mmmm%-'^-:r::''r: 
 
 OGUE 
 
 OF 
 
 FRANKS COLLECTION OF 
 
 ORIENTAL PORCELAIN 
 
 AND POTTERY 
 
OlarneU Unitiecaitg Sitbtatg 
 
 CHARLES WILLIAM WASON 
 COLLECTION 
 
 CHINA AND THE CHINESE 
 
 THE GIFT OF 
 
 CHARLES WILLIAM WASON 
 
 CLASS OF 1876 
 
 1918 
 
Cornell University Library 
 NK 4163.S72 
 
 3 1924 023 326 055 
 
B Cornell University 
 
 Igj Library 
 
 The original of tliis book is in 
 tlie Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023326055 
 
ORIENTAL PORCELAIN AND POTTERY. 
 
 A. W. ERANKS, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. 
 
 A 167. 1000.— 3/78. Wt. 16383. 
 
SCIENCE AND ART DEPARTMENT 
 OF THE COMMITTEE OF (COUNCIL ON EDUCATION, 
 
 SOUTH KENSINGTON. 
 
 BETHNAL GREEN BRANCH MUSEUM. 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 OF A 
 
 COLLECTION OP ORIENTAL POECELAIN 
 AND POTTEEY 
 
 LENT FOR EXHIBITION 
 BT 
 
 A. W. FRANKS, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. 
 
 SECOND EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED BY GEOBGE E. EYEE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, 
 
 FRINTEES<rO THE QTOEN'S MOST ESOELLENT MAJESTY. 
 
 FOE. HEE MAJESTY'S STATIONEEY OFFICE. 
 AT^rr, «!nTD AT THE SOUTH KENSINGTON AND BETHNAL 
 AND SOLD Aa ^J^^J'^^.^j^ MUSEUMS. 
 
 1878= 
 Price Is. 9d. 
 

 \f^ 34-U 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PjtEFACE TO Second Edition 
 
 I^EFAOE TO First Edition - 
 
 Introduction - - . . - 
 
 Catalogue : 
 
 Class I. — Chinese Porcelain not painted 
 Section A. — 1'lain white 
 
 „ B. — Single coloured glazes 
 „ C. — Glazes op several colours 
 Class II. — Chinese crackle porcelain - 
 Class III. — Chinese porcelain with white slip 
 
 decoration 
 
 Class IV. — Chinese painted porcelain 
 
 Section A. — Fainted in blue 
 
 „ B. — Painted in blue with other 
 
 colours under the glaze - 
 
 „ C. — Painted in colours over the 
 
 GLAZE - 
 
 Class V Chinese porcelain with pierced 
 
 ORNAMENTS FILLED WITH GLAZE 
 
 Class VI. — Chinese pottert 
 
 Class VI. A Corean pottery - 
 
 Class VLB. — ^Loochoo pottery 
 Class VII. — Japanese porcelain 
 Section A. — Plain white 
 „ B. — Coloured glazes 
 „ C. — Painted in blue 
 „ D. — Painted in colours 
 Class VIII. — Japanese pottery 
 Class IX. — Siamese porcelain 
 Class X. — Oriental porcelain with foreign 
 designs - . - - 
 
 Section A. — Plain white - 
 „ B. — ^Painted in blue 
 „ C. — Painted in colours - 
 Class XI. — Oriental porcelain decorated in 
 
 Europe 
 Class XII. — Oriental porcelain in combination 
 WITH other substances - 
 
 
 r^OE 
 
 
 vii 
 
 
 ix 
 
 
 xi 
 
 1, 
 
 112 
 
 1, 
 
 112 
 
 5, 
 
 114 
 
 11, 
 
 117 
 
 12, 
 
 118 
 
 15, 
 
 119 
 
 16, 
 
 119 
 
 16, 
 
 119 
 
 37, 126 
 
 - 39, 128 
 
 62, 
 
 139 
 
 63, 
 
 , 139 
 
 
 141 
 
 
 144 
 
 64, 
 
 146 
 
 67, 
 
 145 
 
 67, 
 
 146 
 
 68, 
 
 147 
 
 69, 
 
 152 
 
 82, 
 
 163 
 
 84, 
 
 191 
 
 86, 
 
 192 
 
 89, 
 
 192 
 
 90, 
 
 192 
 
 91, 
 
 193 
 
 101, 
 
 198 
 
 104, 
 
 200 
 
PAGE 
 
 Addenda ..-.-- 202 
 
 Marks on OErENTAL porcelain ... 207 
 
 Additional marks - - - - 222 
 
 Dresden collection ----- 234 
 
 Stmbolical ornaments - - - - 237 
 
 The eight immortals - - . . 241 
 
 Emblems of longevitt - - - 243 
 
 LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 I.-III. Chinese Date Marks. 
 IV.-IX. Chinese Marks. 
 X., XI. Japanese Marks. 
 XII., XIII. Additional Chinese Marks. 
 XIV.-XVI. Additional Japanese Marks. 
 A — C. Symbolical Ornam:ents. 
 D — G. The Eight Immortals. 
 
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 Since the publication of the first edition of this catalogue, 
 I have endeavoured to render the collection more complete ; 
 especially in the Japanese sections, which were far from 
 illustrating in a satisfactory manner that important branch 
 of ceramic art. The result has been that a considerable 
 number of additional examples have been acquired, which 
 it has been thought desirable to add to the collection ex- 
 hibited, forming in all a series of about 1,700 specimens. In 
 order, however, not to disarrange the existing numbers, and 
 to leave the first edition useful as far as it goes, the 
 additional descriptions are printed as a supplement, under 
 the classes previously adopted, and the plates have been 
 numbered on at the end of the old series, excepting that the 
 plates of symbols and ornaments have been formed into a 
 separate series from the marks, so as to keep each class 
 together. 
 
 I have taken advantage of the republication to make 
 various corrections in the previous catalogue, and especially 
 in the descriptions of the marks. In this section I am 
 indebted to Dr. Bushell of Her Britannic Majesty's legation 
 at Pekin for several corrections and explanations. 
 
 It will be seen that the principal additions have been 
 made in Japanese porcelain and pottery. Much light has 
 been thrown on these subjects by the numerous importa- 
 tions of old and curious specimens, accompanied by expla- 
 nations, more or less correct, of their origin. The Report, 
 however, which accompanied the Japanese collection exhi- 
 bited at Philadelphia, and acquired by the South Kensington 
 Museum, has furnished the most trustworthy and valuable 
 information as yet obtained, and I am indebted to the 
 kindness of the Director of that museum for the use of this 
 document, which has enabled me to verify or correct the 
 data obtained from .other sources, and add considerably to 
 the usefulness of this catalogue. 
 
 With regard to the marks on Japanese porcelain, I have 
 received the kind assistance of several Japanese gentlemen, 
 especially Mr. B. Nanjio, Mr. R. Kasawara, and their English 
 friend, Mr. David Hare, as well as Mr. T. Baba. It is 
 
 A 4 
 
vui PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 
 
 evident, however, that a knowledge of the language is not 
 in itself sufficient to explain such short and sometimes 
 enigmatical inscriptions, and it is probable that only with 
 the aid of local connoisseurs can these marks be fully 
 understood. 
 
 Such information we are likely to obtain from the work 
 now in the course of publication by Mr. Ninagawa Noritand 
 of Tokio, entitled Kwan-ko-dzu-setsu, of which three parti 
 have appeared; with numerous coloured illustrations, and 
 translations into French of the text of the two first parts. 
 
 It must, however, be remembered that the Japanese like 
 the Chinese seem to have been, fond of producing from time 
 to time imitations of their older wares, and also copies of 
 Chinese porcelain ; so that it is difficult to be sure of the 
 exact age of many of the specimens. 
 
 November 1877 Augustus W. Franks. 
 
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. 
 
 ■li 
 
 The collection now exhibited to the public has been 
 gradually brought together, in a somewhat desultory man- 
 ner', during a "period of several years. 
 
 Many collections contain larger and finer specimens, 
 such for instance as the brilliant series formed by 
 Mr. Alfred Morrison or Mr. Louis Huth ; but it is pro- 
 bable that none of them illustrate so fully the different 
 varieties of porcelain which have been produced in 
 the manufactories of China and Japan. For it will be 
 seen that this collection has not been limited to choice 
 or ancient specimens, but that even common and modern 
 examples have been included when they illustrate the 
 subject. It is probably, moreover, the first time that any 
 attempt has been made to exhibit Oriental porcelain 
 divided into classes, and to distinguish the respective pro- 
 ductions of China and Japan. This it has been by no 
 means easy to do, and it will be for others to judge how 
 far the attempt has succeeded. Further experience may 
 lead hereafter to a more perfect classification. 
 
 As the marks given in the plates have in nearly every 
 case been copied from specimens in the collection, they will 
 probably be found more accurate than those which have 
 hitherto appeared, derived as the latter have been from 
 different and sometimes untrustworthy sources. 
 
 It may be well to give a brief account of what has been 
 already published on the subject in order to obviate the 
 necessity of frequent reference. The earliest description we 
 have of the processes connected with the manufacture of 
 Oriental porcelain is to be found in the valuable letters 
 from a Jesuit Missionary', P^re d'Entrecolles, written in 
 1712 and 1722, and published in "Lettres ^difiantes et 
 eurienses." The most scientific work that has appeared 
 on the nature of porcelain and its chemistry is the " Traits 
 des Ai'ts . C^ramiques," by A. Brongniart, 1844. The only 
 work which afibrds any native evidence on the history 
 of Chinese porcelain, and the various places at which it 
 has been manufactured, is the " Histoire de la fabrication de 
 la Porcelaine chinoise," translated from the Chinese by 
 M. Stanislas Julien (Paris, 1856), which will be referred to 
 hereafter as " The History of King-te-chin." In Marryat's 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 " History of Pottery and Porcelain " is an extended account 
 of the Oriental fabrics, witli some useful chronological notes 
 on the introduction of porcelain into Western Asia and 
 Europe, as well as an abstract of the History of King-te- 
 chin. The marks on Oriental porcelain are given in the 
 various editions of Chaffers, " Marks and Monograms on 
 Pottery and Porcelain " ; they are also to be found in 
 ■works published by Dr. Graesse, Mrs. Bury Palliser, and 
 others, as well as in Hooper and PhiUips' Manual of Marks. 
 
 The most elaborate treatises, however, which have hitherto 
 appeared on these subjects are " Histoire de la Porcelaine," 
 by A. Ja,cquemart and E. Le Blant,Paris, 1862, and "Histoire 
 de la Ceramique," by A. Jacquemart, Paris, 1873. These 
 works contain minute descriptions of the various kinds of 
 Oriental porcelain, written by one who could fully ap- 
 preciate their merits, and who has bestowed great pains 
 upon their investigation. With many of the conclusions of 
 this talented writer (whose recent death we all have to 
 deplore), I regret to say that I am unable to agree ; but 
 both works possess great value, and are illustrated by 
 exquisite engravings, due to the artistic skill of M. Jules 
 Jacquemart. 
 
 The pottery and porcelain of Japan forms the subject of 
 a richly illustrated work now in course of publication, 
 entitled "Keramic Art of Japan," by G. A. Audsley and 
 J. L. Bowes. 
 
 Notwithstanding, however, the numerous works that 
 have been published, it is probable that we have as yet 
 but an imperfect notion of the age, history, and meaning of 
 much that appears in collections of Oriental porcelain, and 
 until some European residing in China, well versed in 
 the subject, and well acquainted with the Chinese language, 
 has obtained access to the stores of native collectors, we 
 shall be to a certain extent working in the dark. 
 
 The introductory notices in this catalogue might have 
 been extended to much greater length, but this would 
 have been scarcely within the scope of a hand catalogue, 
 and would tend to diminish its usefulness to the public. 
 
 I cannot conclude without expressing my obligations 
 to Professor Doviglas and Dr. Birch for much assistance 
 respecting the Chinese inscriptions, and to Mr. E. Satow 
 for his help with regard to Japanese inscriptions. 
 
 May, 1876. Augustus W. Franks. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The art of making pottery seems to have been practised 
 by mankind from very early times. It is even a question 
 whether it was not known to the primitive inhabitants of 
 Europe, in those early ages when the mammoth and reindeer 
 still lived in the plains of France. 
 
 The lake dwellings of Switzerland and the ancient 
 sepulchres of northern Europe, many of them belonging to 
 the Stone Age, have produced numerous specimens of pottery, 
 rude indeed, but still showing that man was capable of 
 forming vessels of clay which sufficed for his daily wants. 
 Many of these vases are simply fashioned by tlie hand ; but 
 the potter's wheel was known to the Egyptians at a very 
 early period, probably not less than 2,500 years before our 
 era. The beauty of shape and design which are exhibited in 
 Greek pottery need merely be alluded to, as probably few 
 of the specimens go back before 800 B.C. 
 
 More, however, is known of the early wares of EurojDC, 
 Egypt, and Asia Minor than of the extreme east of Asia. 
 The tombs carefully explored during many years have 
 yielded up their ceramic treasures, and the age of the 
 various specimens can generally be fixed with some approach 
 to exactness. 
 
 With regard to China and Japan our information is much 
 more scanty. All that we know respecting the fabrics of 
 the former country is derived from the valuable histoiy 
 of the manufactory of King-te-chin, prepared by a local 
 magistrate, in 1815, from older native documents, and which 
 has been most ably translated and commented upon by 
 M. Stanislas Julien. 
 
 This work is divided into seven books : — 
 
 I. — Researches on ancient kinds of porcelain. 
 
 II. — Ancient porcelain of King-te-chin. 
 
 III. — Account of ancient porcelain imitated at King-te- 
 chin. 
 
 IV. — Porcelain made at King-te-chin. 
 
 V. — Processes of porcelain maldng. 
 
 VI. — List of everything concerning the manufacture of 
 porcelain. 
 
 VII. — General remarks of a technical character. 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 From this work the following short summary has been 
 prepared ; but it will be seen that from want of specimeus 
 to refer to, and from the inherent obscurity of technical terms 
 when translated into another language, little information is 
 to be derived from it. 
 
 The invention of pottery in China is referred by native 
 writers to the legendary Emperor Hwang-ti, who is stated to 
 have commenced his reign of a hundred years in 2697 B.C. 
 A subsequent Emperor Yu-ti-shun (225-5 B.C.) is stated to 
 have himself made pottery before he ascended the throne. 
 
 This must have been simple pottery, possibly glazed; 
 but we liave no precise intbrmation as to the kind manu- 
 factured. Some of the specimens may have resembled what 
 is known as Egyptian porcelain, which is an opaque siliceous 
 composition, covered with brilliant glazes of various colours, 
 and sometimes painted. This Egyptian porcelain is stated 
 to have been invented as early as the sixth Egyptian 
 dynasty. 
 
 The manufacture of porcelain proper, in China, is con- 
 sidered to have commenced under the Han dynasty, between 
 206 B.C. and 87 A.D. 
 
 The progress of the manufacture seems to have been slow. 
 Under the Wei dynasty (A.D. 220-265) two manufactories 
 are recorded as supplying porcelain for imperial use. Under 
 the Tsin dynasty (A.D. 265-419) the vessels are stated to 
 have been blue in coloui'j iind were highly esteemed. M. 
 Julien mentions that under the Sui dynasty (A.p. 581-618) 
 a green porcelain was made, to take the place of a vitrified 
 material of which the composition had been lost. 
 
 Under the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907) we hear more 
 of the manufacture, and six diifereut porcelains are men- 
 tioned. One of these is stated to have resembled jade or 
 ice, another is noticed as blue, and two others as white. 
 Two celebrated makers, Tao-yu and Ho, are mentioned 
 as being famous for their works. 
 
 During the reign of the Emperor Chin-tsurig, of one of 
 the lesser dynasties (A.D. 954), a celebrated porcelain was 
 made in the province of Ho-nan ; it is described as being 
 blue as the sky, shining as a looking glass, thin As paper, 
 and giving a sound like a musical stone, the only defect 
 being that the feet of the pieces were of a coarse and yejl'ow 
 paste. The colour of these vases is said to have originated 
 in an order of the Emperor Chin-tsung, that, for the futilre, 
 the porcelain for the palace should be ." blue as the sky 
 after rain when seen between the clouds." This porcelain 
 
INTEOnUCTION. XUl 
 
 appears to be so much esteemed in China, that even frag- 
 ments are treasured up and set as personal ornaments. 
 
 During the Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1279) the manu- 
 facture received still greater development, or more details 
 concerning its productions have been preserved.. We hear 
 of two famous porcelain makers, the brothei's Chang ; the 
 elder brother made thin vases oT a rice colour, as well as 
 pale blue, and crackled ; the younger, thin vases of a dark 
 'or light blue, but not crackled. The porcelains made at 
 Kiun-t'ai diu-ing the same time are said to have had a coarse 
 sandy paste, and to have been of the following colours : 
 yellow with brown crackled veins, bright red, pale blue, 
 and dark brown. There were also other tints, which, it is 
 not easy to describe or identify. On some of these porce- 
 lains, a gladiolus flower was painted under the foot as 
 a mark. In the period King-te (AD. 1004-1007) the 
 Emperor ordered a mark of date to be inscribed under the 
 pieces for the palace. Between 1107 and 1 117 a porcelain 
 manufactory was established by the Emperor at Pienrliang, 
 where were made the famous vases called Kwan-yao, or 
 vases for magistrates. They were thin, of a pinkish blue, 
 sometimes dark, sometimes palt; ; some had veins of crackle, 
 brown mouths, and feet of an iron colour. These magistrates' 
 vases seem to have been imitated in various manufactories 
 and at all periods, but the writers describe the imitations 
 as very inferior to the originals. Between 1107 and 1110 
 the colours most esteemed were moon white, pale blue, and 
 dark green, but afterwards dark or light blue only. A man 
 of the name of Chou and his daughter were noted for their 
 productions ; the vases of the latter are stated to have been 
 ornamented with flowers, but how executed does not 
 appeal'. 
 
 Under the Yuen dynasty of Mongols (1260-1 367) we hear 
 of porcelain with flowers, moulded, modelled, or painted. 
 The name of one famous makei', Fung, has been preserved ; 
 he excelled, however, in coppng older vases ; his produc- 
 tions were very thin and brittle. Under this dynasty painted 
 decorations seem first to have come into general use. 
 
 It was under the gi-eat native dynasty of the Mings 
 (1368-1644) that the manufactory of porcelain received 
 its greatest development, and much care was bestowed 
 upon painting the specimens. The four periods of which 
 the productions were most esteemed were Seuen-tih (1426- 
 1436), Ching-hwa (1465-1488), Yung-lo (1403-1425), and 
 Kea-tsing (1522-1567), which were classed in merit in the 
 order in which they are here given ; but the painting of 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the Seuen-tih period is said to have been inferior to that of 
 the Ching-hwa period. 
 
 In the Hung-woo period (1368-1399) blue, black, and 
 white were much esteemed, as well as dark blue with gilt 
 ornaments. The vases of the period Yung-lo (1403-1425) 
 seem to have been some thick, and some thin. Those most 
 valued were cups within which were painted lions rolling a 
 ball ; the second sort bad within a pair of birds ; and the 
 third, flowers ;. others had dark blue flowers ; others wer^ 
 of a bright red colour. In the Seuen-tih period (1426- 
 1436) vases with blue flowers were much esteemed, espe- 
 cially where the blue was pale ; a brilliant red was also 
 valued ; a red fish was sometimes moulded on the handles ; 
 smajl cups were much prized, inside which were painted 
 flowers, and a dragon and phcenix, and the mark of the 
 period engraved. We hear also of crackled vases, and 
 cups with crickets. In the period Ching-hwa (1465- 
 1488) the blue colour, owing to the failure of the supply, 
 became of inferior quality, but the coloured painting 
 was brought to high perfection. An officer of the Em- 
 peror Kea-tsing had two cups of this period which were 
 valued at 300?. In the period Ching-tih (1506-1522) the 
 finest specimens were of a peculiar red ; a very superior 
 blue pigment was introduced, probably cobalt. In the 
 period Kea-tsing (1522-1567) vases painted with flowers 
 were much esteemed on account of their fine deep colour ; 
 a few specimens seem to have been decorated with enamel 
 colours ; pure white cups, imitating white jade, were made, 
 but one of the supplies of porcelain earth failed. During 
 the periods Lung-king (1567-1573) and Wan-leih (1573- 
 1620) the fine blue failed again, and also the porcelain 
 earth ; good red vases were, h(jwever, made, the inferior 
 colour of the paste being probably covered by the glaze. 
 At this time lived a famous potter of the name of Ghow, 
 who excelled in imitating ancient vases. 
 
 The troubles of the later Emperors of the Ming dynasty, 
 who succeeded one another rapidly, and were constantly 
 at war with the Tatars, probably caused the porcelain 
 works to fall into decay ; we hear at any rate nothing of 
 thai]' productions, and few dated specimens have been seen. 
 
 With the accession of the Tsing dynasty of Tatars, still 
 occupying the throne of China, a new period of activity 
 eommeuced. iJnder Kang-he, the second Emperor of the 
 dynasty (1661-1722), a great impulse was given to the 
 ceramic arts. The long and peaceful reign of this Emperor, 
 extending to 61 years, his great understanding, and thp 
 
INTKODUCTION. XV 
 
 assistance perhaps of the Jesuit missionaries, led to many 
 improvements in the porcelain manufacture, and to the 
 introduction of several new colours. It is probably to this 
 reign that we may refer most of the old specimens of Chinese 
 porcelain that are to be seen in collections, even when they 
 bear earlier dates. The wares made under his successor 
 Yung-ching (1723-1786), do not appear to have been re- 
 markable. 
 
 The fourth Emperor Keen-lung (1736-1795) reigned for 
 60 years, when he abdicated. A large quantity of fkie china 
 was made during his long reign, much of it exhibiting very 
 rich and minute decoration. Under his successors the 
 manufacture appears again to have diminished in excellence, 
 and the destruction caused by the rebellion of the Tai-pings 
 not only greatly interfered with the extent of production, 
 but caused the downfall of the most celebrated of the fabrics, 
 that of King-te-chin. 
 
 As, however, we have already said, the native accounts 
 do not furnish much information that can be rendered 
 available ; but they show very clearly that at aU times the 
 porcelain makers were in the habit of copying the works of 
 their predecessors, and instances are given where they have 
 even succeeded in imposing xipon the best judges of their 
 own country. 
 
 The places at which manufactories of porcelain have 
 existed or still exist in China are very numerous. No less 
 than 57 being recorded in the history of King-te-chin. 
 They extend to 13 of the 18 provinces into which the 
 country is divided, but are especially numerous in Ho-nan, 
 Che-keang, and Keang-se, probably owing to the presence 
 of the materials for the manufacture in these provinces. 
 The following is a summary : — 
 
 Chih-le - 
 
 - 5 
 
 Che-keang 
 
 - 8 
 
 Keang-nan 
 
 - 5 
 
 Keang-se 
 
 - 8 
 
 Shan-se - 
 
 - 6 
 
 Sze-chuen 
 
 1 
 
 Shan-tung 
 
 2 
 
 Fiih-keen 
 
 - 2 
 
 Ho-nan 
 
 - 13 
 
 Kwang-tung 
 
 1 
 
 Shen-se - 
 
 - 4 
 
 Hoo-nan - 
 
 2 
 
 Kan-siih - 
 
 - 1 
 
 
 
 Of all these manufactories, the most famous appears 
 to be that of King-te-chin, in the province of Keang-se. 
 It had long been the site of a fabric, as in A.D. 583 the 
 then Emperor ordered the inhabitants of tlie district now 
 called King-te-chin to send him porcelain vases. The old 
 name was Chang-nan-chin and the present one was 
 assumed in the period King-te (A.D. 1004-1007), whence 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 its name. In 1712 P^re d'Entrecolles states that there 
 were 3,000 porcelain furnaces- in this town, which found 
 employment for an immense multitude of people. The 
 manufactory has suffered severely, as we have already stated, 
 during the rebellion of the Tai-pings. 
 
 Porcelain is termed by the Cihinese Yao, a name which 
 seems to have been brought into use at the commencement 
 of the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618), before which, it had 
 been called Tao. The word " porcelain " is European, 
 possibly Italian, and is supposed to have been derived from 
 the similarity of the glazed surface to that of the cowrie 
 shell (porcellana), which itself took its name from its form 
 (poTcella, a little pig). Marco Polo employs the word in 
 both senses: In French raediasval inventories the word 
 " pourcelaine " is often found, and evidently denoted a 
 substance which could be sculptured. M. de Laborde hSiS 
 collected a number of quotations in the valuable "Glossaire " 
 appended to his catalogue of the enamels in the Louvre, 
 and has come to the conclusion that mother-of-pearl was 
 intended ; it will, however, be safer to consider that the 
 word was used for any kind of shell, the cowrie and other 
 shells being as well, or even better, adapted for carving 
 than mother-of-peaii. In later inventories the word seems 
 to have been used both for shell and Oriental porcelain. 
 
 The claim of greatest antiquity that has been hitherto 
 put forward for specimens found out of tiie limits of the 
 Celestial Empire have been in favour of the little Chinese 
 bottles, which were stated by Rossellijii and others to have 
 been found in undisturbed Egyptian tombs, dating irom not 
 less tTian 1800 years B.C. This claim has, however, been 
 disallowed. The bottles are of good white porcelain, paiated 
 in colours, and bearing insci-iptions. Now we have seen 
 that the Chinese themselves do not claim a greater antiquity 
 for the invention' of porcelain than between B.C. 206 and 
 A.D. 87. Colour painting must have been introduced at a 
 much later date. The inscriptions are in the grass character, 
 which was not invented till B.C. 48, and contain passages 
 from poems which were not written till the eighth century 
 of our era. They are, in fact, identical with snufF bottles 
 still for sale in China. Their introduction, therefore, into 
 Egyptian tombs must have been due to the fraud of Arab 
 workmen. The whole subject has been gone into by M. Sta- 
 nislas Julien in the preface to the History of King-te-chin, 
 by Mr. Medhurst, in Transactions of the China branch of the 
 Royal Asiatic Society, Hongkong, 1853, as well as by others. 
 
 The next claim has been made on behalf of the murrhine 
 vases of the ancients, which are described as " cooked ip 
 
INTRODUCTION. XVil 
 
 Parthian fires.'' Now it is probable that at the com- 
 mencement of our era Chinese porcelain was not far ad- 
 vanced beyond pottery or stoneware, and little superior to 
 the so-called Egyptian porcelain. No fragments of Chinese 
 vases have been found with Greek or Roman antiquities, 
 nor of imitations of them in other materials, so as to cor- 
 respond with the false murrhine of the ancients; It is 
 therefore far more probable, as has been suggested by Mr. 
 Nesbitt, in his Notes on the History of Glass-making, that 
 the murrhine vases were made of agates and other hard 
 stones, of which the colours had been modified in the East 
 by heating and staining. The false murrhines would then 
 be the glass bowls imitating hard stones, but with various 
 strange tints not to be found in natural stones. 
 
 In 1171 we first find any distinct mention of porcelain 
 out of China. In that year Saladin sent to Nur-ed-din 
 as presents forty pieces of Chinese porcelain. 
 
 Marco Polo, travelling in 1280, visited one of the sites of 
 the porcelain manufacture, and mentions that it was exported 
 all over the world. It is probable that he may have been 
 the means of calling the attention of his countrymen to 
 this production of the far East. Many other notices from 
 travellers of the 14th and 15th centuries might be cited. 
 It was probably through Egypt that it reached Europe ; 
 at any rate a present of porcelain vases was sent by the 
 Sultan of Egypt in 1487 to Lorenzo de' Medici. To the 
 Portuguese is no doubt due the first direct importation of 
 Chinese wares into Europe, in which they were followed by 
 the various India Companies of Holland, England, France, 
 Sweden, &c. 
 
 It may be convenient shortly to describe the mode of 
 making porcelain in China, as derived from the letters of 
 P^re d'EntrecoUes, 1712-1722, and the History of King- 
 te-chin, in which M. Julien has reproduced the Chinese 
 plates illustrating the processes. 
 
 Porcelain in China is usually formed of two materials, the 
 one termed in Chinese Pe-tun-tse is a white fusible material, 
 a mixture of felspar and quartz, obtained from a pounded 
 rock by repeated washing,- and formed into cakes or bricks, 
 whence its Chinese name "white clay bricks." The other, 
 termed Kaolin from its locality, is infusible, being a hy- 
 drated silicate of alumina, derived from the decomposed 
 felspar of granite ;" this is also formed into cakes. These 
 two materials, having been thoroughly cleansed, are kneaded 
 togrther in varying proportions and form a clay ready for 
 the potter. The wet clay is turned on the wheel or potter's 
 table,- and after passing through the hands of several work- 
 
 A 167. B 
 
XVI U INTEODUCTION. 
 
 men, who add handles aad other accessories made in moulds, 
 smooth the surface, &c., the vessel is put out to dry ; the 
 foot still remaining a solid mass ; any decoration in blue or 
 other colours which require to be highly fired is then added. 
 The glaze is next applied, either by dipping or by blowing 
 it on with a tube. This strengthens the vessel sufficiently to 
 enable the workmen to fashion the foot on the wheel, and to 
 inscribe any mark ; this being likewise coated with glaze, the 
 vessel is ready for the furnace. The pieces of porcelain are 
 packed in clay seggars to protect them from injury, and. 
 placed according to the degree of heat which each specimen 
 requires. The furnace is then lighted, the entrance walled 
 up, and it is kept supplied with wood during a night and a 
 day, when it is allowed to cool and the porcelain removed. 
 If enamel colours are to be applied it then passes into the 
 hands of the painters, who are very numerous and each 
 confi.ned to his own special detail ; any gilding or silvering 
 is added at this stage. It is then baked again, at a much 
 lower temperature, in a small muffle or an open furnace. 
 It should be mentioned that the glaze is formed of Pe-tun- 
 tse .mixed with fern ashes and lime, but other materials are 
 occasionally used, for instance Hwa-chi (steatite) is employed, 
 sometimes mixed with the glaze, as well as sometimes with 
 the paste of the porcelain. Anj' colours which will bear to 
 be highly fired and are required to cover the whole surface 
 are mixed with the glaze before it is applied. 
 
 There is considerable difficulty in distinguishing glazed 
 vases of Chinese pottery from true porcelain, as the coloured 
 glaze in many cases conceals the material, and the thickness 
 prevents their being translucent, a distinguishing quality of 
 porcelain. The substance of many of the vases is coarse, 
 sometimes grey or even red, and such as would, in European 
 fabrics, be termed stoneware. By Chinese writers, however, 
 no distinction seems to be made, and even enamels on copper 
 are included in the term they use for porcelain. It has, 
 therefore, been thought best to class together glazed Chinese 
 pottery and 'porcelain, though some of the specimens are 
 undoubtedly stoneware. 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 CLASS I.— CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 Section A. — ^Plain White. 
 
 White or uncoloured porcelain may be divided into two 
 kinds. 1st. Ordinary porcelain which has been made and 
 glazed in the usual manner with the intention of being 
 painted in surface colours, but to which the decoration has 
 not been applied ; and 2nd, porcelain made to remain white, 
 and not intended to be decorated. 
 
 The former has rarely been sent in that state out of the 
 country, unless especially ordered, which we shall see must 
 have been the case in the earlier part of the 18th century. 
 It requires no particular description as it does not differ 
 in paste or form from decorated specimens. 
 
 The second class, to whicli most of the specimens here 
 described belong, differs considerably from other Oriental 
 porcelain ; the paste is usually of a creamy white resem- 
 bling ivory, the glaze seems closely blended with the paste, 
 and has a satiny texture, like the surface of soft-paste 
 porcelain ; the decorations consist of ornaments in high relief, 
 usually of an archaic character, or of engraved designs, 
 which frequently cannot be distinguished without holding 
 the specimens \vp to the light. We find in this material, 
 oval or octagonal cups, which in some instances are 
 made to imitate cups carved out of rhinoceros horn. 
 There are also statuettes of the goddess Kwan-yin, and 
 other Buddhist divinities, figures of lions, cocks, and other 
 animals, as well as small seals of a quadrangular shape, 
 surmounted by figures of animals, to which attention has 
 been much directed by the reported discovery of one or two 
 of them in Irish bogs. 
 
 It is probable that these specimens are of the same kind 
 as the white porcelain stated to have been made during the 
 earlier dynasties, or more modern imitations of tliem. A 
 manufactory existed under the Ming dynasty in the district 
 
 B 2 
 
2 CLASS I. — CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 of Te-hwa, where white porcelain, pe-tse, appears especially 
 to have been made. The cups are described as having 
 slightly recurved edges and considerable lustre, but very 
 thick, and the statuettes of Buddha as being well modelled. 
 
 This kind of porcelain is known in France under the 
 name of " blanc de Chine," and was much esteemed in the 
 17th and 18th centuries, and still more in Spain. It would 
 appear also to have some value in China, as one of the 
 Hong merchants, after making many magnificent presents 
 to an English gentleman, gave him as an object of great 
 value a white cup of this kind, enclosed in a case lined 
 with silk. 
 
 Among the products of the earliest manufactories of 
 European porcelain we frequently find imitations of these 
 white wares, and those made at St. Cloud and Chelsea are 
 fairly successful. Some of the specimens have been 
 erroneously ascribed to Plymouth. 
 
 Bowl. One of a pah'. Thin ivory white Chinese porcelain. Very 
 small base and wide rim, in which are six indentations. Inside 
 are two five-clawed dragons very faintly engraved in the paste 
 and glazed over. In the centre an inscription, also engraved 
 under the glaze, in an ancient seal character, being the mark 
 of the period Yung-lo, 1403-1424. H. 2| in., diam. 8i in. 
 [PI. II. 23.] 1. 
 
 This kind of vase is noticed in the History of King-te-chin (pp. 199, 
 263), as having been called Td-t'ai khi, and as having been first 
 made during the period Yung-lo. The mark as engraved is 
 taken firom the companion specimen, being nearly obliterated on 
 that exhibited. 
 
 Cup for Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; the 
 feet formed of stems, from which spring branches of prunus 
 and magnolia ; inside is pricked the Chinese character Vuh, 
 " Jade," which being also a surname is perhaps the name of an 
 owner. H. 3^ in., diam. 4| in. by 4 in. 2. 
 
 Cup foe Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with 
 moulded ornaments, consisting of branches, a fish, kylin, &c., 
 on the bottom is pricked the Chinese character Lew, being pro- 
 bably the name of an owner. H. 3 in., diam. 5^ in. 3. 
 
 Two Cups for Libations. ■ Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with 
 moulded ornaments, consisting of branches of prunus, a stag, 
 stork, dog, head of dragon, &c. H. 2\ in., diam. 4 in. 4. 
 
 Cup for Liba.tions. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with moulded 
 ornaments, a dog, a fir-tree, head of dragon, stag, and stork. 
 H. 2^ in., diam, 4 in. by 3 in. 5, 
 
SECTION A. — PLAIN WHITE. 3 
 
 Cup for Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with 
 ornaments in relief; branches of prunus, and another tree. 
 H. 2^ in., diam. 4 in. by 3^ in. 6. 
 
 Cup FOE Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, moulded 
 in the form of a flower, on which' are sprigs in relief ; five 
 knobs form the feet. H. 2^ in., diam. 3f in. by 3;^ in. 7. 
 
 Cup for Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, moulded 
 on the outside with leaves and insects in relief. H. 2 in., 
 diam. 4 in. \ 8. 
 
 Cup foe Libations, oval, resting on three small feet. Ivory 
 white Chinese porcelain. On each side five Chinese words 
 engraved in the paste, which appear to be verses. H. 1 1 in., 
 diam. 2| in. by 2^ in. , 9. 
 
 Cup, eight-sided. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; on each side 
 a figure in low relief; on the bottom is impressed an ornament. 
 H. 2 in. 10. 
 
 Cup, oblong, eigbt-sided. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; under 
 the glaze are impressed faint outlines of horses. H. 2^ in., 
 L. 3|in. n. 
 
 Cup, oblong, eight-sided, with four small feet. Ivory white 
 Chinese porcelain ; on one side four Chinese characters, Luk 
 shang tung lo. " Amidst the green wine cups we rejoice." 
 H. 1| in., diam. 2| in. by 2\ in. 12. 
 
 Gup, with broad flutes. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; on one 
 flute is impressed a stork, and on the opposite one a branch ; 
 on the bottom is impressed a seal character. H. 13. in., diam. 
 21 in. [PL V. 61.] 13. 
 
 Cup, leaf-shaped, with handle, resting on three leaves moulded 
 in slight relief. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. H. 1^ in., 
 L. 2\ in. 14. 
 
 Vessel. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. Shallow circular bowl 
 with a projection in the centre to hold a joss-stick ; around it 
 are in high, relief a crab, a prawn, a beetle, and leaves ; the 
 edge crinkled. H. 1| in., diam. 3 J in. 1,5. 
 
 Figure of a Ceab resting on a lotus leaf. Ivory white Chinese 
 porcelain ; the stem of the leaf terminates in a flower. L. 6^ in. 
 
 16. 
 
 Basin, with cover and stand ; eight-sided, with ornaments 
 moulded in relief. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. The basin has 
 eight feet and four handles ; each side is ornamented with three 
 bands enclosing scrolls and other devices of an ancient bronze 
 
4 CLASS I. — CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 style ; the cover has a knob at each angle, and is ornamented 
 with an iris surrounded by prunus, the spaces between are 
 pierced ; the central knob is wanting. The stand has a raised 
 knob at each angle, and eight low feet; in the centre is a large 
 flower surrounded by small detached scrolls, all impressed ; on 
 the outside are panels like those on the bowl. H. 4| in., diam. 
 of stand, 6| in. 17. 
 
 A similar specimen is engraved in Marryat (1868), p. 387, as 
 Plymouth. 
 
 Two Cups. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with outer pierced 
 coatings, among which occur seal, characters. 11. 2 in., diam. 
 3^ in. 18. 
 
 Two Cups. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, each consisting of a 
 plain cup with an outer pierced coating. H. 2^ in., diam. 2| in. 
 
 19. 
 
 G-LOBDLAK Vase. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; pierced in a 
 pattern formed of intersecting circles. H. 2 in., diam. 2| in. 
 
 20. 
 
 Figures of Lions, a pair. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; they are 
 of grotesque form seated on their haunches with collars round 
 their necks, resting their fore feet on a ball, near which, in one of 
 them, is a cub ; at the sides conical tubes to hold joss-sticks ; 
 quadrangular pedestals. H. 13 in. 21. 
 
 FiGUEE OF A Ktlin. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; it rests on 
 a leaf-shaped pedestal, with a tube for a joss-stick by its side. 
 H. 3 in. 22. 
 
 Eight Seals. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; each in the form of 
 a cube, on which an animal is seated. On the under surface are 
 inscriptions in the seal character, sometimes in relief and some- 
 times sunk. H. 1 J in. 23. 
 A similar one is engraved in Marryat (1868), p. 281. See also Notices 
 of Chinese seals found in Ireland, by Edmund Getty. Dublin. 1850. 
 
 Seal, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, surmounted by a 
 rabbit. No stamp. H. f in. 24. 
 
 Statuette of the goddess Kwan-yin, seated on a lotus flower, and 
 holding in one hand a peach. Bluish- white Chinese porcelain. 
 H, 5^ in. 25. 
 
 Vase, six-sided, of white Chinese porcelain, with ornaments 
 copied from bronze ; on the front and back panels is a symbol 
 (standard ?), below which the waves of the sea, and above 
 a phoenix in full relief ; on the side panels are dragons 
 with the waves of the sea below them ; two looped hapdies with 
 pendent rings fastened to the vase. H, 12 in, 26. 
 
SECTION A. — PLAIN WHITE. 5 
 
 Pair of Cups. White Chinese porcelain ; on the outside five 
 medallions with figures in biscuit in high relief; in one of them 
 the god of Longevity ; in each of the others two figures standing, 
 probably the Pa-sien or eight immortals ; between the medal- 
 lions is pierced fretwork. IT. If in., diam. 3| in. 26a!. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. White Chinese porcelain, very thin, ornamented 
 inside with a chrysanthemum flower, moulded in very low relief. 
 Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. 27. 
 
 Cup and Saucer, of thin white Chinese porcelain, slightly 
 moulded in relief, in the form of the flower of a nelumbium or 
 water-lily. Inside au impressed ornament. Diam. i\ in., 
 b\ in. 28. 
 
 Cup and Saucer, of thin white Chinese porcelain, slightly 
 moulded in relief in the form of a flower ; and thick Coffee 
 Cup of the same pattern. Diam. 3^ in., 5;^ in., 2^ in. 29. 
 
 Coffee Cup, of rude make. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, simple 
 handle, rounded base, band round lower part. H. 2^ in., 
 Diam. U in. 30. 
 
 This has been considered by some to have been made at Fulham. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, with gilt designs out- 
 lined in brown ; three phoenixes and four detached flowers. 
 Diam. 8^ in. 31. 
 
 Two Bbicks, of white Chinese porcelain ; section in the form of L ; 
 
 one face glazed. From the famous porcelain tower near Nankin, 
 
 now destroyed. It was commenced under the Emperor Ynng- 
 
 lo, and completed in 1430. It was about 240 feet high. L. 
 
 lOj in., 5f in., W. 5 in., H. 3 in. 32. 
 
 This celebrated pagoda was not really built of porcelain. It consisted 
 
 of nine stories faced with enamelled bricks of five colours ; the only 
 
 bricks made of porcelain were the white, the rest being merely 
 
 glazed pottery. (See Nos. 921, 922.) 
 
 Vert shallow Vase, of white Chinese porcelain, with a dull band 
 round the mouth and base, coloured brown, and engraved with 
 scroll and fret patterns. H. 1| in., diam. 4J in. 33. 
 
 Snuff Bottle. White Chinese porcelain; double casing, the 
 outer pierced and moulded with the seal character. Show, 
 " Longevity," accompanied by two bats, emblems of Happiness. 
 H. 2| in. 33a. 
 
 Section B. — Single coloured Glazes. 
 
 The vases and other objects glazed over with yingle 
 colours are among the most original and decorative objects 
 produced in porcelain, and were much appreciated by the 
 collectors of the last century. 
 
6 CLASS I. — CIIlNESli; rOECELAlN KOT PAINTED. 
 
 The tints are very numerous ; we find, for instance, sea 
 green or celadon, yello-w, red, blue, purple, brown, black, 
 and several variegated hues. These glazes owe their colour 
 to various metallic oxides, of which an account may be 
 found in the history of King-te-chin, Book VI., Sect. XI. 
 The exact tint must be in some measure due to the amount 
 of firing which the vase has undergone, and the mottlings 
 and other variations of colour which they present must 
 have been to a certain extent accidental. 
 
 Among these simple colours the first place must be 
 assigned to the bluish or sea-green tint, termed by the 
 French c'eladon. It is probably of considerable antiquity, 
 and it is remarkable that the earliest specimen of porcelain 
 that can now be referred to as having been brought to 
 England before the Reformation, viz., the cup of Archbishop 
 Warham, at New College, Oxford, is of this kind. By the 
 Persians and Turks it is termed mertebani, and it is much 
 valued by them as a detector of poisonous food. Specimens 
 of this porcelain were sent to Lorenzo de' Medici in 1487 
 by the Sultan of Egypt. It owes its preservation no doubt 
 to its great thickness. The surface is sometimes covered 
 with impressed or engraved patterns filled in with the glaze. 
 In Japan, where it is esteemed, it is known as Seiji. 
 
 Yellow glazed porcelain is much valued by collectors, 
 owing to the supposed scarcity of specimens of this colour, 
 it being the imperial colour oi the later dynasties. 
 
 The red glaze is of considerable antiquity ; some of the 
 rases made under the Sung dynasty at Tsing-cheou are 
 mentioned as resembling chiselled red jade. One tint, the 
 sang de bceuf of French collectors, is much valued in 
 China. A specimen, possibly genuine, is exhibited as 
 No. 44. Occasionally portions of red glazed vases appear 
 purple, owing probably to a different chemical condition of 
 the colouring matter in those parts. This variety is called 
 by the Japanese Shvnsha. 
 
 Blue glazes must have come into use in very early times, 
 as blue is stated to have been the colour of the vases of 
 the Tsin dynasty (A.D. 265-419). The tints appear to 
 have varied greatly, one of the most celebrated being the 
 blue of the sky after rain, which was the tint selected for 
 the use of the palace bj the Emperor Chi-tsung (954-959). 
 Specimens with a deep blue glaze are known in Japan as 
 Ruuri. 
 
 The purple glaze is another beautiful variety. Speci- 
 mens of this colour are mentioned as early as the Sung 
 dynasty (960-1279). The brown and coffee coloured glazes 
 
SECTION B. — SINGLE COLOURED GLAZES. 7 
 
 do not appear to be very ancient, as Pere d'Entrecolles, 
 writing in 1712, mentions them as recent inventions. 
 
 A brilliant black glaze is by no means common, except- 
 ing where it is used in combination with gilding, and is 
 probably not very ancient, as a brilliant black is said to 
 have been invented under the reign of the Emperor Keen- 
 lung, 1736-1795. It differs from the black ground of the 
 painted wares which are of a dull black glazed over with 
 green. 
 
 The variegated and mottled glazes may properly be 
 included under this head, as they owe their appearance not 
 so much to a difference in the colouring matter as to the 
 mode in which it is applied. They are called by the French 
 flamh^, and were no doubt originally accidentally pro- 
 duced. According to Pere d'Entrecolles, second letter, 1722, 
 s. xi., such vases are called Yao pien, or transmutation 
 vases. In Japan they are known as Nwmako. Three vases 
 in this collection, Nos. 64, 717, and 718 are attributed to the 
 Sung dynasty, and if so may be specimens of the Kien-Yao, 
 or porcelain of Kien-chow, which is described as being of pale 
 black, sprinkled with yellow spots. 
 
 It is probable that many of the specimens which are 
 covered with single glazes are of a coarse ware, rather a 
 kind of stoneware than true porcelain. Some of the glazes 
 have been applied at a somewhat lower temperature, called 
 by the French demi-grand feu. 
 
 Incense Burner. Chinese porcelain, green celadon. It is in the 
 form o£ a small temple, with a quadrangular base, on which are 
 two horses and flowers in very slight relief; on4his rests the 
 cover, shaped like a roof, supported on four columns, below 
 which is a nelumbium fruit pierced for the smoke to escape; it is 
 surrounded by an openwork gallery ; on the roof are six dragons' 
 heads in full relief, coloured to imitate bronze. H. 9^ in. 336. 
 
 Saucer Dish, of very thick Chinese porcelain, green celadon, 
 with ornaments slightly impressed ; in the centre a large flower, 
 round the sides leafy scroll work. Brought from the island of 
 Rhodes. Diam. 13| in. 34. 
 
 Dekp Plate. Chinese porcelain, of massive fabric, covered with 
 dark green celadon 'glaze ; in the centre a sprig of flowers, 
 around which a band of scored flutings. Diam. 9^ in. 35. 
 
 Large Bowl, with detached openwork stand. Chinese porcelain 
 of massive fabric, covered with green celadon glaze; the bowl is 
 ornamented inside and out with flowers and scrolls of a formal 
 pattern ; the stand is formed of leaves moulded in relief. H. of 
 bowl, m in. Dtam. of bowl, 15^ in. H. of stand, 6^ in. 
 Diam. of stand, 9^ in. 36. 
 
8 CLASS I. — CHINESE l^OECELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 Vase, with cylindrical neck, and two handles with rings attached 
 to them. Chinese porcelain, covered with green celadon glaze. 
 H. 9 in. 37. 
 
 Pear-shaped Vase, with two handles in .the form of elephants' 
 heads. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out with a full 
 yellow glaze. H. 13 in. 38. 
 
 Thin Bowl. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out with a 
 pale yellow glaze. Mark of the period Hung-che. 1488-1506. 
 (3.3.) H. 3| in., diam. 7^ in. [PI. I. 8.] ' 39. 
 
 Thin Bowl. Chinese pwcelain, covered inside and out vrith a 
 pale yellow glaze. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. 
 (3.3.) H. 3i in., diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 10.] 40. 
 
 Paib of ShA-Llow Bowls. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and 
 out with a full yellow glaze. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 
 1522-1567. (3.3.) H. 2^ in., diam. 8 in. [PI. I. 10.] 41. 
 
 Pair of Sauoeks. Chinese porcelain, covered with yellow glaze. 
 Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. (2.2.) H. 5 in. 42. 
 
 Pair of Bowls. Chinese porcelain, with faintly engraved patterns, 
 representing five clawed dragons with waves beneath them ; 
 covered inside and out with pale yellow glaze. Mark of the 
 period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3.3.) H. 2i in., diam. 4| in. 
 [PL II. 14.] 43. 
 
 The peculiarly hazy look of the glaze over the mark closely resembles 
 Japanese porcelain. 
 
 Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; covered with a deep but brilliant 
 red glaze. H. 8^ in. 44. 
 
 This specimen is from Mr. A. B. Mitford's collection, and is thus 
 deserihed in the catalogue : — " A bottle : Lang yao tzi, porcelain 
 from the Lang furnace. The Lang family were a family of famous 
 posters who possessed the secret of this peculiar glaze and paste. 
 They became extinct about the year 1610; and their pottery is highly 
 esteemed, and fetches great prices at Pekin. The Chinese have never 
 been able successfully to imitate this ware." 
 
 Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with globular body and narrow neck, 
 covered with a light red glaze. Mark of the period Kapg-he 
 1661-1722. (3.3.) H. 10 in. [PI. II. 14.] 44o. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase. Chineee porcelain, covered with a pale 
 red glaze, assuming the form of a sprinkled pattern. Mark in 
 the seal character of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. R 
 Ui in, [PI. ITT. 25,] 45. 
 
 Fair of Bottles, with narrow necks. Chinese porcelain, covered 
 with a deep red glaze. H. 8 in. 46. 
 
SECTION B. — SINGLE OOLOUKED GLAZES. 9 
 
 Pair of Bottle-shaped Vases. Chinese porcelain, covered ex- 
 ternally" with a deep red glaze. Mark in the seal character of 
 the period Taou-kwimg, 1821-1851. H. 12 in. [PI. III. 29.] 
 
 47. 
 
 Pair of Bowls, with covers. Chinese porcelain ; the outsides of 
 both of a rich ruby colour, the insides plain white. Mark on 
 bowls and covers of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795, in the 
 seal character. H. 3| in., diam. 4^ in.- [PI. III. 26.] 48. 
 
 Squabe Vase, with swelling body, small foot and neck. Chinese 
 porcelain ; the outside covered with a glaze varying from a deep 
 liver colour to a pale grey. H. 13|^ in. 49. 
 
 Vase, with wide mouth and foot. Chinese porcelain ; the outside 
 covered with a wavy glaze, reddish brown and grey, with darker 
 spots. Mark, stamped, in the seal character, too complicated to 
 be deciphered. H. 5A in. [PI. VI. 69.] 50. 
 
 Flat Bottle. Chinese porcelain, singularly shaped, somewhat 
 in the form of an obelisk or sceptre passing through a circle ; 
 covered with a mottled grey and red glaze ; on the flat sides orna- 
 ments in relief, among which are two constellations. H. 8^ in. 
 
 51. 
 
 Bottle. Chinese porcelain, covered externally with a brilliant 
 brownish black glaze. H. 121 in. 52. 
 
 Pair of Bweks, with covers. Chinese porcelain, with flowing 
 spouts and handles, covered with a deep black glaze, with traces 
 of gilding, Chinese seal characters, birds, &c. H. 7f in. 63. 
 
 Pair of Candlesticks. Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark 
 brown glaze; each has three feet; around the stems a dragon in 
 relief, above which is a lotus leaf once forming the base of a 
 pricket ; the latter has been replaced by a nozzle, apparently of 
 Bottcher ware ; mounted in ormolu. H. 6f in. 54. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain, moulded in rehef ; the body ribbed, the 
 upper part with stiff leaves and borders of a bronze pattern, 
 covered entirely with bright brown glaze. H. 13 in. 55. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, coated outside with a brownish bronze 
 colour, inside plain.- Mark of the period Heen-fung, 1851- 
 1862. (3.3.) H. 3i iu., diam. 6 in. [PL II. 19.] 56. 
 
 Hexagonal Bottle. Chinese porcelain, covered with olive 
 green to imitate bronze, and decorated with gold ; it has two 
 small handles in the form of monsters ; on the body are six 
 panels with stoi'ks, above which the same number of panels 
 with phoenixes ; below are arabesques ; on the foot and lower 
 part of the neck a band of a bronze pattern, with the Chinese 
 
10 CLASS I. — CHINKSE POKCELAIN NOT I'AINTEU. 
 
 character Shoiv, " Longevitj'," at intervals ; on the neck ara- 
 besques, beadwork, &c. Mark in gold, in the seal character, of 
 the period King-te, of the Sung dynasty, 1004-1007. H. 14| 
 in. [PL II. 22.] 57. 
 
 The style of execution renders it probable that this specimen was 
 made in tlie 18th century ; perhaps copied from bronze. 
 
 Eight-sided Bottle, fluted. Chinese porcelain, covered with an 
 olive brown glaze to imitate bronze. H. 7j in. 57a. 
 
 Fluted Bottle of a kind of stoneware, covered with a pale 
 lilac glaze. This bottle was obtained at Pekin, and has been 
 pronounced by Chinese antiquaries to belong to the Yuen 
 dynasty, 1206-1368, H. 3^ in. 58. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; covered with deep purple glaze; on the 
 outside, a portion of the glaze has been removed on the wheel, 
 probably in Germany, so as to produce an engraved design in 
 white ; viz., a bird on a bunch of fruit, through which is passed 
 a ribbon tied at each end into an elaborate bow ; the rest of the 
 bowl has scrolls terminating in flowers. H. 3 in., diam. 6| in. 
 
 59. 
 
 Teapot of Chinese porcelain, in the form of a peach, with handle 
 and spout, and an opening in the bottom communicating with 
 a tube through which the liquid is poured into the vessel ; 
 it is covered with a deep purple glaze. H. 5 in. 60. 
 
 Vessel of Chinese porcelain in the form of a chrysanthemum 
 flower half closed, glazed inside and out with a brilliant lapis 
 blue. H. If in., diam. 2^ in. 61. 
 
 Cylindrical Match Pot. Chinese porcelain, covered with a 
 dull blue glaze, with two dragons and small clouds in outline, 
 scratched through the colour before firing. Mark Va wan, " An 
 elegant rarity." H. 5^ in. [PI. V. 47.] 62. 
 
 Two Plates, with wavy edges. Chinese porcelain ; the whole 
 fronts and the backs of the borders are covered with mazarine 
 blue, with designs traced in gold ; in the centre the cha- 
 racter Show, " Longevity," in clouds, surrounded by five lions. 
 Mark, Luh-i tang, " Luh-i Hall." Diam. 81 in. [PI. IV. 33.] 
 
 63. 
 
 Pair of Ewers. Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark blue 
 glaze ; the surface of the bodies has been ornamented with 
 chrysanthemums in gold, and scrolls in silver ; old metal 
 mounts. H. 10 in. 63a. 
 
 Oviform Vase, with spreading base and no neck. Dense red 
 Chinese ware, covered with a mottled glaze of a dark greenish 
 blue with yellow specks. Mark stamped in the clay, Koh 
 Ming Tsiang chi, " Made by Koh Ming Tsiang." This is said 
 to be as old as the Sung dynasty, 960-1278. H. Hi in. [PI 
 VI. 71.] 64. 
 
SECTION O. — GLAZES Or SEVERAL COLOURS. 11 
 
 Pair of Vases, with monsters' heads forming handles. Chinese 
 porcelain, covered with mottled bluish green. Mark of the 
 period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. (3.3.) H.4|in. [PL II. 16.] 
 
 65. 
 
 Section C. — Glazes of seveeal Colours. 
 
 It has been convenient to place together specimens on 
 which glazes of several colours appear, although they may 
 not have been all applied at the high temperature to which 
 the vases with single glazes have been subjected. The 
 designs upon them can scarcely be considered painted, and 
 therefore it is convenient that tbey should form a class 
 apart. It is probably to this kind of porcelain that Pere 
 d'Entrecolles refers in his second letter, s. ^iv., from which 
 it appears that the process of making it varies somewhat 
 from the ordinary one. The vessels are burnt before being 
 glazed, and the colours applied, mixed with what he terms 
 " poudre de cailloux." 
 
 Vase, with small neck. Chinese porcelain, with ornaments 
 executed in raised outlines, filled in with yellow and turquoise 
 on a dark blue ground ; on the lower part waves from which 
 spring water plants ; on the upper part an interlacing pattern of 
 beads and amulets. H. 16^ in. 67. 
 
 This may possibly be Japanese, compare Nos. 465a to 465c ; but it is 
 evidently much older than those specimens. 
 
 Two-handled Vase. Chinese porcelain, with chrysanthemum 
 flowers in low relief growing up from the base, and with 
 flying insects around them ; the handles in the form of ele- 
 phants' heads and trunks. The ground of the outside of the 
 vase is covered with a turquoise glaze passing in places into 
 green. - The flowers are sometimes of a pale yellow, sometimes, 
 together with the leaves, coloured maroon ; the elephants' heads 
 are maroon ; inside and bbttom coated with a dirty yellow 
 glaze. H. 18 in. 68. 
 
 This may also be Japanese and modern. 
 
 Vase, with small neck, the body widening towards the upper 
 part. Chinese porcelain ; on it are engraved two dragons among 
 clouds, coloured green on a yellow ground. Mark of the 
 period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.) H. 15 in. [1^1. I. 12.] 
 
 69, 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; the inside plain, the outside with two 
 five-clawed dragons floating in clouds above the sea, all faintly 
 engraved in the paste and coloured purple ; these are relieved 
 by a brilliant green ground. Mark of the period Kang-he, 
 1661-1722. (3.3.) H. 2| in., diam. P in. [PL II. 14.] 70. 
 
12 CLASS I. — CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 Quadrangular Vase. Chinese porcelain, with ornaments in 
 relief, consisting of the mystical trigrams known as the Pa- 
 kwa, placed two on each side, with the circular emblem, the 
 Yang-ying, between them; these are coloured sea green and 
 brown relieved by a blue glazed background. H. 9fin. 71. 
 
 Pair op Figures of Lions, standing on leaves. Chinese por- 
 celain ; one of them green witli maroon mane and small yeUow 
 cub by its right front paw ; the other yellow, with a green mane 
 and moveable green ball under its left front paw ; H. 3| in. 
 
 72. 
 
 Pair op Small Trats, of Chinese porcelain ; they are formed of 
 the leaf, stem, and bud of the nelumbium, covered with green 
 glaze, and enclosing water insects, modelled in relief, and 
 glazed in various colours. L. 4 in. 73. 
 
 Figure of a Parrot, of Chinese porcelain, coloured green, and 
 resting on a yellow rock. H. 2| in. 74. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, with engraved designs, repre- 
 senting four branches of flowers, coloured maroon, green, and 
 white, on a deep yellow ground ; outside deep yellow. Mark, a 
 quatrefoil-shaped symbol. Diam. 8|- in. [PI. IX. 106.] 74«. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, with engraved designs, repre- 
 senting three flowering plants growing out of a rock, and 
 coloured green, yellow, and maroon ; outside deep yellow. Mark, 
 a quatrefoil-shaped symbol. Diam. 6| in. [PI. IX. 106.] 
 
 74i. 
 
 CLASS IL— CHINESE CRACKLE PORCELAIN. 
 
 This is one of the most peculiar productions of the art 
 of the Chinese potter, and has not been successfully imitated 
 elsewhere. Occasionally European pieces assume a crackled 
 appearance, but this has not been intentionally produced, 
 and has been subsequent to the baking. 
 
 There is a considerable variety in the coloured glazes 
 which are thus crackled. Some colours, such as turquoise 
 blue and apple green, seem nearly always to assume a 
 crackled appearance ; others, such as the reds, are rarely 
 affected. The colour chiefly selected is a greyish white ; the 
 forms are archaic, and with ornaments in dark brown, occa- 
 sionally gilt. The crackled appearance, though now always 
 artificial, owes doubtless its origin in the first instance to 
 accident, and at an early period. Some of the vases of 
 the Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1270), are noticed as beiug 
 crackled. The productions of the two brothers Chang, 
 who lived under that dynasty, were distinguished by one 
 
CLASS II. — CBINESE CRACKLE PORCELAIN. 13 
 
 being crackled and the other not. Crackled vases were 
 called Tsui-khi-yaOj under the southern Sung dynasty 
 (1127-1279), and are thus described in the History of 
 King-te-chin : — "The clay employed -was coarse and com- 
 pact, the vases were thick and heavy, some were of a rice 
 white, others pale blue. They used to take some Hoa-chi 
 (steatite), powder it, and mix it with the glaze. The vases 
 exhibited cracks running in everj'' direction as though 
 broken into a thousand pieces. The cracks were rubbed 
 over with Indian ink or a red colour, and the superfluity 
 removed. Then was seen a network of charming veins, 
 red or black, imitating the cracks of ice. There were also 
 vases on which blue flowers were painted on the crackled 
 ground." 
 
 A different mode of making the crackles is described in 
 another Chinese work, and is as follows : — "After covering 
 the vases with glaze, they are exposed to a very hot sun, 
 and when they liave become hot, they are plunged into 
 cold water for a moment. On being baked they appear 
 covered with innumerable cracks." The way in which 
 the size of the crackle is regulated, seems to be indicated in 
 one of the receipts for making crackle vases given in the 
 History of King-te-chin, (p. 214), from which we learn 
 that the material of the glaze was to be finely or coarsely 
 washed, according to the size of the crackle required. 
 
 The diffierence between the paste and the thick glaze are 
 well ilkistrated by fragments of ancient vases, some of 
 which are exhibited. The interior is of a coarse paste, 
 nearly resembling stoneware, and of a buff or even pale 
 red colour. This is coated on both sides with a white 
 material, in which alone the crackles appear. This illus- 
 trates a passage in the History of K^ng-te-chin, where 
 porcelain is spoken of as having red bones. Such vases 
 would not be transparent. 
 
 Oval Libation Cup. Chinese crackle porcelain, brownish, with 
 moulded ornaments in relief, dog, stork, dragon's head, stag, &c. 
 L. 3| in., H. 2i. in. 75. 
 
 Bottle. Chinese crackle porcelain, greenish ; two handles in 
 the form of monsters' heads, and a band of various patterns in 
 relief coloured dark brown. H. ? in. 76. 
 
 Bottle. Chinese crackle porcelain, greenish grey, the crackles 
 being few in number and far apart. Mark, in the seal character, 
 of the period Yung-chiug, 1723-1736. H. 9| in. [PI. III. 
 25.] 77. 
 
14 CLASS ir. — CHINESE <^B,a.vjii.i,ci jrwnv>jc,x.a.ixx. 
 
 Low Vase, with two handles in the form of monsters' heads 
 bronzed over. Chinese porcelain ; the outside of a grey blue, 
 crackled j the upper part of inside also crackled ; the cracks 
 are filled in with brown. H. 2f in., W. 4^ in. 78. 
 
 Vase. Chinese crackle porcelain, dark lavender. H. 6f in. 79. 
 
 Globular Vasb. Chinese crackle porcelain, bi-own, with darker 
 brown rim and base. H. 2^., diam. 4 in. 80. 
 
 Vase with Narrow Neck. Chinese porcelain, covered with a 
 deep blue glaze, slightly crackled. H. 6^ in. 81. 
 
 Vase of good form. Chinese porcelain,, covered inside and out 
 with a turquoise glaze, minutely crackled. H. 12| in. 82. 
 
