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Cornell University Library 
 F 229N41 V9 
 
 Virginia Carolorum: the colony under the 
 
 Clin 
 
 3 1924 028 784 762 
 
leiU'si ^n'iesi »f f iveiwiw lisftovg. 
 
 Virginia Carolorum 
 
 THE COLONY UNDER THE RULE OF CHARLES THE FIRST AND SECOND 
 A. D. 1625— A. D. 1685, 
 
 BASED UPON 
 
 Manuscripts and Documents of the Period. 
 
 EDWARD D": NEILL. 
 
 NEC FALSA DICERE, NEC VERA RETICERE. 
 
 ALBANY, N. Y. : 
 
 JOEL MUNSELL'S SONS, 82 STATE ST. 
 
 1886. 
 
PREFACE. ' 
 
 The student of the fengUsh colonization of America has 
 regretted that there has been so little published, upon the 
 development of the Virginia Colony, during the Oarolan 
 period. 
 
 With the hope, that it might lead to a more intelligent 
 comprehension of the motives, and social surroundings, of 
 the chief men of the era, this work has been prepared. 
 
 The writer has had no political theory, nor religious party, 
 nor provincial prejudice to sustain. As far as possible those 
 who were prominent in shaping the destinies of the Colony, 
 have been permitted to express their views, in their own 
 words, as found in letters to their friends, or in communi- 
 cations to the English Government. 
 
 Their revelations conflict with some traditions, and " old 
 wives' fables," and may not be acceptable to those who dis- 
 like 
 
 " Eecords, on a page. 
 Whence many a pleasant tale is swept away." 
 
6 PREFACE. 
 
 The duty of the historian is to be careful not to disto:rt 
 facts, nor to conceal that which is true. 
 
 In the preparation of the volume, use has been made of 
 some unpublished papers, in the British Museum, and Her 
 Majesty's Public Record Office in London ; and of the records 
 in possession of the Virginia Historical Society, and the 
 counties of Accomac, and Northampton. Rare printed 
 documents of the period have been freely cited, and the 
 quotations, from the early laws, have been taken from 
 Hening's Statutes. 
 
 It is a pleasure to acknowledge the courtesies extended to 
 me, by Secretary Brock of the Virginia Historical Society, 
 Mr. Gilmore Kendall, Clerk of Northampton County Court, 
 and Mr. W. H. B. Custis of the Accomac Court, while 
 searching the records in their keeping. 
 Saint Paul, Minnesota, 
 
 September, 1886. 
 
OOIsiTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 From the abeogation op the London Compant's Char- 
 ter TO the death of Goteenoe Yeaedlet - - 8-48 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Principal events from A.J). 1628 to A.D. 1630 - 49-76 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Transactions from A.D. 1630 to A.D. 1634 - - '77-93 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 Affairs from A.D. 1634 to A.D. 1638 - - - 98-137 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 OccuERENCBS FEOM A.D. 1638 to A.D. 1642 - - 138-156 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Pbom the ^EEivAii OP Goteenoe Berkeley to the 
 
 APPOINTMENT OP PaELIAMBNT COMMISSIONERS - 164-217 
 
8 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Affairs under the Commonwealth of England - 217-279 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 From the Accession of Charles the Second to A.D. 
 
 1671 280-338 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 From A.D. 1671 to the death of Charles the Second 339-401 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 Additional Notes 403-421 
 
 Index and Errata ... ... 423 
 
Wirgittia fiJatfllorum, 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 FEOM THE ABROGATION OF THE LONDON COMPANY'S CHARTER 
 TO THE DEATH OF GOVERNOR YEARDLEY. 
 
 Proclamation of Charles the First. Governor and Council- 
 lors A. D. 1624-5. William Claiborne. Secretary Christo- 
 pher Davison. John Martin suspended from the Council. 
 Tbardlet visits England. Letters of Gov. Butler of Ber. 
 mudas. Companion of Pocahontas Married. Mate and Cap- 
 tain OF THE Mat Flower. Introduction of Negroes. Fear of 
 Spaniards. Death op Ex-Gov. Argall. Re-appointment of 
 Gov. Yeardley. Doctor Pott. Oapt. W. Tucker. Edward 
 Blaney. William Pbrrar. Claiborne ancestry. Ovid 
 translated by Sandys. Arrival and Departure of Ships. 
 Tobacco Monopoly. Death of Gov. Yeardley. 
 
 MONG the earliest acts of Charles the First, after 
 his coronation, was a proclamation concerning 
 Virginia. Sir Thomas Smith, the enterprising 
 East India merchant, and Alderman Robert John- 
 son, the London grocer, with their associates, were entirely- 
 satisfied with the victory over the Earl of Southampton, 
 Sir Edwin Sandys, and the large majority of the members 
 
10 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 of the London Company, resulting from the declaration of 
 Chief Justice Ley (Leigh), in June, 162i, that the Company's 
 charter was null and void. Toward the colonists in Virginia 
 they had no harsh feelings, but their influence was used 
 with the King so to order the tobacco trade, that their friends 
 in London might derive some profit. 
 
 The ship which brought the news of the death of James 
 the First, also conveyed the views of his successor, as to the 
 Plantation. In a communication of the thirteenth day of 
 May, A.D. 1625, from Whitehall, Charles alludes to the 
 •"Collonie of Virginia, planted by the hands of our most 
 -deere Father of blessed memorie, for the propagation of 
 Christian religion, the increase of trade, and the enlarging 
 of his Royal empire." He thought that it "had not hitherto 
 prospered soe happilly as was hoped and desired for, that the 
 government of that Collonie was comytted to the Companie 
 of Virginia, incorporated of a multitude of persons of sev- 
 ■erall dispositions, amongst whome the affaires of greatest 
 moment were and must be ruled by the greater number of 
 votes and voyces, and therefore his late Majestie, out of his 
 .^great wisedome and depth of judgment, did desire to resume 
 that popular government, and accordingly the letters pat- 
 rentes of that Incorporation were, by his Highnes' direction, 
 in a legal course questioned, and therefore judicially repealed 
 and adjudged to be voyd, wherein his Majestye's ayme was 
 onlie to reduce that Grovernment into such a right course as 
 might best agree with that forme which was held in the rest 
 of his Royal Monarchie, and was not intended by him to 
 take awaie or ympeach the particular interest of anie pri- 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. \\ 
 
 vate planter or adventurer, nor to alter the same otherwise 
 than should be of necessitie for the good of the publique." 
 
 He also declared : " Our full resolution is, that there male 
 be one uniforme course of government in and through our 
 whole Monavchie ; that the government of the CoUonie of 
 Virginia shall ymediately depend upon ourselfe, and not be 
 commytted to anie Gompanie or Corporation to whom it 
 male be proper to trust matters of trade or commerce, but 
 cannott be fit or safe to communicate the ordering of State 
 affaires, be they of never so mean consequence : And that 
 therefore we have determyned that our Commissioners* for 
 
 ' On the 15th of July, 1624, King James had appointed the following Commis- 
 sidners for Virginia to receive the charters, seals, and letters of the Virginia 
 Company, and attend to the affairs of the Colony: 
 Henry, Viscount Mandeville, Lord President of the Privy Council. 
 William, Lord Pagett. 
 Arthur, Lord Chichester, Baron of Belfast. 
 Sir Thomas Edwards, Knight. Treasurer. 
 " John Suckling, " Comptroller. 
 
 " George Calvert, " Secretary of State. 
 
 " Edward Conway, " " " 
 
 " Richard Weston, " Chancellor of Exchequer. 
 " Julius Caesar, " Master of Rolls. 
 
 " Humphrey May, " Chancellor of Lancaster. 
 
 " Baptist Hickes, " and Baronet. 
 
 " Thomas Smith, 
 
 Sir Henry Mildmay, Knight, Master of Jewels. 
 
 " Thomas Coventry, " Attorney General. 
 
 " Robert Heath, " Solicitor General. 
 
 " Ferdinand Gorges, " 
 
 " Robert Killigrew, " 
 
 " Charles Montague, " 
 
 " Philip Cary, " 
 
 " Francis Gaston, " 
 
 " Thomas Wro.th, " 
 
12 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 those affaires shall proceede accordinge to the tenor of our 
 commissions directed unto them, until we shall declare our 
 further pleasure therein ; nevertheless we doe hereby declare 
 that we are resolved with as much convenyent expedition 
 as our affaires of greater importance will give leeve, to estab- 
 lish a Counsell consistinge of a few persons of understand- 
 ing and quallitie, to whom wee will give trust for the yme- 
 diate care of the affaires of that Uollonie, and whoe shall be 
 answerable to us for their proceedings, and in matters of 
 great moment shall be subordinate and attendant unto our 
 Privie Counsell here; and that wee will alsoe establish an- 
 other Counsell to be resident in Virginia, who shall be sub- 
 ordinate to our Counsell here for that CoUonie, and that att 
 our owne charge we will maynteyne those publique offi- 
 
 " John Wolstenbolme, " 
 
 " Nathaniel Rich, " 
 
 " Samuel Argall, " 
 
 " Humphrey Handford, " 
 Matthew SutclifFe, D.D., Dean of Exeter. 
 Francis White, D.D., Dean of Carlisle. 
 Tliomas Faushaw, Clerk of the Crown. 
 Eobert Johnson, Alderman of London. 
 James Campbell, " " 
 
 Ralph Freeman, " " 
 
 Maurice Abbot, Esquire, 
 Nathaniel Butler, " 
 George Wilmore, " 
 Philip Jermayne, " 
 Edward Johnson, " 
 Thomas Gibbs, " 
 Samuel Wrote, " 
 John Porey, " 
 
 Michael Hawes, " 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 13 
 
 In conclusion, he wrote that he wished to bring the 
 tobacco trade into one hand, and exclude that raised in 
 foreign lands, and to fix his own price upon that raised in 
 Virginia.' 
 
 After the charter of the Virginia Company had been dis- 
 solved, James the First continued Sir Francis Wyatt^ as 
 
 Edward Pallavacine, Esquire. 
 Robert Bateman, Merchaut. 
 Martin Bonde, " 
 
 Thomas Styles, " 
 
 Nicholas Leate, " 
 
 Robert Bell, 
 Abraham Cartwright, '' 
 Richard Edwards, " 
 John Dyke, 
 Anthony Abdy, " 
 
 William Palmer, " 
 Edward Dichfield, Salter. 
 George Mole, Merchant. 
 Richard Morer, Grocer. 
 
 Upon the recommendation of the Commissioners for Virginia, the following 
 Tobacco Inspectors in London were appointed : Edward Dichfield, Salter ; 
 Richard Morer, Reuben Bourne, George Bromley, Grocers ; William Perkyns, 
 Merchant Tailor ; and Edward Bennet, Merchant. 
 
 ' The entire document is printed in Rymer's "Foedera," Vol. XVIII., pp. 73,73. 
 
 ' Thomas Wyatt, of AUington Castle, Boxley Abbey, married Jane, daughter 
 of Sir William Hawte. His estate was confiscated. 
 
 George, his son, had the estate restored in 1570 by Queen Ehzabeth. He 
 married Oct. 8, 1583, Jane, daughter of Sir Thomas Pinch, Kt., and he was 
 buried about September 1635, at Boxley Abbey, and left five sons and two daugh- 
 ters. 
 
 Francis, eldest son of George, in 1618 married Margaret, daughter of Sir Sam- 
 uel Sandys, of Ombersley, Worcester. He was buried at Boxley Abbey August 
 24, 1644, and his wife March 37, 1644-5. 
 
 Hawte, brother of Francis, was inducted Rector of Boxley October 3, 1633. 
 He died July 81, 1638. He was twice married, and some of his descendants are 
 
14 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Governor. While he had confidence in the motives of those 
 who had directed the affairs of the Company, Wyatt found 
 that their plans were at times impracticable. In a letter to 
 his father he alluded to the " antipathy " caused by the great 
 demands of the Corporation, and the ' ' grumbling obedience " 
 of the colonists, and he wished " that little Mr. Farrar was 
 in Virginia, that he might add zeal to knowledge." His 
 wife, a daughter of Sir Samuel Sandys, who passed some 
 time in Virginia, was a cheerful person, willing to accept 
 the hardships of a new settlement. His deportment was 
 correct, and a captious fellow could only write •} " The old 
 smoker, so good, so carefully mild, religious, just, honest, 
 that I protest, I think God hath sent him, in mercy, for 
 good to us." 
 
 said to have settled in Virgiaia. There was a Ralph Wyatt who married the 
 widow of Capt. William Button, of Virginia, and Anthony Wyatt a member of 
 an early legislature. 
 
 Eleanor, sister of Pranoip, was the first wife of Sir Thomas Finch, Speaker of 
 House of Commons, 1637. 
 
 Hotten in Listn of Emigrant) gives 
 
 The Mustek of Sb Thomas Wyatt, Kt., taken in Jantiaby, 1635. 
 
 " Sr Francis Wyatt, Kt., Governo' &c., came in the George, 1621. 
 
 [Wife had gone to England on a visit.] 
 
 Servants. 
 Christopher Cooke, age 35, in the George, 1631. 
 George Hull, age 13, in the Supply, 1630. 
 Jonathan Giles, 31, in the Triall, 1619, 
 John Matheman, 19, in the Jonathan, 1619. 
 Jane Davis, 3 in the Ahigaile, 1633" 
 
 ' Letter of William Capps, an old planter, in "Virginia Vetusta " p. 139- 
 Munsell's Sons, Albany, N. Y., 1885. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 15 
 
 The Councillors, as their muster-rolls show, were chosen 
 from among the more prosperous and influential. 
 
 Francis West' preceded his brother, Lord Delaware, and 
 in A.D. 1608 first arrived. In November, 1623, he was ap- 
 pointed Admiral by the Council for New England, and sailed 
 for Plymouth Harbor, but finding that the fishermen insisted 
 that the fisheries should be opened to all, he returned to 
 Virginia. 
 
 ' Alexander Brown, in " Mag. of American History," 1883, p. 461, communi- 
 cates the West Genealogy from the Bennet Roll. From this are gleaned the 
 following facts : 
 
 Thomas M Lord Delaware, second son of second Lord, " was born the 9th of 
 July, between 3 and 3 o'clock in the afternoon, 1577." 
 
 Francis West, fourth son, was born the 88th Of October, 1586, between 
 twelve and one o'clock nooii. 
 
 .John West, fifth son, was born the 14th of December, 1590, between five and 
 six o'clock in the afternoon. 
 
 Nathaniel West, sixth son, was born November 3, 1593, between two and 
 three o'clock in the morning. 
 
 Doyle, in "History of the American Colonies," speaks of Francis, a nephew 
 of Francis, who was drowned. 
 
 In January, 1635, Captain Francis West was living on the Company's land 
 at Elizabeth City. The census-roll then taken, printed in Hotten, had the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 "Captain Fuancis West, his Musteb. 
 Capt. Francis Wesf, Counselor, aged 36, in the Mary Ann Margaret, 1610. 
 Mrs. Francis West, Widdowe, in the Supply, 1630. 
 Nathaniel West, born in Virginia. 
 
 Sekvants. 
 Joane Fairchild, aged 30, in the George, 1618. 
 Benjamin Owin, aged 18, in the Swan, 1633. 
 William Parnell, aaed 18, in the SoutJiampton, 1633. 
 Walter Couper, aged 33, in the Neptune, 1618. 
 Reinould Godwin, aged 30, in the AMgall, 1630. 
 John Pedro, a Neger, aged 30, in the Swan, 1638." 
 
16 VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 
 
 Sir George Yeardley^ had always been recognized for his 
 executive abihty and business capacity. John Pory had 
 written of him, in 1619, as "the Governor here, who at his 
 
 ■ " Muster op Sik Qborqb Yeardlbt, Kt. 
 Sr George Yeardley, Kt., &c.. came in the Deliverance, 1609. 
 Temperance, Lady Yeardley, came in the Faulcon, 1608. 
 Mr. Argall Yeardley, aged 4 yeares, ) 
 
 Mr. Francis Yeardley, aged 1 yeare, [■ Children borne Leare. 
 M's. Elizabeth Yeardley, aged 6 years, ' 
 
 Servants at Jambs City. 
 Richard Gregory, aged 40, ~| 
 
 Anthony Jones, 26, I „ ^„„„ 
 
 Tiv .., T^ 1 i y came in the Temperance, 1620. 
 
 rhomas Dunn, 14, ( 
 
 Thomas Phildust, 15, J 
 
 Thomas Hatch, 17, in the Duty, 1619. 
 
 Robert Peake, 22, in the Margrett & John, 1623. 
 
 William Strange, 18, in the Oeorge, 1619. 
 
 Roger Thompson, 40, London Merchant, 1620. 
 
 Ann, his wife. 
 
 Richard Arundell, in the Abigail, 1620. 
 
 Georg Deverill, 18, in the Temperance, 1620. 
 
 Thomas Baruett, 16, in the Elsabeth, 1620. 
 
 Theophilus Bereston, in the Treasurer, 1614. 
 
 Negro Men, 3. 
 
 Negro Women, 5. 
 
 Susan Hall, in the William <fi Thomas, 1608. 
 
 Ann Willis, in the Temperance, 1630. 
 
 Elizabeth Arundell, in the Abigail, 1620. 
 
 Servants at Hog Island. 
 
 Maximillian Stoae, aged 36, came in the Temperance, 1620. 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, in the same shipp. 
 
 Maximillian, his son, aged 9 months. 
 
 Robert Guy, 32, in the Swann, 1619. 
 
 Edward Yates, 18, in the Duty, 1619. 
 
 Cesar Pugget, 30, in the Diana, 1619. 
 
 William Strachey, 17, in the Temperance. 
 
 Alexander Sanders, 34, in the True love, 1633. 
 
 George Whitehand, 24, in the Temperance, 1620. 
 
VIBGINIA GAROLORUM. VJ 
 
 first coming, besides a great deal of worth in his person, 
 brought only his sword with him, was at his late being in 
 London, together with his lady, out of his mere gettings 
 here, able to disburse very near three thousand pounds to 
 furnish him with the voyage." In another paragraph he is 
 called "a soldier truly bred in the University of War in the 
 Low Countries." 
 
 George Sandys' had been a Colonial Treasurer, and as 
 the brother of the head of the Virginia Company in London, 
 at one time exercised a great influence, 
 
 Henry King, 33, in the Jonathan, 1630. 
 John Day, 34, in the London Merchant, 1630. 
 The wife of John Day in the same Shipp." 
 
 '" MtrsTBB, OF M's George Sand's, Esqtjirb. 
 Servants. 
 Martin Turner, "1 
 
 Georoje Bailife, 
 John Sparks, 
 John Dancy, 
 John Edwards, 
 ^'icholas Tompson, 
 Kosamus Carter, 
 John Stone, a boy, 
 
 Nicholas Comon, ) j^ ^j^^ g,^jy.j_ ^^ggg^ 
 
 Nicholas Eyres, a boy, ) 
 
 David Mausfeild, ) .^ ^^^ ^^^^ j^^^^ ^^.^^ servants. 
 
 John Claxon, i 
 
 Thomas Swifte, ) j^ tjjg rpyg^^ freemen, 1633. 
 
 John Bald wine, ' 
 
 hired, Daniel Poole, a french man. 
 his wife, a young child of theires. 
 
 MtrSTBR OF THOSE THAT LIVE IN YE TREASUKORS PLANT. 
 
 Robert Sheaperd, came in the Oeorge, 1631. 
 James Chambers, in the Dutie, 1630. 
 3 
 
 . came in the Q-eorge, 1631. 
 
18 VIRGINIA CABOLOBVM. 
 
 Captain Eoger Smith^ had served twelve years in the 
 wars of the Netherlands, and is supposed to have been the 
 
 John Parsons, 
 
 William Benge, 
 
 John Evans, 
 
 Robert Edmunds, \ '"^ *^« Marygold. 1619. 
 
 John Comes, 
 
 John Tyos. 
 
 William Pilkington, \ 
 
 Elias Longe, I in the Bona Ifom, 1620. 
 
 Thomas Hall, ) 
 
 Margaret Pilkington, i 
 
 ^ i. weomen. 
 Jane Long, j 
 
 M'Vincencio, the Italian. 
 
 M' Bernardo. 
 
 his wife. 
 
 A child." 
 
 ' " Muster of Capt. Roger Smith. 
 Capt. Roger Smith, came in the Abigaile, 1680. 
 M's Joane Smith, came in the Blessinge. 
 Elizabeth Salter, aged 7 yeares, came in the Beafloure. 
 Elizabetli Rolfe, aged 4 yeares, i 
 Sarah Maoock, aged 2 yeares, f '^orn in Virginia. 
 
 Servants. 
 
 Charles Waller, aged 23, came in the Ahigaile, 1620. 
 Christopher Bankus, aged 19 yeares, in the Ahgaile, 1633. 
 Henery Booth, aged 20, in tho Dutie. 
 Henery Lacton, aged 18 yeares, in the HopweU, 1623. 
 
 [Plantation over the water.] 
 Francis Fowler, aged 23 yeres. 
 Christopher Lawson. 
 Alee, his wife. 
 
 Christopher Redhead, aged 34. 
 Stephen Webb, aged 35 yeres. 
 John Butterfield, aged 23 yeres. 
 William Baker, aged 24 yeres. 
 Richard Alford, aged 26 yeres. 
 Thomas Molton, aged 35 yeres.'' 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 19 
 
 second son of John Smith,^ of Nibley, in Gloucestershire. 
 In January, 1625, there resided with him Ehzabeth Eolfe, 
 whose widowed mother, Jane, appears to have been absent, 
 perhaps with her father, Capt. WiUiam Peirce, in England. 
 In "Virginia Vetusta," published by the MunseUs, of Al- 
 bany, this child, by a slip of the pen, is called Jane. 
 
 Ealph Hamor' is supposed to have been the son of Ealph 
 Hamor, of London. In 1615 he published a Description of 
 
 ' Among the " Cholmondely Papers," are letters of Richard Berkeley andJohn 
 Smith, of Nibley, on Virginia aflfairs. Yates' account of a voyage to Virginia 
 in the Ma/rgarete, of Bristol, which left England on 16th of September, and on 
 the 30th of November arrived at Point Comfort or Elizabeth City, is addressed 
 to George Thorpe, of Wanswell, afterwards killed by the Indians, and John 
 Smith, Esq. , of Nibley. On December 19, 1620, George Smith, then in Virginia, 
 writes to John Smith, at North Nibley, Gloucestershire, " is busy examining 
 witnesses concerning Capt. Argall," and then recommends that he should send 
 over his second son to the plantation. 
 
 = " Muster of Capt. Raph Hamob. 
 
 Capt. Eaph Hamor. 
 
 M's Elizabeth Hamor. 
 
 Jeremy Clement, ) j^^^ ^^.j^^^^ 
 
 Elizabeth Clement, ) 
 
 Sbbvants. 
 John Lightfoote, in the Seaventitre. 
 Francis Gibbs, a boy, in the Seaflower. 
 Ann Addams, a maid servant. 
 
 At Ho& Island. 
 
 Jeffrey Hull, came in the George. 
 Mordecay Knight, in the WiUiam & John. 
 Thomas Doleman, in the Rgturne. 
 Elkinton Ratlifife, in the Seafloure. 
 Thomas Powell, in the Beafloure 
 Thomas Cooper, In the Beturne. 
 John Davies, in the Ouifte. 
 
20 VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 Virginia. Eeturned with Argall from England in May, 
 1617, and was described by Sandys as one whose extreme 
 poverty forced him to "shifts." 
 
 John Martin was one of the earliest settlers, supposed to 
 have been the brother-in-law of Sir Julius Csesar,^ and was 
 positive in his convictions, and generally in opposition to the 
 majority. At the meeting of the iirst legislative assembly, 
 in 1619, he insisted that by a special clause in his patent he 
 was exempt from local authority, except in time of war. 
 He returned from England in 1624 with an increased grant 
 of land. Governor Wyatt and Council, on February 4, 1625, 
 wrote to the Earl of Southampton, and the Company, of 
 which he was the head, that while they could " but praise 
 the Company's charity in forgiving the many foul injuries 
 of Captain Martin," they did not like his appointment as 
 Councillor.^ 
 
 Samuel Mathews had not come to the colony until a.d. 
 1622, in the ship " Southampton," but was destined to be- 
 
 ' The following manuscripts in the collection of Sir Julius Caesar, Judge of 
 High Court of Admiralty, and Master of the Rolls, in the British Museum are 
 attributed to his brother-in-law, Thomas Martin, and evidently John is meant. 
 
 " Proposals of Thomas Martin, respecting the question between the Virginia 
 Company and himself," Dec. 9, 1623. 
 
 " The manner howe Virginia may be used as a royall plantation," by Thomas 
 Martin. 
 " Letter of Thomas Martin, in Virginia, to Sir Julius Caesar," March 8, 1636. 
 
 = " MtrsTEK OF Capt. John Mabtin. 
 Capt. John Martin. 
 
 Sackford Wetherill, 
 John Smith, aged 31 , 
 John Howard, aged 34, 
 John Anthouie, aged 33, 
 
 in the Swan, 1634." 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 21 
 
 come a leader. He had influence in London. He married 
 the daughter of Sir Thomas Hinton by his first wife. Hin- 
 ton afterwards married the rich widow of Sir Sebastian 
 Harvey, Lord Mayor of London. ' Her only daughter, Mary, 
 the King wished to marry the brother of the Duke of Buck- 
 ingham. A letter written on May 31, 1619, told a friend 
 "The Lord Mayor is ill because the King wishes him to 
 marry his only daughter, a child of fourteen, to Christopher 
 Villiers, which he refuses." Harvey, in February, 1622, 
 died, and Mary, his daughter, married John, son of Sir Fran- 
 cis Popham.^ 
 
 ' The following marriage is entered on the Register of Stratford le Bowe 
 Church, Londou, under date of October 1, 1632 : " Sir Thomas Hynton of Chil- 
 ton Foliot, Kt., and the Lady Mary wife of Sir Sebastian Harvey." 
 
 = " MusTBB OF Capt. Samuel Mathewb, Jambs Oitt. 
 
 Capt. Samuell Mathews, came in the Southampton, 1633. 
 M' David Sand's, Minister, came in the Bonaventura, 1630. 
 
 Sebvants. 
 Robert Mathews, aged 24, 
 Roger Williams, 30, 
 Samuell Davies, 18, 
 
 Henery Jones, 35, - came in the Southampton, 1682. 
 
 Aaron Conaway, 30, 
 John Thomas, 18, 
 Michaell Lapwortb, 16, J 
 William Lusam, 27, \ 
 William Feild, 23, V in the Charles, 1621. 
 Peter Montecue, 31, > 
 
 Robert Fernall, 31, in the London Merchant, 1619. 
 Walter Coop[er], 33, in the Jonathan, 1619. 
 William Walters, 27, in the Bona Nova. 
 Nicholas Chapman, 31, in the JonatJian, 1619. 
 Gregory Spicer, 23, in the Triall, 1618. 
 
22 VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 John Harvey, of Lyme Eegis, Dorsetshire, had been the 
 Captain of a ship in the East Indies,' and one of the Com- 
 missioners of A.D. 1624, who reported upon the condition of 
 the Colony to the King, and Admiral of New England after 
 West and Argall. He was absent from Virginia, from the 
 beginning of 1624, for several years, 
 
 Abraham Persey, Merchant, also written Peirsey, was a 
 merchant, and, in 1616, first arrived in the ship "Susan,"' 
 and about 1628, died. His will is in the Appendix. 
 
 Nicholas Peirse, 23, in the Falcon, 1619. 
 
 Robert Penn, 22, in the AUgaile, 1620. 
 
 William Dalby, 28, in the FurtJwranee, 1622. 
 
 Thomas Hopson, 12, in the Bona Nova, 1618. 
 
 Abraham Wood, 10, in the Margrett & John, 1620. 
 
 William Kingsley, 24, in the Ma/rmaduk, 1623. 
 
 Thomas Bridges, 12, " " " " 
 
 Arthur Goldsmith, 26, in the Diana, 1618." 
 ' The East India Company ordered, in November, 1617, that " Security for 
 2000Z or 3000Z be taken from Capt. Harvey, who is suspected to be about to sail 
 to the East Indies with a ship well victualled and furnished with twenty pieces 
 of ordnance," and on the 16th of January, 1617-18, they were informed that 
 " Sir Thomas Bromley and Captain Harvye were making a voyage from Flush- 
 ing to the East Indies in a great ship," and that they had been stayed. — Ool. 
 of State Papers, East Indies, 1617-1621. Upon giving security to the States 
 General the vessel was released. John Chamberlain, in a letter to Dudley 
 Carlton, describes Harvey as " somewhat choleric and impatient." 
 
 = " Muster of M' Abraham Pbirsbt, Mbrchannt. 
 M' Abraham Peirsey, came in the Susan, 1616. 
 Elizabeth, his daughter, agedjlS, ) ■ ,,.■, c, ^i , . 
 
 Mary, his daughter, ag;d 11, \ "^"^^ "^' Southampion, 1628. 
 
 Servants. 
 
 Christopher Lee, aged 30 yeres, ] 
 
 Richard Serieant, aged 86 yeres, I . , „ 
 
 Alice Chamhers, ) ., , f m the Southampton. 1623. 
 
 . „, ' f maid servants, I 
 
 Anms Shaw, ) j 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 23 
 
 . Southampton, 1633. 
 
 Isaac Madison, of Charles City, died in 1624, before notice 
 of his appointment arrived. His widow, Mary,^ who arrived 
 
 At Peiesbt's Hundbbd. 
 Thomas Lea, aged 50, 
 Anthony Paggit, 85, 
 Solomon Jackman, 80, 
 John Davies, 45, 
 Clement Roper, 35, 
 John Bates, 34, 
 Thomas Abbe, 20, 
 Thomas Brooks, 23, 
 Nathan Jones, 23, 
 Peter Jones, 34, 
 Pierce Williams, 28, 
 Robert Graues, 30, 
 Edward Hubberstead, 36, 
 John Lathrop, 26, 
 Thomas Chambers, 24, 
 Walter Jackson, 24, 
 Henry Sanders, 20, 
 William Allen, 32, 
 Georg Dawson, 24, 
 
 John Upton.Jaged 26, In the Bona Nova, 1633. 
 
 John Bamford, aged 23, in the James, 1633. 
 
 William Garrett, aged 32, in the George, 1619. 
 
 Thomas Sawell, 36, " " 
 
 Henery Rowinge, 25, " " Temperance, IQ'il. 
 
 Nathaniel Thomas, 33, " " 
 
 Richard Broadshaw, 30, " " " " 
 
 Robert Okley, 19, in William, <fi Thomas, 1618. 
 
 Negroes, 4." 
 
 ' " Muster op M's Mabt Maddibon, Widdow. 
 West and Shirley Hundred. 
 Mary Maddison, aged 30, in the Treasurer, 1618. 
 Katherine Layden, aged 7. 
 
 Sbbvants. 
 James Watson, aged 20 yeares, in the George, 1633. 
 Roger Lewes, " 19 " " " Edmn, May, 1617." 
 
24 VIRGINIA (JAROLORUM. 
 
 in the " Treasurer " in a.d. 1618, and was about thirty years 
 of age, was living. Madison was -a, brave man, and a street 
 ballad was printed and sung in the streets of London, in 
 1624, in which his attack upon the Indians was noted, — 
 
 "And Captain Middisone likewise, 
 
 ■with lionor did proceed 
 Wlio coming, toolie not all their come, 
 
 but likewise tooke their King 
 And unto James his Citty, he 
 
 did these rich trophies bring." 
 
 William Claiborne,^ also written Clayborne, Cleyborne, 
 Cleburne. The Virginia Company, in a letter dated July 
 25, 1621, sent by the ship "George," write, "It is our ex- 
 presse will that the Tenants belonging to every office be 
 fixed to his certaine place uppon the lands sett out for itt, 
 for which M' Cleyburne is chosen to be our Surveyor, who 
 att the Companies very great charge is sett out, as by his 
 condition of agreement you may perceive."^ 
 
 Too little has been written of Christopher Davison,* the 
 last Secretary of the Colony before the death of King James. 
 His father was William Davison, of Stepney, Middlesex, 
 Secretary of State under Queen Ehzabeth, and in whose 
 service, for a time, was William Brewster, the leader of the 
 Leyden Puritans, who had landed at Plymouth Eock but a 
 
 1 So written in Rymer. 
 
 » Neill's " Virginia Company," Joel Munsell, Albany, p. 225. 
 
 3 The mother of the Secretary was Catherine Spelman, a relative of Sir Henry 
 Spelman. He was born about A. D. 1577, and is said to have been a student 
 of Gray's Inn. Hia younger brother, Walter, was also a poet.— Zs/e of Dcm- 
 son, by Nicholas. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 25 
 
 few months before Christopher Davison arrived at James- 
 town. In the will of WiUiam Davison, made in a.d. 1608, 
 Christopher is called his second son, and Francis, the poet, 
 his eldest. 
 
 At a meeting of the Virginia Company, held June 11, 
 1621, as John Pory, Secretary under Yeardley, had not car- 
 ried himself well, it was decided to choose a successor, and 
 on the 13th, Mr. Parramore, Mr. Waterhouse, and Mr. Da- 
 vison were balloted for the office, and "choice was made of 
 Mr. Davison, he having the major part of balls, who being 
 called in to take notice that the Secretary's place was fallen 
 upon him, did declare his thankful acknowledgment unto 
 the Company." He arrived in October, 1621, at Jamestown, 
 but did not have good health. In a letter of April 8, 1623, 
 to Deputy Ferrar, of the Company, he alludes to his sick- 
 ness and absence from business, and promises to send a list 
 of inhabitants. He also mentions that his "brother," per- 
 haps brother-in-law, Thomas Finch, had died soon after his 
 arrival. 
 
 When Pory and other Commissioners from England 
 came, in 1624, Edward Sharpless was appointed clerk, in 
 consequence of a vacancy in the Secretaryship, caused by 
 Davison's death. Among the poems of Francis, the eldest 
 brother, was published the following paraphrase of one of 
 the Psalms by Christopher : 
 
 "Lord, in thy house, who shall forever bide ? 
 
 To whom shall rest in sacred mount betide ? 
 
 Ev'n unto him that leads a life unstained, 
 
 Doth good, and speaks the truth from heart unfeigned. 
 
 Who with his tongue, deceit hath never used ; 
 
 Nor neighbor hurt, nor slandered, nor accus'd ; 
 
 4 
 
26 VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 
 
 Who loving good men, is from bad estranged, 
 
 Who keeps his word, though to his loss, unchanged, 
 
 To usury, who hath no money lent. 
 
 Nor taken bribes against the innocent, 
 
 Who in this course doth constantly persevere, 
 
 In holy hill, unmoved, shall dwell for ever." 
 
 The condition of the Colony was not prosperous-, but it 
 had been improved by the abrogation of the charter of the 
 old Company. While there had been a disposition upon the 
 part of its officers and stockholders to promote a Christian 
 civilization, yet the people did not feel that they were a 
 commonwealth, but, subject to the ordinances of those who 
 were anxious to receive some pecuniary return from their 
 investments. The first of January, a.d. 1G25, found a pop- 
 ulation of only about twelve hundred persons, one horse, 
 one mare, five hundred hogs, and five hundred neat cattle 
 in the valley of the James River, and on the eastern shore of 
 the Chesapeake Bay. There was not a public inn, nor was 
 there a church edifice, nor a residence of brick or stone at 
 Jamestown. 
 
 On the 15th of June, 1625, Governor Wyatt and Council 
 notified the Privy Council in England, that they had been 
 forced to suspend Captain John Martin from their body, and 
 that the reason they had taken the Secretaryship from, and 
 cut off the ears of Edward Sharpless, was, because he had 
 violated his oath' and "delivered papers, committed to his 
 charge, which greatly concerned" them. 
 
 1 After Secretary Davison's death, in 1633-4, an oath was administered to 
 Edward Sharpless, acting as Secretary, in these words : 
 
 " You shall keep secret all matters committed unto you, with all things that 
 shall be treated secretly at the Counsell table until such tyme as by the consent 
 of his Maiestie's Qouernor and Captayn Generall and the full Councel of the 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 27 
 
 The monopoly of the tobacco trade tended to produce 
 stagnation in business and discontent, and Yeardley was 
 appointed to visit England and secure, if possible, a modifi- 
 cation of the pernicious contract. 
 
 On the 4th of October, Yeardley was in England, and 
 wrote to the King how utterly disheartened the Virginia 
 planters were, by the enforced sale of their tobacco, and ask- 
 ing that he might have a hearing before the Privy Council. 
 When the opportunity offered, he asked for the liberty of 
 holding a General Assembly for local legislation and the 
 election of officers by the people, also that there should be 
 no tax on staple commodities, and free trade in all things. 
 
 Small vessels were constantly seen trading with the In- 
 dians toward the Falls of the Potomac and the mouth of 
 the Susquehanna Eiver for corn and beaver-skins, and at 
 Palmer's Island in that stream, named after Edward Palmer, 
 who had, in 1624, projected a University and School of Arts 
 for Virginia.^ 
 
 Intercourse had been established with the feeble settle- 
 ments at Cape Cod and Bermudas. Fish was brought from 
 the former and fruits from the latter.* 
 
 State then resydent, or the maior part of thera, publication shall be made 
 thereof. 
 
 " And you shall most exactly and faithfully do your utmost, record all acts 
 and matters to be recorded and kept from time to time which shall be resolued 
 upon by the Gouernour and Counsell of State or the maior part of them and you 
 shall not deliuer any thing concerninge the affayres of the Counsell to any other 
 person to be copied out or engrossed without first making the Gouernour 
 acquainted and pleasure obtained. So help you God and the contents of this 
 Boke." — Virginia MS. Becords, Library of Congress. 
 
 1 Neill's " Virginia Vetusta," pages 183, 184. 
 
 = The beginning of the trade in fruits was in a.d. 1621. In a treatise on the 
 
28 VIBQINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Some of the leading men longed to see the parish and 
 town organization of England introduced, and lamented 
 
 Bermudas written in 1623, it is supposed by Capt. Butler, edited by Lefroy, and 
 published in a.d. 1882, by Hakluyt Society, are the following letters : 
 
 " To MY WORTHY FRIEND SiR Fbanois Wiatt, Gouemor of Virginia. 
 
 " Sib : If your name deceaue me not we knowe one another. Howsoeuer 
 your neighbourboode and afflnitie of command, inuite me to wellcomeyou, and to 
 wish you all happiness in this your onerous Honnour. 
 
 " Our plantation commenceth a commerce vnto you, for by this shipp 1 haue 
 sent vnto yon suche of our prime fruicts as I heare you haue not, but assure 
 myself you would Ijaue, nor is ther ought els with vs but (during my tearme 
 here) you shall as bretliren command it. And (although your own climate 
 giues a beliefe you can haue noe badd aire) I cannot chuse but wish you the 
 temperature and salubrilie of ours, the which I d.ire pronounce to be equall 
 with tlie best of the world, and with it also communicated our bothe natural 
 and artificial strength. 
 
 "I doubt not but that you haue your good wishes for vs, likewise as a par- 
 ticipation with you of a spatlous continent, goodly pasture, fayre riuers, neces- 
 sary yron mines, and perhaps some other secret hopes : We are glad and lliank 
 you for it, and let vs still iointly goe on to wish one another's good, and to act 
 it, and God second our honest endeauors. 
 
 " And thus (noble Sir) you haue hastily and heartily recommended the true 
 and faithful affection of 
 
 ■' Your assured friend, 
 
 " Nath. Buti.br. 
 
 " Saint Georges, in the 
 •' Sdmmer Islands, 
 " December 3, 1631." 
 
 A second chest of cedar, well filled, was sent 
 
 " To MY WORTHY FRIEND SiK Gborge Yabdley, in Virginia, giue these. 
 
 " Worthy Sir, — This bearer (who loues you well) assureth me chat you 
 
 meant so well the last yeare, and that you sent out a ship of purpose to let V8 
 
 knowe it, of which however we were deprived by the ignorance of the pilote, 
 
 yet your noble entention ought to be esteemed as an act done to encresse my 
 
 thancks. I haue now sent you some of our countrey's fruicts, and I wish they 
 
 may multiplie with you, they are of our choice ones, and such as giue vs much 
 
 content here, wher and everywher els I shall by all means expresse myself 
 
 " Your affectionate friend, 
 
 '■ Nath. Butler. 
 " St. Georges, in Summer Ids., 
 
 "Dec. 3, 1631." 
 
VIRaiNIA CAROL OB UM, 29 
 
 that their plantations were scattered, and, from the lack of 
 bridges over the many inlets, only accessible by boats on 
 
 The fruits and plants were so acceptable that, in March, 1622, a bark came 
 from Virginia to obtain another supply. While this vessel was in port, the 
 writer of the manuscript about a.d. 1623, refers to the 
 
 Marriage of a Companion of Pocahontas. 
 
 Sir Edwin Sandys, at a meeting of the Loudon Company, on June 11, 1621, 
 (O. S.), remarked that experience had taught that the Indians brought over by 
 Sir Thomas Dale, was ' ' far from the Cliristian work intended." Dale arrived 
 with Pocahontas and her companions in England, early in June, 1616, but Lon- 
 don life did not improve their health or morals. On the 6th of August, the dead . 
 body of a Virginian named Abraham was borne from the fair house of Sir 
 Thomas Smitli, in Philpot Lane, Langborne Ward, and buried at St. Dionis 
 Church at the north-west corner of Lime street in the same ward. On the 18th 
 of October another native of Virginia died, and was taken from the same house 
 to the same church, and on the ISth of November there was a third burial of an 
 Indian. In May, 1620, one of the Indian girls was dying of consumption, who 
 had been a, servant with a mercer in Cheapside. The remaining maid in 
 England was sent back. The words of the Hakluyt Society narrative, are : " Her 
 ladeinge was aqua vitse, sack, oyle, and bricks, in exchange whereof she desired 
 plants and herbs of all sortes, potatoes, duck, turkeys, and lime-stone ... In 
 the interim of this shyps abode here the marriage of the Virginia mayde recom- 
 mended vnto the Qouernour by the Virginian Company resident in London, the 
 shypeinge before was consumated : she being there married to as fitt and agree- 
 able an husband as the place would afford, and the weddinge feste kept in the 
 Gouernour's newe house, and at his charge, whereto not only the master of the 
 new come shypp and some other strangers were innited, but not fewer than one 
 hundred persons wer made guests, and dined with all sortes of prouisions that 
 the Islands could afEord, in a very plentifuU manner. 
 
 " And it was thought to be done in a more fashionable and full manner that 
 the strangers returned to Virginia might find reason to carry a good testimony 
 with them of the wellfare and plenty of the plantation: as also, that the kin- 
 dred and friends of the Virginian bride who were proud oommandours, and not 
 less than Viceroyes might receive a knowledge of the well beiug of their kinds 
 woman [kinswoman], and by the good respect and kind vsage shewed vnto her 
 among the English be encouraged both to continue and augment their former 
 friendshyp, and to become Christians themselves, to which ende also, the Gouer- 
 nour wrote of aduice to the Gouernour in Virginia, and caused the mayde her- 
 selfe likewise to doe as much to her brother, who by her father's late death had 
 succeeded in all his roialties and commando." 
 
 Powhatan died in 1618, and the Indian maiden appears to have been one of 
 the sisters of Pocahontas. 
 
30 VIRGIJSriA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 the James Eiver, and that they were "bereft of friendly 
 communion" as well as the "mutual Societie of one another 
 in religious duties, the first fruit of civihty."' 
 
 During the year 1625, Giles Beaumont, a Frenchman, ar- 
 rived with some colonists, authorized to claim the privileges 
 of an English subject and establish a plantation. 
 
 It is worthy of note that the Captain and Mate of the 
 May Flower both died in the valley of the James River. 
 John Clark, who piloted the Puritans of Leyden to the coast 
 of Massachusetts, was a resident of Virginia as early as A.D. 
 1612. One day, when Sir Thomas Dale was Deputy Gover- 
 nor, a Spanish ship appeared off Point Comfort and asked 
 for a pilot. Captain James Davies, the commander there, 
 acceded to the request, and the Spaniard sailed away with 
 him, leaving three of their company on shore, one of whom 
 was discovered to be an English traitor who, in a.d. 1588, 
 had piloted the Spanish Armada to the coasts of England 
 and Ireland, and was subsequently hung by Dale.^ 
 
 Clark was taken to Spain and confined for some time in 
 the galleys, and after a long time released. 
 
 Cushman writes to Pastor Robinson on June 20, 1620: 
 "We have hired another pilote here, one Mr. Clarke, who 
 went last year to Virginia with a ship of Kine." This pilot, 
 John Clark, was the first to land upon the island in Ply- 
 mouth Harbor, where the Puritans from Leyden, on Decem- 
 ber 20 (N. S.), kept their first Christian Sabbath. Clark re- 
 turned in the May Flower to England, and on February 13, 
 
 ' Commission to Yeardley to settle a colony, in " Virginia MS Records "^ 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 ' Purchas, IV. Part, p. 1713. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 31 
 
 1621-2 (0. S.), Deputy Ferrar acquainted the Virginia Com- 
 pany' "that one, Mr. Jo. Clarke, being taken from Virginia 
 long since by a Spanish shippe that came to discouer that 
 plantacon, that forasmuch as he hath since that time doun the 
 Oompanie good service in many voidges to Virginia, and of 
 late went into Ireland for the transportation of cattle to 
 Virginia, he was an humble suitor to this Court that he 
 might be admitted a free brother of the Companie, and have 
 some shares of land bestowed upon him." In 1623 he 
 was employed by Daniel Gookin to carry some cattle in the 
 ship "Providence" to Virginia and there died. 
 
 Captain Thomas Jones, in 1623, died, after an eventful if 
 not honorable career. In 1617 he was sent out to the East 
 Indies by Sir Robert Eich. afterwards Earl of Warwick, in 
 command of a ship called the "Lion." Patrick Copland, 
 Chaplain of the ' ' Eoyal James, " of which Martin Pring was 
 the Captain, wrote to Sir Thomas Smith that " two English 
 pirates had been taken in chasing a junk at Grogo." Sir 
 Thomas Roe, Ambassador to the Great Mogul, sent a de- 
 spatch "that Sir Robert Rich and one Philip Bernardoe set 
 out two ships to take pirates, which is generally a pretence 
 for being pirates, and that near the end of the Red Sea they 
 had chased the Queen Mother's junk." Early in 1619, Jones 
 came home under arrest, and in the ' ' Transactions of the 
 East India Company," under date of January 31, 1619-20, 
 is this entry : ' ' Thomas Jones, a servant of Lord Warwick, 
 arrested by the Company for hiring away their men, but 
 now being employed to go to Virginia, with cattle, by his 
 Lordship, who desires his release, order is given to set him 
 
 Neill'B " Virginia Company," p. 133. 
 
32 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 at liberty, Lord Warwick engaging to answer for what 
 shall be objected against him." 
 
 On the 2d of February of the same year the Virginia Com- 
 pany allowed a commission to Captain Jones, of the " Fal- 
 con," to go to Virginia with fifty -two kine, four mares, and 
 thirty passengers. 
 
 His voyage to the New England coast in the latter part of 
 1620. as captain of the " May Flower," is well known. On 
 the 21st of November, 1621 (0. S.), he was commissioned 
 by the Virginia Company as master of the " Discovery," a 
 vessel of sixty tons, to trade for furs in the Delaware and 
 Hudson Rivers. Upon the 18th of April, 1622, he arrived 
 at Jamestown. On the 17th of July, in the Virginia Com- 
 pany of London, "a motion was made in the behaffe of 
 Captaine Thomas Jones, Captaine of the 'Discovery,' nowe 
 imployed in Virginia fur trade and ffishinge, that he might 
 be admitted a ffreeman of this Companie." The Council 
 of New England, in London, on December 22, complained 
 to the Virginia Company that during the summer Captain 
 Jones had robbed some Indians of furs, and taken others 
 captives, who, however, escaped by the ship running 
 aground. In August, Jones visited the Puritans, at Ply- 
 mouth. Bradford, in his " History of the Plymouth Plan- 
 tation," writes: "Behold another providence of God; a 
 ship comes into y" harbor, one Captain Jones being cheefe 
 therin. They were set out by some marchants to discovere 
 all y" harbors betweene Virginia and y" shoulds of Cape 
 Cod, and to trade along ye coast wher they could. This 
 ship had store of English beads, which were then good 
 trade, and some knives, but would sell none but at dear 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 33 
 
 rates, and also a good quantie togather. Yet they were 
 glad of y" occasion, and faine to buy at any rate ; they were 
 f aine to give after y° rate of cente per cente if not more, and 
 yet pay away coat-beaver at 3s. per lb. , which in a few yeares 
 after yielded 20s. By this means they were fitted againe to 
 trade for beaver & other things, and intended to buy what- 
 ever they could. 
 
 "But I will here take liberty to make a little digression. 
 There was in this ship a gentleman by name Mr. John 
 Poory ; he had been Secretarie in Virginia, and was now 
 going home, passenger in this ship." 
 
 Winslow wrote: Captain Jones "used us kindly, he made 
 us pay largely for the things we had." 
 
 The Grovernor and Council of Virginia, on the 20th of 
 January, 1622-3 (0. S-), wi'ote'- to the London Company : 
 " And as for the fur voiadge we cannott resolue you, Oapt. 
 Jhones being nott yett retorned." 
 
 In 1625 he entered the Chesapeake Bay with a Spanish 
 frigate, which he declared he had taken under a commission 
 from the United Provinces, which had been given to Captain 
 Powell. He brought with him a negro named Brass, and 
 soon after died. The first question as to the legal status of 
 the negro in North America arose in connection with Brass, 
 and when there were not thirty persons of African descent 
 in Virginia. Thomas Jefferson refers to the case in a small 
 volume of reports published at Charlottesville, Va. The 
 General Court in October, 1625, ordered that he should be- 
 long to Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor, notwithstanding any 
 
 " Neill's " Virginia Company," p. 373. 
 5 
 
34 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 rule by Captain Jones, or any challenge by the ship's com- 
 pany. 
 
 Manuscripts recently printed give additional particulars 
 as to the landing of negroes in Virginia. 
 
 The "Treasurer," Captain Daniel Elfrith, arrived at Ber- 
 mudas just as the "Blessing" w^as leaving the harbor for 
 England with Grovernor Daniel Tucker. In a " History of 
 the Bermudas," printed from manuscript written about A.D. 
 1623, by the Hakluyt Society in 1882, and edited by Lefroy, 
 the following occurs concerning the "Treasurer:" "Sent 
 out she was by Captaine ArgoU from Virginia, where he 
 was then Gouernor, under a pretence of tradeinge all alongst 
 the coast for skinnes, and at the Virgin and Sauuage Hands 
 for goates, but some of his people comeing abord the 
 ' Blessinge, ' by some speeches unaduisedly let falne, begett 
 a suspicion in Captaine Tucker of a farther project than 
 was openly pretended." 
 
 The captain was kindly entertained by Kendall, G-over- 
 nor Tucker's successor, remained six weeks, and received a 
 large supply of corn. 
 
 About the last of July, 1619, a frigate appeared at Ber- 
 mudas, ' ' knowen to be a good f eUowe, manned for the most 
 part with English, who haueing played some she partes in 
 the West Indies, and so gotten some purchase, part whereof 
 consisted of negroes, a welcome for a most necessary com- 
 moditie for thes Hands, she offered to leaue and giue them 
 to the Gouernour, so he would be pleased to admit her 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOJRUM. 35 
 
 ingresse and egresse.'" Kendall received fourteen negroes 
 for privileges granted.^ 
 
 Fourteen days after another " handsome pinnace, manned 
 for the most part with Dutch, and some two or three Eng- 
 lish," entered the Bermudas harbor. Shortly after this, 
 after the middle of August, 1619, the "Treasurer," for the 
 second time, enters the harbor. 
 
 The Hakluyt Society Publication also mentions " how the 
 ' Treasorour,' hauevinge bin upon the coast at Captain 
 Tucker goeiuge awaye, was admitted by Kendall, and so 
 went to the West Indies, from whence she returned to Vir- 
 ginia, when, not likeinge her entertainment, she conveyeth 
 herself e awaye secretly, and shapeth her course for the Hands 
 a second time, and arriveth extremely poore, hauing all her 
 upper works so rotten as she was utterly unable " to go to 
 sea again. 
 
 The Dutch or Flemish frigate was at Jamestown during 
 the month of September, 1619, and was recognized as the 
 consort of the " Treasurer," both holding commissions from, 
 the Duke of Savoy. The first negroes were said to have- 
 been aU landed from this vessel, although in the census of 
 1624^26, Angelo, a negro woman belonging to Captain Wil- 
 liam Pierce or Peirce, the father-in-law of the late John 
 Eolf e, is marked^ as having arrived in the ' ' Treasurer. " 
 
 During the year 1625, before the Earl of Essex sailed for 
 Cadiz, there was fear that sympathizers with Spain might be 
 
 ' Hakluyt Society Publications. 
 » See " Virginia Vetusta," p. 113. 
 3 Hotten, p. 234. 
 
36 VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 among the sailors who arrived in the James Eiver. Upon 
 January 11, 1624-5 (0. S.), the Governor and Council of 
 Virginia^ wrote to England that Simon Tuchin, the Master 
 of the ship " Due Eeturne," who had been banished out of 
 Ireland because he was strongly affected to Popery, had been 
 examined, and that they thought he would be dangerous to 
 the Colony should he become a pilot to the foreign country, 
 and they suspected he would go to the Spaniards in the West 
 Indies. In England, in June, 1625, he declared to the Privy 
 Council that he had not taken soundings of the rivers and 
 harbors of Virginia as had been charged, and asked for 
 release.^ 
 
 In the fleet that appeared before Cadiz in November, 1625, 
 were two captains who had been identified with the settle- 
 ment of Virginia. John Harvey was captain of the ' 'Friend- 
 ship," of three hundred and eleven tons, with fifty-seven 
 sailors and one hundred and sixty-four landsmen. Sir Sam- 
 uel Argall, knighted in 1622, was captain of the "Swift 
 Sure, " a large vessel of about nine hundred tons, and carry- 
 ing two hundred and fifty men, with also the Earl of Essex 
 on board.' The large fleet to which they belonged was un- 
 
 ' Sainsbury, p. 73. 
 
 " There had always been a few arrivals from Ireland. As early as August 
 1609, a proposition was made to the Earl of Salisbury by Sir Richard Moryson 
 to send Irish pirates to Virginia. His words were : " Should his Lordship please 
 to allow of them employed in the intended plantation of Virginia, which he has 
 not yet motioned to them, ]ie thinks good use might be made of them for the 
 present there, both in defending them now in the beginning, and if they be dis- 
 turbed in their first setling in relieving their wants from time to time." — Gal, 
 State Papers, Ireland, 1608-1610. 
 
 3 Glanville's Cadiz, Camden Soc. Pub., 1883. 
 
VIItGI]SriA GABOLOBUM. 37 
 
 successful, and on December 11, 1625, had returned to Kin- 
 sale harbor. A letter written on January 28, 1626, has the 
 following ;! "The Master of the 'Swift Sure, ' very back- 
 ward and very cross, as the report goes, to his captain. Sir 
 Samuel ArgoU,^ which broke his heart, and a few days since 
 he died." 
 
 The father of Governor Wyatt died in September, 1625, 
 and he asked permission to return to England, which was 
 granted. The commission of his successor, dated March 
 4, 1625-6, uses this language:^ "Whereas our late i-oyal 
 Father upon information that George Wyatt, Esquire, the 
 father of the said Sir Francis Wyatt, was then lately deceased 
 in the realm of Ireland, whereof happily the said Sir Francis 
 Wyatt might desire to return into England about his own 
 private occasions, which our said Father, notwithstanding 
 the great and weighty importance of his affairs in that 
 country, was graciously inclined to yield unto, if himself 
 should so desire, as occasions shall require." The commis- 
 sion then continues, ' ' Now know y" that We, Taking into 
 our princely consideration the care and providence of our 
 late Eoyal Father having respect to the good of that Plan- 
 tation so happily begun, which we conceive to be a business 
 of that consequence which we ought to encourage, and by 
 all good means to bring to perfection, we being forced by 
 many other urgent occasions in respect of our late access 
 
 ' Cal. State Papers, Domestic. 
 
 = His daughter Ann, married Samuel Perceval. On June 25, 1641, he and his 
 wife complain to the House of Commons that they have been deprived by John 
 Woodhall, of property in Virginia, left by the father, Sir Samuel Argall. 
 
 - Eymer, vol. xvlii. The spelling modernized. 
 
38 VIRGINIA OAROLORUM. 
 
 unto the Crown to continue the same means that was for- 
 merly thought fit for the maintenance of the Plantation, 
 until we would find some more convenient means upon 
 mature advice to give more ample directions for the same, 
 and reposing assured trust and confidence in the under- 
 standing, care, fidelity, experience, and circumspection of 
 you, the said Sir Yardley [YeardleyJ, Francis West, John 
 Harvey, George Sandys, John Pott, Eoger Smith, Ealph 
 Hamor, Samuel Matthews, Abraham Percy [Piersey], Wil- 
 liam Olayborne, William Tucker, Jabez Whitacres, Edward 
 Blaney, and William Ferrar, have nominated and assigned, 
 and by these presents do nominate and assign you, the said 
 Sir George Yardley, to be the present Governor, and you, 
 the said John Harvey, and the rest before mentioned, to be 
 the present Council of and for the said Colony and Planta- 
 tion in Virginia, giving, and by these presents granting unto 
 you, and the greater number of you respectively, full power 
 and authority to perform and execute the places, powers, 
 and authorities incident to a Governor and Council of Vir- 
 ginia respectively, and to direct and govern, correct and 
 punish our subjects now inhabiting, or which shall hereafter 
 inhabit, or be in Virginia, . . . and to execute and perform 
 all and everything concerning that Plantation as fuUy and 
 amply as every Governor and Council resident there at any 
 time within the space of five years now last past. And be- 
 cause by the discovery of industrious and well-experienced 
 men, the limits of the said Plantation may be augmented," 
 they were authorized to grant commissions for discovery. 
 
 Provision was also made in the document, that in the case 
 of the death of Yeardley, John Harvey should be Governor, 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 39 
 
 and if he should also die, that then Francis West and fel- 
 low-councillors to choose one of their own number. 
 
 Yeardley and Harvey, who had already taken the oaths 
 before the Privy Council in England, were empowered to 
 administer the same to Francis West, John Pott, William 
 Tucker, Jabez Whitacre, Edward Blaney, and WiUiam Far- 
 row, [Ferrar.] Pott, Tucker, Whitacre, Blaney, and Ferrar 
 had never before been in the Council. 
 
 Dr. John Pott was recommended to the London Com- 
 pany by Theodore Gulston, the founder of the Gulstonian 
 Lectureship of the London College of Physicians. In the 
 minutes of the Virginia Company of July 16, 1621 (0. S.), 
 is this entry : " For so much as the Phisicons place to the 
 Company was now become voyde by reason of the untimely 
 death of Dr. Bohune, slaine in the fight with two Spanish 
 Shipps of Warr the 19th of March last, Doctor Gulstone 
 did now take occasion to recommend unto the Company for 
 the said place one M' Potts, a M' of Artes, well practised in 
 Chirurgerie and Physique, and expert allso in distilhnge of 
 waters." 
 
 Upon his arrival in Virginia, he soon showed a great fond- 
 ness for company and distilled waters, if George Sandys is 
 to be credited.' 
 
 ' "Mustek of Doctor John Pott, Jambs Citt. 
 
 Doctor John Pott, ) ^^^^^ j^ ^^^ q 
 M's Elizabeth Pott, J 
 
 Servants. 
 Richard Townshend, aged 19, in the AUgaUe, 1620. 
 Thomas Wilson, " 27, " " 
 
 Osmond Smith, " 17, " " BonaNom," 
 
 Susan Blackwood, maide servant" "Abigails, " 
 
40 VIRGINIA CAROIOBUM. 
 
 William Tucker had represented Kiccowtan, afterwards 
 Elizabeth City, in the Legislature of 1619, and in the winter 
 of 1623 led an expedition against the Eappahannock In 
 dians.^ 
 
 Edward Blaney came in 1621 as the factor of the London 
 Company. He married the widow of Captain William 
 
 <■ in Abigaile, 1630. 
 
 Men in the Maine. 
 
 Thomas Leister, aged 33 yeares, 
 
 Roger Stanley, " 27, 
 
 Thomas Pritohard, " 38, 
 
 Henry Crocker, " 34, 
 
 Thomas Crosse, " 22, 
 
 John Trye, " 30, 
 
 Randall Holt, " 18, in the George, 1630." 
 
 ' " Muster op Capt. William Tuckbk, Elizabeth Citt. 
 
 Capt. William Tucker, aged 36, in Mary & Jamei, 1610. 
 Mrs. Mary Tucker, aged 36, in the George, 1628. 
 Elizabeth, borne In Virginia in August. 
 
 Sbktants. 
 
 George Tomson, aged 17, i 
 
 Paula Tomson, " 14, [• in the George, 1633. 
 
 William Thomson, " 11, ) 
 
 Pascoe Champion, " 28, ) . ., „„ ^-n^ 
 
 ^ ' y in the Bllonor, 1631. 
 
 Strenght Sheere, " 33, ) 
 
 Thomas Evands, " 23, \ 
 
 Stephen Collowe, " 38, t in the George, 1623. 
 
 Robert Munday, " 18, ) 
 
 Matthew Robinson, aged 24, in Oreate Eopewell, 1628. 
 
 Richard Appleton, " 19, in the James, 1633. 
 
 John Morris, " 24," " Bona Nova, \Si9. 
 
 Mary Morris. " 33, " " George, 1628. 
 
 William Hutchinson, " 31, " " Diana, 1618. 
 
 Peeter Porter, " 30, " " Tyger, 1631 
 
 William Crawshaw, an Indean, baptised. 
 
 Antoney, Negro. 
 
 Isabel 1, " 
 
 William, theire child, baptised." 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 41 
 
 Powell, who in 1619 represented James City in the Legis- 
 lature.* 
 
 William Ferrar, also written Farrar, was a brother of 
 Nicholas, the Deputy Governor of Virginia Company, and 
 resided near the plantation of Cecilia, the widow of Samuel 
 Jordan, to whom he was attentive after the minister 
 Greville Pooley had received, as he alleged, a promise of- 
 marriage. In the Company's "Transactions," under the 
 date of April 21, 1624 (0. S.), is the following : " Papers 
 were read whereof one containing certain examinations 
 touching a difference between Mr. Pooley and Mrs. Jordan, 
 referred unto the Company for answer, and the Court en- 
 treated Mr. Purchas^ to confer with some civilians and 
 advise what answer was fit to be returiied in such a case." 
 
 ' In the list publislied by HottoD Is 
 
 " The Muster of M' Edwahd Blanbt. 
 M' Edward Blaney came in the Francis Bonaventure. 
 Servants. 
 
 Robert Bew, 
 
 aged 
 
 1 30, 
 
 came in 
 
 the Dutie. 
 
 John Russell, 
 
 
 19, 
 
 " 
 
 " Bona Nova. 
 
 Rice Watkins, 
 
 
 30, 
 
 " 
 
 " Francis Bonaventure. 
 
 Nathaniel Floid, 
 
 
 24, 
 
 i( 
 
 " Bona Nova. 
 
 George Rogers, 
 
 
 23, 
 
 " 
 
 U (I (( 
 
 John Shelley, 
 
 
 23, 
 
 tt 
 
 tt It (( 
 
 Thomas Ottowell, 
 
 
 40, 
 
 t< 
 
 ft (( It 
 
 Thomas Crouch, 
 
 
 40, 
 
 If 
 
 tt tt (( 
 
 Robert Sheppeard, 
 
 
 20, 
 
 r( 
 
 " Eopwell. 
 
 William Sawier, 
 
 
 18, 
 
 (( 
 
 tt (1 It 
 
 Robert Chauntrie, 
 
 
 19, 
 
 If 
 
 " Oeorge. 
 
 William Hartley, 
 
 
 23, 
 
 (( 
 
 " Gharlea. 
 
 Lawley Damport, 
 
 
 29, 
 
 " 
 
 " Duty. 
 
 William Ward, 
 
 
 20, 
 
 " 
 
 " Jonathan, 
 
 Jeremy White, 
 
 
 20, 
 
 " 
 
 " Tyger. 
 
 John Hacker, 
 
 
 17, 
 
 tt 
 
 •' Eopwell. 
 
 Robert Whitmore, 
 
 
 32, 
 
 ff 
 
 " Duty. 
 
 ' Samuel Purchas, a learned London divine, called the English Ptolemy, the 
 author of the Pilgrimage and Purchas his Pilgrimes. 
 
 6 
 
42 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 A few months later the Governor of Virginia issued the 
 following order concerning flirts: "Whereas, to the great 
 contempt of the majesty of God and ill example to others, 
 certain women within this Colony have, of late, contrary 
 to the laws ecclesiastical of the realm of England, con- 
 tracted themselves to two several men at one time, whereby 
 much trouble doth grow between parties, and the Governor 
 and Council of State much disquieted: To prevent the like 
 offense to others, it is by the Governor and Council ordered 
 in Court that every minister give notice in his church, to 
 his parishioners, that what man or woman soever shall use 
 any words or speech tending to the contract of marriage 
 though not right and legal, yet may so entangle and breed 
 struggle in their consciences, shall for the third offense 
 undergo either corporal punishment, or the punishment by 
 fine or otherwise according to the guilt of the persons so 
 offending.'" 
 
 In Yeardley's commission was also this clause : ' ' And 
 forasmuch as the affairs of the said Colony and Plantation 
 
 ' 1 Muster op M' William Pbbbar, & M's Jordan, Jordans Jobnby, 
 Charles Cittie. 
 William Ferrar, aged 31, in the Neptuve, August, 1618. 
 Sisley Jordan, " 34, " Swan, August, 1010. 
 Mary Jordan, aged 3 years, \ 
 Margrelt Jordan, aged 1, L borne lieare. 
 Temperance Baley, "7, ) 
 
 Sbkvants. 
 William Dawson, aged 35, in the Discouery, March, 1631 [O. S.] 
 
 Robert Turner, 
 
 • 26 ' 
 
 Tnjall, June, 1619. 
 
 John Hely, 
 
 ' 34, ' 
 
 Oharles, November, 1631. 
 
 Robert Manuell, 
 
 ■ 35, ' 
 
 Charles, November, 1631. 
 
 Roger Preston, 
 
 ' 31, ■• 
 
 Discouerie, March, 1631. 
 
 Thomas Williams, 
 
 ' 34, " 
 
 Duiie, May, 1018. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 43 
 
 may necessarily require some person of quality and trust to 
 bo employed as Secretary for the writing and answering of 
 such letters as shall be from time to time directed or sent 
 from the said Governor and Council of the Colony aforesaid, 
 our will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents nomi- 
 nate and assign you, the said William Clayborne,' to become 
 Secretary of State, and for the said Colony and Plantation 
 of Virginia, residing in those parts." 
 
 Upon the 6th of April, 1626, Wyatt was still at James- 
 town, and signed with his councillors, Francis West, Hamor, 
 Roger Smith, Abraham Peirsey, and Clayborne (Claiborne), 
 a communication to the Commissioners in England, in which 
 a mention is made of the arrival of the ship "Virgin" of 
 Southampton, on the 23d of March, with letters of the 2ith 
 of October. It also refers to the Colony in these words: 
 " Nothing hath bine longe more earnestly desired than the 
 setling of the affaires of the Colony as well for the govern- 
 ment as other wayes, neither could there haue bine a greater 
 incouragement to the Planter than to understand it to be 
 his Maiestie's gratious pleasure that no person of whom 
 they have heretofore iustlie complayned should have any 
 hand in the gouerment, either here or there. And wee 
 humbly desire your Lordshipps to solicitt his Maiestie (if it 
 bee not alreadie done) for the speedie accomplishment 
 
 ' Cleborne, Cleyborne, Clayborne, Claiborne. William, the 2(i son of Edward 
 Clybourne, of Westmoreland, was born 1587, married Jane BuUer, of London^ 
 died 1676. Had three sons. William, of Romancock, Thomas, Leonard, died 
 in the West Indies 1694, and a daughter, Mary. See O'Hart. 
 
 Claiborne was the first Secretary in Virginia appointed by the King. Pory 
 and Davison, his predecessors, had been elected by the London Company. On 
 a brass memorial tablet in Cliburn Church, near Penrith, Westmorelandshire, 
 is the following : "Insuper et in memoriam Gulielmi de Cleyborne seu Claiborne 
 primi e Secretis Colonise Virginiensis qui anno vixit MDCXXVIL" 
 
44 VIRGIRIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 thereof, the rather because the Gouerner's necessary occa- 
 sions require his present retourne." 
 
 The letter also expresses pleasure at the intelligence that 
 every man will have his rights preserved and request was 
 made for five hundred soldiers, with a year's provisions for 
 discovery and protection. 
 
 Instructions were issued to Yeardley, as the successor of 
 Wyatt, to see that new-comers were properly entertained, 
 that merchants were not to be forced to take tobacco at 3s. 
 per pound for their goods, and that Indians were not 
 allowed to enter planters' houses without license. 
 
 It was not, however, until after the middle of May that 
 Wyatt sailed for England.* 
 
 On the 24th of April, 1626, King Charles issued a conces- 
 sion, in which he relates that ' ' our trusty and well-beloved 
 George Sandys, Esquier, hath with great care and industiy 
 translated into English verse the fifteen books of Ovid's 
 Metamorphoses, which he hath to his great charge caused 
 to be imprinted and made ready to be published in print, 
 rather for the dehght and profit of our living subjects, than 
 for the hope of any great benefit to be by him reaped there- 
 by, and hath humbly besought us to vouchsafe him a privi- 
 lege for the sole printing of the said work for such term of 
 years as we should think fit and convenient, bhe better to 
 encourage him and others to employ their labors and studies 
 in good literature," and then grants him the privilege to 
 print and sell the same for twenty- one years. 
 
 ' In Aug ast he was in England, and a warrant was ordered " to Sir Francis 
 Wyat, latB Unvernor in Virginia, to import 10,000 weight of tobacco custom 
 free."— Cal. Stale Papers, Bom., pp. 408, 409. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOnUM. 45 
 
 Sandys had been engaged on this translation for several 
 years. Drayton's poem to George Sandys, Treasurer of the 
 Colony of Virginia, would seem to indicate that five books 
 had been prepared before he went to Jamestown. 
 
 " Go on with Ovid as you have begun 
 With the first five books ; let your numbera run 
 Glib as the former, so shall it live lonj;, 
 And do much honour to the English tongue. 
 
 If you vouchsafe rescription, stuflt your quill 
 With natural bounties, and impart your skill 
 In the description of the place, that I 
 May become learned in the soil thereby ; 
 Of noble Wyat's health, let me hear 
 The Governor ; and how our people there 
 Increase and labour, and what supplies are sent, 
 Which I confess shall give me much content ; 
 But you may save your labour, if /ou please, 
 To write to me aught of your savages, 
 As savage slaves be in Great Britain here. 
 As any one you Ciin show me there. 
 And thougli for this I'll ^ay I do not thirst, 
 Tet I should like it well to be the first, 
 Whose numbers hence into Virginia flew. 
 So, noble Sandys for this time, adieu." 
 
 In a letter' to Samuel Wrote, Esq., of London, dated 
 March 28, 1623, Sandys alludes to the completion of two i 
 more books of Ovid, in these words : " If I could be proud, 
 your censure had so made me, for that slothfuU worke w"*" 
 I was ashamed to father, notwithstanding it begot a desire 
 to proceed, but heare my own Author.''" 
 
 ' necplura sinit temiiusqu- pudorque 
 
 Dicere ; majus opus magni certamiuis urget.' 
 
 ' Neill's " Virginia Vetusta," Munsell's, 1885, pp. 134, 135. 
 
 • Ovid. Book VIII., lines 388, 389. 
 
 " Neither time and glory allow more, 
 A greater work of great importance impels." 
 
46 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 Yet amongst the roreing of these as, the rusthng of the 
 shrowdes, and clamour of Saylers I translated two books, 
 and will perhaps, when the sweltering heat of the day con- 
 fines me to my Chamber, give a further essaye, for which if 
 I be taxt I have noe other excuse but that it was the recrea- 
 con of my idle howers, and say with Alciat,— '. 
 
 " Dum pueras inquilanas invenes dum tessera fallit, 
 Desinet et segnea chartula picta vires 
 Haec uos festivis emblemata adimus horis." 
 
 In the fall of 1626, Capt. John Preen, in the ship " Peter 
 and John," arrived with provisions and passengers, and also 
 brought ten barrels of powder for defence of the plantation, 
 sent over by the Commissioners. Among the passengers 
 were Thomas Willoughby and John Pollington, old colo- 
 nists returning from a visit to England. Willoughby, when 
 a boy nine years old, in 1610, first arrived in Virginia, and 
 Pollington had been a member of the first legislature, which, 
 in 1619, met at Jamestown. The next year Preen made an- 
 other voyage to Virginia. In 1627, the ship " Temperance," 
 Capt. Marmaduke Rayner, sailed for England, with Samuel 
 Sharpe, who had been in the colony since 1610, and twelve 
 other passengers. A letter written in England, dated 
 August 18th of this year, mentions that "there are many 
 ships going to Virginia, and with them fourteen or fifteen 
 
 ' Andreas Alciati, born in Milan, a.d. 1492, died at Pavia, A.D. 1550, was the 
 author of " Sacra Emblemata," published in Venice, in 1546, by the Sons of 
 Aldus. Andrew Willet, a Puritan, was born in Ely, Cambridgeshire, a fellow 
 of Cambridge, and chaplain to Prince Henry, died Dec. 4, 1621, aged 59 years, 
 and was buried at Barley. He was the author of" Sacrorum Embleraatum Cen- 
 taria una," chiefly from Andrew Alciatus. To this Sandys refers. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 4? 
 
 hundred children, w'ch they have gathered up in divers 
 places." 
 
 In April, 1627, Gov. Yeardley and Council ' wrote to the 
 Privy Council that the people are disheartened by the intel- 
 hgence that a Mr. Anis has made a contract for their to- 
 bacco, and " they earnestly entreat that free trade and the 
 sole importation of tobacco may be continued, and Spanish 
 tobacco excluded. They ask the Commissioners not to let 
 them fall into the hands of avaricious and cruel men, whose 
 exorbitant and wide consciences project and digest the ruin 
 of the plantation for profit and gain to themselves." 
 
 The King sent back by William Capps, an old planter, 
 a letter in which he urged varied planting, and told them 
 "that this plantation is wholly built upon smoke, tobacco 
 being the only means it hath produced." 
 
 On the 9th of August, 1627; Charles the First declared 
 "his final resolution touching all sorts of tobacco." All 
 plants in England, Wales, and Ireland were to be de- 
 stroyed, and no tobacco imported from Spain. To prevent 
 the planters of Virginia and Bermudas giving " themselves 
 over to the planting of tobacco only to make a present 
 return of profit, and neglect to apply themselves to solid 
 commodities fit for the establishing of colonies will utterly 
 destroy these colonies" the King ordered that no tobacco 
 should be imported into England without a special license.^ 
 
 In November, Grovernor Yeardley passed from earth. 
 Although the hangers-on at Court were vexed at his promo- 
 
 ' Sanisbury, I. 84. 
 
 ■■ Rymer, Vol. XVIII. pp. 931, 923. 
 
48 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 tion, and called him ' ' a mean fellow" because he had no 
 title, and was the brother of Ealph the London Apothecary, 
 he proved a good man, an enterprising citizen, and loyal 
 subject. His will was made October 12, 1627 ; Abraham 
 Peirsey, of the Council, William Claiborne, Secretary of 
 the Colony, and Susanna Hall, a servant, being witnesses.' 
 To his wife. Temperance, he left his plate, linen, and all 
 household stuff, and ordered his notes, debts, servants, and 
 " negars " to be sold, and the moneys therefrom to be divided 
 into three parts : one for the widow, one for elder son Ar- 
 goU, and the third to be divided between his son Francis, 
 and daughter Elizabeth. 
 
 ' N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, January, 1884. 
 
CHAPTEE II. 
 
 AFFAIRS FROM A. D., 1638 TO 1630. 
 
 Dbath Of Abraham Pibrsey. Rossingham, Yeaedlet's nephew. 
 Francis West acting Govbenoe. Capt. Henet Fleet, ex- 
 plorer OB THE Potomac River. Immigrant ship wrecked. 
 
 Ship Tempbeance. Legislature op A.D., 1628, CosfDiTioN op 
 White Servants. Arrival op Negroes. Narrative op Wil- 
 liam Peircb. Lord B^^ltimore's visit. Virginia Council's 
 
 LETTER ABOUT LoRD BALTIMORE. WlPB OF BALTIMORE. JaMBS- 
 
 TOWN, IN A.D., 1629. Indian hostility. Grant op Caro- 
 LANA to Sir. Robert Heath. 
 
 BRAHAM Piersey, also speUed Peirsey, of Pier- 
 sey's Hundred, councillor, w^ho had signed Gov- 
 ernor Yeardley's will as a witness, in a few 
 months, also, departed from earth. He came 
 to Virginia a widower, and in 1623, his two daughters 
 came out from England. This year Nathaniel West, a 
 brother of Lord Delaware, died at West and Shirley Hun- 
 dred, leaving a widow Frances, and infant Nathaniel. 
 After January, 1625, the widow West became the wife of 
 Piersey. By his will, she became sole executrix, and his 
 " weU beloved friends Mr. Grevill Pooley Mynister, and Mr. 
 
 Eicha.rd Kingsmill of James Citty Island genteUmen " were 
 1 
 
50 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 made overseers "to be as helpefuU and aydinge unto my exe- 
 cutrix in all things to the uttermost of theire power." 
 
 He directed that his body should be "decently buryed 
 without any pompe or vayne glorie in the garden plote where 
 my new frame doth stand.'" 
 
 Governor Yeardley in 1618, brought his nephew, Edmund 
 Eossingham, to Virginia, and that year sent him to trade 
 for corn, for three months with the Indians of Chesapeake 
 Bay. He was accompanied by John Martin, and the voy- 
 age was profitable. The next year, his uncle sent him to 
 New Foundland, for fish, and in 1621, he was sent to Hol- 
 land, to dispose of the Grovernor's tobacco, and in 1623, went 
 again to that country, as factor for Grovernor Yeardley. 
 After his uncle's death, he demanded that Ealpli Yeardley, 
 the brother of the Governor, residing in London, should pay 
 him for certain of his cattle in Virginia which he alleged 
 his uncle had used. The matter was referred, by the Privy 
 Council of England, to Thomas Gibbs and Samuel Wrote. 
 In their report they write that Ealph Yeardley ' ' the 
 Deft'e delyvered his answeare in writinge which he desired 
 might be presented to yo' Lor'^'i" and therefore wee have 
 annexed the originale itself, wherein the Defte pretends him- 
 selfe to be ignorante of any buisinesses the peticoner was 
 ymployed in by Sir George Yardeley, or of any stock of 
 cattle of the peticoners remayninge in Sir George Yardley's 
 handes. Notwithstaodinge it appeared by I'res under the 
 
 ' A copy of the will, in 1634, was sent to England attested by, " Ben. Harry- 
 son" Clerk of the Council. The will in fnll is printed in the Appendix. 
 
VIMGIJSriA CABOLOBUM. 51 
 
 Deft'" owne handes directed to the peticoner in Zealande to 
 dispatch Sir George Yardley's affayres there, and to come 
 over to follow them there. And the Deft further alleadged 
 that Sir Greorge Yardley payde the Def" himselfe £ i j f or a 
 cowe of the peticoners before his last going over in 1626; 
 and offered to make proof of it to us the Referrees, where - 
 uppon wee gave him a new meetinge to produce his proofes, 
 but before the tyme appointed hee came to us, and wayved 
 his proofes, and sayde he would make us no other proofes, nor 
 defences but what hee had formerly dely vered in writeinge. 
 The Def '" and wee the Referees pressed the peticoner to ren- 
 der a reason why hee did not legally question Sir George Yar- 
 dley for a perfect accompte at his last beinge in Englande to 
 which the peticoner answered : That Sir George Yardeley 
 had no means then in Englande to make him satisfaccon, 
 and further that he was protected by your Lor''"'" for one 
 whole yeare before the end of which tyme he went for Vir - 
 ginia. " 
 
 The referees decided that the nephew could recover noth- 
 ing under the law of England.' 
 
 In the commission issued to Yeardley it was provided 
 that in case of his death, John Harvey, should be acting 
 Governor, and after him, Francis West. Harvey, when 
 the news of Yeardley's death was received in England, was 
 in the naval service under the Duke of Buckingham, and 
 therefore Francis West, a brother of the late Lord Dela- 
 ware, became Governor. He had long been identified with 
 
 » Colonial Papers, Public Record Office, London, Vol. V., No. 15. 
 
52 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 the Colony and by birth, education, and experience was 
 adapted for the of3fice.* 
 
 During the year 1627, the London Merchants were sur- 
 prised by the arrival of Henry Fleet from Virginia, who 
 had been in captivity for several years among the Indians 
 of the Potomac, the site of whose former dwelling place is 
 not far from the monument of Washington, in the capital 
 of the Eepublic. He was one of the expedition of twenty 
 six men, who under Henry Spelman, early in 1623, went to 
 trade for beaver and corn with the Anacostan and other 
 Indian bands between Potomac Creek, and the Falls of the 
 Potomac. The pinnance in which they sailed, belonged to 
 John Pountis, a well known colonist. Spelman, Fleet, and 
 twenty of their companions went ashore, presuming on the 
 
 ' Henry Spelman ia his Belalion of Virginia, a manuscript first published by 
 James P. Hunnewell at the Chiswick Press, London, in 1873, gives incidents of 
 West's early career in Virginia. He wi'ites : " I was caried by Capt. Smith our 
 Presidant to ye litell Powhatan where unknowne to me he sould me to him for 
 a towne called Powhatan and leavinge me wth him, he made knowne to Capt. 
 Weste, how he had bought a toune for them to dwell in * * * desiringe 
 that Captaine West would come & settle himself there, but Captaine Weste hauing 
 bestowed cost to begine a toune in another place misliked it ; and uukindnesB 
 thereuppon ariseing between them Capt. Smith at that time replied litell but 
 afterward conspired wth the Powhatan to kill Capt. Weste, wch plott took 
 but small effect, for in ye meantime Capt. Smith was aprehended, and send 
 abord for England." 
 
 Edward Winslow in a Relation pubhshed in 1634, in London, wrote : " Cap. 
 tain Francis West ben in New England about the latter end of May past 
 [1633], sailed from thence to Virginia, nnd returned in August. In September, 
 the same ship and Company being discharged by him at Damarins Cove came 
 to New Plymouth, whereupon our earnest inquiry after the state of Virginia 
 since that bloody slaughter committed by the Indians upon our friends and 
 countrymen, the whole ship's company agreed that upon all occasion they 
 chased the Indians to and fro, insomuch as they sued daily into the English for 
 peace, who for the present would not admit of any, that Sir George Early 
 [Yeardley] was at that present employed upon service against them." 
 
VIMGINIA CABOLOBUM. 53 
 
 friendship of the savages, and while absent, the vessel with 
 only five on board, was surrounded by Indians in canoes, 
 some of whom clambered on to the deck, to the surprise of 
 the sailors, one of whom, at random, fired a cannon, which 
 frightened the assailants, who jumped overboard and went 
 ashore. The sailors then heard the noise of conflict, and 
 soon saw a man's head roll down the bank when they 
 weighed anchor and returned to Jamestown.' Spelman 
 was among the slain, and Meet was taken prisoner. 
 
 Edward Hill of EUzabeth City on the Mth of April, 1623, 
 wrote^ to his brother John, a mercer of Lombard street, 
 London,' that " more than 400 persons had perished in the 
 first massacre [March, 1631], more than 20 in the second ; 
 and a pinance, shallop, and a small boat, with twenty-six 
 men had been cut off on March 23, by the Indians, and that a 
 great famine was imminent, for the colonists had not been 
 " suffered to plant as much corn as they would," and were 
 afraid " to step out of doors either for wood or water." 
 
 Mede, the great scholar at Cambridge University, on the 
 eighth of June, 1627, received a letter from London, with 
 these words: "Here is one, whose name is Fleet, newly 
 come from Virginia, who being lately ransomed from the 
 Indians, with whom he hath long lived, till he hath left his 
 own language, reputeth he hath often times been within 
 
 ' Smith's General History. 
 
 ' Eighth Report Boyal CommiBslon on Historical Manuscripts. Appendix, p. 
 41. 
 
 * Richard Boyle of London married his sister. He was probably the Edward 
 Hill of Elizabeth City, buried on May 15, 1624. 
 
54 VIRGINIA CABOLORVM. 
 
 sight of the South Sea; that he hath seen Indians besprin- 
 kle their paintings with powder of gold; that he had like- 
 wise seen rare precious stones among them, and plenty of 
 black fox, which of all others is the richest fur." 
 
 Quick witted, fond of trade, and adventure. Fleet's resi- 
 dence among the sav^es for several years, made him use- 
 ful to London merchants disposed to send goods to the 
 Indian tribes, and valuable as an interpreter, to the colonists. 
 William Cloberry and associates, were impressed by his 
 description, and gave him in September, 1627, the command 
 of the 'Paramour,' a vessel of one hundred tons. By his 
 exertions, a trade was opened between the Massachusetts 
 settlement and Potomac river. 
 
 A ship containing some planters, and their servants, 
 chiefly Irish, on their way to Virginia after a boisterous 
 voyage in the beginning of winter, 1626-7, ran aground in 
 Barnstable Bay. The principal persons were Fell and 
 Sibsie or Silsby. 
 
 The Governor of Plymouth Colony visited the wreck, pro- 
 vided for the sufferers, and until they could make arrange- 
 ments to go to Virginia, they were allowed land to cultivate 
 for their benefit. Puritan sentiment was shocked when 
 common rumour charged Fell with living with one of his ser- 
 vants, and treating her as a concubine, and he to avoid arrest 
 ran away with her, in a small boat to Cape Ann, and from 
 thence to Massachusetts Bay. Toward the latter end of 
 summer the whole party were carried in two barks to Vir- 
 ginia, and, writes Bradford, "have acknowledged their 
 thankfulness since." 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOMUM. 55 
 
 Private planters began to take their tobacco to England. 
 The ship ' 'Temperance" probably built in Virginia and named 
 in compliment to the wife of Governor Yeardley, com- 
 manded by Marmaduke Eayner, who had piloted in 1619, 
 to Jamestown, the Dutch vessel which brought the first 
 negroes, in 1628, arrived at Southampton, with the old 
 planter Samuel Sharpe, who had com* to Virginia in 1610, 
 with Gates and Somers, and twelve other colonists. As 
 they were unable to pay the duty on their tobacco, they 
 begged, that it might be admitted free. 
 
 King Charles made a kind response to the memorial of the 
 Virginia authorities, in 1627, and by William Oapps, an old 
 settler, who had been on a visit to England, he sent over 
 instructions allowing a General Assembly, and urging the 
 cultivation of staple commodities, as heretofore they had 
 depended too much "upon smoke." To Capps also was given 
 the privilege of erecting salt works. He arrived in Vir- 
 ginia on the 22d of February 1627-8 (0. S.), and on the 
 26th of the next month, the colonial legislature met^ the first 
 during the reign of Charles, and four or five days after, 
 Governor West left, on a visit to England. 
 
 During Governor Wests' term of office the principal topic 
 of discussion was the tobacco trade. The legislature of 
 1628, asked the king to take 500,000 pounds of tobacco, 
 properly inspected, at 3s 6d. per pound delivered in Virginia 
 clear of freight and customs, or at four shillings delivered in 
 England, the contract to continue for seven years, with the 
 privilege of disposing of their surplus in New England, 
 West Indies or Turkey, by paying the usual duty. 
 
 ' Thirty-one representatives were present. 
 
56 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 The Colony was supposed at that time to contain a popu- 
 lation of three thousand, and it was estimated that every 
 family could raise 200 pounds of tobacco, and each servant 
 125 pounds, in the aggregate 412, 500 pounds. It is quite 
 remarkable that the authorities should refer to the want of 
 pitch and tar. While near one of the best pine forest dis- 
 tricts in the world, they were without horses, had opened 
 no roads, depending upon boats for intercourse with the 
 plantations, and fearing to go far into the woods, lest they 
 should be attacked by Indians. 
 
 Henry the Fourth, Lord Delaware, was written to, asking 
 his influence, as his deceased father's had been given, and 
 the Earl of Dorset was thanked for the aid he had rendered 
 in annulling the contract of tobacco, and their friends in 
 England induced the House of Commons to write a letter to 
 the King' dated June 25, 1628, in which he was informed 
 that "by the patent granted by the late King the colonists 
 were free of customs except taxes upon their commodities 
 1£ per centum, but of late years these privileges had been 
 disregarded and that now 3£ per centum was imposed." 
 
 The demand for laborers in the tobacco fields continued to 
 increase. Any person going to Virginia, at his own charges, 
 and declared his intention to reside there, was entitled to 
 fifty acres of land, and an additional fifty for each member 
 of his family. If he brought other persons into the colony 
 at his own cost, he was also entit.ed to fifty acres for each 
 immigrant. He was liable to pay an annual quit rent of a 
 shilling for every fifty acres, and required to plant thereon 
 within three years from the date of the grant. Planters, 
 
 • 4tli Report Boyal Historical Commission. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 67 
 
 under these conditions, brought over a large number of in- 
 dentured white servants, ' while some of these were treated 
 
 ' The following is a servant's indenture which was printed in the Richmond 
 Standa/rd by R. A. Brock, Secretary of Virjjiuia Historical Society, from a tran- 
 script of the original, owned by W. Bushell of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 " This writeing indented made the fl&rst day of July Anno dom 1628 And in 
 the yare of tlie regne of our sovraigne Lord Charles by the grace of god King 
 of England Scotland fFrance and Ireland defender of the faith Etc. Betweene 
 John Logward of Bling in the County of Surry husbandman of th one party 
 And Edward hurd Cittizein and Ironmonger of London of the other party. 
 WiTNESSBTH that the said John Logward hath hired himselfe and is become and 
 by theis prsle doth Covenant and agree and bind himselfe to be remayne and 
 Continue the Obedient Servant of him the said Edward hurd his heires and 
 assignes and to be by him or them sente transported unto to the Countrey and 
 land of Virginia in the parts beyond the seas to be by him or them employde 
 upon his plantation there for and dureing the space of ffour yeares to begin 
 from the day of the date of theis prste dureing ye said terme the said John Log- 
 ward shall and will truely employ and endeavor himselfe to the uttermost by 
 his power knowledge and skill to doe and pforme true and faithful service unto 
 ye said Edward hurd his heires or essignes in for and conceiiteing all such 
 Laboures and businesses at he or they shall think good to use and ymploy him 
 ye said John Logward in And shall and wilbe tractable and obedient and a good 
 and a faithful servant onyst to be in all such thinge at shall be Comanded him by 
 the said Edward hurd his heires or assignes in Virginia aforesaid or elsewhere 
 dureing the said service In consideracon whereof the said Edward hurd lor him- 
 selfe his heires executours and administrators and assignes and for any of them 
 doth Covenant p-mise and graunt To and for ye said John Logward his heires 
 executours administrators and assignes by theis prste that he the said Edward 
 hurd his heires executours administrators or assignes shall and will (att his and 
 their one charge) transporte and furnishe to the said John Logward to and for 
 Virginia aforesaid and these find p-vide and allowe unto him sustenance meate 
 drink apparaell and other necessaryes for his livelyhood and sustenance during 
 the said service In Witnesse whereof the said pties to this writeing have in 
 dented interchangeably have sett their handes and seales unto this bond above 
 written. 
 
 " Ye marke of X John Logward 
 
 [seal.] 
 
 " Sealed and deliverede 
 in ye prsnce of 
 
 " Tho. Thomnson servt 
 and Jo Davies his servant " 
 
58 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 with kindness, others received no more consideration than 
 "dumb, driven cattle.'" 
 
 During the summer of 1619, the consort of the ship 
 "Treasurer" landed about twenty "negars" in the lan- 
 guage of a document of the period. When the census was 
 
 ' The suflferings of these white and occasionally intelligent servants were 
 often intense. In the appendix to the Eighth Report of Royal Historical Com- 
 mission is the following abstract of a letter from Martin's Hundred written in 
 April, 1623, by Richard Frethorne to his parents, every word of which seems to 
 weep. He wrote that since he landed he had eaten nothing "but pease and 
 lobbotly" "and had to wirk both early and late for a mess of water gruel and a 
 mouthful of bread and beef, a mouthful of bread, for a penny loaf must serve 
 for four meu." The people cried out day and night " Oh that they were in 
 England without their limbs * * * * though they begged from door to 
 door." 
 
 "He had nothing at all, not a shirt to his hackbut two rags, nor no clothes, but 
 one pool' suit, nor but one pair of shoes, but one pair of stockings, but one cap, 
 but two bands." His cloak had been stolen by one of his fellows, he had not a 
 penny to help him to " spice or sugar, or strong waters." He had ''eaten more 
 in a day, at home" than was now allowed him for a week,and his parents had often 
 given more than his present day's allowance, to a beggar at the door. Goodman 
 Jackson had been very kind to him, and marvelled much that he had been sent "a 
 servant to the Company." He begged his father to " redeem " him, or at least 
 send over provisions which might be sold at a profit especially cheese that might 
 be bought for 2^ or 3^ d. If his father could not afford this, he might " get a 
 gathering, and entreat some good folks to lay out some little money " for the 
 purpose. Unless the ship Sea Flower came shortly with provisions his masters' 
 men would have but half a penny loaf each for a day's food and might be 
 " Turned up fo the land, and eat barks of the trees, or moulds of the ground. 
 Oh I that you did see my daily and hourly sighs, groans, tears and thumps that 
 I afford mine own breast, and rue and curse the time of my birth with holy Job. 
 I thought no head had been able to hold so much water as hath, and doth daily 
 flow from mine eyes" 
 
 The Goodman Jackson was probably the John Jackson of Martin's Hundred 
 who with his wife and infant arrived in 1621, in the ship "Warwick." A few 
 months after this letter was written the unhappy writer died. In a list of 
 persons who died at Martins Hundred between April, 1638, and February 
 1624, HI pears the name it Richard Fethrain I'vidently a misprint for Frethorne, 
 Loblolly referred to in Frethorne's letter was a word in use among sailors for 
 gruel, chowder, or spoon meat 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 59 
 
 taken in January, 1625, there were only twenty persons of 
 the African race in Virginia, but during the government of 
 West, there was a large increase. Captain Arthur Guy, in 
 the ship " Fortune " of London, met and captured a slaver; 
 from the Angola coast, and brought many negroes to Vir- 
 ginia, and exchanged them for tobacco.* 
 
 During the year 1629, Governor West and several promi- 
 nent Virginians visited England, one of whom was the old 
 planter and pi-ominent colonist, William Pierce or Peirce, 
 whose daughter Jane, was the widow of the well known 
 John Rolfe. 
 
 Among the manuscripts of the Public Eecord office, in 
 London, is "A relation in generall of the present state of 
 his Ma''°' Colony in Virginia, by Oapt. William Perse, an 
 antient planter of twenty yeares standing there." The re- 
 lation is brief and in these words : " First for quantity ye 
 people, men, women & children, there are to the number of 
 between fower and five thousand English, being generally 
 well housed^in every plantati >■■, most plantations being well 
 stored w* head cattle, as likewise w* goates and swine in 
 abundance, and great store of poultry, the land abounding 
 all the year long w* Deer and wilde Turkeyes, and the rivers 
 
 ' Nicholas, Secretary of State, recei -p'' a letter, dated May 18, 1628, informinjf 
 him, that there had arrived at Cowes, a frigate from the " West India," taken by 
 Arthur Guy, of lnc '■ Fortune " ' London, with 900 or 1000 hides, 30 tons and 
 upward of ebony, and some Indian wi\-, and that tlie "Fortune" hath also 
 taken an Angola man with many negroes, which the captain bartered in Vir- 
 ginia for tobacco, which was sent home in a ship called the " Plantation." As 
 Winthrop was leaving England, on Easter Monday, March 39, 1630, over 
 against Yarmouth, he " met with a ship, the "Plantation," newly come from Vir- 
 ginia." — Savages Winthrop, Vol. 1., p. 8. 
 
60 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 in winter w* many sortes of wilde fowle, and in summer 
 w"" great variety of wholesome fishe. And the soile is so 
 fertile as by the industry of our people they may raise great 
 crops of corne both Indian and English. Besides, all fruits, 
 rootes, and herbes, out of England soe wonderfully prosper 
 there. The Colony under the favor of God, and of his 
 Ma''' hath bine raised to this heighth of people, and provi- 
 sions especially by the means of Tobacco, by which also they 
 must subsist for awhile untill by degrees they may fall 
 upon more stable comodiies, as upon salte, fishe, hempe 
 for cordage' flaxe for linnen and others. And as touching 
 timber for building of ships of all sortes, and mastes I have 
 heard many good Masters and Shipwrights affirm there can 
 not be found better in all the worlde, the Countrey aff ourding 
 also great quantity of pine trees for making of pitche & 
 tarre, and so may in short time abound with all materials 
 for building & rigging of ships. For our defense against 
 the natives every plantation is armed with convenient num- 
 ber of muskettiers to the number of two thousand shott, 
 and upwards, but against a forrein enemy there is no man- 
 ner of fortification (w'''' is our greatest wante) wee of our- 
 selves not beeing able to under take the chardge thereof. As 
 for the natives Sasapen is the chief, over all those people in- 
 habiting upon the rivers next unto us, who hath been the 
 prime mower of all them, that since the massacre have 
 made war upon us. But nowe this last Somer, by his great 
 importunity for himself e, and the neighbouring Indians hee 
 hath obtained a truce for the present, from the Gov and 
 CounceU of Virginia being forced to seeke it by our con- 
 
 ' Colonial papers, Vol. V, 624 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 61 
 
 tinuall incursions upon him, and them by yearley cutting 
 downe, and spoiling their corne. 
 
 "This being the summe of the present state of thinges in 
 Virginia." 
 
 A letter writer of the period alludes to his wife in these 
 words " Mistress Pearce, a honest and industrious woman 
 hath been there near twenty years, and now returned, saith 
 she hath a garden at Jamestown containing three or four 
 acres, where in one year she hath gathered near a hundred 
 bushels of excellent figs and that she can keep a better house^ 
 in Virginia for three or four hundred pounds than in Lon- 
 don, yet went there with little or nothing." 
 
 After West's departure for England, Doctor John Pott 
 was chosen temporary Grovernor. During this period the 
 Virginians were surprised by the arrival of Q-eorge Calvert 
 the first Lord Baltimore, the proprietor of Avalon in New 
 Foundland. Born in Yorkshire, of comparatively humble 
 parentage, a graduate of Oxford, a good scholar, able writer, 
 and of pleasant address, he entered upon a public career, as 
 the private Secretary to Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards the 
 Earl of Salisbury. His efficiency was recognized by his 
 appointment as clerk of the Privy Council. In 1618, he 
 was associated with Sir Charles Cornwallis the grandfather 
 of Thomas Cornwallis, one of the earliest Maryland coun- 
 cillors, as a Commissioner to Ireland-^ to inquire into cer- 
 
 ' George Sandys when Treasurer of the Colony lived in Pierce's house and on 
 April 8, 1623, wrote to John Ferrar of " his own chamber at Lieut. Peirce's, the 
 fairest in Virginia." — Bainsbury 
 
 ■August 34, 1613, Sir Humphrey Wynd, Kt., Sir Roger Wilbraham, Kt, Sir C. 
 Cornwallis, Kt, and George Calvert, Esq., were chosen Commissioners for 
 Ireland to hear complaints. 
 
62 VIRGINIA CABOLORTTM. 
 
 tain grievances, four years later he was knighted by King 
 James, and after two years was commissioned as principal 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 By education and temperament he was fitted to be a cour- 
 tier, and none of the sycophants of King James were more 
 successful than he, in pandering to the tastes and prejudices 
 of the coarse, and pedantic monarch^ He was a firm de- 
 fender of the King's position, in the speech at the opening 
 of a Parliament, "it is the king that makes laws, and ye are 
 to advise him to make such as will be best for the common- 
 wealth," and the active opponent of the people's party, 
 which was yearly increasing. 
 
 Confident that it would promote his advancement, he was 
 enthusiastic in the advocacy of the marriage of Prince 
 Charles with the Infanta of Spain, and to the displeasure 
 of the House of Commons kept up an intimacy with Gon- 
 domar, the Spanish ambassador; and then, with the Duchess, 
 the mother of Buckingham, entered the church of Eome. 
 
 Feb. 32, 1613-14, Jobn Latham and William Peasley, servants of George 
 Calvert, Esq , Commissioaer to Ireland, were given £50 by way of reward for 
 " their travail and pains in engrossing all the business, using twenty-six quires 
 of paper, besides vellum." 
 
 Peasley subsequently married Anna, the daughter of Secretary Calvert, who 
 was at the above period a girl of about seven years of age. 
 
 ' On Dec. 4, 1631, he<writeB to Buckingham " There are many pasquils abroad 
 and seditious sermons are printed. An alarm has been given to Gondomar of 
 an intended attack upon his family. A strong watch was appointed and his 
 house has been guarded. It may be only a design to frighten him." 
 
 His wife died in August 1632, and eight months later he was the life of Ihe 
 party at the king's festival at Windsor in honor of St. Georga. In a letter he is 
 described as " very gay, and gallant, all in white, cap a pie even to his white hat 
 and white feather 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 63 
 
 After the match failed, he lost standing with Buckingham, ^ 
 his fortune, began to decline,^ and he retired from the Sec- 
 retaryship, but, just before the king's death, was ennobled 
 as Baron of Baltimore in the county of Longford, Ireland. 
 While Charles, upon ascending the throne, retained his 
 friendship for him, and would have kept him in the Privy 
 Council, yet as he refused to take the required oath of office 
 it was impossible. Eetiring to Ireland, Calvert soon de- 
 termined to visit Avalon, in New Foundland, a colony 
 which he had planted some years before he left the church of 
 England, not from any rehgious motive, but in the hope 
 that it would yield pecuniary profit. In May, 1627, just 
 before he sailed, he wrote to his old friend Wentworth, soon 
 made the Earl of Strafford that he had, " rather be esteemed 
 a fool, by some, for the hazard of one month's journey, than 
 to prove myself one certainly, for six years by-past, if the 
 business be now lost, for the want of a little pain's and 
 care." 
 
 In the autumn he returned from America, but the next 
 spring, went again to Avalon, and made an effort to remain, 
 but the climate, sickness, and opposition made him faint- 
 
 ' Buckingham, in 1634, wrote to King James : " I hope to have the happiness 
 to-morrow, to kiss your hands, therefore I will not send jou the letter you 
 wrote to the Pope, which I have got from Secretary Calvert. When he de- 
 livered it to me, he made the request that your Majesty would as well trust 
 him, in a letter, you were now to write, as you had heretofore in the former. I 
 did, what I could, to dissemble it, but when there was no means to do it, I 
 though best to seem to trust him absolutely, thereby, the better to tie him to 
 secrecy. If this be a lie, as I am sure it is, you may bear to think, that with 
 little more stock he may cry quittance." — HardwiBk Papers. 
 
 'Archbishop Abbott wrote about this time: "Secretary Calvert hath never 
 looked merrily since the prince's coming out of Spain. It was thought he was 
 much interested in the Spanish affair." 
 
64 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 hearted, and on the 19th of August, 1629, he wrote from 
 his residence at Ferryland to King Charles: "I have 
 had strong temptations, to leave all proceedings in plan- 
 tations, and being much decayed in my strength, to 
 retire myself to my former quiet, but my inclination 
 carrying me naturally to these kind of works, and not 
 knowing how better to employ the poor remainder of my 
 days, than with other good subjects, to further the best I 
 may, the enlarging your Majesty's Empire in this part of 
 the world. I am determined to commit this place to fisher- 
 men that are able to encounter storms and hard weather, and 
 to remove myself, with some forty persons to your Majesty's 
 dominion in Virginia, where, if your Majesty will please to 
 grant me a precinct of land, with such privileges, as the 
 King your father, my gracious Majesty was pleased to 
 grant me here, I shall endeavour to the utmost of my power 
 to deserve it." 
 
 Without awaiting a reply, or notifying the authorities of 
 Virginia of his intended visit, early in October, he appeared 
 at Jamestown, and while they were disposed to treat him 
 with kindness, they could not break the law which required 
 tjie administration of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy 
 to every person arriving in the colony. As he refused to 
 obey the laws, he was requested to depart by the first ship , 
 which he did, leaving there, for a time, his wife and ser- 
 vants. 
 
 Capps left for England, without permission of the Gov- 
 ernor and Council, about the last of October, and as he 
 sailed probably in the first ship that departed after Balti- 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORVM. 65 
 
 more was requested to leave, the latter may have been his 
 fellow passenger. 
 
 The communication of the Council in Virginia, to the 
 Privy Council, in England, relative to their action is a calm, 
 reasonable, and courteous paper, worthy of being preserved. 
 
 It is dated November 30, 1629, and is as follows : "May 
 it please yo' Lord'pps to understand that about the begin - 
 ninge of October last, there arrived in this Colony, the Lord 
 Baltimore from his plantation in New Foundland, w* an 
 intention as we are informed rather to plant himself to the 
 Southward, than settle here, although since, he hath seemed 
 well affected to this place, and willing to make his residence 
 therein w* his whole family. 
 
 "We were read'ly inclined to render unto his lordship all 
 those respects wh'ch were due unto the honor of his person 
 or w""" might testifie w* how much gladness we desired to 
 receive and entertain him, as being of that eminence 
 and degree, whose presence and affection might give 
 greater advancements to this plantation. Whereupon, 
 according to the instruction from y"' Lord'hipps, and the 
 which course' held in this place, were tendered the oaths of 
 
 'Governor Wyatt on tlie 34tli of July, 1631, Governor Yeardley on the 19th 
 of April, 1636, Governor Harvey, on the 6th of August, 1638, were directed to see 
 that every person who arrived in the Colony, took the oath of allegiance and 
 supremacy. The last history of Marylandby William Hand Browne published 
 in 1884, by Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Boston, makes this erroneous state- 
 ment : 
 
 " Of course Baltimore believing the Pope to be the spiritual head of the church 
 neither could or would take this oath. He might very well have challenged 
 their rights to offer it, since while it is true that the President and Council of the 
 Virginia Company had been empowered to administer this oath, no such power 
 was given to Pott, or to any authority in the Province, after the Company's dis- 
 solution, and in offering it, they incurred the penalties of a high court. " P. 16. 
 
 9 
 
66 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 Bupremicie and aleidgiance to his lordship, and some of his 
 followers, who making profession of the Eomishe religion, 
 utterly refused to take the same, a thing w"" we would not 
 have doubted in him, whose former employm'ts under 
 his late mat'y might have endeared to us a persuasion he 
 could not have made deuyall of that, in poynt, whereof 
 consisteth the legaltie and fidelitie w"*" every true subject 
 oweth unto his soveraigne. His lord'hip then offered to 
 take this oath, a copy whereof is included, but in true dis- 
 charge of the trust imposed on by his Ma'tie, wee could not 
 imagine that soe much latitude was left for us to decline from 
 the prescribed forms so strictly exacted and soe well justi • 
 fied and defended, by the pen of our late Soveraigne Lord, 
 King James, of happy memory. 
 