 Circular Stand, resting on three legs. Chinese porcelain, 
 covered with a turquoise glaze, slightly . crackled. H. If in., 
 diam. 5| in. 83. 
 
 Oblong Stand, resting on four legs. Chinese porcelain, covered 
 with a deep turquoise glaze, shghtly crackled. H. 2^ in., W. 7 in. 
 by 3^ in. 84. 
 
 Pair of Semicircular Stands, resting on three legs. Chinese 
 porcelain, covered with a deep turquoise glaze, slightly crackled. 
 H. 2i in., L. 10 in. 85. 
 
 Teapot of flattened form, with a peach on its cover. Chinese 
 porcelain ; the outer surface entirely covered with a turquoise 
 glaze, slightly crackled. H. 3^ in., L. 7. 86. 
 
 Figure of a Parrot. Chinese porcelain, covered with a 
 brilliant turquoise glaze, slightly crackled ; hole for joss-stick 
 in right wing. H. 4J in. 87. 
 
 Vase, with small neck. Dense red Chinese ware, covered with 
 a deep turquoise glaze, crackled, on which are designs painted 
 in black ; of a somewhat Persian character. Three panels : 
 two enclosing figures, the third a stork ; borders above and 
 below. H. 101 in. 88. 
 
 Vase, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and 
 out with a bright green glaze, crackled. H. 5 J in. 89. 
 
 Vase, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and 
 out with a bright green glaze, crackled. Ormolu mount to 
 foot. H. 4| in. 90. 
 
 Vase, barrel-shaped. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out 
 with bright green glaze, crackled. H. 4;^ in. 91. 
 
 Pair op Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, entirely covered 
 with apple green glaze, slightly crackled ; gilt edges. Diam. 
 9^ in. 92. 
 
CLASS II. — CHINESE CRACKLE PORCELAIN. 15 
 
 SAUCEit. Very solid and coarse Chinese ware, crackled, and 
 mottled with brown and grey. Mark stamped in relief, 
 / shing, " Harmonious prosperity," probably a motto. Diam. 
 5^ in. [PI. VI. 68.] 93. 
 
 Snuff Bottle, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain of a. yel- 
 lowish paste, slightly crackled; eighteen mythological figures, 
 probably the Arhan, or immediate disciples of Buddha, 
 resting on clouds, with a dragon above. H. 2|- in. 94. 
 
 Snuff Bottle, with pierced outer casing, moulded in relief!. 
 Chinese porcelain, of yellowish paste, slightly crackled. A 
 tangled mass of tree-stems and flowers ; in the stopper is set a 
 small ruby. H. 3J in. 94a. 
 
 SmjFF Bottle, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain, crackled ; 
 groups of vases and other emblems painted in colours on a 
 diapered ground. Mark, in the seal character, of the period 
 Kea-king, 1796-1821. H. 2f in. [PI. III. 28.] 95. 
 
 Vase, with two handles, in the form of monsters' heads. 
 Chinese porcelain • on the body eight horses in various attitudes, 
 in slight relief, and outlined in blue and brown ; the ground is 
 crackled, the cracks being filled in with a buff colour. These 
 horses are probably intended to represent the eight famous 
 horses of Muh Wang, a monarch of the Chow dynasty, B.C. 
 1001. H. 6 in. 96. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese crackle porcelain, grey, painted in colours, 
 with a little gilding ; a river scene ; green border with symbols, 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing dragons. Diam. 
 81 in. 97. 
 
 Three Fragments of Saucers. Chinese crackle porcelain. From 
 the ruins of the palace at Bijapur, India, destroyed in 1689. 
 They show the red colour of the inner body. 97fl!. 
 
 CLASS in.— CHINESE PORCELAIN WITH WHITE 
 SLIP DECOKATION. 
 
 In these specimens the white decoration seems to have 
 been applied in a semi-liquid state, technically called " slip '' 
 or engobe, on a coloured ground. M. Jacquemart has 
 attributed a similar vase to the workshops of Shiraz in 
 Persia ; but there seems to be no reason for this statement, 
 although such specimens may liave been made in China 
 for the Persian or Indian markets, and the process was 
 employed by the Persians in decorating their siliceous 
 wares. 
 
 A 167. f! 
 
16 CLASS IIT. — CHINESE POECELAIN ; SLIP DEOOEATION. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase, probably part of a narghili. Chinese 
 porcelain, covered externally with a dark brown glaze, on which 
 are moulded in low relief, in white, two fern plants. H. 11 in. 
 
 98. 
 
 Vase," bottle-shaped, probably part of a narghili. Chinese 
 
 porcelain, covered externally with a dark brown glaze, on which 
 
 are moulded in low relief, in white, two strange plants. H. 
 
 10| in. 98a. 
 
 Compare Jaequemart and Le Blant, Plate xix, Fig. 1. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase, probably part of a narghili. Chinese 
 porcelain, covered with dark blue glaze, on which are moulded, 
 in white, two branches of prunus. H. 12^ in. 99. 
 
 Vase, with swelling body, and two lions' heads in relief as handles. 
 Chinese porcelain, covered with a greyish blue glaze, on which 
 are moulded in slight relief, in white, two vases containing 
 flowers. H. IQi in. 100. 
 
 Globular Jar, with narrow neck. Chinese pbrcelain, covered 
 with a greyish blue glaze, on which are moulded in slight relief, 
 in white, two vases containing flowers, insects, &c. H. 9J in. 
 
 101. 
 
 Pair of Bottles.. Chinese porcelain, covered externally with a 
 deep lavender glaze ; on the front is a prunus tree worked on 
 in slip, slightly raised. H. 9f in. 102. 
 
 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Section A. — Painted in Blue. 
 
 A large proportion of the specimeiis of Chinese porcelain 
 which have found their way into collections are decorated 
 simply in blue. We have already mentioned that the 
 colour is painted on the unburnt clay before the glazing 
 is applied, and that it assumes its brilliant appearance 
 under the influence of the furnace. It is to this, no doubt, 
 that it owes much of its charm, as the glaze preserves it 
 from injury, and gives the object a fresh and clean appear- 
 ance. It is probable that the earliest specimens of painted 
 decoration on porcelain were executed in blue alone, and 
 such paintings have retained their prestige among Chinese 
 collectors. Various kinds of blue are mentioned in the 
 History of King-te-chin, but most of those employed seem 
 to be different preparations of cobaltiferous ores of man- 
 ganese. Chinese writers state that in the period Ching-hwa 
 (1465-1488) the supply of the finest blue failed. It is 
 therefore likely that many of the specimens of fine blue 
 
SECTION A. PAINTED IN BLUE. 17 
 
 that bear the date of that period belong to a later time, 
 and most probably to the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. At 
 any rate, when we find such early dates on dishes, plates, 
 and other objects of European forms, we may conclude 
 that they are the productions of a far later time. 
 
 Blue and white porcelain has long been much esteemed 
 in Holland, where it furnished the models for much of the 
 glazed pottery made at Delft. In France but little atten- 
 tion seems to have been devoted to this class, and in 
 England, till lately, so little was it esteemed that innumer- 
 able specimens, including even those of high quality, were 
 hopelessly spoilt by being daubed over with red, green, and 
 gold (unfortunately burnt in), in order to render them 
 saleable. At the present moment, however, the collecting 
 of blue and white has become greatly in fashion in this 
 country, where probably it commands higher prices than 
 can be obtained elsewhere. 
 
 Pair op tall Vases. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 Chinese interiors, apparently state ceremonies ; on one of them 
 the Emperor is represented, surrounded by the personages of 
 his court, who are holding their sceptres before their faces ; 
 round the neck two bands of ornament. Mark of the period 
 Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.2.) H. 17^ in. [PI. I. 6.] 103. 
 
 Tall Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a Chinese in- 
 terior, apparently an Emperor and Empress seated on thrones, 
 with numerous attendants, at the door are horses ; on the neck 
 two branches of flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465- 
 1488. (3.3.) H. 181 in. [PI. I. 6.] 101. 
 
 Tall Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue ; a Chinese 
 scene containing various detached groups ; in one of them a figure 
 playing on an instrument ; in another a figure writing, several 
 looking at a scroll, &c. ; on the neck two branches of bamboo. 
 Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.2.) H. 18 in. 
 [PI. I. 6.] 105. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a pheasant on a rock, 
 from which springs a flowering plant ; in the sky two birds ; 
 narrow borders above. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465- 
 1488. (3.3.) H. 9 in. [PI. I. 6.] 106. 
 
 Beakee, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 on the body a grandee receiving the homage of a kneeling 
 person ; on the neck figures of warriors. H. 17^ in. 107. 
 
 C 2 
 
18 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Beaker, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; three ranges of subjects ; in the upper one a Chinese 
 interior with figures writing, below this a garden scene, and 
 at the bottom figures with poultry. Mark, a leaf. H. 18 in. 
 [PI. VIII. 91.] 108. 
 
 Beaker, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 on the upper part four panelSj enclosing, alternately, a landscape 
 with deer, and vases, &c. ; the lower range is similar, but the 
 vases are represented as though in leaf-like compartments, 
 with symbols beneath. Mark, a leaf. H. 18J in. [PI. VIII. 91.] 
 
 109. 
 
 Beaker, with swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 on the body and neck four panels enclosing Chinese domestic 
 scenes and ceremonies. H. 18 in. 110. 
 
 Beaker, with slightly swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; thirty-two panels enclosing Chinese groups of figures, 
 chiefly ladies and children, or flowers, placed alternately. Mark, 
 the leaf symbol. H. 20| in. [PI. VIII. 94.] 111. 
 
 Beaker, with slightly swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; thirty-two panels enclosing a flowering tree, all repeti- 
 tions of the same design ; the blue portions are shaded in parallel 
 lines. Mark, the leaf symbol. H. 19^ in. [PI. VIII. 94.] 
 
 112. 
 
 Beaker, with expanding mouth. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; a Chinese scene, in which are seven figures. H. 16^ in. 
 
 113. 
 
 Cylindrical Jar. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue of fine 
 colour ; groups of vases, some of them containing flowers, and 
 trees growing out of pots. H. 17 in. 114. 
 
 Pair op Cylindrical Jars. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 of various tints ; on the body a design in four bands, alternately 
 stiff arabesques in blue on a white ground, and patterns in 
 white on a pale blue ground ; of the latter the upper one con- 
 sists of two dragons holding up fanciful branches; on the 
 necks stiff leaves. H. 11 in. 115. 
 
 Cylindrical Jar, slightly widening at the lip. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue; rocks, flowers, and insects. H. 5^. 116. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; two figures on horse- 
 back pursuing a hare. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522- 
 1567. (3.3.) H. 8 in. [PI. I. 10.] 117. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; two horsemen with 
 shaven heads hunting hares. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 
 1522-1567. (3.8.) H, 8 in. [PI. I. 10.] 118. 
 
SECTION A, — PAINTED IN BLUE. 19 
 
 Pair of Vases. XJhinese porcelain, painted in blue ; four figures 
 of Chinese ladies. Mark, Chin, " A pearl." H. 3| in. [PI. V. 
 56.] 119. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain ; on the body are six flutes in relief, 
 painted in blue ; on each flute a plant growing out of rocks. 
 Mark Yuh, "Jade." H. 4^ in. [PL V. 55.] 120. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in dark blue ; two tigers in a 
 landscape ; at the back a bamboo plant growing out of a rock. 
 H. 17 in. 121. 
 
 Pair of oviform Vases. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 with landscapes, rocks, and water ; very white paste. H. 11-^ 
 in. 122. 
 
 Oviform Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a Chinese 
 landscape. H. 7f in. 123. 
 
 Pair of Jars, with covers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, 
 with birds on rocks; flowers on covers. H. 11 in. 124. 
 
 Pair of Beakers, with swelling centres. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; a bird on a rock, from which grows a flower- 
 ing plant. H. 9f in. 125. 
 
 Beaker, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 two birds on a rock, from which grows a flowering plant. H. 
 9f in. 126. 
 
 Beaker, witji wide mouth, and raised band towards the lower part. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a running pattern of flowers 
 and stems. H. 7f in. 127. 
 
 Beaker. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese scene ; 
 two figures, two tall trees, &c., in a landscape. H. 10^ in. 
 
 128. 
 
 Pair of Beakers, cylindrical, with very slightly indicated band 
 about a third from the base. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 rocks and flowers, on which a bird ; below, stiff scrolls and 
 flowers ; and still lower, leaves pointing downwards. H. 8| in. 
 
 129. 
 
 Four Beakers, with expanded tops. Chinese porcelain, painted, 
 in blue : on each four Chinese figures, a lady with female atten- 
 dant holding a large fan, and two men with presents covered 
 with cloths ; below flowers, rabbit, &c. Mark of the period 
 Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) H. 5\ in. [PL I. 7.] 130. 
 
 Pair of Beakers, square. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 in the centre is a quadrangular projection, on which are four 
 panels representing Chinese interiors, with two figures in each ; 
 they rest on an expanding foot painted with flowers growing 
 put of rocks ; the upper portions also expand to a still greater 
 
20 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 width, each panel of which is ornamented with growing plants, 
 birds, and insects ; at the top and bottom borders of lozenge 
 pattern. Mark, two figures. H. 10^ in. 131. 
 
 A similar pair is in the collection at Blenheim. 
 
 Vase, bottle-shaped. Chinese porcelain, with the four-clawed 
 dragon among clouds, faintly engraved in the paste, and filled 
 in with blue. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) 
 H. 7| in. [PI. I. 6.] 132. 
 
 Bottle, six-sided. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on each 
 side a quatrefoil medallion enclosing a fabulous animal ; the 
 remainder of the body ornamented with wicker pattern in 
 white on a blue ground ; above and below panels and borders 
 with stiff ornaments. Mark, in the seal. character, Fuh kwei 
 kia hi. " Fine vase for riches and honours." H. l3 in. [PI. 
 VI. 67.] 133, 
 
 Bottle, flattened, with two handles. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; on each side a peach tree and two storks ; borders of 
 wavy lines. Et. 11 in. 134. 
 
 Pair of Bottles, gourd-shaped, in two stages. Chinese porce- 
 lain, painted in blue; on the projecting portions are figures 
 and landscapes very rudely painted ; between them a band 
 with floral ornaments. H. \2\ in. 135. 
 
 Pair ov Bottles, with narrow necks. Chinese porcelain ; the 
 bodies are moulded in lobes in slight relief, and painted in 
 dark blue ; the lobes rudely represent pomegranates ; between 
 them a stiff floral pattern ; above this is a band of diaper with 
 white ilowers, interrupted in one bottle by two medallions with 
 water plants ; in the other by two panels with cicadas ; on the 
 neck is a stiif floral pattern, leaves with the points downwards, 
 and characters, apparently derived from ancient Sanscrit writing. 
 H. 11 in. 136. 
 
 Pair of Bottles, with very depressed bodies and narrow necks. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; stifi" flowers, from which 
 proceed minute tendrils forming a diapered ground. Mark of 
 the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (2.2.2.) H. 2f in. [PI. I. 
 5.] 137. 
 
 Pair of Bottles, gourd-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue; on the body five-leaved flowers; on the neck similar 
 flowers alternating with lozenges. Mark, a leaf. H. 6 in. 
 [PL VIII. 91.] 138. 
 
 Bottle, with long neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in deep 
 rich blue ; figures of Chinese horsemen, a man in boat, land- 
 scape, &c. H; &\ in. 139_ 
 
SKCTION A.- — PAINTED IN BLUI;. 21 
 
 Bottle, with straight neck. Chinese poiceiaiu, painted in blue ; 
 branches of chrysanthemum and formal flowers. Mark of the 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) H. 6 in. [PI. I. 7.] 
 
 140. 
 
 Bottle, with raised band on neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue, with nankin yellow lines round band of neck. The body 
 divided into four panels, containing alternately vases and land- 
 scapes ; on the neck-hand a diaper of concentric lozenges, inter- 
 rupted by three medallions with books, &c.; leaf-like ornaments 
 above, as well as a smaller neck-hand. H. 10 in. 141. 
 
 Speinklek, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; two large sprigs of leaves, and two spikes of flowers, 
 traUing downwards. H. 8^ in. 142. 
 
 Globulae Vase and Covbe. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 flowers and scrolls of chrysanthemum treated in a formal 
 manner. Curious coarse ware, probably very ancient. An 
 oriental silver knob on the coyer. H. 16^ in. 143. 
 
 Globulae Pot and Covbe. Chinese porcelain, ornamented with 
 flowering branches of the Chinese prunus (mei-hwa), in white 
 on a bright blue ground, divided into irregular polygons by 
 dark blue lines. H. 10^ in. 144. 
 
 Pair of Deep Bowls and Covers. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue in a formal pattern ; on the covers gilt figures of monsters 
 in relief. H. 10^ in., diam. 9 in. 145. 
 
 Ctlikdrical Vase, for writing materials. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; a title and 46 columns of Chinese vsriting, 
 each containing 19 words. The title reads Shin choo tih hien 
 chin sung, "An eulogy on the Emperors making choice of 
 virtuous ministers." At the end the writer's name in a seal in 
 red under glaze. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. 
 (2.2.2.) H. 6'4 in., diam. 8 in. [PI. II. 14.] 146. 
 
 Cylindeical Vase, for writing materials.. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue. A garden scene by moonlight ; six men seated 
 at a table, and two attendants ; a third of the outside is covered 
 v/ith a Chinese composition, in six columns. Mark, Wan chang 
 shan tow. "Scholarship lofty as the Hills and the Great 
 Bear." H. 5^- in. [Pl.V. 46.] 147. 
 
 These cylindrical Tossels are employed by the Chinese to hold their 
 pencils or brushes and other implements for -writing. As a specimen 
 of the style of the inscriptions to be found upon porcelain, it may be 
 desirable to give a translation of that on this example, which has 
 been kindly furnished by Professor Douglas : — " Heaven and earth 
 ." are the -wilful associates of orcition, [just as] light and darkness 
 " are the passing guests of a hundred generations. Fleeting hfe 
 " is like a dream ; how long do we enjoy it? It was this considera- 
 " tiou which made men in olden times trim the midnight lamp 
 " (literally, hold candles while the night sauntered on). And now, 
 " Yang Chun invites us with smoke to illuminate the world with 
 
22 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 " literature, to associate the fragrant gardens of the peach and the 
 " plum, and to talli of the happiness of a family gathering, and the 
 " eminent accomplishments of my younger brethren. All graciously 
 " join me, and as they chant and sing, I alone am ashamed ; as 
 " they become merry I in solitude rejoice. Before with loud talk they 
 " have evolved plainly [their meaning] a scholar's feast is spread, 
 " and, sitting amid the flowers, we pass the goblet quickly, and 
 •' drink till we are drunken. When the moon is not in its splendour 
 " how can one expatiate on it in ecstasy? But if the verses are not 
 " perfect we are fined the customary gold and the embarrassing 
 " wine." 
 
 Ink Apparatus. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. It consists 
 of an oblong slab for rubbing Indian ink, with a hole at one 
 end for water ; over this fits a loose cover, the top of which is 
 decorated with one square and two circular compartments, con- 
 taining Arabic inscriptions to the following purport : " Strive 
 for excellence in penmanship, for it is one of the keys of liveli- 
 hood," and the Persian word "Writing-case." The spaces 
 are filled with formal scrolls. Mark of the period, Ching-tih, 
 1506-1522. (3.3.) L. 9| in., W. 5^ in. [PI. I. 9.] 147a. 
 
 Pen-eest. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; oblong base from 
 which project five points diminishing in size from the central 
 one. Blue decoration of scrolls, with the Persian word 
 " Writing-case," divided into two panels. Mark of the period, 
 Ching-tih, 1506-1522. (3.3.) H. 4^ in., L. 9 in. [PI. I. 9.] 
 
 1476. 
 
 This specimen and the last are probably of the date with which they 
 are inscribed ; they were recently obtained in Pekin, and have 
 therefore been probably made for a Chinese Mahomedan, not for 
 exportation. 
 
 LowEK Paet or Nakghili. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; on the body four Chinese ladies, with trees between 
 them ; under the spout two rabbits. Mark in- blue, I-yew tang 
 chi. " Made at the I-yew Hall." H. 6 in. [PI. IV. 37.] 148. 
 
 Tall Eweb, with handle and straight spout. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; on the body two fanciful animals in an archaic 
 landscape ; above, a band with flowers ; grotesque figure on 
 spout ; band of flowers on handle. Mark, a hare. H. 134 in. 
 [PI. XIII. 165.] 149. 
 
 Ewer, with long straight spout. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; on each side a fountain with a kylin at the base ; around 
 the circular foot a pattern of sea-waves ; various ornaments on 
 neck, handle, and spout. Mark, a white hare on a blue ground 
 H. 12i in. [PI. XIII. 165.] 150. 
 
 EwEK, with long spout and broad handle. Chinese porcelain 
 painted in greyish blue with an archaic floral pattern. H. 
 lllii. 151. 
 
 Ewer, with long spout and broad handle ; cover surmounted by a 
 ring to attach it to a loop on the handle. Chinese porcelain 
 painted in blue ; on each side a medallion enclosing a branch of 
 
SECTION A. PAINTED IN BLUK. 23 
 
 fruit ; the rest of the decorations formal floral designs. Mark, 
 in the seal cbai-acter, of the period Keen-luug, 1736-1795. 
 H. llfin. [PI. III. 26.] 161o. 
 
 Ewer, with long spout and cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; on each side a quatrefoil enclosing vases and symbols; 
 between them symbols, and above a seal character for Show 
 "Longevity;" on the lid three symbols. H. 8 in. 162. 
 
 EvTER, with long spout and cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; on each side a leaf-shaped panel, enclosing a domestic 
 scene; on the cover two figures of boys. H. 8 in. 153. 
 
 Paik of Ewees, with covers. Chinese porcelain, of coarse paste, 
 painted in greyish blue j grotesque figures form the handles, 
 and there are scrolls in relief at the bases of the spouts; on the 
 bodies a band of blue circles with white stars ; above which 
 rudely painted landscapes, and borders of various patterns. H. 
 12 in. 154. 
 
 Pair op Tall Cylindrical Mugs or Tankards. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue. Chinese scenes ; on one a mandarin 
 with attendant holding a fan, and a boy carrying a load ; 
 on the other, two figures and a landscape ; borders of a running 
 floral pattern. H. 8 in. 1 55. 
 
 Jug and Cover. Chinese- porcelain, painted in blue; on the 
 body four ladies in a landscape ; on the lid a boy ; old mounting 
 in metal gilt. H. 5^ in. 156. 
 
 Bowl, with slightly raised centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue; inside in the centre a lantern (?) round which are the 
 Chinese cyclical characters ; around a four-clawed dragon and 
 a phcenix ; border of small octagonal panels ; outside six small 
 medallions with rude figures, and trailing branches of flowers, 
 simUar border to inside ; below the joa-Aiua or mystical lines. 
 Mark of the Sung dynasty, period Yuen-fung, 1078-1086. 
 H. 2| in., diam. 7 in. [PI. I. 2.] 157. 
 
 Octagonal Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside 
 a medallion, with three Chinese figures in a landscape, and 
 a border consisting of eight groups of plants, birds, &c. ; on the 
 outside eight panels with various scenes of Chinese life, and a 
 border similar to that of the inside. H. 6 in., diam. 9|- in. 
 
 158. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a medallion 
 with rock and trees, one of them the bamboo ; outside Chinese 
 garden scene, viz., a lady coming out of a house, three other 
 ladies, one with candle. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426- 
 1436. (3.3.) H. ^ in., diam. 1\ in. [PI. I. 5.] 159. 
 
 Pair of Basins, with wavy edges, and twelve raised lobes towards 
 the lower part. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; inside a 
 medallion with a Chinese lady seated; outside, four single 
 panels, in each of which a lady seated, and four double panels 
 
24 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POIICELAIN. 
 
 with children playing ; on each lobe a large flower. Mark, Ki 
 yuh poo ting vhi chin, " A gem among precious Tcssels of rare 
 jade." H. 4| in,, diara. 81 in. [PL IV. 42.] 160. 
 
 Basin, fluted in eight compartments. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; on the outside, in each compartment, a lady in 
 a landscape ; inside a medallion with two boys, and a narrow 
 border. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) 
 H. 3 in., diam. Q\ in. [PI. I. 6.] 161. 
 
 Bowl, with wavy edge, and recessed lobes in the lower part. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; sprigs of flowers and flower 
 branches. Mark, a five-leaved flower. Diam. 5;f in. [PL IX. 
 104.] 161a. 
 
 Pair of Bowls, with raised bogs in the centre of each, and a band 
 round the outside, of a key pattern, deeply indented. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue ; inside round the central bosses 
 eight symbols ; at the sides a figure carrying a basket of flowers 
 at the end of a pole, four times repeated ; outside four branches 
 of flowers. H. 3 in., diam. 7^ in. 162. 
 
 Pair of Fluted Bowls, with wavy edges. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; inside five detached flowers, and a border of 
 prunus flowers and symbols on a blue ground ; outside formal 
 pattern of flowers and symbols, alternating with standards ; 
 blue borders. Mark engraved in the paste, the word Fuh, 
 " Happiness," enclosed in a gourd. H. 4 in., diam. 7i in. 
 [PL VI. 75.] 163. 
 
 Basin'. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a medallion 
 with rock and flowers ; border of stifi" leaves and flowers ; out- 
 side four panels, two with groups of vases, &c., the other two 
 with rocks and flowers ; between them flowers, &c. Mark Fa, 
 " Prosperous." Mounted with two handles, in ormolu. H. 
 5 in., diam. 7J in. [PL VI. 73.] 164. 
 
 Pair of Bowls on Feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on 
 the outside a running pattern of flowers and leaves ; on the 
 feet a leafy design. H. 41 in., diam. 4^ in. 165. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a medallion 
 containing rock and plants ; outside a Chinese landscape, with 
 four ladies, one of them holding a candle. Mark of the period 
 Yung-chinor, 1723-1736. (2.2.2.) H. 3 in., diam. 71 in. 
 [PL II. 15.] "166. 
 
 This is exactly tlie same design as No. 159, and appeaVs quite as old. 
 
 Pair op Rice Boavls. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on 
 each the same design, viz., eight mythological figures, each 
 riding on an animal, probably ambassadors with gifts. Mark, 
 in the seal character, of the period Kea-king, 1796-1821. 
 (2.2.2.) H. 2i in., Diara.'5|in. [PL III. 28.] 167. 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 26 
 
 Basin, Coveu and Stand, with two pierced handles irnd a kuob. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on the bowl and stand 
 Chinese ladies in a landscape ; on the cover musical instru- 
 ments, &c. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3.3.) 
 Diam. 5^ in. and 8 in. [PI. II. 14.] 168. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a sage holding 
 a peach; outside, eight divinities, -with the god of longevity 
 riding on a stork. Mark, Lin-yuh tang chi. " Made at the 
 Lin-yuh hall." H. 3^ in., diam. 6^ in. [PL IV. 40.] 168a. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; the decoration con- 
 sists of detached sprigs of flowers. Mark, King-lien tang fang 
 ku chi. " Imitation of antiques made at the King-lien hall." 
 H. 3 in., diam. 6 in. [PI. IV. 41.] 168J. 
 
 Basin. Chinfese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside flowers grow- 
 ing out of rocks, and butterflies ; outside, rocks, plants, and 
 birds ; all coarsely painted. Mark, Shun-tih tang chi. " Made 
 at the Shun-tih Hall." H. 4 in., diam. 7 in. [PL IV. 35.] 
 
 168c. 
 
 Saucek-shaped Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a 
 phcenix standing before rocks and flowers ; clouds on back of 
 edges. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.) 
 Diam. 12| in. [PI. I. 5.] 169. 
 
 Saucee-shapbd Dish, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; in the centre a medallion enclosing a fan- 
 shaped panel with the figure of a lady, and a plant growing out 
 of a vase, surrounded by eight symbols, the whole within a 
 border of openwork ; the sides are ornamented with eleven 
 triangular blue compartments, with white floral patterns ; on 
 the back six symbols. Mark, a flower. Diam. 15 in. [PL 
 VIII. 95.] 170. 
 
 Saucer Dish, the border recessed into twenty-four panels of various 
 widths. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 Chinese subject ; on the border eight symbols divided by 
 flowers ; near the edge, flowers and leaves, Diam. 10| in. 
 
 171. 
 
 Sauceh Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; vases, flowers, 
 tablet:, and other objects ; blue border. Mark, the shell symbol. 
 Diam. 11 in. [PL VII. 80.] • . 172. 
 
 Two Saucek Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; five 
 medallions with Chinese landscapes ; between them the ground 
 has a floral pattern, raised under the glaze ; border of blue 
 qualrefoils ; brown edges. Diam. 1 1 in. 17 3. 
 
 Saucee Dish. Chinese porcelain ; large flowers, moulded in 
 slight relief under the glaze ; in the centre a flower and 
 circle painted in blue; blue quatrefoil border; brown edge. 
 Diam. 8| in. 174. 
 
26 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Two Saucee Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; a 
 basket containing flowers ; border of quatrefoil pattern inter- 
 rupted by four compartments, with flowers ; on the outside, 
 branches of fruit. Mark in the seal character. Diam. 8J in. 
 [PL VI. 77.] ' 175. 
 
 Two Savcek Dishes, the sides divided into nine lobes. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a grasshopper, rocks, 
 and flowers ; on each lobe rocks and plants ; on the outside 
 nine flower sprigs : brown edges. Diam. 9 in. 176. 
 
 Eight Saucek Dishes of fine quality, with wavy edges and 
 fourteen depressed foliations in the border. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; in the centre of each a varied Chinese subject, 
 probably scenes from the life of a philosopher ; in the foliations 
 are alternately a flower and a symbol ; border of detached sprigs ; 
 on the outside are detached sprigs on each foliation, above 
 which alternate flowers and symbols. Mark of the period 
 Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 8i in. [PI. I. 6.] 
 
 177- 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges and fom'teen depressed folia- 
 tions in the border. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in 
 the centre Chinese flgures, viz., a child between two ladies ; in 
 each foliation a rose ; border of detached sprigs ; on the out- 
 side detached flowers on each foliation, and seven symbols 
 placed alternately with a Chinese character. Mark of the 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 8^ in. [PI. I. 
 6.] 178. 
 
 Two Saucek Dishes, with wavy edges, and borders moulded in 
 sixteen flutes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre 
 Chinese subjects, two figures on horseback pursuing a hare, one 
 of them is shooting with a bow and an-ow, in the foreground a 
 dog; border of a stiff pattern, with eight symbols in the spaces; 
 on the outside a flower sprig on each flute. Mark of the period 
 Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 6.] 
 
 179. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, and borders moulded in 
 sixteen flutes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 Chinese subjects, an argher on horseback shooting a rabbit, and 
 a lady on horseback, with a falcon on her wrist ; border of a 
 stifle pattern, with eight symbols in the spaces : on the outside 
 a flower sprig on each flute. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 
 1465-1488. Diam. 7f in. [PI. I. 6.] 180. 
 
 Two Saucek Dishes, with wavy edges, iuul sixteen depressed folia- 
 tions in the borders. Chinese porcelain, painted in-blue ; in the 
 centre Chinese figures ; a youth kneeling before a seated figure of 
 a sage ; in the foliations are alternately a flower and a symbol ; 
 boi'der of eight compartments, containing flowers; on the outside 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 27 
 
 .1 symbol on the alternate foliations, and compartments containing 
 branches of fruit. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1466-1488. 
 (3. 3.) .Diam. 6i in. [PI. I. 6.] 181. 
 
 Saucee Dish, with wavy edge and six double and twelve 
 single depressed foliations in the border. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue. In the centre a circular medallion, containing a 
 flower pattern ; in the foliations stiif flowers ; border of quatre- 
 foil diaper interrupted by six storks ; on the foliations outside, 
 stiff flowers. Mark, Tseu-shun mei-yuh tang chi. " Made at 
 the Tseu-shun Hall of beautiful jade." Diam. 8J in. [PI. IV. 
 32.] 181a. 
 
 Two Sadcer Dishes, with wavy edges, with eight double and 
 eight single depressed foliations in the sides. Chinese porce- 
 lain, painted in blue; in the centre detached flowers ; in the 
 single foliations a small flower, in the others a hypericum 
 flower ; border of flowering branches ; on the outside two small 
 flowers on each double foliation ; above flowering branches. Mark 
 of Lhe period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 7^ in. 
 [PL I. 6.] 182. 
 
 Two Saucee Dishes, with wavy edges, with eight double and 
 eight single depressed foliations in the borders. Chinese porce- 
 lain, painted in blue ; in the centre detached flowers ; in the 
 single foliations a small flower, in the others a flower sprig; 
 border of flowering branches ; on the outside two flowers on the 
 alternate foliations ; above flowering branches. Mark of the 
 period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3. 3.) Diam. 1\ in. [PI. II. 
 14.] 183. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, with sixteen flutes in the 
 sides. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 Chinese subject, viz., two ladies and a flower pot ; border of 
 quatrefoil pattern, interrupted by four compartments contain- 
 ing flowers ; on the outside a sprig on each foliation. Mark 
 Ki yuh -poo ting chi chin " A gem among precious vessels of rare 
 jade." Diam. 7| in. [PI. IV. 42.] 184. 
 
 Small Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a medallion, with a large flower, from which radiate eight com- 
 partments enclosing flowers ; running scroll border, beyond 
 which eight panels enclosing flowers. Mark, a symbol. Diam. 
 6Ain. [PI. VII. 81.] 185. 
 
 Pair op Saucee Dishes, with edges indented in gadroons. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a medallion, 
 with plants growing out of rocks ; the gadroons outlined in 
 blue and filled in with flowers. Mark, a flower. Diam. 6i in 
 [PI. VIII. 95.] 186. 
 
28 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POBOELAIN. 
 
 Pair of Large Saitceks. Chinese porcelain, pg.iiited in blue; 
 Chinese figures in a landscape, two ladies, a man and a boy, in 
 front of a building. Mark of the period Yung-ching, 1723- 
 1736. (3. 3.) Diam. 7f in. ' [PI. II. 15.] 187. 
 
 Large Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; Chinese 
 subject, viz., a landscape, with a gentleman riding and a lady 
 in a wheel-chair, with her attendants ; outside a lozenge border, 
 interrupted by four panels, enclosing plants. Mark, in the seal 
 character, Jo shin chin tsang " Deep like a treasury of gems." 
 Diam. 6^ in. [PI. VI. 70.] 188. 
 
 Sal'cbr Dish. Chinese porcelain, coarsely painted in blue with 
 rude flowers. Mark Chin yuh, " Precious jade." Probably a 
 copy from a very ancient piece. Diam. 7^ in. [PI. V. 50.] 
 
 189. 
 
 Deep Saucer Dish, Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the 
 centre a large character probably copied from ancient Sanscrit ; 
 border composed of three rows, repetitions of another character, 
 probably an imitation of Sanscrit ; on the outside the Chinese 
 word Su " Ti-anquillity " three times repeated. Mark indistinct, 
 in the seal character. Diam. 8 in. 190. 
 
 Deep Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 in the centre an eightfoU medallion, enclosing a Chinese lands- 
 cape, a hare, bird, trees, &c., round the side are eight large com- 
 partments divided by eight narrow ones ; in the former alter- 
 nately plants and emblems, and in the latter knots. Diam. 
 IQ^in. ^ 191. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in dark blue ; in the centre a 
 panel with eight points, with a grasshopper on rocks, from which 
 spring plants, the spaces around filled alternately with scale 
 work and fret pattern ; the border divided into sixteen com- 
 partments of unequal width, with instruments, flowers, and 
 diapers ; on the outside a running floral scroll in blue. Mark, 
 Tiwew, "Complete." Diam., 8^ in. [PL V. 59.] 191a. 
 
 Pair of very Deep Dishes, with scalloped edges. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a circular medallion 
 with woman and child, from which proceed six lobes, alternately 
 decorated with a prunus-tree, and with two seated figures ; the 
 spaces between are filled with key and chevron pattern. Diam. 
 10^ in. 192. 
 
 Two Deep Dishes, with wavy edges. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; in the centre a large medallion, with a Chinese warrior 
 on horseback pursuing another, each attended by a standard 
 bearer ; from this proceed six semicircular compartments,, in 
 each of which a warrior and standard bearer ; the spaces between 
 are filled with chevron and key patterns ; outside six panels, 
 
SECTION A. PAINTED IN BLUE. 29 
 
 enclosing a quati'efoil design, and beyond these four growing 
 plants. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) 
 Diam. 13|in. [PI. I. 6.] • 193. 
 
 Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the 
 centre a medallion with an archaic ilower, surrounded by twelve 
 lobes with a growing plant in each, from this proceed twelve 
 similar lobes extending to the edge ; in the spaces quatrefoil 
 diaper. Mark, the leaf symbol. Diam. 15 in. [PI. VIII. 94. ] 
 
 194. 
 
 Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue ; 
 the centre filled with a minute running pattern of flowers ; on 
 the border eight detached flower branches. Mark of the period 
 Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 14i in. [PI. I. 6.] 
 
 195. 
 
 Path of Dishes, with narrow borders. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; a Chinese subject, viz., a house in which is a man 
 playing on a musical instrument, and a boy crouching before 
 him ; outside a garden with 'two ladies ; inner border of a 
 quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing 
 symbols; outer border, bamboo plants and flowers. Diam. 11;^ in. 
 
 196. 
 
 Pair of Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the 
 centre a Chinese subject, a soldier taking a lady away, and an 
 old mandarin in the porch of a building ; narrow border of a 
 quatrefoil pattern, interrupted by four flowers and four panels 
 enclosing sjrmbols ; on the rim a broad border of a quatrefoil 
 pattern, interrupted by four medallions enclosing literary 
 emblems and plants ; brown edges. Diam. 14f in. 197. 
 
 Deep Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue ; in the centre 
 a tree of the finger citron and a bamboo ; round this a broad 
 band of six-foil pattern, interrupted by four medallions, en- 
 closing rolls and literary emblems ; from this spring four 
 branches of flowers, extending to the edge of dish ; on the 
 back four fungi. Diam. 17^ in. 198. 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a vase 
 with flowers and emblems ; on border floral pattern. Diam. 
 15|in. 199, 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a scroll 
 of flowers on which is placed a vase containing rolls, &c. ; 
 border of flowers growing out of symbols. Diam. 13^ in. 
 
 200. 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre portions 
 of trees ; on the border four floral branches with fans, &c. 
 Diam. 131 in. 201. 
 
30 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a basket 
 of flowers within a framework ; narrow border of a quatrefoil 
 pattern, interrupted by foui- medallions containing flowers ; on 
 the rim four patches of flowers, outer border of circles enclosing 
 lozenges. Diam. 13^ in. 202. 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; a landscape with 
 Chinese house and balustrade ; irregular border. Diam. 14^ in. 
 
 203. 
 
 Octagonal Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a garden 
 with fir-tree and two storks ; brown edge. Diam. 12^ in. 204. 
 
 Two Dishes, with wavy edges, the sides having slightly 
 moulded lines forming two sots of irregular panels running in 
 opposite directions ; Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the 
 centre flowers growing out of rockwork ; in each panel of the 
 border a flower sprig. Diam. lOf in. 205. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 Chinese interior with three ligures, two seated and one standing ; 
 border of a quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by six medallions 
 enclosing flowers ; on the outside two landscapes. Mark of the 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam. lOJ in. [PI. I. 6.] 
 
 206. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with Chinese 
 siibjects ; in the centre a house with a lady and gentleman, two 
 boys outside; border of eight ladies in various attitudes; outside 
 detached flowers ; underneath, flowers drawn in outline forming 
 a circular patch. Diam. 10 in. 207. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with Chinese 
 subjects; in the centre a house with a lady and gentleman and 
 boys ; in the border eight figures in a continuous landscape, 
 one of them reclining on a mat; outside detached flowers. 
 Diam. 10^ in. 208. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, with circulai- raised centres 
 painted in blue ; in the centre Chinese subject, six figm'es of 
 men in a building ; around this four flowering plants ; border 
 of Chinese figures in landscapes ; on the outside rich border of 
 flowers and scrolls. Diam. 8| in. 209. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a medallion with a stifi" pattern, enclosed in a broad band of 
 blue, ornamented with scale work and flowers ; outer border 
 of plants. Mark, a lozenge-shaped symbol. Diam. 9i in. 
 [PI. VII. 84.] "210. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a singular flower with a palm branch on each side ; border of 
 large and strange flowers, including a passion flowei-. Mark, a 
 leaf. Diam. lOJin. [PI. VIII. 91.] 211. 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 31 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain', painted in blue; in the centre a 
 medallion containing ivy leaves, around it a broad band of 
 similar leaves ; border divided into twenty-four compartments, 
 with a flower in each. Mark in the seal character, indistinct. 
 Diam. 11 in. -' 212. 
 
 Three Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a large flower surrounded by leaves of a creeper, perhaps ivy ; 
 border of similar leaves. Mark in the seal character, indistinct. 
 Diam. 9f in, 213. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a chrysanthemum surrounded by a running floral pattern; border 
 of four half chrysanthemums and similar running pattern. 
 Mark, a lozenge-shaped symbol. Diam. lOf in. [PI. VII. 83.] 
 
 214. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 branch in archaic style ; border of similar flowers. Mark in the 
 seal character, Pao, " Precious," or Shan-wang, " Mountain 
 Kuig." Diam. 10^ in. [PI. V. 62.] 215. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 two large chrysanthemums springing from a rock ; border of 
 rocks and flowers. Mark, a four-legged vase. Diam. 10 in. 
 [PI. IX. 112.] 216. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 medallion enclosing a flower, out of which grow four flowering 
 plants, extending over the border. Mark, a lozenge-shaped 
 symbol. Diam. 10^ in. ' [PI. VII. 82.] 217. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 medallion with formal pattern, from which spring three rocks 
 with flowers extending over the border ; brown edge. Diam. 
 lOJ in. - 218. 
 
 FouE Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 basket of flowers; border with four plants growing out of rocks, 
 having floral sprigs between them. Mark, a four-legged vase. 
 Diam. 10 in., lOf in. [PI. IX. 112.] 219. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a basket of flowers ; border with four plants growing out of 
 rocks and filling all the space. Mark, a four-legged vase. 
 Diam. 10 in. [PI. IX. 112.] 220. 
 
 FouE Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the ceiilre 
 a basket of flowers ; border with four plants growing out of 
 rocks and floral sprigs between them. Diam. llj in., 10^ 
 in. 221. 
 
 A 167. " 
 
32 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a plain basket of flowers ; border foijr groups of small 
 flowers. Mark in the seal character. Diam. lOJ in, [PL VI. 
 76.] 222. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 large basket of flowers ; on the border branches of prunus. 
 Mark, the symbol of two fishes. Diam. 8^ in, [PI. VII. 86.] 
 
 '223. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a 
 running pattern of flowers, surrounded by a band of quatrefoil 
 pattern, interrupted by four medallions enclosing flowers ; border 
 of scroll work. Mark, the symbol of two fishes. Diam. 8^ in. 
 [PI. VII. 87.] 223a. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in' blue ; in the centre a 
 formal pattern of flowers, within a narrow edging ; border of 
 flower branches. Mark, a leaf. Diam. lOf in. [PL VIII. 91.] 
 
 224. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 flowers growing out of rocks ; border of flower branches. 
 Diam. 10 j in. 225. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a smalL flower in a medallion, surrounded by other flowers ; 
 border four floral branches ; brown edges. Diam. lOf in. 226. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 groups of vases, &c. ; border of bamboo leaves and stem ; brown 
 edges. Diam. 11 in. 227. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre portion 
 of a screen, or railing, and flowers ; border of bamboo leaves and 
 stems ; brown edges. Diam. lOf in. 228. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a 
 bamboo and two plants ; border of a denticulated pattern. 
 Diam. lOf in. 229. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 two men on horseback in a landscape ; border four branches 
 of flowers, and narrow outer border ; brown edges. Diam. 
 1 1 in. 230. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; across it a scroll on 
 which are represented vases, &c. ; the ground filled in with 
 ■ formal flowers ; narrow border ; brown edge. Diam, 1 1 in. 
 
 231. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a tall 
 bamboo and two chrysanthemum flowers, surrounded by four 
 symbols; border of circles containing lozenges. Diam. 11 in. 
 
 232. 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 33 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre flowers 
 growing out of rocks j quatrefoil border interrupted by flowers. 
 Diam. 11 in. 233. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a vase and flowers ; narrow border of a quatrefoil pattern and 
 flowers, interrupted by four compartments containing flowers ; 
 outer border of flowers and symbols combined; blue band next 
 rim; brown edges. Diam. 11 in. 234. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, with wavy edge, painted in greyish 
 blue ; in the centre plants growing out of rocks ; border eight 
 projecting lobes, enclosing stiff flowers, and relieved by a ground 
 of scrolls. Diam. 101 in. 23.5. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre plants 
 growing out of rocks ; inner border of quatrefoil diaper, inter- 
 rupted by six medallions with flowers ; beyond three branches 
 of flowers, and outside a quatrefoil edge. Diam. 10|^. 236. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, paintfed in blue ; in the centre a 
 panel enclosing bamboo stems and peonies ; border of flowering 
 branches, quatrefoil edging next to the rim ; brown edge. 
 Diam. 11. 237. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre an old 
 tree, with a bird, and a pot of flowers ; two narrow borders of 
 a quatrefoil pattern. Diam. 10|^ in. 238. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 large medallion, enclosing a Chinese subject, a man with animals 
 sitting under a bamboo ; two narrow borders of a quatrefoil 
 pattern. Diam. 11 in. 239. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a 
 circular pattern composed of a large flower with scroll-like 
 leaves; narrow quatrefoil border. Diam. 11;^ in. 240. 
 
 Two Plates, octagonal. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; an 
 eight-foil star, with flower in centre, and a lotus fl.ower painted 
 on each foil ; border of herring-bone pattern. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 241. 
 
 Two So DP Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the 
 centre a peony plant and bird ; inner border of six-foil pattern, 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing fish ; outer border of 
 plants and aquatic birds ; brown edge. Diam. 8f in. 242. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre small 
 medallion with grovring plants, surrounded by a double border 
 and twelve compartments containing plants; border formed of 
 twelve similai- compartments. Mark, the pearl symbol. Diam. 
 Si in. [PI. VII. 79.] 242«, 
 
 D 2 
 
34 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a dragon, with the 
 head rising from the sea, before it a fish ; border of a wave 
 pattern; at the back four symbols. Mark, the knot symbol. 
 Diam. 8J in. [PI. IX. 107.] 242S. 
 
 Pair of Plates, with band of openwork round the sides. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a six foil pattern with 
 flowers ; on the rims three flower branches, and three medallions 
 enclosing flowers, ; outside three symbols. Mark, a Hng or three- 
 legged vase. Diam., 6;^ in. [PL IX. 110.] 242c. 
 
 Small Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a landscape with two deer, a grotesque monkey climbing a tree, 
 and holding a stick, with which it is apparently striking a bee's- 
 nest ; border of hexagons, interrupted by four medallions en- 
 closing fruit. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. 
 Diam. 51 in. [PL L 6.] 242rf. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre 
 a fish in a stormy sea with clouds above ; on the border the 
 seal character, Fufi, " Happiness," eight times repeated ; on the 
 back eight symbols. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465- 
 1488. Diam. 6i in. [PL I. 6.] 243. 
 
 CiBCULAE Stand on tall Foot. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; round the rim an interlacing pattern ; on the foot is repre- 
 sented the sea, a fish, and a five-clawed dragon. Mark of the 
 period Keen-lung, 1736-1795, in the seal character, written in 
 a horizontal line. H. 1\ in., diam. 9 in. [PI. III. 26.] 244. 
 
 Flat Stand on ciecular Foot. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; in the centre an hexagonal medallion with flower, from 
 which spring twelve compartments containing alternately a 
 diaper and a flower or vase ; outer border of white prunus 
 flowers on a blue ground. H. 2| in., diam. 6f in. 245. 
 
 Pair 01' Strainers, in the iorm of a seven-pointed star, on three 
 feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. Diam. 8 in. 246. 
 
 Tazza-shapkd Salt Cellar, fluted, Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; in the bowl a bird ; border of trailing flowers. 
 H 2\ in., diam. 4^ in. 247. 
 
 Tazza-shaped Sa.lt Cellar, moulded in gadroons. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue, with leaves and flowers. H. 2\ in., 
 diam. A^ in. 248. 
 
 Two Tazza-shaped Salt Cellars, with scalloped edges. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with flowers. H. 2 in., diam. 
 3| in. 249. 
 
 Tazza-shaped Salt Cellar. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; in the bowl, vase, books, &c. ; outside, flowers. H. 2J 
 in., diam. 3 in. 250. 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUB. 35 
 
 Two Hexagonal Salt Cellars, with pierced fianels at the 
 sides, and three feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two 
 cocks and flowers. H. 2^ in., diam. 3^ in. 251. 
 
 Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; six medal- 
 lions, enclosing ilowers, with basket work in low relief between 
 them ; blue border; round the foot lobes enclosing clouds ; in- 
 side fungi. Diam. 3^ in. 252. 
 
 Cup and Saucek. Chinese porcelain (unusually thin), painted 
 in blue ; in the centre of the saucer a medallion with a iiower, 
 around which a double range of twelve panels, each enclosing 
 similar sprigs ; same decoration on cup. Diam. 3| in., 5 in. 
 
 253. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue j two ladies and two 
 trees. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.) Diam. 
 2f in. [PI. I. 5.] 254. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese 
 lady seated and boy ; borders of symbols. Mark of the period 
 Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) Diam. 2^ in., 4 in. [PI. I. 
 7.] 255. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with 
 flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) 
 Diam. 2^ in., 3f in. [PI. I. 7.] 256. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; figure of 
 a lady and boy; blue borders; inside the cup a landscape. 
 Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) Diam. 2^ 
 in., 4 in. [PL I. 7.J 257. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; on the 
 cup fishes and water plants ; on the saucer flowers. Mark of 
 the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. Diam. 2f in. [PI. I. 10.] 
 
 258. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two ladies, a willow 
 tree, and a flower-pot. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661- 
 1722. (3.3.) Diam. 2^ in. [PI. II. 14.] 259. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; with three dragons, 
 each bent into a circular form. Mark, Yuh, " Jade." Diam. 
 2iin. [P1.V. 55.] 260. 
 
 Cup. Thin Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; water plants and 
 ducks. Mark, ^aw wmA, " Rare jade." Diam. 2^ in. [PI. V. 
 49.] 261. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 four pairs of ladies, with a plant between them. Four different 
 marks in Chinese characters, viz., Kwoh, " National ;" Shing, 
 " Holy ; " Shtrw, « Longevity ; " and Shun, " J;lega^t," [PI. V. 
 51,54,58,60.] 262. 
 
36 CnAStJ IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Sauceii. Chinese porcelain, paiated in blue; with figures of 
 Chinesf; warriors; one of them on horseback carrying off a 
 lady. Mark, aVAkm, " Elegant." Diam.4in. [PI. V. 51.] 263. 
 
 Saucbk. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese figures ; 
 one of them a warrior carrying off a lady. Mark, Yuh, " Jade." 
 Diam. 3J in. [PI. V. 55.] 264. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a boy 
 at a table, around which four figures on horseback engaged in 
 the chase. Mark, Ki-yuh tang chi, " Made at the Ki-yuh Hall." 
 Diam. 4^ in. [PI. IV. 39.] ' 265. 
 
 Saucbk or Diminutive Plate, with scalloped edge. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue ; formal patterns ; four symbols at the 
 back. Mark, Ki-yuh tang chi, " Made at the Ki-yuh Hall." 
 Diam. 4^ in. [PI. IV. 39.] 266. 
 
 Two Saucers, with raised sockets. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; lady seated and boy dancing ; blue border of lozenge 
 pattern, interrupted by four medallions of flowers. Mark, Ki 
 chinjoo yuh, " A jem rare as jade." Diam. 4 in. [PI. V. 45.] 
 
 267. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; lady seated, and 
 boy dancing ; border of lozenge pattern, interrupted by four 
 medallions of flowers. Mark, Ki chinjoo yuh, "A jem rare as 
 jade." [PL V. 45.] 267a. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; an eight-leaved 
 flower with figures of ladies and plants placed alternately on the 
 petals ; at the back four symbols. Mark, Luh, " Prosperity." 
 Diam. 4 in. [PI. V. 52.] 268. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, with flutes in relief, painted 
 in blue ; four compartments, in two of which fighting cocks, 
 and in the other two flowers. Mark in the seal character. 
 Diam. 2| in., A\ in. [PI. V. 63.] 269. 
 
 Pair of Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; 
 with six embossed lobes, each ornamented with a fish ; border 
 of quatrefoil pattern. Diam. 2| in., 4J in. 270. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a phcenix 
 and flowers. Mark on cup in the seal character. Diam. 3 in., 
 4i in. 271. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese figures, a man 
 and a woman in boat, and two men at a feast ; inside, a pair of 
 fish. Diam. 2\ in. 272. 
 
 Cup and vSaucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; four 
 pendent ornaments with flowers between ; on the back of the 
 saucer four symbols. Mark on cup, /??»()' "Exalted" (?); on 
 saucer, Ku, " Antique." Diam. 2 in., 3| in. [PI. V. 53, 57.] 
 
 272a. 
 
SKCTION A.— PAIKTED IN BLUE. 37 
 
 Cup ajsd Sadcee. Chinese poreeluin, paiuted iu blue ; two Chi- 
 nese figures and a stag. Diam. 2^ in., 3| in. 273. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; two 
 ladies on a terrace, a man in a house playing on the kin, in the 
 sky constellations. Diam. 2\ in. 274. 
 
 Cup and Saucer, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in dark blue ; radiating pattern of eight asterjike plants. Diam. 
 3 in., 4| in. 274a. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two phoenixes ; the 
 ground covered with flowers and scrolls. Mark of the period 
 Yung-ching, 1723-1736. Diam. 31 in. [PL II. 15.] 275. 
 
 Cup and Saucee. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; inside 
 flowers and insects ; the outside plain blue, engraved with 
 branches of fruit and birds, probably added in Europe. Diam. 
 2i in., 41 in. 276. 
 
 Two Saucees. Chinese porcelain, of a dead white, painted in 
 blue ; two quails and a flowering tree ; indented edge gilt. 
 Diam. 4^ in. 277. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain, of a quatrefoil form ; on the exterior, 
 on each side, a branch with leaves and flowers in high relief; 
 inside, around rim, a band of blue with quatrefoils ; in the 
 bottom a butterfly in blue. H. 1^ in. ; diam. 2| in., 2^ in. 
 
 278. 
 
 Quadrangular Seal. Chinese porcelain; a circular device of 
 cypher unglazed ; the top and sides painted in blue, with 
 archaic floral pattern. H. 1| in., W. 1 in. 279. 
 
 Section B. — Painted in Blub with other Colours 
 
 UNDER THE GlAZE. 
 
 Vase, six-sided, of a barrel shape. Chinese porcelain, with orna- 
 ments in low relief on a deep buff ground, consisting of vases, 
 weapons, &c., picked out in blue and dark brown under the 
 glaze. Mark, in blue, of the period Hung-woo, 1368-1399. 
 (2.2.) H. 8^ in. [PI. I. 3.] 280. 
 
 Bottle, with straight neck and globular body ; designs in 
 very low relief. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, greenish 
 yellow, and brown, all under glaze ; on the body and upper 
 part of neck Chinese landscapes ; on the lower part of neck 
 two flowering branches. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, l'-]26- 
 1436. (3.3.) H. 15^ in. [PL I. 5.] 281. 
 
 Vase, gourd-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and deep 
 red under the glaze ; a goddess, perhaps Si Wang Mu, appearing 
 in clouds, and below a man in a devout attitude. Mark, in the 
 seal character, of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. H. 12^ in. 
 [PL I. 5.] 282. 
 
38 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Vase and Covek. Chinese porcelain, celadon green, painted in 
 blue and maroon; a bamboo, flowering plants, and insects. 
 H. 7\ in. 283. 
 
 Beakee, with swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 
 blue, liver colour, and maroon, under the glaze ; eight horses, 
 
 trees, rocks, &c. H. 17^ in. 284. 
 
 These are evidently the eight famous horses of the monarch Muh 
 
 Wang of the Chow dynasty. 
 
 Vase, with two handles in the form of elephants' heads. Chinese 
 porcelain ; sea-green ground; with broad band of red flowers 
 under the glaze, bordered with blue patterns.- Mark, in the 
 seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. H. 12|in. 
 [PI. III. 26.] 285. 
 
 Bottle, cylindrical, with bulbous neck. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; two panels enclosing baskets of flowers ; band 
 of dark nankin yellow round neck. H. 7f in. 286. 
 
 Paie of Bottles, with narrow necks (sprinklers). Chinese 
 porcelain, dark bufl"; with three medallions of chrysanthemum 
 flowers painted in blue. H. 8 in. 287. 
 
 Bottle, with bulbous neck. Chinese poi-celain, painted in blue 
 and maroon under glaze ; flowers, and a branch of the prunus, 
 on which is perched a bird. H. 7f in. 288. 
 
 Pair of Bottles, with narrow necks. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 with three monsters in liver colour, with blue eyes, all under 
 glaze. H. 7i in. 289. 
 
 Pair op Bottles, of a gourd shape, contracted in the middle. 
 Chinese porcelain ; the upper part painted in blue, with vases, 
 flowers, &c. ; the lower part with a broad band of deep nankin 
 colour. H. 6J in. 290. 
 
 Jug and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, red, and 
 lemon colour, all under glaze ; on the body flowers growing out 
 of rocks, and above straight sprigs ; on the cover a flower. 
 Mounted in silver. Mark, Chin wan, " Precious rarity." H. 5^ in 
 [PI. V. 48.] igi". 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, on which is painted a lion in 
 clouds, playing with a pearl, fiom which seems to proceed a 
 long scroll; all in blue except part of the hair of the lion, which 
 is brown under glaze; bottom unglazed. Diam. 11 in. 292. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon 
 under the glaze. A dragon with four claws, playing with a 
 pearl, in clouds ; the tail of the dragon extending over the edge ; 
 bottom unglazed. Diarn. ll^in, 292a, 
 
SECT. B. — PAINTED IN BLUE, ETC. UNDER THE GLAZE. 39 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chiuese porceLain, painted in blue witli a yellow 
 ground ; in the centre a medallion enclosing a formal flower 
 witli leaves; outside a running pattern of large flowers. Mark 
 of the period Seuen-tih, 1427-1436. (3.3.) Diam. 8 in. 293. 
 
 In the history of King-te-chin (p. 200) are mentioned vases of the 
 Seuen-tih period, with flowers on a yellow ground. 
 
 Saiicee Dish. Chinese porcelain, with two flowers growing out 
 of rocks, slightly raised, and painted blue ; ground covered with 
 a deep nankin glaze. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465- 
 1488. (3.3.) Diam. 8 in. [PI. I. 6.] 294. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue with 
 nankin yellow backs ; in the centre a flower ; narrow border of 
 diagonal lines. Mark, a circle enclosing a formal flower. Diam.- 
 8f in. [PI. IX. 103.] 295. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with 
 nankin yellow backs ; in the centre a formal flower surrounded 
 by a stiflT pattern. Mark, a leaf symbol. Diam. 8^ in. [PL 
 VIII. 94.] " 296. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blucj with nankin 
 yellow back ; in the centre a formal flower surrounded by a stiff 
 pattern. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 8^ in. [PI. VIII. 97"] 297. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with nankin 
 yellow back ; in the centre a formal flower suri-ounded by 
 a stiff pattern. Mark, a lozenge-shaped symbol. Diam. 8^ in. 
 [PI. VII. 82.] 298. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain ; within are branches of flowers 
 painted in blue ; the outside with a bright brown glaze. Mark, 
 the symbol of Urn fishes. Diara. 8 in. [PI. VII. 85.] 299. 
 
 Pahj of Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain ; the outsides 
 coated with a brown glaze ; the insides with sprigs and flowers 
 painted in dark blue. Diam. 3 in., 4| in. 300. 
 
 Pair oe Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 with crabs, fishes, and water plants ; the insides of the cups and 
 under edge of the saucers of a pale celadon green. Mark, an 
 insect. Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. [PI. IX. 108.] 301. 
 
 Section C. — Painted in Colours over the Glaze. 
 
 The specimens included under this head are decorated 
 with colours painted on after the glazing has been com- 
 pleted, and burnt in at a lower temperature, though occa- 
 sionally we find portions of the decoration which have been 
 previously executed in blue or other colours under the 
 glaze. 
 
40 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 It "would be endless to describe all the varieties of style 
 "wldch this kind of porcelain presents. It will be sufficient 
 to notice the principal classes into which it has been divided 
 by M. Jacquemart (Hist, de la Cdramique, 1875, p. 70), 
 although he includes specimens which appear to me Japa- 
 nese, and omits others unquestionably Chinese. 
 
 I. Famille chrysanthemo-pceonienne, so called from the 
 prevalence of the flowers of the chrysanthemum and peony. 
 A rich style, somewhat archaic, the pieces often massive. 
 Most of the specimens, however, thus classed appear to me 
 to be Japanese, notwithstanding that some of them bear 
 Chinese dates. A very few specimens, for instance, 
 Nos. 376-383, are probably Chinese copies from Japanese, 
 perhaps made to order for the European market. Some 
 persons may even doubt whether these are not also Japanese, 
 but the following reasons have led to their present classifi- 
 cation: — Firstly, the absence of the spur marks, generally 
 to be seen on Japanese specimens ; secondly, the presence 
 of factory marks or symbols known to be Chinese ; and 
 thirdly (on one of them), flowers painted in a distinctly 
 Chinese style. 
 
 II. Famille verte. — This is the " green enamel " of collec- 
 tors, and owes its name to the prevalence of a brilHant green, 
 generally laid on in thick patches. The painted porcelain 
 of the Ming dynasty is chiefly in this style, but it seems 
 to have continued later, especially during the period Kang- 
 he (1661-1722). 
 
 III. Famille rose. — A porcelain distinguished by a totally 
 different tone of colouring, and generally more modern than 
 the last. There is a prevalence of half tints and broken 
 colours, and a beautiful ruby colour, derived from gold, 
 makes i<s appearance. , 
 
 In this class should be included the delicate egg-shell 
 plates, with ruby backs, most of which, however, M. Jacque- 
 mart has, on very slender grounds, classed as Japanese. 
 The subjects, costumes, and details are completely Chinese, 
 and do not in any way resemble other known Japanese 
 works of art. Moreover egg-shell is said not to have been 
 made in Japan before 1800 to 1820. This beautiful ware 
 is probably not anterior to the last century ; one specimen 
 in the collection is dated 1721, and another bears the mark 
 of the period Yuiig-ching, 1723-1736. 
 
 To this class also belong the fine and delicate vases Vhich 
 M. Jacquemart terms Mandarin vases, and which" by a 
 strange chain of reasoning he attributes to Japan. They 
 bear Chinese figures and groups, subjects which would be 
 quite out of place in Japan. This error is partly a conse- 
 
SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOUES OVBK THE GLAZE. 41 
 
 quence of attributing the egg-shell plates above-inentioued 
 to Japan, as similar rich diapers occur on both. It is 
 probable that the bulk of this porcelain was made for the 
 European market. 
 
 Female Figure, probably Ho Seen-koo, one of the eight im- 
 mortals, standing, in rich attire. Chinese porcelain, enamelled 
 in colours ; on her pink mantle are branches of pomegranate ; 
 she holds in her left hand a peach. H. lO^in. 301a. 
 
 FiGDEE of Han Chung-le, one of the eight immortals, standing. 
 Chinese porcelain. He is represented as an old man with a 
 long white beard, a yellow robe, on which are repeated various 
 forms of the character Show, " Longevity," and holds in his 
 right hand a peach ; oval green pedestal with waves in relief. 
 H. 8i in. 302. 
 
 Figure of one of the eight immortals, standing ; Chinese porce- 
 lain ; horns on his head ; a blue robe, and a fly-flap in his hand ; 
 oval green pedestal with waves in rehef. H. 8| in. 303. 
 
 Figure of Le Tee-kwae, one of the eight immortals, standing. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; his right foot is raised, 
 and rests on a crutch ; in his left hand he holds a vase ; red 
 trowsers and a dark-green dress with white prunus flower ; the 
 pedestal has waves in relief. H. 9 in. 303o. 
 
 Figure of Chang Ko-laou, one of the eight immortals, as an old 
 man, seated, with a long white beard. Chinese porcelain. He 
 wears a green robe, on which are Chinese characters, and holds 
 a roll in his right hand ; hexagonal pedestal with green diaper in 
 front and a symbol behind. H. 6 in. 304. 
 
 Figure of one of the eight immortals, probably Han Chung-le, 
 seated. Chinese porcelain. He has a long white beard ; a green 
 robe ornamented with flowers; on the back of which is the 
 character Show, " Longevity ;" hexagonal pedestal with a 
 panel enclosing flowers in front, and a pearl symbol between 
 two flowers behind. H. 6 in. 305. 
 
 Two Figures of Han Chung-le, one of the eight immortals, seated. 
 Chinese porcelain. They have a long black beard, and horn-like 
 tufts on the head ; and wear lilac robes with bunches of 
 peaches, and hold in their _ right hands peaches ; hexagonal 
 pedestals, with green and yellow diaper ; at the back, a symbol. 
 H. 6 in. 306. 
 
 Figure of Han Seang-tsze, one of the eight immortals, seated. 
 Chinese porcelain. He is beardless, and lias horn-like tufts on 
 the head, and wears a pink robe ornamented with flowers ; he 
 holds a flute in his right hand ; hexagonal pedestal, with green 
 and yellow diaper. H. 3f in. 307. 
 
 Figure of Lan Tsae-ho, one of the eight immortals, seated. 
 Chinese porcelain. He wears a green robe with flowers, and 
 holds a vessel for flowers in his left hand ; hexagonal pedestal, 
 with a flower in front and a symbol at back. H. 5| in. 308. 
 
42 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Figure of Chang Ko-laou, one of the eight immortals, seated. 
 Chinese porcelain. He wears a black cap, and a green robe with 
 clouds in yellow and purple ; he holds in his left hand a bamboo 
 tabor ; hexagonal pedestal, in front of which is the Chinese 
 seal character Show, " Longevity." H. 6| in. 309. 
 
 Figure of a sea eagle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 the head bent forward, the wings raised. H. 9^ in, 310. 
 
 Figure of a stork resting on a rock. Chinese porcelain; painted 
 in black and white ; green beak and legs. H. I7g- in. 31 1. 
 
 Pair of Figures of hawks. Chinese porcelain, shaded in brown 
 with green eyes and gilt beaks, resting on rocks streaked blue, 
 grey, &c. H. 11 in. 312. 
 
 Pair of Figures of cocks. Chinese porcelain; yellow bodies, 
 brown wings, black tails, and red crests and wattles, resting on 
 brown rocks. H. 13^ in. 313. 
 
 Vase, with cylindrical neck and a quadrangular body tapering 
 downwards. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the neck 
 plants growing out of rocks on a grey ground ; on the shoulder 
 formal flowers on a yellow ground ; on each side of the body 
 are plants in colours on a black ground, three of them growing 
 from rocks, the other from water. Mark of the period Ching- 
 hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) H. 18^ in. [PI. I. 6.] 314. 
 
 Large Vase, beaker-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted with 
 plants of the prunus (mei-hwa) in its natural colours, springing 
 out of green rocks ; among them are yellow birds ; the whole 
 is relieved by a brilliant black ground. Mark of the period 
 Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.2.) II. 27 in. [PI. L 6.] 315, 
 
 Large Jar and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 the surface of the vase is divided into eight panels by white 
 lines, each of which encloses a floral design on a black ground ; 
 round the lower part a denticulated pattern, enclosing a white 
 flower. H. 25 in. 316. 
 
 Large Jar and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in brilliant 
 colours with a black ground ; pQonies, guelder roses, and other 
 plants gi'owing out of rocks, on which are birds. H. 26 in. 
 
 317. 
 
 Pair of Vases and Covers. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours, with a black enamelled groilnd; rocks with plants 
 growing out of them, among which is conspicuous the prunus, 
 or raei-hw», anrl peonies. H. 10 in. 318. 
 
 Pair of Beakeus, with swelling centres. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with a black enamelled ground ; rocks with 
 plants growing out of them, among which the prunus, or mei- 
 hwn, and peonies. H. 9 in. 319. 
 
SECT. 0. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 43 
 
 Pair oi? Six-sidbd Jaks, with covers. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with a black enamelled ground ; on each side is a 
 plant of the prunus, or mei-hwa. H. 12^ in. 320. 
 
 OviFOEM Vask, with narrow necli. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with a black enamelled ground ; six dragons of various 
 hues; borders of key pattern. H. 9| in. 321. 
 
 Bottle, with wide neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in green, 
 yellow, and maroon, with black outlines ; on the body the waves 
 of the sea, interspersed with flowers and symbols, on which 
 are three irregular medallions enclosing four- clawed dragons ; 
 on the neck the Pa-sien or eight immortals on clouds ; at the 
 junction of the body and neck are a green and a yellow dragon 
 in full relief. H. 14 in. [Plates D-tt.] 322. 
 
 Vase, beaker-shaped, of quadrangular section with projecting 
 centre, on which are four masks in relief, once containing rings. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly blue, red, and 
 green J the designs are five-clawed dragons and phoenixes, 
 interspersed with flowers and leaves ; on the upper edge is 
 the mark of the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620, written in a 
 horizontal line. H. 18^ in. [PI. I. 12.] 323. 
 
 Vase, beaker-shaped, of quadrangular section, with figures and 
 ornaments in relief. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on 
 each side are mythological figures attended by children ; on 
 the shoulder four medallions enclosing symbols on a rich 
 diapered ground ; on the neck groups of vases in relief and 
 painted symbols. H. 22^ in. 324. 
 
 Paie op Vases, beaker-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours ; on the upper part historical scenes ; in one of them a 
 figure kneeling before an emperor, accompanied by an inscrip- 
 tion in ten Chinese words somewhat illegible, but referring to 
 presents conferred on the official who is represented kneeling ; 
 below these are two bands, the upper one painted with fruit, 
 and the lower one with flowers. H. 18| in. 325. jf 
 
 Vase and Covbe. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours chiefly 
 green and yellow on a maroon ground ; the designs consist of 
 rocks and various symbols sevei'al times repeated ; the maroon 
 ground is covered with scrolls as though to represent waves or 
 clouds. H. 15^ in. 326. 
 
 Jab. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; a Chinese ceremonial 
 scene ; on the upper part a border with a floral pattern. Mark, 
 a hare or rabbit, outlined in black and coloured a pale yellow. 
 H. 9 in. [Pl. VII. 89.] 327. 
 
 Vase and Covek, of a quadrangular section, with an indentation 
 at each angle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; on the two principal paneli, monsters and birds ; on the 
 
44 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POKCELAIN. 
 
 other two plants growing out of rocks, and birds ; two 
 borders of diaper worli, interrupted by four medallions en- 
 closing symbols ; on neck and cover symbols. H. 12i in. 
 
 328. 
 
 Pair of -Vases, of quadrangular section, with an indentation at 
 each angle j two handles. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; on the body, two panels with monsters, &c. ; two 
 other panels with plants growing out of rocks, and birds ; on 
 the neck two flowering branches ; three borders of diaper work 
 interrupted by medallions containing symbols. H. llj in. 
 
 329. 
 
 Paie op Vases, of a quatrefoil section. ' Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours ; the body divided into four panels, alternately 
 a kylin, and plants growing out of rocks; green and yellow 
 borders ; on the neck are flowers and two lions' heads in relief 
 through which rings have been passed. H. 10^ in. 330. 
 
 Vase, with cylindrical body. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 a landscape, in which is a man riding, with an attendant 
 carrying a load, and a peasant drawing a lady in a wheel- 
 chair ; on the shoulder a border of green diaper with red 
 flowers, interrupted by four medallions enclosing the Chinese 
 character, Show, " Longevity " ; on the neck bamboo plants. 
 H. 18| in. 331. 
 
 Vase, with cylindrical body and narrow neck, Chinese porcelain, 
 covered on the outside with mazarine blue, on which are 
 paintings in colours with gilding; flowering plants growing 
 out of rocks, and two pheasants ; on the shoulder a band of 
 hexagonal pattern interrupted by four medallions; on the neck 
 a running scroll of flowers. H. 17^ in. 332. 
 
 Bottle, with long neck. Chinese porcelain; four quatrefoil 
 medallions on the body, enclosing designs painted in colours 
 and gold, viz., plants, vases, symbols, &c, ; the rest of the 
 bottle covered with mazarine blue, with some remains of 
 gilding round neck. H. 11-^ in. 333. 
 
 Bottle, with long neck. Chinese porcelain ; on the body three 
 quatrefoil medallions, enclosing plants growing out of rocks ; 
 painted in colours ; the rest of the bottle covered with mazarine 
 blue. H. 11;^ in. 334. 
 
 Jak. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and colours ; ,a phoenix 
 resting beneath a rock, from which spring various flowers, 
 including a magnolia ; the ground partially washed with blue. 
 H. 11 in. 335. 
 
 Beakeb, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 and colours ; on the upper part plants growing out of rocks, 
 among which is a magnolia ; on the lower a bird on a rock 
 from which plants are growing ; the ground partially washed 
 with blue to relieve the colour of the flowers. H, 12| in. 336. 
 
SECT. 0. PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 45 
 
 Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a scaly pal- 
 tern in green and white, intended to represent the sea, on 
 which are red and blue '^fishes and sea weeds ; on the neck 
 borders in various patterns ; bottom unglazed. H. 6^^ in. 337. 
 
 Three Bottle-shaped Vases, with bulbous necks. Chinese 
 porcelain, covered with parallel bands, painted in salmon colour, 
 with red outlines, and arranged diagonally; on the bulbous 
 portions of the necks are chrysanthemum flowers in gold. H. 
 9^ in., 9 in. ' 337«. 
 
 A similar specimen is engraved in Marryat (1868), p. 278. 
 
 Globular Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours over a 
 blue outline ; on the body five circular Jmedallions, each con- 
 sisting of a flve-clawed dragon ; on the upper part eight 
 svmbols ; around the bottom a border of green and yellow 
 flutes. Mark of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. (3.3.) 
 EC. 91 in. [PI. II. 15.] 338. 
 
 Square Vase, beaker-shaped, with one handle, copied from bronze. 
 Chinese porcelain ; ornaments in low relief, over which in 
 higher relief are dragons of various colours ; a group of these 
 forms the handle ; the inside and under part painted a pale 
 green. Mark, in red, in the seal character, of the period Keen- 
 lung, 1736-1795. (2.2.) H. 4^ in. [PI. III. 27.] 339. 
 
 Cylindrical Vessel, to hold writing materials. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in colours ; two medallions on a brick-red 
 ground with gold scroll work. In the medallions Chinese 
 subjects ; in one a boy bringing a manuscript roll to an old 
 man ; in the other the same boy holding up with a pole the 
 end of the roll, which is being explained by the old man to a 
 younger personage. Inside and bottom coloured light green. 
 Mark, in red, in the seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 
 1736-1795. H. 5J in., diam. 5 in. [PL III. 26.] 340. 
 
 Globular Vase or Bowl, on high circular foot. Chinese 
 porcelain ; on the body two five-clawed dragons, painted in green 
 with black outlines, between which a pearl with flames in red and 
 gold ; on the foot the waves of the sea painted in green. Mark, 
 in red, of the period Heen-fung, 1851-1862, written in a hori- 
 zontal line. H. 81 in. [PI. II. 19.] 341. 
 
 Pair op Mugs, with globular bodies and cylmdrical necks ; 
 handles with dolphins' heads. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours ; round the base of the cylindrical part is a narrow red 
 band with small circles enclosing five leaved flowers, from which 
 spring branches of flowers above, and aquatic plants below. 
 H. 3| in. 342. 
 
 Jug and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; branch of a tree with black leaves and red flowers, on 
 which is perched a bird watching an insect ; on the lid two sprigs 
 of flowers. H. 5^ in. 343. 
 
46 CLASS IV.— OHINESJ!) PAINTED j?ORCELAIN. 
 
 Caitolestick, ill tlie shape of a vase, with a straight narrow 
 neck resting on a wide base. Chinese porcelain, decorated in 
 bright red with formal designs, somewhat of a bronze pattern, 
 H. 9 in. 344. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; inside a small 
 landscape, and a border of diaper work interrupted by four 
 medallions enclosing literary emblems ; outside, a Chinese scene : 
 a landscape with a building, in which are two ladies ; at the 
 entrance a man looking back to the sun ; peculiar red clouds. 
 Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426rl436. (3.3.) H. 3^ in., 
 diam. 74 in. [PL I. 5.] 345. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding; inside 
 a small landscape and a border of diaper with chrysanthemums, 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing symbols ; outside a 
 river scene, two grotesque figures of men, one carrying a basket 
 the other looking into one ; peculiar red clouds. H. 3^ in,, 
 diam. 7^ in. 346. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain,, painted in colours; inside a medallion 
 enclosing plants growing from rocks, and a border of the same 
 design ; outside a vine growing from rocks, and two squirrels, a 
 bamboo, and a red flower springing from a rock. Mark of the 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) H. 4 in., dinm. 8^ in, 
 [PI. I. 6.] 347. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly red and 
 green ; inside a cinquefoil enclosing a monster ; outside half 
 panels with similar animals; the ground a six foil diaper in 
 red. H. 4^ in,, diam. 9^ in. 348. 
 
 Shallow Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; in the inside is a circular 
 medallion with a stork amid clouds, painted in a dark blue ; 
 round this a broad band of pale green, over which is a running 
 pattern in gold consisting of flowers and scrolls ; outside two 
 branches of flowers with a bird on each, painted in dark blue. 
 Mark, a coin inscribed, Chang ining juh kwei: "Long life, 
 riches, and honour." II. 2 in., diam. 5^ in. [PI. VI. 74.] 
 
 349. 
 
 Hexagonal Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; on each side an interior with a Chinese lady seated, 
 eacli difierently occupied ; inside two male ligures ; broad dia- 
 pered border interrupted by panels with flowers. Mark of the 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) H. 4 in., diaru. 8 in. 
 [PI. I, 6.] 350. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; 
 inside a formal flower ; outside four compartments enclosing 
 figures of horses in landscapes, between them a Chinese character, 
 a flower, and scrolls ; border of green quatrefoils on a yellow 
 
SECT. ,C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 47 
 
 gjroundj interrupted by four compartments enclosing animals, 
 Mark Luh-i tang, " Luh-i Hall." H. 4^ in., diam. 8 in. \V\. 
 IV. 33.] 351. 
 
 Fluted Basin, with scalloped edges. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding ; inside a medallion enclosing a lady standing 
 between two rocks ; border of alternate flowers and butterflies ; 
 outside divided into eight panels, consisting of the following 
 patterns twice repeated : — 1. Blue with river scene in gold. 
 2. White with tree, bird, and butterfly in blue. 3. Eed with 
 white floral ornament heightened with gold. 4. White with 
 vases and symbols in colours. H. 3^ in., diam. 7^ in. 362. 
 
 Basin, with eight sides and indented edges. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours ; in the centre a medallion of a formal floral 
 pattern ; on each of the sides, both inside and out, sprigs of flowers. 
 Mark, a fungus. H. 3 in., diam. 5| in. [PI. VIII. 99.] 363. 
 
 Pair op Bowls, with two handles, covers, and stands, all of 
 a quatrefoil shape. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; 
 each with four compartments enclosing flowers ; the bowls have 
 raised triangular compartments with small flowers on a green 
 ground ; the stands and covers have borders of lozenges and semi- 
 circles ; the former have a raised quatrefoil centre, and at the back 
 a large green quatrefoil ; the latter have a raised quatrefoil 
 terminating in a flower bad as a knob. H. 6 in.,, diam. of stands, 
 10^ in. by 9 in., diam. of bowls, 7 in. by 4^ in. 344. 
 
 Bowl and Cover, quatrefoil shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours ; each with four compartments enclosing rocks and 
 flowers ; the bowl has raised triangular compartments, each with 
 a single flower; the cover has a border of flowers in compartments, 
 and a raised quatrefoil centre, terminating in a flower bud as a 
 knob. H. 5\ in. ; bowl, 7 in. by 4^ in. 355. 
 
 Stand foe a Bowl, of an irregular lozenge shape, deeply fluted, 
 with raised centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; four 
 irregular compartments enclosing plants growing out of rocks, 
 &c., between them branches of fanciful flowers. Diam. 
 11 in. by 9 in. 356. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, coarsely painted in colours. Inside a 
 medallion enclosing a pendent ornament, from each side of 
 which are suspended three symbols. The same design is 
 repeated four times on the outside. Mark, Ki shih pao ting 
 chi chin. " A gem among precious vessels of rare stone." 
 Diam. 6 in. [PI. IV. 43.] 356o. 
 
 Bowl of somewhat cylindrical form. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; inside in red the seal character Show, 
 " Longevity," and a border of a rich diaper, interrupted by four 
 medallions enclosing dragons in clouds ; outside four panels 
 
 A1G7. K 
 
48 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAT^TKD PORCELAIN. 
 
 •with dragons in clouds ; in the spaces between a circular 
 medallion with a red flower and black scroll work ; the whole 
 surrounded by bands of a rich diaper of alternate blue and red 
 flowers. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3.3.) 
 H. ^ in., diam. 7^ in. [PL II. 14.] 357. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in.colonrs ; inside an ornament 
 enclosing a chrysanthemum flower and four flowering branches ; 
 outside four panels, two of them quatrefoil-shaped, the other two 
 fan-shaped, with flowers growing out of rocks ; the intermediate 
 spaces covered with a nankin yellow glaze, on which are painted 
 eight symbols. Mark, a vase containing writing materials. 
 H. 3J in., diam. 7| in. [PI. IX. 1 13.] 358. 
 
 Pair of Basins. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; the out- 
 side glazed of a pale nankin yellow; the insides with a central 
 flower, four plants growing out of rocks, and a green border. 
 Mark, a seal character. Diam. 4^ in. [PI. V. 64.] 358a. 
 
 Small Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in faint colours with 
 gilding; a procession of eight figures (perhaps ambassadors 
 from the tribes of the Man) in antique dresses carrying symbols ; 
 they are preceded by a cart drawn by a dromedary or deer, which 
 is approaching a fortified gat« ; inside a four-clawed dragon in 
 red among clouds. Mark in four seal chai'acters, very con- 
 fusedly written. H. 1^ in., diam. 4 in. 359. 
 
 Small Bowl, fluted, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours ; inside a star, four detached flower branches, 
 and a border; outside three , boys among branches, with a 
 large flower between them. Mark, a hare, and, near the 
 encircling line of blue, a small crescent. H. l| in., diam. 3^ in. 
 
 359a. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, enamelled on the outside in colours ; 
 flowers and scrolls on a ruby coloured ground, engraved with 
 flowers and scrolls ; inside plain white. Mark of the period Keen- 
 lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 7 in. [PI. II. 16.] 360. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the outside 
 four medallions with a seal character on each, in blue on a pink 
 ground, signifying " The sun of the constantly bright Buddha ;" 
 between them a dorge in red, from which spring formal scrolls 
 and flowers ; imperial yellow ground. Mark, in blue, over the 
 glaze, of the period Kea-king, 1796-1821. Diam. 6i in. [PL 
 II. 17.] 360a. 
 
 Bowl and Stand. Chinese porcelain, enamelled with branches of 
 flowei-s in colours on a deep orange ground. Mark, in the seal 
 character, of the period Kea-king, 1796-1821. (2,2.2.) H. 2in., 
 diam. 4| in., 6^ in. [PL III. 28.] 361. 
 
SECT. 0. — PAINTED IN COLOUBS OVE.U THE GLAZE. 49 
 
 Paie op Eice Bowls. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 inside a five-clawed dragon in red with a pearl ; outside two 
 five-clawed dragons and two phoenixes amid branches of 
 flowers ; eight symbols in the border. Marks, in the seal 
 character, of the periods Kea-king, 1796-1821, and Taou- 
 kwang, 1821-1851. H. 3 in., diam. 6 in. [PI. III. 28, 29.] 362. 
 
 Rice Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted inside in blue; a male and 
 a female divinity surrounded by clouds, birds flying round their 
 feet ; on the outside four medallions painted in colours, the spaces 
 between being filled with a blue ground engraved in scrolls 
 and ornamented with clouds ; two of the medallions contain 
 the figures represented within the bowl ; the other two land- 
 scapes with figures, Mark, in the seal character, of the period 
 Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. H. 2^ in., diam. 5| in. [PI. III. 29.] 
 
 363. 
 
 The divinities on this howl are probably Si Wang IMu, the queen of the 
 Genii, acoompanied by her azure-twinged birds, and her husband Muh 
 Kung. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; two light boats 
 on the waves of the sea, each steered by a lady, with a basket of 
 flowers and a vase ; rocks with red and white fungi growing 
 out of them ; in the distance mountains and clouds, among which 
 is a building, towards which a stork is flying. Mark, in red, 
 Skun-tih tang chi. "Made at the Shun-tih Hall." Diam. 
 6| in. [PI. IV. 35.] 363a, 
 
 This bowl and the next are probably connected with the Taoi at legends 
 of Si Wang Mu, Queen of the Genii. 
 
 Rice Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; two 
 fantastic boats floating on the waves of the sea, in each of them 
 two ladies, with in one case a stork, and the other a kylin ; in 
 clouds are seen tents, towards which a stork is flying. Mark, 
 in red, in the seal character, Heae chuh choo-jin tsaou. " Made 
 by (or foi') the lord of the Heae bamboos." Diam. 54 in. 
 [PI. VI. 72.] 3636. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, decorated on the outside with irregular 
 patches of white, yellow, and green; the interstices being filled 
 wth red. Mark of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. 
 (3.3.) H. 6in., diam. 12iin. [PI. II. 18.] 364. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; on the outside 
 masks and scrolls in green on a pink ground ; the inside and 
 bottom covered with a greenish blue. Mark, in black, Ta-shu 
 tang chi. "Made at the Ta-shu Hall." Diam, 6| in. [PI. IV. 
 38.] 364a. 
 
 Paib op Bowls on tall feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours- ; 
 inside two peaches, a bat, and leaves ; on the outside branches 
 of peaches and other fruit, with borders of peach-flowers, and 
 green asters ; on the foot archaic leaf pattern ; gilt edges. 
 H. 4^ in., diam. 5| in. 365. 
 
 E 2 
 
50 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Bowl on tail foot, with indented gilt edge, Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding ; inside peaches and a bat, two 
 birds and two flowers ; outside a Chinese musical scene with six 
 ladies ; on the foot archaic pattern. Mark, in red (false), of the 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488, in a horizontal line. H. 4^ in., 
 diam. 5|in. [PL I. 6.] 366. 
 
 Sixfoil-shaped Bowl. Chinese porcelain, of thick material ; the 
 inside green ; outside painted in colours, with gilding ; Chinese 
 subject, a gentleman alighting from his horse, and accosting 
 three ladies, a man holding the horse, and attendant resting his 
 load of luggage. Mark, in the seal character, of the period Heen- 
 fung, 1851-1862. H. 3| in., diam. Y^in. [PI. III. 30.] 367. 
 
 OOTAGONAi Bowx. Chinese porcelain, of thick material; the 
 inside gi'een ; the outside,with ornaments in low relief, consisting 
 of the trigrams known as the Pa-hwa, and borders of the 
 key and fret pattern, painted in red and brown with gilding. 
 Mark, in the seal character, of the period Tung-che, 1862- 
 1875. H. ?| in., diam. 7 in. [PI. III. 31.] 368. 
 
 Bowl and Cover, in the form of the flower of the nelumbium 
 or water lily. Chinese porcelain painted in pink and green, to 
 imitate the flower, and with gilt stalks and buds in relief; also a 
 STAND of similar design, but without ornaments in relief. H, 5 in., 
 diam. 6f in. ; diam. of stand, 1 1 in. 369. 
 
 Pair of Small Bowls and Coveks. Chinese porcelain, externally 
 covered with a nankin yellow glaze, and painted in colours with 
 butterflies hovering over flowers. Mark, in red, a bat and peach. 
 H. 4iin., diam. 4 in. [PI. VIII. 101.] 370. 
 
 Small Eowl. Chinese porcelain, painted externally with a spray 
 of pink flowers on an imperial yellow ground with engraved 
 scroll work. Mark, in the seal character, of the period Keen- 
 lung, 1736-1795, over which is pricked in the glaze the Chinese 
 word Li " profit," probably an owner's name. H. 2 in., diam. 
 4 in. [PI. III. 27.] 371. 
 
 Small Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted externally with a 
 spray of pink flowers on a pale green ground with engraved 
 scroll work. Mark, in the seal character, indistinct. H. 2 in., 
 diam. 3^ in. 372. 
 
 Small Saucek Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted with detached 
 flowers in colours on a white enamelled ground, which is diapered 
 with leafy scrolls engraved in outline. Mark, in the seal 
 character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 6 in. 
 [PL III. 26.] 373. 
 
 Small Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted with a branch 
 of a plant with pink flowers on a white enamelled ground, 
 diapered with engi'aved scrolls. Mark, in the seal character, 
 ofthe period Kea-king? 1796-1821. Diam. 6 in. 373«. 
 
SECT. C. — rAINTEO IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 61 
 
 Pair op Cylindrical Pots and Covers, with two handles, 
 each moulded in the form of two lions' heads, with a ball between 
 them. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding. On 
 each side a panel with two ladies playing on musical instru- 
 ments ; on the covers is a green band round the knob, and a 
 border of trellis work, interrupted by four medallions enclosing 
 symbols. H. 6 in. 374. 
 
 Pair of Bowls on Stands, with two square handles and pierced 
 covers surmounted by lions. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding ; formal flower pattern. H. 4| in., diam. 
 5 in. 375. 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue, heightened with 
 red and gilding. In centre a formal chrysanthemum of eight 
 petals, diapered alternately in different patterns ; around a 
 running scroll of flowers. Mark, a fungiis. Diam. 15^ in. 
 [PI. VIII. 100.] 376., 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, heightened "with red 
 and gilding. In the centre a medallion with two plants grow- 
 ing beyond a balustrade ; around four medallions, two enclosing 
 Chinese landscapes, and the two others pomegranates ; between 
 them formal flowers. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 13f in. [PI. 
 VIII, 100.] 376«. 
 
 Pair op Cylindrical Bowls And Covers. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in red and blue with gilding. Various compartments with 
 flowers, raUs, &c. H. 4| in., diam. 3| in. 377. 
 
 This is a very similar design to that in blue on a plate, No. 228. 
 
 Pair op Bowls, each on a circular foot with edges in six lobes. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; inside a 
 medallion enclosing a basket of flowers ; blue border with gilt 
 diaper, interrupted by eight medallions enclosing fishes and 
 other marine animals ; outside eight compartments enclosing 
 baskets of flowers, framed in by blue bands with gilt ornaments 
 and occasional panels ; on the foot a fofmal floral pattern. 
 H. 5 in., diam. 7| in. 378. 
 
 Two Saucer DIShes, with wavy gilt edges, and with raised 
 bands dividing the border into eight compartments. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the centre a circular 
 medallion with a pomegranate, enclosed in a red and white 
 border; around this a blue ground with gold flowers; in the 
 compartments of the border fruit trees and mice ; outer border 
 of blue and gold, interrupted by eight panels of red diaper; on 
 the outside branches of flowers. Diam. lOf in. 379. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and red, with 
 gilding; in the centre the fish symbol; around this two leaves 
 and two fans, with groups of vases between them; narrow floral 
 border. Diam. lOf in. 380. 
 
52 OLASa IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POKCBLAIN. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding. In 
 the centre flowers springing out of rocks ; blue border with 
 flowers in red and gold, interrupted by four medallions en- 
 closing fish and crustaceans. Mark, a complicated object, 
 described by M. Jacqueraart as a sacred axe, but resembling a 
 seal chai-acter. Diam. 8^ diam. [PI. V. 65.] 380a. 
 
 Dish and Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours 
 witli gilding ; in the centre a medallion enclosing a vase with 
 flowers ; broad border with three compartments, in two of which 
 a phoenix, in the third a butterfly, with green and black edging ; 
 the spaces between coloured blue, with flowers in red and gold ; 
 on back flower branches and narrow border. Diam. 11 in., 
 8^ in. : 381. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; in the centre a vase with flowers and a railing ; broad 
 border divided into six compartments, containing alternately 
 birds or insects, and red flowers on a blue ground ; outside, 
 branches of flowers, and a narrow border. Diam. 8f in. 382. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre a 
 nelumbium flower ; a broad border divided into six compart- 
 ments, containing alternately coloured flowers, and the prunus 
 in gold on a blue ground. Diam. 8| in. 383. 
 
 Mug, with globular body and ribbed neck. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue, with touches of red and gold ; on the body a 
 landscape. Mark, a fungus. H. 4 in. [PI. VIII. 100.] 
 
 383a. 
 The form of this mug is European. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; three 
 lions, each with a foot resting on a perforated ball, from which 
 issue three green streamers. Mark, a leaf. Diam. 13^ in. 
 [PI. VIII. 9L] 384. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; a landscape with water, and a building from the door of 
 which children are issuing and a woman is looking; in front is 
 a man in a boat, which is being pushed from the shore by a 
 boatman ; a border of flowers and leaves on a speckled gi'ey 
 ground. Mark, the shell symbol. Diam. 14^ in. [PI. VII. 
 80.] 386. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in brilliant colours ; in 
 the centre a medallion-consisting of a flower, enclosed in sixteen 
 blue lobes, and a border of alternate lozenges and circles ; from 
 this proceed eight compartments enclosing birds, animals, and 
 plants ; border of green with detached floAvers, interrupted by 
 eight medallions enclosing butterflies. Diam. 1 1 in. 386. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre 
 a medallion enclosing a Chinese landscape with kylin, phoenix, 
 &c. ; this is surrounded by red diaper j border of stiff flowers 
 
SECT. C. PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 53 
 
 in various colours alternating with scrolls. Mark, Shun-tih tanij 
 poku chi, " Antique, made at theSLun-tili Hall." Diam. 10^ in. 
 [PI. IV. 34.] 387. 
 
 From peculiarities of make it is probable that this dish is of the early 
 part of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; in the centre a Chinese subject ; two ladies, a table with 
 vases, and a tree ; border of speckled green with flowers, inter- 
 rupted by four medallions containing flowers, &c. ; outer fluted 
 edge with red band. On the back is pricked the Chinese word 
 7'«ie/(, " Stored up," perhaps an owner's name. Diam. 9^ in. 388. 
 
 Satjcbr Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; in the centre a pomegranate tree and two birds ; border 
 of speckled green, with flowers, interrupted by four medallions 
 containing plants ; outer fluted edge of red and gold. Diam. 
 9| in. 388ffl. 
 
 Dish, with wavy edge, and twelve slightly raised foliations on the 
 sides, which are outlined in blue. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in red with gUding ; in the centre a Chinese scene, a gentleman 
 and lady in an open carriage, au attendant behind with an 
 umbrella ; on the foliations gi'owing plants, between them scrolls. 
 Diam. lOf in. 388i. 
 
 Pair of Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, with engraved 
 designs, partially painted in green ; inside a flve-clawed dragon 
 among clouds ; on the outside two similar dragons among the 
 waves of the sea. Mark of the period Ching-tih, 1506-1522 
 (3.3.) Diam. 7 in. [PI. I. 9.] 389. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in green with black 
 outlines on a yellow ground ; in the centre a fom--clawed dragon 
 amidst clouds or flames ; on border three branches of flowers 
 and three fungi ; outside, four symbols and a green indented 
 band below them. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. 
 Diam. 8^ in. [PI. II. 14.] 390. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours over a blue 
 outline ; on- the centre a formal ornament with five points, 
 between each of which is a character ; the border composed of 
 sixteen characters, twice repeated ; on the outside five bats in 
 red. Mark, enclosed in a square, Tsai-jun tang chi, " Made 
 at the Tsai-jun Hall." Diam. 6\ in. [PI. IV. 36.] 390a. 
 
 Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted with red fish and 
 water plants in blue and green. Similar designs on the back of 
 border. Mark, Tsae chtcen chi lo, " Enjoying themselves in the 
 stream." Diam. 6\ in. [PI. V. 44.] 391. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted inside with the charac- 
 ter Fuh, " Happiness," surrounded by five bats. The outside 
 ornamented with knots, scrolls, and flowers in colours on a deep 
 
54f CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 ruby ground; among them is repeated four times a Chinese 
 character. Mark, in the seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 
 1736-1795. Diam. 7^ in. [PI. III. 26.] 392. 
 
 Two Saucee Dishes, with scalloped edges of nine foliations. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the centre 
 a tree and two storks; border of nine panels with plants growing 
 out of rocks; outside, nine sprigs of flowers. Mark, Yuh, 
 " Jade." Diam. 9 in. [PI. V. 55.] 393. 
 
 Two Saucee Dishes, with scalloped edges of nine foliations. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the centre 
 a tree and two storks ; border of nine panels with plants growing 
 out of rocks ; outside nine sprigs of flowers ; brown edges. 
 Mark, a four-leaved flower. Diam. 9 in. [PI. IX. 102.] 394. 
 
 Two Saucee Dishes, with scalloped edges of nine foliations. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the centre 
 a tree with two geese and a hawk or phoenix ; border of nine 
 panels, with stiff branches of flowers ; outside nine sprigs of 
 flowers ; brown edges. Mark, a four-leaved flower. Diam. 
 6f in. [PI. IX. 102.] 395. 
 
 Four Octagonal Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 Chinese subjects, varying in each, but all consisting of a gentle- 
 man, a lady, and a table; border quatrefoil pattern with 
 flowers, interrupted by four medallions enclosing symbols. 
 Diam. 8 in. 396. 
 
 Flat Cieculae Stand, with raised edge, resting on three small 
 pyramidal feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; pair 
 of birds in a flowering tree ; border of diaper work interrupted 
 by four medallions, enclosing fish and crustaceans ; on the outside 
 narrow border of flowers on a green ground, interrupted by 
 medallions with branches of flowers ; gilt edge. H. 1| in., diam. 
 12^ in. 397. 
 
 Flat Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a landscape, 
 with the eight horses of the monarch Muh Wang, of the Chow 
 dynasty, in various attitudes. Diam. 10^ in, 398. 
 
 Two Cieculae Teays. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a 
 kylin and clouds ; border of fret work, interrupted by four com- 
 partments enclosing symbols. Mark, (on one) Liih-i tang, 
 « Luh-i Hall." Diam. 8 in. [PI. IV. 33.] 399. 
 
 Two Cieculae Teays. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in eolours ; 
 diapered patterns in compartments, consisting of four octagons, 
 with pink flowers on a pale green diaper and with pink diapered 
 borders ; between them octagons of blue pencilled in black ; the 
 centre one representing a flower on a diapered ground, the others 
 dragons coiled round; these octagons are joined together by 
 bands of green basket work, with a pink flower on each ; border, 
 a cloud pattern in blue. Diam. 7^^ in. 400. 
 
SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 55 
 
 CiKCiTLAE Teat. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with • 
 gilding ; two ladies, one seated at a table with a pen in her 
 hand, the other standing with a hand screen ; behind the former 
 a stand with vases, &c. Mark, emblems forming a congratu- 
 latory sentence. Diam. 7| in. [PI. VII. 88.] 401. 
 
 Circular Tkay, Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours, with 
 gilding; three ladies seated on a carpet and playing at a 
 game somewhat like chess ; in the background, a stand with 
 vases, stool with tea things, &c. . Mark, emblems forming a 
 congratulatory sentence. Diam. 7| in. [PL VII. 88.] 402. 
 
 CiBCULAE Teay. Chinese porcelain ; in the centre is delicately 
 painted a group of Chinese figures, two ladies and a child ; 
 enclosed in a sevenfoil, the spandrils being filled in with stiff 
 gold flowers and scrolls. Diam. 6^ in. 403. 
 
 Paie of Octagonal Dishes on Feet. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a chrysanthemum flower 
 and a butterfly ; border of hexagonal pattern with flowers, 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing birds, flowers, and 
 insects ; underneath rich borders and detached branches of 
 flowers. H. 4 in., diam. 11^ in. 404. 
 
 Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in brilliant 
 colours ; a mythological scene ; a building, from the difierent 
 stages of which four ladies are looking ; in the air is a man 
 riding on a dragon, and a woman riding on a phoenix, above 
 the moon between constellations ; the border of eight circles, 
 enclosing storks, and portions of medallions, on a red diaper 
 ground ; on the back three branches of flowers in colours. 
 Mark, a leaf. Diam. 14^ in. [PI. VIII. 92.] 405. 
 
 This probably represents an emperor and empress carried npto heaven 
 by the fabulous animals proper to them. 
 
 Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours, 
 with gilding ; a landscape with water and a boat in the fore- 
 ground, three Chinese figures looking up to the sky where there 
 is a stork and the sun ; the border of eight circles, enclosing 
 storks, and portions of medallions, on a red diaper ground ; on 
 the back three branches of flowers in colours. Mark, a leaf. 
 Diam. 14^ in. [PI. VIII, 91.] 406. 
 
 Large Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; 
 in the centre a rock, from which spring various flowering plants ; 
 on it a pair of gold pheasants ; above another pair of birds ; 
 inner border of Chrysanthemum flowers in gold on a red diapered 
 ground, interrupted by six medallions enclosing shells, &c. ; 
 border, various wild animals and trees, divided by six panels 
 containing a formal flower in gold, with greeu leaves and scrolls. 
 Diam. 22| in. 407. 
 
56 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, covered with a bright green enamel ; 
 in the centre a large pink flower, from which proceed dark 
 green branches terminating in smaller flowers, somewhat rudely 
 painted, with occasional coloured scrolls. Diam. 9f in. 408. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; across 
 them is represented a scroll with detached branches of flowers ; 
 behind this is a narrow scroll with flowers running in the 
 oppositie direction ; the background is a running pattern of 
 green leaves and pink flowers on a black ground. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 409. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; a 
 scroll with a moonlight scene ; a lady standing in a garden and 
 a gentleman climbing over a wall, over which he has already 
 thrown his boots ; the rest of the plate is ornamented with two 
 panels enclosing various instruments, and with flowers on a red 
 scroll ground. Diam. 9 in. 409a. 
 
 Engra-ved in Jacqiiemart aud Le Blant, PI. vi. ; in Jacquemart (1873, 
 p. 77), it is stated that this is an episode in the Si-siang-ki, a lyric 
 drama written about 1110. 
 
 Two Plates. Chiui.se porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre 
 a boy in the balcony of a building, supporting a vase of flowers ; 
 broad border of four medallions containing stiff flowers, with 
 vases, books, &c. between them ; outer border a series of ovals ; 
 on the outside four symbols. Mark, a floAver symbol. Diam. 
 9 in. [PI. VJII. 95.] 410. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre 
 various pieces of furniture with vases, &c. ; a border of semi- 
 circular patterns ; on the outside six symbols. Mark, a fungus. 
 Diam. SJL in. [PI. VIII. 98.] 411. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; 
 in the centre a man on horseback with attendant, and a build- 
 ing, in the enclosure of which is a table with vases and sundry 
 symbols ; border, four oval medallions containing stiff flowers 
 between groups of symbols ; outside three branches of flowers. 
 Mark, a four-legged vase. Diam. S^Un. [PI. IX. 111.] 412. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the 
 
 centre flowers growing out of rocks, and three ducks ; border, 
 
 landscapes. Mark, a four-legged vase. Diam. 8J in. PPl 
 IX. 112.] 413; 
 
 FouK Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gild- 
 iug; in the centre a basket of flowers; speckled green border 
 with flowers, interrupted by four panels with plants. Mark, a 
 leaf, aud, engraved in the paste, N=99 W, the number of the 
 Dresden Collection. Diam. 8i in. [PI. VIII. 93.] 414. 
 
SECT. C— PAINTED IN COIiOTJKS OVER THE GLAZE. 57 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colouvs ; in the 
 centre a basket of flowers ; border of marbled green with red 
 flowers, interrupted by four medallions. Mark, a four-legged 
 vase. Diam. 8|in. [PI. IX. 111.] 415. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; in the centre plants growing out of a rock with a bird ; 
 border of speckled green with butterflies and flowers. Mark, 
 a four-legged vase. Diam. 8| in. [PI. IX. 111.] 416. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in 
 the centre plants growing out of water, duck, fish, &c. ; round 
 it is a band of flowers and scrolls, interrupted by four medal- 
 lions enclosing flowers ; border of flowering branches in blue ; 
 red and gold edge. Diam. 9 in. 417. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with silver 
 and gilding ; in the centre a quatrefoil medallion with a lady 
 playing on a musical instrument, at her back a piece of fur- 
 niture with drawers ; from each point of the quatrefoil pro- 
 ceeds a scroll in white enamel relieved by a black pencilled 
 diaper ; on the border, which has a silvered ground, are four 
 medallions with a branch of flowers in purple, between which 
 are red medallions with flowers traced in gold. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 418. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, delicately painted in colours, 
 with gilding; a flowering tree growing out of rocks, and two 
 red-breasted birds; bolder of flowering branches painted in 
 black and gold. Diam. 9 in. 419. 
 
 Paik op Cibculak Saltcellaes, of a pedestal form. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in colours; in each bowl red fish and branches, 
 and below two birds on plants growing out of rocks ; green 
 borders. H. 2 in., diam. 3^ in. 420. 
 
 Pair of Quatbeeoil-shaped Teapots, with a spout at each 
 end, arched handles, and quatref oil-shaped lids. Chinese por- 
 celain, painted in colours with flowers ; the handles imitating 
 basketwork. H. 5 in., L. 7 in. 421. 
 
 Six-sided Tbat from a tea service, with fluted edge. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with a cock and flowers ; irregular 
 framework of gilt basket-pattern ; boi'der of octagons and 
 squares pencilled in black. Diam. 5 in. 422. 
 
 Six-sided Tkay from a tea service, with fluted edge. Chinese 
 porcelain ; in the centre, painted in colours, is a group of 
 Chinese figures drinking tea, two ladies, a gentleman, and a boy ; 
 the border of minute flowers and leaves in gold, interrupted 
 by six medallions painted alternately in pink and black. Diam. 
 6^ in. 423. 
 
58 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAIiNTED POECELAIN. 
 
 Cdp and Saucek. Chinese porcelaia ; symbols in coloui's, and 
 white flowers on a -green ground with black spirals, imitating 
 the waves of the sea; inside the cup a flower in blue. Diam. 
 2|. in., 4f in. 424. 
 
 Cup and Saucee. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; on the cup a Chinese landscape ; on the saucer a 
 similar landscape, and a seated figure in centre. Mark, a horn- 
 shaped symbol. Diam. S{ in., 5^ in. [PI. VII. 90.] 425. 
 
 Cup and Saucek of six-foil shape. Chinese eggshell porcelain, 
 enamelled in blue, with gilding; formal sprigs of flowers and 
 borders. Diam. 2| in., 4| in. 426. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; on the saucer a figure seated on a rock beneath 
 a peach tree ; the border of the saucer and the outside of the 
 cup ornamented with variously shaped patches of green and pink 
 diaper ; the ground gilt and ornamented with flowers. Diam. 
 21 in., 4^ in. 428. 
 
 Hemispherical Cup. Chinese porcelain, with a branch of a flower- 
 ing tree and birds on the outside, very faintly drawn in pale 
 red ; within are painted a red and a yellow fruit with green 
 leaves. Diam. 2\ in. 429. 
 
 Two Cups. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted with coloured 
 
 flowers, springing from blue roeks ; at the sides are inscribed 
 
 two verses in Chinese characters. Mark of the period Kang- 
 
 ' he, 1661-1722. (3.3.) H. 2 in., diam. 2^ in. [PI. II. 14.] 430. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, moulded in low 
 relief like a flower, with ornaments painted in colours ; on the 
 cup branches, insects, and 'White flowers ; on the saucer sprigs 
 of flowers and insects. Diam. 3 in., 4f in. 431. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted 
 with rosettes in white enamel, between which are pink flowers 
 with green leaves ; borders in white enamel. Diam. 3 in., 
 4| in. 432. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; in the centre 
 a blue radiating pattern ; the sides are ornamented with black 
 pencilled lines, over which are flowers in brilliant enamel 
 colours. Diam. 2|- in., 4^ in. 433. 
 
 Conical Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted inside with a 
 flower in black, gold, and silver ; outside two medallions en- 
 closing vases, Ac, in gold and colours ; the rest of the surface 
 is decorated with flowers and scrolls in black, gold, and silver. 
 Mark of the period Yung-cMng, 1723-1736. (2.2.2.) H. 
 21 in., diain. 3| in. [PI. IT. 15.] 434. 
 
 This lias formed part of a nest of cups, which are usually of this form 
 so as to fit into each other. They appear to be called in Chinese 
 T'ao-pei. (.See History of King-te-ohin, p. 192.) 
 
SECT. 0. — PAINTED IN COLUUHS OVJIR THE GLAZE. 59 
 
 Cdp. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours, with stiif 
 scrolls and flowers ; from the bottom rise six foliations with 
 octagons and squares pencilled in black ; pink border with 
 quatrefoil pattern in black. Diam. Sin. 435. 
 
 Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; inside a border with enamelled 
 flowers, leaves drawn in black, and gilt seeds ; on the outside 
 a Chinese view with buildings, painted in gold of various tints. 
 Diam. 2| in. 436. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; on the saucer two ladies and a child, a stand 
 and a basket of flowers; on the cup the same subject repeated, 
 and a bunch of flowers with a butterfly ; a foliated border to 
 each, with a stiff pattern of flowers and scrolls in gold. Diam. 
 2|in., 4^in. 437. 
 
 Cdp and Saucer and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porce- 
 lain, elaborately painted in enamel, with gilding; on each 
 is represented a group consisting of two ladies seated at a 
 draught board, a boy, two other ladies, two dogs, and various 
 vases and stands ; inside the cups a flower ; inside the tea cup 
 and saucer, and outside the cofiee cup, a wavy band of flowers and 
 scrolls outlined in black, and filled in with gold ; narrow borders 
 of a formal strawberry leaf pattern in silver, with coloured dots 
 between them. Diam. 2| in., 4| in,, and 2^ in. 438. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in 
 colours ; inside the cup a basket with flowers, and a vase with 
 fruit ; outside three medallions enclosing flowers ; between is 
 an octagon pattern in pink ; on the saucer, basket with flowers 
 and vase with fruit, within an irregular edging of wicker 
 pattern of turquoise blue ; borders of octagon pattern in pink, 
 interrupted by three medallions containing flowers; narrow 
 borders in blue with quatrefoil pattern. Diam. 2| in., 4J in. 
 
 439 
 
 Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted with a fan-shaped medal" 
 lion, representing a landscape, and with a branch of the prunus, 
 all on a deep pink ground ; inside a pink flower. Diam. 3^ in. 
 
 • 440. 
 
 Bowl and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in- 
 side with a group of flowers and fruit in enamel colours, the 
 outside coated with a delicate rose colour. Mark on bowl, 
 Few Sin-chow nien chi, " JVTade in the Sin-chow year [recurring] 
 again," viz., the 38th year of the cycle, which occurred for a 
 second time in the reign of Kang-he, in 1721. H. 2\ in., diam. 
 6 in., 6 in. [PI. I. 1.] 441. 
 
 Saucer-shaped Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, euamelled 
 in brilliant colours ; in the centre is a lady seated, and two boys 
 presenting vases of flowers; behind the lady a vase and cover, 
 and a tall stand on which is a smaller vase containing scrolls, 
 
60 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POEOELAIN. 
 
 &e., a large vase without a cover in the back ground. Inner 
 border (an inch broad) of octagons and squares on a pale pink 
 ground, interrupted by three medallions enclosing flowers ; 
 outer edge, a quatrefoil pattern on a pale green ground, the 
 back of the plate, excepting the centre, is enamelled a deep 
 pink. Mark of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. Diam. 
 8 in. [PI. II. 15.] 442. 
 
 Saucer-shapkd Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled 
 in brilliant colours ; in the centre is a lady seated and two boys 
 presenting flowers ; on her right a vase and cover, and a tall 
 stand on which is a smaller vase containing a tassel, &c. ; in 
 the back ground a large vase and cover ; the border (about half 
 an inch broad) of a quatrefoil pattern, on a pale blue ground, 
 interrupted by three medallions enclosing flowers ; the back 
 
 ° of the plate, excepting the centre, is enamelled a deep pink. 
 Diam. 8 in. , 443. 
 
 Deep Piate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours 
 with gilding ; in the centre is a leaf-shaped panel, surrounded 
 by a gold ground, diapered with flowers in colours ; within it a 
 lady seated and two boys ; on her left two vases ; behind her 
 a table with books, &c. This is surrounded by six borders of 
 various widths, the two principal being of a deep pink, inter- 
 rupted by four blue medallions, and pale lilac, with four medal- 
 lions encircling flowers, and with four dragons in white. The 
 back of the plate, excepting the centre, is enamelled a deep pink. 
 Diam. 8^ in. 444. 
 
 This plate is known among collectors as the " plate with the seven 
 borders," the diaper round the leaf being included in the number. 
 
 Octagonal Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in 
 colours ; in the centre a lady with a fan, and two boys amidst 
 furniture ; ruby border with eight pink flowers, between which 
 a small blue flower. No mark, but engraved in the paste, N. 203, 
 the number of the Dresden collection. Diam. 8^ in. 445. 
 
 Deep Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours 
 with gilding ; in the centre a lady seated at a table holding a 
 flower ; at her feet a child ; around a black frame, round which 
 are entwined flowers ; border a diaper of octagons in black, 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing a gilt sprig, and 
 surrounded by flowers ; between them are coiled blue dragons ; 
 the back, excepting the centre, covered with a ruby colour. 
 Diam. 8J in. 446. 
 
 Deep Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in 
 brilliant blue with gilding. In the centre a gentleman and 
 lady, seated at a table, and surrounded with vases, a parrot, &c. ; 
 he is playing on a flute and she is beating time with her fan ; 
 border of a formal pattern, in white on a blue ground, inter- 
 rupted by four medallions enclosing a flower. Diam. 8^ in. 
 
 447. 
 
SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOUES OVEE THE GLAZE. 61 
 
 Two DEEP PiATES. Chinese eggshell porcelain. In the centre 
 is a river scene with a bridge, pencilled in black-; around this a 
 narrow band of quatrefoil pattern on a gold ground, interrupted 
 by four medallions enclosing vases, &c. ; the border of a key 
 pattern in gold, interrupted by four medallions enclosing flowers, 
 pencilled in black. Diam. 8 in. 447«. 
 
 Deep Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, with a group of flowers 
 in a stool-shaped basket, and a stand of fruit, in brilliant 
 enamel colours; inner border of a quatrefoil diaper on a 
 pale green ground ; beyond this a broader border of octagons 
 and squares on a pale pink ground, interrupted in three places by 
 medallions enclosing flowers ; outer edge of a quatrefoil pattern 
 on a pale blue ground ; the back of the plate, excepting the 
 centre, is enamelled a deep pink. Diam. 8^ in. 448. 
 
 Sjtdff Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; on one face a plant, with red 
 flowers and black leaves ; on the other an inscription in " grass " 
 character, Hwa kai yew yik nien, ".The flowers open, and lo a 
 [new] year ;" the second line of a sonnet ascribed to Wei Ying- 
 wuh, a poet of the Tang dynasty, living A.D. 702-795 ; sides 
 with raised dots, and painted black. From Egypt. H. 2^ in. 
 
 449. 
 See Julien, History of King-te-ehin, p. xii. 
 
 Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; on one face a plant with red 
 flowers and black leaves ; on the other two bats in red ; sides 
 with raised dots, and painted yellow. From Egypt. H. 2 in. 
 
 449a, 
 
 Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on one 
 face a landscape ; on the other an inscription in " grass " cha- 
 r.acter to this effect, " The hills are gi'een, the water blue ; the 
 white clouds bridge them across;" sides with raised dots 
 and covered with green glaze. Brought from China. H. 2|--in. 
 
 450. 
 
 Snoff Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; on one face two red flowers ; 
 on tlie other an inscription, "This day the flowers open, and 
 lo a [new] year ;" sides with raised dots and covered with green 
 glaze. H. If in. 451. 
 
 Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; it is orna- 
 mented with eighteen figures in low relief, probably the eighteen 
 Arhan, cr immediate disciples of Buddha, standing on clouds ; 
 the background represents the waves of the sea, from which a 
 dragon is issuing. Mark, in red, an indistinct seal character. 
 H. 3 in. 452. 
 
 Snuff Bottle, ornamented with an outer casing, composed of 
 lions playing with balls. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 eilt mouth. Mark, in red, in the seal character. H. 2^ in. 
 ^ 453. 
 
ii2 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Snuff Bottle, ornamented with au outer casing, composed of 
 figures of lions, playing with pierced balls. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in red ; gilt mouth. Mark, in the seal character, in 
 gold, of the period Kea-king, 1796-1821. H. 2^ in. [PI. III. 
 28.] 454. 
 
 Snuff Bottle, oi-namented with an outer casing, composed of a 
 dragon and a phoenix among cloudg. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in red; gilt mouth. H. 3 in. 455. 
 
 Tube for a feather. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding; formal flowers and scrolls on a pale green ground, 
 among which appears the wan or swastika, the Buddhist 
 emblem. This tube, which is closed at one end from which 
 projects a loop, is termed by the Chinese ling kwan, and used 
 to hold the peacock's feather (a much coveted distinction) when 
 attached to an official cap. L. 2J in. 455a. 
 
 Watch Case. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; 
 on the back a group of flowers, with a butterfly and a bird ; 
 around this a framework of gilt scrolls, enclosing four medallions 
 painted in lake ; the frame for the glass ornamented with 
 dragons in gold ; inside thickly gilt. 456. 
 
 CLASS v.— CHINESE POECELAIN WITH PIERCED 
 OENAMENTS FILLED WITH GLAZE. 
 
 A beautiful mode of varying the decoration of porcelain 
 is exemplified by tlie specimens in this class, in which 
 ornaments appear to have been cut through the substance 
 of the porcelain and filled in with glaze. To do this suc- 
 cessfully must have required no little skill ; in some cases 
 the design consists of dragons, in others portion of leaves or 
 flowers are rendered semi-transparent, but the most usual 
 decoration is composed of bands of diaper or star pattern. 
 It is probable that these wares are not older than the 18th 
 century. In Persia, white bowls of a soft fritty porcelain 
 were made, which have rude decorations of the same nature, 
 but there is no evidence to show in which country this 
 mode of ornamentation originated. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain painted in blue ; 
 in the bottom of each a landscape ; quatrefoil and leaf borders ; 
 around a band of formal pierced pattern, iilled in with glaze. 
 Diam. 3^ in., 5^in, 457. 
 
 Shallow Bowl, with raised centre ; the sides pierced in a 
 geometrical pattern and filled in with glaze. Chinese porce- 
 lain, painted in blue ; on the centre the Chinese cliaracter, 
 Fuh, " Happiness," surrounded by five bats ; border in white on 
 
CLASS V. — CHINESE POEOELAIN, &C. FILLED WITH GLAZE. 63 
 
 a blue ground ; outside a blue border. Mark, in the seal cha- 
 racter, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. H. 1| in., diam. 
 4| in. [Pi. III. 26.] 458. 
 
 Flowee Pot. Chinese porcelain. Round the upper and lower 
 parts formal borders, painted in blue ; the remainder of the body 
 ornamented with a pierced pattern, filled in with glaze. H. 
 6^ in., diam. 9 in. 458a. 
 
 Bowl and Cover. Chinese porcelain, of a pale blue body, 
 painted in colours ; inside a magnolia tree in blossom ; outside 
 a similar tree growing, with other flowers and a branch of the 
 same ; similar decoration on cover; the porcelain has been pierced 
 in places and filled in with glaze so that the petals of some oi 
 the flowers should appear more transparent when held up to 
 the light. Mark on bowl and cover, in the seal character, 
 of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in. 
 [PI. III. 26.] 459. 
 
 CLASS VI.— CHINESE POTTERY. 
 
 As has been already stated it is by no means easy to 
 distinguish Chinese pottery, especially stoneware, from 
 porcelain, when the substance is concealed by a thick glaze. 
 The limits between these various branches of ceramic art 
 are difficult to define, and they pass from one into the 
 other by imperceptible degrees. The Chinese themselves do 
 not appear to make any distinction, and it has been there- 
 fore thought best to include vases of glazed stoneware with 
 porcelain. This has reduced in some measure the extent of 
 the class under consideration. 
 
 The Chinese employ glazed pottery very extensively as 
 architectural ornaments. The famous porcelain tower near 
 Nankin, now destroyed, was formed chiefly of this material, 
 the white portions alone being in porcelain. It has also been 
 used in the decorations of the imperial residences, from one 
 of which, the well known Summer Palace, were obtained 
 the two heads of statues and two animals described below. 
 
 A fine pale kind of pottery is used in making the bowls 
 of opium pipes, which are often richly decorated with 
 vitrified colours. 
 
 Another peculiar kind of pottery is that known as 
 " boccaro " from a Portugue.se word. This is a fine kind of 
 stoneware of various tints, bufi", red, brown, and chocolate 
 coloured. The ornaments are in relief, or delicate diaperss 
 impressed with stamps or moulds. It has been much em- 
 ployed in making tea-pots which exhibit the most various 
 forms, mouth-organs, sections of bamboo, fruit, birds, &c. 
 Occasionally the dull surface is relieved by coloured 
 
 A1C7. p 
 
64 CLASS vr. — CHINESE POTTEET. 
 
 decorations, generally sparingly applied, but sometimes 
 covering the surface. 
 
 This kind of earthenware furnished models to Bottcher, 
 the inventor of Saxon porcelain. His first attempts are 
 wonderful imitations of Oriental pottery. The Elers, who 
 established a pottery in Stafibrdshire, copied the red 
 varieties with great success, and it is not always easy to 
 distinguish their productions from Oriental examples. 
 
 Two Heads fkom Statues, probably of the goddess Kwan-yia. 
 Pale Chinese pottery, covered with a deep yellow glaze, with 
 turquoise ornaments. They have crowns or caps with figures 
 in low relief, surmounted by blue knobs ; projecting from the 
 bottom of each is a cylindrical plug to fit them on the statues. 
 These heads formed portions of figures in the Wan Show Shmi, 
 or pleasure-grounds attached to the Yuen Ming Yuen, the 
 imperial summer palace near Pekin. H. 7^ in. 459a. 
 
 Two Figures of Monsters, one a kylin the other a phoenix. 
 Chinese pottery, covered with a green glaze. Said to have been 
 crest ornaments of the roof of a pavilion in the Imperial Summer 
 Palace near Pekin. H. 8 and 9 in. 4596. 
 
 Figure of a Hawk. Dark brown Chinese stoneware ; it rests on 
 a rock, and has the body gilt. H. 8^ in. 460. 
 
 Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware (boccaro), with lid and two 
 spouts ; the centre is open and encloses a six-bladed paddle. 
 H. 4 in. 461. 
 
 Pair op Hexagonal Canisters. Chinese chocolate-coloured 
 stoneware {boccard). The sides imitate basket work, and have 
 a flowering plant in low relief, enamelled in colours ; on the 
 shoulders blue scrolls, and borders of green quatrefoils ; similar 
 decoration on covers. H. 6| iu. 461a. 
 
 CLASS VII.— JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Until lately little has been known of the history of 
 porcelain in Japan. A short account of the manufactories 
 near Imari was extracted by Professor Hqlfmann, of Leyden, 
 from a Japanese Encyclopaedia of 1799, and is pubUshed 
 at the end of the history of King-te-chin. He states that 
 the manufactories in the neighbourhood of Imari are 
 situated on the slopes of the Idsoumi-Yama, a mountain 
 which produces porcelain clay, and the names of eighteen of 
 them are given. The products of two of them, Okawaji 
 and Mikawaji, were not made for sale, being the private 
 
CLASS VII. — JAPANESE POECELAIN. 65 
 
 factories of the Princes of Nabeshima and Hirato re- 
 spectively. 
 
 Siebold writing in 1826 (Voyap;e au Japon, p. 264) notices 
 the porcelain works of Imari, and states that they supplied 
 in the 16th and 17th centuries the fine porcelain so much 
 admired in Europe, but that they had greatly fallen into 
 decay, and sent out porcelain very inferior to that formerly 
 made, owing to a contract between the Dutch Company 
 and the authorities of Nagasaki, by which the nianufac- 
 turers were bound to furnish the porcelain at a fixed price. 
 
 Owing to a confusion between pottery and porcelain it 
 has been usual to consider the introduction of the latter 
 into Japan as of considerable antiquity ; but it appears from 
 the Japanese Report accompanying the collection at South 
 Kensington that it was not till about 1513 that it was 
 introduced by Gbrodayu Shonsui of Ise, on his return from 
 China, where he had been to study the art. He settled in 
 the province of Hizen, but it is not known exactly where. 
 Arita in that province is one of the principal centres of 
 porcelain making in Japan, and furnished, during the l7th 
 and 18th centuries, the greater part of the vases known in 
 Europe as " old Japan." It seems to have been first made 
 for exportation to China, and then to Holland. The style 
 was adapted to foreign taste, and few specimens, therefore, 
 have remained in the country. Arita has no less than six 
 branch kilns. The porcelain from Hizen is called indifiFerently 
 Imari ware or Arita ware. 
 
 Another important factory is in the province of Kaga^ 
 known as Kutani ware, from the village Kutani-ro.ura, 
 whence the clay is obtained, but which is unsuitable from 
 its climate for the establishment of a factory. It was 
 founded in the 16th century by Tamura Gonzayemon, who 
 had studied porcelain making in Hizen. The older wares 
 are decorated with deep purple, green, and yellow, but 
 about 1650 Godo Saijiro introduced the well-known deco- 
 ration in red The manufactory afterwards declined, but 
 was revived about 1810, by Yoshitaya, who erected a kiln 
 at Yamashiro-mura, and it is now flourishing. There are 
 10 kilns at Terai-mura and at Kanazawa-cho. The clay 
 is of a bad colour, and the ware is apt to be of a dirty hue. 
 It passes from porcelain into stoneware, and it has therefore 
 been found convenient, in the supplement to this catalogue, 
 to place together the Kutani specimens, without considering 
 their exact nature. It should be stated that white porcelain 
 has frequently been sent from other parts of Japan, and 
 
 F 2 
 
66 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE POEOELAIN. 
 
 especially from Arita, to the potteries in Kaga to be 
 decorated, which accounts for the Kutani mark appearing 
 on porcelain very various in composition. 
 
 A factory is said to have been founded at Wakayama in 
 the province of Kii, about 200 years ago. The Prince of 
 Kii brought there from Kioto the famous potter Yeiraku 
 Zengoro, who did much to improve the fabric. The pro- 
 ductions are known as Kisliiu ware, and are chiefly orna- 
 mented with formal patterns in outline in low relief, the 
 spaces between them being filled in with coloured glazes^ 
 chiefly blue, deep purple and yellow. It does not appear 
 to be much esteemed in Japan. 
 