 " And among the many blessings and favors for w'chwee 
 are bound to blesse Grod, and w* the colony has received from 
 his most gratious ma'tie, there is none whereby it hath 
 been made more happy than in the freedome of our religion, 
 w'ch we have enjoyed, and that no Papists have beene suf- 
 fered to settle their aboade amongst us. The continuance 
 whereof wee most humbly implore from his most sacred 
 ma'tie, and earnestly beseech y" lord'hps, that by your 
 meditations and councells the same may be established, 
 and confirmed unto us. And wee as our duety is with the 
 whole colony, shall always pray for his ma'ties long life and 
 eternall felicity, from whose royal hands the plantation must 
 expect her establishment, and for whose honor God hath so 
 reserved so glorious a worke hy p'f ection thereof. " 
 
 Before Lord Baltimore arrived in England, Charles the 
 First on the 22d of November, 1629, in a reply to his letter of 
 
VIM O INI A GAROLORUM. 67 
 
 the following August, wrote: "We out of our princely care of 
 you and well weighing that men of y" condition and breeding 
 are fitted for other employment than the forming of new 
 plantations, which commonly have rugged and laborious 
 beginnings, and require much greater meanes in managing 
 them than usually the power of one private subject can 
 reach unfco, have thought fit hereby to advise you to desist 
 from further prosecuting y" designs that way, and with 
 your first conveniency to returne back to y" native coun- 
 trie." 
 
 In a letter* to Lord Dorchester, Secretary of State, written 
 after his arrival in England, he asked that the Governor of 
 Virginia might be instructed to assist his wife in coming 
 home, in recovering debts due to him, and in disposing of her 
 servants, and then he requested permission to choose a por- 
 tion of land not already granted, with a charter like that of 
 Avalon, and he with the assistance of gentlemen and others, 
 though he did not go in person, would found a colony. 
 
 John Pory late Secretary of Virginia wrote to Joseph Mede 
 the distinguished scholar and theologian upon February 12, 
 1629-30, that Baltimore was ' ' preparing a bark to send to 
 fetch his Lady^ and servants from thence, because the king 
 will not permit him to go back again. " 
 
 ' The letter in full waa first printed in ^Founders of Maryland, Albany N. Y. , 
 Joel Munsell, 1876. 
 
 = Lord Baltimore's first wife was a most charming woman, a devoted wife and 
 exemplary mother of many children. Her maiden name was Ann Mynne. Her 
 death occurred on August 18, 1633, and Camden the Annalist in noting it, calls 
 her " modestissima mulier." But there is no record of his second marriage. It 
 must have occurred after he ceased to be Secretary of State, and retired to 
 Ireland. This wife is never mentioned in books on the Baronetage. Lord 
 Baltimore's most intimate friend Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, lost his 
 
68 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Jamestown, during the administration of Governors West 
 and Pott, was an insignificant hamlet. The houses of the 
 colonists were small wooden buildings with not the faintest 
 resemblance to the baronial halls of England, and the place 
 for God's worship was of the same material as the dwell- 
 ings and quite as plain. 
 
 Sir George Yeardley's residence was in an enclosure of 
 seven acres, which on the north abutted on the river, and 
 his neighbor on the south was Captain Eoger Smith. East- 
 erly he was bounded by a fence which separated him from 
 the land of the main island, and westerly by the Park. 
 Captain Roger Smith had a lot of four acres, which upon 
 the south touched the Governor's garden, and eastward it 
 was bounded by a bridge which led across the marsh to the 
 island, and the yard of Capt. William Peirce. Ralph War- 
 ner, a member of the council, in 162i, built in the new town, 
 upon one acre and a half of ground which on the south, was 
 bounded by the James River, and on the east was a high- 
 way which separated it from the grounds of George Manefie 
 
 first wife, the daughter of the Barl of Cumberland, about the same time in the 
 summer of 1623, as Baltimore lost his first wife The Earl of Strafford's second 
 wife a daughter of the Barl of Clare, died in October, 1631. 
 
 Lord Baltimore wrote from Lincoln's Inn Fields London, where he was then 
 lodging, on the 11th of the month, in which he alludes to Strafford's loss and adds 
 " There are few perhaps can j udge of it better than I, who have been a long time 
 a man of sorrows." In less than a year Strafford was living with Elizabeth 
 Rhodes whom he did not for some time publicly acknowledge as a wife. Fors- 
 ters Statesmen of the Britiali Commonwealth. Baltimore in his letter seems to be 
 alluding to the loss of his wife who died in the year 1632, and it is possible that 
 his wife who left Virginia in 1630, and is said only in a sketch of Baltimore 
 among the Ayscough Manuscripts to have been lost at sea, may have been one 
 to whom he was privately married. Philip Calvert, Secretary and Governor of 
 Maryland, Governor Stuyvesant calls his illegitimate son. 
 
VIRGIJSriA GABOLOBUM. 69 
 
 merchant, and on the west was the grounds of Richard 
 Stephens, merchant, and John Chew, merchant. East of the 
 house built by Stephens, upon a lot which lay south upon 
 the bay along the river, was the residence of Capt. Ealph 
 Hamor. 
 
 > The brick church whose ruins are still seen, was not 
 erected until about a half century after this period, although 
 often represented as the church in which the first colonists 
 worshipped. 
 
 The minister at this time was the Eev. Francis Bolton 
 who, in 1621, upon the recommendation of the Earl of 
 Southampton, had come to Virginia. After preaching for 
 a period at Elizabeth City, and on the Eastern Shore' of the 
 Chesapeake he became the minister at Jamestown, where 
 Eichard Buck, and Hawte Wyatt, had been his predecessors 
 in the parish. 
 
 The principal merchant was Thomas Warnet, once of 
 South wark, London, son of John Warnet of Hempstead, 
 Sussex. He died in February, 1629-30, a few weeks, before 
 
 ' In a book of manuscript records in the Library of Congress is the following 
 which shows the salary Bolton received as the first minister on the Eastern 
 shore of Virginia. 
 
 " Whereas, It is ordered by the Govornor and Council that Mr. Bolton shall 
 receive for his salary, this year throughout all the plantations all the Eastern 
 shore, ten pound of tobacco, and one bushel of corn, for every planter and 
 tradesman, above the age of sixteen years, alive at the crop. These are to re- 
 quire Captain William Eps, commander of the said plantation, to raise the said 
 ten pounds of tobacco, one bushel of corn, to be levied accordingly throughout 
 all the said plantations, charging all persons there residing, to yield ready obe- 
 dience, and to be aiding and assisting unto the said Captain William Eps in the 
 execution of the warrant as they will answer the contrary at their peril. Given 
 at James City, November 21, 1623." 
 
 " Fkancib Wyatt." 
 
70 VIJRGINIA CAEOLORUM. 
 
 the arrival of Governor Harvey. His wilP witnessed by 
 Bolton the minister, and John Southerne indicates that he 
 was a prominent man in social life and gives an idea of the 
 style of dress, of the period. To Dr. John Pott, acting 
 governor, he bequeathed five thousand pounds of nails, of 
 great value to one commencing a plantation ; to Elizabeth 
 Potts, his wife, he gave one corfe, and cross cloth of 
 wrought gold, and to Francis Pott his brother, a debt of 
 eighty pounds of tobacco. The minister Francis Bolton 
 received very useful supplies; a firkin of butter, a bushel of 
 salt, six pounds of candles, a pound of pepper, a pound of 
 ginger, two bushels of meal, a rundlett of ink, six quires of 
 letter paper, and a pair of silk stockings. The wife of John 
 Johnson was given six pounds of soap, six pounds of blue, 
 and a pound of white starch. To the wife of John Brown- 
 ing was bequeathed a thousand pins, a pair of knives carved 
 with two images upon them, twelve pounds of white, and 
 two pounds of blue starch. The wife of Mr. John Upton's 
 was remembered by the present of a sea green scarf, 
 edged with gold lace, two pounds of blue, and twelve of 
 white starch. To his friend Thomas Burges he gave his best 
 felt hat, and his second best sword, and to the wife of John 
 Grevett a pair of sheets, six table napkins, three towels, and 
 a table cloth, six pounds of soap, a pound of blue, and six 
 pounds of white starch. The wife of Sergeant John Wane 
 received four bushels of meal, four gallons of vinegar, a half 
 pound of different colored thread, twenty needles, six dozen 
 silk and thread buttons, a pewter candlestick, and a pewter 
 pot de chambre. The wife of Thomas Key was left a gilded 
 
 1 8ee Qleanings of H. F. Watere in N. E. Eiat. Oen. Register, April, 1884. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 71 
 
 looking glass ; and of Eoger Thompson, a jar of oil, a pound 
 of pepper, and a half bushel of salt. Benjamin Symes who 
 became the first American benefactor to the cause of educa- 
 tion, received a weeding hoe, the wife of Michael Batt two 
 bushels of meal. His own wife Thomasine, daughter of ■ 
 William Hall, of WoodalUng county Norfolk, England, re- 
 ceived the rest of his estate, and John Southern, and James 
 Stormes were overseers of the will. Southerne received a 
 black beaver hat, and gold band, a doublet of black camlet, 
 a pair of black hose, a Polander cap furred, and a pair of red 
 slippers, and Stormes his best sword and a gold belt. War- 
 net certainly loved his neighbors. John Browning whose 
 wife is mentioned, in October, 1629, represented Elizabeth 
 City in the legislature, and in that of 1630, sat John 
 Southerne, Thomas Key, John Upton, Thomas Burges. 
 
 The only legislature which assembled during the period 
 Doctor John Pott, acted as governor, met in October, and 
 was largely composed of the earlier colonists.^ The Assem- 
 
 » BUKGBSSES OP THE ASSEMBLY CONVENED AT JaMBSTOWN, OOTOBKB 16, 1629. 
 
 College Plantation or Henrico. 
 
 Lt. Thomas Osborne. Arrived in 1619, in Bona 2fova, and 
 
 was now 35 years old Justice in 1632. 
 
 Mathew Edlowe. Came in 1618 in Nepturte, died in 
 
 1668, his wife Tabitha in 1670. His 
 son John was under the guardianshi]) 
 of Col. Robert Wynne. 
 
 Neek of Land, Charles City Corporation. 
 
 Serg't. Sharpe. Samuel Sharpe came in 1610, with 
 
 Gates and Somers, and had been a 
 
 member of the first legislature in 1619, 
 
 He married a girl who came in 1621 . 
 
 Chene Boise. Arrived in 1617, in the George, and 
 
 was now 85 years old. 
 
72 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 Shirley Hundred Island, 
 
 Mr. Thomas Palmer. He, and his wife, and daughter seven 
 
 years old, came in 1631, in the IXger. 
 Justice in 1633. 
 
 John Harris. Had been several years in Virginia. 
 
 Henry TJirogmwton's Plantation. 
 
 William Allen. Came in 1683, in Souffiampton. 
 
 Jordan's Journey Charles City. 
 
 William Popletou. Came in 1633, in the James as a 
 
 servant of John Davies. 
 
 Chaplain^s Choice Charles City. 
 
 Walter Price. Came in 1618, in William and 
 
 Thomas. 
 
 Westover, Clmrles City. 
 
 Christopher Woodward. Aged 35 came in 1630 in Trial. 
 
 Meur Dieu Hundred. 
 
 Anthony Pagett. Aged 40, came in 1638, a servant in 
 
 Southampton. 
 
 James City. 
 
 Mr. Menefie. Arrived in July 1633, in t\Q Samuel. 
 
 A merchant. 
 Mr. Kingsmell. Perhaps Kingswell came in the 
 
 Delawa/re. His wife in the Susan. 
 
 Paces Pains, James City. 
 
 Lt. William Perry. 
 
 John Smyth. Came in 1611, in Elizabeth. 
 
 Over the River. 
 
 Capt. John West. Brother of the late Lord Delaware , 
 
 and Gov. Francis West. 
 Capt. Rob't Fellgate. 
 
 Pasbehay, James City. 
 
 Thomas Bagwell. An old settler. 
 
 Neck of Land, James City. 
 
 Richard Brewster. 
 
VIRaiNIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 73 
 
 bly authorized the beginning of a plantation on the York, 
 then called Pamunky Eiver. As early as 1624, the King's 
 Commissioners had recommended the planting of " Ohis- 
 
 Theodore Moyses, 
 Thomas Doe. 
 
 Ardhir^s Hope, James City. 
 
 Came in London Merchant. 
 
 Between Archer's Hope, and Martin's Hundred. 
 
 Mr. John Ulie. 
 Richard Townsend. 
 
 Jolm Chew. 
 Kichard Tree. 
 
 Thomas Kingston. 
 Thomas Fawcett. 
 
 Thomas Harwood. 
 Phettiplace Close. 
 
 Christopher Stokes. 
 Thomas Ceeley. 
 Thomas Flint. 
 
 Zachary Cripps. 
 
 Capt. Natt Basse. 
 
 Richard Bennett. 
 Robert Savin. 
 Thomas Jordan. 
 
 10 
 
 Came in the Francis Bona Ventura. 
 A man of influence. 
 
 Now about 24 years old. Came in 
 the Abigail, 1 630, had been a servant 
 of Dr. John Pott. 
 
 Hog Island. 
 
 Came in the Charity. A merchant. 
 Arrived in the Qeorge, with his son 
 twelve years old. 
 
 Martin's Hundred. 
 
 In the colony several years. 
 In the colony several years. 
 
 Mulberry Island. 
 
 Came in 1623, in Margaret and John. 
 An old settler, who came in the Star. 
 
 Wdrioick Rimr. 
 
 Had been five years in colony. 
 
 A county justice in 1632. 
 
 Came in 1618, in Diana, a county 
 justice in 1632. 
 
 Came in 1621 in Marg't and John, «, 
 county justice in 1683. 
 
 W arosquoyahe. 
 
 Was about 40 years old and came 
 in 1623, in Furtherance. 
 Afterwards Councillor. 
 
 Justice in 1683. 
 
74 VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 kiake situated upon Pamunky " and to build a pale across 
 from thence to Martin's Hundred, seven miles below James 
 City. 
 
 Joseph Mede in a letter' to Sir Martin Stuteville in Janu- 
 ary, 1639-30, after referring to Lord Baltimore's return to 
 London, from Virginia, continues : "About the time of his 
 being there, a certain Indian, dwelling some four or five 
 days journey off, came and offered himself his wife, and 
 four children, " and ' ' to ensure them of his fidelity he con- 
 ducted them against the Indians, their enemies upon whose 
 persons, by his guidance " they obtained ' ' more spoil and 
 revenge than they had done since the great massacre there." 
 And this action had so much the more of justice in it, by 
 reason, that of late, those treacherous savages assailed the 
 house of one Mr. Poole,^ a minister and slew him, his wife, 
 and all his family." 
 
 Nutmeg Quai'ter. 
 
 William Cole. Now about 31 years old, came in 
 
 1618 in Neptune. His wife came in 
 1616, in Susan. 
 
 William Bentley. About 41 years of age, came as a 
 
 bired man in 1634, iu the Jacob. 
 
 Elizabeth City. 
 Lt. Thompson. 
 
 Adam Thorowgood. Came in 1631, when 18 years old. 
 
 Mr. Kowlston. Came in 1623 in Qod's Gtift. 
 
 John Browning, About 37 years old, came in 1621, in 
 
 Abigail. 
 John Downeman. When a boy, came in 1611, married 
 
 a maid sent out in 1621, in Warwick. 
 ' Court and Times of Charles the First. 
 
 •Greville Pooley, minister, came, iu 1633, iu the ship James, and was a friend 
 of Abraham Piersey. See p. 49. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 75 
 
 The action referred to was probably that of Captain Clai- 
 borne who attacked and defeated the Indians at Oandayak, 
 now West Point, at the junction of the York and Pamunky 
 Eivers. 
 
 Sir Eobert Heath, formerly Eecorder of London, when 
 Attorney General of England, on the 10th of February, 
 1629-30, a few weeks after Lord Baltimore's return, for 
 himself and associates, asked that two degrees of land, upon 
 which to settle a colony, with power "to create, and esta- 
 blish or confirm for ever, officers, ministers, and agents of 
 all quahties and conditions, touching as well the church, as 
 the military, and political part of the government, according 
 to the general orders and laws of the whole province; pay- 
 ing and causing to be paid to these officers, ministers, and 
 agents, all their entertainment and wages." 
 
 Antoine Rideoute, the Baron de Sance, a French refugee, 
 and his son George, were made subjects of England, at this 
 time, with the intention of planting a colony, of members 
 of the Reformed Church in France, south of the James 
 River. A charter was granted to Heath and the usual 
 phraseology relative to zeal for Christianity, and desire to 
 enlarge the bounds, and increase the trade of the kingdom, 
 and the region ceded between the 31st and 36th degrees of 
 north latitude in compliment to the king was called Carolana 
 a few years later written Carolina. On the 15th of April, 
 1630, the proprietor was informed that those who settled in 
 that country must acknowledge the church of England. 
 The next month under this charter, an agreement was made 
 with George, Lord Berkeley, Sir William Boswell, Samuel 
 
76 VIBGIJSriA GABOLORUM. 
 
 Vassall, Hugh L'Amy and Peter de Licques,' by which 
 they could form a settlement in Oarolana, with power to 
 appoint a G-overnor, and other officers, and that no appeal 
 should be taken from the General Assembly of the province. 
 This plan was not carried out, and in 1631, the charter was 
 modified, in which Heath is referred to in these words : 
 ' ' He beeing about to lead thither a Colonye of men large 
 and plentiful!, professing the true Eeligion, sedulously and 
 industriously applying themselves to the culture of y^ sayd 
 land, and to merchandising, to be performed by industrye 
 at his own charges and others by his example." By this 
 instrument he was made ' ' sole Lord Proprietor in chiefley 
 Knight's service, and by paying for it, to us, our heirs, and 
 successors, one circle of Gold in the fashion of a crown of 
 the weight of twenty ounces with the inscription ingraved 
 upon it : ' Deus coronet opus suum. ' " 
 
 ' Peter de Licques of Picardy had been naturalized. 
 
OHAPTEE III. 
 
 EVENTS PROM A.D. 1630 TO A.D., 1684. 
 
 GovEENOE Haevby's Ahrival. Assembly of 1630. Doctoe 
 Pott's Trial. Claiborne Trades with Boston. Daniel Gookin 
 AT Newport News. Death of Capt. John Smith. Social 
 ties op Massachusetts and Virginia. Heney Fleet, Potomac 
 trader. Assembly of Fbbeuaey, 1631-2. Sunday Legisla- 
 tion. Monthly Couets. Assembly of SEPrEMBER, 1632. 
 Wreck of the Warwick. "William Bolton Agent foe 
 Planters. Capt. De Veies at Jamestown. John Stone a 
 EOUGH Sea-captain. 
 
 |OHN Harvey when commissioned as Governor of 
 Virginia, was knighted, in accordance with the 
 custom commenced, at the appointment of Gov- 
 ernor Yeardley. He remained in England for 
 some time, and apphed for an increase of the emoluments 
 and privileges of his office. He also requested that the city 
 of London, as before, might be permitted to send over one 
 hundred friendless boys, and girls, and that six ministers con - 
 formable to the, church of England, might also be procured 
 for the Colony. 
 
 The Privy Council, in reply to the petitions presented, 
 allowed the colonists to hold a legislative assembly, whose 
 
 >i 
 
78 VIRGINIA CABOLORVM. 
 
 ordinances would not be valid without the King's approval 
 and agreed that Christian ministers could go to Virginia, 
 provided, the settlements which invited them would assume 
 their support. 
 
 Early in the year 1630, after a tedious voyage, by way of 
 Cape Verd, Governor Harvey reached Jamestown, but on 
 account of unusual sickness among the planters, he did not 
 convene the General Assembly, until the week before 
 Easter Sunday. At this time Francis West, late acting 
 Governor, William Claiborne, and William Tucker, Coun- 
 cillors, were in England. The Assembly met on March 24, 
 1629-30 (0. S.), and as had been the custom, the oath of 
 allegiance and supremacy was taken by the delegates.' 
 
 Harvey did not manifest the conciliatory spirit of his im- 
 mediate predecessors, Yeardley and Wyatt. He, walked 
 among the colonists, as he did the quarter-deck of a ship of 
 war, and desired to impress the settlers with the idea that 
 he was a vice-roy. His arrogancy and arbitrary course 
 immediately engendered opposition, and a people's party 
 was the result. His unpopularity was increased by the 
 alacrity displayed, in assisting Lord Baltimore, in establish- 
 ing a province, out of a large and fertile portion of Virginia, 
 The day after the Assembly convened there appears to 
 have been some discussion as to the propriety of Lord Balti - 
 more's project, and Thomas Tindall for caUing Lord Balti- 
 
 » The councillors present at this Assembly, were Dr. John Pott, William 
 Ferrar and Samuel Mathews. A few weeks later Capt. John West, Hen. Finch, 
 Christopher Cowling, Capt. Richard Stephens, Capt. John Utie, and Capt. 
 Natli. Basse were members of his council. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROIOBUM. 79 
 
 more a liar, and threatening to knock him down was placed 
 in the pillory for two hours.' 
 
 John Pott the acting Governor, at the time of Harvey's 
 arrival, was an educated physician, careless in business, 
 fond of good living, and a jovial companion.* 
 
 He had pardoned Edward Wallis who had been convicted 
 of murder and restored his privileges. He was also charged 
 with keeping some cattle which did not belong to him. 
 Harvey had not been at Jamestown but a few weeks, when 
 he ordered Potts' arrest, who was at his plantation called 
 Harrope, seven miles from Jamestown. He appeared before 
 the General Court on the ninth of July, 1630, and before 
 a jury of thirteen was tried for stealing cattle. The first 
 day was occupied in pleading and KingswelP an old planter 
 testified adversely. The next day Pott declared that the 
 witness was unreliable and hypocritical, and told the story 
 of Gusman of Alfrach, the rogue.* 
 
 .ening, 1, 553. 
 
 George Sandys on April 9, 1633, in a letter to Samuel Wrote, of London, 
 iuding to Pott, writes : "I have given from time to time the best councell I am 
 ,ble, at the first, he kept companie too much with his inferiours, who hung upon 
 him, while his good liquor lasted. After, he consorted with Captaine Wliitaores, 
 a man of no good example, with whom he is gone into Kicotau, yet whereso- 
 ever he bee, he shall not bee without reach of my care, nor want for any thing 
 that I or my credit can procure him "^ Virginia Vetusta, p. 137. 
 
 3 \ Bichard Kingswell, a planter on the neck of laud, near Jamestown, came 
 in 1610, in the ship " Delaware ;" his wife Jane, in 1616, arrived in the "Susan."' 
 
 ■t Reference may be had to the hypocrite and Spanish spy, Don Juan'of the 
 house of Gusman, who with Captain Henry Duffield was employed, by the King 
 of Spain, lo go to England, and burn ships with wild fire. 
 
 Don Juan Gusman in his narrative declared that ho reached Ireland in a ship, 
 and was seized by the servants of Mahona, and taken to his castle and from 
 
80 VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 
 
 The jury declared him guilty, but G-overnor Harvey de- 
 clined to pronounce judgment, until he consulted the king, 
 and he wrote to England that Pott " was the only physician 
 in the colony, skilled in epidemical diseases," and suggested 
 that his estate should be restored in view of his long resi- 
 dence, and the value of his services. Elizabeth, the doctor's 
 wife, impelled by affection, after a dangerous voyage 
 reached London, in September, after an absence of ten 
 years, and with earnestness pleaded for her husband. The 
 case was referred to commissioners who reported that the 
 condemning of Doctor Pott " for felony "was very rigorous, 
 if not erroneous, and recommended his pardon which the 
 king granted. During the autumn of this year an expedi- 
 tion of two hundred men under Captain Mathews was sent 
 to search for mines beyond the Falls of James Eiver, but 
 overtaken by winter, returned without important results. 
 
 William Claiborne continued during the whole of this 
 year in England. John Winthrop, and associates, in 1630, 
 entered Massachusetts Bay, and settled Boston, and the 
 next spring his friends in London, contracted with Claiborne 
 still there, to bring to Boston, from Virginia, forty tons of 
 Indian wheat. A son of Winthrop writes from London, to 
 his father; "This corne we understand they buy of the 
 natives there, for trucke, there is great store all alongst 
 
 tbence was sent to the Barl of Desmond, where he was examined by a legate of 
 the Pope and escaped suspicion by a forged passport, and then went to 
 liimerick, where he attended the church of England, and assisted to expel cattle 
 stealers. This story was a tissue of falsehoods. In April, 1594, his companion 
 Henry Duffield, and a son of the Earl of Desmond, were confined in the Tower 
 of London, charged with burning her Majesty's ships at Chatham, at the instiga- 
 tion of the K. of Spain. 
 
VIBGIJVIA CAJtOLORUM. 81 
 
 the coast, from a little to the southward of you, to Florida 
 beyond, to be had for toyes, beadea, coper, tools, knives, 
 glass, and such like.'" 
 
 On the 16th of May, 1631, the king issued a commission to 
 his " trusty and well beloved William Oleyborne one of the 
 council, and Secretary of State for our Colony of Virginia, 
 and some other adventurers," to keep an interchange of trade 
 with Nova Scotia and New England, and to trade for furs and 
 corn in any region for which there is not already a patent 
 granted to others for sole trade." Under this permit Clai- 
 borne returned to Virginia, and established trading posts at 
 Kent Island in Chesapeake Bay, and at Palmers Island in 
 Susquehanna River. Among those prominent at this period in 
 colonizing Virginia, was Daniel Gookin' of Cariggaline, a few 
 miles south of Cork, on the shores of Cork Harbor, Ireland. 
 In 1621, he determined to begin a plantation, in Virginia, 
 near that of his friend Sir William Newce,' and his brother 
 Thomas Newce. 
 
 In August of that year, the London Company wrote to the 
 Governor of Virginia that he was about to transport cattle 
 from Ireland and used these words, "Let him have very 
 good Tobacco for his cowes now at his first voiadge, for if he 
 makes a good return it may be the occasion of a trade with 
 
 ' John Winthrop, Jr., In Mass. His. Soo. Coll., 5th Series, Vol., VIII, p. 30. 
 
 ' He was the son of John Gookin of Ripple Court, Kent County, England, 
 and with his brother Sir Vincent, settled in Ireland ; Vincent settled at Bandon, 
 Cork County. 
 
 3 Captain, afterwards Sir William Newce, laid out a suburb of Bandon called 
 Newce's Town, and in 1613, was mayor of Bandon. He was appointed marshal 
 of Virginia, and in October, 1623, arrived there at Newport NewB, and soon died. 
 11 
 
82 VIBGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 you from those parts [Ireland] not only with cattle, but with 
 most of those commodities you want att better, and easier 
 rates, than we from hence, shall be able." Gookin in 
 November,^ arrived at Newport News in the ship Flying 
 Hart, Cornelius Johnson, a Dutchman, being master thereof, 
 and established a plantation where he made a brave stand 
 against the Indians the following March. Soon after the 
 massacre Governor Wyatt and wife paid him a visit, and 
 he returned to England in the ship, which brought the 
 news of the slaughter of more than three hundred of the 
 settlers. In 1623, the ship "Providence" again brought more 
 servants for his land, and he may have been a passenger, 
 but after this time he does not appear to have been a resi- 
 dent, for any long period. It is probable his son Daniel, 
 attended to affairs in Virginia, while he looked after his 
 interests in England and Ireland. In a petition dated March 
 11, 1631, he mentioned that he has been " for many years a 
 great well wisher to new plantations, and a planter and 
 adventurer in most of them " and asks for a grant of a cer- 
 tain island which he "is credible informed lies between the 
 
 'The Governor and Council of Virginia under date of January, 1623, wrote to 
 the London Company : " There arrived here about the 23 of November, a shipp 
 from Mr. Gookin out of Ireland wholy uppon his owne Adventure, withoute any 
 returne at all to his contract wth you in England, w'ch vras soe well furnished 
 with all sortes of p'visiones as well as with Cattle as we could wyshe all men 
 would follow theire example, hee hath also brought with him about 50 men 
 upon that Adventure, besides some 30 other Passengers, we haue accordinge to 
 their desire seated them at Newport's News, and we doe conceive great hope 
 yfF the Irish Plantation p'sper, yt from Ireland greate multitude of people will 
 be like to come hither ******** Mr. Pountis hath had some, 
 conference with ye Mr. of the Irish shipp, a Dutchman, whose name ys Corne- 
 lius Johnson of Home in Hollande, who is soe farr in loue with this Countrey, 
 as he intendeth to returne hither." 
 
VIBOINIA CABOLOBUM. 83 
 
 60th and 65 th degree of north latitude, named St. Brandon 
 or Isle de Verd, about three leagues, from the Blasques of 
 Ireland." De Vries, the Dutch captain, writes that on the 
 20th of March, 1633, he "anchored at evening, before New- 
 port Snuw, where Uved a gentleman of the name of Goe- 
 gen" [Gookin]. 
 
 On the 21st of June, 1631, died the great adventurer Cap- 
 tain John Smith, whose stories were as wonderful as those 
 of the traveler Coryat. During the brief period he lived in 
 Virginia, he quarreled with Francis West, brother of Lord 
 Delaware, and others, and was sent home in disgrace.' In 
 a letter to Earl of Salisbury, Lord High Treasurer, dated Oc- 
 tober 4, 1609, from Captain John Eatcliflf is the following : 
 " We heard yt all the counsell, were dead, but Captain Smith 
 the President who reigned sole governor without assistants 
 and would at first admitt of no councill but himself. This 
 man is sent home to answer some misdeamenors whereof I 
 persuade me, he can scarcely clear himself from great im- 
 putations of blame." Wingfield mentions that he had 
 been a beggar in Ireland, and in a letter to Lord Bacon, in 
 1618, Smith writes relative to some scheme : ^ " Should I 
 present it to the Biskayers, French, or Hollanders, they 
 have made me large offers, but Nature doth binde me thus 
 to begge at home, whom strangers have pleased to make a 
 commander abroad." In a description of New England, 
 which accompanied this letter, he also wrote : " Lett not 
 the povertie of the author cause the action to be less re- 
 
 • Spelman's Relation quoted p. 53. 
 
 = The entire letter from the original, in the British Public Record Office, has 
 been published in the American Antiquarian Society Proceedings for 1870. 
 
84 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 spected who desyres no better fortune than he would find 
 there. In the interim, I humbly desyre y°' Honor would 
 be pleased to grace me with the title of y°' Ld'ps servant. 
 Not that I desyre to strut upp the rest of my days in the 
 chamber of ease and idleness, but that thereby I may be 
 the better countenance for this my most desyred voy- 
 age." After Smith had published a book on Virginia, 
 George Percey who had lived more than five years in the 
 colony, wrote^ to his brother the Earl of Northumberland, of 
 a work containing " many untreuthes," wherein the Author 
 " bathe nott spared to apropiate many deserts to himselfe 
 which he never p'formed and stuffed his relacyons w"" so 
 many falseties and malycyous detractyons." G-eorge, Earl 
 of Kildare, wi-ote to the Secretary of State, on April 21, 
 1630, that he had chosen a Captain Smith to live with him, 
 ' ' who through unfortunate disasters in his Majesty's service 
 is a subject of pity." The Virginia Company, after he came 
 back from Jamestown, never gave him their confidence, and 
 he was used for a time by the New England companies. In 
 his last days, he was befriended by Sir Samuel Salton- 
 stall, Kt., a relative of Sir Eichard Saltonstall, Kt., one of 
 the founders of Massachusetts. Wye, the son of Samuel, 
 a graduate of Oxford, in a translation of a History of the 
 World by Hondius, published in 1635, inserted a portrait of 
 Smith . The quaint historian Thomas Fuller who knew Smith 
 gave the following estimate of his General History : " From 
 the Turks in Europe, he passed to the Pagans in America, 
 where such his perils, preservations, dangers, deliverances 
 
 ■ See Virginia Vetusta, published by Munsell's Sons, Albany, N. T., 1885. 
 
VIMGINIA GAMOLORUM. 85 
 
 they seem to most men, above belief, to some, beyond truth. 
 Yet we have two witnesses to attest them, the prose and 
 the pictures both in his own book, and it soundeth much to 
 the diminution of his deeds that he alone is the herald to 
 publish and proclaim them." The remains of Smith were 
 interred in Saint Sepulchre's church, chiefly erected by the 
 ancestors of the Popham family, next to a fair and large 
 inn, without Newgate, called the Saracen's Head, where an 
 old chronicler mentions that "the carriers of Oxford do 
 lodge, and are there on Wednesday or almost any day " and 
 here Smith in the poverty of his last days may have often 
 lounged, an appropriate place to tell the story of his taking 
 three Turks' heads. But a few days after his burial the 
 Privy Council appointed a new commission to consider how 
 the plantation of Virginia now standeth, and to consider 
 what commodity may be raised, in those parts." The com- 
 missioners* were chiefly members of the old London Com- 
 pany and George Sandys who had returned from James- 
 town wished to be Secretary of the body. A vigorous effort 
 was made to restore the charter of the old Virginia Com- 
 
 ■ Rymer, Vol. XIX, p. 301. 
 
 The commissioners were : 
 
 Earl of Dorset, Sir Kenelm Digby, Knight. 
 
 Earl of Danby, " John Zouch, Kt. 
 
 Sir John Coke, Knight, " John Davis, Kt. 
 
 " Robert Killigrew, Kt., " John Banks, Esq. 
 
 " Thos. Boa, " Samuel Wrote. 
 
 " Robert Heath, Kt., " George Sandys, Esq. 
 
 " Heneage Finch, Kt. " John Wolstenholme, Esq. 
 
 " Duddli-y Diggs, Kt. " Nicholas Ferrar, Esq. 
 
 " John Wolstenholme, Kt. " Gabriel Barber, Esq. 
 
 " Francis Wyatt, Kt., " John Ferrar, Esq., 
 
 " John Brooke, Kt. " Thomas Gibb, Esq. 
 
86 VIRGINIA GAEOLORUM. 
 
 pany, by the Ferrars and others, but the colonists, who at 
 the time of its abrogation preferred the officers appointed 
 by the London corporation, to the place hunters sent over 
 by the king, had begun to reap the fruit of their own in- 
 dustry and were more independent, and they were opposed 
 to any step that would again make them the serfs of Lon- 
 don merchants. While a new charter was prepared, the 
 king at the last wisely refused his approval.^ 
 
 Some of the founders of Boston and the adjacent towns in 
 Massachusetts, were connected by social and family ties with 
 the leading planters in. the valley of the James Eiver. Rich- 
 ard, the eldest son of Sir Richard Saltonstall, Kt., in Novem- 
 ber, 1631, visited Virginia, on his way to England to be 
 married.^ Herbert Pelham born in 1546, married the sister of 
 Lord Delaware, the Grovernor General, and of Francis West, 
 Deputy Governor of Virginia. His son Herbert, by his 
 first wife, in 1599, married Penelope, another daughter. 
 Her daughter also named Penelope, married in Boston the 
 well known Governor, Richard Dillingham, and her son Her- 
 bert, born in 1600, was the first treasurer of Harvard Col- 
 lege. The daughter of Herbert married Governor Josiah 
 Winslow of Boston. 
 
 William Brewester, the leader of the Plymouth seperatists 
 when a young man was in the service of William Davison, 
 
 ' On March 3, 1633, a communication from Whitehall was received by the 
 Attorney General that the old Virginia adventurers having accepted a new 
 charter of restitution, he should not pass any grant or patent without a proviso 
 or exception of all formerly granted to the late Virginia Company. 
 
 " In Hotten's List of Passengers in the " Suzan and Ellin" for New England, 
 appear the names of Richard Saltonstall 33 yeai's, his wife Merriall 33 years, 
 and babe Merriall 9 months old ; also the following: " May 15, 1635, Penelopy 
 Pelham 16 years to passe to her brothers Plantacon." 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 87 
 
 ambassador of Queen Elizabeth at the Hague, and while 
 there an elder of the Presbyterian church at Delft/ and 
 soon after Brewster landed on the New England coast, Chris- 
 topher, the second son of his employer, arrived at James- 
 town, as Secretary of the Virginia Colony. 
 
 Before the close of the year 1632, trading vessels fre- 
 quently passed from Virginia to New England. The bark, 
 Warwick, of about eighty tons burthen, with ten pieces 
 of ordnance under Captain Walter Neale, was sent by 
 London merchants in March, 1630, "for the discovery of 
 the great lake in New England so to have intercepted the 
 trade of beaver " and arrived about the first of June at 
 Piscataqua. After returning to England, the owners sent 
 her again with ' ' a factor to take charge of the trade goods, 
 also a soldier" for discovery." The factor was Henry Fleet, 
 whose arrival from Virginia in 1627, had created in London 
 a great interest. The' " Warwick," on the 19th of Septem- 
 ber, 1631, again cast anchor in Piscataqua harbor, and from 
 thence sailed for Virginia, John Dunton being master of the 
 vessel. After a short stay in the James Eiver, the ship 
 entered the Potomac river, and Fleet stopped at the Indian 
 village Yowaccomoco, where he had traded before, and in 
 time, to be the capital of the Province of Maryland, by his 
 advice, a province whose charter had not then been written. 
 Purchasing eight hundred bushels of corn from the natives, 
 
 ' William Boswell, then ambassador at the Hague, on March 18, 1633, wrote 
 of the distressed state of church government among the merchant adventures at 
 Delft., that it was entirely Presbyterian, and continued " Mr. Davison, Queen 
 Elizabeth's ambassador was an elder in this church." (jol. State Papers. 
 
 ' N. E. Hist., Gen. Register July, 1867, p. 234. 
 
88 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 he sailed for New England on the 6th of December, but 
 owing to bad weather, he did not until the 10th of January, 
 1631-2, leave Point Comfort. On Tuesday, the 7th of Feb- 
 ruary, he arrived at Piscataqua with his acceptable cargo, 
 and on the 6th of March, he went to the Isle of Shoals for 
 a supply of provisions for a return voyage to Virginia. The 
 " Warwick" on the 16th came to the "Winysemett" now 
 Chelsea, where resided the hospitable Samuel Warwick, in a 
 house, built in 1625, " fortified with a pillizado, and flankers 
 and gunnes both, below, and above." Winthrop mentions 
 under date of March 24, l(i31-2. "The 'Bark Warwick' 
 arrived at Natescua having been at Piscataquak and Salem 
 to sell corn, brought from Vii-ginia." On the 2lst of Feb- 
 ruary, 1631-2, a legislative assembly convened at James- 
 town, and the councillors were Francis and John West, ^ 
 Samuel Mathews,^ William Claiborne,' Nathaniel Basse,* 
 John Dtie," WiUiam Tucker," and Eichard Stephens.' 
 
 The councillors Henry Finch, Christopher Cooling, Wil- 
 liam Peirce and Thomas Purify were absent. For the first 
 
 ' Brothers of Lord Delaware. 
 ' Samuel Mathews, see p. 20. 
 3 See p. 24. 
 
 * Nathaniel Basse aged 41 years came in 1622, in the ship " Furtherance ' ' 
 After the decease of Capt. Christopher Lawne, he and his associates had Lawne's 
 Plantation called Isle of Wight. History of Virginia Company, p. i94. 
 
 s John Utie came in the " Francis Bonaventura " and settled on Hog Islan d 
 near Jamestown. 
 
 ' William Tucker, see p. 40. 
 
 ' Richard Stephens arrived in 1623, and soon had a duel with George Har- 
 rison who died a few days after, from a wound received. Governor Harvey 
 subsequently had a fight with him and knocked out his teeth with a cudgel. 
 After the death of Stephens, Harvey married his widow. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 89 
 
 time, the first day of the week, in one of the acts of this 
 legislature, is called Sunday instead of the Sabbath ; the 
 act may have been prepared at the suggestion of Laud then 
 Bishop of London, who was opposed to the use of the latter 
 word. It was enacted "that the Statutes for comminge to 
 Church every Sunday and holy days bee duly executed." 
 These statutes however inclined to the strictness of the 
 Mosaic system. Every one absent from church was fined a 
 pound of tobacco for each absence ; if absent for a month, 
 without good reason the penalty was fifty pounds of tobacco. 
 At this session, it was also ordered that " Mynisters shall 
 not give themselves to excesse in drinking or riott, spend- 
 ing their tyme idellye by day or night, playing at dice, cards, 
 or any other unlawful! game ; but at all tyme convenient 
 they shall heare or reade somewhat of the Holy Scriptures 
 or shall occupie themselves with some other honest study or 
 exercise always doing the things which shall appertayne to 
 honesty, and endeavour to profit the Church of God always 
 showing in mynd that they ought to excell all others in 
 puritie of life, and should be examples to the people to live 
 well and Christianlike." 
 
 As yet the Colony had no State House but the burgesses 
 were required to attend divine service in the room where 
 they held their sessions, at the third beating of the drum, 
 an hour after sunrise, and if absent without proper excuse 
 were fined one shilling. 
 
 The increase of population led to the extension of monthly 
 courts, and those appointed justices in March, 1631-2 (0. S.), 
 were among the most prominent citizens, and their names 
 are worthy of preservation. 
 12 
 
90 yiEGIlSriA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Monthly Courts. 
 
 Upper parts of Charles City and Henrico. 
 
 William Ferrar, Quorum,* Oapfc. Francis Epes, Capt. 
 Thomas Pawlett,^ Capt. Thomas Osborne/ Capt. Thomas 
 Palmer/ Walter Aston, Gent. 
 
 Warwick River. 
 Capt. Samuel Mathews, Quorum, Capt. Eichard Stephens, 
 Capt. Thomas Flint, Zackary Cripps, Gent., John Brewer, 
 Gent., Thomas Seeley, Gent. 
 
 WarrosquoyacTce. 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel Basse, Quorum, Thomas Jordan, Gent., 
 Wilham Hutchinson, Gent., Eichard Bennett, John Upton, 
 Gent. 
 
 Elizabeth City. 
 €apt. William Tucker, Quorum, William English, Gent., 
 Capt. Thos. Willoughby, Capt. Thos. Purifrie, Esq., 
 Quorum, John Arundell, Gent., George Downes, Gent., 
 Adam Thoroughgood. 
 
 Accawmacke. 
 Capt. William Claiborne, Quorum, Obedience Eobins, 
 Gent., Eoger Saunders, Gent., Capt. Thos. Graves, Quorum, 
 Charles Harman, Gent. 
 
 ' In commissions when one was designated quorum his presence was neces- 
 sary to the validity of a meeting. 
 
 ' Pawlett was 48 years of age, in 1618, came in the " Neptune." 
 
 *Came in November, 1619, in the "Bona Nova." 
 
 ■* Arrived In the " Tiger," in November, 1631, with his wife Joane, and child 
 Priscilla, eleven years old. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 91 
 
 Three of these persons could form a legal court provided 
 two were quorums. Appeal could be taken to the General 
 Court at Jamestown, composed of the members of the 
 Council. 
 
 Councillor Basse, in March, was authorized to invite those 
 of New England who disliked " coldness of climate or bar- 
 reness of soil " to emigrate to the shore of Delaware Bay. 
 
 On Monday, April 9, 1632 (0. S.), the bark " Warwick " 
 left Boston, with a pinnace of twenty tons belonging to 
 Samuel Maverick. The pinnace proceeded up the Potomac 
 River, but Fleet in the "Warwick" stopped at Accomac, 
 and on the 16th of May, accompanied by Claiborne in 
 another small vessel, also sailed for the Potomac River. 
 When he reached Yowocomaco he learned that Charles 
 Harman of Accomac had been in the region, but three days 
 before, and obtained three hundred pounds of beaver. As- 
 cending the stream, Fleet on the 26th of May arrived at an 
 Indian village on Potomac creek, in what is now Stafford 
 county, Virginia,' and here he found Maverick's pinnace 
 laden with corn, which on the first of June, departed for 
 
 ' This village for years had been a point at which the English had traded. 
 On the 30th of June, 1640, Capt. Claiborne was granted 3000 acres at the town 
 of Potomack, bounded on each side, by the place were this fort was formerly 
 built by the English, anno 1633. In Harpers Magazine for January, 1886, Mon- 
 cure Conway describes an old tombstone in this vicinity which a few years ago 
 had the following rude inscription, in letters If inches long. 
 
 HERE LIES INTERED 
 THE BODY OP EDMOND 
 HELDER PREcTIONER IN 
 PHYSICK AND CHYRURGB 
 RY. BORN IN BEDFORDB 
 SHIRE OBIIT MARCH 11 
 1618. S ATATIS SUA Y6. 
 
92 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 New England. Fleet remained and obtained a large amount 
 of beaver from the Nacostines or Anacostans who resided 
 where, now, is the city of Washington. 
 
 On the 26th of June, his vessel anchored two leagues 
 below the Falls of the Potomac. He passed several weeks 
 in trading with the Indians, and on the 28th of August met 
 a pinnace, with eight persons, one of whom was Charles 
 Harman, a rival trader, and another John Utie of the Vir 
 ginia Council. The latter arrested him, by order of the 
 Council, and on the 7th of September, the "Wai'wick" 
 anchored at Jamestown. 
 
 Governor Harvey, always fond of money, saw that Fleet 
 might be a profitable acquaintance. Fleet, in his Journal 
 writes : The Governor bearing himself like a noble gentle- 
 man showed me very much favor and used me with unex- 
 pected courtesy. Captain Utye (Utie) did acquaint the 
 Council with the success of the voyage, and every man 
 Beemed to be desirous to be a partner with me, in these em- 
 ployments, I made as fair weather as might be with them, 
 to the end in question, and what they would or could object, 
 that I might see what issue it would come to. The Court 
 was called the 14th of September, when an order was made 
 and I find the Governor hath favoured me therein. After 
 this day, I had free power to dispose of myself. " 
 
 The owners of the "Warwick"' in London, two years after 
 made legal complaint that by authority of Governor Harvey, 
 Henry Fleet had retained the ship, to their great loss. 
 
 ' The " Warwick" never returned to London. Winthrop under date of June 
 30,1636, wrote;; "Warrant to the constable of Dorchester to inventory and 
 apprize the rigging of bark Warwick, cast away." Harris in 1804, wrote " Near 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORVM. 93 
 
 The legislature was in session when Utie returned to 
 Jamestown with Fleet, and Charles Harman sat as a bur- 
 gess from Accomac, and Nicholas Martain from the new 
 plantation of Kiskeyake. 
 
 To restrain trade among the Indians of the Potomac Eiver 
 it was enacted that all vessels coming into Virginia waters 
 should report at Jamestown. About this time, a small 
 vessel was sent from Virginia to explore the valley of the 
 Delaware Eiver, and trade with the natives, and Capt. De 
 Vries was told by the Indians, that they had killed all on 
 board. 
 
 The year 1633, witnessed a large increase of population, a 
 larger tobacco crop, with more attention to the cultivation 
 of corn, and raising of cattle, and the colony was becoming 
 a granary for New England } 
 
 Among those who arrived as a planter, was William But- 
 ton, supposed to have been the nephew of Captain Button, 
 the Hudson Bay explorer, the name of whose pilot. Nelson, 
 was given to that river whose waters flow from Lake Win- 
 nepeg, into which also flow those of the Eed Eiver of 
 Minnesota. He had been the captain of a ship in the ex- 
 pedition against Eochelle and was not a stranger to Governor 
 Harvey. At the request of the planters, in February 1634, 
 
 tbis place [Commercial Point, Dorchester] is a Bmall creek which hears the 
 name of ' Barque Warwick' from a small vessel which ran aground here, two 
 or three years after the first settlement of the town, the remains of which are 
 still to be seen." W. B. T., In N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, July, 1867, writes: 
 " My father's estate was bounded southerly on this same creek, and the street 
 in front of the house, in which I was born, now Commercial Street, was in my 
 younger days ' Barque Warwick' Street." 
 
 In 1632, there were 5000 bushels of corn raised and in 1634, 10,000 bushels. 
 
94 VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 
 
 he went to England, and presented * their wants, to the 
 Privy Council. His mission was successful, and it was 
 ordered that the planters should "enjoy all the privileges 
 they had before the Virginia Company's patent was abro- 
 gated, and that the Governor and Council, as was the cus- 
 tom before 1625, might grant lands to freemen." 
 
 For his services Button was allowed to select lands on 
 either side of the Appomattox Eiver. He died before 1639, 
 and his widow became the wife of Ralph Wyatt, who had 
 been wounded in the expedition against the Isle of Ehe.' 
 
 The tobacco trade had now become so extensive that 
 Dutch as well as English ships sought the landings of the 
 planters. De Vries, an experienced Dutch captain, on the 
 9th of March, 1633, in a vessel from Manhattan now New 
 York city, reached the frail fort that had been erected by 
 Oapt. Samuel Mathews at Point Comfort, by direction of the 
 legislature. When he went to Jamestown he found Gov- 
 ernor Harvey at the wharf, with an escort of " some hal- 
 berdeers and musketeers," by whom he was cordially 
 received, taken to his home, proffered a glass of sack, and 
 invited to stay all night. In conversation the Governor dis- 
 covered that he had known De Vries in the East Indies. 
 The Dutch captain was astonished at finding so many of 
 the planters inveterate gamblers, even staking their ser- 
 vants, and told them he had ' ' never seen such work in 
 Turkey or Barbary." 
 
 ' Children of Hawte Wyatt, minister of Jamestown, and brother of the Gov- 
 ernor, are said to have settled in Virginia. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 95 
 
 On the 15th of June, Captain Stone, whom De Vries had 
 met at the Governor's table, sailed into the beautiful harbor 
 of Manhattan. His relatives in England were said to have 
 been respectable and influential people, but his bearing was 
 that of a pirate. He strutted, swaggered, swore horribly, 
 indulged in lewd conversation, and ignored the ten command- 
 ments, which he had read in childhood on the tablets of 
 parish churches. While on a carouse with Governor Von 
 Twiller of Manhattan, he persuaded him to permit the seizing 
 of a vessel from Plymouth colony, in charge of a member 
 of its Council who had finished trading, and was about to 
 return with a good cargo. Alleging that some]of the Ply- 
 mouth sailors had spoken reproachfully of Virginia, while 
 the merchant and several of the chief men, were on shore, 
 Stone went aboard, with some of his crew, and compelled 
 those in the Plymouth vessel to steer for Virginia. Several 
 Dutch sailors who had been to Plymouth, and kindly 
 treated there, said, "shall we suffer our friends to be thus 
 abused before our faces, while our Governor is drunk ? " 
 and procuring a pinnace sailed after, and brought the 
 vessel back. 
 
 The next day Captain Stone, and Governor Von Twiller 
 were sober, and asked the captain of the Plymouth vessel 
 not to take legal steps, to which he consented, but when 
 Stone arrived in Massachusetts Bay to sell some cows, and 
 salt, the Plymouth Colony sent brave Miles Standish to 
 prosecute him, in the General Court of Massachusetts, and 
 he was also bound over to appear in', the. Admiralty Court 
 of England, but the Plymouth people discovering that they 
 
96 VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 
 
 could not make good the charge of piracy, his sureties were 
 released. 
 
 While in Boston, his conduct was boisterous, and he 
 sneeringly called Eoger Ludlow, one of the General Court, 
 a just ass, a play upon the word justice, which office he 
 held. Found in bed, one night, with another man's wife, 
 he was brought before the Governor, and "though it 
 appeared he was in drink, and no act to be proved, yet it 
 was thought fit he should abide his trial," and his pinnace 
 was stayed,' but he refused to obey the warrant, and fled- 
 Command was given to the soldiers to take him dead or 
 alive, and he was found in a corn field near Dorchester.' 
 Brought before the Boston court, the Grand Jury did not 
 find sufficient evidence to sustain the charge of adultery.' 
 The court however, in September, made this order :^ " Cap- 
 tain John Stone for his outrage committed in confronting 
 authority, abuseing Mr. Ludlowe both in words and be- 
 haviour, assaulting him, calling him a iust [just] ass is fined 
 CI and p'hibited comeing within this pattent w"" out leave 
 from the Gou'rm't under the penalty of death." 
 
 After this, with some gentlemen, he visited Plymouth, 
 and was courteously received, but soon quarreled with the 
 Governor, and drew his dagger.* On his return to Virginia, 
 he sailed into the Connecticut Eiver to trade with the 
 
 ' Winthrop. 
 
 • Clapp. 
 
 » Winthrop. 
 
 * Maesachusetts^Bay Eecords, Vol. 1, p. 108. 
 i Bradford. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 97 
 
 Pequods, and his company, eight in all, were killed. 
 Three of his men while on shore, hunting, were first slain ; 
 then the chief with other Indians came into the cabin, and 
 stayed until Stone fell asleep, when they killed him with a 
 tomahawk. The rest of the crew were in the cook's room, 
 which the Indians entering, the powder exploded by acci- 
 dent. The Indians jumped overboard, but soon returned 
 and killed those on board, took their clothes and goods, and 
 burned the pinnace. Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts, 
 wrote to Governor Harvey of Virginia, that the Indians 
 should be punished, and thus began the Pequod war.^ 
 
 In the autumn of 1633, a ship arrived at Jamestown with 
 Edward Kingsmell and family, and a Mr. Wingate, wife, 
 child, and forty other passengers on their way to begin a 
 settlement in Carolana, now written Carolina, but owing to 
 some misunderstanding they were carried to, and left in 
 Virginia. Kingsmell instituted a suit against Samuel 
 Vassal of London for breach of contract, and he was im- 
 prisoned for some time. 
 
 ' Jonathan Brewster the son of the Plymouth leader, in 1636, had a trading 
 post on the shores of the Connecticut Biver, andhe wrote that it was the Pequod 
 chief, Sassacus who killed Stone. 
 
 13 
 
CHAPTEE IV. 
 
 AFFAIRS OF THE COLONY FROM A.D. 1634 to A. D. 1638. 
 Sbttleks of Maeyland abeivb. Thomas Coenwallis Chief 
 
 COUNCILLOE, AND THEKE-FOUETHS OF MaEYLAND CoLONISTS 
 
 Peotbstant in Faith. Ancestey of Coenwallis. Fiest 
 commissionees foe plantations. woodhouse asks to be go- 
 VEENOE. Route to Wbstken Ocean. Exploration of Dela- 
 WAEB RivEE. Mode of Immigeation. Sie. Edwaed Veeney's 
 son. Plantations of Mathews and Mbnefib. Notices of 
 Stonee, Kemp, and Lidcott. Census A. D., 1635. Dispute 
 WITH Gov. Hakvey. Lettee to Sie John Zouch. Gov. Hae- 
 VEY GOES TO England. Sbttlees nbae Philadelphia. N"ab- 
 EATivE OF Gov. John West. Visit of Maveeick of Boston. 
 Gov. Haevey's eetuen. Seegbant Ma joe Donne. Noepolk 
 County named. Capt. Thomas Stegg, Geoegk Ludlow Mee- 
 chant. Benoni Buck the fiest Idiot boen in Vieginia. 
 
 ?NDEE the charter granted, in 1632, to George Cal- 
 vert, the first Lord Baltimore, his son and suc- 
 cessor Cecil, helped by some friends, sent out a 
 Colony to the Province of Maryland, in a ship and pin- 
 nace, which on the 24:th of February, 1633-34, arrived at 
 the mouth of the James Eiver. 
 
 While Leonard Calvert, the brother of the second Lord 
 Baltimore, was the ostensible Governor of Maryland, the 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 99 
 
 leading spirit was the chief councillor Thomas Cornwallis,^ 
 a man of more distinguished ancestry, and an adherent of 
 the church of England. 
 
 More than three-fourths of the first settlers of Maryland 
 were Protestants' while those who adhered to the Church 
 of Eome were " for the most part poor." 
 
 ' Thomas Cornwallis, a meroliant, and sheriflF of London in the days of 
 Richard the Second, was a remote ancestor of the Maryland councillor, and also 
 of the Lord Cornwallis who surrendered to Washington at Torktown, Virginia. 
 The great grandfather of the Maryland councillor was Sir Thomas, knighted 
 by Queen Mary, and builder of Browne Hall. The following pasquinades 
 appeared in his time : 
 
 " Who built Brown Hall ? Sir Thomas^Cornwallis. 
 How did he build it ? By selling of Calais." 
 
 Another was 
 
 " Sir Thomas Cornwallis what got you for Calais ? 
 Browne Hall, Browne Hall, as large as a palace." 
 
 His tombstone is oblong, of black and white marble, and upon it is a recumbent 
 statue with feet resting on a stag, the family crest, and on it is inscribed " Sir 
 Thomas Cornwallis, son of Sir John, Comptroller of the Household to Queen 
 Mary, Treasurer of Galleys, dyed 36 Dec, 1604, aged 86." 
 
 The grandfather of Thomas of Maryland was Charles, knighted by King 
 James, and ambassador to Spain. His father was Sir William, and his mother 
 Catherine, daughter of s^ir Philip of Erwarton Suffolk. Hia uncle Thomas 
 married Anna, daughter of Samuel Bevercott, the predecessor of William Brew- 
 ster, who became leader of the Plymouth Colonists, as postmaster at Scrooby. 
 
 A son of the Maryland councillor, Thomas, born 1663, was Rector of Erwar- 
 ton, and afterward of Bradley Parvain Suffolk, England. 
 
 A grandson of the Couucillor William born in 1708, was Rector of Wenham 
 Mag. and Chelmondester Suffolk. 
 
 A great grandson, also named William born in 1751, was Rector of Whiters- 
 ham and Blam in Kent and his daughter Caroline Frances, was a talented woman, 
 scholar and authoress, who died January 8, 1858. 
 
 = This fact is mentioned in a letter written by a Jesuit, to his Superior in 
 England. The whole letter was first published in the third volume of " Records 
 of the English Province of the Society Jesus," Burns and Oates, London, It 
 was reprinted in this country, by the writer of this note, in Pennsylvania His- 
 torical Society Magazine, Volume V, 1881. Reference also, to it will be found in 
 
100 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 The arrival of the Baltimore Colony to take possession of 
 lands, already cultivated, and settled by Virginians, led to 
 years of controversy. On the 14th of March, 1634, at a 
 meeting of the Governor and Council of Virginia, Capt. 
 WiUiam Claiborne, ' ' requested the opinion of the Board 
 how he should demean himself in respect of the Lord 
 Baltimore's Plantations Patent, and his deputies, now 
 seated in the Bay, for that they had signified unto Captain 
 Claiborne, that he was now a member of their plantation, 
 and therefore, should relinquish all relations and depend- 
 ence on this Colony. It was answered, by the Board, that 
 they wondered why there should be any such question 
 made, that they knew no reason why they should render 
 up the Eight of that Place of the Isle of Kent more than 
 any other formerly given to the Colony, by his Ma"" Patent, 
 and that the right of my Lord's Grant being yet undeter- 
 mined in England, we are bound in duty and by our Oaths 
 to maintain the Eights and Privileges of the Colony. 
 Nevertheless in all humble Submission to his Majestie's 
 Pleasure we resolve to keep and observe all good Correspon- 
 dency with them, no way doubting that they on their parts 
 will intrench upon his the Interest of this, his Majestys 
 Plantation." 
 
 Governor Harvey, in a letter to Secretary Windebank, a 
 friend of Lord Baltimore, vividly described the situation. 
 
 " Sir : I shall put the daye wherein I did that service to 
 my Lord Baltimore which deserved thankes from your 
 
 Bradley Johnson's " Foundation of Maryland " published in 1883, by Maryland 
 Historical Society, and in Neill's " Maryland in the Beginning," Cushings and 
 Bailey, Baltimore, 1884 
 
VIRGINIA CAEOLORUM. IQl 
 
 Honor, into the accompt of my happie days, next unto that 
 day wherein I was designed to doe his Majestie service in 
 this place; and for the respect I owe to your Honor, and for 
 the Noblenes I know to be in my Lord Baltimore and his de- 
 signes I doe promise your Honor to do him, and his, all the 
 service I am able, but I must sincerely let your Honor know 
 that my power heere is not greate, it being limited by my 
 Commission to the greater number of Voyces at the Coun- 
 cell Table, and there I have almost all against me in what- 
 ever I can propose, especially, if it concerns Maryland; and 
 these proceedings of the Councell do so embolden others, 
 that notwithstanding the obligation of Christianitie and his 
 Maj"" commands to be assisting to them, in their first be- 
 ginning ; many are so averse as that they crye and make it 
 their familiar talk, that they would rather knock their 
 Cattell in the heads than sell them to Maryland. 
 
 " I am sorry it is not in my power to rule these exorbitant 
 courses, but for their present accommodation I sent unto 
 them some Cowes of myne owne, and will do my best to 
 procu'.-e them more, or anything else tliey stand in need of. 
 
 "This faction I find great cause to suspect is nourished from 
 England, for this summer came letters to Capt. Mathewes 
 who is the patron of disorder, as your Honor will under- 
 stand by the bearer hereof. Lieutenant Evelin (and by his 
 comportment in other matters as your Honor will find in 
 these papers) upon the reading whereof hee threw his hatt 
 upon the ground, scratching his head, and in a fury stamp- 
 ing, cryed a pox upon Maryland ; many letters and secrett 
 intelligences hee and the rest of the Councell hav^e, espe- 
 cially Olayborne, and many meetings and consultations for 
 
102 VIRGINIA GAROLOnUM. 
 
 which Letters if I had power to search and examine their 
 Consultations, I doubt not but to find notable combinations. 
 I have written at large of the estate of the Oolonie to the 
 Lords in generall, to which I remitt your Honor, humbly 
 craving pardon for my brevity which is enforced by my 
 indisposition of health at this tyme, so humbly presenting 
 to your Honor, my best service and respects I take my leave 
 and still will rest. 
 
 " Your Humble, very affectionate servant, 
 
 " John Harvey." 
 "Virginia, 16th December, 1634:." 
 
 In April, 1634, the King appointed Commissioners for 
 Plantations', and among other powers, were authorized to 
 make laws, ordinances, and constitutions, to provide for the 
 support of the clergy with the advice of two or three bishops, 
 to remove any Governor and appoint a successor, to choose 
 bishop's suffragan with the advice of the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, and to revoke any grant of land surreptitiously 
 obtained. 
 
 Henry Woodhouse, who had been Governor of Bermuda, 
 and served in the Isle of Ehe and Rochelle expeditions, this 
 year, applied to be Governor of Virginia, and it was 
 rumored that he had been appointed. A friend of Governor 
 
 ' The commissioners designated in the proclamation were William Laud, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury ; Thomas, Lord Coventry, the keeper of the Great Seal ; 
 Kichard Neile, Archbishop of Yorke ; Richard, Earl of Portland, the High 
 Treasurer ; Henry, Earl of Manchester, keeper of Privy Seal ; Thomas, Earl of 
 Arundel, and Surrey, Marshal ofEugland ; Edvpard, Earl of Dorset, Chamberlain 
 to the Queen ; Francis, Lord Cottington, the Chancellor ; Thomas Edmonds, 
 Kt., Treasurer of the Household ; Henry Vane, Kt., Comptroller of the House- 
 hold ; John Cooke Kt., Secretary ; Francis Widebank, Kt., Secretary. 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 103 
 
 Winthrop of Massachusetts, wrote from London, ' ' that 
 there were ships and soldiers provided, and given out as 
 carrying the new Grovernor, Captain Woodhouse,^ to Vir- 
 ginia." In his petition, Woodhouse urged that Harvey had 
 already served more than the usual term of three years. 
 The appointment for some reason was delayed, and the 
 next year the petitioner again applied. 
 
 The occupation of Quebec by the EngUsh led to informa- 
 tion of seas to the westward, and renewed the desire to dis- 
 cover an inland passage to Asia, through North America. 
 In the days of Queen Ehzabeth, Apsley, a London dealer in 
 gew-gaws and playing cards, wrote to a friend, that he ex- 
 pected to live long enough to see a letter in three months 
 carried from London, to China, across the American conti- 
 
 ' Woodhouse was Governor of Bermudas from 1623 to 1636. He was a member 
 of the Virginia Assembly in 1647, and also in 1652, from Lower Norfolk. 
 
 Among the papers in Her Majestys' Public Record oflSce, London, is the fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 " To the King's Most Excellent Matie 
 
 The humble peticon of 
 
 Hknrt Woodhouse. 
 
 Humbly sheweth that whereas your Matie hath been graciously pleased neere 
 four yeares past to promise your Peticoner the Governor's place of Virginia the 
 settling of wch Plantacon hath bene of suche long continuance that yor peti- 
 coner starveth with the expectation. And having lost £600 of his arrears, 
 and £60 of yearly intertainment in Suffolk, never having received one penny 
 for his employment on the Isle of Bey and Rochell. Captain Talbott enjoying 
 the command of Tillbury Fort given by your Matie bee pleased to give a final 
 end to his tedious suite. 
 
 " Hee, therefore humbly prayeth your Matie will graciously declare your pleas- 
 ure, and make your peticoner enjoy the happiness of your Maties favour by 
 giveing your warrant for the drawing of his Commission whereby your Peticoner 
 shall avoid further troubling of your Matie who is absolutaly undone without 
 yor Maties immediate dispatch. And hee shall (as in duty ever bound) daily 
 continue his prayers for your Maties long and most prosperous raigne." 
 
104 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 nent, between the forty-third and forty -sixth parallels of 
 north latitude. In the days of King Charles, one wrote : 
 " Now all the question is only how broad the land may be at 
 that place from the James Eiver above the Falls, but all men 
 conclude it to be not narrow, yet, that there is, and will be 
 found the like rivers issuing in a South Sea c a West Sea, 
 on the other side of these hills, as there is on this side where 
 they run from the West, down into the East, after a course 
 of one hundred and fifty miles, but of this certainty Mr. 
 Henri Briggs, that most judicious and learned mathemati- 
 cian wrote a small tractate, and presented it, to that most 
 noble Earl of Southampton, the Governor of the Virginia 
 Company in England, Anno, 1623, to which I refer for full 
 information. And by such a discovery the planters of Vir- 
 ginia shall gain the rich trade of the East Indies, and so 
 cause it to be drawn through the continent of Virginia, 
 part by land, and part by water, in a most gainful way, 
 and safe and far less expenseful and dangerous than it now 
 is. And yet they doubt not to find some rich and beneficial 
 country and commodities not yet known to the world that 
 lies west and by south now from the Plantation." Joseph 
 Mede on Sept. 14, 1623, wrote to Sir Martin StufeeviUe ; ' 
 "It is said that Capt. Button hath discovered the Hudson's 
 passage so far, as it is supposed, he came up to the Virginian 
 Bay." 
 
 In 1630 the bark " Warwick " arrived at the mouth of the 
 Piscataqua Eiver, New England, with a party sent for " dis- 
 covery of the great Lake " and m 1633, Thomas Young, 
 born in London, more than fifty years of age, petitioned 
 
 ' Court and Times of Charles the First. 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 105 
 
 the King to be allowed at his own charges, to discover and 
 search the unexplored parts of Virginia and adjacent regions, 
 and that he would "graciously be pleased to signifie by 
 His royaU letters to all the colonies of America, and in very 
 particular manner the Governor and OounceU of Virginia, 
 and to let them understand that he is well satisfied of the 
 fldelitie, allegiance, loyaU proceeding, and great devotion 
 of Mr. Young, to his Majesties Service^ and that therefore 
 he hath employed him, together with his nephew, Mr. 
 EobertEvelin."' 
 
 On the 23d of September, 1633, a special commission' was 
 issued to Young, authorizing him to fit out ships, appoint 
 officers, and make explorations without molestation from 
 any of the colonial authorities of America. Among his 
 assistants were a surgeon named Scott, and Alexander 
 Baker, of St. Holborn's Parish, Middlesex, who had been con- 
 fined " in regard of some questions which occurred long ago 
 concerning conscience, but now at Uberty," who was to be 
 the cosmographer, examiner of mines and trier of metals. ^ 
 
 In April, 1634, Young wrote to Secretary Windebank, 
 that he wished to sail as soon as possible and "that he be 
 pleased to send for Mr. Robinson, the King's searcher at 
 Gravesend, and to signifie to him, in his Majesties name 
 that Mr. Young, his nephew Mr. Evelin, Mr. Baker his 
 Cosmographer, and Mr. Scott his Phisition, have already 
 
 ' Toung'B letter is given in full in Scull's Bhelyn» in America, pp. 55, 56. 
 
 " Robert Evelyn, second son of Robert of Qoodstone, Surrey, and wife Susanna , 
 daughter of Gregory Young, of London, was born about A. D. 1595. 
 
 3 Rymer, Vol. XIX. 
 * Scull's Evelyns, p. 67. 
 14 
 
106 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 given satisfaction to his Majestie, in swearing their allegiance, 
 and that therefore, they are not more to be questioned in 
 that point. * * * * Mr. Young humbly desires that 
 some verie particular order may be given by His Majestie to 
 my Lord Keeper for the pressing and keeping private of 
 these articles from being seene or knowne by any. Pray, 
 Sir, remember to ask if their be anie new Governor shortly 
 to be made in Virginia."^ 
 
 On the 16th of May, 1634, he was able to sail from Fal- 
 mouth, with two vessels, but on the voyage was exposed to 
 storms, and the larger ship became leaky. On the 4th of 
 of July he had reached Point Comfort, and Captain Clai- 
 borne of the Isle of Kent, in a small bark, arrived about the 
 same time and passed the night on board his ship. The 
 next day he had an interview with Governor Harvey, and 
 Thomas Cornwallis, the chief councillor of the new province 
 of Maryland, and then visited Jamestown. 
 
 On the 20th of July, his ship being repaired and provisioned 
 and shallop built, he proceeded on his exploration of the 
 Delaware Eiver. On the 23d of August, he reached a 
 lesser river which feU into the Delaware, supposed to 
 have been the Schuylkill, and remained five days trading 
 with the Indians, and then continued his ascent, and on 
 the 29th reached shallow water. On the 1st of September, 
 Lieutenant Robert Evelin went up in the shallop to the 
 Falls of the Delaware. While the Dutch at Manhattan occa- 
 sionally traded with the Indians, their post, Fort Nassau, 
 was not then occupied. In a report written from the shores 
 
 ' Scull's Eveljns, p. 68. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 107 
 
 of the Delaware Eiver on the 20th of October, to "Windebank, 
 Secretary of State, he discloses his hope of fiading a passage 
 to the Pacific ocean. His words are : " I passed by the 
 great river, which I mention to your Honour, with purpose 
 to have pursued the discovery thereof till I had found the 
 great lake, from which I am informed this great river 
 issueth, and from thence I have particular reason to believe 
 there doth also issue some branch, one or more, by which 
 I might have passed into that Mediterranean Sea, which the 
 Indian relateth to be four days journey beyond the moun- 
 tains ; but, having passed near fifteen leagues of the river, 
 I was stopped from further proceeding by a ledge of rocks 
 which crosseth the river over, so as I could not get over 
 with my vessel, by reason of the shallowness of the water, 
 which at high water riseth not above a foot and a half over 
 the rocks, and at low water the rocks are discovered five or 
 six foot deep, so that I determined against the next summer 
 to build a vessel which I will launch above the rocks, in which 
 I propose to go up to the lake [Lake Erie ?], from whence I 
 hope to find a way that leadeth into the Mediterranean Sea 
 [Lake Superior ? ] ; and from the lake, I judge, that it can- 
 not be less than 150 or 200 leagues to the North Ocean; and 
 from thence I propose to discover the mouths thereof, which 
 discharge themselves both into the North and South Seas. 
 But if I fail in arriving at the lake, which I am confident 
 I shall not, I will then take with me out of my vessel both 
 workmen, and provisions which shall be portable, for the 
 building of a small vessel, which I will carry those four 
 days journey over land, with a competent number of men, 
 and then I propose to cut down wood, and fit up a vessel upon 
 
108 VIRGINIA GAEOLOBVM. 
 
 the banks of that sea, and from thence make my discovery.'" 
 Evelin left Jamestown, with this letter about the middle 
 of December, and during the last week of May, 1636, he 
 sailed again for America to join his uncle Young upon 
 " special and very important service." 
 
 The exploration of the Delaware Eiver above the Falls 
 appears to have been abandoned, and an attempt to reach 
 the great inland lake was made by the Kennebec River. 
 Maverick, in his description of New England, writes :' " This 
 is a great and spreading Eiver, and runes very neer into 
 Canada. One Captaine Young and three men with him, 
 in the yeare 1636, went up the River upon discovery, and 
 only by Carying their canoes some few times, and not farr 
 by Land came into Canada River, very neare Kebeck Fort, 
 where by the French, Capt. Young was taken, and carried 
 for fErance, but his Company returned safe." 
 
 The Secretary of the Colony, under Harvey, in a report, 
 to the King's Secretary, mentions that "of hundreds of 
 people who arrived in the colony, scarce any but are 
 brought in as merchandize, to make sale." Agencies were 
 established in London, to procure servants for persons dis- 
 posed to invest money in tobacco plantations. Amid the 
 meaner sort of immigrants, occasionally landed some man 
 of family, and education, broken in fortune and reputation, 
 or some youth under the displeasure of parents, sent away 
 from home. Thomas, a son of Sir Edward Verney, in 
 1634, fell in love with one, whom his parents did not wish 
 
 ' Aspinwall Papers. 
 
 • Flrat printed in New England Hist, and Gen. Register, January, 1886. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 109 
 
 that he should marry, as he was only about nineteen years of 
 age, and the girl lower in social rank. After anxious de- 
 liberation it was decided to send him to Virginia, and the 
 mother opened a correspondence with an immigration agent 
 who lived in Bucklesbury, Oheapward, London, a street at 
 that time on both sides occupied by grocers, apothecaries, 
 and dealers in smaU wares. His reply is worthy of preser- 
 vation, as it contains the best description of the mode of pro- 
 curing servants and their transportation to Virginia, at that 
 period. He writes with the directness of one experienced 
 in his business: "If it will please Sir Edmond and your 
 ladyshipp to bee ruled by my aduise your sonne should haue 
 with him iij servants, at least, which may bee had heare, at 
 a dayes waminge ; but indede I desiered if it were possible 
 to have him bring a cooper out of the countrey, which wee 
 cannot get soe redily here. 
 
 " Every seruant hee sends ouer will stand him in xij" his 
 passage, and apparel fit for him, with other charges. After 
 his cumming into Verginia I doubt nott but my frends, I 
 haue there, hee shall bee well acomodated for his owne 
 person, and at a resonable rate, and his men maye likewise 
 be taken off his hande, and dyated for theyre worke, for 
 the first yeare, and with some advantage to your sonne be- 
 sides ; then, the next yeare, if hee shall like the country 
 and be mynded to staye, and settel a plantation himselfe, 
 these servants will bee seasoned, and bee enabled to direct 
 such others as shall bee sent vnto him, from hence, hear- 
 after ; or if hee shall nott like the country then he may sell 
 theyre tyme they haue to Serve him, vnto other men that 
 have neede of servants, and make a good beneffltt of them, 
 
110 TIBGIJSriA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 as alsoe of all such thiugs as he shall carry with him, for 
 ther is nothing that we carry from thence, but if it cost 20s. 
 heare, they doe geue there for it 30s. 
 
 ' ' Now, for his owne proper acomodation I must intreat 
 your Ladiship that he maye bring up with him a fether 
 bed, bolster, pillow, blanketts, rugg, and 3 payre of sheets 
 vnless you will please they shall bee bought heare ; it is 
 but a spare horse the more to bring them up. And let not 
 his staye be longer. If hee had come up nowe I had then 
 bespoake for him that accommodation (in regard to the inti- 
 masie I haue with the owners of this ship) which he cannot 
 haue in every ship, that goeth thether ; for he should have 
 layne in the greate cabbin, but I am afeared if wynde fayre 
 for them to be gone, they will not staye past iij or iiij days 
 longer at most. But howeeuer ther shal bee nothinge 
 wantinge in mee to doe the best I can to get him the best 
 acomodation I maye in some other shipp, if hee doe cum 
 toe late. 
 
 "Madam, the reason why I intreat your ladyshipp that hee 
 may haue with him, for his own particular vse a fether bed, 
 bolster, blanquetts, rugg, curtaynes, and vallance, is that 
 although many howsholds in Verginia are soe well prouided 
 as to entertayne a stranger with all thinges necessary for 
 the beUy, yet few or none better prouided for the back as 
 yeat them to serve theyre own turnes ; therefore 'tis neces- 
 sary that hee bee prouided. 
 
 " Now, if it will please your ladiship that he maye haue 
 ij men with him, I haue hear inclosed, and he might cum 
 time enough to goe awaye in this shipp which I soe much 
 
VmaiRIA CAROLOBUM. \\\ 
 
 desier hee should goe, for the good acomodation that I am 
 suer he wold haue there. 
 
 " The charge for himself and ij men, with the provisions 
 which is needful! for him to carry will come toe 56 li, more 
 or less, and if you shall think fit toe lett him haue a third 
 man, it is but xll" more, and truly it is the opinion of all 
 that I haue conferred with that it is a greate deale better 
 for him to haue som seasoned men of his oj^ne, when he 
 goes to setteU a plantation, than to haue aU fresh men, 
 because these men maye bee inabled to direct others that 
 hee shall haue hereafter.'" 
 
 In August, young Verney, with his men, barrels, and 
 baggage^ was received on board the good ship called the 
 "Merchants Hope" of London, whereof was "master* under 
 God, Robert Payge," then "riding at anchor in the river 
 Thames and bound to Virginia." 
 
 In 1634, there were two planters in Virginia that were sur- 
 rounded with many comforts and some of the luxuries of 
 life. Above Newport News, at Blunt Point, was the home 
 of Samuel Mathews, perhaps the wealthiest man in the 
 colony. His wife was the daughter of Sir Thomas Hin- 
 ton, now one of the Council in Virginia. His wife's brother 
 William Hinton, was a gentleman of the King's Privy 
 Chamber. Sir Thomas Hinton had married a second time 
 
 ' Verne7 Papers, Oamden Society Publieation. 
 
 • His freight bill was £117 18s. 6d. 
 
 'Robert Page was a well known ship captain in the Virginia trade. Verney 
 ultimately settled in the West Indies. 
 
112 VIRGINIA CAROLOEUM. 
 
 in 1622, the rich widow' of Sir Sebastian Harvey, Lord 
 Mayor of London. 
 
 His house was comfortable, and he employed many ser- 
 vants. His plantation was a miniature village, flax and 
 hemp were there woven, cattle and swine were raised for the 
 ships outward bound, hides were tanned and leather made 
 into shoes. His dairy was large, and poultry was abundant. 
 He was kno\jn as one who " lived bravely, kept a good 
 house, and was a true lover of Virginia." 
 
 A few hours sail from Blunt Point and nearer Jamestown, 
 was the next most attractive place owned by an enterpriz- 
 ing merchant, G-eorge Menefie. His large garden contained 
 the fruits of HoUand, and the roses of Provence, and his 
 orchard was planted with apple, pear, and cherry trees, 
 and here the peach was cultivated for the first time in 
 North America. Around the house were rosemary, thyme 
 and majoram, favorites of that age.* 
 
 Four years before John Harvard bequeathed his estate to 
 the college near Boston, which bears his name, Benjamin 
 Symmes of Virginia, left the first legacy by a resident of the 
 American plantations of England, for the promotion of edu- 
 cation. By his wiU made Feb. 12th, 1634-5, he gave two 
 
 ' See page 21. 
 
 'Perdita in Shakespeare's Winter's Tale, says : 
 
 " Give me those flowers there, Dorcas. Reverend Sirs 
 For you there's rosemary and rue, these keep 
 Seeming, and favour all the winter long." 
 In the game Act, again 
 
 " Here's flowers for you 
 Hot lavender, mint, savory, majoram." 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. \\% 
 
 hundred acres on the Poquoson, a small stream which enters 
 the Chesapeake Bay between Yorktown and Point Comfort, 
 "with the milk and increase of eight cows for the main- 
 tenance of a learned and honest man to keep upon the said 
 ground a free school, for the education and instruction of 
 the children of the adjoining parishes of Elizabeth city and 
 Kingston, from Mary's Mount' downward to the Poquosen 
 river." 
 
 A few years after his death, in a little pamphlet,^ the 
 author wrote : " I may not forget to tell you we have a free 
 school, with two hundred acres of land, a fine house' upon 
 it, forty milch kine, and other accommodations. The bene- 
 factor deserveth perpetual mention, Mr. Benjamin Symmes,^ 
 worthy to be chronicled. Other petty schools we have. " 
 
 ' Capt. Wollaston of " Maire Mount" now Quinoy, Mass., about 1636, writes. 
 Bradford " transports a great part of ye servants to Virginia, and goes himself." 
 Did he settle on the shores of James River, at Mary's Mount near Elizabeth 
 city? 
 
 = " ^ Ptrfect Description of Virginia" 1649. 
 
 3 By the provisions of the will, the moneys arising from the first increase of 
 cattle were to be used to build a school house. The profits from the subsequent 
 ■ sales of cattle, for the support of poor children. 
 
 * Benjamin Syms, written also Symmes and Simes was probfibly the same 
 person, who in 1623, was living at Basse's Choice, and about 83 years of age. In 
 1624, at this point died a Margaret Symes. In 1629, Thomas Warnet the mer- 
 chant of Jamestown, bequeathed Benjamin Symes a weeding hoe. He was evi- 
 dently a honest, religious, and childless planter. In March, 1642-3, the Vir- 
 ginia Assembly, passed the following : " Be it enacted and confirmed, upon 
 consideration, had of the godly disposition and good intent of Benjamin Symmg 
 deceased, in founding by his last will and testament a free school in Elizabeth 
 county, for the incouragement of all others, in the like pious performance, 
 that the said will and testament with all donations therein contained concerning 
 the free school and the situation thereof in the said county, and the laud apper- 
 taining to the same, shall be confirmed according to the godly intent of the said 
 testator without any alienation or conversion thereof to any place or county." 
 15 
 
114 VIRGINIA GAROLOnVM. 
 
 John Stoner was sent by the King, in the autumn of 1634, 
 to act as agent in making a contract concerning tobacco, 
 and to be one of the Virginia Council, but died on the voy- 
 age. 
 
 In December, 1634, Eichard Kemp, who had been ap- 
 pointed Secretary through the influence of the Earl of Pem- 
 broke, arrived, and he sent the answer of the colony to the 
 proposition that the King should have the sole preemption 
 of tobacco. Robert Lidcott,'a son of Sir John, was at this 
 time in Virginia. He was connected with Edward Palmer,^ 
 the benevolent man who before 162.5, projected a college 
 and art school, to be situated on Palmer's Island in the Sus- 
 quehanna near its mouth. 
 
 Francis Pott, the brother of Governor Pott, early in 1635, 
 was removed from the command of the fort at Point Com- 
 fort, and Capt. Francis Hook, a naval officer who had been 
 on duty with his ship upon the Irish coast, was appointed. 
 By a census taken about February of this year ' there were 
 
 ' Sir John Lidcott was the brother-in-law of Sir Thomas Overbury, the victim 
 of intrigue poisoned in the Tower ol London. The wife of Sir Thomas Over- 
 bury, was the aunt of Edward Palmer. 
 
 = For a notice of Edward Palmer and proposed School of Art, see Virginia 
 Veiusta, Munsell's Sons, Albany, 1885, pages, 183-184. 
 
 3 Census of A. D. 1634-5. 
 
 " A list of the number of msn, women, and children InhaUtinge in the aeverall 
 counties wth in the Gollony of Virginia Anno Dmi 1634. 
 
 Imprimis from Arrowhattock to Shirley Hundred, on both sides the river, 
 
 being within the Countie of Henrico. 419 
 
 Item, from Shirley hundred Hand to Weysnoake on both sides the River, 
 
 being wthin the countie of Charles Citty. 511 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOEUM. 115 
 
 found to be five thousand men, women and children in 
 Virginia. 
 
 The relations between Grovernor Harvey and his Oouncil- 
 loKs became less pleasant every year.^ In open court he 
 would revile them " and tell them they were to give their 
 attendance as assistants to advise with him," but that "the 
 power lay in himself to dispose of all matters as his Majes- 
 ty's substitute." During the month of January, he re- 
 ceived a letter from the King, which he acknowledged and 
 wrote that on the 20th of February he would communicate 
 it to the General Assembly. He however, detained certain 
 letters to the King, which had been prepared by the planters, 
 
 Item, from Upper Cheppeako Creek to Lawne's Oreeke on the Southward 
 side and from Checohominey River to Creeke on the northward side 
 of the river, being wth in the countie of James City. 886 
 
 Item, from Lawne's Creek to Warrosquyoake Creeke on the southward 
 
 side of the river, being within the Countye of Warrosquyoake. .523 
 
 Item, from Ketches [Keith' sj Creeke & Mulbury Hand to Marie's Mount 
 on the northward side of the river being wth the countie of War- 
 rick River. 811 
 
 Item, from Maires Mount to Foxhill wth the Plantations of the Back river 
 & the old Pocoson river on the Northward side, and from Elizabeth 
 river to Chesepeake River on the Soutliward side of the river being 
 wtU in the countie of Elizabeth Citty. 859 
 
 Item, in the Plantations of Kiskyake, Yorke & the new Pocoson, being 
 
 within the countie of Charles River. 510 
 
 Item, in the Plantations on the Esterlie side of Chessepeake Bay, being 
 
 within the countie of Accowmack- 396 
 
 The whole number is 4,914 
 
 " After this list was brought in, there arrived a ship of Holand with 145 from 
 the Bermudas. 
 
 " And since that 60 more in a English shipp wch likewise oame from the Ber- 
 mudas." State Papers Golonial, Vol. VIII, 35. 
 
 • See Appendix, for letter of Mathews, to Sir John Wolstenliolm. 
 
116 VIR&IJSriA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 and a petition was presented to the Council asking some 
 redress from the evils they suffered. 
 
 Late on the night of the 27th of April, 1635, Governor 
 Harvey was informed that there had been a meeting at 
 York, in the house of William Warren, which had been 
 addressed by Francis Pott, Capt. Martin, and William Eng- 
 Hsh, sheriff of the county, severely commenting on the 
 course of the Governor. The next day the speakers were 
 arrested, brought to Jamestown and ironed. During the 
 day Francis Pott was before the Council, and produced the 
 paper mentioning the grievances of the Colony which he 
 had sent on to York. 
 
 On the 29th the Council again met, and the Governor 
 wished that those under arrest should be tried by martial 
 law, but most of the Councillors insisted that the case be- 
 longed to the civil law. 
 
 The Governor sat in a chair with a " frowning counte- 
 nance," and ordered the Councillors to be seated. He then 
 drew a paper from his pocket, and said he was about to 
 propose a question, and required each one, without con- 
 sulting with his colleagues, to give an answer in writing. 
 
 The query was " What do you think they deserve, that 
 have gone about, to persuade the people, from their obe- 
 dience to his Majesty's substitute ?" Mr. Menefie was the 
 first Councillor addressed, who replied that he was ' ' but a 
 young lawyer and dare not upon the sudden deliver his 
 opinion." William Farrar began then to make some re- 
 marks as to the unreasonableness of the request, when he 
 was silenced, and told not to speak out of his turn. Samuel 
 Mathews said there was no precedent for his strange course. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 117 
 
 Others also expressed their disapproval, and after crimina- 
 tions and recriminations the session of the Council closed. 
 When they again met he sternly demanded why they 
 had procured a petition against him. 
 
 Menefie answered that a chief cause of the displeasure 
 ■was his detaining certain letters that had been addressed to 
 the King and the Lords. "Do you say so ? " quickly said 
 the Grovernor. ' ' Yes, " was the cool, but firm reply. Harvey 
 angrily moving toward him struck him on the shoulder and 
 said, " I arrest you on the suspicion of treason." Captain 
 Utie in return, being near, said, " We, the like to you, Sir." 
 Mathews seeing that the Governor had lost control of him- 
 self firmly placed his arms around him and said, ' ' There is 
 no harm intended against you, sit down in your chair, and 
 listen to the complaints of the colonists. " Harvey insisted 
 that they had no grievances and this meeting ended. 
 
 After this, Capt. Purfury, a Councillor friendly to the 
 Governor, wrote that he feared the people would proceed to 
 violent measures. The Governor then held another confer- 
 ence with his Council, on the 30th, and his commission was 
 read, when the Councillors who had opposed him, agreed 
 that they would assist him, if he would confoi'm to his 
 Majesty's pleasure as expressed in his commission and in- 
 structions. The Council deeming it expedient, issued a call 
 for the Burgesses to assemble and consider grievances, and 
 adjourned for six days. A guard was left for the protection 
 of the Governor. Three days after, he left Jamestown, 
 " and went unto the Mills, to the house of one William 
 Brockas, whose wife was generally suspected to have more 
 
118 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM,. 
 
 familiarity with him than befitted a modest woman," and 
 here dismissed his guard. 
 
 On the Tfch of May, the Council and Burgesses assembled, 
 but before they organized, Secretary Kemp exhibited a 
 threatening letter from the Governor, received that day, to 
 which no attention was given. The next morning, the 
 Secretary showed the Council another letter he had received, 
 requesting that he would secretly surrender the commission 
 of the King appointing him Governor, which the Council 
 had already placed for safe keeping with one of their num- 
 ber, George Menefie, until differences were settled. After 
 resolving to send their statement of grievances to the King's 
 Commissioners for Virginia in England, the Council until 
 they heard from them, made choice of a temporary Gov- 
 ernor, ' ' Captain John West, an ancient inhabitant, a very 
 honest gentleman of noble family, being brother to the 
 Lord Laware sometime Governor of Virginia." 
 
 Sir John Zouch, one of the Commissioners for Virginia, 
 and a friend of Mathews, in November, 1634, visited the 
 Colony where he had a son and daughters. Governor Harvey 
 told the Privy Council that he was ' ' of the Puritan Sect ." 
 After remaining a few months, he and Captain Button re- 
 turned to England. His son writes to his ' ' deare and lov- 
 ing father " this letter now first printed. 
 
 " Sr, I perceive that if the Gov' could haue done you any 
 dispight hee would haue pursued it to the utermost, for 
 one of the 2 Kine shot I was to receive for you ; being but 
 a shrimpe I left at Capt. Brownes who promised to procure 
 a letter, but was stricktly charged to retaine hir, w""" com- 
 mand the Councell since have contradicted. The Coun- 
 
VIBGIJSriA GABOLOEUM. HQ 
 
 cellors and Burgesses for the last Assembly haue fained a 
 letter as from the Burgesses and others to the Councell com- 
 playning of their manifould aggreevances, and desiring re- 
 dresse from them. 
 
 " The people of the lower parts mett in such troopes to 
 set theire hands to the letter, that it put Capt. Purifie into 
 an affright that caused him to write to the Grovern' of 
 many incident dangers, insoemuch that hee durst not keeps. 
 a Courte, untill hee heard from him, or had a letter from 
 his Ma''°. Hereupon the Gov' sendeth warrants for the 
 Councell who soone after they met, consulted about send- 
 ing the Gov' for England, but Capt. Browne went home 
 over night, a paine that hee had in his belly excused him 
 sufficiently by reason hee opposed him, as did the rest. Mr. 
 Manifie did absolutely refuse his aide in arresting him 
 alleadging reasons that it was not fitt to deale soe w"" his 
 Ma''" substitute ; hee went not home as hee said, but to the 
 back river where hee debated w* himselfe, desiringe of 
 God to confirme his resolucon or abolish it, but the losse of 
 the Country sticking in his stomacke at last hee came, re- 
 solved as the rest, when the Govern' did arrest him of 
 high treason for the words hee spoke against him, at Ke- 
 coughtan, you then present, but hee had no sooner given 
 Mr. Menefie the thumpe on his shoulder, but Capfc. Utay 
 tooke him by the middle, and arrested him in his Ma"" 
 name, the rest stepping and taking hould of him likewise: 
 looking pale, as did Kempe, hee refused to goe till hee saw 
 noe resistance, and then hee desired their leave to chuse a 
 Deputie who though hee spoke very mildely ever since was 
 denyed, they meete, sending him w"" all that can object 
 
120 VIBGIJSriA GAROLORUM. 
 
 ought against him, himselfe residing at little towne, the 
 intrir.i, forgetting and laying aside all malice formerly 
 between them. I neede not to bee further impertinent 
 presuming you will bee acquainted with the cause shortlie 
 after you haue wondered att this unlooked for coming. 
 The Maryland men haue boorded Capt. Claiborne, taken all 
 his trade, and trading stufEe, bound his men, and cast them 
 into the hold, besides beating and hurting them in what 
 manner wee are not fully acquainted w"', but I hope wee 
 shall haue a journey to the Pacowomecke. The Countrey 
 prayeth for you both [four words torn away] you come 
 Governor. My sisters, and all your friends are very well wh o 
 haue obleidged mee to them by infinit curtices. Soe w"" 
 my honest humble dutie I rest, desiring you to salute all my 
 friends, as from mee." 
 
 At the time of Harvey's deposition by the Assembly, there 
 was a ship' about to sail for England, and after he went 
 aboard, Capt. Claiborne arrived from the Isle of Kent with 
 the news of the encounter between his men and the Mary- 
 land people in the Pocomoke Eiver, and also in another 
 tributary of Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 A boat of Claiborne, under the command of Eatcliff 
 Warner, called the Long Tail, in which was Charles Harney 
 of Accomac with goods for trading with the Indians, was 
 met ' ' in the river of Pocomoque" on the Eastern Shore " 
 
 ' The Dutch Captain De Vries, wrote in hie journal under date of May 17, 
 1635, " 4 o'clock at Point Comfort, where we found a ship from London, in 
 which was Sir John Harvey, Governor on behalf of the King of England. He 
 was sent to England by his Council, and the people, who made a new Governor. " 
 
 = Language of Bill presented to the Grand Jury at Saint Mary, Maryland. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 121 
 
 by two pinnaces of the Marylanders under Councillor 
 Thomas Cornwallis, on the twenty-third of April, and a 
 skirmish took place, resulting in the killing of Warren and 
 two of his party, John BeUson, and William Dawson; also 
 one of the men of Cornwallis, William Ashmore, and 
 an apprentice, of Saint Mary. Not far from Claiborne's 
 Island^ of seven hundred acres, near Hudson's Eiver, in the 
 harbor of G-reat Wighcomoco, on the 10th of May, Corn- 
 wallis met Thomas Smith, Gent, of Kent Island with Phihp 
 Tailor, Thomas DuffiU, and Eichard Hancock. Smith was 
 charged with felony, and piracy, and after a long delay 
 was sentenced to be hung. 
 
 Claiborne sent the following account of the affair to 
 John Coke, one of the Secretaries of State. 
 
 " Ever honoured Sir : How unhappy is this Colony to 
 returne to his friends and welwishers a yearlly increase of 
 infehcities, which though they seem ever at the height, yet 
 new addition arises by some unfortunate accident. And 
 behold now, tumults and broyles, wrongs and oppressions 
 perpetrated with a high hand, and not without undue courses 
 in alteration of Government, and such violence acted as hath 
 
 ' In Harrison's Memoir of Christison, published by Maryland Historical 
 Society, referring to Peter Sliarpe a pbysician, and member of the Society of 
 Friends, he writes r " This Peter Sharpe is the same person from whom the 
 island in the mouth of Great Choptank river takes the name it now very im- 
 properly bears. This island has been known by several names according as it 
 has belonged to this or that person, but the name of the Quaker physician of 
 Culvert has clung to it, and will ever be used to designate a little patch of earth, 
 originally 700 acres, diminishing year by year. * * * But, if purity of de- 
 signation should be allowed to govern, the proper name of this island is Olai- 
 iorne. In the deed of Will. Sharpe, son and heir of Peter, to John Eaton , 
 Sept. 10, 1875, it is expressly stated that this island " was formerly known by 
 the name of Olaiborne'a Island." 
 
 16 
 
122 VIRQIRIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 shewed itself in the effusion of native bloud, undoubtedly 
 God will make a way for his glory, through the injustice of 
 men, and the end will be an establishment of this long lan- 
 guishing Colony. 
 
 "These actions here befeU in a time while I at home was 
 alsoe sett upon all sides by my cruell neighbours who have 
 not only trampled upon all right, but contemned the express 
 command of his Majestie under the protection whereof I 
 deemed myself soe safe that I provided not enough against 
 their malice, and soe perished by security, not deeming that 
 I had such enemies or such men to deale with as would 
 spurne at the Kings Royall commands upon them. 
 
 "The particulars I need not trouble you with, these in- 
 closed papers and relations will be too much testimony of 
 the misfortunes that swallow us. It seems a wonder to me 
 that Sir John Harvey always left to himselfe without vio- 
 lence should not gaine a power to reestablish himself but all 
 men were wronged, and even good and bad had forsaken 
 him. A strange thing a Governor should so demeane him- 
 self, for my part I am ignorant of all these things, and my 
 own brothers are weight enough to presse down my 
 thoughts. In which I shall possess patience untill it shall 
 please God to move his May"" Royall heart, and the Lords 
 minds to reheve and support as men wronged with as 
 greivous pressures as ever Englishmen endured at the hands 
 of their Countrymen. 
 
 " For the future I advise as little innovation may be done 
 as the nature of the affaires * * * and that they expect 
 redress from the means his May"'' shall please to appoint. I 
 desire your Candor may excuse my lynes which I desire to 
 
VIJiGIJSriA CAROLOBUM. 128 
 
 abreviate rather than to enlarge with the sad events of un- 
 happy affaires rather coveting to mourne with in our own 
 bossome, than to transfer to the eares of others. We beseech 
 a speedy signification of his Majesties pleasure to * * the 
 fury of our adversaries. In the interim we put up a sup- 
 plication to the King of Kings to deliver us from them. I 
 humbly take my leave and remaine. 
 
 " Eliz. Citty "Your most humble servant, 
 
 " 23" May, 1636. " W. Olaybobnb." 
 
 In the same ship, with Harvey, sailed Francis Pott, and 
 Thomas Harwood, representatives of the Assembly to pre- 
 sent their complaints, and reasons for sending the Go- 
 vernor home. Upon the 14th of July the ship reached 
 Plymouth and upon complaint to the Mayor,' the represen- 
 tatives of the Virginians were arrested, and Governor Har- 
 vey, the same day wrote to his friend. Secretary Windebank: 
 
 "Right Honourable : I doubt not not but that your 
 Honor will admire at my coming, from my charge without 
 any licence or other direction from his May"' or the Lords. 
 But it may please your Honor to calle to mynde howe that 
 in my last Letter concerning the afifayres of Virginia, I 
 signified that the Assemblies being composed of a rude, 
 ignorant, and ill-conditionede people were more lykelye to 
 
 ' Plymouth officers made this report : 
 
 " Jolin Martyne, Mayor of Plymouth, Robert Trelawny and John Clement to 
 the Privy Council : 
 
 "Arrival that morning of Sir John Harvey, Governor of Virginia, who gave 
 information of a late munity and rebellion in the colony. Francis Pott having 
 
 been charged aa a principal author and actor they have detained 
 
 from some letters sealed up in a trunk from the mutineers, in charge of Tho's 
 Harwood and desires to know what shall be done with Francis Pott." 
 
124 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 effect mutinye than good lawes, and orders especially whilst 
 the Councellgave them such examples; what I then feared, 
 I soon after founde (but I must confess) their exorbitance, 
 have by much exceeded my expectations; for presently 
 after the departure of the ships (having received an infor- 
 mation of some mutinous Assemblies,) I sent sent for the 
 Councell as also warrants for the apprehending of the chieff 
 mutineers, the Councell I called for theyr Advice in so 
 dangerous a business: But I found them so farre from in- 
 tending any good, that they came armed with a strength to 
 surprise mee, and laying violent hands upon mee charged 
 mee with Treason, for going about (as they saide) to betray 
 theyr Forte into the hands of theyr Enemies of Marylande, 
 telling mee I must resolve myselfe to goe presently into 
 Englande, theare to make answer to the Countries Com- 
 playnts against mee, forthwith setting at libertie such of 
 the mutiny menne I had caused to be layed fast in irons. 
 
 "In the next place they called an Assembly of the Bur- 
 gesses, and some five days after made a new Grovernor, my- 
 self being yet resident in the Countrie ; a large account of 
 all theyre proceeds I shall with all convenient speed in per- 
 son render unto your Honor, in the mean tyme I thought 
 these but of Dutye. 
 
 "As also to signifie to your Honor that landing at 
 Plimouth the 24th of the month, I have made use of the 
 Authoritie of the Mayor of the Place to fasten upon the 
 two persons which came in the shipp with mee ; the one a 
 person principally employed up and downe the CoUonie to 
 persuade the Inhabitants to subscribe to a cabbal of pre- 
 tended grievance agaynst mee, the other, expressly sent with 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 125 
 
 Letters for the Oouncell and their unlawful Assemblies to 
 their Agents and abettors in Englande. I have also used 
 the same means to fasten upon bheyr Letters which being 
 brought to view no doubt already the malice of theyr rebel- 
 lious Action's and Intentions may be discovered and it is to be 
 feared that they intend no less then the subjection of Mary- 
 land for whilst I was aboard the ship, and readie to depart 
 the Collonie theare arrived Capt. Claborne from the Isle of 
 Kent with the news of a hostile encounter twixt some of his 
 people and those of Maryland and Capt. Francis Hooke tould 
 mee that by the relation of some of Capt. Claybornes owne 
 companye it was they who sought out the Maryland Boates 
 which were trading among the Indians, and twice assaulted 
 them, and that theare were some hurt and slayne on bothe 
 sydes, and at Captain Clabornes' request two of the Coun- 
 cell were dispatched for Maryland unto which, if those of 
 Maryland condiscend not, they intend to supplant them and 
 send them home as they have don mee, I presume Mr. 
 Kemps' letter will more fully inform your Honor therein . 
 After many troubles, and a wearisome passage I am bound 
 to repose a day or two. I will hasten up to sende an account 
 to your Honor of all matters concerning my Trust, in the 
 mean tyme I rest. 
 
 " Most readie to obey 
 
 "your Honor's commands 
 
 "John Haevey." 
 " PUmouth, the 14th of July, 1635." 
 
 It was not until the 11th of December, that the case of 
 Harvey was formally discussed by the King and Privy 
 Council. 
 
126 VIEGIJSriA CABOLORUM. 
 
 After the letter of the Virginia Councillors and Burgesses 
 had been read, the King thought it was necessary to send 
 Harvey back, even if he should remain but a day, that it was 
 "an assumption of regal power to send hither the Go- 
 vernor." 
 
 To the charge that he had not administered the usual oaths 
 to all who arrived in Virginia, Harvey made a denial. He 
 also declared that while a minister named Williams had 
 charged that one Eabent had said it was lawful to kill a 
 heretic, that he had not shown deference to Williams be- 
 cause he had married without a license, and that he had 
 silenced White, another minister, because he had preached 
 two years and had never exhibited any orders. 
 
 The Archbishop of Canterbury, who was present, said that 
 no minister ought to be allowed to go on board a ship to 
 Virginia, unless he showed orders from the Bishop of a 
 diocese. The Governor admitted that he had retired yir 
 Thomas Hinton from the Council, because his language was 
 not respectful, and that in a fight with Eichard Stephens, a 
 councillor who had insulted him,, he had knocked out some 
 of his teeth " with a cudgel." 
 
 During the summer of 1635, a number of persons under 
 the leadership of George Holmes, went to the valley of the 
 Delaware Eiver, and occupied the deserted Fort Nassau 
 "obhquely opposite," where the city of Philadelphia was 
 laid out, about half a century afterwards, by William Penn. 
 Thomas HaU, one of the party, for some reason ran away 
 from Holmes,' and reaching Manhattan, informed the 
 
 ' Secretary Windebank on May 23, 1686, wrote to Earl of Lindsey to give 
 eyery assiBtance to the bearer, Lieut. Robert Evelyn, about to return in th 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 127 
 
 Dutch authorities, of the design of the Virginians. A ves- 
 sel was sent and they were arrested during the summer, 
 and on the first of September, returned to Manhattan, with 
 Holmes and fourteen or fifteen Virginians. Captain De 
 Vries was employed to take them in his vessel to Virginia, 
 and on the lOth of September landed at Kiquotan now 
 Hampton, where he found twenty men in a pinnace about 
 to sail and settle with those who had so unexpectedly re- 
 turned.^ 
 
 During the autumn of 1635, there were thirty-six ships' 
 in the James Eiver, each carrying from twenty to twenty- 
 
 " Plain Joan," to Capt. Young "on special and very important business." — 
 Sainibury. 
 
 • Thomas Hall and George Holmes became leading citizens in New Nether- 
 land. On the 23d of March, 1639, they were both living in a house belonging to 
 Governor Von Twiller. Calling themselves tobacco planters, in November they 
 obtained a grant of land on East River, that portion of New York City between 
 47th and 53d street. In 1640, Hall sells his interest to Holmes. In 1643, Hall 
 had become one of the "Eight Men" of Manhattan or New Amsterdam, and wag 
 prominent for a quarter of a century. In 1649, Hall and Holmes bought lots in 
 Lady Moody's settlement at Gravesend. In 1664, when the English took New 
 Amsterdam now New York, Hall gave in his allegiance. 
 
 • Among the ships that sailed 
 ginia, were : 
 Names 
 Bona Ventura, 
 Plain Joan, 
 Speedwell, 
 Thomas and John, 
 Philip, 
 America, 
 Transport, 
 Paul, 
 Alice, 
 Assurance, 
 Primrose, 
 Merchants Hope, 
 
 from London in 1635, with passengers for Vir- 
 
 Time. 
 January, 
 May, 
 (( 
 
 June, 
 
 n 
 (( 
 
 July, 
 
 Master. 
 
 James Ricrofit. 
 
 Richard Buckam. 
 
 John Chappell. 
 
 Richard Lambard. 
 
 Richard Morgan. 
 
 William Barker. 
 Edward Walker. 
 Leonard Betts. 
 Richard Orchard. 
 Isaac Brownell. 
 Capt. DouglasB. 
 Hugh Weiton. 
 
128 VIRGINIA CAEOLOBUM. 
 
 four guns awaiting cargoes of tobacco. The season was 
 unusually sickly and fifteen captains died. During the fol- 
 lowing winter great mortality prevailed among the colo- 
 nists, and as the tobacco crop had been poor, one half of 
 the ships were obhged to leave without freight.' 
 
 The popular sovereignty exercised in Virginia found no 
 favor with Charles the First ; and John West, Samuel 
 Mathews, and William Pierce were ordered to be sent 
 for,"* and Francis Pott was kept a close prisoner in the 
 Fleet. During the year ending March 25, 1636, sixteen 
 hundred immigrants settled in Virginia and twenty-one 
 ships laden with tobacco had sailed from London, the cus- 
 toms of one vessel being estimated at 3334 pounds sterling. 
 Governor West did not come to England, but in March, 
 
 Elizabeth, August, Christoplier Browne. 
 
 Globe, " Jeremy Blackman. 
 
 Safety, " John Grant. 
 
 George, " John Severne 
 
 Thomas, " Henry Taverner. 
 
 David, " John Hogg. 
 
 Constance, October, Clement Campion. 
 
 Abraham, " John Barker. 
 
 ' De Vries. 
 
 " The Privy Council on Dec. 23, 1635, issued the following : 
 
 " That his Maytie will be pleased to give order that Capt. John West, Samuel 
 Mathews, and William Pearce bee sent for, into England, to answer theyre mis- 
 demeanours, they being the prime actors in the late Mutenye in Virginia. 
 
 ' ' To give warrant to the Attorney Qeaerall to have a newe Commission for Sir . 
 John Harvey as shall bo for his Mayties service in Virginia. The Lord Balti- 
 more desires that Mr. Secretary Windebank will be pleased if any Petition or 
 Question should bee made touching Maryland to gett it referred to bee examined 
 in the Countrye, in regard noe proofe can heare be made of the truthe. But if 
 that cannot be done, then to move the Kinge to heare itt." 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 129 
 
 1636 wrote to the Commissioners of Plantations the follow- 
 ing account of his election : 
 
 "W"" in few days after Sir John Harvey had ex- 
 pressed his intent to the Counsell heere of departinge the 
 Colonye, Wee opened his Ma"" Commission wherein wee 
 found ourselves enjoyned in case of vacancye whither by 
 death or occasioned by publiq or private affayres to elect 
 among our number, one to supply the place, with further 
 command eyther from his Ma"" or your LordPi" received, w''' 
 choice made by pluralitye of voyces his Ma''"' Commission 
 expressly ratifyes. 
 