 At Sanda, in the province of Setsu, a kiln was erected in 
 1690, on the Arita system, by the prince of Setsu, to imitate 
 Chinese celadon, in which it was successful. 
 
 The other factories of porcelain in Japan do not appear 
 to have been established before the present century. 
 
 In 1805 the manufacture was introduced into Seto, in 
 the province of Owari, by a potter named Kado Tamikichi, 
 son-in-law of one of the Arita porcelain makers, and so 
 important has the manufactory become, that porcelain is 
 known in Japan as Seto-mono or Seto ware. 
 
 In 1810 an imitation of Chinese porcelain called Agaye 
 was made at Inu-yama in the province of Owari ; and 
 about the same time it was introduced into several villages 
 of the province of Mino, where there are still no less than 
 110 kilns at work. 
 
 At Kioto, famous for its potteries, several of the manu- 
 facturers commenced during the present century to make 
 porcelain painted in blue (sometsuke) in imitation of Arita 
 ware, and this is especially the case at Kiyomidsu. 
 
 A factory near Tokio produces the elegant little eggshell 
 saki cups, of a pearly texture, delicately decorated in gold 
 and colours. The productions are known as Sheba ware, 
 and are occasionally enveloped in basket work of extra- 
 ordinary fineness. The manufacture, however, of eggshell 
 porcelain in Japan is not an ancient one, as it is stated that 
 it was first introduced into one of the factories of Hizen 
 in 1837. 
 
 Porcelain is made in Japan, as in China, of two different 
 materials, one fusible, the other infusible. There is, however, 
 a notable difference in the process, inasmuch as in Japan the 
 vessels are slightly fired in the state of biscuit before being 
 painted or glazed; the principal firing takes place after 
 these operations have been completed. Most vessels of 
 
CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 67 
 
 Japanese porcelain have small projections underneath, -which 
 have been produced by the supports used in baking, techni- 
 cally known 'as cockspurs. Where these occT]r on the speci- 
 mens in the collection they have been noted as "spur marks." 
 In other particulars the various processes employed in 
 making and decorating porcelain are the same as in China. 
 
 The older specimens of Japanese porcelain may be divided 
 into two kinds ; the iirst of these has a very white and 
 translucent paste ; the designs are archaic and simple ; a 
 tree of prunus and two quails, the sacred hairy -tailed tortoise, 
 the phoenix, a stork or two, and, very rarely, the figure of a 
 lady in Japanese court dress. These are not unfrequently 
 accompanied by hedges, apparently formed of straw banded 
 together. The colours employed are a strong red, a pale 
 bright blue, an apple green, and a peculiar lilac, as will be 
 seen by specimens exhibited, Nos. 478-48-5. This kind of 
 porcelain is believed to be that described in old French 
 catalogues as "premiere sorte du Japon," and was much 
 esteemed in France. It was copied at most of the early 
 porcelain works of Europe, such as at Dresden, where the 
 imitations were very close, at Chelsea on pieces bearing the 
 earliest mark, the raised anchor, at Bow, at St. Cloud, and 
 elsewhere. With regard to Bow the inscription belonging 
 to the well known bowl in the British Museum, painted by 
 Thomas Craft in 1760, furnishes an interesting piece of 
 information ; it states that this bowl is painted in the " old 
 Japan taste." Now a great part part of the design is not 
 Oriental, but the colours and general appearandfe closely 
 resemble the Bow plates with quails, which are evidently 
 copied from specimens of porcelain, such as those we are 
 describing. It appears, therefore, that both in England 
 and France this porcelain was recognised to be Japanese, 
 and of some antiquity. 
 
 M, Jacquemart, who has classed this kind of porcelain 
 under his "Famille Archaique," considers that it was made 
 in Corea. His arguments do not, however, appear to be 
 based on any sure grounds, and he acknowledges that the 
 devices upon' it are in many cases Japanese. It was pro- 
 bably made in one of the factories in Hizen, and speci- 
 mens still come from Japan as old Imari ware. 
 
 The second class is decorated in very rich colours, and 
 belongs to what M. Jacquemart calls " famille chrysanthemo- 
 pgeonienne," and which he attributes in great part to the 
 Chinese factories. The ornaments are frequently m panels, 
 enclosing birds or fabulous animals of good design. The 
 spaces between them are generally decorated with a, deep 
 
68 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 indigo blue, relieved with gold. The other colours chiefly- 
 employed are a deep red, brilliant black, and green. Among 
 the ornamentation frequently occurs the Kiku-no-mon, or 
 imperial badge of Japan, a flower somewhat like a single 
 chrysanthemum with 16 leaves. The covers of jars are sur- 
 mounted by figures in Japanese dress, or by kylins. Among 
 the finest specimens of this kind are sets of large vases and 
 beakers, which may possibly have been made in the first 
 instance for the Portuguese before they were excluded from" 
 Japan. There are also numerous bowls and saucer dishes, 
 very frequently fluted ; cups and saucers seem rarely to occui-. 
 This kind of porcelain, was probably made at Arita in the 
 province of Hizen. Most of the specimens must have been 
 manufactured for export, as few old examples are said to 
 remain in the country. It is not unusual to find on such 
 porcelain the marks of the periods of the Ming dynasty, ill 
 written and betraying a Japanese hand. 
 
 With regard to both porcelain and pottery it may be 
 well to remark that the taste of the Japanese is quite 
 diffierent from that of western nations. While in lacquer 
 the highest finish and perfection of manufacture is desired, 
 in the ceramic productions a rough artistic specimen is 
 far more valued in Japan that one of those marvels of 
 finish so much admired in Europe. Most of the large 
 and highly ornamented specimens are in fact made for 
 exportation not for home use. 
 
 Section A. — Plain White. 
 Figure op a Fish. Japanese porcelain, white. L. 2^ in. 462. 
 
 Section B. — Coloueed Glazes. 
 
 Seated Figuee of Jurojin, the god of Longevity. Japanese 
 porcelain. He is represented as an old man with a long pointed 
 beard and a broad cap, and holds in his right hand a sceptre ; 
 his left hand rests on his knee. The face and hands are in 
 brown biscuit ; the dress in dark green celadon and the cap in 
 pale celadon. On the bottom is engraved a Jjipanese inscription 
 to the following effect : " The virtuoso of Kioto, Kiyii of Kin- 
 ko-do (or Kiiiko hall), made this in the 6th year of Bun-sei, 
 the 9th month of the autumn." The sixth year of the period 
 Bun-sci corresponds with A.D. 1823. Compare Audsley and 
 Bowes, PI. X., Div. 4. fig. n. H. 9^ in. 463. 
 
 Wall Vase, in the form of a fish. Japanese porcelain, covered 
 with a deep lilac glaze. The fish, which is well modelled, has 
 an open mouth, and under the gills a place for suspension. 
 
SECTION B. — COLOURED GLAZES. 69 
 
 Mark, Ka-yei guan nen Nan-ki Otolio-yama set, " miide at 
 Otokoyama, in Southern Kii, in the first year of Ka-yei." The 
 iirst year of the period Ka-yei corresponds with A.D. 1848. 
 Kishiu ware. Height 11^ in. 463c(. 
 
 This fish appears to be the Ko-i of the Japanese ; see Kaempfer, 
 PI. xi., fig. 4. It is stated to frequent waterfalls. 
 
 Bottle. Japanese porcelain, pale green celadon with straight 
 neck, and two fishes forming handles. Mark in Japanese, 
 Himeji sei, " Made at Himeji." Tozan ware. IMght 7 in. 
 [PI. X. p. 121.] 464. 
 
 Himeji is in the province of Harima. The factory was founded by the 
 Prince of Sagai to imitate the Arita ware. Its productions are 
 known as Tozan ware, and are chiefly blue and white, or celadon. 
 
 Cup. Japanese porcelain, with nelumbium leaves and fruit 
 moulded in the paste and left a dull white ; the rest of the out- 
 side coated with celadon green glaze; within the cup a broad 
 baud painted in blue with water scenes, landscapes, &c. Mark 
 in Japanese (ill written) Ran-tei " Phcenix hall." H. 2J in., 
 diam. 3J in. 465. 
 
 Vase. Japanese porcelain, ornamented with designs otitlined in 
 rehef ; a foi'mal floral pattern of an archaic character, filled in 
 with a pale green glaze, slightly crackled ; the ground a dark 
 violet. Mark in Japanese, Ka-yei guan nen Nan-ki OtoJio-yama 
 sei, " Made at Otoko-yama, in Southern Kii, in the first year 
 of Ka-yei." The first vear of the period Ka-yei corresponds 
 with A.D. 1848. Kishiu' ware. H. 12 in. [PL X. 115.] 465a. 
 
 Kishiu ware made at Otoko-yama, province of Kii ; a factory is said 
 to have been founded in the province 200 years since. The prince of 
 Kii gave the title of Yeiraku to Zengoro of Ki6to who introduced 
 improvements into the fabric. 
 
 Vase. Japanese porcelain, with ornaments in low relief, consist- 
 ing of Chinese words in an ancient seal character, covered with 
 a purple glaze, and occasional patches of a greenish turquoise. 
 Kishiu ware. H. 12 in. 4656. 
 
 Globular Canistee and Cover. Japanese porcelain, orna- 
 mented with designs outlined in relief; a formal floral pattern 
 among which is the seal character Fuhi, " Happiness," re- 
 peated thrice on the canister, and once on the cover ; the 
 pattern is filled in with turquoise glaze, slightly crackled ; the 
 ground with a rich purple glaze. Mark, impressed, Kai-raliu 
 yen sei, " Made at the Kairaku house," Kishiu ware. H. 4^ in. 
 [PI. X. 127.] 465c. 
 
 Section C. — Painted in Blue. 
 
 Tv^^o OCTAGONAI. DiSHES. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark 
 blue ; in the centre a bird and plants ; broad border of rocks and 
 flowers ; gilt edges. Diam. 9J in. 466. 
 
70 CLASS V1I.~ JAPANESE POKCELAIN. 
 
 Pair ob^ deep Dishes, ten sided, with narrow borders. Japan- 
 ese porcelain, painted in blue ; a river scene, man in a boat, 
 and attendant approaching a lady ; mark, in the seal character, 
 -Fw^M, " Happiness." Diam. 11 in. [PI. XL 135.] 467. 
 
 Ten-sided Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; in the 
 centre a pomegranate around ten panels, with a formal flower 
 and the trunk of a prunus tree, placed alternately. Four 
 spur-marks. Mark of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465- 
 1488. (3.3.) Diam. 7f in. [PL I. 6.] 468. 
 
 Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; on the outside a 
 coarse running pattern of flowers and leaves. Mark in Japanese, 
 Nishina, a name. H. 3 in., diam. 6^ in. [PI. X. 116.] 469. 
 
 Eight-sided Tray. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; two 
 birds in a landscape, brown edge ; on the outside certain 
 characters twice repeated, with a difierent character between 
 each. Mark, a seal character, Roku, " Prosperity." Diam. 
 51 in. [PI. XI. 132.] 470. 
 
 Pair of Cups. Japanese porcelain, with scrolls in blue, and 
 flowers outlined in gold ; inside a flower. Mark, a swastika. 
 Diam. 3 in. [PI. XI. 139.] • 471. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, paiated in dark blue ; in 
 the inside of both a large flower, around which is an indistinct 
 landscape ; the whole of the outside of the cup is covered with 
 blue, excepting a horizontal band of white, on which are water 
 birds and shells. One spur mark. Diam. 3 in., 4i\ in. 472. 
 
 Vase, pouch-shaped, with cover. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blue, with leaves and an inscription. Modern. H. 2| in. 
 
 473. 
 
 Pair of Tea Bowls and Covers. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; landscapes, with boys in, various attitudes. Mark, 
 Togioku yen sei, "Made at the T6gioku house." Modern. 
 Diam. 2% in. [PI. X. 126.] 474. 
 
 Four Saki Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; on one 
 is a long inscription ; on the others branches of bamboo, fir- 
 tree, &c. ; on all is inscribed the name of the maker, Heihachi, 
 a noted potter of Kiyomidzu, near Kioto. Modei'n. H. 2|- in. 
 
 475. 
 
 Kiyomidzu, now the principal porcelain factory, is on the east side of 
 Ki6to, on the way to the famous temple of that name. 
 
 Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; with figures of 
 the Pa-sien or eight immortals standing on clouds ; outside five 
 storks, with clouds between them. Mai'k of the Chinese period 
 Seuen-tih, 1426-36. (2. 2. 2.) Diam. 10^ in. [PI, I. 5.] 476, 
 
 ^sfii^ to be a piodern Japanese imitation of Cbiiiese porcelain. 
 
SECTION C. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 71 
 
 Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre the 
 interior of a Chinese house, a man and a boy ; border of a 
 quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing 
 flowers ; on the outside sketchy landscapes and figures. Mark 
 of the, Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam. 
 10^ in. [PI. I. 6.] 477. 
 
 Said to be a modern Japanese imitation of Chinese porcelain. 
 
 Section D. — Painted in Colours. 
 
 Vase and Cover, hexagonal. Japanese porcelain, of very white 
 paste, painted in colours ; on each face a stiff growing plant 
 with red flowers and bluish green and blue leaves. On the 
 upper part and cover a band of red, with a running scroll of 
 bluish green issuing from a blue flower, and a border with 
 patterns in red ; this is interrupted by four quatrefoils enclosing 
 fruit. H. 13 in. 478. 
 
 The pattern of this and four following numbers seems to have been 
 copied in Chelsea porcelain. 
 
 Dish, ten-sided, with brown edges. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; a coiled dragon in centre ; round this 
 a broad border with trees, storks, and sacred tortoise. Four 
 spur-marks. Diam. 8f in. 479. 
 
 Saucer Dish, with indented brown edge in eight lobes. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; a fire-ti-ee, bamboo, 
 and prunus issuing from banded hedges ; two birds. Five spur- 
 marks. Diam. 8^ in. 480. 
 
 Saucer Dish, with fluted sides and scalloped edges. Japanese 
 porcelain; in the centre a blue dragon, with red and green details ; 
 around this four small cruciform patterns, and four standards, 
 painted in red and green with gilding. Four spur-marks. 
 Diam. 8^ in. '^ \ 481. 
 
 Pair of Saucer Dishes, with fluted sides and scalloped edges. 
 Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; trees 
 springing from a banded hedge, and a boy running away from 
 three tigers. Diam. 9f in. 482. 
 
 Two Saucers, with scalloped edges and fluted borders. Japan- 
 ese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; a tiger twisted 
 round the stump of a bamboo ; behind another bamboo and 
 banded hedges. One spur-mark. Diam. 6 in. 483. 
 
 Two Saucers, with scalloped edges and fluted border. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; a tree, banded 
 hedges, and two birds. No mark, but engraved in the paste 
 N 73, being the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 
 
 a 
 
 1{ in. 484. 
 
72 CLASS VII. — "JAPANESE POECELAIN. 
 
 Two Saucebs, with scalloped edges and fluted border. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; a tree, banded 
 hedges, and two birds. No mark, but engraved in the paste 
 N^?, being the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 
 
 61 in. 484a. 
 
 Squaee Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; on two sides baskets of flowers, and 
 on the others trees and birds ; on the top, corners of diaper 
 work and scrolls. 6^ in. high, 4| in. square. 485. 
 
 Bottle, with narrow neck. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding ; birds and flowers ; border round neck of 
 diaper work, H. 5| in. 485a. 
 
 Bottle, with narrow neck. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding; birds and flowers; border round neck of 
 diaper work. H. 4| in. 4855. 
 
 FiGxiEB of a Japanese lady. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 black and red ; she holds a branch of prunus flower, and her 
 dress is painted with a large flowering branch. Arita ware. 
 H. 11 J in. 486. 
 
 Large Vase and Cover. Japanese porcelaiuj painted in colours 
 with gilding ; three large panels with birds ; between them 
 blue scrollwork with golden chrysanthemums; on the upper 
 part, and on the cover, three medallions enclosing monsters. 
 The figure of a lion forms the knob of the cover. Arita ware. 
 H. 24^ in. 487. 
 
 Paie of large Vases and Covers. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; three large panels, with a similar 
 flowering branch in each ; they are connected by a rich orna- 
 ment, which appears also on the covers ; the ground covered 
 with a trellis pattern in gold on dark blue ; borders of scrolls 
 and flowers ; the covers are surmounted by figures of Japanese 
 ladies. Arita ware. H. 26 in. 488. 
 
 Pair of Beakees. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; two large panels with a similar flowering branch in 
 each ; they arc coimected by a rich oi^nament ; the ground 
 covered with a trellis pattern in gold on dark blue ; borders of 
 scrolls and flowers. Arita ware. H. 1 6 in. 489. 
 
 Paie op Vases, with covers. Japanese porcelain ; an interior 
 lining, and pierced outsides representing a network with 
 phcenixes painted in blue, red, and gold. Probably Nabeshima 
 ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen. H. 9^ in. 490. 
 
 A somewhat similar vase is engraved in Jaciiuemart and Le Biant, 
 PI. ii. fig. 2. 
 
 Pair of Bottles, gourd-shaped, in four stages, with narrow 
 necks. Japanese porcelain ; on the two lower stages are 
 
SECTION D. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 73 
 
 flowering plants painted in blue, red, and gold, the flowers 
 being in relief ; on the upper stages dragons and floral scroUs 
 in red and gold. H. 6f in. 491. 
 
 Paie of Bottles, with narrow necks. Japanese porcelain ; on 
 both sides of the body are heart-shaped depressions surrounded 
 by a raised band, and enclosing ornaments in relief; in one case 
 a cock and hen, in the other a flower and birds, all tinted in 
 colours ; the rest of the body is painted in colours with gilding; 
 flowers growing from the base; on the neck are spikes, alter- 
 nately blue and red. H. 9 in. 492. 
 
 Paie of Bottles, with narrow necks. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in blue and red, with gilding ; on the neck a leaf pattern, 
 irom which proceed branches of prunus. H. 8^ in. 493. 
 
 Fountain, or three-legged vessel, with handle, cover, and tap. 
 Japanese porcelain, with ornaments in relief, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; on the body eight figures, of which seven represent 
 the Fuku-jin or Japanese gods of Happiness ; on the upper 
 part rabbits with quatrefoil medallions between them ; on the 
 coyer two dragons. Arita ware. H. 17^ in. 493(3!. 
 
 Laege Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly blue 
 and red, with gilding ; in the centre a vase containing flowers, 
 on which are perched two birds ; on the border portions of 
 six compartments containing alternately a red flower on a blue 
 ground, and a butterfly with flowers on a black ground ; between 
 them chrysanthemum flowers, &c. Arita ware. Diam. 21^ in. 
 
 494. 
 
 Two Flat Dishes, with narrow edges. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in dark blue and red, with gilding; in the centre a medallion 
 with plants growing out of vases ; around this portions of six 
 medallions filled alternately with pinks and peonies, the latter 
 on a blue ground ; border of six medallions enclosing bamboos, 
 between each of which is a diaper in gold on a blue ground ; on 
 the outside three detached branches of prunus. Diam. 14J in. 
 
 495. 
 
 Dish, with wavy edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; in the centre two bouquets in vases ; border of 
 similar flowers on a black ground, interrupted by three medal- 
 lions enclosing landscapes ; on back running scrolls of flowers, 
 and, as a mark, a bunch of chrysanthemums in red and gold. 
 Five spur marks, and engraved N. 156, the number of the 
 Dresden Collection. Diam. 15 in. . 495«. 
 
 Deep Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark blue and red, 
 with gilding. Four fishes above the waves of the sea ; border 
 of six lobes with growing plants, the spaces filled with dark 
 blue and gold. Five spur-marks. Diam. 11^ in. 496. 
 
74 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Two Flat Dishes, with narrow borders. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours with gilding ; central medallion of a formal 
 flower pattern ; around this a band of heart-shaped ornaments, 
 traced in blue, with flowers and leaves ; narrow border, on the 
 sides, of a lozenge pattern traced in red ; outer border divided 
 into eight compartments ; four of them blue, with chrysanthe- 
 mum flowers in red and gold ; the others with shrimps, shells or 
 flowers. Three spur-marks. Mark, Fukki choshun, " The 
 perpetual spring of riches and honours." Diam. 9J in. [PL X. 
 128.] 497. 
 
 Two OcrAGONAL Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark 
 blue and red, with a little green enamel and gilding ; in the centre 
 a vase containing rockwork and flowers ; border with two com- 
 partments enclosing kylins, and two others of a difierent form 
 with stifi" floral patterns, between them scrolls and flowers ; out- 
 side flowering branches. Four-spur marks. Diam. 10^ in. 498. 
 
 Nine-sided Dish, with moulded border. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours ; in the centre a medallion with a landscape, 
 an old tree growing out of a rock, and three figures ; around 
 this a band of blue scale pattern ; border of basket pattern, in 
 black and green, with eight quatrefoils enclosing flowers and 
 separated by ornamental rims. Mark, in the seal character, 
 To-da Kichi-hei, the name of the maker. Diam. 13f in. 
 [PI. XI. 129,] 498a. 
 
 Two Saucek Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with ^ 
 gilding ; a central medallion enclosing an iris plant and flowers; 
 border of three quatrefoil medallions enclosing bamboos, stilf 
 gilt ornaments, clouds, &c., between each of which large peonies 
 and trellis work ; outer border of alternate blue and gilt scroll 
 pattern ; outside flowing floral scrolls. Four spur-marks. Mark, 
 a flower. Diam. 12 in. [PI. XI. 143.] 499. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 in the centre a circular medallion with a flowering plant ; around 
 it three medallions with plants growing out of rocks, between 
 which are branches of flowers; narrow border of elegant scroll 
 work ; on back three prunus trees, and branch of pruinis in 
 centre. Four spur-marks. Diam. 12^ in. 500. 
 
 Saucek Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours wilh gilding ; 
 in the centre a balustrade with iris and prunus ; around this trees 
 growing out of rocks ; narrow border of bamboo and other leaves ; 
 on the outside three floral branches growing out of symbols. 
 Four spur mnrks. Diam. 12f in. 501. 
 
 Saucek Dish, with sciilloped edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gill] ing; in the centre a circular medallion, with a 
 flower, and a floral border ; around it ii wreath of a large chrysan- 
 themum pattern ; on the back a running scroll of flowers. Four 
 spur-marks. Mark (or ornament) a sprig in red and gold. 
 Diam. lOi in. 502. 
 
SECTION D. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 75 
 
 Saucee Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; in the centre a cruciform flower, around which four 
 medallions enclosing baskets ; the rest of the ground deep blue 
 with formal flowers in other colours. Mark in gold on a blue 
 ground. Ho, " Precious." Silver gilt rim. Diam. 8^ in. [PI. 
 XI. 130.] 502a. 
 
 Two Saucee Dishes, with indented gilt edge. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours with gilding; in the centre branches of flowers ; 
 broad border of various plants ; on the outside branches of 
 flowers. Diam. 10^ in. 503. 
 
 Two Sauceb Dishes, with scalloped edges of sixteen foliations. 
 Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and red, with gilding ; in 
 the centre a flowering branch ; borders of a pattern four times 
 repeated, consisting of sunflowers and other plants; on the 
 outside, flowering branch. Three spur marks. Diam. 9\ in. 
 
 504. 
 
 Two Saucee Dishes, with scalloped edges of sixteen folia- 
 tions. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in 
 the centre a branch of prunus, with an edging of fawn colour, 
 green, and gold ; the lobes of the border are diapered with 
 repetitions of four difierent patterns, over which are raised 
 chrysanthemum flowers ; on the outside are running scrolls of 
 flowers. Four spur marks. Mark of the Chinese period Kea- 
 tsing, 1522-1567. (3.3.) Diam. Qi in. [PL' I. 10.] 505. 
 
 Dish, with scalloped edge and a border moulded in gadroons. 
 Japanese porcelain, painted in dark blue with colours and 
 gilding ; central medalHon of an indeterminate character ; border 
 of three gilt chrysanthemums, between which are three others 
 in dark blue, and flowers. Four spur marks. Mark of the 
 Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.), Diam. S^in. 
 [PL I. 6.] 506. 
 
 Dish, with scalloped edges and fluted bordei-. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in blue, red, and green, with gilding ; in the centre a 
 la,rge chrysanthemum with alternate gilt and bufi^ petals ; around 
 are branches, and smaller flowers of the same ; outside, running 
 scroll of flowers, Diam. 8 in. 507. 
 
 Saucee Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 iir the centre the Kiku-no-mon, or chrysanthemum badge of 
 Japan ; springing from this are flowering shrubs, across which 
 are two concentric bands of dark blue with chrysanthemums and 
 gold leaves ; at the hack floral scrolls. Seven spur -marks. 
 Diam. 9 in. 508. 
 
 Saucee Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding, a chrysanthemum flower in relief, of which the leaves 
 are painted with a flower in blue, alternately with red or fawn 
 colour ; border a formal floral pattern. Diam. 6f in. 509. 
 
76 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Saucer Dish, witl) scalloped edge. Japanese porcelain ; upper 
 part of a stork, slightly moulded in relief, -witli wings nearly 
 meeting over its head (probably a Japanese heraldic badge), 
 painted in colours with gilding. Three spur marks. Diam. 
 81 in. 510. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gUding ; in the centre a flower-sprig enclosed in a circular 
 medallion, from which spring flowering branches and banded 
 hedges ; outer border of quatrefoil pattern ; outside branches of 
 flowers. Diam. 8^ in. 510a. 
 
 Pair of Bowl Stanws, with scalloped and gilt edges. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in blue and red, with gilding ; in the centre, a 
 river scene with house, bridge, and three water fowl ; around 
 a landscape. Five spur marks. Mai-k, a dark blue leaf outlined 
 in gold. Diam. Sin. [PI. XI. 142.] 511. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and 
 red, with occasional touches of green and gilding; in the centre, 
 a circular medallion, enclosing a branch of blue flowers ; around 
 this six panels enclosing medallions, in which are alternately 
 a branch of peach tree on a white ground, and a- bundle of 
 books tied together on a red ground ; blue borders with small 
 flowers and patches of green ; outside running scroll in blue 
 Three or four spur marks. Mark, Ftikki choshun, " The per- 
 petual spring of riches and honours." Diam. 9J in. [PI. X. 
 128.] 512. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes, eight-sided. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours ; two small panels with landscapes, &c., irregularly 
 placed over a large flowering plant ; on the outside stiff blue 
 scroll. Four spur marks. Mark of the Chinese period Ching- 
 hiwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 8 in. [PI. I. 6.] 513. 
 
 Saucer Dish, octagonal, with indented angles. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding j inside a very large blue peony 
 sprig, with a gilt and red scroll behind it ; outside a running 
 scroU in blue. Mark of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465- 
 1488. Five spur marks. Diam. 8i in. [PL I. 6.] 514. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes, with indented edges. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours ; in the centre a pair of storks ; border with 
 blue rocks, from which spring flowers ; blue scroU on the back 
 of border. Three or four spur marks. Mark, Sem mio nen sei, 
 probably a blundered imitation of the Chinese, date Seuen-tih 
 of the Ming dynasty. Diam. 8i in. [PI. X. 125.] 515. 
 
 Saucer Dish, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours ; in the centre three birds and flowers ; border of 
 blue rocks, from which spring flowers ; outside blue scroll. 
 Five spur marks. Mark of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 
 1465-1488. Diam. 8J in. [PI. I. 6.] 516. 
 
SECTION D, — PAINTED IN COLOUES. 77 
 
 Saucek Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the 
 centre a landscape with two stags ; border of blue rocks, from 
 which spring flowers. Five spur marks. Mark; Tai-min 
 nen sei, in imitation of Chinese, Ta-ming nien chi. Diam. 
 8i in. [PI. X. 124.] 517. 
 
 Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in deep blue and red, with 
 gilding ; in the centre a vase containing flowers ; border of 
 plants interrupted by three medallions with phoenixes. Three 
 spur marks. Diam. 8J iu. 518. 
 
 Two Plates, with wavy gilt edges, Japanese porcelain,- painted in 
 colours with gilding ; m the centre a branch of chrysanthemum ; 
 border divided into eight compartments, containing alternately 
 a flower on a blue* ground, and a landscape or a phoenix ; on the 
 outside a stiff scroll in blue. Five spur marks. Diam. 9^ in. 
 
 519. 
 
 Two Plates. Japanese porcelain, painted iu colours with 
 gilding ; in the centre, three vases containing flowers ; border of 
 branches of flowers and birds. Four spur marks very evident. 
 Diam. 8| m. 520. 
 
 Two Plates. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; a party-coloured vase with rockwork and flowers ; above 
 two phoenixes ; border of fruit and flowers growing out of 
 rockwork. Four spur marks. Mark, a red flower. Diam. 8| in. 
 [PI. XL 140.] ~ 521. 
 
 Tbat, ten-sided. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue with touches 
 of red and gold ; a tiger cat, and a branch of bamboo ; stiff' 
 blue scroll border ; brown edge ; blue scroll outside. One 
 spur mark. Diam. 5\ iu. 522. 
 
 Fluted Bowl, Cover and Stand, with two flattened handles, 
 and raised ring on cover. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue 
 and red, with gilding ; each flute is marked out with a line of 
 gold, and over the whole are spread branches of chrysanthe- 
 mum ; in the centre of the saucer, the bottom of bowl, and 
 in the cover is a peony, and within the two latter, borders of 
 flower branches. One spur mark. H. 7 in., diam. 5 in., 8 in. 
 
 523. 
 
 Bo'wx, CovEK AND Stand, with scalloped edges. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in' blue and red, with gilding ; detached 
 branches of flowers, among which an iris ; gUt edges. Four 
 spur marks. Diam. 5f in., 5 in., 8 in. 524. 
 
 Bowl and Stand, with scalloped edges. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in blue and red, with gilding ; vases containing flowers, 
 from which proceed large scroUy leaves and other flowers ; 
 gilt edges. Mark, a blue leaf, over which is painted a red 
 flowering branch. Diam. 6 in,, 8 in. 525. 
 
78 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Shallow Basin, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a basket of flowers ; 
 border in four compartments, two with dark blue clouds and 
 flowers, the other two landscapes with banded hedges ; outside 
 a stiff" floral pattern and flower branch. Four spur marks. 
 H. 2i in., diam. 11 in. 526, 
 
 Basin. With perforated bottom and scalloped edge, resting on 
 three feet. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre 
 a pot containing flowers ; round the side are eight compartments 
 containing four patterns repeated. Diam. 9J in. 527. 
 
 Bowl, sixteen-sided, with scalloped edge. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding ; on the outside are eight panels 
 each occupying two sides, decorated alterbately with a white 
 quatrefoil, enclosing a plant, on a Jblue ground, and a growing 
 tree ; in the centre a bunch of fruit ; on the outside two 
 bunches of flowers, growing out of a narrow border, which is 
 partly diaper and partly flower work. H. 5 in., diam. 9| in. 
 
 528. 
 
 Bowl, fluted in 16 divisions, with scalloped edge. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a large 
 chrysanthemum flower ; the sides divided into panels, in which 
 are three different patterns, repeated, with raised chrysanthemum 
 flowers at intervals i outside a running pattern in blue. Mark, 
 Fukki choshun, " The perpetual spring of riches and honours." 
 H. 2i in., diam. 7 in. [PI. X. 128.] 529. 
 
 Bowl, fluted in 16 divisions, with scalloped edge. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a 
 chrysanthemum flower ; sides divided into panels, in which are 
 repetitions of four different patterns, with raised chrysanthemum 
 flowers at intervals ; outside panels with a repetition of four 
 different patterns, over which are interspersed four red circles, 
 enclosing white flowers, and four white circles, enclosing coloured 
 flowers. Mark of the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. 
 H. 3 in., diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 12.] 530. 
 
 Bowl, with indented edge, and five large lobes, between each 
 of which are three narrow flutes. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in red and blue, with gilding ; centre plain ; on the large lobes 
 three chrysanthemiim flowers and running blue scrolls; the 
 narrow flutes consist of a white one with a red diaper, between 
 two blue ones with gold diapers; on the outsides of the lobes a 
 fanciful bird. Diam. 8| in. 53 j_ 
 
 Bowl, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding; in the centre a flowering branch curled round ; 
 the sides divided into eight panels, encli enclosing a circle on a 
 blue ground, alternately a boy with long sleeves by a banded 
 hedge, and a white and gold flower with a red ground ; outside 
 eight circles alternately blue, with a phoenix in gold, and red, 
 
SKDTION D. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 79 
 
 with a gold flower and white leaves. Mark of the Japanese 
 period Gen-ki, 1570-1573. H. 2 in., diam. 5| in. [PI. X. 
 114.] 532. 
 
 Bowl, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; in the centre branches of flowers and leaves ; the 
 sides divided into six panels, ornamented alternately with a stiff 
 branch on a red medallion, surrounded by a blue ground diapered 
 in gold, and a large white flower with a red diapered ground ; 
 on the outside six stiff branches. Mark of the Chinese period 
 Wan-leih, 1573-1620. Diam. 6 in. [PL 1. 12.] 633. 
 
 Pair op Shallow Bowls, with wavy edges. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding ; the centre plain ; the border 
 consisting of three quatrefoil medallions, each containing a 
 formal flower on a green ground, with black dots, between 
 which a scroU pattern of flowers ; outside four red medallions, 
 with formal design of white and green leaves ; brown edges. 
 Three spur marks. Mark, a flower. Diam. 7^ in. [PI. XI. 
 143.] 534. 
 
 Pair of Shallow Bowls, with wavy brown edges. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; the centre plain, 
 but with a circle towards one side, containing a phoenix painted 
 in red; border of four medallions enclosing a dragon and a 
 formal pattern, between which a diaper of intersecting circles in 
 red and blue ; on the outside eight medallions, alternately a red 
 flower and a diaper. One spur mark. Mark of the Chinese 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 7^ in. [PI. I. 6.] 
 
 535. 
 
 Paie of Basins, with brown edges indented into eight lobes. 
 Japanese porcelain, painted in colours; in the centre a medallion 
 enclosing a fruit branch ; the sides divided into eight compart- 
 ments, containing alternately bamboos and flowers, and a formal 
 flower pattern ; outside a running pattern in blue. One spur 
 mark. Mark, a seal character. Kin, " Gold." Diam. 7 in. 
 [PL XL 133.] 536. 
 
 Bowl, with flat bottom and wavy edge. Japanese porcelain, 
 ■ painted in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a wreath of 
 flowers tied with ribbons ; the sides are divided into three com- 
 partments ; one of them, extending half way round the bowl, has 
 a scale pattern formed with bands of raised semicircles alter- 
 nately green and yellow ; the two other compartments each 
 occupy a quarter of the sides ; one of them is fluted, covered 
 with blue diaper, on which is a circle enclosing a monster, and a 
 red semicircle ; the other compartment is smooth and painted 
 with a landscape and railing ; on the outside a scroll pattern in 
 blue and red. Mark of the Chinese period 'Wan-leih, 1573- 
 1620. H. 2 in., diam. 6^ in. [PL I. 12.] 537. 
 
 Coyer of a Bowl, fluted, with scalloped edges. Japanese por- 
 celain, painted in colours, with gilding; outside three branches, 
 
 A 167, G 
 
80' 
 
 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 curled round into circles, between which grow three different 
 flowers mid shrubis, which arc continued over on the inside ; in 
 the centre of the inside a large chrysanthemum flower in gold. 
 Diam. SJ in. 538. 
 
 Twelve-sided Basist. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; in the centre a medallion containing a branch of 
 a flowering tree ; at the sides four medallions with plants, 
 between which are ornaments on a deep red ground ; on the 
 outside four green medallions, with a flower in each, between 
 which are branches of a flowering plant. Two spur marks. 
 Mark, Fukki cMshun, " The perpetual spring of riches and 
 honours." Diam. 9| in. [PI, X. 128.] 539. 
 
 Pair of shallow Bowls, twelve-sided. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a medallion, con- 
 taining a branch of a flowering tree ; at the sides four medallions 
 with plants, between which are ornaments on a deep red ground ; 
 on the outside four red medallions, between which are flowering 
 plants. Three spur marks. Mark, a seal character, Fuku, 
 "Happiness." Diam. 9| in. [PI. XI. 135.] 540. 
 
 Paie op Shallow Bowls, with indented gilt edge, forming six 
 lobes. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in 
 the centre two branches of flowers forming a circle ; the sides 
 divided into six compartments, alternately with a bamboo grow- 
 ing in a landscape, and a medallion enclosing a view with a 
 house; outside a flowing scroll in blue. Four spur marks. Mark 
 of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam. 84' in 
 [PI. I. 6.] "541." 
 
 Basin, octagonal, with flattened edge. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with gilding ; inside a medallion, enclosing a basket 
 of flowers ; at the sides a branch of iris and one of chrysan- 
 themum ; border of a floral pattern ; outside eight compart- 
 ments, containing alternately plants growing out of rocks, and 
 medalUons with red fishes or birds. One spur mark. Mark of 
 the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. H. 4 in., diam. 9^ in 
 [PI. I. 12.] ^542. 
 
 Basin, octagonal, with flattened edge. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with gilding; inside a medallion with Chinese 
 landscape ; border in compartments, enclosing alternately writing 
 symbols, and a red medallion on a bine ground ; outside, eio-ht 
 compartments ; two of them containing ancient Cliinese fl^ures 
 a gentleman and a lady before a rock ; two others, birds in a 
 tree ; and the remainder blue, with medallions, of which two 
 have a blue diaper, and two are red, with a white flower ; 
 below a running pattern in flowers. One spur mark. Mark of 
 the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. H. 3 in., diam 6i in 
 [PI. I. 12.] ^543. 
 
 Bowl AND Stand. Japanese porcelain, painted in jiolours with 
 gilding; in the centre of stand anied;illIon oo:itainiun- red flowers 
 
SECTION D. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 81 
 
 with blue leaves, from this spring three leaf-shaped compartments, 
 enclosing white flowers on a deep red ground ; the spaces 
 between them are filled with shaded lozenges fotmed of red 
 lines, over. which have been drawn indistinct figures in gold ; 
 lozenge border ; outside three floral branches ; on the bottom 
 a flower and leaves in blue. The bowl has similar decorations, 
 and a flower as a mark or ornament. H. of bowl, 3 in., diam, 
 4^ in., 7 in. [PI. XL 141.] 544. 
 
 Faik op Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; inside a medallion enclosing a flower, and an iris and 
 chrysantheiflum growing out of a narrow border, which is 
 divided into four compartments, alternately red and blue; out- 
 side two quatrefoil medallions, enclosing Japanese landscapes 
 with gilt clouds, between which are branches of chrysanthe- 
 mums ; border of red and blue lozenge pattern. Diam. 6| in. 
 
 545. 
 
 Paie of Bo"\vi.s. Japanese porcelain ; pierced edges formed by 
 interlacing circles alternately painted red ; inside a flower- 
 ing plant and butterfly, painted in blue with gilt' outlines. H. 
 3| in., diam. 8| in. 546. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; on 
 the outside a stifi" floral pattern, with a phoenix at intervals ; 
 border in red and gold on a blue ground ; inside a floral 
 branch, on which is perched a bird, and two patches of 
 salmon colour, with birds and butterflies ; one of the colours is 
 a metallic-lustered pink. Mark, FukM choshun, " The per- 
 petual spring of riches and honours." Diam. 9| in. [PI. X. 
 128.] 547. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 inside is the phoenix, the badge of the empire of Japan, sup- 
 porting in its beak a branch of the Paulownia imperalis, from 
 which the Mikado derives his arms ; outside a band of lotus 
 flowers interrupted by three panels, each enclosing a phcenix ; 
 rich l)lue borders with medallions enclosing bats and lions. 
 Diam. 8| in. 548. 
 
 Bowl, octagonal. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, with a 
 few touches of other colours and gilding ; inside, a landscape 
 and a border of various diapers ; outside eight views of scenery, 
 with inscriptions over them describing tteir nature. These are 
 probably eight famous views in the province of Orai. Mark, in 
 the seal character, copied from the Chinese, Pao ting chi chin, 
 " A gem amongst precious vessels." Diam. 8J in. [PI. XI. 131.] 
 
 549. 
 
 Two Sahcee Dishes. Japanese porcelain, with gilt edges; in 
 the centre the sacred tortoise painted in blue, around which 
 six medallions, containiLg alternately a brancli painted in blue, 
 or a dragon in gold on a green ground, with black dots ; the 
 
 Q 2 
 
82 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE POEOELAIN. 
 
 ground of the whole is diapered with white flowers raised in 
 enamel ; on the outside a stiff scroll in blue. Three spur marks. 
 Diam. 7f in. 350. 
 
 Pair of Dishes, in the form of fishes. Japanese procelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; the head and tail of the fish are 
 naturally represented, but in the centre is an angular compart- 
 ment with flowers, patches of diaper, and a Japanese inscrip- 
 tion. Mark, in black, over the glaze, Zoshun tei Sampo sei, 
 " Made by Sampo at the Zoshun Hall." Arita ware. L. 13 in. 
 [PI. X. 120.] 551. 
 
 A rich man of Arita, named Hiratomi Yojibeye, surnamed Sampo, 
 introduced some improvements in tlie manufactory about 1830. His 
 son of the same name continues the fabric. 
 
 Pair of Saki Bottles, of rounded quadrangular form, with very 
 small necks. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; on the lower part stormy waves painted in blue ; 
 above a series of tassel ornaments ; two borders round necks 
 which have a red design. Modern. H. 5\ in. 552. 
 
 Vase. Japanese porcelain ; it is in the form of a bag, painted blue, 
 and tied round the neck with a red cord ; within^ the mouth 
 various symbols in go'd ; on the lower part the waves of the 
 sea, over which are birds flying, all in relief ; the vase rests 
 on three little figures of boys painted in colours. Modern. 
 H. 9 in., diam. 10^ in. 553. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the 
 centre a branch of peony twisted into a circle ; border of fan- 
 shaped medallions on a red ground, enclosing flowers ; outside 
 running scroll in blue ; gilt edge. Mark of the Chinese 
 period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam. 12 in. [PI. I. 6.] 554. 
 
 Exhibited in the London Exhibition of 1862 by Sir Rutherford Alcock 
 as modern Japanese. 
 
 Pair of Staj^ds for Saki Cdps, with hemispherical bases 
 narrow circular tops, and three small feet. Japanese porce- 
 lain, painlied in colours; in the bowls a branch of flowers; on 
 the bases eight arched compartments enclosing flowers. H. 
 2| in., diam. 3i in. 565. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain ; large blue flowers, with 
 symbols interspersed in red and gold. Diam. 2^ in., 4 in. 556. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding; inside the cup, and i the centre of the saucer, a 
 cruciform design of leaves, issuing from a chrysanthemum 
 flower ; outside the cup, and on the border of the saucer, a band 
 of trellis pattern, in gold, filled in with green, interrupted in 
 two places ; in one by a group of two female figures, in the 
 
SECTION D. — PAINTKI) IN COLOUJIS. 83 
 
 Other by a" tuft of plants j gilt edgQS. Probably old Arita ware. 
 Diani. 2i in., 4^ in. 557. 
 
 See a cup in Jacquemart aud Le Slant, Plate iv, Fig. 1, where it is 
 described as Chinese. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and red, 
 with gilding ; in the centre of each a basket of flowers ; round 
 both a landscape on a black ground ; narrow borders with gold 
 leaves ; on the bottom of cup a flower in red. Diam. 2| in,, 
 4| in. 558. 
 
 Cup AjfD Saucee. Japanese porcelain ; it is slightly ribbed in spiral 
 bands, alternately ornamented with a white scroll on a blue 
 ground, and a red scroll on a white ground. Diam. 2| in., 
 4fin. 559. 
 
 This pattern was frequently copied at Worcester, 
 
 Two Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding < 
 on each of them three storks flying, and clouds. Mark, 
 Dai Nippon Vei-raku tsukuru, " Made by Yeiraku of Great 
 Japan." Diam. 3 iu. [PI. X. 118.] 560. 
 
 Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in black and red, with gild- 
 ing ; inside a water lily ; outside flowering branches. Mark, 
 Dai Nippon Kutani tsukuru, "Made at Kutani in Great 
 Japan." Diam. 3. in. [PI. X. 117.] 561. 
 
 Pair op Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in panels of red with 
 gilt details ; inside a fret border ; mark, in red, Kutani. 
 Kutani ware, province of Kaga. H. 1| in. diam. 2^ in. 
 [PI. Xr. 138.] '563. 
 
 Pair of Shallow Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; inside a branch of a flowering plant on a ground 
 with gold lines, and a red border, with gilt scrolls ; outside large 
 flowers on a green ground diapered with black scrolls. Mark, in 
 red, Kutani. Kutani ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 6 in. 
 [PL XL 138.] . 563. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in red, with gilding ; in the 
 centre a panel in which is a seated female with long hair ; 
 apparently one of the supernatural beings called by the Japanese 
 Sho-jo ; borders of flowers and gold scrolls on a red ground j 
 outside two panels, one with an old man and boy reading, the 
 other enclosing a landscape ; various diapers between them. 
 Mark, in gold, on a square red panel, Kutani. Kutani ware, 
 province of Kaga. H. 2 in., diam. 7 in. [PI. XI. 138.] 564. 
 
 CLASS VIIL— JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 However much the Japanese may excel in porcelain, it is 
 in their pottery that they show the most remarkable 
 success. 
 
«4 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTEKY. 
 
 From the earliest period pottery seems to have been 
 made in Japan, and it is possible that some of the specimens 
 that are dug up in that country belong to prehistoric 
 times. These are vases found on the sites of ancient burial 
 grounds, and containing small stone beads, and ornaments, 
 known as MagataTnct, whence the vessels tliemselves are 
 called Magatama-tsuho. Outlines of eleven sp^imens are 
 given by Siebold in Nippon, III. pi. 4, and a number of 
 them have been published by Ninagawfi Noiitan^ in the 
 work " Kwan-ko-dzu-setsu" (Tokio, 1876), with a French 
 translation of the text. There are no specimens in tiie 
 collection now exhibited, but one may be found at Ihe 
 South Kensington Museum (76,150). 
 
 In B.C. G60 an official is said to have been ordered by 
 the Emperor to make pottery for the use of the temples. 
 The pottery was hand made, and baked in a jjit in the 
 ground, and from want of skill in its manufacture the 
 colour was in patches. In B.C. 27 a follower of one of 
 the Corean princes settled at Hasama, province of Omi, 
 where he made pottery. After the invasion of Oorea by 
 the Empress Zingu, A.D. 200, a number of-Corean potters 
 came to Japan. In A.D. 472 it is recorded that several 
 different villages offered earthenware to the Fmperoi-, some 
 of which are still the sites of potteries. In A.D. 6.96 an 
 officer was appointed to supervise and encourage the making 
 of pottery, and about the same time Giyoki, a bonze of the 
 temple of Sugawaraji, in the province of Izumi, is said to 
 have invented the potters' wheel. 
 
 Some of the oldest potteries seem to have been founded 
 in the province of Bizen, where they are still at work at 
 Imbe and other places. Pottery is said to have been 
 made there as early as 97-30 B.C. The manufacture of 
 stoneware did not, however, commence till 1210. This 
 is of a dense paste strongly baked, and covered with a thin 
 brown or red glaze. Among the productions of this factory 
 may be noticed the figures of the seven gods of felicity, 
 cleverly modelled. 
 
 Another ancient factory is at Karatsu, province of 
 Hizen, which is said to have been founded towards the 
 end of the seventh centuiy of our era, on a Coiean model, 
 and is considered to have been the fii-st place in Japan 
 where glazed pottery was made. This factory had a oreat 
 reputation for the manufacture of vessels used by the 
 tea clubs, but is now in a state of decay. 
 
 There were also several potteries in the provinces of 
 Owari, especially at Seto, where Kado Shirozayemon 
 
CLASS VUI. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 85 
 
 ultima.tely settled on his return from China, where lie bad 
 gone in 1223 with a priest named Dogen to study the art 
 q{ making pottery. His productions were a kind of 
 stoneware, much esteemed by the tea clubs. His name 
 was abbreviated to Toshiro, a title preserved by, his 
 descendants to the fourth geneiation. Pottery wa>j also 
 made at Inu-yama and Oribe, in the same province. 
 
 At the end of the 13th century a pottery factory was 
 founded at Nagano-mura, in Shigaraki, province of Omi, 
 Avhich produced a ware with a streaky glaze, but not painted. 
 Another factory was in Iga, in the neighbourhood of 
 Shigaraki, the productions of which are singularly rough. 
 
 In the province of Chikuzen is a factory, at a village 
 called Sobara-nmra, the productions of which, known as 
 Takatori ware, are chiefly vases to hold incense, of stoneware 
 with a rich brown glaze. 
 
 At Hagi, in the province of Nagato, was a factory 
 much encouraged in the I7th century by a prince of the 
 house of Mori, who introduced Corean workmen. 
 
 In the same province is also the factory of Madsumoto, 
 which produces similar wares. 
 
 The same system was adopted for the Idsumo and 
 Fujina wares, made at Madsuye, province of Idstimo, as 
 well as at the Asahi factory at tJgi, province of Yamashiro. 
 
 Most of these wares are of a coarse substance, strongly 
 baked, simply glazed of various colours, and occasionally 
 inlaid with white clay. 
 
 The long continuance of this little ornamented ware 
 seems to have been due to the admiration of the Japanese 
 for Corean pottery, and the extension of the fashion for 
 forming clubs to drink powdered tea. The ceremonies 
 connected with this usage were numerous and complex ; 
 the vessels employed in it were to be of a coarse and 
 archaic character, if possible not turned on the lathe. The 
 tea used was the finest green tea, ground to powder, and 
 frothed up with a brush ; it was passed in a bowl from 
 hand to hand ; the exact size of the room in which the 
 tea was to be drunk was prescribed, and the various solemn 
 forms to be observed in connexion with it. These tea 
 clubs had a very strong influence on the art of pottery in 
 Japan, and were the cause of the production of many of 
 the quaint specimens to be found in collections. 
 
 The tea clubs gave an impulse especially to the making 
 of Raku v/are. A Corean named Amej'a, surnamed Chojiro, 
 settled at Kioto (then called Miako) about 1558-69, and 
 founded a pottery there. He died in 1574, and bis son of 
 
86 OLA.SS Vltr.— ;fAPANESE I'OTTERY. 
 
 tte same name received a gold seal to mark his wares 
 from the famous Taiko Hideyoshi, on which was inscribed 
 Raku, " Happiness," which gave its name to the pottery. 
 The present maker, Kichizaj'^emon, is of the 11th genera- 
 tion. The products were chiefly bowls for drinking 
 the powdered tea, thick, unshapely, and little decorated, 
 but remarkably smooth to the lips. Branch factories 
 were established on the Raku system at Ohi-machi, near 
 Kanazawa, province of Kaga, at Nagoya, province of 
 Owari, near Tokio, and elsewhere. 
 
 The more ornamental kinds of pottery were chiefly pro- 
 duced, at Ki6to, and in the province of Satsuma. 
 
 A native of Nono-mura, surnamed Ninsei, founded 
 kilns at different places near Ki6to, for instance, at Awata, 
 Woro, Mizoro, Kinkozan, and Seikanji, from which sprang 
 the factories at Gqjosaka, Kiyomidsu, and Iwakurazan 
 The two principal branches of the fabric are at Awata and 
 Kiyomidsu. At the former place there are now 1 2 families 
 making faience ; at the latter, both pottery and porcelain 
 are made ; there are 11 families of porcelain makers, 21 
 making faience, and 13 both pottery and faience. There is 
 also an ancient pottery at Ki6to, founded by a family cailed 
 Yei-raku, a title bestowed upon them by the Prince of Kii. 
 The present maker is of the 1 3th generation. They make 
 both earthenware and porcelain, especially the latter. An 
 offset of the Awata pottery was established at Igano-mura, 
 island of Awaji. 
 
 The famous Satsuma ware, so much prized by collectors, 
 is now made at Nawashirogawa, province of Satsuma. 
 Pottery making was introduced into the province from 
 Corea, about 1467-1486. At first, only stoneware was 
 made, glazed with coloured oxides, and a wh,ite ware imi- 
 tated from Oorean. The kiln was of peculiar form, on a 
 Corean model. The finely crackled ware is said to date 
 from about 1592, when the prince of Satsuma settled in his 
 province several Corean potters with their families, first at 
 Kagoshima and afterwards at Chiusa, province of Osumi, 
 whence they removed to Nawashirogawa. About 1630, the 
 decoration in gold outline commenced. 
 
 The Satsuma ware made at Chiusa, known as Ko-chiusa, 
 resembles a very smooth ostrich egg in texture and colour, 
 and is very delicately decorated. Another ware is grey, 
 inlaid with white, like the pottery of Yadsushiro, and is 
 closely copied from Corean. 
 
 Much of the modern Satsuma is decorated at Tokio and 
 elsewhere, and it has been closely imitated at Ota and 
 
CLASS VIII. — JAPANESK POTTERY. 87 
 
 Kioto, but the imitations are yellower than the original 
 ware. It is said that there are no genuine specimens of 
 Satsuma with marks, or painted with figures. 
 
 Soma ware is a peculiar fabric, made at Naga-mura, 
 province of Oshiu, in the north of Nippon. It consists 
 chiefly of small drinking cups, with a rough indented sur- 
 face on the exterior, and with a horse in relief or painted, 
 sometimes tied to a stake. This design is stated to have 
 been invented by a celebrated painter, named Kano Naonobu, 
 living about 1670. The name of the ware is said to be 
 derived from the title of the prince in whose territories the 
 manufactory was situated, and whose heraldic badge occurs 
 sometimes on the specimens. There are various supersti- 
 tions connected with the Soma cups, the accounts of which 
 are somewhat conflicting. 
 
 The well known Banko ware, is very various in style, 
 and includes at least two distinct factories. 
 
 The first, the Yedo Banko, was established about 1680, 
 in the village of Komume-mura near Tokio (Yedo), by a 
 man named Banko-Kichibeye, and resembles some of the 
 Kutaui wares. This factory is discontinued. 
 
 The other, the Ise-Banko, was founded about 30 years 
 since at Kuwana, in the province of Isd, by a man named 
 Yu-setsu, who assumed the name of Banko. He is still 
 living, but has discontinued working. He made a peculiar 
 kind of stoneware, unglazed. The -pottery is thin, and 
 being finished off with the finger and thumb before baking, 
 shows the lines of the skin of the hand on its surface. In 
 later years, Hashimoto Chiuhei has established a kiln at 
 Kabasaki, in the province of Shimotsuke, where he produces 
 a similar ware to Banko Yu-setsu, with whom he studied. 
 
 Pottery is known in Japan under the general term Yaki, 
 or Yaki-mono ; and the crackled wares as Hihi Yaki ; the 
 celadon, is called Sei^i (whether native or Chinese) ; and 
 stoneware is termed Shaki. 
 
 The more ornate varieties of Japanese pottery have been 
 well represented an Messrs. Audsley and Bowes's Keramic 
 Art of Japan. 
 
 Incense Burnee, in the form of the figure of a man. Yellow 
 glazed Japanese pottery. The figure is cleverly modelled, and 
 hollow, dividing in two at the waist. His arms are behind him, 
 his head slightly raised, and he appears to be watching the 
 smoke which curls out of his open mouth when the incense is 
 burning. Inside is engraved Katsu-masa saku no, " Katsu- 
 raasa made this." Probably Kioto ware. H. U^ini 564q!; 
 
88 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Satjcek Dish. Japanese pottery, enamelled in colours, with gild- 
 ing, on a pale yellow ground ; two cocks, a curtain, and brightly 
 coloured flowei's ; back coloured green with black scrolls. Mark, 
 in black, Kutani. Kutani ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 
 14f in. [PI. XI. 138.] 565. 
 
 Bowl. Light-brown Japanese stoneware, coated with a grey glaze, 
 and painted with colours and gilding ; groups of archaic figures 
 drinking, man on horseback, &c., iu vivid colours ; the rim of the 
 foot has a nick cut in it ^before glazing. Mark impressed, 
 probably Ninsei, the maker's name Kioto ware. H. 3^ in., 
 diam. 4^ in. 566. 
 
 WiDE-MOUTiiED PoT. Yellow glazcd Japanese pottery, painted in 
 colours with gilding; on the body detached hexagons and 
 sprigs ; above two borders, one of them a pattern in lozenges, 
 red and gold, the other half quatrefoils. Satsuma ware, H. 
 3 iu., diam. 2| in. 567. 
 
 Squat Bottle, cream coloured Japanese ware, painted iu colours, 
 with gilding ; four tortoises following one another. Satsuma ' 
 ware. H. 2 in. 568. 
 
 Tea Pot. Japanese pottery, of very thin grey ware, semi-trans- 
 parent ; rough surface showing the nuirks oT the finger and 
 thumb ; on the lid a badger beating his belly ; on the side an 
 inscription in Japanese, signifying that it was made by the 
 Japanese potter Yensozeno. Ise Banko ware. H. 3 in. 569. 
 
 Tea Pot. Japanese pottery, translucid, white and brown ; open- 
 work gallery round the upper part ; on the cover a bird 
 perched on a hoop. Two stamped marks, Banko and Nippon 
 Vu-setsu, Ise Banko ware. H. 3^ in. [PI. XI. 136.] 569a. 
 
 Sauoee Dish. Japanese pottery, of grey coloured ware, with a 
 group of flowering plants enamelled in relief. Diam. 15 in. 
 
 570. 
 
 Jae AND CovEK. Brown Japanese pottery, roughly made, with 
 irregular splashes of grey and brown glaze, slightly crackled. 
 Two stamped marks in Japanese, one of them Kahi-tsubata, 
 "The Iris," the other Go-Jwku-san, "Native product." H. 
 8|in. [PI. XL 137.] 571. 
 
 Similar pottery is made at Inu-yama, province of Owari. 
 
 CLASS IX.— SIAMESE POECELAIN. 
 
 M. Jaoquemart, in the two works cited in our Preface, 
 as well as in a more recent work, " Les Merveilles de la 
 Ceramique," has tried to establish the existence of Indian 
 or Hindoo porcelain. Chardin, writing in 1650, states 
 that no faience was made in India; " that which is employed 
 
CLASS IX. — SIAMESE PORCELAIN. 89 
 
 there is all carried either from Persia, China, or Japan." 
 This is confirmed by the numerous fragments discovered in 
 the ruins of Bijapur, destroyed in 1689, which appear to be 
 chiefly the siliceous wares of Persia, or Chinese porcelain. 
 Some of the fragments bear Chinese inscriptions and dates, 
 others Arabic inscriptions, evidently copied by persons 
 ignorant of the language. There is nothing which can be 
 considered Hindoo but the coarse common pottery. , 
 
 It might of course be argued that a porcelain manufac- 
 tory was established at a later date, but if so nothing is 
 known of it by those who have made India their study. 
 It was only about 1864 that an unimportant fabric was 
 started, which has produced common porcelain of no great 
 merit and of European designs. 
 
 M. Jacquemart founds his opinion of the existence of an 
 Indian manufactory of porcelain on copies from Indian 
 drawings similar to those exhibited under Nos. 622, 623, 
 which are unquestionably of Chinese origin ; on plates 
 with inscriptions like Nos. 619, 620, 621, which betray in 
 their inaccuracy the hand of a copyist unacquainted with 
 the language he was writing, so much so that the inscrip- 
 tion on one of them (evidently Indian titles) cannot be 
 deciphered. 
 
 By a strange confusion of geographical notions he mixes 
 up Hindostan with Siam, Cochin China, &c., inhabited by 
 very difierent races, with different religions and styles of 
 art. A passage which he quotes from the History of King- 
 te-chin mentions imitations of vases of Tung^Yang, wbich 
 is translated by M. Stanislas Julien as " Indo-Chine ;" 
 but this can scarcely be brought forward as an argument 
 that the Hindoos were acquainted with the art of porcelain ; 
 and it so happens that Julien's translation is very doubtful, 
 as Tung- Yang signifies Eastern Ocean, the name given by 
 the Chinese to the sea east of Japan, and in Williams' 
 Dictionary it is explained as meaning Japanese. 
 
 In the Chinese geographical work " Tung se Yang 
 Kaou " the Tung- Yang is made to include some of the 
 Asiatic Islands and Japan. 
 
 Three of the specimens described below have evidently 
 been made at the same place ; they exhibit a very peculiar 
 colouring, especially a deep red ; the paste is exceedingly 
 dark in colour, so that it has been found necessary to cover 
 as far as possilDle all the surface with ornament, , and in the 
 few parts intended to appear white to cover the paste with 
 white enamel. M. Jacquemart at first described similar 
 specimens as Indian ; but he seems subsequently to have 
 considered them to be Siamese, and speaks of similar 
 
90 CLASS IX. — SIAMESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 examples having been brought from that country by a 
 French expedition, Nothing, however, definite seems to 
 be known of the place at which they are made, nor has a 
 curious mark on one of them been explained. 
 
 The two remaining specimens were probably made in 
 China for the Siamese market. 
 
 Bowl. Siamese porcelaia, of a grey paste, painted in colours j the 
 only part of the paste left visible is under the foot ; inside a 
 circular medallion, with a quatrefoil design on a red ground, 
 and two narrow borders ; outside a broad band with two narrow 
 borders on each side ; on the band two medallions, enclosing 
 half lengths of divinities on a red ground ; between them animals 
 with female heads, and a flame-like ornament on a black ground. 
 Mark, in dark blue, an unknown character. H. 2\ in., diam. 
 41 in. Probably made at Chan-ta-bun, Siam. [PI. VI. 78.] 
 
 572. 
 See for similar decoration Jacquemart and Le Blant, PI. xvii., Fig. II. 
 
 Deep Plate. Siamese porcelain, very thick, and of coarse paste, 
 painted in coloui's, with gilding, so as to conceal the original 
 surface. In the centre a toad or frog on a grass green ground, sur- 
 rounded by a band of bluish green, and another of grass green, 
 beyond is a strip of dull red. Border of ducks and fishes, with 
 water jjlants on a gilt ground. The back is covered with pale 
 green, and has a red band and blue edge. Diam. 8| in. 
 
 573. 
 
 Deep Plate. Siamese porcelain, very thick, and of coarse paste, 
 painted in colours, with gilding, so as to conceal the original 
 surface. In the centre a black and white hare on a grass green 
 ground, surrounded by a band of bluish green, and another of 
 grass green ; beyond a strip of dull red. The border has four 
 hares running, with leaves and foUage, on a gilt ground. The 
 back is covered with pale green, and has a red band and blue 
 edge. Diam. 8f in. 574. 
 
 Xhe frog or toad and the hare, according to Eastern mythology, inha- 
 bit the moon, and marvellous stories are related of them. 
 
 Bowl and Covee. Chinese porcelain, decorated in the Siamese 
 style, enamelled in colours with gilding ; inside plain ; outside 
 covered with a trellis of green branches, with blue flowers at 
 the intersections, enclosing a formal pattern in gold ; within 
 the circular raised ring of the cover is a rose pattern in blue 
 and green ; gilt edges. H. 5^ in., diam. 8^ in. 575. 
 
 Shallow Bowl, on foot, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain 
 decorated in the Siamese style, enamelled with colours in relief, 
 and gilding ; the pattern a stiff design, with a green ground 
 on the edge, smd a red ground on the foot. H. 2| in., diam. 
 6i in. 576. 
 
 A vase of similar form and decoration is engraved in Jacquemart and 
 Le Blant, PI. xviii., Fig. 1, where it is described (p. 374) as Indian. 
 
01,. X. — OBIENTAI- POKOELAIN WITH FOKEfGN DESIGNS. 91 
 
 CLASS X.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN 
 
 DESIGNS. 
 
 It has been thought convenient to make a separate 
 section for all Oriental porcelain showing in its decoration 
 evident proofs of foreign design, without attempting to 
 class them under the heads of Chinese and Japanese, as 
 these specimens do not exhibit such distinctive charac- 
 teristics of the country in which they were painted as those 
 with native patterns. In separating this class, it has also 
 been thought desirable, where painting has been employed, 
 to go by the painted designs alone, not by the forms. If 
 form had to be the basis of classification it would be 
 difficult to know where to stop ; for instance, all dishes and 
 plates with flat edges must have been made for foreign 
 use, as the Chinese do not employ such things, though 
 in many cases the designs on them are purely Chinese ; all 
 tea cups with handles, coffee pots, &c. would have to be 
 considered as of European design, so that this section would 
 far outnumber all the rest, and the series would become 
 less instructive. 
 
 Oriental porcelain must for many centuries have been 
 finding its way into other countries ; but it would require 
 a considerable demand, and no little influence, to induce 
 so conservative a nation as the Chinese to abandon or 
 modify their native designs'; for though their country has 
 seen many vicissitudes, and been conquered by other 
 races, the native style has been very little modified from 
 without. The Chinese have in fact assimilated their con- 
 querors to themselves. 
 
 The earliest specimens modifled to a foreign taste would 
 naturally be anything made in China for Japan, or in Japan 
 for China ; next the wares furnished to other Asiatic nations 
 or to Egypt, and lastly those made for Europe. 
 
 It would appear from Pere d'Entrecolles and other 
 sources that, in 1712, Japan was a purchaser of porcelain in 
 China, and he further mentions a little plate painted' with 
 a Crucifixion, which, he was informed, had been made to 
 be smuggled into Japan at the close of the 17th century. 
 
 With regard to porcelain made for the Asiatic market, 
 there are five specimens in the collection ; two of these 
 (619, 620) are saucers with Arabic inscriptions from the 
 Koran, incorrectly written, and resemble a bowl and saucer 
 in the collection of M. Charles Schefer, of Paris, which are 
 
92 CL. X. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 inscribed with the name of the provost of merchants at 
 Cairo. 
 
 Another dish (621) has evidently been made for the 
 Indian market. Two others (622, 623) are painted from 
 Indian drawings which have been copied with great fidelity 
 and care. Their Chinese origin is, however, betrayed by 
 other portions of the ornaments. As we have already 
 stated, M. Jacqnemarfc has described a similar specimen as 
 Indian porcelain. 
 
 From Pere d'EntrecoUes' letters it is clear that even 
 as early as his time the great manufactory of King-te- 
 chin made specimens with foreign designs ; for instance, " the 
 porcelain," he says, " which is transported to Europe is 
 generally made on new models, often of a strange form, 
 and difficult to succeed in making, for the least defect 
 the European [merchants] reject it, and it remains on the 
 hands of the workmen, who cannot sell it to the Chinese 
 because it is not according to their taste." He after- 
 wards speaks of the models as having been sent from 
 Europe. In his letter of 1722 he mentions that there had 
 just been made large vases of three feet high and more, with- 
 out tlie covers, which rose in shape of a pyramid to the height 
 of another foot. These pieces had been ordered by the 
 merchants of Canton, who did business with Europeans, and 
 had taken a great deal of trouble to make, as out of eighty 
 only eight had succeeded. 
 
 In the History of King-te-chin there are numerous 
 notices of porcelain made in the European taste, and of 
 vases painted with enamels in the European style, land- 
 scapes, figures, fiowers, animals, &c. " of most delicate execu- 
 tion and marvellous perfection." 
 
 It is evident, therefore, that in China porcelain was made 
 for exportation from designs furnished by Europeans, and 
 if this was the case at King-te-chin, we should naturally 
 find that the factory at Shaou-king Foo to the west of 
 Canton must have made still more. Abb^ Raynal, in 1774, 
 mentions this factory, and states that the porcelain known 
 in France under the name of " porcelaine des Indes " was 
 made there. 
 
 It is probably, therefore, from these two factories, and 
 especially from the latter, that proceeded the numerous 
 services for dinner and tea, differing altogether from the 
 appliances of the same kind used in China. Many of these 
 services have on them the armorial bearings of the persons 
 for whom they were made. Even royalty patronized 
 Chinese porcelain ; portions of services made for Frederic 
 
CL. X. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS. 93 
 
 the Great, and the royal families of Denmark and France 
 are in the collection. There seems also to have been a 
 large service made for the Palace of the Swedish Kings at 
 Gripsholm, tlie name of which is inscribed on the various 
 pieces. The arms of families of rank are often found, 
 and naturally those of wealthy merchants both in England 
 and abroad. There is such a similarity of style in the 
 arrangement of the decoration of much of this armorial 
 china that there must have been some agent, either in 
 England or at Canton, who supplied, the designs and super- 
 intended their execution. 
 
 M. Jacquemart has ascribed to Japan, what Abb^ Eaynal 
 calls " porcelaine des Indes," our " India china," as well as 
 the armorial specimens ; but he has come to this conclusion 
 on the most slender grounds ; he argues that the Dutch 
 India Company was the only important company which 
 could have caused such a name to be given to its imports, 
 and that that company traded with Japan. He lias, how- 
 ever, quite overlooked the very important India companies 
 of England, Sweden, and Denmark, which had a large trade 
 with China, and that even the Dutch carried on a very 
 considerable commerce with that country, using Batavia 
 as their depot. In the elaborate sale catalogue of the 
 collection of M. Angrand de Fonpertuis, prepared by 
 Gersaint of Paris in 1747, the Chinese and Japanese are 
 generally spoken of as " Indiens." Moreover, the porcelain 
 with armorial bearings is probably far more common in 
 England than in Holland, and our country had no direct 
 communication with Japan. There are also many speci- 
 mens which can be traced to families connected with China, 
 or which are known to have been made to order in tliafc. 
 country. 
 
 While, however, the " India china " has on one hand 
 been attributed to Japan, it has on the other, and by a still 
 more singular hallucination, been ascribed to Lowestoft 
 in England. 
 
 There can be no doubt that there was a considerable 
 manufactory of porcelain at Lowestoft, but this was of the 
 usual English soft paste. The evidence of hard paste having 
 been made there is of the most unsatisfactory kind ; chiefly 
 the indistinct recollection of persons not acquainted with the 
 difference between hard and soft paste. A few specimens of 
 white Oriental porcelain may have been decorated at Lowes- 
 toft, such as one belonging to Lady Charlotte Schreiber, but 
 they must be rare, as most of the services of such porcelain 
 with European decorations seem to belong to an earlier date. 
 
94 OL, X. ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 The supporters of the Lowestoft theory (which is now, how- 
 ever, nearly exploded), must have been embarrassed by the 
 enormous number of specimens that exist, and by the occa- 
 sional occurrence of dated examples too old for the so-called 
 invention of hard paste at Lowestoft, such for instance as 
 the Punch Bowl (No. 6256.), dated 1769, eight years earlier 
 than the supposed time of the invention. Why, moreover, 
 should English painters, ia executing European dasigns, 
 give in the minor details those Chinese touches which 
 at once reveal the Oriental artists. Had the subjects been 
 Chinese such a proceeding would be natural. 
 
 The result has been that a class of Oriental porcelain 
 formerly little cared for, and possessing no great merit, has 
 been elevated in popular esteem, but it is to be hoped that 
 in time it may iind iis level. 
 
 Section A. — ^Plain White. 
 
 Pair of Vases and Covees. Chinese porcelain, with ornaments 
 moulded in relief ; plain white ; made from an European 
 design ; the lower part of the body with leaves ; the covers wiih 
 flutes and running pattern ; perforated edge to the body ; on 
 both body and cover two masks as handles ; square bases. H. 
 9^ in. 577. 
 
 Seated Figube. White Chinese porcelain ; a man in foreign 
 costume, probably an European, with long hair, round hat, long 
 coat, gaiters, left leg raised on seat ; by his right leg a monkey ; 
 on the seat a bird and tree in low relief. H. 12| in. 578. 
 
 Group. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; two men in European 
 costumes, with three cornered hats ; one standing, the other 
 seated on the ground. H. 2| in. 579. 
 
 Geotjp of FOtTE FiGUEES. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; an 
 European gentleman and lady seated ; cups in their hands, at 
 their sides a boy and girl standing ; in front, a flower pot, a 
 dog, and a monkey with its young. H, 6 in. 579a. 
 
 Section B. — Painted in Blub. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; siege of a town, said 
 to be Rotterdam, after an European design ; border of quatre- 
 foil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing flowers. 
 Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam. 8 in. [Pl. 
 I. 6.] 580. 
 
 Paie of Tall Cups and Saucers. Oriental porcelain, painted in 
 blue, with a Dutch design known in Holland as the Koekoeh in het 
 Huisjc (the cuckoo in the house) ; a small building on a platform 
 with trees and plants; two birds above. Inside the cups, 
 
SECTION B. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 95 
 
 flowers and four fishes ; wreath borders. M avks on cups the 
 shell symbol with, in one case, the number of the Dresden 
 Collection ; on one of the saucers a bird with N = 665 iind 
 a zig-zag, being the number of the same collection ; on the other 
 a sceptre head, Diam. 3 in. [PL VII. 80., IX. 105, 109.] 
 
 581. 
 
 Tall Covered Cup and Saucer. Oriental porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; on the cover a medallion representing an European king 
 and queen seated ; around it ten compartments, in which alter- 
 nately are a kneeling figure and a plant ; on the cup is a large 
 pan el with the same king and queen, and eight smaller panels 
 with kneeling figures and plants; around the edge the following 
 inscription, l'ejipiee de la vertu est etabli jusq'au bout 
 DE l'unees. (Univers.) Mark, a square. H. 3i in., diam. 
 3i in. [PI. V. 66.] 582. 
 
 See Jaoquemai't and Le Blant, pi. xvi, fig. i. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. (Oriental porcelain, painted in blue ; in the 
 bottom of each a medallion with flowers ; around each a copy 
 of an European design ; the sea with a fortress, ship, rock, and 
 syren rising from the waves, above, a label inscribed, gardes 
 vous DE LA SYRENE. Mark, a square. Diam. 3| in., 5^ in. 
 [PI. V. 66.'] 583. 
 
 Cup. Oriental porcelain, painted in blue ; on each side a 
 rudely drawn crucifix, from the ground under which proceed 
 scrolls ; borders of trefoils and of floral scrolls. H. 2| in. 
 
 584. 
 
 Pere d'Entrecolles, in his letter of 1713, mentions obtaining, at King- 
 te-chin, a little plate painted witli the crucifixion, and states that 
 porcelain so decorated used to he imported secretly into Japan, hut 
 had not been made for some years. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese poi'celain, painted in blue ; a woman with 
 three children, probably taken from an European design of 
 Charity ; on each side is a flowering plant with birds and butter- 
 flies. Mark, a five leaved fiower. Diam. 6 J in. [PI. IX. 104]. 
 
 584a. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 probably from European designs ; storks swallowing fishes ; 
 above them wreaths ; blue border ; inside the cuyi a flower with 
 stiff leaves slightly engi-aved in the paste; pale brown edges. 
 Diam. 3^ in., 5{ in. ' 585. 
 
 Two Octagonal Soup Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue from European designs ; a tree, shepherdess, and sheep ; 
 inner border of quatrefoil pattern ; outer border of flowers and 
 butterflies. Diam. 8| in. 586. 
 
 Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. Chinese 
 design, with a quail and a grasshopper on rocks with plants ; 
 A 167. H 
 
96 CL. X. — ORIENTAL POECELAIK VfiXH 
 
 r VJXVfjXiXi^ X'.uoxvr^-vi^* 
 
 border of flowers and symbols united by scrolls ; in one part 
 the border is interrupted to make room for a shield of arms, 
 viz., quarterly, 1 and 4, a raven ; 2 and 3, on a mount an eagle 
 close, looking at the sun in its glory ; a mullet for difference, 
 Laroche ; on an inescutcheon a chevron between three coronels 
 of spears, Veamans. Crest, a raven. Diam. 9 in. 586a. 
 
 James Laroche, of Over, in Almondsbui-y, co. GlouceBter, born in 
 1734, and M.P. for Bodmin, was third eon of John Laroche. He 
 married in 17()4 Elizabeth Eachel Anne, daughter and heir of 
 William Yeamans, of Antigua, and was created a baronet 17th 
 August 1776. The service of which this plate formed part must 
 have been ordered after his marriage in 1764, and before he became 
 a baronet in 1776, as the distinctive mark of a baronet is absent. 
 
 Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue with three Chinamen 
 seated, splitting rods ; in the background a building ; the border 
 of strange scrolls and shells, evidently modifications of an 
 European design; on the back the figure 4. Diam. 11 in. 
 
 587. 
 
 4- 
 
 Other specimens, apparently portions of the same service are known, 
 with various Arabic numerals at the back, the same numeral being 
 repeated where the design is identical. This proves that the 
 numeral is not a mark, but no doubt the European number on 
 different drawings representing Chinese occupations, furnished by 
 the Dutch to the Japanese porcelain manufacturers. 
 
 Saucer with indented brown edge. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blue. A landscape, with three figures in long dresses, ap- 
 parently foreign costumes ; one of them leads a buffalo. Mark, 
 Ka, « Felicity." Diam. 5| in. [PI. XI. 134.] 587a. 
 
 Section C. — ^Painted in Coloues. 
 
 Vase-shaped Cistern and cover, with hole for a tap in front. 
 Chinese porcelain, enamelled in pale colours with gilding ; on the 
 front and back is a panel enclosing a seated figure of a Chinaman, 
 from an European design, in one case smoking, in the other drink- 
 ing from a saucer; these panels are enclosed in a double white 
 framework with pink diaper between the two portions ; at the base 
 is a broad band of purple diaper with garlands of flowers ; on the 
 upper part a purple band with white scallop shells ; the rest of 
 the vase is covered with a black lozenge diaper on a pale green 
 ground ; on the cover is a panel of black with gold ornaments 
 edged with lilac and white, on a similar ground to the vase. 
 H. 29in. 588. 
 
 Cop and Sauobe. Chinese eggshell porcelain. On each is 
 a shell-like ornament of European design, painted in lilac, 
 
SECTION 0. — PAINTEO IN COLOITRP. 97 
 
 relieved by a yellow ground with black lozenge diaper, borders 
 of pendants in lilac. Diani, 2J in., 4^ in. 688a. 
 
 Compare Jacquemart and Le Blant, PI. xi., where, however, this 
 kind of porcelain is termed " Porcelaine imp&'iale japonaise." 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours. European 
 designs of a fine style ; in the centre an iris and pink lily with 
 two caterpillars and a butterfly ; inner border of gold arabesques 
 on a blue ground ; outer border intersecting framework, orna- 
 mented with acanthus leaves and gilt flowers. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 589. 
 
 See for the same pattern Jacquemart and Le Blant, Plate xi., Pig. 3, 
 where it is called Japanese. 
 
 Saucee Dish. Chinese porcelain, chiefly painted in brown and 
 red, with gilding ; an European gentleman and lady in the cos- 
 tume of the 17th century with a dog, in a Chinese landscape. 
 Narrow border of diaper work, interrupted by four panels- 
 enclosing flowers. Diam. 7J in. 590. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black with pink 
 flesh tints. An archway enclosing an allegorical design em- 
 blematical of a marriage ; Juno receiving the young couple, &c.; 
 in front Neptune and tritons. On the arch is inscribed sem- 
 per AMOE PKO TE FiEMissiMYS ATQVE FiDELis ; over the piUars 
 two foreign coats of arms. Border of lace work in gold. Diam. 
 9 in. ' 591. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black with occasional 
 touches of gilding ; the central design consists of a medallion of 
 Martin Luther, indicated by the inscription DE. M. L. ; above a 
 bird ; on each side cherubs, while below is a larger medallion on 
 which is represented Christ and the twelve apostles ; arabesque 
 border enclosing six panels, in which are repetitions of two 
 designs, viz., a boar hunt, and a stag hunt. Diam. 9 in. 592. 
 
 Ccp AND Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, pencilled in black 
 with gilding from an European design ; on them is a medal- 
 lion enclosing a portrait of Voetius in imitation of engraving, 
 with the arms of Utrecht, and his name; border of lace 
 pattern in gold. Gilbert Voetius of Utrecht was a celebrated 
 theologian, born 1593 ; died 1680. Diam. 2| in., 4^ in. 593. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black, heightened with 
 o-old, from an European design. In the centre an ornamental 
 cartouche enclosing two monogi'ams in . old. On the framework 
 I>.S. in gold (upside down) no doubt the original artist's initials ; 
 border of framework with peacocks. Diam. 5J in. 594. 
 
 H 2 
 
98 CL. X. — okie>;tal porcelain with foreign designs^. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, pencilled in black ; 
 on each of them half lengths of a gentleman and lady in 
 European costume ; on the cup the figures are in separate me- 
 dallions, on the saucer they are united in one ; the rest of the 
 surface ornamented with scrolls and flowers, pencilled in black 
 on a gold ground. Diam, 3 in., 4| in. 595. 
 
 Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, pencilled in black ; half- 
 lengths of a gentleman and lady in European costume ; at the 
 back is inscribed gesontheid juffeouwe, a° 1733. (Your 
 health, young lady !) ; inside a scroll border in gold and red. 
 Diam. 2| in. 596. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in red and gold, from Em'opean 
 designs ; in the centre the Baptism of our Lord, on the border 
 two angels supporting a basket, and two others holding up a 
 label inscribed, Mat. 3. 16. Diam. lOf in. 597. 
 
 Paik of Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; a marine view from an European design, represent- 
 ing a Dutch vessel with the aims of Zealand on the poop, and 
 the date 1700; the Dutch flag, and another flag with a castle ; 
 in front a boat with a Dutch flag ; and in the distance two other 
 ships ; border of green and red ; brown edge. D. %\ in. 597a. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in 
 the centre a large Dutch ship ; on the upper part of the border 
 two branches forming a medallion inscribed : cheis'^ schoone- 
 MAN OPP? STUERMAN OP t'SCHIP VBYBUEG : TEK: reede wajjpho 
 IN CHINA INT iaae : 1756. (Christopher Schooneman, chief 
 mate of the ship Vryburg, in the roads off" Wampu, in China, 
 in the year 1756). Inner border of trefoil pattern ; outer one 
 a scroll in lake. Diam. 9 in. S98. 
 
 In Jacquemart and Le31ant (p. 384), a service is mentioned, inscribed 
 ■with the name of the same ship Vryburg, and its captain, Jacob 
 Eyzik, in China, in the year 1756, but it, is most absurdly con- 
 sidered to be Japanese. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; view 
 of Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope, with the Dutch flag 
 flying on two eminences ; in front three large Dutch ships, and 
 smaller vessels ; inner border of gold scrolls, and outer border 
 of lace pattern in gold. Diam. 9 in. 599. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; an Euro- 
 pean subject, a gentleman and lady fishing ; in the background a 
 building ; on the upper part of the border two oval shields with 
 monograms supported by cupids; above a coronet; border of 
 trefoil pattern in gold. Diam. 9 in. 600. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, delicately painted in colours and 
 white enamel, with gilding; a plant with pink flowers growing 
 
SECTIOX C— PAINTED IN COLOUKS. 99 
 
 out of a rock, two birds, and a butterfly ; narrow inner border 
 pencilled in black and gold ; the border has an elegant floral 
 pattern in white enamel, interrupted by three medallions 
 painted in colours from Em'opean designs ; 1. a tree, two dogs, 
 sheep, and a shepherd's crook ; 2. water and waterfowl, and a 
 dog leaping out of rushes ; 3. an altar with flowers, two doves, 
 bow and arrows of cupid, wreaths, &c. Gilt edge. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 601. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, from an 
 European design ; five nymphs seated in a landscape, with 
 flowers in their hands. Diam. 3 in., 4f in. 602. 
 
 Saucek. Chinese porcelain, painted in black with flesh tints, 
 from an European design j five nymphs seated ; border of frame 
 work. Diam. 4| in. 603. 
 
 This is evidently taken from the same design as the last. 
 
 Cylindrical Jab, nan-owing at the mouth. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, from an European design ; two headed eagle 
 with crown, holding sword and sceptre, on its breast an unintel- 
 ligible medallion ; on each side branches of red roses. H. 7 in., 
 diam . 4 in. 604. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding, partly from an European design. In the centre a coat 
 of arms under coronet, ermine on a canton gu. a star of six 
 points or; {Basset?) traces of an ermine mantle; border of 
 oriental diaper work, interrupted by six medallions enclosing 
 landscapes ; outer border of drapery. Five spur-marks. Diam. 
 84 in. 605. 
 
 Plate, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 relieved by gold and silver ; arms with numerous quarterings of 
 Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, surmounted by a helmet 
 and crown, and surrounded with the collar of the order of the 
 Black Eagle ; supporters, two wild men, one bearing the banner 
 of the King, the other the banner of Brandenburg ; the whole 
 relieved by a royal mantle surmounted by a crown, above which 
 is a two-tailed banner, and on the edge of the plate the black 
 eagle as crest ; the supporters stand on a gilt pedestal on which 
 is the motto " Gott mit uns " ; border a key pattern in gold and 
 brown. Diam. 9^ in. 606. 
 
 Plate, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in blue, 
 touched with red ; in the centre a foreign coat of arms, viz. 
 1 and 4, a goat climbing towards a tree, on a canton nine 
 lozenges ; 2 and 3, two bars embattled, counter-embattled, on a 
 canton two tortoises (?) ; au inescutcheon, paly on a chief three 
 saltires ; crest, a swan issuing from a coronet ; a single supporter, 
 a griffin. A cruciform ornament in red proceeds from the central 
 medallion, and flowers are interspersed without reference to the 
 design ; border of stiff floral pattern ; gilt edge. Diam, 9 in. 
 
 607. 
 
loo CL. X. — OWJINTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 Long Octagonal Saltcellar, solid make. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours ; inside the bowl the royal arms of France, 
 with knots enclosing the escallop shell of St. Michael : outside, 
 painted borders. Diam. 3 in. by 2^- in. 608. 
 
 Cup anu Saucer, and thick coffee-cup with handle. Chinese 
 eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours ; on the cups are four 
 panels, two of which enclose a foreign coat of arms, viz., arg. 10 
 torteaux ; crest a dog proper, collared or, holding a rose in the 
 mouth ; on tlie two other panels are branches of flowers ; between 
 them an octagon diaper in pink ; on the saucer is the same coat 
 of aims within an irregular edging of a wicker pattern in gold ; 
 border of octagon pattern in pink, interrupted by three medallions 
 enclosing branches of fruit and flowers ; narrow outer borders 
 of quatrefoil diaper in pale blue. Diam. of cups, 2 J in., 
 2^ in. ; saucer, 4^ in. 609. 
 
 Cup with Handle, and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding, from European designs ; on each a branch 
 with a hat, music, and a horn ; above a vine branch with grapes ; 
 below two pendent coats of arms; 1, per fess arg. and or, a 
 fess az. between four fishes naiant in pale and a rose gu. ; 
 2, quarterly 1 and 4 az., two stars and a crescent arg., 2 and 3 
 vert, three red flowers with green leaves ; between them hangs 
 an olive festoon ; beyond detached flowers and fruit ; gilt and 
 red border. Diam. 2| in., 4| in. filO. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; on 
 one side the arms of Amsterdam ; on the other a quarterly coat 
 with helmet, mantlings, and crest, an eagle ; between them 
 scrolls and flowers with singular device ; border of scrolls, 
 interrupted iy long panels enclosing landscapes in brown and 
 gold. H. 3 in., diam. 5| in. 611. 
 
 Deep Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain ; in the centre is a 
 gilt wreath enclosing a representation of the equestrian statue of 
 Frederick V. at Copenhagen ; the border is ornamented with 
 the inscription iuliana maria on a gilt ground, with the 
 royal arms of Denmark (quartering Norway and Sweden) 
 below ; the border consists of alternate branches of laurel and 
 Greek frets. Diam. 10 in. 612. 
 
 Juliana of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel mar. Fred. V., King of Denmark 
 in 1756, and survived him ; he died in 1766. From larger pieces of 
 the service, in the possession of Mr. Edmund Christy, it would 
 appear that it was made for the Danish Asiatic Company in 1774. 
 
 Cylindrical Mug, with moulded handle. Chinese porcelain ; on 
 the body is the view of a bay with buildings and a flagstaff"; in 
 the bay two ships and a number of boats all painted in reddish 
 brown j below is inscribed in black Utsigt af hamnen Gnalong 
 beliigen pa on Hajnan aftagen da Skep. Gustqf Adolph ddr- 
 stddes gorde of werugande resa. fr. d. 8 Decemh. 1784 til d. 
 21 Apr. 1785 ; (View of the harbour of Gnalong situate in the 
 leland of Hai-nau, taken when the ship Gustaf Adolph was there 
 
SECTION C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 101 
 
 lying, having made its voyage from the 8tli December 1784 till 
 the 21st April 1785); ricla border of scalework in brown and 
 gold. H. 4in. 613. 
 
 The island of Hai-nan is off the coast of Canton. 
 
 Saucek. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a view of the 
 Boompjes, Rotterdam, with boats in front. Diam. 6 in. 614. 
 
 Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with an openwork foot, and 
 two squirrels with vine branches on the upper part ; painted in 
 colours with gilding ; three figures, in half-length, of European 
 design. H. IJ in. 615. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours from European 
 designs ; in the centre detached flowers and a butterfly ; narrow 
 border with gold stars on a blue ground. Diam. 7J in. 616. 
 Made for the English market. 
 
 Teapot Tkay of Six-foil Shape. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; an English ship with three masts ; 
 border of lilac drapery in festoons, suspended from rings to 
 which flowers are attached. Diam. 5 in. 617. 
 
 Saucee. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; an English three- 
 masted ship ; border of festoons of flowers with four patches of 
 scalework. Diam. 5^ in. 618. 
 
 Saucek Dish. Chinese porcelain j in the centre a magic square 
 of 16 compartments containing numbers, all making the same 
 total, and four Arabic inscriptions, signifying " There is no hero 
 but Ali ; no sword but Zulfakar," [the name of Ali's sword], 
 around which are nine concentric circles, containing alternately 
 Arabic inscriptions in gold from the Koran and stiff blue scrolls. 
 Diam. 8 in. 619. 
 
 Made for the Mahomedan market. The Arabic inscriptions are very 
 
 incorrectly written, evidently by a person unacquainted with the 
 
 language. 
 
 Saucek Dish. Chinese porcelain ; with two lines of Arabic in- 
 scription in the centre, signifying " There is no God but God ; 
 Mohammad is his Prophet," around which are nine concentric 
 circles containing alternately an Arabic inscription from the 
 Koran, and a stiff' scroll, all executed in gold touched up with 
 red. Diam. 8 in. 620. 
 
 Made for the Mahomedan market. The Arabic inscriptions are very 
 incorrectly written, evidently by a person unacquainted with the 
 language. 
 
 QuADKANGULAK DiSH. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours 
 witii gilding, in the Indian style. In the centre a circle en- 
 closing a square with an Arabic inscription in gold, incorrectly 
 written, but apparently the name of an Indian potentate ; in the 
 corners rose sprigs ; borders of narrow panels, each enclosing a 
 stiff" leaf; blue edges with white enamel spots. W. 10^ in. 
 
 621, 
 
3 02 OL. X.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOEEIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 Oblong Tobacco Box, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain 
 painted iu colours with gilding. On the lid a copy of an 
 Indian painting representing a Nautch girl dancing before a 
 man of rank, standing and holding a sword and flower ; this is 
 represented on a terrace with balustrade, beyond which are 
 flowering plants. Inside the lid is an oval medallion with an 
 European design ; a poet seated in a library between Apollo 
 with a harp and laurel wreath, and Justice with scales ; 
 through an open arch is seen Pegasus flying ; on the sides and 
 bottom are scrolls in black, red, and gold. H. 1^ in., L. 6^ in. 
 
 622. 
 
 Double Quadbangulae Box, with a horizontal division and 
 two lids. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 on the sides scattered branches and sprigs of flowers of an 
 European design ; on one of the lids is represented on the out- 
 side an Indian design, with a man of rank seated, and an attendant 
 behind him holding a fan ; white arches in the background ; while 
 inside is an European design, a female holding a cornucopia 
 and a hat ; distant view of the sea with ships. On the other 
 lid i3, outside, an European design, pencilled in black with flesh 
 tints and gilding, a seated female with book, and mask at her 
 ffeet, holding a flame at which Cupid is kindling a torch ; inside, 
 an Indian design, a man of rank seated on a throne with a 
 state umbrella behind him, and smoking a hookah ; in the 
 distance a balustrade and gi'owing plants. H. 2^ in., L. 3 in. 
 
 623. 
 An Indian design very similar to the first of those described is engraved 
 
 in Jacquemart and Le Blant, PI. xvii., Fig. 3, 'where it is called 
 
 Indian porcelain. 
 
 Plate, with a wavy moulded edge, imitated from silver. Chinese 
 porcelain ; in the centre is an Indian on an elephant, copied 
 from an Indian drawing, enclosed in a circle of blue, pink, and 
 gold scrolls ; the border is divided into six compartments ; in 
 each of which is painted a Chinese iigure between two bunches 
 of flowers. Diam. 9 in. 624. 
 
 Given to the present owner by Miss Doran, for whose father it was 
 made in China, and sent home in his own ship to Liverpool. 
 
 Two-handled Cup and Covek on tall foot. Chinese porcelain, 
 with a mottled surface like an orange peel, made from European 
 designs both as to form and decoration ; on each side a Roman 
 tripod, from which flames are issuing, painted in brown and 
 gold ; the rest of the decoration consists of small Wreaths 
 painted in, colours, and moulded bands, coloured red or purple, 
 and touched up with gilding. H. 14^ in. l624o. 
 
 Punch BoVl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; on each sid^ are a pair of medallions exactly similar, 
 each forming a satirical coat of arms. No. 1, Bust of John 
 Wilkes; crest, a lion passant; supporters, Serjeant Glyn and 
 
SECTION C— PAINTED IN COLOURS. 103 
 
 Lord Temple ; motto, always beady in a good cause ; 
 above is inscribed, Wilkes and Liberty. No. 2, Bust of 
 Lord Mansfield, with a hydra below ; crest, a viper ; supporters, 
 Lord Bute and the Devil ; motto, Justice sans pitie. 
 H. 4^ in., diam. lOi in. 625. 
 
 The devices on this bowl appear on the heading to an address by John 
 Wilkes " To the Gentlemen, Clergy, and Freeholders of the 
 County of Middlesex," dated from King's Bench Prison, Saturday, 
 June 18, 1768. They are entitled " Akms of Liberty and Slaveet." 
 
 Punch Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 within a bunch of flowers and a strawberry leaf border ; out- 
 side two large panels with fox hunting scenes from European 
 prints ; between them framework enclosing bunches of flowers, 
 and small Chinese landscapes in red. Diam. 13| in. 625a!. 
 
 Punch Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding, 
 from European designs. Inside is a cornstack, which is being 
 raised by four harvestmen ; a man and a woman looking on ; an 
 irregular border of diaper work in lilac, edged with scrolls, 
 butterflies, flowers, &c., from which are suspended festoons 
 in gold. Outside two large scenes representing harvesting ; 
 between which are smaller panels ; one containing the harvest 
 feast with the date 1769; the other inscribed TV. E. S., Warren 
 Lodge, 1769 ; these smaller medallions are surrounded with 
 diaper work in red and gold. H. 6i- in., diam. 15^ in. 6256. 
 
 Pair of Saucee-shaped Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; in the centre a large coat of arms. 
 Quarterly 1 and 4, gu. two chevrons erm. between three eagles 
 displayed or, Parsons ; 2 and 3 az. two chevrons or, between 
 three goats' heads erased arg. ; impaling vert, on a chevron or, 
 two cinquefoils gu., Curley. Crest, an eagle's leg erased at 
 the thigh or, standing on a leopard's head gu. ; this is vrithin 
 a border of floral scrollwork in red and gold, interrupted by 
 four medallions enclosing flowers ; border, two dragons and two 
 phcenixes in blue ; gilt edges. Diam. 15J in. 626. 
 
 Saucee Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild- 
 ing ; in the centre a coat of arms with helmet, mantlings, &c., 
 viz., cheeky arg. and az. two chevrons gu. on a canton or, an 
 anchor sa., Gierke (granted 1761). Crest, a Moor's head proper, 
 issuing from a naval coronet or ; motto, OSE et espeee. 
 Border of festoons of flowers tied up with knots; gilt edge. 
 Diam. Sin. 627. 
 
 Deep Plate, with wide border. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding ; in the centre the coat of arms of Campbell 
 placed against the mast of a lymphad or galley (the emblem of 
 Lorn), viz., gyronny of eight or. and sa. ; a crescent for difference ; 
 crest, a boar's head ; motto, PIT Via vi ; on the border six 
 festoons with a flower over each. Diam. 9J in. 628. 
 
 Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 in the centre a basket of flowers ; border with flowers in white 
 enamel, and a brown and gold edge ; at the upper part a shield, 
 
104 OL. X, — ORIENTAL POKCRLAtN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 viz., 1 & 4, sa. a heron arg., Mathew ; 2 & 4, az, two mullets 
 or., Barony of Van Lumputt ; impaling arg. three dragons heads 
 erased -vert, each holding in its mouth a dexter hand gu., 
 Byam. Motto, jEQVAM sekvare mentem. Diam. 9\ in. 629. 
 
 The arms on this plate are those of Daniel Mathew of Antigua and 
 Felix Hall, Essex, and his wife, Mary, daughter of George Byam, of 
 Antigua, and granddaughter of Edward- Byam, governor of the 
 Leeward Islands. The service prohahly descended, through the 
 marriage of the granddaughter and heir of Daniel Mathew with 
 William Thomas Koe, to his daughter and heir, who married Sir 
 Chaloner Ogle, Bart., and was the late possessor of the service of 
 which this formed part, 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; in 
 the centre coat of arms, viz., gu. a fess dancetty arg. Pap- 
 h;oj7A(?), impaling sa., a cinquefoil between eight cross-crosslets 
 or. Best of Worcestershire, surmounted by a helmet, and 
 mantlings, label for motto uninscribed ; inner border floral 
 scroll work in gold ; outer border octagon pattern, pencilled in 
 black, inteiTupted by four medallions enclosing gold scroll 
 work. Diam. 9 in. 630. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 in the centre a coat of arms, viz., 1 and 4, gu. a chevron 
 or, between two mullets of the 2nd, and a. 'crescent arg. ; 
 2 and 3, arg. a lion rampant sa. ; supporters, lions ramp, regar- 
 dant or ; over the arms a helmet ; on the border a crest, a demi 
 lion ramp, regardant issuing out of a ducal coronet or ; nar- 
 row scroll border in brown and gold. Diam. 8| in. 631. 
 
 Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 in the centre a coat of arms, viz., or, a fesse wavy between 
 six cinquefoils gu., a crescent for difference, Davison; 
 impaling arg. on a bend between three Cornish choughs as 
 many tigers' heads erased or, Carr ; on the edge the crest, a dove 
 rising arg. holding in the beak a wheatstalk bladed and 
 eared, and issuing out of a naval crown or ; the rest of the edge 
 ornamented with Chinese flowers, &c. ; between the edge and 
 the centre a band of diaper in gold on a red ground, interrupted 
 by four medallions enclosing symbols. Diam. 8J in. 632. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; in the 
 centre two shields accolles, viz., 1, az. on a saltire or between 
 four towers an anchor sa. ; 2, arg. thi'ee animals passant sa. ; 
 on a chief az. three birds arg.; above helmet and mantling; crest 
 a demi eagle displayed ; on the border the crest is repeated with 
 two groups of Chinese emblems, a view of a bridge and four small 
 emblems ; inner border of a quatrefoil pattern in red and gold, 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing symbols. Diam. 
 8f in. 633. 
 
 Costabd Cup and Cover and Cikculak Tbay, Chinese por- 
 celain, painted in colours with gilding; the handle of cup 
 formed of interlaced bands ; the cover surmounted by a fruit ; in 
 
SECtlON C.— i?AINTBD IN COLOURS. 105 
 
 front is a triedallion enclosing a coat of arms, viz., erm. a cross 
 raguly gu., and a canton ermines, Laurence of London, impaling 
 arg. a chevron between throe herons sa., Ilhery (?) ; crest of Lau- 
 rence, a saltire raguly entwined with a wreath vert. The tray 
 has similar decoration. H. Z\ in., diam. of tray, 6;^ in. 634. 
 
 OviFOEM Tea Caddy and Covek. Chinese porcelain; on 
 each side is pencilled in black a coat of arms, viz., a cinque- 
 foil between eight cross-crosslets or, impaling three lions 
 ramp. ; the whole under a ducal coronet, above which the crest, 
 an ostrich's head issuing from two wings ; probably the arms 
 of Best of Worcestershire ; round the neck and cover a wreath 
 of flowers enamelled in colours. H. ^\ in. 635. 
 
 The ducal coronet should form part of the crest ; the error may have 
 arisen from a foreigner being employed to make the design. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; in the centre of saucer and on one side of cup a coat 
 of arms, viz., sa. on a chevron between three bucks trippant 
 or, as many mullets of the field ; crest, a buck sa. charged with 
 six mullets or, Robertson or Robinson ? at the side of the shield 
 scroll and flowers ; on the other side of the cup a bunch of 
 flowers; trefoil borders in red and gold. Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. 
 
 636. 
 
 Coffee Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, with moulded 
 edges, within each a border in blue under glaze, consisting of 
 butterflies, flowers, diapers, Ac. ; on each is painted in 
 colours, with gilding, a coat of arms surrounded with 
 garlands of flowers, viz., arg. a cross fusilly vert, over all a 
 bend compony erm. and az., Braddyll ; a scutcheon of pre- 
 tence, arg. on a fesse between three saltires az. an anchor be- 
 tween two lions' heads erased or, Gale. Crest, a badger passant 
 or. Diam. 2\ in., 3 in. 637. 
 
 Wilson Gale Braddyll, Esquire, of Conishead Priory, co. Lancaster, 
 married the 20th Jan. 1776, Jane daughter and heir of Matthias 
 Gale, Esquire, and died 19th Nov. 1818. 
 
 Pair op Cups, Coffee Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours with gilding ; on each a coat of arms, viz., 
 az. a lion rampant arg. and a bordure gu., on a chief of the 
 second, three stars of six points of the first, Inglis ; a scut- 
 cheon of pretence, arg. on a pUe az. three lions heads erased 
 or, a crescent for difierence ; crest, a demi lion rampant hold- 
 ing up a star of six points or; borders of gilt diaper work. 
 Diam. 3 in., 2| in., 4f in. 638. 
 
 Coffee Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 in front a coat of arms, viz. arg., a saltire engrailed between four 
 roses gu. Napier ? Helmet and crest ; a half virgin holding 
 a dagger and pointing to a bell ? Supporters, two Highlanders 
 armed with swords. Motto above, "tiits i'x.l defend," 
 
106 CL. X. — OKIENTAL POEOELAIN WITH FOEEIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 below "loch slot-; " border a blue band with ornaments below 
 in blue and gold ; at the bottom a blue rim, round which is twisted 
 a wreath. H. 2| in. 639. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; on each a medallion with a green border enclosing a 
 crest, a hind's head erased or, holding in its mouth a branch 
 with pears. Perry ; below the initials G.L.P. ; at each side a sprig 
 of flowers ; beyond sprigs of flowers and green borders with 
 gilding. Diam. 3 in., 4f in. 640. 
 
 From the collection of the Rev. G. A. B" Hart, of Arundel, being part 
 of a service made for his ancestor, George Lockyer Perry. 
 
 .Six-foil Teapot Tray. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; in the centre a coat of arms, viz., sa. a chevron 
 between three fleurs-de-lis arg., Hart ; impaling argent on a bend 
 az. three martlets of the first, Franklin ? XlJrest, a hart's head 
 couped argent. At the sides of the shield scroll work and 
 flowers ; trefoil border in black and gold. Diam. 5 in. 641. 
 
 From the collection of the Rev. G. A. F. Hart, of Arundel, being part 
 of a service made in China for his grandfather, Willis Hart, Esq., 
 who married Betty Franklin. 
 
 Six foil Tray. Chinese porcelain, with an European design ; in the 
 centre an oval medallion enclosing the initials W.B.S. in gold, 
 over it as crest, two doves regardant ; borders of waved Unes. 
 Diam. 5| in. 642^ 
 
 CLASS XI.— OEIENTAL POECELAIN DECORATED IN 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Several of the early European manufacturers of porce- 
 lain, in addition to supplying their own wares, seem to have 
 tried their skill in decorating Oriental porcelain. It does 
 not, however, necessarily follow that these were all aictually 
 sold at the fabrics, as the painters employed there may 
 have decorated such porcelain for their own benefit, This 
 decoration may also have been added in places where no 
 porcelain fabrics existed ; for the vessels being already baked 
 and glazed could be painted in any ordinary enamellers' 
 kiln, and painters could be found in any place where 
 enamelling on metal or painting on pottery or glass were 
 practised. 
 
 From the specimens exhibited it seems clear that the Chel- 
 sea painters decorated Oriental porcelain. Other specimens 
 seem to be Venetian, others decorated in Saxony, while one 
 cup has evidently been ornamented with transfer printing 
 by Hancock of Worcester. A cup and saucer (No. 655) form 
 part of a service which the late Rev. G. A. F. Hart stated 
 to have been decorated for an ancestor at the Bow works, 
 and the bill for it was in his possession. 
 
CLASS XI. — OKIENTAL POKOELAIN DBOOKATED. 107 
 
 The porcelain thus decorated must have been purposely 
 imported into Europe in the white state, and probably 
 made to order. Mr. Chaffers has expressed doubts about 
 this importation, but specimens are still occasionally to be 
 met with, though the quantity introduced would depend 
 on the requirement of the painters, and not readily 
 reach the ordinary market. Three specimens in this collec- 
 tion (656a., 6566., 1440) exhibit the ware in its undecorated 
 condition, viz., a white saucer, part of a tea service, a cup 
 and saucer with a slight blue decoration under the glaze, 
 and with panels prepared for subjects to be added over the 
 glaze in enamelled colours, and a vase with panels prepared 
 for painting. Occasionally the white ware bore a Chinese 
 date, as shown by a saucer dated 1723-1736, subsequently 
 decorated by transfer printing and colouring at Bow or 
 Chelsea. 
 
 Some of this ware is said by French writers to have been 
 decorated in Holland. Gersaint, the " expert " of Paris, 
 published, in 1747, a detailed catalogue of the collection 
 of M. de Fontpertuis, in which he mentions two square 
 bottles of porcelain painted in colours with figures of men 
 and tigers, and adds that " the figures, animals, and other 
 ornaments on these bottles have been painted in Holland, 
 as is done there, often mal a propos, on pieces of fine 
 white porcelain." To this class may belong Nos. 643-645. 
 
 At a still later date much Oriental porcelain, principally 
 blue and white, was spoilt by painting it in tawdry colours, 
 with gilding. This detestable proce'ss was extensively 
 carried on some years since in London. There are also 
 quite modern forgeries on which coats of arms have been 
 added to old pieces of porcelain painted in colours, where 
 the sparseness of the original decoration left room for such 
 additions. This can be detected by the different conditions 
 of the old and new enamelled colours, the former being some- 
 what altered by passing twice through the fire. 
 
 Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with three fantastic animals painted 
 in liver colour under the glaze ; subsequently three men with 
 swords, appearing to cut off the animals' heads, and Chinese 
 trees have been added in coleurs, probably in Holland or at 
 Meissen in Saxony. Bad imitation of a Chinese mark on bottom. 
 H. 8^ in. 643. 
 
 Pair of Bottles, with narrow necks. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 with three kylins in liver colour under the glaze ; subsequently 
 flowers and details in red and gold have been added, probably 
 in Holland or at Meissen in Saxony ; borders of spikes. H. 
 6 in. 644. 
 
108 CLASS XI. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN DECORATJBU. 
 
 Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, subsequently painted in Europe, 
 in colours, in a Japanese pattern ; a plant with banded hedges, 
 and two birds ; border of plants growing out of rocks ; dark 
 brown edges. IJad imitation of a Chinese mark in red. Diam. 
 6i in. 645. 
 
 Squake Basin, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain, deco- 
 rated in Europe. The original Chinese decoration has been 
 slight, painted in blue under the glaze, apparently a plant 
 growing out of a rook. It has received a painted decoration in 
 Europe, probably at Venice ; within a man in black holding a 
 lantern, and a man fishing, four times repeated ; on the outside 
 the same figure in black with a lantern, and a lady with a 
 yeUow scarf thrown over her head. These figures are probably 
 well known characters in the Venetian Carnival. H. 3 in., diam. 
 6 in. 646. 
 
 Two Cups and Sauoees, Coffee Cup, and Bowl with Covee. 
 White Chinese eggshell porcelain, decorated at Meissen (?) in 
 colours, with gilding ; Chinese subjects in an European style, 
 principally a mandarin and a boy ; borders of gilt lace work. 
 Diam. of cups, 3f in., 2^ in., diam. of saucers 5J in., H. of 
 bowl 3^ in., diam. of bowl 4f in. 647. 
 
 Milk Pot and Covbe, with square handle and peach in relief on 
 cover. White Chinese porcelain, decorated in Germany or 
 Holland, with views of buildings and landscapes pencilled in black, 
 and enclosed in medallions with gilt margins. H. 5-^ in. 648. 
 
 Tea Caddy, Teay, and Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell 
 porcelain, probably decorated at Venice, in colours, with gilding ; 
 pairs of ladies in landscapes, richly coloured, borders of gold lace 
 work of a Dresden style. H. of caddy 5 in., diam. of tray 5 in., 
 diam. of cup 2| in., diam. of saucer 4J in. 649. 
 
 Saucer. White Chinese eggshell porcelain, with the mark in blue 
 underglaze, of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. It has been 
 subsequently decorated at Bow or Chelsea, with a landscape and 
 a shepherd and sheep, transfer printed in black, and coloured 
 green ; gilt edge. Diam. 4| in. 650. 
 
 Cup and Saucee. Chinese eggshell porcelain, decorated at Chel- 
 sea, with Chinese landscapes outlined in black and coloured 
 green. Diam. 3 io., 4| in. 651. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain, decorated 
 at Chelsea (?) ; on the front of the cups a large medallion in 
 gilt framework ; view of a building outlined in black and coloured 
 green ; at the back a small quatrefoil with rock and a stile 
 similarly treated ; on the saucers a medallion similar to that on 
 the cups ; indented gilt edges. Diam. 3 in., 4| in. 652. 
 
CLASS XI. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN DECORATED. 109 
 
 Two Cdps AND Saccees. Chinese eggshell porcelain, deco- 
 rated at Chelsea in colours ; landscapes and exotic birds in 
 the Chelsea style ; indented gilt edges. Diam. 3 in., 4f in. 653, 
 
 PoKTioNS OF A Tea Seevice, consisting of a tea-caddy, tray, 
 three tea-cups, three coffee-cups, and four saucers. Chinese 
 eggshell porcelain, decorated at Chelsea in colours ; sub- 
 jects from the history of Harlequin and Columbine ; on one of 
 the' saucers is an old man, and a lady who holds in her hand a 
 letter commencing " My dr." ; indented gilt edges. H. of tea- 
 caddy 5^ in. ; diam. of tray 5 in. ; diam. of tea-cup 3 in. ; 
 diam. of coffee-cup 2| in. ; diam. of saucer 4J in. 6.54. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, decorated at Bow, in 
 colours with gilding ; inside cup and in centre of saucer a 
 gold flower ; the remainder of both divided into six compart- 
 ments, consisting alternately of wavy diagonal gold lines with 
 an insect and a bunch of flowers between them ; vertical lilac 
 bands, and near the edges wavy ribbon in gold ; gilt edges. 
 Diam. 3^ in., 5J in. 655. 
 
 Part of a service -which belonged to the late Kev. G. A. F. Hart, of 
 Arundel, for whose ancestor it -was decorated at Bow, as appeared 
 from an account in bis possession, now unfortunately lost. 
 
 Coffee Ctrp. Chinese porcelain, transfer printed at Worcester, 
 in black; two garden scenes ; 1, gentleman and lady seated at 
 tea, little dog in front; 2, vases, fountains, . &c. H. SJ in., 
 diam. 2J in. ' 656. 
 
 Saucee. Plain white Chinese eggshell porcelain, as imported for 
 decorating in Europe. Diam. 4| in. 656a. 
 
 Cup and Saucee, of quatrefoil shape. Chinese porcelain, orna- 
 mented with narrow borders in blue under the glaze, and with 
 raised framework for medallions, which have not been painted. 
 Diam. 3 in., 4| in. 656b. 
 
 CLASS XII.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN IN COMBI- 
 NATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Among the modem productions of Japan there are few 
 more curious than the porcelain vases and other objects 
 incrusted with cloisonne enamel. The fillets wliich separate 
 the various colours must have been fastened by some 
 means on the surface of the porcelain already baked ; then 
 the cells thus formed were filled with colours in a state of 
 powder or paste, the whole once more baked, and then 
 polished, so as to remove inequalities and show the edges of 
 the metal fiUets. The success of this process is probably 
 due to the great fusibility of Japanese enamel as compared 
 with Chinese. This appears to be a new manufacture in 
 Japan, even more recent than the not very ancient intro- 
 duction among the Japanese of the art of enamelling on 
 metal. It seems to be chiefly carried on at Seto, province 
 of Owari. 
 
110 CLASS XII.— .OKIENTAI. POKOELAIN, KG, 
 
 Other specimens of Japanese porcelain are externally 
 coated with very fine basket work. Brongniart, on the 
 authority of Siebold, thought they were thus enveloped as 
 a protection for curious and fragile specimens of ancient 
 porcelain, but this seems to be a mistake, as they are 
 still regularly made for sale, though the modern examples 
 are not equal to the older. The porcelain so coated seems 
 to be generally tbe Sheba ware made near Tokio. 
 
 The Japanese also coat faience with lacquer, chiefly 
 black or dark green, decorated afterwards with gold and 
 colours. This ware is made, among other places, at the 
 Ho-raku factory near Nagoya, province of Owari, and is 
 called, from its inventor, Toyosuke yaki. 
 
 The process of coating vases of porcelain or pottery with 
 lacquer is also known to the Chinese, who apply a black 
 lacquer of some thickness to porcelain vases or cups and 
 saucers, with incrustations of mother-of-pearl. This ware 
 is known to French collectors as "porcelaine laqude bur- 
 gautde," so called from the French name " burgau " for the 
 shell of the turbo. 
 
 M. Jacquemart has classified this kind of lacquer as 
 Japanese, though he mentions that several of tiie vessels 
 thus coated are of Chinese origin. This attribution must be 
 erroneous, as the style of the lacquer differs from Japanese 
 productions, and resembles known Chinese works of art. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain, of which the exterior is coated with 
 cloisonne enamel ; the inside has in the centre a medallion of 
 stiff scrolls painted in blue, the enamel on the outside consists 
 chiefly of diapers in various colours, enclosing three panels with 
 trees ; tbe enamel of the ground of these panels, and some 
 other portions of the design are translucent. Mark of the 
 Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.) Modern. H. sj 
 in,, diam. 5f in. [PI. I. 12.] 657. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain, of which the exterior is partly coated 
 with cloisonne enamel ; the inside has in the centre a triple 
 peach in blue ; around are pendent ornaments chiefly in red and 
 gold ; the enamel on the outside represents scrolls, flowers, &c. in 
 various colours on a green ground ; spaces are left in the enamel 
 for three panels, on which are painted on the porcelain a 
 peacock, a gold pheasant, and a tiger. Mark, Fukki chdshun, 
 " The perpetual spring of riches and honours," Modern. 
 Diam. 5^ in., H. 3| in. [?1. X. 128.] 658. 
 
 BOAVL. Japanese porcelain, covered externally with cloisonne 
 enamel ; inside a landscape painted in blue heightened with 
 gilding, and a border of pendants chiefly in red ; the enamel on 
 the outside consists of three medallions of various forms, of 
 which one encloses a view of the famous volcanic mountain 
 Fusi-yama ; the rest diapered with various patterns on a tur- 
 
CLASS XII. — ORIENTAL POECELAINj ScO. Ill 
 
 quoise ground. Mark in Japanese, " Dai Nippon Seto sei," 
 " Made at Seto in Great Japan." Seto is in the province of 
 Owari. Modern. H. ^ in., diam. Q\ in. [PI. X, 119.] 669. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain, coated externally with cloisonne 
 enamel; inside a medallion with plants painted in blue 
 heightened with gold, and a border of pendants chiefly red ; 
 the enamel on the outside has six medallions, lozenges and 
 circles alternately, enclosing various patterns on a turquoise 
 ground with scrolls. Mark in Japanese, Bummei Kaikua 
 " Enlightenment and civilisation ;" probably the motto of the 
 fabric. Modern. H. 3| in., diam. 6 in. [PI. X. 123.] 660. 
 
 Cup. Japanese porcelain, coated externally with cloisonne enamel; 
 floral scrolls in colours on a dark green ground. Modern. H. 
 2 in., diam. 2^- in. 661. 
 
 Paie of Cups. Japanese porcelain, coated externally with 
 cloisonne enamel ; insida a flower painted in blue ; the enamel 
 outside represents medallions and diapers on a lilac ground. 
 Mark, Dai Nippon Han-suke sei, " Made by Hansuke of Great 
 Japan." Seto ware, modern. H. 1| in., diam. 3J in. [PL X. 
 122.] 662. 
 
 Pot akd Covek. Japanese porcelain ; the inside formed of crackle 
 porcelain rudely painted ; the .outside of dark green lacquer 
 with decorations in gold ; on the top of cover a dragon, and 
 round the body two fishes and two phoenixes in gold in alternate 
 medallions. Modern. Toyosuke ware, made near Nagoya, 
 province of Owari. H. 8 in., diam. 2f in. 663. 
 
 Small Cup. White Chinese porcelain, coated externally with 
 black lacquer, on which are inlaid dragons in mother-of-pearl, 
 called by the French, Laque burgautee, see Jacquemart, page 
 148. H. 1^ in., diam. 2 in. 664. 
 
 Small Cup and Saucek. Japanese porcelain, coated externally 
 with fine basket work. Inside a bird and bamboo plant painted 
 in blue enamel. Modern. Diam. 2J in., 3| in. 665. 
 
 A 167, 
 
112 
 
 CATALOGUE OP 
 THE SUPPLEMENTARY COLLECTION. 
 
 CLASS I.— CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 Section A. — Plain White. 
 
 Cup for Libations, ovaJ, in thi! form of a rhinoceros horn. 
 Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; on each side is engraved a 
 Chinese verse relating to drinking. H. 4 in., length 5 in. 670. 
 
 Two Six-foil shaped Ctjps. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; on 
 the outside are impressed in faint relief a stork and a branch of 
 prunus ; on one of them are engraved inscriptions. The bases 
 ai-e in the form of a circle enclosing a swastika in relief. [Com- 
 pare PI. XL 1 39.] H. Ifin. 671. 
 
 E^om the collection of Mr. Joseph Marryat, who has engraTed one of 
 the bases as a mark of Fokien porcelain. There is no evidence that 
 the swastika is here more than an ornament. 
 
 Tall Cup. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; flowering plants 
 faintly incised in the paste under the glaze. No mark, but 
 engraved in the paste N=140 and a triangle, being the number 
 of the Dresden Collection. H. 3^ in. 672. 
 
 Tantalus Cup. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; the hollow figure 
 of a fat man rises from the centre, and has a hole iu the lower 
 part, through which, when the cup is filled, the water enters till 
 it reaches the top of an internal tube, and runs out of an opening 
 in the bottom of the cup. H. 2J in. 673. 
 
 Small Vessel in the form of a nelumbium leaf. Ivory white 
 Chinese porcelain ; the leaf forms the cup-like body resting on 
 two shells, and the stalk the spout. No mark, but engraved 
 in the paste N=147 and a triangle, being the number of the 
 Dresden Collection. H. 1^ in., diam. 3;^ by 3 in. 674. 
 
 Small Vessel, in the form of a nelumbium leaf, of which the 
 .stalk forms the spout. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; inside 
 a small crab in relief, concealing the opening of the spout. 
 H. If in., length 3^ in. 67S. 
 
 Group in ivory white Chinese porcelain, consisting of a warrior 
 embracing a lady before a screen, an old man looking round the 
 corner; at the back the trunk of a tree, with' a hole for a joss- 
 stick. H. 4 in. 676. 
 
 Group. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. Three figures in a 
 cavern ; a scene from the legend of Wang Chi, who is looking 
 on at a game of chess played by two old men. H. 4 in. 677. 
 
 Wang Chi, one Of the patriarchs of the Taoist sect, flourished under the 
 Tsin dynasty, B.C. 25.5-206. Having wandered in the mountains to 
 
SECTION A. — PLAIN "WHITE. 113 
 
 collect firewood, he entered a cave in which some aged men were 
 playing at chess. He laid down his axe, and looked on attlie game ; 
 one of the players handed him something which he put into his 
 mouth. At last one of the players said, " It is long since you came 
 here ; go home now." He found that the handle of his axe had 
 mouldered into dust, and that centuries had passed since he had come 
 into the mountains. He finally devoted himself to Taoism, and was 
 considered to have attained immortality. A representation of him 
 may be found in the Chinese work Lee Seeii. 
 
 Statuette. White Chinese porcelain ; a goddess standing on 
 clouds and supporting in her folded arms a roll, her hands covered 
 with drapery ; at her side a small figure bearing a dish of 
 peaches. Mark on the back, stamped in the seal character Le 
 'Chill, the maker's name. H. 15i in. [PI. XIII. 157.] 678. 
 
 Figure op a Hawk, with vase to hold a joss-stick. Ivory white 
 Chinese porcelain. H. 4^ in. 679. 
 
 FiGUKB OF A Fish, rising out of the waves of the sea. White 
 Chinese porcelain. H. 5 in. 680. 
 
 Globijlae Incense Vase on three feet. White Chinese porce- 
 lain ; ]3ierced cover of a floral design, surmounted by a lion ; on 
 the body two dragons in relief as handles, four loops for suspen- 
 sion, and floral scrolls in low relief. H. 7 in. 681. 
 
 Kettle. Ivory white Chinese porcelain; ornaments in relief; the 
 body divided into six compartments, on each of which a panel 
 enclosing a subject, j^pparently from the life of a sage ; the flat 
 cover surmounted by the figure of a lion ; arched handle and 
 spout. H. 8^ in. 682. 
 
 Cylindeical Teapot. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; two 
 dragons in relief, one forming the handle and the other the 
 spout. No mark, but engraved in the paste N=2 and a 
 triangle, being the number of the Dresden Collection. H. 5 J in. 
 
 683. 
 
 Bowl. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, very thick, with designs 
 moulded in relief; they consist of four subjects in panels, with 
 inscriptions between them, viz., a monkey catching bees, a fir 
 tree with the moon, two deer drinking, and plants growing out 
 of pots. Silver gilt rim. Diam. 6 in. 684. 
 
 Basin. White Chinese porcelain. Mark, impressed in low relief, 
 of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488, (2.2.) Diam. 5|- in. 
 [PI. I. 7.] 685. 
 
 Seal. White Chinese porcelain. A cube surmounted by a lion 
 monster ; on the under surface an inscription in the seal cha- 
 racter signifying " The Seal of Kai Toh." Unusually large size. 
 H. 2 in. 686. 
 
 Two Cups. White Chinese porcelain, very thin; the inside ribbed. 
 No mark, but engraved in the paste N=89 and a triangle, being 
 the number of the Dresden Collection. H. 2 in., diam. 3J in. 
 
 687. 
 I 2 
 
114 CLASS I. CHINESE POEGELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 Two Cups. White Chinese porcelain ; pierced ornaments forming 
 a band, consisting of five rosettes with diaper work between 
 them. Diam. 3f in. 688. 
 
 Dish of pecuKar form with wide margin. White Chinese porce- 
 lain, decorated with gilding ; running scrolls with large chry- 
 santhemum flowers in an archaic style. Mark of the period 
 Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.) Diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 5.] 689. 
 
 Pair of Bottle-shaped Vases on tripod stands. Ivory white 
 Chinese porcelain ; round the necks are dragons in relief. H. 5 
 in. 690. 
 
 Paik of Bottle-shaped Vases. White Chinese porcelain, with 
 ornaments in white biscuit modelled in high relief. Two five- 
 clawed dragons among clouds, with a pierced ball-like ornament 
 between them. H. 12 in. 691. 
 
 Bowl and Cover. White Chinese porcelain ; on the bowl four 
 medallions, on the cover five, with animals and plants in biscuit 
 in high relief; between the medallions pierced fretwork of a 
 sv/astika pattern ; borders of floral scrolls in white slip ; on the 
 cover a lion. H. 4^ in., diam. 4^ in. 692. 
 
 Bowl, Cover, and Stand. White Chinese eggshell porcelain j 
 moulded in the form of the petals of a flower, the edges of the 
 petals gilt ; borders of red and gold. H. 3^ in. Diam. of bowl 
 4| in., of stand 6 in. , 693. 
 
 Vase. White Chinese porcelain, with flowers in low relief. 
 Known as Nan-tcheou ware. Modern, H. 5 in. 694. 
 
 Section B. — Single Coloured Glazes. 
 
 Dish. Thick Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark green 
 celadon glaze over slightly impressed ornaments ; in the centre a 
 sprig of flowers. Brought from Japan. Diam. 10 in. 695. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase of Chinese porcelain; consisting of an 
 inner bottle and an outer casing, pierced round the body in the 
 form of a floral scroU ; some of the details are engraved, and 
 the whole is covered with a green celadon glaze. H. 13 J in. 696. 
 
 Wedding Libation Cup {tseo). Chinese porcelain, covered with 
 green celadon glaze ; it is of an oblong form, resting on three 
 legs ; the bowl is ornamented with leaf-like patterns in relief, 
 and a diaper enclosing swastikas; the usual projections on 
 each side are wanting. Brought from Japan. H. 5 in. 697. 
 
 Vase, with swelling body and small neck. Chinese porcelain, 
 covered with a smooth greyish yellow glaze. H. 7 in. 698. 
 
 Shallow Basin. Chinese porcelain, moulded in the form of a 
 peony flower, and covered with a yellow glaze, Mark incised, 
 under the glaze, of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.") 
 Diam, 7 in. [PI. I, 5.] ' 699, 
 
SECTION B. — SINGLE COLOURED GLAZES. 115 
 
 Pair op Basins. Chinese porcelain, covered on the outside with 
 a yellow glaze. Jlark in the seal character of the period Taou- 
 kwang, 1821-1851. H. 2^ in., diam. 4i in. [PI. III. 29.] 
 
 700. 
 
 Pair of Basins. Chinese porcelain ; on the outside two dragons 
 among clouds, and the sacred pearl, faintly engraved in the paste, 
 and showing through the yellow glaze. Mark in the seal cha- 
 racter of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. H. 3 in., diam. 
 6 in, [PI. III. 29.] 701. 
 
 OvAi Teay in the form of a fruit. Chinese porcelain, covered 
 with a greyish blue glaze ; inside are inscribed two verses 
 signifying "The brightness of the spring tarries not j the four 
 seasons in the same way return." Mark in the seal character 
 indistinct. L. 6i in. 702. 
 
 Vessel in the form of a fish resting on waves. Chinese porcelain, 
 covered with a turquoise glaze. L. 3| in. 703. 
 