 ' 'The Counsell with one consent were so pleased as to fasten 
 their votes on mee to w'^'' the peoples suffrages as willingly 
 condiscended. Neyther was presumption the cause of soe 
 hasty a choyce, before Sir John Harvey was out of the 
 Capes, as it is injuriously objected by some but I hope your 
 Honours will conceive a truer and a more direct reason ne- 
 cessitated it, for wee deferred the election untill the last 
 day, and houre of the Counsell's sitting after w'^'' tyme it 
 was impossible to effect it w* a full conf ormitye to his Ma'''" 
 commission, and reserving our duetie of informacon to 
 your Tjo'"'", the dwellings of some of the Counsell being re- 
 mote, one hundred miles from the other of them, and from 
 the place of the shipps ridinge, that one ship being the last 
 of that yeare left in the river, soe that onles we had then 
 made our choyce we could not for want of the full number 
 of the Counsell haue daly preferred it, neyther could we 
 have given y^Lor'"'" a satisfaction that we had still pre- 
 served the old forme of Governm' prescribed by his Ma')" 
 which we are resolved soe punctually to observe that (as 
 17 
 
130 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 formerly we have engaged ourselves to y" Lorf"") we shall 
 not until further instruction swerve from thence, though 
 but in things indifferent. If by y" Lor^P' favourable media- 
 tion it shall please his Ma'''° to confirme the act of the coun- 
 trye, I shall to my uttmost expresse myself a faythfuU 
 and zealous servant, or otherwise w"" as devoted a submis- 
 sion be ready to give up my charge where his M'''° shall 
 place it. 
 
 " Y" LorPP' may please to be informed that the Colonie 
 hath this yeare received an increase of one thousand six hun- 
 dred and six persons, but I find with all that muche im- 
 putation indeservedly lyeth upon the Countrye, by the 
 Merchants crime whoe soe pester their shipps w"" passen- 
 gers, that though throng and noysomeness they bring 
 noe lesse than infection among us w"*" is soe easily to be dis- 
 tinguished from any cause in the malignitie of the clymate, 
 that where the most pestered shipps vent their passengers 
 they carry w"" them almost a general mortallitye w'^'' my 
 duetye therefor prefers to y°' Lor'''' serious consideracon. 
 Without infringing his Ma'>'" Grant to the Lord Baltimore 
 we have taken the nearest course for avoiding of further 
 unnaturall broiles between them of Maryland, and those of 
 the Isle of Kent, as we find those of Maryland in o" limits 
 we bind them in deep bondes to keep the Kinges peace to- 
 wards those of the Isle of Kent, as also Oapt. Clayborne the 
 Commander of the Isle of Kent, to those of Maryland. As 
 further cause shall require your Honours shall receive an 
 accompt.'" 
 
 "This letter was dated "Point Comfort, this 38th of March, 1636," and it 
 was received on the 19th of June, at Hampton Court. 
 
VIBOINIA CAROLORUM. \%\ 
 
 Mathews, Menefie, and Peirce went to England to ans- 
 wer the charges against them, and remained several 
 months. 
 
 Samuel Maverick of Massachusetts, passed about a year 
 in Virginia while Harvey was absent, and in October, 1636, 
 returned to Boston with two pinnaces, and brought fourteen 
 heifers and eighty goats. Owing to a drought there had 
 been a failure in the crop, and corn in Virginia this year, 
 sold at 20 shillings a bushel, and most of the people had 
 been obliged to live on pu rslane and other plants . One of his 
 pinnaces, of about forty tons, was built of cedar at Barba- 
 does, and was brought to Virginia by Captain Powell, who 
 died, and was bought for a small sum. 
 
 He interested men of science in Boston, by his narrative, 
 as to the geology of the James River, and mentioned that 
 there was a place about sixty miles above its mouth where 
 the ground was full of shells and bones, and that he had 
 seen a whale bone, but probably that of a mastodon, which 
 had been found while digging a well, eighteen feet below 
 the surface. 
 
 Jerome Hawley, a friend of Harvey, who had been one of 
 the gentlemen sewers to Queen Henrietta Maria, and a 
 councillor of the Maryland Province, arrived in March, 
 1637, in the " Friendship " and not long after was commis- 
 sioned by the King as Treasurer for Virginia, provided he 
 took the oath of allegiance and supremacy, and also council- 
 lor with the authority to collect 12 pence annual rent due 
 on each fifty acres, which had not been collected since the 
 dissolution of the Virginia Company.' 
 
 ' Jerome Hawley was a brother of Henry, for so many years Qovernor of Bar- 
 badoes, and of William, the signer in 1630, of the Protestant Declaration in 
 Maryland. 
 
132 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 This year there was recommended to the King as mem- 
 bers of the Council, John Sibsie/ Eichard Townsend, Eobert 
 Evelyn,^ and Christopher Wormeley. Wormeley had gone 
 in 1631, to Association or Tortuga Island, and, while acting 
 as Governor owing to his negligence the Spaniards seized it, 
 and he, making his escape, arrived in 1635, in Virginia, 
 about the time that Governor Harvey sailed for England. 
 
 Captain Walter Neale, who had been an officer of the army, 
 in 1630 arrived at Piscataqua, New Hampshire, to seek for 
 a great lake toward the west, but in three years returned to 
 London, when at the request of the King he was chosen 
 Captain of the Artillery Company of the city. After care- 
 fully drilling the company for four years, he applied to be 
 Sergeant Major of Virginia; but George Donne, now thirty- 
 two years old,' obtained the appointment. 
 
 Donne was the second son of the celebrated divine, John 
 Donne, Dean of Saint Paul Cathedral, London, and led 
 an eventful life. He had been associated with Sir Thomas 
 Warner, in the settlement of the Isle of Saint Christopher, 
 in the 17th degree of north latitude, and when the Spaniards 
 under Don Frederic de Toledo captured the place, Donne 
 was carried as hostage to Madrid, where he remained for a 
 long time. In a letter written from London, on the 6th of 
 
 ' John Sybsie or Sibsie was probably the same person who had made trouble 
 in the Massachusetts Colony. John Sipsey was a delegate in September, 1632, 
 to the House of Burgesses from the upper precinct Elizabeth City. 
 
 » Eobert Evelyn came in 1634, with Capt. Young the explorer, visited England, 
 returned in 1637, as Surveyor General with the rank of Lieutenant, in place of 
 Gabriel Hawley, deceased. 
 
 » Baptized May 9, 1605, in Parish Church, Camberwell, Surrey. 
 
VIRGINIA OABOLOBUM. 133 
 
 December, 1633, to Wentworth, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 are these words : "George Donne hath broken prison, and 
 is come into England, My Lord of Carlile was so slow in get- 
 ting him off, that he was constrained to take this course, to 
 corrupt his keepers, and get away." 
 
 Governor Harvey, on the 18th of January7TL63ff-7, read 
 his hew commission in the church of Elizabeth City, and 
 called an Assembly to meet on 20th of the next month, at 
 Jamestown. His chief councillors were Secretary Eichard 
 Kemp, Sergeant Major George Donne, Thomas Purifye,^ 
 Henry Browne,'' John Hobson,' Adam Thoroughgood,* 
 
 'Purifye came in 1623, settled at Elizabeth City, and at this time was about 
 55 years old. Capt. Thomas Young the explorer of the Delaware River, and a 
 friend of Harvey, in a letter to Sir Toby Mathew, dated July 13, 1684, wrote 
 that the Governor had incurred the " extreme hazard and malice from all the 
 rest of the country, to whom I can find only two of his Council indifferent; the 
 one of them Captain Purfree, a soldier, and a man of open heart, honest and 
 free, hating for aught I can perceive all kind of dissimulations and baseness ; 
 the other an honest and plain man, but of small capacity and less power." 
 
 = Henry Brown or Browne was the man referred to in the last sentence of the 
 above foot note. On July 14, 1637, he entered 3250 acres in James City County, 
 and in November, 1643, 2459 acres. 
 
 3 John Hobson, with Nathaniel Basse and others, was associated with Christo- 
 pher Lawne in establishing the Isle of Wight plantation. He returned from a 
 visit to England, in the summer of 1687, in the ship "Unity," Capt. William 
 Upton. 
 
 ' Adam Thoroughgood when a boy, in 1621, came in the ship " Charles," and in 
 1625, was a servant of Edward Waters, who remained in Bermudas for several 
 years after the wreck in 1609 of the " Sea Venture" and then migrated to Eliza- 
 beth City. In 1626, he bought of John Quudry of Kiquotan, now Hampton, 152 
 acres, adjoining land of William Capps and William Claiborne, in Elizabeth City 
 County. In 1629, 1630, and 1632, he was a member of the House of Burgesses, and 
 a member of the Monthly Court. He moved to Lynn Haven in Lower Norfolk, 
 and on June 20, 1685, a patent was issued to him of 5350 acres, and on the 18th 
 of December, a patent for 600 acres, and on February 8, 1637, a patent for 200 
 acres, all these lying on Chesapeake Bay, fronting northerly, and on Lynn Haven 
 River. During the year 1637, he was the President of the Court of Lower Nor- 
 
134 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 William Brocas', and Francis Hooke.'^ 
 
 About this time George Menefie returned from England 
 with many servants and soon regained his influence. 
 
 The Earl Arundel and Surrey' being one of the Commis- 
 sioners of Plantations, on the 18th of April, 1637, his son 
 
 folk. His will was dated February 17, 1639-40, and probated April 27, 1640. 
 Among other items is this : " My will and desire is that my beloved friend Cap- 
 tain Thomas Willoughbie, and Mr. Henry Seawell here in Virginia, and my 
 dearly beloved brother Sir John Thoroughgood, of Kensington, near London, 
 and Mr. Alexander Harris, my wife's uncle living on Tower Hill, shall be over- 
 8 eers of this my last will and testament." 
 
 John Thoroughgood was knighted, about the 1630, had been Secretary of the 
 Earl of Pembroke, and in the service of the Duke of Buckingham. The widow 
 of Adam Thoroughgood married Captain John Qookin of Nansemond, a member 
 of the Assembly of 1639, and probably a relation of Daniel Gookin who in 1643, 
 was the presiding officer of the court of Upper Norfolk. John Gookin died, and 
 on the 32d of November, 1643, letters of administration were granted to Mrs. 
 Sarah Gookin, on the estate of her husband. At a General Court held at James- 
 town, October 8, 1644, the following judgment was rendered : " Whereas, it 
 appeareth to the Court by the confession of James Lopham, that he hath in a 
 most beastial and uncivil manner, by most scandalous and false suggestions, 
 defamed Sarah, the daughter of Captain Adam Thoroughgood, deceased, to 
 her great disparagement and defamation. 
 
 " It is therefore ordered, that the said Lopham shall receive fifty lashes, at 
 the mulberry tree, well applied to his naked back, and stand committed till he 
 put in security for his good behavior." 
 
 " Whereas it appeareth to the Court, that John Parnehough hath in a most 
 scandalous manner defamed the daughter of Mrs Gookin, to her discredit 
 though most vilely and falsely suggested. 
 
 " It is therefore ordered, that the said Farnehough shall publicly in the 
 parish church of Lynn Haven, in the time of divine service, ask the said Mrs. 
 Gookin, and her children's forgiveness, put in security for good behavior, and pay 
 unto the said Mrs. Gookin eight hundred and fifteen pounds of tobacco, for her 
 charges herein expended." 
 
 ' William Brocas in 1649, had a fine vineyard, and in the Perfect Description 
 of Yirginia he is mentioned as having been a " great traveler." 
 
 " The successor of Francis Pott in charge of fort at Pt. Comfort. 
 
 3 Thomas Howard, Earl Arundel and Surry born July 7, 1593, was the seventh 
 in descent from John Howard, Duke of Norfolk. In 1616, he conformed to the 
 
VIEGINIA CAROLOBUM. I35 
 
 Henry, Lord Maltravers, obtained a grant of land north of 
 James Eirer, with the order, that it should be known as 
 Norfolk County. 
 
 On the 22d of January, 1638, the Grovernor and Council of 
 Virginia did assign* to Henry, Lord Maltravers, his heirs, 
 and assigns, the territory on the south side of James River, 
 on a tributary to be called " Maltravers River toward the 
 head of j° s'd Nauzimum, als Maltravers being bounded 
 from that point of Nanzimum als Maltravers River where 
 it divides itself into branches, one degree in longitude on 
 either side of the River, and in latitude to the height of 35 
 degrees Northerly Latitude, by y° name and appellation of 
 y* County of Norfolk." 
 
 Among the principal traders now in Virginia, was Thomas 
 Stegge, also written Stegg and Stagg. His daughter was 
 the wife of John Byrd, a goldsmith of London, and the 
 mother of William Byrd, the founder of the family of that 
 name in Virginia. He was a correspondent of Mathew 
 Cradock^ one of the founders of the Massachusetts Colony, 
 residing in London. 
 
 Church of England, and on Christmas day received the communion. Sir Horace 
 Vere on January 8, 1616-17, wrote to Sir Thomas Roe: "The Earl Arundel 
 has received the sacrament with his Majesty, and talks sharply against the 
 Papists." He was on August 29, 1631, made Earl Marshal of England. His 
 latter years were passed in traveling, and in 1646, he died at Padna. He was 
 described as one who " was a Protestant but no bigot or Puritan," and was a 
 patron of scholars, painters, and sculptors. The celebrated Arundel Marbles of 
 the University of Oxford were a part of his valuable collection. His son Henry 
 Frederick, Lord Maltravers, succeeded to the Earldom, and died in 1652, at his 
 house in Arundel Street, London. 
 
 ' A full copy of the indenture is in the Appendix 
 
 •The following letter from (JradocK to John Jolifte, dated Feb. 21, 1636-7, is 
 in the Winthrop Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Col. 4 b Vol. 6. 
 
136 VIMGIRIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 Among the other merchants of note at this time, were 
 John Chew, Thomas Burbage and George Ludlow. Lud- 
 low, in 1630, at the same time as Samuel Maverick and 
 Edward Gibbons, had applied to be admitted as a free- 
 man of the Massachusetts Colony. When Roger Williams, 
 the great divine, came to America, he sold to Ludlow the 
 better clothes of himself and wife, as they were not needed, 
 and Ludlow moved to Virginia without making payment, 
 and " telling many falsehoods." On the 15th of July, 1637, 
 WiUiams wrote to Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts, 
 concerning his "vagrant debtor from whom he had much 
 suffered.'" The next year when Ludlow was on a visit to 
 Boston, he told Winthrop that he would send Williams 
 eight hundred pounds of tobacco, but afterwards failed to 
 keep his promise.* His plantation in Virginia, was situated 
 near the York Eiver, adjoining that of Ralph Wormeley. 
 
 " flfayle not to send the sbipp " Rebecka " victualled for three mouthes to Vir- 
 ginea to Mr. Thomas Steggs, with some commodditty such as you vnderstand to be 
 there most vendable, for valleue of 130? or 150? at most. Leaue the Ship wholey 
 to Mr. Tho. Steggs disposing & if he send ought, back in her, to you & Rich. 
 Hoare (for so is our advise) ffolo we his order therewit h & with the shipp as neare 
 you can. I wish Mr. John Hodges * * * command & goe Master in her & 
 that he obserue Mr. Stegg's order in her further ymployment. She is to be 
 victualled, for three months & to haue all her ordynance belonging to her 
 with other necessaries whereof ; all I desire is an Inventory may be sent me & 
 the Master's hand to it." 
 
 ' On the 12th of September, 1637, he writes again : " It is now an old debt, 
 especially my cows left behind four years ago, for me in Virginia and some 
 goats. " 
 
 'Williams on Dec. 30, 1688, wrote to Gov. Winthrop : " I am bold to request a 
 little helpe and I hope the last concerning my old and bad debtour about whom I 
 had formerly troubled your Worship, Mr. George Ludlow. I heare of a pinnace 
 to put in to Newport, bound for Virginia, and I understand that if you please to 
 testifie that you remember in the case, I may have some hope at least to get 
 something. You were pleased, after dealing with him, in Boston, to certifie me 
 that he had promised 800 li of tobacco." 
 
VIBGINIA CABOLORVM. 137 
 
 By a statute enacted in the days of Queen Elizabeth, the 
 monarch was the custodian of all born fools, and the courts 
 decided that an idiot or natural fool, was a child who could 
 not count to twenty, rightly name the days of the week, or 
 measure a yard "of cloth. The first idiot born in Virginia 
 was the son of Eichard Buck, the early minister of the 
 Colony, who came to Virginia, in 1610, with Sir Thomas 
 Gates and who had been commended by Bishop Eavis of 
 London, a prelate of mildness and liberality. He was born 
 in 1616, and appropriately christened Benoni, a child of sor- 
 row. Ambrose Harman, who had been his guardian for 
 thirteen yeai's, in 1637, sent a petition to England I'elative 
 to his estate, which was referred to the Court of Wards, 
 but before judicial action was had in the case, the poor boy 
 died. 
 
 The year after Buck's arrival in the Colony, in 1611, his 
 wife had a daughter born during a period of great want and 
 she was in remembrance of the language of Naomi, in the 
 book of Euth, na,med Mara; three years later a son was born 
 and baptized as Gershom, a stranger in a strange land. 
 After the birth of Benoni another son was born, to whom 
 was given the name of Peleg. Both parents before the year 
 1624, had died. 
 
 The first grant of land Ludlow obtained was Aug. 31 , 1638, in the Puritan 
 district, the upper county of New Norfolk, and amounted to 500 acres. Subse- 
 quently he entered other lands. 
 
 July 26, 1646, in York County, 1947 acres. 
 
 March 14, 1646-7, in York County, 1453 acres. 
 
 Oct. 18, 1650, in Northumberland" County, 1000 acres. 
 
 Mc'h 10, 1653-3, in Gloucester, 3000 acres. 
 
 October 10, 1653, in Northumberland, 1000 acres. 
 
 October 35, lb53, in Gloucester, 2000 acres. 
 
 October, 1654, in Piankatanck Neck 186 acres. 
 
 May 13, 1661, South side of Rappahanock, 1000 acres. 
 
 17 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 PRINCIPAL OCCURRENCES FROM A.D. 1638 TO A. D,,16l2. 
 
 Legislatukb of 163V-8. Richakd Morison in Command at Point 
 Comfort. Letter of Treasurer Hawlet. Swedish Vessel 
 Arrives. Notice of Hawlet. Panto.v, a Clergyman, Ban- 
 ished. Eaton of Harvard College Flees to tite Colony. 
 First Brick Church Commkncbd. Gov. Wyatt Reappointed. 
 Roger Wingatb, Treasurer. Donne's Essay on Virginia. 
 Criticism of New England Puritans. Donne's Petition. 
 Panton's Complaint to House of Commons. Rorbet Evelin 
 Surveyor of Virginia, and writes upon New Albion. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE assembly was convened on the 
 20th of March, 1637-8, and remained in session 
 a month. The burgesses as the representatives 
 of the people expressed their disapprobation of the duty on 
 tobacco, and petitioned the King for free trade. The fort 
 which had been erected during the first years of Harvey's ad- 
 ministration, situated at Point Comfort and mounted with 
 eight pieces of ordinance, was ordered to be repaired. Until 
 this time the meetings of the Council for the want of a better 
 place was held at the Governor's residence, and he was 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. . I39 
 
 obliged to entertain them. To remedy this the Assembly 
 ■ also resolved to build a house for state purposes, and George 
 Menefie was appointed the agent of the Colony to go to 
 England, and sell tobacco to obtain moneys and also to 
 employ suitable workmen. 
 
 Eichard Morison* the brother of Francis, afterwards Go- 
 vernor, on the 29th of March, 1638, was appointed by the 
 King, to succeed Francis Hooke, deceased, as commander of 
 the f^t. The Colonists now demurred to the fee of sixpence 
 charged by the commander for registering each immigrant, 
 and administering the oath of allegiance and supremacy ; 
 but the Commissioners for Plantations declined to relieve 
 them of this tax. 
 
 In the spring of 1638, the sloop Griffin from Sweden 
 touched at Jamestown, Jerome Haw ley, the Colonial Treas- 
 urer, wrote to Windebank, Secretary of the King: "Uppon 
 the 20th of March last, I took the bouldness to p'sent you 
 w"" my letters wherein I gave only a tuch of the business of 
 our Assembly, referring y" Hon"' to the general letters sent 
 by Mr. Kemp from the govern' and Councell. Since w"^' 
 tyme heare arrived a Dutch shipp' w"" comission from the 
 
 • In Rymer's Foedera Vor, XX, p. 306, is tlie following : 
 
 " Rex, vicesino nono die Martii concedit Richardo Morison, Armigero, offi- 
 cium Capitanei sive Custodia eastri sive Propugnaculi de Point Comfort infra 
 Dominium de Virginia, durante bene placits in reversione." 
 
 ' A Swedish Dutch company, in 1637, was organized to trade on the banks of 
 the Delaware River. An expedition under Minuits late in the fall sailed from 
 Qottenberg in a large ship of war Kalmar Nyckel (Key of Kalmar) and in the 
 sloop Qripen (Qriffiu.) During March, 1638, the *^wedes had reached their desti- 
 nation, and it is supposed that the sloop QriflBn came to Jamestown from the 
 Delaware River. 
 
140 VIRGINIA CAROLOIiVM. 
 
 young Queene of Sweaden, and signed by eight of the Chief 
 Lords of Sweden, the coppe whereof I would have taken to 
 send to yo' Hono' but the Oaptayne would not p'rnitt me 
 to take any coppe thereof, except hee might have free trade 
 for tobacco to carry to Sweaden, w""" being contrary to his 
 Ma'' instructions, the Govern' excused himself thereof. 
 
 "The shipp remayned heare about 10 days to refresh w"" 
 wood and water, during w'='' tyme the M'. of the said shipp 
 made knowne that both himself and another shipp q£ his 
 company w ere bound for Delaware Baye w"*" is the confines 
 of Virginia and New England, and there they p'tend to 
 make a plantation, and to plant tobacco, w'^'' the Dutch do 
 allso already in Hudson's Eiver, w'*" is the very next river, 
 northard from Delaware Baye. All w""" being'his Ma" 
 territorys I humbly conceive it may be done by his Ma" 
 subjects of these parts, making use only of some English 
 ships that resort heather for trade yearly, and be no charge 
 at all to His Ma". 
 
 " I am not able yet to give your Honour so good an ac- 
 compt of the estate of his Majesties revenewe heare as I 
 desire in regard it was late in the yeare before I arrived and 
 the business of our Assembly bathe taken up all my tyme 
 hitherto, but by the next returne of shipping I shall en- 
 deavor to bring things into better order than heretofore 
 they havebein, and by that tyme I hoapetomake itappeare 
 that your Honour, hath done his Majestie service in giv- 
 ing him notice of the estate of his reveneue in those parts; 
 which although I cannot now say it will be great, yet I pre- 
 sume it is so farr considerable as that his Ma''' will not 
 think it fitt to be lost; for I doubt not but it will serve to 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 141 
 
 defray the pension which his Ma"° is pleased to allow the 
 Governour yearly, which is £1000 per annum, yf his 
 Majestie be pleased to imploy itt that waye, and I hoape 
 to improve it dayly, as new comers do encrease the plan 
 tation, besides his Majesties customes from hence wil-be 
 much better understood, than heretofore they have bein. 
 
 ' ' Since my comeing to the place of Treasurer, I have de- 
 cerned some underhand oppositions made against me, but 
 littell hathe appeared in publick, therefore I can not particu- 
 larly laye it to any man's charge. And because I finde that 
 it chiefly aimed at the hindering me in making any bene- 
 fitte of ray place (whereof I assure your Honour I have not 
 yet made the value of five pounds toward ray charges. ) I 
 doe therefore make it my humble sute unto your Honour 
 that you wilbe pleased to raove the King in my behalfe, and 
 procure His Majesties warrant for my fees, to the effect of 
 this I send enclosed, which being added to your former 
 favours, will much encrease my obligations to your Honour, 
 and I shall still remayne, Your Honours much devoted 
 servant. '" 
 
 Jerome Hawley, and Thomas Oornwallis, were the two 
 councillors of the Maryland Colony, which in 1634, had 
 settled at Saint Mary. Hawley returned to England in the 
 summer of 1635, and came back to Virginie;,, early in 1638, 
 as Colonial Treasurer, an office which ha^d not been filled 
 since the dissolution of the Virginia Conilpany. He soon 
 
 'Secretary Kemp wrote from JameBtown, February 26, 1637-8: "George 
 Menefie has arrived with a great many aervants but Hawley is away in Mary- 
 land." 
 
142 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 visited Maryland where he had large interests, and was pre- 
 sent at a meeting of- the Legislative assembly on February 
 8th, 1637-8, at Saint Mary. 
 
 George Eeade wrote from Jamestown on the 2Gth of Feb- 
 ruary, to his brother Eobert, a clerk of Secretary Winde- 
 bank : ' ' Mr. HajWiey has not proven the man he took him 
 for, having never given satisfaction for money received 
 of him, nor brought him any servants." 
 
 Hawley, then in Jamestown, on May 17th, wrote to 
 Eobert Eeade, of London, to excuse his delinquency, and 
 urged that his brother lives in the Governor's house, and 
 wants for nothing. " In less than three months after this 
 note was written, Hawley died deeply in debt to Oornwallis 
 and Lord Baltimore.' 
 
 Upon the solicitation of the merchant George Menefie, 
 Anthony Panton became rector in the new plantations of 
 York and Cheskiack.^ Eichard Kemp, Secretary of the 
 Colony in 1639, acting as accuser and judge, charged the 
 minister with having called him " a jackanapes," and say- 
 
 ' Jerome Hawley was the brother of James Hawley of Brentford, Middlesex, 
 England, of Henry Hawley, long Governor or Councillor of Barbadoes, and 
 of William Hawley, who came from Barbadoes to Maryland after the death of 
 Jerome, and in IbuO, was one of the signers of the Protestant Declaration. 
 
 On the 14th of August, 1638, the Maryland authorities appointed Thomas 
 Cornwdllis, as the administrator of Jerome Hawley, "late of St. Maries.'' 
 Five pounds were paid to the surgeon who attended him, three pounds for 
 mourning clotbes, and five pounds for funeral expenses. 
 
 " Some times called Cheese Cake, " Kiskyake " or Cheskiack, by the Legisla- 
 tive assembly of January, 1639-40, was recognized as a parish situated between 
 Williurasburg and York. In 1643, it became Hampton Parish, afterwards 
 known as York Hampton. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 143 
 
 ing, that he was " unfit for the place of Secretary," that his 
 hair-lock was " tied up with ribbon as old as Paiils," also 
 complained that he had spoken slightingly of Lord Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, and Harvey banished him from the 
 Colony "for mutinous, rebellious, and riotous actions." 
 
 The person selected to superintend the , building of the 
 school at Cambridge endowed by Harvard, and to be its first 
 head, was the brother of the pure and high minded Gov- 
 ernor of the New Haven Colony, but, Nathaniel Eaton 
 proved the widest contrast, and a mortification to his rela- 
 tives. For barbarously beating his usher Briscoe, on a 
 Sabbath morning, with a walnut cudgel "big enough to 
 have killed a horse " and for giving the scholars of Harvard 
 fare not equal to that, which Dickens has described, as the 
 diet at Dotheboys Hall, such as half-cleansed mackerel, and 
 " goats' dung in the hasty pudding " he was fined and de- 
 barred from teaching in the Massachusetts Colony. 
 
 Cotton Mather, with some Attic wit, wrote: "he was a 
 blade who marvellously deceived the expectations of good 
 men concerning him, for he was one fitter to be a master of a 
 Bridewell, than a college. He was a rare scholar himself, 
 and he made many more such, but their education truly 
 was in the school of Tyrannus." Dishonest in his deal- 
 ings he fled from Cambridge, and Endecott, a deputy, wrote 
 to Governor Winthrop, on the 10th of October, 1639, in- 
 quiring whether it was "not needful to send after him 
 where hee is gone in Nele's bark to Virginia, * * * * 
 If you think meete to send him back, * * * Mr. Younge 
 his shipp is like to staye these two or three dayes yet, who 
 is bound for Virginea." It was not thought expedient to 
 
144 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 bring him back. His good wife and children sailed to meet 
 him, but the ship and all on board were lost. 
 
 About this time, Winthrop mentions that Thomas Graves, 
 a member of the Dorchester church, ' ' and a very under- 
 standing man," contrary to the advice of his friends de- 
 termined to go to Virginia to live. The climate proved 
 unfavorable, and soon he and his vphole family, with the 
 exception of a daughter, died. As she was left with a good 
 estate, the renegade Eaton married her, and spent her patri- 
 mony in riotous living, and then, about the year 1646, de- 
 serted her, and went back to England. 
 
 It was not till the year 1639, that any solid buildings' 
 were erected at Jamestown. An impetus had resulted from 
 a law passed, the year before, giving a portion of land, in 
 the town, to any one who would build a house. During 
 the year twelve houses and stores were erected, one of which 
 was of brick, belonging to Secretary Kemp, "the fairest 
 ever known in the country for substance and uniformity." 
 Heretofore the places of worship had been barn-like struc- 
 tures framed of wood, but now the first brick^ church in 
 Virginia, was commenced. The raising of silk worms re- 
 ceived more attention, and the Governor sent to the King, a 
 quantity of silk. 
 
 ' Secretary Kemp, on April 6, 1688, wrote that people began to think about 
 good buildings, " scarce any but liatU his garden and orchard." 
 
 "Lord Delaware in 1610, completed a rude wooden church at Jamestown 
 34x60 ft. in dimensions which soon decayed.' 
 
 In J1619, there was a wooden church 20x50 ft. built at the expense of the 
 people of JamestowD. 
 
 The foundations of the brick church of 1639, were 38X56 ft. which were visi- 
 ble a few^years ago. The present dilapidated church so often sketched is a 
 later and larger edifice, and should not be called the church of the first settlers. 
 
VIRGlJSflA GAROLOBUM. I45 
 
 It was not until the autumn of 1639, that Sir Francis 
 Wyatt arrived at Jamestown as the successor of Grovernor 
 Harvey. By the influence of Lord Baltimore and Secretary 
 of State Windebank, Kemp was retained as Secretary of the 
 Colony. Of the hundreds of white people who now arrived in 
 the ships, Secretary Kemp wrote that " scarce any, but are 
 brought in as merchandise to make sale of." Under Wyatt's 
 commission there was a concession, by which, when, there 
 was a vacancy in the Council, it could be filled, by the 
 majority of the votes of the remaining councillors. Among 
 the earliest acts of the G-overnor was a strict inspection of 
 tobacco, and the burning of all below a certain grade. He 
 wrote : " Though the physic seems sharp, yet I hope it will 
 bring the body of the colony to a sounder constitution of 
 health than it ever yet enjoyed before." 
 
 At an Assembly which convened on January 6th, 
 1639-40, there was legislation which showed an improving 
 condition. Hitherto an inn-keeper was authorized to charge 
 eighteen pence, or six pounds of tobacco for a meal, but it 
 was then enacted, that " on account of plenty provisions " 
 only twelve pence should be the price. Ministers of the 
 Gospel were allowed ten pounds of tobacco per poll, each to 
 pay the clerk, and sexton; the Muster Master General three 
 pounds per poll, the Captain of the Fort and Point Comfort 
 was allowed ten guards, and three pounds of tobacco per 
 poll. A levy of two pounds per poll was made for a new 
 fort, and also two pounds per poll to build a state house. 
 Cattle had so increased, that it was made lawful to ex- 
 port to New England, the seventh head of neat cattle. 
 Benjamin Harrison, who had been clerk of the Council for 
 19 
 
146 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 some years, was allowed £7, 10s. for his services. The 
 boundaries of the Isle of Wight, Upper, and Lower Norfolk 
 counties were defined, and the parish of Lawne's Creek 
 was created. The first minister in Norfolk County is said 
 to have arrived about this time, named John Wilson. 
 
 Eoger Wingate was appointed by the King, Treasurer in 
 the place of Jerome Hawley, deceased. 
 
 Oh the loth of August, 1639, the case of Panton was re- 
 ferred to the new Governor Wyatt, about to sail for Virginia, 
 and the Council there, and his sentence suspended, and 
 Governor Harvey ordered to deliver up his estate. It was 
 further ordered, that if upon examination he should be 
 found innocent, he should be restored to the rectorship of 
 York and Chiskiack. 
 
 Secretary Kemp, and Sergeant Major Donne, were in 
 England the early part of the year 1640, in the interest of 
 Governor Harvey, and the latter addressed a labored trea- 
 tise to Charles the First, entitled "Virginia Reviewed," 
 which is still preserved among the Harleian Manuscripts of 
 the British Museum. 
 
 After mentioning that a settled government in Virginia was 
 just beginning, and " that till of very late, every man's own 
 particular profit hath been the most earnestly pursued " he 
 continues " How this assercon findes warrant is evident by 
 the late action of some pticulers, fiery and head strong in 
 their disorders and conspiracy against yo' Maj"°' commis- 
 sioned Governo', at this present, in that Country, of whose 
 condition an officer neither I nor any und' y°' sacred autho- 
 rity can, if justly, but speack honorablie, he being according 
 
VIRGINIA OAROLORUM. I47 
 
 to his place ready to accompt, able to justifie, discreet to 
 mannage every circumstance of his proceedings, in that de- 
 putation, as in y"' roiall presence, at the Councell table y°' 
 Maj"= with y" Lords allowed.^ 
 
 ' ' But in this poynt I will content my satisfaction, with 
 a calmness of silence, by reason that if any Tempest threaten 
 the Delinquents to y" Maj"" High Court of Starre Chaniber, 
 is the power of qualification by y°' gracious mercy referred. 
 
 " From the convenience (most likely) of some former 
 Gov" their easinesse of nature, or uncertainty of appeals 
 (the Plantation then wholly depending on the wills and 
 counsails of Men and Trade,) hath this enormity drawn 
 p'sump on. Out of such p'sumpcon (we doubt long in plot- 
 ting though lately practised) during the licence of this aris- 
 tocracie, those of that councell have used to eye authority, 
 and to dispute power with their Govern"' whom certainly 
 they always find readie to assent with them, rather looking 
 after their own thrift, than the dignity of their trust, or 
 els the successe of their discrecons was more fortunate than 
 their fortunes. 
 
 ' ' Cases in deseases of desperate quallitye are not all- 
 waies lenative, for had this insolence bene passed over, the 
 defects of this colonie, had still lyen asleep, untill a second 
 sudden mischance, I might say, a mischiefe, had for ever 
 disheartened a third attempt of Peopling it, casting a dis- 
 hono' upon our Nation, lessning and diminishing yo' pos- 
 session, cutting of a greater number of yo' subjects, had it 
 not apparently bene proved that it is better to dye, noblie 
 
 ' See page 126. 
 
148 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 maynteneing the justice of bono'', the hono' of justice, than 
 to comply with a multitude whose policy is gayne, whose 
 gravitye is giddiiiesse, whose discretion is noyse and tu- 
 mult " 
 
 After several pages devoted to the condition of Virginia, 
 he writes the following sharp criticism of New England. 
 
 " On the Northern pait of the Virginian Continent lieth 
 New England. In that Countrye it is a question undecided 
 though yo' Maj"" hath a firm interest whether the In- 
 habitants acknowledge you their King, or whether they by 
 yo' Majesty are worthy to be acknowledged subjects. 
 
 " New England it is styled, supposed in the same Latitude 
 w"" Nova Albion, whose discoverer was Sir Francis Drake 
 
 * * * * Much available for comfort, for assistance 
 (if occasion should bee) might such a complantation prove, 
 were not the people themselves in their manners and lives 
 both infectious and pestilent. They, in religion, their coun- 
 try, in its Barronnesse and not unequallie fruitfuU. So 
 heartily they hate conformity that they detest order, ambi- 
 tious of a new Creation of ridiculous novelty, most ridicu- 
 lous schisme by Sepacon. They are in a manner desprate 
 Enthusiasticks, for whereas all men are moved (as a heathen 
 noted) by Religion, the p'swasion whereof is the chief in 
 poUicy, a good historian granteth, these Fanaticks choose, 
 rather without poUicy or religion, to be misled by their lay 
 elders, than be guided by the true Pastors of their selves, 
 or governed by their naturall Soveraigne. 
 
 "AUmost, it exceeds a wonder howe manye of faire 
 quallitye alien and sell their whole estates in their Old age 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 14 9 
 
 to shufiBe themselves, Wives, and Children, into their New- 
 England. Blind zeale, and more blinde Seaducers doe so 
 gull and cheat their consciences, that willingly they make 
 exchange of their Eeason, and knowledge for credulous sim- 
 plicitye, willfuU Ignorance. The antickprancks, the strange 
 unheard of Vanityes which are constantly brought for 
 Newes, that these men in New England doe, and studdy to 
 doe, gives more and more as much occasion of pitty as of 
 laughter. 
 
 ' ' Dissembled Sanctity is a double Iniquity sayd the Pro- 
 verbial speech, verefyed in these seperatists of New Eng- 
 land, all pretend, none professe Eeligion as they ought. 
 ***** What a Comonwealth amongst such Pre- 
 cisians is likely to flourish where zeale is preposteroous. 
 Cruelty in Justice, Confusion in Law, is not difficult to be 
 resolved. A Colony there can be none; it were dishon' to 
 the name so to entitle it, a Plantation not to be expected, 
 the people themselves so slouthfuU that had not Virginia 
 lately supplyed and relieved them their Calamitye had beene 
 remedilesse.'" 
 
 While in England Donne presented the following petition 
 to the King. 
 
 ' ' That y" Pef goeing over w"' Sir John Harvey Gov' for yo' 
 Ma"° in the Province of Virginia was by him recommended 
 to yo' Ma''° who was graciously pleased to appoint him for 
 one of his Councells, when fpUowing yo' Ma''" orders and 
 directions by yo' letters in speedy appointing a Muster Mas- 
 
 'A fall abstract of Donne's essay, is given in,the]Appendix. 
 
150 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 ter General & Marshall by choyce both of Sir John Harvey & 
 the rest of the Councell then, yo' pet' was thought well fiitt 
 to execute the aforesaid places, and soe did, untill the Gov" & 
 Counsell employed him as Agent for the CoUonye to prose- 
 cute a suite against those persons y' were lately^seditious and 
 disturb'd the peaceable Government & were by yo' Royall 
 commands sent to answeare theyre contempt & misde- 
 meanor which service to his power he has effected & is now 
 returninge to his charge. 
 
 ' ' May it therefore please yo' Eoyall Ma"° to give order 
 that yo'^ humble pet^ may have a confirmacon under ye 
 Great Seale of ye foresaide places of Muster Master Gene- 
 rail and Marshall whereof theis two yeares y°' Pet' hath 
 been possest and executed without excepcon." 
 
 The dispute begun in Virginia between Anthony Panton, 
 clergyman, and Secretary Kemp, was continued in Eng- 
 land, and on the 30th of October, 1641, the following was 
 presented to the Privy Council and the House of Commons. 
 " Anthony Panton, clerk. Minister of God's word in Vir- 
 ginia, and agent for the Colony and clergy complaineth of 
 the conduct of Sir John Harvie late Governor, of Mr. 
 Richard Kempe the Secretary, of Captain Wormeley late 
 commander of Charles County, and others, at whose hands 
 the colonists have suffered many arbitary and illegal pro- 
 ceedings in judgmeni, tyranny, extortion, and most cruel 
 oppression which have extended to unjust whippings, cut- 
 ting of ears, fining and confiscation of honest mens' goods, 
 converting fines to their own profit and use, supporting 
 Popery, and in many other ways." 
 
ViRaiNIA CAROLOBTJM. 151 
 
 The petition further mentioned that Kemp privately ran 
 out of Virginia* carrying the charter and records, and that 
 he and his associates had slandered Grovernor Wyatt, and 
 " obtained surreptitiously a new Governor, and a new- 
 charter without any just cause shown against the former 
 Governor [Wyatt] who has only exercised his authority for 
 a year and a half, " he prayed for the stopping of the Go- 
 vernor elect and his commission till matters and rectified, 
 and that order may be taken for the forthcoming of Sir 
 John Harvie, Richard Kemp, and Christopher Wormeley^ 
 to answer the charges against them ." 
 
 His request received attention, as the following counter 
 petition of Kemp and Wormeley indicates, which on No- 
 vember 3, 1641, was presented ; " In August last, upon the 
 unjust complaint of Anthony Panton a turbulent person 
 petitioners were by order of the House of Commons stayed, 
 when about to return to their families in Virginia. The 
 House of Commons by an order of the 8th of September, 
 allowed them to depart, but on the 1st of October, when on 
 board of the ship, were again stayed. Berkeley the Gov- 
 ernor elect presented a similiar petition. George Donne 
 never returned to Virginia and soon died, John West taking 
 
 ■ Thomas Stegg, the inflaeatial merchant of Westover, was fined fifty pounds 
 sterling and to be imprisoned during the Governor's pleasure, for furnishing 
 money to Kemp and assisting him to leave the colony with some of its impor. 
 tnnt records. 
 
 = Christopher Wormeley does not appear to have returned to Virginia, wliile 
 his son Ralph, was a prominent planter. In the Sixth Report of the Royal 
 Historical Commission, p. 414, there is the following : " 4 May, 1640, two copies 
 ot an award made by Richard Washington and Christopher "Wormely, Esquires 
 (acting as arbitrators at the request of certain dissentients) respecting a dispute 
 about a right of way from Carcrofte to Ousten Co., York." 
 
152 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 his place as Marshall and Muster Master Greneral. The 
 power of Governor Harvey was completely broken. In a 
 letter to Secretary of State, Windebank, on May 8th, 1640, 
 he wrote, "that he was so narrowly watched that he had 
 scarce time of privacy to write, his estate had been torn 
 from him, his return to England had been denied, notwith- 
 standing his many bodily infirmities, which were beyond 
 the skill of the Colony." During his last years he had 
 married the widow of the Eichard Stephens, merchant and 
 councillor, with, whom he once had an altercation. Captain 
 De Vries, the Dutch trader, in September, 1642, instituted a 
 suit to recover £4, 14s. due from the estate of Eichard 
 Stephens, "for goods sold to Lady Harvey, who was at 
 the time wife of said Stevens." 
 
 ' George Evelyn, also written Evelin, his brother, ceased to be commander of 
 Kent Island, Maryland, on April 23, 1638, and on May 30tU of this year he ac- 
 knowledges a debt to "his brother Lieut. Robert Evelin, fourteen hundred pounds 
 of tobacco and fifty-two pounds of beaver, for so much received of him upon the 
 account of William Clobery and Company ; " and for his security assigns to him 
 all the right, title, and interest, of the said Clobery and Company in the service of 
 Andrew Baker, Thos. Baker, and John Hatch, and all the profits and use of said 
 servants until the debt shall be satisfied. He also in another entry acknowledges 
 himself to owe " to his dear brother Robert Evelin " a hundred weight of beaver 
 and as security assigns to him his Manor of Evelinton or Piny Point on the 
 Maryland shore of the Potomac. Captain George Evelyn, on August 8, 1649, 
 purchased of Thomas Qreudon, certain land in James City County, which on 
 April 38, 1650, he gave to his second son, Mountjoy. On June 30, 1651, Governor 
 Berkeley granted to Mountjoy Evelyn 000 acres of land in the county of James 
 City, on the south side of the river. 
 
 Scull, in "The Evelyns of America," mentions that Robert Evelyn's uncle, 
 Captain Thomas Young, also purchased a farm in James City County, and that 
 his son Thomas served in the Parliament Army, under General Monk. In later 
 years this sou was an officer in Bacon's rebellion in Virginia and known as 
 " Captain Young of Chickahominy. " In January, 1675-6, he was hung in 
 York County under a Bentence of a Court Martial. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 153 
 
 After a long visit to England, Kobert Evelin' in 1637, in 
 the ship " Plain Joane" returned to Virginia, and after the 
 death of Grabriel Hawley, was appointed by the Grovernor, 
 and duly confirmed Surveyor General of Virginia. 
 
 About the year 1640, he made another voyage to England, 
 and printed a little book of directions for immigrants to 
 America, which has become very rare, with the following 
 title : 
 
 Direction 
 for Adventurers 
 
 With small stock to get two for one 
 and good land freely: 
 And for Gentlemen, and all Servants, Laborers, and 
 Artificers to live plentifully. 
 And the true Description of the healthiest, pleasantest and richest 
 plantation of new Albion 
 in North Virginia, proved by tbirteen witnesses. 
 Together with 
 A Letter from Master Robert Evelin who lived there many 
 yeares, showing the particularities, and excellency thereof. 
 With a briefe of the charge of victuall, and necessaries to transport 
 and buy stocke for each Planter and Laborer there, to get his 
 Master 502 or more in twelve trades and 
 at lOZ charges onely a man. 
 
 Printed in the yeare 1641. 
 
 ' See note preceding page. 
 
 20 
 
CHAPTEE VI. 
 
 AFFAIRS FROM A.D., 1643 TO A.D., 1651. 
 
 Akkital of Gov. Berkeley. George Sandys Colonial Agent. 
 Attempt to restore the London Company. Remonstrance of 
 Assembly. Visit of New England Ministers. Support foe 
 Gov. Berkeley. Assembly of 1642-3. Lord Baltimore seeks 
 
 VlSGINIA REVENUE. LbTTERS OF MarQUB. CaPT. RiCHARD 
 
 Ingle. Db Veies visits Jamestown. Fight between Ships. 
 Rising of the Indians. Captain Stbgg captures a Bristol 
 Ship in Boston harbor. Robert Evelin. Sir Edmund Plow- 
 don. Daniel Gookin. Assembly of 1644. (/Ruel strife in 
 Maryland. LEorsLATioN of 1645. Hbnby Bishop Visits Eng- 
 land. Opechancanough Defeated. Lt. Thomas Rolfe. 
 Thomas Harrison and Patrick Copland nonconformist 
 Ministers. Public Market. Colony in 1649. Arrival op 
 Norwood, Stevens, and Francis Moryson. The Custis 
 Family. Governor Berkeley's Speech against the Naviga- 
 tion Act. 
 
 jIR William Berkeley/ Knight, in February, 1642, 
 arrived at Jamestown as the successor of Grov- 
 ernor Francis "Wyatt. In the prime of life, a 
 graduate of Merton College, Oxford, accustomed to travel, a 
 
 ' His father was Sir Maurice Beikeley Kt., of Hamwortli Middlesex. He wag 
 born in July, 1608, and matricalated at Merton College, Oxford, in 1623, and in 
 1639, received tlie degree of A.M. 
 
VIBGINIA GAUOLORUM. 155 
 
 favorite of the King, and once a Gentlemen of the Privy- 
 Chamber, his administration, from the first, was energetic 
 and progressive. 
 
 Taught to believe that no commonwealth could exist 
 without a King, and that tliei-e could be no church without 
 a bishop, he could not separate disloyalty and non-confor- 
 mity. By his commission, it was provided, that he and 
 Secretary Kemp, then in England, should take the oaths 
 of allegiance and supremacy before sailing, and after 
 ai-rival in Virginia, administer the oath to the follow- 
 ing Councillors, Sir Francis Wyatt, Kt,' John West, 
 
 His brother, Charles Henry, bora in December, 1600 ; Maurice born iu April, 
 1603 ; and John in February, 1607, were men of distinction. The latter led the 
 army of King Charles, in 1638, against the Scotch and was created Baron 
 Berkeley of Stratton. Charles was knighted in 1623, and after the restoration, 
 Treasurer of the Household of Charles the Second. 
 
 • Gov. Wyatt seems to have remained iu tlie colouy several months after 
 the arrival of Berkeley. In 1643, his wife was a widow, living at Baxley, 
 Kent, England. He had several sons, one, named George, was in 1653, a Lieu- 
 tenant in the Navy and when in that year he was offered the command of the 
 " Sampson" he declined for "he did not think himself fit fur command, as he 
 had received many wounds in the late wars, especially in his head." G. D. 
 Scull in his memoir of Dorothea Scott prints a letter from King James' 
 daughter Elizibeth, Queen of Bohemia, dated from the Hague, March 4, 1655, and 
 addressed to Lord Finch, whose first wife was the sister of Governor Wyatt, in 
 ■which there is a reference to tlie Governor's son. The words are : " As for the 
 " Countess " I can tell you heavie news of her, for she is turned quaker, and 
 preaches every day in a tubb. Your nephew George [Wyatt] can ttll you of 
 her quaking, bat her tubb preacliing is come since he went, I believe." 
 
 Governor Wyatt's aunt, Jane Wyatt, married a Scott, whose grand-daughter 
 Dorothea Scott, married Major Daniel Gotherson of Cromwells' Army, and 
 about 1655, became a Quaker preacher. Her husband died in 1655, when she 
 again married Joseph Hogben, of Kent, and about 1680, she settled on Long 
 Island, New York. 
 
156 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Esq.,' Samuel Mathews, Esq.,^ Nathaniel Littleton, Esq.,' 
 Christopher Wormeley." Esq , William Peirce, Esq.,' Eoger 
 Wingate, Esq.,* John Hobson,^ Thomas Powlett,* George 
 Menefie,' Henry Brown, Esq., William Brocas, Esq., Argall 
 
 Francis Wyatt, son of tlie Governor, in 1641, was enrolled as a student of 
 the Inner Temple. Brock gives llie following from the Virginia Land Records : 
 
 Henry Wyatt, Esq., eldest sou of Sir Franris Wyatt, Dec. 36, 1641, lease for 21 
 years of 50 acres in Pasbyljay, James City county for the raising of corn, for the 
 better protection of the plantation. George Wyatt, Apiil 31, 1642, in James 
 City County 3.i0 acres. Thomas Wyatt, Sept. 24, 1643, " twenty miles up " on 
 the Bonth side of EappaLannock, 2000 acres. 
 
 Richard Wyatt, Aug 20, 1645, in Mobyack Bay, 500 acres. 
 
 Ralph Wyatt in 1636 lease to Abraham Wood and others of certain islands. 
 
 William Wyatt April 37, 1653, in Gloucester Co., 400 acres. 
 
 William Wyatt March 16, 1663, in Gloucester Co., 400 acres. 
 
 Mayor William Wyatt May 20, 1664, in New Kent Co., 1940 acres. 
 
 Anthony Wyatt, June 28, 1664, in New Kent Co., 282 acres. 
 
 Anthony Wyatt July 24, 1669, in Charles City, 398 acres, 
 
 'See page 15. 
 
 • See page 21. 
 
 ' His plantation was on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 • He does not appear to have remained in Virginia, but son Ralph was promi- 
 nent. 
 
 s Peirce as early as May, 1638 , had been appointed by Governor Wyatt during 
 his first term of ofiice. Captain of his Guard, and commander of James City. 
 For other notices see pages, 59, 128. 
 
 ' Appointed in August, 1639, Treasurer for life. 
 
 'See Chapter V. 
 
 • Thomas Powlett or Pawlett, came in the " Neptune" in 1618, and Was in 
 1643, about 57 years old. 
 
 9 See p. 113. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 157 
 
 5 
 
 Yeardley,' Thomas Pettus, Thomas Willoughby/ Eichard 
 Bennett,^ and Humphrey Higginson,* George Ludlow, 
 early in 1642, also appeared as one of the Council. Clai- 
 'borne was appointed by the King, colonial Treasurer. 
 
 The first assembly after Berkeley's arrival convened on 
 April 1, 1642, and among the Burgesses were a number of 
 the more enterprising colonists. Benjamin Harrison* who 
 had for several years been clerk of the Council, and Eichard 
 Townsend, who, in 1629, had represented the planters be- 
 
 ' Argall Yeardley was the eldest sou o£ tlie Governor and now about 31 years 
 old. See page 16. 
 
 'Thomas Willoughby came in the ship "Prosperous" as early as 1610, and 
 was now about 40 years old and was a merchant. 
 
 His only son Thomas born Dec. 35, 1633, was sent to the Merchant Tailors, 
 School, London. 
 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Col. William Willoughby, one of the Commissioners of 
 the Navy, about 1653 died in England, and at the time her sister Jane Ham- 
 mond was living in Virginia, perhaps the wife of Col. Manwaring Hammond, 
 one of Gov. Berkeley's councillors. She had a son Lawrence Hammond. 
 
 Francis, the son of the widow Elizabeth, being the Deputy Governor of 
 Massachusetts, died in 1673, and his widow Margaret married Lawrence, son of 
 Jane Hammond of Virginia 
 
 A Willoughby Allerton was in 1711, Deputy Collector of Customs for Potomac 
 Kiver indicating some connection of Isaac AUerton's family with the Willoughbys. 
 A Henry Willoughby, born in 1636, at Stukely, Berkiugham shire, died in No- 
 vember, 1685, at Hill's Creek, Virginia. His son Henry who went with his 
 father to Virginia, married July 38, 1695, Elizabeth daughter of William Pidgeon 
 of Stepney. The relation between these families has not been ascertained. 
 
 3 Governor of Virginia under Cromwell. 
 
 < Among. the passengers for Virginia in the ship " George," Capt. Severn, in 
 1635, was Humphrey Higginson. 
 
 ' See Chapter IV. 
 
 « Benjamin Harrison on July 10, 1635, received a grant of 200 acres in War- 
 rosquoyake afterwards Nansemond County. 
 
158 VIBGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 tween Archer's Hope and Martin's Hundred, John Upton, 
 who had in 1632, been appointed a judge for Warrosquoy- 
 oake, Obedience Robins,^ an old justice in Accomack, 
 Thomas Harwood who had been prominent in the dispute' 
 with Grovernor Harvey, Edward Hill, who was afterwards 
 insurrectionary Governor in Maryland, and John Hill, a 
 sympathizer with the New England Puritans." 
 
 Berkeley was often choleric and arbitrary in his measures, 
 yet his hospitality to strangers, outspoken manner, and 
 hearty interest in the general welfare of the Colony, for 
 several years, gave him influence with many. At the outset 
 of his administration he sustained the people, in opposing a 
 measure, which tended to cripple their energies. 
 
 The legislative assembly of 1639, had appointed George 
 Sandys^ who had been Treasurer of the Colony, before the 
 
 » John Robins, in 1623, in a communication to the colonial authorities, speaks 
 of his father who died on the voyage. In 1633, John Robins, the younger son 
 and heir of John Robins, deceased, received on September 7th, a grant of 300 
 aeres in Elizabeth City County. 
 
 In 1640, December 3d, Obedience Robins entered 3000 acres in Accomack 
 County. 
 
 2 In addition to the above, the following, were members of the Assembly, of 
 April, 1643, and signers of the Remonstrance. Tlioraas Dewe, Ferd. Franklin, 
 John Weale, Nath. Gough, Jos. Johnson, Walter Chiles, Wm. Dacker, W. 
 Butler, Thomas Fallows, George Worleigh, George Hardy, Francis Fowler, 
 Tho's Bernard, Edward Windham. 
 
 3 It is probable that Sandys went to England, and was there when his transla- 
 tion of Ovid's Metamorphosis was elegantly published in 1633, in folio, at Ox- 
 ford. In 1636, he also published a duodecimo, with this title : 
 
 " Paraphrase upon the Psalmes of David and upon the Hymnes dispersed 
 throughout the Old and New Testament." 
 
 Four years later he published an 18mo. " Christ's Passion, a Tragedy; with 
 annotations, London, printed by I. L., and are to be sold by William Leake 
 at his shop in Chancery Lane, neere unto the Rowles, 1640." 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 159 
 
 abrogation of the charter of the Virginia Company of 
 London, to watch over their interest in England, but in 
 disregard of their wishes, he revived the project, which 
 had been pressed ten years before, and presented a petition 
 to the House of Commons, in the name of the adventurers 
 and planters of Virginia, asking a restoration to the old 
 London Company of all the privileges of their old charter, 
 except, that the Crown should reserve the right to appoint a 
 Governor. 
 
 The Assembly of April, 1642, after fully debating the 
 matter, " maturely considering the reasons on both sides as 
 well enquiring for, as against the company" with the Gov- 
 ernor, and Council, sent a statement to the King in which 
 they set forth sound principles of constitutional liberty. 
 
 They declared that their agent had mistaken his in- 
 structions, and that they would consider it a calamity to 
 see the charter of the old company revived, and that if it 
 were again to attempt to exercise power, there would come 
 anarchy and unhappiness in the Colony, whose people had 
 not forgotten the intolerable sufferings, illegal proceedings, 
 and barbarous treatment during the period of the said com- 
 pany's sway. 
 
 Collins mentions that in the family Bible of Archbishop Sandys, was this 
 lecoid : " George Sandes born the seventh day of March, at six of the Clock in 
 tlie morning 1577. His godfathers were George, Earl of Cumberland and Wil- 
 liam, Lord Ewer. His godmother Catharine, Countess of Huntington." He 
 died at the age of 66 years, in the house of his niece, the widow of Governor 
 Wyatt. In the register of Bexley Abbey is this entry : " Georgius Sandys, 
 Poetarum Anglorum sui soeculi facile prinoeps, sepultus fuit Martii 7 Stilo 
 Anglic, An. Dom., 1643." 
 
160 VIRGINIA GAROLOEUM. 
 
 The whole trade of the Colony had been monopolized by 
 the company, insomuch that when any person desired to go 
 for England he had not liberty to carry with him the fruits 
 of his own labor, for comfort and support, but was forced 
 to bring it to the Magazine of the company, there to ex- 
 change it for unprofitable and useless wares. 
 
 That they were now happy by the freedom of annual As- 
 semblies, warranted to them by his Majesty's gracious in- 
 structions, by legal trials, by juries in all criminal and civil 
 causes, and by his Majesty's royal encouragement upon all 
 occasions to address him, by humble petitions, which so 
 much distinguisheth our happiness from that of former 
 times when private letters to friends were rarely permitted 
 to be sent to England. 
 
 They further argued that the old corporation could not 
 be introduced without proving the illegality of the King's 
 proceedings against them, so that all grants since, upon such 
 a foundation must be void; "and if as they pretend, the 
 King had no right to grant, our lands held by immediate 
 grant from his Majesty must be void, and our possessions 
 must give place to their claim, which is an invincible argu- 
 ment of ruin and desolation to the Colony, as we must be 
 outed of our possessions if their pretence." 
 
 ' ' And though it is alleged by them that the charter of 
 orders from the Treasurer and company (Anno 1618) gives us 
 claim and right to be members of the corporation quatenus 
 planters, yet it appears by the charter, that planters and 
 adventurers who are members of the company are considered 
 by themselves, and distinguished in privileges, from planters 
 
VIRaiNIA CAROLORUM. 161 
 
 and adventurers not being members ; and as the King's 
 grantees we find ourselves condemned in* the said Charter 
 one clause of it pronouncing m these words ; " we do or- 
 dain that all persons as of their own voluntary will and 
 authority shall remove into Virginia without any grant from 
 us, in a great and general Quarter Court, in writing, under 
 our seals shall be declared, as they are, occupiers of our 
 land ; that is of the common lands of us the said Treasurer 
 and Company." 
 
 Now if persons who remove into this country without 
 license from the Treasurer and company are to be deemed 
 occupiers of the company's land, much more will such 
 grantees be deemed occupiers of their land, who hold their 
 rights under an erroneous judgment as they pretend. 
 
 That if the company be revived, and they have leave by 
 virtue of their charter of orders publickly to dispossess us, 
 the wiser world we hope will excuse us if we refuse to de- 
 part with what, next to our lives, nearest concerns us 
 (which are our estates, the livelihood of ourselves, our wives 
 and children) to the courtesy and wiU of such taskmasters, 
 from whom we have already experienced so much oppres- 
 sion. 
 
 That we will not admit of so unnatural a distance as a 
 company to interpose between his Sacred Majesty, and us 
 his subjects, from whose immediate protection we have re- 
 ceived so many royal favors and gracious blessings. 
 
 That by such admission, we shall degenerate from our 
 birthrights, being naturalized under a monarchical and not 
 a popular, or tumultuary government, depending upon the 
 
 • 21 
 
162 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 greatest number of votes of persons of several honors and 
 dispositions as that of a company miist be granted to be, 
 from whose General Quarter Courts all laws binding the 
 planters here did, and would again^ issue. 
 
 That we cannot without breach of natural duty and reli- 
 gion, give up and resign the lands we hold by grants from 
 the King upon certain annual rents (fitter as we humbly 
 conceive, if his Majesty shall so please, for a branch of his 
 own royal stem than for a company) to the claim of a cor- 
 poration ; for besides our own births, our possessions enjoin 
 us as a fealty without a salva -fide aliis Dominis. 
 
 That by the admission of a company the freedom of our 
 trade (the blood and life of a commonwealth) will be mono- 
 polized, for they who with most secret reservation, and 
 most subtlety argue for a company though they pretend 
 to submit the government to the King, yet reserve to the 
 corporation property to the land, and power of managing 
 the trade ; which word managing in every sense of it is 
 convertible to monopolizing, and will subject the trade 
 to the whole conti'ol and direction of their Quarter Courts 
 held at so great a distance from us that it is not probable or 
 possible for them to be acquainted with the accidental cir- 
 cumstances of the Colony, so as to form proper rules and 
 regulations for our trade, which our Q-rand Assembly, 
 acquainted with the clime and accidents thereof, have and 
 may upon better grounds, prescribe, and which in any 
 other way will be destructive to us. 
 
 That the pretence that the government shall be made 
 good to the King, that is, that the King shall nominate and 
 
 \ 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 163 
 
 appoint the Governor, we take at best, to be but a fallacy 
 and a trap, not of capacity enough to catch men with eyes 
 and forethought ; for upon a supposition that the Govern our 
 shall be named and appointed by the King, yet his depend- 
 ence, so far as respects his continuance or removal, will by 
 reason of their power, and interest with great men, rest in 
 the company, which naturally brings with it conformity to 
 their wiUs in whatever shall be commanded, and we leave 
 it to the best judgments whether such dependence will not 
 be pernicious to the Colony. 
 
 After these reasons, with firmness they make the follow- 
 ing positive declaration. 
 
 "We the Governour, Council, and Burgesses of this pre- 
 sent Grand Assembly having taken into serious considera- 
 tion these and many other dangerous effects which must be 
 concomitant in and from a company or corporation, have 
 thought fit to declare, and hereby do declare, for ourselves 
 and aU the commonality of this Colony, that it was never 
 desired, sought after, or endeavored to be sought for, either 
 directly or indirectly by the consent of any Grand Assembly 
 or the common consent of the people ; and we do hereby fur- 
 ther declare and testify to all the World, that we will never 
 admit the restoring the said Company, or any, for, or in 
 their behalf, saving to ourselves herein a most faithful and 
 loyal obedience to his most Sacred Majesty, our dread 
 Sovereign whose royal and gracious protection, allowance, 
 and maintenance of this our just declaration and protesta- 
 tion we doubt not (according to his accustomed clemency 
 and benignity to his subjects) to find. 
 
 "And we do farther enact, and be it hereby enacted and 
 manifested by the authority aforesaid, that what person or 
 
164 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 persons soever either is, or shall be hereafter any planter or 
 advenfcurei", and shall go about, by any way or means, either 
 directly or indirectly, to sue for, advise, assist, abet,' coun- 
 tenance, or contrive the reducing this Colony to a Company 
 or Corporation * * * * * shall be held and deemed an 
 enemy to the Colony and shall forfeit his or their whole 
 estate or estates that shall be found within the limits of the 
 Colony, the one half shall be and come to the publick use, 
 the other moity or half to the informer." 
 
 After the preparation of their objections, the Assembly 
 postponed all business and adjourned to the second of June, 
 When the protest was received by the King, the civil war 
 had begun in England, and he was in Yorkshire directing 
 troops against the friends of Parliament. Although his ap- 
 proval of their propositions would have no weight with 
 Parliament, yet it was most gi'aciously given, while he was 
 sojourning at York, in these words : 
 
 " Charles Kex 
 
 "Trusty and well beloved, we greet you well. Whereas 
 we have received a petition from you, our Governour, Coun- 
 cil, and Burgesses of the Grand Assembly in Virginia, 
 together with a declaration and protestation of the first of 
 April, against a petition presented in your names, to the 
 House of Commons in this our Kingdom, for restoring of 
 the letters patent for incorporating of the late • treasurer, 
 and Company, contrary to your intent and meaning, and 
 against all such as shall go about to alienate you frpm our 
 immediate protection ; and whereas you desire, by your 
 petition, that we should confirm this your declaration and 
 protestation under our royal signet, and transmit it to that 
 
VIHGIJSriA GABOLOBUM. 165 
 
 our Colony. These are to signify, that your acknowledg- 
 ment of our grace, bounty, and favour toward you, and 
 your so earnest desire to continue under our immediate 
 protection is veiy acceptable unto us ; and that as we had 
 not before the least intention to consent to the introduction 
 of any Company over that our Colony, so we are by it 
 much confirmed in our resolution, as thinking it unfit to 
 change a form of government, wherein (besides many other 
 reasons given and to be given) our subjects there having had 
 so long experience of it, received so much contentment and 
 satisfaction. And this our approbation of your petition and 
 protestation we have thought fit to transmit to you, under 
 our royal signet. Given at our Court, at York, the 5th of 
 July, 1642." 
 
 During this summer, there was an effort to secure New 
 England ministers for some vacant parishes. Some of the 
 settlers upon the banks of the Nansemond Eiver were from 
 the city of London, and had been under the influence of those 
 Puritan preachers who had opposed the pohcy of Arch- 
 bishop Laud. The parish of Upper Norfolk had grown so 
 large that in 1641, the Assembly enacted : " For the better 
 enabling the inhabitants of this colony to the religious 
 worship and service of Almighty God, which is often neg- 
 lected and slackened by the inconvenient and remote vast- 
 ness of parishes, Resolved, That the county of Upper 
 Norfolk be divided into three distinct parishes, viz : one, 
 on th^ soutji side of Nansimon river, from the present glebe 
 to head of said river, on the other side of the river, the 
 bounds to be limited from Cooling's Creek,' including both 
 sides of the creek, upward to the head of the western 
 
166 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 branch, and to be nominated the South Parish. It is also 
 thought, and confirmed that the east side of Nansimun 
 river from present glebe downward to the north of said 
 river, be a peculiar parish, to which the glebe and parson- 
 age house that now is, shall be appropiated and called East 
 Parish ; the third parish, to begin on the west side of Nan- 
 simun river, to be limited from Cooling's creek, as afore- 
 said, and to extend downward to the mouth of the river, 
 including all Chuckatuck, on both sides, and the Eagged 
 Islands, to be known by the West Parish." 
 
 During the summer of 1642, Philip Bennett, of -the Upper 
 Norfolk district, came in small pinnace, to Boston, with a 
 petition, signed by John Hill, Eichard Bennett, an influen- 
 tial merchant, afterwards Governor, and Daniel Gookin, 
 junior, " a Kentish soldier, a very forward man to advance 
 martial discipline," and others, in all, to the number of sev- 
 enty-one, asking for three able ministers, to occupy parishes 
 in their neighborhood. 
 
 At a session of the General Court of Massachusetts Bay 
 on the 8th of September, it was voted relative to "the 
 ministers proposed to be sent to Virginia, that if the churches 
 will consent to have them go, the. Magistrates should com- 
 mend them to the Government there." 
 
 The churches selected John Knowles," a ripe scholar who 
 
 ' Knowles after a few years left New England and became a preacher at Bris- 
 tol Cathedral, and then was sixteen years at Pershore, Worcester. On April 9 
 1665, his house was searched, and he imprisoned for sedition because he had 
 collected money for suffering Polanders, which, in his petition for release he 
 quaintly says, '■ he did not know was unlawful, but thouglit them an object of 
 pity." After his release, he devoted himself to the sufferers from the plague in 
 London. He lived to the ripe age of 85 years, and in 1685 died. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 167 
 
 had been educated at old Cambridge University, William 
 Tompson,* a graduate of Oxford, and Thomas James, who 
 had been two years preacher at Charlestown, Massa- 
 chusetts, but then at New Haven, Connecticut. 
 
 Their voyage was long, and stormy, occupying several 
 weeks. As they passed Hell Gate in T^ong Island Sound, 
 their pinnace was " bilged upon the rocks," but Mr. AUer- 
 ton, the son-in-law of William Brewster, the leader of the 
 Plymouth Colony, who was then at Manhattan, obtained 
 for them another vessel, in which in mid-winter they sailed 
 for Virginia. 
 
 Soon after they reached their destination, on March 1st, 
 1642-3 (0. S.), the Assembly' convened at Jamestown, when 
 
 ' William Tompson, as the name was written, was born in Lancashire, Eng., 
 in 1598, and in 1619, left Oxford, and before coming to New England, preached 
 at Winwick. In " Terra Maries'' J. B. Lippincott& Co., he Is erroneously men- 
 tioned as the cordial friend of Lord Baltimore. That William Tompson was a 
 Maryland settler and the only Roman Catholic that sided with Ingle and the 
 friends of Parliament, but afterward came back to Lord Baltimore's party. 
 
 » House of Bukgbsses Mabch 1 , 1643-3. 
 
 Henrico Oounty Capt. Mathew Gough. 
 
 Mr. Arthur Bayley. 
 
 Mr. Dan. Luellin. 
 Cha/rUa City Go. Walter Ashton. 
 
 Thomas Stegg, Speaker. 
 
 Mr. Walter Chiles. 
 
 Capt. Eob't Hutchinson. 
 
 Mr. Rowland Sadler. 
 Jamet City Co. Mr. Henry Fllmer. 
 
 Capt. John Fludd. 
 
 Mr. Stephen Webb. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Davis. 
 Waflrwick Bioer Co. Capt. Thomas Flint. 
 
 Mr. Toby Smith. 
 Elizabeth City Co, Mr. John Branch. 
 
 Mr. John Hoddin. 
 
168 VIRGINIA CAROlOnXTM. 
 
 under Grovernor Berkeley's influence, it was enacted " for 
 the preservation of the puritie of doctrine, and vnitie of 
 the church, that all men whatsoever, which shall reside in 
 the coUony are to be conformable to the orders and con- 
 stitution, of the Church of England, and the laws therein 
 established, and not otherwise to be admitted to teach pub- 
 lickly or privately. And that the Grand Counsel do take 
 care that all non-conformists upon notice of shall be com- 
 pelled to depart the coUony with all convenience." 
 
 It was also re-enacted that no popish recusants should at 
 any time hold office unless they had taken the oaths of alle- 
 giance and supremacy, and that no popish priest could re- 
 main in the Colony longer than five days, after receiving 
 notice to leave from the Governor, or the authority of the 
 place. 
 
 The church pohty determined upon for the parishes was 
 quite peculiar. In New England civil affairs were subject 
 to the vote of the church, but the reverse was the order in 
 Virginia, and spiritual concerns were under the supervision 
 of officers chosen by the body politic. Each parish was in- 
 dependent. The law passed, declared : " That thevestrie of 
 
 Iile of Wight Co. Mr. Arthur Jones. 
 
 Mr. Richard Death. 
 Upper Norfolk Oo. Mr. John Carter. 
 
 Mr. Randall Crew. 
 Lower Norfolk Co. Mr. Cornelius Lloyd. 
 
 Mr. Edward Windham. 
 York County. Mr. John Chew. 
 
 Capt. Chesman. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Tayler. 
 Northampton Co. Mr, Phil. Tayler. 
 
 Mr. Edward Scarborough. 
 
VIBGIJSriA CABOLOBUM. 169 
 
 evrie parish, with the allowance of the commander, and 
 comr's of the county living, and resideing within the said 
 parish, or the vestrie alone, in case of their non-residence, 
 shall from henceforward, have power to elect, make choyce 
 of their ministers, and he or they so elected by the com- 
 mander and com'rs, or by the vestrie, in case of non-residence 
 as aforesaid, to be recommended and presented to the said 
 commander, and com'rs or vestrie alone, to the Grovernor, 
 and so by him admitted. Provided, that it shall be lawfull 
 for the Gov' for the time being to admit and elect such a 
 minister as he shall allow of in James Citty parish. And 
 in any -parish where the Governour and his successors shall 
 have a plantation, provided he or they enjoy not that privi- 
 lege but in one parish, where he or they have such a planta- 
 tion, And vpon the neglect, or misbecoming of the ministers 
 or any of them compl't thereof being made by the vestrie, 
 The Governour and Council are requested so to proceed 
 against such minister or ministers, by suspension, or other 
 punishment as they shall think fitt and the offence require, 
 Removall of such ministers, to be left to the Grand Assem- 
 bly." With a vestry elected by a community of godless 
 planters, the most orthodox minister was liable to be com- 
 plained of, suspended or removed, by the secular power, 
 while a wine bibbing and horse racing parson could be re- 
 tained for years by a vestry of jolly and loose living parish- 
 ioners. As yet the rancor of civil war had not separated 
 neighbors, and while Stegg the speaker of the House, Ben- 
 nett of the Council, and others, sympathized with Parlia- 
 ment, they were disposed to support their royalist Governor 
 as the following legislation shows. 
 22 
 
170 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 " Whereas the vnkind differences now in England, It 
 may be with great reason be assured to the most scrupolous 
 that the severall pension & allowance from his Ma'tie to 
 the Governour of this place is for the present withdrawn 
 and suspended & that therefore for sustentation and support 
 of the honour of this place of Governour in accomodation 
 from the plantation in cleare and absolute terms of neces- 
 sitie is required and inforced ; 
 
 " Yet nevertheles this present Grand Assembly together 
 and eye to the honour of the place, having alsoe entered 
 into a deep sense and consideration of the duty and trust 
 which the publique votes and suffrages have cast vpon them 
 vnder which is comprehended as the most speciall and 
 binding obligation the preservation of the rights and pro- 
 perties of the people, to which this course now intended may 
 seem to threaten violence however, rather innovated in the 
 manner and circumstance, then in value and substance ; 
 Yet as well for the silencing of pretences as for answearing 
 arguments of weight. 
 
 '■'It is thought fitt hereby to declare that as from the in- 
 fancy of the colony there never was the like concurrence 
 and pressure of affairs which they likewise hope and pray 
 to Almighty God to [avert] from his Ma'tie and his ma'ties 
 kingdom, soe they have recorded to the posteritie, with this 
 ensueing president of accommodation for the Governour, that 
 the aforesaid instance, and motives removed, they will 
 never yield or consent to receive [renew ?]the same " and it 
 was ordered that a levy of two shillings upon each tithable 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 171 
 
 person, payable in provisions', be made for the support of the 
 Governor, and a house with a lot of two acres was also 
 presented, as "a free and voluntary gift, in consideration 
 of many worthy favours manifested toward the Colony. " 
 ■ At this session, persons who fled from England on account 
 of their debts, were exempted from prosecution by creditors, 
 because in the language of the Act, ' ' it might hazard the 
 deserting of the great part of the country." 
 
 Several changes were made in names and boundaries. 
 The plantation of ' ' Achomack " was ordered to be called 
 Northampton, and Charles River County was changed to 
 York, and Warwick Eiver to Warwick County. Upper 
 Norfolk was divided into three parishes, and "Chescake" 
 was changed to Hampton Parish. Two parishes were 
 created in Northampton County, one south of Kings Creek, 
 the other between Kings Creek and Naswattocks. The 
 monthly courts were made bi-mensal, and designated ae 
 County Courts. 
 
 Walter Austin, Rice Hoe, Joseph Johnson and Walter 
 Chiles, were authorized to explore the country west and 
 south of the " Appomattake " riv.er, with the privilege of 
 trading with the Indians for fourteen years. 
 
 All old settlers who arrived at the last coming of Sir 
 Thomas Gates, or before, were exempted frojji military 
 
 ■ Indian corn was rated at 10 shillings a barrel, two barrels in ear, equivalent 
 to a barrel without cobs ; wheat at 4s. a bushel ; beef at 3J pence a pound, pork 
 at 4 pence a pound ; good hens at 12 pence, capons at \s. M ; calves six weeks 
 old, at 25 shillings ; butter at 8cif. per pound ; good goats at 30s. ; pigs to roast 
 three shillings ; cheese 6 pence a pound ; geese, turkeys and kids each 5 
 shillings. 
 
172 VIBQINIA CAROLOEUM. 
 
 service, and public taxes, except those for the support of 
 ministers. 
 
 The doctrine of popular sovereignty was set forth in a 
 declaration that an Act of the Assembly was higher than 
 any act of the General Court, or proclamation of the Go- 
 vernor. 
 
 The New England ministers received no encouragement 
 from Governor Berkeley. An old chronicler quaintly men 
 tions : "They found loving and liberal entertainment in 
 the country and were bestowed in several places, by the 
 care of some honest minded persons that much desired their 
 company rather than by any care of the Governor. ***** 
 It fared with them as it had done before with the Apostles 
 in the primitive times, that the people magnified them, and 
 their hearts seemed to be much inflamed with an earnest 
 desire after the Gospel, though the civil rulers of the country 
 did not allow of their public preaching because they did 
 not conform to the orders of the church of England, how- 
 ever, the people resorted to them in private houses as much 
 as before." 
 
 Early in the summer of 1643, not wishing to continue 
 preaching in opposition to the authorities, they returned to 
 Massachusetts. Lord Baltimore profiting by the short- 
 sighted policy of the Virginia Governor, was quick to make 
 known through Capt. Edward Gibbons,' of Boston, that 
 
 1 Gibbons as a young man had been inclined to be wild, but became a sedate 
 and prominent merchant of Boston, having commercial transactions with the 
 planters of Virginia and Maryland. Gov. Winthrop, under date of 10th month 
 1646, v?rote: " But the Lord is still pleased to afflict us in our shipping, for 
 Major Gibbons and Capt. Leverett having sent a new ship of about one hundred 
 
VIBaiNIA GAROLORUM. 173 
 
 the officers of Maryland would welcome any English non- 
 conformist. 
 
 In February, 1636-7, Cecil, Lord Baltimore, presuming 
 upon his powerful court influence, and devoted friendship 
 of Secretary Windebank,' applied for the Governorship of 
 
 tons to Virginia, and having there freighted her with tobacco, going out of the 
 river, by a sudden storm was forced ashore, and lost her anchor and mucli of the 
 goods, to the loss (as is estimated) of two thousand pounds." 
 
 Lord Baltimore in 1650, "having good experience of the honour, worth, and 
 ability, of Edvvurd Gibbons, Esquire, JNIajor General of New England" appointed 
 bim one of the council of State and Admiral of the Province of Maryland. 
 He was present, in 1653, when Maryland surrendered to the Commonwealth of 
 England, and at his death, he owned a wind-mill at Saint Mary. 
 
 ' Francis Windebank, son of Sir Thomas, of Hurst, Berkshire, a graduate of 
 Saint Johns, Oxford, was a trimmer, and trickster. Through the influence of 
 Laud, when Bishop of London, lie was in June, 1633, appointed to succeed Sir 
 Dudley Carl eton, the Viscoubt Dorchester, deceased, as Secretary of State, and 
 that month George, Lord Baltimore, obtained the grant of Maryland. When Laud 
 became unpopular, be forsook bim, and suspected of being a Roman Catholic 
 be fled in 1640, to Franc* Charles the First learned to dislike him. In a letter 
 from Paris, dated Feb. 5-15, 1640-1 the Earl of Leicester alludes to him: "I as- 
 sure you that of all the men in the world; I have the least obligation, and the 
 least affection to the little Ex-Secretarius that is come hither. I never held any 
 other correspondence with him heretofore than that which his oflBce and my 
 employment required ; and since his being here, he hath had no more from me 
 than such civility as is due to a person of his quality, painfully and dangerously 
 accused, I must confess, but not yet condemned for aught I know, and I am 
 sure it doth not belong to me, to judge or to degrade him. He comes often to 
 my chapel, though he find uo altars there to bow unto, nor any candles upon 
 them to help a blind devotion." The Secretary, in 1646, died in Paris. 
 
 Cecil, Baltimore, Feb. 23, 1686-7, to Secbetaby Windebank. 
 
 Right Honorable. 
 
 Since I waited on you I liave (lieere in the Country) further considered of the 
 proposition which I made unto your Honor concerning the advancement of his 
 Majties service in Virginia, and 1 have desired my Brother Pcaseleyto acquaint 
 you with my resolution in it, which I will infallibly performe if his Majtie 
 please to accept of it, for you may le most assured that I would not ingage my 
 credit in business of such importance, and especially to such persons before I 
 
174 VIRGINIA GAROLOEUM. 
 
 Virginia, with a salary of two thousand pounds a year, and 
 while it was not obtained, it is probable that by his influence, 
 Gabriel Hawley received the appointment of Surveyor, and 
 Jerome Hawley that of Treasurer of Virginia. Ever anxious 
 
 was very well assured of my ability to performe with satisfaction what I under- 
 take. I do presume by him, also to propose unto you a way of the King in the 
 business ; such a one as I conceive may be most likely to take'effect, or In case 
 of his refusall of it, in that way will I conceive be less prejudicial! to me; but 
 this I submit to your better judgment. If the business takes effect as the King 
 will receive a groat benefitt by it, so will it be of good consequence to me, which 
 I shall accordingly acknowledge to your honor, and besides I shall thereby be 
 inabled to do you such further service as shall make me to appeare unto you a 
 really grateful man. 
 
 I am much your debtor Sir for former favours, and in especiall for your present 
 care of my New Foundland business, that concerns me very much which I shall 
 likewise acknowledge to you, for I know by good experience your noble integ- 
 rity and favour to me to be such, as that you will by the best of your Endeavors 
 protect me from injury. 
 
 Your honors most affectionate 
 Warder Castle and humble servant, 
 
 25 Feb., 1686. C. Baltimore. 
 
 Mbmoeial. 
 
 The Lord Baltimore having considered of the discourse that was betwixt us 
 Mr. Secretary and himself, concerning his desire to do his Majestie service in 
 Virginia doth conceive (with submission to Mr. Secretary's better judgment) 
 this to be a fitt way to propound the matter to the King. 
 
 That Mr. Secretary may bee pleased to take notice to his Majestie how sensible 
 he hath often found the Lord Baltimore to bee, for the great favours he hath 
 received from the King in his late occasions, and how desirous hee is to do him 
 some acceptable service, wherein hee may express his duty and gratitude to his 
 Majesty. The consideration whereof hath Invited him to take some paines to 
 informe himselfe, of the present state of Virginia whereof hee hath acquired so 
 much knowledge as hee will understand the great prejudice the King suffers there 
 by not receiving so much profit from thence, as he ought to have and is due ; 
 wherefore he did assure Mr. Secretary that he would undertake to improve his 
 Majesties Revenue further eight thousand pounds yearly more than now he re- 
 ceived for, or by revenue of that plantation, and this his Lordship will do without 
 laying any new, or other taxes or imposition on the Planters than what they now 
 do, and will most willingly pay. But because this advancement of the King's 
 revenue in Virginia cannot be effected unless the Lord Baltimore do remove and 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 175 
 
 for his own aggrandizement at the expense of poUtical and 
 rehgious scruples, on the 28th of February, 1643-4, he re- 
 ceived authority from the King, then at Oxford, authoriz- 
 ing his brother Leonard Calvert, Governor of Maryland, to 
 treat with the General Assembly of Virginia' as to duties to 
 be imposed upon goods exported, or imported, and that, 
 when this agreement was effected, that then Lord Balti- 
 more should, with such associates, as he should choose, 
 have a lease of these customs, with power to appoint such 
 collectors as he might desire. 
 
 reside some time tliere, which he cannot with his safety, well do except hee be 
 authorized and enabled, by having the government of that country, whereunto, 
 though Mr. Secretary perceives the Lord Baltimore hath no ambition or affec- 
 tion, yet for the advancement and performance of this service liee doth verily 
 thinke that upon his Majesties command tlie Lord Baltimore would accept of the 
 government, and two thousand pounds per year for the support thereof, payable 
 out of that improvement of Rent, and for that purpose would so accommodate 
 his private occasions heere, as he might bee ready to transport himself thither 
 with as much speede as his Maties service required. And that if his Majtie were 
 pleased to speake with the Lord Baltimore hee would upon signification of his 
 pleasure make his present repayre from the country, to give him particular and 
 perfect satisfaction of the meanes and manner to raise the increase of Revenue. 
 
 'The following are extracts from a blank commission prepared on April 10, 
 1644. 
 
 "Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, to all to whom these presents come, greeting: 
 Whereas, our Sovereign lord, the King, by his Highness commission, under the 
 great seal of England, bearing date at Oxford, the 28 day of February, now last 
 past, hath authorized Leonard Calvert, brother of me, the said Lord Baltimore, 
 to treat, conclude, and agree, and with the General Assembly of the Colony of 
 Virginia, for and concerning the ascertaining and establishing, by Act of General 
 Assembly there, of customs, and duties, to be paid to his Majesty, his heirs and 
 successors in Virginia, upon exportation of tobacco and other goods and mer- 
 chandize from thence, and upon all other goods and merchandize brought in and 
 imported there, other than for necessary supply of clothing imported, as by the 
 said commission more at large appeareth. 
 
 And, whereas, by a contract or ageeemeut in writing, bearing date the day of 
 the date of the said commission, made between our sovereign Lord, the King, 
 of the one party, and the said Lord Baltimore of the other party, reciting the 
 
176 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 The Earl of Warwick as Admiral of the Parliament fleet, 
 gave letters of marque to captains of ships authorizing them 
 to capture all vessels from Bristol, Barnstable, Dartmouth 
 and other places whose merchants supported the King, and 
 during the winter of 164:3-4, the Virginians were informed 
 that henceforth they should be free from all taxation not 
 self-imposed, and that whenever there was a vacancy, they 
 might choose their own Governor. 
 
 While those in the Governor's presence continued to pray 
 "God save the King," those who had business relations 
 with the merchants of London, were disposed to give heed 
 to the orders of the House of Commons. 
 
 Eichard Ingle,' Captain of a London ship, in January, 
 1643-4, arrived in the watei's of Chesapeake Bay and saihng 
 up to Saint Mary, the capital of the province of Maryland, he 
 
 said commission liereinbefore recited, our said Sovereign Lord, tlie King, for tlie 
 coEsideration in the said contract or agreenirnt expressed, is pleased, and hatli 
 agreed with me, the said Lord Baltimore, that in case a certainty and customs, 
 and duties shall be established by act of General Assembly of the said Colony of 
 Virginia, according to the tenor of said coininission ; That then his said Majesty 
 will make a lease, or grant to me, and such others as I shall desire to bo joyned 
 with me, of the same customs and duties which shall be established us aforesaid, 
 for such term, and under such rents and covenants as in the same contract or 
 agreement are expressed," etc., etc. 
 
 'Ingle was probably the same person who came lo Boston early in the sum- 
 mer of 1643, of whom Winthrop in his History of .\ew England, writes : " The 
 ship Eleanor of London, one Mr. Inglee, master, arrived at Boston. She was 
 laden with tobacco from Virginia, and having been about 1 1 days at sea, she 
 was taken with such a tempest, as though all her sails were down and made up, 
 yet they were blown from the yards, and she was laid over on one side, two and 
 a half hours, so low as the water stood upon her deck, and the sea over-racking 
 her continually. ***** .She staid here and was well fitted with masts, 
 sails and rigging, and victuals at such reasonable rates, as the master was much 
 affected with his entertainment, and professed that he had never found the like 
 usage in Virginia, where he had traded these ten years." 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 177 
 
 was arrested for speeches disloyal to the King, by acting 
 Governor Brent, and the following proclamation issued : 
 ' ' These are to publish & p'clay m to all psons as well 
 seamen as others, that Eichard Ingle M"^ of his ship is 
 arrested upon highe treason to his Ma'^ ; & therefore to 
 require all p'sons to be aiding and assisting to his Lo"" offi- 
 cers in seizing of his ship, and not to offer any resistance 
 or contempt hereunto, nor to be any otherwaise aiding or 
 assisting to the said Richard Ingle upon per'l of highe trea- 
 son to his Ma"'." 
 
 The chief charges^ when examined were of no great impor- 
 tance and Thomas Cornwallis, the chief councillor and most 
 prominent man in Maryland "to show his affection to Par- 
 liament found means to free Ingle, and restore his ship, and 
 goods, for which, he was fined the highest sum that could, 
 by law, be laid upon him, and for safety of his person was 
 forced to leave his estate in the hands of a servant, and 
 fly with Ingle to England " about the middle of March. 
 
 A Rotterdam vessel on the 22d of October, 16i3, arrived 
 at Jamestown with a cargo of wine, and in it, was Oapt. De 
 Vries as passenger. He remained during the whole winter 
 
 "It was charged that on the 30th of November, 1641, "not having the feara 
 of God before his eies, but instigated thereuato by the instigation of the 
 divill & example of other traitors of his Matie traiterously & as an enemy did 
 levie war and beare arms agst his matie & exercise the command and captain- 
 ship of the town of Gravesend" in England ; that he had said in 1642-3, that in 
 February of that. year he had been bidden in the King's name to come ashore at 
 Accomac in Virginia, but he had refused to do so, and had threatened to cut off 
 the head of any one who should come on his ship : that in April, 1643, at Mat- 
 tapanian St. Clement's Hundred, he said "that Prince Rupert was Prince Traitor 
 & Prince Rogue and if he had him aboard his ship he would whip him at the 
 capstaiu." 
 
 23 
 
178 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 in the Valley of the James Eiver and frequently visited 
 Governor Berkeley, who treated him with great hospitality. 
 The ship in which he came sailed one hundred and seven 
 miles beyond Jamestown and discharged its freight. The 
 planters, as when De Vries was before in Virginia, still 
 lost "their servants by gambling." He wrote that while 
 the Virginians were hospitable, ' ' they are not proper persons 
 to trade with. You must look out when you trade with 
 them Peter is always by Paul or you will be struck in the 
 tail, for if they can deceive any one they account it a 
 Eoman action. They say in their language ' He played him 
 an English trick.' " 
 
 On the 10th of April, 164-4, De Vries, at the si^ggestion of 
 Governor Berkeley, engaged passage in a London ship of 
 twenty-eight guns, then anchored at Jamestown. When 
 the vessel reached Blunt Point, on the 13th, there was seen 
 a Bristol vessel of twelve guns, pursued by two London 
 ships discharging cannon, but it being of lighter draught 
 sailed into Warwick Creek, and escaped with little injury. 
 De Vries passed the night, after the fight, on board of one 
 of the London vessels, and the next morning, visited the 
 Bristol ship in the Creek, and learned that a planter who 
 was on board to purchase some goods, had been killed. 
 On the 15th of April, he went aboard his own ship, and on 
 the 18th, eleven ships of London, each carrying from eigh- 
 teen to twenty guns, sailed from the fort, at Point Comfort, 
 for England. 
 
 The eighteenth day of April, was Good Friday, of the eccle- 
 siastical calendar, and Governor Berkeley had ordered it to 
 
VIItGINIA GAROLORUM. 179 
 
 be kept as a special fast day to pray for King Charles, but 
 it was not observed, as it had become a day of unexpected 
 mourning. The Indians observing that the white popula- 
 tion was engaged in civil war, determined to gratify their 
 revenge, and the day before Good Friday commenced to kill 
 the settlers and continued their bloody work for two days. 
 They divided themselves into small companies, and beset 
 the English houses a little before the break of day, waiting 
 for the first person who should open the door. Beating out 
 his brains they entered the house, slew all within, and then 
 burned the building with the dead, or wounded women and 
 children.^ About three hundred whites lost their lives. 
 
 Governor Oalvert, of Maryland had already gone to Ox- 
 ford, to confer with King Charles, and Berkeley, perplexed 
 by the demonstration against the King, made Secretary 
 Kemp acting Governor; and sailed for England to take 
 advice. While he was absent, during the summer, Capt. 
 Thomas Stegg, a member of his Council and who had 
 been speaker of the Assembly, in March, 1643, appeared 
 in the waters of Boston with a letter of marque from 
 the Earl of Warwick, and a ship of twenty-four guns, 
 and finding there a Bristol ship with a cargo of fish, he 
 showed the captain his commission and said that he would 
 give him thirty minutes to consider certain terms of sur- 
 render. The movement was surprising and there was great 
 excitement, crowds having gathered upon Windmill Hill 
 during the parley. The Bristol captain, after consulting 
 with his sailors, accepted the terms, and the ship was taken 
 
 1 Johnson'a Wonder Working Providence. 
 
180 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 by Stegg as a prize. The next Sunday some of the Boston 
 ministers denounced the Virginia captain, and urged the 
 magistrates to prevent his taking the ship, but they did not 
 see how they could restrain one acting under a commission 
 from parHament. Majors Gribbons, and Sedgwick, were 
 subsequently ordered not to permit any ships to fight in the 
 harbor. 
 
 Eobert Evelin after publishing in England in 1641, his 
 small tract on New Albion, returned to America and was in 
 164:3, living on his plantation in Maryland. Some frontier 
 settlers, near Pascatoway, having been murdered by ma- 
 rauding Indians, Governor Calvert, on the 23d of June 
 appointed him to ' 'levy, train, and muster" the people in that 
 region, and protect them from the savages. During the 
 month of July, he sat as a member of the Maryland Assem- 
 bly' from St. George's Hundred, having been summoned by 
 special writ. 
 
 Sir Edmund Plowden^ probably arrived from England with 
 
 • After this Assembly, Gov. Calvert vprote to Gov. Berkeley, asking him to 
 send one hundred men by the first of October, to Kent Island to unite ia an 
 expedition against the hostile " Sasquesahanocks, Wicomeses, and Nanticokes." 
 On the 5lh of October the Governor and Virginia Coancil decidedthat it was 
 " impossible to comply with his request, as many of the inhabitants were about 
 to remove to new plantations, and were hardly able to get arms and ammunition 
 to defend themselves ; and those remaining upon the old plantations not having 
 a supply of military provisions, besides the heavy hand ot God's visitation 
 upon the plantations generally, of which few were recovered." 
 
 = Sir. Edmund Plowden, Kt., was the grandson of Edmund' Plowden, the 
 learned and honorable pleader, who died in 1584, and whose commentaries on 
 law, Chief Justice Coke called " exquisite and elaborate." His father was Francis 
 Plowdep, of Plowden Salop. The Knight was married about the year 1610, to 
 Mabel, daughter of Peter Mariner of Wanstead, Hampshire, who brought him 
 an estate of £800 per annum in land. 
 
VIRGIWIA GAROLORUM. 181 
 
 Evelin, in 1642, and sailed up the river Delaware.' The set- 
 tlement of English spoken of by the council of Manhattan, 
 this year, as " obliquely opposite Fort Nassau," which 
 is now the site of Philadelphia, may have been fostered 
 by him, and near this spot in 1634:, Eobert Evelin, and his 
 uncle Capt. Young, had stopped. 
 
 The winter of 1642-3, Plowden seems to have passed in 
 Virginia, and Maryland. Printz. the Governor of the set- 
 tlement of Swedes, on the Delaware, in a letter to the 
 Swedish West India Company, gives some account of 
 Plowden. He mentions: "How last year [1643] in Vir- 
 ginia he desired to sail with his people, sixteen in number, 
 in a barque from Heckemack [Accomac] to Kikathans 
 
 In 1632, lie with other persons petitioned the King for " Manitie or Long Isle " 
 and " thirty miles square of the coast next adjoining, to be erected into a County 
 Pa.latine called Syon to be held of " " his Majesty's Crown of Ireland without 
 appeal or subjection to the Governor and Company of Virginia," with some 
 modifications, the isle called Plowden, and the country New Albion, the. petition 
 was granted at Oatland on July 34th, of this year, and a charter granted and 
 sealed June 31, 1634, at Dublin, Ireland, 
 
 He was a violent person. In 1635, owing to excessive cruelty his wife 'was 
 obliged to leave his house. Plowden having professed conformity to the 
 church of England, and giving bond not to use any cruelty, his wife returned 
 to her home, but in March, 1639, she complained that her husband was still 
 cruel and refused to support her, and remained in prison to avoid paying alimony. 
 As late as the 7th of May, 1640, he was in the Fleet Prison, and probably after 
 being released from confinement he sailed for America, where he stayed seven 
 years. 
 
 Not only his wife but others suffered from his unbridled temper. Philip 
 Oldfield, Rector of Lasham, Hants, for twenty-<Bve years, in May, 1638, com- 
 plained that Plowden " threatened his ruin, unjustly detained his body, beat his 
 wife, great with child, and insulted over his weak and declining estq,te." 
 
 ' In the Delaware Register, Vol. I, page 83, a writer mentions that " in 1643, 
 the Dutch proceeded to the Schuylkill, with a view of dispossessing the Mary- 
 landers, who had lately seated themselves there." 
 
182 VIRQIN^IA GABOLORUM. 
 
 [Hampton] and when they came to the Bay of Virginia, the 
 captain who had previously conspired with the Knight's 
 people to kill him, directed his course, not to Kikathan, but 
 to Cape Henry passing which, they came to an isle in the 
 high sea called Smith's Island, when they took counsel in 
 what way they should put him to death, and thought it 
 best not to slay him with their hands, but to set him, with - 
 out food, clothes, or arms, on the above named island, 
 which was not inhabited by men, or animals, save wolves 
 and bears, and this they did. Nevertheless, two young noble 
 retainers, who had been brought up by the Knight, and 
 who knew nothing of that plot, when they beheld this evil 
 fortune of their lord, leaped from the barque into the ocean, 
 swam ashore and remained with their master. The fourth 
 day following, an English sloop sailed by Smith's Island, 
 coming so close, that the young men were able to hail her, 
 when the Knight was taken aboard, half-dead and as black 
 as the ground, and conveyed to Hackemack, where he re- 
 covered. The Knight's people, however, arrived with the 
 barque May 6, 1643, at our Fort Elfsborg and asked after 
 ships to old England. Hereupon I demanded their pass, 
 and enquired from whence they came ; and as soon as I per- 
 ceived they were not on a proper errand, I took them with 
 me, with their consent, to Christina, to bargain about flour 
 and other provisions, and questioned them, until a maid 
 servant, who had been the Knight's washerwoman, con- 
 fessed the truth and betrayed them. I at once caused an 
 inventory- to be taken of their goods, in their presence, and 
 held the people prisoners, until the very English sloop 
 which had rescued the Knight arrived, with a letter from 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORJIM. 183 
 
 him, concerning the matter, not alone addressed to me, but 
 to all the governors and commandants of the whole coast 
 of Florida. Thereupon, I surrendered to him the people, 
 barque, and goods, in precise accordance with the inventory, 
 and he paid me, 425 riksdaler for my expenses. The 
 chief of these traitors the Knight has had executed. He 
 himself is still in Virginia, and as he constantly professes, 
 expects vessels and people from Ireland and England. To 
 all ships and barques that come from thence, he grants free 
 commission to trade here, in the river, with the savages ; 
 but I have not permitted any of them to pass, nor shall I 
 do so, until I receive order and command to that effect, from 
 my most gracious Queen, her Royal Majesty of Sweden.'" 
 
 While residing in Virginia, in 1643, Plowden bought an 
 interest in a bark,^ with Draper, of Kickotan, and in May 
 of this year, Margaret Brent, subsequently the executrix of 
 Governor Calvert of Maryland, visited Kent Island accom- 
 panied by Anne, his lame maid servant. 
 
 In May, 1644, Daniel Gookin, Jr., son of Daniel Grookin, 
 who had become much interested in the preaching of the 
 non-conformist ministers, left Virginia and became one of 
 the most distingxiished citizens of Boston.^ 
 
 ' Printz'B letter translated by Gregory B. Keen, first appeared in Vol. VII, 
 Pennsylvania Magazine. 
 
 ' In N. Y. Colonial Documents Vol. XII, p. 57, is the following : 
 
 " I Peter Jarisen aged about 23 years declare at the request of Mr. Moor 
 that he when, in 1643, in the River Rapahanick heard one Middeler say that the 
 bark now belonging to Peter Lawerensen and Mr. Throokmorten, when Mr. 
 Middeler was skipper, was the property of Sir Edmund Pleyden, Knight, viz. : 
 one half of the bark & 3 hogsheads of flour, freighted on account of said Knight. 
 
 3 His father was also named Daniel Qookin also written Qookins. There is an 
 indenture on record dated Feb. 1, 1630, between Daniel Gookins, Gent, and 
 
184 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 On the first of October, an Assembly* convened, Eichard 
 Kemp the Secretary, acting as Governor, in the absence of 
 Berkeley. 
 
 Thos. Addison his servant. In 1637, tliere was a grant to Daniel Gookius of 
 2500 acres upon the north-west of Nansemond River. In 1642, Daniel Qookins 
 was President of the Court of Upper Norfolk. From a verse by Cotton Mather 
 he appears to have been influenced by William Tomson's preaching. 
 
 " A constellation of great converts there 
 
 Shone found him, and his heavenly glory wear, 
 Gookins was one of them, by Tompson's pains, 
 Christ and New England, a dear Gookins gained." 
 
 While he did not live there, he owned a plantation near South River, Mary- 
 land, and, in 1655, two of his neifroes there were killed by Indians. He was a 
 friend of John Eliot, the Indian Missionary, and wrote a history of the Massa- 
 chusetts tribes. Chief Justice Sewall called to see him when dying, and that 
 day wrote in his journal, " a right good man." 
 
 His tombstone is at Cambridge, Mass., with this inscription. 
 
 " Here Lyeth Interred 
 
 Ye body of 
 
 Major-General Daniel Gookins 
 
 aged 75 years 
 
 Who departed this life 
 
 Ye 19th March, 1686-7." 
 
 ' Council at Assembly convened October 1, 1644. 
 
 Capt. Wm. Claiborne, Capt. Wm. Peirce, Capt. Henry Browne, Capt. W. 
 Brocas, Mr. George Menifie, Mr. Richard liennett, Capt. Humphrey Higginion, 
 Capt. Thos. Bernard, Mr. George Ludlow, Capt. Richard Townsend. 
 
 BtjuaESSES, October. 1644. 
 
 James City County. 
 
 Capt. Robert Hutchinson. Mr, George Jordan. 
 
 Mr. Stephen Webb. Mr. John Shepherd. 
 
 Mr. Edward Travis. Mr. Tho's Warren. 
 Mr. Tho's Loveing. 
 
 Torh County. 
 
 Mr. John Chow. Capt. X'pher Caulthropp. 
 
 Mr, Rowland Bumham. 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 185 
 
 The increased consumption of liquor led to some prohibi- 
 tory enactments. It was ordered that no one should keep 
 an inn unless he had the approval of: the county court, 
 and a license from the Q-overnor, and that he should not 
 " sell or utter wine, or strong liquor," but might dispose of 
 strong beer at the rate of eight pounds of tobacco a gallon, 
 and that no "debts for wines or strong liquors" could be 
 recovered by law. The price of a meal at a public house 
 was fixed at ten pounds of tobacco. 
 
 laU of Wight Co. 
 
 Mr. Peter Hull. Mr. Richard Death. 
 
 Mr. George Hardy. 
 
 Lower Noi'folk Co. 
 Mr. Cornelius Lloyd. Mr. John Sydney. 
 
 EUzabeih City Co. 
 Lt. Wm. Wos. Mr. John Hodin. 
 
 Warioick County. 
 
 Capt. Tho's Bernard. Mr. John Heyrick. 
 
 Mr. John Walker. 
 
 NortlMmpton County. 
 
 Mr Obedience Robins. Mr. Edward Douglas. 
 
 Upper Norfolk Co. 
 Mr. Randall Crew. Mr. Moore Fontleroy. 
 
 Charles City Co. 
 
 Capt. Edward Hill, Speaker. Mr. John Westrop. 
 
 Mr. Francis Poythers. Mr. Dan. Lewellin. 
 
 Mr. John Bishop. 
 
 Henrico County. 
 
 Mr. Richard Cocker. Mr. Wm. Hatcher. 
 
 Mr. Abraham Wood. 
 24 
 
186 
 
 VIRGINIA OAROLORUM. 
 
 Acting Governor Kemp, on Februaiy, 17, 1644-4:5 con- 
 vened another Assembly,' which authorized George Mene- 
 
 ■CoD^'CILIiOES Present at Assembly February 17, 1644-5. 
 
 John West, Willinm Claiborne, Willi;im Prfirce, Thomas Willouprhbie, 
 Thomas Pattys, Richard Bennett, Henry Brown, /Vrgoll Yeardley, dipt. Hum- 
 ptirey Higginson, Capt. Bernard, Mr. George Ludlow, Capt. Rich. Townsend. 
 
 Burgesses. 
 
 Mr. Ambrose Harmor. 
 Capt. Roh't Hutchinson. 
 Mr. Wm. Barrett. 
 
 Mr. John Baugh. 
 
 Capt. Ed. Hill, Speaker. 
 Mr. Rice Hoe. 
 
 Mr. Edward Lloyd. 
 Mr. Tho's Meares. 
 
 Capt. Harwood. 
 Mr. Tho's Bernard. 
 
 Mr. Arthur Smith. 
 Mr. Philip Bennett. 
 
 Capt. yeo. 
 
 Capt X'pher Calthropp. 
 
 Mr. Edm'd Scarborough. 
 
 James Oity Co. 
 
 Mr. John Corter. 
 Mr. Geo. Stephens. 
 Mr. John Rogers. 
 
 Henrico County . 
 
 Mr. Ab. Wood. 
 
 Oharles City Co. 
 
 L't. Francis Poythers. 
 Mr. Edward Prince. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Mr. X'pher Burroughs. 
 
 'Warwick Co. 
 
 Mr. Henry Heyricke. 
 
 Me of Wight Co. 
 
 Mr. George Hardy. 
 
 Upper Norfolk Co. 
 
 Mr. Moore Fontleroy 
 
 Elinaheth City Go. 
 
 Mr. Arthur Price. 
 
 Northampton Go. 
 
 Mr. Stephen Charlton. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. igy 
 
 fie" and Richard Bennett, to purchase powder and shot for the 
 use of the Colony against the Indians, and enacted "for 
 God's glory and the publick benefitt of the OoUony to the 
 end that Grod might avert his heavie judgments that are now 
 vpon.us, that the last Wednesday of everie month be sett 
 apart for a day of ffast and humiliation, and that it be 
 wholly dedicated to prayers and preaching," and also " that 
 the eighteenth day of April be yearly celebrated by thanks- 
 givinge for our deliverance from the hands of the Salvages." 
 U Captain Claiborne, Hetiry Fleet, and Argall Yeardley 
 were invited to be at Jamestown, in October, 1644, at 
 a meeting of the General Court, to give their advice as to 
 an expedition against the Rappahannock Indians, and in 
 February, 1645, the Assembly authorized the erection of a 
 fort, at Pamunkey, to be called Fort Royal ; one at Falls of 
 James River to be named Fort Charles ; and a third on the 
 ridge of Chickahominy to be known as Fort James. Ar- 
 rangements were made to send sixty men, and a piece of 
 ordinance to each post, and supplies for three months, and 
 in April, Captain Fleet was sent "to trade with the Rap- 
 pahannocks, or any Indians not in amity with Opechanca- 
 nough " to obtain the necessary corn. 
 
 While these preparations were being made, in February, 
 1645, Richard Ingle in the ship "Reformation " with a com- 
 mission from Parliament appeared again before Saint Mary, 
 Maryland, aided in an uprising in favor of Parliament, car- 
 ried the zealous Jesuits Andrew White and Philip Fisher, 
 prisoners to England, and compelled Governor Calvert to 
 flee to Virginia. The action of the Virginia Assembly in 
 
 1 Menefie was now the leading merchant. On April 19, 1638, he entered 3000 
 acres of land on account of 60 transport, of whom 33 were, as he asserts, " negroes, 
 tlr ought out of England." 
 
188 VIE G INI A GAROLORUM. 
 
 March, 1G45-6, showed that some in that colony, were 
 friendly to those opposed to Lord Baltimore. The following 
 appears among the transactions of the session: "whereas 
 Lieutenant Nicholas Stillwell and others of the colony, 
 have secretly conveyed themselves to Maryland or Kent, 
 and divers others engaged" to follow, if timely prevention is 
 not had therein. Be it therefore enacted that Oapt. Thos. 
 Willoughby, Esq., and Capt. Edward Hill be hereby autho- 
 rized to go to Maryland, or Kent, to demand, the return of 
 such persons, who are already departed from the colony." 
 Hill had been speaker of the Assembly in 1644, and after he 
 arrived in Maryland was commissioned as Governor and in 
 January, 1646, called an Assembly whose members, with 
 two or three exceptions, were unfriendly to Lord Balti- 
 more\ In December, Governor Calvert returned from 
 Virginia with an armed force, and took Hill, and the Assem- 
 bly then in session, prisoners. Claiborne who had occupied 
 Kent Island then returned to Virginia. 
 
 It was not until the 7th of June, 1645, that Governor 
 Berkeley returned from his visit to England, and nine days 
 after, at a meeting of the Council, at Jamestown, a letter 
 was read from Margaret Worleigh, a prisoner in the hands 
 of the great chief Opechancanough, in which, she men- 
 tioned that he desired a redemption of captives and a 
 treaty of peace. It was agreed that there should be an 
 armistice and that Margaret Worleigh should be informed 
 that the Governor would soon come to Rickahock, or Fort 
 Eoyal, on the Pamunkey River, and would be pleased there 
 
 'Lord Baltimore in a letter of 1649, mentions that "with the exception of 
 two or three, of the rebelled party " were the members of the Assembly, 
 
VIEGINIA CAEOZORUM. 189 
 
 to confer with twelve of the chief's principal men. Captain 
 Henry Fleet w;is engaged as interpreter, to meet the Governor 
 at his estate, the Middle Plantation, not far from James- 
 town. The conference does not appear to have taken place, 
 for the legislature of March, 1645-6, authorized the erection 
 of Fort Henry at the Falls of Appommatox, and Lieut. 
 Francis Poythers was empowered to raise sixty men, and 
 act under the advice of Captain Henry Fleet. Fleet had 
 been instructed to gather, by the 20th of April, at Kiquotan, 
 now Hampton, boats, provisions for six weeks, three hun- 
 dred pounds of powder, twelve hundred of shot and bullets, 
 and a company of sixty men. It was understood that if 
 Fleet did not conquer, a peace with Opochancanough and 
 his allies, that the Colony would not pay for the supplies. 
 
 The first legislature,' after Berkeley's return, convened on 
 November 20, 1645, and some changes were made in the 
 method of raising revenue, for the support of the Colony. 
 Hitherto, the expenses of government had been met by a 
 
 ' BUBGESSES OP THJ5 ASSBMBI,Y, CONVENED NOV. 20, 1645. 
 
 James Ciiy Go. 
 
 John Flood. Ambrose Harmer. 
 
 Waltei Chiles. Tho's Wame. 
 
 Thomas Swan. Peter Ridley. 
 
 Robert Wethrall. George Stevens. 
 
 York County. 
 Canfa^pher Oaulthrope. Arthur Price. 
 
 RowKnd Burnham 
 
 Me of Wight Co. 
 Capt. John Upton. John Seward, 
 
 George Hardin. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 Cornelius Lloyd, X'pber Burrows. 
 
190 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 general poll tax which proved "insupportable for the 
 poorer sorte," and it was now ordered that each owner of 
 one hundred acres of land should annually pay four pounds 
 of tobacco; each three years old cow and breeding sheep 
 was taxed three pounds of tobacco, each horse, mare or 
 gelding, thirty-two pounds, each goat, two pounds, and 
 every tithable person twenty pounds of tobacco. It was 
 also enacted that not more than thirty pounds of tobacco 
 should be charged for a gallon of "Canary, Malaga, Sherry, 
 Muskadine and AUegant" wines, nor more than twenty 
 pounds for " Maderea, and Fyall," nor more than forty, for 
 "Aqua Vitas or Brandy," nor more than eighty pounds 
 for "English Strong Waters," and that "no merchant 
 of Jamestown whatsoever shall retayle wine or strong 
 
 Elizabeth Gity County. 
 Capt. Leonard Yeo. John Chandler. 
 
 Warmek County. 
 
 Capt. Tho's Bernard. Randall Crew. 
 
 John Walker. 
 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Edmund Scarborough. Tho's Johnson. 
 
 Upper Norfolk Co. 
 Philip Bennett. Richard Wells. 
 
 Edward Major. 
 
 Charles City Go. 
 
 Capt. Francis Eps. William Barker. 
 
 Capt. Edward Hill. Charles Sparrow. 
 
 Edward Prince. Anthony Wyatt. 
 Kice Hoe. 
 
 Henrico County. Abraham Wood. 
 
 Northumberland Co. John Matrum. 
 
VIRGINIA GAMOLOBXTM. IQI 
 
 waters," and that tavern keepers, shall not charge above 
 the established price. 
 
 As many troublesome suits had been multiplied by the 
 uiiskillfulness and covetousness of attorneys for their own 
 profit, "and inordinate lucre " rather than "the good and 
 benefit of their clients," it was ordered that " all mercenary 
 attorneys, be wholly expelled from such office," except in 
 those cases which had already been commenced. 
 
 Excessive doctors' fees had led planters to allow their ser- 
 vants to die, rather than to " fall into the hands, of griping 
 and avaricious men," and it was also provided, that a phy- 
 sician, or chirurgeon, could be brought before the court and 
 be made to testify as to the value of his drugs, and medi- 
 cines, when complaint had been made of his exorbitant bill. 
 
 The Assembly was prorogued by the Governor to the first 
 of March, 1645-6, and on the 17th, the House of Burgesses 
 transmitted the following, which showed that they now 
 acknowledged Parliament : " We desire to thank the House 
 of Commons for all its favours, but especially for informing 
 us by letter of the 18th of October, 1644:, that all sequestra- 
 tions upon the goods of planters and others of Virginia was 
 taken off ; in return the merchants of London have enjoyed 
 trade with the Colony, and free admission to her courts of 
 Justice. 
 
 "The savage King, who contrived the massacre of our 
 people, is so abandoned by his people, and they so routed 
 and dispersed, that they are no longer a nation, and we 
 now suffer only from robbery by a few starved outlaws 
 
192 VIRGINIA CAROLORVM. 
 
 whom by God's assistance, we doubt not to root out in 
 another year. 
 
 " We send this by Mr. Henry Bishop*, who formerly served 
 the King, in these unhappy wars in England, but is now a 
 member of our Colony, and actually engaged by plantation, 
 and servants upon the place. His lands are in sequestra- 
 tion and we humbly pray that the sequestration may be 
 taken off, that he may be enabled to strengthen his planta- 
 tion with people, and supply those already seated there." 
 
 At this session measui'es were adopted for a vigorous pro- 
 secution of the war against the Indians, and for the defence 
 of the inhabitants south of James River, and to prevent the 
 savages from "fishing in the Bristoll or Appomattocke 
 Eiver," and from cutting down their corn, and other ser- 
 vices against them, forty -five soldiers were ordered to be 
 raised from Bass's Choice, and the country upward, and a 
 
 ' Henry Bishop of Henfield, Sussex, entered on Octolier 30, 1640, in Lower 
 Cliipoak, south side of James River, 1200 acres, but he did not return to Vir- 
 ginia. Charles the Second on August 14, 1680, commissioned him for seven 
 years as Postmaster General of England. Hi.s enemies complained that during the 
 days of the Commonweallh he had been accustomed to meet Major John Wild- 
 man, Praise God Barebones, and other Republicans, at the Commonwealth 
 Club House in Bow Street, Covent Garleu, aud that he also employed dis- 
 affected persons in the Post Office. In consequence of those charges he was 
 oblifred in March, 1663, to surrender his commission, and Daniel O'Nfale who 
 had been groom of the King's bed-chamber, was his successor. O'Neale died in 
 1664, but his wife the Countess of Chesterfield continued to carry out the postal 
 contracts. Her maiden name was Katherino Wooton, and her first husband 
 was Henry, Lord Stanhope. As his widow she was the governess in Holland of 
 the Princess Mary, the sister of Charles the Second. Her second husband was 
 John Poliander Kirckhoven of Holland. 
 
 Charles the Second created her Countess of Chesterfield on June 5, 1660, for 
 services to his sister. Her third husband wasO'Neale groom of the King's bed- 
 chamber. She died April 9, 1667, and was buried at Becton, Malherbe, Kent. 
 
 O'Neale's successor as Postmaster General was Henry, Lord Arlington. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 193 
 
 fort erected at the Falls of the Appomattox, The campaign 
 of the summer of 1646, was successful. The writer of the 
 " Description of New Albion" alludes to the ' Indian war 
 ended, first, by the valour, courage, and hot charge of Cap- 
 tain Marshall, and valiant Stillwell, and finished by the per- 
 sonal and resolute march and victory of Sir William Berkeley, 
 Governor there, taking the old King Ope Ohankino prisoner." 
 On an early map* between the Falls of Appomattox and the 
 James Eiver is this sentence, ' ' Hereabout Sir Will. Barkley 
 conquered and took prisoner the great Indian Emperour, 
 Abatschakia, after the massacre in Virginia." 
 
 At the Assembly^ held in October of that year, Mcto- 
 vrance the new chief, made a treaty'of peace by which the 
 
 » Heerman's. 
 
 » Assembly held October, 1646. 
 Councillors present Capt. .Tolin West, Secretary Ricliard Kemp, Capt. Wil- 
 liam Brocas, Capt. Tho's Pettus, Capt. Thomas Willoughby, Capt. W. Bernard, 
 Capt. Henry Browne, Mr. Kichard Bennett, George Ludlowe. 
 
 Burgesses. 
 James City Co. 
 
 Ambrose Harmer Speaker, 
 
 Walter Chiles. 
 
 Capt. Rob't Shepheard. 
 
 George Jordon. 
 Thomas Lovinge. 
 Wm. Barrett. 
 
 Henrico Co. 
 
 Capt. Ab. Wood. 
 
 William Cocke. 
 
 
 Glmrles City Co. 
 
 Rice Hoe. 
 
 Dan Llnellen. 
 
 
 Isle of WigJa Co. 
 
 Mr. Fawdowne. 
 
 James Bagnall. 
 
 
 Elizabeth City Go. 
 
 John Robins, 
 
 26 
 
 Henry Ball. 
 
194 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 Indians agreed to abandon the land below the Falls of the 
 James, and those of Pamunkey, and confine their hunting 
 to the region between the York and Eappahannock Eivers . 
 
 Fort Henry, on the Appomattox, with six hundred acres 
 of land was granted to Capt. Abraham. Wood, on condition 
 that he would keep there, ten men, for three years, each 
 person, to be exempted from taxation ; Fort James on the 
 Chickahominy was granted to Lieut. Thomas Eolfe' with 
 
 Tork (Jaunty. 
 
 Hugh . Wm. Luddington. 
 
 Warwick Go. 
 
 Tho's Taylor. John Walker. 
 
 Randall Crew. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Go. 
 
 Edward Lloyd. Robert Eyres. 
 
 ^ Tho's Mears. 
 
 Norihampton Go. 
 Edward Douglas. Tho's Johnson. 
 
 Nantemond Go. 
 Edward Major. Sam. Stoughton. 
 
 'In " Virginia Vestusta " it was mentioned that Capt. John Rolfe's last wife 
 was Jane, daughter of Capt. William Peirce of Jamestown, aud that John Rolfe 
 ■made a will dated March 10, 1631-3, in which he speaks of Thomas and Eliza- 
 beth " two small children of tender age," and it was assumed that Thomas " of 
 tender age," was the son of Jane Peirce. Some have taken exception to this 
 position, and think that the Thomas of the will, was the son by Powhatan's 
 daughter. 
 
 Thomas Rolfe the son of John had a daughter Jane, which was also the name 
 of his father's last white wife. At Scultliorpe Rectory, Norfolk, England, 
 there is a portrait of a wife of Capt. John Rolfe with a lad by her side. Her 
 hair is parted in the middle, without ornaments, and her dress is that of a civi- 
 lized woman. 
 
 In " Virginia Vetusta," Munsell's Sons, Albany, 1885, page 141, Rolfe's 
 daughter Elizabeth, is erroneously called Jane ; and in "Virginia Company of 
 London," Joel Munsell, Albany, page 91, there is a misleading typographical 
 
VIJRGINIA GAROLOMUM. 195 
 
 four hundred acres, provided he held it, for the same time 
 with six men ; Fort Eoyal or Eickahock on the Pamunkey, 
 ■with six hundred acres was given to Oapt. Roger Marshall, 
 on condition he held it with ten men. 
 
 While Daniel Grookin removed from Nansemond, after 
 the non -conformist ministers were silenced, quite a congre- 
 gation in that region maintained services without the Book 
 of Common Prayer. Thomas Harrison, a minister who had 
 been a friend of Governor Berkeley and approved of the act 
 which had been passed requiring services to be held accord- 
 ing to the canons of the church of England, after the Indian 
 massacre repented of the course he had pursued, and went 
 and preached to the Nansemond people, and avowed his sym- 
 pathy with Puritanism. 
 
 It is worthy of notice that Patrick Copland,* also written 
 Copeland the friend of the Ferrars, projector of the first 
 
 error. Quoting from Hamor are these words, " two of Tier sons to see the mar- 
 riage," the her should have been printed hia, referring to Powhatan. 
 
 The following grants of land to Thomas Rolfe are on record : 
 August 8th, 1653, 535 acres north side of Chickahominy River called Port 
 James. 
 April 25, 1656, 325 acres in James City County. 
 Sept, 26, 1658, 50 acres, an angle in Chickahominy River. 
 Sept. 25, 1663, 750 acres 8. W. side of Paspetank River. 
 
 ' In 1614, Copland was chaplain of one of the ships of the East India Com- 
 pany, and in 1616, returned to England with an Bast Indian lad whom he had 
 taught to read and write At his suggestion, on Deo. 22d, 1616, the youth was 
 publicly baptized in St. Dionis church, London, " as the first fruits of India." 
 
 In 1617, Copland returned to the Indian Ocean in the " Royal James," and on 
 the 2d of December, 1618, preached to the commanders of the English Fleet, the 
 Admiral of whom was Sir Thomas Dale, formerly Governor of Virginia. Leav- 
 ing Java in February, 1631, the " Royal James," begun the return voyage to 
 England, and near Cape Good Hope, Copland collected £70 for the good of 
 
196 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 English free school in North America, a building for which 
 was commenced, at Charles City, and also in 1621, Presi- 
 dent elect of the College at Henrico, should at the Bermu- 
 das, on January 31, l()43-4, have left the church of England, 
 and joined an Independent, non-hturgical body. A peti- 
 
 Virgiuia. Oil the 18t)i of April, 1633, lie preached before the Virginia Com- 
 pany a thanksgiving sermon, and in it he speaks of "This noble Plantation 
 tending so idghly to the advancement of the Gospel, and to the honoringjof our 
 dread Sovereign, by enlarging of liis kingdoms, and adding a fifth crown into his 
 other four : for ' En dat Virginia quintam,' is the motto of the legal seal of 
 Virginia." 
 
 In the Mask of Flowers played by gentleman of Grays' Inn upon Twelfth 
 Night 1613-14, Kawasha, a God of the Virginians appears, and says : 
 
 " But now is Britannie fit to be 
 A seat for a fifth Monarchie." 
 
 On the 34th of October, 1631, the London Company, after conferring with Cop- 
 land, determined to use the money raised on board the "Royal James'' to the 
 building of a free school in Virginia, at Charles City, and in March, lb33, a Mr. 
 DiKe or Dilke was selected as teacher. Richard Downes, bred a scholar, went 
 over about 1619, in search of work at the Indian college in Henrico, as rector of 
 which, in July, 1633, Copland was appointed, but owing to the Indian troubles 
 and other difficulties, did not go to Vii'ginia. 
 
 In June, 1683, Leonard Hudson, a carpenter, with wife and ftve apprentices left 
 England to build the Bast Indian school at Charles city. In December, 1633, a 
 collection was made for this school by the East India company both on shore, 
 and on board their ships in port. This was not immediately called for, and on 
 October 30, 1634, Sir John Wolstenholme moved that the Council of Virginia 
 should receive the moneys collected. A Mr. Caroloff was sent over to look after 
 the school, of whom the Governor and Council of Virginia, wrote under date of 
 June 15, 1635. " Wo should be ready with our utm )St endeavours to assist the 
 pious work of the East India free school, but we must not dissemble that be. 
 sides the unseasonable arrival, we thought the acts of Mr. Caroloft' will over- 
 balance all his other sufficiency though exceeding good." 
 
 Copland was induced to leave London in 1635, as a minister for Bermudas at 
 a salary of 100 marks, and to have "a fi'ec school erected for the bringing up of 
 youth in literature and good learning." He was accompanied by his wife 
 and daughter. On the 20th of November, 1636, at a meeting of Bermudas 
 Council was urged the support of the free school. The Governor who did not like 
 free schools wrote to London that Copland had purchased land, and ejected a, 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 197 
 
 tion from this body, received the favorable consideration of 
 the House of Commons in October, 1646, and on the ith of 
 the next November, Lord Admiral, the Earl of Warwick, 
 with the Commissioners for Plantations, issued a proclama- 
 tion ordering the petitioners "and all others in that part of 
 the world" freedom of worship without ' ' trouble and moles- 
 tation," with permission to remove "their goods to any- 
 other part of America." In 1646, Governor Sayle of Ber- 
 mudas, one of Copland's associates, on his way to England, 
 in the interest of the free church, visited the non-confor- 
 mists of Virginia, and proposed that they should unite with 
 the movement to form a free church on the isle of the sea. 
 Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts when he heard of this 
 project seems to have written in disapproval, to which Har- 
 rison writing from Elizabeth river November 2d, 1646, replies 
 " Had your propositions found us risen up, and in a posture 
 of removal, there is weight and worth, and force enough in 
 them to have staked us down again, but the good hand of 
 the Lord hath put the same care and consideration into the 
 hearts of some amongst us, and since you have permitted 
 and encouraged us, to give an account of our matters we 
 
 building, and liad " a project to train up children to be preachers, to send 
 abroad to convert the Indians, and adds " I wish we had ministers contented to 
 preach the gospel, and let this Free School alone, until we are free from debt." 
 In 1634, Copland is spoken of, as having purchased four acres of land, on which 
 he had built, and disbursed £1000 sterling. " Father Copland " as he was now 
 called, on December 4, 1639, wrote to Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts, rela- 
 tive to the training of Indian children, and asks that he will send to him an 
 Indian boy and a girl to be educated, whose passage he will pay. 
 
 Early in 1644, Copland left the Church of England. In 1647, he was im- 
 prisoned as a non-conformist, and was then a widower. In 1649, he went with 
 an independent church to Eleutliera Isle, and was then about eighty years old. 
 Before 165S, he was dead. 
 
198 VIRGINIA CAMOLOBUM. 
 
 shall be bold to do it, when the mind of the Lord shall be 
 made out unto us, and to seek, and take directions, (if you 
 please commands), from you, for such shall all your advices 
 be unto us, which are dictated, and breathed from so much 
 goodness, sweetness, affection, experience, prudence, piety." 
 
 This letter was borne to Boston in the vessel of Captain 
 Edward Gibbons, whom Scottow calls " the younger brother 
 of, the house of an honourable extraction " and the same 
 person to whom Lord Baltimore, in 1660, tendered a com- 
 mission as Councillor and Admiral of the Province of Mary- 
 land. 
 
 Governor Berkeley called an Assembly' which on the 3d 
 of November, 16i7, convened and took notice of the non- 
 
 ' Members op Assembly November 3, 1647, 
 
 Councillors present, John West, Richard Kempe, William Brocas, Thomas 
 Fetters, William Bernard, Henry Browne, George Ludlowe. 
 
 Burgesses. 
 
 James City Go. 
 
 Capt. E. Hutchinson. George Jordan. 
 
 Capt. Bridges Freeman. William Davis. 
 
 Capt, Robert Shepheard. Peter Ridley. 
 
 Charles City Co. 
 
 Capt. Edward Hill. Capt. Francis Poythers. 
 
 Elizabeth City Oo. 
 
 Anthony Elliot. Henry Poole. 
 
 John Chandler. 
 
 York County. 
 
 Richard Lee. Francis Morgan. 
 
 Capt. W. Tayler. 
 
 Upper Norfolk Co. 
 
 Moore Pantleroy. Richard Wells. 
 
 Sam. Stoughton. 
 
VIBGINIA CAROLORUM. 199 
 
 conformists by the passage of the following : ' ' Vpon divers 
 informations presented to the Assembly against severall 
 ministers for their neglect and refractory refusing, after 
 warning given them tp read common prayer, or divine ser- 
 vice vpon the Sabbath days, contrary to the canons of the 
 church, and acts of Parliament therein established, for 
 future remedie thereof ; Be it enacted, by the Governour, 
 Council and Burgesses of this Grand Assembly that all 
 ministers in the several cures throughout the colony doe 
 duly vpon every Sabboth day read such prayers as are ap- 
 pointed and prescribed vnto them by the said booke of com- 
 mon prayer ; And be it further enacted as a penaltie to 
 such as have neglected, or shall neglect their duty herein,- 
 That no parishioner shall be compelled either by distresse, 
 or otherwise to pay any manner of tythes or duties to any 
 unconformist as aforesaid. " 
 
 Supported by the House of Commons, and the Earl of 
 Warwick, Harrison continued to worship according to the 
 liberty permitted by Parliament, and in February, 1648, 
 
 Warwick County. 
 Capt. Tho's Flint. Randall Crew. 
 
 Ide of Wight Co. 
 Capt. John Upton. John George. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Lt. John Sidney. Cornelins Lloyd. 
 
 Henry Woodhouse. Thos. Meares. 
 
 Northampton Co. 
 Edmund Scarborough. Stephen Charlton. 
 
 Northumberland Co. William Presley. 
 
 Henrico County. Capt. ThoB. Harris. 
 
200 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 wrote from Nansemond, to Governor Winthrop : "That 
 golden apple, the ordinance of toleration is now fairly fallen 
 into the lap of the saints, no more compelling men to go to 
 the parish churches, or to sacrifice the abomination of their 
 souls, or to offer up the sacrifice of fools ; and yet all such as 
 preach, print, or practice any thing, contrary to the known 
 fundamentals of religion, the peace of the State, or power 
 of godliness, are excluded from the sweetness of this indul- 
 gence. Concerning ourselves we have received letters full of 
 of life, and love, from the Earl of Warwick, who engageth 
 himself to the uttermost to advance the things of peace and 
 welfare, and the Prince of Peace himself hath hitherto been 
 so tender to us, that He hath not suffered any opposition 
 yet to fall amongst us, a matter of no small admiration, 
 considering where we dwell, even where Satan's throne is. 
 Seventy-four have joined here in fellowship, and nineteen 
 stand propounded, and many more, of great hopes and ex- 
 pectations." 
 
 In February, 1648, he again writes to Winthrop and gives 
 much information of the state of parties in England, and 
 mentions "that part of this news, I had from the mouth of 
 an old Jesuit who wanted neither information to know the 
 truth, nor malice to misreport and misrepresent." 
 
 About this time Philip Fisher,' a Jesuit who had been 
 taken prisoner with Andrew White, by Ingle and carried to 
 
 ' Fisher was born in Madrid, Spain, in 1595-6, entered the Jesuit order 
 1616-17, and in 1636 was superior of Maryland Mission ; with Andrew White he 
 was taken prisoner in 1645, by Ingle, and brought to England. After being 
 confined some time in Newgate Prison, by the influence of Secretary Winde- 
 bank he was released. He died in 1653. His letter in 1648, to Carrara, Qeueral 
 of the Jesuits, is in Foley's Beeorda of English Jesuits. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORTIM. 201 
 
 Ungland, returned to Maryland, by way of Virginia, and is 
 probably the person to whom Harrison refers. 
 
 A letter of Fisher has been preserved, dated March 1, 
 16i8, in which he writes : "At length my companion and 
 myself reached Virginia in the month o£ January, after a 
 terrible journey of seven weeks. There I left my compan- 
 ion, and awaited myself the opportunity of proceeding to 
 Maryland where I arrived in the month of February. * * * 
 A road, by land, through the forest has just been opened 
 from Maryland to Virginia. This will make it but a two 
 days journey, and both countries can be united in one mis- 
 sion. After Easter, I shall wait upon the Governor of 
 Virginia on important business . 
 
 In 1648, arrangements were completed by which the Vir- 
 ginia non-conformists removed to the shores of Chesapeake 
 Bay, in sight of where i.-i now the capitol of Maryland. 
 Captain William Stone Ol Hungar's Neck, on the Eastern 
 shore of the Chesapeake Bay i a Virginia, a nephew of Thomas 
 Stone, a haberdasher of Tjondon, a Protestant in faith and 
 in sympathy with Parliament, was the agent who carried on 
 the negotiations relative to removal, and was in August, 
 1648, commissioned Grovernor of Maryland. 
 
 One of the first to arrive in Maryland was William 
 Durand' of Upper Norfolk. Richard Bennett also went to 
 Maryland and remained for a short time. 
 
 ' William Durand had listened to John Davenport, the first minister at New 
 Haven, Ct., when he was the Vicar of St. Stephens, London. He brought with 
 him late in 1648 or early in 1649, to Maryland his wife, daughter, four children, 
 two freemen, Pell and Archer, and servants Thomas Marsh, Margaret Marsh, 
 "William Warren, William Hogg, and Ann Coles. In 1652, he was one of the 
 Commissioners who -made treaty with the Susquehannas at the Severn River, 
 26 
 
202 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 Harrison visited Boston, in October, 1648, and awaited 
 there the action of the House of Commons in England, on 
 Berkeley's conduct toward the Nansemond congregation. 
 Before the close of the year he married Dorothy, a daughter 
 of Deputy Governor Samuel Symonds, who came from 
 Yeldham, Essex. Mrs. Lucy Downing, sister of Gov. Win- 
 throp of Massachusetts, under date of Dec. 12, 1648, wrote 
 to her nephew John Winthrop of Connecticut : " You hear, 
 I believe, our cousin Dorothy Simonds is now won and 
 wedded to Mr. Harrison,' the Virginia Minister." 
 
 Rev. Dr. Warwick, in a discourse delivered in Dublin, 
 Ireland, April 17, 1862, said, " The history of Dr. Harrison is 
 rather remarkable. He was born in Yorkshire near Hull. 
 WhUe a child his parents removed to America." Perhaps 
 
 h 
 
 Benjamin Harrison clerk of the Council, in 1834, was his 
 father. 
 
 After remaining about two years in, or near Boston, 
 Harrison went to England and never returned to America. 
 Governor Winthrop under date of 8 mo, 20 day, 1648 (0. S.) 
 alludes to the visit in these words : "In the time of our 
 General Court heare arrived from Virginia, one Mr. Hary- 
 son, pastor of the Church at Nansemond there, and reported 
 that the church was grown to one hundred and eighteen 
 persons, and many more looking toward it, which had 
 stirred up the Governor there, Sir William Berkeley, to make 
 
 now Annapolis. In October, 1651, he obtained a grant of land, at the Cliffs of 
 Calvert county. In 1654, he was Secretary of the Province, and in 1667, he 
 united with the Quakers. It is said he went to North Carolina. 
 
 'On the 21st day, 3d month, 1648 (0. S.) the wife of Edward Harrison, of 
 Virginia, in Boston, gave birth to a son named John. On the 28th day, 8th 
 month, 1640,(0. 8.) died Elizabeth, a daughter aged about 7 days, of Thomas 
 Harrison, pastor of the church at Virginia. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 203 
 
 persecution against them, and he had banished their elder 
 Mr. Duraud and himself (viz. Mr, Haryson) was to depart 
 the country by the third ship, at furthest, which had caused 
 him to come to take advice of the magistrates and elders." 
 
 Harrison mentioned how Capt. Sayle of Bermudas and 
 associates had obtained a permit from Parliament to settle 
 on one of the Bahamas, and that under the charter he had 
 liberty of worship, and also an entire separation of church 
 and state, and that Sayle, wished the Virginians to cast in 
 their lot with him. They were advised by Winthrop not 
 to go to the lonely isle of the sea, and to remain if possible 
 where they were. 
 
 A public market twice a week was established at James- 
 town, in 1649, and the space allotted to it, was from the 
 sandy hollow on the westward, by Peter Knight's store, 
 extending eastward, to the house of Launcelott Elay, and 
 the north side bounded by the Back river. ^ ^ The population 
 of the colony was about fifteen thousand persons, including 
 three hundred negroes. While there were only two hun- 
 dred horses, and mares, and fifty asses, owned by these 
 
 ' Jamestown was first built on the west end of a peninsula of about two 
 thousand acres. In 1611, it had " two rows of houses of framed timber, and some 
 of them two stories and a garret high, and three large store-houses joined 
 together in length," In 1616, as described by Rolfe, it had a population of fifty 
 men under the command of Lt. Sharpe, in the absence of Captain Francis 
 West. In 1619, Governor Yeardley found only the rude houses built in Sir 
 Thomas Gates' time, and a church wholly of timber, fifty feet in length and 
 twenty feet in breadth. 
 
 Before 1623, what was called the New Town, was connected by a bridge over 
 the marsh and here resided Stephens, Yeardjey and others. It is now under 
 water. The first brick church was begun in 1639, and its foundations are visible, 
 the second brick church whose ruined tower is now visible was built at a 
 later period. The bricks used at Jamestown were made there. 
 
204 VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 
 
 planters, there were over twenty thousand bulls, cows^ 
 calves, and five thousand goats, and three thousand sheep. 
 Beef was sold at two and a half pence a pound, and pork 
 at three pence. They had six public breweries while many 
 brewed their beer at home. As yet there was no saw mill 
 for boards, but five water mills, and four wind mills, to 
 grind corn. 
 
 Most of the masters of ships like Page and Thomas Stegg, 
 had their horses, servants, and plantations in the colony, and 
 carried to England, timber for masts, and building, as well 
 as tobacco in their vessels. Bricks were also made in 
 abundance, and there is no evidence that it was customary 
 to import bricks for building purposes. During the first 
 week of January, 1649, there were trading on James Eiver, 
 seven vessels from New England, seven from London, two 
 from Bristol, and twelve Hollanders. 
 
 Governor Berkeley now lived at Green Spring two miles 
 north of Jamestown, in a house of brick, made in the neigh- 
 borhood, with a spacious hall way, and six rooms, and had 
 set out an orchard of fifteen hundred trees, consisting of 
 peaches, apricots, quinces and other kinds. 
 
 Richard Bennett in 1648, had raised many apples and 
 made twenty butts of cider. Captain Bro^s of the Council, 
 a great traveler, had an excellent vineyard, and had made 
 some wine, Richard Kinsman made out of his pear orchard 
 forty or fifty butts of perry. A writer of the period refers to 
 "worthy Captain Mathews, an old planter of above thirty 
 years standing, one of the council, and a most deserving 
 Commonwealth man * * * * He hath a fine house, and 
 all things answerable to it ; he sows yearly store of hemp 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOMUM. 205 
 
 and flax and causes it to be spun ; he keeps weavers and 
 hath a tan house, causes leather to be dressed, hath eight 
 ahoe-makers in their trade, hath forty negroe servants, 
 brings them up to trade, in his house; he yearly sows abund- 
 ance of wheat, barley, etc., the wheat he selleth at four 
 shillings the bushel, kills store of beeves, and sells them to 
 victual the ships when they come thither ; hath abundance 
 of kine, a brave dairy, swine great store, and poultry : he 
 married the daughter of Sir Thomas Hintoti; and in a word 
 keeps a good house, lives bravely, and a true lover of Vir- 
 ginia, he is worthy of much honor." 
 
 When, in 1649, news came that Charles the First, his 
 brother's friend, and one whom he had personally known, 
 had been beheaded by order of Parliament, Governor Ber- 
 keley was grieved, and indignant, and although Stegg, 
 Bennett, Claiborne, Mathews, and the most enterprising 
 men were his political opponents, -he called an Assembly' 
 
 ' AssBMBLY OP October, 1644. 
 
 James City County. 
 
 Walter Chiles. Geo. Read. 
 
 Thomas Swan. Wm. Whittaker. 
 
 Wm. Barrett. John Dunston. 
 
 Henrico County.^ Wm. Hatcher. 
 
 Charles City County. 
 Capt. Edward Hill. Cha's Sparrow. 
 
 Wawick County. 
 Capt. Tho's Harwood, Speaker, John Walker. 
 
 Me of Wight County. 
 Oeorge Hardy. Robert Pitt. 
 
206 VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 
 
 which met on the 10th of October, and as the Burgesses 
 were his friends, or indifferent whether the King, or House 
 of Commons ruled in England, his sentiments were ex- 
 pressed by them, in a long, and vehement declaration. ' 
 
 But at the very time that Berkeley had action taken in 
 Virginia that would gratify the widow of the King and the 
 Eoyalists, on October 11, 1649, the Council of State in Eng- 
 land, wrote to the Governor that they were informed, by 
 petition of the congregation of Nansemond, that their minis- 
 ter Mr. Harrison, an able man, of unblamable conversation, 
 had been banished the Colony, because he would not con- 
 form to the use of the Common Prayer Book, and as he 
 could not be ignorant, that the use of it was prohibited by 
 Parliament, he was directed to allow Mr. Harrison to return 
 to his ministry ; " but as has been mentioned he went to 
 England and occupied positions of importance. 
 
 Six months before Harrison came to Boston, arrived Sir 
 Edmund Plowden, Kt. , who is thus noticed by Winthrop : 
 " Arrived one Sir Edmund Plowden, who had been in Vir- 
 
 Nansemond (My Co. 
 John Carter. Toby Smith. 
 
 Mizabeth City Oo. 
 Lt. Wm. Worlich. John Robins. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 Bartli. Hoskins. Thos. Lambert. 
 
 York County. 
 Capt. Ralph Worraeley. Rowland Bumham. 
 
 Northumberland Co. 
 Capt. Fr. Poythers. Jo. TruBsell. 
 
ViRGIiriA CAROLORUM. 207 
 
 ginia about seven years. He came first with a patent of a 
 County Palatine for Delaware Baye, but wanting a pilot for 
 that place went to Virginia, and then having lost his estate 
 he brought over, and all his people scattered from him, he 
 came hither to return to England for supply, intending to 
 return and plant Delaware, if he could get sufficient strength 
 to disposess the Swedes," but he never returned.' 
 
 About the fifteenth day of September, 1649, the "Virginia 
 Merchant," Capt. John Locker, a ship of three hundred 
 tons burden, sailed for Jamestown with many passengers. 
 Among those who engaged passage were Colonel Norwood 
 a relative of Governor Berkeley, Major Francis Morison 
 sympathizers with the King, and Major Stevens^ who had 
 served under Waller in the Parliament Army when it be- 
 sieged Exeter, held by Sir John Berkeley, the Governor's 
 
 ' In December, 1648, he had published A Description of the Province oj New 
 Albion. In 1651, he had chambers in Loudon, and on the 29th of July, 1635, 
 he made hia will, dated at Wanetead, which on the 22d of July, 1659 was proved. 
 He requested to be buried in Lidbury church, in Sliropshire, in the chapel of the 
 Plowdena. 
 
 = Major William Stevens probably for some time remained in Accomac, 
 where Yeardley and others held his political sentiments, and perhaps the 
 same person who in March, 1651, declared hia fealty to the "commonwealth 
 of England as it is nowe established without King or House of Lords." He 
 may have been the one who settled near the region, where he was cast away, in 
 1650, and thus became a citizen of Mi,ryland. In the records of Somerset 
 county, Md., is the following : " Richard Stevens, brother to William Stevens of 
 Somerset County, in ye Province of Maryland, was youngest son of John Stevens 
 of Lehourn in ye Parish of Buckingham in England, died at the house of his 
 brother William aforesaid, ye 22d day of April, 1667, and was buried at his 
 plantation called Kehoboth in ye county and province^aforegald, in America, ye 
 25th day of April." 
 
 In 1679, Col. William Stevens entered a tract of two thousand acres on 
 the shores of the upper part of Assateague Bay near, where, in 1650 the " Vir- 
 ginia Merchant's " passengers landed in distress. 
 
208 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 brother. Driven by a storm the ship found itself on the 
 12th of January, 1650, among the islands of Assateague Bay 
 on the Atlantic coast of Maryland. Upon one of these. 
 Colonel Norwood, Major Morrison, Stephens, Francis Gary 
 and others landed, and after several days, crossed over to the 
 main land and were hospitably treated by the Indians. A 
 white fur trader, Jenkin Price,' arrived, and under his guid- 
 ance, they began their journey to Nathaniel Littleton's plan- 
 tation, the nearest in Accomac. Toward night of the first 
 day they reached a point opposite Chincoteague Island, and at 
 the close of the second day after twenty-five miles of travel, 
 they came to Price's post on the Littleton plantation. From 
 thence they proceeded to the plantation of Stephen Charl- 
 ton, who gave them fresh clothing. Lower down in Ac- 
 comac, now Northampton County, they visited Argall 
 Yeardley, the son of the former Governor, who was born at 
 Jamestown, in 1621, and recently married. Norwood in his 
 Narrative writes: " It fell out very luckily for my better 
 welcome, that he had not long before brought over a wife 
 from Eotterdam that I had known almost from a child. Her 
 father, Custis^ by name kept kept a victualling house in that 
 
 'In October, 1660, the Assembly gave 5000 pounds of tobacco to Jenkin 
 Price for the preservation of certain persons. Price was now poor and evidently 
 this was a gratuity for his kindness to Norwood, now become Treasurer of 
 Virginia. 
 
 = John Custisof Rotterdam, accordingto Meade, was of Irish descent, and was 
 in Northampton county as oarly as 1640. He had six sons, Thomas of Balti- 
 more, Ireland, Edward of London, Robert of Rotterdam, and .Tohn, William, 
 and Joseph, residents of Virginia. The descendants of William are still in 
 Accomac. 
 
 His son was a prominent man and High Sheriff of Northampton in 1664, and 
 in 1676, Major General during Bacon's Rebellion. His estate on the eastern 
 shore was called after Lord Arlington. His second wife was a daughter of Col. 
 
VlRGiJSriA CAROLOitUM. 20& 
 
 town, lived in good repute, and was the general host of our 
 nation there. The Esquire' knowing I had the honour to 
 be the Q-overnor's kinsman, and his wife knowing my con- 
 versation in Holland, I was received, caress'd more like a 
 domestick, and near relation, than a man in misery, and a 
 stranger. I stay'd there for a passage over the Bay, about 
 ten days welcomed and feasted not only by the Esquire and 
 his wife, but by many neighbours that were not too re- 
 mote." 
 
 About the middle of February, Norwood, in a sloop, 
 crossed the Chesapeake Bay and landed at Esquire Ludlow's'' 
 
 Edward Scarborough. General John had but one child, a sou also named John 
 had several children, one of whom was the John whose tombstone has the fol- 
 lowing inscription : 
 
 " Under this new tombstone lies the body 
 
 of the Hon. John Custis Esquire 
 
 of the city of Williamsburg 
 
 and Parish of BrutOB 
 
 Formerly of Huugars Parish on the 
 
 Eastern Shore 
 
 of Virginia, and county of Northampton 
 
 Aged 71 years and yet lived but seven years 
 
 which was the space of time he kept 
 
 A Bachelor's home at Arlington 
 on the Eastern Shore of Virginia '' 
 
 On the opposite side is " The inscription put on this tomb was by his own pos- 
 itive orders. 
 
 Wm. Cosier, Man., Fenchurch Street 
 fecit London.'' 
 
 He married in Williamsburgh the daughter of Col. Daniel Parke, and sister 
 of the profligate Col. Daniel Parke, Jr., who was killed when Governor of Lee- 
 ward Islands. His son Daniel Parko Custis married Martha Dandridge, and the 
 widow Martha Custis became the wife of General George Washington. 
 
 ' Teardley's father used to send his tobacco to Rotterdam. 
 George Ludlow, of Massachusetts notoriety, see page 136. 
 27 
 
210 VIRGINIA caholorum. 
 
 plantation, near the entrance of York Eiver. Here learn- 
 ing that Captain Wormeley*, of the Council who lived not a 
 furlong distant, was entertaining some guests who had 
 recently come from England, he crossed the creek and went 
 to the house where he found Sir Thomas Lunsford,' Sir 
 Henry Chicheley, Sir Philip Honey wood, and Colonel Ham- 
 mond. The rest of the winter was passed by Norwood 
 at Green Spring near Jamestown, the plantation of Gover- 
 nor Berkeley. In May he was sent to visit Charles the 
 Second, to solicit for the office of Treasurer of Virginia, then 
 held by William Claiborne, a friend of Parliament, and a 
 brother of his fellow traveler Francis Morison, was placed in 
 command of the Fort at Point Comfort. Norwood found 
 that Charles the Second had left Holland and gone to Scot - 
 land, having made a treaty with the Covenanters that he 
 would sustain the Covenant and the church of Scotland.' 
 
 'Ralph Wormeley died before 1669, and his widow Agatha, married Sir 
 Henry Chicheley, one of the guests referred to in the text. Wormeley's Creek 
 was well known to the soldiers at the siege of Yorktown in 1781, and also in 
 1863. 
 
 "On August 7, 1649, a pass was issued for Sir Thomas Lunsford, wife, and 
 children, to go to Virginia. Some months later, on condition of taking the en- 
 gagement Sir Henry Chicheley also was permitted to go. Chicheley in later 
 years married Agatha, tlie widow of his entertainer. 
 
 'Henry Norwood, in July, 1661, received the appointment for life as captain 
 of Sandowa Castle, Kent, and the same year was commissioned as Lt. Colonel of 
 Lord Rutherford's regiment, and deputy governor of Dunkirk. In September, 
 1668, he came to England and " kissed tlie King's hand " and began to raise 
 recruits. He is next Colonel of the regiment and at Tangiers, and Capt. 
 Charles Norwood served under him. In a letter dated London Feb. 20, 1665 
 (O.S.) are these words : " Lord Sandwich goes on Wednesday down to Portsmouth 
 to take shipping for Spain. Henry Norwood goes in the ship with Lord Sand- 
 wich, which after the Ambassador's landing, carries him to Tangiers." The 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 211 
 
 About the time of Norwood's visit in June, 1650, the King 
 at Breda, Holland, appointed a new Council for Virginia, evi- 
 dently at Berkeley's suggestion, one of whom was Sir W. 
 Davenant, Kt.,' whom he also appointed Governor of Mary- 
 land, in February, 1649-50, when he was at the Isle of 
 Jersey. The King in Davenant's commission uses this lan- 
 guage. " Whereas the Lord Baltimore, Proprietary of the 
 Province of Maryland, in America, doth visibly adhere to 
 the rebells of England, and admit all kinde of schismaticks 
 and sectaries, and other ill-affected persons, into the said 
 plantations of Maryland, so that we have cause to appre- 
 hend very great prejudice to our service thereby, and very 
 danger to our plantations in Virginia, who have carried 
 themselves with so much loyalty, and fidelity to the King, 
 our father, of blessed memory." The commission em- 
 powered the Governor to see that no danger arose in Mary- 
 land "to our loyall plantations in Virginia." Further 
 requiring him " to hold due correspondence with our trusty 
 and well beloved Sir William Berkeley, Knight, our Gov- 
 ernor of the said plantations of Virginia, and to comply 
 
 Prince of Fez presented him with a horse, a camel, and a young lion. In 1667, 
 he was Lt. Governor of Tangiers. 
 
 In 1675, he came from Holland to London to confer with Lord Culpepper, and 
 the Agents of the Virginia Colony. 
 
 ' Sir Wm. Davenant, Kt. ^vas Sliakspeare's godson, and like his sponsor in 
 baptism, was given to poetry. He never reached the Chesapeake Bay. With 
 the aid of Henrietta Maria, the widow of the beheaded King, he sailed from 
 Normandy, with a company of weavers, and other artisans, but on the voyage 
 was captured and taken to England. Lodged in the Tower of London he there 
 finished his poem, "Gondibert," and at length was released "from durance 
 vile" through the friendly intercession of Secretary John Milton, the great Puri- 
 tan poet. 
 
212 VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 with him m all things necessary for oar service and the 
 mutual good of both plantations." 
 
 Lord Baltimore had been informed of a disposition upon 
 the part of Virginians to take possession of their old trading 
 posts, and in a letter to Governor Stone, dated August 26, 
 1651, wrote: "We understand that Sir William Barkely 
 hath lately taken upon him, to grant a commission to one 
 Edm'd Scarborough of Accamack, in Virginia, to seat 
 Palmer's Island within our Province. " 
 
 The Parliarnent of England in 1650, to protect their com- 
 merce, which had suffered from the enterprise of the Dutch, 
 passed the Navigation Act which forbade any goods being 
 carried to the Colonies, except in English vessels, and de- 
 clared that the Colonies having originated from the author- 
 ity, wealth, and population of England, they were dependent 
 upon, and subject to the legislation of Parliament. The 
 trade with Holland had been a source of revenue to Vir- 
 ginia, and before the Burgesses in Assembly at Jamestown 
 on March 17th, 1650-1, Governor Berkeley delivered the 
 following violent harangue. 
 
 "Gentlemen You perceave by the Declaration, that the 
 men of Westminister have set out, which I beleeve you 
 have all scene, how they meane to deale with you 
 hereafter, who in the time of their wooing and courting 
 you proposed such hard conditions to be performed on 
 your part & on their owne nothing but a benigne ac- 
 ceptance of your duties to them. Indeed methinks they 
 might have proposed something to us which might have 
 strengthened us to beare those heavy chaines they are 
 
VIMGINIA CABOLORUM. 213 
 
 making ready for us, though it were but an assurance 
 that we shall eat the bread for which bur owne Oxen 
 plow, and with owne sweat we reape, but this assurance 
 (it seems) were a franchise beyond the condition they have 
 resolved on the Question we ought to be in : For the reason 
 why they talk so Magisterially to us, is this, we are for- 
 sooth . their worships slaves, bought with their money, and 
 by consequence ought not to buy or sell, but Avith those 
 they shall authorize, with a few trifles, to cozen us of all 
 for which we toile and labour. 
 
 " If the whole Current of their reasoning were not as 
 ridiculous, as their actions' have been Tyrannicall and 
 bloudy ; we might wonder with what browes they could 
 sustaine such impertinent assertions : For if you look into it, 
 the strength of their argument runs onely thus : we have 
 laid violent hands on your Land-LOrd, possess'd his Man- 
 ner house where you used to pay your rents, therefor now- 
 tender your respects to the same house you once reverenced : 
 I caU my Conscience to witness, I lie not, I cannot in all 
 their Declaration perceave a stronger argument for what 
 they would impose on us, than this which I have now told 
 you : they talke indeed of money laid out on this country 
 in its infancy : I will not say how little, nor how Centuply 
 repaid, but will onely aske, was it theirs ? They who in 
 the beginning of this warr were so porre & indigent that 
 the wealth and rapines of three kingdomes & their Churches 
 too, cannot yet make rich, but are faine to seeke out 
 new Territories and impositions to sustaine their Luxury 
 amongst themselves. 
 
214 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 ' ' Sufely Gentlemen we are more slaves by nature, then 
 their power can make us, if we suffer ourselves to be shaken 
 with these paper bulletts & those on ray life are the heaviest 
 they Either can or will send us. ' Tis true, with us, they 
 haue long threatened the Barbados, yet not a ship goes 
 thither but to beg trade, nor will they do to us, if we dare 
 Honourably resist their Imperious Ordinance. Assuredly, 
 Gentlemen, you have heard under what heavy burthens the 
 afflicted English Nation now groanes, and calls to heaven 
 for reliefe : how new and formerly unheard of impositions 
 make the wives pray for barrennes, and their husbands 
 deafnes to exclude the cryes of their succourles staruing 
 children : And I am confident you do believe that none 
 would long endure this slavei-y, if the Sword at their throats 
 Did not compell them to Languish under the misery they 
 hourely suffer. Looke on their sufferings with the eyes of 
 understanding and that will prevent all your teares, but 
 those of Compassion. Consider with what prisons and 
 Axes they have paid those that have served them to the 
 hazard of their Soules : Consider yourselves how happy 
 you are, and have been, how the Gates of Wealth and 
 Honour are shut on no man, and that there is not here an 
 Arbitrary hand, that dares to touch the substance of either 
 poore or rich. But, that which I would haue you chiefly to 
 consider with thankfulness is : That God hath separated 
 you from the guilt of the crying bloud of our Pious Sover- 
 aigne of ever blessed memory : But mistake not Gentlemen 
 part of it will yet staine your garments if you willingly sub- 
 mit to those murtherers hands that shed it. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 215 
 
 ' ' I tremble to thinke how the oathes they will impose will 
 make those guilty of it, that haue long abhor'd the traiter- 
 ousnesse of the act : But I cpnfesse having had so frequent 
 testimonies of your courages, I cannot haue a reasonable 
 Suspition of any cowardly falling of from the former reso- 
 lutions, and haue onely mentioned this last, as a part of my 
 duty and care of you, not of any reall doubts and feares ; 
 or if with untryed men we were to argue on this subject, 
 what is it can be hoped for in a change, which we have 
 not already ? Is it liberty ? The sun looks not on a people 
 more free than we are from all oppression. Is it wealth ? 
 Hundreds of examples shew us that Industry & Thrift in a 
 short time may bring us to as high of it as the country and 
 and our Conditions are yet capable of. Is it security to 
 enjoy this wealth when gotten ? With out blushing I will 
 speake it, I am confident theare lives not that person can 
 accuse me of attempting the least act against any man's 
 property. Is it peace ? The Indians, God be blessed, round 
 about us are subdued: we can only feare the Londoners, 
 who would faine bring us to the same poverty, wherein the 
 Dutch found and relieved us, would take away the liberty of 
 our consciences, and tongues, and our right of giving and 
 selling our goods to whom we please. 
 
 "But, Gentlemen, by the Grace of God, we will not so 
 tamely part with our King, and all these blessings we 
 enjoy under him. and if they oppose us, do but follow me, 
 I will either lead you to victory, or loose a life which I 
 cannot more gloriously sacrifice than for my loyalty and 
 your security." 
 
216 VlttGtNlA GAROLORtlM. 
 
 The speech was published with this title : 
 
 The Speech 
 
 of the HONOUKABLE 
 
 WILLIAM 
 
 BERKELEY 
 
 Governour and Capt : Generall of Virginia 
 
 to the Burgesses in the Grand 
 
 Assembly at James Towne on the 
 
 17 of Mwrch 165i 
 
 Together with a 
 
 Declaration 
 
 Of the wliole Country, occasioned upon the 
 
 Sight of a printed paper from England 
 
 Intituled An Act, &c 
 
 HAGH 
 
 Printed hy Samuel Brown, English 
 
 Bookseller 1651 
 
CHAPTEE VII. 
 
 UNDER THE COMMONWEALTH OP ENGLAND, A.D., 1653, TO 
 
 A.D.. 1660. 
 
 Pabliament Commissioners Appointed. Scterendeb of Noktu- 
 AMPTON PiaoPLE. NoTiOE OF Captain Stbgg. Riohaed Ben- 
 nett, GovBKNOB. The Bennett Family. Loed Baltimoee 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGES THE COMMONWEALTH. NoTICE OF JoHN HaMMOND 
 
 AND Thos. "Woodward. Feancis Lovelace ebtuens to Eng- 
 land. Samuel Deisius, Dutch oleegyman. Francis Yeaedlby 
 visits Roanoke Indians. Col. Ed. Hill. William Batt. 
 Heney Fleet. John Caetee. Roger Ludlow. The witch 
 Maey Lee. Bdwaed Digges and Silk Culture. Goveenoe 
 DiGGBS. Death of Councillor Goocii. Notice of the bldee 
 Nathaniel Bacon. Religious Condition. Indians Attacked 
 BY Col. Hill. Gov. Digges visits London. Assembly's lettbe 
 TO Ceomwell. Compeomise op boundary question. Aeeival 
 of Quakees. Richaed Lee. Heney Coebin. Isaac Alleeton.. 
 Thomas Geeaed. John Washington. Govbenoe Samuel 
 Mathews. Debate on Constitutional Law. Councilloes 
 Beidgee and Mitchell. Expedition against Ass ate ague In- 
 dians. Election of Goveenoe Berkeley. Theodoeic Bland. 
 Commissionbes feom New Amsterdam. Sie Heney Moody. 
 
 jHE Council of State, of the Commonwealth of 
 England, after long deliberation/ in 1651, deter- 
 mined to send commissioners, to reduce the planta- 
 tions of Chesapeake Bay, to due obedience. Instructions 
 
 ' As early as December 28, 1649, the Committee of Admiralty summoned to 
 appear before them, Maurice Thompson, Benjamin Worsley, William Penoyer 
 28 
 
218 Virginia Oarolouvm. 
 
 were issued to Oapt. Eobert Dennis, Mr. Richard Bennett, 
 Mr. Thomas Stegg and Capt. William Claiborne as commis- 
 sioners. Under the direction of Capt. Dennis they were to 
 proceed with two ships, the "John," and a Guinea frigate of 
 Holland and upon the arrival of all, or any two, in Virginia, 
 they were to assert the power of Parliament, and the Com- 
 monwealth of England, and to offer indemnity and issue par- 
 dons, with such limitations as they deemed best. Those 
 taking the oath to be true and faithful to the Common- 
 wealth of England, without a King, or House of Lords, 
 were to choose their own Burgesses, who would make all 
 necessary laws for local goverment, not contrary to those of 
 Parliament. 
 
 and William Allen, to testify what the interest of the Commonwealth required 
 in "Virginia, and on the 9th of January, 1649-50, tliis Committee reported to the 
 Council of State, relative " to the government of Virginia and present juncture 
 of affairs In relation to that plantatioQ" and advised that " Commissioners be 
 nominated by Parliament in whom the government may be immediately placed." 
 It was more than eighteen months after this report, before definite action was 
 taken. On September 23, 1057, Captain Curtis was authorized to act as Com- 
 missioner in case of |the death of Capt. Dennis. A fleet of armed merchant 
 vessels accompanied the ships of war. On August 15, 1051, Mr. Stegg, to be 
 appointed one of the Commissioners, had liberty to go with the fleet to Virginia, 
 and liberty was given to all going in the fleet, to carry shoes and other goods 
 usually sent thither for trade." 
 
 The Virginia fleet arrived reduced by storms, and many men sick, in Decem- 
 ber, 1051, at Barbadoes. Six hundred men were able to do duty and Sir George 
 Ayscue, taking advantage of their presence, summoned Lord Willoughby to 
 surrender the place, to Parliament. The fleet after remaining seven days, pro- 
 ceeded on its way toward Virginia. 
 
 Before the fleet left England, under date of October 3, 1651, the Council of 
 State sent to Richard Bennett in Virginia, some instructions which were not to 
 be opened until after the country was reduced to the obedience of the Common- 
 wealth. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 219 
 
 Oapt. Dennis and Captain Stegg,^ were lost in the ship 
 ■ John " in which they sailed, but Captain Curtis arriving 
 
 " Captain Stegg was a prominent Virginian, see p. 135. As early as 1637, he was 
 known as a merchant. On October 5, 1651, just before "John" sailed, he 
 made his will, an abstract of which, by H. F. Waters, is in the N. E. Hist. Oen. 
 Register, for April, 1885. In it, he bequeathed to his son Thomas, his whole 
 estate in Virginia, and an interest, in certain vessels ; to his daughter Grace, the 
 wife of John Byrd, goldsmith, of Loudon, houses in London ; and to his wife 
 Elizabeth, during widowhood, or natural life, his estate after the payment of 
 debts and legacies, but in case of her marriage eight hundred pounds. • 
 
 His son Thomas, also became an influential man. In 1663, he received a 
 grant of 800 acres in Henrico County and in January, 1663, in Henrico County, 
 1280 acres including the site of the city of Richmond, and the same year, 
 another 1850 acres in the same county. Upon Heerman's Map drawn in 1670, 
 and published in 1673, the isle at the foot of the Falls of James River, is marked 
 " Stegg's Isle." 
 
 The junior Thomas Stegg, made his will March 31, 1670, which was proved 
 on May 15, 1671. His mother had become the wife of Thomas Grendon of 
 London. He left to the children of his sister Grace Byrd, wife of John of 
 London, legacies. His nephew William Byrd, received also a large estate. 
 At the time of making the will William was only eighteen years of age, and 
 he is cautioned " not to be led away by the evil instructions he shall receive 
 from others, but to be governed by the prudent and provident advice of his 
 aunt, the testator's " loving wife." 
 
 In 1685, a Thomas Grendon died at sea, and Col. Wm. Byrd in a letter 
 dated June 5th, 1685, wrote : " I am heartily sorry for the death of Coz. Gran- 
 don and wish you may secure yourself in England, for the old woman will carry 
 away all here." The latter end of January, 1684-5 his aunt Mrs. Grendon, had 
 married a Mr. Edward Brain who came to Virginia in September, 1684, with 
 thirty servants, and a large amount of goods. Byrd calls Mrs. Grendon, " the 
 old gentlewoman." 
 
 About the time that the elder Stegg died, two others connected with the 
 Virginia trade also wrote their wills. 
 
 Thomas Fawne about to sail for Virginia, on Dec. 25, 1651, made a will in 
 which he gives to Robert Williams, surgeon of the Virginia trading ship, 
 "Peter," a watch and cornelian ring ; to his servant William Martin, passage 
 to Virginia, his freedom there, and a suit of clothes, and he makes John Younge 
 and John Stone his executors. 
 
 Robert Nickolson of London, merchant, son of Francis of Ipswich, made his 
 will on November, 10, 1651. He appears to have been religiously disposed, as 
 
220 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 with the Guinea frigate, showed the duphcate instructions 
 to Bennett, and Claiborne, who were in Virginia. 
 
 At the time that Captain Curtis appeared in the waters 
 of the Chesapeake, Major General Gibbons of New England, 
 who had been commissioned by Lord Baltimore, Admiral of 
 the Province of Maryland, had his pinnace seized by two 
 persons, Wilson and Read, connected with the fleet of Curtis, 
 because the leading men in Maryland were averse to a sur- 
 render to the Parliament, as their powers had been derived 
 from the Proprietary of the Province. Gibbons went to 
 England and complained of the treatment received, and 
 asked for damages, but the Council of state reported ad- 
 versely. They did not think that they could "give the peti- 
 tioner any relief, because it did not appear, that one penny, 
 of that he lost, came into the hands of the State." 
 
 "i 
 
 The Commissioners proceeded to execute their commis- 
 
 he bpqueathes I en pounds sterling toward the relief of the English captives in 
 Turkey and forty shillinga to Mr. Pickett, minister of Pontibridge, Essex. He 
 was also on the ship "Peter" as lie gives to the master of the ship, John 
 Younge, twenty shillings to buy his wife a ring. To Thomas Fawne two pairs 
 of Cordovant gloves and Leo Afer [Africanus] a book of History : to John Cor- 
 bin his waisting coat, stuff coat, Turkey waistcoat, and two pairs of Cordovant 
 gloves ; To John Richards two pairs of Cordovant, and Locker's sermons ; to 
 John Stone twenty shilling, two pairs of Cordovants and the rest of the books 
 in the cabin ; " to Capt. Sam. Matthewes of Virginia Esq., one pair of Buckskin 
 gloves, and to Mrs. Matthews his wife two pairs of kid skin gloves;" to Samuel, 
 his son a pair of buckskin gloves, and to another sou a pair of Cordovant. To 
 Mrs. Mary Bernard of Warwick river he gave six pairs of kid gloves, and to 
 each of her daughters three pairs. To Mrs. Veheath Land Vernald, daughter of 
 widow Mary Vernald of Warwick River, he gave a diamond ring, and also a gold 
 ring with tlie motto " Idem qui pridem." 
 
 Cordovan leather so called from Cordova in Spain. Spenser in " Faery 
 Queen " alludes to the " Buskins he wore of costliest cordwaine." 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 221 
 
 sion/ and although G-overnor Berkeley blustered and talked 
 of resistance, the Commissioners who had the sympathies of 
 some of the best planters, upon arriving at Jamestown, con- 
 vinced the Burgesses, that resistance would be disastrous 
 to the prosperity of the Colony, and on the 12th of March, 
 1651-2,^ it was agreed that they would submit to the Com- 
 
 ' Whitelocke in Memorials of the BngUsh Affairs under date of May 14, 1652, 
 has this : " Letters, that the Inhabitants of Virginia willingly submitted to the 
 Government of the Parliament." 
 
 " The people of Northampton county, on the eastern shore of the bay, seem to 
 have had the engagement left with them to sign on the 11th of March, and 
 signatures were obtained during the month, as appears from the following on 
 the County Records. 
 
 "The Engagm't tendered to ye Inhabitants of Northampton County, Eleaventh 
 of March, 1651 (O. S). 
 
 " Wee whose Names are subscribed ; doe hereby Engage and promise to bee 
 true and faithful! to the Commonwealth of England as it is nowe Established 
 without Kinge or House of Lords. 
 
 Nathan'U Littleton 
 Obedience Robins 
 Edm. Scarburgh 
 Bdw. Douglas 
 Peter Walker 
 Wm. Andrews Sen'r 
 Nich. Waddelone 
 Allex. Addison 
 James Barnabye 
 Jno Pannell 
 Sam'll Sone 
 Jno. Denman 
 James Berry 
 Phillip Farrant 
 Jno. Tilney 
 Sampson Robins 
 Jno; Ellis 
 JefFery Minshatt 
 Qeorgine Hacke 
 
 25 of March 
 
 Argoll Yardley 
 Wm. Waters 
 Wm. Jones 
 Thos. Sprigge 
 Jno. Dye 
 X'ofer Maior 
 Allex. Harryson 
 Wm. Munds 
 Francis Flood 
 Steph. Stringer 
 X'ofer Jarvis 
 Nich. Scott 
 Antb. Hodgskins 
 Jno. Nuthall 
 Wm. Whittington 
 Wm. Coake 
 Ben. Cowdrey 
 Levyne Den wood 
 Robert Andrews 
 
 Rich. Vaughan 
 Thos. Johnson 
 Dan'll Baker 
 Thomas Hint 
 Thos. Figby 
 Robert Marryott 
 Jno. Parkes 
 Wm.^Stanley 
 Jno. Ayers 
 Robert Harryson 
 Luke Billington 
 Randolfe Hutchinson 
 Nich. Granger 
 Thos. Truman 
 Allex. Madoxe 
 Henr. Armitradinge 
 Steph. Charlton 
 Jno. Parramore 
 Jno. RobeartB 
 
222 
 
 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 mon wealth, "and their subscription be acknowledged a 
 voluntary act, not forced nor constrained by a conquest upon 
 the country." The Commissioners accepted a clause declar- 
 ing that: "Virginia shall have and enjoy the antient 
 
 Ricli. Hamby 
 Edw. Harrington 
 
 Edm. Matliews 
 Jno. Custia 
 Jno. Jolinaon Juu. 
 Farmer Jones 
 Juo. Dixon 
 Jno. Taylor 
 Matliew Stone 
 Tobine Selve 
 Rich. Nottingham 
 Nehemiah Coventon 
 Francis Morgan 
 Wm. Ward 
 Jno. Johnson, Senr 
 Edw. Southren 
 Jno. Merryfin 
 Dan'll Chadwell 
 Jno. Teeslocke 
 Jno. Coulson 
 Jno. Machaell 
 Jno. Cornley 
 Rich. Newell 
 Jno. Lee 
 Phill Merrydayr 
 Edw. Moore 
 Jno. Brillyant 
 Jno. Rutter 
 Andrew Hendrye 
 Antho. Carpenter 
 Jno. Wise 
 Wm. Taylor 
 Jno. Waleford 
 Mick Richett 
 
 Beu. Mathews 
 Jno. Stringer 
 
 X'ofer Dixon 
 
 Tricedmo Die Marty 1651 (0. 8.) 
 
 Ambrose Dixon 
 Wm. Horoae 
 Robt. Blake 
 Rich. Hill 
 Jno. Pott 
 Edw. Marshall 
 Jno. Dolling 
 Charles Scarburgh 
 Walter Williams 
 Wm. Stephens 
 Jno. Thatcher 
 Rich. Smyth 
 David Wheatley 
 Robert Berry 
 Wm. Preeninge 
 Tho. Butterie 
 Jno. James 
 Tho. Price- 
 Rich. Baily 
 Rich. Hudson 
 Rich. AUeyu 
 Jno. Lewis 
 Jno. Johnson, Sen'r 
 Wm. Gaskins 
 Nicholas Jueyre 
 James Adkinson 
 Wm. Gower 
 Wm. Boucher 
 Jno. Johnson Jr. 
 Wm. Jordan 
 X'ofer Kirke 
 Thos. Savage 
 
 Steph. Horsey 
 Jno. Robinson 
 Symon Bailey 
 Jno. Hiuman 
 Jno. Coulson 
 Phill. Mathews 
 Edw. Leeue 
 James Johnson 
 Elial Hartree 
 Charles Ratlilfe 
 Jno. Graye 
 Jno. Willyams 
 Randall Revel] 
 Wm. Smyth 
 Wm. Custis 
 Tho. Miller 
 Robert Baily 
 Jno. Whitehead 
 Armstrong Foster 
 Wm. Andrews Jun'r 
 Sam'l Calvert 
 Francis Goodman 
 Jno. Willyams 
 Wm. Corner 
 Rich. Smyth 
 Sam'l Robins 
 Jno. Garnell 
 David KifEyn 
 Jno. Browne 
 Wm. Monitor 
 Wm. Browne 
 Rich. Kellam 
 
VIRGINIA CAttOLOttVM. 223 
 
 bounds and lymitts granted by the chartei's of the former 
 Kings, and that we shall seek a new charter from the par- 
 liament for that purpose, against any, that have intrencht 
 vpon the rights thereof. " 
 
 It was further promised that Virginia should have free 
 trade, as the people of England, according to the laws of 
 the Commonwealth, and " be free from all taxes, customes, 
 and impositions whatsoever" and that no forts should be 
 erected without their consent, nor garrisons maintained. 
 That nothing should be done for a year, as to the exclusion 
 of the Book of Common Prayer, and that all who refused 
 the oath, could have a year before removing from the Colony. 
 
 Governor Berkeley was permitted to send to the excited 
 King, a messenger, at his own expense, to give an account of 
 the surrender, and that neither he, nor any of his Council 
 for a whole year, should bo censured for prayers and kind 
 words about the King in their homes, and quiet social 
 gatherings. 
 
 Heretofore, the colonists had been governed by commis- 
 sioners and instructions from England, but hereafter they 
 were promised freedom in the choice of officers. A Dutch 
 ship had left some goods in the Colony, and cleared for Hol- 
 land without paying customs due, and it was provided that 
 
 liidi. Bruducke Satn'l Smothevgall Jno. Edwards 
 
 Thos. Clarke Wm. Colebourne Wm. Mellinger 
 
 Thos. Crecro Alex. Maddoxe Rapli'U Hudson 
 
 Sam'l Jones Sam'l Powell Rich. Tegger 
 
 Hen. White .James Brewce Samuel Goldfine 
 
 X'ofen Calvert Wm Luddington 
 
 Recordantur vicesino die Augusty Ano. 1653 
 
 Teste Bdm. Mathews, Cloe. Cur. 
 
224 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 Governor Berkeley's back salary should be paid by the 
 sale of these goods. 
 
 The month after the ackaowledment of the Common- 
 wealth of England, an Assembly duly elected, met at James- 
 town, and on April 30th, " after long and serious debate and 
 advice for the settling of the government of Virginia, it was 
 unanimously voted and concluded by the Commissioners 
 appointed by the authority of Parliament, and by all the Bur- 
 gesses of the several counties and places respectively until 
 the further pleasure of the State be known, that Mr. Eich- 
 ard Bennett Esq., be Governor* for the ensuing year, or 
 
 ' The Bennett family always had influence in Virginia. The Governor was th e 
 nephew of Edward Bennett who had been Deputy Governor of the Merchant 
 Adventurers of England resident at Delft. He was a prominent Loudon mer- 
 chant. Early in 1621, he visited Delf, and Rotterdam, the tobacco marts. Sir 
 Edwin Sandys, at a meeting of the Virginia Company of London, on April 12, 
 1621, moved "that in regards Mr. Edward Bennett, a cittizen, had so well de- 
 served of this Company by a treatise wch he made touching the inconvenience 
 that the importaoon of Tobacco out of Spaine had brought into this land ; and by 
 his often attendance vpon the Comittees of the Lower bowse of Comons about 
 the same, * * * that therefore he might haue the fauor to be admitted a 
 free member of the Company wch mocon was thought very reasonable, and 
 being putt to the question was generally assented unto and confirmed by the 
 erecon of hands." 
 
 At a meeting of the Company on October 24, 1621, the Deputy mentioned 
 " that the first patent was for a gentleman that had deserved singularly well of 
 the Company before hee was a member thereof. And since his admittance hee 
 had been att a verie great charge for transportinge of people to Virginia, namely 
 Mr. Bennett who now joyns himselfe in this business with Mr. Wiseman and 
 Mr. Ayres, and divers other their associates." 
 
 At the time of the Indian uprising in March, 1631-2, more than fifty were 
 killed at what was known as Edward Bennett's plantation, although he never 
 came to America. 
 
 In November, 1632, a vessel of twenty tons burden, of which Isaac Madison 
 was Captain and Robert Bennett Master, traded with the Indians around Chesa- 
 peake Bay, and in a volume of Virginia maauscript records in the Library of Con- 
 gress is the following: " Whereas Mr. Robert Bennet of Warisooyak, Mercht 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOnUM. 225 
 
 until the next meeting of the Assembly, with all the just 
 powers and authorities that may belong to the place law- 
 fully. And likewise that Colonel William Olayborne be 
 Secretary of State with all belonging to that office, and 
 is to be next in place to the Governor ; next that of 
 the Council of State to be as followeth, Captain John 
 West, Samuel Mathewes, Col. Nathaniel Littleton, Col. 
 ArgoU Yeardly, Col. Thomas Pettus, Col. Humphry Hig- 
 ginson. Col. George Ludlow, Col. William Barrett, Capt. 
 Bridges Freeman, Capt. Thomas Harwood, Major William 
 Taylor, Capt. Francis Epps, Col. John Cheesman, and they 
 shall have power to execute, and do equal justice to all the 
 people and inhabitants of this Colony according to such in- 
 struction as they have, or shall receive from the Parliament, 
 and according to the known law of England, and the act 
 of Assembly have established." 
 
 late dec'd is indebted to Mr. William Benet Minister of said plantation the sum 
 of 1533J lbs of tobacco for his salary for two years, tbis is therefore to require 
 John Chew of James City, Merchant, who hath the management of the business 
 of the s'd Robert Benet to satisfy and pay unto the said William Beriet the sum 
 of 15331 lbs. 
 
 " James City, March 30, 1633." 
 
 Bennet the clergyman arrived at the Bennett or Warosquoyak plantation in 
 1631, having come in the ship " Sea Flower " and toward the close of 1684, he 
 died. His wife Catherine came in 1632, in the ship " Abigail " and on the 23d 
 of January, 1634-5, was residing at Shirley, a widow, with an infant named 
 William, three weeks old. 
 
 On the 35th of January, 1634-5, a muster of Mr. Edward Bennett's servants 
 at Wariscoyak was taken, and the number was twelve, two of whom were 
 negroes. 
 
 Richard the nephew, was a Burgess from the Wariscoyak district in 1639, and 
 in 1633, one of the Justices of the monthly Court. In 1624, he was a Councillor. 
 Owing to his Puritan sympathies in 1649, he went to Maryland, but remained 
 a short period, and in 1651, was appointed a Commissioner in behalf of the 
 Commonwealth of England. His subsequent career will be referred to in 
 another chapter, 
 
 29 
 
226 
 
 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 This Assembly' declared on the 5th of May that " the 
 right of election of all ofificers of the Colony appertain to 
 
 ' MembbrS op Assembly, Convened April 30, 1053. 
 
 Henrico County. 
 
 Robert Wetherall. 
 Lt. Col. Jolin Fludd. 
 Hen. Soane. 
 
 Robert Pitt. 
 George Hardie. 
 
 Capt. ThoB. Due. 
 
 Cor Llnyd. 
 Thos. Lambert. 
 
 Wm. Hatcher 
 
 Charles City Co. 
 
 Capt. Dan. Mansill. 
 George Stephens. 
 William Whittakar. 
 
 Me of Wight Co. 
 
 John George. 
 John Moore. 
 
 Nanzemond Co. 
 
 Ed. Major, Speaker. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Hen Wnodhouse. 
 Charles Burrowes. 
 
 Elizabeth City Co. 
 
 Peter . John Sheppard. 
 
 Warwick liiver County. 
 Lt. Col. Sam. Matthews. Wm. Whitby, !^;peaker. 
 
 York Covnty. 
 
 Capt. Francis Morgan. Capt. Austin Warner. 
 
 Henry Lee. 
 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Slajor Obedience Robins. 
 Edmund Scarbrough. 
 Thos. .lohnson. 
 
 William Jones. 
 Antho. Hoskins. 
 
 John Mottram. 
 
 Oloucester Co. 
 Lancaster Co. 
 
 Northumberland Co. 
 
 George Fletcher. 
 Hugh Qiilnne. 
 Francis Willis. 
 
VIRGINIA CAR OLD RUM. 227 
 
 the Burgesses, the repi'eseatation of the people," and that 
 the Governor and Council should sit in the same house, and 
 take the same oath as the Burgesses. 
 
 Argall Yeardley, and his brother Francis, Richard Lee, 
 Col. Samuel Mathews, and others, of the leading colonists, 
 upheld the acbs of Parliament, and after the adjournment 
 of the Assembly, Mathews was sent to obtain a ratification 
 of the articles of agreement with the Commissioners of Plan- 
 tions. They were read in the House of Commons on the 
 28th of August, and Lord Baltimore and others objected to 
 the clauses which provided that Parliament should restore 
 to them the region which they had held, before the Province 
 of Maryland had been created. The Committee found that 
 the settlement could not ' ' speedily, be proceeded in. " Bal- 
 timore, always judicious and politic, where his own interest 
 was concerned, presented among others, the following rea- 
 sons why Maryland should remain under a separate govern- 
 ment. " First. It is much better to keep that government 
 still divided from Virginia (as it has been for these twenty 
 years past), than to unite them, for by that means this 
 Commonwealth will have the more power over both, by 
 making one an instrument, as occasion may require, to 
 keep the other, in its due obedience, to this Common- 
 wealth. 
 
 ^'Secondly, In case any defection should happen in either 
 Colony (as lately was in Virginia), the other may be a place 
 of refuge for such as continue faithful to its Commonwealth, 
 as Maryland lately was Upon that occasion, which it 
 could not have been, in case the government of that place 
 had been at that time united into, or have any dependence 
 on Virginia. 
 
228 VIRGINIA CAROLOMUM. 
 
 " Thirdly It will cause an emulation in both, which of 
 them shall give the better account of their proceedings to- 
 the supreme authority of this Commonwealth, on which 
 they both depend, and also which of them shall give better 
 satisfaction to the planters and adventurers of both. 
 
 "Fourthly, The Lord Baltimore having an estate, and 
 his residence in England, this Commonwealth will have a 
 better assurance of the due obedience of that plantation, 
 and the planters and adventurers thither, of having right 
 done unto them, in case the government thereof have still 
 a dependence upon him, and he upon this Commonwealth 
 (as he had before on the late King), than if the government 
 of that place, at so remote a distance, should be disposed of 
 into other hands, who had little, or nothing here to be re- 
 sponsible for it, and whose interest and residence were 
 wholly there. 
 
 " Fifthly, By the continuance of his interest in the govern- 
 ment, those of this Commonwealth, and the people there, 
 are eased of the charged of a Deputy Governor, which he at 
 his own charge maintains ; the inhabitants there being so 
 poor, and so like to be, for many years, as they are not able 
 to contribute anything toward it. 
 
 ' ' Sixthly, If the Lord Baltimore should, by this Common- 
 wealth, be prejudiced in any of the rights or privileges of 
 
 his patent, of that Province, it would be a great discourage- 
 ment to others in foreign plantations, upon any exigency 
 to adhere to the interest of this Commonwealth, because it 
 is notoriously known, that by his express directions, his 
 officers, and the people there, did adhere to the interest of 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 229 
 
 this Commonwealth, when all other English plantations, 
 except New England, declared against the Parliament, and 
 at that time received their friends in time of distress, for 
 which, he was like, divers times, to be deprived of his in- 
 terest there, by the Colony of Virginia, and others who had 
 commission from the late King's eldest son for that purpose, 
 as appears by a commission granted by him, to Sir Win. 
 Davenant." 
 
 On the 25th of November, 1652, another Assembly Con- 
 vened at Jamestown, and exercised its right to determine 
 the qualifications of its members. John Hammond was 
 expelled because he was well known as "a scandalous per- 
 son, and a frequent disturber of the peace of the country 
 by hbell, and other illegal practices." James Pyland of Isle 
 of Wight county was not permitted to take his seat, because 
 he had circulated a " blasphemous catechise " and was a 
 sympathizer with Thomas Woodward a violent royalist , who 
 had been assayer of the London mint, and was dismissed in 
 1649, by Bradshaw, President of the Council of State, be- 
 cause of his opposition to Parliament, and who came to 
 Virginia vowing that he would never see England again, 
 until his Majesty's return from exile, i 
 
 The Assembly* transacted but little business as they were 
 
 ' Soon after Cbarles the Secood ascended the throne, Woodward was remem- 
 bered, and he and his son John appointed assay masters of the mint. He re- 
 mained in Virginia, as when his son John died, in 1665, the wife of John appar- 
 ently in England, waived all claims and consented to the appointment of a 
 Charles Giffard as assay master. 
 
 = Members of A.s8embly November 1652. 
 Henrico County. Capt, William Harris. 
 
230 
 
 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 awaiting intelligence from their agent in London. A new- 
 parish was created in Northampton county, formerly Ac- 
 
 Capt. Heu. Perry. 
 Capt. Dan. Llewellin. 
 Major Abraham Wood. 
 
 Wetherell. 
 
 Abra. Watson. 
 
 William Thomas 
 William Edwards. 
 
 Isle of Wight Oo. 
 Lt. Col. Matthews. 
 Col. Tho. Dew Speaker. 
 
 Lt. Col. Cor. Uoyd. 
 Major Thos. Lambert. 
 
 Peter Bansome. 
 
 Capt. Steph. Gill. 
 William Gonge. 
 
 Col Hugh Guinne. 
 Lt, Col. Robbing. 
 Capt. H'y Fleet. 
 
 diaries Oity Go. 
 
 Capt. Woodliff. 
 Capt. Chas. Sparrow. 
 
 James Oity Co. 
 
 Hen. Soane. 
 
 Surrey Co. 
 
 George Stephens. 
 
 Charles Reynolds. 
 Warwick County 
 
 William Whitby. 
 Nansemond Co. 
 
 Peter Montague. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Charles Burrows. 
 
 Elizabeth City Co. 
 
 Theo. Howe. 
 York County. 
 
 Major X'pher Calthorpe. 
 
 Gloucester Go. 
 
 Francis Willis. 
 Northampton Oo. 
 
 Steph. Charlton. 
 Lancaster Oo. 
 
 Wm. Underwood. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 231 
 
 comae above Ocquahanock Creek. G-eorge Fletcher was 
 granted the privilege for fourteen years, of brewing in 
 wooden vessels. Colonel William Claiborne, and Capt. 
 Henry Fleet, so long identified with Maryland, now one of 
 the Burgesses from Lancaster county, were authorized with 
 their associates "to discover, and enjoy such benefits, and 
 trades for fourteen years, as they shall find out in places 
 where no English have ever been and discovered, nor have 
 had particular trade, and to take up such lands by patents, 
 proving their rights, as they shall think good. Abraham 
 "Wood, a representative from Charles City county, was 
 given similar privileges. 
 
 Col. Francis Lovelace, who had for his attachment to the 
 King, suffered loss of office and sequestration of property, 
 was in Virginia at the time of the surrender, and received 
 permission from Commissioners Bennett and Claiborne to 
 repair to the late King of the Scots, Charles was called.' 
 
 The Navigation Act of Parliament, designed to protect 
 English manufacturers and merchants by prohibiting for- 
 eigners trading with the colonies, not only inconvenienced 
 the settlers in Virginia, but led them to look upon smug- 
 gling, as a necessity. As soon as Dutch vessels ceased to 
 arrive at Jamestown, London traders raised the price of 
 their goods, and ship owners increased the price of trans- 
 portation. In a short period freight upon tobacco doubled, 
 while the staple only brought one-third what it did before 
 the Navigation Act. 
 
 ' Francis Lovelace, upon the accession of Charles the Second to the throne, 
 was made Recorder of Canterbury. He had a son Goldwell and died about 1663. 
 He was probably the Francis who was the son of Richard, Baron Lovelace, and 
 brother of John the second Baron. 
 
232 
 
 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Governor Stuyvesant of New Amsterdam, in May, 1653, 
 sent Commissioners to Governor Bennett to propose a 
 friendly alliance for commercial purposes. The Virginia 
 authorities replied that they weve not at liberty to make any 
 arrangements, until they conferred with the Council of State 
 in England. 
 
 U 
 
 An Assembly' convened on 5th of July, 1653, and Lt. Col. 
 
 Walter Chiles, a son-in-law of Capt. John Page, was elected 
 
 ' Assembly convened July 5, 1653. 
 James City Co. 
 
 Lt. Col. Walter Chiles. 
 William Whittaker. 
 
 Capt. W. Batte. 
 
 Lt. Col. Sam. iMathews. 
 
 John Bushopp. 
 
 Col. Thos. Dew. 
 Lt. Col. Ed. Major. 
 
 HeQ. Soane. 
 Ab Watson. 
 
 Surry County. 
 
 William Edward. 
 Warwick County. 
 
 William Wliitby Sp. 
 Charles City Co. 
 
 Ant'y Wyatt. 
 
 Nansemond Co. 
 
 Peter Montague, 
 
 Loioer Norfolk Co. 
 Col. Francis Yeardley. Lt. Col. Cor Lloyd. 
 
 Gloucester Co. 
 
 Abra. Iverson, Richard Pate. 
 
 Me of Wight Co. 
 
 Lt. Col. Rob't Pitt. Dan. Boucher. 
 
 Major Geo. Fowden. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 233 
 
 speaker, but as he was agent for a Dutch vessel, which was 
 under seizure, it was not deemed expedient that he should 
 preside, and William Whitby was then chosen. A clergyman 
 had been elected a delegate, but it was voted "that Mr. 
 Eobert Bracewell, clerk, be suspended, and is not in a 
 capacity of serving as a Burgess, since it was unpresidential, 
 and may produce bad consequences." Roger Green, also a 
 clergyman of Nansemond, asked permission for himself and 
 others, for a tract of land to those who should first settle 
 near Eoanoke river. Secretary Claiborne was also requested 
 to decide whether he would settle at Ramonack on the 
 Pamunky. Edmund Scarborough, the prominent merchant 
 on the Eastern Shore, while he signed the engagement pro- 
 bably chagrined by the effect of the Navigation Act, circu- 
 lated a scandalous and seditious paper, which led the 
 Assembly to disable him from holding officer, and to appoint 
 
 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Capt. Thos. Johnson. 
 William Mellin. 
 
 Stephen Horsey. 
 
 
 Lancaster Co. 
 
 Capt. M. Fantleroy. 
 
 William Hackett. 
 
 
 York County. 
 
 X'pher Calthrop. 
 Robert Booth. 
 
 Wm. Hock way. 
 Capt- F. Morgan. 
 
 
 Northumberland Co. 
 
 Lt. Col . Fletcher. 
 
 Walter Broadhurst. 
 
 Henrico Oo. 
 
 Capt. Wm. Harris. 
 
 
 Elizabeth City Co. 
 
 John Shepperd. 
 30 
 
 Tho's. Thornbury. 
 
234 VIRGINIA OAROLOBUM. 
 
 a committee to visit Northampton county and compose the 
 differences. 
 
 The boundaries of Westmoreland county, at this session, 
 were defined as "from the Machoactoke river, where Mr. 
 Cole lives, to the Falls of the great river of Pawtomacke 
 above the Necostines' town." 
 
 Thomas Thornbury who 1625, was a servant, was a mem- 
 ber from Elizabeth City, had lived for a few years in Mary- 
 land, sympathized with Parliament, and was a member 
 of the Maryland Assembly, of 1649, which passed the Act 
 concerning religion. 
 
 , In November, 1653, the Governor and Council of New 
 Amsterdam having been informed that there was a large 
 quantity of tobacco in Virginia, which for the want of ships 
 could not be exported, and it was proposed that a ship should 
 "make a voyage to Smith's Island ^ on the north cape of 
 the Bay of Virginia, near Haccomaco whereunto is said a 
 sufficient quantity of tobacco lies ready for shipment." 
 This lonely island, far away from Jamestown, a Dutch 
 vessel could stop at and receive a cargo without molesta- 
 tion. 
 
 The authorities at Manhattan, in December, " resolved for 
 the promotion of so laudable an object as the continuation 
 of peace, increase of commerce, and cultivation of corres- 
 pondence between old friends and co-religionists," to send 
 once more a commissioner to Virginia, and authorized and 
 
 ' Smitli's Island was named after Sir Thomas Smith the first President of the 
 Virginia Company. Capt. John Smith afterwards claimed that it was named 
 for him. 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 235 
 
 commanded " the Reverend, and very learned Mr. Samuel 
 Drisius,' Ministerjof the Gospel," to go and inquire of the 
 Governor and Council whether they had heard from Eng- 
 land in relation to the proposition which had been made in 
 the early summer. They deputed him to propose, that if 
 they had received no directions, " a provisional continuation 
 of the commerce, and intercourse between the two places," 
 to be terminated at any time after six days notice to mer- 
 chants and traders to protect them from loss. 
 
 During this year, a young fur trader brought to the house 
 of Francis, * a son of the late Governor Yeardley, a chief of 
 a Roanoke tribe, with his brother's assistance Yeardley sent 
 a carpenter, and six laborers, to build the chief a house, and 
 franchise his territory. "They paid for three great rivers 
 and also all such others as they should like of, southerly," 
 and took possession in the name of the Commonwealth of 
 England, receiving as a symbol of surrender, a sod of earth 
 with an arrow shot therein. Subsequently the Roanoke 
 chief, brought a Tuskarora chief, and forty -five of his tribe, 
 to Yeardley's house, and asked that his wife, and son, 
 might be baptized. The Indian child was presented to the 
 minister before the congregation, baptized, and left with 
 Yeardley "to be bred up a Christian."^ 
 
 " DrisiuB died in 1672, respected. 
 
 ' Francis Yeardley was one of the Maryland Councillors, appointed in 1653, by 
 the Parliament Commissioners. (.Hcj held some land' near Portopaco on the 
 Potomac, but in 1654, left that Province. 
 
 3 These facts are from Thurloe, in a letter of Francis'^Yeardley dated May 
 8, 1654, written to John Farrar at Little Gidding in^Huntingdonshire. It con- 
 cludes with sftlutatioijs " to his virtuous country-woman, the worthily to be 
 
236 
 
 VmGIJSriA CAROLORUM. 
 
 At the Assembly' which began its sessions on November 
 20, 1654, Charles Norwood was clerk. The Governor re- 
 
 honored Mrs. Virginia Farrar." Virginia Parrar had prepared in 1651 a map of 
 Virginia. 
 
 John her father was buried Sept. 28. 1657, next to his brother Nicholas. "Vir- 
 ginia, daughter of John Farrar and Bathsheba his wife, Jan. 17, 1687 died." 
 
 ' ASSBMBLT CONVENED NoV. 30, 1654. 
 
 Charles City Co. 
 
 Major Abra. Wood. 
 Stephen Hamlin . 
 
 Elizahetli City County. 
 
 John Sheppard. 
 
 Gloucester Co. 
 
 Wingfield Webb. 
 
 Richard Cock. 
 
 James City Co. 
 
 Wm. Whitaker. 
 H'y Soane. 
 
 Iile of Wiglit Co. 
 
 Francis Hobbs. 
 Capt. John Bond. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Lyonell Mason . 
 Lancaster Co. 
 
 James Baguall. 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Tho's Johnson. 
 
 Col. Ed. Hill, Speaker. 
 Capt. Henry Perry. 
 
 William Worlich. 
 
 Thomas Breman. 
 
 Henrico County. 
 
 Thomas Dipnal. 
 Abra. Watson. 
 
 hi. Col. Pitt. 
 Capt. John Moone 
 
 Barthol. Hoskins. 
 John Carter. 
 
 Peter Walker. 
 William Waters. 
 
 Col. Tho's. Dew. 
 
 Northumberland Co. 
 
 Nansemond Co. 
 
 Sam. Stoughton. 
 John Trussell. 
 
VIEGINIA OAUOLORUM. 237 
 
 commended Edward Digges/ as a member of the Council, 
 the nomination was confirmed, and he took the oath of 
 fidelity. Col. Edward Hill who was elected Speaker, had 
 been charged before the General Court with being a blas- 
 phemer and atheist, and Hatcher, a delegate from Henrico 
 County, indignantly declared that "the mouth of this House 
 was a Devil." For his free speech about the Right Wor- 
 shipful Speaker he was compelled to kneel, and make an 
 humble acknowledgment of his impropriety of speech, and 
 his name appears to have been dropped from the roll. One 
 of the members, from Surrey, was William Batt, a son of 
 
 Surrey Gounty. 
 William Batt. James Mason. 
 
 Warwick Co. 
 Lt. Col. Sam. Mathews. William Whitbye. 
 
 York County. 
 
 Capt. W. Gooch. John Hayman. 
 
 Robert Booth. 
 
 WesimorelainA County. 
 
 John Holland. Alex. Baynham. 
 
 ' Edward Digges was the son of Sir Dudley, Knight, and his mother was a 
 granddaughter of Sir Thomas Kemp. Sir Dudley was an active public man, 
 but quick tempered. His political opponent at one period was Sir Edwin Sandys. 
 Chamberlain under date of January 17, 1624-5, wrote : "Sir Edwyn Sandys 
 obtained his election for Kent by crying down his rivals, Sir. Nicholos Tufton, 
 and Sir Dudley Digges as papists and royalists." He was active in the impeach- 
 ment of Duke of Buckingham, with Sir Nathaniel Rich and others, OflFending 
 King Charles by his " plain country language," in 1627, he was imprisoned at the 
 Fleet, but after a few weeks, having expressed sorrow for his " unfitting words " 
 w.is restored to liberty. The King stopped his mouth on November 17, 1630, by 
 granting him the office of Master of the Rolls, in reversion after Sir Julius 
 Csesar. Hu died in 1638. A brother of Edward named Dudley, the third son 
 of Sir Dudley, published a treatise on the " Illegality of subjeeta taking up arms 
 against their Sovereign," which in 1647, was brought to the notice of the Com- 
 mittee of Complaints of Parliament. 
 
238 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 Eobert Batt, vice Master of University College, Oxford. 
 As early as thejSth of September, 1643, he had entered land on 
 Mobjack Bay, Gloucester county. His sister Catharine, was 
 the wife of Philip Mallory, and a niece Martha, was a wife 
 of Thomas Mallory, the Dean of Chester Cathedral, who 
 refused to pay the ship money tax, and perhaps the Thomas 
 Mallory who in 1660, was a prominent non-conformist Lon- 
 don' divine. His brothers Thomas and Henry were also 
 residents of the Colony. 
 
 In view of some hostile feeling exhibited by the Indians 
 in the region of Rappahannock river, a hundred men from 
 Lancaster couilTy, forty from Northumberland, and thirty 
 from Westmoreland, the frontier counties, were ordered to 
 assemble at the house of Thomas Meade on the Eappa- 
 hannock, to proceed under John Carter' against the Indians, 
 with Capt. Henry Fleet, and David Wheatliff as interpre- 
 ters. 
 
 After this Meet does not appear in any official capacity. 
 He probably settled near the mouth of the Potomac, known 
 still as Fleet's Point, and accommodated persons, passing 
 from Maryland to Virginia. A deposition has been preserved 
 that shows that one Henry Carline, of Kent county, Mary- 
 land, in 1655, stopped at his house with a woman, and that 
 he provided lodgings also for another woman, and a man. 
 
 " Brock supposes that he is the immigrant who arrived M ay 13 , 161 1 , in the ship 
 " Prosperous," and who had entered hefore 1635, 40 acres in Charles City, and 
 100 in Warosquoyake. He was in 1643, a, member of the Assembly from Upper 
 Norfolk county. In October, lb60, " Colonel Carter ordered upon his oath to 
 declare the whole truth that passed between him and Colonel Claiborne at the 
 Assembly in 1653 or 1654, concerning an act of non-address to the Right Honor- 
 able Sir William Berkeley." His third wife was Sarah, a daughter of Gabriel 
 Ludlow, and on June 10, 1669, he died. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 239 
 
 Fleet becoming indignant at Carline's loose behavior, turned 
 him, and the woman who came with him, out of his house, 
 and had them arraigned before the Eappahannock Court. 
 He was fined for keeping the servant woman from her 
 employer, and disowning his wife, and the woman was 
 ordered to receive thirty lashes.' 
 
 Eoger Ludlow* who had been ridiculed by Captain Stone,' 
 in 1632, as a "Just Ass" left New England, and became 
 in 1654, a resident of Virginia. The western shore of the 
 Potomac about this time began to be occupied by planters- 
 
 The deplorable superstition known as witchcraft, mani- 
 fested itself in Virginia, as in New England. The ship 
 " Charity," John Bosworth, Master, in 1654, left England, 
 for Virginia. The voyage was stormy, and two or three 
 weeks before the vessel entered Chesapeake Bay, the sailors 
 whispered that a witch was on board. Mary Lee a little, 
 and quite aged woman, was the suspect.ed one, and it was 
 demanded of the master that she should be examined, 
 which the captain at first refused to consent to, but as the 
 sailors continued clamorous, after consulting with Henry 
 Corbin, a passenger twenty-five years old, and Eobert Chip- 
 son, a merchant, he yielded to the demand. Two seamen 
 
 ' Hansons " Old Kent," p. 313. 
 
 ° Koger Ludlow was the brother-in-law of Deputy Gov. Endicott fo Massa- 
 chusetts. In 1630, he settled at Dorchester, and for four years was one of the 
 assistant Governors. In 1635, he went to Connecticut, and for nineteen years 
 was either a magistrate or deputy governor. The inhabitants of Fairfield 
 appointed him, in 1654, to lead an expedition against the Indians, but this was 
 not approved by the Connecticut authorities, and after this he moved to Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 3 See page 96. 
 
240 VIBOINIA CAROLORVM. 
 
 searched her body, and declared they had found witch 
 marks. During the night she was left fastened to the cap- 
 stan, and the next morning it was reported that the marks 
 "for the most part were shrunk into the body." Oorbin 
 was pressed to examine her, and at last, the terrified woman 
 said she was a witch. In opposition to the captain, the 
 crew then hung her, and when life was extinct, tossed her 
 body in the sea. 
 
 The relations of trade with New Amsterdam remained un- 
 satisfactory. Edmund Scarborough in the summer of 1655, 
 went to Manhattan and bought some negro slaves for his 
 plantation in Accomac, but he was not permitted to take 
 them thither, until he gave a bond that his vessel would 
 not enter the Delaware River, nor stop, and trade with any 
 of the Dutch plantations. 
 
 Edward Digges at Denbigh on the James Eiver, near 
 Mulberry Island, and at Bellfield eight miles from Williams- 
 burg, paid great attention to silk culture, employing two 
 native Armenians, skilled in the business. An interesting 
 letter, written by him in 1654, to John Ferrar the brother 
 of Nicholas, the last deputy of the Virginia Company, has 
 been preserved. Virginia, the daughter of John, and niece 
 of Councillor William of Virginia was also one of his cor- 
 respondents, and her brother, named John, wove into poor 
 rhyme, the substance of all the letters which she had re- 
 ceived from the Colony, extracts from which are interest- 
 ing as giving the names of the principal persons then 
 engaged in raising silk. 
 
 " Sir Henry Chichly that heroick knight 
 Affirms ther's not an ingenious wight 
 
VIBGIKIA CAROLOBUM. 241 
 
 In Virginia but makes all speed he can 
 To be ere long a silken, noble man. 
 And say, Colonel Ludlow certifies 
 That thence from silk great profit will arise ; 
 Yet, worthy Bernard that stout Colonel 
 Informs the Lady, the worke most facile 
 And of rich silken stuffs made wholly there 
 He hopes that he and others shall soon weare. 
 So, Major John Westrope ripe smooth silk will be 
 A gallant designe for that brave country. 
 ********** 
 
 Mr. George Lobs that prudent old planter 
 Tells her that worms ne'r'e spun silk 
 Let's give those gentle women their full dress 
 Mistress Garrett and Burbage for silk clues 
 That Colonel's wife needs not far to rove 
 Her court affords a pleasant mulberry grove, 
 But noble Diggs carries the bell away 
 Lass ! stint of eggs made so small the essay 
 His two Armenians from Turkey sent 
 ********** 
 
 Are now most busy 
 
 Lo here, what Mistress Mary Ward hath sent 
 
 And to her Lady cousin she presents 
 
 The rare bottoms took from her apple trees 
 
 That all England may it believe and see ; 
 
 Her honored kinsmjji. Esquire Ferrar 
 
 To confirm and make the wonder greater 
 
 Ten more hath he sent her, which he found 
 
 On stately oakes and shrubs which kiss the ground 
 
 And Doctour Russell, that learned Physition 
 
 Hath with his, made a full addition." 
 
 An important principle was asserted by the Assembly in 
 1665. Every freeman had the privilege of a vote until two 
 years before, when the elective franchise was limited to 
 
 31 
 
242 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 housekeepers, freeholders, leaseholders, or other tenants, 
 but it was now repealed because it was " hard and unagree- 
 able to reason that any persons shall pay taxes, and have 
 no votes in election." To ensure fair elections it was or- 
 dered that the vote should not be by the voice, but by sub- 
 scription. 
 
 About the same time a plan was devised which if effect- 
 ually carried out might have saved many lives, and civilized 
 the Indians, a plan which is again being urged, in its 
 main features, by philanthropists. It was enacted, that for 
 every eight wolv^es' heads deUvered, by any Indian, to the 
 authorities, the head man of his band should receive a cow 
 " as a step to civilizing them, and making them Christians," 
 and it was also provided, that Indians might bring their 
 children within the white settlements, choose guardians for 
 them, and the Colony would pay for their education. To 
 protect them from heartless speculators, it was ordered that 
 the lands of Indians were inalienable, unless by special per- 
 mission of the Assembly. 
 
 Governor Bennett having gone to England on affairs of 
 the Colony, Edward Digges now thirty-five years of age was 
 chosen as his successor, Claiborne, remaining Secretary. 
 His councillors ' were chiefly those who had held the posi- 
 
 ' COUKCILLOKS Mahch 31st, 1655. 
 
 Capt. John West, Col. Bridges Freeman. 
 
 Col. Sam, Mathews. Col. Edward Hill. 
 
 Col. Argall Yeardley. Col. William Taylor. 
 
 Col. Tho'B Pettus. Col. Thomas Dew. 
 
 Col. Humphry Higginsou. Lt. Col. Obedience Robins. 
 
 Col. George Ludlow. Lt. Col. Sam. Mathews. 
 
 Col. William Bernard. Capt. Henry Perry. 
 Capt. William Gooch. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 243 
 
 tion for many years. A son of Col. Mathews, sits with his 
 father. William Gooch, also a new councillor and a young 
 man, died, much lamented, soon after his appointment.' 
 
 According to adjournment, upon December 1st, 1656, the 
 Assembly convened and Lt. Col. Walker,' and Nathaniel 
 Bacon^ were nominated and confirmed as Councillors, and 
 several new Burgesses admitted to fill vacancies. Henry 
 
 ' Upon the Temple plantation, in tlie suburbs of Yorktown, near the house, 
 where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to Washington, is a tombstone, with this 
 inscription. 
 
 " Major William Gooch of this parish 
 Died October 29, 1655. 
 Within this tomb, there doth interred lie 
 No shape.^but substance, true nobility. 
 Itself, though young, in years just twenty -nine, 
 Tet graced with virtues moral, and divine ; 
 The Church from him did good participate 
 In counsel rare, fit to adorn e a State." 
 
 •John Walker supposed to be, by Brock, the brother of Joseph Walker, St. 
 Margarets, Westminister. January 39, 1651-3, he entered U50 acres on Ware 
 River, Mobjack Bay. 
 
 3 Nathaniel Bacon son of Rev. James Bacon, and grandson of Sir James of 
 Friston Hall, Suffolk, knighted in 1604, and buried in February, 1618. The 
 second husband of Councillor Bacon's mother, was Rev, Robert Peck a graduate 
 of Cambridge, rector of Hingham, England, more than 30 years, and for con 
 science sake came to Massachusetts Bay, in 1638, and was for several years 
 pastor of the Congregational church at Hingham, New England, but, in 1641, 
 went back to his church in old England and died its rector, in 1656, during the 
 Cromwellian period. 
 
 His daughter Anne Peck, married in New England, Major John Mason, the 
 conqueror of the Pequot Indians, in Connecticut. 
 
 Councillor Bacon was baptized JAagust 39, 1630, in St. Mary's parish. Bury 
 St, Edmonds, and in 1647, was residing in France. He arrived in Virginia, 
 about 1050, accompanied by hia wife Elizabeth, whose maiden name was Kings- 
 well. Notices of his cousin Nathaniel, also, of the Virginia Council will be 
 lound in later chapters of this work. 
 
244 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Eandolph was elected clerk in the place of Major Charles 
 Norwood.' 
 
 The Assembly of 1656, enacted : " For encouragement of 
 the ministers in the country, and that they may be better 
 enabled to attend both publick commands and their private 
 cares ; It is ordered, that from henceforth each minister, in 
 his owne person, with six other servants of his family shall 
 be free from publique levies ; AUwaies provided they be 
 examined by Mr. Philip Mallory and Mr. John [Roger ? ] 
 Green and they to certify their abilities to the Governour 
 and CounciU, who are to proceed according to their judg- 
 ment." 
 
 It is probable that each congregation was at liberty to 
 worship with, or without, the Prayer Book. Gatford in his 
 treatise "Public Good without Private Interest " dedicated 
 to Cromwell does not give a pleasing account of the religious 
 condition of Virginia at this period. He refers to the 
 majority of the colonists "as these wicked and ungodly 
 wretches heretofore planted there," and while admitting 
 that there are some ministers "rehgious and laborious" 
 yet there were "not a few, whose wicked and profane 
 lives cause the worship of God not only to be slighted, 
 but to be little less than abhored." Of them he further 
 writes : "The greatest part of them are such as went over 
 thither not out of any desire or design to do God, and that 
 Plantation, much less the poor heathen, thereto adjoining, 
 any service, but out of some by aims and ends of their own, 
 
 ' Cbarles Norwood ]may^have returned to England and be the same CliarUs 
 who served at Tangiers under Col. Henry Norwood, Henry Randolph had a son 
 William who died before 1660, The father died In 1673. 
 
VIBGINIA GAROLOBUM. 245 
 
 being indeed such as were ashamed or afraid to hve any- 
 longer here in this native [England] or at least, such as 
 sought only to get something for themselves." Eeference 
 is made to a minister who was accused of a shameless and 
 unnatural act who " was only caused to stand in some pub- 
 lic place, for a small time, with a paper in his hat, with his 
 crime written therein. Where on the other side, in the 
 year 1655, other eminent able preachers indeed, were for no 
 crime, unless, for being of a different judgment, in our late 
 unhappy differences, * * * turned out of their employ- 
 ment and livelihood." 
 
 An alarm was created by the appearance in 1656, near the 
 Falls of James Eiver, of some strange Indians called Richa- 
 heeriaus, from the western mountains, and Ool. Edward 
 Hill, with one hundred men, was sent to confer with them, 
 and avoid if possible blood-shedding. Tottopottomoy with 
 one hundred Pamunkeys also accompanied Hill, and this 
 chief was slain in a fight with the strangers. The conduct of 
 Hill in this campaign was severely censured, the Assembly 
 suspended him from all offices civil and military, and Ool. 
 Abraham Wood was appointed to take his place as com- 
 mander of the regiment of Charles City and Henrico. Gat- 
 ford writes of this affair: " The Planters did lately, viz. Ano. 
 1656, (when a numerous people of the Indians more remote 
 from the Colonie, came down to treat with the English about 
 setling of Peace, and withall a liberty of trade with them) 
 most perfidiously and barbarously (after a declaration of their 
 desires and intentions) murfcher five of their Kings that came 
 in expectation of a better reception, and brought much beaver 
 witb them to begin the intercourse of the commerce. This 
 unparallel'd hellish treachery and anti-christian perfidy 
 
246 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 more to be detested than any heathenish inhumanity, can- 
 not but stink most abominably in tlie nosethils of as many 
 Indians, as shall be infested with the least sent of it, even 
 to their perpetual abhorring and abandoning of the very 
 sight and name of an English man, till some new genera- 
 tion of a better extract shall be transplanted among them." ' 
 
 In reference to this. Gatf or^ writes. ' ' The Planters have 
 turned some of the Indians out of their places of abode and 
 subsistence, after that the Indians have submitted to the 
 Colony, and to their government, and have taken up their 
 own lands, after the custom, used by the Colony. As they did 
 otherwise also very unchristianly requite the service which 
 one of the Indian kings did them in fighting against other 
 Indians, that were presumed to be enemies to the English, 
 and to draw towards them, to do them mischief. For that, 
 when, the said King desirous to show his fidehty to the 
 English, if not in obedience to some of their commander's 
 orders, did adventure too far with his own Indians, in the 
 pursuit of those other Indians, and thereby lost his life in 
 that action, as some report, though others thought him to be 
 taken alive by the enemies . His wife and children that were 
 by him, at his expiring, recommended to the care of the 
 English ***** were so far from receiving the 
 favour and kind usage, merited by their father, that they 
 were wholly neglected, and exposed to shift for themselves. 
 
 " And though it be alleged by some, as to the former part 
 of this grievance, that the portion of land which was taken 
 from the said King, before his death, by an English colonel 
 
 ■ " Public Good_ without Private Interest p. 8. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 247 
 
 was acknowledged openly in court, yet 'tis generally be- 
 lieved, and by some stoutly asserted, that the said King 
 was affrighted, and threatened into that acknowledgment, 
 by the said Colonel." 
 
 Col. Thomas Dew^ of the Council was empowered, with 
 others, to explore the rivers between Cape Hatteras and 
 Cape Fear. The people of Virginia had grown weary of the 
 attempt to restore their old boundaries. Lord Baltimore, by 
 his adherence to CromwelP, had great power with Parlia- 
 
 ' Henry Woodhouse when Governor of Bermudas, wrote to London in 1627, 
 tbat one-third of the settlers were disposed to go to Virginia. Among the 
 prominent planters there were Thomas Dew and Ben. Harrison. They were pro- 
 bably the same persons with these names who a few years after are planters in 
 Virginia. 
 
 " Cromwell's letters show the conflicting interest. On January 13, 1654-5, he 
 wrote to Governor Bennett of Virginia. 
 
 " Sir : Whereas the differences between the Lord Baltimore and the inhabi- 
 tants of Virginia, concerning the bounds by them respectively claimed, are de- 
 pending before our council, and yet undetermined ; and whereas we are credibly 
 informed, you have notwithstanding gone unto his plantation in Maryland, and 
 countenance some people there in opposing the Lord Baltimore's officers, 
 whereby, and with other forces from Virginia, you have much disturbed that 
 colony, and people, to the engendering of tumults, and much bloodshed there, 
 if not prevented : 
 
 "We, therefore, at the request of the Lord Baltimore, and divers other persons 
 of quality here, who are engaged by great adventures in his interest, do, for pre- 
 venting of disturbances or tumults there, will, and require you, and all others 
 deriving any authority from you, to forbear disturbing the Lord Baltimore, or 
 his officers, or his people in Maryland, and to permit all things to remain as they 
 were before any disturbance or alteration made by you, or by any other, upon 
 pretence of authority from you, till the said differences above mentioned be de- 
 termined by us here and we give further order herein. We rest your loving 
 friend, 
 
 "Oliver P." 
 