 Teipod Vase {ting). Coarse Chinese porcelain, covered with 
 dark brown glaze. H. 2\ in. 704. 
 
 This has belonging to it a neat Chinese case in hard wood, lined with 
 silk, and has evidently been considered valuable. 
 
 Teay, in the form of a nelumbium leaf with crinkled edges. 
 Chinese porcelain, covered with a grey glaze. Diam. Q\ in. 
 
 706. 
 
 Basin, in the form of a six-petalled iiower. Coarse Chinese 
 porcelain, covered with a grey glaze of varying tint. Diam. 
 61 in. 706. 
 
 This may be Japanese. 
 
 Jug of peculiar form ; Chinese porcelain, covered outside with a 
 
 pale liver-coloured glaze ; the handle is a flat band, terminating 
 
 in raised ornaments. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426- 
 
 1436. (3.3.) H. 8 in. [PL I. 5.] 707. 
 
 Called in Japan, Toko ware. 
 
 QuADEANGULAE Vase, with loops for suspension. Chinese porce- 
 lain, covered with vertical bands of crimson and bluish-grey 
 glaze ; on the bottom is scratched Kan-yei, probably the name 
 of a former Japanese owner. H. 6| in. 708. 
 
 Vase, in the form of the fungus of Longevity ; coarse Chinese 
 porcelain, covered with a crimson glaze with bluish streaks ; the 
 mouth with a pale greyish blue glaze ; in the prominent parts 
 the colour of the paste shows through the glaze. H. 15 in. 709. 
 
 A vase of the same kind is engraved in Jacquemart and Le Blant, 
 PI. xiii., fig. 2. The Chi is a species of fungus, probably the 
 Polyporus tucidus, which grows at the roots of trees ; when dried, it 
 is very durable, whence it has been considered by the Chinese as an 
 emblem of longevity or immortality. Large specimens of the fungus 
 itself, or imitations of it in gilt wood, are preserved in the temples, 
 and representations of it frequently occur in pictures of Lao Tsze, 
 
116 CLASS I. — CHINESE POECELAlN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 and the otlif r immortals. It may be also seen in the mouth of deer 
 (So. 930). It is not unfrequeutly found as a, mark. See PI. viii., 
 figs. 97-100. The grass-like leaves that accompany it represent the 
 actual grass, which is apt to grow through the fungus while it is 
 yet soft. 
 
 Figure op a Man, seated. Coarse Cliinese porcelain; flesh left 
 dull; the dress covered with a deep red glaze; he holds in his 
 right hand a fan. H. 6^ in. 710. 
 
 Figure op a Cat, sitting. Coarse Chinese porcelain, covered 
 with <a deep red glaze. Mark stamped Hwang-yun hi, " The 
 mark of Hwang-yun." Modem. H. 6f in. 711. 
 
 Two TuiCK Cups. Chiiiese porcelain ; the outside, covered with 
 a dull crimson glaze. H. If in., diaro. 2| in. 712. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, covered with a deep marooit glaze. 
 Mark, iu the seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736- 
 1795. Diam. 5^ in. [PI. III. 26.] 713. 
 
 GouKD-SHAPEU Bottle, iu three stages. Chinese porcelain, 
 covered with a rich brown glaze, becoming paler towards the 
 top. H. 7^ in. 714. 
 
 Pair op Vases in the form of a fungus, the emblem of longevity. 
 Coarse Chinese porcelain, covered with a streaky brown glaze ; 
 the central stems which form the vases are surrounded by a 
 group of smaller plants of the same kind, all growing out of 
 rocks. H. 8 iu. 715. 
 
 Oviform Vase. Chinese porcelain, covered with a deep violet 
 glaze, in which is an Irregular streak of a lighter colour ; ormolu 
 mounts. H. 6 in. 716. 
 
 Vase, with spreading base and small neck. Dense red Chinese 
 ware, covered with a streaky glaze of a greyish blue ; the neck 
 of an olive colour. Mark stamped, Koh Ming Tsiang chi, 
 " Made by Koh Ming Tsiaug." II. 11 in. [PI. VI. 71.] 717. 
 
 Oviform Vase, without neck. Dense Chniese ware, covered 
 with a dark blue glaze, streaked with greyish green, passing 
 into brown round the mouth. Mark stamped Koh Ming Tsiang 
 chi " Made by Koh Ming Tsiaug." H. IQi in. [PI. VI. 71.] 
 
 718. 
 
 Oviform Vase, without neck. Dense Chinese ware, covered 
 with a dark brown glaze, mottled with greyish blue. Mark, 
 stamped in the seal character, indistinct, but apparently. Keen 
 Yuen kai te, " The respect of Keen Yuen." H. 9^ in. 719. 
 
 Vase, with flat top and no neck. Red Chinese ware, covered with 
 a speckled glaze, grey and purple ; on one side a large streak of 
 a lighter colour. H. 7| in. 720. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase, with wide mouth. Chinese porcelain, 
 covered with a speckled purple and grey glaze, getting lighter 
 towards the foot. H. 8^ in. 721. 
 
SECTION B.-^SINQLT5 OOLOUllED GLAZES. Il7 
 
 Six-STDED Incense BnimER. Cliinese porcelain, covered with 
 a dark red glaze streaked with buff. H. 4 in. 722. 
 
 Low Vase, with two handles in the form of monatera' heads, 
 with projecting tongues. Chinese porcelain, covered with a 
 copper-coloured glaze with metallic speckles. H. 2\ in.^ diam. 
 5 in. 723. 
 
 Tjiapot, of a melon shape. Chinese porcelaiin, covered with a 
 mottled green and brown glaze, the handle in the form of a 
 mouse. L. 6^ in. 724. 
 
 BoTTLie-SHAPED Vase. Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark 
 speckled green glaze, imitating bronze. H. 6 in. 725. 
 
 Quadrangular Vase, with loops for suspension. Chinese porce- 
 lain, covered with a dull green glaze, resembling patinated 
 bronze. Mark, stamped in the seal character, of the period 
 Kea-king, 1796-1821. H. 11^ in. [PI. III. 28.] 726. 
 
 Sent from Pekin as a specimen of the colour known as Cha-yay-moh 
 yeou, or ground tea-leaf colour. A sumptuary la-w restricts the 
 use of this colour to the Emperor, to evade which collectors sur- 
 round specimens with wire, to make them appear broken, and 
 therefore, accordiug to Chinese notions, worthless. See Gazette 
 des Beaux Arts, 1877, p. 230. 
 
 BoTTLE-SHAPEX) Vase, with wide mouth. Chinese porcelain, 
 covered with a slightly mottled olive green glaze, imitating 
 bronze. H. 4^ in. 727. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelaiil, covered with a pale coffee-coloured 
 glaze ; outside, engraved in the paste, two dragons and the 
 sacred pearl. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. 
 (3.3.) Diam. 7i in. [PI. I. 6.] 728. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, covered with a coffee- 
 coloured glaze, over which are designs outlined in silver, being 
 in the centre a formal flower, beyond which two vfises with 
 flowers ; outside two similar designs. Diam. 8^ in. 729. 
 
 These may perhaps be Japanese. 
 
 Girdle Hook. Chinese porcelain, covered with a bluish-green 
 glaze, in imitation of green jade; it terminates in a lion's head, 
 and is ornamented with a dragon in high relief. L. 3^ in. 
 
 730. 
 
 Section C. — Glazes ov several Colours. 
 
 Cylindrical Vase. Chinese porcelain, covered with a very pale 
 celadon glaze ; on it two flshes in slight relief, coloured red under 
 the glaze. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.) 
 H. 6fin. [PI. I. 5.] 731. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain with engraved designs, repre- 
 senting two four-clawed dragons among clouds, with the sacred 
 pearl in the centre, all coloured lilac ; the ground glazed green. 
 
118 CLASS I.— CHINESE POKOELAIN NOT PAINTED. 
 
 The margin of the back covered with yellow glaze. Mark of 
 the period T'ien-k'i, 1621-1627. (3.3.) Diam. 7| in. [PI. XII. 
 145.] 732. 
 
 Lamp or Vase. Coarse Chinese porcelain, with engraved orna- 
 ments, representing fishes and other marine animals and plants, 
 in purple and yellow on a green ground. In the upper part 
 four wheel-like piercings. In the hollow foot three holes for 
 suspension. H. 9^ in. 733. 
 
 CLASS II.— CHINESE CEACKLE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Plate. Chinese crackle porcelain, of a buff colour, coarsely 
 painted in grey ; a phoenix on a rock, border of scale work 
 interrupted by four medallions containing flowers. Diam. 7 in. 
 
 734. 
 
 Tbis reeembles the fragments of crackle porcelain found at Bijapur, in 
 India (see No. 97a), aud may be of considerable antiquity. 
 
 Flask-shaped Bottlk, with two handles. Chinese crackle 
 porcelain, pale grey. H. 7 in. 735. 
 
 Low Vask, on three small feet, with two loops as handles. 
 Chinese celadon porcelain of a bluish tint, coarsely crackled. 
 Mark, in the seal character, of the period Yung.ching, 1723- 
 1736. [Pl.IIL 25.] H. 4| in., diam. 8 in. 736. 
 
 Shallow Dish. Thick Chinese crackle porcelain, pale brown. 
 Diam. 8^ in. 737. 
 
 Vase, with swelling body. Chinese porcelain, covered with 
 splashes of crimson, purple, and brown glazes, showing in places 
 the pale clay beneath, and crackled. H. 12^ iu. 738. 
 
 Sent from Fekin as a specimen of the colour known as the Lo-han- 
 yeou, or " Mule's liver colour." See History of King-te-chin, p. 194. 
 
 Bottle. Chinese crackle porcelain, ornamented with irregular 
 patches of crimson, brown and blue. H. 6^ in. 739. 
 
 Jug and Cover, of peculiar form. Crackled Chinese porcelain, 
 covered with a dark bluish-green glaze, passing into turquoise 
 under the foot, H. 11 in. 740. 
 
 Pair or Shallow Basins. Chinese porcelain, coated inside 
 and out with a deep turquoise glaze, minutely crackled ; bottom 
 unglazed. H. 2\ in., diam. 7 in. 741. 
 
 Vase, with small neck. Dense red Chinese wai-e, covered with a 
 greenish turquoise glaze, crackled, on which are designs in 
 black ; three panels, two of them enclosing figures, and one the 
 sacred hare ; borders above and below. H. 10^ in. 742. 
 
 Vase. Coarse Chinese porcelain of peculiar decoration, the surface 
 having been first ornamented with floral scrolls painted in black, 
 over this has been floated a thick glaze, partially crackled, and 
 at intervals are irregular splashes of crimson and bluish grey 
 glaze. H. 16f in. 743, 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 119 
 
 CLASS III.— CHINESE PORCELAIN, WITH WHITE 
 SLIP DECOEATION. 
 
 Globtilab Vessel, with small neck. Chinese porcelain, with a 
 coffee-coloured glaze, on which are moulded in white slip two 
 groups of plants ; an ornamental border round the neck, 
 H. 6 in. 744. 
 
 Deep Dish. Chinese porcelain, covered with a greyish blue 
 glaze, on which is a decoration in white slip ; in the centre a 
 formal flower ; around, four plants of a strange character ; 
 border of circles. Diam. 15^ in. 745. 
 
 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 Section A. — Painted in Blue. 
 
 Flask-shaped Bottle, with two handles. Chinese porcelain, 
 coarsely painted in blue ; on each face a branch of peach. It 
 has a carved stand, and is contained in a case of hard wood lined 
 with silk ; on the lid of the box is engraved in fine characters, 
 Seuen tsze pao yiceh ping, "The precious moon [shaped] vase 
 of Seuen pottery," followed by the name Tsze-King, probably 
 an owner's name. H. 3;^ in. 746. 
 
 The term Seuen pottery may either refer to pottery of the period 
 Seuen-tih (1426-1436), ivith the elaborate 6nish of which it does 
 not accord, or it may signify the pottery of Seuen-tcheou, province 
 of Keang-nan, where porcelain was made under the dynasties of 
 Yuen (1260-1267) and Ming (1368-1644). See History of 
 King-te-chin, p. 23. 
 
 Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on the body four 
 monsters, and symbols among clouds above the waves of the 
 sea ; on the neck stiff leaves and two narrow borders. H. 11 in. 
 
 747. 
 
 Ewer, with long spout. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. On 
 each side a panel with flowers ; the rest of the surface decorated 
 with sprigs and symbols. The handle and cover replaced in the 
 East by metal. Mark, within a square, of the period Seuen-tih, 
 1426-1436. (2.2.) H. 9 in. 748. 
 
 Goukd-shaped Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, 
 with an archaic pattern copied from bronze. Mark, in the seal 
 character, of the period Taou-kwang, 1821- 1851. H. 8 in. 
 [PI. III. 29.] 749. 
 
 Vase and Covek. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; panels 
 enclosing flowering plants growing out of vases. The foot is 
 stilted. Mark, a flower. H. 6 in. [PL XIII. 167.] 750. 
 
 Paie op Bottles (sprinklers), with narrow necks. Chinese 
 porcelain; painted in blue ; around the shoulder a formal archaic 
 pattern. Mark, ¥a, " Elegant." [Upper character of PI. V. 
 47.] H. 4|in. 751. 
 
120 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 GouKD-sHAPED Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, 
 with stiff floral patterns. Mark, Fa, " Elegant." H. 4^ in. 
 
 752. 
 
 Hexagonal Jue, with high handle and flat cover. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue ; on the body, formal floral patterns ; 
 on the neck and cover, symbols. Mark, a hare. H. 5| in. 
 [PI. XIII. 165.] 753. 
 
 Jug and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; six lobes 
 on the body, on four of which female figures, in front a boy, and 
 at the back the fungus of longevity ; on the upper part flowers, 
 and on the cover the boy repeated. Silver mounting. H. 5^ in. 
 
 754. 
 
 Ewer and Cover, with flowing handle and spout. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in blue, with formal flowers and bands of 
 various patterns. H. 9f in. 755. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a large medal- 
 lion enclosing a landscape with four geese, border of formal 
 flowers and scrolls ; outside, six medallions with birds in land- 
 scapes, the spaces between being filled up with a swastika 
 pattern left in relief ; border of hexagon diaper. H. 6J in., 
 diara. 14 in. 756. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a circular 
 medallion with a cruciform pattern, suggested apparently by 
 two Buddhist dorges crossed, around six leaf-shaped orna- 
 ments, somewhat of an Indian style ; outside, six similar 
 ornaments and a border of zigzag pattern filled in with clouds. 
 H. 61 in., diam. 14^ in. 757. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a medallion 
 with a four-clawed dragon among clouds; border of swastika 
 pattern ; outside, two four-clawed dragons with sacred pearls 
 over the waves of the sea. Mark, Schwei fuh kung yung, 
 " For the public use of the general's hall." H. 6 in., diam. 
 13^ in. [PI. XII. 150.] 758. 
 
 Bowt^. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a large 
 seal character ; around it and outside, bands of Sanscrit cha- 
 racters. Mark of the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.) 
 Diam 1\ in. [PI. I. 12.] 759. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; the designs are coarsely 
 executed and outlined in dark blue, nearly black, the details filled 
 in with lighter blue ; inside, a medallion with the god of old 
 age seated on a stork floating on clouds above the sea ; outside, 
 four medallions, each enclosing two figures ; the spaces between 
 diapered with the word Show, " Longevity ;" border of octagons 
 enclosing flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. 
 (3.3.) H. 3f in., diam. 8| in. [PI. I. 6.] 760. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a butterfly on a 
 pear and a floral border ; outside, three medallions with three 
 
SECTION A.'^PAINTED IN BLUF. l2l 
 
 hares, surrounding the Yiug-yang amid clouds ; between them 
 detached sprigs of flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 
 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 6.] 761. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a medallion with 
 four boys surrounding a fifth, who is holding up a helmet ; 
 border of quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by six medallions en- 
 closing symbols. On the outside, four subjects, apparently form- 
 ing a continuous story ; they are divided from each other by 
 clouds. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) 
 H. 4 in., diam. 8 in. [PI. I. 6.] 762. 
 
 Fluted Basin, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; inside, a bird on a rock, around which are eight panels with 
 flowers, separated by tassels; outside, eight panels with vases or 
 symbols, also separated by tassels. H. 3 in., diam. 5| in. 763. 
 
 A similar bowl in the National Museum at Munich is stated to hare 
 helonged to William V., Duke of Bavaria, 1579-1597. 
 
 Basin, of which the sides are moulded in scale work. Chinese por- 
 celain, painted in blue ; inside, a medallion with a bird on a 
 flowering shrub ; outside, a flower on each scale, and a wavy 
 border. Mark, a seal character. Show, " Longevity." H. 2J in., 
 diam. 4i in. [PI. XIII. 170.] 764. 
 
 Shallow Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; inside, a 
 flower in the centre, and four plants growing out of rocks ; out- 
 side, groups of vases, &c. Mark, a symbol, two rolls. H. 3 in., 
 diam. 8^ in. [PI. XIII. 166.] 765. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on the outside a 
 pattern formed of repetitions of a weeping willow. Mark, a 
 flower. H. 3^ in., diam. 7 in, [PI. XIII. 168.] 766. 
 
 Basin, with indented edge and twelve lobes in slight relief. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a flower ; outside, a 
 floral sprig on each lobe, above which a seiies of symbols similar 
 to the mark engraved in Plate IX. 106. Mark, a lozenge-shaped 
 symbol. Diam. 6 in. [PL XIII. 162.] 767. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a four-clawed 
 dragon among clouds, continued over the edge to the outside. 
 Mark, Pao shing, " Inexpressibly precious." Diam. 6f in. 
 [PI. XII. 155.] 768. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a large kylin, 
 and a plantain. Mark, in a formal character, Yuh-tang kea he, 
 " Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall." Diam. 14 in. [PI. XII. 
 148.] 769. 
 
 Deep Sauoee Dish, with sixteen foliations moulded in relief. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a flower sur- 
 rounded by six symbols ; round this, a double range of sixteen 
 pear-shaped panels with a seal character Show, " Longevity," 
 alternating with a flower ; near the edge, the swastika repeated ; 
 
122 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED POECELAIN. 
 
 on the outside, a range of pear-shaped panels like those within, 
 and a second range with swastikas. Diam. 13 in. 770. 
 
 Saucer Dish, with flattened indented edge. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; the sides ribbed ; in the centre, a phoenix among 
 scrolls ; borders of various patterns. Mark, Fuh kwei chang 
 chun, '• Eiolies, honour, and an eternal spring." Diam. 7f in. 
 [PI. VI. 74.] 771. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue j inside, a four- 
 clawed dragon among clouds, continued over the edge to the 
 outside. Mark, /SeiywA, "Western jade." Diam. 8 in. [PI. XII. 
 153.] 772. 
 
 The best jade eomes to China from the countries to the west. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese porcelain, coarsely painted in a greyish blue ; 
 in the centre the word Show, " Longevity," surrounded by three 
 phoenixes ; bottom covered with rough sand from the baking. 
 Diam. 6;^ in. 773. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with lions and 
 
 J floral symbols ; outside, a floral scroll, engraved in the paste ; 
 
 brown edge. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. (3.3.) 
 
 Diam. 6^ in. [PI. I. 10.] 774. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a quatrefoil 
 with a chi-ysanthemum in the centre ; on each lobe a seated 
 figure with railing behind ; in the spaces a flower. Diam. 8 in. 
 
 775. 
 
 Sauces Dish, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; in the eeutre, a sage seated near a table, and a bird before 
 him ; round the side, panels enclosing fruit, with tassels between 
 them ; outside, similar decoration. Diam. 8 in. 776. 
 
 Saucer Dish, of eight-foil pattern. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; in the centre, a landscape with water ; border of storks 
 and plants ; outside, two birds flying, and two perched on trees. 
 Diam. 8 in. 777. 
 
 Saucer Dish, with wavy edge, and six double and twelve single 
 foliations in the border. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in 
 the centre, branches of flowers ; in the single foliations a small 
 flower, in the others a larger one ; border of flowering branches ; 
 outside the same design as within. Mark, a circular symbol. 
 Diam. 81 in. [PI. XIII. 164.] 778. 
 
 Saucer Dish, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; in the centre five sages examining a scroll, on which is 
 represented the Yang and Yin ; on the border eight symbols, 
 between which are the trigrams known as the Pa-kwa (see PI. 
 C. 19.) Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) 
 Diam. 61 in. [PI. I. 6.] 779. 
 
 Saucek Disu, with fluted sides. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; in the centre, a crab among marine animals and plants; on 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN Bl.UE. 123 
 
 the border, four flshes with sunilar adjuncts. Mark, a seal 
 character. Show, " Longevity." Diam. 8 in. [PL XIII. 170.] 
 
 780. 
 
 Two Saucek Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with 
 the design left in white ; a bird perched on a fruit tree ; wavy- 
 brown edge. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) 
 Diam. 6 in. [PI. I. 6.] 781. 
 
 Eight-sided Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the 
 centre, a river scene, with a man crossing a bridge ; round this, 
 a narrow border divided into two portions, one of them with a 
 trellis diaper, the other with birds and prunus blossoms, placed 
 alternately ; the border divided into eight compartments, four 
 of them with quatrefoil panels on a pale blue ground, enclosing 
 plants, &c. ; the other four with different patterns, one of them 
 being a landscape wiih two figures gazing upwards ; at the back, 
 plants. Mark of the period Hung-woo, 1368-1399. (3.3.) 
 Diam. 13^ in. [PI. I. 3.] 782. 
 
 Flat Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, 
 emblems of longevity, viz., an old pine tree, two deer, and two 
 storks ; border of scattered prunus flowers and bamboo leaves 
 on a blue ground ; at the back, five bats, emblems of the Five 
 Happinesses. Mark, in the seal character, Lin Chang-tsee 
 tsaou, " Made by Lin Chang-tsee." Diam. 14^ in. [PL XIII. 
 161.] 783. 
 
 Plate, with raised central boss. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; in the centre, a circular ornament surrounded by eight 
 symbols ; on the border, patches of diaper and four formal 
 flowers. Diam. 8 in. 784. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, flower- 
 ing plants growing out of water, and two storks ; border of 
 quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing plants 
 growing out of rocks ; on the back, four symbols. Mark, the 
 shell symbol, and engraved in the paste N=588 and a zigzag, 
 the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 8^ in. [PL VII. 
 80.] 785. 
 
 Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, 
 a scene representing a young man leaning on a table asleep ; 
 from his head proceeds a large scroll, intended to represent a 
 dream, on which are a young student, probably the dreamer, 
 and a young lady, who appear to be separated by a warrior 
 armed with a sword ; inner border of diaper with four medal- 
 lions enclosing crustaceans, &c. ; outer border, flowering plants 
 and ducks on water. Mark, Yew-lai, " The arrival of friends." 
 Diam. 6i in. [PL XII. 154.] 786. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre is a 
 scene from the legend of Wang Chi, who is represented as a 
 countryman looking on at a game of chess played by two seated 
 
124 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POEOELAIN. 
 
 old men ; border of quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by three medal- 
 lions with two figures in each, a fisherman and another. 
 Diam. 8| in. 787. 
 
 For the legend of Wang Chi, see No. 677. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a run- 
 ning pattern with chrysanthemums ; borders blue with white 
 birds and flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465- 
 1488. (3.3.) Diam. 6f in. [PI. I. 6.] 788. 
 
 Two Platks. Chinese porcelain, rudely painted in greyish blue; 
 in the centre two deer in a landscape ; around, fruit and flowers 
 in compartments. Diam. 8 in. 789. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre, a 
 medallion enclosing three fishes twisted together, around which 
 a running scroll ; border of flowers. Diam. 85 in. 790. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; formal white flowers 
 on a blue ground. Mark, a seal character. Diam. 8^ in. 791. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a land- 
 scape with a flowering tree, from which proceed eight lobes 
 enclosing flowers ; on the back, branches. Mark, a four-leaved 
 flower. Diam. 8^ in. [Compare PI. IX. 102.] 792. 
 
 Three Cups of various sizes, part of a nest. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; on each of them two four-clawed dragons 
 among clouds with the sacred pearl. Mark of the period Kea- 
 tsing, 1522-1567. (2.2.) Diam. of largest 3 in. 793. 
 
 Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a sage seated 
 under a tree, and a boy with a fan ; in the air, constellations. 
 Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.) Diam. 3| in. 
 [PI. I. 5.] 794. 
 
 Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in dark blue ; in the 
 centre, a medallion with the fungus of longevity ; from the side 
 proceed branches of the three trees of longevity, the fir, prunus, 
 and bamboo. Mark of the period Lung-king, 1567-1573. 
 (2.2.) Diam. 5i in. [PI. I. 11.] 795. 
 
 Two Tall Cups amd Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain, 
 painted in blue ; on each, eight wavy gadroons enclosing flower- 
 ing plants. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 3^ in., 5^in. [PI. VIII. 
 97.] 796. 
 
 Octagonal Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue; in the centre of each, a circular medallion ; on the sides, 
 eight panels enclosing growing plants. Mark, a flve-petalled 
 flower. Diam. 3 in., 5 in. [PI. IX. 104.] 797. 
 
 Hexagonal Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; on the saucer, a sixfoil, enclosing a flying bird, on a 
 ground imitating stonework, tinted blue ; around it, flowers on 
 a dark blue ground ; on the cup, border of a formal leaf pattern, 
 
SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 125 
 
 and a ground imitating stoaework. Mark, an indistinct seal 
 character. Diam. 2^ in., 4^ in. 798. 
 
 Cup and SAUCEr.. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; stiif floral 
 pattern in white on a blue ground. Mark, an insect. Diam. 
 3^ in., 5i in. [PI. IX. 108.] 799. 
 
 Cdp and Sattcee. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; I'ound the 
 outside of the cup, and in the centre of the saucer, a lady feeding 
 storks, with an attendant who holds an umbrella over her head ; 
 two narrow borders, one of network ; inside the cup, a scroll 
 enclosing a duck swimming ; outside the saucer, seven insects. 
 Diam. 2| in., 4^ in. 800. 
 
 Nine-sided Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, the 
 stag of longevity ; outside, the god of Longevity seated, and the 
 Pa-sien, or eight immortals, standing on clouds. Diam. 3^ in. 
 
 801. 
 
 Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a lady 
 seated : outside, four pairs of ladies with a plant between them. 
 Mark, Shing yeiv ya che, " The elegant manufacture of the 
 Holy Friends."' Diam. 2^ in. [PI. XH. 151.] 802. 
 
 Saucek. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a 
 landscape with a lady and her attendant. Mark, Nan-chuen 
 kin yuli, " The elegant jade of Nan-chuen." Diam. A\ in. 
 [PI. XII. 149.] 803. 
 
 Nan-ohuen is in the province of Sze-chuen, but the only place in that 
 province mentioned in the History of King-te-chin as a manufactory 
 of porcelain is Ta-i, in the department of Khiong-tcheou, which 
 existed under the Thang dynasty (Julien, p. 8). 
 
 Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; rice plants and 
 three geese. Mark of the period Tsung-ching, 1628-1644. 
 i)iam. SJin. [PI. XII. 146.] 804. 
 
 Two Diminutive Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 inside, a four-clawed dragon ; outside, two phoenixes among 
 clouds. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (2.2.2.) 
 Diam. 2i in. [PI. \\. 14.] 805. 
 
 QuADRANGULAK Incense Burnek, in the form of a vase, on four 
 legs with two upright handles. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; on each face is a landscape ; on the cover a lion. Mark, 
 Wan yuh, « Rare jade." H. 3^ in. ' [PI. V. 49.] 806. 
 
 FiBE Vase, somewhat barrel shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue j round the body a running scroll with flowers, above 
 and below which are raised bands. Mark, Ta Ming THen-kH 
 yuen nien, " The first year of the period T'ien-k'i of the Great 
 Ming [dynasty]." A.D. 1621. H. 2J in., diam. 2^ in. [Com- 
 pare PI. XII. 145.] 807. 
 
 Six-siDKD Cakisteb. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on 
 each face a similar Chinese water-scene ; borders blue ; on the 
 
126 OIiASS IV.~- CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 top five bats. Mark of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. 
 (2.2.) H. 4^ in. [PI. II. 18.] 808. 
 
 CisouLAE Box AND CovKR. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 a cinquefoil ornament on cover ; formal patterns on the side. 
 Mark of the period Kea-lsing, 1522-1567. (3.3.) Diam. 
 21 in. [PI. I. 10.] 809. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in greyish blue. A panel with 
 figures in a boat, and a long inscription, illustrating.the subject, 
 out of the Chih-pih fuh, the composition of Su She, a celebrated 
 poet, A.D. 1036-1101. Inside, two borders and the date of the 
 period Yung-lo, 1403-1424. (2.2.) [PI. I. 4.] Diam. 6J in. 
 
 810. 
 
 Massive Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted iu blue ; on the 
 outside, a panel with a Chinese subject, a boat, with an awning, 
 on a river, containing five figures ; the rest of the surface 
 covered with a long inscription of over 38 columns, an extract 
 from the Chih-pih fuh, a treatise by the Chinese poet Su She, 
 A.13. 1036-1101. Inside, two bands of scroll work inter- 
 rupted by flowers, surrounding an inscription with the date 
 of the Chinese period Yung-lo, 1403-1424. Mark, in the seal 
 character, of the Chinese Tsing dynasty. Diam. 6^^ in. 811. 
 This is a Japanese copy, as shown by peculiarities in the writing. 
 
 Two Small Basins. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on 
 the outside, Chinese subjects ; on the inside, two bands of 
 scroll work, interrupted by flowers, surrounding an inscription, 
 with the date of the period Yung-lo, 1403-1424. (2.2.) 
 H. 2 in., diam. 4 in. 812. 
 
 Ctlindkical Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; a foui -clawed dragon among clouds. Mark of the period 
 Keen-lung, 1736-1795. (2.2.) H. SJ in. 813. 
 
 Square Tile. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. Within a 
 raised circle is a figure of a Buddhist saint riding on a bufialo ; 
 at the corners, clouds. Width 7f in. 814. 
 
 Section B. — Painted in Blue, with othee Colours under 
 THE Glaze. 
 
 Gourd-shaped Bottle in two stages. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in blue, with details in maroon ; on the lower stage, five 
 ladies playing on musical instruments ; on the upper, a peach 
 tree, of which the fruit is in slight relief and coloured maroon ; 
 border round the neck of circles enclosing swastikas. H. 9 in. 
 
 815. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain; ornamented with two branches of 
 prunus {tiiei hwa), on which are perched birds, the latter and 
 the stems painted in blue, the flowers in relief in white, and the 
 details touched in with maroon ; inside, a fungus. M ark, a seal 
 character. H. 4^ in., diam. 7| in. 816, 
 
SECT. B. — PAINTED IN BLUE, ETC. UNDER THE GLAZE. 127 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a flower and a 
 border; outside covered with a Nankin yellow glaze. Mark, a 
 symbol of two rolls. Diam. 4| in. [PI. XIII. 166.] 817. 
 
 Two Cdps. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon 
 under the glaze; inside, a sprig ; outside, three plants. Mark 
 of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 3^ in. 
 [PL I. 6.] 818. 
 
 Pair op Shallow Bowls. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 and maroon under the glaze. In one, a stork and a nelumbium 
 plant ; in the other, a cat and a branch of fi'uit ; in both, a square 
 enclosing an inscription in the seal character, Yuh-tang kea ke, 
 " Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall." Diam. 5^ in. 819. 
 
 Shallow Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon 
 under the glaze ; inside, growing plants. Mark, Yuh-tang kea 
 ke, " Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall." Diam. 7 in. [PI. XII. 
 148.] 820. 
 
 Two Cups. Chinese porcelain ; in the bottom, a circular medal- 
 lion enclosing a landscape, painted in blue ; the rest of the cup, 
 inside and out, covered with a coffee- coloured glaze. No mark, 
 but engraved in the paste N 461 and a zigzag, the number of 
 the Dresden Collection. Diam. 2| in. 821. 
 
 Sauoek with raised socket. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 and maroon under the glaze ; in the centre, the seal character 
 (SAoio,. "Longevity"; around, figures ofthe eight immortals stand- 
 ing on various animals among the waves of the sea ; outside, 
 five bats. Mark in a square, Yang-ho tang chi, " Made at the 
 Yang-ho Hall." H. 4J in. [PL XII. 147.] 822. 
 
 CiLiNDEiCAL Sntjpp Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 and maroon under the glaze. A mythological scene, with twelve 
 figures, a rocky island surmounted by a pagoda and inscribed 
 Kin-shan sze, " Golden Isle Temple." On it is seated a per- 
 sonage with attendants, watching a combat between divinities 
 of water and air, near which is a boat with two women, one 
 directing the boat, the other armed with two swords. Mark of 
 the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. H. 3^ in. [PL II. 15.] 
 
 823. 
 
 The Kin-shan or Golden Isle is a picturesque rooky island in the Yang ■ 
 tze-kiang, near Chin-kiang-fu, once covered with Buddhist monas- 
 teries, and surmounted by a pagoda. It received its name on a visit 
 from the Emperor Kang-he in 1684 ; but the bnildings on it were 
 destroyed by the Taipings in 1860. There is a view of it in Yule's 
 Marco Polo, 2nd ed. II. 157. 
 
 Cylindricat. Snuff Bottle, Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 and maroon iindei- the glaze. Sea monsters floating on waves. 
 H. 3 in. 824. 
 
 Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon 
 under the glaze; landscape with man fishing ; silver .stopper 
 A 167. K 
 
128 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 with pink coral bead. Mai-k of the period Yuug-ching, 1723- 
 1736. (2.2.) H. 3iin. [PI. IT. 15.] 825. 
 
 Section C,— Painted in Colours over the Glaze. 
 
 FiGUEE of Tsao Kwoh-yung, one of the eight immortals, seated. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; he wears a black court 
 cap, a green dress with storks and clouds, and holds in his 
 left hand castanets; hexagonal pedestal with diaper in front 
 and a lozenge-shaped symbol behind. H. 5f in. 826. 
 
 FiGUBE of Leu Tung-pill, one of the eight immortals, standing. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; he wears a court head- 
 dress, and a chequered robe with a sword hilt near one shoulder, 
 and holds a fly flap in the right hand ; pedestal in Ihe form of 
 the waves of the sea. H. 9in. 827. 
 
 FiGUBE of Han Chung-le, one of the eight immortals, standing. 
 Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; he has a long white 
 beard, and wears a green dress outlined with flowers, and bears 
 over his shoulders a branch of peach. H. 10^ in. 828. 
 
 Pais or Wall Ornaments, in the form of swallows with raised 
 wings. Chinese porcelain painted in colours ; the one nearly 
 full face, with purple breast, the other turned aside, with yellow 
 breast. H. 6^ in. .829. 
 
 Pair of Wall Ornaments. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours, with gilding. They consist of quadrangular plaques, 
 with a kylin's head in full relief on each ; towards the upper 
 part, openings for suspension; the whole surface painted with an 
 elaborate subject representing an old man with two boys ap- 
 proaching two females in a doorway ; in the corners, bats in low 
 relief. 8^ in. by 5^ in. 830. 
 
 Vase, with cylindrical neck and a quadrangular body tapering 
 downwards. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the neck, 
 a landscape with a boat and trees growing out of rocks ; on the 
 body, four scenes : 1 . The Emperor seated at a table, with a 
 military attendant and mandarin rubbing ink ; in front, two 
 figures. 2. Three mandarins holding their sceptres and attended 
 by their fan bearers, one pointing to the sun. 3. A figure 
 kneeling before the Emperor on horseback with three military 
 attendants. 4. A figure kneeling before the Emperor, seated, 
 with four attendants. H. 19 in. 831. 
 
 Vase and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 groups of boys playing at various games. H. 15^ in. 832. 
 
 BoTTLE-SHiPED Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with 
 yellow enamelled ground ; three five-clawed dragons among 
 clouds above the waves of the sea, out of which one of them is 
 rising. H. 13 in. 833. 
 
SECT. C. — PAINTKD IN COLOURS OVEK THE GLAZE. 129 
 
 Diminutive Vase. Chinese 23orcelain, painted in blue with touches 
 of other colours ; formal scrolls and flowers. Mark, in the seal 
 character, of the period Yung-chinff, 1723-1736. H. 2 in. 
 [PI. in. 25.] 834. 
 
 OviFOEM Vase. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; two medallions enclosing Chinese subjects, with 
 eight to ten figures in each, between them running branches 
 with coloured flowers in full relief. H. 10 in. 835. 
 
 OviFOBM Vase and Cover. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted 
 in blue under the glaze and in colours with gilding ; two large 
 panels enclosing Chinese domestic scenes, with three figures 
 and a boy in each ; between them two small medallions with 
 landscapes in red, and a broad band of flowers on a ground of 
 gilt scrolls; on the cover two medallions with landscapes in red; 
 artichoke-like fruit as knob. H. 18^ in. 836. 
 
 Pair of Ovifoem Vases. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue 
 under the glaze and other colours ; two ladies in a boat, one 
 holding a child ; growing plants ; in the air a bat and but- 
 terflies. H. 5| in. 837. 
 
 OviFOKM Vase. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with 
 gilding ; four flve-clawed dragons, each of them of a different 
 colour, among clouds ; lavender coloured ground ; the inside 
 and foot of a pale green. Mark' impressed and coloured red, 
 Shun-tih tang chi, " Made at the Shun-tih Hall." H. 8| in. 
 [PI. IV. 35.] - 838. 
 
 ' Leaf-shaped Box, surmounted by the figure of a lion playing 
 with its whelp. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly 
 green ; round the sides of the box a running scroll of flowers. 
 H. 2\ in., L. 3 in, 839. 
 
 Eight-sided Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours, 
 with gilding ; inside, a sage seated on a carpet with books, &c. ; 
 border of a quatrefoil pattern in yellow and green, inter- 
 rupted by four panels enclosing chrysanthemums ; on the out- 
 side, eight panels with Chinese subjects relating principally to 
 wine drinking, in one of them a figure kneeling before an idol 
 with incense burning ; deep border of green and yellow. Mark 
 of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.)- Diam. 8^ in. 
 [PI. I. 6.] 840. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with a bright 'red 
 gi-,ound ; a very fprnial floral design. Mark of the period Ching- 
 hwa, W65-1488 (3.3.), and a pricked character Tun, probably 
 the name of a former owner. Diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 6.] 841. 
 
 Pair of Bowls. Chinese porcelairi ; inside painted in blue ; two 
 children, one of them riding a hobby horse ; outside a brilliant 
 red, with scrolls and flowers of an archaic style in gold. Mark 
 of the period Yung-lo, 1403-1425. (3.3.) Diam. 4f in. 
 [PI. I. 4.1 842. 
 
 K 2 
 
130 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 Two Bowls. Chinese porcelain ; the inside painted in blue, 
 with a figure of a literary man holding a branch ; the outside 
 coloured of an orange red, with formal flowers and scrolls in 
 gold. Mark Tan-kwei, " Red Olive," a metaphor for literary 
 honours. H. 21 in., diam. 4i in. [PI. XII. 156.] 843. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours j inside, a branch of 
 peony ; outside, a pheasant on a rock, from which spring peonies 
 and a tree with large green flowers. Mark, a four legged vase. 
 Diam. 7| in. [PI. IX. 111.] 844. 
 
 Bowl and Cotek. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; in- 
 side each, a stork with extended wings, forming a circular 
 medallion ; outside, phcenixes alternating with four-clawed 
 dragons disposed in circles ; borders of stiff scrolls and flowers. 
 Mark, a seal character. H. 5 in., diam. 6 in. 845. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain ; inside plain ; the outside with three 
 circular medallions enclosing red flowers, the intervening spaces 
 coloured green, and ornamented with subjects outlined in black. 
 Mark, in the seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. 
 Diam. 9^ in. [PL III. 26.J 846. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with gilding; 
 four medallions enclosing lanterns and vases, between which 
 conventional flowers and scrolls. Mark, in red, of the period 
 Heen-fung, 1851-1862. (3.3.) Diam. 7 in. [PI. II. 19.] 
 
 847. 
 
 Pair of Bowls and Covers. Chinese porcelain of a bluish 
 paste ; the outside coloured sea-green and ornamented with 
 branches of a flowering plant in green and red. Mark of the 
 period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (2.2.2.) Diam. 4^ in. [PI. II. 
 14.] 848. 
 
 Pair of Eice Bowls. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours 
 ^vith branches of flowers, and in one case a seal in red. Mark 
 of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. (2.2.2.) Diam. 3J in. 
 [PI. II. 15.] 849. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; outside covered with- pink enamel, 
 on which are a floral band and borders, outlined in red. Mark, 
 in the seal character, of one of the periods of the Tsing dynasty, 
 indistinct. Diam. 4-^ in. 850. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; outside, eight sym- 
 bols grouped in pairs; borders in red. Mark, in the seal 
 character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 4i in. 
 [PI. III. 26.] *851. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; eight 
 figures in fantastic dresses carrying symbols, probably ambas- 
 sadors from the tribes of the Man, or Southern barbarians. 
 Mark, in red, in the seal character, of the period Tung-che, 
 1862-1875. Diam. 4^ in. [PI. III. 31.] 852. 
 
SECT. 0. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 131 
 
 Ewer, with straight handle and flowing spout. Chinese porce- 
 lain, painted in colours ; on the body, eight panels with fruit 
 and flowers ; oti the neck, two five-clawed dragons, and two seal 
 characters : Wan, " Ten thousand," and Show, " Longevity." 
 Mauk of the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.) H. 7 in. 
 [PI. I. 12.] 853. 
 
 Cylindrical Coffee Pot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 the handle and spout covered with green enamel, the rest orna- 
 mented with formal floral rosettes, irregularly scattered over the 
 surface, and relieved by a brick-red ground ; impressed borders 
 of Greek fret ; on the cover a peach in relief. Mark, in black, 
 Wo-shin men Leang-ki shoo, " Painting of Leang-ki in the 
 Wo-shin year." The Wo-shin year is the fifth of the cycle, 
 probably 1808. H. 9^ in. [PL XII. 144.] 854. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; inside 
 red, with a medallion in the centre, bearing an inscription to the 
 following effect, " The white clouds hang low, so that men meet 
 them;" outside, circles with patterns in bright colours on a 
 mottled black ground ; borders of key pattern in red. Mark, 
 on a square, in black, of the cyclical year Wo-shin, the 5th 
 year, probably 1808. Diam. 4f in. 855. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain ; inside and bottom painted a deep red ; 
 outside a mottled black, with gilt edge. Mark, on a square, in 
 black, of the cyclical year Wo-shin, the 5th year, probably 1808. 
 Diam. 3i in. 856. 
 
 Massive CiEctrLAK Stand. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 chi^y red. In the centre, an octagon with a five-clawed dragon, 
 from which proceed four other compartments with similar 
 dragons, the intermediate -spaces filled in with diapers in red; 
 border of a lozenge pattern, interrupted by four medallions con- 
 taining the characters Wan-leih nien chi, being the mark of 
 the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620; on the thick edge a diaper in 
 red. Diam. 7^ in. 857. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly red 
 and green ; in the centre, a five-clawed dragon among clouds ; 
 on the side, four panels enclosing similar dragons, and plants ; 
 between them, diapers in red; outside, six symbols. Diam. 
 7i in. 858. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; a basket 
 containing a group of brilliant flowers ; border of varying diaper 
 patterns, interrupted by six medallions containing alternately a 
 butterfly and a flower. Mark, a leaf. Diam. 11 in. [PL VIII. 
 9L] 869. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in 
 the centre a fish with a dragon-like head, rising out of the waves 
 of the sea, on which peach blossoms are floating ; the animal is 
 blowing a red cloud out of its mouth ; border of floral diaper, 
 
132 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POECBLAIN. 
 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing monsters* heads. 
 Mark, in the seal character, Fan, the maker's name. Diam. 
 6i in. [PI. XIII. 160.] 860. 
 
 Plate, Chinese porcelain, covered with a Nankin yellow glaze, 
 and painted in green and maroon with a few touches of red ; 
 plants growing out of rocks ; butterflies round the edge. Mark, 
 a hare and crescent. Diam. 8J in. 861. 
 
 Dish, with eight raised foliations on the sides. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in red and brown with gilding; in the centre the 
 goddess Kwan-yin, with a child in her arms, appearing to a 
 man with an attendant holding a state umbrella over his head ; 
 in the border a flower over each foliation. Diam. 9 in. 862. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in 
 the centre, water plants outlined in blue under the glaze, and 
 two ducks and two other birds ; on the border, the Pa-sien, or 
 eight immortals, riding on various animals or monsters, among 
 waves ; between them rocks. Diam. 8f in. 863. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with gilding ; in 
 the centre, plants growing out of water, and a pair of mandarin 
 ducks, emblems of connubial felicity ; inner border of yellow 
 trefoils ; on the edge, the Pa-sien, or eight immortals, standing 
 on various marine animals, gourds, &c., among the waves of the 
 sea, which are beating against rocks placed between the figures. 
 Diam. 8| in. 864. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, richly enamelled in colours with 
 gilding ; in the centre, plants growing out of water, and a pair 
 of mandarin ducks ; inner border of pink diaper with flowers 
 interrupted by four medallions enclosing symbols ; on the 
 border, four of the Pa-gien, or eight immortals, riding on ani- 
 mals, monsters, &c. among waves, with four other figures between 
 them ; on the rocks are pink flowers. Diam. 8| in. 865. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the 
 centre, a stork with extended wings forming a circular medallion ; 
 it holds in its beak a branch of the peach-tree of Longevity ; on 
 the border five similar medallions with fishes between them, 
 on a ground of a key pattern in black. Diam. %\ in. 866. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue under the glaze, with 
 touches of other colours ; inside, a pair of mandarin ducks 
 among nelumbium plants ; outside, a formal pattern composed of 
 mandarin ducks and nelumbium plants. Mark, Gae leen chin 
 chang, " Precious reward for the lover of the nelumbium " (the 
 water lily). Diam. 6 in. [PI. XII. 152.] 867. 
 
 Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with o-ild- 
 ing ; in the centi'e, a medallion enclosing a peacock in its pride • 
 around it, five panels with a bird on a flowering branch ; the 
 spaces between them are filled in with a diaper in brown on a 
 gold ground. Diam. 6^ in. ggS_ 
 
SECT. C.^PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 133 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, decorated in black, gold, and silver ; 
 ill the centre is an European lady and child seated in a Chinese 
 house, an European gentleman is approaching her holding a 
 glass, and another carrying a flower vase ; a floral border, among 
 which are insects : beyond this, two formal, borders, and between 
 them a border of vine leaves and grapes, with squirrels in gold 
 and silver. Diam. 9 in. 869. 
 
 Although representing Europeans, the scene is unquestionably 
 Chinese, and has been perhaps intended to represent an European 
 residence in China. 
 
 Pair of Deep Plates. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding ; in the centre, a lady on horseback led by 
 an old man holding a pipe and followed by, a boy with rolls ; 
 on the border, branches of vine with grapes in gilding of different 
 tints. Diam. 8^ in. 870. 
 
 Saucer' Dish. Chinese porcelain enamelled in colours ; in the 
 centre, a formal pink peony flower ; on the sides, four circles 
 enclosing seal characters ; outside, a formal design of flowers 
 with the knot symbol on a yellow ground, and four medallions 
 with the same characters as on the inside, and reading Kieh 
 
 - siang ju i, a proverbial expression, signifying, " May good luck 
 be according to your wishes." Diam. 7 in. 871. 
 
 Paik of Saucer Dishes. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled 
 in colours ; in one of them, an old man painting a fan, with 
 a child looking on ; in the other, two men seated among books 
 and vases ; the backs, excepting the centres, covered with a 
 fine ruby colour. Diam. 8 in. 872. 
 
 Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, with green four-clawed 
 dragons on a yellow ground ; the outside coloured green. Mark 
 of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. (2.2.) Diam. 3^ in. 
 [PI. II. 18.] 873. 
 
 Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted with yellow enamel 
 slightly rough, so as to imitate the skin of a lemon. Mark, in 
 the seal character, not very distinct, but apparently Tsing chin 
 shin tsang, "Pure gem of the deep treasury." Diam. 6\ in. 
 
 874. 
 
 Oval Tkay. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; 
 in the centre, a panel witli a domestic scene ; a Chinese literary 
 man and two ladies with books ; around this, a border of 
 dragons and clouds ; the sides in openwork with an edge of 
 orange and gold diaper. Diam. 9^ in. by 8 in. 875. 
 
 The peculiarity of this dish consists in a space having been left plain 
 in the border of dragons, such as -vroiild have been occupied by an 
 European heraldic device ; it is not easy to see how this could be 
 added without injury to the present painting and gilding. 
 
 Sacrificial Washing Cup. (i.) Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours ; the handle supported by two dragons, with two other 
 
134 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 dragons in relief under the lip ; archaic designs of a bronze 
 pattern, with rosettes of various colours on a speckled green 
 ground. L. 4| in. 876. 
 
 Compare Jacquemart and Le Blant, PI. v., fig. 2. 
 
 Teapot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on each side, a 
 panel with Chinese figures, a man in a boat, &c. ; on the lid, 
 spout, and handle, floral scrolls ; beneath the handle a lozenge- 
 shaped symbol. Mark, a leaf. L. 4J in. [PI. VIII. 93.] 
 
 877. 
 
 Tea Pot. Chinese porcelain, in the form of a nelumbium flower, 
 painted in colours ; the sides represent the petals of the flower, 
 with a floral sprig painted on each ; the handle and spout are 
 formed of the stems of the plant, and the cover represents the 
 fruit. H. 4 in. 878. 
 
 Hexagonal Tea Pot. Chinese porcelain, with pierced panels in 
 relief, painted in colours, chiefly black, green, and red ; the 
 panels on the sides have growing plants, above which is painted 
 a floral scroll on a black ground ; on the lid, a branch of prunus 
 flower ; the handle is in the form of a fish and the spout issues 
 from a dragon's head. H. 6J in. 879. 
 
 Hexagonal Teapot. Chinese porcelain, with pierced panels in 
 relief, painted in colours, chiefly pink ; on the sides, flowering 
 plants growing over a trellis; on the lid, branches of peach tree. 
 H. 4^ in. 880. 
 
 Teapot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly pink and 
 green ; the lower part fluted, so as to represent a chrysanthe- 
 mum flower, coloured pink ; above, branches of flowers ; the 
 handle and spout in the form of stems, from which proceed 
 branches of chrysanthemum in relief; a similar branch sur- 
 mounts the cover. H. 4^ in. 881. 
 
 Teapot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the body, the 
 Pa-Sien, or eight immortals, riding on various animals through 
 the waves of the sea ; on the lid, an aged woman and a phoenix. 
 H. 5i in. 882. 
 
 Milk-pot and Cover, from a service of Chinese eggshell porce- 
 lain, enamelled in colours ; in front, a medallion enclosing a bird 
 perched on a rock, from which spring flowering plants ; at the 
 sides, two medallions with fruit and flowers ; the rest of the 
 surface is covered with brilliant flowers and scrolls ; the cover 
 surmounted by a gilt lion. H. 4f in. 883. 
 
 Milk-pot and Coyer. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours, 
 with silver and gilding ; on the front, a leaf-shaped medallion 
 enclosing a Chinese interior with rich furniture, vases, &c., in 
 which is a soldier addressing n seated lady ; from the leaf spring 
 branches of prunus in blue ; the ground covered with a rich 
 floral diaper of a brocade pattern in red and gold. H. 5 in. 884. 
 
SECT. 0. PAINTED IN COLOURS OTER THE GLAZE. 135 
 
 Oblong Tea-caddt. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on 
 the two larger sides, pairs of cocks fighting ; on the others, growing 
 plant-s ; a chrysanthemum on the cover. H. 3^ in. 885. 
 
 Oblong Tea-caddy, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours with gilding ; the body has on it engraved 
 plants, and is coloured of a turquoise blue, excepting half panels 
 with flowers in red and gold on a blue ground ; on the flat 
 shoulders, floral ornaments in green and gold ; on the cover, a 
 red flower with green leaves. H. 4 in. 886. 
 
 Vase-shaped Tea-caddy. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours 
 with gilding ; on the body, a circular panel with vases containing 
 fruit and flowers, and two lozenge-shaped panels with flower 
 branches ; between them, a diaper on a pink ground, and orna- 
 mental bars in gold ; raised scroll-work round foot. H. 5 in. 887. 
 
 Vase-shaped Tea-caddt. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; on the body, two Chinese scenes : a boy playing 
 with a rabbit, while other figures are looking on, and two boys 
 dressed up as a dragon, &c. ; between them, landscapes in lake, 
 and diapers in bro^vn and gold ; on the cover, two landscapes in 
 lake, and a diaper in brown and gold ; raised scroll-work round 
 foot. H. 51 in. 888. 
 
 Vase-shaped Tea-caddt. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; 
 on the body, raised scrolls of vine with squirrels ; round the 
 neck, painted flowers and bats ; raised scroll-work round foot. 
 H. 5 in. 889. 
 
 Vase-shaped Tba-caddt. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; 
 a bird perched on a prunus tree with other flowers ; raised 
 scroU-vrork round foot. H. 5 in. 890. 
 
 OcTAGONAt. Cup, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours ; on each of the sides a panel enclosing a figure of one 
 of the Pa-Sien, or eight immortals ; the rest painted chiefly in 
 green and red. Impressed mark, in the seal character, Chung- 
 huh she, « The Chung-kuh family." H. 2| in. TPl. XIII. 
 158.] ^ 891. 
 
 Octagonal Cup, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in green aiid red ; on each side a plant with leaf ornament below. 
 Mark, stamped in relief, in the seal character, Tsun Chin, the 
 maker's name. H. 2| in. [PL XIH. 159.] 892. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; 
 the saucers have sixteen depressed foliations ; in the centre, a 
 medallion with plants growing out of rocks ; on each of the 
 foliations, a symbol ; border of green sprinkled with black with 
 large flowers, interrupted by four panels enclosing large symbols ; 
 a similar decoration on the cups. Mark, in thp seal character, 
 indistinct. Diain. 3 in., 5 in. 893. 
 
 Hexagonal Cup ano Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding ; on the cup, six panels, enclosing alternately 
 
136 CX.ASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. 
 
 a lady standing and a plant with insects ; in the centre of the 
 saucer, a lady in a landscape surrounded by six panels, with a 
 lady seated, alternating with plants. Mark resembling the 
 letter G. Diam. 2| in., 5 in. [PI. XIII. 169.] 894. 
 
 Cup and Saucee. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; bunches of flowers and narrow borders. Mark on the 
 cup, a small red flower, and engraved in the paste N=88 being 
 
 I 
 the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam, 3^ in., 5^ in. 
 
 895. 
 
 Sauckr. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly maroon 
 and green ; in the centre, flowers ; narrow border. No mark, 
 but engraved in the paste N=97, being the number of the 
 
 I 
 Dresden Collection. Diam. 4^ in. 896. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside, a medallion 
 with a plant in blue, around which eight formal sprigs, alter- 
 nately blue and in colours; outside, three medallions with 
 flowers on a yellow ground, the spaces between of brilliant black 
 ■with branches of white prunus. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 3 in. 
 [PI. VIII. 100.] 897. 
 
 Two-handled Cup, with scalloped edge. Chinese porcelain, 
 
 painted in colours with gilding ; a bunch of leaves of diiferent 
 
 colours, with a large flower in the centre, about them smaller 
 
 flowers. Diam. 2| in. 898. 
 
 Compare Jacquemart and Le Blant, PI. 10, fig. 4.^ 
 
 Cup and Saucee. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; ornamented with 
 leaf-shaped panels, on which are landscapes pencilled in black 
 with faint gilding ; the rest of the surface of a greenish blue. 
 Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. 899. 
 
 Tv70 Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a prunus 
 tree, on which is perched a bird ; Chinese inscriptions in black. 
 No mark, but engraved in the paste N=96, and N=:97, being 
 
 I I 
 
 the numbers of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 4^ in. 900. 
 
 Cup and Saucek. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in 
 colours ; on both a pattern somewhat resembling a flower with 
 petals, alternately yellow and pink ; on each petal and in the 
 centre, a flower ; narrow border of a pink diaper, inteiTupted 
 by four panels enclosing flowers. Diam. 21 in., 4| in. 901. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in 
 colours ; iu the centre of each a buttorlly resting on a flower, and 
 around, a band of rich floral pattern ; yellow borders. Diam, 
 21 in., 4{ in. 902. 
 
 Two Cups and Sadcees. Chinese eggshell porcelain, moulded 
 in slight relief like a flower of six petals, with ornaments en. 
 
SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 137 
 
 amelled in colours ; in the centres of the saucers a pink flower 
 surrounded by a band of variously coloured diapers : around 
 this, sprigs of flowers ; similar decoration on cups. Diam. 2| in., 
 41 in. 903. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in 
 colours with gilding ; on each a hidy playing on a musical in- 
 strument, with a boy at her side, vases, &c. ; outer border, a 
 pink diaper interrupted by three medallions enclosing gilt scrolls ; 
 inner border, panels with scroll-work and pink flowers on a 
 diapered gold ground. Diam. 3 in., 41 in. 904.' 
 
 Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours with 
 gilding ; a leaf-shaped panel enclosing a peacock and hen on 
 rocks, from which spring flowers ; the edges of the leaf in gold, 
 relieved by a ground of black diaper ; border of floral scrolls in 
 gold. Diam. 4^ in. 905. 
 
 Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; on each 
 two scroll-shaped panels on a ruby ground enclosing figures and 
 plants," two yellow chrysanthemums and a central flower. 
 Diam. 2 J in., 4^ in. 906. 
 
 Coffee Cup and Saucer from a Chinese eggshell service, 
 pencilled in black and red with gold and silver ; on each a large 
 junk and small boats. Diam. 2^ in., 4^ in. 907. 
 
 Cup and Saucer, in the form of nelumbium flowers, the stem, 
 buds, and leaves of which form the feet. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours with gilding ; in the centres, a medallion with 
 a joss-house among waves and two birds ; around this, a series of 
 red flutes, and beyond, diapers in black and gold alternating with 
 representations of waves. Diam. 2| in., 4^ in. 908. 
 
 Two tall Cups. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours, with 
 peonies very carefully painted. The insides and bottoms coloured 
 green, with gilt edges. Mark in red, in the seal character, 
 Heae chuh choo-jin tsao, " Made by (or for) the lord of the Heae 
 Bamboos." H. 21 in. [PI. VI. 72.] 909. 
 
 Ccp. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; on one 
 side a figure of the famous Chinese minister Su Wu, seated, 
 and holding his staff of office ; behind him, six cattle, with an 
 inscription on the one in front, part of " the Song of the Shep- 
 herd," relating to him ; further on, a long inscription gi'^ing an 
 account of the personage. Mark in red, in the seal character, 
 of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. H. 21 in. [PI. III. 
 29.] 910. 
 
 Su Wu was a chamberlain of the Emperor Wu Ti, by whom he was 
 sent, in B.C. 100, on a mission to the Khan of the Hiung-nu, a 
 Turkic tribe. Having sought to encompass the death of a Chinese 
 renegade at that court, he was imprisoned, and ordered to forswear 
 his allegiance to China. On his refusal he was sent into the deserts 
 ^6 a shepherd, where for 19 years he tended the Hiung-nu flocks, 
 using his staff of office as a crook. He returned to China B.C. 81, 
 as an old man, and attained high office. See Mayers' Chinese 
 Beader's Manual, No. 628. 
 
138 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POECELAIN. 
 
 Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red flower 
 like an iris with black leaves ; on the other, the inscription 
 Hang hvia hung shih le, " The apricot blossoms redden the 
 country for miles," alluding to spring ; part of a verse by the 
 poet Soo Tung-po, who flourished A.D. 1068-1085 ; sides with 
 raised dots and covered with green glaze. From Egypt. H. 2|-in. 
 
 911. 
 
 See Medhurst, Trans. China Branch of Asiatic Society, 1853, PI. iii., 
 p. 45, No. 12. 
 
 Snttff Bottle. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red flower 
 like an iris with black leaves ; on the other, an inscription Ming 
 pue sung chung chaou, " The bright moon shines among the 
 firs," the third line of a sonnet by Wang Wei, a poet of the 
 Tang dynasty, who flourished about A.D. 702-745 ; sides with 
 raised dots and covered with green glaze. From Egypt. H. 2 in. 
 
 &12. 
 
 A snuff bottle with the same inscription is engraved in Davis's Chinese 
 (1844), vol. III., p. 36. See also Medhurst, Transactions of China 
 Branch of Asiatic Society, 1853, PI. iii., p. 45, No. 1. 
 
 Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red flower 
 with black leaves ; on the other, an inscription, Chih tsae tsze 
 skan chung, " Only in the midst of this mountain," a passage 
 from a poem by Kea Taou, who flourished A.D. 831-837 ; 
 sides with raised dots and covered with green glaze. From 
 Egypt. H. 2\ in. 913. 
 
 See Medhurst, Trans. China Branch of Asiatic Society, 1853, P). iii., 
 No. 2. 
 
 Two Snuff Bottlf.s. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red 
 flower with black leaves ; on the other, an inscription Leaou 
 tih shaou jin che, " Which few I ween can comprehend," part 
 of a quatrain relating to tranquillity by Chaou Yung, a writer 
 who died between A.D. 1068-1085, under the Sung dynasty ; 
 sides with raised dots, covered in one instance with green, in the 
 other with pink. From Egypt. H. Ifin. 914. 
 
 See Medhurst, Trans. China Branch of Asiatic Society, 1853, PI. iii. 
 No. 3. 
 
 Snup'p Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a gentle- 
 man on horseback and a lady in a wheeled chair, each with an 
 attendant. Mark, in red, of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. 
 (2.2.) H. 2i in. [PI. IT. 15.] 915. 
 
 Snuff Bottle in the form of a vase. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours; four-clawed dragons of various colours among clouds 
 over the waves of the sea ; on the rim three bats ; purple 
 glass stopper. Mark, in red, in the seal character, of the period 
 Yung-ching, 1723-1736. H. 3^ in. [Pi. III. 25.] 916. 
 
 Double Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with figures in relief, 
 painted in colours with gilding ; two ceremonies, one of them 
 containing numerous figures. H. 2| in. 917. 
 
CLASS V. — CHINESE PORCELAIN, PIERCED ORNAMENTS. 139 
 
 CLASS v.— CHINESE PORCELAIN WITH PIERCED 
 ORNAMENTS FILLED WITH GLAZE. 
 
 Paik of Small Bowls. White Chinese porcelain, with pierced 
 ornaments filled in with glaze ; stiff floral pattern. Diam. 4 in. 
 
 918. 
 
 Bjcs, Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with portions 
 of the design filled in with glaze ; a room, through the window 
 of which may be seen the sun over the waves of the sea ; a lady 
 seated and a man kneeling before her ; through the open 
 doorway a man is watching them. Mark, in the seal character, 
 of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 41 in. [PI. III. 
 26.] 919. 
 
 CLASS VL— CHINESE POTTERY. 
 
 Antefixal Oknament, from a roof, in the form of a circular 
 medallion. Chinese pottery, yellow glazed ; on it, in low relief, 
 a five-clawed dragon. From the tombs of the first and second 
 emperors of the Ming dynasty to the East of Nankin, built 
 about 1400, and destroyed by the Taipings in 1853. Diam. 
 6i in. 920. 
 