 The above letter was written upon, hearing from only one side, in the contro- 
 versy, but upon farther information the Protector wrote. 
 
248 VIRGINIA CAROL ORUM. 
 
 ment, therefore this Assembly directed that "letters be 
 sent to Colonel Samuel Mathews, and Mr. Bennett, in 
 respect of the differences with Lord Baltimore, concerning 
 our bounds is as far from determination, as at first, that 
 they desist until further orders from this country." 
 
 In view of a contemplated visit of Governor Digges, to 
 London, Col. Samuel Mathews was elected as his suc- 
 cessor,^ and it was ordered that Francis Morison, the 
 speaker, should prepare a letter to be taken by Digges for 
 the Protector Cromwell, and his Secretary of State, John 
 Thurloe. 
 
 " Whitehall, 36th September, 1655. 
 " SiKS : It seems to us, by yours of the twenty -ninth of June, and by the relation 
 we received by Colonel Bennett, that some mistake, or scruple hath arisen con- 
 cerning the sense of our Letters, of the twelfth of January last, as if by our 
 Letters we had intimated that we should have a stop put to the proceedings 
 of those Commissioners who were authorized to settle the Civil Government of 
 Maryland. Which was not at all intended by lis ; nor so much as proposed to 
 us, by those, who made addresses to us, to obtain our said Letters. 
 
 " But our intention (as our Letter doth plainly import) was only to prevent, and 
 forbid any force or violence to be offered by either of the plantations of Vir- 
 ginia or Maryland, from one, to the other, upon the difference concerning their 
 bonds, the said differences being then under the consideration of Ourself and 
 Council here. Which, for your more full satisfaction we have thought fit to 
 signify to you, and rest 
 
 " Your loving friend, 
 
 " Olivek p." 
 
 The above was addressed " To the Commissioners of Maryland." 
 
 ' Col. Samuel Mathews who was still in England. The Record of this Assem- 
 bly, mentions; '' Edward Digges Esq., at present Governor, to continue and re- 
 tain during his abode in the country, and in the interim Col Samuel Mathews 
 Governor elect to take place next to him in Council." It was also arranged 
 that after Digges ceased to be Governor, he should be of the Council, and take 
 place after Capt. John West. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 249 
 
 The Assembly's letter to Cromwell was as follows : 
 ' ' May it please your Highness, 
 
 " We could not find a fitter means to represent the condi- 
 tion of this country to you, than this worthy person Mr. 
 Digges, our late Governor, whose occasions calling him 
 into England we have instructed him with the state of this 
 place as he left it ; we shall beseech your Highness to give 
 credit to his relations, which we assure ourselves will be 
 fruitful, having had many experiences of his candor in the 
 time of his government, which he hath managed under 
 your Highness with so much moderation, prudence and 
 justice, that we should be much longer in expressing this 
 truth, but that we fear to have already too much trespassed 
 by interrupting your Highness's most serious thoughts in 
 greater affairs than what can concern your Highness's most 
 humble, most devoted servant. Dated in the Assembly of 
 Virginia, 16th Dec. 1656." 
 
 The arrival of Digges in England with his conciliatory dis- 
 position, and powerful social influences, did much to settle 
 the long pending controversy, and on the 30th of Novem- 
 ber, 1657, articles of agreement in the presence of Digges, 
 and others, were signed by Lord Baltimore, and Commis- 
 sioner Samuel Matthews of Virginia. The paper mentions 
 ** that Lord Baltimore, upon a treaty with the said Eichard 
 Bennett and Colonel Samuel Mathews, occasioned by the 
 friendly endeavors of Edward Digges Esq'r, about the com- 
 posure of the said differences." The agreement was to the 
 effect that if those in Maryland would deliver up to Lord 
 Baltimore's Governor and officers, the records of the Pro- 
 vince, and the great seal if it could be found, that he would 
 32 
 
250 VIRGINIA CABOLORXTM. 
 
 leave all offences that may have arisen to be determined in 
 the way the Protector of England and his Council should 
 direct; that patents should be issued to those who had 
 claimed lands during the difiiculties ; that all who wished 
 to remove from Maryland should have leave to do so any 
 time within a year ; and 
 
 "Lastly, the Lord Baltimore doth promise, that he will 
 never give his assent to the repeal of a law established here- 
 tofore in Maryland, by his lordship's consent,' whereby all 
 persons professing to believe in Jesus Christ, have freedom 
 of conscience there." 
 
 The opinions of Cromwell relative to toleration in reli- 
 gion, were in advance of his age.^ In a letter to Cardinal 
 
 ' The law was framed by the Marylanders in 1649, and, in 1650, Lord Balti- 
 more gave his consent thereto. 
 
 Thomas Harrison,^he Nansemond clergyman, in his letter to Winthrop, re- 
 joiced in the Act, passed by Parliament, in 1647, by which persons were no more 
 compelled to go to parish churches, this is what he called "that golden apple 
 the ordinance of toleration." He was not however, in favor, like Roger Williams, 
 and Patrick Copland, of unrestricted religious liberty. He thought that in each 
 community those only should be tolerated who believed in the doctrines of the 
 early creed, and the sacrament of baptism, and the Lord's Supper. He would 
 not tolerate those who denied the divinity of Christ, or the importance of infant 
 baptism. The "Act concerning, religion passed by the Maryland Assembly 
 of 1649, with the approbation of the Virginia Puritans, carried out the views of 
 Harrison, and to deny the doctrine of the Trinity made one liable to death and 
 confiscation of goods. 
 
 'But a few days before he wrote the letter to the Maryland Commissioners, in 
 a speech delivered on September 17th, 1656, at the assembling of Parliament he 
 said : " Our practice since the last Parliament hath been to let all this Nation 
 see, that whatever pretentions to Religion would continue quiet, peaceable, they 
 should enjoy conscience and liberty to themselves, and not to n.ake religion a 
 pretence for arms and blood. Truly we have suflFered them, and that cheerfully, 
 so to enjoy their own liberties. Whatsoever is contrary and ' not peaceable' 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 251 
 
 Mazarin, whom he calls a "brother and confederate," he 
 expresses his intention to make " further progress," in his 
 living toward Eoman Catholics, and shows that the Cardinal 
 was in sympathy with him against the royal family, then 
 in exile, in France. Alluding to the friend of Charles the 
 Second, Sir John Berkeley, the brother of the Virginia 
 Governor, and the tutor of the Duke of York, he wrote to his 
 Eminency' : " I did fear that Berkeley would not have been 
 able to go through and carry on that work ; and that either 
 the Duke would have cooled in his suit, or condescended to 
 his brother. * * * * jf j a,m not mistaken in his, the 
 Duke's character, as I received it from your Eminency, that 
 fire which is kindled between them will not ask bellows to 
 blow it, and keep it burning. * * * * if this breach be 
 widened a little more, and this difference fomented, with a 
 little caution in respect of the persons to be added to it, I 
 distrust not but that Party which is already forsaken of 
 
 let the pretence be never so specious, if it tend to combination, to interest, and 
 factions, we shall not care by the grace of God when we meet withal, though 
 never so specious, if they be not quiet. 
 
 " And truly I am against all liberty of conscience repugnant to this. If men 
 will profess, be they those under Baptism, be they those of the Independent 
 judgment simply, or of the Presbyterian judgment, in the name of God, encour- 
 age them, countenance them, so long as they do plainly continue to be thankful 
 to God, and to make use of the liberty to enjoy their own consciences." 
 
 ' Cromwell, and the Republicans considered it good policy to enlist the Roman 
 Catholic element of England against the royalists. A daughter of Christopher 
 Wandesforde, whose father had been a confidential adviser of the Earl of 
 Strafford, and succeeded him as Deputy of Ireland, mentions a meeting 
 held in her uncle's house, in London, of the Close committee of Parliament to 
 consult about the King's trial, and that Mr. Rushworth kept the key of the 
 room, in which they met, and to which the members privately repaired. One 
 morning he saw several disguised faces enter, " particularly, he knew the Lord 
 Baltimore, * * * and others suspected to be Papists, or fanatics, which 
 strange mixture did much surprize him," 
 
252 VIRGINIA GAROLORVM. 
 
 God * * * and noisome to their countrymen, will grow 
 lower in the opinion of all the world " 
 
 When the articles of peace were signed by the Virginia 
 and Maryland representatives, a ship was on its way to 
 Chesapeake Bay, and toward the close of December, 1657, 
 landed in Virginia two preachers of the Society of Friends, 
 Josiah Coale, and Thomas Thurston, whose presence created 
 an uproar, and they were treated as disturbers of the peace. 
 It cannot be denied, that some of the people, called 
 "Friends of Truth," during the Cromwellian era, had a 
 " zeal without knowledge," and made themselves ridiculous. 
 That once sturdy soldier, James Nayler, led captive by silly 
 women, and addressed as the " fairest among ten thousand " 
 as he rode through the streets of Bristol, preceded by ad- 
 mirers, strewing the road, with their scarfs, shawls, and 
 handkerchiefs, was of course, laughed at by thoughtless 
 boys, insulted by foul-mouthed men, and pitied by charita- 
 ble citizens. 
 
 William Penn, always calm, and reasonable, in public 
 discourse, mentions that under a wild enthusiasm, one of 
 the gentler sex, in England divested herself of the garments 
 of delicacy, to symbolize the nakedness of the world, where 
 "all is show and counterfeit," but, no one even supposed, 
 that she was not "clothed on with chastity," as much as the 
 woman of the legend, who rode, naked, through the town, 
 
 " Godiva, wife to that grim Earl, who ruled 
 " In Coventry. " 
 
 The first preachers who entered Virginia, calling upon 
 men to repent, like John the Baptist did in the wilderness, 
 excited serious thought in few minds, but the vigorous 
 opposition of many. As they violated the Colonial Statutes, 
 
VmaiNIA CAROLORUM. 258 
 
 they were at length thrown in prison, and when released 
 compelled to leave the country. With Thomas Chapman ' 
 of Virginia who appears to have been a convert, they entered 
 Maryland where they were subject to scourgings, and ex- 
 pelled the Province. Passing northward, they soon were 
 beyond the cabin of any white settler. For food, they de- 
 pended largely upon the berries, and chestnuts, of the forest, 
 and often were fed by the Susquehannocks, a tribe whose 
 wigwams they found. In a publication printed in London, 
 called "The Deceiver of the Nations discovered, and his 
 Cruelty made manifest more especially his Cruel Works of 
 Darkness laid open, and reproved in Mariland and Vir- 
 ginia," the writer' mentions that "the Indians whom they 
 judge to be heathen exceeded in kindness, in courtesies, in 
 love and mercy, unto them, who were strangers." 
 
 During the Cromwellian era, there was an increase of popu- 
 lation, upoH the Virginia side of the Potomac north of York 
 river. From Governor Bennett on November 2Y, 1664, Giles 
 Brent, who had been Deputy Governor of Maryland, ob- 
 tained a large grant of land, and Brent's Point is still known. 
 His strong minded sister whose relation to Govern or Leon 
 ard Calvert had been so peculiar, and intimate, the next 
 year, received a grant from Governor Digges. Among 
 other settlers were Kichard Lee,^ Henry Corbin, Isaac AUer- 
 
 ' A Thomas Chapman in 1610, came to Virginia in the ship "Trial" and his 
 wife Ann came in 1617, in the " George." In 1623, a son named Thomas was 
 born, and it living would at this period have been thirty-five years of age. 
 
 " Francis Howgill, published A.D., 1660. 
 
 Jljpoi^his father's tombstone, is the following long inscription. 
 
 "Herelyeth interred the Body of Sr. Eobert Lee Knt., Sonne and heire of 
 Benedict Lee of Hucoott, in the county of Bucks,, who was sepond brother to 
 
254 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 ton, William Ball, John and Lawrence "Washington. Eich- 
 ard Lee, said to have been one of the sons of a poor knight 
 with a large family, was in the Colony, as early as 1642, and 
 in 1647, was a Burgess from York County. He identified 
 himself with the Cromwellian party, and in 1655, was in Eng- 
 land. In September, he secured passage to return upon the 
 ship " Anthony," but at G-ravesend, his trunk was seized by 
 the searcher of customs, containing two hundred ounces of 
 silver plate, which was afterwards released because of 
 " Colonel Lee being faithful, and useful, to the interest of 
 the commonwealth." Henry Corbin, born in Warwickshire 
 about 1629, in July, 1645, married Alice, daughter of 
 Kichard Eltonhead' of Eltonhead of Lancashire, England, 
 
 Sir Robert Lee of Birdsthorn. He was born at Helstrop in the Pr'sh of Drayton 
 Beauchamp, Ao Di'ni, 1545, and married Dame Luce Piggott daughter to Tho's 
 Piggott of Beachampton, in ye county of Bucks, Esq., by whom lie had issue 
 VIII sonnes viz : Sir Henry Lee K't a Baronett, Edward, Bennett, Thomas, 
 George, Robert, Richard, and Anthouie, and VI daughters Frances, Elizab. , Mary, 
 Margaret, Joyce, and Alice : when he had been married 55 years he dep'ted 
 this life in the faith of Jesus Christ at Statford Langton in ye County of Essex, 
 and was buried at Hardwick Ao. D'ni 1616, Aug. 30, iEtatis 73." 
 
 The first wife of Richard Lee, the immigrant, was Elizabeth daughter of Wil- 
 liam Langdon, of the County of Cornwall, and widow of Nicholas Manyard. It 
 is remarkable that ou the tomb-stone of Richard Lee Councillor, son of the first 
 Richard, it should be mentioned that he is of an old and honorable family in 
 Shropshire, without any allusion to the Knight of Essex. 
 
 ' William Eltonhead, a son of Richard of Lancashire, came in 1654, to Mary- 
 land as a special messenger from Lord Baltimore, and was shot in the skirmish 
 at Severn river between the»partisans of Parliament and Lord Baltimore. 
 
 Henry Corbin by his wife Alice, had : 
 
 Henry ^ who died in infancy. 
 
 Tlwmat, who became a London merchant. 
 
 Qawiihy whose first wife was Catherine, daughter of Ralph Wormely of 
 Middlesex Co., Va. 
 
 Letitia, married Richard Lee of Westmoreland Co., Va. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 255 
 
 and in 1654, arrived in Virginia. Isaac Allerton* settled 
 near Wicomico after 1654, was a graduate of Harvard 
 A.D., 1650, and his mother was a Brewster, the daughter 
 of the celebrated leader of the Puritans who landed, 
 from the "May Flower," at Plymouth Eock, Massa- 
 chusetts. The families of these men were intimate, and 
 the children intermarried,^ and in 1670, * AUerton, John 
 Lee*, Henry Corbin, and Thomas Gerard agreed to build a 
 banqueting house, at a point convenient to their residences. 
 Thomas Gerrard lived not far from Isaac AUerton, at 
 Masthotick Creek, the southern border of Westmoreland 
 county. Like the Brents he had been prominent in the pro- 
 vince of Maryland. He was the brother-in-law of Justinian 
 Snow, the first factor of the Maryland province, called by a 
 Jesuit journalist of the period an "obstinate heretic," 
 while Gerard professed to be an adherent of the Church of 
 Rome. He was a physician, and privy councillor in Mary- 
 
 Alice, married Philip Lightfoot of Middlesex Co., Va. 
 
 Winifred, married Le Roy QrifiSn. 
 
 Ann, married William Tayloe of London who settled, and in 1694, died in 
 Virginia. 
 
 Prances, married Edmund Jennings of Rippon, .Torkshire, died in London 
 Nov. 23, 1713. 
 
 ' John Davenport, minister of New Haven, on the 27th of 7th month, 1654, in 
 a letter to John Winthrop Jr. Dep. Gov. of Connecticut, referring to Dr. Choyse? 
 writes " He is now upon a voyage for Virginia with Mr. AUerton." 
 
 = Hancock, son of Richard Lee, married Elizabeth a daughter of Isaac AUerton. 
 
 'Richard Lee the immigrant, died before September, 1666. In Palmer's 
 Calendar of Virginia State Papers is the following : " Writ issued by Ira Kirk- 
 ham (Cl'k Sept. 35, 1666), to sherifE of Westmoreland county requiring the 
 arrest of Mr. John Lee, one of the executors of the last will and testament of 
 Col. Ric'd. Lee to appear before Governor and Council on 3d day of next Qen'l 
 
 Court, in the forenoon, to answer the suit of Edward Lisbro as marrying 
 
 Anne, relict of the said Col. Lee." 
 
256 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 land but in 1658, had an unpleasant controversy with a Jesuit 
 missionary, name Fitz Herbert, who threatened to excom- 
 municate him, because he did not bring his wife and child- 
 ren to church, and Fitz Herbert also reported that he had 
 ' ' beaten an Irish servant because she had refused to be a 
 Protestant or go to Prayer with those of his family, that 
 were so." 
 
 He was also accused of being intemperate, and opposed to 
 the friends of Lord Baltimore. Upon these last charges, he 
 was tried, deposed from the Council, and declared incapa- 
 ble of holding any office. After this, he removed to Vir- 
 ginia, and was the neighbor of Isaac AUerton, and in 1670, 
 arranged with his neighbors to build a " banqueting house." 
 On Feb. 5, 1672, he made his will, and therein expressed his 
 wish, to buried by the side of his wife, Susanna Snow, in 
 Maryland, and Major Isaac AUerton and John Lee were 
 appointed to settle his estate. 
 
 Not far from these, settled John and Lawrence Washing- 
 ton, of whose ancestry nothing is definitely known. ^ In 
 
 ' JoBeph L. Chester L.LD., D. C. L., the late eminent editor and annotator of 
 Westminister Abbey Registers in a letter of Sept, 8, 1877, wrote to me : " In your 
 Founders of Maryland is a letter of jJohn Washington. Can you, by any 
 means, obtain for me a fac-simile, or tracing, of his signature ? I have lately 
 come upon a Deed, which I have strong reasons to think is his, and if, on a 
 comparison of the two signatures this should prove to be the case, I think my 
 long protracted labors on the Washington history would come to an end." Dr. 
 Chester did not succeed, before his death, in finding in Virginia an autograph of 
 John Washington and having completely destroyed the pedigree as given by 
 Sparks and Irving, nothing positive is known. 
 
 General Washington, in a letter to the Earl of Buchan, mentions that his 
 ancestor was a relative of the Fairfaxes of the north of England, to whom 
 Buchan was allied. Henry Fairfax sheiifE of Torkshire and Henry Washington, 
 married sisters Anna and Eleanora Harrison of South Cave, yorkshire. Henry 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOMUM. 267 
 
 1658, John, the ancestor of the illustrious and first president 
 of the United States of America, reached the Chesapeake 
 Bay in a ship owned by Edward Prescott, and the master 
 of which was John Greene. During the voyage from Eng- 
 land the crew became excited and declared that one of the 
 passengers, Elizabeth Eichardson, was a witch, and when 
 near the Western Islands hung her, and threw her body into 
 the sea. John Washington, as the ship was consigned to 
 Maryland, made complaint to the Provincial Court,' and 
 
 Wasliington died in 1718, and his widow Eleanora lived in St. Andrew's, Holborn, 
 London. Her eldest son Richard was born at South Cave in 1690, and another 
 child waf> born there, she had five other children at Doncaster or in London. 
 Perhaps Richard Washington who died in Barbadoea in 1747, was a son of 
 Richard, and grandson of -Henry. General Washington corresponded with a 
 Richard Washington of London who may liave been the son of the Barbadoes 
 Richard. In the autumn of 1751, George Washington took his sick brother 
 Lawrence, to the Barbadoes. From a lelter of Theodore Pargiter dated London, 
 Aug. 2, 1654, it is learned tliat he Imd a cousin John Washington at Barbadoes. 
 Could this be the John who came to Virginia? See Waters' GHeauiugs in N. tt. 
 Hist. Qen. Begister October, 1884. 
 
 In a footnote on page 137 " Founders of Maryland," Munsell, Albany, 1876, 
 Henry, the husband of Eleanor Harrison, by carelessness, is called Richard 
 Washington. And, " it is probable that John Washington" in the same note 
 should read ; It is probable that Richard of Barbadoes. As it now reads, it is 
 without sense . 
 
 ' Governor Fendall of Maryland on behalf of the Council of Maryland on Oct. 
 5, 1659, issued the following : 
 
 ''Whbeeas John Washington of Westmoreland County in Virginia hath 
 made complaynt ag'st Edward Prescott Merch't, Accusing ye s'd Prescott of 
 ffelony, and the Gouernor of this Province alleging how that hee ye s'd Prescott 
 hanged a witch on his ship as hee was outward bound from England hither, 
 the last yeare upon wch complaynt of ye s'd Washington, Gou'r caused ye s'd 
 Edward Prescott to bee arrested. Taking Bond for his appearance at this Provin- 
 cial Court of 4000 lbs. Tobacco Gyving moreover notice to ye s'd Washington by 
 letter of his proceedings therein (a copie of wch Herewth ye s'd' Washington 
 answers thereto as followeth. 
 
 ' " Mr. Washington Vpon yor complaynt to me yt Mr. Prescott did in his voy- 
 age from England, hither, cause a woman to bee executed for a witch I have 
 
 33 
 
258 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 Prescott the owner of the ship was held for trial. Prescott 
 appeared in October, 1659, and declared that as owner.of 
 the ship he had protested against the hanging, but that the 
 Captain and sailors would not listen to his remonstrance, and 
 he was discharged. A writer of the period, alludes to such 
 occurrences. His words are : "Another wickedness which 
 some traders thither have practised upon their passengers 
 
 caused him to be apprehended uppon suspition of ffelony & I've intend to bind 
 him over to the Provincial Court to answere it, when I doe allso expect you 
 to bee to make good ye charge. Hee will be called upon ye 4th and 5th of 
 October next at ye Court then to be held at Patux't neeare Mr. ffemvick's house 
 where I suppose you will not fayle to bee. Witnesses examined in Virginia 
 will bee of no value here, in this case, for this must be face to face with ye party 
 accused or they stand for nothing. I thought good to acquaynt you with this 
 that you may not come unprovided. This at present Sir, is all from 
 
 ' "Yor ffriend JosiAS Pendall. 
 " 29th September." ' 
 
 On the next day, John Washington answered. 
 
 " Hon'ble S'r Yors of this 29th instant, this day I received. I am soriy y't 
 my extraordinary occasions will not permitt me to bee at ye next Provincial 
 Court to bee held at Mary Land ye 4th of this next mouth. 
 
 " Because then, God willing, I intend to gett'my young sonne baptized. All ye 
 company and Gossips being already invited. Besides, in this short time witnesses 
 cannot bee gott to come over. But if Mr. Prescott bee bound to answer at ye 
 next Provincial Court after this, I shall doe what lyeth in my power to get them 
 over. Sr. I shall desire you for to acquaynt mee whether Mr. Prescott be bound 
 over to ye next Court, and when, ye Court is, that I may have sometime for to 
 provide evidence. 
 
 " Yo'r iiriend & Serv't 
 
 " John WASHiNOTOiir." 
 " 30th Sept. 1659." 
 
 " To wch complaynt of John Washington the s'd Edward Prescott submitting 
 himselfe to his tryall denyeth not but that there was one Elizabeth Richardson 
 hanged on his ship as he was outward Bound ye last yeare from England and 
 coming for this province, neare unto ye Western Island by his Master & Com- 
 pany (hee having appointed one John Greene for yt voyage Master), though 
 himselfe was both Mercht & owner of ye ship. But further sayth That he wth 
 stood ye proceedings of his s'd Master & Company & protested ag'st them in 
 that business. And that thereupon both ye Master & Company were ready to 
 mutiny.'' 
 
VIMOIJSriA CAROLOBUM. 259 
 
 (scarce ever heard of before, much less practised by any 
 that call them selves Christians) ib this, When a storm or 
 tempest hath happened at sea in their passage from hence, 
 thither, or they have otherwise miscarried, through the 
 default of the Master or Pilot of the ship, so that their 
 passage hath been tedious and difficult : Some of those Mas- 
 ters have laide all the blame upon some of their passengers; 
 and not onely accused them for vpitches, but executed some 
 of them as witches, by their own authority, and without 
 any legal trial and conviction." 
 
 John Washington of Westmoreland, in 1661, was a war- 
 den of White Chapel in Lancaster county. His brother 
 Lawrence lived a few miles from him, on the banks of the 
 Eappahannock river, Francis Doughty, a brother-in-law of 
 Groveruor Stone of Maryland, the father-in-law of Hugh 
 O'Neal of Patuxent, formerly, the minister of the English 
 speaking members, of the Eeformed Church, at Manhattan, 
 now New York city, was for a time in charge of Setting - 
 bourne Parish, and among the records of Essex county, Va., 
 there is the complaint of John Catlett, and Humphrey 
 Boothe, to Governor Berkeley, that he was a non-confor- 
 mist, and that " he denied the supremacy of the King, 
 contrary to the canons of the church of England" and re- 
 fused to allow them ' ' to communicate in the blessed ordi- 
 nance of the Lord's Supper." 
 
 William Ball' perhaps the person of that name in the 
 Visitation of Cheshire "a soldier under Sir Thomas Fair- 
 
 ' He died in 1630, and Brock mentions, tliat. lie left two sons, William and 
 Joseph, and a daughter Hannali. Around White Chapel church there is a 
 fpmbslone over the grave of David Ball ; and of JMaj-y Ann Ball the daughter 
 
260 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 fax," came from England in 1650, and settled at the mouth 
 of Corotoman river in Lancaster county, and attended White 
 Chapel church of which John Washington was warden. 
 
 Some distance below these planters, at Carter's Creek, on 
 the upper side, and not far from the mouth of York Eiver, 
 in 1648, Lewis Burwell a planter of character entered a large 
 tract of land, and in 1650, obtained a grant of sixteen hun- 
 dred and fifty acres in Northumberland county. He died 
 in 1656, and was buried' at Fairfield on Carter's Creek. 
 
 Samuel Mathews having returned from England, as Gro- 
 vernor and Captain General attended the Legislative Assem- 
 bly of March 13th, 1657-8, convened at Jamestown. The 
 former G-overnor Eichard Bennett became a member of the 
 
 of Rev. Jolin Bertrand. A daughter of Richard Lee of Ditchley was the third 
 wife of James Ball. A Mary Ball married a Washington, whose son, was the 
 " first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." 
 
 ' On his tombstone is the following: " To the loving memory of Major Lewis 
 Burwell, of the County of Gloucester in Virginia, gentleman, who descended 
 from the ancient family of the Burwells, of the County of Bedford, and North- 
 ampton, iu England, who nothing more worthy in his birth, than virtuous in 
 life, exchanged this life for a better on the 19tU day of November, in the thirty- 
 third year of his age A.D., 1658." 
 
 Meade mentions the following inscriptions at Carter's Creek upon stones mark- 
 ing the resting place.s of the wives of Lewis Burwell, father and son. 
 
 "To the sacred memory of Abigail, the loving and beloved wife of Major 
 Lewis Burwell of the County of Gloucester, Gent, who was descended of the 
 illustrious family of the Bacons, and heiress of Nathaniel Bacon, Esq., Presi- 
 dent of Virginia, who, not being more honorable in )\er birth, than virtuous in 
 her life, departed this world, the 12th of November, 1672, aged 36 years, hav- 
 ing blessed her husband with four sons and six daughters." 
 
 This inscription seems to be to the memory of the wife of Lewis Burwell, 
 Senior. 
 
 " The daughter of Robert Higginaop, Sl^e died November 26th, 1675. She 
 was the wife of Major L. Burwell.'' 
 
VIBQIl^IA CAROLOBUM. 261 
 
 Council.' This Assembly is memorable for its discussion of 
 the principles of Eepublican government, and for the suc- 
 cessful assertion that the Burgesses were the representatives 
 of the people, and that in them was vested the power to 
 elect the Governor and Council. 
 
 On the first of April, 1658, the Governor announced that 
 the House of Burgesses* was dissolved, but the delegates 
 
 ' Council in Mabch 1658-9. 
 
 Eichard Bennett.' Capt. Henry Perry. 
 
 Col. W. Claiborne, Secretary. Col. George Reade ? 
 
 Col. John West. Lt. Col. Jolin "Walker 1 
 
 Col. Wm. Bernard. Col. Abra'm Wood. 
 
 Col. Thomas Dew. Col. John Carter. 
 
 Col. Obedience Robins. 
 
 Mr. W. Horsmanden. 
 Lt. Col. Anthony Elliot. 
 
 ' BuBGESSES Maeoh 13, 1657-8. 
 
 Henrico County. Major Wm. Harris. 
 
 Oliwrlea Oity Co. 
 
 Warham Horsmanden. Capt. Robert Wynne. 
 
 James City Co. 
 
 Hen. Soane. Thos. Loveinge. 
 
 Maj. R'd Webster. Wm. Corker. 
 
 Surrey County. 
 
 Lt. Col. Thos. Swann. Major Wm. Butler. 
 
 Wm. Edwards. Capt. Wm. Cawfield. 
 
 Upper Norfolk Go. 
 
 Lt. Col. Ed. Carter. Giles Webb. 
 
 Thomas Francis. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Col, John Sidney, • Major Leonard M^son, 
 
262 
 
 VIRGINIA CABOZORVM. 
 
 declared that the step was improper, and asked that he 
 would revoke the order. The Governor and his Council, 
 after deliberation, expressed a willingness to recede, if the 
 House would speedily adjoura, and refer the point in dis- 
 pute, to the Lord Protector of England, but the House was 
 not satisfied with this answer, and appointed a Committee, 
 consisting of Col. John Carter, Warham Horsmanden, John 
 Sidney, Thomas Swan, Eichard Webster, Jeremy Hain, 
 and William Mitchell to consider what were the rights of the 
 House and report thereon . They were of the opinion, after 
 
 Major William. 
 
 John Smith, Speaker. 
 
 Jeremy Haine. 
 
 Major John Bond. 
 Thos. Tabernor. 
 
 New Kent County. 
 
 Lt. Col. Anth. Elliot. 
 
 RouppahanTwck Co. 
 LancaUer Co. 
 
 Peter Montague. 
 Peter Knight. 
 
 William Kendall. 
 William Mellinge. 
 William Mitchell. 
 
 Mizabeth City Co. 
 
 John Powell. 
 
 Wanoick County. 
 
 Thomas Davis. 
 
 York County. 
 
 Robert Borne. 
 
 Isle of Wight Co. 
 
 John Brewer. 
 Joseph Bridger. 
 
 William Blacky. 
 
 Gloucester Co. 
 
 Capt. Thos. Ramsey 
 
 Thomas Luceur. 
 
 Col. John Carter. 
 
 Northumberland Co. 
 
 John Hanie. 
 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Randall Revell. 
 John Willcox. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 263 
 
 examining the Constitutions, and present form of govern- 
 ment, that the Burgesses were the representatives of the 
 people, and that they could not be dissolved, except by their 
 own consent. After this, the Governor appeared, and ac- 
 knowledged the supreme power of the House, to elect the 
 Governor and Council. The House then proceeded to the 
 election of Samuel Mathews as Governor, and twelve Coun- 
 cillors. Joseph Bridger an able and useful man, superin- 
 tended the erection of a brick church five miles south-east 
 from Smithfield. The first brick house in Virginia was 
 erected in 1638, at Jamestown, and this church was built 
 some years afterwards. The son of Joseph Bridger born in 
 1628, also named Joseph, may have been the member of 
 this Assembly^ He was paymaster of the troops during the 
 Bacon Rebellion, and a tombstone^ marks his remains in 
 Smithfield church-yard. William Michell, or Mitchell, a 
 member from Northampton county was not an ornament 
 
 " COTiNCiLLOHS, April, 1658. 
 
 John West. Henry Perry. 
 
 Thomas Pettus. George Eeade. 
 
 Thomas Hill. Abraham Wood. 
 
 Thomas Dew. John Carter. 
 
 William Bernard. Warham Horsmanden. 
 
 Obedience Robins. Anthony Ellyott. 
 
 = " Sacred 
 
 To ye Memory 'of 
 
 The Honble Joseph Bridger. 
 
 Esqr. Councilr. of State in Virginia 
 
 To King Charles ye 3d 
 
 Dying April ye 15, A. D., 1686 
 
 Aged 68 years Mournfully left 
 
 His Wife, 3 sons and 4 daughters." 
 
264 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 nor a blessing to the Colony, but an adventurer of ill fame 
 from Maryland. Lord Baltimore had, in 1650, made him a 
 Councillor, but soon deposed him. Leaving his wife in 
 England, he brought over in the ship which he commanded 
 several lewd women, and upon his arrival in the province 
 led a most scandalous life,^ and scoffed at Christianity. 
 
 Kandall Eevell a Burgess of the same county, followed the 
 trade of a cooper, and had been in 1638, a member of the 
 Maryland Assembly, and at a later period was quite promi- 
 nent in the affairs of the Eastern Shore. The Assembly in 
 March, 165Y-8, resolved that it was expedient to eject all 
 lawyers who were Burgesses, and submitted their decision 
 to the Governor and Council, who replied " The Governor 
 and Council will consent to this proposition so far as it shall 
 be agreeable to Magna Charta. " Wm. Claiborne." 
 
 "23Martii, 1657 [0. S.] 
 
 This communication was referred to a Committee who 
 reported : " We have considered Magna Charta, and do not 
 discover any prohibition contained therein," and the posi- 
 tion of the Assembly was maintained. 
 
 • Ann, a daughter of Elizabetli Bolton of St. Martin's in the Fields, Middlesex, 
 was hired as a servant, to act as governess, whom he harshly used, and then 
 sold to Francis Brooke, for a wife. 
 
 At a court held on June 33, 1653, at St. Mary, Thomas Cole, aged thirty-two 
 years, deposes : " That before coming out of England, he was at Mr. Edmond 
 Plowden's chamber. He asked me ' with whom I lived.' I replied ' Capt. Mit- 
 chell.' He persuaded me not to go with him to Virginia, and asked me ' of what 
 religion, he was, and whether I ever seen him go to Church ; ' I made answer ' L 
 never saw him to Church.' He replied, " that Captain Mitchell being among a 
 company of gentlemen, wondered that the world had been deluded, so many 
 hundred years, with a man and a pigeon,' referring to Christ and the Holy Spirit." 
 
VIEGINIA CAJS.OLOMUM. 265 
 
 At this period few English ships arrived, and Dutch 
 vessels were prohibited, so that trade was stagnant. Lady- 
 Newport, in England, under date of July 14, 1658 wrote : 
 " My daughter Bromley has a son come from Virginia, he 
 has been there almost four years, and there is no profit to 
 be had there, trading is poor.'" 
 
 Among the last official acts of Governor Mathews was the 
 sending a letter' dated August 24, 1659, to Governor Fen- 
 dall of Maryland asking him to co-operate, with an expedi- 
 tion, under Col. Edmund Scarboi'ough, against the Assatea- 
 guo band of Indians, dwelling upon the Eastern Shore near 
 the boundary line of Virginia and Maryland. 
 
 Scarborough, then at Occahannock, on the 28th forwarded 
 the letter, which by some delay did not reach the Maryland 
 Governor until the 23d of the next nionth, and mentioned 
 that it was his intention in ten days to move with three 
 hundred men, and sixty horses, and establish a garrison 
 
 ' Sir Eicbard Newport in October, 1642, was created Baron Newport, bis wife 
 was Rachel, sister of Sir Richard Leveson, bis daughter Beatrix married Sir 
 Henry Bromley Kt., of Salop, and his son was, probably, the person who bad 
 been in Virginia. 
 
 • " The Concear)ie of saftie depending on those persons in trust hath directed 
 the Intelligence of our present designes against the Assatage Indians and Con- 
 federals, which we baue accomodated with sufficient forces now presumeing 
 the advantage of this opportunity, lying before you reasons politicall will 
 press your Endeavours to assault the Comon Enemy who soe long triumphed in 
 the ruines of Christian bloud, that warr on the Sea Side willbe on our parts 
 prosecuted, and if the Nanticoke and confederats be the Subject of your lik6 
 Designe, it may, if not vtterly extinguish yet sufficiently Subject the insolen- 
 cicB of those Indians who now despise the English bonnour. Vse and improue 
 this from 
 
 " Tour humble Servant 
 
 "Samuel Mathews," 
 " Aug. 24, 1659. 
 
 84 
 
266 VIRGINIA GABOLORVM. 
 
 on the sea-side of the Eastern Shore, and then search for 
 the Indians toward the head of Wicocomoko or Pocomoke 
 river. Governor Fendall replied that he would consult 
 with his Councillors, and on October 9 th at Patuxent it was 
 decided to be inexpedient to engage in a war with the Assa- 
 teagues, the cause of which was not mentioned in the Vir- 
 ginia Governor's letter. The expedition upon the part of 
 the Virginians was not abandoned, as the Assembly at 
 Jamestown in March, 1660, made an appropriation to defray 
 the expenses of the " late war in Accomack." 
 
 At an Assembly convened in March 1658-9,' was chosen 
 the " Honourable Colonel Samuel Mathews Governour, and 
 
 'Burgesses Mabch, 1658-9. 
 
 Htnrico County. William Hatcher. 
 
 Charles City Co. 
 
 Col. Ed. Hill, Speaker. Warham Horsmandein 
 
 James City Co. 
 
 Walter Chiles. Capt.Tho's Foulke. 
 
 Capt. W. Whittacre. Capt. Matt. Edlowe. 
 
 Surrey Co. 
 
 Capt. George Jordan. Capt. Wm. Cawfield. 
 
 Thomas Warren. 
 
 Isle of Wight Co. 
 
 Col. Robert Pitt. Capt. English. 
 
 Major John Bond. James Pyland. 
 
 Upper Norfolk Co. 
 
 Lt. Col. Ed. Carter. Giles Webb. 
 
 Capt. Tho's Goodwyn. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 Col. John Sidney. Lemuel Mason. 
 
VJJiGIJSriA OABOLOBUM. 
 
 267 
 
 Captain General for two years," and at the expiration of 
 that period it was enacted that the next Governor should 
 be elected from the Councillors, who henceforward should 
 hold office for life unless impeached for misdemeanors. The 
 Council refused to accept the life tenure, and the next ses- 
 sion the law was repealed. 
 
 A wise law was passed, that if, for any reason, the 
 Governor, or Secretary, should fail to summon an Assembly, 
 that then, the sheriff of James City could issue a call. 
 
 During the summer of 1659, it was known in Virginia 
 that Eichard Cromwell had given up the office of Protector, 
 and ships which which left England in the beginning of 
 December after a quick voyage of six weeks, anchored in 
 
 Warwiak County John Harlowe. 
 
 Mimbeth City G». 
 "V\''illiam Batte. Florentin Paine, 
 
 TorJc County, 
 Nath. Bacou Bsq'r. Thos. Bushrod. 
 
 Major Joseph Croshaw. 
 Hew Kent Co. 
 
 Col. John Carter. 
 
 Col. Moore Fantleroy. 
 
 Capt. Francis Willis. 
 
 John Stringer. 
 
 Wm. Hay. 
 
 WUliam Black. 
 Lancaster Co. 
 
 Henry Corbin. 
 Happahannock Co. 
 
 John Weyre. 
 Olouaeater Co. 
 
 Capt. Augustine Warner. 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 William Jones. 
 
 Northumberland County, 
 
 Geo. Colecloagh. 
 
268 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 James Eiver, in January, 1660, with the news "that the 
 Parliament was then sitting," and that General Lambert 
 had gone forth to fight the forces of General Monk. Sir 
 Henry Moody, who was then on a visit to Virginia, sent this 
 intelligence in a letter to any English captain at Manhattan.' 
 The Virginians were much excited by the report, as it was 
 evident that another change in the government of England 
 was impending. At this critical period Governor Samuel 
 Mathews suddenly, died, and on March 13, 1659-60 [0. S.J 
 an Assembly convened,' and the Burgesses declared that 
 
 ' Letter of John Davenport, minister of New Haven, to John Winthrop, Jr 
 
 ■Assembly of March 1659-60. 
 Councillors Present. 
 
 Ex. Gov. Richard Bennett. Col. Obedience Robins. 
 
 Col. W. Claiborne, Sec. Capt. Henry Perry. 
 
 Col Wm. Bernard. Lt. Col. John Walker. 
 
 Col. Thos. Pettus. Col. Abraham Wood. 
 
 Col. Francis Morison. Lt. Col. Edward Carter. 
 
 Col. Edward Hill. Capt. Augustine Warner. 
 
 Col. Thomas Dewe. 
 
 Burgesses. 
 Henrico Co. 
 Theodoric Bland, Speaker Capt. Wm. Farrer. 
 
 Charles City Co. 
 
 Theodrick Bland. Charles Sparrow 
 
 Capt. Robt. Wynne. 
 
 James City Co. 
 
 Henry Soane. Richard Ford. 
 
 Capt. Robt. Ellison. William Morley. 
 
 Surrey Co. 
 Major Wm. Cawfield. William Browne. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 269 
 
 there being in England no resident, absolute, and general 
 confessed power," for the present, the " Suprearpe power of 
 
 Col. Robert Pitt. 
 Maj Richard Hill. 
 
 Giles Webb. 
 Wm. DensoD. 
 
 Capt. John Sidney. 
 
 Col. Edm'd Scarboroagh. 
 Major Wm. Waters. 
 
 IsU of Wight Co. 
 
 Maj. John Bond. 
 Nicholas Smith. 
 
 Upper Norfolk Co. 
 
 Geo. Calchmaie. 
 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Lemuel Mason. 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Lt. Col. John Stringer 
 
 Wanoick Co. 
 
 Major Ed. Griffith. 
 Mizdbeth City Co. 
 
 Capt. John Powell. 
 York Co. 
 
 Nathaniel Bacon. 
 Robert Baldry. 
 New Kent Co. 
 Col. Manwaring Hammond. Lt. Col. Robert Abrahall. 
 
 Rappahannock Co. 
 Col. Moore Fantleroy. John Weyre. 
 
 Oloucester Co. 
 
 Capt. Peter Knight. 
 
 Col. Miles Cary. 
 
 Lt. Col. W. Worliok. 
 
 X'phen CalthrOpp. 
 Major Joseph Croshaw. 
 
 Capt. Francis Willis. 
 Capt. Peter Jennings. 
 
 Col. John Carter. 
 Henry Corbin. 
 
 Northumberland Co. 
 Westmoreland Co, 
 
 David Cant. 
 Lancaster Co. 
 
 John Curtis. 
 
 Capt. Peter Ashton. 
 Capt. Tho'B Foulke. 
 
270 VIBGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 the government," in Virginia was in them, and proceeded to 
 elect one to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mathews. 
 
 It was therefore enacted "that the Honourable Sir William 
 Berkeley bee Governour and Captain Gen'll of Virginia, and 
 that he govern according to the ancient laws of England, 
 and the established laws of this Country, and that all writs 
 issue in the name of the Grand Assembly of Virginia." 
 
 To him was given the power to select a Council and Sec- 
 retary, every two years, but he could not dissolve an As- 
 sembly except with the consent of a majority of the Bur- 
 gesses. ' ' According to the desire" of Governor Berkeley, 
 the Assembly confirmed Col. William Claiborne, Secretary 
 of State. Theodoric Bland,' the son-in-law of Bennett, the 
 first Governor under the Commonwealth, was elected 
 Speaker. 
 
 The faithful minister, Philip Mallory, was voted two 
 thousand pounds of tobacco for his services, and he and a 
 minister named Lansdale were invited to preach at James- 
 town, during the session of the next Assembly. 
 
 Good feeling prevailed during the sessions of the Assem- 
 bly, and republicans and royalists, seemed to be only 
 
 ■ Theodoric Bland on January 16, 1629-30 was baptized at St. Antholm's Lon- 
 don was a mercliant in Spain and in the Canary Islands, and in 1654, came to 
 Virginia. His wife was Anne, daughter of Governor Richard Bennett. 
 
 In 1676, John Bland of London, his brother, published a memorial with this 
 title The, Humble Betnonsirance of John Bland of London, Merchant, on the 
 Behalf of the Inhabitants and Planters in Virginia and Maryland." The Lon- 
 don merchant was prosperous, and did many friendly acts for Virginia. In 
 1660, a Richard Bland was a commissioner of Elizabeth City County. 
 
 Theodoric Bland died In 1671, and was buried within the walls of Westover 
 Church, between the bodies of William Perry and Walter Aston. He left three 
 sons, Theodoric, Richard and John. 
 
VIMGINIA CAROLORVU. 271 
 
 interested in promoting the prosperity of Virginia. A 
 resolution of good will was passed, acknowledging the 
 services of the family of Lord Delaware in these words : 
 ' ' Whereas the many important favours and services ren- 
 dered the country of Virginia by the noble family of the 
 Wests, predecessors to Mr. John West,* the now only sur- 
 vivor, claim at least a gratef ull remembrance of their former 
 merrits be still continued to their survivors. It is ordered, 
 that the levies of the said Master West and his family be 
 remitted and he be exempted from payment thereof during 
 life." 
 
 In February, it was known at New- Amsterdam that the 
 Governor of Virginia was dead, and Governor Stuy vesant 
 
 " ' Secretary Brock of the Virginia Historical Society, contributes the follow- 
 ing document signed by John West, to the New England Historical and Genea- 
 logical Begiiter, January, 1886. 
 
 •' Oct. 29, 1655. This day Pindabake, the Protector of the young King of 
 Chiskoyak was at my house, intending to have spoken with the Governor, then 
 expected to be heerd but he came not. & therefore hee desyned to leave his 
 mind with mee. Major Will Wiat & divers others, as foUowith, viz : that Was- 
 
 sahickon the had freely given unto Mr. Edward Wyatt and his heyres, 
 
 executors, administrators or assigns, all the land from Mr. Hugh Gulun's old 
 
 markad trees Vttamarke Creeks, including all Pagan high Land being freely 
 
 given, and with the consent of all the rest of the Indians, it was also agreed 
 among them all, that neither the King, nor any other of his Indians should sell, 
 alienate, or dispose of any land belonging unto them, without the consent of 
 Mr. Ed. Wyatt, which was the only business that he had to acquaint the Gov'r 
 therewith in the behalfe of Mr. Ed. Wyat as we heere xJo testify under our hands 
 this present 29th of October, 1655. 
 
 " John West." 
 The witnesses were : Willm Benett, 
 
 John West Junior, 
 By mark Toby West, 
 
 Pindabake Protector Of Wm Godfrey, ) Sign 
 
 the young King John King, V with 
 
 Chiskoyake John Talbutt, ) mark 
 
272 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 and the Council deputed Nicholas Varlett, and Brian New- 
 ton to go and expi'ess their sorrow, for his " sad and unex- 
 pected decease," their wish to renew old friendship, and 
 make a treaty for free commerce. If practicable, they were 
 also desired to enlist soldiers, for service in New Nether- 
 lands. 
 
 The instructions to the Commissioners were definite and 
 judicious. They were to land at " Kycetan " now Hamp- 
 ton, and "salute Colonel Claborn " who still resided there, 
 and was Secretary of the Colony, "and request his advice, 
 counsel and help, for the greate security of the yacht." 
 After receiving information from Claiborne, they were to 
 present their credentials to the recognized representative of 
 the Colony, and ask for a conference to aa-range a prelimin- 
 ary treaty. If consent could be obtained, they were to 
 enlist " some good, resolute men, and among them, as 
 many Scots as possible " in all not more than " twenty -five 
 or thirty." 
 
 If they had time, the suggestion v/as made that they 
 should " cross over to Maryland," and " inquire as secretly 
 as possible whether any preparations against our people in 
 the South river were being made there." They wei'e also 
 instructed in case a treaty was agreed u])on with the author- 
 ities in Virginia, that it v/as not final, until revised, and 
 approved by both sides. Should they find upon their 
 arrival, that no Governor had been chosen to fill the va- 
 cancy, after remaing eight or ten days, they were to leave, 
 with the understanding, that negotiations would be resumed 
 in the autumn. As Heerman was well acquainted with the 
 English language, they were authorized to obtain his assist- 
 
VmatNlA GAROLOnUM. 273 
 
 ance. The Assembly was in session when they arrived, 
 and had elected Berkeley to fill the office of Governor 
 made vacant by the, death of Mathews. While for good rea- 
 sons, the commissioners were not allowed to enlist soldiers 
 to serve under a foreign flag, they were treated courteously 
 and the outline of a treaty settled. In April, they returned 
 to Manhattan, and in June, Sir Henry Moody arrived on the 
 part of Virginia, with credentials signed by the Grovernor, 
 and Theodore Bland, the Speaker of the Assembly. Four 
 articles were agreed upon, and sent to Governor Berkeley 
 for approval, which however he could not sign for reasons 
 in the following letter, written on August 20, 1660, to Go- 
 vernor Stuy vesant : 
 
 " Sir, I have received the letter, you were pleased to send 
 me, by Mr. Mills his vessell, and shall be ever ready to 
 comply with you in all acts of neighbourly friendship and 
 amity. But, truly Sir, you desii-e me to do that concern- 
 ing your titles, and claims to land in this northern part of 
 America, which T am in no capacity to do, for I am but a 
 servant of the Assembly, neither do they arrogate any power 
 to themselves, further than the miserable distractions of 
 England force them to. For when God shall be pleased in 
 his mercy to take away and dissipate the unnatural divi- 
 sions of their native country, they will immediately return 
 to their own professed obedience. What then they should 
 do in matters of contract, donation, or confession of right 
 would have little strength or significance; much more pre- 
 sumptive and impertinent would it be in me to do it with- 
 out their knowledge or assent. We shall very shortly meet 
 again, and then, if to them you signify your desires, I 
 shall labor all I can, to get you a satisfactory answer." 
 
 85 
 
274 VIRGINIA CAHOLOMtlM. 
 
 Sir Henry Moody, Bai'onet, was the son of Lady Deborah 
 Moody whose maiden name was Dunche. Her grandfather 
 WiUiam Dunche, who died May 11, 15T9, had two sons, 
 Edward and Walter. Edward was a member of parlia- 
 ment during the reigns of James the First, and also his son 
 Charles. 
 
 Walter of Avesbury, Wiltshire, married Deborah daughter 
 of James Pilkinton, first Bishop of Durham under Queen 
 Elizabeth, who was kind to non-conformists. One of the 
 four daughters of Walter, Deborah, married Sir Henry 
 Moody, Baronet^ of.Garsden, Wilts. 
 
 About the year 1632, Lady Deborah Moody was left a 
 widow with one son, Sir Henry. After residing some time 
 in London, about A.D., 1639, she sailed for America, and in 
 April, 1640, was a member of the church at Salem, Mass., 
 and in 1641, purchased the farm near Lynn, of John Hump- 
 ries, whose wife was a daughter of the Earl of Lincoln. 
 Lechford, writes ; "Lady Moody lives at Lynn, but is of 
 Salem church. She is a good lady, almost undone by buying 
 Master Humphries farm." 
 
 In December, 1642, she was presented for holding that 
 the baptism of infants was no ordinance of God, and the 
 next year she moved to New Amsterdam, for liberty of 
 worship. In March, 1643, in the Massachusetts Eecords it 
 is mentioned, that the Eev. Mr. Walton " is for Long Island 
 
 ' The last wife of Sir John Stafford, was the sister of Sir Henry Moody, Bt. 
 Stafford had been baptized at Geneva January 4, 1655-6, John Calvin standing 
 as sponsor. Stafford's father died in Geneva, May 5, 1557. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 275 
 
 shortly there to set down with my Lady Moodie, from under 
 civill and church watch among ye Dutch." For a time she 
 was molested by Indians, but on the 19th of December, 
 1645, a patent for the town of Gravesend, Long Island, was 
 given unto "Ye honoured Lady Deborah Moody ; Sir Henry 
 Moody, Baronet ; " and others and " to have and enjoye the 
 free libertie of conscience according to the custome and 
 manner of Holland, without molestation or disturbance 
 from any madgistrate, or madgistrates, or any ecclesiastical 
 minister." 
 
 In 1655, her house was surrounded by Indians, who were 
 at last driven away by soldiers from New Amsterdam, and 
 about 1659, she died. Her son, Sir Henry Moody may have 
 remained some time in England. After his mother's depart- 
 ure, his father's place at Garsden was sold to a Sir Laurence 
 "Washington, chief register, who died in 1643, at the age of 
 sixty-four years. He was as early as 1645, on Long Island. 
 
 In September, 1659, a fort belonging to the Dutch, about 
 eighty miles above Manhattan, was for some weeks sur- 
 rounded by a large body of Indians who destroyed corn- 
 fields, knd killed settlers. Sir Henry Moody was requested 
 to raise a company, and go to their relief. He marched to 
 the fort, dispersed the Indians, and entering it unfurled the 
 English flag. About this time he disposed of his plantation 
 at Gravesend, Long Island, and this year, made a visit to 
 Virginia. 
 
 In October, 1660, the Virginia Assembly ordained: " That 
 Sir Henry Moody bee implored in an embase by the right 
 honourable the Governor, to the Manados, about the affaires 
 of the country shall have elevaen thousand pounds of 
 
276 VIRQIJSriA CAROLORUM. 
 
 tobacco out of the levie, this year, as a gratuity for his paines 
 therein." 
 
 After this, he took lodgings with Daniel Litschoe, an inn- 
 keeper of New Amsterdam, whose house according to 
 Gerard, was near the present juncbion of Wall and Pearl 
 streets, New York City. He appears at this time to have 
 been quite poor, as on the 20th of September, 1661, he left 
 certain books' for the payment of his board and lodging. 
 
 He returned to Virginia, and died at the house of Colonel 
 Francis Moryson, acting Governor during Berkeley's absence 
 in England. He was the first Baronet who died in Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 While a few of the colonists were educated and able to 
 educate their children in England, the great majority were 
 
 ' In N. T. Col. Doc's, Vol. 4, 8vo, 1851, p. 640, is the following: 
 
 •' Catliologue containing the names of such books as Sir. Henry Moodie left 
 in security in hands of Daniel Litscho when he went for Virginia. 
 
 A latyu Bible in folio. 
 
 A written book in folio containing privatt matters of State. 
 
 Seventeen severall books of devotional matter. 
 
 A dictionaries Latin and English. 
 
 Sixteen several latin and Italian bookx of divers matters. 
 
 A book in folio containing the voyage of Ferdinand Mendoz. 
 
 A book in folio kalleth Sylva Sylvarum. 
 
 A book in quarto kalleth, bartas six days worke of the lord and translated in 
 English by .Joeiah Sylvester. 
 
 A book in quarto kalleth the Sume and Substance of the Conference which it 
 please his Excellent Majestie to have with the lords, bishops, &c., at Hampton 
 Court contraeteth by William Barlow. 
 
 A book in quarto kalleth Ecclesiastica Interpretntio or the Exposition upon 
 the difficult and doubtful passages of the seven Ejiistles called Catholique, and 
 the Revalation collected by John Mayer. 
 
 Eleven several bookx moore of divers subjects. 
 
 The verification of his father's knights order given by King James,'' 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 277 
 
 not above the grade of laborers, and enjoyed but few of the 
 comforts of life. 
 
 Lionel Gatford, B. D., published in 1667, a small treatise 
 entitled "Publick Good without Private Interest." He 
 was friendly to Lord Baltimore, although a Puritan. In 
 a dedicatory epistle to Cromwell, "his Highness, the Lord 
 Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland," he writes, 
 that "poor, neglected, despised Virginia, and the English 
 Colonic there, with the adjacent heathen inhabitants of the 
 same continent, came often and often into his thoughts." 
 
 In allusion to the peculiar form of church government in 
 existence, he used this language : "It cannot be expected 
 that either your petitioner, or any other, how zealously 
 affected soever they are to the advancement of God's glory 
 and the propagation of the Gospel of Christ, should leave 
 their preaching, and other ministration here, in their own 
 native Country that so much needs them, though they 
 should be allowed to preach no where but in bonds and 
 fetters, or in caves, and other hiding places (which they 
 fear not, so long as your Highness shall retain the Sovereign 
 power solely in your own hands) and go into Virginia to 
 labour there, in utter impossibilities, or to be thrust out from 
 labouring, when any probabilities of doing good should be 
 offered there, only upon that distast or suggestion of any 
 turbulent or vicious persons that shall complain of them to 
 a Governour as indifferent, and vicious as themselves." 
 
 In the treatise among other hindrances to the prosperity 
 of the Colony, are mentioned : "The people that are sent to 
 inhabit in that Colonie, are the most of them the very 
 
278 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 scum and off scouring of our Nation, vagrants or con- 
 demned persons, or such others, as by the looseness and 
 viciousness of their lives have disabled themselves to sub- 
 sist any longer in this Nation ; and when they come thither 
 either know not how, or will not betake themselves to any 
 sober, industrious course of living. And if they chance to get 
 ought to maintain them in their licentiousness and wicked- 
 ness fall to practising their old abominable practice there, as 
 much or more than they ever did heer. So that if they 
 come to be members or officers in the said Colonies, whereby 
 they are rendered more conspicuous in their true colours, 
 their idleness, and otherwise evil examples, do noi> only 
 corrupt and taint others of the same Oolonie, but cause the 
 very Heathen to loath both them and the very profession of 
 Christianity for their sakes." 
 
 He also lamented "that very many Children and servants 
 sent into that Plantation, that were violently taken away, 
 or cheatingly duckoyed without the consent or knowledge 
 of their Parents or Masters by some proestigious Plagiaries 
 (commonly called Spirits) into some private places, or ships, 
 and there sold to be transported; and then resold there to be 
 servants or slaves to those that will give most for them. 
 A practice proper for Spirits, namely the Spirits of Devils, 
 but to be abhorred and abominated of all men that know 
 either what men are, or whose originally they are, or what 
 their relatives are, either natural, civil, or Christian." 
 
 In every country, at its first settlement, will be found 
 hardy adventurers, of obscure birth, and wholly dependent 
 upon their energy, and industry, who rise to positions of 
 prominence, and influence, and it was not remarkable, that 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 279 
 
 the Asseinblies in the days of Berkeley, and the Common- 
 wealth, should have contained some of these. 
 
 If Abraham Wood, a boy ten years of age, could come to 
 Virginia, and after serving his term as a servant, advance 
 in position, and in 1654, be a Burgess, it is creditable to 
 him, and if in the Assembly of that year should also be 
 John Trussell, who when he was nineteen years of age, in 
 1622, became a servant in Charles City County, and William 
 Worlich, who came the same year when eighteen years 
 old, and was a servant in Elizabeth City, it only shows what 
 poor immigrant boys like those of the present century who 
 have landed at New York City, may by perseverance, ac- 
 complish. 
 
 General Monk reached London, early in February, the 
 news of which was received, in Virginia, before the first of 
 May, with the report, that the monarchy would soon be re- 
 stored. On the 29th of May, Charles the Second entered 
 London amid the acclamations of the people. 
 
CHAPTEE VIII. 
 
 FROM THE RESTORATION OF CHARLES THE SECOND, TO A.D. 1671. 
 
 Colonists quietly accept restoration or the King. Instruc- 
 tions TO GovBBNOE Beekblby. Philip Mallory, clergyman, 
 VISITS England. Berkeley in England. Francis Moeison, 
 chosen temporary Governor. Quakers fined and impris- 
 oned. Ofeicb Seekers. Encroachments upon Indians. 
 Grant op 1662, op lands, to favorites of the King. Pub- 
 lication op " Virginia's Curb." Governor Berkeley's re- 
 turn. Legislation against Quakers and Baptists. Attempt 
 to build up Jamestown. Birkenhead conspiracy. Fugitive 
 SERVANTS. Burgesses A.D., 1663. Persecution op Quakers. 
 Scarborough, Surveyor General, criticises Quakers. Con- 
 ference AS to cessation of tobacco planting. ^ ILLIAM DrUM- 
 
 MOND AND Thomas Woodward. Letter op Morison in behalf 
 op Virginia. Annual elections postponed. Northern In- 
 dians. Conference op 1666, as to tobacco. Burgesses in 
 1666. Ships in 1667 destroyed by thb Dutch. Colonists Dis- 
 contented. Silk presented to the King. Explorations op 
 Lederer, and Henry Batt. Jail Birds. Suffrage restricted. 
 Berkeley's Report op 1671, to Commissioners op Planta- 
 tions. 
 
 [HE transition from the rule of the Commonwealth 
 of England, to the government of Charles the 
 Second, was as quiet, and bloodless, as, the sur- 
 render in 1652, to the former power. The merchants of Vir- 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 281 
 
 ginia had little interest in the political disputes of England, 
 and hoped that by the restoration of Charles the Second, they 
 might obtain a repeal of the Navigation Act, which restricted 
 the carrying of tobacco, to vessels owned by Enghshmen, and 
 had depressed the commercial interests of the Colony. As 
 the people, by their Burgesses, had freely elected Berkeley, 
 Governor, who had acknowledged,' that he was, " but a 
 servant of the Assembly's, " and as his brother John was one 
 of the friends and advisers of the King, they believed it to 
 be good policy to cordially accept the changed condition ' of 
 affairs. The King on the 31st of July, recognized Q-ov. 
 Berkeley and the Council. The Assembly which convened 
 on the 11th of October, 1660, only transacted absolutely 
 necessary business. The Council and Assembly had been 
 obliged to meet in the houses of Mr. Woodhouse, and of 
 Thomas Hunt, and the Governor was requested "to take 
 into his care the building of a State House," and to 
 make contracts at his pleasure. He was also empowered 
 "to presse tenne men of the ordinarie sort of people, 
 allowing each man two thousand pounds of tobacco, per 
 annum, and to employ them toward the building of a State 
 house," but no work was done. A Committee ad interim 
 was appointed, composed of Henry Soane, Speaker, Na- 
 
 ' See Chapter VII, Berkeley's letter to New Amsterdam authorities. 
 
 •Their language in acknowledging the King was not as servile as that of ths 
 Massachusetts Colony. Governor Endicott by order of the General Court, of the 
 latter, on Aug. 7, 1661, fulsomely wrote, " Royal Sir : Your just title to the 
 Crown enthronizeth you in our consciences ; your graciousness, in our affections • 
 that, inspireth imto duty, this, naturalizeth unto loyalty." 
 
 36 
 
282 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 thaniel Bacon, Esq., Col. Miles Gary/ Major Nicholas Hill, 
 Capt. Kobert Ellyson, Oapt. George Jordon,^ and Mr. Wal- 
 ter Chiles, and until the 23d of March, 1660-1, a recess was 
 taken. 
 
 The Council for Foreign Plantations in England directed 
 a letter to Sir WiUiam Berkeley, Governor "for the time 
 being" and the Virginia Council, in which, they enjoined 
 that all rehgious exercises should be according to the pro- 
 fession of the church of England, and that they should en- 
 courage learned and orthodox ministers, as it was a shame 
 for a rich and flourishing people to be without a ministry 
 
 ' Colonel Miles Gary was a descendant of William Cary, merchant, the Mayor 
 of Bristol in 1546 ; in 1665, lie was one of the Council of Virginia. On March 
 29, 1666, he was superintending the erection of defences at Point Comfort 
 against the Dutch, and here lost his life. Two of his sons. Miles, and Thomas, 
 were prominent in public affairs and identified themselves with the Quakers. 
 Story, a Quaker preacher, brotlier of the Dean of Liamore, and Keeper of the 
 Great Seal of the Province of Pennsylvania, and one of the early Mayors of Phila- 
 delphia, held in 1690, a Friends' Meeting at Yorktown. Two days after, he 
 writes " Went to Thomas Carey's who had been lately convinced. His wife 
 had been also. His brother Miles, and wife, coming hither to see ns were made 
 partakers of the same visitation." Several years later he made another visit and 
 wrote : " Made a visit to Miles Carey, Secretary of the County, who being absent, 
 
 his wife, a Friend, prevailed with us to stay to supper." 
 Thomas Cary thought to be the son of the Councillor, married a daughter of 
 
 Archdale, the Quaker Governor of Carolina, and in 1697, was Receiver General 
 
 of that Colony, 
 
 " Jordon is a name found in the earlier records. In the first Assembly of 1619 
 was Samuel Jordon. Mary Tne, daughter of Hugh Crouch, executrix of Lt. 
 Richard Crouch, in 1622, " assigned 100 acres of land wch lies in Diggs, his 
 Hundred to Samuel Jordon of Charles Hundred, gentleman." Neills' Virginia 
 Company, p. 315. In Marcli, 1623, Robert Jordan was slain by the Indians at 
 Berkeley Hundred five miles from Charles City. 
 
 Alice the daughter of John Miles, and wife of George Jordon, died January 7, 
 1650 (O.S.) 
 
VIRGIJSriA GAROLORUM. 283 
 
 proportionate to the population, and such a ministry was 
 necessary to the winning of the souls of those whom they 
 had purchased as slaves. " 
 
 With this communication was sent the King's Proclama- 
 tion from Breada, and an Act of Indemnity. The letter was 
 entirely conciliatory, and they were urged to lay aside "ani- 
 mosities begotten by the late distracted and unsettled times, 
 and affectionately unite, so that former differences be 
 buried in oblivion. " 
 
 The old London Company was reported to be again 
 making an effort for the restoration of their charter, and 
 the Assembly fearing the loss of their, liberties, from the 
 Plantation Commissioners, determined to send Sir William 
 Berkeley, at their own' expense, to act as their agent, in 
 England and present their wants to the King. 
 
 Phillip Mallory, who had "been eminently faithfull in 
 the ministry, and very dilligent in endeavouring the ad- 
 vancement of all those meanes that might conduce to the ad- 
 vancement of religion," was also appointed by the Assembly 
 of March, 1660-1, to undertake to solicit in England, in 
 behalf of their " church affaires." 
 
 Berkeley reached London in the summer of 1661, when the 
 Cavaliers were in a frenzy of joy. A formal, political, and 
 hence unlovely, type of Puritanism had succumbed to the 
 noisy, jeering, and pleasure-loving sycophants of the Court. 
 Taverns, brothels, and theaters, had rapidly increased since 
 the Coronation day, and the Virginia Governor was pleased 
 to see the performance on the stage of his tragi-comedy.^ 
 
 ' Pepys on January 19, 1660-1, went to the theatre and saw the "Lost 
 Lady " played, but was not niuch pleased. 
 
284 VIRGINIA CAROLOEUM. 
 
 "The Lost Lady" which twenty years before had been 
 entered at Stationers' Hall. 
 
 His visit, with his brother, a favorite of the King, and 
 high in power, tended to develop the worse, and restrain 
 his better traits, so that Berkeley before, and Berkeley after 
 the restoration, did not appear the same person. 
 
 Francis Moryson,' also written Morison, had been chosen 
 Governor during the absence of Berkeley, and the Assembly 
 of March, 1661-2, provided for a revision and modification of 
 the laws of the Colony, and also ' 'sett downe certaine rules to 
 be observed in the government of the church, until God shall 
 please to turne his majesties pious thoughts toward us, and 
 provide a better supply of ministers." 
 
 The "whole liturgie" every Sunday was to be "thor- 
 oughly read." The word Sunday or Lord's Day is used 
 more frequently than Sabbath in the Acts. The " orna- 
 ments" of the church were called " a greate bible, two com- 
 
 ' His ■wife was Cecilia, the sister of Giles Rawlins, who was Killed in a duel 
 with one of Lord Dillon's sons, in August, 1663, in St. James Field, Pall Mall. 
 His brother, was Richard who had been in charge of the rude fort at Point 
 Comfort. The latter obtained this appointment through his father's influence 
 with Lord Falkland. 
 
 On January 3d, 1648, there was granted to Richard 110 acres in Elizabeth 
 City known as " Port Field." The widow Winifred Moryson who obtained a 
 grant in 1653, of 400 acres on the south side of Horn Harbor creek was probably 
 the mother. Major Francis Moryson on June 1, 1654, obtained possession of 
 24 acres near Jamestown, upon which stood the old " Glasse House." In 1631, 
 Capt. William Norton with some Italians were sent by the London Company 
 to establish glass works. Norton died, in 1633, and Sandys, Colonial Treasurer, 
 wrote that the Italians were disorderly, and "Vincenzio had cracked the furnace 
 with a Iron crow-bar." See Virginia Vetusta, page 131. The glass factory was 
 not successful and the ground upon which it stood was sold by Governor Har- 
 vey to Anthony Coleman, and by successive assignments became the property of 
 Prandi Morison. 
 
VIBQIJSriA CAROLOEUM. 286 
 
 mon prayer books, a communion cloath and napkin, a 
 pulpit, and cushion." 
 
 For the support of the government, a duty of two shil- 
 lings was imposed upon every hogshead of tobacco shipped 
 to England, and ten shillings upon each hogshead shipped 
 to foreign ports, those ships excepted, belonging to persons 
 residing in the Colony. 
 
 Fines were ordered to be imposed upon Quakers, and 
 other non-conformists, holding unlawful assemblies. Wil- 
 liam Cole of Maryland, a Quaker, soon after visited Vir- 
 ginia, with George Wilson, one of their preachers from 
 England, who violating the law, was imprisoned.' A letter 
 written by Wilson, shows that members of the Society of 
 Friends m their plainness of speech, seemed coarse and un- 
 charitable. It was dated "From that dirty dungeon in 
 Jamestown, the 17th of the Third Month, 1663," (0. S.) and 
 is as follows : 
 
 " If they who visit not such in prison (as Christ speaks 
 of) shall be punished with everlasting destruction, O what 
 will ye do ? Or what will become of you who put us into 
 such nasty, stinking prisons, as this dirty dungeon, where 
 we have not had the benefit to do what nature requireth, nor 
 so much as air, to blow in, at a window, but close made up 
 with brick and lime, so that there is no air to take away the 
 
 * William Robinson, a merchant of London and Quaker preacher, as early as 
 1658, visited Virginia. In a letter written, at Boston, not long before he, and 
 William Leddra, to the disgrace of the Puritans, was huntr, he uses these words : 
 
 " I came lately from Virjjinia, with my brethren Robert Hodgson, Christopher 
 Holden and William Leddra, at which place I was about fourteen months in 
 service, and hard travel, through the Country, for the Seeds Sake. * -^ * j 
 was in prisoh in Virginia about six months." 
 
286 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 smell our dung and p ' who for all their cruelty, I can 
 
 truly say, ' Father forgive them, for they know not what 
 they do.' But thus saith the Lord unto me ' Tell them that 
 because wilfully they are ignorant, I will strike them with 
 astonishment, and will bring upon them the filth of their 
 detestable things, and in that day they should be glad if they 
 
 could to eat their own dung and drink their own p , it 
 
 shall so odiously stand before them, that it shall be an evil 
 stink in succeeding generations. This you shall eternally 
 witness, for I have spoken with you in the name of the 
 Lord, in whose authority this is to go abroad." 
 
 John Grave, also a Quaker, this year wrote a poem which 
 was printed with title "A Song of Sion, written by a 
 Citizen thereof, whose outward habitation is in Virginia ; 
 and being sent over to some of his Friends in England, the 
 same is found fitting to be published, for to warn the seed 
 of Evil Doers." 
 
 As soon as it was known that negotiations were begun to 
 place Charles the Second on the throne, applicants for places 
 in Virginia preferred their requests. Captain James Neale^ 
 
 ' It is unnecessary to print this -word in full, whiob is now considered vulgar. 
 
 ' Neale was Captain of a Maryland pinnace at an early period. On the Ist of 
 September, 1642, he arrived at Boston with two pinnaces, commissioned by Go- 
 vernor Calvert to buy mares and sheep. While there one of his pinnaces was 
 found to be worm eaten and was abandoned. After the civil war in England 
 commenced, he crossed the ocean, and lie and his father fought for the King. 
 In 1660, he returned to Maryland commended by Lord Baltimore, and in 1666, 
 petitions the Assembly for the naturalization of Ann his wife, and children 
 Henrietta Maria, James, Dorothy, and Anthony, born in Spain during his resi- 
 dence there, as a merchant, and when employed there by King and Duke of 
 York "in several emergent affairs" His daughter Henrietta Maria married 
 Richard, the son of Eichard Bennett the Puritan, who, for a time, lived near the 
 Severn River, and was subsequently Governor of Virginia. 
 
VIBGINIA CABOLORUM. 287 
 
 who had been before the civil war a prominent man in 
 Maryland, and had shed his blood on the royalist side during 
 the Commonwealth period, before the King, left Breda, 
 asked to hold the office of Treasurer of Virginia, but, this 
 was given to Major Henry Norwood, a relative of the Go- 
 vernor. Thomas Ludwell received the Secretaryship which 
 had so long been held by William Claiborne, and in the 
 place of Thomas Lovinge, Edmund Scarborough, became 
 his Majesty's Surveyor General. Philip Honeywood who 
 had been in Virginia, a guest at Ealph Wormeley's returned 
 to England, and in April, 1662, was in command of the 
 garrison, and subsequently Deputy Governor of Portsmouth. 
 Nicholas Downe, the chief cook of his Majesty's kitchen died 
 in Virginia, and Ann his widow petitioned the easy tempered 
 King for an annuity.^ 
 
 In view of the fact that the Colony was threatened with 
 ruin by the excessive planting of a single staple, tobacco, 
 which was sold at so low a rate that " neither merchant, 
 nor planter could well subsist," the Assembly enacted that 
 a quantity of flax seed should be brought from England, 
 and distributed in the several counties, to agents, who were 
 authorized to sell it on time to planters, and a premium of 
 three pounds of tobacco was offeredF to every one who 
 would spin the flax raised, and weave the yarn into cloth, a 
 
 ' Anthony Langslon, who had been an ensign in Prince Maurice's Regiment, 
 after fourteen years residence in Virginia, in January, 1663-3, returns to Lon- 
 don, and is fond of drinking in tlie Dog Tavern. In a brawl, he killed a man 
 was tried, found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to be burned in the 
 hand. By the eflort of friends he was pardoned, and became a captain of the 
 •"aval service. 
 
288 VIRGINIA CAROLORVM. 
 
 yard wide; and for every yard of woolen cloth made of 
 yarn spun in the Colony, a promise of five pounds of tobacco 
 was offered . 
 
 A promise of fifty pounds of tobacco was also offered for 
 any sea going vessel built in the country. Henry Soane, 
 Speaker, having died, Captain Eobert Wynn took his place. 
 Hon. Nathaniel Bacon^ having been made one of the Coun- 
 cil, Major Edward Griffith was appointed to fill the vacancy 
 in the Committee ad interim. The Assembly was not dis- 
 solved, but adjourned to meet in March of the next year. 
 
 As settlers increased upon the shores of the Potomac, 
 and Eappahannock, collision with the Indians became more 
 frequent, and the Assembly was disposed to protect the 
 savages as far as they could. Captain Giles Brent, Col. 
 Gerard Fowke,^ Captain George Mason, and Mr. John Lord 
 were censured for the "injuries and affronts done to Wahan- 
 ganoche," the chief of the "Potowmeck " Indians, and Brent 
 and Folke, for arresting and binding the chief, were heavily 
 fined, and debarred from holding any office civil or military, 
 and Mason, and Ford, were also fined, to a small amount. 
 Col. Moore Fantleroy' for his treatment of the Eappannocks 
 
 ' See Chapter VII, for a notice of this councillor. 
 
 • Colonel Gerard Fowke was the son of Rog^er End Mary Folke of Gunston 
 Hall, Staffordshire, and a Gentleman of the Bed Chamber, in days of Charles 
 the First, and Colonel of Cavalry in battle of Worcester, and now a merchant. 
 He obtained 1400 acres at Paspatany on the Potomac River. Captain George 
 Mason was his cousin and both had been Colonels, in the King's army, during 
 the civil war. Gerard Fowke's daughter Mary, married her cousin, the son of 
 Captain George Mason. — Dinwiddie Papers, Vol. I, p. xxiii. 
 
 3 In 1663, Moore Fantleroy in England "an untoward fellow" was suspected of 
 opposition to the King. Perhaps he was a relative of the Virginia immigrant. 
 
VIBGIJSriA CABOLOBUM. 289 
 
 was disqualified for holding ofiice, and bound to good 
 behavior. 
 
 At this Assembly, it was ordered that Mr. George Har- 
 wood, having spoken words " to the dishonour of the right 
 honourable gouernour ffrancis Morrison, esquire,'' should 
 ask forgiveness upon his knees. 
 
 The Virginians now, had occasion to contrast the peaceful 
 government of Governors Bennett, Digges, and Mathews 
 under the Commonwealth of England, with their condition 
 under Charles the Second. The Navigation Act was not re- 
 pealed, but, more strictly enforced, and court favorites were 
 endeavoring to enrich themselves at the expense of the Colo- 
 nists, who were indignant, when a communication from the 
 King, dated December 5, 1662, was received, addressed to 
 the Governor, and Council of Virginia, informing them, 
 that he had given away, a large portion of the best land in 
 Virginia, to a few persons, and, in the spring of .1662-3, 
 Francis Moryson went to England, as agent of Virginia to 
 offer remonstrance. 
 
 The King informed the Colony that on the 18th of Sep- 
 teiTiber, 1649, when he was a fugitive, he had given to 
 certain persons all that territory " bound by the rivers 
 Tappahannacke or Eappahannacke, and Quiriough or Pata- 
 womacke, and Thaspayoke" which they could not enjoy ; 
 and that he had now revoked the grant/ and issued a new 
 
 ' In July, 1639, owing to the increase of population in Bermudas, the Pro- 
 prietors of the Island, in London, petitioned for this region " scituate betwixt 
 the two Elvers of Rapahanock, and Patowmack wch by good Informacon your 
 petit'iors finde to be both healthful! and -otherwiae not yet Inhabited." 
 
 Lefroy's Bermudas, Vol. I, p. 558. 
 
 37 
 
290 VIRGINIA CAltOLORVM. 
 
 patent to Sir Humphrey Hooke Kt., John Fitz Herbert, Esq., 
 and Robert Vicaredge, merchant, granting them the use 
 and profits of the region, for a certain term of years. In 
 view of rumors of opposition, he wrote in August, 1663, to 
 the Colonial authorities not to place any obstruction in the 
 way of Sir Humphrey Hooke^ and his associates. 
 
 Governor Berkeley was in England from the summer of 
 1661, to the autumn of 1662, and while there, a small treatise 
 by E. G. was published, entitled Virginia's Cure or an Ad- 
 visive Concerning Virginia, Discovering the True Ground 
 of that Church's Unhappiness. The writer was probably 
 Eoger Green, who had been, like Mallory, a respected min- 
 ister in the Colony. He alludes to his being present at 
 Jamestown in 1656, when the Assembly passed an act for 
 establishing markets, and was sent to England with letters 
 from Governor Morrison in behalf of the interest of the 
 Church, and education. He deplores the want of towns 
 and the evil of living upon isolated plantations, whereby 
 " not only was there a very numerous generation of Christ- 
 ian children born in Virginia unserviceable for any employ- 
 ment of Church or State ; but an obstacle was also cast in 
 the way of the conversion of the Heathen. " 
 
 The Burgesses elected by the people he mentions " were 
 usually such as went over servants thither, and though by 
 time, and industry, they may have attained competent 
 estates, yet by reason of their poor and mean condition, 
 were unskilful in judging of a good estate, either of church 
 or Commonwealth, or by the means of procuring it." 
 
 ' Hooke in 1661, was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire, and in 1664, Deputy 
 Lieutenant of Bristol. 
 
VIRGINIA CAMOZORUM. 291 
 
 The Commissioners of Plantations, in 1662, were fre- 
 quently seen, by Governor Berkeley, now in England. The 
 proposition to cease planting tobacco in Virginia, for a cer 
 tain period was discussed by the Board, during the months 
 of May, and June, but was not approved. In July, 1662, 
 Governor Berkeley was ordered to return, and in a commu- 
 nication to the Commissioners, he alludes to the sudden 
 command of the King, to depart for Virginia, and his de- 
 termination to promote, as far as possible, the culture of 
 silk, flax, and hemp, and the cutting of mast timbers. He 
 further mentions, that hereafter he will see that the laws of 
 the Colony are printed,' before they are presented, for the 
 Board's approval. The order to return to Virginia was for 
 a few weeks, suspended, and in August, the Board for 
 Plantations, discussed these questions and decided that the 
 Colony should bear its own expenses. The salary of the 
 Governor was fixed at one thousand pounds sterling, to be 
 raised by a tax of two shillings upon each hogshead of 
 tobacco. 
 
 The shipmasters, in the Virginia trade, then in London, 
 objected to the two shilling tobacco tax, and the ten pence 
 castle duty at Point Comfort, because the Colony fur- 
 nished no proper defence for their ships. On the 26th 
 of August a petition signed by Gov. Berkeley, Sir Henry 
 
 1 Soon after, a folio was published in London by Francis Moryson with the 
 title Lama of Virginia. To this was prefixed A Description of Virginia, which 
 was probably, the same which appeared, in a separate form, of twelve pages, 
 with the title : A Description and View of Virginia By Sir William Berkeley/, 
 the Qovtrnour, London^ 16Q3. 
 
292 VIRGINIA CAROZOJRUM. 
 
 Ohicheley, Edward Digges, Eichard Lee' and others came 
 before the Board, in which it was mentioned that tobacco 
 was now sold at so low a rate, as not to defray the freight 
 charges, and begging that they would order that its plant- 
 ing be restricted. To this, on the 6th of September, again 
 came a remonstrance from the ship-masters and owners. 
 
 It was now arranged that Berkeley should leave for Vir- 
 ginia, and on the 12th of September he received his Majesty's 
 instructions. He was to see that the Act of Navigation 
 against which so much had been said, should be strictly re- 
 spected. The planters were to be encouraged to build towns, 
 and they could not ' ' have a better example, than from their 
 neighbours of New England, who have, in a few years, 
 raised that Colony to breed wealth, reputation, and secu- 
 rity." He was also to appoint Commissioners to treat, with 
 those of Maryland, respecting tobacco, and within a month, 
 after his arrival, was to call a General Assembly, and to 
 publish his Majesty's pardon and oblivion to all not at- 
 tainted of the " horrid murder of our dear Father." 
 
 The King and his advisers, do not appear to have approved 
 of a severe policy toward Quakers and other non-confor- 
 mists. Among other iastructions were these : " And be. 
 cause Wee are willing to give all possible encouragement to 
 persons of different persuasion in matters of Eeligion to 
 transport themselves thither with their stocks; You are not 
 to suffer any man to be molested, or disquieted in the exer- 
 cise of his Eeligion, so he be content with a quiet and peace- 
 
 ' Richard Lee, now in England, felt that a douceur to Secretary Nicholas 
 would not be unprofitable, and on the 7th of October, 1663, he eent him " ten 
 pieces to buy a little toy, and algp sooje rarities " from Virginia, 
 
VIBGINIA GAROLORUM. 293 
 
 able enjoying it, not giving therein offence or scandall to 
 the Government : But Wee oblige you in your own house 
 and family to the profession of the Protestant Eeligion, 
 according as it is now established in our Kingdome of Eng- 
 land, and the recommending it to all others under your 
 government, as farre as it may consist with the peace and 
 quiet of our said Colony.'" 
 
 As instructed, in less than a month, after his arrival, at 
 Jamestown, he summoned the Assembly, which had never 
 been dissolved, and on the 23d of December, 1662, it con- 
 vened, with Capt. Robert Wynne, the speaker. 
 
 During the Cromwellian era not only was there a develop- 
 ment of the "Society of Friends," but an organization 
 which rejected infant baptism, and particularly the ser- 
 vice in the Book of Common Prayer, which asserted, that 
 after the application of water, the child is regenerated with 
 the Holy Spirit. To prevent the spread of the latter class 
 of religionists, the Assembly passed this Act: "Whereas 
 many scismaticall persons out of their averseness to the 
 orthodox, established religion, or out of the new fangled 
 conceits of their owne hereticall inventions, refuse to have 
 their children baptized : Be it therefore enacted, that all 
 persons that in contempt of the divine sacrament of bap- 
 tisme, shall refuse, when they may carry their child to a 
 lawfuU minister in that county, to have them baptised 
 shallbe amerced two thousand pounds ; halfe to the in- 
 former, halfe to the publique." Another act was passed 
 
 ' In the Appendix will be found a letter oi Governor Berkeley to Charles the 
 Second after the Restoration, and also his speeches to the Council and Burgesses 
 in accepting the Governorship of Virginia before the IJestoyatign 
 
294 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 intended to check the loose tongues of gossips, in these 
 words : "Whereas oftentimes many babhng women often 
 slander and scandalize their neighbours, for which, their 
 poore husbands, are often brought into chargeable and vexa- 
 tious suites and cast in greate damages ; Bee it enacted * * 
 that in actions of slander occasioned by the wife as afore- 
 said, after judgment passed shallbe punished by ducking, 
 and if the slander be soe enormous as to be adjudged at a 
 greater damage than five hundred pounds of tobacco, then 
 the woman to suffer a ducking for each five hundred 
 pounds of tobacco adjudged against the husband if he re- 
 fuses to pay the tobacco.'" 
 
 The absence of any building for the sessions of the legis- 
 lature and court, more than fifty years after the planting of 
 the Colony, evinced the absence of a proper pride and pub- 
 lic spirit, and the King had enjoined upon Berkeley the 
 building up of the capitol. By his energy the legislature 
 ordered that thirty brick honses should be built twenty feet 
 in width, and forty in length, the roof to have a fifteen 
 foot pitch, and to be covered with slate or tile. The bricks 
 were not to be brought from England, as it would have 
 
 1 Babbling women were found in all parts of the Colony. The following is 
 from the manuscript record of Northampton County, under date of September 8 
 1634 : " Upon dew examination it ia thought fitt by the board that s'yd Joane 
 Butler shalbe drawen ouer the Rings Creeke [Kings Creek] at the starne of a 
 boate or Canoux * * * also the next Saboth day in the tyme of deuyne [di- 
 vine] seruis, between the first and second lesson, present herselfe before the 
 minister and say after him as f olloweth : 
 
 " I Joane Butler doe acknoweledge to have called Marie Drewe hoare, and 
 thereby I confess I have done her manefest wronge wherefore I desire before 
 this congregaton that the s'yd Marie Drew will forgiue me, and alsoe that this 
 eongregaton will ioyne [join] in prayer with me, that God may forgiue me." 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 295 
 
 ■ 
 
 been as strange as "carrying coals to New Castle," but were 
 to be burned in the neighborhood. The houses were to be 
 regularly placed " in a square or such other forme as the 
 honorable Sir William Berkeley" should deem most appro- 
 priate. No more wooden houses were under the act to be 
 built in Jamestown. Each of the seventeen counties was 
 authorized to build and to impress bricklayers, sawyers, 
 carpenters, and other tradesmen. The act however proved 
 unpopular and drove away mechanics. Morison wrote to 
 Earl of Clarendon in 1665 : " Our porre assaye, of building 
 four or five houses, lost us hundreds of people." 
 
 Upon the 10th of September, 1663, the Assembly met ac- 
 cording to adjournment, and among the Burgesses to fill 
 vacancies was Col. Gerard Fowke formerly of Maryland, 
 now a representative of Westmoreland County, who took 
 the prescribed oath of allegiance and supremacy. Col. Wil- 
 liam Claiborne, no longer Secretary, and now living in the 
 Pamunky valley, was a delegate from New Kent County. 
 
 The indentured white servants, the refuse of the camps of 
 the late civil war, and the alleys of London, with the 
 heathen slaves, from the coast of Africa, were now so nu- 
 merous as to be a constant source of anxiety to the planters. 
 In Gloucester County there appears at this time to have 
 been a combination for a general uprising, which failed by 
 one Berkenhead, a servant of a planter named Smith, be- 
 coming an informer. The legislature felt that the planters 
 had escaped from " a horrid plot " and resolved ' ' that Ber- 
 kenhead have his freedom, and five thousand pounds of 
 tobacco given him, in Gloster County, and that his master 
 
296 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 be satisfied for his time and it was further resolved " that 
 the 13th of September, be annually kept holy, being the 
 day those villains intended to put the plot in execution." 
 Four of the conspirators yvevQ tried and executed.' 
 
 Fugitive vsrhite servants began to occasion great trouble. 
 William Drummond complained, in 1662, that the court at 
 Boston, had illegally discharged one of his servants, and the 
 Virginia Assembly retaliated by ordering that "there be 
 seized, to the value of forty pound sterling money, out 
 the estate of some persons, relateing to the said government 
 of Boston, v^rhich, is in consideration of wages due for such 
 a servant's time, as was illegally cleared from the said Drum- 
 mond's employ in New England. William Claiborne, Jr., 
 still living at Kiquotan (Hampton), in August, 1662, arrived 
 at Delaware Bay in search of two escaped servants. 
 
 Notwithstanding previous enactments against the Quakers, 
 their traveling preachers persisted in going to out of the 
 way places, without money, and asking for none, yet 
 preaching a gospel of peace, and good will, as far as they 
 understood the teaching of Christ. Their cheerful endur- 
 ance of hardship, with their plain teaching, attracted the 
 attention and aroused the consciences of rude frontiersmen 
 who, hitherto, had no one to care for their souls, and 
 Quaker meetings multiplied. 
 
 ' On April 10, 1665, Secretary Ludwell wrote to Secretary of State In Eng- 
 land, that he had "sent the trial of those servants who in September, 1663, con- 
 spired to ruin the Government." 
 
 In October, 1661, at Bermudas, was discovered a plot of the Irish servanti and 
 Negro slaves to rise, cut the throats of their masters, and ruin the country. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 297 
 
 The Assembly,' of 1663, determined upon more vigorous 
 measures of repression, and passed the following preamble: 
 " Whereas it is evident of late time, that certaine persons 
 under the names of Quakers, and other names of separation 
 have taken up and maintained sundry dangerous opinions, 
 
 'Burgesses in Assembly Sbptembbr, 1663. 
 Henrico Go. » Capt. Wm. Farrar. 
 
 Charles City Co. 
 Capt. Eobt. Wynne, Speaker. Capt. Francis Gray. 
 
 Stephen Hamelyn. 
 
 James City Co. 
 
 Capt. Eobt. Ellyaon. Capt. Edw'd Eamsey. 
 
 Walter Chiles. 
 
 Capt. Wna. Cockeram 
 
 Major Nich. Hill. 
 Capt. Joseph Bridger. 
 
 Nanaemond Co. 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 
 Capt. John Powell. 
 Warwick Co. 
 York County. 
 New Kent Co. 
 
 Ca])t. Peter Jennings. 
 Lancaster Co. 
 
 Thomas Lucas. 
 
 Thomas Warren. 
 
 Isle of Wight Co. 
 
 Dr. Eobt. Williamson. 
 
 George Wallings. 
 Major Lemuel Mason. 
 Mizabeth City Co. 
 
 Col. Leonard Yeo. 
 
 Major Edw. Griffith. 
 Lt. Col. Barber. 
 Col. W. Claiborne. 
 
 Gloucester Co. 
 
 Capt. Tho's Walker. 
 Ealeigh Frances. 
 EappdhanTiock Co. 
 
 Capt. John Weye. 
 
 Northumberland Co. 
 
 Westmoreland County. 
 38 
 
 Wm. Presley. 
 Col. Gerard Fowke, 
 
298 VIBOIJSriA GAROLORUM. 
 
 and tenets, and whereas the said persons, under pretence 
 of religious worship doe often assemble themselves in 
 greate numbers in several parts of this colony, to the greate 
 endangering its publique peace and safety, and to the terror 
 of the people by maintayning a secrett and strict corres- 
 pondency among themselves, and in the meantime separat- 
 ing good and loyall subjects from the publique congregations, 
 and usual places of divine service;" it "was enacted, after 
 this preamble, that if Separatists, above the age of sixteen 
 years, to the number of five, or more, assembled at any 
 time, and any place, to worship, not according to the laws 
 of England, for the first offence, they were to be fined two 
 hundred pounds of tobacco, for the second offence, five 
 hundred pounds, and for offending the third time should be 
 banished from the colony. If any master of a ship brought 
 into the colony, after the first of July, 1664, a Quaker, ex- 
 cept under the laws of England, he should be fined five 
 thousand pounds of tobacco. If any person entertained a 
 Quaker in, or near his house, to preach, he was also liable to 
 a fine of five thousand pounds. In their excessive zeal for 
 the church of England, they expelled John Porter, of Lower 
 Norfolk, because sheriff John Hill, of that county, had re- 
 presented to the House that he ' ' was loving to the Quakers, 
 and stood well affected towards them, and 'had been at their 
 meetings, and was so far an ana-baptist as to be against 
 the baptizing of children." 
 
 Nortliamplon Co. 
 Lt, Ool. Kendall. Major Wm. Andrews. 
 
 Aceomaok Co. 
 Devereux Browne. Hugji Yeo.' 
 
 ' Hugli Yeo cordwainor, was the fourth son of JuBtiuian, of Hartland, DovonBhire. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 299 
 
 During the autumn of 1663, Mary Tomkin's and Alice 
 Ambrose were at the Cliffs in Calvert County, Maryland, 
 and wrote to Q-eorge Fox, the eminent Quaker preacher : 
 ' ' We have been in Virginia, where we have had a good 
 service for the Lord. Our sufferings have been large * * * 
 we are now about to set sail for Virginia again." Bishop 
 referring to these in "New England Judged" writes: 
 " Mary Tomkins and Alice Ambrose' these two servants of 
 the Lord having been at Virginia * * * who had there suf- 
 fered thirty-two stripes apiece, with a nine corded whip, 
 three knots in each cord, being drawn up to the pillory, in 
 such an uncivil manner, as is not to be rehearsed, with a 
 running knot about their hands, the very first lash of which 
 drew blood, and made it run down in abundance from their 
 breasts. " 
 
 Lord Baltimore, ever watchful to increase the rentals 
 from his Province, managed to make disturbances in Vir- 
 ginia profitable. Moryson, Grovernor of Virginia for a brief 
 period, in a letter to the Earl of Clarendon' wrote : " I do 
 not complain against so honorable a person as his Lordship, 
 but, admire his prudent management, that never omits to 
 improve the least occasion to his advantage." 
 
 Virginia's extremity was always Maryland's opportunity. 
 The law against the Puritans in the former colony in 1648, 
 drove an industrious population to the banks of the Severn 
 River in Maryland, so the law against Separatists, Quakers 
 
 'Alice Ambrose afterwards became the wife of John Gary of West River, 
 Maryland. 
 
 "Clareadon Papers in N. T. Hist. 8oc. Col, 1869. 
 
300 VIBGII^IA CABOLORUM. 
 
 and others from the church of England, in 1664, increased 
 the population of Lord Baltimore's province. 
 
 In November, 1661, arrangements were made to give 
 lands to certain inhabitants of " Northampton otherwise 
 called Accomack" who wished to remove to the region 
 above Watkin's Point, the north part of the Bay "into 
 which the river Wighco, formerly called Wighcocomico, 
 afterward Pocomoke, then again, at this time, Wighco - 
 cornoco. " 
 
 In February, 1662-3, John Elzey, Randall Revell, and 
 Stephen Horsey were appointed by Governor Charles Cal- 
 vert, Commissioners for this district. In September, 1668, 
 the Assembly in session at Jamestown ordered Col. Edmund 
 Scarborough, his Majesty's Surveyor General of Virginia, 
 to collect rents, and dues to the Colony of Virginia, of all 
 persons residing below a line, from the "north side of 
 Wicomicoe River, on the Eastern shore, and near unto, and 
 on the south side of the straight Umb opposite to Patuxent . 
 river. " 
 
 Scarborough's report to the Governor and Council of Vir- 
 ginia of his proceedings at Anamesseck and Manoakin is 
 stamped all over with the characteristics of a violent and 
 prejudiced partisan. 
 
 In company with Col. John Stringer, who had been one 
 the Burgesses of Northampton County, four of the Commis- 
 sion, and forty horsemen, whom betook "for pomp and 
 safety," on Sunday morning, October 11, 1663, he arrived at 
 Anamessecks to repel, as he reports, the contempt threatened 
 "by some Quakers, and a foole in office." He wrote that ; 
 
VIRGimA GABOLOBUM. 301 
 
 "On Monday morning at y' house of Stephen Horssy an 
 officer of y° Lord Baltimore I began to publish y' commands 
 of y* Assembly, and for y' y^ officer could not read, I often 
 read y° act unto him who made noe reply, but brought a 
 pattent instead of his commission and tould us there was his 
 authority, and y' hee was put in trust by y' Lord leift. of 
 Maryland, and that he would hot be false to his trust." 
 
 After some discussion, Scarborough arrested him, because 
 he would not acknowledge the act of the Virginia Assembly 
 and placed the "broad arrow" on his door. " So thus pro- 
 ceeding," he continues, "wee went to y' house of Ambrose 
 Dixon, a Quaker, where a boat and two men belonging 
 to Groome's Shipp, and two running Quakers were, also 
 George Johnson, and Thomas Price inhabitants, and 
 Quakers." They also refusing, he arrested them, for con- 
 tempt, and placed the "broad arrow" on their doors. He 
 then "marched off to Henry Bostons," who asked a 
 little time for deliberation' Going from thence, to Manoa- 
 kin, all there acknowledged the Virginia authorities, but 
 Mr. John Elzey, and Capt. William Thorne, officers under 
 Lord Baltimore. In his report he mentions that "at that 
 time one HoUinsworth,^ merchant of a Northern vessel, 
 came and presented his request for liberty of trade w'"" I 
 doubted was some plott of y' Quakers." His portraiture of 
 the Quakers was vivid, but not flattering. " Stephen 
 Horssy, y° ignorant yet insolent officer, a cooper by profes- 
 
 ' William Hollinsworth of Salem, Mass., liad been licensed by the Province 
 of Maryland to trade with the Indians. 
 
302 VIRGIN-IA GAROLORUM. 
 
 sion, who lived long in y' lower parts of Accomack/ once 
 elected a burgess by y" comon crowd, and thrown out by 
 y"= assembly for a fractious and tumultuous person, a man 
 repugnant to all gov'mt, of all sects, yet professed by 
 none, constant in nothing, but opposing church govm't, 
 his children at great ages, yet uncristened. That left y" 
 lower parts to head rebellion at Anamessecks." 
 
 "George Johnson, y' proteus of heresy who hath been 
 often wandering in this county, where, he is notorious for 
 shiffting schismatical pranks, at length pitched at Anames- 
 secks where bee hath bin this yeare and made a plantation,' 
 etc. 
 
 "Thomas Price,* a creeping Quaker, by trade a leather 
 dresser, whose conscience would not serve to dwell amongst 
 the wicked, and therefore retired to Anamessecks, where 
 he hears much, and says nothing els but y' hee would not 
 obey gov'm't for w'ch he also stands arrested ." 
 
 "Ambrose Dixon, a caulker by prof ession, that lived long 
 in y lower parts was often, in question, for his quaking 
 profession, removed to Anamessecks there to act what hee 
 could not be here permitted, is a prater of nonsence. * * * 
 A receiver of many Quakers, his house y" place of their 
 report." 
 
 "Henry Boston, an unmanerly fellow y' stands con- 
 demned on o' records for slighting and condemning y" laws 
 of y' county, a rebell to gover'nt and disobedient to author- 
 
 ' He signed tlie engagement to the Commonwealth of England, in March, 
 1651-2. 
 ' A signer in March, 1651-3. 
 
VIMGINIA CAROLORUM. 303 
 
 ity, for w'ch he received a late reward w'th a rattan, 
 hath not subscribed, hid himself, and so escaped arrest. 
 These are all, except two or three loose fellows, y' follow 
 the Quakers for scrapps, whom a good whip is fittest to re- 
 form." 
 
 Governor Calvert, incensed at Scarborough's proceedings, 
 visited Governor Berkeley at Jamestown, who disclaimed 
 the acts of his Surveyor General, and in the spring of 1664, 
 did order Scarborough, and the surveyors Catlett and Law- 
 rence, with Capt. Joseph Bridger, Capt. Robert EUyson, 
 and Mr. Bulmer Mitford to go to Manoakin, and on the 
 10th of May confer with commissioners upon the part of 
 Maryland, and if possible adjust the boundary dispute. ^ 
 
 ' In 1666, the region in dispute became a portion of Somerset County, Maryland, 
 named after Lord Baltimore's sister Lady Mary Somerset. The first County 
 Judges were Stephen Horsey, William Stevens, William Thome, James Jones, 
 John Worden, Henry Boston, George Johnson, and John White. Horsey was the 
 first sheriff of the County ; he and Johnson, and Boston, were the Quakers from 
 Accomac. William Stevens was instrumental in bringing a number of Presby- 
 terians to Somerset County. George Fox, in 1673, preached at his house to the 
 Quakers. He lived near Rehoboth in the valley of the Pocomoke River. Bo wen 
 in " Days ofMakemie " gives the following from the Somerset Records : "Rich- 
 ard Stevens, brother William Stevens of Somerset county ye Province of Mary- 
 landjwas youngest son to John Stevens of Lebourn in ye Parish of Buckingham 
 in England, died at the house of his brother William aforesaid, ye 32d day of 
 April, 1667, and wa,s buried at his plantation called Rehoboth, in ye county 
 and province aforesaid, in America, ye 25th day of April, 1667." 
 Over the remains of Judge Stevens is a slab with this inscription : 
 " Here lyeth the body of William 
 
 Stevens Esq, who departed this 
 
 Life, the 23 of December 1687. 
 
 Aged 57 years, he was 22 years 
 
 Judge of this County Court one of 
 
 His Lordships Councill, and one of ye 
 
 Deputy Lieutenants of this 
 
 Province of Maryland 
 
 VrviT Post Funbba Viktub." 
 
304 VIBGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 In April, 1663, Governor Berkeley wrote to the Grovernor 
 of Maryland : " I and the Councell here haue considered of 
 the means of Eedresse [relative to the excessive planting of 
 tobacco] and authorize the Gentlemen of the Oouncell Co" 
 Eichard Lee, Co" Eobert Smith, Co" John Carter & Mr. 
 Henry Corbin, our Commis" to communicate our Eesults to 
 yo" & appoynted the eleuenth day of May next to be the 
 time & the County Court house of Northumberland County 
 the place of Conference."* ******* 
 
 "This worthy Gentleman Mr. Eichard Bennett' at the in- 
 instanoe of mee & the Councell hath taken upon him, the 
 trouble of deliuering this to yo" by whome if yo' returne yo' 
 acceptance & that the urgency of yo' affayres might per- 
 mitt us the honour to see yourself at the Conference, both I 
 and Mr. Secretary unless hindered by the interposall of some 
 unexpected and pressing occasion, would come to wayte 
 uppon yo" at the time & place appoynted." 
 
 On the 8th of May upon the part of Maryland, Philip Cal- 
 vert, Secretary Henry Sewall, Mr. Henry Coursey and Mr. 
 Edward Lloyd were appointed Commissioners to confer 
 with tlio* of Virginia. The meeting took place on the 
 
 • Richard Bennett, son of Governor Bennett of Virginia, after the Puritane 
 settled on the hanks of the Severn was identified with Maryland and the refer- 
 ence I think is to him rather than his father. Richard Bennett, Gent, in 1663, 
 was one of the Burgesses from Baltimore County, in the Maryland Assembly, 
 and in 1665, a Commissioner of Kent County. His wife was Henrietta Maria 
 Neale, the eldest daughter of Capt. James Neale. Bennett was drowned and 
 left a son Richard. His widow afterwards married Philemon, u son of Edward 
 Lloyd, one of the Puritans who came from Virginia to Maryland. 
 
 Richard Bennett, the grandson of Governor Bennett, married Elizabeth 
 Rousbey. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOZOEUM. 305 
 
 12th of May, at Major Isaac Allerton's at Wiccocomoco, a 
 tributary of the Potomac. 
 
 The conference was harmonious, and the Maryland Com- 
 missioners agreed that it should be proposed to their re- 
 spective Assemblies, that no tobacco should be planted in 
 either colony, in 1664, after the 20th of June; The Maryland 
 Assembly however, refused to ratify the agreement. The 
 agents of Virginia in England, Sir Henry Chicheley, John 
 Jeffreys, Edward Digges, and Francis Moryson urged the 
 Privy Council on November 16, 1664, to issue an order re- 
 stricting the raising of tobacco. In their communications it 
 was estimated that the population of Virginia was forty 
 thousand and that English manufactures were imported 
 to the value of £200.000 sterling, while they raised only 
 about 50.000 hogshead of tobacco, which sold at ^£3 ster- 
 ling per hogshead, would leave them £50.000 in debt to 
 English creditors. Three days after Lord Baltimore opposed 
 the proposition. He was not in favor of restricting the 
 planters in Maryland. If in Virginia " any live in a poor 
 manner" he thought it was "not from the low price of 
 tobacco, but from their own sloth, ill husbandry, and pur- 
 posely spending their cropps in Brandewine, and other 
 liquors, it being evident and known that such as are indus- 
 trious were not destitute." After the discussion it was not 
 considered expedient to take any action upon the subject. 
 
 After Francis Yeardley left Maryland, and explored the 
 Eoanoke region, EngUshmen began to settle in North Caro- 
 lina, and immigration was accelerated by the oppressive 
 laws against Quakers existing in Virginia and Maryland. 
 William Durand, Secretary of Maryland during the Crom- 
 39 
 
306 VIBGINIA CAEOLORUM. 
 
 wellian era in 1657, began to attend Friends' meeting near 
 Annapolis, and as his name does not appear after this in 
 the records of the Province, it is supposed, that he went to 
 Carolina and that the place marked Durands, on the 
 Eoanoke, Heerman's map of 1673, indicates his plantation.' 
 John Porter of Virginia was "loving to the Quakers," and 
 John Porter prominent in Carolina in the beginning of the 
 • eighteenth century, was the son of a Quaker. 
 
 While Governor Berkeley was in England, a company 
 was formed, of which he and his brother were members, 
 who in 1663, obtained a grant of Carolina.^ To turn the 
 
 ' George Durand conspicuous in the early days of Carolina was probably his son. 
 William Hawley, a brother ot Jerome, who in 1650, with William Durand and 
 others signed the Declaration of Maryland Protestants, as early as 1639, had 
 appeared in Virginia as " Governor of Carolina" and land was granted by the 
 Virginia legislature that it might be colonized by one hundred persons from 
 Virginia, freemen, being single and disengaged of dabt." — Bancroft's Hist. XT- 
 States, Edition of 1876, Vol. I, p. 485. 
 
 •The charter set forth, in the usual language, that the proprietors, "excited 
 by a laudable and pious zeal for the propagation of tlie Gospel have begged a 
 certain country, in the parts of America, not yet cultivated and planted" etc., 
 and saving the allegiance due the King, they were invested witli as ample priv- 
 ileges within their palatinate, as any Bishop of Durham enjoyed within his 
 diocese. 
 
 Of all the proprietary grants, the charter of Maryland was the only one 
 which contained a clause, requiring all churches and chapels to be erected in 
 accordance with the church of England. 
 
 A. D. 1621, Nova Scotia — Mentions "desire for the propagation of the 
 Christian Religion," and gives Proprietor patronage of churches and chapels. 
 
 A. D., 1628, AVALON — Mentions " desire to propagate Christianity," gives pri- 
 vileges of a Bishop of Durham and patronage of churches. 
 
 A. D. 1627, Bahbadobs — Mentions " laudable and pious design of propaga- 
 ting the Christian religion," and gives privileges of Bishop of Durham etc. 
 
 A. D. 1629, Carglajta — Mentions " laudable zeal for the propagation of the 
 Christian faith" with privileges of Bishop of Durham, etc. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 307 
 
 flow of immigration now toward Maryland, in another 
 direction, the proprietors granted to the settlers complete 
 liberty of conscience, and it was left to Governor Berkeley to 
 visit the country, and also select the first Governor. Wil- 
 liam Drummond, a Scotchman of ability who had been in 
 Virginia for several years, was appointed Governor of 
 Albemarle, and on January 7th, 1664-6, his instructions were 
 forwarded by the proprietors. Another chapter will note 
 his subsequent career. The first surveyor of the proprietors 
 was Thomas Woodward of York river, formerly of London. 
 