 Akchitecxueal Panel. Chinese pottery, moulded in relief, and 
 glazed with white, red, green, and yellow ; on it, a yellow 
 throne on which are three bud-like objects, one white, another 
 red, and the third green, symbolizing the San-tih, or three 
 moral excellences of Buddha ; behind are wavy rays of the 
 four colours above mentioned. From the Porcelain Tower at 
 Nankin, commenced by the emperor Yung-lo, and terminated in 
 1430, destroyed in 1853. H. 14 in., width 11 in. 921. 
 
 Moulded Beick. Chinese pottery, with a formal pattern com- 
 posed of three nelumbium flowers, emblems of Buddha, in low 
 relief, and glazed yellow and green on a green ground. From 
 the Porcelain Tower at Nankin. L. 13 in., width 6 in. 922. 
 
 Ctlindeioal Bowl. Brown Chinese stoneware with ornaments 
 in relief, partially glazed in colours ; an old fir tree, and a stork 
 among clouds. On one side, two verses relating to the subject, 
 and an engraved seal of the writer. Ivory cover. Mark incised 
 of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. H. 3 in., diam. 3f in. 
 [PI. I. 10.] 923. 
 
 Globulak Jak and Covek. Chinese pottery, covered with a 
 thick apple-green glaze. On the cover, in low relief, the seal 
 character FuIi " Happiness." H. 4^ in. 924. 
 
 Tea-pot, of singular shape, composed of a dragon and fishes issuing 
 from waves. Red Chinese stoneware {boccaro). L. 5^ in. 
 
 925. 
 
 Tea-pot, of fanciful form. Red Chinese stoneware (boccaro) ; it 
 is in the shape of a pomegranate, to which are attached various 
 other fruits and seeds in different coloured clays, the handle is 
 
140 CLASS VI. — CHINESE POTTERY. 
 
 in the form of fruit of the buffalo hoi-n ( Trapa bicornis), one of 
 the feet is in the form of the fruit of the nelumbium with move- 
 able seeds, a (nushroom forms the lid, around the upper part the 
 Pa-kwa engraved, and on one side an inscription signifying 
 " May [Heaven] bring great peace to all people," and the name 
 of the writer, Tsze-yen, and the maker, Yen-tsiang. L. 7 in. 
 
 926. 
 
 Teapot, in the form of a phoenix. lied Chinese stoneware (jboc- 
 caro). The hole of the spout is in the neck of the bird, which 
 is looking backwards, and the tail foims the handle. H. 4^ in., 
 L. ej in. 927. 
 
 Tkapot. Red Chinese stoneware {hoccaro) ; moulded to repre- 
 sent the leaf and buds of the nelumbium ; the lid and portions of 
 the ornaments drab coloured. H. 2^ in. 928. 
 
 Teapot, in the form of a finger citron. Red Chinese stoneware 
 (bocearo) ; the stem forms the handle ; a bud and leaves form 
 the feet ; the cover, of silver, in the shape of a leaf. L. 8^ in. 
 
 929. 
 
 Six-sided Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware {bocearo) ; in each 
 compartment a raised medallion with the prunus tree ; on the 
 cover raised branches and a stag holding in its mouth the 
 Chi plant, or fungus of Longevity. L. 6 in. 930. 
 
 QtJADRANGULAK Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware {bocearo) ; 
 pierced panels with prunus, fir tree, and other plants. H. 4^ in. 
 
 931. 
 
 Quadrangulak curved Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware (Jboc- 
 caro) ; the sides pierced in diamond-shaped compartments, en- 
 closing branches of bamboo, fir, and prunus tree ; in the spaces, 
 the swastika ; on the cover, bamboo leaves and stem. H. 4 in. 
 
 932. 
 
 OVal Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware (bocearo') ; raised me- 
 dallions of the prunus tree, and in the spaces the swastika; 
 knob of lid the Chi, or fungus of Longevity. H. 4f in., 
 L. 6f in. 933. 
 
 Coffee-pot of large size. Red Chinese stoneware (bocearo) ; it 
 is six-sided, and ornamented with panels of openwork repre- 
 senting the fir, prunus, and magnolia ; the spout ornamented 
 .with the head of a dragon, of which the tail forms the handle ; 
 on the cover a fox. H. 16 in. 934. 
 
 Covered Cxip and Saucer. Red Chinese stoneware (bocearo). 
 On each of them a band of openwork, composed of branches of 
 prunus and other plants. On the cover a monster holding in its 
 mouth the fungus of Longevity. Diam. 3 in., 5 in. 935. 
 
 Square Dish. Brown Chinese stoneware, with moulded patterns 
 in outline ; in the centre a monster ; border of scrolls, &c. 
 W. 6 in. 936, 
 
CLASS VI. A. — COBBAN POTTERY. 141 
 
 Ctlindrical Pot, in the form of a section of a branch of a fir- 
 tree. Brown Chinese stoneware (boccaro). The bark and 
 knots are imitaterl in a remarkable manner. Mark stamped in 
 the seal character, Ming Yuen, probably the maker's name. 
 H. 4i in. 937. 
 
 Sent from Japan as Chinese. The design is somewhat Japanese, and 
 if made in that country the mark would read Ahito. 
 
 CLASS VI.A.— COREAN POTTERY. 
 
 The peninsula of Corea projects from the norfch-east of 
 China towards the Japanese islands, and has been the 
 route by which many of the arts and sciences have travelled 
 to the latter country. It was anciently divided into three 
 kingdoms, Kaoli, Petsi, and Sinra, which were united into 
 one about the middle of the 10th century. Since 1636 the 
 king of Corea has been to a very limited extent tributary 
 to the Emperor of China. In A.D. 200 a successful expe- 
 dition was undertaken against Corea by the Japanese 
 Empress Zingu, which did not, however, produce any last- 
 ing results. In 1592-1598 an invasion was made under 
 the great warrior Hideyoshi, commonly called Taiko, which 
 led to a species of vassalage, and the prince of the island of 
 Tsusima, who used to conduct all the relations between the 
 two countries, established a small factory, or rather corps 
 of observation, in Corea, near Fusankai. 
 
 Siebold includes pottery and porcelain among the pro- 
 ducts of Corea, but states that they are coarser than 
 Japanese wares, and exhibit the infancy of the art. As 
 little seems to be known of the history of ceramics in Corea, 
 it may be well to collect what can be gleaned of their 
 history, though in some cases repeating what has been 
 already said under the head of Japan. 
 
 It was probably from Corea that the Japanese obtained 
 the first improvements over the simple pottery made by 
 them in early times. 
 
 In the early part of the reign of the Emperor Suinin, 
 B.C. 27, the followers of the Corean prince, Amano Hiboko, 
 settled at Hasama, province of Omi, where they manu- 
 factured a kind of pottery, somewhat harder than that 
 previously made, and decorated on the exterior with small 
 lines. Their descendants remained in A.D. 720, when they 
 still formed a corporation of potters. 
 
 After the invasion of the Empress Zingu, A.D. 200, 
 several Coreans settled in Japan and made pottery. 
 
 According to the Niponki, in 463 some Japanese princes 
 introduced from Petsi a number of colonists, among whom 
 
142 CLASS VI. A. — COREAN POTTEKY. 
 
 were some potters, who, however, were stated to have bs- 
 longed to a Chinese corporation established in Corea. 
 
 The factory at Karatsu, province of Hizen, was probably- 
 erected by Coreans towards the end of the 7th century, and 
 at that factory Corean pottery was especially copied from 
 1555 to 1572, to supply utensils for the tea clubs, which 
 were called Okugoma, to distinguish them from the true 
 Corean specimens ; and Corean clay was even introduced 
 to as late a date as 60 or 70 years ago. 
 
 About 1590 a Corean named Gen-pin settled at Seto, 
 province of Owari, where he made whitish grey pottery 
 with rough designs in blue under the glaze. It is, how- 
 ever, particularly stated that the blue decoration was not 
 introduced by the Coreans, but was previously known in 
 Japan. The art of making this kind of pottery is said to 
 have perished with its founder. 
 
 At the beginning of the 16th century imitations of Corean 
 stoneware were made at Shigaraki, province of Omi, in 
 Tamba, and at Ugi, province of Yamashiro, the latter 
 known as Asahi ware. 
 
 In the I7th century a Corean named Rikei, or Korai- 
 Saiyemon, made earthenware at Hagi. The foot rim of 
 each piece had a nick cut out of it in the Corean fashion. 
 His descendants have ever since continued the manufacture. 
 It was to this factory that a prince of Nagato of the Mori 
 family brought Corean workmen at the end of the I7th 
 century, as stated by Dr. Hoffmann. 
 
 About ] 550 a Corean named Ameya settled at Kioto, 
 where he founded the Raku fabric, which is continued by 
 his descendants. 
 
 The products, however, of all these factories are of a 
 coarse and common character, glazed stoneware at the best. 
 The only ornamental wares said to be of Corean origin are 
 those of the province of Satsuma. Pottery making was 
 introduced there about 1470 from Corea, but was only 
 a stoneware covered with metallic glazes. The kiln was 
 on a Corean model. The finely ci'ackled ware was made 
 in 1592, when the Prince of Satsuma brought home with 
 him a certain number of Corean potters, whom he settled 
 at Kagoshiiiia and Chiusa. About 1630 a Corean named 
 Koyo is said to have introduced the decoration in gold. 
 This is the only evidence from Japanese sources that deco- 
 ration, properly so called, was applied to earthenware of 
 Corean origin, and that may have been derived from in- 
 struction by Japanese teachers. The style of decoration, 
 at any rate of the Satsuma pottery, is truly Japanese. 
 
CLASS VI. A. — OOIIEAN POTTERY. 143 
 
 . The only connection with porcelain making is that a 
 (!!orean named Ri-sanpei was brought to Axita, province of 
 Hizen, after the war in 1592, by a general in the service of 
 Prince Nabeshima, he, however, made only a plain white 
 porcelain. 
 
 We may therefore set aside as idle tales all that M. 
 Jacquemart has written about Corean porcelain. The 
 specimens he describes are mostly Japanese, though a few 
 may be Chinese, and his opinions are founded on the most 
 erroneous data. He had received from Dr. Hoffmann in- 
 formation of wliich he was unable to take advantage from 
 an original error in terms, the word Yaki being indifferently 
 used to signify both pottery and porcelain, and having been 
 taken in the latter sense by Dr. Hoffmann. 
 
 In the museums of Leyden and the Hague are a few 
 specimens of Corean pottery, all of a common description. 
 
 The truth is the tea clubs are the explanation of the 
 frequent introduction of Corean workmen into Japan. True 
 Corean pottery was what was most sought by those insti- 
 tutions, and if that was unattainable they ordered Japanese 
 imitations. 
 
 Several specimens of ivory white porcelain have from 
 time to time been attributed, to Corea, (one of which is 
 described under No. 1485,) perhaps owing to the mention of 
 the Pe-ting vases in the History of King-te-chin. 
 
 In that work (p. 85) is a short account of the Kao-li-yao, 
 or porcelains of Corea. From this it would appear that 
 this porcelain is extremely thin and has a glaze like that 
 of King-te-chin; some are of a pale blue, like those of 
 Long-tsuen, and others with little flowers. The author 
 praises the gourd-shaped vases, and those in the form of 
 lions. 
 
 This account, however, does not entirely agree with what 
 has been collected on the subject from other Chinese works 
 by M. Billequin, who was sent to Pekin to collect for the 
 Museum at Sfevres, and whose experiences are recorded in 
 the Gazette des Beaux Arts, ] 877, p. 230. 
 
 If the Coreans were capable of making porcelain of a fine 
 quality it is singular that so few productions of this nature 
 have reached us from Japan, and that the Coreans are not 
 recorded as having had a greater influence on the Japanese 
 manufacture of porcelain. 
 
 Tiie obscurity in which the subject is enveloped can only 
 be dissipated by a better acquaintance with Corea and its 
 inhabitants. 
 
 A 167. I- 
 
144 CLASS VLB. — LOOCHOO POTTEKY. 
 
 Globular Pot of coarse fabric. Corean stoneware; on the 
 shoulder are scrolls very faintly painted in blue. H. 3 in., 
 Diani. 4 in. 938. 
 
 Sent from Pekin as an undoubted specimen of Corean fabric. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Corean stoneware, partially covered with a white 
 glaze, crackled. Diam, 5 in. 939. 
 
 Bowl. Corean stoneware, covered with a white glaze ; on the 
 outside four seal characters, incised and outlined in black, 
 being the words Gen-kwei, repeated, probably the name of a 
 place ; below a series of lozenges in low relief ; above a scroll 
 in black. Lacquered cover. Diam. 7-^ in. 940. 
 
 Sent from Japan as Corean. 
 
 Palk of Teats, with indented edges. White Corean stoneware, 
 glazed. Diam. 5^ in. 941. 
 
 Vase, with short body and wide spreading mouth. Corean 
 pottery, covered externally with a white glaze, and in the mouth 
 with a coifee-coloured glaze ; two rudimentary handles. H. 
 6i in, 942. 
 
 Sent from Japan as made in Corea by the Japanese, but it is not 
 probable that the Japanese founded any potteries in that country. 
 
 Water Bottle with a short spout. Brown Corean earthenware ; 
 the upper part covered with a coarse brown glaze, through which 
 a band of white slip is seen. H. 6| in. 943. 
 
 Sent from Japan as Corean. 
 
 CLASS VI. B.— LOOCHOO POTTERY. 
 
 The Loochoo Islands are situated to the south of Japan, 
 and are dependencies of that country, and formerly used 
 also to send tribute to the Emperor of China. They have 
 seldom been visited by Europeans, who are not allowed 
 to trade with them. Little is known of their manufac- 
 tories, but red pottery and porcelain are mentioned among 
 them. The specimen exhibited does not suggest any high 
 development of ceramic art in the country. 
 
 Bottle. Dark brown Loochoo stoneware ; roughly made and 
 slightly glazed. H. lOf in. _ 948. 
 
 Sent from Japan as a specimen of Loochoo ware. It resembles some 
 early Japanese wares, such as those from Bizcn. 
 
CLASS VII, — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 145 
 
 CLASS VII.— JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Section A. — Plain White. 
 
 Figure op JuEOJiisr, the god of Longevity, seated on a tortoise. 
 Greyish Japanese porcelain. He has a pointed beard, and holds 
 in his right hand a roll. The tortoise has a hairy tail and 
 peculiar head, showing it to be the sacred tortoise. Some of 
 the details are covered with brown lacquer, probably added to 
 conceal fi'actures. H. 10. 950. 
 
 FiGCEE OP HoTEi, the god of Contentment. White Japanese 
 porcelain. He is represented sitting with his bag at his right 
 side. H. 41 in. 951. 
 
 Ornament in the form of a lion standing on a rock, out of which 
 a peony is growing. White Japanese porcelain, probably 
 made at Mikawaji, province of Hizen. H. 6^ in. 952. 
 
 Incense Burner, in the form of a buffalo. White Japanese 
 porcelain ; on its back is a bundle of sticks, through which the 
 smoke escapes. Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province of 
 Hizen. Length, 5^ in. 953. 
 
 Bowl, gadrooned in imitation of the petals of a flower. White 
 Japanese porcelain. Inside an inscription in ten words, en- 
 graved in the paste and filled in with blue, alluding to spring 
 and signifying " The peach blossom came after the two 
 swallows." Mark in black, Fu-ji yo Ma-kuzu tsukuru. " Made 
 at the Fuji kiln at Makuzu." Kioto ware. Diam. 6 in. 
 [PI. XIV. 175.] 954. 
 
 Teapot. Japanese porcelain ; with a branch of a creeper in 
 relief; a hollow handle with pierced openings; the top sur- 
 mounted by a tangle of filaments ; round the body are painted 
 parallel lines of pale green. Mark, Ma-huzuyo Ko-zan tsukuru. 
 Made by Kozan of the Makuzu kiln. Ki6to ware. H. 7 in. 
 [PI. XIV. 176.] 955. 
 
 Makuzu-gahara is near Ki6to. 
 
 Figure of Ku wan-on, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin. White 
 Japanese porcelain ; the flesh portions unglazed ; she is standing, 
 and holds in her hand a branch. A circular pedestal in the 
 form of rockwork. Mark on the figure, Ko-zan tsukuru. 
 " Made by Kozan ; on the pedestal, Ma-kuzu yo Ko-zan tsukuru. 
 " Made by Kozan at the Makuzu kiln." Kioto ware. H. 1\ in. 
 [PI. XIV. 176.] 956. 
 
 Figure op Kdwan-on, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin. White 
 Japanese porcelain ; the flesh portions unglazed ; she is seated, 
 and holds in her hands a nelumbium flower. H.4^in. 957. 
 
 L 2 
 
146 CLASS VII.— JAPANESE POBOELAIN. 
 
 Section B. — Colouked Glazes. 
 
 FiGTJHEOF HoTEi, the god of Contentment, probably an incense 
 burner. Japanese porcelain, partially covered with green 
 celadon glaze. He is represented as a fiit man, standing and 
 holding in his left hand the mouth of a large bag. The flesh 
 is left dull and coloured pale brown. H. 8^ in. 958. 
 
 Vase, with two handles. Japanese porcelain, covered with dark 
 green celadon glaze. It is composed of two phoenixes, of which 
 the bodies form the vase, and the heads the handles. H. 7^ in. 
 
 959, 
 
 Bowl. Dense red Japanese porcelain, covered with a dark celadon 
 glaze ; inside impressed ornaments, consisting of the word takai, 
 " Honourable," in the centre, and on the sides Confucius and 
 five other figures accompanied by inscriptions ; outside large 
 fiowers and leaves engraved in the paste, and a border of key 
 pattern. H. 5 in. ; diam: 9 in. 960. 
 
 Stand for a teapot lid, formed of the figures of three little 
 boys with their hands joined in a ring. Japanese porcelain, 
 covered with a green celadon glaze. H. 1| in. 961. 
 
 QuADBANGtrLAE Saki Bottle. Japanese porcelain, covered 
 with blue glaze, and with a minute decoration on each face in 
 white slip. Known as Ruri ware from its colour. H. 5J in. 
 
 962. 
 
 Cup-shaped fieb pot. Japanese porcelain, covered with a deep 
 blue glaze, on which are scattered cherry blossoms in low 
 relief, left white. Known as Ruri ware from its colour. 
 Probably made at Seto. H. 31 in. 963. 
 
 Teat in the form of a hand screen. Japanese porcelain, covered 
 with a dark blue glaze ; the rib and tassels in low relief. 
 Length \0\ in. 964. 
 
 Two Cups. Japanese porcelain ; the outside covered with 
 brown glaze. Mark, partly in Chinese characters, partly in 
 Japanese, Hizeri'kuwan yo. Nem-bohu-an Ki-zo sei. " Hizen 
 pottery. Made by Kizo of Nembokuan." Diam. 3^ in. [Chinese 
 characters, PL XIV. 189.] 965. 
 
 Saucek. Japanese porcelain, covered inside and out with a 
 brown glaze ; on it a branch of prunus executed in white slip. 
 Diam. 6 in. 966. 
 
 Two Shallow Bowls. Japanese porcelain, covered with a 
 mottled warm brown glaze. Inside is a branch of prunus in 
 silver, gold, and red. Diam. 5^ in. 967. 
 
 Sauce Pot. Japanese porcelain, covered with a brown glaze ; 
 with a plant in white slip. Mark on the cover, Kosai sci. 
 " Made by Kosai." II. 3 in. 968, 
 
SECTION 13. COLOUKED GLAZES. 147 
 
 Beehive-shaped Vessel, with small cover. Japanese porcelain, 
 covered with a rich brown glaze, over which are scattered 
 patches of dark blue. H. 3 in. 969. 
 
 Two Satjcebs, moulded in the form of an armorial badge, 
 formed of two butterflies. Japanese porcelain, covered with a 
 pale brown glaze, and with the design outlined in blue relief. 
 Owari ware. Diam. 6| in. 970. 
 
 Said to have been made by order of the Prince of Owari. 
 
 Square Bottle. Japanese porcelain ; the body coloured brown 
 with plants growing out of rocks in low relief ; the ublb. 
 covered with a sea green celadon glaze. Probably made at 
 Kioto. H. 8i in. 971. 
 
 Five-sided Feuit Dish. Japanese porcelain, covered with a 
 purple glaze and a few touches of turquoise. Mark, impressed 
 San-raku yen tsukuru. " Made at the Sanraku house." Kishiu 
 ware. Diam. 6i in. [PI. XIV. 181.] 972. 
 
 Ctlhsdeical Pot. Japanese stoneware, covered with a deep 
 purple glaze running over a light blue one. Kishiu ware. 
 H. 44 in. <073. 
 
 Pot and Covbe. Japanese porcelain, splashed with turquoise, 
 maroon, and amber colour. Made at the Sanraku house. 
 Kishiu ware. H. 3J in., diam. 3^ iu. 974. 
 
 Shaped Teay. Coarse Japanese porcelain ; the inside covered 
 with a turquoise glaze, and ornamented with flowers in gold ; 
 the outside glazed purple. Kishiu ware. Length 5J in. 975. 
 
 OviFOEM Canistee, Japanese porcelain, with floral ornaments 
 in low relief, covered with a light purple glaze. Mark painted 
 in blue, Kai-raku yen sei. " Made at the Kairaku house." 
 Kishiu ware. H. 4^ in. [PI. X. 127.] 976. 
 
 Box, in the form of a peach. Japanese porcelain, with a dull 
 surface, pricked over, excepting in portions representing leaves, 
 flowers, and a phoenix, which are covered with bluish green and 
 yellow glazes. Kishiu ware. Length 3^ in. 977. 
 
 Teapot. Japanese porcelain, with ornaments in low relief 
 glazed in various colours ; on the body ' two three-clawed 
 dragons among clouds ; on the lid symbols ; the ground lilac ; at 
 the bottom a band of green ornament. Mark in black, Dai 
 Nippon Ko-sai sei. " Made by Kosai of Great Japan." H. 7 in. 
 [PI. XIV. 186.] ' 978. 
 
 Section C. — Painted in Blue. 
 
 Small Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. A landscape 
 with five children playing, and an old fir tree growing out of 
 
148 CLASS VII.— JAPANESE POECKLAIW. 
 
 rocks. Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province of Hizen. 
 II. 2i in., diam. 3i in. 979. 
 
 Mikawaji is six miles south of Arita, and a factory was established 
 there ahout 1650 by a prince of the Madsu-ura family, residing at 
 Hirato, whence the name of the ware. The productions were only 
 made for his own use or to be sent as presents ; among them are 
 especially mentioned the blue and white ware painted with Chinese 
 boys playing under a pine tree, of which the sale was forbidden. 
 The number of the boys varies from three to seven, the greater the 
 number the more valuable the piece. 
 
 Cylindrical Incense Burner, with openwoi-k cover. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in blue. A fir tree and other plant.s growing 
 out of rocks ; the cover represents a network of bamboo 
 with scattered cherry blossoms. Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, 
 province of Hizen. H. 3 in., diam. 2 in. 980. 
 
 Globular Incense Burner. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; round the body three children in a landscape ; the cover 
 represents a network of bamboo. Hirato ware, made at 
 Mikawaji, province of Hizen. Diam. 3 in. 981. 
 
 Globular Incense Burner. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; round the body a prunus tree and bamboo ; the cover 
 represents a network of bamboo with scattered cherry blossoms. 
 Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province of Hizen. Diam. 3 in. 
 
 982; 
 
 Globular Incense Burner, with flattened sides. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in blue ; on each side dragons among 
 clouds ; the cover represents a network of bamboo. Hirato 
 ware, made at Mikawaji, province of Hizen. Diam. 2J in. 983. 
 
 Globular Incense Burner. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 blue, with a few touches of red. Round the body groups of 
 plants; the cover imitating network. Hirato ware, made at 
 Mikawaji, province of Hizen. Diam. 3^ in. 984. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted, in blue with a river 
 scene ; outside a running scroll, and underneath an heraldic 
 device or mark ; one spur mai'k. Hirato ware, made at Mika- 
 waji, province of Hizen. Diam. 8^ in. 985, 
 
 Circular Box. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue with bands 
 of various diapers; the ivory cover has on it the names of the 
 signs of the zodiac. Diam. 3^ in. 986. 
 
 Thick Cup. Japanese porcelain, transfer printed in two tints of 
 blue, one of them greyer than the other ; inside, a band of 
 dragons and a pearl ; outside, a floral scroll, below which a band 
 of ten Japanese figures. Mark, in the seal character, transfer 
 printed, Tai min nen sei. " MJide in the great Ming period." 
 H. 3 in., diam. 3iin. [PI. XIV. 174.J 987. 
 
 Two Saucer Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; 
 a growing water plantrtin (Alisma plantagoj ; outside, three 
 symbolical ornaments. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, 
 province of Hizen. Diam. 8 in. 988. 
 
SECTION C. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 149 
 
 The village of Okawaji is about three miles north of Arita ; the factory 
 belonged to the Priuoe of Nabeshima, and was removed there about 
 1710 from Iwayagawa. Its products were not made for sale, and 
 may be distinguished by a series of parallel lines on the foot rims, 
 like the teeth of a comb, whence it is also called Kusliide yald. 
 
 Saucek Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; poppies in 
 flower. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen. 
 Diam. 8 in. 989. 
 
 Paik of Oval Tkays. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; two 
 fish and waterweeds ; underneath two branches of flowers. Na- 
 beshima ware, made at Okawaji, proviuce of Hizen, L. 9 in. 
 
 990. 
 
 Two Deep Saucers, with indented edges. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in Hue ; with the spray of a creeper ; outside two 
 flowers. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen. 
 Diam. 5| in. 991. 
 
 Branch of Chrysanthemum. Japanese porcelain ; a white 
 flower, brown stalk, and blue leaves ; round the stalk is repre- 
 sented a paper wrapping tied with a cord. Probably Nabeshima 
 wave, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen. Length 4| in. 992. 
 
 Pair of Trays, of a fanciful shape. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; they represent a peach with leaves. L. 4 in. 993. 
 
 Dish, with scalloped edge. Japanese porcelain, with ornaments 
 in low relief and painted in blue ; it represents two bivalve 
 shells below the waves of the sea, from one of them proceeds a 
 scroll, such as is used by the Japanese to represent a dream, 
 on which are buildings and a landscape ; on the back various 
 insignia of office. Diam. 13^ in. 994. 
 
 Cup, moulded in the form of a nelumbium leaf. Jajjanese porcelain, 
 painted blue on the outside. H. J.-| in., L. 3 in. 995. 
 
 Cup, of fantastic form. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; it 
 represents a gigantic prunus flower, of which the stem and buds 
 form the handle and foot. L. ^\ in. 996. 
 
 Evidently copied from a Chin ese carving in hard stone. 
 
 Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark grey under the glaze ; 
 inside, a medallion with a landscape and grotesque animals ; 
 outside, a fir tree, prunus, and bamboo with birds on their 
 branches ; on the spaces a swastika and two rings. Mark en- 
 graved in the paste, Ki-yen tnuhuru. " Made by Kiyen." Diam. 
 5| in. [PI. Xiy. 188.] 997. 
 
 Saki Cup and Stand. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. 
 Inside the cup, symbols and clouds ; outside, branches of fir tree 
 and prunus, interrupted by three medallions ; in one, two figures 
 playing at Go, in the second a figure riding on horseback, and 
 in the third a junk in full sail ; on the stand, fishes and rocks. 
 Mark, Dohachi, the name of the painter. Kioto ware. H. 2| in., 
 diam. 2| in. [PI. XV. 190.] 998. 
 
150 CLASS VII. --JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Globulae Pot. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. A river 
 scene with boats, and peoplo watching from the shore. Mark, 
 Kan-zan kin sei. "EespectfuUymade by Kanzan." Ki6toware. 
 H. 3i in. [PI. XIV. 179.] " 999. 
 
 Vase, for powdered tea. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue 
 with Chinese subjects, representing sages, with constellations, 
 &c. Ivory cover. H. 2| in. 1000. 
 
 Two Cylindeical Pots. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; 
 six geese on water. H, 3J in. 1001. 
 
 Dish, in the form of a scallop shell. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blu£ ; with bands of diaper, alternating with plain bands of 
 dark and light blue. Mark, a square imitating a seal. Diam. 
 7^ in. ' • - 1002. 
 
 Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; outside, three storks 
 and three symbols among clouds. Mark, Fuhu-shun ken 
 Giyoku-sei sei. " Made by Giyokusei of the Fuku-shun house." 
 Diam. 3 in. [PI. XIV. 177.] 1003. 
 
 Wide Mouthed Vessel. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. 
 A landscape representing numerous buildings among rocks, with 
 figures of bonzes walking about. H. 5^ in., diam. 8| in. 1004. 
 
 Bakkel-siiai'bd Vask. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. On 
 it are representations of the sixteen Arhans or principal fol- 
 lowers of Buddhii,. I-I. 5J in. 1005. 
 
 For figures of tho Arhans or Bakans, see Siebold's Nippon, Pt. v., 
 PI. xxxviii. a, p. 157, where their names are given. 
 
 Nareow -NECKED BoTTLE. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; 
 on the body a fir tree and bamboo, with bird.s in their branches j 
 round the neck a landscape with a figure riding. Mark of the 
 Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1466-1488. (3.3.) H. SJ in. 
 [PI. I. 6.] 1006. 
 
 Stated to have been made by Gorodayu Shonsui, who introduced into 
 Japan the art of malting porcelain in 151S ; it closely resembles 
 other works attributed to him. 
 
 Square Vase, probably for flower.s. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blue. On each side a panel, apparently copied from a 
 Chinese design ; viz., 1 . A literary man in a house reading, an 
 attendant bringing him tea; 2. An old man fishing; 3. Two 
 peasants carrying sheaves ; 4. An old man, and a boy riding a 
 buffalo ; borders of fishes and clouds. Mark of the Japanese 
 period Bun-kua, 1804-1818. H. 9^ in. [PI. XIV. 172.] 
 
 1007. 
 
 Two Gourd-shaped Vases. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 blue. Round the upper part is a band on which is a long in- 
 scription out of Confucius' works, being a conversation between 
 that philosopher and Tsze Loo on Filial Piety, Brotherly 
 Love, Patriotism, Truth, &c., and formal scroll work ; below 
 
SECTION C. — rAINTED IN BLUE. 151 
 
 this are plants and birds on a blue ground. The lower part is 
 divided into four diagonal compartments filled with minute 
 diaper by bands inscribed Ko, Tei, Dju, Sin, being the subjects 
 of the conversation. Mark on one of the period of the Bun-kwa 
 (1804^1817) ; on the other, Narau waga zo-sen Shon-sui Go- 
 ro-da-yu tokoro sei. " Made in imitation of my ancestor Goroda- 
 yuShonsui." H. 8 in. [PI. XIV. 172, 184.] 1008. 
 
 OvTKOEM Vase and Flat Cover. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 blue ; scattered flowers of the prunus on a blue ground, imi- 
 tating stonework. Mark of the Chinese period Taou-kwang, 
 1821-1851 (2. 2.). H. 6 in. [PI. II. 18.] 1009. 
 
 OcTAGONAX Stand, for a saki cup. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blue ; the upper part with white prunus flowers on a blue 
 ground ; the lower with three branches of flowering plants. 
 Mark of the Chinese period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851 (2. 2). 
 H. 2| in. [PL II. 18.] 1010. 
 
 Saucee, with hollow edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. 
 The edge is scalloped so as to form sixteen points, between each 
 of which is an opening. The ornaments consist of circles of 
 various sizes on a dark blue ground, enclosing symbols or 
 diapers. Mark, a blue panel with a white quatrefoil. Modem. 
 Diam. 4|in. 1011. 
 
 Saucee. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; three phoenixes 
 on a ground of floral scrolls ; formal scroll round edge of back. 
 Mark, Mei-ji nen To-yen sei. " Made by To-yen in the period 
 Mei-ji," 1868 to present time. Diam. 5 in. [PL XIV. 173.] 
 
 1012. 
 
 Saucee Dish, in five lobes. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 a river scene, on which a gentleman and lady in a boat ; above, 
 verses ; outside, eight verses. Mark, Ki-to ken Hoku-han sei. 
 " Made by Hokuhan at the Kito house." Diam. 8 in.. [PL XIV. 
 185.] 1013. 
 
 Ctlindrical Fiee Vase. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 inside, a lace border ; outside, a very full floral pattern. The 
 designs are all transfer printed. Mark, in the seal character, 
 transfer printed, of the period Ka-yei, 1848-1854. H. 3 J in., 
 diam. A\ in. 1014. 
 
 Goued-shaped Vessel. Japanese porcelain, with flowers and 
 buds in relief; their stems and leaves painted in blue. Seto 
 ware. L. 4 in. 1015. 
 
 Teay, of pecuhar form. Japanese porcelain ; the outside covered 
 with a celadon glaze, excepting representations of two mush- 
 rooms moulded in the paste and left unglazed. Inside, two 
 branches of peach executed in a similar way to the mushrooms, 
 and bunches of flowers painted in blue. Mark, Ki-sui tsukuru 
 hoi-e. "Kisui made this." Ki6to ware. L. 6iin. 1016. 
 
152 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE I'OROELAIN. 
 
 Box, in the form of a bivalve shell. Japanese porcelain ; the out- 
 side, brown ; the inside, painted with landscapes in blue. Pro- 
 bably Seto ware. W. 2{ in. 1017. 
 
 Box, in the form of a bivalve shell. Japanese poreelaiu ; on the 
 outside is outlined in blue a chrysanthemum with a yellow 
 centre. Inside, the mark of the period Keen-lung, 1736- 
 1795 (2.2.), and Kin-ting-shin tsao. "Made by Kin-ting-shin." 
 Length 4J in. 1018, 
 
 Dish, in the form of a shell. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; 
 it imitates the Venus's ear (Haliotis) ; on the inside is a land- 
 scape with water and a bridge ; the outside blue ; it rests on 
 feet, one of which r^resents a walnut shell. Mark within 
 a square, Keen-lung urh shih nien tsao. " Made in the twen- 
 tieth year of the period Keen-lung." A.D. 1755. Length 8| in. 
 
 1019. 
 This nnd the last were scut from Japan ns Chinese. 
 
 Two CiRCULAK Thays. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, 
 with details in red. In the centre a medallion, with the waves 
 of the sea, among which are books and prunus blossoms, the 
 whole enclosed in a red circle. Around the edge, ten fans. 
 'rhree spin- marks. Mark of the period Yem-po, J673-1681. 
 Said to be Nabeshima ware. Diam. 5^ in. [PI. XIV. 171.] 
 
 1020. 
 
 vSkction D. — Painted in Colours. 
 
 Saucer-dish. Japanese porcelain. On it arc represented three 
 jars side by side, the centre one plain white, one of the others 
 painted in i-ed to represent crackle, the third with a running 
 pattern of red ilowers and green leaves. The ground a wave 
 pattern in blue under the glaze. Outside, three floral ornaments 
 in blue. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of 
 Hizen. Diam. 8 in. 1021. 
 
 Saucer-dish. Japanese porcelain. Covered with a prunus tree, 
 of which the trunk is in blue under the glaze, the rest in 
 natural colours ; on the outside three symbolical ornaments. 
 Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of Ilizcn. 
 Diam. 8 in. 1022. 
 
 Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. The centre 
 divided into three parjs, in each of which is a fish among 
 flowers on a green ground ; the border a diaper of key pattern 
 in green mid blue ; red scroll at back. Two spur marks. 
 Diam. 7| in. 1023. 
 
 Two sTisAiGHT-siDED (Jups. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours with gilding ; three quatrefoil panels enclosing the 
 sacred tortoise ; blue border. Mark, Sem-mio Sei-kwa nen^sei, a 
 blundered imitation of a Chinese date mark. Diam. 4 in. 1024. 
 
SKOTIOll D. — iUiNTfiD IN. COLOURS. 153 
 
 BoTTLK-SHAPKD "V'ase. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding. The ground with red lines to represent grass, in 
 which are scattered flowers, plants, and leaves ; round the 
 neck a broad band of red between smaller bands of yellow and 
 green ; a broad band of red round the base. Said to be old 
 Imari ware, made by Kakayomon. H. 14J in. 1025. 
 
 BoTTLK. Japanese celadon porcelain, crackle_d and painted in 
 colours, with gilding ; an old flr tree, prunus and bamboo growing 
 out of a rock. H. lOJ in. 1026. 
 
 Deep Saucer Dish, with scalloped edge in sixteen foliationia. 
 Japanese celadon porcelain, painted in green and brown, with 
 gilding ; in the centre the Kiku, or chrysanthemum badge, with 
 leaves alternately plain and diapered ; from this proceed sixteen 
 compartments with various diapers, over which are scattered 
 four large and two small Kikus. Outside, floral scrolls in gold. 
 Diam. lOJ in. 1027. 
 
 Basin. Coarse Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside 
 is a white cii'cle surrounded with a turquoise baud, from which 
 spring a prunus tree and othei* plants. Old Imari ware. Diam. 
 5f in. 1028. 
 
 Fire Vase. "Very white Japanese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; on the outside a bamboo, a prunus, and two birds. 
 Old Imari ware. Diam. A\ in. 1029. 
 
 Shallow Bowl and Cover. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours ; branches of red poppies with blue and pale green leaves ; 
 outside scattered leaves ; blue edge. One spur mark. Old Imari 
 ware. Diam. 5f in. 1030. 
 
 GouRD-SHAPKD Bottle, in two stages. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours ; a bamboo and a prunus tree growing out 
 of banded hedges and rocks ; on the shoulders two butterflies 
 in relief, forming handles. H. 6^ in. 1031. 
 
 CoFKEE Pot, moulded in four compartments, with scalework 
 in relief. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly red, blue, 
 and green ; in the panels a figure near a railing, from which 
 grows a prunus tree ; on the upper part, four representations of 
 the Paulownia imperialis, the badge of the Mikado's family ; 
 on the neck two symbols ; cover and mountings of metal gilt. 
 H. 7 in. 1032. 
 
 See Jacquemart and Le Blant, Plate 1, Fig. 4. 
 
 Hexagonal Bottle and Covee, on three small feet. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in blue under the glaze, with flowering 
 plants, storks, and other birds ; and with slight details in colours 
 and gilding. H. 10 in. 1033. 
 
 Teapot. Japanese porcelain. Painted iu colours, chiefly red, blue, 
 and green ; six compartments ; on four of them a growing 
 plant; on the others and on the lid flowers. Old metal gilt 
 mountings. L. 5 in. 1034, 
 
154 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Two QuADEANGULAE Sadcebs, witli deeply indented edges. 
 Japanese porcelain, painted in colours j in the centre a coiled 
 dragon. Diam. 3| in. • 1035. 
 
 JtTG. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; two panel.i, in 
 each of which are a gentleman with an umbrella and a lady 
 with a fan ; between them, and on the neck, conventional floral 
 ornaments. H. 8 in. 1036. 
 
 Flat Bowl and Cover, on three feet. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with plants growing out of rocks ; on the 
 cover a large red chrysanthemum, the knob formed" of a leaf 
 and flower. Diam. 6^ in. 1037. 
 
 Octagonal Cup, with flattened edge. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with touches of gilding ; inside, on the edge, a leafy 
 border; outside, alternately, three symbolical trees, the pine 
 tree, bamboo, and prunus. Mark, Fuku, " Happiness." Diam. 
 4 in. [PI. XI. 135.] 1038. 
 
 Teay. Japanese porcelain. Scrolls in low relief and ornaments 
 in colours, consisting of three medallions with plants irregularly 
 placed, and three representations of the Paulownia imperialis, 
 the badge of the Mikado's family ; outside, a blue scroll. Mark, 
 in the seal character, Fuku, " Happiness." L. 5^ in. [Com- 
 pare PI. XV. 192.] 1039. 
 
 Quateefoil- SHAPED Canistee. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; on the long sides the armorial badge 
 of the Prince of Kaga, a cinquefoil in gold on a red ground; 
 on the two other sides iris plants growing out of the edges of 
 the panels ; on the shoulders eight butterflies on a red diaper. 
 H. 4^ in., L. 4^ in. 1040. 
 
 FoTJE-siDED Bottle. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; on two sides gi'owing prunus trees ; on the 
 other two a very formal plant ; scroll work in red on the neck. 
 H. 8| in. 1041. 
 
 SQtJAEB Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding, and with flowers in relief on two 
 of the sides ; one of these represents a peony, the other a 
 prunus ; on the other two sides are flowers and lions ; on the 
 shoulder diapers in various colours. H. 11^ in. 1042. 
 
 Sqtjaeb Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; on each side, a panel ; two with long 
 tailed birds on red ground ; the other two with flowers growing 
 out of vases on a green ground sprinkled with black ; on the 
 shoulder four small panels with seal characters in gold on a 
 green gi'ound speckled with black, the names of the three 
 favourite trees, fir, prunus, and bamboo, the latter twice repeated ; 
 the spaces between the panels filled in witli diaper. H. 7 in. 
 
 1043. 
 
, SECTION D. PAINTED IN COLOURS. 153 
 
 Square Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; on each side a diagonal band enclosing 
 flowering plants ; the remaining spaces filled with striped bands 
 in red or green ; on the shoulders irregular panels with formal 
 flowers. H. 8 in. 1044. 
 
 SQtriEE Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; on two sides a panel enclosing an iris 
 within a red border; on the other two irregularly shaped 
 panels enclosing flowering plants and portions of a large diaper ; 
 on the shoulder a blue border with four green panels enclosing 
 a gilt flower. H. 8 in. 1045. 
 
 Saki Kettle, with arched handle. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; figures of women and children. 
 H. 6A in. 1046. 
 
 Two Bowls, fluted in 16 divisions with scalloped edges. 
 Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; inside, in 
 the centre, the Kiku-mon of the Mikado ; around are chrysan- 
 themums irregularly placed ; on the outside, the flutes are orna- 
 mented with a plant in gold on a white ground alternating with a 
 design in gold on a blue ground, or a lozenge diaper in blue an4 
 white. One spur mark. On the bottom a chrysanthemum in 
 gold on a red ground. H. 7^ in. , 1047. 
 
 Two Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours; inside, 
 blue diapered border and a branch of the peach tree ; outside, 
 four flowering plants. Mark of the Chinese period Kea-tsing, 
 1522-1567. (3.3.) [PI. I. 10.] 1048. 
 
 Two Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; 
 inside a flower and a narrow red border; outside two flowering 
 plants. Marks, on one the pearl symbol [PL XIII. 163], and 
 on the other a fungus [PI. VIII. 99], and on both, engraved in 
 the paste, N=94 and a cross, being the number of the Dresden 
 Collection. Diam. 3^ in. ' 1049. 
 
 Bowl and Cover, with fan-shaped handles. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding ; growing plants of the chry- 
 santhemum, &c. Some of the flowers in relief. On the cover 
 a lion. H. 7^ in. 1050. 
 
 Two Small Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; inside, a band in blue, with three red flowers ; 
 outside, two formal flowers in blue, on a green ground with 
 black dots and touches of gilding. The spaces between are filled 
 with shaded lozenges formed of red lines, and having in the 
 centre a man with a sceptre, and a boy outlined in red, with 
 gilt details. Mark in blue, an indistinct seal character, and 
 engraved in the paste N=196 with a cross, being the number of 
 the Dresden Collection. Diam. 3| in. 1051. 
 
 Tali, Cup, with two fan-shaped handles. Japanese porcelain, 
 painted in colours with gilding ; blue ground, with different 
 shaped panels overlapping each other, and enclosing flowers. 
 H.3iin.,diam.. 3 in. 1052. 
 
156 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCBLAIK. 
 
 Two CovisRED Bowls. Japanese porcelain ; inside medallions, 
 with landscapes and branches of flowers painted in blue with 
 touches of red and gilding ; outside, on each portion, the god of 
 Longevity and the Pa-sien in colours, with gilding, on a deep red 
 ground. Mark, Cho-mei fu-ki, " Long life and prosperity." 
 biam. ^ in. [PI. VI. 74.] 1053. 
 
 Deep Octagonal Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue 
 and red, with gilding ; in the centre, five phoenixes coiled 
 into circles ; the sides have circles of pierced work surrounded 
 both inside and out by a dark blue ground, on which are 
 phoenixes and plants in gold. Five spur marks. Diam. 12 in. 
 
 1054. 
 
 Octagonal Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; in the centre five blue phcenixes coiled, and four devices 
 with flames ; round this a narrow border in blue ; each compart- 
 ment on the sides pierced with circles of scale work, surrounded 
 both inside and out with dark blue, on which are green clouds. 
 Five spur marks. Diam. 8f in. 1055. 
 
 Tall Cup and Saucee. ^ Japanese porcelain, painted in blue 
 
 ' and red, with gilding ; on each a broad band of blue, from which 
 
 spring trees and branches of pruuus. One spur mark. Diam. 
 
 3 in., 5\ in. 1056. 
 
 Ccp AND Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and red, 
 with gilding ; four panels, with flowers, the spaces between them 
 blue. No mark, but engraved in the paste N=50 and a cross, 
 being the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 2\ in., 
 41 in. 1057. 
 
 Cup and Sauceb. Japanese porcelain, painted in red and blue, 
 with gilding ; on each four compartments with flowers. No 
 mark, but engraved in the paste N = 57 and a cross, being 
 the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 2i in., 4J in. 
 
 1058. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, touched 
 with gilding. Sides moulded in gadroons, each of which has a 
 landscape and a flowering plant. Mark, an indistinct seal cha- 
 racter, and engraved in the paste N = 160 and a cross, being 
 the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. 
 
 1059. 
 
 Two CovEEKD Cups and Sauoees. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in blue and red, with gilding. On each, two double headed 
 eagles, between branches of growing flowers. No mark, but 
 engraved in the paste N=97 with a cross, being the number of 
 the Dresden Collection. H. 3^ in., diam. 2^ in,, 4^ in. 1060. 
 
 Cup and Coveb. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, Avith 
 gilding ; three medallions with plants, and a bi'own ground, 
 with gilt scroll work. No mark, but engraved in the paste 
 N = 32 and a cross, being the number of the Dresden Col- 
 lection. H. 3| in. 1061. 
 
SECTION ». — PAINTED IN COLOUKS.' 157 
 
 Dish, in the form of a haliotis shell, or Venus' ear. Japanese 
 porcelain, painted in colovirs, with gilding ; shells, and sea 
 weed ; on the rim, floral scrolls on a green ground ; the 
 under part made to imitate the natural shell, with attached 
 limpets, &c. Imari ware. L. 8f in. 1062. 
 
 Tea Box and Cover. Japanese porcelain ; ornamented with 
 small circles of blue and white, on a red ground. Imari 
 ware, made in the province- of Hizen. With its original silk 
 bag. H. 2^ in. 1063. 
 
 Fi&URE OF KuwAN-ON, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin, standing 
 on a rock. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. The face 
 left in biscuit ; the dress ornamented with running floral pat- 
 terns in colours with gilding. She holds in her hands a 
 basket containing a fish. Kifito ware. H. 8 in. 1064. 
 
 FiGDKE of a child seated on a board for the game of Go. Ja- 
 panese porcelain, painted in colours; it holds a ball in one 
 hand, and is playing with its toes with the other. H. 10 in. 
 
 1065. 
 
 Inoense Buknee, in the form of a figure of Hotei, the god of 
 Contentment, seated on his bag, the neck of which he holds in 
 his left hand. Japanese porcelain ; the dress is coarsely painted 
 with clouds in red and blue ; the smoke issues through- the 
 mouth and ears. H. 8| in. 1066. 
 
 Group, representing Sho-ki, the strong man, with a demon or 
 oni under his foot. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. 
 At the back is an inscription engraved under the glaze, signify- 
 ing " Made by Shin-bei at the age of 65." H. 7^ in. 1067. 
 
 Incense Buenee, in the form of a vase, supported by three 
 children. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, with touches of 
 red and gilding, and ornamented with symbols. Imai'i- ware. 
 H. 3 in. 1068. 
 
 Two-handled Cdp. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, with 
 a few touches of red ; the cup is of an oval form, with a 
 rounded base, and seems to have been copied from a cup of 
 rhinoceros horn ; the handles are formed of branches of peach 
 tree ; the decoration consists of two phcenixes and other birds 
 above a pool, with water plants and ducks ; inside, are painted 
 a number of minute red fishes. H. 3 in., diam. 4J in. 1069. 
 
 Saucee Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the 
 centre, a pale green medallion, with a brown dragon. Around, 
 phcenixes and scrolls of flowers, on a drab coloured gi'ound. 
 Mark of the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (2.2). One 
 spur mark. Diam. 8^ in. [PI. I. 12.] 1070. 
 
 Cylindrical Jar, made to imitate a section of bamboo. Japa- 
 nese porcelain, painted in colours ; eight figures of grotesque 
 design, including one of the god of Longevity ; inside a band 
 with an inscription in blue, probably poetry, in lines of five words 
 
1.58 PIjASS VII. — JAPANESK PORCELAIN. 
 
 each. Mark, Go-ro-da-yu go Shon-sui sei. "Made by the 
 honourable Gorodayu Shonsui." Black lacquer cover. H. 6 in. 
 
 1071. 
 The figures on this jar seem to he caricatures of the Pa-sien, or eight 
 immortals of the Chinese. They are very grotesque, and in strange 
 costumes. 
 Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding; 
 a landscape, with two men in strange costumes carrying a gold 
 sceptre and a golden box. Mark, Go-ro-da-yu go Shon- 
 sui tsukiiru. " Made by the honourable Gorodayu Shonsui." 
 H. 21 in. [PI. XIV. 183.] 1072. 
 
 Flat Box, of irregular shape. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours, with gilding ; the top in compartments, with landscapes 
 and diapers ; the edges ornamented with a Greek fret. Mark 
 inside cover, Nan-ki Otoko-yama sei. " Made at Otokoyama in 
 Southern Kii," being the second column of PI. X. 115. Im- 
 pressed mark on bottom indistinct, apparently like the other, 
 but in the seal character. Kishiu ware. L. 3 in. 1073. 
 
 Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside running 
 scrolls of leaves and fruit on a speckled brown ground ; outside, 
 a large scroll in bright colours. Mark, Nan-ki Otoko-yama. 
 " Otokoyama in Southern Kii," Kishiu ware. Diam. 8 in. 
 
 t. 1074. 
 
 Basin, with spout. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue under 
 the glaze, and with green and red. Outside a running scroll, 
 with red circles and flowers ; inside, three medallions contain- 
 ing flowers, between which red circles on a diapered ground. 
 In the centre is inscribed Kin giyoku man do. " The hall full 
 of gold and precious stones." Diam. 4| in. 1075. 
 
 QuATRiSFOiL Bowl, on foot. Coarse Japanese porcelain, with 
 thick white glaze, roughly painted in red and green, with gilding ; 
 inside, a flower with insects ; outside, four peaches on diapered 
 ground. Mark, stamped, Ka-hin Shi-riu, the name of the fabric. 
 Diam. 5^ in. [PI. XV. 191.] 1076. 
 
 CiRCULAE Box. Japanese porcelain; on the cover two circles in 
 blue under the glaze ; the rest of the surface decorated in gold 
 on a red ground ; two five-clawed dragons above the waves of 
 the sea. Mark, stamped, Ka-hin Shi-riu, the name of the fabric. 
 Diam. 21 in. [PI. XV. 191.] 1077. 
 
 Box AND CovEK, in the form of the fruit of the Pyrus japonica, of 
 which the stem and flower form the knob. Japanese porcelain," 
 mottled in brown and white, with blue on the stalk. Diam. 
 4^ in. 1078. 
 
 Box AND CovEB, in the form of a pomegranate, of which a branch 
 forms the handle. Thick Japanese porcelain, painted in faint 
 colours with gilding ; on the sides various insects. Mark, inside 
 the lid painted in blue, and on the foot, engraved in the seal 
 character, Ki tei, " Tortoise hall," the name of a firm. The 
 mark in the seal character reads the same as the stamp [PI. XV. 
 204.] but is larger. H. 5 in., diam. 6 in. 1079. 
 
SECTION D.~PAINTED IN COLOURS. 169 
 
 Dish, moulded in the form of an open flower of the Hibiscus 
 (Eosa Sinensis). Japanese porcelain. The central petals coloured 
 pink, and the edges gilt. Mark, stamped, in the seal character, 
 very large, Ki tei. " Tortoise hall." Diam. IQi in. 1079a. 
 
 Box, in theform of a chestnut. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours, with gilding. The nut is brown with various diapers 
 and borders; on the cover a white mouse. Kioto ware. L. 4J in. 
 
 1080. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain ; inside, a medallion, with a kylin 
 painted in blue; around itphoEnixes and clouds in gold on a red 
 ground ; outside three medallions containing the characters 
 Man zai ya, " House of 10,000 years," with scroll work between 
 them, also in gold on a red ground. Mark, Kin rohu dai shiy6 
 sen yo, " For common use at the great sacrifice of the Golden 
 Charm." 1081. 
 
 Bo>VL. Japanese porcelain, painted in red and green, with 
 gilding ; inside the word Takai, " Honourable ;" outside a scene 
 with a man seated in a house, another driving a buifalo, and a 
 domestic group. Mark, Dai Nippon Vei-raku tsukuru. " Made 
 by Yeiraku of Great Japan." Kidto ware. Diam. 5| in. 
 [PL X. 118.] 1082. 
 
 Paik of Quadkakgular Canisters, with covers. Japanese por- 
 celain, painted in dark brown, and ornamented with diapers in 
 gold and silver, imitating inlaid metal. Mark stamped, Vei-raku. 
 Made at Kioto. H. 4i in. [PI. XVI. 225.] 1083. 
 
 Cup, with handle. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 flowers arranged in circles ; borders of dark brown, with patterns 
 in gold to imitate inlaid metal. Mark, Dai Nippon Vei-raku sei. 
 " Made by Yeiraku, of Great Japan." Ki6to ware. H. 3J in. 
 [PI. X. 118.] 1084. 
 
 Ctlin^deical Box, in three stages. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in dark brown, and ornamented with designs in gold and silver 
 imitating inlaid metal. On the cover three storks among clouds; 
 on the side a running pattern of vine. Kioto ware. H. 3^ in., 
 diam. 3 in. 1085. 
 
 Two Teapots. Japanese porcelain. On the sides three medal- 
 lions with coiled di'agons in blue ; the rest of the surface deco- 
 rated with floral scrolls on a red ground. Under the handles is 
 inscribed, Dai Nippon Vei-raku tsukuru. " Made by Yeiraku 
 of Great Japan." Kioto ware. H. 2f in. [PI. X, 118.] 
 
 1086. 
 
 Teapot. Japanese porcelain, covered with a turquoise glaze, on 
 which are pink peonies, with blue leaves on a black ground. 
 L. 4iin. 1087. 
 
 Diminutive Teapot (^Kibisho). Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 red with gilding ; overlapping circles in various patterns, in one 
 
 A 167, M 
 
160 OLASa VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 of which are four figures. Mark in red, Ko-to in a square, and 
 at the side Mei-ho. This signifies made by Meiho of the East 
 side of- the Lake [of Biwa]. H. 21 in. [PI. XIV. 182.] 
 
 1088. 
 
 Cylindrical Vessel for brushes. Japanese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with gilding. An Argus pheasant on rocks with 
 flowers ; above a red border ; on the ground is inscribed Ko-to. 
 Ji-nen-an ji, "East side of the Lake [of Biwa]. Vessel [made 
 by] Ji-nen-an." H. T) in., diam. 5^ in. 1089. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding 
 inside, a basket of flowers and insects ; outside, a band of 
 numerous figures on a gold gi'ound, said to be the disciples of 
 Confucius. Mark in red, Ogata Sliiu-hei, the maker's name. 
 Kioto ware. Diam. 4| in. 1090. 
 
 Shallow Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with 
 gilding ; inside, insects ; outside, a band of numerous figures on 
 a gold ground, said lo be the disciples of Confucius ; below, a 
 narrow border with fishes in red. Mark in red, Ogata Shiu- 
 Aei, the maker's name. Kioto ware. Diam. 4| in. 1091. 
 
 Plate. Coarse Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. In the 
 centre a branch of pomegranate ; border of a diaper splashed 
 with green and yellow, interrupted by four medallions enclosing 
 a key pattern in red and white. Mark, in the seal character, 
 in black on a green enamelled ground, Fuku, " Happiness." 
 Kaga ware. Diam. 8 in. [Compare PI. XV. 192.] 1092. 
 
 Tray. Coarse Japanese porcelain enamelled in colours ; in the 
 centre a landscape with a bridge ; border of scroU work diifer- 
 ing at each end ; outside green, with four feathers in outline. 
 Mark, in the seal character in black on a green ground; Fuku, 
 " Happiness." Kutani ware, province of Kaga. L. 7J in. 
 [PI. XV. 192.] 1093. 
 
 Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the outside 
 large leaves and fruit, on a yellow ground spotted with black. 
 Mark in black on a green panel, Kutani, Old Kaga ware. 
 H. 2f in., diam. 3 in. [Compare PI. XL 138.] 1094. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Japanese ware, enamelled in colours with gilding ; 
 a landscape in a cinquefoil jJanel, with court personages picking 
 iris flowers by the side of Avater ; spandrils filled with diaper ; 
 on the back a formal scroll. Mark, very large, painted green, 
 Fuku, " Happiness." Kutani ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 
 lljin. [Compare PI. XV. 192.] 1095.. 
 
 Box AND Cover, of cinquefoil form. Japanese porcelain, painte(? 
 in colours, yellow top with blue edge and green sides. Mark, 
 in black on a green ground, Fuku, " Happiness. Old Kaga ware. 
 H. If in., diam. 2| in. [Compare PI. XV. 192.] 1096. 
 
SECTION D.— PAINTED IN COLOURS. 161 
 
 Box, in the form of a duck, with its head restijig on its back. 
 Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. Mark inside the lid, in 
 black on a yellow panel, Fiihu, "Happiness." Old Kaga 
 ware. L. 3 in. [Compare PL XV. 192.] 1097. 
 
 Travelling Food Vessel, consisting of two circular trays and 
 a saki bottle, fitting one above the other. Coarse Japanese 
 porcelain painted in colours ; circles enclosing devices or armorial 
 badges on bands of i-ed diaper. Kutani ware, province of Kaga. 
 H. 11 in. 1098. 
 
 Cup AND Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding, chiefly red, green, and lilac. In the centre of each a 
 flower ; at the sides three similar flowering trees with pendant 
 branches. Mark, a rose outlined in red, and engraved in the 
 paste N = 93 with an arrow, the number of the Dresden Col- 
 lection. Diam. 3 in., 4| in. 1099. 
 
 Two Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in red and green with 
 black outlines ; inside a flower, outside four red fishes ; above a 
 wave pattern. Mark in red, Do-suke chin gtian, " The precious 
 possession of Dosuke." Diam. 3^in. 1100. 
 
 Deep Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in red with gilding ; 
 inside, parallel bands and an heraldic badge of two storks with 
 their wings extended, four times repeated ; outside, circles and 
 lozenges on a scroll ground, with borders above and below. 
 Mark, an indistinct seal. Kutani ware. H. 4-i- in. ; diam. 8 in. 
 
 1101. 
 
 Two OctagoxVal Plates. Japanese porcelain, painted in red, 
 with gilding. In the centre a panel with a man riding on a lion ; 
 around and at the back various borders and diapers. Mark in 
 red, Kutani. Diam. 4 in. [Compare PI. XI. 138.] 1102. 
 
 Five-sided Dish, with the angles curled inwards. Japanese por- 
 celain, painted in red with gilding; mythological figures of 
 seven sages of the Tsin dynasty surrounded by clouds ; on the 
 outside five children with various attributes. Mark in red, 
 Kutani. Kutani ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 7 in. [Com- 
 pare PI. XI. 138.] 1103. 
 
 CiEOULAE Box AND CovEE. Japanese porcelain, painted in 
 colours, with gilding ; outside, in the centre of lid, a man with 
 an umbrella standing by a river watching a frog attempting 
 to reach the hough of a weeping willow. This illustrates the 
 Japanese legend of Ono no Tof u. Around it a scroll border, 
 and below a band of red with a gilt scroll, interrupted by two 
 medallions containing flowers, and two panels of diaper work. 
 Inside two medallions \Vith flowers. Mark in red, Kutani. 
 Diam. 5 in. [Compare PI. XL 138.] 1104. 
 
 Ono no Tofu being unsuccessful in life, while meditating over his mis- 
 fortunes, saw a green frog jumping up to the end of the bough of a 
 willow, which it at length reached. This made him determined to 
 make fresh efforts, which were crowned with success. He was 
 afterwards worshipped as a saint at Sugisaka, province of Yamashiro. 
 
 M 2 
 
162 ULA.SS VII. — 'JAPANESE POllCBLAIN. 
 
 CiKCULAB Box. White glazed Japanese ware, painted in red, 
 with gilding. On the cover Hotel with two boys; inside a 
 phoenixj a dragon, and borders of tassels. Mark in red, Kutani, 
 and in gold on a red paijel, Fuku, " Happiness." Diam. 6 J in. 
 [Compare PI. XI. 138; XV. 192.] 1105. 
 
 Covered Basin. Grey Japanese ware, painted in dull colours, 
 with gilding ; formal scroll work in green and blue, on a dull 
 red ground. Mark in red, Dai Nippon Kaga Kutani. Kutani 
 ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 5 in. llOti. 
 
 Bowl. YeUow glazed Japanese ware, painted in red and black, 
 with gilding ; inside, in the centre, a medallion enclosing an 
 heraldic badge, a stork with expanded wings which meet above 
 its head ; the rest of the inside covered with a network partly 
 black, partly red ; at one side a phoenix among clouds ; on the 
 outside two long panels, one of them with four men reading, 
 the other with a dragon among clouds. Mark in black on a red 
 panel, Kutani, Diam. 8^ in. [Compare PI. XI. 138.] 1 107. 
 
 Dish. Yellow glazed Japanese ware, painted in brown and red, with 
 gilding ; in the centre a peacock on rock with flowers ; border 
 of red and gold diaper ; on the outside panels of diaper on a 
 red and gold ground and running scroll. Mark in red, Dai 
 Nippon Kutani Ka-clw-kin sei. "Made by Kachokin of 
 Kutani, in Great Japan." Diam. 14 in. 1108. 
 
 Saki Bottle, with small neck. Japanese pottery, painted, in two 
 compartments, with flowers in red and green, the intervening 
 spaces being lattice work in red, above which borders in red. 
 Probably old Kutani ware. H. 9 in. 1 109.' 
 
 Bowl, with overhanging and indented edge. Grey Japanese 
 pottery, enamelled in colours, with gilding. Inside, a bird on a 
 weeping willow, of which the lower part of the trunk extends 
 over the outside ; on one side a large splash of green. Mark 
 stamped, illegible, and painted in red, Kutani, Diam. 6^ in. 
 
 mo. 
 
 Small Screen, in the form of a moon rising through the branches 
 of a prunus tree. Jipanese porcelain. The trunk of the tree 
 forms the stand, the disc of the moon the screen, across which 
 ducks are flying,while the branches are in low relief and coloured 
 pink and white. Mark, faintly impressed, Ko-tei (Lake-house), 
 the maker's name. H. 6| in. 1111. 
 
 Oblong Stand,' containiug a small pot. Grey Japanese stone- 
 ware. The upper part is covered with a deep green glaze with 
 the border in red, the sides pierced, and edges gilt. Mai-k in 
 red, Mi-kuni, name of a place in the province of Yechizen 
 Size, ^ in. by 2^ in. [PI. XTV. 187.] 1112. 
 
 Two Saki Cups. Japanese eggshell porcelain. The inside with 
 birds and sprigs enamelled in blue with gilding ; tSe outside 
 
aJaOTION C — i-AINTED IN COLOUil.S. 163 
 
 with plants and inscriptions painted in bine under the glaze. 
 Mark, To-giyolm yen Go-suite sei. ^' Made by Gosuke at the 
 Togiyoku house." Diam. 2^ in. [Pi. XIV. 178.] 1113. 
 