 After Moryson had been two years in England as the 
 accredited agent of Virginia, Governor Berkeley on April 
 12, 1665, wrote to the Secretary of State, afterwards created 
 Lord Arlington, that he was not begging for himself, 
 " knowing that no seasonable showers or dews can recover 
 a withered root," but he asked, that Col. Francis Moryson 
 who, as well as his father, had fought for the King, might 
 remain two years longer as agent, with a salary of £200 
 derived from the tax on tobacco. 
 
 In July a great alarm was created by the rumor that the 
 Dutch Admiral De Euyter was approaching, with a hostile 
 fleet, and the Governor commanded the colonels and cap- 
 
 A. D. 1G33, Maryland — Mentions " laudable and pious zeal for extending 
 the Christian religion " gives privileges of Bishop of Durham, but adds that all 
 places of worship are " to be dedicated_aud consecrated according to the eccle- 
 siastical laws of pur kingdom of England." 
 
 Thomas Thorougood, in 1650, in an essay published, giving probabilities that 
 the American Indians were Jews, remarks : "In the Charter of Maryland the 
 pious zeal lor the propagation of the Gospel is first mentioned * * * * and 
 there is a special provision against the prejudice or diminution of Qod's holy 
 and truly Christian religion, and the allegiance due to the King's Majesty, his 
 heirs aiid successors." 
 
308 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 tains of the several counties to be ready with their men to 
 cover the ships in harbor w^ith small shot, if necessary. He 
 vPTote to England that he thought he could procure fifteen 
 hundred horsemen, and two thousand foot soldiers, but was 
 in need of great guns for the fort which was in process of 
 erection. 
 
 A letter of the Virginia agent was addressed to Clarendon, 
 Lord High Chancellor of England at this time, which he 
 called 
 
 "An Humble Addresse in the behalfe op Virginia. 
 " May it Please yo' Lor'' : 
 
 " The only Shipp that is likely to goe this yeare being w"" 
 in a few days ready to Sayle, occasions this Speedy and 
 most humble Addresse to yo' Lor'. 
 
 " The narrative delivered to yo' Lor"" att Salisbury sett forth 
 the Two maine parts of my instruccons from Virginia, To 
 represent Marylands dissent from them in the State for 
 planting. To gett BristoU Patcx/fc for Eapahanock revoakd, 
 I shall not trouble y°' Lo"" w"" particulars in either. 
 
 " ffor the first, The comon calamitie hatha little raysedthe 
 price of our comoditie w""" perhapps will supply his Lo'''' w"" 
 better Arguments than formerly to oppose vs, Soe that I 
 shall lett that rest as it doth, wholy to decline it, I dare not 
 vntill further Order from the Countrie. 
 
 " ffor the Bristoll Patent Since I vnderstood that it was y°' 
 LoP"" oppinion. That it would appeare hard to oppose a new 
 Graunt to those bono''' I'ersons concern'd in the Old, there- 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 309 
 
 fore I shall only p'sent the same necessary restrictions of my 
 former Narrative, and most humbly leave it to y" Lo"' de- 
 termination. 
 
 "ffirst, That there might bee noe alteration in point of 
 Government altogether in consistant w"" the peace of the 
 rest of the Oountrie. Secondly, That the Eights of the 
 p'sent Possessors may be p'served, their Eents not raysed, 
 nor new ffines imposed, or their Tenures altered. Thirdly, 
 That there may bee timeperfixed for peopling of the Places 
 soe granted or in case of ffaylure. Liberty to others to take 
 vpp the Lands. My Lord, this is a Law as old as the first 
 planting the Countrie, and a most wholsome one, for other- 
 wise perticuler men would keepe great tracts of Land in 
 their hands, in hope of getting a great rate for it, and 
 neither people the Places themselves, nor lett others that 
 would doe it. If the time seemes too short that the Law 
 injoynes, I shall most humbly leave it to y°' Lo'"'' to inlarge 
 it, only desiring y' his M* pleasure may be consulted w"" 
 before the grant passes. 
 
 ' ' But now Lord, the maine busines of this Paper is to p'sent 
 some generall Propositions to make the neighbourhood of 
 Maryland less p'judiciall to vs . If they shall appeare (vpon 
 yo' Lo'''' view) Eeasonable, then most humbly to desire y°' 
 Lo'''' to Signifie soe much by yo' Letter to the Countrie w'"" 
 will both infinitely satisfie them,^ and cleere yo' Eepresento' 
 from neglect in their service. 
 
 " My Lord, this will appeare att first Sight a Proposition 
 rather of envy ag' Maryland, than of Advantage to Virginia, 
 But if yo° Lo'"'' pleases to looke into the Eeasons yo" will 
 
310 VIRGINIA GAROLORVM. 
 
 finde yo' Kepresento' in this Labours to p'serve, from a ne- 
 cessary Euine the poor Oountrie that hath intrusted him. 
 
 ' ' All taxes (my Lord) w"" vs are by Pole, not Acre, the losse 
 of the poorest man as great to Virginia as the i-ichest, all 
 paying equall Soe that if any comand comes from hence, 
 that requires men or money to effect it, his Lo"' Oountrie, 
 lyes ready att the Doore, to invite them, w"" as good land 
 free from all Incombrances. By this meanes, wee yearely 
 Loose considerable numbers of People, and by it have fewer 
 hands to Act any thing for our Advantage, or for the Ad- 
 vance of his Ma"" Service, and fewer Purses to pay for it. 
 
 ' ' My Lord this is no Ayrie notion of mine w'^'" I should not 
 have p'sumed to offer to soe great a minister of State as 
 yor Lqpp Vnlesse I could demonstrate the truth, by the Sadd 
 effects of it. 
 
 "His Ma''" instructions by S' William Berkeley, though 
 they did not positively enjoyne the building of a Towne, yet 
 they soe recommended it to vs, that wee must have Showne 
 a supine negligence if we had not att least indeavord it, 
 Our poore Assay of building ffower or ffive houses lost vs 
 hundreds of people w""" I hope will wipe off that odium that 
 is throwne vpon the Governm't, That wee vse our people 
 worse than Maryland, and therefore they Leave vs, and 
 flye to them. But the true reason (my Lord) is, That wee 
 are ready vpon all comands to expresse our zeale to his 
 Ma"" Service to the vttermost of our abilitie. 
 
 " I shall trouble yo' Lof w'" an other Demonstration of the 
 reasonableness of this Proposition. This Parliament made a 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 311 
 
 Law, That noe Sectary or Quaker shall bee transported 
 to Virginia or New England, Wee were extreamely joyfuU of 
 it, hopeing wee should have beene securd from those distur- 
 bances, That those people make where they come, But, my 
 Lord it was soe farr from working the good effect we hope 
 for, and I am confident the Parliament intended, that it 
 hath proved most infinitely ruinous to vs, ffor his Lop"" tak- 
 ing his Maryland for part of neither, and soe not concerned 
 in the Law, grants a ToUeration to all Sorts of Sects, w"'' 
 by their neighbourhood (a Eiver only severing vs) Infect 
 our People, and by that drawes them from vs, or spreads 
 their Venome amongst vs, Thus (my Lord) by not bringing 
 both Countries vnder One Standard, we cannot have bene- 
 fitt of any Act of Grace, though made never soe much to 
 our Advantage. 
 
 "My Lord, I aime not, by this, to bring Maryland Subor- 
 dinate to Virginia. But I desire they may bee both Soe, to 
 the King and Councell, nor doe I att all intend any thing, 
 in this, a complaint ag' soe hono"' a Person as his Lo'"'' 
 but rather Admire his prudent management. That never 
 Omitts to improve the least occasion to his Advantage, I 
 know (my Lord) it is his Lo" interest to gett People to him, 
 as it is ours, to fix them with vs, for it is an vndoubted 
 truth. That the Eiches of all Plantations chiefly consist in 
 the well Peopling of thiem, ffor had wee Mexico and Peru 
 vnder ground, and wanted People to bring it above Ground 
 wee should for all that,' remaine as poore and indigent as 
 though Planted on Bagshott Heath, the barrenest place I 
 know. 
 
312 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 ' ' Peace and Warr is vndoubtedly (my Lord) his Ma''" Pre- 
 rogative in all his Dominions. If Virginia and Maryland 
 have not the Same ffriends and Enemies w'''' allwayes they 
 have not, it must of necessitie bee a Consequence, That att 
 one time or other wee shall fight English and Indians, 
 ag" Indians and English, Soe that the reasonableness of this 
 Proposition appeares in every p'ticular can be imagined. 
 
 " But (my Lord) after all I shall humbly follow that part of 
 my Instructions to Acquiesse in yo' Lo^p^ decision (for there 
 the Countrie hath laid it) I would I had as well performed 
 the other part of soe fully Stateing their miserable Condi- 
 tion, That they might receave redresse for it. 
 
 "Having expressed this zeale to his Ma"" Servis and the 
 Countries Good, I should bee loth to bee soe -partiall to my 
 self e as not to remove the least Obstruction that any Interest 
 of mine can bee to either, I therefore (my Lord) most 
 humbly p'sent you w"" my Commission, desireing of yo' 
 Lo" That when there is a ffort built, for it hath been a 
 Castle only in the Ayre this 30 yeares, yo" Lof will be 
 pleased that my nephew Charles Morrison may have the 
 comand, a Youth every way (if my neereness to him doth 
 not make me misstake) capeable of the Place, my Lord of 
 ffawkland gott it for his ff ather, the only compensation any 
 of vs had, for the Lievtenantship of the Ordinance purchased 
 by my ffather, and settled vpon my elder Brother, by the 
 composition w'" S' Edward Villers for Master, and disposed 
 of by his Ma"' to S' William Heydon w"" a promise to conf erre 
 vpon my Brother a place of equal Valleu, But (my Lord) I 
 intend not to Capitulate but most freely render it vpp, leav- 
 
VIRGIJ^IA GAROLORUM. 813 
 
 ing both my Selfe, £wid nephew to yo' Lo^p' Goodness and 
 ever remaining 
 
 " y° LoP'' most humble and DutyfuU Servant 
 ' ' and Creature 
 
 " Francis Mobyson." 
 
 It was the pohcy of Berkeley not to encourage elections 
 for Burgesses, so that, the Assembly of 1664, was only an 
 adjournment of that of the previous year, and this was 
 prorogued to October 10th, 1665, when a stringent law- 
 relative to Indians, was passed. It enacted, that if any 
 Englishman was murdered by any Indian, that the nearest 
 Indian town should be answerable for it with their lives 
 or liberties. The Indians were also deprived of the power 
 of choosing their own chief or werowance, and ordered to 
 receive as their chief commander an Indian appointed by 
 the Governor. All white inhabitants going to courts or 
 churches, were ordered to bear arms to prevent the Indians 
 making "sume desperate atternpt upon them." 
 
 The incursion of the Seneca and other Northern Indians 
 had created quite a panic, and Governor Berkeley did not 
 feel very kindly toward them. He wrote in 1665 : "To my 
 honored friend Major General Smythe." 
 
 " Sir : I wrote my first letter to you in haste, the minute 
 after I read yours, but since I have collected myself, I think 
 it necessary to destroy all these Northerne Indians, for they 
 must needs be conscious of the coming of the other Indians. 
 If you the Council were willing, and the Council of War be 
 of this opinion, it may be done, and that without expense. 
 For the women and children will defray all expense. Let 
 me hear from you, and what you think of it, and if the 
 40 
 
314 VIBGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 first impulse do not deceive me, and lead me too much, I 
 think this resolution to be of absolute necessity. If your 
 young men will not undertake it alone, there will be enough, 
 from these parts, who will undertake it, for their share of 
 the booty.'" 
 
 About the same time John Catlett, Thomas Goodriche, 
 Jno. Weire, and Humphrey Boothe, Justices of Eappahan- 
 nock County Court, wrote to Berkeley ; 
 
 " Hon'ble Sir : Upon serious consideration of the honor- 
 able Governor's letter, and your honorable desire of our 
 opinion of them, we are, by many circumstances, and 'tis 
 our joynt opinion that the execrable murders are and have 
 been committed by a combination of Northern Indians above, 
 as their complices. We doubt not, by the assistance of 
 Almighty God, and by the strength of our Northerne parts, 
 we can utterly destroye and eradicate them, without 
 further pay, and encouragement, than the spoyles of our 
 enemies." 
 
 At the Assembly's session in October, 1666, it was de- 
 cided that the law was too full of severity, which held the 
 neighboring Indian town, responsible for a murder by any 
 Indian, without any proof of their being involved therein, 
 and it was modified, and enacted that all Indians coming 
 within certain bounds, after being duly notified, might be 
 killed by any Englishman. 
 
 Until after the days of Cromwell, the acting of plays was 
 considered injurious to the commonwealth, and in the 
 
 'This letter copied from Essex County Records appeared July 16, 1877, in 
 Richmond Despatch. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 315 
 
 daily prayer, appointed for the plantation of Virginia, and 
 published in A. D., 1612, is the following petition: "Let 
 Sanballat & Tobias, Papists & Players and such other 
 Amonits & Horonits the scum & dregs of the earth, let 
 the mocke such as helpe to build vp the wals of Jerusalem , 
 and they that be filthy let them filthy still." It is not 
 therefore surprising that on November 16th, 1665, John 
 Fawsett, the King's attorney for Accomack, should have 
 presented Cornelius Wilkinson, Philip Howard and William 
 Darby " for acting a play, by them, called "y° Bare and ye 
 Cubb, on y' 27th of August last past." The court ordered 
 that the accused " appeare y° next Court in those habili- 
 m'ts that they then acted in, and give a draught of such 
 verses, or other speeches & passages w*^"" were then acted 
 by them." The evidence against them was not con- 
 clusive, for in the records of the court held January, 
 1655-6, is the following " Whereas Edward Martin was this 
 Day examined, concerning his informacon given to Mr. 
 ffawsett his ma"" Attorney for Accomack County about a 
 play called " ye bare and y° Cubb, whereby severall persons 
 were brought to Court, and charges thereon arise, and y' 
 Court finding the said p'sons not guilty of fault, suspended 
 the payment of Court charges, and forasmuch as it appeareth 
 upon y" oath of y° said Mr. ffawsett that upon y" s'd Edward 
 Martin's informacon, the Charge and trouble of that suit did 
 accrew. It's therefore ordered that y" said Edward Martin 
 pay all ye Charges in y° suit and ex's." 
 
 The spring of the year 1666, found few vessels in the 
 waters of Virginia or Maryland seeking tobacco, while every 
 planter and merchant had more than they desired. To 
 
316 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 prevent utter ruin,' it was determined that there should be 
 another conference of Commissioners at Jamestown, from 
 Maryland, Virginia, and Albermarle or Carolina. They as- 
 sembled on the 12th of July, and Virginia was represented 
 by Thomas Ludwell, Jr., Colonial Secretary, Major General 
 Eobert Smith, Major General Eichard Bennett, Esq., of the 
 Council, and by Capt. Daniel Parked Capt. Joseph Bridger, 
 
 ' Berkeley, versed in the language of tlie courtier, wrote on May 1, 1666, to the 
 Secretary of State, that the colonists are compelled to " live after the simplicity 
 of the past age, indeed, unless the danger of our country gave our fears, tongues 
 and language, we should shortly forget all sounds that did not concern the busi- 
 ness of our farms. As we are further out from danger, so we appear nearer to 
 Heaven with our prayers that His Sacred Majesty's enemies may either drink 
 the sea or lick the dust." 
 
 " Col. Daniel Parke was from Surrey, England, and was one of the first vestry- 
 men of the Williamsburg parish. His son Daniel, whose wife was the daughter 
 of Philip Ludwell, was a violent and licentious man. Under Governor Andros, he 
 was Collector and Naval officer for the Lower James River District. By invita- 
 tion, the wife of the distinguished clergy. uan Blair, Commissary of the Bishop of 
 London, sat in the pew of Lady Berkeley, now the wife of Ludwell, and one day 
 Parke, an enemy other husband, mad or drunk, went to church, and pulled her 
 out of his mother-in-law's pew. As lie was faithless to his marriage vows, he 
 hated the minister Eburne because he had preached against the violators of the 
 Seventh commandment. Leaving two daughters in Virginia, owing to his 
 offences, he fled to England, purchased an estate in Hampshiie, managed to ob- 
 tain a seat in Parliament, from which he was soon expelled for bribery. Again 
 a fugitive, he joined the army in Holland, as a volunteer, and became an aide- 
 de-camp of Marlborough, and through his interest in 1706, became Governor of 
 Antegoa, where his corrupt public acts, and gross private life incurred the 
 hatred of the inhabitants, and on the 7th of December, 1710, he was killed by a 
 mob. While on the field, Marlborough wrote to his wife, under date of Augus t 
 13, 1704 : "The bearer, my aid-de-camp, Colonel Parke ,will give her [the Queen] 
 an account of what has passed." 
 
 Col. Parke's portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller, represented him with the Queen's 
 picture in miniature, suspended from his neck by a red ribbon, a despatch in his 
 right hand, and the battle field in the back ground. 
 
 His daughter Lucy became the wife of Col. Wm. Byrd, and Fanny married 
 John CuBtis of Accomac, the descendant of the Rotterdam inn-keeper. His son 
 Daniel Parke Custis married Martha Dandridge, who when the widow Custis 
 married the venerated George Washington. 
 
VIBGIJSriA CAEOLOBUM. 317 
 
 Capt. Peter Jennings, and Mr. Tho's Ballard, gent, of the 
 Burgesses. Upon the part of Maryland were present 
 Philip Calvert, Henry Ooursey and Eobert Slye, and the 
 commissioners from Carolina were WilHam Drummond 
 Governor of Albemarle, and the Surveyor General Thomas 
 Woodward, the devoted royalist who had been assayer of 
 the London Mint. It was agreed that it would be benefi- 
 cial to trade to suspend the planting of tobacco from the 
 first of February, 1666-7, for one year. 
 
 The next day the Governor and Councillors Robert Smith, 
 Eichard Bennett,* Thos Stegg, Henry Oorbyn and Theodoric 
 Bland, wrote to England as to the action of the Council, 
 and mentioned that they had more tobacco in store than 
 would be carried away in three years. 
 
 On the 18th of July, Secretary Ludwell, in a letter to the 
 Secretary of State, in England, bolstered up the waning 
 reputation of the Governor, by describing him, " as pious 
 and examplary, prudent and just in peace, diligent and 
 valiant in war." 
 
 Governor Berkeley on the 23d of October, again called the 
 old Assembly* elected several years before, to meet. The 
 
 1 Under the military organization of the Colony, Smith, and Bennett, were 
 two of the three Maior Generals ; Stegg was the son of Capt. Thomas Stegg, 
 lost at sea, see p. 319. and Bland was the son-lnlaw of Bennett. 
 'Assembly Convened October, 1666. 
 Capt Robert Wynne, Speaker. 
 MenricQ County. Capt. William Ferrar. 
 
 Oharlea City Co. 
 Mr. Speaker. ' Capt. Tho'a Southcoat. 
 
318 
 
 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 next day he addressed the following to the Chancellor of 
 Maryland, and also to the Governor of Carolina : 
 
 Lt. Col. Wm. Barber. 
 Col. Wm. Clayborne. 
 
 Capt. Edward Ramsey. 
 James Gity. 
 
 Capt. Laur. Baker. 
 
 Adjt, Gen. Bridger. 
 Major Nich. Hill. 
 
 York Co. 
 
 Capt. Dan'l Parke. 
 New Kent Co. 
 
 Capt. Wm. Berkeley. 
 James Co. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ballard. 
 Mr. Theo. Hone. 
 Surrey Co. 
 
 Mr. Tho's Warren. 
 Isle of Wight Co. 
 
 Rob't Williamson. 
 
 Nanaemond Co. 
 
 Capt. John Leare. 
 Lower Norfolk Co. 
 Capt. Adam Thorougood Capt. Wm. Cowen 
 
 Elizabeth City Co. 
 
 Capt. John Powell. 
 Gloucester Co. 
 
 Major Thomas Walker 
 Raleigh Traverse. 
 Rappahannock Co. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Lucas. 
 Col. Henry Mees. 
 Westmoreland Co. 
 
 Col. John Washingtc n, 
 Mr. William Presley. 
 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Capt., John Savage. 
 
 Accommack Co. 
 
 Mr. Hugh Yeo. 
 
 Col. John Blake. 
 
 Capt. Leonard Yeo. 
 
 Adj't Gen. Jennings. 
 Lancaster Co. 
 
 Capt. John Weye. 
 Stafford Co. 
 
 Col. Nich. Spencer. 
 Northumberland Co 
 
 Lt. Col. Kendall. 
 Col, Ed. Scarborough 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 319 
 
 " Most Honoured Sir : I must once more beg your pardon 
 for importuning you to send us your declaration of the gover- 
 nour, and councels assent, to a cessation, for indeed not only 
 our assembly, and courts, but all our commerce have their 
 dependence on the assurance of that our former results 
 receive no interruption by the alteration of our opinion, and 
 its the voice of all, that a cessation will make some few mer- 
 chants venture their goods to us, in these dangerous times, 
 whichj otherwise, they will keep by them, and then in what 
 a miserable condition will these poor colonies be; for however 
 we are at a greater distance from danger, we shall be the 
 first that for want of necessarys shall feel the pressure of a 
 terrible war. The last ship, that came to us, informs us 
 that the scales yet hung formidably ballanced, and that few 
 will venture to us, but on hopes of great gaines. This with 
 many other considerations make us desire you to hasten this 
 messenger, with your answer, which we are confident will 
 satisfie all our hopes and wishes. 
 
 " Your mOst humble servant 
 " Jamestown, the assembly 
 " setting 8 ber. 24:th, 1666. " William Berkeley." 
 
 In this dearth of manufactured goods, the Assembly 
 passed the following, intimating that want of industry was 
 a partial cause of suffering. " Whereas the present ob- 
 struction of trade, and the nakedness of the country doe 
 sufficiently evidence the necessity of providing supply of 
 our wants by improveing all means of raysing, and promote- 
 ing manufactures amonge ourselves, and the governours 
 honour haveing by apparent demonstrations manifested 
 that our poverty and necessity proceeds more from want of 
 industry, than defect of ability, since that five women or 
 
320 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 children of 12 or 13 yeares of age, may with much ease 
 provide suffitient cloathing, for thirty persons, if they 
 would betake themselves to spinning which cannot be pb- 
 jected against, if weavers and loomes, were once provided; 
 for the better effecting whereof " it was enacted that within 
 two years, each county should set up a loom, and provide 
 a weaver at the charge of the county. Berkeley at this 
 period, made a vigorous effort to raise flax upon his plan- 
 tation, but the crop failed. 
 
 At the request of the colonists, the English guard ship 
 "Ehzabeth"of forty-six guns, Capt. Lightfoot, was sent 
 to the mouth of the James River, to protect merchant 
 vessels from Dutch war ships. Early in June, 1667, the 
 "Prince WiUiam " with two or three other Hollanders, 
 attacked the merchant shipping in Chesapeake Bay near 
 Point Comfort, and, Conway, captain of one of these ships 
 fought them for six hours, but was obliged to surrender. 
 The enemy then sailed up the James Eiver, and found the 
 captain of the " Elizabeth" absent, with his mistress, at a 
 wedding. After firing one gun, the "Elizabeth" surrend- 
 ered, and was burned. Having destroyed seven merchant 
 ships, and captured thirteen more, the enemy sailed away* 
 leaving the people in consternation. 
 
 Berkeley now found his position most embarrassing. Sec- 
 retary Ludwell wrote to Lord John, his brother, that his 
 condition was very sad. The court party at home was ready 
 
 1 On the 24tli of August Capt. White, in the English frigate " Oxford" gave 
 chase to tliree Holland war Teasels and defeated. The Dutch Admiral was 
 killed, and said to have been the oflBcer who burned the " Elizabeth." Col. State 
 Papers, 1667. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOnUM. 32I 
 
 to reduce the colony, to a proprietary government ; the 
 people of the Colony were restless, because, the Council 
 composed of a few wealthy monopolists and their relatives\ 
 had virtually abolished the election for burgesses and thus 
 created discontent, and the Governor in his perplexity 
 determined to solicit his recall. A letter signed by aU the 
 CouncU requested that he might be continued in office. 
 Letters however reached England with much censure of 
 the Governor's passion, weakness, and infirmities of age, 
 and complaint Qf the great sway of the Council. 
 
 To the miseries caused by war with Holland, was added 
 another affliction. During the month of August, there had 
 been constant and violent rain^, and on the 27th of the 
 month, a dreadful hurricane in a few hours destroyed almost 
 the entire crop of corn and tobacco, and blew down the 
 frail houses of a large portion of the inhabitants. 
 
 The Assembly convened the next month, and " whereas 
 by the violence of the late storme, many barnes have been 
 blowne downe, and the corne therein endangered by the 
 
 'For years, Virginia was controlled by a few ricli tobacco mercliants and 
 planters, whose families had intermarried. Governor Spotswood in a letter to 
 the Commissioners of trade dated March 9, 1713 {See Spotswood Letter*, Vol. I, 
 p. 60), uses these words : " The greater part of the present Council are related to 
 the family of the Barwells. And as there are sundry other gentlemen of the 
 same family whose qualifications may entitle them to be of the Council, if they 
 also should be admitted upon the said private recommendation as Mr. Berkeley 
 hath been, the whole Council in a short time would be of one kindred. As it is 
 now, if Mr. Bassett and Mr. Berkeley should take their places, there will be no 
 less than seven, so near related that they will go off the bench whenever a cause 
 of the Burwells comes to be tried." 
 
 In the Records of Northampton County, Va., it is mentioned that in 1640 
 William Burwell transported Lewis Burwell, George Burwell and Elizabeth 
 Burwell. 
 
 41 
 
322 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 raine, many fences overthrowne, and the corne within de- 
 voured by cattle and hogs," it was enacted, that no grain, 
 for a year, should be exported. 
 
 The late invasion of the Dutch convinced the Assembly 
 that a Fort at Point Comfort, would not protect their ship- 
 ping, and they resolved to erect forts on the James, Nanse- 
 mond, and York Eivers, at Oorotoman on the Eappahannock, 
 and at Yeocomico on the Potomac. Captain Silas Taylor' 
 who had been in Virginia applied to the authorities in Eng- 
 land to be appointed engineer in charge of the defences 
 of the Colony. 
 
 In 1668, the people of Virginia were much encouraged, by 
 peace declared between England and Holland, and trade 
 began to revive. To revive' an interest in the colony, and 
 prove that some thing beside tobacco could be produced, 
 a present of silk, that had been delayed by the Dutch war, 
 was forwarded to the King, with the following letters. 
 
 " To the King's Most Sacred Majestie 
 
 " The Grovernor, Councell and Burgesses of his 
 
 " Majesties CoUony of Virginia. 
 " In all humility doe pray that your Majestie will be 
 pleased graciously to accept their present of three hundred 
 pounds of silke, being the first fruites of their labours in 
 
 ' Taylor waB at this time in charge of the military stores at Harwich, he had 
 served under a distinguished military engineer on the continent. Oldenberg, 
 Secretary of the Royal Society, who wrote to Governor Winthrop : '" How 
 happy would it be if there were an union of all our English Colonies for free 
 communication witli martial assistance ; " in a letter dated August 5, 1663, 
 writes about " Capt. Silas Taylor, also an ingenious and knowing person who is 
 now going for Virginia, for his private occasions." Pepys, in his Diary, speaks 
 of taking a drink with Taylor in the Sun Tavern, King street, London, and on 
 July 1, 1668, goes to the chapel at White Hall to listen to an anthem composed 
 by Taylor. 
 
yiRQINIA GABOLOBUM. 323 
 
 that kind, which they humbly hope your Majestie will be 
 the more inclined to doe, in regard it is a Royall commodity 
 and that your favorable recepcon of it will be a very great 
 incouragement to us to make a greater progresse in that 
 worke. And allthough it be a truth that our want of "that 
 skill which other countryes, longer conversant in and better 
 acquainted with the makeing of that comodity have is a very 
 great retardment to our making better and greater quanti- 
 ty es of it, yet we hope that your Majestie upon this small 
 experiment of our industry will be graciously pleased here- 
 after to grant us your favourable assistance by commanding 
 men better skilled in that and other staple comodityes, for 
 which this country is very proper, to come and reside 
 amongst us, that in some short tyme we may (to the honor 
 of your Majestie and the advantage of our nation in generall 
 and ourselves in perticular) introduce silke, flax, hempe, 
 and potash amongst us, and noe longer depend wholly upon 
 tobacco, to the ruine of the colony, and decay of your 
 Majesties customs. This we most humbly hope from your 
 Princely goodnesse, and may God for ever and for ever 
 blesse your Majestie with all happyness. 
 
 " Your Majesties most humbly and faithful and obedient 
 subjects and servants. 
 
 " William Berkeley, 
 " in the name of the Councell. 
 "Virginia "Tho. Ludwell, Secretary. 
 
 "22 July, 1668, Egbert Wynne, Speaker. 
 
 " May it please your Sacred Majestie 
 " Now that the peace has given us some security that our 
 first fruites of silke may come safe to your Majestie, we 
 
324 YIRaiNIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 have with al humble acknowledgments of your Majesties 
 gracious protection of us sent it to your Majestie. The 
 present is smal of itselfe, but the hopes and consequences of 
 this exelent commodity may be hereafter of an inestimable 
 benefit to your Majesties kingdomes. It is not ful three 
 score yeares since France began to make silke, yet this 
 amongst others is one cause of the immense wealth of 
 France. This country, both for the clymate and fruitful- 
 nesse of it, is more proportioned suddenly to produce this 
 admirable commodity than France can be ; but for this flax 
 and hempe we want some able skilful men to instruct us. 
 
 " With your Majesties gracious permission I wil lay my 
 selfe at your Majesties feet this yeare, and wil beg leave to 
 goe into France to procure skilful men for al thes great 
 workes. The great God of heaven protect your Majestie 
 and keepe you safe from al your ennimies of what nature 
 soever they are, this for ever shal pray. 
 
 "Your Sacred Majestie most 
 "humble, most obedient 
 ' ' Virginia ' ' subject and servant 
 
 "July 22, 1668. Will. Berkeley." 
 
 The King returned this acknowledgment " To our Trusty 
 and Welbeloved Sir WiUiam Berkeley Knt, Our Gover- 
 nour of our Colony of Virginia, to be communicated to y 
 Councill of that Our Colony." 
 
 "Trusty and welbeloved, wee greet you well. Wee 
 have received w"" much content y" dutifuU respects of 
 that Our Colony in y" present, lately made us by you, 
 & ye Councell there of y' first product of y= new Manu- 
 facture of Silke, w"^"", as a mark of Our Brincely accep- 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 325 
 
 tation of yo' dutyes & of y' particular encouragement, Wee 
 resolve to give to yo' industry in y' prosecution and im- 
 provem't of that or any other usef uU Manufacture, Wee 
 have commanded to be wrought up for y' use of Our owne 
 person, and herein Wee have thought good to give you this 
 kno.wledge from Our owne Royall hand, and to assure of 
 Our more especiall care & protection in all occasions that 
 may concern that our ancient Colony and Plantation, whose 
 laudable industry, raysed in good part & improved by y"* 
 sobriety of y" government we esteem much & are desirous 
 by this & any other seasonable expression of Our favour, as 
 farre as in us lies, to encourage. And soe Wee bid you 
 Farewell. G-iven at Our Court at Whitehall, the 25 day of 
 November, in y° 20th year of our Eeigne 1668. 
 
 To encourage the manufacture of silk, the Assembly of 
 October, 1669, renewed the former premium of fifty pounds 
 of tobacco for each pound of wound silk. 
 
 As the expense of sending Burgesses to the Assembly 
 which did nothing more than carry out the orders of the 
 Governor and Council, a county frequently sent but one 
 Burgess, it was enacted "that after this present session 
 each county shall be enjoined to return two burgesses for 
 the better service of the publique." 
 
 While the Indians, when provoked, were dangerous, yet 
 an estimate, made at this time, shows they were not nu- 
 merous. 
 
 County. 
 
 Bands. 
 
 Bowmen, 
 
 Nanzemond 
 
 Nanzemonds 
 
 45 
 
 Surrey 
 
 Powchyicks 
 
 30 
 
 (C 
 
 Weyenoakes 
 
 15 
 
326 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 
 Charles City County 
 
 Menheyricks 
 
 50 
 
 a a 
 
 Nottoways 
 
 90 
 
 li it 
 
 Appamattux 
 
 50 
 
 Henrico County 
 
 Manachees 
 
 30 
 
 a a 
 
 Powhites 
 
 10 
 
 New Kent County 
 
 Pamunckies 
 
 50- 
 
 (( a 
 
 Chicka^ominies 
 
 60 
 
 a i( 
 
 Mattapanies 
 
 20 
 
 a l£ 
 
 Eapahanocks 
 
 30 
 
 a a 
 
 Totas-Ohees 
 
 '40 
 
 Gloucester County. 
 
 Chiskoyackes 
 
 15 
 
 Eappahannock County 
 
 Portobaccoes 
 
 60 
 
 a a 
 
 Nanzcattico \ 
 Mattehatique j 
 
 
 (c a 
 
 50 
 
 Northumberland County 
 
 Wickacomico 
 
 70 
 
 Westmoreland County. 
 
 Appomatux 
 
 10 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Y25 
 
 John Lederer an intelligent German, in 1669 made an ex- 
 ploration from the head waters of York Eiver, toward the 
 mountains, and on the 20th of May, 1670, began a second 
 tour, with Major Harris, twenty white men, and five In- 
 dians. They started from the Falls of James River, and on 
 the twenty -second of the month reached the Indian village, 
 Monakin. From thence proceeding westward, on the 3d 
 of June they came to the south branch of the James Eiver, 
 computed to be one hundred miles from the Monakin village. 
 For some reason, from this point the Englishmen retraced 
 their steps, but Lederer with a Susquehanna Indian pushed 
 on in a south-westerly direction, and on the 9th arrived at 
 Sapon, an Indian town upon a branch of the Shawan 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 327 
 
 [Chowan]. Proceeding fifty miles south by west, he found 
 a strong Indian village on an island in Eoanoke Eiver, and 
 there found some Rickohockans, on a visit, who were after- 
 wards killed in a quarrel with their entertainers. On the 
 lith of June, he was at Watery, and going westward he 
 came to Sara, and on the 26th of June reached the Lake of 
 TJshery. Here he rested for two days, and then began his 
 return and on the 14th of July was at the seat of the Chief 
 of the Tuskioras [Tuscaroras] and on the 18th arrived at the 
 white settlements on the Apomatuck Eiver. 
 
 Not considering that he had been fairly treated by the 
 Virginia authorities he went over to Maryland, and in 
 April, 1671, petitioned for naturalization. The Secretary of 
 that Province, Sir William Talbot, found him a modest and 
 ingenious person and his journal written in Latin, he trans- 
 lated and published.' 
 
 Major General Wood received a commission to send out 
 
 an expedition beyond the mountains the year after Lederer 
 returned, and on Friday, September 1, 1671, Thomas Batts,'' 
 
 '"The discoveries of John Lederer, from Virginia to the west of Carolina. 
 Translated out of Latin, by Sir William Talbot. London, S. Heyrick, 1672." 
 3 pi., 27 pp., 1 map, sm. 4&, 
 
 ■Robert Batt, grandson of Henry of Okewell near BristoU, was fellow and 
 Ticar-master of University College, Oxford. By his wife Mary, daughter of 
 John Parry, he had several children, among others : 
 
 1 . John Batt, Captain and Justice of the Peace who married Martha, daughter 
 of Thomas Mallory, Dean of Chester who had John, drowned at sea coming 
 from Virginia with his father. William living in Virginia 1667 ; Thomas in Vir 
 ginia 1667 ; Henry in Virginia 1667 ; Martha in Virginia 1667. 
 
 2. Catherine daughter of Robert, sister Capt. John, J. P., married Philip 
 Mallory. N. E. Hist. Gen. Beg., April, 1885. 
 
 William Batt, perhaps brother of Capt. John, in 1643, entered 220 acres, on 
 Mobjack Bay, and in 1649, 182 acres at Pacolacke, Chipoke Creek, James City 
 
328 vmaiJsriA carolorum. 
 
 moving in a mountainous region. Mohetan country 
 was reached on the 16th, and the next day they found the 
 falls of a river, like those of the James, probably the 
 Kanawha. From this point, they began the return journey, 
 and on the 21st arrived at the village of the Hanohaskies, 
 to find that Thomas "Wood had died and was buried. On 
 Sunday morning, the first of October, they reached Fort 
 Henry, now the site of Petersburg. 
 
 On the 20th of April 1670, a communication from the in- 
 habitants of York, Gloucester, and Middlesex counties was 
 read to the Council, representing their- apprehensions that 
 the peace of the Colony was "endangered by the great 
 numbers of fellows, and other desperate villaines, sent 
 hither from the several prisons in England," The Council 
 after considei-ing the paper, ordered " that it shall not be 
 permitted to any person trading hither to bring in, and 
 land any jaile birds, or such others, who for notorious 
 offences have deserved to dye in England, from and after 
 the twentyeth day of January next. * * * * And we 
 Thomas Wood, Eobert Falland, Jack Nesan, once a servant 
 of General Wood, Perecute an Apomatuck chief, with five 
 horses proceeded westward from the Apolnatuck town, and 
 on the ith came to a town of Sapong. The next day they 
 reached a village of Hanohaskies, where Thomas Wood re- 
 mained on account of sickness, and on the 9th slept at the 
 Talera Indian village. On the 12th they were by the side 
 of the Eoanoke Kiver, and on the lith, they were slowly 
 
 County. Thomas and Henry Batt entered 5878 acres on August i39, 1668, on 
 the Bouth Bide of James Elver, the valley of the Appamattock. 
 William Batt, in April 1670, entered 700 acres in Charles City County. 
 
VIEGIlSriA GAROLORUM. 329 
 
 have been the more induced to make this order, by the 
 horror yet remaineing amongst us, of the barbarous designe 
 of those villaines, in September, 1663, who attempted, at 
 once, the subversion of our rehgion, lawes, Hbertyes, right"!, 
 and proprietyes, the sad effect of which desperate conspiracy 
 we had undoubtedly felt, had not Grod of his infinite mercy 
 prevented it, by a tymely and wonderfuU discovery of the 
 same; nor hath it been a small motive to us to hinder and 
 prohibit the importation of such dangerous and scandalous 
 people,' since thereby we apparently lose our reputation, 
 whilst we are believed to be a place only fitt to receive such 
 base and lewd persons." 
 
 Gradually the forms of popular government, long in use, 
 were obliterated, and the power lodged with an oligarchy. 
 The Assembly, the creature of the Grovernor and Council, in 
 October, 1670, passed the following : "Whereas the usuall 
 way of chuseing burgesses by the votes of all persons who 
 haveing served their tyme are ffreemen of this country who 
 
 ' On March 28, 1667, the following convicts were sent from Newgate to Vir- 
 ginia, William Payne, Edward Evans, John Ward, Tho's Harwood, Robert 
 Allen, William Allen, Jonas Sonier, Dorothy Bywater, Nicholas Danse, John 
 English, George Windrewe, William Alexander, Mathew Cotter, William Kel- 
 1am, Isaac Oliver, John Cough tland, John Smith, Mathew Jones. 
 
 Luttrell, in his Diary, under November, 1693, wrote " That a ship lay in 
 Leith, going for Virginia, on board which, the magistrates-had ordered 50 lewd 
 women out of the house of correction, and 30 other who walked the streets after 
 10 at ni!?ht." 
 ^ Jonathan Boucher, the learned colonial clergyman and the tutor of General 
 Washington's stepson John Parke Custi3,in his autobiography, has the follow- 
 ing : " Mr. Washington was the second of five sous ; of parents distinguished 
 neither for their rank nor their fortune. * * * George who like most people, 
 thereabouts, at that time, had no other education than reading, writing, and 
 accounts, which he was taught by a convict servant, whom his father bought for 
 i. school-master." 
 
 42 
 
330 VlitGlNiA CAMOLOIiVM. 
 
 haveing little interest in the country doe of tner make tumults 
 at the election to the disturbance of his Majesties peace, than 
 by their discretions in their votes provide for the conserva- 
 sion thereof, by makeing choyce of persons fitly qualifyed for 
 the discharge of soe great a trust. And whereas the lawes 
 of England grant a voyce in such election, only to such as 
 by their estates real or personall have interest enough to 
 tye them to the endeavour of the publique good ; It is hereby 
 enacted that none but ff reeholders and house keepers who 
 only are answerable to the publique, for the levies, shall 
 hereafter have^a voice in the election of any burgesses in 
 this country, and that the election shall be at the court 
 house.'" 
 
 The Commissioners of Plantations in 1670, sent over cer- 
 tain queries to Governor Berkeley, which in 1671, he 
 answered, as follows: 
 
 1. What councils, assemblies, and courts of judicature are 
 within your government and of what nature or kind ? 
 
 • The Assembly of 1722-3, made a furtlier restriction of suffrage. It was then 
 enacted that " no free negro, mulatto, or Indian whatsoever shall have any vote 
 at the election of burgesses, or any other election whatsoever." As required, the 
 statutes of this session were sent to England to be approved by the Commission- 
 ers of Trade and Plantations. Their attorney was Richard West, son-in-law 
 of the distinguished Bishop Burnet, and brother-in-law of Governor Burnet of 
 New York. He did not approve of the law, and wrote " I cannot see why one 
 freeman should be used worse.than another, merely on account of his complex- 
 ion. * * * * * It cannot be right to strip all free persons of a black com- 
 plexion from those rights whicli are so justly valuable to any Ireeman." His 
 opinion was rejected. West, on Dec. 3, 172C, died Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 
 and was buried in Dublin. 
 
 George Mason of Qunston Hall, in the Virginia Declaration of Rights of June, 
 1776, re-incorporatcd the idea of the suffrage law of 1656, that it was " some- 
 thing hard and unagreeable to reason, that any persons shall pay taxes, and 
 have no votes in election." 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 33I 
 
 Answer. There is a Governor, and sixteen counsellors, 
 who have from his sacred majestie a commission of Oyer 
 and Terminer, who judge and determine all causes that 
 are above iifteen pounds sterling ; for that is under, there 
 are particular courts in every county, which are twenty in 
 number. 
 
 2 . What courts of judicature are within your government 
 relating to the admiralty ? 
 
 Answer. In twenty-eight yeares there has never been one 
 prize brought into the country; so that there is no need for a 
 particular court for that concern. 
 
 3. Where the legislative and executive powers of your 
 government are seated ? 
 
 Answer. In the governor, councel, and assembly, and 
 officers substituted by them. 
 
 4. What statute laws and ordinances are now made and 
 in force ? 
 
 Answer. The secretary of this country every year sends 
 to the lord chancellor, or one of the principal secretaries, 
 whg,t laws are yearly made ; which for the most part con- 
 cern only our own private exigincies for contrary to the laws 
 of England we never did, nor dare make any, only this, that 
 no sale of land is good and legal, unless, within three 
 months after the conveyance it be recorded in the general 
 court or county courts. 
 
 5. What number of horse and foot are within your 
 government, and whether they be trained bands or standing 
 forces ? 
 
 Answer. All our freeman are bound to be trained every 
 month in their particular counties, which we suppose, and do 
 
332 VIRGINIA GABOLOEUM. 
 
 not much mistake in the calculation, are near eight thousand 
 horse; there are more, but it is too chargeable for poor 
 people as we are, to exercise them. 
 
 6. What castles and fiforts are within your government, 
 and how situated, as also what stores and provisions they 
 are furnished withall ? 
 
 Answer. There are five fforts in the county, two in James 
 Eiver, and one in the three other rivers, of York, Rappa- 
 hannock and Potomek; but God knows we have neither skill 
 or abihty to maintain them; for there is not, nor as far as 
 my enquiry can reach, ever was one ingenier in the country, 
 so that we are at contiimal charge to repair unskilful! and 
 inartificial buildings of that nature. There is not above 
 thirty great and serviceable guns; this we yearly supply 
 with powder and shot as far as our utmost abilities will 
 permit us. 
 
 7. What number of privateers do frequent your coasts and 
 neighbouring seas; what their burthens are; the number of 
 their men, and guns, and the names of their commanders ? 
 
 Answer. None to our knowledge since the late Dutch war. 
 
 8. What is the strength of your bordering neighbours, be 
 they Indians or others, by sea, and land; what correspond- 
 ence do you keep with your neighbours ? 
 
 Answer. We have no Europeans seated nearer to us than 
 St. Christophers or Mexico that we know of, except some 
 few ffrench, that are beyond New England. The Indians, 
 our neighbours are absolutely subjected, so that there is no 
 fear of them. As for correspondence, we have none with 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 333 
 
 any European strangers; nor is there a possibility to have 
 it with our own nation further than our traflfick concerns. 
 
 9. What arms, ammunition, and stores did you find upon 
 the place, or have been sent you since, upon his majestye's 
 account; when received; how employed; what quantity of 
 them is remaining, and where ? 
 
 Answer. When I came into the country, I found only one 
 ruinated ffort, with eight great guns, most unserviceable, 
 and all dismounted, but four, situated in a most unhealthy 
 -place and where if an Enemy knew the soundings, he could 
 keep out of the danger of the best guns in Europe. His 
 Majesty, in the time of the Dutch warr, sent us thirty great 
 guns, most of which were lost, in the ship that brought 
 them. Before, or since this, we never had one great or 
 small gun sent us, since my coming hither; nor I believe 
 in twenty years before. All that have been sent by his 
 sacred majesty, are still in the country, with a few more we 
 lately bought. 
 
 10. What monies have been paid as appointed to be paid 
 by his majesty, or levied within your government for and 
 towards the buying of armes, or making or maintaining any 
 ffortifications or castles, and how have the said monies 
 been expended ? 
 
 Answer. Besides those guns I mentioned, we never had 
 any monies of his majesty towards the buying of ammuni- 
 tion or building of fforts. What monies can be spared out 
 of the publick revenue, we yearly lay out in ammunition. 
 
 11. What are the boundaries and contents of the land 
 within your government ? 
 
334 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 Answer. As for the boundaries of our land, it was once 
 great, ten degrees of latitude, but now it has pleased his 
 majesty to confine us to halfe a degree, [on the Atlantic 
 coast ?] Knowingly, I speak this. Pray God, it may be 
 for his majesty's service, but I much fear the contrary. 
 
 12. What commodities are there of the production, growth 
 and manufacture, of your plantation ; and particularly, 
 what materials are there a;lready growing, or may be pro- 
 duced, for shipping, in the same ? 
 
 Answer. Commodities of the growth of our country, we 
 never had any, but tobacco, which in this yet is consider- 
 able, that it yields his majesty a great sense, but of late we 
 have begun to make silk, and so many mulberry trees are 
 planted, and planting, that if we had skilful men from 
 Naples or Sicily to teach us the act of making it perfectly, 
 in less than half an age, we should make as much silk in 
 one year, as England did yearly expend three score years 
 since; but now we hear it is grown to a greater excess, and 
 more common and vulgar usage. Now for shipping, we 
 have admirable masts, and very good oaks; but for iron ore 
 I dare not say there is sufficient to keep one iron mill going 
 for seven years. 
 
 13. Whether salt-petre is, or may be produced within 
 your plantation, and if so, at what rate may it be delivered 
 in England ? 
 
 Answer. Salt-petre we know of none, in the country. 
 
 14. What rivers, harbours, or roads are there in or about 
 your plantation, and government, and what depth and 
 soundings are they ? 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOniTM. 335 
 
 Answer. Elvers we have four, as I named before, all able 
 safely, and severally, to bear and harbour a thousand ships 
 of the greatest burthen. 
 
 15. What number of planters, servants, and slaves; and 
 how many parishes are there in your plantation ? 
 
 Answer. We suppose, and I am very sure we do not much 
 miscount, that there is in Virginia above forty thousand per- 
 sons, men, women and children, and of which, the reare two 
 thousand black slaves, six thousand christian servants, for 
 a short time, the rest are born in the country, or have come 
 into settle and rent, in bettering their condition in a grow- 
 ing country. 
 
 16. What number of English, Scot, or Irish have, for these 
 seven years last past, come yearly to plant and inhabite 
 within your government; as also what blacks or slaves have 
 been brought in within the said time ? 
 
 Answer. Yearly, we suppose there comes in, of servants 
 about fifteen hundred, of which, most are English, few 
 Scotch and fewer Irish, and hot above two or three ships 
 of negroes, in seven years. 
 
 17. What number of people have yearly died, within your 
 plantation, and government, for these seven last years .past, 
 both whites and blacks ? 
 
 Answer. All new plantations are, for an age or two, un- 
 healthy, till they are thoroughly cleared of wood; but unless 
 we Had a particular register office for the denoting of all 
 that died, I cannot give a particular answer to this query, 
 only this I can say, that there is not oft unseasoned hands 
 (as we term them) that die now, whereas heretofore not one 
 of five escaped the first year. 
 
336 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 18. What number of ships do trade yearly to and from 
 your plantation, and of what burthen are they ? 
 
 Answer. Enghsh ships, near eighty come out of Eng- 
 land and Ireland, every year, for tobacco; few New England 
 ketches; but of our own we never yet had more than 
 two, at one time, and those not more than twenty ton 
 burthen. 
 
 19. What obstructions do you find to the improvement of 
 the trade and navigation of the plantations within your 
 government ? 
 
 Answer. Mighty and destructive, by that severe act of 
 parliament which excludes us the having any commerce, 
 with any nation iu Europe, but our own, so that we cannot 
 add to our plantation any commodity that grows out of it, 
 as olive trees, cotton, or vines. Besides this we cannot pro- 
 cure any skilfuU men, for our new hopeful commodity, 
 silk; for it is not lawfull for us to carry a pipe stave, or a 
 barrel of corn to any place in Europe, out of the King's 
 dominions. If this were for his majesty's service, or the 
 good of his subjects we should not repine, whatever our suf- 
 ferings are for it; but on my soul it is the contrary for both. 
 And this is the cause why no small or great vessels are built 
 here; for we are most obedient to all laws, whilst the New 
 England men break through, and men trade to any place 
 that their interests bind them. , 
 
 20. What advantages or improvements do you observe 
 that may be gained to your trade and navigation ? 
 
 Answer. None unless we had liberty to transpose our 
 pipe staves, timber, and corn, to other places besides the 
 King's dominions. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 337 
 
 21 . What rates and duties are charged and payable upon 
 any goods exported out of your plantation, whether of your 
 own growth or manufacture, or otherwise, as also upon 
 goods imported ? 
 
 Answer. No goods either exported or imported pay any; 
 the least duties, here, only two shillings the hogshead; on 
 tobacco exported, which is to defray all public charges; and 
 this year we could not get an account of more than fifteen 
 thousand liogshead; out of which, the Kings allows me a 
 thousand [pounds sterling] yearly, with which I must main- 
 tain the part of my place, and one hundred intervening 
 charges, that cannot be put to public account. And I can 
 knowingly affirm that there is no government after years 
 settlement, but has thrice as much allowed him. But I am 
 supported by my hopes, that his gracious majesty will one 
 day consider me. 
 
 22. What revenues doe or may arise to his majesty 
 within your government, and of what nature is it; by whom 
 is the same collected, and how answered and accounted to 
 his majesty ? 
 
 Answer. There is a revenue arising to his majesty, but 
 out of the quit rents; and of this he hath given away to a 
 deserving servant, Col. Henry Norwood. 
 
 23. What course is taken about the instructing the people, 
 within your government, in the christian religion; and what 
 provision is there made for the paying of your ministry ? 
 
 Answer. The same course that is taken in England, out 
 of towns, every man according to his ability, instructing his 
 children. We have fforty eight parishes, and our ministers 
 48 
 
338 VlRGmtA CAHOLOMVM. 
 
 are well paid, and by my consent should be better if they 
 would pray oftener, and preach less. 
 
 But of all other commodities, as this, the worst are sent 
 us, and we had few that we could boast of, since the perse- 
 cution in Cromwell's tiranny drove divers worthy men 
 hither. But I thank God, there are no free schools, nor 
 printing, and I hope we shall not have, these hundred years; 
 for learning has brought disobedience, and heresy, and sects 
 into the world, and printing has divulged them, and libels 
 against the best government. God keep us from both." 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 AFFAIRS FROM A.D., 1673 TO A.D., 1685. 
 
 GOTEENOR BeSKELEY's IRRITABILITY. HiS MaREIAGB. SbCOND 
 ATTACK AT P't ComFORT BY THE DuTCH. GoDWYN, THE CLERGY- 
 MAN, CRITICISES THE Colony. Nathaniel Bacon, the younger. 
 Indian troubles. Rashness of Mason and Washington. 
 Bacon's Rebellion. Berkeley's Remonstrance. Bacon's 
 Confession. Subsequent troubles. Exeoution of insur- 
 gents. Arrival of troops. Deputy Governors Jeffreys 
 AND Chicubley. Governors Culpepper and Howard. 
 
 BERKELEY, in applying for a release of the cus- 
 tom charges upon certain hogsheads of tobacco, 
 confesses to Lord Arlington, that " age and mis- 
 fortune have withered his desires, as well as his hopes. 
 Though ambition commonly leaves sober, old age; covetous - 
 ness does not." In the desire for gain, it is probable, as his 
 enemies charged, that he favored contractors, and monopo- 
 lists and thus produced a wide spread discontent. 
 
 Edmundson, a Quaker preacher, whose zeal was not 
 without knowledge, and a companion of the celebrated, 
 " mellow voiced," George Fox, visited Virginia in 1672, and 
 in his journal, has described an interview with the Governor, 
 on his journey from Carolina. He writes : "As I returned, 
 it|was laid upon me, to visit the Governor Sir William Bar- 
 
340 VIRGINIA OABOLORUM. 
 
 clay [Berkeley] and to speak with him about Friends suf- 
 ferings. .1 went about six miles out of my way to speak 
 with him, accompanied by William Garrett^ an honest and 
 ancient Friend. I told the Governor, that I came from 
 Ireland, where his brother'' was Lord Lieutenant, who was 
 kind to our Friends; and if he jhad any service for me, to 
 his brother, I would willingly do it; and as his brother was 
 kind to our Friends in Ireland, I hoped he would be so to 
 our Friends in Virginia. 
 
 " He was very peevish and brittle, and I could fasten noth- 
 ing on him, with all the soft arguments I could use * * * 
 The next day, was the men's meeting at William Wrights' 
 house,^ the justice [Taverner] went to the meeting, about 
 eight or nine miles, and several other persons came to the 
 meeting, particularly Richard Bennett, alias Major General 
 Bennett. Justice Taverners wife came to me, and told me, 
 that the Major General, and others, were below, staying to 
 speak with me; so I went down to them. They were cour- 
 teous,- and said, they only stayed to see me, and acknowl- 
 
 ' William Garrott, bricklayer, was one of the first immigrants arriving in 1607, 
 at Jamestown. In April, 1630, there was present at a meeting of the Virginia 
 Company in London, a William Jarratt (Garrett ?) described as an inhabitant of 
 Virginia, for thirteen years. 
 
 Another William Garrett aged about 17, came in the ship " George," in 1619, 
 as one of the servants of Abraham Piersey 
 
 = Lord Berkeley of Stratton was one of the sons of Sir Maurice of Bruton, was 
 knighted in 1638, and in 1640, a member of Parliament, in 1643, Commissary 
 General under Hopton, in 1654, was present at the baptism of Henrietta Maria 
 infant of the King, Fled with King Charles and resided in ""Paris. From 1653 
 to 1655, served under Turenne the great French officer. He was created by 
 Charles the Second Baron Berkeley of Stratton May 19, 1653, and in 1659, was 
 made Lord President of Connaught. In 1668, he brought Twickenham Park, 
 and in 1670, was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 
 
 |ij_3 A William Wright was under sheriff of James City County. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROZOBUM. 341 
 
 edge what I had spoken, in the meeting, was truth. I 
 told them the reason of our Friends, drawing apart from 
 them, was to lay down a method to provide for our poor 
 widows and fatherless children. * * * * The Major 
 General replied, he was glad to hear there was such care and 
 order among us. He further said, he was a man of great 
 estate, and many of our Friends, poor men; therefore he 
 desired to contribute with them. He likewise asked me 
 " How I was treated by the Governor ? ' I told him ' he was 
 brittle and peevish, and I could get nothing fastened on him ' 
 He asked me ' If the Governor called me dog, rogue, etc. ' 
 I said 'No.' 'Then,' said he, 'You took him in his best 
 humor, those being his usual terms, when he is angry, for 
 he is an enemy to every appearance of good.' They were 
 tender and loving, and we parted so, the Major General de- 
 siring to see me at his house, which I was willing to do and 
 accordingly went." Bennett did not live long after this, for 
 Edmundson writes : " He was a solid, wise man, receiving 
 the truth, and died in the same, leaving two Friends, exe- 
 cutors." 
 
 About this time the gossips of the Colony were busy with 
 their tongues. The old Governor frequently did things 
 which occasioned surprise, but astonishment was never 
 greater, than when it was announced, that Berkeley, now 
 more than three score years of age, had married Frances' the 
 
 ' At a meeting of the General Court on April 20, 1670, the petition of Mrs. 
 Frances Stephens relict of Capt. Samuel was read, asking that she might be imme- 
 diately possessed of the lands and personal estate at Boldrux, Warwick County, 
 where John Hill then lived, and the next day the will of her husband was re- 
 corded. 
 
 The prominent men of Virginia were inclined to widows. Governor Harvey 
 married in his declining years the widow of Councillor Richard Stephens. The 
 
342 VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 
 
 vigorous and energetic widow of Samuel Stephens. After 
 Drummond's term as Governor of Albemarle expired, Samuel 
 Stephens of Warwick County, in October. 1667, was chosen 
 to succeed him, and died about two years after, leaving his 
 widow a good estate. 
 
 Difficulties again occurring between England and Holland, 
 eight ships of war bearing the flag of the latter, in July, 
 1673, appeared off Point Comfort, and for four hours fought 
 two English men-of-war, took eight merchant vessels and 
 sunk five. A sloop containing Capt. James Carteret the 
 weak and dissipated son of Sir George, and his young bride 
 was suffered to be run ashore. One of the captured vessels, 
 was a schooner from New York, and a passenger, Samuel 
 Hopkins, informed the Dutch Admiral, that New York was 
 not well pi-otected, and the fleet then proceeded thither, and 
 took the town. 
 
 About the time that Philip Mallory, the respected clergy- 
 man, went to England, Assembly of 1660-1, asked, that the 
 King would request the Universities of Oxford, and Cam- 
 bridge, to send ovev competent ministers. Morgan God- 
 wyn, also written Godwin^ who belonged to a family of theo- 
 
 widow of Gfoverudr Sotli Sotliel, of Carolina, whose niaiileii name was Ann 
 Willis of Ipsvvicli, Massachusetts, took for her fourth husband Col. John Lear of 
 Virginia. Sir Henry Chicheley married the widow Ajjatha Wormeley. Richard 
 Lawrence, the insurgent, married a prosperous widow who kept a tavern at 
 Jamestown. No explanation has been found of the followin<f, in a letter of Sir 
 John Berkeley written at Paris, as early as Sept. 30, 165-, to Edward Hyde, 
 afterwards Earl of Clarendon : " Will. Berkeley is married in Virginia. His sis- 
 ter Jane is coming to France." 
 
 ' His great-grandfp.thcr wr,s Thomas Godwin, chaplain in ordinary to Queen 
 Elizabelh and advanced to the Bishopric of Bath apd Wells. 
 
 His granUfather was Francis Godwin, born A. D., 1561, educated at Christ 
 church, Oxford, and made by King James, Bishop of Hereford. 
 
 Hia father, Morgan, died in 1645, and was Archdeacon of Shropshire. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 343 
 
 logians, on March 16th, 1664-5, received the degree of A. B., 
 from Oxford, and came to Virginia, and took charge of 
 Marston parish, which adjoined Middle Plantation, now 
 Williamsburg. 
 
 In a letter to Berkeley he admits that the Governor had : 
 "Asa tender father, nourished and preserved Virginia in 
 her infancy, and nonage. But as our Blessed Lord once 
 said to the young man in the Gospel, ' Yet lackest thou one 
 thing,' so may we, and I fear too truly, say of Virginia 
 that there is one thing, the propagation and establishing of 
 religion in her, is wanting." In another passage he declares 
 "The Ministers are most miserably handled by their Plebeian 
 Juntos, the Vesteries ; to whom the hiring (that is the 
 usual word there) and admission of ministers is solely left. 
 And there being no law obliging them to any more than 
 procure a lay reader (to be obtained at a very moderate 
 rate), they either resolve to have none at all, or r^uce them 
 to their own terms; that is to use them how they please, 
 pay them what they list, and to discard them whensoever 
 they have a mind to it. And this is the recompense of their 
 leaving their hopes in England (far more considerable to 
 the merest curate, then what can possibly be apprehended 
 there)" together with their friends and relatives, and their 
 native soil to venture their lives into those parts, amongst 
 strangers and enemies to their profession, who look upon 
 them as a burden; as being with their families (when they 
 have any) to be supported out of their labour. " Apologeti- 
 cally he continues ^ " I would not be thought to reflect 
 herein upon your Excellency, who have always professed 
 great tenderness for churchmen. .For alas ! these things 
 are kept from your ears; nor dare the Ministers had they 
 
344 VIRGINIA CAHOLORUM. 
 
 opportunity, acquaint you with them, for fear of being used 
 worse. And there being no superior clergyman, neither in 
 Council, nor in any place of authority, for them to address 
 their complaints to, and by this means have their grievances 
 brought to your Excellencies knowledge, they are left with- 
 out remedy." 
 
 In another place he declared; "Two-thirds of the preachers 
 are made up of leaden lay priests of the vestries' ordination, 
 and are both the shame and grief of the rightly ordained 
 clergy there." He soon left Virginia, and for a time was in 
 the West Indies.^ 
 
 Moryson, agent for Virginia, in England, wrote to the 
 colonial authorities " We have lately received, from the 
 most worthy Bishop of Winchester, to whom the country 
 hath great obligation, for assisting us, powerfully, in all 
 our negocip,tions, a virulent libel against all the plantations, 
 and Virginia, in particular, a copy of which we send you, 
 and think it necessary that an answer of it be directed from 
 you, to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Bishops of Win- 
 chester, in vindication of your government. It is written 
 by Godwin who sometime served in Maston [Marston] 
 Parish, and copy of it hath been given to all the bishops of 
 England. We have since seen the fellow, and demanded 
 his hand to it which he refuseth, and in your further orders 
 shall proceed against the inconsiderable wretch." 
 
 'In January 1667-8,, Col. Dodman obtained judgment against Morgan for 
 1000 lbs. of tobacco, and in April, 1670, upon Godwyn's petition. Major George 
 Mason, Slieriflf of Stafford County was ordered by the General Court to arrest 
 Dodman. Upon investigation, the claim was adjudged illegal and Dodman 
 expressed sorrow, and delivered up Godwyn's books which he had seized. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 345 
 
 Godwyn had counted the cost of presenting his views 
 to the Bishops and could not be deterred by a storm of 
 words, and in 1680, he published in London a pamphlet^ 
 called, "The Negroes and Indians Advocate suing for 
 their admission into the church, or a persuasive to the in- 
 structing and baptizing the Negroe's and Indians in our 
 Plantations; showing that as the compliance therewith can 
 prejudice no man's just interest, so the willful and neglect- 
 ful opposing of it is no less a manifest apostacy from the 
 Christian faith, with a Brief Account of Eeligion in Vir- 
 ginia." 
 
 In this treatise, he contended that negroes whether slaves 
 or freemen, had an equal right with other men to the exer- 
 cise and privileges of Christianity, and alludes to planters 
 who ridiculed his position, and declared that although the 
 black slave bore the resemblance, had not the qualities of a 
 man, of which "atheism and irreligion were the parents, 
 and sloth and avarice, the foster nurses," wrote Godwyn. 
 
 He was not silenced by vindicative plantei-s, and five years 
 later was permitted to preach in Westminister Abbey on the 
 inhumanity of slave-holding, taking for a text the 34th 
 verse of the 2d chapter of Jeremiah : " In thy skirts is found 
 the blood of the souls of^the poor innocents, I have not 
 found it by secret search, but upon all these." 
 
 The discourse was printed with the title of "Trade pre- 
 ferred before Eeligion, and Christ made to give place to 
 Mammon, represented in a sermon relating to Plantations." 
 
 Nathaniel Bacon, Junior, arrived in Virginia, about the 
 year I67t, when thirty years old, where his father's cousin, 
 
 ' In 1681 a supplement was printed. 
 
 44 
 
346 VIRGINIA CAEOLOEUM. 
 
 also named Nathaniel Bacon, was a respected planter, and 
 member of the Governor's Council. The young man was 
 the son of Thomas Bacon of Freestone Hall, Suffolk, an 
 ancient seat, and his mother was the daughter of Sir Eobert 
 Brooke, Kt. He was entered on November 22, 1664, as a 
 stiident at Grays Inn, London, and subsequently was per- 
 mitted to travel. Upon his return he was gay, extravagant 
 and headstrong, and with the disapprobation of friends of 
 the bride, married Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of Sir 
 Edward, and sister of Sir John Duke of BenhiU Lodge, 
 near Saxmonham, Suffolk. His father as a measure of 
 prudence furnished him with a stock of goods which cost 
 eighteen hundred pounds sterling, and with his wife now 
 twenty -four years old, he settled at Curies, on the banks of 
 the James River. 
 
 In the early summer of 1675, the Doegs, a tribe of the 
 Potomac River, charged a planter, named Mathews, with 
 unfair dealings, and retaliated by stealing his swine. The 
 Indians were pursued, and some killed. Then Robert 
 Henn, a herdsman was found wounded, at the door of his 
 cabin, in Stafford County, Virginia, who lived long enough 
 to say, that his assailants were savages. A party in July, 
 under Col. George Mason, and Capt. Brent, crossed the 
 Potomac, in pursuit and divided their forces. The horse- 
 men, under Brent, found a wigwam of Doegs, surrounded 
 it, and killed the chief and ten others as they came out. 
 Col. Mason found an encampment also near by, and with 
 those on foot, killed fourteen, when a chief ran up, and told 
 him that they were friendly Susquehannas, and that the 
 murder which had incensed the whites was committed by a 
 band of wandering Senecas. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 347 
 
 After this, great excitement prevailed upon the Maryland, 
 as well as the Virginia shore of the Potomac, and a joint 
 movement against the Indians was Arranged. The Virginians 
 were under Col. John Washington, Col. George Mason and 
 Major Isaac AUerton: and the Marylanders, were com- 
 manded by Major Thomas Trueman. The latter reached a 
 fort of the Susquehannas, on Sunday morning, September 
 25th, 1675, and was informed that the marauding Senecas 
 had done the injury to the settlers, but. they had left four 
 days before, and were probably near the head of the Patapsco 
 Eiver. The next morning there was a junction of the 
 Marylanders and Virginians, and the officers of the latter 
 were Col. John Washington, Col. George Mason, and Major 
 AUerton. About six of the principal Indians came out of 
 their earth fort, and showed by their certificates and medals 
 that they held friendly relations with the people of Mary- 
 land, but Col. Washington said '"Why keep them any 
 longer ? Let us knock them on the head." 
 
 The rash suggestion was adopted, and the fort in marshy 
 ground, surrounded with limbs of trees, was besieged. The 
 outraged savages held out, for six weeks, and then upon a 
 moonlight night, stole away. The indignity heaped upon 
 them was quickly revenged, and ten white people were 
 speedily killed for each chief that had been murdered. 
 The authorities of Maryland were shocked at what they 
 termed the "barbarous and inhuman" act of Major True- 
 man and his associates, and he was impeached by the Assem- 
 bly, and debarred from holding office, while all possible 
 reparation was made to the Indians. Virginia was re- 
 quested to censure the act of Col. Washington, and others, 
 and it is said that Governor Berkeley was willing, but no 
 
348 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 steps were taken by the Council and Burgesses. Passing 
 round the rude stockades ei-ected at the heads of the prin- 
 cipal rivers, the Indians Commenced the work of retaliation, 
 and from the Falls of the Potomac, to the Palls of the 
 James, stealthily crept, scalping the isolated planter, and 
 mutilating the bodies of lielpless women, and babes, and 
 among others who fell, was the overseer of the younger 
 Nathaniel Bacon. 
 
 For the protection of frontiersmen, the Assembly which 
 convened, in March, 1676, declared war against those sav- 
 ages, who had lately committed murders, and robberies, and 
 ari-angements were made for the raising of five hundred 
 men, in the older, and more secure counties, to be paid by 
 the Colony, and stationed at points, liable to attacks from 
 the savages. Eighty-four men, under Captain Peter Knight 
 were to be in a place of defence, near the plantation of John 
 Mathews, on the Potomac' Eiver, in Stafford County; one 
 hundred and eleven, under Major Lawrence Smith, near the 
 Falls of Eappahannock Eiver; fifty-two, under Col. William 
 Claiborne, Jr., on Mattaponi Eiver; sixty one, under Major 
 George, Lyddall near Mahixon, on Pamunky Eiver; fifty-five, 
 under Lt. Col. Edward Eamsey at Falls of Jamos Eiver ; 
 thirty-eight, under Major. Peter Jones, near the Falls of 
 the Appomattox at Major General Wood's or Fleet's; forty, 
 under Captain Eoger Potter upon the Black Water near the 
 house of Eichard Atkins in the County of Surrey ; forty, 
 under Oapfc. Edward Wiggins at the head of Nansemond ; 
 and a fort in Accomac, between John Eeddings, and the 
 Pocomoke Eiver. 
 
 The persons appointed to press men, and horses, were 
 Col. St. Leger Codd, and Major Thomas Breretou of North- 
 
VIRGIJSriA CABOLORUM. 349 
 
 umberland, Col. William Bull, and Col. John Carter of 
 Lancaster, Col. Christopher Wormeley, and Major Johia 
 Burnham, of Middlesex, Col. Francis Willis, and Col. 
 Philip Ludwell of Grioucester, Col. Eobert Abrahall, and 
 Col. John West, of New Kent, Col. Nathaniel Bacon, Esq., 
 and Major John Page, of York, Lt. Col. Edward Eamsey, 
 Major William White, and Capt. Hubert Farrell of James 
 City County, Col. Pritchard, Lt. Col. Cole, and Major 
 Thomas Cary, of Warwick, Lt. Col. Charles Morrison, and 
 Capt. Anthony Armested of Elizabeth City County, Lt. Col. 
 Edward Hill, and Capt. Nicholas Wyatt, of Charles City 
 County, Col. Thomas Swann, and Lt. Col. George Jor- 
 dan, of Surrey, Col. Joseph Bridger, Col. John George, and 
 Major James Powell, of Isle of Wight, Col. Thomas God- 
 win, Lt. Col. John Lear, and Major Thomas Millner of 
 Nanzemond, Col. Lemuel Masou, and Major Francis Sawyer 
 of Lower Norfolk. 
 
 The following commissioners were appointed to use In- 
 dian scouts, receive hostages, and reward Indians for 
 services rendered ; Col. William Farrer (Perrar), and Lt. 
 Col. Francis Epes, of Henrico, Col. Nicholas Spencer, and 
 Lt. Col. John Washington, of Westmoreland, Col. William 
 Traverse, and Capt. Thomas Hawkins, of Kappahannock, 
 CoL George Mason, and Mr. James Austin, of Stafford 
 County. 
 
 Roaming Indian traders had been accustomed to sell 
 powder, shot, and guns, to the Indians, at extravagant 
 prices, and to break up this dangerous custom, it was en- 
 acted, that if any person, ten days after the close of the 
 session of the Assembly, should be found seUing directly, or 
 indirectly, powder, or fire arms; after conviction, should be 
 
350 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 put to death, without benefits of clergy, and forfeit his 
 estate. The County Courts were authorized to nominate, 
 in each county, not more than five persons to supply, with 
 necessary goods, the peaceable Indians, but none of the 
 late traders could be appointed. 
 
 Nathaniel Bacon, junior, as a merchant had been engaged 
 in the Indian trade, having nearly completed a new trading 
 post, was greatly disappointed, when he found, that he 
 could not obtain a license to traffic with the savages. 
 
 Others were chagrined because they received neither 
 appointments as officers of the forces to operate against the 
 Indians, nor profits from the erection of the several stock- 
 ades. Throughout the Colony, moreover, there was a good 
 deal of discontent because the Governor gave the offices, 
 and contracts, to a few favorites, and Bacon determined to 
 lead this element, and intimidate the Governor. As one of 
 the council, he told his neighbors, that he would pursue the 
 Indians, without any expense to the public, and thus ral- 
 lied them to his support. He then applied for a commission 
 to lead a force against the Indians, but Berkeley did not 
 grant it, but ordered the military officers, of each county, 
 to appoint officers necessary to suppress Indian hostilties. 
 
 In the hope of composing difficulties, the Governor, on 
 the 3d of May, 1676, with an escort of three hundred men 
 proceeded to visit the upper part of the York and James 
 Rivers, and found that Bacon had gone with a force of two 
 hundred persons to the great village of the Ockinagees on 
 an island, in a river, two hundred miles southward, and there 
 while the Indians were friendly in disposition, provoked 
 
riBGIJSriA GAEOZORUM. 351 
 
 a quarrel in which the Indians lost fifty, and he, eleven 
 men.' 
 
 Governor Berkeley becanae convinced that there was 
 wide spread discontent among the people, who, for a long 
 time had been deprived of the privilege of electing Bur- 
 gesses for an Assembly. Those not free holders, or house 
 holders, while subject to taxation, were not, as formerly, 
 permitted to vote. For the first time, in fourteen years, he 
 now gave notice of an election for Burgesses, to a new 
 Assembly. 
 
 At the same time, he issued this declaration, to be read in 
 every county. 
 
 "The Declaracon and Eemonstrance of S' William Ber- 
 keley his most sacred Ma"" Govern' & Cap' Gen" of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 "Sheweth, That about the year 1660, Coll Mathews the 
 then Govern' dyed, and then in consideracon of the ser- 
 uice I had don the Country, in defending them from, and 
 destroying great numbers of the Indians, without the loss 
 of three men in all the time that warr lasted, and in 
 contemplacon of the equaU and vncorrupt Justice I had dis- 
 
 ' In the catalogue of Thorpe Manuscripts, 1884, sold in London, are the fol- 
 lowing titles. 
 
 " Mrs. Bacon to her sister concerning a murder committed by the Indians, 
 May, 1676." 
 
 "The Virginians i^leafor opposing the Indians without the Governor's order 
 humbly offered as a test of their utmost intentions to vindicate them from all 
 misapprehensions of disloyalty and disobedience." 
 
 " Gen. N. Bacon's description of the fight between the English and Indians, 
 May, 1676." 
 
352 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 tributed to all men, Not onely the Assembly/ but the 
 vnanimous votes of all the Country concurred to make me 
 Govern' in a time, when if the Eebells in England had 
 prevailed, I had certainly dyed for accepting itt, 'twan 
 
 ' The following address of Governor Berkeley in view of his election, after the 
 death Of Governor Mathews, shows his true position. 
 
 " Mr. Speaker, wee have all had ffreat and pressing fcares of offending a Su- 
 preame power which neither by present possession is soe, nor yet has a pub- 
 liquely confessed politiqae capacity to be a Supreme power. I alsoe Mr. Speaker 
 have my pressing feares too, and am seriously ntraid to offend him, who by all 
 Englishmen is confessed to be in a natural!, jiolitique capacity of being a 
 Supreame power. I have bin once already outed by a Supreame power. I doe 
 therefore in the presence of God and you make this safe protest alone, and for us 
 all, that if any Supreme settled power appearesi will imediately lay down my 
 commission, but will live most submissively obedient to any power God shall 
 set over me, as the experience of eight years have shewed I have down. When 
 this is recorded and you are still in the same mind, I am ready most thankfully 
 and acknowledgingly to serve you, in which alsoe I shall desire to secure the con - 
 currence of the Council." 
 
 His speech to the Council, March 19, 16(59-00, concluded in these words : 
 
 " I will passionately speak this last truth, I doe give thanks to God; I doe 
 give thanks to you, and pray that this admirable Harmony of consents which 
 you have shown to be in you all may be ominous and exemplary to our nation, 
 that peace may at last return to our long afflicted, miserable distracted country, 
 and let evei'y one say Amen." 
 
 In his address to the Speaker and his honored friends, the Burgesses, dated 
 " From my house " the same day, he said, after referring to Charles the First, 
 having first commissioned him as Governor, "Immediately after his Royal 
 Sonne (whom I beseech God soe to bless that he might exceed his admired 
 Father in wisdom, pietie and justice) resigning his judgment to his Father's 
 choice, sent me a comition to governe here under hiln, which I exercised with 
 all faithfulness and humilitie to his command." He then mentions the arrival 
 of the Parliament ship after the battle of Worcester, with a small force which 
 " finding me defenceless " a change " was quietly affected." 
 
 After the surrender to Parliament he wrote on May 14, 1652, to Charles, in 
 exile, and besought "pardon forgiving up the Colony of Virginia to the rebels," 
 and spoke] of Colonel Lovelace the bearer of the note, who had been in Vir- 
 ginia since A. D., 1650, and would give fuller information. 
 
 Two days after the address to the Councillors, the following was prepared : 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORVM. 353 
 
 Gent, an vnfortunate Love, shewed to me, for to shew 
 myselfe greatfuU for this, I was willing to accept this 
 Grovernment againe, when by my gracious Kings favour' 
 I might have had other places much more profitable and 
 
 " We doe unanimously concur in tlie Election of Sr. William Berkeley to be' 
 the present Governour of this Colony. 
 March 31th, 1659. 
 
 Richard Bennett Edward Hill 
 
 William^'Bernard Thomas Dewe 
 
 John Walker Edward Carter 
 
 George Beads Thomas Swaun 
 
 Thomas Pettus Augustine Warner." 
 
 Tho : Claiborne 
 
 ' Charles the Second after the Eestoration, upon July 31, 1660, renewed his 
 commission as Governor, and Berkeley under date of March 18, 1660-1, wrote : 
 
 " May it please your Majestie I have received a Commission from your Sacred 
 Matie to be Governour of this your Maties Colony of Virginia, and at your 
 Maties ffeet in a dutifull thankfuUness to your Majestie that you yett think me 
 worthy of your Royall Commands. It is true, may it please your most Sacred 
 Majestie that in a fervent desire to doe your Majestie all the service I could with 
 possibility arrive to, I did something which if misrepresented to your Majestie 
 may cause you to think me guilty of a weakness I should ever abhor myself for. 
 But it was noe more, may it please your Majestie, than to leape over the fold to 
 save your Matie's flock, when your Majesties enemies of that fold had barred up 
 the lawfall entrance into itt, and enclosed the Wolves of Scisme, and rebellion 
 ready to devour all within it. 
 
 " Nor did I adventure in this without the advice and impulsion of your Majes- 
 ties best subjects in these parts (wch I believe more timely inspired with the 
 same spirit your Majesties other subjects after were) threatened me witli the 
 omission of that duty which I owed to your Majestie if I neglected my utmost 
 endeavours of preserving all your Majesties then perishing Loyall subjects in 
 this Country ; I have a thousand witnesses of this beside the Awful Reverence 
 I ever had of your Sacred Majestie which would never suffer me to support 
 myselfe by an untruth, who would rather begg your Majesties pardon for my 
 endeavours to ;doe your Majestie Service thanjustifye myselfe in the wrong 
 interpreting the best way to it. But this relation I only make your Majestie 
 which before God is my witness (as farr as I am able to know my own heart) 
 I always in all conditions had more feare of your Majesties frownes than the 
 Swords or Tortures of your enemies. 
 
 15 
 
354 Virginia garoloruM. 
 
 less toylesome than this hath beene. Since that time y' 
 I returned into the Country I call the great God, Judge of 
 all things in heaven and earth, to witness, that I doe not 
 know of any thing relateive to this Country, wherein I have 
 acted vnjustly, corruptly, or negligently, in distributeing 
 equall Justice to all men, & takeing all possible care to pre- 
 serve their proprietys, & defend them from their barbarous 
 enimies. 
 
 " But for all this, p'happs I have erred in things I know 
 not of, if I have I am soe conscious of humane frailty, & 
 my own defects, y' I will not onely acknowledge them, but 
 repent of, and amend them, and not like the Eebell Bacon 
 p'sist in an error, onely because I have committed itt, and 
 
 " God of Heaven turn these years of affliction your Majestie has sufEered for, 
 and bv your Subjects to ages of happiness : Soe forever prayes 
 
 " Your Majestie most Humble 
 
 " most Dutiful], Loyall & obedient 
 " Subject, Servant, Creature 
 " March 18, 1660. " William Behkblet. 
 
 From your Majestie 
 " Colony of Virginia. 
 An erroneous statement has been made that Berkeley invited Charles to Vir- 
 ginia. Clarendon in his History of the Rebellion mentions not that Governor 
 Berkeley really invited the King to Virginia, " but almost inviting him hither, as 
 to a place that vc anted nothing. And the truth is, whilst the Parliament had 
 nothing else to do, the plantation in a short time was more improved in people 
 and stock than it had been from the beginning, to that time, and had reduced 
 the Indian to a very good neighbourhood. But, alas, they were so far from 
 being in a condition to defend themselves, all their industry having been em 
 ployed in making the best advantage of their particular plantations without 
 assigning time or men, to provide for the public service, or building forts, or 
 any places of retreat, that there no sooner appeared two or three ships from the 
 Parliament, than all thoughts of resistance were laid aside. Sir William Ber- 
 keley the Governor, was suffered to remain there as a private man, upon his own 
 plantation, which was a better subsistence, than he could have found any where 
 else." 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 355 
 
 tells me in diverse of his letters that itt is not for his honour 
 to confess a fault, but I am of opinion y' itt is onely for 
 divells to be incorrigable, & men of principles like y' worst 
 of divells, and these, he hath, if truth be reported to me, of 
 diverse of his expressions of Atheisme, tending to take 
 away all Eeligion and Laws. 
 
 "And now I will state the Question betwixt me as a Grovernr 
 and Mr. Bacon, and say that if any enemies should invade 
 England, any Councell', Justice of peace, or other inferiour 
 officer might raise what forces they could to protect his 
 Ma"" subjects. But I say againe, if after the Kings knowl- 
 edge of this inuasion, any, the greatest peere of England, 
 should raise forces ag' the Kings p'hibicon this would be 
 now, & euer was in all ages & Nacons accompted treason. 
 Nay I will goe further, that though this peere was truly 
 zealous for the preseruacon of his King & subjects, and had 
 better and greater abillitys than all the rest of his fellow 
 subjects, to doe his King and Country seruice, yett if the 
 King (though by false informacon) should suspect the con- 
 trary, itt were treason in this Noble peere to p'ced after the 
 King's prohibicon, and for the truth of this I appeale to all 
 the laws of England, and the Laws and constitutions of all 
 other Nacons in the world. And yett further, itt is declared 
 by this P'liament that the takeing vp Armes for the King & 
 P'liament is treason, for the event shewed that whatever 
 the pretence was to seduce ignorant & evill affected people, 
 yett the end was ruinous to both King & people, as this 
 will be, if not prevented, I doe therefore againe declair that 
 Bacon, proceeding ag' all Laws of all Nations modern & 
 ancient is BebeU to his sacred Ma''' and this County, nor 
 
356 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 will I insist vpon the sweareing of men to live and dye 
 togeather, which is treason by the very words of the Law. 
 
 " Now, my friends, I have lived 34 yeares amongst you, 
 as vncorrupt and diligent as ever Govern' was, Bacon is a 
 man of two years amongst you, his p'son and qualities vn- 
 knowne to most of you & to all men else, by any vertuous 
 action y' ever I heard of, And that very action which he 
 boasts of, was sickly & fooleishly, & as I am informed 
 treacherously carried to the dishonour of the English Nacon 
 yett in itt, he lost more men, than I did in three years 
 Warr, and by y" grace of God will putt myselfe to the same 
 dangers & troubles againe when I have brought Bacon to 
 acknowledge the Laws are above him, and I doubt not but, 
 by God's assistance, to have better success than Bacon hath 
 had, the reason of my hopes are, that I will take CounceU 
 of wiser men then myselfe, but Mr. Bacon hath none about 
 him, but the lowest of the people. 
 
 "Yett, I must further enlarge, that I cannot without 
 your helpe, doe any thinge in this but dye in defence of my 
 King, his laws, & subjects, which I will cheerefuUy doe, 
 though alone I doe itt, and considering my poore fortunes, 
 I can not leave my poore Wife, and friends a better legacy, 
 than by dyeing for ray King & you: for his sacred Ma''' will 
 easeily distinguish between e Mr. Bacons actions & myne, and 
 Kings have long Armes, either to reward or punish. 
 
 " Now after all this, if Mr. Bacon can shew one president 
 or example where such actings in any Nacon what ever, 
 was approved of, I will mediate with the King, and you, 
 for a p'don, and excuce for him, but \ can shew him an hun- 
 
VIRGINIA GABOLOBUM. 357 
 
 dred examples where brave & great men have beene putt 
 to death for gaineing Victorys ag' y= comand of their Su- 
 periors. 
 
 "Lastly my most assured fifriends I would have pre- 
 serued those Indians that I knew were howerly att our 
 mercy, to have been our spyes and intelligence, to finds out 
 our bloody enemies, but as soone as I had the least intel- 
 ligence that they alsoe were trecherous enimies, I gave out 
 Commissions to destroy y" all as all the Commissions them- 
 selves will speak itt. 
 
 " To conclude, I have don what was possible both to 
 friend and enimy, have granted Mr. Bacon three pardons, 
 which he hath scornefuUy reiected, suppoaseing stronger to 
 subuert, then I and you to maineteyne the Laws, by which 
 onely, and Gods assisting grace and mercy, all men must 
 hope for peace and safety. I will add noe more things much 
 more is still remaineing to Justifie me & condemne Mr. 
 Bacon, but to desier that this declaracon may be read in 
 every County Co" in the Country, and that a Court be pre- 
 sently called to doe itt, before the Assembly meet. That 
 your approbacon or dissattisfaction of this declaracon may 
 be knowne to all y* Country, and the Kings Councell, to 
 whose most revered Judgments itt is submitted, Giuen y' 
 xxix"" day of May, a happy day, in the xxviii"" yeare of his 
 most sacred* Ma"'" Reigne, Charles the second, who God 
 grant long & prosperously to reigne, and lett all his good 
 subiects say Amen." 
 
 At the election for Burgesses in Henrico County, the 
 sherifif attempted to read the above declaration, the court 
 being in session, when Bacon violently took it from him, 
 
358 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 and by intimidation was elected a Burgess. In a sloop with 
 fifty followers he went to Jamestown to sit in the Assembly 
 which was to convene, on the 5th of June. He reached the 
 place at night, and in the darkness visted his confederates 
 Drummond, and Lawrence, and before sunrise returned to 
 his vessel. His arrival having been made known, he was 
 pursued by Captain Gardiner of the "Adam and Eve," to 
 Sandy Point, and was th^re arrested by Sheriff Hone. 
 When he was brought before the Governor, Berkeley said 
 " Mr. Bacon have you forgotten to be a gentleman ?" The 
 reply was " No," then said the Governor, "I will place you 
 on parol." 
 
 Four days after the Assembly convened, "on the 9th of 
 June, the Governor stood up and said : "If there be joy 
 in the presence of the angels over a sinner that repenteth, 
 there is joy now: call Mr. Bacon," then, Bacon upon his 
 knees, offered this confession " I Nath. Bacon, Jr., of 
 Henrico County in Virginia, doe hereby most readily, freely 
 and most humbly acknowledge that I am and have been 
 guilty of diverse late unlawfull, mutinous, and rebellious 
 practices, contrary to my duty to his most sacred majesties 
 gouvernour, and this country, by beating up of drums, 
 raiseing of men in armes, marching with them into severall 
 parts of this his most sacred majesties colony, not only 
 without order, and commission, but contrary to the express 
 orders and commands of the Et. Hon. Sir William Ber- 
 keley, Kn't his majesties most worthy governour, and cap- 
 tain general of Virginia. And I doe further acknowledge 
 that the said honourable govornour hath been very favour- 
 able to me, by his severall reiterated gracious offers of 
 pardon, thereby to reclaime me from the persecution [pro- 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORtTM. 359 
 
 secution ?] of those my unjust proceedings (whose noble and 
 generous mercy and clemency I can never sufficiently ac- 
 knowledge) and for the re-settlement of this whole country 
 in peace and quietnesse. And I doe hereby upon my knees 
 most humbly begg of Almighty God, and of his majesties 
 said governour, that upon this my most harty and un- 
 feigned acknowledgment of my said miscarriages, and un- 
 warrantable practices, he will please to grant me his gracious 
 pardon and indemnity humbly desireing also the honourable 
 councell of state, by whose goodnesse I am alsoe much 
 obleiged, and the honourable burgesses of the present grand 
 Assembly to interceed and mediate with his honour to 
 grant me such pardon. 
 
 " And I doe hereby promise, upon the word and faith of a 
 Christian, and of a gentleman, that upon such pardon 
 granted me, as I shall ever acknowledge soe great a favour, 
 soe I will alwaies bear true faith and allegiance to his most 
 sacred majestie, and demeane myself dutifully, faithfully, 
 and peaceably to the government, and the laws of this 
 country; and am most ready, and willing to enter into bond 
 of two thousand pound Stirling, and for security thereof bind 
 my whole estate, in Virginia, to the country, for my good 
 and quiet behaviour, for one whole yeare from this date, and 
 doe promise and obleige myself to continue my said duty and 
 allegiance at all times afterward. In testimony of this my 
 free and harty recognition, I have hereunto subscribed my 
 name, this 9th day of June, 1676. 
 
 Nath. Bacon." 
 
 " Wee of his majesties councell of state of Virgiiiia doe 
 hereby desire, according to Mr. Bacon's request, the right 
 
360 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 honourable, the govenour to grant the said Mr. Bacon his 
 pardon. Dated the 9th of June, 1676." 
 
 Phill. Ludwell Nath'l Bacon 
 
 James Bray Thos. Beale 
 
 Wm. Cole Tho. Ballard 
 
 Ea. Wormele}'- Jo. Bridger 
 Hen. Chicheley." 
 
 The day after his confession, the Assembly declared war 
 against the Indians, and a force of a thousand men were 
 authorized to be raised, one-eighth to be cavalry. Indians 
 taken in war were to be divided among the conquering party 
 as slaves for life. The fort in Henrico County under Col. 
 Edward Eamsey, in New Kent County, under Col. W. 
 Claiborne, Jr., and in Eappahannock under Major Lawrence 
 Smith were abandoned, and the soldiers placed upon the 
 frontier. "Nathaniell Bacon, jun'r Esq., gen'U and com- 
 mander in chief e of the force raised," was so designated, in 
 the Act. After promising, Berkeley, with characteristic 
 obstinacy, refused to sign the commission. Bacon, as hot- 
 headed as the Governor, asked to be excused from the coun- 
 cil table, alleging that he wished to go home to visit his 
 sick wife. 
 
 Not many days after, on the 21st of June, the bold Bacon 
 marched into town, with four hundred footmen, and one 
 hundred and twenty horsemen. Surrounding the house, in 
 which, the Governor, Council, and Burgesses wore assem- 
 bled, he demanded a commission, as general. By the earnest 
 entreaty of the Council, and Assembly, it was reluctantly 
 signed the next day, and issued by the Governor. " Out of 
 a hearty and pious desire to put an end to all suites, and 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 361 
 
 • 
 controversies," all treasons and misdemeanors, committed 
 
 between the first of March, and the twenty-fourth day of 
 
 June, were "put in utter oblivion," and then, the Assembly 
 
 was dissolved. Bacon and Berkeley, were as antagonistic 
 
 as before. The Governor left Jamestown, and went to 
 
 Gloucester County, and again proclaimed the General a 
 
 rebel, and that his commission having been given under 
 
 threats, was of no validity.' 
 
 Bacon with six hundred foot, and seven hundred horse- 
 men, and provisions for two months, on the 29th of July, 
 arrived at the Middle Plantation, now Williamsburgh, seven 
 miles from Jamestown, and informed that the Governor 
 was ill Gloucester County raising forces against him, hav- 
 ing taken possession of the forts of James and York Eivers, 
 issued the following on the next day, called 
 
 "The Declaracon y^ People." 
 
 ' ' 1st. For haveing vpon specious pretences of publique 
 works raised great vnmst taxes vpon the Comonality for y" 
 advancement of private favorites & other sinister ends, but 
 noe visible effects in any measure adequate. For not have- 
 ing dureing this long time of his gou'men' in any measure 
 advanced this hopefuU Colony either by fortificacons, 
 Townes, or Trade. 
 
 "2. For haveing abused & rendered contemptable the 
 Magistrates of Justice, by advanceing to places of Judicature 
 scandalous and Ignorant favourites. 
 
 ' The King's Commissioners reported that : " The Gloucester petition was the 
 unhappy accident that made the Indian war recoil into a civil war." 
 46 
 
362 VIBGIN'IA GAROLORXTM. 
 
 " 3. Forhaveing wronged his Ma"" prerogative & interest 
 by assumeing Monopoly of y= Beaver trade, & for haveing 
 in y' uniust gaine betrayed, & sold his Ma''== Country & y' 
 lives of his loyall subiects to the barbarous heathen. 
 
 "4. Forhaveing protected, favoured, & Imboldned the 
 Indians ag' his Ma""' loyall subiects, never contriveing, re- 
 quireing, or appointing any due or prop', meanes of sattis- 
 facon for theire many Inuasions, robberies, & murthers 
 committed vpon us. 
 
 "6. For haveing when the Army of English was just vpon 
 y" track of those Indians, who now in all places burne, 
 spoyle, murther, & when we might with ease have destroyed 
 y" who were then in open hostillity, for them haveing ex- 
 pressly countermanded & sent back our Army, by passing 
 his word for y"= peaceable demeanour of y" said Indians, 
 who immediately p'secuted their evill intencons, comit- 
 ting horrid murthers & robberies in all places, being p'tected 
 by y" said ingagem' & word past, of him y" said S' W" Ber- 
 keley, haveing ruined & laid desolate a greate part of his 
 Ma"" Country, and have now drawne y" seules into such 
 obscure & remote places, & are by theire success soe im- 
 boldned & confirmed, by theire confederacy soe strengthned 
 yt Y cryes of blood are in all places, and the terror and con- 
 stirnacon of y" people soe greate, are now become, not onely 
 a difficult, but a very formidable enimy, who might att first 
 with ease haue beene distroyed. 
 
 " 6. And lately when vpon y= loud out cryes of blood y'= 
 Assembly had with all care raised & formed an Army for 
 the preventing of further mischiefe & safeguard of this his 
 Ma"" Colony. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 353 
 
 " 7. For haveing with onely y° privacy of some few favou- 
 rites,, w"" out acquainting the people, onely by the alteracon of 
 a figure, forged a Commission, by we know not what hand, 
 not onely without, but even ag' the consent of y= people, for 
 the raiseing & effecting civil warr & distrucon, which being 
 happily & without blood shed prevented, for haveing the 
 second time attempted y same, thereby calling downe our 
 forces from the defence of y° fronteeres & most weekely 
 expoased places. 
 
 " 8. For the prevencon of civill mischief e & ruin amongst 
 ourselves, whilst y" barbarous enimy in all places did in- 
 vade, murther & spoyle vs, his ma''" most faithfuU subiects. 
 
 ' ' Of this & the aforesaid Articles we accuse S' William 
 Berkeley as guilty of each & eu'y one of the same, and as 
 one who hath traiterously attempted, violated & iniured 
 his Ma"" interest here, by a losse of a greate parte of this 
 his Colony & many of his faithful!, loyall subiects, by him 
 betrayed & in a barbarous & shamefuU manner expoased to 
 the Incursions & murther of y^ heathen. And we doe fur- 
 ther declare thfese y* ensueing p'sons in this list, to haue 
 beene his wicked & pernicious councell" Confederates, aiders, 
 and assisters ag' y" Comonality in these our Civill como- 
 tions. 
 
 S' Henry Chichley Nich. Spencer 
 
 L' Coll Christop ■■ Wormeley' Joseph Bridger 
 Philip LudwelJ' W"" Claiborne Jr' 
 
 'Capt. Christopher Woimeley in November, 1671, married the relict of Jus 
 tinian Alymer, late minister of Jamestown. 
 
 = Succeeded Thomas I-ndwell as Secretary. 
 
 •^ Secretary Claiborne married Jane Buller of London and had three sons. 
 The eldest William Clidborue, Jr., of Romancock on the Pamunky. Thomas 
 killed by the Indians, and Leonard who went to the West Indies. 
 
364 VIRGINIA GAEOLOBtTM. 
 
 Eobt Beverley Tho. Hawkins 
 
 Ei : Lee W*" Sherwood 
 
 Tho: Ballard Jo" Page, Gierke' 
 
 Wm. Cole Jo'^ Cluffe, Gierke" 
 
 Kich'' Whitacre 
 
 John West : Hubert Farrell : Tho. Eeade : Matt. Kempe. 
 
 " And we doe further demand y' y° said S" W"". Berkeley, 
 
 with all y" p'sons in this list be forthwith dehvered vp or 
 surrender y"' selves within fower days after the notice 
 hereof. Or otherwise we declare as foUoweth, 
 
 " That in whatsoever place, house, or ship, any of y'' said 
 p'sons shall reside, be hidd, or p'tected, we declaire y" 
 owners, Masters, or Inhabitants of y" said places to be con- 
 federates & trayters to y° people, & the estates of y"" is 
 alsoe of all y" aforesaid p'sons to be confiscated, & this we 
 the Comons of Virginia doe declare, desiering a firm vnion 
 amongst our selues that we may joyntly & with one accord 
 defend ourselves ag' the comon Enimy, & lett not y" faults 
 of y" guilty be y" reproach of y" inocent, or ye faults or 
 
 William Jr., had a son William, and two dauglitera, Ursula and Mary. 
 Ursula married William Goooh. 
 
 Thomas Story, Recorder of Philadelphia, and a friend of William Penn, 
 visited a member of the Society of Friends, one Edward Thomas at Bangor 
 House on the 31st day of 11th month (0. S.) 1698, accompanied, he writes in his 
 iournal, by " Captain William Chiyborue grandson of Colonel Clayborn who 
 subdued the emperor of the Indians of those parts, and his people between the 
 Mattapony and Pamunkie." 
 
 In March, 1699, he went to the house of William Clayborne at Pamunky 
 Neck, and held a meetinj; at Ramoncock, at which was present Captain Clayi 
 borne, Major Palmer and Doctor Walker. 
 
 ' John Paige, in 168G, had charge of the churches in Elizabeth County. 
 " In 1680. John Clough or Cluffie ^as rector of Southwark, Surry County, 
 
VIBGIJSTIA CABOLORUM. 365 
 
 crimes of y° oppress" deuide & sep'ate vs who have suf- 
 fered by their oppressions. 
 
 " These therefore in his ma"''' name to comand you forth 
 with to seize y" p'sons above menuoned as Trayters to y" 
 King & Country, & them to bring to Middle plantacpn, & 
 there to secure y" vntill further order, and in case of oppo- 
 sition, if you want any further assistance you are forthwith 
 to demand itt in y name of y" people in all y" Counties of 
 Virg'. 
 
 "Nath. Bacon, 
 " Gen" by Consent of y" people." 
 
 On the first day of August a detachment of three hundred 
 men under Giles Bland,' a nephew of Theodoric Bland was 
 sent to James Eiver, and captured a ship commanded by a 
 Captain Larimore, and on the eighth of the month, Bacon 
 took Sir Henry Ohicheley prisoner, and sent him to Mehick- 
 
 • John Bland, the London merchant, in June, 1658, wrote to the Admiralty 
 that he had " a plantation in Virginia, bat servants heing very scarce there, he 
 went to Chelsea College to see if any prisoners there had lived slaves and ser- 
 vants in the Indies, would go to Virginia ; two mulattoes ofifered to go rather 
 than remain eternally in prison." 
 
 He was the father of Giles who had been suspended from the Oollectorship of 
 Customs in Virginia, by Governor Berkeley. The manuscript Records of the 
 General Court in possession of the Virginia Historical Society show that there 
 was great enmity between Secretary Thomas Ludwell, and Giles Bland. The 
 latter before the 18th of November, 1674, had called the Secretary abusive 
 names, and " the said Bland taking one of his [Ludwell's] gloves, without his 
 knowledge or consent, did ignominiously, presumptuously, and unworthily 
 nayl the same up at the State House doore, with a most false and scandalous 
 Libel, which contained these words. That, the owner of that glove was a son of 
 a whore, mechanic fellow, puppy, and a coward." 
 
 Thomas Ludwell went to England to counteract the influence of some letters 
 which Bland had written. At a meeting of the General Court in Jamestown upon 
 October 7, 1675, the Governor mentioned that Bland was suspended from office, 
 
366 VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 
 
 son Fort, on the Pamunky River, and seized the plantations 
 of Thomas Ludwell, Col. Parks, Maj. Gen. Smith; and of 
 the Governor, at Green Spring. 
 
 The sympathy with Bacon must have been widely ex- 
 tended, or the Governor would not have retired to Accomack 
 on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Giles Bland 
 and Captain Carver, were sent with Larimore's ship of six- 
 teen guns, a barge of four guns, and a sloop, with a force 
 of two hundred and fifty men to watch Berkeley, and 
 Bacon after issuing a call for an Assembly to convene on 
 the 4th of September, began to march against the Indians. 
 Larimore who was a prisoner, in his own ship, privately 
 sent a note to Berkeley, that with a small force the insur- 
 gents could be captured. 
 
 Philip Ludwell volunteered to lead an expedition, and 
 with twenty-six men went out in some small boats and, with- 
 out difficulty the vessels were disarmed, Bland and Carver ' 
 brought ashore, and the latter quickly hung. The Governor 
 now returned to the western shore with five ships and ten 
 sloops and a large force, and anchoring near Jamestown, on 
 the 7th of September, demanded its surrender, offering 
 pardon to all except Druramond, and Lawrence,' the ad- 
 visers, and friends of . Bacon, Lawrence and others fled, 
 and the next day Berkeley entered. Bacon informed of this, 
 marched toward the place, and soon commanded its ap- 
 proaches. Jamestown, was then described as a small 
 peninsula with the main river on the south, encompassed 
 
 ' Richard Lawrence, son of George, of Stapleton, Dorsetshire, when eighteen 
 years of age, in 1636, entered Magdalene Hall, Oxford, but did not graduate. 
 He was probably, the same person as the insurgent, who was known as having 
 been an Oxford student. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 367 
 
 on the north, from the east point, with a deep creek flow- 
 ing in a semi-circle to the west within ten paces of the 
 river, and by a neck, joined to the mainland. The penin- 
 sula was about two miles from east to west, and about a 
 mile from north to south. The town was about the middle 
 close to the river, extending east and west three-fourths of 
 a mile, and containing a church of brick, and some sixteen 
 or eighteen houses, not all inhabited. Drummond and Law- 
 rence lived in two of the best. In the settlement there were 
 only about twelve families, and most of these, quaintly 
 wrote a chronicler of the day, "getting their liveings, by 
 keeping of ordnaries, at extraordnary rates." 
 
 After Bacon planted his cannon, Berkeley became 
 alarmed, evacuated, and by night with his ships descended 
 the river, while the forces of Bacon^ entered and burned the 
 
 • John Verney, in London, on December 7, 1676, wrote to Sir Eichard Verney 
 " Yesterday came news that Mr. Bacon had talseu and burnt Jamestown, in 
 Virginia, and made Sir Thomas [Henry] Ohicheley, prisoner, clapping him in 
 chains, but keeping him alive to exchange for Mr. Bland, and that Gov. Sir 
 Wm. Berkeley had again fled." Seventh Royal Historical Oommisaion Report. 
 Clayton, the parson of Jamestown, in 1684, describes it as situated on a penin- 
 sula, connected with the main land, by a neck twenty or thirty yards wide, 
 which at certain tides was overflowed. A swamp ran diagonally through the 
 peninsula, owned by one Sherwood. Clayton wrote of " Jamestown Island 
 which is much of an oval figure. A swamp runs diagonal- wise over the island 
 whereby is lost at least 150 acres of land, which could be meadow * * * I have 
 talked several times thereof, to Mr. Sherwood the owner of the swamp, yet 
 nothing is essayed in order thereto." 
 
 In the Jamestown churchyard, was a stone with this inscription, when the 
 writer was there in May, 1886. 
 
 " Here Lyeth William Sherwood that was Born in the parish of White Chap- 
 pel near London. A Great Sinner Waiting lor a Joyfull Resurrection." At the 
 beginning of the swamp was a half moon brick wall for defence. This was 
 built after 1673, for on May 17th of this year, complaint was made to the 
 General Court that Drummond and Howe who had agreed to build a fort, had 
 
368 VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 
 
 church* and dweUings of the town. Lawrence set fire to 
 his own house, and directed the other incendiaries. 
 
 Bacon then marched to the Governor's plantation, 
 at Green Spring, where he rested for two or three 
 days, and then proceeded to Gloucester County, and 
 made his headquarters, at the plantation of Colonel 
 Warner. Here he became sick and on the first of Oc- 
 tober, died at the house of Mr. Pate.° After this In- 
 
 brought the bricks and then the work had ceased. There was also near it a de- 
 serted tetragon earth-work. 
 
 ' The church now in ruins, Bishop Meade in his Old ParUhea of Virginia 
 thinks was not erected, until after 1676, and his reasons for this opinion are 
 good. 
 
 It must not be forgotten that there were no brick buildings before A.D., 1640, 
 in Jamestown. Governor Harvey in a letter, alludes to the brick house erected 
 by his Secretary, Richard Kemp, "the fairest ever known in this country for sub- 
 stance and uniformity." At this time Harvey mentions that contributions had 
 been made for the first brick church. Near the present ruined church, there 
 can be seen, the ruins of another brick church 28 X 56 feet in dimensions, with 
 a tower 18 ft. square. This is the remnant of the church that the insurgents 
 burned . 
 
 After the burning, the parish was served by the John Gough who died January 
 15th, 1683-4, and his successor a parson of Jamestown, was John Clayton, a cor- 
 respondent of Rober Boyle the philosopher and philanthropist. The building 
 whose tower is still seen by the traveler, must have been erected between 1677, 
 and 1684. 
 
 = Richard Pate, Dec. 12, 1650, entered 1141 acres, on north side of York river, 
 died in 1657, and letters of administration were issued to his nephew John Pate. 
 Bacon probably died at John Pate's house. Oldmixou often inaccurate, men- 
 tions that he died at the house of Dr Green, 
 
 A pamphlet appears to have been published in London, in 1677, relative to the 
 rebellion, with the title " Strange News from Virginia being a relation of all the 
 occurrences in that Country since the death of Nathaniel Bacon, with an account 
 of thirteen persons tried and executed for their rebellion there.'' A writer in 
 London " Notes and Queries " 2 Ser., Vol. xi, p. 300, mentions that is chiefly ex- 
 tracts from a letter of Sir John Berry, the commander of the troops sent out. 
 This however may be the pamphlet of eight pages, whose real title page is: 
 " Strange News from Virginia ; Being a full and true Account of the Life and 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 369 
 
 gram' assumed command, Major Eobert Beverley a friend 
 of Berkeley, captured a Colonel Hansford born in Virginia, 
 carried him to Accomack, where he was brought before a 
 court martial and quickly suspended from the gaUows. 
 Beverley returning to the western shore, seized Major 
 Oheeseman, and Captain Wilford who was the second son 
 of a poor knight, who had been killed while fighting for 
 King Charles. The former died in prison, while his wife 
 was insulted by the coarse words of the Governor. The 
 latter was "a small man with a great heart" who had 
 for some years been an Indian interpreter. Captain Farlow, 
 whose niece was the wife of Cheeseman, a good scholar, and 
 liked by his neighbors, was executed about the same time. 
 
 Death of Nathaniel Bacon, Eaq., who was the only cause and Original of all the 
 late troubles in that Country. With a full relation of all the Accidents which 
 have happened in the late War tliere between the Christians, and Indians. 
 London, published for William Harris, 1677." 
 
 The writer of the pamphlet, published by Harris, makes the following re- 
 marks on Bacon's death : " It is reported, by some, that this Mr. Bacon was a 
 very hard drinker, and that he dyed by imbibing or taking in too much brandy. 
 But I am informed by those who are Persons of undoubted reputation, and had 
 the happiness to see the same letter which gave his Majesty an account of his 
 death, that there was no such thing therein mentioned; he was certainly a per- 
 son indeed with great natural parts, which, notwithstanding his juvenile extrav- 
 agances he had endued with many elaboiate acquisitions, and by help of 
 learning and study knew how to manage them, to a Miracle, it being the gene- 
 ral vogue of all that knew him that he usually spoke as much sense, in a few 
 words, and declared that sense as opportunely *»*«*« where- 
 fore as I am myself a lover of Ingenuity, though an abhorrer of disturbance, or 
 Rebellion, I think fit, since Providence was pleased to" let him dye a Natural 
 death in his Bed, not to asperse him, with saying, that he killed himself, with 
 drinking." Bacon's only daughter, Mary, married Hugh Chamberlain, physi- 
 cian to Queen Anna. 
 
 ' Probably William Ingram of New Kent to whom on April 5, 1671, there 
 was a grant of 2500 acres at the head of Pamunkey River. John Hansford who 
 died in 1671, left two sons, John and William. 
 
 17 
 
370 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 After Bacon's death, and these executions, Berkeley left 
 Accomack, and came to the mouth of York river, when a 
 ship commanded by Capt. Grantham, arrived from England. 
 Capt. Christopher Evelin had arrived in England, with the 
 startHng intelligence, that there was an insurrection.' The 
 King immediately ordered troops to be raised for the support 
 of the Governor. As recruiting officers with men beating 
 drums, for men, to enlist for the Virginia campaign, 
 marched up and down the streets of London, there was 
 much discussion among the merchants, whether this first 
 sending of troops to the Colony, was a wise step. In Sep- 
 tember, Sir. John Berry, Herbert Jeffreys, and Francis 
 Moryson, once Governor, were appointed Commissioners, 
 to proceed to Virginia, to examine, and report on the con- 
 dition of the Colony, and at the same time, a royal pardon 
 was sent out, for all except Bacon. Governor Berkeley 
 having sent over his resignation on the ground of his age 
 and bodily weakness, Jeffreys, on the 11th of November, 
 was also commissioned as his successor. 
 
 Sir John Werden, secretary of Duke of York, on the 30th of 
 November, 1676, wrote from St. James, to Governor Andros 
 of New York, enclosing an order " from his Ma''' to forbidd 
 yo' admitting any of the accomplices of Bacon, the chiefe of 
 the seditious in Virginia, into yo' governm'nt, a caution w'*" 
 I presume you needed not, but y" order from the King will 
 by shewing His Ma" displesure ag" y"", obviate all such 
 plausible pretences as they may have scattered about to 
 
 ' In the proceedings of the General Court at James City on April 5, 1671, 
 there is notice of a suit of William Drummond and Capt. Christopher Evelin 
 against the estate of John Currer. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 371 
 
 debauch the fidehty or attract the pitty of the neighbour 
 colonyes. 
 
 " Att the same time, I may tell you besides, that S' John 
 Berry is already gone with the BristoU frigate, and a ketch; 
 that the forces desyned to reduce those people unto their due 
 obedience are now well embarked and in the Downes way- 
 teing for the first opportunity of fayre wind to sett sayle: 
 I wish them good successe y' being a matter of noe small 
 importance to His Ma" service." 
 
 Capt. Thomas Grantham, who had passed the winter of 
 1672-3, in Virginia, sailed from England, with the ship 
 "Concord" carrying thirty-two guns, and by the first of 
 January, 1677, was at the mouth of York Eiver, with the 
 news that soldiers were coming. The presence of a ship of 
 war, under a kind, firm, and prudent commander, acted 
 Uke oil upon troubled waters, and the authority of the 
 King's Governor, began to be recognized. Grantham 
 soon after his arrival, went to Portopatank, and near Mr. 
 Pate's house held a conference with the insurgent leaders, 
 and showed the folly of a small band holding out in oppo- 
 sition to the strength of England and concluded his address 
 in these words . "Have you not heard what numerous 
 forces are coming from England to suppress your tumoul- 
 tuous proceedings ? * * * * Hearken therefore to the 
 tenders of peace, before it is too late; consult, like men of 
 sense, your own felicity; and quietly lay down your arms." 
 Governor Berkeley could not resist the influence of such 
 a peace-maker, and as the result of moderation many took 
 an oath renouncing the rebellion.' 
 
 ' The oath was in these words " I do willingly and heartily declare 
 
 that I know, and in my conscience, believe Richard Lawrence, and many others 
 
372 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 Before the disturbances were quieted Captain Hubert Far- 
 rell, accompanied by Councillor Bacon, the relative of the 
 deceased insurgent, and Colonel Ludwell, went with an 
 armed party, to dislodge Major Thomas Whaly, in posses- 
 sion of Councillor Bacon's house. In the attack upon the 
 house, Farrell was killed, and his men fled. 
 
 Grantham arriving at West Point, at the junction of the 
 Pamunky with the York Eiver, had a most satisfactory talk 
 with the insurgents there, and they sailed down with him, 
 to Tindall's Point, to give in their submission to Governor 
 Berkeley who was still at this place 
 
 Dummond and Lawrence, at this time, remained with a 
 small force at a brick house, in New Kent County, on the 
 south side of York Eiver, two miles from West Point. 
 
 The ships with the troops and commissioners, of which 
 they had been informed, by Captain Grantham, on the 29th 
 of January, 1676-Y, entered the Chesapeake Bay. Berkeley 
 came to Kiquotan now Hampton, and went on board the 
 ship " Bristol " to confer with the Commissioners, and gave 
 them a list of those then executed.' An Assembly was 
 
 with him, to be in open rebellion against the King's most Sacred Majesty, and 
 against the Bight Honourable the Governor of Virginia, and the good estab- 
 lish'd laws and peace of this Colony of Virginia. Which rebellion I do from 
 my heart abhor and detest and do therefore most willingly, freely, and from my 
 heftrt, swear my full allegiance to the King's most Excellent Majesty ; and 
 that I will with my life and whole estate, serve and obey the Bight Honour- 
 able, the Governor and obey all such magistrates and officers as he shall from 
 time to time appoint over me ; and with them, or any of them, use my utmost 
 endeavour to my life's end, to take, seize, kill, and destroy all such persons 
 whatsoever as either now are, or hereafter shall be in such rebellion as is recited. 
 This oath I do most heartily, freely and willingly take, in the presence of 
 Almighty God. So help me God.'' 
 
 'The immoral and immodest Aphra Behn wrote a play which was published 
 ■with the title : 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 373 
 
 called to meet on the 20th of February at Green Spring, the 
 Governor's home. While the King had ordered a general 
 amnesty" to all, except Bacon, the Governor in opposition to 
 the wish of the Commissioners, executed in all, twenty- three 
 persons. At a court martial held on board Capt. John 
 Martin's ship, in York Eiver on January 11th, Thomas 
 Hall was condemned to be hung, and the next day Thomas 
 Young, Henry Page and James Wilson. 
 
 William Drummond, in Ohickahominy swamp, was cap- 
 tured and when brought before Berkeley, he was stripped, 
 the ring torn from his finger, and treated in a barbarous 
 manner. Although he had not borne arms, nor held any 
 ofi&ce under Bacon, he was arraigned on the.20th of January, 
 before a court martial which met at the house of Ool. James 
 Bray, condemned at one o'clock and hung at Middle Plan- 
 tation, three hours after his sentence was passed. 
 
 "The Widdow Banter, or The History of Bacon in Virginia, A Tragi- 
 comedy. Acted by their Majesties Servants " 
 
 In it two friends at Jamestown thus converse 
 
 " Hazcn-d. This unexpected happiness o'erjoys 1 Who could have imagined 
 to have found thee in Virginia ! 
 
 " Friend. My uncle's dying here, left me a considerable plantation. * * * » 
 but pr'ythee what drew thee to this part of the new world ? 
 
 "Hazard. Why, faith, ill company, and the common vice of the town, 
 saming * » * * I had rather starve abroad, than live pitied, and despised 
 at home. 
 
 " Friend. Would he [the new Governor] were lauded, we hear he is a noble 
 gentleman. 
 
 " Hazard. He has all the qualities of a gentleman, besides he is nobly born. 
 
 " Friend. This country wants nothing but to be peopled with a well born 
 race, to make it one of the best colonies in the world * * * * but we are ruled 
 by a Council, some of which have been, perhaps, transported criminals, who, 
 having now acquired great estates, are now become Your Honour and Rt. Wor- 
 shipful, and possess all places." 
 
374 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 On the 24th of the month, another court martial was held 
 at Green Spring, and sentence of death passed upon James 
 Crewes, William Cookson, John Digby, William Eookings, 
 William West, and John Turner. The last two made their 
 escape. 
 
 After the legislative Assembly convened, civil courts 
 were resumed and prisoners were tried by a jury of free- 
 holders and house-keepers. A court was held on the 8th of 
 March, when the King's Commissioners sat on the bench, 
 and Giles Bland* and Eobert Jones were found guilty of 
 treason, and condemned to death, the next day Anthony 
 Arnold, Eichard Turner and Eobert Stoakes were sentenced 
 to be hung and the third day John Isles and Eichard 
 Pomfroy. 
 
 On the 16th of March, John Whitson, and WiUiam Scar- 
 borough were found guilty, and sentenced to die. 
 
 The Assembly, "because mercy is acceptable to God" 
 enacted that Col. Thomas Goodrich'' and Thomas Gordon, a 
 
 ' Giles Bland, nephew of Theodoric, had been opposed to the Berkeley clique 
 for some time. He was arraigned before the General Court, Nov. 21, 1674, at 
 Jamestown, for calling Thomas Ludwell Secretary of the Colony, " a puppy, a 
 pitiful fellow, and son of a whore," as has been mentioned in another foot note. 
 
 The father of Giles Bland according to O'Hart was the John Bland of London 
 of whom Pepys wrote in his Diary of June 12, 1680 " Mr. John Bland Merchant 
 was buryed in ye chancil in St. Olave's Church, Hart Street." 
 
 Giles married Frances Proby and left a son Giles whose wife was Mary Brown. 
 
 Giles the grandson was born in 1703, and in 1756, died childless. 
 
 • Among the mauusoripts of Leed Castle, County Kent, England, there is a let- 
 ter from F. Berkeley dated Aug. 9, 1677, in which the writer says he sends a 
 narrative compiled from the memoirs of Robert Holden, Langston, Gutteridge, 
 [Goodrich] and others. He wrote perhaps to Governor Berkeley as the letter 
 has no address, that as soon as the addressee's back was turned the " Lieut Go- 
 vernor said he would lay £100 tiiat the addressee would not be permitted to see 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 375 
 
 church of England minister, on bended knees, with ropes 
 about their necks, should appear before Eappahannock court 
 and acknowledge their rebellious acts, the former also to 
 pay a fine, and the latter never to perform ministerial func- 
 tion in the Colony. Several others were ordered to endure 
 similar disgrace. Joseph Ingram, Gregory Walklett, and 
 George Milner, who were insurgent officers when West 
 Point was surrendered were declared incapable of any office 
 other than that of constable, and road surveyor, yet Milner 
 had used his influence to quell the insurrection.^ 
 
 Richard Lawrence, and Major Thomas Whaly, expecting 
 neither justice, nor mercy, from the implacable Governor, 
 
 the King, but would be sent to the Tower. — Appendix, 6th Report Boyal His- 
 torical Commission. 
 
 Reference is made to Col. Thomas Goodrich, John Langston, and Kobert Hol- 
 den. The last became a prominent citizen in Carolina, and in 1679, was com- 
 missioned to explore to " or beyoEd the Apalatian mountains." 
 
 ' " On January 7, 1676-7, Milner sent this note to Capt, Grantham. 
 
 " Sir : You have undertaken a work that will speak your everlasting fame 
 and glory ; the consolidating our sad differences, preventing the sword and 
 famine, with other horrors, that gaping, were ready to swallow up this miserable 
 country. The service you will do herein to the Almighty, to our dread Sove- 
 reign, the Governor, and the Country, will make you honourably spoken of 
 throughout the World I have only to add, that since now, as I hope it will 
 appear by the whole series of my actions, my life, and fortune are both shipp'd 
 off with the Governor and his friends ; if therefore I may be thought worthy to 
 advise I shall leave to your serious consideration; that if you think good the 
 Honourable Governor be persuaded to proceed by the same method his Majesty 
 did at ids restoration, by a Declaration from Bredagh. Such a one here from 
 his Honour, would abundantly settle the minds of hundreds, that are at present 
 ammus'd [amazed] and at a full stand. All I add is that Mercy and Indemnity 
 were ever yet a graater friend to Peace, than Severity, tho' Justice were on the 
 same side. I beseech you to dispatch the bearer, back, lest I am forc'd to come 
 single, and then render myself incapable of doing that service to the Honour- 
 able Governor, which is designed by 
 
 " Tour faithful servant, 
 
 " Qko. Melnkb." 
 
376 VIRGINIA GAUOLORVM. 
 
 left the Colony, and many of the common people, panic 
 stricken went to Carolina, Maryland, and other places' to 
 find a home. 
 
 Among the Harleian MSS., in the British Museum is the 
 following Ust of Berkeley, which has heen published in the 
 Force Historical Tracts. 
 
 ''A List of j^hose that have keen executed fok y= Lath 
 
 Rebellion. 
 
 1. One Johnson a stirer of the people to sedition, but no 
 fighter. [John Johnson.] 
 
 2. One Barlow, one of Cromwell's soldiers very active m 
 this rebelHon and taken with forty men coming to surprise 
 me in Accomack. [George Farloe ?] 
 
 S. One Carver a valiant man, and stout seaman, taken 
 miraculously, who came with Bland, with equal com'n, and 
 200 men, to take me, and some other gentlemen that 
 assisted me, with the help of 200 soldiers, miraculously de- 
 hvered into my hand. [William Carver.] 
 
 4. One Wilford an Interpreter that frightened the Queen 
 of Pamunkey from y" lands she had granted her by the As- 
 sembly, a month after peace was concluded with her. 
 [Thomas Wilford.] 
 
 5. One Hartford a valiant stout man and most resolved 
 rebel. [Thomas Hansford ?] 
 
 ' In tlie Boston Town Records, under date of July 29, 1678, Is this entry : 
 " "William Mason, brick -layer, Charles Cleate dancing-master, Clasen Wheeler 
 his seru't fiddler, of Virginia, all at John Smith's butcher, and p. George Joy, 
 said to be in the rebellion of Nathaniel Bakou there." 
 
VinGINIA CAROLOBUM. 377 
 
 At York whilst I lay there. 
 
 1. One Young, commissionated by General Moncke long 
 before he declared for y' King. [Thomas Young. J 
 
 2. One Page, a carpenter, formerly my servant, but for 
 his violence used against the Eoyal Party, made a colonel. 
 [Henry Page.] 
 
 3. One Harris, shot to death a valiant, loyalist prisoner. 
 
 4. One Hall, a Clerk of a County but more useful to the 
 Rebels than 40 army men, that dyed very penitent, confes- 
 sing his rebellion against his King and his ingratitude to me. 
 [Thomas Hall of New Kent County.] 
 
 Att Middle Plantation. 
 One Drummond a Scotchman that we all suppose was the 
 originall cause of the whole rebellion, with a common 
 Frenchman [John Baptista] that had been very bloody. 
 
 Condemned at my house. 
 
 1. One Col'l Crewe, Bacon's parasyte that continually 
 went about y° country extolling Mr. Bacon's actions (justi- 
 fying his rebellion). [James Crewes.] 
 
 2. One Cookson taken in rebeUion. [Wm. Cookson]. 
 
 3. One Danby from a servant made a captain. [John 
 
 Digby?] 
 
 [Signed] " William Berkeley." 
 
 James Wilson, formerly a servant, condemned the same 
 day, as Page, does not appear on the list. Thomas Young, 
 was the son of Capt. Thos. Young, who in 1634, explored 
 the Delaware River. Scull in The Evelyns in America, 
 gives the following from the Public Record office, London. 
 48 
 
378 VIRGINIA GAROLORTIM. 
 
 " An Account of the Estate of Thomas Younge who was 
 taken prisoner, he being an OfiEicer in the EebeUion was 
 condemned by a Court Martiall, and hanged in York County 
 in January last. This being taken upon the oath of Mary, 
 his relict, who hath given bond for the same : Imprimis, a 
 Plantation with a good dwelling house, a very good tobacco 
 house, and an Indifferent good Orchard, their seat being 
 400 acres of land in James City County." 
 
 George Evelin was his cousin, who was formerly com- 
 mander of Kent Island in Chesapeake Bay. Evelin in 
 1649, bought of Thomas G-randon, land in James City 
 County which the next year he gave to his son Mount] oy. 
 Gov. Berkeley on June 20, 1651, granted 600 acres in James 
 City County to Mountjoy. On the 29th of November, 1653, 
 he married Dorothy, the daughter of Col. t)bedience Eobius 
 of the Eastern Shore of Chesapeake Bay, and after his 
 death, she became the wife of William Andrews Jr., An- 
 drews in the proceedings of the General Court, in April, 
 1670, appears as the guardian of George, the son of Mount- 
 joy Evelin". 
 
 The Commissioners one of whom, Jeffreys, held the Com- 
 mission as Governor, remonstrated with Berkeley upon 
 his harsh and impolitic course, and had no intercourse with 
 
 ' The following extracts from the Register of St. Peter's Churcli, Cornhill, 
 London, published by the Harleiau Society, show the relation of the Youngs and 
 Evelins. 
 
 " 1579, August 16, Sonday : Christneng of Thomas Tounge sonno of Gregory 
 Young grocer, the child was born the 10th daye, being Monday." 
 
 " 1590, October 19, Monday : Wedding of Robert Euoling sonne of George 
 Eueling, And Susan Young daughter of Mr. Gregory Young, grocer.'' 
 
 " 1592, Christninge of George Eueling sonne of Robert Eueling, Armerer, the 
 child was borne the 31th of January being Monday." 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLOBUM. 379 
 
 him except in their official capacity. On one occasion he 
 sent them from his house/ in his own carriage, but with 
 the common hangman acting as postilhon. During the 
 month of April, Berkeley sailed for England and Commis- 
 sioner Jeffreys became Governor. In his first proclama- 
 tion he mentioned that his commission was dated Novem- 
 ber 11th, 1676, and then uses the following language relative 
 to the King, who ' ' hath upon y" humble representation of 
 the Rt. Hon. Sir William Berkeley, his great age and bodily 
 weakness in respect whereof he held himselfe unable to 
 perform and execute the duty of his place & office, and 
 therefore did most humbly & earnestly beseech his gracious 
 Ma"" for leaue to returne : His Majesty declared that s'd 
 William Berkeley should speedily return into England, 
 whither hee is now gone." A few weeks after his arrival in 
 England, on the 13th of July, Berkeley died.^ The remain- 
 ing Commissioners, Sir John Berry and Francis Moryson, also 
 during the summer, returned to England, and their reports 
 created an unfavorable impression of the late Governor. ^ 
 
 The Governor's brother, Lord Berkeley, met Sir John 
 Berry in the Council Chamber and " with an angry voice 
 and a Berklean look, told him that he and Moryson^ had 
 
 ' Berkeley's mansion was a plain brick building containing a liall, six roomg, 
 "and a garret. Tho bricks were were not brought from England, _as has l?een 
 been mentioned, but were made on the spot. Green Spring is]|two miles north 
 of James Uiver, and five from Jamestown. 
 
 » lie was buried in Twickenham in England. 
 
 3 Qovr'inor Berkeley's wife was severe in her remarks upon Moryeon, and was 
 a woman wlio had a vigorous tongue. In a letler of Moryson in 1677, to Philip 
 Ludwell ; who, in 1680, became her husband, h« writes " Jli. Secretary Coven- 
 try says he will vindicate me to all the world, that neither before my going, nor 
 after my return have I offered any tlii ng to the King and Lords but with a respect 
 
380 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 murdered his brother." The Lord Chancellor after the 
 report of the Commissioners said that "he knew not 
 whether it was lawful to wish a person alive, otherwise he 
 would wish Sir William Berkeley so, to see what could be 
 answered to such barbarity." .Upon October 23, 1677, in 
 an order of the King for the relief of the widow, it was de- 
 clared that Drummond "had been sentenced and put to 
 death contrary to the laws of the Kingdom." 
 
 Thomas Ludwell, who had been Secretary of the Colony, 
 under Berkeley, for more than fifteen years, died soon after 
 the Governor. In Bruton' church yard, Williamsburg, he 
 was buried, and the stone which marks his resting has this 
 inscription : 
 
 " Under this marble lyeth the body of Thomas Ludwell, 
 Esquire, Secretary of Va., who was born at Bruton, in the 
 county of Somerset, in the kingdom of England, and de- 
 parted this life in the year 1678. And near this, lye the 
 bodies of Eichard Kemp, Esquire, his predecessor in the 
 Secretary's office, and Sir Thomas Lunsford," Knight. 
 
 f ul tenderness to Sir Wm. Berkeley, nor have I ever spoken of liis Lady but 
 with, a courtesy tliat belongs to her sex, though she was pleased to tell Madam 
 Jeffries she wondered I would be so impertinent as to go to Virginia where 1 
 was so hated the people would tear me to pieces. Pray remember my service 
 to her, and tell her ladyship she was very uncharitable [that] she would not 
 forwaru me of the danger I went to, but I did not mind it, for I had no gun 
 shot off, nor bonfires made for joy of my going away.' 
 
 'Bruton parish named after Braton, Somerset, England, where was the 
 family seat of the Berkeleys. 
 
 • Sir Thomas Pelham and Thomas Lunsford Senior, were neighbors in Sussex 
 and near kindred. On the 36th of June, 1632, while Pelham was hunting, his 
 dog went into Lunsford's grounds and was shot, which led to ill-feeling. In 
 August, 1633, as Pelham was returning from church in his coach, with his wife 
 and others, Thomas Lunsford Junior, with an associate stepped out from a copsq 
 with swords and pistols, to attack Pelham. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 38I 
 
 In memory of whom this marble is placed, by order of 
 Philip LudweU, Esq., nephew of the saidThomas Ludwell 
 in the year 1727." 
 
 It was a surprise to the Virginians, in 1669, to learn, 
 that the lands between the Potomac and Eappahannock, had 
 been given to a royal favorite. Lord Culpepper, but sur- 
 
 Lunsford was arrested, tried and imprisoned, and fined £5,000, but in October, 
 163i, escaped, by bribing his keeper. His fatter was in the Fleet four years, 
 and in 1637 Dr. Alexander Ijeighton certified that he had grown so weak, that 
 he ought to be permitted to go to his own house in London. This Leighton 
 was the physician and preacher, father of Archbishop Leighton, and also pris- 
 oner, having lost both his ears and been branded and imprisoned for writing a 
 seditious pamphlet against the King. Lunsford died on the 4th of JSTovember, of 
 that year. Three of his sons were Colonels on the Royalist side during the civil 
 war. 
 
 1. Henry born A.D., 1611, was killed July 25, 1643, at the siege of Bristol. 
 
 2. Herbert was knighted July 6, 1644, and survived the war. 
 
 8. Thomas was knighted Dec. 38, 1641, and made Lieutenant of the tower of 
 London. The citizens were indignant at the appointment of one who had been 
 outlawed and was notorious as a profligate. The House of Commons declared 
 him unfit for the oifice, and the apprentices of London became so unruly in con- 
 sequence of it, the King was forced to take from him the the keys of the Tower. 
 
 On the 27th of December while walking through Westminister Hall with 
 twenty or thirty of his friends and meeting a band of apprentices, he and his 
 companions drew their swords, and wounded twenty or thirty of them and de- 
 nounced them as " roundheads," because it was their fashion to cut the hair 
 round. 
 
 Secretary Windebauk, writing from Oxford, May 22, 1644, tells Col. Ashburu- 
 ham. " Att London they apprehend us very weeke, but I assure you Sir Tho. 
 Lunsford this day came from army and saith there are about 10,000 horses and 
 foote, of as likely men as ho ever sawe in his life." 
 
 He was married, in 1640, to Katerina, daughter of Henry Nevill of Co 
 Berks, and she was his second wife. By her he had a daughter Elizabeth, born 
 in 1643, who in 1667, married a Daniel Norton of Co. Berks ; Philippa who died 
 young; and Maria born in the 'L'ower of London, who in November, 1665, mar- 
 ried Tho. lias Collyer, a brewer of Shoe Lane, London. 
 
 A pedigree of Lunsford in the British Museum, mentions that he " sould all, 
 and went into Virginia, where he married his third wife." 
 
382 VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 prise was turned to indignation when, in 1673, the profli- 
 gate and improvident King gave to this covetoas lord, and 
 associates, "all the dominion of land and water called Vir- 
 ginia," for a period of thirty-one years. 
 
 The Assembly which con vaned in September, 1674, "deeply 
 sencible of the many and grievous pressures dayly growing" 
 "thought fitt that a humble supplication be made to his 
 sacred Majestie," " That he Vv"ould be gratiously pleased to 
 revoke the said grants, to the said Lord." 
 
 On the 21st of September, Grovernor Berkeley wrote to 
 Lord Arlington informing him that Col. Francis Moryson, 
 Secretary Thomas Ludwell, and Major G-eneral Robert 
 Smith, had been appointed agents for Virginia, in England. 
 
 The agents opened their negotiations by asking that Vir- 
 ginia might be allowed to purchase the land between the 
 Potomac and Rappahannock which had already been given to 
 Lord Culpepper and associates; that the people of the Colony 
 should rely directly upon the Crown for protection, free from 
 the intervention of any Proprietary ; that as before, the 
 Grovernor and Council should reside in Virginia; that there 
 be no departure from the custom, of the Assembly levying 
 all taxes upon the people; that all laws made by the As- • 
 sembly be operative, unless within two years, the King 
 expressed his disapproval. 
 
 On the 19th of November, 1675, the Commissioners for 
 Foreign Plantations, presented to the King and Privy Coun - 
 cil a report recommending in substance what the repre- 
 sentatives of Virginia wished, and the King ordered a 
 charter to be prepared in conformity therewith. Culpepper 
 and his friends offered some objections, especially to the 
 
YIBGINIA CAROLORUM. 383 
 
 proviso that the colonists should not be taxed except by 
 their own Assernbly, to which the agents replied that it 
 ' ' contains that which we conceive to be the right of Vir- 
 ginians, as well as all other Englishmen, which is not to be 
 taxed but by their consent, expressed by their representa- 
 tves." 
 
 Before the charter was signed by the King the startling 
 intelligence of the wide spread insurrection under Bacon 
 was received, and negotiations were suspended. 
 
 Before the insurrection, three of the solid, sober men, 
 who for years had been acknowledged leaders, died, Gov- 
 ernor Bennett,' and Digges," and Secretary Claiborne. Ben- 
 nett died a Puritan, apparently, in sympathy with the 
 Society of Friends. Digges, cautious, and moderate in his 
 views, was honored by his neighbors. Before the late civil 
 war, upon a tombstone, at Bellville, on York Eiver, eight 
 miles from WilHamsburg, could be seen the following. 
 
 "To the memory of Edward Diggs, Esq,, sonne of Sir 
 Dudley Diggs of Chilham in Kent, Knight and Baronett, 
 
 ' The General Court at Jamestown on Nov. 3, 1673, requested Major General 
 Richard Bennett, to see that the sheriff of Lower Norfolk take into custody Wil- 
 liam Carver of Elizabeth River who had stabbed and killed a man. The last 
 mention of him is on November 18, 1674, in the court proceedings. 
 
 =A fragment of the Records of the General Court of Virginia uuder date of 
 June 15, 1675, has the following : " A probate of ye last will and testament of 
 Edw'd Diggs Esq. , dec'd is Granted Mrs. Eliz'h Digges ye Relict & Executrix, 
 for that ye Court are of opinion yt was all of Edw'd Diggs Esq., his owne writ- 
 ing and bein/? proved by ye Oath of Capt. Wm. Diggs one of ye witnesses to ye 
 Baid Will. 
 
 William Digges married adaughterof Henry Sewell or Sewall of Patuxeut Mary- 
 land Her mother after her father's death in 1661, became the wile of Charles, 
 the third Lord Baltimore. Col, Digges, was a prominent citizen in Maryland, 
 at the accession of William and Mary to the throne of England. 
 
384 viRGiirtA cAnoLonuM. 
 
 Master of the Eolls in the reigne of Charles the 1st, who 
 departed this hfe the 15th of March, 16Y5, in the 55th year 
 of his age, one of his Majesty's Councill for this his Colony 
 of Virginia. A gentleman of most considerable parts and 
 ingenuity, and the only introducer and promoter of the silk 
 manufactures in this Colonie, and in every thing else a 
 pattern worthy of all pious imitation. He had issue six 
 sonnes, and seven daughters, by the body of Elizabeth his 
 wife, who of her conjugal affection hath dedicated to him, 
 this memorial." His father was a Knight but not a Baronet, 
 as the inscription mentions. 
 
 Col. Claiborne, in the Assembly of 1666, was a Burgess 
 from New Kent County. How long he lived after this 
 period has not been ascertained. John Clayton' the parson 
 of James City, who in 1682, came to Virginia, alludes to 
 
 ' Claj'ton in a letter to the Royal Society wrote ; " I was told a pleasant story of 
 an old gentleman, Col. Cley born, as I remember, was liis name, the same that sent 
 the rattlesnakes to the Koyal Society, some years since. He had the odd fancy of 
 keeping some of these snakes always in barrels, in the house, and one time an In- 
 dian pretending to charm tliem, so as to take them, by the neck, in his hand, with- 
 out biting of him, the old gentleman caused a rattlesnake to be brought forth ; 
 the Indian began his charm with a little wand, whisking it round and round the 
 rattlesnake's head, bringing it by degrees nigher and nighor, and at length flung 
 the .switch away, and whisked his hand about in like manner, bringing his 
 hand still higher and higher, by taking less circles, when the old gentleman hit 
 the snake with his crutch and the snake snapped the Indian by the hand, and 
 bit him very sharply betwixt the fingers, which put tlie charm to an end, and he 
 roared out, but stretched bis arm out as high as he could, calling for a string 
 wherewith he tied his arm as hard as possibly he could and clapped a hot burn- 
 ing coal thereon, and singed it stoutly, whereby he was cured." 
 
 Capt. William Claiborne a descendant, was living in 1699. Story, the Quaker 
 preacher, in his journal, mentions, that on the 10th of the second month [0. S,] 
 he visited the Chickahominy village, reduced to eleven wigwams, on Pamunkey 
 neck, and then, went one mile, to the house of the grandson of Secretary 
 Claiborne. 
 
ViRGimA CAROLOBXTM. 385 
 
 him, as one who had given some rattlesnakes to the Eoyal 
 Society, an aged man who had carried a crutch, and then 
 dead. 
 
 Jeffreys, during his brief term of office proved a judicious 
 and concihatory Governor. The Assembly of October, 1677, 
 William Traverse, speaker, met at the house of Capt. Otho 
 Thorpe, in Middle Plantation, and as some persons were 
 disposed to call others, "traitors, rebels, rogues, or such 
 like," retarding " the former estate of love and friendship 
 desired by all good people," it was enacted that all, using 
 opprobrious epithets, should be fined. Arrangements were 
 also made for the establishing of marts or fairs whither 
 friendly Indians would come and trade. The King had 
 issued instructions, which arrived early in 1677, requiring 
 the Assembly to meet once in two years, and except for good 
 cause not to sit more than fourteen days, and that the mem- 
 bers be elected "only by free-holders as being more agree, 
 able'to the custom of England. " Thomas Ludwell, Secretary, 
 and Daniel Parke were both in England as Council agents, 
 at the time of the calling of the Assembly by Governor 
 Jeffreys, and were directed not to dispose of any more 
 money of the Virginia Colonists, without the King's order 
 in Council. 
 
 In May, 1677, a conference was held with the representa- 
 tives of the Indian tribes, and a peace concluded. The In- 
 dians agreed to acknowledge the King, by an annual tribute 
 of three arrows, and some beaver skins, and in return, no 
 Indian was to be imprisoned, except by a legal warrant, their 
 reservations of land were to be inalienable, and they were 
 to be permitted to catch fish, and oysters, within the ceded 
 
 territory. • 
 
 49 
 
386 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 Among the chiefs present were two women, one known 
 as the Queen of Pamunkey, a relative of Powhatan and Ope- 
 cancanough. She wore a turban, made by a three inch plait, 
 of black and white wampum, and her robe was of deer- 
 skins with the hair on the outside, ornamented with a 
 twisted fringe six inches deep from the shoulder to the 
 feet. From the earliest days of the Colony prominent white 
 men had found temporary alliances with Indian women. 
 Sir Thomas Dale sent Hamor,' to Powhatan, "to procure 
 a daughter of his, reputed to be his delight, and darling " 
 " to be his nearest companion, wife, and bed-fellow.'" The 
 Queen of Pamunkey at the time of the treaty, had by her 
 side, a son, twenty years of age, whose father, was reputed 
 to be an English colonel. 
 
 Upon the 30th of December, 1678, Jeffreys died, and Sir 
 Henry Chicheley, Deputy Grovernor, a sober, kind, moderate 
 man, who when a widower had married Agatha, the widow 
 of Ealph Wormeley, and had lived in Virginia, for more than 
 a quarter of a century, became the acting Governor, which 
 met the approval of the King. During his term of office, 
 on the 25th of April, 1679, an Assembly convened, at James 
 City, and elected Mathew Kemp, speaker. 
 
 For the defence of the country from the incursion of 
 savages, it was enacted that a garrison or store-house should 
 
 ' Yirginia Company of London, pp. 93, 93. 
 
 = This custom is not entirely discontinued. In Forty years among the Sioux by 
 Eev. S. R. Riggs, LL.D., his wife writes July 31, 1837, from the vicinity of Fort 
 Snelling, Minnesota : " Until my location here I was not aware that it was so 
 exceedingly common, for oiEcers in the army to have two wives, or more, but 
 one, of course, legally so. For instance, at the Fort, before the removal of the 
 last troops, tliere were but two officers who were not known to have an Indian 
 woman, if not hall Indian children." 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOMUM. §87 
 
 be erected at the heads of the four principal rivers, and 
 Major Isaac Allerton, grandson of Brewster of Plymouth 
 Eock, Col. St. Leger Codd,' and Col. Greorge Mason were 
 designated to superintend the building of a house sixty feet 
 in length, and twenty-two in breadth, and a magazine ten 
 feet square at Neapsico, near Occoquan, on the Potomac 
 river. 
 
 Upon condition that Capt. William Byrd would settle 
 two hundred and fifty persons on both sides of the James 
 river within the space of a mile, there was granted to him, 
 " beginning on the south side of James river, one mile and 
 a half below the Falls, and so continuing five miles up the 
 river, in a straight line, and backwards, one mile in the 
 woods; and on the north side of the said river beginning a 
 half mile before the Falls, and thence continuing five miles 
 up the river; and two miles backward into the woods." 
 
 On the 31st of July, Col. William Kendall, and Col. 
 Southey Littleton of the Eastern Shore arrived in New 
 York,^ with credentials from Governor Chicheley, to confer 
 
 ' Codd afterwards reeided in Maryland. 
 
 » Col. Kendall was in the Assemblies of 1659, 1663 and 1666, one of the Bur- 
 gesses from Northampton. 
 
 Col. Southey Littleton, was the son of Nathaniel Littleton, and Ann his 
 wife, who was a daughter of Lewis and Elizabeth Southey early settlers at 
 Jamestown. The father of Sonthey had a plantation at Naudua Creek which 
 the son inherited. The father died in 1654, and the mother in 1656. At the 
 time of her death she resided at Magothy Bay, Northampton County. In her 
 will she requests the non-oonformist brother-in-law of Governor Stone, " Mr. 
 Francis Doughty, Minister and preacher of ye word in this parish, to Councell 
 my children, not only in the management of their estates, and ciuill behavior in 
 ye World. But bee a meanes to instruct them in the feare of God & seruice of 
 the AUmighty and Creator, and in ye true faith in Jesus Christ, into whose hands 
 I committ in common, all our soules when it pleaseth him to take them from vs 
 out of this sinful! life to wch desire I say Amen and Amen." 
 
388 VIRGINIA GABOLORUM. 
 
 with Governor Andros, on Indian affairs, and it was 
 arranged to hold a council, at Albany, in the autumn with 
 the Onondagas and other bands of Iroquois.' 
 
 Her eldest cliild Edward was made the executor. Her daughter Esther, in 
 1663, had married John the second son of Col. Obedience Robins. 
 
 The younger sou Southey, whose plantation was at Naudua, was born in 1645, 
 and a record of the Robins family mentions, that he died in 'New York City 
 probably at the time of his visit as a Commissioner from Virginia. He left 
 children : 1. Nathaniel who married Susanna Waters. 3 Bowman who died 
 before A..D., 1700. 3. Southey who married Mary, daughter of Thomas and 
 Sasau Upshur Brower. 4. Esther married Col. William Whittington 5. Sarah 
 married John Dennis of Somerset Co., Md. 6. Elizabeth married Richard 
 Waters of Somerset, Md. 7. Gertrude who married a Mr. Harmauson. 
 
 ' In Palmer's Calendar of Virginia Papers is the following account of the con- 
 ference . 
 
 ' ' The Onondagas answer upon the Propositions of Col. Wm. Kendall Agent for 
 ye Country of Virginia. 
 
 "Names of Sachems — Carrackkondre' — Otrienachte — Canisicktoe and 5 
 souldiers. 
 
 "Bbethrbn of Virginia. 
 
 " 1st. We are come here in the Prefixed Housse, where we are used to make 
 Propositions, and have understood that wch is by you Represented. All our 
 Indians (meaning their souldiers) have been destracted, or without their senses, 
 in committing of this act against the Christians in Virginia, for itt is done with- 
 out our order, and against our will. They have been like a child, who having 
 an ax in itts hand, is not sensible, what itt doth witb itt, and cannot discern be- 
 tween good and Evil. Its made known to us by you, the dammagethat our peo- 
 ple have done in Virginia in plundering your houses. We doe Confesse itt, but 
 do say again, as above, that they have done very wickedly. We have likewise 
 understood that when our young Indians come near any Christians, must lay 
 down their arms, as a token of friendship. It is likewise told us, that if any of 
 our People shall goe to warr towa .ds your parts, against any Indians, not in 
 friendship with you, that they shall forbear to come near your Plantacons, 
 all which we absolute undertake, and do thank yoa that .you have Propounded 
 ye same. 
 
 " We have Likeways understood that by the Informacon, his hour, ye govr 
 here, hath given you, you haue forgiven that, which is past, for which we do 
 thank you hertily. Yoa are People of understanding, butt we are Brutish, 
 Blinde, and without understanding as we have paid above ; and we are thankful 
 and glad that you Imputed and Communicate some knowledge to us, and if our 
 young Indians come amongst you, be friendly to ym, for they goe against their 
 Enemys the Downaganhoes, doe present a Belt of zewant 30 deep. 
 
VIRGINIA GAROLORUM. 389 
 
 In May, 1680, there appeared in Virginia as Governor, 
 the capable, but corrupt, and pleasure loving, Thomas Lord 
 Culpepper,^ who vp^ith Lord Arlington, and others, had 
 
 " 2d. We thank them of Virginia & commend and praise their understanding 
 that they show such favour to the Oneydes, our children, and Include them in 
 such a friendship. Doe give 8 faddom zewant. 
 
 "3d. When our Young Indians goe out a fighting against their enemies, lett 
 them be well used, and do not look so narrowly upon a Little Indian corn or 
 Tobacco, but let us live like friends. As for ye burning of your houses, it is 
 unknown to us, but the Plundering of some goods, and ye killing of a Beast, wee 
 do not deny ; as for killing of horses, we have no hand in ; but ye Oneydes have, 
 and Pointed to some of them then Present have shot foure. 
 
 " And when wee come for Indian Corn or any Provision doe not lett our guns 
 and armes be taken from us, seeing it was the beginning of these last troubles . 
 We doe thank you for your Tobacco and Eum, doe give 7 faddom ze'n't." 
 
 ' Lord John Culpepper father of the Governor was a devoted friend of Charles 
 the First. In 1640, he was an able member of Parliament, and spoke against 
 monopolies as follows : " I have one grievance to offer you but this one com- 
 priseth many. It is a nest of wasps, a swam of vermine which have over crept 
 the land, I mean the monopolies. These like the frogs of Egypt have gotten 
 possession of our dwellings, we have scarce a room free from them They sup 
 in our cup, they dip in our dish, they sit by our fire. We find them in the dye 
 vat, wash bowl, and powdering tub, etc., etc.'' 
 
 He was subsequently Master of the Rolls and one of the Privy Council, and 
 on October 21st, 1664, he was created Baron Thoresway of Lincoln. During 
 the civil war he was a trusted counsellor of the King, and after Charles was 
 beheaded, ho was confided in by the widow Henrietta Maria, and his son. A 
 letter of the widow to him has been published in the Appendix to 6th Report of 
 Royal Historical Uoimuission. It is dated Paris, April 3-3, [1665, and begins 
 " My Lord Culpepper, I have seen by several letters which you have written 
 to Lord Jermyn that you think it would be for the benefit of the King, my sou, 
 that there should be a butter understanding than heretofore, between him and 
 me, than there is. This causes me to write this letter to inform you that there 
 is no fault on my side, but that I have been unfortunate enough that the King 
 has not put in me the confidence which I deserved at his hands, both as his 
 mother, and as a person who has not, and has never shown herself as having 
 any other interest than his." The letter is long and signed " Your very good 
 friend." 
 
 In 1660, the first Baron Thorseway died, and his son Thomas Culpepper, by his 
 second wife, became the second Baron. The latter alleged that he had lost ten 
 
390 VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 
 
 obtained the grant of Virginia, and for several years had 
 been a member of the Board for Plantations. He was in - 
 structed to see that voters were restricted to freeholders and 
 householders, that legislative assemblies were summoned by 
 the special direction of the crown, and that laws were not 
 to originate with them, but to be prepared by the Grovernor 
 and Council, and transmitted to the crown, and when 
 approved be presented to the Burgesses to accept or reject. 
 
 To him was given the "full power and authoritie to sus- 
 pend any member of the Oouncellif you see just cause; and 
 our will and pleasure is, that every member of our Councell 
 suspended by you, shall be uncapable during such suspen- 
 sion of serving as member of the General Assembly." 
 
 Soon after his arrival, an Assembly was summoned, 
 which convened on the 8th of June, at Jamestown. Thomas 
 Ballard was chosen speaker, and the clerk, was Robert 
 Beverley. The first Act passed had been prepared in Eng- 
 land, and was a free and general pardon to all, who had 
 participated in the Bacon Rebellion, but the estate of the 
 late Nathaniel Bacon, Junior, was declared to be forfeited 
 
 thousand pounds sterling in consequence of liia loyalty, and in July, 1661, was 
 appointed by tlie King, Governor of the Isle of Wight, with power to appoint 
 a deputy. With Secretary Bennett, afterwards Lord Arlington he was intimate, 
 and on the 4th of January, 1663-3, he sent him a mare as a Christmas present, 
 and an acknowledgment of obligation. Toward non-conformists he was sovL-re. 
 He sent Priscilla Moseley a Quakeress to prison, who died while in confinement. 
 He seized two strangers called " Desperate canters " and put them in jail, and 
 with grim humor gave them the Koran in English, to read, and one of his 
 friends wrote " If they should turn Turks, it would be a great blow to the 
 whole sect." 
 
 By his arbitrary measures, the inhabitants of the Isle of Wight learned to 
 dislike him, and in 1666, presented a petition to the King, stating their griev- 
 ances. 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLOBUM. 391 
 
 to the King, and also the estates of Giles BlanH, Anthony- 
 Arnold, Eichard Turney, Eichard Pomfrey, John Isles, 
 Eobert Stoakes, John Whiston, and William Scarborough, 
 all of whom had been executed for treason, and also that of 
 Eichard Lawrence, "who fyred James City and is since 
 fled," while Joseph Ingram', G-regory Walklett, Thomas 
 Whaley, and John Forth, were disqualified holding any 
 public office. 
 
 On the loth of August, entrusting affairs to the Lieu- 
 tenant Governor, Sir Henry Ohicheley, he sailed by way of 
 Boston, for England, taking with him the servants and sol- 
 diers, that he brought to the Colony, and all his plate and 
 furniture. 
 
 On the twenty-second of August, before daylight, the 
 ship in which he embarked, owned by Capt. Jarvis, and 
 named the ' ' Betty " in compliment to his wife who was the 
 widow of the insurgent, ran aground. At daylight, he was 
 taken ashore, with two of his men, and walking through 
 the woods reached Sandwich, about sixty miles from Boston, 
 where horses and a guide were obtained, and on the twenty- 
 fourth, he reached the latter place, and the next day was 
 tendered a banquet, and escorted to the hall, by the eight 
 military companies of the town. Capt. Jarvis did not 
 arrive with his ship until the first week in October. On 
 the 17th of October, Grovernor Andros of New York came 
 to consult Culpepper, but found that he had sailed two 
 days before." 
 
 ' Letter of Culpepper, Va. Hist. Beg., 1850. 
 ' Hull's Diary. 
 
392 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 To his sister Culpepper wrote, from Boston : "My Lady 
 Berkeley is married to Mr. [Philip] Ludwell/ and thinkesno 
 more of our world. I shall now marry Cate^ as soone as I 
 can, and then shall reckon myselfe to be a freeman with- 
 out clogge or charge." 
 
 In December, Culpepper reached England. Bacon's 
 widow, now the wife of Captain Jarvis, with her husband, 
 brought suit in 1681, to obtain a portion of the estate ot Sir 
 Edward Duke, her father. In his wiU he wrote that she was 
 to have a legacy of £2000, " but if she marry Bacon, void." 
 The case was decided against her and the Lord Chancellor 
 spoke of "such an example of presumptuous disobedience 
 highly meriting such a punishment, she being only prohi- 
 bited to marry with one man, by name; and nothing in 
 
 ' Philip Ludwell, and his brother. Secretary Thomas Ludwell were grandsons 
 of Philip Cottington of Godmanster, Surrey. Their mother's uncle was Francis, 
 Lord Cottington, and she was the daughter of James Cottington. Thomas, 
 Ludwell died in Virginia, but Philip went to England after having been Gov- 
 ernor of Carolina, and died near Stratford. His sou Philip was a prominent 
 citizen of Virginia. 
 
 = His only daughter Catherine, married Thomas the 5th Lord Fairfax, and 
 their son, through his mother obtained Leeds Castle in Kent, England, and five 
 millions of acres in northern Virginia. The first Fairfax, who came to America 
 to reside, was Colonel William, a widower, who settled In Salem, Massachussetts, 
 where he married Deborah the daughter of Francis Clarlie. He had been Collector 
 of Customs, and in 1733, was Justice of the Peace. In 1734, in June, he left Massa- 
 chusetts, and went to Virginia as the agent of Lord Fairfax, and built Belvolr, 
 near Mount Vernon, a very modest residence, yet at the time one of the best in 
 Virginia. It was of brick, and two stories in height. Upon the first floor, were 
 four rooms, and a hall, and on the second floor, were five rooms. The sixth 
 Lord Fairfax died in 1781, a bachelor, and was buried at Winchester, Virginia. 
 His brother Robert, in England, was the seventh Lord, who died childless, and 
 then Bryan the son of Col. William and wife Deborah rector of Fairfax parish, 
 Va., became the eighth Lord. The eleventh Lord now living, is John Faiifax 
 MD., residing in Maryland, near Washington, D.C. 
 
VmaiNlA CAROLORUM. 393 
 
 the whole fair Garden of Eden would serve her turn, but 
 this forbidden fruit." 
 
 The Assembly of June passed a law that no tobacco 
 should be shipped before the 20th of March, 1681, and that 
 it must be from certain desi^'nated landings, but when the 
 time arrived ship captains and merchants found that no 
 warehouses, had been prepared at these places, to shelter the 
 tobacco, and no inns for themselves, and they suffered loss 
 and inconvenience, and trade was depressed. 
 
 Lord Baltimore on the 19th of July, 1681, in a letter to 
 the Earl of Anglesea, refers to the then condition of Vir- 
 ginia, and the sympathy of its Secretary, with Fendall, 
 formerly Governor of Maryland. He writes : " This Fen- 
 dall has a great influence on, and interest in, most of 
 the rascalls in North part of Virginia, where he was for 
 some time, when he was forced to absent himselfe from 
 Maryland, and at that time I gave notice to Sir Henry 
 Chicheley to sett eyes over him, the same notice I gave to 
 Coll. Nicliolas Spencer, Secretary of Virginia, but I feare 
 the lattei", eit'ier through want of resolution, or loyalty, 
 did not prevent (what he might) the seditious practices of 
 this Eebell, and I may the more boldly affirm this, since 
 formerly, and but few days afore my apprehending this fel- 
 low, he had openly entertained and cherisht this Eascall in 
 his house, which give me cause to be confident that he has 
 encouraged Fendall in his designee against Mary Land for- 
 getting or (as I suppose) not considering that a defection in 
 my government, may raise another Bacon in Virginia, the 
 people there being a« ripe and readdy for another Eebellion 
 as ever they were, and I know not but one, of the two, I've 
 50 
 
394 VIRGINIA CAttOLORTlM. 
 
 caused to be. apprehended, might have served their own 
 turne. Mrj Lord, if his Maj"" please not to send in some 
 Loyall active person to command under Sir Henry Chiche- 
 ley (who is now super anuated) very speedily, the govern- 
 ment of Virginia will be in danger, I pray God, Secretary 
 Spencer be owner of so much loyalty, as to deserve the trust 
 and dignity now conferred on him, had I the honor to be one 
 houre with your Lordshipp I could give your Lordshipp sat- 
 isfaction in some things, relating to His Maj"°' service, which 
 I dare not committ to paper in this juncture. I therefor 
 humbly begg your Lordshipps' pardon for breaking in upon 
 you, with this fresh trouble, afore I've expiated the rude- 
 nesse of my former address." 
 
 An Assembly met in April, 1682, which after much 
 debate, adjourned, without providing any remedy, for the 
 excessive production of tobacco. Early in May a number 
 of persons banded together, and after destroying their own 
 tobacco plants, went to the plantations of their neighbors, 
 and cut up their plantings. Acting Governor Chicheley 
 took immediate steps to check these riotous proceedings. 
 Philemon Lloyd, one of the Council of Maryland, who had 
 married the widow of Richard Bennett, Jr., while in Albany, 
 attending a Indian conference, in a letter dated June 25, 
 1682, refers to the disorders, in these words : " The tumul- 
 tuous rabble have destroyed my tobacco in four counties, 
 computed to be eight or ten thousand h'heads and persists 
 notwithstanding ten or twelve have been slain and many 
 taken prisoners, yet there was hope y' that they would be 
 fully suppressed in some short time, for y' the Gov' had very 
 timely, secured allarmes. The news you heard of S' Henry 
 Chicheleys house being burnt is too ti'ew, but my Lord [Balti- 
 
VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 395 
 
 more] informs me it was not by them, but by accident, 
 whereby S' Henry had a very great losse, saving no part of 
 his goods." 
 
 A httle while after this Chicheley, infirm from age but 
 respected by all, for his probity, and mildness died. His 
 widow Agatha, in the autumn of 1683, visited England, 
 under the protection of her husband's friend, and neighbor, 
 Major General Robert Smith. During this summer a Cap- 
 tain John Williams, who had seized a two mast vessel in 
 Cuba, landed at and visited the Custis plantation, and 
 neighborhood in Accomac, and frightened the planters by 
 .the piratical bearing of his crew, then sailed into Mary- 
 land waters and attempted to seize the proprietor, Lord 
 Baltimore. The reckless crew proceeded to Connecticut and 
 Rhode Island, and were seized by the authorities of the 
 latter, and two were sent to Governor Chicheley for trial. 
 
 • When the news of the riotous proceedings relative to 
 tobacco planting reached England, Culpepper was ordered 
 to return to his post as Governor, and was directed to take 
 notice of his Majesty's resentment of a seditious declaration 
 made by the Assembly of Virginia during the government 
 of Jeffreys, whereby they asserted " that his Majesty's com- 
 missioners having called for and forced from the Clerk of 
 the Assembly, aU the original journals of the Assembly 
 which power they supposed his Majesty would not grant 
 them, for that, they find not the same to have been prac- 
 ticed by any of the Kings of England, and did therefore 
 take the same to be ia violation of their privileges, desiring 
 with all satisfaction to be given them, that they might be 
 assured no such violation of the privileges should be offered 
 for the future," 
 
396 VIRGINIA CABOLORUM. 
 
 While the King was ready to pardon the Burgesses for 
 their resolution, he directed Culpepper to express his dis- 
 approval thereof, and have it erased from the record, 
 and also have a resolution passed at the next Assembly 
 declaring the right of his Majesty and officers at their 
 pleasure, to call for public records and journals. 
 
 He was also instructed " to administer the oath of alle- 
 giance and supremacy to the members and officers of the 
 Council and Assembly, all judges, and justices, and all 
 other persons, that hold any office in the said Colony by 
 virtue of any patent under our great seal of England, or 
 the public seal of Virginia, and to permit a liberty of con- , 
 science to all other persons, except Papist, so they be con- 
 tented with a quiet peaceable enjoyment of it, not giving 
 offence, or scandal to the government." 
 
 Soon after his arrival, he stopped execution against 
 John Pleasants, a quiet and peaceable Quaker, indicted in* 
 Henrico County, under the statute, which imposed a fine of 
 twenty pounds for not going to church, and attending a 
 conventicle. The tobacco riotors were tried, three were 
 hanged, and one pardoned, on condition, that he would 
 render service to the public, by building a bridge. 
 
 Culpepper was unpopular and charged with buying up 
 piasters, a silver coin of Spain, equivalent to eight reals, at 
 the rate of five shillings each, and then, by proclamation, 
 declaring the " piece of eight " a legal tender to the amount 
 of six shillings. When the soldiers of Sir John Berry's 
 regiment were paid for their services, they received the 
 "piece of eight" at six shillings, and thus the Governor 
 enriched himself. ' 
 
 ■ Oldmixon. 
 
VIRGINIA CABOLOBUM. 397 
 
 Without permission, he again returned to England, on 
 the ground that it was necessary to report in person to the 
 crown, but, the plea was not admitted, and he was de- 
 prived of office. 
 
 The Council' under date of May 4, 1683, in a communica- 
 tion to the authorities, in England, wrote : " That whereas 
 his Majesty had granted all the quit rents of the southern part 
 of this Colony, to the Lords Arlingfcoa and Culpepper, for a 
 certain term of years, that his Majesty would be pleased to 
 give those noble lords something in lieu, and appropriate 
 the quit-rents and all escheat to the use of the government." 
 
 An arrangement was length concluded by which Culpep- 
 per abandoned all claims, except to a portion of the North- 
 ern Neck, and for the remainder, received an annual pension 
 for twenty years, of six hundred pounds. 
 
 Francis, Lord Howard of Effingham, in August, 1683, 
 was appointed Grovernor, but it was not, until the following 
 February, that he reached Virginia. Among other instruc- 
 tions, he was directed to see, that no person used a printing 
 press.'' After a conference with the Council on the 21st of 
 February, it was determined to call the Assembly to meet 
 on the 16th of April. While it was in session Major Eobert 
 Beverley was tried before the General Court for being a ring 
 leader in creating the disturbances in connection with the 
 
 "Councillors at this time were Robert Smith, Joa. Bridger, Phil. L'udwell, 
 Jno. Page, Wm. Byrd, Nlch. Spencer, Nath. Bacon, Wm. Cole, Rich. Lee, son 
 of the first councillor Ricliard Lee. 
 
 '' On Feb. 21st, 1683-3, " John Buckner called before Lord Culpepper, and his 
 Council, for printing the laws of 1680, without his Excellency's! licence ; and he 
 and the printer ordered to enter into Bond, in £100, not to print any thing here- 
 aftei-, until his Majesty's pleasure shall be known.'' 
 
398 VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. 
 
 illegal cutting of tobacco plants, and for other misdemean- 
 ors. On the 11th of May, 1682, he had been arrested under 
 a warrant from Governor Ohicheley,-and placed onboard the 
 ship " Duke of York," John Purvis, commander, and on 
 Saturday evening the 13th, he demanded as a free born sub- 
 ject of England, to be informed as to the charge upon which 
 he had been committed. On the last day of this month, he 
 was transferred to the ship "Concord," Oapt. William 
 Jeffreys, and in the middle of June, he was placed on board 
 of a sloop belonging to Colonel Custis, to be taken to the 
 Eastern shore to be delivered to the sheriff of Northampton 
 County. He escaped from the sloop, but was again seized 
 at his house in Middlesex, and brought before the Grovernor 
 and Council at Jamestown. In September he petitioned by 
 his attorney William Fitzhugh for a habeas corpus to be 
 directed to the sheriff of Northampton, which was denied, 
 as Lord Culpepper was expected. On January 10th, 1682-3 
 he was charged with having refused as clerk to deliver 
 copies of the journal of the House of Burgesses, of 1682, to 
 the Lt. Governor and Council without the leave of his mas- 
 ters, the members of the Assernbly. In May, 1684, he was 
 found guilty of high misdemeanors, and was pardoned, 
 having presented the following, on bended knees, to the 
 Governor, and Council, sitting as a Court. 
 
 '■To his Excellencie ffrancis Lord Howard Baron of 
 Effingham, his Majesties Lieut, and Governor General of 
 Virginia, and to the honorable Councell of State. 
 
 " Eobert Beverley most hum.bly presenting, sheweth, 
 " That the true sence of his misfortuuate offenses hath 
 brought him to that degree of compunction, that hee is 
 
Vlit GlJ\riA CAROL OR UM. 399 
 
 under an unexpresible sorrow for the same which is much 
 augmentedj by the consideration that hee should soe incon- 
 siderately forfeited that esteem for the government, that he 
 had with the often hazard of his life endeavored to purchase, 
 and which had been gratiously laid upon him beyond his 
 deserts, the weight of which consideration is enough to 
 smite him into an abysse of dispair ; but that, the hope 
 hee hath, that hee shall not miss that mercy which is most 
 obviously inherent, and an inseparable concomitant in your 
 lordshipps noble breast, and those of the honorable his 
 majesties councell of state, here not only buoys him up, and 
 withholds him from perishing in that gulph, but also gives 
 him confidence most humbly to address himselfe to your 
 excellency and the honorable court to looke upon him with 
 an indulgent eye, lying at the foot of your justice, and 
 most humbly imploring your mercy; this my Lord, is the 
 only way he hath to approach your Lordship by the free 
 confession of his offences, and true repentance his heart is 
 filled with, not without almost an assured hope, that it will 
 meet with a benigne reception in your lordships mercef ul 
 heart, because the Kings of Kings and Lords of Lords is well 
 pleased that the prayers, tears,and true ropentance of 6very 
 sinner should reach his blessed throne, even to the expi- 
 ation of their sins, and re- establishment in grace. 
 
 " Your lordship hath been gratiously pleased to assign 
 councell for this your sorrowful petitioner to make his de- 
 fence in law; but he is resolved not to make use of any 
 meanes, either to vindicate himself, or to exterminate his 
 crimes, but most humbly to throw himselfe upon the mercy 
 of your lordship and the court, which if your lordship shall 
 be pleased to extend towards him all the days of his life, shall 
 
400 TlBGimA CAROLOnUM. 
 
 be spent in the study to expiate his guilt, and truly and 
 faithfully to serve his most gratious sovereign in a ready 
 and most willing obedience to your lordships and the 
 councell's commands with the last drop of his blood, and 
 shall most heartily pray for a long and happy reigne to his 
 most excellent majestie, and health, honor, and prosperity 
 for your lordshipp, and the councell. 
 " May 3, 1684. " Egbert Beverley." 
 
 While the Assembly was in session Lord Howard re- 
 ceived a visit from Charles, Lord Baltimore, on his return 
 from Maryland to England, and Col. Philip LudwelP now 
 the husband of Lady Berkeley, came back from his visit to 
 London. During the month of June a letter writer men- 
 tioned that Grovernor Howard was going to New York in 
 the " Quaker ketch " to pass the warm season, and that the 
 merchants Kennon and Pleasants had received "thirty-four 
 negroes, seven or eight tuns of rum, and sugar, and dry 
 goods for sale." During the summer Lady Berkeley was 
 very ill, and after this little mention of her is found in the 
 chronicles of the period.^ 
 
 Among the older families, there was much talk, in Janu- 
 ary, 168i-5, concerning the unexpected marriage of the 
 widow Grendon, the sister of the second Thomas Stegge, 
 
 ' R. R. in Va. Hist. Register, Vol 1, p. 60, mentions that Ludwell was a 
 widower, with two daughters and a son, when he married the widow of Gov- 
 ernor Berkeley. The usual statement is that he had a son and daughter by the 
 widow Berkeley. 
 
 » Nicholas Bacon the elder, and for a time acting governor, in his will made in 
 March, 1691-3 (O. S.) left her his riding horse, and ten pounds sterling. In May 
 1880, the writer found at Jamestown, a portion of the stone, which was placed 
 over her grave, and all of the inscription left was " Lady Frances Berkeley." 
 
VIRGINIA GAROZOBUM. 401 
 
 and aunt of Capt. William Byrd, founder of Rich- 
 mond, "to one Mr. Edward Brain," writes her nephew, 
 " A stranger to all, here, but pretends to be worth money, 
 if not, the old woman may thank herself." 
 
 During this year a party of fifty roaming Seneca Indians 
 from New York were met within a few miles of Westover. 
 Trade in negroes was rapidly increasing, while G-overnor 
 Berkeley reported in 1671, not more than two thousand 
 black slaves, the number now was doubled.' 
 
 Howard of Effingham had not been long in office, when 
 Charles the Second, was taken sick. The King after re- 
 ceiving the Sacrament, from a priest of the Church of 
 Rome, with one of his mistresses weeping, by his bed-side, 
 and with thoughts of another, whispering " Do not let poor 
 Nelly, starve," in February, 1685, died." 
 
 ' Governor Spotswood in 1713, estimated negroes and other servants, ahove six- 
 teen years of age as more than 13,000 and Governor Dinwiddle in 1756, estimated 
 the entire negro population at 130,156 nearly as many as the whites, which was 
 supposed to be 173,316. 
 
 ' Green's History of England. 
 
 51 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 ADDITIONAL NOTES. 
 
 Page 13. 
 
 The tobacco trade, as early as 1631, was a source of revenue to James the 
 First, King of England, as will be seen from the following correspondence of 
 Lionel Cranfield, the Lord Treasurer, with Marquis of Buckingham. 
 
 " Chelsey July 21, 1631. The King's rent of £15,500 for tobacco, is in danger 
 to be lost, or at best, to decline much, and all the money spent about the planta- 
 tions of Virginia and Burmothes will be lost, if there be not some present course 
 taken to restrain the planting of tobacco, here in England." 
 
 " December 4, 1631. 
 
 " I have agreed with the farmers of tobacco for this year, for £8000, and have 
 told them to bring in but three score thousand weight, and have left the Vir- 
 ginia,an:l Soar iioothes, freeto bring in without restraint, and his Majesty to have 
 the benefit of the impost. * * * * This is £2000 more than could be gotten 
 by the Lords at Hampton Court » « * * * The Virginia and Burmoothes 
 Company have no reason to complain, there being no restraint, but they left to 
 free trade." 
 
 Page 30. 
 
 Capt. John Martin, councillor. At a meeting of the Virginia Company of 
 London, held on February 3, 1633-3 ; "Sr. John Brooke moued the Court in the 
 behalfe of Capt. John Martin, that they would please accordinge to my Lord of 
 South'touB promise, to graunt him a Patent with as ample priuileges as hath bin 
 graunted to his L'p, or any other ancient Aduenturer, and that his shares of 
 land menconed in his former Patent, or shall become due for transportacon of 
 p'sons at his charge may be laide out iu Martin Brandon, wch request the Court 
 agreed unto hauinge alwaies offered as much unto him. 
 
 " But whereas Captaine Martin moued that he might haue therewith those 
 Swamps and boggs as lay ueare thereabout, wch for keepinge of his Swyne 
 
404 APPENDIX. 
 
 The Court made him Aunsweare that he must be contented to take his due pro- 
 porcon of land together, as it shall fall out in that place of Martin Brandon of 
 wch as he saith, he was formerly possessed." 
 
 Page 33. 
 " The Coppie of Abkaham Pbirsey his Will. 
 
 P. R. O. 
 
 Colonial 
 Papers. 
 Vol Tin 
 no. 5. 1. 
 
 In the name of God Amen, I Abraham Peirsey of Peirsey's hundred 
 Esquire, being sicke in bodie but in perfect memory thankes be to 
 the Everlasting God I doe by these presents ordeyne constitute and 
 make this my last will and testament. First, I bequeath my 
 soule unto my heavenly Father my Creator hopiuge and surelie trustinge that 
 by the meritts of his sonne Jesus Christ that all my sinns are wholelie and 
 cleerlie washed away by the deer blood of my Saviour Christ Jeaus, and that 
 after this life I shall sett in glory with his Angells and for my corporall bodie I 
 bequeath that to the earth from whence it came to be decentlie buryed with out 
 any pompe or vayne glorie in the garden plott where my new frame doth stand. 
 
 Secondlie, I ordayne and appointe my deare and well beloved wife Francis 
 Peirsey to be my absolute and sole executrix and also I doe earnestlie entreate 
 my welbeloved frends Mr. Grevill Pooly Mynister and Mr. Richard Kingsmill 
 of James Citty Island geutelmen to be my overseers in Virginia and to bee as 
 helpetuU and aydinge unto my executrix in all things to the uttermost of theire 
 power which she shall stand in need of your helpes. 
 
 Thirdlie, I would have all my debtes both in Virginia and England to be 
 paid as shall appeare by bond bill or by other good proofe in the la we which I 
 will sett downe in a scedull what debts in tobaccoea I owe & what is oweiuge 
 me. And further I ordeyne and appoynt my dearf^nd welbeloved friend Mr. 
 Delionell Russell of London Merchant to be another of my overseers for all busi- 
 nesses whatsoever doth concerae my executrix in England for the debts in Eng- 
 land you shall receave from me a scedull thereof. 
 
 Fourthlie, I ordeyne and appoynt my executrix to make sayle of all my land 
 housinge and other buildings whatsoever now doth or hereafter shall belonge 
 to the aforesaid Abraham Peirsey either by purchase or by patent for men which 
 I the said Abraham Peirsey have transported upon my owue charge and also 
 so much land as is due to me for divers servauuts which hath beene transported 
 by me Abraham Peirsey seuce my goeinge for England which was in the begin- 
 ninge of March 1630, of which servants I have not taken upp one foote of land 
 for the men theire will appere how many there be for the women about eight. 
 Also I will and ordeyne my executrix to mdke sayle of all the estate I the said 
 Abraham hath in Virginia as namelle Servaunts cattle Hoggs come tobacco 
 and all other kinde of goods moveables or housell stufle or chattels whatsoever 
 which did nowe or at any tyme belonge to me Abraham Peirsey and that my 
 
APPENDIX. 405 
 
 executrix sball within two monthes after my deoeaae deliver up to the Governor 
 and counsell a true Inveutorie in upon her oath of all my estate soe left as afore- 
 said and then my executrix shall imeadiatelie goe about witli the helpe of the 
 overseers aforesaid make saile of all the estate as aforesaid to the profitt it can 
 be sould for. And beinge soe don I bequeathe as a legacye my debt being paid 
 unto my sister Judath Smitheson in England twenty pounds sterlinge in money 
 unto my brother John Peirsey twenty pounds sterlinge in money yf he be live- 
 inge further I doe bequeath unto my two overseers Mr. Poly Mynister and Mr. 
 Kingsmill unto each of them for their pay nes the sum of three hundred pounds 
 of the best tobacco which maseth six hundred pounds of the best tobacco to be 
 paid unto them by my executrix when all my estate shall be brought into 
 tobacco or money or both or else within eighteene mounthes after my death Also 
 I bequeath as a legacie unto my deere friend in England Mr. Delionell Russell 
 merchant the some of thirty pounds sterlinge to be paid him by my executrix 
 within the space of two years for his paynes which he is to take in the behalfe 
 of my executrix and my childreus estate wiiich I should dispose unto them not- 
 withstandinge he is to have faotoridge for all busines cominge to his hands. 
 
 Also I bequeath unto Nathaniell West sonne unto my deare beloved wife 
 Francis Peirsey the some of Twenty pounds sterlinge money when he shall 
 attayne the age of twenty-one yeares and not afore. Further I bequeath unto 
 my dearelie beloved wife beinge my sole executrix my debts and legacies paid 
 one third part and one-twelfth part out of my estate aforesaid the other one- 
 third part one-sixth part and one twelfth part of my estate remayninge I be- 
 queath it to Elizabeth Peirsey and Mary Peirsey hiy daughters equally to be 
 devised betwixt them within one yeare and a halls after my decease to be con- 
 signed to Mr. Russell merchant as aforesaid in the best merchauntable tobacco 
 for the use of my two children as aforesaid or else my executrix to make the 
 said some good as aforesaid in the best tobacco out of her owne estate and that 
 my two daughters aforesaid shall have sufficient diett lodgeinge washiuge and 
 apparell unto theire portions aforesaid be paid over uuto .Mr. Russell and they 
 shipped carefully for England and to Mr. Russell the charges to goe out of their 
 porcous and if either of my foresaid daughters dotli marry without the consent of 
 theire Mother in la we and the consent of Mr. DelionuH Russell botlihad togeather 
 if it be possible to be had then for such account the other sister shall enjoy halfo 
 the porcon soe not offending for better preferment but end if they both shall soe 
 olfend in that kinde then my will is that they shall have but halfe of the por 
 cons before resited and the other to goe to my brother John Peirsey, yf any of 
 my daughters should die before they attayne to be married my will is that the 
 one should be heire to the other niy will is that my children should remayne in 
 the custody of my deare friend Mr. Russell till they be married and that theire 
 porcons to be put forth to good men upon securitie for theire mayntenauuce. 
 Thus not doubtlnge that my deare wife Francis Peirsey my full and absolute 
 executrix and my two overseers before mentioned will doe theire best endeavours 
 
406 APPJENBIX. 
 
 for accomplisliinge this my last will and testament written under my owne liand 
 this first day of Marcli 1636 [36-7, 0. S.] and hereunto have fixed my seale and 
 subscribed my name the day and yeare above written. 
 
 Abraham Peirbky, 
 Seale. 
 Witnesses hereunto 
 Qreuville Pooly 
 Cleric. 
 Vera copia 
 
 Ben Harryson 
 
 Ck Con. 
 
 Page 39. 
 
 Jabez Whitacre of the Council of 1636, was probably the brother of Alexan- 
 der, the devoted clergyman at Henrico who about the year 1617, was drowned. 
 The second wife of William Whitacre or Whitaker the head of Saint John's 
 College, Cambridge, and father of Alexander, soon after husband's death, gave 
 birtli to a sou, who was christened Jabez. See Athence Oantabrigienses, Cam- 
 bridge, 1861. 
 
 Page 69. 
 
 The ministers of the lower parish of the Accomac County were first Francis 
 Bolton. The next of whom we have any account is William Cotton, whose 
 mother lived in Bunbury, Cheshire, England. He was a brother-in-law of Wil- 
 liam Stone the first Protestant Governor of Maryland. He had great trouble in 
 collecting his tythes, and in proceedings instituted in court in 1634, for the re- , 
 covery of them, is the following: "John Waltham aged 34, Eandall Reuell 31 
 yeares & John Ford 35 yeares therabouts, sworne and examined say that they 
 heard Henry Charlton say that if had had Mr. Cotton without the Church yeard 
 he would have kict him ouer the Pallysados calling of him, black cotted ras- 
 koll. Upon the Complaynt of Mr. Cotton ag'st the s'yd Charleton, and the 
 depositions aboue expressed it is ordered that the s'yd Charleton shall for the 
 s'yd offence byuld a pare of stocks, and sitt in them three seuerall Sabouth days 
 in the time of Dyvine Seruis, and there aske Mr. Cotton forgiueness. " 
 
 The same year a babbjing woman, see page 394, was dragged in King's 
 Creek behind a canoe, and then obliged to go to Mr. Cotton's church, and con- 
 fess her sin. There was no formal organization of a vestry in Accomac until 
 1635, and in September a parsonage was ordered to be erected, of wood, 40 feet 
 wide and 18 feet deep, and 9 feet to "the valley, with a chimney at each end, and 
 upon eacU side a room, one for a study, and the other for a " buttery." 
 
 Cotton died in 1 640, and his successor was John Rozier. One of the colonists 
 in his will calls him his " dear and respected friend," and John HoUoway a 
 physician bequeaths to him a folio Greek Testament. Nathaniel Baton the first 
 Principal of Harvard, when he fled from Cambridge, Massachusetts, came to 
 
APPEN-DIX. 407 
 
 Accomac, and for a time assisted Rozier in ministerial duties. Tliomas Palmer 
 succeeded Roller, and John Armourler was tlie next minister of the parish and 
 he was followed as early as 1651, by Thomas Higby who married the widow o^ 
 John Wilkins, vestryman. Before 1655, Higby died, and Francis Doughty, a 
 brother-in-law of Governor Stone and non-conformist, is called in 1656, in the will 
 of Ann, the widow of Col. Nathaniel Littleton, " Minister and Preacher of ye 
 word, in this parish " now in Northampton County. On June 8, 1657, Doughty 
 issued the following: " To all xtian people to whome this present wrightinge 
 shall come. 
 
 " Knowe yee that whereas there is a marriage to bee had and solemnized be- 
 tween me ffrancis Doughty of Northampton County in Virginia & Ann Eaton 
 of ye same County, and yt the s'd ffrancis Doughty may by virtue of marriage 
 haue or expect to haue a right or interest " in her estate, "do disowne and dis- 
 charge all right, to her estate, and to her children." 
 
 It is thought that the widow was the second wife of Nathaniel Eaton whom 
 he had deserted, when he went to England. 
 
 When Governor Berkeley fled to Accomac, another non-conformist was 
 preacher in the lower parish, as the following correspondence indicates 
 
 " Whereas Mr. Daniel Richardson o'r late minister, for want of orders, wag 
 found not orthodox, and therefore hired him from yeare to yeare ( to supply the 
 place of Minister so farras the Lawes of England and this Countrey could make 
 him capable) until wee could supply ourselves with an able, orthodox divine. 
 And forasmuch as Mr. Isaac Key did present whom wee find very able and 
 worthy wee of the Vestry & subscribers hereof doe certifye unto yor Honor that 
 at a vestry the 8th day of May last past did discharge the said Richardson from 
 his said ministry as may fully appear by an order of the said Vestry there made, 
 And have since made choice of the said Mr. Isaac Key for o'r minister who hath 
 accepted, and most willingly promised to serve, Wherefore wee hereby request 
 yor Honor's confirmacon by Inducting him into this o'r parish as minister, And 
 yor supplycants shall ever pray. 
 
 JoHK Stringer 
 William Kendall 
 William Waters. 
 John Robins 
 James Pigot " 
 
 "To which. Governor Berkeley, assents, in these words: This worthy learned 
 Gent. Mr. Key is soe well knowne to me, that I am most certaine you will be 
 happy in haueinge soe deseruing a person to officiate to you & aduise and com- 
 fort you in all yor spirtuall wants and necessityes, and I doe require that he bee 
 immediately Inducted 
 Nov. 18, 1676. William Berkeley." 
 
 Richardson was living in 1680, in Somerset County, Maryland, 
 
408 APPENDIX. 
 
 Pagb 71. 
 
 Cheue Boise or Cheney Boys was probably a relative of Capt. Isaac Bar 
 grave, tlie first person with Captain Ward, in 1618, to establish a private planta- 
 tion in Virginia. Doctor Bargrave, Dean of Canterbury, was the brother of 
 Isaac and the successor of John Boys in the Deanery who had married his sister. 
 In the first Legislative Assembly of Virginia, in 1619, was a John Boys, and 
 Cheney was no doubt a member of the same family. In Hotten's " Muster of 
 1635," Chene Boise is recorded as Chyna Boyse, living at Charles City, and then 
 36 years of age, and as having arrived in May, 1617, in the "George." 
 
 Page 79. 
 
 Reference is not to Qusman the Spanish Spy, as mentioned on page 79, but to 
 the hero of the Spanish romance by Mateo Alemon of Seville, called Guzman 
 de Alfarache the Kogue. 
 
 It was translated into English, by James Mabbe, a graduate of Oxford, Sec- 
 retary to Sir John Digby afterwards Earl of Bristol, when on an embassy to 
 Spain. The following entries are in the Registers of Stationers' Hall. Under 
 date of February 28, 1630-1, was entered. " A booke called the first part of the 
 life of Gusman of Alfarach written in Spain by Matthew Aleman, and trans- 
 lated into English by J. M : provided it is not to be printed unless translation 
 be allowed," 
 
 Under dale of August 31, 1633, was entered " A booke called The Second 
 part of the life of Gusman de Alfarach by Matthew Aleman" Ben Jonson in 
 some verses upon the translation writes. , 
 
 " For tho' Spaine gave him his first care and vogue 
 He would be called hereafter, the English Rogue." 
 
 The hero of the romance begins Ms career as a scullion in Madrid, then be- 
 came an errand boy, steals and hides himself in Toledo, when he acts the gen- 
 tleman, then returns to Madrid and cheats his creditors. 
 
 Page 81. 
 
 Gov. Winthrop of Massachusetts was informed on April 30, 1631, by his son 
 in London, that a contract had been made with Capt. Claiborne then in that 
 city to bring grain to Boston, and he mentions that "the ship that bringeth it 
 wch is the " Africa," whereof, Capt. Cleyborne is commander. 
 
 In the proceedings of Accomac Court, under date of May 4, 1685, appears the 
 following : " Were you Richard Thompson with Capt. Wm. Clayborne in the 
 ship called the " AfErica '' at the post of Susquehanna in the Bay of Chesapioque 
 about September in the year 1631 T 
 
 Thompson then 33 years of age, replied that he was not in the ship, but in a 
 boat, at the post, " a littell before the fall of the leafEe " and did see Capt. Ola - 
 borne trading with the Indians 
 
APPENDIX. 409 
 
 Page 82. 
 
 Daniel, brother of Sir Vincent Qookin, was married in 1609, to Mary, daughter 
 of Kichard Bird. His son Daniel was born in 1613, and about 1639, he was 
 married a second time, to Mary Dollina; of St. Sepulclire's Parish, London, aged 
 about 21 years. After her death he married Hannah, who was a widow Savage, 
 and daughter of Edward Tyng of Massachusetts. Upon February 1, 1630, Daniel 
 Gooliin, Junior, conveys to Tliomas Addison, late servant of Daniel his father, 
 150 acres above Newport News, at the place called " Marie's Mount " 
 
 Pagb 90. 
 
 Charles Harmar also written Harmer, by following the careless transcription 
 of Hotten, appears in this volume as Harman was the son of John Harmar, 
 Warden of Winchester. He was an enterprising planter at Magotby Bay of the 
 Eastern Shore, and a prominent man. When only twenty-four years of age, he 
 came, in 1622, in the ship ' ' Furtherance," to Virginia. His brother John, born at 
 Chursdon, Gloucestershire, was a graduate of Magdalene College, Oxford, and a 
 distinguished scholar and clergyman, having translated into Greek and Latin 
 the Westminster Catechism. In 1658, he delivered an address at Oxford, to 
 Oliver Cromwell, and by the influence of Richard Cromwell, in 1659, was 
 chosen Greek professor, but lost the professorship, after the return of Charles 
 the Second. 
 
 Charles Harmar in 1635, entered land because of the transportation of eight 
 negroes, and the following white servants: Evan Jones, Thomas Cole, James 
 Courtney, Lazarus Manning, Thomas Davis, Richard Wyett, John Symons, Rich- 
 ard Newton, Elizabeth Burnett, Rebecca Slaughter, Mary Chest. He died before 
 A. D. 1644, as 150 acres were granted on the 17th of September of this year to 
 Eliza, daughter and heir to said Charles Harmar, and on May 1, lb54, this land 
 was assigned by Thomas Harmar the son of Dr. John the Greek professor, who 
 calls himself the heir of Eliza Harmar, to Nathaniel Littleton. 
 
 In the Northampton County Records the widow of Charles Harmar is said to 
 have married a Captain Littleton. 
 
 Obedience Robins, born A. D. 1601, was with Charles Harmar, a member in 
 1682, of the first County Court of Accomac, and was a brother of Richard of North- 
 amptonshire, and of Edward a merchant in Accomac. His name and associations 
 seem to indicate that he was of Puritan affinities. His wife was the widow of 
 Edward Waters, one of the two ship-wrecked persons, who in 1610, refused to 
 leave the Bermudas, with Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Geo. Somers, being pleased 
 with the island. In 1618, the ship "Diana " arrived at the Bermudas and among 
 the passengers was Grace O'Neil then a girl sixteen years old. She became the 
 wife of Waters and they then removed to Elizabeth City, now Hampton, Vir- 
 ginia, where their first child, William was born, who became an active citizen 
 of Northampton County. Before A.D., 1628, Edward Waters died, and his 
 52 
 
410 APPENDIX. 
 
 widow married Obedience Robins. In February, 1633, William Cotton, minister 
 of the parish, complained to the Accomac Court, that Robins had refused to 
 issue warrants for the minister's tithes. 
 
 Edward Robins, merchant in Accomac and brother of Obedience died in July, 
 1641, and his daughter Rachel married Richard Beard, and Elizabeth became the 
 wife of William Burgess. After William Stone of Northampton became its first 
 Protestant Governor, Beard and Burgess removed to Maryland. Beard made 
 the first map of Annapolis and belonged to the people "in scorn called Quaker*,'' 
 and Burgess was in sympathy with Cromwellians at least,, for a period. Jane 
 the wife of George Puddington a member of the Maryland Assembly, from Ann 
 Arundel County, in 1650, was a sister-in-law of Obedience Robins. Mountjoy 
 Bveliu, the second son of George formerly of Kent Island, Maryland, married in 
 1653, Dorothy the third child of Obedience and Grace Robins. 
 
 Thomas Higby the then minister, was complained of by Obedience Robins 
 because he had abused him. Probably Robins, had as in 1683, been negligent as 
 to the minister's tithes, he died in 1663, but his widow Grace lived twenty 
 years longer. 
 
 Page 97. 
 
 William Cotton, minister, on October 35, 1634, complained to Accomac Court, 
 that the administrator of Capt. John Stone, deceased, had not paid tithes. 
 
 Page 131. 
 
 Among the Records of Northampton County, Va., is the following order from 
 Claiborne. 
 
 " The Mary landers have taken my pinnace the Long Tayle with her company 
 and some others of my men trading in other jDlaces ; Philip Taylor go to Patow. 
 meeks and Patuxent. Given at Kent, eleventh of May, 1635." 
 
 In subsequent years Jane, the widow of Philip Taylor, married William Elton- 
 head of Maryland, Taylor, in 1635, was 34 years of age. 
 
 Page 138. 
 
 Francis Pott, and his nephew John, in 1647, had a plantation at Magothy Bay, 
 and in 1654, a Francis Pott was sheriff of Northampton County. 
 
 Page 135. 
 
 B,awlM8.,A.n\p.%^. 
 A COPPY OP Dr. Coxe's Title he Claimbs in Norpfolk County. 
 
 This indenture made the 33d Jany Anno Dom : 1637, and in ye 13th year of or 
 Sou'r : Lord Charles by ye Grace of God King of England, Scotland firance & 
 Ireland Defender of ye faith, &c. , Between Sr. John Harvey Kut, Gon'r for ye 
 time being of the Colony of Virginia with ye Consent of ye Councel of State of 
 ye same, on ye one part, and the Rt. Honble Henry Lord Matravers of ye other 
 
APtENDIX. 411 
 
 part WITNESSETH that whereas it hatli pleased the King's most excellent majtie 
 by his royal letters bearing date ye 11th day of April in ye 13th year of his 
 Majts reign to authorize & comand me ye sd Sr. John Harvey wth ye sd Counce 
 to assign & sell unto ye sd Henry Lord Matravers & his heires for euer a compe- 
 tent tract of Land in ye Southern part of ye Colony to beare a name of a 
 County & be called ye County of Norfolk upon such conditions for ye time & 
 manner of planting it as shall be found requisit for ye General good of ye 
 Colony, and wth such powers and priviledges as may be filt for a person of his 
 quality, Reserueingto his majtie his heires & successors ye yearly rent 20«. to be 
 paid by ye sd Lord Matravers & his heires for ye said County. 
 
 Now Know yee that ye sd Sr .Tolin Harvey Knt. Qovr. & Capt. Gentt of 
 Virginia wth the Consent of ye sd Councel of State By virtue of hig majt's said 
 royal Letters to me & ye sd Couneel'directed, and in Consideration of ye under- 
 taking of the said Henry Lord Matravers to transport at his own Costs and 
 charges & to settle & plant diuers Inhabitants in ye Colony for ye advancemt. 
 & General good of ye Plantation Haue Granted allotted assigned & confirmed 
 ye said Henry Lord Matravers & his heires for euer a certaine Territory & Tract 
 of Land situate Lying & being on the southern side of James River in the Branch 
 of ye sd Kiver hereafter to be called Matravers River, towards the head of ye sd 
 Nanzimum ats Matravers River being bounded from that part of Nanzimum 
 River ats Matravers River where it diuides it self into Branches one degree in 
 Longitude on either side of ye River and in Latitude to ye height of 35 Degrees 
 Northerly Latitude -by ye name and appellation of ye County of Norfolk. And 
 further I ye said Sr. John Harvey Knt. wth the consent of ye sd Councel do 
 grant & agree to and wth ye sd Henry Lord Matravers & his heires that when 
 he or they haue planted & peopled ye aboue menconed tract of Land hereby to 
 him & his heirs assigned & appointed that then it shall be lawful! for him ye sd 
 Lord Matravers or his heires to make choice of & to enter into & haue as 
 much more Land in Virginia as is herein contained. With ye same & ye like pri 
 viledges to be had & chosen in such place & places where no English shall be 
 then settled or Inhabitted or haue made choice of & the same granted to them 
 either by Patent or order of Court to haue and to hold ye aboue men- 
 coned Tract of Land according to ye Limits & bounds thereof as also all & singular 
 the Lands to be chosen as aforesaid with their & euery of their appurtces with 
 all mines, as well Royal mines of Gold & silver as other Mines & Minerals 
 woods ffishings flfowlings waters Rivers & all other profits comodities & heredi- 
 tamts whatsoeuer wth in ye prcincts of ye aforesd Territory or tract of Land as 
 to the aforesd Lands to be chosen unto ye sd Henry Lord Matravers & his heirs 
 for euer. In as large & ample manner any Grants haue hereto fore been made to 
 any adventurers or undertakers whatsoeuer, either by ye Late treasurer & Com- 
 pany or at at any time since To be held of o'r sd Sou'r Lord the King 
 his heirs & Successors as of his mannor of East Greenwich in free & comon 
 Soccage by 'fealty, and .not in Capite nor by Knts seruice. Yielding 
 & paying unto our said Bou'r Lord ye King his heires and Successrs for euer 
 
412 APPENDIX. 
 
 one-fifth part of ye said ore ye Mines of Gold & Silver which shall be found 
 within ye limits of ye sd Tract of Land & County of Norfolk and ye Lands 
 to be chosen and taken up as aforesd And likewise yielding & paying 
 unto or sd Sou'r Lord the King his heires & Suocessrs for ye sd County of 
 Norfolk the yearly Rent of 20. shill at ye feast of St. Michael ye Archangel unto 
 ye hands of his Majts Treasurer of Virginia to begin after ye expiration of ye 
 first seuen yeares after ye date hereof and further it shall be lawful! to & for ye sd 
 Henry Lord Matravers or his heires his or their tenants & seruants & such as he 
 or they shall contract with or send or Imploy for ye sd County to go and return 
 trade & traffick wth ye Natives or otherwise within ye Limitts of ye Colony 
 Also to Import & transport their goods & merchandizes at their will and pleas- 
 ures paying only such duties to ye Kings Majts heires & Suocessrs as ye sd late 
 treasurer & Company did, or ought to haue paid (vizt.) five pounds per cent for 
 all imported Goods & five pounds per cent : for all Exported Goods wth out any 
 other taxes imposicons, burdens or Restraints upon them to be Imposed other- 
 wise than by ye Grant or Consent by Grand Assembly of ye General Colony of 
 Virginia & for ye publick necessary seruioe thereof And It is furtlier granted & 
 agreed that ye persons to be transported shall not be taken away nor comanded 
 either by ye Gov'r for ye time being of Virginia or any other Authority there, 
 from the business & employmt of ye sd Henry Lord Matrauers or his heires & 
 others contracted with & employed as aforesd upon any pretence whatsoeuer 
 (necessary defence of ye Country, Preseruation of ye peace suppressing tumults 
 ariseing wthin ye Land & tryals in matters of Justice in Criminal Cases of life & 
 death, or in civil Laws by appeal only excepted) And ye sd Sr Jno Harvey with 
 the Consent of ye Councel aforesd do further agree to & with ye sd Henry Lord 
 Matravers & his heires that It shall be LawfuU to & for ye sd Henry Lord 
 Matravers & his heires to make & Ordaine such Officers & Comanders, Also to 
 name & flframe such Orders Ordinances & constitutions from time to time for ye 
 Rule & Govormnt. Ordering & directing of all persons to be transported & set- 
 tled within ye sd County so that ye sd Orders Ordinances & constitutions be not 
 repugnant to ye Laws of England or to the particular Laws of the Colony as to 
 such Orders and Instructions as shall be from time to time directed from ye 
 King Majistie or from ye Lords of his Majts most Honble privy Councel to the 
 Govern'r & Councel in Virginia (ordinary appeals to ye Court at James City held 
 by the Governs and Councel only Excepted) and the sd Lord Matravers for him 
 & his heires doth Coven't & agree so & wth ye sd Govr & Councel that he or they 
 shall & will with in ye time or terme of seuen yeares from ye date hereof plant & 
 secure with a sufficient strength of people the said County of Norfolk herein by 
 these presents Granted And further that ye sd Henry Lord Matravers or his 
 heires shall from time to time dureing the said seven yeares make or cause to be 
 made a true Certificate to the Governour & Councel in Virginia for the time 
 being of euery person transported and Landed in Virginia or shipped for Virginia 
 and dying before arrival to be entered by his Majts Secretary in Virginia in the 
 
APPj^NBIJt. 41 3 
 
 Court Rolls kept at James City. In witness whereof I the said Sr. John 
 Harvey Knight, GJovern'r haue to the one part of these present Indentures sett 
 his hand and the seal of the Colony and to the other part thereof the said Henry 
 Lord Matravers hath sett to his hand and seal. 
 
 Page 136. 
 
 George Ludlow on February 30, 1642-3 gave a deed for a house to Argall 
 Yeardley, and Nathaniel Eaton the minister, and formerly of Harvard College, 
 Cambridge, Mass., was one of the witnesses, see Northampton County Records. 
 
 Koger Ludlow who came to Virginia in 1654, was a brother of George, and 
 there was another brother Gabriel, whose children were in England. George 
 Ludlow of York County, and parish, became a member of the Council in Vir- 
 ginia in 1642, and in 1655, not long before his death was a member of that 
 body. 
 
 In his will, he gives legacies to the children of Roger, his brother, namely, 
 Jona.than, Joseph, Roger, Anne, Mary and Sarah. Tlie codicil to his will was 
 dated October 23, 1655, and the children are called minors. Jonathan was at 
 that time in Dublin, Ireland, ■where resided Nathaniel Brewster, a minister, one 
 of the first graduates of Harvard, whose wife was a Sarah Ludlow, probably 
 . the sister of George and Roger. Sarali Ludlow supposed to have been the 
 daughter of Roger, was the last wife of John Carter of Virginia, and her son 
 Robert, born in 1661, was the large slave holder linown as King Carter. 
 
 Colonel Daniel Park, Jr., married a Miss Ludlow of Green Spring. Col. 
 George Ludlow in his will, an abstract of which is given by H. F. Waters in 
 N. E. Hist. Oen. Register for July, 1886, bequeaths to George, the son of Col. 
 William Bernard, his great silver tankard witli his arms on it, and to George, 
 son of Capt. Richard Webster, of Jamestown, a silver tankard that had been 
 brought in 1655, by Mr. Bowler. At the time the will was made, there was 
 living at his house in York Parish, a Rebecca Hurst in the capacity of house- 
 keeper or privileged servant, whom his nephew Thomas, son of Gabriel, pro- 
 posed to marry, and it is provided that if he carries out his intention, all 
 bequeathed to him shall go to Jonathan, son of George. 
 
 Page 143. ' 
 
 Before going to Maryland Capt. William Hawley as early as A.D, 1644, lived 
 in Northampton County, Virginia. 
 
 • Page 144. 
 
 Until the year 1635, there had been no formal organization of a church vestry 
 in Ac«somac County. William Cotton whose mother, Joane, rasided at Bunbury 
 in Cheshire, England, was then, minister, and after his death, in 1640, John 
 Rozier, became the preacher, and was a respectable person. Rozier employed 
 Nathaniel Eaton as an assistant, and owing to a difference between them, 
 
414 APPENDIX. 
 
 Nathaniel Littleton, Obedience Robins, John Neale, and John Qookin were 
 appointed arbitrators, and they on March 33, 1643-3, decided that Rozier should 
 pay six hundred pounds of tobacco to Eaton ; and that the next year the veetry 
 should pay him that amount. Eaton left in 1646, and that there is record of a 
 suit brouglit in January, 1646-7, against the estate of Nathaniel Baton, Clerk, 
 that is clericus, clergyman. See Note to Page 69. 
 
 Page 149. 
 
 Abstract of George Donne's Essay " Virginia Beviewed" among the Harleian 
 Manuscripts 7031, fol. 389, in the British Museum. 
 
 It begins " Most sacred and most gracious Sir : The Benefitts they are greate. 
 The blessings wherewith yor People have beeue fedd since yor possession of 
 y or inheritance ye Crowne are to all Nations an Admiartion (admiration) with 
 an Envy. Peace and plenty setled in the trueth of Religion, flourishing by the 
 Establishment of an Empire." After a few more fulsome sentences, several 
 pages are devoted to " a search into antiquities for succession of their names 
 who first by land, and afterwards by Sea attended as well their labours, by 
 conquering, as their diligence by opening unknowne Countries." 
 
 The essay then gives four reasons for the discovery of new countries, and the 
 foundation of colonies, namely " Enlargement of the Church, employment of 
 shipps, maintenance of artificers & mariners, & increase of treasure to King 
 and Kingdom.'' 
 
 Twenty-one reasons are then given why Virginia " hath undergone a disie- 
 puted fame." There is then considered the danger of surprisal by the Spaniards 
 and the defence of the colony. Kext the duties of Governors of Colonies are 
 pointed out, and the proper kind of immigrants described. In this connection 
 follows the criticism upon New England which appears on pages 148, 149 of 
 this volume. Maryland is then praised for its fertility and Lord Baltimore com- 
 mended for " siding with our endeavors in Virginia." 
 
 The author in concluding the essay " his first presumption & yery likely his 
 last ", writes : 
 
 •' Concerning one chief poynt why I onely undergoe a censure by Entrance on 
 the buisiness of Virginia after soe manie interested in it, since the first Planta- 
 tion, why I alone should seeme to bee wise, whilse others more instructed keep 
 silence, I pleaded by way of answere, as did one, long since, in Salust. Those 
 things they heard, or read, I p'sonally have seene, and done what they have 
 learned by Information, I have tryed by action, and experience, beinge soe 
 much the more capable of what I p'sent as deeds and proofs are before words 
 and intimations *****! have submitted these few papers to yor 
 Majesty (as free from AfEectation, as full of Affection.) 
 
 " The Memory of yor gracious, excellent, singular favours to my father ig his 
 life, and unto his end, requires the best of my services, if I deserve the honor of 
 being acknowledged his sonne, or the greater, of living under yor scepter. The 
 
APPENDIX. 415 
 
 bounty of your Grace to myself during my imprisonment in Spaine, freely 
 granted. ***** In all duty, endeavors to bee kuowne amongst yor 
 most Faithful!, yor Majesties 
 
 Most humble subject 
 
 GtEOBGB Donne." 
 
 Page 151. 
 
 Perhaps a relative of Christopher Wormeley ; one Ralph Wormeley, about 
 1644, married the widow of Luke Stebbins, merchant, upon the Eastern Shore 
 of Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 Page 153. 
 
 On the 20th of January, 1644-5, dame Elizabeth Harvey asked the Court to 
 substitute Uichard Kemp and Captain William Peirce as trustees in place of 
 Capt. Samuel Mathews, Capt. D. Gookin, George Ludlow and Capt. Thomas 
 Bernard, former trustees, under a feoffment, made by the said dame Elizabeth 
 for the use of Samuel Stevens gent., her son by a former marriage. 
 
 Page 181. 
 
 After Chapter 6th was printed there were found in the Northampton County 
 Records, two letters from William Webb of London, dated July 30, 1643, one 
 letter directed " to my worthy friend Mr. Thomas Copley at his plantation in 
 Maryland ;" the other, " To his Noble Reverend Mr. Andrew White, Esq., att 
 Maryland." These letters mention that Sir Edmund Plowden was about to sail 
 for America. These letters have been printed in the Pennsylvania Historical 
 Society Magazine. 
 
 An account appeares in the Records with the following items. 
 " Sir Edmund Plowden. 
 
 Dr. to Edw: Mathews 
 1643. ffor takinge ftower Depositions 
 att the Soxochar, aff, and cop. attested 
 under my hand wch Sir Edm. Plowden 
 
 p'tended to carry for England, the busines lb. tob. 
 
 a description of New Albion 150 
 
 fior searching several Books att 
 yt office in Jamestowne, and transcribinge 
 Cop. of manuscripts here described, to have to 
 testifye to his friends in England, 150." 
 
 In October, 1640, Plowden was still in prison for contempt of Court, in re- 
 fusing to pay his wife's alimony. It was not long after his release when he 
 went to America. 
 
416 APPENDIX. 
 
 Page 187. 
 
 Captain Robert Morjson in a deposition, upon record in Northampton County, 
 mentions that daring the year, 1644, his ship left Smith's Island for England by 
 way of Dublin, Ireland, and that Captain " Clayborne" and his wife, and Capt. 
 Philip Taylor were passengers. 
 
 Page 194. 
 
 Lt. Thomas Rolfe, Campbell mentions upon the authority of Richard Ran- 
 dolpli, as liaving married a iliss Poythers who had an only daughter Jane, 
 which was also the name of John Rolfe'slast white wife. Jane married Robert 
 Boiling upon whose tombstone in Prince George County was this inscription : 
 " Here lyeth interred in the hope of a joyful resurrection the body of Robert 
 Boiling, the son of John & Mary Boiling of All Hallows, Barkin Parish, Tower 
 Street, London. He was born on the 26th day of December in the year 1646, 
 and came to Virginia October 3, 1680, and departed this life the 17th day of 
 July 1709, aged 62yeares, six months, and twenty-one days." 
 
 Page 195. 
 
 Capt. Roger Marshall had lived in Northampton County, and Ann the wife 
 of Col. Nathaniel Littleton had stood as god-mother at the christening of his 
 eldest son. 
 
 Page 201. 
 
 William Stone, Governor of Maryland, was in 1683, a resident of Accomac 
 County, as the whole Eastern Shore was then called, whose commissioners were 
 William Claiborne, Obedience Robins, William Stone, William Burdett, John 
 Wilkins, and William Andrews. 
 
 In September, 1635, he was a vestryman, and at a meeting when his brother- 
 in-law the minister William Cotton, was allowed a parsonage which was to be 
 18 X 40 ft. with a chimney at each end, and annexed to that chimney a room, 
 " one for a study " the other for a " buttery.'' In 1640, he held land "between 
 Mattawomex and Hungar's Creek. " On the 27th of October, 1640, he was a wit- 
 ness to an agreement as were also Nathaniel Littleton, and Nathaniel Eaton the 
 minister of unsavory reputation. In 1046, he was sherifE of Northampton 
 County, and his under sheriff was Thomas Hatton, without doubt, the same who 
 in 1648, with his wife and two sons Robert and Thomas went to Maryland. Job 
 Chandler, a brother of Samuel a merchant of London, was at this time in North- 
 ampton, and afterwards was a Maryland councillor. Francis Doughty the non- 
 conformist minister was the Governor's brother-in-law. Verlinda, daughter of 
 William Cotton the minister and his wife Anna, married Thomas Burdett, who 
 settled in Charles County, Maryland, in 1658, she was a widow residing at 
 Nanjemie where Governor Stone, also lived. Verlinda her aunt, was the Gov- 
 ernor's wife. In 1653, the Governor sold his house, at Hungar's Creek, Virginia 
 to Capt. William Whittington. Joane, the mother of the clergyman Cotton, 
 lived at Bunbury, Cheshire, England. 
 
. APPENDIX. • 417 
 
 Page 307. 
 
 Major Pliilip Stevens was given by the Council of State of England, by an 
 order, dated August 10, 1650, " £50, as a reward for his sufEerings in Virginia." 
 While William Stevens was an officer under Waller, there is no evidence that he 
 came to Virginia, as assumed on page 307. Philip was probably the per- 
 son who, with Norwood, was ship-wrecked. 
 
 There was however a William Stevens in Aocomac before 1643, who came out 
 as the servant of John Seavern, surgeon and is called a carpenter. He is proba- 
 bly the same person as William of Pingoteague who died in 1663, and whose 
 son was also named William. The widow of the elder William was named Ann 
 and she married a Wilson, the wife of the son William was named Priscilla. 
 The Col. William Stevens who went to Maryland may have been a different 
 person. • 
 
 Page 208. 
 
 A John Custis, in 165i7, married the widow of Peter Walker. 
 
 Page 310. 
 
 Sir Thomas Lnnsford's wife was Catherine, daughter of Sir Henry Neville, 
 Kt. and his wife Elizabeth the child of Sir John Smith of Osterhanger, Kent. 
 The General Court at James City, October 12, 1670, refer to Lunsford as de- 
 ceased, and three daughters in England, and " Katherine " in Virginia. 
 
 Page 310. 
 
 Major Henry Norwood was imprisoned in the Tower, London, in January, 
 1651-5, and owing to his poverty, on Sept. 23, 1657, 10 shillings a week were 
 allowed to him. Burton in bis "Diary" under date of March 16th, 1658-9 
 writes : "Major Norwood is at liberty by virtue of an order of his Highness and 
 his Council * * * Mr. Norwood not to come to England, without leave." 
 
 After the accession of Charles the Second, he was one of the officers of the 
 forces which reduced the Dutch at Manhattan, and in 1665, he returned to Eng- 
 land and Governor NicoU of New York recommended him as his successor, be- 
 cause he was a person, " whose temperament would be acceptable both to the 
 soldiers and the country." 
 
 Richard Fox who arrived at Jamestown in the winter of 1650, with Nor- 
 wood, seems to have gone back with him to England, as on June 33d, the Coun- 
 cil of State ordered that " Eichard Fox be discharged from prison on condition 
 that he leaves town in four days, and to be of good behaviour." 
 
 Page 311. 
 
 Aubrey in " in Bodleian Letters " referring to Davenant's residence in Franca 
 has this language : " Here he layed an ingeniose designe to carry a considerable 
 number of artificers (chiefly weavers) from hence to Virginia, and by Mary the 
 Queen mothers meanes he got favour from the King of Prance, to goe into the 
 
 53 
 
418*^ APPENDIX. 
 
 prisons, and pick, and clioose, and when the poor damned wretches 'Knew what 
 the designe was they cryed uno ore ' Tout Tisseran.' We are all weavers. 
 Well [he tools] 36 as I remember, and shipped then, and as he was on his voyage 
 towards Virginia, he and his Tisseran, were all taken by the ships, then, be„ 
 longing to the Parliament." 
 
 His commission came into the hands of the Puritan minister formerly of Vir- 
 ginia, and upon November 10, 1652, the Council of State directed " Thomas 
 Harrison, minister of St. Dunstan's in the East, Loudon, to bring to Council, the 
 commission lately granted by Charles Stuart to William Davenant, to have 
 command in some English plantation, in America." 
 
 Page 212. 
 
 Edmund Scarborough was one of the early merchants of Accomac and North- 
 ampton Counties. In 1651, he sent a vessel into the Delaware River to trade 
 with the Indians, which was stopped at Fort Nassau nearly opposite Philadel- 
 phia, by the Dutch commander Andreas Hudde. He was a royalist in his 
 sympathies, and a friend of Gov. Berkeley. The following is among the North- 
 ampton Records : 
 
 " Collonell Littleton 
 
 " I pray (vpon sight hereof) deliuer unto Mr. Edmund Scarbrugh Towe [two] 
 of yor best Ewe Lambe wch I have giuen him, for his Daughters Tabitha & 
 Matilda, charge ye same to Accott, fr 
 
 " yor Llovinge frend 
 " April 10, 1652. William Berkeley." 
 
 Col. Obedience Robins, in February, 1653, entered the following protest 
 against an outrageous proceeding of Scarborough. " Capt. John Jacob a High 
 Germayne of Frankeudall in the palatiate, who in ye yeare 1651, engaged to ye 
 State of England & embarked himselfe tbeire in a London or New England 
 shipp whereof Capt. Rich : Thurston was comandr & with a good quantitye of 
 English goods came into New England, and thence with Mr. Cuttin vnto 
 Severne [now Annapolis] & returned to New England with John Bennett vnto 
 Boston, in New England, and by unfailable testimony imployed vnto Virginia 
 by Mr. Samll Mauericke, Mr. Robert Knight & Mr. Nathll Gardner three prin- 
 cipal mrchants liuinge in Boston in New England came vnto mee, and com- 
 playned that beinge in a New England vessell belonginge vnto ye aboue Mr. 
 Rob't Knight, at Nominy in patomack Riuer att Anker, in a small creelte, 
 aground there, came a vessell called ye Hobbyhorse belonging vnto & sett forth 
 by Left Coll. Edm. Soarburgh wth eight armed men ; & in his absence did seize 
 his vessel as they s'd for the State of England. 
 
 "Towe [two] of his men being Aboard And hee about halfaHowre after, 
 came on board, and finding these five men armed, hee demanded their intent, 
 they answered they seized the vessell & goods for ye State of England, where- 
 vpon hee asked them if they had a comission soe to doe, they replyed he should 
 
APPENDIX. 419 
 
 see it, then he s'd that not only his vessel hut his Body alsoe was readdy to doe 
 ye State seruice, hat afterwards Hee toald them, that if they came to take any 
 vessell without a commission they were pirate, wherevpon they grew to hard 
 words & one of them presented a pistol att him, and as hee presented itt, after- 
 ward confessed had not his mayster Mark Magge stept hetween them, he 
 "had shott him, hee seeing a pistoll cockt att him stept into ye cabbin & fetched 
 out a, gunn & towe of ye men took hold of ye gun, until ye ten named 
 Rich. Wayman strucke him ouer ye head with ye butt end of his gun & 
 very sore wounded him, the otlier wth his pistoll cockt ready to fyre vpon 
 him. And soe viollently carryed away his vessell & disposed of most of 
 his goodes, at their pleasure. And when he had desiered them to lett ye 
 goods alone, they tould him, hee had a knock vpon one side of his head, 
 already & if hee would not be quiett they would knock his brayne out, or 
 ye other side. Hee therefore desired mee to go with him & p'test against their 
 proceedinges ; his s'd vessell beinj? brought into or Harbour, and the stearne of 
 the ship 'Speadwell' of Bristoll, Capt, peter Wraxall being commander 
 thereof, who had giuen a coppie of his commission from ye Admiralty of Eng- 
 land vnto Left. Coll. Bdm. Scarburgh By wch power hee sett forth his Hobby 
 Horse on the 26th daye of this instant moneth. I went aboard ye aforesaid sliip 
 ' Speedwell.' And in the name of the Keepers of the Libertye of England, by 
 authority of Parlim't did require of Mr. Dauis Maysters Mate of ye shipp the s'd 
 vessell & goods to be deliuered vnto mee, j'e Capt. John Jacob, and hee ye s'd 
 Mr. Dauis replyed, ausorde that hee had orders from Capt. Wraxall not to de- 
 liuer her vnto any person or persons whatsoever, and vntil he had further orders 
 he would not deliuer." 
 
 In the investigation which took place, Mark Magge the Master of the Hobby 
 Horse deposed that he came down from Ockahannock and found the New England 
 vessel by the Mills, and that after they were anchored by the " Bristol ship,'' 
 came aboard Argall Yeardley, Obedience Robins, Capt. John Stringer, and Mr. 
 Lamberton, and as they were leaving the chirurgeon abused the master, and 
 said " that he had a horse at home, and thought to bring, but he was afraid they 
 would have made him a Colonel, Major, or Justice of the Peace " and that he 
 farther declared, " that most all of them here were Rogues or whores, or vaga- 
 bonds, or theives, or beggars, and many other scandalous names.'' 
 
 Col. Scarborough in consequence of this and other actions, for a time left the 
 country. He died in 1671, and left a widow Mary, and son Charles. His 
 sons-in-law were John West, and Devereux Browne. The administrators of his 
 estate were Col. Kendall, Capt. John Custis, William Custis, and Major William 
 Anderson. 
 
 Pages 226, 256. 
 
 Austine or Augustine Warner of the Assembly of 1653, whose eldest son was 
 born October 20, 1643, was named also Augustine, and in 1858, was enrolled a 
 pupil of the Merchant Tailors' School, London. 
 
420 APPENDIX. 
 
 Milred Warner liis sister, married. Lawrence, son of John Washington the ycs^- 
 migrant. Mildred Washington was left a widow, with three children, Johm 
 Augustine, and Mildred. She afterwards married George Gale, and was buried 
 in January 1700-1, at St. Nicholas Church, White Haven, Cumberland, England. 
 Mildred's son Augustine, was the father of George Washington, the first Presi- 
 dent of the Republic. 
 
 Page 233. 
 
 Roger Green was alive in 1671, and designated in the records of the General 
 Court,as " preacher." On the 23d of November, 1671, the Court ordered the 
 vestry of the parish of James City, to pay to Green, 13,00& of tobacco, for the 
 accommodation of Mr. Samuel Jones, minister of the parish. See p. 844. 
 
 Page 235. 
 The Reverend^aud learned Samuel Drisius preached perhaps during this visit 
 as Commissioner from Manhattan. In May 1654, in a deposition, Sarah the wife 
 of John Hunman, incidentally mentions that, " the last Sabbath Mr. Drisius 
 preached here [Northampton County] this deponent, her husband and daughter 
 went to Richard Jacobs." 
 
 Page 231. 
 Thomas Mallory, Dean of Chester, was not the same person as Thomas Mal- 
 lory, the London minister at a later date. The Dean was the son of Sir William 
 Mallory, of Stewdley, Torkshire, and after being in Mobberley for a number of 
 years, he went to Chester and at the age of 78, in April, 1644, died, and was 
 buried in the Cathedral. 
 
 Page 245. 
 Samuel Butler the author of " Hudibras" was alive at the time of the Indian 
 troubles, and fond of far-fetched allusions, thus refers to tke Indian chief Totto- 
 pottomoy. 
 
 " Our brethren of New England use 
 Choice malefactors to excuse, 
 And hung the guiltless in their stead 
 Of whom the churches have less need 
 As lately 't happened : in a town 
 There lived a cobler, and but one. 
 That out of doctrine could not use, 
 And mend men's lives as well as shoes, 
 This precious brother having slain 
 In times of peace, an Indian, 
 Not out of malice, but mere zeal 
 Because he was infldel 
 The mighty Tottippottimoy 
 Sent to our elders an envoy 
 Complaining sorely of the breach." 
 
APPENDIX. 421 
 
 Page 254. 
 
 William Eltonhead, of Maryland, the brother-in-law of Henry Corbyn, may- 
 have been the same person who married Jane, the widow of Philip Taylor, a 
 Burgess of Northampton County in 168-, and a former associate of Claiborne. 
 
 Page 355. 
 
 Hancock, son of Richard Lee, who married the granddaughter of William 
 Brewster, the leader of the Puritan Colony at Plymouth Rock, was in 1677, one 
 of the Commissioners of Northampton County, and was in the county in 1683, 
 in 1688 he was a resident of Northumberland County and built the place called 
 Ditchley. 
 
 Page 256. 
 
 See page 226. 
 
 Page 275. 
 
 On May 6, 1650, a pass was issued " for Sir Henry Moodie and Francis Love- 
 lace, with six servants, to Long Island, they subscribing the engagement." 
 
 Page 287. 
 
 Anthony Langston prepared a letter on the condition of Virginia, and espe- 
 cially the need of Iron works, which is among the Egerton MSS. of the British 
 Museum. 
 
 Page 290. 
 
 Among the Egerton MSS. is also preserved the Remonstrance of Virginia, 
 dated March 28, 1663, and signed by Berkeley, Francis Morysou, Thomas Lud. 
 well, Sec. Richard Lee, Nathaniel Bacon, Ab : Wood, John Carter, Edward 
 Carter, Theodore Bland, Thomas Stegge, and Henry Corbyn, protesting against 
 the grant of lands to certain Lords. 
 
 Page 293. 
 
 The letters of Governor Berkeley to the Virginia Assembly in 1659-60, and 
 to Charlei the Second after the Restoration are in footnote of Chapter Nine, on 
 pages 853, 353. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abbe, Thomas, 23. 
 
 Abbot, Archbishop, describes Oeorge 
 
 Calvert, 63. 
 
 Maurice, Va. Commissioner, 13. 
 Abdy, Anthony, Va. Commissioner, 13. 
 Abraham, an Indian dies in London, 39. 
 Abrahall, Lt. Col. Robert, burgess, 369, 
 
 349. 
 Accomac County, 177, 181. 
 
 called Northampton, 169. 
 
 first parsonage in, 406, 416. 
 
 early ministers of 406, 407. 
 
 church censures, 406. 
 
 play actors, 315. 
 Addams, Ann, servant, 19. 
 Addison Alexander, 321. 
 
 Thomas, 184, 409. 
 Adkinson, James, 331. 
 Africa, Claiborne's ship at Susquehanna, 
 
 408. 
 Albemarle, Commissioners, 317. 
 Alciat, the poet, 46. 
 
 Aleman, Matthew, Spanish novelist, 408. 
 Alford, Richard, servant, 18. 
 Alfrach, the Rogue, a Spanish romance, 
 
 79, 408 
 Allen, William, of London, 317. 
 
 burgess, 73. 
 
 servant, 33. 
 Allerton, Isaac, son-in-law of Puritan 
 
 Brewster, 167, 255. 
 
 Junior, 157 ; settles in Virginia, 
 
 255 ; pursues Indians, 347, 887 ; 
 
 daughter marries Hancock Lee, 431. 
 
 Alleyn, Richard, 231. 
 Ambrose, Alice, Quakeress, 299. 
 Anacostan Indians, 92. 
 Anderson.Major William, administrator 
 
 of Edmund Scarborough's estate, 
 
 419. 
 Andrews, William of Accomac, 331, 298, 
 
 416. 
 
 Junior, 331. 
 Angelo, negro slave, 35. 
 Anamessex, settlement, 300. 
 Anthonie, a servant, 30. 
 Antony, a nejrro, 40. 
 Appleton, Richard, 40. 
 Appomattox, region, 171, 193. 
 
 Fort, 194. 
 Apsley, London merchant, 103. 
 Argall, Governor Samuel, 13, 19, 33, 
 
 34 ; at Cadiz, 36, death of, 37. 
 
 Ann, daughter of, 37. 
 Arlington, Lord Henry, 193, 307, 382, 
 
 390. 
 
 in Accomac, 208, 209. 
 Armenian silk workers in Va., 240, 
 Armested, Capt. Anthony,^349. 
 Armitadringe, Henry, 321. 
 Armourier, John, clergyman, 407. 
 Arnold, 'Anthony, sentenced to die, 
 
 374. 
 Arundel Marbles, 135. 
 
 Ann, servant, 16. 
 
 John, a Justice, 90. 
 
 Richard, servant, 16. 
 
 Thomas, Earl of Surrey, 103, 134. 
 Assateague, Bay, 308. 
 
 Indians, expedition against, 265. 
 
424 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Assembly of Virginia, claims supreme 
 power, pro tern, 369. 
 A. D., 1629,71. 
 
 1639-30, 77. 
 
 1631-33, 88. 
 
 1635, 118. 
 
 1637-8, 138. 
 
 1639-40,145, 158. 
 
 1643, 157. 
 
 1644, 184. 
 
 1645, 189. 
 
 1645-6, 191. 
 
 1646, 193. 
 
 1647, 198. 
 
 1649, 305. 
 
 1650-51, 313. 
 
 1653, April, 234. 
 
 1653, November, 339. 
 
 1653, 232. 
 
 1654, 236. 
 
 1655, 341. 
 
 1656, 243. 
 1657-58, 360. 
 1658-59, 366. 
 1659-60, 368. 
 1660, October, 381. 
 1663, 393. 
 
 1663, 395. 
 
 1664, 313. 
 1665,313. 
 
 1666, 317. 
 
 1667, 331. 
 
 1668, 323 
 
 1669, 339. 
 
 1670, 339. 
 1676, 348, 360. 
 1676-77, 373. 
 1677, 385. 
 
 1679, 386. 
 
 1680, 390. 
 1683, 398. 
 1683, 397. 
 
 Aslimore, William, killed, 131. 
 
 Aaliton, Capt. Peter, burgess, 369. 
 
 (Aston) Walter, burgess, 90, 167, 
 171, 270. 
 
 Atliins, Bichard, 348. 
 
 Ayers, John, 221. 
 
 Aylmer, Justinian, clergyman at James- 
 town, 363. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babbling woman ducked, 406. 
 
 Bacon, Ann, daughter of the rebel, 369. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of the rebel, 243, 
 
 846, 351 ; her second marriage, 
 
 391 ; law-suit of, 392. 
 
 Francis, Lord Verulam, letter from 
 
 Capt. John Smi1;h, 83. 
 James, clergyman, 343. 
 Nathaniel, son of James, his bap- 
 tism 343 ; early life, 343 ; step- 
 father a Puritan minister in New 
 England, 343 ; mention of, 360 ; 
 367, 369, 383, 388, 348, 360, 373, 
 897, 400. 
 Nathaniel, son of Thomas, early 
 life, 346 ; attacks Indians, 350, 
 351 ; suppresses Gov. Berkeley's 
 declaration, 357 ; sails to James- 
 town, 357 ; asks for pardon, 358 ; 
 elected general, 360 ; proclaiihed 
 a rebel, 361 ; his appeal to the 
 people, 361-363; captures Sir 
 Henry Chiclieley, 365 ; his death, 
 368 ; mention of 369 ; his widow, 
 391. 
 Bagwell, Jamies, burgess, 193, 236. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 72. 
 Bailife, George, servant, 17. 
 Baily, Richard, 221, 
 Robert, 331. 
 Symon, 231. 
 Baker, Alexander, metallurgist, 105. 
 Daniel, 331. 
 
 Lawrence, burgess, 318. 
 William, servant, 18. • 
 Baldry, Robert, burgess, 369. 
 Baldwin, John, servant, 17. 
 Baley, Temperance, 43. 
 Ball, William, burgess, 193, 349 ; family 
 
 of, 359. 
 Ballard, Thomas, burgess, 317, 818, 360, 
 
 803, 870. 
 Baltimore, The Lords, see Calvert. 
 Bamford, John, servant, 23. 
 Banks, Sir John, Kt., 85. 
 Bankus, Christopher, servant, 18. 
 Banqueting House, 355 
 Baptists, legislation against, 398. 
 Baptista, John, insurgent, 377. 
 Barber, Gabriel, London merchant, 85. 
 
 Lt. Col., burgess, 397, 318. 
 Barebones, Praise God, 193. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 425 
 
 Bargrave, Doctor, Dean Canterbury, 408. 
 
 Isaac, 408. 
 Barker, Capt. Jolm, 128. 
 
 WilJiam, burgesa, 190. 
 Barnabye, James, 231. 
 Burnett, Theophilus, servant, 16. 
 Barrett, "William, burgess, 186, 193, 205, 
 
 235. 
 Basse, Capt. Nathaniel, burgess, 73, 
 
 councillor, 78, 88 ; deputed to 
 
 inviie New Englanders to Delaware 
 
 Bay, 91 ; founder ot Isle of Wight 
 
 plantation, 133. 
 Bateman, Robert, 13. 
 Bates, John, servant, 33. 
 Ba.t, Catherine, 338, 837. 
 
 John, 238, 327. 
 
 Henry, 337, 338. 
 
 Martha, 337. 
 
 Michael, 71. 
 
 Robert, of Oxford, 238, 337. 
 
 Thomas, 337, 338. 
 
 William, burgess, 8.S3, 337. 
 Baugh, John, burgess, 186. 
 Bayley, Arthur, burgess, 167. 
 Baynham, Alexander, burgess, 337 
 Beale, Thomas, councillor, 360. 
 Beard, Richard, Qunkur, 410. 
 Beaumont, Giles, 30. 
 Behn, Aphra, piny writer, 373. 
 Bell, Robert, London merchant, 13 
 Bellingham, Herbert, 86. 
 
 Richard, 86. 
 Bellson, John, 121. 
 Benge, William, 18. 
 Bennett, Edward, London merchant, 
 
 118, 234. 
 
 Philip, burgess, 166, 180, 190. 
 
 Richard, Governor, 73, 157, 166, 
 184, 186, 187, 193, 301, 318, 334, 
 325, 343, 249, 268, 316, 340, 358, 
 383 
 
 Richard, Jr., 304, 394. 
 
 Robert, 334, 335. 
 
 William, minister, 225. 
 Bentley, William, burgess, 94. 
 Beriston, Theophilus, servant, 16. 
 Berkeley, Sir Charles, Kt., 155. 
 
 Lady Frances, 379, 393 ; her tomb 
 stone, 400. 
 
 Lord George, 75. 
 
 John of Stratton, 155, 207, 251, 
 381,820,340,879. 
 
 Maurice, 155. 
 
 54 
 
 Berkeley, Richard, 19. 
 
 William, burgess, 318. 
 
 Governor, ancestry of, 154, 155 ; 
 arrival in Virginia, 154; first 
 councillors, 155-157; entertains 
 Captain De Vrits, 178 ; visits 
 England, 179, 188 ; captures Ope- 
 chankano, 193 ; opposes Nanse- 
 mond Puritans, 202 ; grief at the 
 execution of Charles the First, 
 305 ; speech against Navigation 
 Act, 213; surrenders to parlia- 
 ment, 221 ; elected Governor, 270, 
 373 ; speeches to burgesses and 
 council of Virginia, 353 ; letter to 
 Gov. Stuyvesant,273; recognized 
 as Governor, by Charles the 
 Second, 281 ; his apology to the 
 King, 353 ; his stage play en- 
 acted, 283 ; visit from Governor 
 Calvert, 303 ; letters of, 307, 308, 
 313. 316, 319; despondent, 321; 
 on silk culture, 334 ; his replies 
 to Commissioner of Plantations, 
 330-338; his covetouaness, 339; 
 described by Quaker preacher, 
 340 ; marriage of, 341 ; visit to 
 upper James River, 350 ; calls an 
 Assembly, 351 ; address to the 
 colonists, 351-357 ; referred to In 
 Clarendon's History, 354 ; his 
 course during Bacon's rebellion, 
 360, 361, 366, 368 ; resigns his 
 office,'.370 ; rudeness of, 379 ; his 
 house described, 379 ; wife of, 
 379 ; death of, 379. 
 Berkenhead, a servant, discloses a con- 
 spiracy, 396. 
 Bermudas, trade with, 28 ; toleration at, 
 
 197. 
 Bernard, Mary, bequest to, 330. 
 
 George, bequest to, 320. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 158, 184, 185, 186, 
 190. 
 
 William, councillor, 186, 193, 198, 
 241, 343, 261, 368, 853-4. 
 Bernardo, the Italian, 18. 
 Bernardoe, Philip, 81. 
 Berry, James, 331. 
 
 Robert, 331. 
 
 Sir John, brings troops, 369, 870 ; 
 censured by Berkeley of Stratton, 
 879. 
 Betts, Capt. Leonard, 127. 
 
426 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bevercott. Samuel, of Scrooby, 99. 
 Beverley, Major Robert, 364, 369, 390, 
 
 397, 398. 
 Hew, Robert, 41. 
 Billington, Luke, 331. 
 Bishop, John, burgess, 185, 333. 
 
 Heury, visits England, 193; Post- 
 master General, 193 ; notice of, 
 193. 
 Black, William, burgess, 363, 367. 
 Blackmail, Capt. Jeremy, 138. 
 Blackwood, Susan, servant, 39. 
 Blake, Col. John, burgess, 318. 
 
 Robert, 331. 
 Bland, Giles, 365, 374 ; abusive of Sec- 
 retary Ludwell, 374; executed, 
 
 374 ; family of, 374. 
 
 John of London, 370, 365, 374. 
 
 Richard, 370. 
 
 Theodoric, 368, 370, 373. 
 Blaney, Edward, councillor, 38 ; widow 
 
 of, 40, 
 Bohune, Doctor, slain, 39. 
 Boise (Boys), Ann, 364. 
 
 Cheney, burgess, 71,408. 
 
 John, Dean of Canterbury, 408. 
 
 John, burgess, 408. 
 Boiling, Robert, his tomb-stone, 416. 
 Bolton, Francis, clergyman, 69, 406. 
 Bond, John, burgess, 336, 263, 366, 369. 
 Bonde, Martin, 113. 
 Bones, fossil discovered, 131. 
 Booth, Henry, servant, 18. 
 
 Humphrey, 359, 314. 
 
 Robert, burgess, 333, 237. 
 Borne, Robert, burgess, 363. 
 Boston, privateer at, 179 ; ministers of, 
 
 denounce Capt. Stegg, 180. 
 
 Henry, Quaker, 301, 303. 
 Boswell, Sir William, 75. 
 Bosworth, Capt. John, 239. 
 Bouclier, Daniel, burgess, 882. 
 
 Jonathan, clergyman, 839. 
 
 William, 331. 
 Boundary, dispute, 247, 348, 249. 
 Boyle, Richard of London, 253. 
 Bracewell, Robert, clergyman, 333. 
 Brain, Edward, 319, 401. 
 Branch, John, burgess, 336. 
 Bray, Col. James, 360, 373. 
 Brennan, Thomas, burgess, 236. 
 Brent, Giles, 177, 336, 258, 288, 346. 
 
 Mai-garet, 183. 
 Brereton, Major Thomas, 843. 
 
 Brewce, James, 331. 
 Brewster, Jonathan, 97. 
 
 Nathaniel, minister, 413. 
 
 Richard, burgess, 73. 
 
 William, of Plymouth, 34, 86, 167. 
 Brick house, first at Jamestown, 363. 
 
 houses ordered, 394, 295, 300. 
 
 made in Virginia, 204, 294. 
 Bridger, Col. Joseph, 363, 283, 297, 303, 
 
 318, 349, 860. 
 Bridges, Thomas, servant, 33. 
 Briggs, Henry, mathematician, 104. 
 Brillyant, John, 231. 
 Broadhurst, Walter, burgess, 338. 
 Broadshaw, Richard, servant, 23. 
 Urocas, William, councillor, 117, 134, 
 
 156, 184, 193, 198, 304. 
 Brock, R. A. Sec, Va., Hist. Society, 57. 
 Bromley, George, 13. 
 
 Sir Henry, 365. 
 
 Sir Thomas, 32. 
 
 Francis, 264. 
 
 Virginia merchant, 364. 
 Brooke, Sir John, Kt., 85, 403. 
 
 Sir Robert, Kt., 846. 
 Brooks, Thomas, servant, 33. 
 Browne, Devereux, 397. 
 
 John, 321. 
 
 Henry, councillor, 118, 133, 156, 
 184, 86, 193, 19.8. 
 
 Susan Upshur, 888. 
 
 Thomas, 388. 
 
 William, burgess, 368. 
 Browne's Maryland, error in, 65. 
 Brownell, Capt. Isaac, 137. 
 Browning, John, burgess, 70, 74. 
 Briidricke, Richard, 338. 
 Bruton Parish, 380. 
 Buckam, Capt. Riehard, 127. 
 Bucke, Richard, clergyman, 69 ; child- 
 ren of, 137. 
 Buckingham, Duke of, 31, 62, 63 ; let- 
 ters to, 408. 
 Buckner, John, printer, fined, 397. 
 Burbage, Thomas, merchant, 136, 341. 
 Burgess, William, 410. 
 Burnham, Major John, 349. 
 
 Rowland, burgess, 184, 189, 306. 1 
 Burroughs, Charles, burgess, 336, 230. 
 
 Christopher, burgess, 186, 189. 
 Burwell, Abigail, 260. 
 
 Elizabeth, 331. 
 
 George, 821. 
 
 Lewis, 360, 331. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 427 
 
 BuBhell, William, 57. 
 Bushrod, Thomas, burgess, 267. 
 Butler, Joane, (lucked for slander, 394. 
 
 Nathaniel, letters of, 38-30. 
 
 William, bwrgess, 158, 301. 
 Biitterfield, John, servant, 18. 
 Butterie, Thomas, 331. 
 Button, Capt. William,'93, 94, 118. 
 Byrd, Grace, wife of John, 'IIQ. 
 
 John, London goldsmith, 135, 319. 
 
 William, 135, 319, 387, 398, 401. 
 
 C. 
 
 Csesar, Sir Julius, 11,30. 
 Calthorp (Caulthrop). Christopher, bur- 
 gess, 184, 186, 189, ,3.30, 333, 369. 
 Calvert, Ann, daughter of George, 63. 
 George, 1st Lord Baltimoie, 11 ; 
 early life of 61 ; Secretary of 
 State, 63 ; brilliant courtier, 63 ; 
 friend of Spanish ambassador, 
 63; loses favor with Bucking- 
 ham, 63; created Baron of Bal- 
 timore, 63 ; visits New Found- 
 land, 63; letter to Wentworth, 
 68 ; goes to Virginia, 64 ; refuses 
 the required oath, 65 ; his first 
 wife, 67- 
 Cecil, 3d Lord Baltimore, arrival of 
 his colony, 98 ; aided by Governor 
 Harvey, 100 ; requests aid of 
 Windebank, 138 ; desires settlers 
 from New England, 173 ; wishes 
 to be Governor of Virginia, 173 ; 
 reference to, 188; invites Edward 
 Gibbons of Boston to be Admiral, 
 198 ; complains of Gov. Berkeley, 
 313 ; adheres to Parliament, 337 ; 
 pledge to sustain Act on Beli- 
 gion, 350; an adroit politi- 
 cian, 399, 311 ; opposes the re- 
 striction of tobacco planting, 305. 
 Charles, 3d Lord Baltimore, his 
 wife, 388 ; calls Virginians ras- 
 cals, 393 ; censures Gov. Fen- 
 dall, 393. 
 Leonard, Gov. of M'd, 98; autho- 
 rized to collect taxes in Va,, 175 ; 
 visits England, 179 ; writes to 
 Gov. Berkeley, 183 ; flees to Va., 
 187. 
 Philip,'68,'8l7. 
 
 Calvin, John, sponsor at Geneva, 374. 
 Campbell, James, 13. 
 Campion, Capt. Clement, 138. 
 Candayack, Indian village, 75.] 
 Cant, David, burgess, 369. 
 Canterbury, Archbishop, of, 103. 
 Capps, William, planter, 14, 47, 55, 64. 
 Carleton, Henry, placed in the stocks, 
 
 406. 
 Carline, Henry of Maryland, 338. 
 Carolana, Heath's charter of, 75. 
 Carpenter, Anthony, 331. 
 Carter, Col. Edward, 261, 366, 368, 353. 
 
 Col. John, 168, 206, 336, 238, 261, 
 263, 367, 369, 304, 349. 
 
 Rosanna, servant, 17. 
 Carteret, Capt. James taken by Dutch, 
 
 343. 
 
 Sir George, 343. 
 Carver, Captain William, hung, 366, 
 
 376. 
 Cartwright, Abraham, 13. 
 Cary, Francis, shipwrecked, 308. 
 
 Miles, councillor, 369, 283. 
 
 Miles. Junior, Quaker, 383. 
 
 Thomas, Quaker, 383 
 
 William, 383. 
 Catchmaie, George, burgess, 369. 
 Catlett, John, 359, 303, 314. 
 Cattle from Ireland, 81. 
 
 in A.D,, 1649, 203. 
 Cawfield, Capt. William, burgees, 261, 
 
 366, 368. 
 Ceeley, Thomas, burgess, 73. 
 Census of A D., 1634-5, 114. 
 Chadwell, Daniel, 321. 
 Chamberlain, Hugh, son-in-law of rebel 
 
 Bacon, 369. 
 Chambers, Alice, servant, -32. 
 
 James, servant, 17. 
 
 Thomas, servant, 23. 
 Champion, Pascoe, 40. 
 Chandler, Job, 416. 
 
 John, burgess, 190, 198. 
 
 Samuel, London merchant, 416. 
 Charles the First, proclamation of, 10. 
 
 Second, his reply to Va. Assembly, 
 164 ; conciliatory, 283, 393 ; gives 
 away lands, 289 ; acknowledges 
 receipt of silk, 334 ; censures the 
 Assembly, 396 ; death of, 401. 
 Chapman, Nicholas, 31. 
 
 Thomas, Quaker, 353. 
 
428 
 
 INDJiX. 
 
 Chappell, Capt. John, 137. 
 
 Charlton, Stephen, burgess, 186, 199 
 
 308, 331, 330. 
 Charter of Avalon, as to Christianity, 
 306. 
 
 Barbadoes, as to Christianity, 306. 
 Carolana, as to Christianity, 30G. 
 Maryland restrictive, 307. 
 Nova Scotia, 806. 
 Cheskiake plantation, 73, 143, 171. 
 Cheesman, Captain, burgess, 168, 235. 
 
 Major, dies in prison, 367. 
 Chester, Dr. J. L. Ciiester, on Washing- 
 ton ancestry, 256. 
 Chesterfield, Countess of, 192. 
 Chew,* John, merchant, 69, 78, 136 ; 
 
 burgess, 168, 184, 335. 
 Chicheley, Agatlia, 386, 395. 
 
 Sir Henry, arrival of, 310 ; niairies 
 vpidow Wormeley, 310; mention 
 of, 340, 393, 305, 360; captured 
 by Bacon, 365 ; Deputy Governor, 
 386, 391, 394 ; infirm vi-ith age, 
 394 ; death of, 395. 
 Chichester, Lord Arthur, 11. 
 Children for Virginia, 47, 77 ; kidnapped, 
 
 378. 
 Chiles, Walter, burgess, 158, 167, 171, 
 
 189, 193, 205, 233, 266, 282, 297. 
 Cbipson, Robert, 239. 
 Chiskoyake, Indian chief, 371. 
 Christison, Quaker preacher, 131. 
 Church of England, rites ordered, 383. 
 Claiborne, Leonard, 43, 363. 
 Thomas, 43, 363. 
 
 William, Secretary, 34 ; notice of, 
 43, 363 ; councillor, 37, 78, 88, 
 184, 186 ; witness to a will, 48 ; 
 defeats Indians, 75 ; takes grain 
 to Boston, 80; trades witli Poto- 
 mac Indians, 91 ; with the Sus- 
 quehannas, 408 ; asks advice of 
 Va. council, 100 ; at P't Comfort, 
 106; his trading vessel captured, 
 130; letter to Sir Jolm Coke, 
 131 ; arrives from Keut Island, 
 135; treasurer of Va., 157, 187, 
 188 ; Parliament cominissioner, 
 317; Secretary of State, 225, 231, 
 383; Secretary under Gov. Digges, 
 348; under <3ov. Mathews, 361, 
 364; under Gov. Berkeley, 368, 
 270, 373 ; visits Dublin, 416 ; bur- 
 gess from New Kent, 368, 370, 
 
 Claiborne, continued 
 
 272 ; old age, 384 ; wife men- 
 tioned, 416. 
 William, Junior, 396, 348, 363; 
 
 children of, 364. 
 William, grandson of Secretary, 
 364 ; attends Quaker meeting, 
 364, 384. 
 Claiborne's Island, 131. 
 Clarendon's notice of Gov. Berkeley, 
 354. "' 
 
 Clarke, John, mate of May Flower, 30, 
 31. 
 
 Thomas, 331. 
 Clayton, John, clergyman, describes 
 Jamestown, 367 ; alludes to Clai- 
 borne, 384. 
 Claxton, John, servant, 17. 
 Cleate, Charles, dancing master, 376. 
 Clement, Elizabeth, 19. 
 Jeremy, 19. 
 John, 133. 
 Cloberrj', William, London merchant, 
 
 56. 
 Close, Phettiplace, burgess, 73. 
 Clough, John, clergyman, 364. 
 Coake, William, 221. 
 Cock, Richard, burgess, 236. 
 
 William, burgess, 193. 
 Cocker, Richard, burgess, 185. 
 Cockeran, William, burgess, 873. 
 Codd, Col, St. Leger, 348, 297. 
 Coke, Sir John, K't, 86, 103, 131. 
 Cole, Josiah, Quaker, 353. 
 
 Thomas of Maryland, 364. 
 William, councillor, 74, 349, 360, 
 
 364, 398. 
 William, Quaker preacher, 385. 
 Colebourue, William, 331. 
 Coleclough, George, burgess, 367. 
 Coles, Ann, servant, 301. 
 Collowe, Stephen, 40. 
 Comes, John, 18. 
 Comon, Nicholas, 17. 
 Common Prayer Book prohibited, 206. 
 Couaway, Aaron, servant, 31. 
 Qoncubinage with Indian woman, 386. 
 Convicts sent to Virginia, 338, 339. 
 Conway, Captain, fights the Dutch, 330 
 Maurice, describes old tomtbone, 
 Sir Edward, 11. 
 Cooke, Christopher, servant, __ 
 Cookson, William, 374, 377. 
 Cooper, Thomas, 31. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 429 
 
 Cooper, Walter, 21. 
 
 Copland, Patrick, clergyman, 31, 195, 
 interest in Va., 195, 196; at Ber- 
 mudas, 196 ; erects a free school, 
 197 ; becomes a nou-conformist, 197; 
 goes to Isle of Bleuthera, 197 ; let- 
 ter to Gov. Winthrop, 197. 
 Corbin, John, bequest to, 231. 
 
 Henry, notice of. 339^ 254 ; bur- 
 gess, 267, 369, 304. 
 Cordovant gloves, 331. 
 Corker, John, burgess, 186. 
 William, burgess, 361. 
 Cornley, John, 323. 
 Cornwallis, Caroline, 99. 
 Lord at Yorktown, 99. 
 Sir Charles, 99. 
 Sir John, 99. 
 Sir Thomas, 99. 
 Sir William, 99. 
 Thomas of Maryland, 99, 106, 131, 
 
 141, 177. 
 Thomas, clergyman, 99. 
 William, clergyman, 99. 
 Corotoman river, 360. 
 Coryat, the traveler, H3. 
 Cottington, James, 393, 
 
 Philip, 893. 
 Cotton, Ann, vfife of William, 417. 
 Joane, mother of Wm., 406, 414. 
 Verlinda, 417. 
 
 William, minister, 406, 410, 414. 
 Coulson, John, 331. 
 Couper, Walter, servant, 15. 
 Coursey, Henry, 304, 817. 
 Coventon, Nehemiah, 332. 
 Coventry, Thomas, Lord, 102. 
 Cowdrey, Ben., 331. 
 Oowen, Capt. William, burgess, 318. 
 Coxe, Dr. Daniel, claim to Norfolk Co., 
 
 411, 
 Cradack, Matthew, 136, 
 Cranfiekl, Lord Treasurer, on tobacco 
 
 revenue, 403. 
 Crecro, Thomas, 331. 
 Crew, Randall, burgess, 168, 185, 190, 
 
 194; 199. 
 Crewes, James, sentenced to die, 374, 
 
 397 
 Cripps, Zachary, justice, 94. 
 Crocker, Henry, 40. 
 Cromwell, Oliver on boundary dispute, 
 247, 248, 249 : views as to toleration, 
 250 ; letter to Cardinal Mazarin, 251. 
 
 Cromwell, Richard, 267. 
 Crosse, Thomas, 40. 
 Croshaw, Joseph, burgess, 367, 369. 
 Crouch, Hugh, 382. 
 
 Richard, 383. 
 Curtis, Captain, Parliament commis- 
 sioner, 318, 230, 321. 
 John, burgess, 369. 
 Custis, Daniel Parke, 209, 316. 
 Edward, 208. 
 John, 208, 231. 
 John, Junior, 309. 
 Joseph, 208. 
 Martha, 309. 
 Thomas,»308. 
 William, 208, 221, 417. 
 Culpepp.er, Lord John, his speech in 
 Parliament, 389; letter to, from 
 Henrietta Maria, widow of Charles 
 the First, 389; created Baron Thorse- 
 way, 389. 
 
 Lord Thomas, Second Baron of 
 Thoraeway, 381 ; grant of land 
 to, 382 ; arrival in Virginia, 389 ; 
 notice of, 389 ; visits Boston, 
 391 ; letter to his sister, 392 ; re- 
 turns to Virginia, 395 ; his in- 
 structions, 396 ; unpopular, 396, 
 Catherine, daughter of Thomas, 
 marries Thomas, 5th Lord Fair- 
 fax, 392. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dacker, William, burgess, 158. 
 Dalby, William, servant, 32. 
 Dale, Sir Thomas, 39, 30, 386. 
 Danby, Earl of, 85. 
 Dancy, John, servant, 17. 
 Dandridse, Martha, 309, 316. 
 Davenaut, Sir William, Kt. and poet, 
 
 appointed Gov. of Maryland, 311, 
 
 417,418. 
 Davenport, John, Puritan minister, 201, 
 
 255. 
 Davies, Capt. James, 80. 
 
 John, servant, 19. 
 Davis, Jane, servant, 14. 
 
 Sir John, Kt., 85. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 363. 
 
 William, burgess, 167, 198. 
 
430 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Davison, Christopher, Secretary of Va., 
 
 34, 35, 87. 
 
 Frances, 35. 
 
 Walter, 34. 
 
 William, Kt. and Ambassador, 87. 
 Dawson, George, servant, 33. 
 
 William, 31. 
 Daj, John, servant, 17. 
 Death, Richard, burgess, 168, 185. 
 Delaware, Henry, Fourth Lord, 56. 
 
 Thomas, Third Lord, 56, 85, 103, 
 
 118, 144. 
 
 River. Falls of, 100. 
 Denman, John, 331. 
 Dennis, John of Somerset? M'd., 388. 
 
 Robert, Parliament commissioner, 
 218. 
 
 lost at sea, 319. 
 Denson, William, burgess, 369. 
 Denwood, Levin, 331. 
 De Ruyter, Dutch Adniiral, 307. 
 Desmond, Earl of, 80. 
 Deverill, Geo., servant, 16. 
 De Vries, Dutch captain, 83, 93, 94, 127, 
 
 177, 178. 
 Dew, Thomas, burgess, 158, 336, 330, 
 
 333, 336, 243, 247, 361, 363, 368, 353. 
 Dichfield, Edward, 13. 
 Digby, Sir Kenelon, Kt., 85. 
 
 John, sentenced to death, 374, 377. 
 Digges, Sir Dudley, Kt., 85, 387, 383. 
 
 Edward, 337 ; attention to silk cul- 
 ture, 340; Gov. of Va., 342, 248, 
 
 349, 393, 305 ; death of, 303. 
 
 Elizabeth, 303. 
 
 Williiim, 303. 
 Dipnall, Tliomas, burgess, 836. 
 Dixon, Ambrose, Quaker, 331, 301. 
 
 Christopher, 331. 
 
 John, 332. 
 Doctors' fees excessive, 191. 
 Dodman, Colonel, 344. 
 Doe. Theodore, burgess, 73. 
 Doeg, Indians attacked by John Wash- 
 ington and others, 346, 347. 
 Doleman, Thomas, servant, 19. 
 Dolling, John, 331. 
 
 Donne, George, councillor and muster 
 master, 1.33,183, 146, 148, 149; his 
 
 essay on Virginia, 414. 
 John, D.D., father of George, 133. 
 Dorset, Earl of, 56, 85, 103. 
 Doughty, Francis, non-conformist minis- 
 ter, 359, 387 ; proposes marriage 407. 
 
 Douglas, Edward, burgess, 185, 194, 
 
 331. 
 Douglass, Captain, 127. 
 Downe, Nicholas, of the King's kitchen, 
 
 387. 
 Dowues, George, justice, 90. 
 
 Richard, 196. 
 Downeman, John, burgess, 74. 
 Downing, Lucy, sister of Gov. Wiu- 
 
 throp, 203. 
 Drayton's ode to George Sandys, 45. 
 Drisius, Samuel of Manhattan, 335 ; 
 
 preaches in Virginia, 430. 
 Drummond, complains of Boston Court, 
 
 396 ; Gov. of Albemarle, 307, 342 ; 
 
 tobacco commissioner, 317; at 
 
 Jamestown, 358 ; mention of, 371, 
 
 373 ; executed, 373, 377, 880. 
 Duffill, Thomas, 131. 
 Duke, Elizabeth, wife of rebel Bacon, 
 
 346, 391, 393. 
 
 Sir Edward, Kt., 346, 393. 
 
 Sir John, Kt., 346. 
 Dunche, Deborah, wife of Sir ffy 
 
 Moody, 374. 
 
 Edward, M.P., 374. 
 
 Walter, 374. 
 
 William. 374. 
 Dunn, Thomas, servant, 16. 
 Dunston, John, burgess, 205. 
 Dunton, Captain John, 87. 
 Durand, George, of Carolina, 306. 
 
 William, Secretary of M'd., 301, 
 306. 
 Dutch attack at P't Comfort, 320, 843. 
 
 New York, 343. 
 Dye, John, 331. 
 
 E. 
 
 Baton, Ann, Widow, 407. 
 
 Nathaniel, disgraced principal of 
 Harvard College, 143, 144, 406, 
 413, 414. 
 Edlowe, Matthew, burgess, 71, 266. 
 Edmonds, Sir Thomas," Knight. 103. 
 Edmunds, Robert, servant, 18. 
 Edmuodson, Quaker preacher, visits 
 
 Gov. Berkeley, 339. 
 Edwards, John, 17, 331. 
 
 Richard, 13. 
 
 Sir Thomas, 11. 
 
 William, burgess, 330, 333, 361. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 431 
 
 Elective franchise, 242 ; restriction of, 
 
 330. 
 Elfrith, T^apt. Daniel, 34. 
 Elliott, Anthony, burgess, 198, 262. 
 Ellis, John, S21. 
 Ellyson, (Ellison) Robert, burgess, 268, 
 
 382, 297, 303. 
 Eltonhead, Alice, 254. 
 Jane, 410. 
 Richard, 254. 
 William, 254, 431. 
 Elzey, John, Maryland commissioner, 
 
 300, 801. 
 Endicott, Dep. Gov. of Mass., 239. 
 English, William, burgess, 90, 116, 20G. 
 Epes (Epps) Francis, burgess, 90, 190, 
 
 225, 349. 
 Errors typographical, noted, 194, 257. 
 Essex, Earl of, 35, 36. 
 Evans, John, 18. 
 Thomas, 40. 
 Evelin, (Evelyn) Capt. Christopher, 369. 
 George, commander at Kent Island, 
 
 152 ; his christening, 378. 
 Mountjoy, son of George, 158, 378, 
 
 410. 
 Robert, Senior, 378. 
 Robert, Junior, 101, 105; at Falls 
 of Delaware River, 106 ; council- 
 lor, 132 ; Surveyor General, 133, 
 153 ; his book, 153, 180 ; in Mary- 
 land, 180, 181. 
 Evelinton Manor, 152. 
 Eyres, Nicholas, servant, 17. 
 Robert, burgess, 194. 
 
 F, 
 
 Fairc'dld, James, servant, 15. 
 Fairfax, Bryan, 8th Lord, 393. 
 
 Catherine, wife of 5tli Lord, 392. 
 
 Frances, wife of Col. William, 392. 
 
 Jolin, 11th Lord, 392. 
 
 Robert, 7th Lord, 392. 
 
 Thomas, 6th Lord, 393. 
 
 William, collector at Salem, Mass,, 
 392 ; councillor in Va., 392 ; resi- 
 dence of described, 392. 
 Falland, Robert, exjilorer, 328. 
 Fallows, Thomas, burgess, 158. 
 Fanshaw, Thomas, 12. 
 Fantleroy (Fauntleroy), Moore, bur- 
 gess, 185, 186, 198, 233, 267, 269, 288- 
 
 Farlow, Captain, executed, 869, 376. 
 
 Farnehough, John, 184. 
 
 Farrant, Philip, 221. 
 
 Farrell, Capt. Herbert, 349, 364, killed, 
 
 372. 
 Fawcett, Thomas, burgess, 73. 
 Fawdowne, Mr., burgess, 193. 
 Pausett, John, attorney, 315. 
 Fell, Planter, shipwrecked, 54. 
 Fellgate, Capt. Robert, burgess, 73. 
 Fendall, Gov. of Md., 257, 265, 398. 
 Ferrar (Farrar), John, 85, 
 
 John, Junior, 235, 240. 
 
 Nicholas, 14, 26, 41, 85, 240. 
 
 Virginia, B36, 240. 
 
 William, councillor, 38, 42, 116, 
 240, 268, 297, 317, 349. 
 Figby (Higby ?), Thomas, 231. 
 Filmer, Henry, burgess, 167. 
 Finch, Jane, 13. 
 
 Hen., councillor, 78. 
 
 Sir Thomas, 13. 
 Fisher, Philip, Jesuit, 187, SOO, 301. 
 Fitz Herbert, Jesuit, 256. 
 Fitz Hugh, William, 3«8. 
 Flax culture, 287, 330. 
 Fleet, Henry, Captain, 53, S8, 87, 88, 
 
 91, 92, 187, 189, 230, 331, 338. 
 Fletcher, George, burgess, 226,-231. 
 Flint, Thomas, burgess, 73, 90, 167, 
 
 199. 
 Fludd (Flood), John, burgess, 167, 189, 
 
 236. 
 
 Francis, 221. 
 
 Nathaniel, 41. 
 Ford, John, of Accomac, 406. 
 
 Richard, burgess, 268. 
 Fort Charles, James River Falls, 189. 
 
 Henry, Appomattox, 189, 194, 828. 
 
 James, Chickahominy, 187, 194. 
 
 Royal, Pamunkey, 187, 193. 
 Forts, desired, 313, 323. 
 Foster, Armstrong, 231. 
 Fowlke, Thomas, burgess, 366, 269. 
 Fowden, George, burgess, 232. 
 Fowke, Col. Gerard, burgess, 288, 295 
 
 297. 
 Fowler, Francis, 18, 233 
 Fox, George, Quaker preacher. 397, 299, 
 Francis, Thomas, burgess, 261. 
 
 Raleigh, burgess, 297. 
 Franklin, Ferd., burgess, 158. 
 Freeman, Bridges, councillor, 198, 225, 
 1 242. 
 
432 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Freeman, Ealph, 12. 
 Freetliorne, Richard, servant, 58. 
 Free trade, petition for, 137. 
 Friends, Society of, see Quakers. 
 Fruits, cultivated in A. D., 1649, 204. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gale, Qeorg'e, marries widow of Law- 
 rence Washington, 420. 
 Gambling, prevalence of, 94, 178. 
 Gardiner, Captain, 358. 
 Gardner, Nathaniel, 418. 
 Garnell (Garnett ?), Joh'i, 221. 
 Garrett (Jarret), William, 23, 340. 
 Gaskins, William, 221. 
 Gaston, Sir Francis, 11. 
 Gates, Sir Thomas, 171. 
 Gatford, Lionel, his treatise, 244, 277,278 
 George, John, burgess, 199,326,349. 
 Gerrard, Thomas, physician of Md., 
 255, intemperate, 256, will of 356. 
 Gibbons, Capt. Edward of Boston, 
 trades in Va , 130, 172, 180, 198 : 
 Admiralof Md.,173, 220; his ship 
 captrfred, 220. 
 Gibbs, Francis, 19. 
 
 Thomas, 12, 50, 85. 
 Giles, Jonathan, servant, 14. 
 Gill, Stephen, burgess, 230. 
 Glass works, 284. 
 
 Godwin (Godwyii), Francis, Bishop of 
 Hereford, 342. 
 Morgan, Senior, 342. 
 Morgan, Junior, clergyman in Va., 
 343, 343 ; writings ol 843, 344, 345 ; 
 suit against, 344. 
 Thomas, Bishop of Bath, 343. 
 Goldfine. Samuel, 323. 
 Goldsmith, Arthur, servant, 23. 
 Gondomar, Spanish Ambassador, 68. 
 Gooch, William, councillor, 337, 342 ; 
 
 tomb of, 343, 
 Good Friday, massacre, 179. 
 Goodman, Francis, 321. 
 Goodrich, Col. Thomas, 314: fified, 
 
 375. 
 Goodwyn (Godwin) Thomas, burgess, 
 
 366, 349. 
 Gootin, Daniel, Senior, 31, '81, 82, 83, 
 409. 
 
 Daniel, Junioi', 83, 134, 166, 183, 
 184,409. 
 
 Gookin, John of Nansemond, 134, 414. 
 
 John of Ripple Court, 81. 
 
 Sarah, 134. 
 
 Sir Vincent, Kt., 81, 409. 
 Gordon, Thomas, rebellious clergyman, 
 
 375. 
 Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 11. 
 Gossips, law concerning, 294. 
 Gotherson, Major Daniel, 155. 
 Gouge, William, burgess, 330. 
 Gougli, John, clergyman, 368. 
 
 Matthew, burgess, 167. 
 
 Nathaniel, burgess, 158. 
 Gower, William, 231. 
 Grandon (Grendon), Thomas,'152, 219. 
 
 widow, 219, 400. 
 Granger, Nicholas, 221. 
 Grant, Capt John, 138. 
 Grantham, Capt. Thomas, bearer of 
 
 dispatches, 370, 371 ; conference 
 
 with insurgents, 373. 
 Grave, John, Quaker, his song, 286.. 
 Graves, Robert, servant, 38. 
 
 Thomas of Mass., goes to Va., 144. 
 
 Justice, 90. 
 Gray, Francis, burgess, 397. 
 Graje, John, 321 
 Green, Roger, clergyman, 233, 334,290, 
 
 420. 
 Greene, John, shipmaster, 257. 
 Green Spring, Governor Berkeley's 
 
 house at, 304. 
 Gregory, Richard, servant, 16. 
 Griffith, Edward, burgess, 269, 388, 
 
 397. 
 Guinne, Hugh, burgess, 226, 230, 
 Gundry, John, 133. 
 Gusman (Guzman), Spanish Spy, 79, 
 
 408. 
 
 of Alfarache, a Spanish Romance, 
 
 79, 408. 
 Guy, Capt. Arthur, buys negroes, 59. 
 
 Robert, servant, 16. 
 
 H. 
 
 I-Iacke, Gcorgine, 231. 
 Hacker, John, 41. 
 Hackett, William, burgess, 233. 
 Haine, Jeremy, burgess, 263. 
 Hall, Susan, servant, 16. 
 Susanna, 48. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 433 
 
 Hall, Thomas, 16 ; at Delaware River, 
 ' 126 ; at Manhattan, 127. 
 
 Thomas, insurgent, 873, 377. 
 
 Thomasine, 71. 
 Hamby, Richaid, 231. 
 Hamlin, Stephen, burgess, 286, 297. 
 Hamor, Elizabeth, 19. 
 
 Ralph, 19, 88, 48, 69 
 Hammond, Colonel, 210. 
 
 Francis, 157. 
 
 Joane, 157. 
 
 John, burgess, expelled, 239. 
 
 Lawrence, 157. 
 
 Main waring, burgess, 157, 269. 
 
 Margaret, 157. 
 Hancock, Richard, 121. 
 Handford, Sir Humphrey, 13. 
 Hanie, John, burgess, 362. 
 Hanolaskie Indians, 328. 
 Hansford, Colonel, executed, 369, 376. 
 
 John, 869. 
 
 John, Janior, 869. 
 
 William, 869. 
 Hardy (Hardie), George, burgess, 158, 
 
 185, 186, 189, 305, 336. 
 Harlowe, John, burgess, 367. 
 Harmar (Harman), Charles of Accomac 
 
 90, 91, 92; burgess, 93, 120, 409. 
 
 Eliza, daughter of C'harles, 409, 
 
 John, Warden of Winchester, 409. 
 
 John, ij%U)\\\ professor, 409. 
 
 Thomas, 409. 
 Harmer, Ambrose, burgess, 137, 186, 
 
 187, 193. 
 Harris, Capt. Thomas, burgess, 267. 
 
 William, burgess, 229, 233, 361. 
 an insurgent, 377. 
 Harrison, Benjamin, t'lerk of Council, 
 
 146, 157, 202, 406. 
 
 Edward, wife died in Boston, 202. 
 
 Elizabeth, 802. 
 
 John, 203. 
 
 Thomas, clergyman, 195, 197, 300 
 marries in Massachusetts, 306 
 his views of toleration in Mary. 
 land's Act of Religion, 350 
 minister in London, 418 ; in pos 
 session of commission to the poet 
 Davenaut, 418. 
 Harryson, Alexander, 381. 
 
 Robert, 331. 
 Hartree, Elial, 23. 
 Harvard, John, 113, 143. 
 
 55 
 
 Harvey, Elizabeth, widow of Richard 
 
 Stephens, 153, 341, 
 
 Gov. John, 36, 88, 51, 77; arrival 
 7?; of, ^3; friend to Lord Balti- 
 mcfre, 100; dispute with Va. 
 Council, 115-118 ; mention of, 
 120, 133, 138, 183, 148, 152; mar- 
 riage of, 153, 341. 
 
 Mary, 113. 
 
 Sir Sebastian, 31, 112. 
 Harwood, George, 289. 
 
 Thomiis, burgess, 73, 123, 158, 186, 
 205, 225. 
 Hatch, Thomas, servant, 16. 
 Hatchey, William, burgess, 185, 205, 
 " 226, 237, 366. 
 Hatton, Robert, 416. 
 
 Thomas, 416. 
 Hawes, Michael, 13. 
 Hawkins, Capt. Thomas, 349 864. 
 Hawley, Gabriel, 183, 158, 173. 
 
 Henry, 131, 143. 
 
 James, 143. 
 
 Jerome, 131, 138, 141, 143, 174. 
 
 William, 131, 142, 306, 414. 
 Hawte, Jane, 18. 
 
 Sir William, 13. 
 Hay William, burgess, 367. 
 Hayman, John, burgess, 237. 
 Heath, Sir Robert, 11, 75, 45. 
 Heeruian, Augustine, 272; map of 
 
 193, 306. ' 
 
 Helder, Edmund, physician, tombstone 
 
 of, 91. 
 Hely, John, 43. 
 Hendrye, Andrew, 321. 
 Henn, Robert, 346. 
 Heyrick, John, burgess, 185, 186. 
 Hickes, Sir Baptist, 11. 
 Higby, Thomas, Accomac clergyman, 
 
 407, 410. 
 Higginaon, Humphrey, councillor, 157 
 
 184, 186,225, 342. 
 
 Robert, 260. 
 Hill, Edward, Speaker of Assembly, 53 
 
 158,185, 186, 190, 198, 305, 286! 
 
 343, 345, 368, 849, 358. 
 
 John, burgess, 158, 166, 298. 
 
 Nicholas, burgess, 383, 397, 
 318. 
 
 Richard, burgess, 221, 369. 
 
 Thomas, councillor, 263. 
 Hinman, John, 331. 
 
434 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hinton, Sir Thomas, Kt., councillor, 
 21,111, 113,136,205. 
 William, son of Thomas, 111. 
 
 Hobbs, Francis, burgess, 336. 
 
 Hobson, John, councillor, 133, 156. 
 
 Hobby Horse, name of vessel of Scar- 
 borough, 418. 
 
 Hock way, William, burgess, 233, 
 
 Hodden (Hodin), John, burgess, 167, 
 185. 
 
 Hodges, Capt. John, 136. 
 
 Hodgskins (Hoskins), Anthony, bur- 
 gess, 221, 226. 
 
 Hodgson, Eobert, Quaker, 385. 
 
 Hoe, Rice, burgess, 171, 186, 190, 193. 
 
 Hogben, Joseph, 155. 
 
 Hogg, Capt. Johu, 138. 
 
 Holden, Christopher, Quaker, 385. 
 
 Holland, John, burgess, 237. 
 
 Hollinsworth, William, from New Eng- 
 land, 801. 
 
 Holloway, John, surgeon, 406. 
 
 Holmes, George, visits Delaware Elver, 
 126, 127. 
 
 Holt, Randall, 40. 
 
 Hone, Theodore, burgess, 318, 358. 
 
 Honeywood, Sir Philip, 210. 
 Philip, 210. 
 
 Hook, Capt. Francis, 114, 125, 134, 
 138. 
 Sir Humphrey, Kt., 391. 
 
 Hopson, Thomas, servant, 23. 
 
 Horsey, Stephen, burgess, 321, 333, 300 ; 
 Quaker, 303. 
 
 Horsmanden, Warham, burgess, 261, 
 263, 366. 
 
 Hoskins, Bartholomew, burgess, 206, 
 236. 
 
 Howard, Lord Francis, Gov. of Va. , 
 397, 409. 
 
 Johu, servant, 20. 
 Philip, supposed play-actor, 315. 
 
 Howe, Theodore, burgess, 230. 
 
 Hubberstead, Edward, servant, 23. 
 
 Hudibras, satirical poem, 421. 
 
 Hudson, Leonard, carpenter, 196. 
 Raphael, 331. 
 Richard, 221. 
 
 Hudson's River of Chesapeake Bay, 
 
 Hull, George, servant, 14. 
 Jeffrey, 19. 
 Peter, 185. 
 William, 71. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas, 281. 
 Hurd, Edward, 57. 
 Hurricane, very severe, 331. 
 Hutchinson, Randolph, 331. 
 
 Robert, burgess, 167, 184, 186, 198. 
 
 William, 90. 
 
 I. 
 
 Idiot, first in Virginia, 186. 
 
 Immigration agents in London, 108. 
 
 Indian Queen of Panmnkey, 386. 
 
 traders forbidden to sell fire arms, 
 349. 
 
 Indians, die in London, 39 ; attack pin- 
 nace of Pountis, 53 ; kill Spelman, 
 53; murder a clergyman, 74; at- 
 tack settlers,, 93 ; kill Capt. John 
 Stone, 97; miasaacre on Good Friday, 
 179 ; dispersed, 191 ; plan to civi- 
 lize, 342 ; expedition against, 245 ; 
 injustice to, 246 ; incursions of, 313 ; 
 legislation as to, 313, 314, 348; cen- 
 sus of, 325 ; conference with tribes, 
 377. 
 
 Ingle, Captain Richard, charges against, 
 176, 177 ; befriended by Thomas 
 Cornwallis, 177 ; attacks Saint 
 Mary, 187. 
 
 Ingram, Joseph, sentenced to death, 375. 
 William, 369. 
 
 Ireland, cattle brought from, 81, 82. 
 
 Italian glass workers, 284. 
 
 Iverson, Abraham, burgess, 333. 
 
 Jackman, Solomon, servant, 33. 
 Jackson, John, 58. 
 
 Walter, servant, 33. 
 Jacob, Capt. John, his vessel seized in 
 
 Potomac River, 418, 419. 
 Jail-birds, fear of, 338. 
 James, Edward, 13. 
 
 the King, 62, 63. 
 
 John, 221. 
 
 Thomas, Puritan minister, 167. 
 Jamestown, 68, 303, 366, 367; brick 
 
 church, wheu built, 144, 303, 368 ; 
 
 fort at, 367. 
 Jansen, Peter, 183. 
 Jarvis, Capt., marries the widow Bacon, 
 
 391. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 435 
 
 Jarvis, Christopher, 321. 
 Jefferson, Thomas, his report. 33. 
 Jeffreys, Jolin, 305. 
 
 Herbert, Governor, 870 ; first pro- 
 clamation of, 379 ; calls an As- 
 sembly, 385 ; confers with In- 
 dians, 385 ; death of, 386 ; his 
 wife, 380 
 
 William, Captain, 398. 
 Jennings, Edmund, 255. 
 
 Peter, burgess, 269, 397, 318. 
 Jermayne, Philip, 12 
 Johnson, Capt. (Jornelius, 82, 83. 
 
 George of M'd, schismatic, 301, 302. 
 
 James, 231. 
 
 John, 70, 221. 
 
 John, Jr., 323. 
 
 Joseph, burgess, 158, 171. 
 
 Robert, London grocer, 12, 91. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 190, 194, 331, 
 336, 333, 236. 
 Jones, Anthony, servant, 16. 
 
 Arthur, burgess, 168. 
 
 Farmer, 231. 
 
 Henry, servant, 21. 
 
 Nathan, servant, 23. 
 
 Major, 348. 
 
 Peter, 33 
 
 Robert, insurgent, 374. 
 
 Samuel, clergyman, 420 
 
 Thomas, Capt. of May Flower, 31, 
 83, 33. 
 Jordan (Jordon), Cecilia, 41. 
 
 Margaret, 43. 
 
 Robert, 382. 
 
 Samuel, 41, 283. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 73, 90. 
 
 George, burgess, 184, 193, 198, 366, 
 383, 349. 
 Jor den, William, 331. 
 Justices for A.D. 1631-33, 90. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kellam, Riohard, 333. 
 
 Kemp, Richard, Secretary, 114, 118, 119, 
 
 130, 141, 143, 144, 145, 150, 155 ; 
 
 acting Governor, 179, 184, 186, 193, 
 
 198 ; monument to, 380. 
 
 Matthew, burgess, 364, 386. 
 Kendall, Governor of Bermudas, 34. 
 
 William, burgess, 263, 398, 318, 
 387, 888, 407, 419. 
 
 Kent Island, 81, 100. 
 
 Key, Isaac, clergyman, 407. 
 
 Thomas, life of, 70. 
 Kiifin, David, 221. 
 Killigrew, Sir Robert, 11, 85 
 Kingsley, William, 33. 
 Kingsmill, Richard, 49, 73, 79, 404, 
 
 405. 
 Kingston, Thomas, burgess, 78. 
 Kingswell, Edward, 97. 
 Kinsman, Richard, his pear orchard, 
 
 304. 
 Kirke, Christopher, 331. 
 Knight, Mordecai, 19. 
 
 Robert, Boston merchant, 418. 
 
 Peter, 303. 
 Knowles, John, minister from New 
 
 England, 166. 
 
 li'Amy, Hugh, 76. 
 
 Lacton, Henry, 18. 
 
 Lakes, toward the AVestern Sea, 104, 
 
 105. 
 Lambard, dipt. Richard, 137. 
 Lambert, Thomas, burgess, 306, 263, 
 
 330. 
 Land laws of Virginia, 56. 
 Langston, Anthony, visits London, 287; 
 
 urges the erection of iron-works, 
 431. 
 
 John, 375. 
 Lansdale, a preacher, 270. 
 Lapworth, Michael, 26. 
 Larimore, Captain, captured by Bacon, 
 
 366. 
 Latham, John, 62 
 Lathrop, John, 33. 
 Lawerensou, Peter, 183. 
 Lawrie, Capt. Christopher, 88, 133. 
 Lawrence, Richard, 303 ; associate of 
 
 Bacon, 358 ; notice of, 366, 368 ; 
 
 burns his own house, 368 ; declared 
 
 a rebel, 371, 373 ; escapes 375. 
 Laivson, Alice, 18. 
 
 Christopher, 18. 
 Lawyers troublesome, 191, 264 
 Layden, Katherine, 23. 
 Lea, Thomas, 33. 
 Leare, John, Colonel, 318,349. 
 Leate, Nicholas, 13. 
 Lederer. John, explorer, 326, 327. 
 
436 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Leddra, William, Quaker, 385. 
 Lee, Ann, wife of Richard, 355. 
 Benedict, 353. 
 Christopher, 331. 
 Elizabeth, 353. 
 
 Hancock, commissioner of North- 
 ampton, 431 ; removes to North- 
 umberland, 431 ; marries grand- 
 daughter of Puritan Brewster, 
 255,°431. 
 John, 255. 
 
 Mary, hung as a witch, 339. 
 Richard, Senior, burgess, 198 ; no- 
 tice of, 253 ; faithful to Parlia- 
 ment ; 393 ; tobacco commission- 
 ers, 304. 
 Richard, Junior, 260, 364, 398. 
 Sir Henry, Kt., 354. 
 Sir Robert, Kt., 353. 
 Leighton, Dr. Alexander, 381. 
 Leister, Thomas, 40. _ 
 
 Lewd -women sent to Virgmia, d<iy. 
 Lewes, Roger, 23. 
 Lewis, John, 321. 
 Ley, Chief Justice, 33. 
 Licques, Peter de, 7G. 
 Lidcott, Robert, 114. 
 
 Sir John. 114. , T^ * i 
 
 Lightfoot, Uapt., surrenders to Dutch, 
 
 320. 
 Littleton, Ann, widow of Nathaniel, 387, 
 
 407, 416. 
 
 Edward, 387. 
 
 Nathaniel, councillor, 156,325, 387 ; 
 plantation in Accomac, 308 ; ac- 
 knowledges Parliament, 331 ; 
 mention of 407, 413, 418. 
 
 Southey, 387. . , ^ ,„^ 
 Liquors, sale of restricted, 185 ; price 
 
 of, 185, 196. 
 Lisbro, Edward, 255. 
 Liturgy, enjoined, 284. 
 Llewellin (Luellin) Daniel, burgess, 167, 
 
 185, 193, 330. 
 Lloyd Cornelius, burgess, 168, 185, 189, 
 199, 236, 333. 
 
 Edward, 186, 194, 304. 
 
 Philemon, 304, 394. 
 Lobs, George, old planter, 341. 
 Lobbolly, food, 58. 
 Locker, Capt. John, 307. 
 Logsward, John, 57. 
 London Mint, assay master goes to Va., 
 
 239. 
 
 Long-e, Ellas, servant, 18. 
 
 Jane, servant, 18. 
 Long Island granted to Plowden, 181. 
 Lopliam, James, 134. 
 Lovelug, Thomas, burgess, 184, 193 
 
 261, 387. 
 Lovelace, Col. Francis, 331, 352, 431. 
 Lucar (Lucas), Thomas, burgess, 363, 
 
 297, 318. 
 Luddington, William, burgess, 194, 
 
 223. 
 Ludlow, AuuB, daughter of Roger, 413. 
 Gabriel, brother of Roger, 413. 
 George, brother of Roger, 413 ; 
 councillor, 136, 137, 157, 184, 186, 
 193, 198, 309, 335, 341, 243 ; his 
 will, 413. 
 Mary, daughter of Roger, 413. 
 Jouathan, son of Roger, 413. 
 Joseph, son of Roger, 413. 
 Roger, brother ot George, 96, 289, 
 
 413. 
 Roger, son of Roger, 413. 
 Sarah, supposed sister of George, 
 
 413. 
 Sarah, daughter of Roger, 413. 
 Thomas, nephew of George, 413. 
 Ludvvell, Philip, Senior, 349 ; council- 
 lor, 360, 363 ; captures insurgents 
 366 ; notice of, 392 ; marries Lady 
 Frances Berkeley, 393. 
 Philip, Junior, 381, 392. 
 Thomas, Secretary, 382, 396, 317 ; 
 flatters Gov. Berkeley, 317; at- 
 tacked by Bland, 365 ; visits Eng- 
 land, 365, 380, 385 ; monument 
 to, 380. 
 Lunsford, Catherine, 381, 417. 
 Elizabeth, 381. 
 Herbert, 381. 
 Henry, 381. 
 Katerina, 381. 
 Thomas, Senior, 380 ; in the Fleet 
 
 prison, 381 ; death of, 381. 
 Thomas, Kt., pass for Va., 210; 
 waylays I'clham, 380 ; impris 
 oned, 381 ; knighted, 381, L't of 
 Tower of London, 381 ; his family, 
 381, 417 ; monument to, 380. 
 Lusan, William, 31. 
 Lyddall, Major George, 348. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 437 
 
 M. 
 
 Mabbe, James, translator of Qusmau of 
 
 Alfarache, 408. 
 Machaell, John, 332. 
 Macock, Sarab, 18. 
 Madison, Capt. Isaac, councillor, 31, 38. 
 
 Mary, 33. 
 Madox, Alexander, 331, 333. 
 Magge, MarK, Master of the boat Hobby 
 
 Horse, 419. 
 Major, Christopher, 331. 
 
 Edward, 190, 194, 336, 333. 
 Mallory, Catherine, 338. 
 
 Philip, clergyman, 338, 344, 370, 
 383. 
 
 Thomas, Dean of Chester, 338, 337, 
 430. 
 
 London non-conformist, 430. 
 
 William, K't, 430. 
 Maltravers, alias Nanzemuud River, 
 
 135. 
 
 Lord Henry, 135 ; grant of Norfolk 
 County, 411. 
 Manchester, Henry, Earl of, 103. 
 Manhattan, commissioner from, 334. 
 Manoakin in Maryland, 303. 
 Mansell, Capt. Dan., burgess, 336. 
 
 Robert, servant, 43. 
 Mansfield, David, servant, 17. 
 Marryott, Robert, 331. 
 Marsh, Margarut, 301. 
 
 Thomas, 301. 
 Marshall, Uapt. Rogur, 195 ; son chris- 
 tened, 419. 
 
 Edward, 331. 
 Martian, Nicholas, burgess, 93. 
 Martin, B.andon, 403. 
 
 Captain, 116 
 
 Edward of Accomac, 315. 
 
 John, councillor, 30, 36, 50 ; Lon- 
 don Company concerning, 403. 
 Martyne, John, Mayor of Plymouth, 128. 
 Maryland, charter restricted, 307. 
 
 colonists arrive, 98 
 
 first settlors chiefly Protestants, 99. 
 
 dissents as to reslriction of tobacco 
 
 culture, 308. 
 Mary's Mount, Massachusetts, 113. 
 
 Virginia, 113, 409. 
 Mason, George, censured, 388, sheriff, 
 
 344, 346, 349, 387. 
 
 Mason, James, burgess, 237. 
 
 Leonard, burgess, 361. 
 
 Lyonell, burgess, 336. 
 
 Lemuel, burgess, 366, 369, 397, 849. 
 
 William, bricklayer, 376. 
 Massachusetts, ad ulation of Charles the 
 
 Second, 387. 
 Matheman, John, servant, 14. 
 Mather, Cotton, 184. 
 Matthews, Edward, 321, 333. 
 
 John, 348. 
 
 Philip, 231. 
 
 Robert, 21. 
 
 Samuel, councillor, 30, 21, 38, 78, 88, 
 90, 235, 242 ; expedition against 
 Indians, 80 ; builds a fort, 94 ; 
 described by Gov. Harvey, 101 ; 
 his plantation, 113, 205 ; dis- 
 pute with the Governor, 116, 
 138, 131; colony agent, 327; 
 chosen Governor, 248, 360, 266 ; 
 concerning Assateague Indians, 
 365 ; death of, 368. 
 
 Samuel, Junior, bequest to, 330 ; 
 burgess, 226; 230, 333, 337, 343. 
 Matrum, John, burgess, 190. 
 May, Sir Humphrey, 11. 
 May Flower, the ship, 30. 
 Meade, Thomas, 338. 
 Mearea, Thomas, burgess, 186, 194, 
 
 199. 
 Mede, Joseph, the clergyman, refers to 
 
 Capt. Henry Fleet, 53; his notice 
 
 of Lord Baltimore, 67 ; refers to In- 
 dians, 74. 
 Mees, Col. Henry, burgess, 318. 
 Mellinge, William, burgess, 333, 233, 
 
 363. 
 Menefie, George, councillor, 68, 73 ; his 
 
 house, 113; dispute with Gov. 
 
 Harvey, 116, 117, 119, 131, 134; 
 
 obtains a minister for Cheskiak, 
 
 143 ; councillor under Berkeley, 
 
 156, 184, 187 ; brings negroes from 
 
 England, 187. 
 Merryday, Philip, 321. 
 Alerryfin, John, 221. 
 Mildmay, Sir Henry, 11. 
 Miles, Alice, 383. 
 
 George, 382. 
 Miller, Thomas, 231. 
 Mills, in A. D. 1649, 204. 
 Milner, George, 375. 
 
 Thomas, 849. 
 
438 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ministers, supported by colonists, 77; 
 
 criticism of, 244. 
 Minsball, Jeflfrey, 233. 
 Mitcliell, William, burgess, 363 ; no- 
 tice of, 263, 264. 
 Mitford, Bulmer, 303. 
 Mole, George, 13. 
 Molton, Thomas, servant, 18. 
 Monakin, Indian village, 326. 
 Monk, General, in London, 379. 
 Montague, Peter, servant, 31. 
 burgess, 330, 333, 362. 
 Sir Charles, 11. 
 Moody, Lady Deborah, 127 ; sketch of, 
 276. 
 
 Sir Henry, Kt., 137; pass for, 421 ; 
 visits Virginia, 268 ; his father's 
 place in England, sold to Sir 
 Lawrence Washington, 375 ; no- 
 tice of, 275, 276. 
 Moone, Capt. John, burgess, 336. 
 Moore, Edward, 321. 
 
 John, burgess, 226. 
 Merer, Richard, 13. 
 
 Morgan, Francis, burgess, 198,331, 336, 
 233. 
 
 Capt. Richard, 127. 
 Morison (Moryson), Charles, 312, 349. 
 Cecilia, 284. 
 
 Francis, 138 ; shipwrecked, 207 
 in charge of Fort P't Comfort, 
 210 ; speaker of Assembly, 248 ; 
 acting Governor, 284 ; mention 
 of, 389, 390, 307 ; letters to Lord 
 Clarendon, 308 ; censures God- 
 wyn, the clergyman, 344 ; his 
 report on Bacon's rebellion, 
 370, 379. 
 Sir Richard, 416. 
 Robert, 416. 
 Morley, William, burgess, 368. 
 Morris, John, servant, 40. 
 
 Mary, servant, 40. 
 Mosely, Priscilla, Quakeress, 390. 
 Mottram, John, burgess, 336. 
 Moulton, William, 331. 
 Moyses, Theodore, burgess, 73. 
 Mund, William, 231. 
 Munday, Robert, 40. 
 Mynne, Ann, wife of George, Lord Balti- 
 more, 67. 
 
 Nansemond non-conformists, 303, 206. 
 
 Nasawattocks Creek, 171. 
 
 Navigation Act, Berkeley's speech 
 against, 212-216; effect of, 231; 
 effort to appeal, 281 ; enforced, 292. 
 
 Neale, Ann, 286. 
 Anthony, 286. 
 Dorothy, 386. 
 James, 286, 387. 
 John of Accomac, 414. 
 Henrietta Maria, 386, 304. 
 Walter, 87, 1S3 ; applies for office 
 in Va., 132. 
 
 Neale's (Nele's), bark, 143, 386. 
 
 Negroe slaves, 15, 33, 84, 35, 58, 59, 
 187, 401. 
 
 Neile, Archbishop of Yorke, 122. 
 
 Nesan, Jack, explorer, 328. 
 
 Newce, Thomas, 81. 
 
 Sir William, Marshall of Va. , 81. 
 
 Newce's Town, Ireland, 81. 
 
 Newell, Richard, 221. 
 
 New England ministers visit Va., 165, 
 173. 
 sharply criticized by Donne, 149. 
 
 Newport, Lady, 365. 
 Sir Richard, 365. 
 
 Nickolson, Francis, 319. 
 Robert, will of, 219. 
 
 Non-conformists, law relating to, 199. 
 
 Norfolk County, why named, 135, 411. 
 Upper parishes of, 169. 
 
 Northampton County parishes, 169 ; 
 submits to parliament, 231 ; upper 
 parish formed, 231. 
 
 Norton, Capt. William, 384. 
 
 Norwood, Col. Henry, wrecked on 
 Maryland coast, 307; at Littleton's 
 plantation, 308 ; visits Argall Yeard- 
 ley 308 ; relation of Gov. Berkeley, 
 209; visits Wormeley, 210; re- 
 turns to England and visits 
 Charles the Second, 210; impris- 
 oned, 417 ; fit Tangiers, 210 ; at the 
 surrender of Manhattan, 417 ; 
 treasurer of Virginia, 387. 
 Major Charles, clerk of Assembly, 
 244. 
 
 Nottingham, Richard, 231. 
 
 Nuthall, John, 331, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 439 
 
 o. 
 
 Oath of allegiance and supremacy, 
 
 usage as to, 64, 65, 78. 
 Okley, Robert, servant, 33. 
 Onondaga Indians reply to Ya. com- 
 
 missioners, 388. 
 O'Neal, Daniel, Post Master General, 
 
 192. 
 
 Hugh, of Patuxent, Md., 259. 
 O'Neil, Grace, 410. 
 Opechaukano, Indian Chief, 187, 189, 
 
 193. 
 Orchard, Capt. Richard, 127. 
 Osborne, Thomas, burgess, 71, 90. 
 Ottowell, Thomas, servant, 41. 
 Overbury, Sir Thomas, 114. 
 Owin, Benjamin, servant, 15. 
 
 Pacific Ocean, route sought to, 104. 
 Page, Capt. John, 332, 349, 397. 
 
 clergyman, 364. 
 
 Henry, carpenter, executed, 373, 
 377.. 
 
 Robert, 111. 
 Pagett (Paggit), Anthony servant, 23 ; 
 
 burgess, 73. 
 
 Lord William, 11. 
 Paine, Florentine, burgess, 267. 
 Pale built from James to York River, 
 
 74. 
 Pallavacino, Edward, 13. 
 Palmer, Edward, projector of Univer- 
 sity and School of Art, for Va., 27, 
 
 114. 
 
 Thomas, 72, 90. 
 
 Thomas, clergyman in Accomac, 
 407. 
 
 William, 13. 
 Palmer's Island, 27, 81, 114. 213. 
 Pamunkey, Queen of, 386 ; her son, 
 
 386. 
 Panton, Anthony, Rector of Chespiak, 
 
 143, 143, 144, 150. 
 Pargiter, Theodore, of London, 357. 
 Parke, Daniel, councillor, 209, 316, 318, 
 
 385. 
 Junior, 209 ; unprincipled, 316 ; 
 aid to Marlborough, 316 ; killed 
 by a mob, 316. 
 
 Parke, Fanny, wife of John Custis, 316. 
 
 Lucy, wife of Col. William Byrd, 
 316. 
 Parnell, William, servant, 16. 
 Parramore, John, 221. 
 
 Mr., 25. 
 Pate, John, 368. 
 
 Richard, burgess, 233, 368. 
 Pawlett, Thomas, burgess, 90, 156. 
 Peach orchard, first in Va., 112. 
 Peake, Robert, servant, 16. 
 Peasley, William, brother-iu-law of 2d 
 
 Lord Baltimore, 62. 
 Peck, Ann, 243. 
 
 Robert, clergyman, 243. 
 Pedro, John, a negroe servant, 15. 
 Peirce (Piers, Pearce, Pierce), Capt. 
 
 William, 19, 85 ; his house, 59, 68 ; 
 
 councillor, 88, 128, 131, 157, 184, 
 
 186. 
 
 Jane, daughter of Willia;m, relict 
 of Capt. John Rolfe, 19, 59. 
 Peirsey (Piersey, Persey), Abraham, 
 
 22; councillor, 38, 43, 48; marries 
 
 widow of Natlianiel West, 49 ; will 
 
 of, 49, 403, 404. 
 
 Elizabeth, 405. 
 
 Prances, 405. 
 
 Mary, 405. 
 Pelham, Herbert, brother-in-law of 
 
 Gov. West, 86. 
 Junior, 86. 
 Pembroke, Earl of, 114, 134. 
 Penn, Robert, servant, 33. 
 
 William, philanthropist, 352. 
 Penoyer, William, 317. 
 Pepys Samuel, notices Gov. Berkeley's 
 
 stage play, 283. 
 Pequod Indians, 96, 97. 
 Percevall, Samuel, 37. 
 Percy, George, Dep. Governor, alludes 
 
 to false statments, 84. 
 Perecute, Indian Chief, 328. 
 Perkyns, William, London merchant, 
 
 13. 
 Perry, Capt. Henry, burgess, 230, 236, 
 
 243,361,363,268. 
 
 Lt. William, 72, 270. 
 Pettus, (Pettys), Thomas, councillor, 
 
 157,186, 193, 198, 235, 343, 263, 
 
 268, 853 
 Pidgeon, Elizabeth, 157. 
 
 William, 157. 
 Pigot, James, 407. 
 
440 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pilkington, Margaret, servant, 18. 
 
 William, servant, 18. 
 Pilkinton, James, Bishop of Durham, 
 
 375. 
 Pindabake, an Indian, 371. 
 Pirates, Irisli proposal to transport, 
 
 36. 
 Pitt, Robert, burgess, 205, 226, 232, 336, 
 
 263, 369. 
 Play-actors in Accomac, 315. 
 Pleasants, John, Quaker, 396, 400. 
 Plowden, Sir Edmund, Kt., notice of, 
 
 180, 183; in Bleet Prison, 181; 
 
 deserted by servants, 183 ; visits 
 
 Boston, 206; death and will, 307; 
 
 his chambers in London, 364 ; bill 
 
 for preparation of New Albion, a 
 
 book, 415. 
 Pocahontas, in London, 39 ; marriage 
 
 of her companion, 39. 
 Poconoke River, conflict in, 130. 
 Point Comfort, fort at, 137, 312 ; Lon- 
 don ships at, 178 ; Dutch attack, 
 
 320. 
 Pollington, John, burgess, 46, 
 Pomfroy, Richard, insurgent, 3T4. 
 Poole, 6aniel, Frenchman, Yl.^ 
 
 Henry, burgess, 198. v 
 Pooley, Qreville, preacher, 41, 49, 74, 
 
 404, 405. 
 Popham, Francis, 21. 
 
 John, 21. 
 Popleton William, burgess, 172. 
 Population, increase of, 89, 93, 114, 130, 
 
 303. 
 Poquoson River, 113. 
 Porv, John, Secretary of Colony, 16, 17, 
 
 "35, 33, 67. 
 Porter, John, friendly to Quakers, 298, 
 
 306. 
 
 Peter, 40. 
 Pott, Doctor John, councillor, 38, 78; 
 
 physician to Colony, 39 ; Governor, 
 
 69, 71 ; bequest to, 71 ; described 
 
 by Sandys, 79 ; trial and pardon 
 
 of, 79, 80. 
 
 John, Junior, 231, 410. 
 
 Elizabeth, 39, 70, 80. . 
 
 Francis, 114, 116, 123, 138, 410. 
 Porter, Capt. Roger, 348. 
 Pountis, John, his pinnace attacked by 
 
 Indians, 53. 
 Powell, Captain, 33, 131. 
 
 James, 849. 
 
 Powell, John, burgess, 363, 369, 397, 
 
 318. 
 
 Samuel, 13, 33. 
 
 Thomas, 19. 
 
 William, burgess, 40, 41. 
 Powhatan, Indian Chief, 29, 53. 
 Poythers, Francis, burgess, 185, 186, 
 
 189, 198, 306. 
 Preen, Capt. John, 46. 
 Preeninge, William, 331. 
 Prescott, Capt. Edward, complaint 
 
 against, 257. 
 Presley, William, burgess, 199, 397, 
 
 318, 
 Preston, Roger, servant, 42. 
 Price, Arthur, burgess, 186, 189. 
 
 Jenkyn of Pangoteague, assists 
 
 shipwrecked persons, 308; gratuity 
 
 to, 208. 
 
 Thomas, a Quaker, 302. 
 
 Walter, burgess, 72. 
 Prince, Edward, burgess, 186, 190. 
 
 Governor at Delaware River, 181. 
 Pritchard, Thomas,'40. 
 Privy council uphold Gov. Harvey, 
 
 126. 
 Protestant Religion enjoined, 293. 
 Puddiugton, George, 410. 
 
 Jane, 410. 
 Purify, (Purifrie, Purfury), Thomas, 
 
 councillor, 88,90, 117,133. 
 Puritans, 34, 30 ; criticism of, 148, 
 
 149 ; removed from Va., 301. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quakers, punished, 385, 389 ; laws 
 against, 393, 397 ; censured by Scar- 
 borough, 301. 
 
 Queen of Pamunkey Indians, 386. 
 
 B. 
 
 Rabnet, Maryland colonist, 136. 
 Ramsey, Capt. Edward, burgess, 397, 
 
 318, 348, 360. 
 
 Capt. Thomas, burgess, 362. 
 Randolph, Henry, clerk of Assembly, 
 
 death of, 344. 
 
 William, death of, 344. 
 Ransome, Peter, burgess, 230. 
 Rappahannock Indians, 187. 
 Ratliffe, Elkinton, 19. 
 
INDE^. 
 
 441 
 
 Ratliffe, Charles, 321. 
 Ravis, Bishop of Loadon, 137. 
 Rawlins, Cecilia, 284. 
 
 Giles, 384. 
 Reade, George, 143 ; bargess, 205, 261, 
 
 363, 353. 
 
 Robert, 142. 
 
 Thomas, 364. 
 Redding, John, 348. 
 Redhead, Christopher, servant, 18. 
 Religious liberty, views of Roger Wil- 
 
 ■ liams and others, 350. 
 Revell, Randall, burgess, 231, 363, 264, 
 
 406. 
 Reynolds, Charles, burgess, 330. 
 Rich, Sir Nathaniel, 13, 
 
 Robert, 31. 
 Richett, Mick, 231. 
 Richahecrian Indians, alarm settlers, 
 
 345 ; village, 337. 
 Rickahock, see Port Royal. 
 Rioroft, Capt. James, 137. 
 Rideoute, Antoine, 75. 
 Ridley, Peter, burgess, 189, 198. 
 Roanoke River, explored, 337. 
 Roberts, John, 321. 
 Robins, Dorothy, 410. 
 
 Edward, 410. 
 
 Elizabeth, 410. 
 
 Grace, 409. 
 
 John, lost at sea, 158. 
 Junior, 193, 306. 
 son of Obedience, 407. 
 
 Obedience, 91, 158, 185, 321, 326. 
 burgess, 230 ; councillor, 226, 
 363, 388 ; protests against seiz 
 ure of New England vessel, 413 
 family of, 409. 
 
 Rachel, 410. 
 
 Richard, 409. 
 
 Sampson, 231. 
 
 Samuel, 221. 
 Robinson, John, Puritan pastor at Ley- 
 den, 30. 
 
 searcher at Gl'avesend, 105 
 of Northampton Co., 331. 
 
 Matthew, 40. 
 
 William, Quaker, 385. 
 Roe, Sir Thomas, Kt., 85. 
 Rogers, George, 41. 
 
 John, burgess, 186. 
 Rolfe, Capt. John, his widow, "lO, 59, 
 
 194 ; his daughter Elizabeth, 194 ; 
 
 his son Thomas, 194 ; his grand- 
 daughter, 194. 
 
 56 
 
 Rolfe, Lt. Thomas, notice of, 416. 
 Rookings, William, sentenced to 
 
 death, 374. 
 Roper, Clement, servant, 33. 
 Rossiugham, Edmund, nephew of Gov. 
 
 Yeardley, 50, 51. 
 Rotterdam, ship at Jamestown, 177. 
 Rowinge, Henry, servant, 33. 
 Rowlston, a burgess, 74. 
 Rozier, John, preaches in Accomac, 406, 
 
 413. 
 Russell, Dellionell, London mercha nt 
 
 404, 405. 
 
 John, 41. 
 
 physician, 341. 
 Rutter, John, 231. 
 
 s. 
 
 Sabbath, a Sunday Legislation, 89. 
 Sadler, Rowland, burgess, 167. 
 Salisbury, Earl of, letter to, 83. 
 Salter, Elizabeth, 18. 
 Saltonstall, Merriall, 86. 
 ,.. Richard, 86. 
 
 Sir Richard, Kt., 84. 
 
 Sir Samuel, Kt., 84. 
 
 Wye, 84. 
 Sance, Baron de, 75. 
 Sanders, Alexander, servant, 16. 
 
 Henry, servant, 20. 
 Sands (Sandys), David, minister, 81. 
 Sandys, Archbishop, 159. 
 
 George, colonial treasurer, 17, 18, 
 45, 61,jBa;''-writings of, 44, 45, 158 ; 
 agent for Va., 159 ; ancestor of, 
 159. 
 
 Margaret, 13, 14. 
 
 Samuel, 13, 14. 
 Saracen's Head Inn, London, 85. 
 Sassacus, Indian chief, 97. 
 Savage, Thomas, 331. 
 
 John, burgess, 318. 
 Savin, Robert, burgess, 73. 
 Sawell, Thomas, servant, 33. 
 Sawier, William, servant, 41. 
 Sawyer, Major Francis, 349 
 Sayle, Gov. William, visits Va. Puri- 
 tans, 197, 303. 
 Seneca Indians near Westover, 401. 
 Scarborough (Scarburg), Charles, 331, 
 
 419. 
 
 Edmund, merchant, burgess, 168, 
 
 186, 190, 199, 231, 336, 369, 318 ; 
 
 1 buys slaves at Manhattan, 340 ; 
 
442 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Scarborough, Edmund, continued : 
 
 Surveyor General, 287, vlsita An- 
 amesaex, 300, report of 301 ; ex- 
 pedition against Assateagues, 
 265 ; sends vessel to Delaware 
 River, 418 ; his men seize a New 
 England vessel, 418 ; death of, 
 419 ; executors of, 419. 
 
 Matilda, 418. 
 
 Tabitha, 418. 
 
 Mary, widow of Edmund, 419. 
 
 Charles, son of Edmund, 419. 
 School, bequest for a, 71, 113, 113. 
 
 building begun at Charles City, 
 196. 
 Scott, Dorothea, memoir of, 155. 
 
 Nicholas, 321. 
 
 a physician and surgeon, 105. 
 Scull, G. D., memoir of Dorothea 
 
 Scott, 155. 
 Seaverne, John, surgeon, 417. 
 Seawell, Henry, 134. 
 Seeley (Ceeley), Thomas,. justice, 90. 
 Selve, Tobine, 231. 
 Sergeant, Richard, servant, 23. 
 Servants, agencies for white, 108. 
 
 of Edward Blaney, 41. 
 
 Ralph Hamor, 19. 
 
 Isaac Madison, 33. 
 
 John Martin, 30. 
 
 Samuel Mathews, 21. 
 
 John Pott, 39. 
 
 Roger Smith, 18. 
 
 William Tucker, 40. 
 
 Francis "West, 15. 
 
 Francis Wyatt, 14. 
 
 Gov. Yeardley, 16, 17. 
 
 Indenture, 57. 
 
 SufEerings, 58. 
 
 Insurrection, 395. 
 
 elevation of, 379, 390. 
 Severence, Capt. John, 128. 
 Sewall, Henry of Maryland, 804, 383. 
 Seward, John, burgess, 189. 
 Sharpe, Peter, Quaker physician, 131. 
 
 Samuel, burgess, 46, 55, 71. 
 Sharpless, Edward, ears cut. off, 35, 36. 
 Shaw, Annis, servant, 22. 
 Sheaperd, Robert, servant, 17, 41 ; bur- 
 gess, 193, 198. 
 Shelley, John, servant, 41. 
 Shepherd, John, burgess, 184, 236, 233, 
 
 336. 
 Sherwood, William, 364; tomb of, 637. 
 
 Ship-building encouraged, 388. 
 
 Sibsie (Sibsey, Sypsey), John, wrecked 
 
 in Barnstable Bay, 54 ; councillor, 
 
 133. ' 
 
 Sidney (Sydney), John, hurgess, 185, 
 
 199,361,266,269. 
 Silk presented to Charles the Second, 
 
 322-325. 
 Slaves, negro, 33, 34, 35, 58, 59. 
 Smith, Arthur, burgess, 186. 
 
 Capt. John, quarrels with Francis 
 West, 52, 83 ; notice of, 84, 85. 
 
 John, burgess, 262. 
 
 John of Nibley, 18. 
 
 Nicholas, burgess, 269. 
 
 Osmond, servant, 
 
 Robert, 304; letter from Berkeley, 
 313. 
 
 Roger, councillor, 18, 38, 43, 68. 
 
 Toby, burgess, 167, 306. 
 
 Sir Thomas of London, 9, 11 ; Va. 
 Indians die at his house, 39. 
 Smith's Island, why so named, 334. 
 Smithson, Judith, 405. 
 Smothergall, Samuel, 233. 
 Smyth, John, burgess, 73. 
 
 Richard, 32. 
 
 William, 221. 
 Snow, Justinian, 255. 
 Somerset, Lady Mary, 303. 
 Soue (Soane), Henry, burgess, 226, 230, 
 
 232, 236, 261, 268 381 ; death of, 288. 
 
 Samuel, 221. 
 Southampton, Earl of, 9, 20. 
 Southcoat, Capt. Thomas, burgess, 317. 
 Southerne, John, 71. 
 Southren, Edward, 331. 
 Southey, Ann, 387. 
 
 Elizabeth, 387. 
 
 Lewis, 387. 
 Sparks, John, servant, 17. 
 Sparrow, Charles, burgess, 190, 205, 
 
 230, 268. 
 Spelman, Henry, killed by Indians, 52. 
 
 Sir Henry, K't, 24. 
 Spencer, Nicholas, burgess, 318, 349 ; 
 
 secretary, 393, 894, 398. 
 Spicer, George, servant, 31. 
 Sprigge, Thomas, 221. 
 Stafford, Sir John, 274. 
 Standish, Capt. Miles, 95. 
 Stanley, William, 221. 
 State House needed at Jamestown, 138, 
 
 231. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 443 
 
 SlebbinB, Luke, widow of, marries 
 
 Ralph Wormeley, 415. 
 Stegg, Capt. Thomas, 135, 186 ; fined, 
 
 151 ; spealier of Assembly, 167 ; 
 
 seizes a ship at Boston, 179 ; Parlia- 
 ment commissioner, 218 ; lost at 
 
 sea, 319 ; will of, 219. 
 
 Thomas, Junior, 219; councillor, 
 317. 
 Stephens (Stevens), Frances, widow of 
 
 Samuel, 341. 
 
 George, burgess, 186, 189, 236, 230. 
 
 Richard, 66, 69 ; councillor, 78, 88 ; 
 fights a duel, 88 ; his widow mar- 
 ries Gov. Harvey, 152, 415. 
 
 Samuel, 341, 415. 
 Stevens, Maior Philip, 207, 417. 
 
 William of Accomac,221, 417. 
 
 Somerset, 207, 417. 
 Stillwell, L't Nicholas, 188. 
 Stoakes, Robert, an insurgent, 374. 
 Stone, Capt. John, rough mariner fined, 
 
 91, 95 ; killed, 96; mention of, 410. 
 
 Matthew, 221. 
 
 Maximilian, servant, 16. 
 
 Verlinda, wife of Gov. William, 
 416. 
 
 William of Northampton Co., first 
 Protestant Governor of Maryland, 
 301, 416 ; letter from Lord Balti- 
 more, 212 ; brotlierin-law of 
 Francis Doughty and John 
 Rozier, clergymen, 406, 416. 
 Story, ThoniKS, Quaker preacher, 364. 
 Stoughton, Samuel, burgess, 194, 198, 
 
 236. 
 Strachey, William, servant, 16. 
 Strange, William, servant, 16. 
 Stringer, John, burgess, 321, 367, 369, 
 
 300, 407. 
 
 Stephen, 231. 
 Stuteville, Sir Martin, K't, 74. 
 Stuyvesant, Governor, 232, 272. 
 Symes (Simes, Symmes), Benjamin, 
 
 founds a school, 71, 112, 113. 
 Symonds, Dorothy, wife ofHarrison, the 
 
 non-conformist minister, '.i;02. 
 
 Samuel, 303. 
 Swan, Thomas, bnrgess, 189, 305, 361, 
 
 349, 353. 
 Swedes of Delaware River, 138, 139. 
 
 Tabernor, Thomas, burgess, 363. 
 Talbot, Sir William, Sec. of Md., 327. 
 Taverner, Capt. Henry, 138. 
 
 Robert, 43. 
 Taylor (Tayler), James, 410. 
 
 Philip, burgess, 121, 168, 410, 416. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 194. 
 
 William, burgess, 168, 198, 231 ; 
 
 councillor, 325, 242. 
 Silas, engineer, notice of, 383. 
 Tegger, Richard, 223. 
 Thomas, Edward, Quaker, 364. 
 Natliauiel, servant, 23. 
 William, burgess, 330. 
 Thompson, Ann, servant, 16. 
 George, servant, 40. 
 L't., burgess, 74. 
 Maurice, 317. 
 Paul, 74. 
 
 Ricliard, associate of Claiborne, 108. 
 Roger, 16, 71. 
 William, 40. 
 Thornbury; Thomas, burgess, 233, 334. 
 Thoroughgood, Adam, burgess, 74, 90, 
 133, 134, 318. 
 Sir John, K't, 134. 
 Thomas, as to Maryland charter, 
 307. 
 Thorue, George, 19., 
 
 Otto, 38.). 
 Thurston, Capt. Richard, 419. 
 Mary, Quakeress, 399. 
 Quaker preacher, 253. 
 Tilnev, John, 331. 
 
 Tobacco trade, 37, 47, 55, 56, 91, 131, 
 145 ; excessive planting, 287, 291, 
 304, 316, 317. 
 Riots, 394, 397. 
 revenue, 403. 
 Toleration in Religion, 197, 250, 311. 
 Tompson, Nicholas servant, 17. 
 Thomas, 57. 
 
 William, minister from New Eng- 
 land, 167, 184. 
 William, Roman Catholic, 167. 
 Tottopottomoy, Indian Chief, killed, 
 245 ; family neglected, 346 ; men- 
 tion of in Hudibras, 420. 
 Town organization desired, 30. 
 Towns, building of, a failure, 310.- 
 
444 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Townsend, Richard, servant, 39 ; bur- 
 gess, 73 ; councillor, 132, 157, 184, 
 186. 
 
 Traverse, Raleigh, burgess, 318. 
 
 Col. William, 349 ; speaker of As- 
 sembly, 385. 
 
 Travis, Edward, burgess, 184. 
 
 Tree, Richard, burgess, 73. 
 
 Trelawney, Robert, 133. 
 
 Troops arrive from London, 373. 
 
 Truman, Thomas, 321. 
 
 Major Thomas, of M'd., harsh to- 
 virard Indians, 347. 
 
 Trussell, John, burgess, 206, 336, 239. 
 
 Tuchin, tSimon, suspected, 36. 
 
 Tucker, Daniel, 34. 
 Elizabeth, 40. 
 Mary, 40. 
 
 William, councillor, 38, 40, 78, 88, 
 90. 
 
 Turner, John, insurgent, 374. 
 Martin, servant, 17. 
 
 U. 
 
 Undervi'ood, William, burgees, 330. 
 Upton, John, burgess, 23, 90, 189 
 
 199. 
 
 William, 133. 
 tJrwick, Rev. Doctor, alludes to Doctor 
 
 Harrison, formerly of Ta , 203. 
 Ute. John, burgess, 73, 78, 88, 92, 117, 
 
 119. 
 
 Vane, Sir Henry, Kt., 102. 
 Vassalls, Samuel, 76, 97. 
 Vaughan, Richard, 221. 
 Vernald, Mary, bequest to, 230. 
 Verney, Lady, letter to, 109. 
 
 Sir Edward, 108. 
 
 Thomas, 108, 111. 
 Vicaredge, Robert, merchant, 300. 
 Vincencio, the Italian, 18. 
 Virginia Company, 33, 85, 159,164. 
 
 commissioners, 11, 13, 13, 85, 217. 
 
 population, 36. 
 
 university projected, 37. 
 
 church government, 167. 
 
 submissive to Parliament, 321. 
 
 land ceded, by the King, 289. 
 
 urged to imitate New England, 
 292. 
 
 Virginia continued. 
 
 presents silk to King, 338. 
 
 remonstrance, 383, 395, 421. 
 Von Twiller, Governor at Manhattan, 
 
 95. 
 
 W. 
 
 Waddelove, TSTicholas, 321. 
 Waleford. John, 221. 
 Walker, Capt. Edward, 127. 
 
 John, burgess, 185, 190, 194, 305, 
 
 243 ; councillor, 261, a68, 353. 
 Peter, burgess, 221, 236. 
 Thomas, burgess, 397. 
 Walklett, Gregory, an insurgent, 375. 
 Wallings, George, burgess, 397. 
 Waltham, John, 406. 
 Ward, Captain, 408. 
 Mary, 241. 
 William, 221. 
 Warne, John, bequest to, 70. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 189. 
 Warner, Augustine, burgess, 223, 367 ; 
 councillor, 353. 
 Augustine, Junior, at Merchant 
 
 Tailors' School, London, 419. 
 Mildred, wife of Lawrence Wash- 
 ington, 430 ; her second hus- 
 band, 430 ; buried in England, 
 430. 
 Ralph, councillor, 68. 
 Warnet, Thomas, merchant, 69 ; will 
 
 of, 70. 
 Warren, Ratcliff, 130. 
 
 Thomas, burgess, 184, 366, 297, 318. 
 William, 116. 
 Warwick, Earl of, 31, 176, 179, 197, 
 200. 
 
 creek, 178. 
 
 the ship at Potomac Falls, 92 ; 
 wrecked, 92, 104. 
 Washington, Augustine, father of the 
 President, 420. 
 Eleanor, 357. 
 
 George, President, ancestor of, 
 300 ; taught by a convict servant, 
 329. 
 John, the immigrant complains of 
 the hanging of a supposed witch, 
 358 ; warden, 259 ; burgess, 318 ; 
 harsh toward Indians, 347. 
 son of Mildred, 430. 
 
 of Barbadoes, 257. 
 
IND£:X. 
 
 445 
 
 Waahiiiffton, Henry, 357. 
 Lawrence, brother of John, 259. 
 son of John, 420. 
 brother of George, 257. 
 Mildred, 420. 
 
 daughter, of 420. 
 Richard, 357. 
 of BarbadoeB, 257. 
 Waters, Edward, 410. 
 Rrace, 410. 
 Nathaiiiel, 388. 
 Susanna, 388. 
 William, 407, 410. 
 Waterhouse, Mr. , 25. 
 Watkjns, Bice, 41. 
 Watson, Abraham, burgess, 233, 236. 
 
 James, servant, 23. 
 Weale, John, burgess, 155. 
 Webb, Giles, burgess, 261, 366, 369. 
 Stephen, servant, 18 ; burgess, 167, 
 
 184. 
 Wingfield, burgess, 336. 
 Webster, Richard, burgess, 361, 413. 
 Wells, Richard, burgess, 190, 198. 
 Wentworth, Earl of StrafEord, 67, 
 
 68. 
 Werden, Sir John on Va. insurgents, 
 
 871. 
 West, ancestor, 15. 
 
 Francis, brother of Lord Delaware, 
 15, 37, 43, 51, 53, 55, 59, 78, 
 88. 
 Frances, widow of Nathaniel, 15, 
 
 49, 405. 
 John, Governor and councillor, 15, 
 72, 78, 88, 118, 139, 130, 155, 186, 
 198, 235, 342, 267, 271, 349, 
 364. 
 John, Junior, 271. 
 Nathaniel, brother of Lord Dela- 
 ware, 15, 49 ; his widow marries 
 Abraham Peirsey, 49. 
 Nathaniel, Junior, 405. 
 Richard, Attorney on Va. suffrage, 
 
 330. 
 Toby, 371. 
 
 William, au insurgent, 374. 
 Weston, Gapt. Hugh, 137. 
 
 Sir Richard, 11. 
 Westrop, John, burgess, 185, 341. 
 Wethrall, Robert, burgess, 189, 226, 
 
 330. 
 Weyre, John, burgess, 267, 269, 397, 
 314, 818. 
 
 Whaly, Major Thomas, insurgent, 372, 
 
 875. 
 Wheatley (Wheatliflf), David, 231, 
 
 288. 
 Wheeler, Clasen, a fiddler, 376. 
 Whitaker, Alexander, minister, 406. 
 Jabez, councillor, 88, 406. 
 William, burgess, 205, 306, 333, 
 
 236,366. 
 William, D.D., 406. 
 Whitby, William, burgess, 336, 330 
 
 333, 237. 
 While, Andrew, Jesuit missionary, 187, 
 301, 415 ; Va. minister, without 
 ■ orders, 136, 
 Francis, D.D., 13. 
 Jeremy, 41. 
 Major William, 849. 
 Whitehand, George, servant, 16. 
 Whitehead, John, 331. 
 Whilmore, Robert, 41. 
 Whlttington, William, 231, 417. 
 Wiggins, Capt. Edward, 848. 
 Wighcomoco River, 131. 
 Willrahan, Sir Roger, Kt., 61. 
 Wilford, Thomas, executed, 369, 376. 
 Wilkins, John, his widow, 407. 
 Willcox, John, burgess, 363. 
 Williams, Pierce, servant, 33. 
 Robert, surgeon, 219. 
 Roger, surgeon, 31. 
 New England minister complains 
 
 of Councillor Ludlow, 136. 
 Thomas, 43. 
 Walter, 331. 
 Williamson, Dr. Robert, 397, 818 
 Willis, AuE, servant, 16. 
 
 Francis, burgess, 336, 230, 267, 269, 
 349. 
 
 Wilmore, George, 13. 
 Willoughby, Elizabeth, 157. 
 Francis, 157. 
 Henry, 157. 
 Thomas, 46; councillor, 184, 157 
 
 186,188, 193. 
 Junior, pupil in Merchant Tailors' 
 
 School, London, 157. 
 William, Colonel, 157. 
 Wilson, George, Quaker, letter of, 385. 
 James, sentenced to death, 373. 
 John, early minister, 146. 
 Windham, Edward, burgess, 158, 168. 
 Wingate, Roger, Colonial Treasurer. 
 146, 156. 
 
446 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Winslow, Edward, 33, 53 . 
 
 Winthrop, Gov. John, of Mass., 97, 103, 
 
 136. 
 Wise, John, 321. 
 Witch, woman hung as a, 357. 
 Witchcraft, 289, 357. 
 WoUaston, Capt., 113. 
 Wolstenholm-?, Sir John, Kt., 13, 85. 
 
 John, Junior, 85. 
 Wood, Abraham, burgess, 185, 190, 193, 
 
 194, 331, 336,345,361, 263, 368, 379, 
 
 327. 
 
 Tliomas, dies among Indians, 328. 
 Woodhall, John, 37. 
 Woodhouse, Henry, burgess, 102, 103, 
 
 199, 230, 347, 381. 
 Woodiiffe. Captain, burgess, 330. 
 Woodward, Christopher, burgess, 73. 
 
 John, 339. 
 
 Thomas, assay master at London 
 mint, 339 ; in Carolina, 307, 317. 
 Worleigh, George, burgess, 158. 
 
 Margaret, taken by Indians, 188. 
 Worlich, William, burgess, 306, 336, 
 
 269, 379. 
 Wormeley, Agatha, 210, 386. 
 
 Christopher, Senior, 132, 156, 415 ; 
 marries widow Stebbins, 415. 
 
 Junior, 349 ; marries the widow 
 Aylmer, 363. 
 Worsley, lienjamiu, 217. 
 Wos, William, burgess, 185. 
 Wraxall, Capt. Peter, 419. 
 Wright, William, under sheriff, 340. 
 Wrote, Samuel of London, 13, 45, 50, 
 
 79, 85. 
 
 Sir Thomas, 11. 
 Wyatt, Anthony, burgess, 14, 156, 190, 
 
 2S2 
 
 Edward, 371. 
 
 Eleanor, ,14. 
 
 Francis, Governor of Va., 13, 14, 
 30, 38, 37, 44, 60, 85, 145, 151, 155. 
 
 son of Governor, 156. 
 
 George, father of Governor, 13, 37. 
 
 George, son of Governor, 13, 155, 
 156. 
 
 Wyatt, Hawte, brother of Governor, 18 
 69. 
 Henry, son of Governor, 156. 
 Margaret, wife of Governor, 13, 14, 
 
 155, 159. 
 Nicholas, 349. 
 Ralph, 14, 94, 156. 
 Richard, 156 
 Thomas, 13. 
 William, 156, 271. 
 Wynd, Sir Humphrey, Kt., 61. 
 Wynne, Capt. Robert, burgess, 361, 368, 
 387, 298, 297, 317. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yates, Captain, voyage of, 19. 
 
 Edward, servant, 16. 
 Yeardley (Yardley), Argall, 48, 157; 
 
 councillor, 186, 18b, 321, 335, 343. 
 
 Elizabeth, 48. 
 
 Governor of Va., 16,37, 28, 38, 44, 
 47 ; will of, 48 ; house in James- 
 town, 68. 
 
 Ralph, brother of Governor, 48, 50. 
 
 Temperance, wife of Governor, 16, 
 48. 
 Yeo, Leonard, burgess, 186, 190, 297, 
 
 318. 
 
 Hugh, burgess, 398, 318. 
 Young, Gregory of London, grocer, 105, 
 
 S78 
 
 Capt. Thomas, 106, 107, 108, 153, 
 378. 
 
 Susanna, 105, 378. 
 
 Thomas, son of Captain Thomas, 
 153 ; executed as an insurgent, 
 152, 373, 377, 378. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zouch, Sir John, Kt., 85; visits Va., 
 118; letter to, 118-130. 
 
CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Owing to the distance of the author, from the press, while the pages 
 were printed, the following corrections are necessary. 
 
 Page 14 Muster of Sir Thomas should read Sir Francis. 
 47 Sanisbiiry, " " Sainsbury. 
 
 68 Manefie, " " Menefle. 
 
 69 was the grounds, " " were. 
 77 Bolton, " " Button. 
 
 79 Foot note erroneous, reference to the hero in a Spanish 
 
 romance, see page 408. 
 86 BUUngham,, should read Bellingham. 
 
 88 Warmclc, " " Maverick. 
 
 91 Ha/rman, " " Harmar. 
 
 99 -Sir Philip of Erwarton, 
 113 Kingston, " 
 
 130 Ratcliff Wa/)-ner, 
 
 " Charles Ha/rney, " 
 
 136 Babent, ' 
 139 vicmno, " 
 
 168 Edward Scarborough, 
 198 Thomas Petters, 
 303 Wwrmck, 
 
 " 1834, 
 305 October, 1644, 
 309 Edwafl-d Scarborough, 
 330 WiUiam Gonge, 
 333 John Buslwpp, 
 333 William Mellin, 
 
 " holding officer 
 388 John. 
 
 338 Last eight lines of text, 
 343 165-, 
 345 vindicative, 
 349 Col William Bull, 
 
 Sir Philip Parker. 
 
 Kiquotan, 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Harmar. 
 
 Rabnet. 
 
 vicesimo. 
 
 placito, 
 
 Edmund. 
 
 Pettus. 
 
 Urwick. 
 
 1634. 
 
 1649. 
 
 Edmund. 
 
 Gouge. 
 
 Bishop. 
 
 Mellinge. 
 
 office. 
 
 as the first 8 lines. 
 1650. 
 
 vindictive. 
 Ball.