 Set of Five Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding, with figures of a 
 theatrical character. Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. 4^ in. 
 to 24 in. 1114, 
 
 Set of Thiiee Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell 
 porcelain, pencilled in black, with raised white and gilt grounds, 
 a fir tree, &c., turtles, and storks. On each the signature of the 
 painter, Shun-zan. Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. 3f in. 
 to 2^ in. 1115. 
 
 Set of Three Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell 
 porcelain, painted in faint colours, with gilding. Landscapes 
 with panels above, inscribed with the names of views near Tokio 
 and the artist's name, Getsu-ho. Sheba ware, made at Tokio. 
 Diam. 3i in. to 21 in. 1116. 
 
 Set of Three Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell 
 porcelain, enamelled in blue with gilding, with various scenes 
 from the No, or ceremonial dances ; on each the signature of 
 the artist in red. Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. 3J in. to 
 2|in. 1117. 
 
 Set of Three Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding. Busts of Japanese 
 ladies. On each the signature of the artist, Sho-getsu ro-jin, 
 " The old man Shogetsu," and a seal signifying " Sefenty-twe 
 years old." Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. 3 J in. to 2|- in. 
 
 1118. 
 
 CLASS VIIL— JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Low Vase, with rounded base. Thin Japanese pottery, of a dull 
 black, turned on the lathe ; in one plfice a hole has been filled 
 with melted brass ; the former owner^lias written his name in 
 red lacquer. Giyoki ware. 8th century. H. 3| in.; diam. 
 6jin. 1119. 
 
 Giyoki was a bonze of the temple of Sugawaraji, province of Izumi, 
 and belonged to the Takashi family, descended from a King of 
 Kandara. He was born A.D. 674, and died in 749. To him is 
 attributed the invention of the potter's wheel. Another specimen is 
 in the South Kensington Museum, No. 76,161. 
 
 Figure of Kuwan-on, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin, seated 
 on a lotus. Japanese pottery coloured brown ; on the back 
 are inscribed Buddhist sentehces, and on the pedestal Kei- 
 an ni-nen shogatsii nijiu hachi nichi Asho keihaku ki sin Nin. 
 
164 CLASS Vlil. — JAPANESE POTTEKt. 
 
 wa-zi, " Presented by Asho on the 28th January, 2nd year of 
 Kei-an, to the temple of Ninwazi." The second year of Kei-an 
 isA.D. 1649. H. 4iin. 1120. 
 
 The Buddhist temple of Ninwazi was built by the Mikado K6k6 Tenno 
 in the 9th century, and is one of the handsomest buildings on the 
 west side of Ki6to. 
 
 Figure of Buddha seatbd on a lion, and holding in his hands a 
 book. Japanese pottery, covered with a brown glaze ; at the 
 back of the figure is inscribed Ben-ski, the maker's name. 
 H. S^in. 1121. 
 
 FiGUBB OF Daikoku, the god of Riches. Japanese pottery ; he is 
 resting his mining hammer on a bale of rice, near which are two 
 mice ; in his left hand he holds the mouth of his bag, wliich is 
 over his shoulder, and has on it a tablet inscribed, Ben-shi Vii- 
 toku-sai, the maker's name. H. 5^ in. 1122. 
 
 Figure of Daikoku, the god of Riches. Japanese pottery covered 
 with a brown glaze. He is seated and holds in one hand a 
 money bag, in the other the mining hammer. On his back are 
 two tablets inscribed, Kawa-ze Ben-shi, the maker's name. 
 H. 5fin. 1123. 
 
 Figure of Shin-no, the god of Medicine. - Japanese stoneware, 
 partially glazed. He is seated on a rock and holds in his mouth 
 the leaf of a tree, the trunk of which is in his hand. Bands of 
 leaves round his neck and waist. H. 9 in. 1124. 
 
 Figure oy Hotei, the god of Contentment. Brown glazed 
 Japanese stoneware. He is represented as a fat man, standing, 
 with his dress open to his waist, and laughing ; in his right 
 hand he holds up a fan. Stamped mark in the seal character, 
 indistinct. Bizen ware. H. 8| in. 1125. 
 
 Figure of Daikoku, the god of Riches. Brown glazed Japanese 
 stoneware. He is represented seated on the ground, restin" 
 his hands on a mining hammer, which is supported on a bale of 
 rice. Bizen ware. H. 7f in. 1126. 
 
 Figure of Dabuma, seated. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware. 
 He holds in his hand a fly flap. Bizen ware. H. 8:|- in. 1127. 
 
 Group of Hotei and Daikoku. Japanese stoneware, covered 
 with a brown glaze. In the centre, a rice bale, on which is a 
 dish containing a flsh ; on one side, Hotei seated on the gromid, 
 and resting his arm upon his bag; on the other, Daikoku 
 standing, and holding a bottle. Mark, stamped, K'lva-bo, the 
 maker's name. H. 6 in. [PI. XV. 194.]. 1128. 
 
 Figure of Kwangu. Brown Japanese stoneware. He is 
 standing, and has held in his right hand a sword, now lost ; his 
 
CLASS VIII.— JAPANESE POTTERY. 165 
 
 left hand in his belt. Mark incised, Glw, part of the maker's 
 name. Bizeu ware. H. 14^ in. 1129. 
 
 This is the celebrated Chinese warrior Kwan Yu, who died in the time 
 of the Three Kingdoms, in A.D. 219. He was canonized in the 
 12th century, and raised by the Emperor Wan-leih to be the god of 
 War in 1594, since which he is called in China Kwan Ti. 
 
 Incense Buknek, in the form of Hotei, god of Coatentment, 
 Japanese stoneware, covered with dark brown glaze. Bizen 
 ware. H. 3i in. 1130. 
 
 Incense Buhner, in the form of a group of two fantastic lions 
 fighting. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware. Mark incised, 
 ^io-cAi^a, a maker's name. Bizen ware. H. 7J in. 1131. 
 
 Bottle, with narrow neck. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware, 
 with spots of a lighter colour in low relief. Bizen ware. Said 
 to be a close imitation of Corean ware. H. 8;|^ in. 1132. 
 
 Wall Vase for flowers, in the form of an insect, the cicada, 
 resting on a branch of the pine. Brown glazed Japanese stone- 
 ware. Bizen ware. H. 5^ in. 1133. 
 
 Wall Vase for flowers, in the form of a basket. Dark brown 
 Japanese stoneware imitating rusty iron ; interlacing bands 
 in slight relief like bamboo work. Probably Bizen ware. 
 H. 6 in. 1134. 
 
 Two Plates. Fine brown Japanese stoneware, with ornaments 
 in low relief, viz., a child with Hotel's bag, and a formal border. 
 Bizen ware, modern. Diam. 3^- in. 1135. 
 
 Incense Btjbnek, in the form of a box resting on a hod of basket 
 work. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware. Bizen ware. 
 H. 6lin. 1136. 
 
 Fan-shaped Bottle. Red Japanese stoneware, with streaks to 
 imitate marble ; on the two fiaces are panels with chrysanthe- 
 mums among clouds, moulded in low relief. Bizen ware. 
 H. 4| in., L. 6 in. 1137. 
 
 Bottle of rude form, with broad base. Bark brown Japanese 
 stoneware, slightly glazed. With its original silk bag. Imbe 
 ware, made in the province of Bizen. H. 9f in. 1138. 
 
 Probably a very ancient specimen. 
 
 GouBD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Red Japanese stoneware, with, a dull 
 glaze, stamped with small scrolls. 'Bizen ware. H. 6 in. 
 
 1139. 
 
 Circular Stand, on a high massive foot. Rude Japanese pottery, 
 covered with a brown glaze. Said to be Tokonabe ware. 
 H. 2f in., diam. 4| in. 1140. 
 
 GouKD-SHAPBD Bottle, in two stages. Grey Japanese stone- 
 ware, covered with a thin slate-coloured glaze. H. 4^ in. 
 
 1141. 
 
166 OLASS VIII.— JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 GouKD-SHAPBD BoTTLB. Japanese stoneware, of coarse make, 
 brownish glaze, with roughness or scoriae, among which may be 
 distinguished incised characters, 0-gon, " Yellow gold," and 
 some verses. H. 8 in. 1142, 
 
 Flowek Tube. Japanese stoneware, with a light brown glaze. 
 It spreads out slightly at the base and has incised inscriptions, 
 in Japanese verses on a flower boat, " written by the old man 
 Han-sen." Mark, in a hexagon, Sei, the maker's name. 
 H. 8i in. 1143. 
 
 Jae, with five small loops as handles. Coarse Japanese pottery, 
 partially covered with a brown glaze. Mito ware. H. 5 in. 
 
 1144. 
 
 Flowek A^'ase. Coarse Japanese pottery, partially covered with a 
 pale grey glaze ; round the neck are stems in relief, terminating 
 in leaves ; the handles are formed of two flowers coloured red 
 and green. Mito ware. H. 7^ in. 1 145. 
 
 Vase, imitating a fish basket. Brown Japanese stoneware. An 
 extraordinary specimen of manufacture, as the bands imitating 
 wicker appear to have been separately applied, and may be seen 
 to cross each other. H. 7 in., W. 6f in. 1146. 
 
 Barrel-shaped Pot and Openwork Cover. Japanese stone- 
 ware, of a light buff colour, with formal leaves incised and filled 
 in with white and black. The cover imitates plaited bamboo. 
 Perhaps Karatzu ware. H. 6 in. 1147. 
 
 Jar. Coarse Japanese pottery, unevenly made and partially 
 glazed buff and grey. Mark incised, Shigarahi U-he, " Uhe 
 of Shigaraki." H. 3f in. 1148. 
 
 Flovter Vase. Japanese pottery. It has a wide lozenge-shaped 
 mouth, and is covered with a light brown glaze with streaks of 
 darker colours. On the bottom is inscribed in red lacquer, 
 I-pen-sai, probably an owner's name. Shigaraki ware. H. 9J in. 
 
 1149. 
 
 Sqttat Incense Vase. Japanese pottery, covered with an ii're- 
 gular brown glaze. Ivory cover and silk bag. Said to be 
 Shigaraki ware. H. 2\ in. 1150. 
 
 Incense Vase. Coarse Japanese stoneware, roughly made and 
 covered with a thin brownish glaze. Mark stamped indistinct. 
 Ivory cover. Shigaraki wai'e. H. 3 in. 1151. 
 
 Tripod Vase. Japanese stoneware, covered with a green glaze, 
 crackled ; the feet are in the form of boys supporting the bowl 
 with their hands. Shigaraki ware. H. If in. 1152. 
 
 Gourd -SHAPED Bottle. Japanese stonefvare, with a rough 
 surface, partially glazed, somewhat imitating fish akin. Shigaraki 
 ware. H. 5i in. 1153. 
 
 Small Tray. Grey Japanese stoneware, covered with small 
 lumps of glaze to imitate shark shin, whence it is called Same- 
 y«ki. Diam. 3 in. 1154. 
 
CLASS VIII. — JAPANKSE , POTTERY. 167 
 
 Gourd-shaped Bottle. Brown Japanese stoneware, of which 
 the surface is covered with small drops of glaze so as to imitate 
 shark's skin. Called by the Japanese Same-yaki, meaning 
 shark's skin ware. H. 4| in. 1155. 
 
 Vase. Japanese stoneware, covered with a smooth brown glaze 
 on the upper portion ; the lower part unglazed. Takatori ware, 
 made at Sobara-mura, province of Ghikuzen. II. 2J in. 
 
 1156. 
 
 Incense Vase, with two small ears. Brown Japanese stoneware, 
 partially glazed, of a light brown, with a patch of darker 
 brown ; ivory cover and original silk bag. Takatori ware, 
 made at Sobara-mura, province of Chikuzen. H, 4 in. 1157. 
 
 Incense Vase, with two small ears. Yellow Japanese stoneware, 
 partially glazed of a full brown, with its original silk bag. 
 Takatori ware, made at Sobara-mura, province of Chikuzen. 
 H. 3i in. 1158. 
 
 GouED-SHAPED Vessel, with a large opening at the side for 
 burning incense before the Kamis. Grey glazed Japanese 
 stoneware. Takatori ware, made at Sobara-mura, province of 
 Chikuzen. H. 3i in. 1159, 
 
 Saucer Dish. Japanese stoneware with ornaments in relief, 
 covered with a streaky glaze, brown, black, and yellow, orna- 
 mented with a large ilower, from which issue scrolls. Takatori 
 ware. Diam. 7f in. 1160. 
 
 Bowl, of which the rim is curled inwards on two sides. Japanese 
 stoneware, coated inside with a green glaze, and outside brown. 
 Said to be Takatori ware. Mark stamped in Japanese, Ki, 
 part of the maker's name. Diam. 7^ in. [PI. XV. 195.] 
 
 1161. 
 
 Low Vase. Japanese stoneware, covered with a speckled metallic 
 glaze imitating copper, the foot left rough and solid. H. 2f in. ; 
 diam. 3i in. 1162. 
 
 1'ea Jar. Dark brown Japanese stoneware, glazed inside. The 
 body horizontally ribbed ; round the mouth six knobs. Ivory 
 cover. Said to be made by Hozan of Kioto. H. 2| in. 1163. 
 
 Circular Box. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware, with orna- 
 ments in low relief, chrysanthemums on a diapered ground. 
 Mark, a seal character, Sei, the maker's name. Diam. 6^ in. 
 [PI. XV. 196.] 1164. 
 
 Vase of a lozenge form. Coarse brown Japanese stoneware, with 
 portions of green crackle glaze round the mouth. Mark, two 
 long panels stamped in the seal character, I-ga Ju-shi sei sei. 
 "Carefully made by Jushi of Iga." Iga ware, made in that 
 province. H. 9 in. 1165. 
 
 The factory is near Shigaraki, in the neighhouring province of Omi, 
 and was established about the same time. 
 
168 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Tkijlngui.ar Watek Vessel. Light brown Japanisse stoneware, 
 partially covered with a dark brown glaze, over which is run a 
 thick olive green glaze. Tamba ware. Black lacquer cover. 
 H. 4lin.; L. 7 in. H65a. 
 
 This ware is made ia the province of Tamba, and resembles Corean. 
 The specimens made between 1520 and 1580 are called Ko-Tamba. 
 
 Shallow Bowl, on high foot, in which are three holes for sus- 
 pension. Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey crackle 
 glaze. Probably Hagi ware. H. 2| in.; diam. 6J in. 1166. 
 
 It is not known when the fabric at Hagi, proTince of Nagato, com- 
 menced. Tea bowls were, however, made there, 1504-1520. A 
 century later a, Corean named Rikei, or Korai Saiyemon, settled 
 there, and his descendants in the eighth generation still continue 
 the trade. 
 
 Drinking Cup. Brown Japanese stoneware covered with a grey 
 glaze^ crackled ; round the body are faintly indicated storks 
 with flowers between them, incised and filled in with white and 
 blue. Hagi ware, made at Hagi, province of Nagato. H. 2f iu., 
 diam. 2| in. 1167. 
 
 Incense Buknee, in the form of an artichoke, of which three of 
 the leaves arc bent down to form the feet. Japanese stoneware, 
 covered with a lavender glaze, crackled. Hagi ware, made at 
 Hagi, province of Nagato. H. 4 in. 1168. 
 
 Cup. Grey Japanese stoneware, covered with a thick glaze, 
 crackled ; the under part coloured brown. Hagi ware, made at 
 Hagi, province of Nagato. Diam. 3| in. 1 169. 
 
 Incense Burner, in the form of a tripod. Japanese grey glazed 
 stoneware, crackled, and with portions iu pale green. Hagi 
 ware, made at Hagi, province of Nagato. H. 2^ in., diam. 3f in. 
 
 1170. 
 
 Barrel-shaped Incense Vase. Eed Japanese stoneware, par- 
 tially coated with a dark brown glaze with a yellow streak. 
 Ivory cover, silk bag, and outer case of black lacquer. Zeze 
 ware. H. 3| iu. 1171. 
 
 This ware is made at the small town of Zeze, near the Lake of Omi. 
 About 1644 tea utensils were extensively made there. The glaze 
 is like that of Ko-Seto. 
 
 Gourd-shaped Incense Jar. Dark red Japanese stoneware, 
 partially covered with a brown glaze. Ivory cover, lacquer 
 case, and silk bag. Said to be Zeze ware, but the lid of the 
 case is inscribed iu gold, Ko-Se-to hio-tan, " Gourd of Ko- 
 Seto." It is therefore probably of Ko-Seto ware. H. 2^ in. 
 
 1172. 
 
 Ko-Seto is a name given to the pottery made by Kado Shirozayemon, 
 better known as Toshiro the First, who studied the manufacture in 
 China in the 13th century, and founded the pottery of Seto, province 
 of Owari. 
 
CLASS VIII.— JAPANESE POTTERY. 169 
 
 Vase, with wide mouth. Japanese atoncwaie, covei'ed with a pale 
 grey glaze, crackled, through which some indistinct designs in 
 blue appear ; at the bottom a fret border filled in with blue. 
 Genpin ware, made at Seto, province of Owari. H. of in. 
 
 1173. 
 
 This ware was made by a Corean named Gen-pin, -vTho settled at Seto 
 between 1592 and 1614. 
 
 Octagonal Bowl. Thick Japanese stoneware, covered with a 
 greenish grey glaze ; inside, in the centre, is impressed a seal 
 charactei', filled iu with blue ; outside, a dower in each panel, 
 executed in blue and white. Diam. 4f in. 1174. 
 
 J ATI. Japanese stoneware, with a grey glaze ; very irregular in 
 form, and probably a castaway found on the site of a kiln; sub- 
 sequently ornaments haAe been added in gold, representing 
 crabs, insects, &c. Old Seto ware, province of Owari. H. 
 6i in. 1175. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Orange coloured Japanese pottery, covered with a 
 yellow glaze. Ki-seto ware, made in the province of Owari. 
 H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in. 1176. 
 
 Long Necked Bottle. Japanese stoneware, covered with a 
 yellowish glaze, slightly crackled ; brown base. Ki-seto ware, 
 made in the province of Owari. H. 9J in. 1177. 
 
 Ki-seto, or Yellow Seto, so called for its colour, was first made about 
 1467-1486 by Haku-an. This specimen dates probably from 167o. 
 
 Goukd-shaped Bottle. Japanese stoneware, covered with a 
 bluish green glaze, crackled, and with minute white specks. Said 
 to be made at Seto, province of Owari. H. 7f in. 1178. 
 
 HBAvr Bowl. Japanese stoneware, covered inside with a grey 
 glaze, crackled, over which are radiating lines of large 
 brown spots ; on the outside storks and clouds impressed and 
 covered with a sea green glaze, crackled. Seto ware, possibly 
 made by Gen-pin. Diam. 6^ in. 1179. 
 
 CjTLTNDiaCAL Watek Jak AND CovER. Rough Japanese stone- 
 ware, partially covered with a pale grey glaze ,• two cmstaceans 
 form the handles. Mark stamped near the bottom, in seal 
 character, K'wan-riyo, the makei-'s name. H. 7| in., diam. S^in. 
 [PI. XV. 197.] 1180. 
 
 Saki Bottle, with a small lip. Buff coloured Japanese pottery, 
 covered with vertical streaks of thick white glaze (shiro yusiiri), 
 resembling the drippings of a candle. H. 6^ in. 1181. 
 
 Tea Bowl, with a small spout at one side, very rudely made. 
 Japanese stoneware, coated with an irregular grey glaze (shiro 
 gusuri), crackled ; on the side a very rudely painted flower ; 
 underneath are five deeply indented finger marks. Diam. 4| in. 
 
 1182. 
 
170 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POXTERT. 
 
 Dish, in the form of two halves of bivalve shells overlapping. 
 Japanese pottery, covered with a pale grey glaze (shiro gusuri), 
 which on the under part is irregularly distributed. Inside are 
 faint inscriptions relating to the view at Seta, Mark, stamped, 
 Se-ta, name of a place on the Lake of Biwa. W. 4| in. 1183. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Coarse Japanese glazed stoneware ; on the outside 
 is outlined in black the badge of the Tokugawa family. Diam. 
 Sin. 1184. 
 
 Basin. Grey glazed Japanese stoneware, with engraved designs, 
 filled in with white clay. Inside a chrysanthemum surrounded 
 by similar flowers ; and inside and out, borders of zigzag 
 pattern with hatched lines. Mishima ware. Diam. 5| in. 
 
 1185. 
 
 Sent from Japan as Corean, and Dr. Hoffmann [Jacquemart and Le 
 Slant, p. 315] mentions among Corean potteries the caps of Mi- 
 shima (the Tliree Islands), which are so called hecause they 
 resemhie at a distance the Mishima almanac. This almanac is 
 printed at a famous temple at Mishima on the Tokaido, the great 
 route to Yedo. The box containing this specimen has on it a 
 label simply describing it as a Mishima basin, and it is not certain 
 therefore -whether this is a Corean or a Japanese imitation. 
 
 Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, with engraved ornaments 
 within, filled in with white clay, and two nicks in the foot 
 rim. Mark impressed, Dohachi (?), maker's name. Probably 
 Yadsushiro ware. Diam. 6 in. ' 1186. 
 
 Saucer. Japanese stoneware, covered with a gray glaze, and 
 ornamented with formal impressed patterns filled in with white. 
 Mark, stamped in a hexagon Set, the maker's name. Said to be 
 Mishima ware. Diam. 4 in. 1187. 
 
 Bowl. Red Japanese stoneware, with a grey glaze, and white 
 ornaments, two circles, &c. Said to be Mishima ware. H. 2f in., 
 diam. 4J in. 1188. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey 
 glaze, on which are ornaments in white outline ; in the centre a, 
 dragon ; Greek fret border ; on the back a pattern of radiating 
 spot's. Diam. Q\ in. 1189. 
 
 Bowl. Red Japanese stoneware, with a brown glaze and 
 white ornaments, two circles, <fcc. Said to be Mishima ware, 
 made in Idsumo. H. 2| in., diam. 4^1^ in. 1190. 
 
 Saucbe Dish. Red Japanese stoneware, with a brown glaze and 
 white ornaments of circles and rays. Said to be Mishima ware, 
 made at Ki6to. Diam. 6 in. 1191. 
 
 Saki Bottle. Japanese stoneware, with bands of impressed 
 scallops, covered with a green glaze. Said to be Mishima ware. 
 H. S^in. 1192. 
 
CLASS VIII. JAPANESE POTTERY. 171 
 
 Five Cups. White glazed Japanese pottery, with engraved 
 designs, filled in with black ; inside, the seal character, Ju, 
 "Longevity ;" outside, various plants. Yadsushiro ware. Diam. 
 2\\a. 1193. 
 
 This factory was founded about 1632 at a village caUed Shimo- 
 Toyohara, near Yatsu-hashi, province of Higo, and was worked 
 after the Satsuma model. The ware is generally grey inlaid with 
 white, and it is probably at this factory that Mishima ware or the 
 imitation of it were made. 
 
 Teapot-stand, on three feet. Japanese stoneware, covered with 
 a green glaze, crackled. Around it the Pa-kwa, raised and 
 gilt. Mark, impressed, in the seal character, on a projecting 
 piece of clay, illegible. Diam. 3;^ in. 1194. 
 
 Dish, in the form of a haliotis shell. Grey Japanese stoneware, 
 with a transparent glaze speckled with brown. Mark, stamped, 
 Mai-ho, the name of a place in Banshiu, near Kobi. L. 7f in. 
 [PI. XV. 198.] 1195. 
 
 Ctlindeical Pot. Rough Japanese stoneware, partially glazed, 
 of a mottled brown. It is made to imitate a section of a branch, 
 with a cicada in ftdl relief. Mark, stamped, Mai-ko, the name 
 of a place in Banshiu. H. 3^ in. [PI. XV. 198.] 1196. 
 
 GrOUBD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Japanese stoneware, covered with a 
 mottled glaze, with ornaments in white slip. Soma ware. 
 H. 4f in. 1197. 
 
 Deinking Cup, with indented sides. Japanese stoneware ; the 
 outside rudely pitted, as though with the workman's fingers ; 
 pale grey speckled with brown, inside greenish and crackled. 
 Two impressed marks, one of a gourd shape. Soma, the other, 
 in'an oval, Kane-shige, the maker's name. Soma ware. Diam. 
 3 in., H. 3 in. [Compare PI. XV. 199, 201.] 1198. 
 
 Drinking Cup. Japanese stoneware, partially glazed, and the 
 inside crackled ; inside part of a horse in relief j outside four 
 coiled green dragons ; the spaces between indented as though 
 with the finger nail ; underneath an impressed figure of a 
 prancing horse tied to a stake, and stamped mark in an oval, 
 Ven-zan, the maker's name. H. 3^ in., diam. 4 in. [PI. XV. 
 200.] 1199. 
 
 DpvINKing Cup. Grey Japanese stoneware, the sides rough and 
 irregukr, having been pressed in with the hands whUe soft. It 
 is covered with specks on the outside under a thin glaze, with 
 a few patches of green ; on one side a horse in low relief 
 outlined in blue. The inside is covered with a green crackle, 
 and at the bottom is faintly traced a horse. H. Z\ in. 1200. 
 
 Drinking Cup, with indented sides. Japanese stoneware ; the 
 outside i-udely pitted, pale grey speckled with brown, and a 
 horse in relief; inside marbled in grey and crimson. Mark, 
 stamped, in an oval, So-ma, the name of the fabric. Diam. A\ in. 
 [Compare PI. XV. 199.] 1201, 
 
172 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Drinking Cup. Japanese stonewai-e, roughly indented ; on the 
 outside a prancing horse tethered to two stakes, with the badge 
 of the Prince of Soma by its side ; inside another horse. Mark, 
 stampsd in an oval, So-ma, the name of the fabric. H. 2| in. 
 [Compare PI. XV. 199.] 1202. 
 
 Two Cups. Japanese pottery, indented at the sides, and covered 
 with a speckled grey glaze ; inside is painted a running horse. 
 Mark, stamped, Kane-shige, the maker's name. Soma ware. 
 Diam. 2 in. [PI. XV. 201,] 1203. 
 
 Gourd-shaped Bottle. Japanese stoneware. The body 
 covered with a grey glaze, sprinkled with dark spots ; round the 
 mouth a splash of gi'eenish glaze. Soma ware. H. 10 in. 
 
 1204. 
 
 Pair of square fruit dishes, with open basketwork edges. Grey 
 glazed Japanese stoneware ; in the centre, in low relief, a horse 
 tethered to a stake. Mark, stamped, So-ma, the name of the 
 fabric. W. 51 in. [PI. XV. 199.] 1205. 
 
 Vessel, in the form of the fruit of the nelumbium {hasu-no-ini). 
 Fine red Japanese stoneware. Some of the seeds ai'e made loose 
 so as to rattle. Diam. 34- in. 1206. 
 
 Deep Saucer Dish. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with 
 finger marks, and glazed of a dark grey ; on it branches of 
 prunus in relief. Two stamped marks, Go-koku-san, " Native 
 pL'oAviCis" nwA Kaki-tsubata, " axi \v\s." Diam. 7 in. [PI. XI. 
 137.] 1207. 
 
 Tea Bo"\vi., of peculiar form, as though modelled from the lower 
 half of a turned wooden flask. Japanese stoneware, covered 
 with a grey glaze with white incised ornaments. Probably 
 Hagi ware. H. 3f in., L. 5 in. 1208. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Japanese stoneware, partially covered with an 
 orange glaze ; on the outside is painted a stork flying. M.irk, 
 stamped, Vu-ho, mnker's name. H. 2^ in., diam. 5 in. [PI. 
 XV. 202.] 1209. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Red Japanese pottery, enamelled in colours, with 
 gilding ; on the outside the figure of Longevity resting on a 
 stag, and a boy with a fan. H. 2\ in., diam. 3J in. 1210. 
 
 Plate. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a greyish blue 
 glaze, and coarsely painted in black with flowers and scrolls. 
 Diam. 7 in. 1211. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Grey Japanese pottery, covered with a light brown 
 glaze. Mark, impressed, Asa-hi, " Morning light." Asahi 
 ware, made at Uji, province of Yamashiro. Diam, 4^ in., 
 H. 2| in. [PI. XV. 203.] 1212. 
 
 This factory was founded between 1644 and 1647, and derivcB its 
 name from its colour resembling morning light. It has long been 
 noted for its tea bowls. 
 
OtASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 173 
 
 Sq0AKB Shahow Bowl. Japanese stoneware, covered with a 
 dark brown glaze, coarsely painted in red, yellow, and green ; 
 on two of tbe sides rings to represent handles. Diam. 4\ in. 
 
 1213. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Red Japanese pottery, coarsely made, covered with 
 a peculiar semi-transparent glaze. Mark, stamped Ji-zan 
 ^a^M, "MadebyJizan." H. 3 in., diam. 5 in. [PI. XVIII. 258.] 
 
 1214. 
 
 Stand for teapot lid. Eed Japanese pottery, covered with a 
 white semi-transparent glaze ; it represents a hollow square, on 
 which a man with a large hat is trying to climb. H. 2^ in. 
 
 1215. 
 
 Basin. Grey Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey glaze ; 
 ornamented inside and out with storks among clouds, outlined 
 in black and coloured green. Said to be Tamba ware. 
 Diam. 7 in. 1216. 
 
 Pot and Covek. Reddish grey Japanese stoneware. Inside is 
 coarsely painted a monster ; the cover imitates basket work ; 
 round the handle is tied an osier twig. Mark, stam.ped inside 
 the cover in relief, and on bottom, in sunk letters, Ki tei, 
 " Tortoise haU," the name of a firm. H. 3J in., diam. 3| in. 
 [PL XV. 204.] 1217. 
 
 Squaee Tray. Pale Japanese pottery, covered with a thick 
 white glaze, over which are a few rude outlines, and some green 
 patches. Made at Oribe, province of Owari. Mark, Rohu-bei, 
 maker's name. W. 4 in. [PI. XV. 205.] 1218. 
 
 The factory of Oribe, province of Owari, was founded in the beginning 
 of the 17th century at the request of Puruta Oribe-no Sho Shige- 
 katsu, a matamoto of the Shogun. 
 
 Cop, pressed into a square form. Pale grey Japanese stoneware. 
 Made at Oribe, province of Owari. H. 2|- in. 1219. 
 
 Squake Teay, with wavy edge on a raised foot. White Japanese 
 pottery covered with a brilliant green glaze ; on it, in low relief, 
 a map of Japan. Mark, stamped, Tami, part of the maker's 
 name. W. 12 in. [PI. XV. 206.] 1220. 
 
 Oblong Tray, with wavy edge. Japanese pottery, covered with 
 a bright green glaze, with patches of yellow and brown ; on it, 
 in very low relief, is a view of a famous spot in the province of 
 Tango, by the seaside, where there is a long natui-al causeway, 
 known as the broken ladder of the gods, Amano Hasidate. 
 Above is an inscription in Japanese, " View of Amano Hasi- 
 date, surrounded by the angry waves and enveloped in mist." 
 Awaji ware. L. 9in. 1221. 
 
 Two Deep Saucers, one green glazed, one yellow glazed. 
 Japanese pottery. They are in the shape of the Paulownia 
 imperialis, which is the badge of the Mikado's family. Mark, 
 stamped on one, Minato yahi, " Miuato pottery." Minato 
 ware, made at Sakai, province of Idsumi. Diam. 5f in. 1222. 
 
174 CLASS VIII. JAPANESE POTTEUY. 
 
 Teapot, in the form of a sacred tortoise, of which the tail curls 
 over and forms the handle, the head being the spout. Japanese 
 pottery, covered with a green glaze. On the lid is a shell. 
 Mark, stamped, Sen-sliiu Sakai moto Minato yahi Kiehi-ye- 
 mon. " Original Minato ware of Kichiyemon, [made at] 
 Sakai, [province of] Sen-shiu." L. 7^ in. [PI. XVIII. 249.] 
 
 1223. 
 
 Tantalus Cop. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery; from the 
 centre rise bamboo trunks, painted green ; in the lower part 
 is a hole, through which, when the cup is filled, the water 
 enters till it reaches the top of an internal tube, and runs out 
 of an opening in the bottom of the cup. Mark, impressed in 
 a square, Sen-shut Sakai moto Minato yaM Kichi-ye-mon. 
 " Original Minato ware of Kichiyemon, [made at] Sakai, 
 [province of] Senshiu." Diam. 3^ in. [Compare PI. XVIII. 
 249, but smaller.] 1224. 
 
 Incense Bdknee, in the form of an old man. Glazed Japanese 
 pottery. He wears a green robe lined with yellow, and has a 
 pointed beard, breast and feet naked. Awaji ware. H. 12^ in. 
 
 1225. 
 
 Two Trays, in the form of open bivalve shells. Japanese 
 pottery. One of them covered with a green glaze, the other with 
 a yellow glaze ; on both, in low relief, an inscription in the seal 
 character, being moral sentences. Milfato or Awaji ware. L. 
 64 in. 1226. 
 
 Trat, in the form of a hand screen. Japanese pottery, with 
 details in low relief, covered with green, purple, and yellow 
 glazes. Awaji ware. L. ll^in. 1227. 
 
 Squake Teay, with recurved edge. White glazed Japanese 
 pottery, with ornaments in low relief, coloured yellow, green, 
 and brown. In the centre two birds perched on the branch of 
 a tree, with yellow flowers ; border of Vandykes, alternately 
 green with a wave pattern, and yellow with various diapers. 
 Said to be Sanuki ware. W. 8f in. 1228. 
 
 Covered Cup. White Japanese pottery, partly covered with 
 a yellow glaze, leaving an indeterminate design in white. 
 Awaji ware. -Diam. 4^ in. 1229. 
 
 Saucer Dish, with indented edge. Japanese pottery, over 
 which is engraved a peony plant and butterfly, coloured green, 
 purple, and white ; the rest of the surface covered with a deep 
 yellow glaze. Awaji ware, made by Minpei. Diam. 7 in. 
 
 1230. 
 
 Box, in the form of an open fan. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, 
 with a landscape painted in black with gilding. Mark, stamped 
 Min-pei, maker's name. Minpei ware, made in the Island of 
 Awaji. W. 4f in. [PI. XV. 207.] 1231. 
 
 Kashiu Min-pei is the name of a potter who founded a factory at 
 Igano-mura, Island of Awaji, about 40 years ago. He learnt the art 
 at Gojosaka near Ki6to, and his ware is like that of Awata. 
 
CLASS Vlir.^JAPANESB POTTERY. l75 
 
 Box, of irregular form. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery. The 
 inside with clouds in black arid gold ; on the outside a river 
 scene in brown and grey. The sides with a trellised diaper. 
 L. 4| in. 1232. 
 
 Lkaf-shaped Tray. Japanese pottery, covered with green glaze ; 
 the ornament consists of branches of cypress in relief, evidently 
 modelled from the tree itself. Said to be Kochi ware, probably 
 made at Nose-yama, province of Tosa. L. 6^ in. 1233. 
 
 Floweb Vase, with depressed body divided into six lobes, 
 hexagonal neck and mouth, and two handles. Japanese pottery, 
 with engraved designs, covered with a bright green glaze, 
 with a few touches of yellow. Said to be Kochi wai'e ; pro- 
 bably made in the province of Tosa. H. ^^ in. 1234. 
 
 Tbat, in the shape of a curved horn, like one of the Chinese 
 symbols. Japanese pottery, covered with a bright green glaze. 
 Mark, stamped in an oval on the side, Eis-sai, the maker's 
 naee. [PI. XV. 208.] L. 6^ in. 1235. 
 
 Cylindeioai, Fike Pot. Japanese stoneware, brown ground, 
 with ornaments in slip, buff coloured flowers and scrolls with 
 green and purple leaves. Mark, stamped Tai-zan, maker's 
 name. Diam. 41 in. [PI. XV. 209.] 1236 
 
 Bowl on foot. Buff coloured Japanese stoneware, glazed and 
 crackled. A lion, in full relief, is attached to the edge of the 
 bowl. H. 4f in. 1237. 
 
 Vase, in the form of a pedestal for holding pens. Japanese 
 stoneware. It is covered with a dull purple glaze, through 
 which flowers in outline can be distinguished, and has round 
 the top the Pa-kwa ; on one side is a small figure of a lion 
 in full relief, which is represented as though just sprang on to 
 the edge of the vessel. H. 5^ in. 1238. 
 
 Quadrangular Vase, on four small feet. Japanese pottery, with 
 a light brown glaze ; the outer surface covered with indenta- 
 tions, so as to give it a rough surface. Mark, incised Mune- 
 nobu, the maker's name. H. 3^ in., L. 3^ in. 1239. 
 
 Quadrangular Vessel for washing brushes for writing. Ja- 
 panese stoneware, covered with brown crackled glaze ; on the 
 bottom is an inscription signifying " Made by Bunteigo at the 
 principal factory of the Banko house, in the beginning of 
 spring of the Midzunoye Tora calendar of the 2nd year of Tem- 
 mei," A.D. 1782. Yedo Banko ware. Dimen. 2 in. by 2^ in. 
 
 1240. 
 
 Two Shell-shaped Saucers. G-rey glazed Japanese stoneware; 
 
 in each a similar rude landscape in brown and blue ; above which 
 
 two lines of poetry and the signature, Banko, the maker's name. 
 
 Yedo Banko ware. Dism. 5{ in. 1241. 
 
 A 167. ^' 
 
176 OliASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Satjcee. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled and painted 
 in red : in the centre a cruciform ornament ; at the sides two 
 panels, one enclosing two boys, the other a flower. Mark, 
 stamped, Banko. Yedo Banko wftre. Diaiu. 6 in. 1242. 
 
 Sqctabk Bottle, for soy, -with truncated angles. Grey glazed 
 Japanese stoneware, crackled ; on one face is inscribed, in low 
 relief, Dai Nippon Shoyu Take-guchi- sei in large letters, 
 " Great Japan soy made by Takeguchi," and in smaller Banko 
 Ko-saku tsuhiru, "Made byKosaku Banko." H. 6| in. 1243. 
 
 Ctlindrical Tea Box. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, slightly 
 crackled ; the outside covered with an apple green glaze. 
 Mark, stamped inside the lid, in an oval, Banko. H. 2\ in., 
 diam. 21 in. 1244. 
 
 Wall Vase, in the form of a long basket. Y'ellow Japanese 
 pottery, painted black and with a cicada in relief on one 
 side. Two marks, stamped in squares, in the seal character, 
 Banko and Dai Nippon Vu-setsu, the maker's name. Ise Banko 
 ware. H. 6^ in. [Compare PI. XI. 136.] 1245. 
 
 Incense Borneb. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, coated with 
 black to imitate bronze ; it is in the form of a vase resting 
 on three figures of boys, and has three monsters' heads, with 
 loose rings; on the cover a lion. Mark, stamped in the seal 
 character, Banko and Dai Nippon Yu-seiszi, the maker's name. 
 Ise Banko ware. H. 6^ in. [Compare PI. XI. 136.] 1246. 
 
 Two-handled Vesskl and Cover. Grey Japanese stoneware, 
 showing the marks of the workman's finger and thumb ; fluted 
 body; the cover surmounted by two mushrooms. Mark, 
 stamped in a square, in the sea,l character, Banko yu-setsu, the 
 maker's name. Ise Banko ware. H. 5 in. 1247. 
 
 Wall Vase for flowers, cylindrical. Grey Japanese stoneware, 
 with a light brown glaze ; on one side are painted two panels 
 of irregular form, representing the mountain Fuai-yama and 
 two storks flying. On one side a slit for suspension. Mark, 
 stamped in an oval, in the seal character, Banko, the maker's 
 name. H. 5f in. 1248. 
 
 Bowl, in the form of a nelumhium leaf. Brown Japanese stone- 
 ware, covered with a grey glaze, and ornamented in colours with 
 gilding : outside a stork in relief and stems of grass, which 
 curl round the inside, on which is a snail. Mark, stamped, 
 Banko. Diam. 6 in.. 1249. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase, with fluted body, pale brown Japanese 
 stoneware, nnglazed ; enamelled with a creeper in colours. 
 Mark, stamped, -Nip-pon Banko, and within an oval Da-iei 
 tsukuTU. " Made by Datei." H. 11 in. [PL XVI. 210.] 1250. 
 
 Bov7L. Japanese pottery, of which the glaze has become rough 
 from overbaking, though probably done purposely ; on it is a 
 badge like that of the Tokugawa family in black. Iga ware, 
 made in the province of Omi. Diam. 4| in. 1251, 
 
OLA88 Vin. — JAPANESE POTXEKY. 177 
 
 Bowl. Cream coloured Japanese pottery, slightly crackled ; with a 
 crest three times repeated, being the badge of the Tokugawa 
 family in black. Said to be Iga ware. Diam. 4^ in. 1252. 
 
 Water Pot and Cover. Pale yellow glazed Japanese potteiy, 
 painted in green and brown with gilding. A trunk of an old 
 fir tree, a prunus and bamboo leaves, three emblems of 
 longevity, and two insects. Tubes at the sides for suspension. 
 The cover made in imitation of lacquer. Mark, impressed 
 Aha-hada yama, the name of the fabric, and a stamp, Bohu- 
 hahu, the maker's name. Akahada ware, made at Koriyama, 
 province of Yamato. H. 5^ in. [PI. XVIII. 259.] 1253. 
 
 This factory was founded about 1644-1647, chiefly to make tea 
 utensils. 
 
 Water Pot and Cover. Pale yellow Japanese pottery, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; on one side a hanging flower vase, 
 and a bowl with fishes on a stand ; each accompanied by an 
 inscription, being the signature of tlie artist Boku-haku ; the 
 cover made in imitation of lacquer ; at the sides imitations of 
 tubes. Mark, stamped, Aka-hada yama, the name of the fabric, 
 and Bohu-fiaku, the maker's name. Akahada ware, made at 
 Koriyama, province of Yamato. H. 6^ in. [PI. XVIII. 259.] 
 
 1254. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Japanese stoneware, covered with olive brown 
 glaze I inside are impressed four figures with trees between 
 them, and a border ; outside, scored vertical lines. Mark, Aka- 
 hada yama, and in a circle Boku-haku, the maker's name. 
 Akahada ware, made at Koriyama, province of Yamato. H. 
 2f in., diam. 4i in. [PI. XVIII. 259.] 1265. 
 
 Dish, in the form of the Tai fish. Red Japanese pottery, covered 
 with a white glaze, showing a darker colour in the raised 
 portions. Mark, stamped ou a kidney-shaped panel, Aka-hada, 
 the name of the fabric. Akahada ware, made at Koriyama,- 
 province of Yamato. L. 1\ in. [PI. XVI. 21 1 .] 1256. 
 
 Oblong Tray on three feet. Japanese stoneware, covered with 
 a white glaze. Inside a swastika pattern, bordered with scrolls 
 in low relief. Mark, stamped, Itu-sai, the maker's name. 
 L. 6 in. [PL XVI. 212.J 1257. 
 
 Leaf-shaped Saucer. Japanese pottery, covered with a light 
 brown glaze with greyish streaks. Mark, stamped in a circle, 
 0-hi. Ohi ware, made at Ohi-machi, near Kanazawa, province 
 of Kaga. Diam. 4| in. [Compare PL XVIII. 250.] 1258. 
 
 Cylindrical Water Pot and Cover. Japanese pottery, covered 
 with a light brown glaze ; on the cover a craw-flah in relief. 
 Mark, stamped in a circle, 0-hi. Ohi ware, made at Ohi- 
 machi, near Kanazawa, province of Kaga. H. 6 in., diam 6 in. 
 [PL XVIIl. 250.] 1259. 
 
 This factory was estahlished on the Eaku system by Chozayemon 
 about 1680, and has been much patronised by the Tea clubs. 
 
 N 2 
 
178 CLA88 VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Box AND Cover, in the form of a fruit. Japanese pottery, 
 covered with a brilliant chestnut glaze, excepting three panels 
 of green glaze, with animals, &c. in low relief. Mark, stamped 
 inside the cover, 0-hi. Ohi ware made at Ohi-machi, province 
 of Kaga. Diam. 2\ in. [Compare PI. XVIII. 250.] 1260. 
 
 Oval Tbat, in the form of a basket, containing five Chinese 
 cash. Japanese pottery, moulded in low relief, and covered with 
 a light brown glaze. ^L. 3| in. 1261. 
 
 Plate. Japanese pottery, with ornaments in relief. Covered 
 with an amber-coloured glaze. In the centre a kylin, around 
 which a running scroll of flowers ; indented edge, and under- 
 neath scored finger marks. Probably Ohi ware. Diam. 8 in. 
 
 1262. 
 
 Two SMALL Saucebs. Japanese pottery, with impressed designs 
 and a warm brown glaze ; three chrysanthemums and leaves. 
 Diam. Z\ in. 1263. 
 
 CiKCULAE Box AND CovBR. Grlazed Japanese pottery. The 
 inside pale yellow and slightly crackled; the outside purple with 
 engraved floral scrolls gilt ; on the top the character, Ju, 
 " Longevity." Mark, stamped in an oval, Riyo-zen, the maker's 
 name. Diam. 8^ in. [PI. XVI. 213.] 1264. 
 
 Incense Burner. Japanese stoneware, covered with a purple 
 glaze. It has thi'ee small feet, and the body is divided into six 
 lobes. Mark, stamped in an oval, Riyo-zen, the maker's name. 
 H. 3^ in. [PI. XVI. 213.] 1265. 
 
 Basin. Japanese pottery, covered with purple glaze; outside 
 ornaments in low relief. Perhaps Kishiu ware. Diam. 5| in. 
 
 1266. 
 
 Pair op Bottles. Japanese pottery, covered with a brick red 
 glaze, over which is an imperfect network in white. Mark, 
 impressed, Shio sai, " The pine-tree study." H. 6^ in. [PL 
 XVI. 214.], " 1267. 
 
 Peach-shaped Saucer. Ked Japanese pottery, covered with a 
 semi-transparent glaze. Mark, stamped, Kagura. L. 7f in. 
 [PI. XVIII. 251.] 1268. 
 
 Box, in the form of a bivalve shell, resting on three small feet ; 
 yellow glazed Japanese pottery ; on the top two crustaceans in 
 gold lacquer. Mark, stamped, Kagura. W. 6^ in. [PI. XVIII. 
 251.] 1269. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a dark 
 brown glaze ; on one side a spray of grass. Mark, stamped, 
 Raku, " Enjoyment." Raku ware, made at Kioto. H. 2f in., 
 diam. 5 in. [PI. XVIII. 253.] 1270. 
 
 Conical Weight, in the form of a jewel {tama). Japanese pottery, 
 covered with a black glaze and sprinkled with "gold. Mark, 
 stamped, Raku, " Enjoyment." Kaku ware, made at Ki6to. 
 Diam. 3i in. 1271. 
 
CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 179 
 
 Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, coated with a dark 
 brown glaze and with, two yellow patches, one in the form of a 
 flower; the body horizontally ribbed. Mark, stamped, Baku, 
 " Enjoyment." H, 3| in., diam. 34 in. Raku ware, made at 
 Kioto. [PI. XVIII. 254.] 1272. 
 
 Tea Bowl, rudely made. Red Japanese pottei-y, covered with a 
 semi-transparent glaize ; on one side a string of circles impressed. 
 Mark, stamped, Baku, " Enjoyment." Baku ware, made at 
 Ki6to. H. 4 in., diam. 3| in. [PI. XVIII. 254.] 1273. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Pale grey Japanese stoneware, partially covered with 
 a black glaze. Two stamped marks ; one of them Sei-nei, name 
 of maker, the other Baku, "Enjoyment." Raku ware, made at 
 Kioto. H. 3 in., diam. 41 in. [PI. XVIII. 255.] 1274. 
 
 Quadrangular Cup, with indented edges. Coarse Japanese 
 pottery, green glazed. Mark, stamped, Baku, " Enjoyment." 
 Raku ware, made at Kioto. H. 2| in., diam. 4^ in. [Compare 
 PL XVIII. 253.] 1275. 
 
 Saucer. Japanese stoneware. In the centre is the chrysanthe- 
 mum, the imperial badge of Japan ; the rest of the surface is 
 covered with a mottled green and red glaze. Probably Raku 
 ware, made at Kidto. Diam. 4^ in. 1276. 
 
 Vase, in the form of leaves tied together. Japanese pottery, 
 covered with a deep green glaze. Mark, stamped, Baku, " En- 
 joyment." Raku ware, made at Kioto. H. 7J in. [PI. XVIII. 
 252.] 1277. 
 
 Lozenge-shaped Tray, on three small feet. Japanese pottery ; 
 the inside covered with a grey glaze, crackled; the sides formed 
 by figures of storks with extended wings, glazed green. Mark, 
 stamped, Baku, " Enjoyment." Raku ware, made at Kioto. 
 L. 4in. [PI. XVIII. 253.] ' 1278. 
 
 Dish, in the form of a- Venus' ear (Haliotis) shell. Japanese pot- 
 tery ; the outside glazed yellow ; inside white, crackled, and 
 painted in black, with a prunus stump and flowers. Marks, 
 stamped, i?ate, " Enjoyment," and Bun-ki, the maker's name. 
 Raku ware, made at Kiotov L. 9^ in. [PL XVI. 216.] 1279. 
 
 Teapot and Set of Five Cups. Japanese imitation of pottery 
 in paper, representing brown ware, with a coarse black and red 
 glaze. Mark, stamped, Sei, maker's name. The cups in the 
 original chip-box. 1280. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese pottery, partially covered with 
 black glaze ; at the sides is a row of indentations, across which 
 is passed a white line in relief. H. 2| in., diam. 4^ in. 1281. 
 
 Basin. Japanese stoneware, covered with a streaky brown glaze. 
 Mark, stamped, Shun-tei, the maker's name. Said to be Kioto 
 ware. Diam. 6 in. [PL XVI. 216.] 1281ffl. 
 
180 CLASS Vlll.— jAtANESE LOTTERY. 
 
 Figure of a fantastic lion. Japanese stoneware, covered with a 
 greyish green glaze. Kioto ware (?). H. 8 J in. 1282. 
 
 FfGUEE OF A MiNSTitEL (Manzui), in the character Jebis. 
 Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey glaze ; he is repre- 
 sented with a kuge's cap and dress, on which is repeated an 
 armorial badge, his left arm extended, and in his right hand a 
 fan. Mark, impressed, Shun-yetsu, the maker's name. H. 6f in. 
 [PI. XVI. 217.] 1283. 
 
 Incense Box, in the form of a hollow pear. Grey glazed Japanese 
 stoneware. Inside are two figures playing at go. Mark, stamped 
 in an oval Masa-ki, the maker's name. H. 2 in. [PI. XVI. 
 218.] 1284. 
 
 Incense Box, in the shape of a fan. Grey glazed Japanese stone- 
 ware, with six seated figures of poet.s in relief on the cover, the 
 Rok-ka-sen of the Mikado's court. Made by Masaki Soraku of 
 Ki6to. L. 2| in. 1285. 
 
 Oenament, in the form of a screen, on which is in relief a coiled 
 dragon among the waves of the sea. Japanese pottery covered 
 with a yellowish glaze. On the back is a panel with an inscrip- 
 tion. Mark, stamped, Boku-Jio, the maker's name,and scratched 
 Ktsushi, " a. co-pj." H. 2 in. [PI. XVI. 219.] 1286. 
 
 Teapot. Fine Japanese pottery, made of grey pipe clay, much 
 blackened by use. Mark on handle, stamped, Giyoku-tei, maker's 
 name. Old Ki6to ware. H. 3 in. 1287. 
 
 Box for powdered tea. Fine Japanese pottery, made of pale 
 grey pipe clay, with two black patches, and three white 
 chrysanthemums in high relief. Inside gilt. Ivory cover. 
 On the bottom is engraved, Kokmrenri Ho-raku-an tsukuru. 
 " Made by Horakuan, living in retirement." Kioto ware. 
 H. 3J in. 1288. 
 
 Cup, in the form of a haliotis shell. Yellow glazed Japanese 
 pottery, slightly crackled. The outside-coloured brown to imi- 
 tate the shell ; the inside painted with seaweeds and shells. In 
 the original lacquered box, with inscriptions in gold, signifying, 
 " Wine cup in the form of an Awabi (Haliotis) shell given 
 by the priest-prince Ho-shin-no, of the Shoh-ren-in temjSe, to 
 Ikken-no-bo, of the Rok-kaku temple." Both these temples 
 are at Kioto. L. 5 in. 1289. 
 
 TEiPOT (or rather sauce-pot), with an arched metal handle. 
 Japanese pottery covered with a deep blue glaze. On the 
 upper part are engraved branches. Said to be Kioto ware. 
 J-4fin. 1290. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Japanese stoneware. On the inside and on the 
 lower part have been inserted fragments of quartz, partially 
 fused by a pale coflfee coloured glaze. Mark, incised, Ninsei, 
 maker's name. Kidto ware. With it is one of the bamboo 
 whisks used in preparing powdered tea. Diam. 4| in. 1291, 
 
CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTBRT. 181 
 
 Ctlindkical Tea Box. Japanese potteiy. Inside, a bluish 
 greeu glaze ; outside, grey, crackled, with ornaments like 
 branches of fir, in brown, green, and blue. Mark, stamped, 
 Ninsei, maker's name. Kidto ware. H. 3 in., diam. 2i in. 
 [PI. XVI. 220.] 1292. 
 
 Box, in the form of a duck. Pale yellow Japanese pottery, 
 painted in colours, with gilding. Mark, stamped, Ninsei, the 
 maker's name. Ki6toware. L. 3 in. [PI. XVI. 220.] 1293, 
 
 Tea Bowl. Pale buff Japanese pottery, partially glazed and 
 painted in colours, with gilding ; on the outside sixty-two 
 Japanese figures ; the foot rim has a nick cut in it. Mark, 
 stamped within an oval, Ninsei, the maker' name. Kioto ware. 
 H. 3 in., diam. 4 in. [Comp. PI. XVf. 220.] 1294. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Pale buff Japanese pottery, partially glazed and 
 painted in colours, with gilding; on the outside seventeen 
 mythological figures ; the rim of the foot has a nick cut in it. 
 Mark, stamped, Ninsei, the maker's name. Kioto ware. IT. 
 3^ in., diam. 4^ in. [PI. XVI. 220.] 1295. 
 
 Fan-shaped Box. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, painted in 
 brown, with gilding ; on the cover a flower. Mark, stamped, 
 Ninsei, the maker's name. Kioto ware. W. 3;^ in. [PL XVI. 
 220.] 1296. 
 
 Box, in the form of a fan. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, 
 slightly crackled, painted in colours, with gilding. Diapers 
 and dancing figures. Mark, stamped, Ninsei, maker's name. 
 Ki6to ware. L. 3^ in. [PL XVI. 220.] 1297. 
 
 Globular Box, in the form of a silken ball. Yellow glazed. 
 Japanese pottery ; the silk is represented red, green, and gold. 
 Mark, stamped, Ninsei, maker's name. Kioto ware. Diam. 
 6| in. [PL XVI. 220.] 1298. 
 
 Ball. Grey Japanese stoneware, slightly crackled. It is made 
 in imitation of a ball, covered with geometrically arranged 
 bands of red, green, and blue silks, with gilding. Mark, 
 stamped, Ninsei, maker's name. Kioto ware. Diam. 3^ in. 
 [PL XVI. 220.] 1299. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese pottery, covered with a pale glaze ; 
 on the outside three medallions, enclosing landscapes in colours 
 and gilding, the rest of the surface washed over with a dull 
 green colour. In the foot rim a nick. Mark, stamped, Ninsei, 
 maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in. [PL XVI. 
 220.] 1300. 
 
 Flat Box, of irregular shape. Grey Japanese stoneware, 
 crackled. On the lid are a kuge or courtier's cap and two fans, 
 in relief, coloured blue and brown. Mark, stamped, Ninsei, 
 maker's name. Kioto ware. L. 4 in. [PI. XVI. 220.] 1301, 
 
182 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Ctlindrical Jae and Covek, in imitation of a wooden bucket. 
 Japanese pottery, covered with a liglit brown, glaze. On. the 
 side an inscription written by Eiyo-sai at the .agie of eighty, in 
 the period G-en-roku, 1688-1704. Ki6to ware. H. 3^ in. 1302. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Yel low glazed Japanese pottery, crackled, and coarsely 
 painted in colours, with two birds among waterplants. Mark, 
 stamped 0-ike, the name of a street in Ki6to, running east 
 and west. Kioto ware. H. 3 in., diam. 4| in. [PI. XVI. 221.] 
 
 1303, 
 
 Canister. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, painted in colours. 
 Large flowers of a creeper, the green leaves of which are relieved 
 by a black ground. Mark, stamped in a square, in the seal 
 character, Kan, part of the name Kanzan, Kioto ware. H. 
 3^ in. 1304. 
 
 Sauceb Dish. Japanese pottery, of irregular make ; the surface 
 covered with a rough crackled glaze, with one or two patches 
 coloured green ; on it is slightly sketched the figure of a 
 peasant. Mark, stamped in the seal character, Kan-zati, 
 maker's name. Ki6to ware. Diam. 6^ in, [PI. XVI. 222.] 
 
 1305. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, painted with a branch 
 of the plum tree, and an inscription, being a verse in reference to 
 the plum, written hy Hin-an. Mark, in brown, in large cha- 
 racters, Ken-zan, maker's name. Diam. 4? in. [Compare 
 PI. XVI. 223.] 1306. 
 
 Square Bowl. Pale brown Japanese stoneware, glazed and 
 coarsely painted on the outside with the cherry blossom, in 
 brown and white. Mark, in brown on an oblong white panel, 
 Aere-zaw, maker's name. Kidto ware. H.' 3 ■ in., diam. 4i iiu 
 [PI. XVI. 223.] 1307. 
 
 FiREHOLDER. J.apanese stoneware ; the outside painted white, 
 with a coarse iloral scroll, in brown. Mark, in brown,- in large 
 characters, Ken-zan, maker's name. Diam. 41 in. [Compare 
 PI. XVI. 223.] 1308. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese pottery, with flowers outlined in low relief 
 and filled in with yellow and green glazes ; the ground purple, 
 and the inside blue. Mark, in brown on a white oval panel, 
 Ken-zan, maker's name. Kioto ware. H. 3 in., diam. 5 in. 
 [Compare PL XVI. 223.] 1309. 
 
 Water Vessel, with cover. White glazed Japanese pottery 
 painted in colours. Eound the globular body are sci'oUs with 
 flowers coarsely painted. Marks, on the bottom Ken-zan, the 
 maker's name, with the words San dai, " third generation," and 
 Bun-sei nen sei. " Made in the period Bun-sei," 1818-1830. 
 The date is repeated on the cover. Kioto ware. H. 5 in., 
 diam. 8 in. [Compare PL XVI. 223.] 1310. 
 
 The form of this vesse* is taken from East Indian pottery, specimens of 
 which aie to be found in Japan,. 
 
CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 183 
 
 Box AND CovEK, somewhat in the form of an artichoke. Yellow 
 Japanese pottery, ornamented with green, yellow, and purple 
 glazes. Mark, in Japanese, stamped, A«yo-mirf«M Gw-sai. "Gusai 
 in Kiyomidsu," a factory to the east of Kioto. Diam. 5f in. 
 [PI. XVI. 224.] 1311. 
 
 Incense Burnek, of globular form, with foot and pierced cover. 
 Pale buff Japanese pottery ; the ornaments copied from Chinese, 
 being raised outlines filled with various coloured glazes ; on the 
 body three medallions enclosing green dragons on a yellow 
 ground ; on the foot three symbols with scrolls. Mark, sta.mped, 
 Yei-raku. Made by the Yei-raku family in Kioto. H. 3|^ in. 
 [PI. XVI. 226.] 1312. 
 
 Bowl. Japanese pottery, covered with a light grey glaze, crackled ; 
 on the outside three irregular panels with a diaper pattern in 
 different colours ; ground gilt. All this decoration is impressed 
 with crossing lines to give the appearance of brocade. Bottom 
 bluish green. Mark, stamped, Yei-raku. Made by the Yeiraku 
 family in Kioto. H. 2| in., diam. 4^ in. [PI. XVI. 225.] 
 
 1313. 
 
 Vessel, in the form of the mining hammer of Daikoku, the god 
 of Riches ; pale yellow glazed Japanese pottery coarsely deco- 
 rated in colours with gilding and silver; on one side the sacred 
 tortoise and a stork ; on the other two figures ; on one end the 
 seal character, Fuku, " Happiness," on the other Ju, " Lon- 
 gevity." Mark, stamped, Yei-raku, maker's name. Kioto 
 ware. L. 6f in. [Compare PI. XVI. 226.] 1314. 
 
 Box, in the form of an egg. Pale glazed Japanese pottery ; on 
 the cover the figure of a cock. Mark, impressed, Dohachi, the 
 maker's name. Kioto ware. H. 2^ in. 131.5. 
 
 Dish, with wavy edge. White Japanese pottery painted in 
 colours. A lilac dragon with four claws among blue clouds on 
 a yellow ground. Mark, in black, Dohachi, maker's name. 
 Kioto ware. Diam. 7 in. 1316. 
 
 Box, in the form of a tai fish. Red Japanese pottery covered with 
 a semi-transparent glaze. Mark, stamped in an oval, Dohachi, 
 the maker's name. Ki6to ware. L. 8 in. 1317. 
 
 Tea Bovtl. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, crackled ; on the out- 
 side branches of flowers in slight relief and painted. Mark, 
 stamped, Dohachi, the maker's name. Kioto ware. Diam. 4^ in., 
 H. 2i in. ' 1318. 
 
 Vessel, in form of a peach. Japanese pottery painted in the 
 natural colours of the fruit and leaves ; the apex of the'fruit 
 forms the spout and there is a hole above. Mark scratched, 
 Otsu-chiu mo-shung Ho-ean horu kore. " In the second year 
 of the cycle, early spring, Hozan carved this." And two 
 stamps, Tai-hei, " Peace," and Ho-zan, maker's name. Kioto 
 ware. L. 5^ in. [PI. XVI. 227.] 1319. 
 
 The family of Hozan has been long settled at Awata, near Ki6to, the 
 present maker is Hozan Buuzo. 
 
184 CLASS viii. — Japanese pottery. 
 
 Jar. Japanese pottery, covered with a green glaze. The outside 
 decorated with plaited bands in low relief. Mark, stamped 
 Ho-zan, maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 13 in. [PI. XVI. 228.] 
 
 1320. 
 
 Ctlindeical Box, in three stages. Yellow glazed Japanese 
 pottery. The inside crackled, the outside coloured on the sides 
 of a bluish green, and ornamented with running scrolls in low 
 relief. On the cover three open fans painted with landscapes. 
 Mark, stamped, Ho-zan, maker's name. Kioto ware. H. 8^ in., 
 diam. 7 in. [PI. XVI. 228.] 1321. 
 
 ■Ctlindeical Saki Vessel. Pale Japanese pottery, crackled. On 
 it is painted, in blue and green, with gilt outlines, the moon rising 
 from the waves of the sea dashing against rocks. Mark, stamped, 
 Ho-zan, the maker's name. Kidto ware. H. 6J in., diam. 3^ in. 
 [Compare PI. XVI. 228.] 1322. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Buflf coloured Japanese pottery, with a grey crackle 
 glaze ; on ii is a branch of fir and a prunus tree in green and 
 blue enamel with gildiiig. Probably made by Hozan. Kioto 
 ware. Diam. 5 in. 1323. 
 
 Square Box. White glazed Japanese pottery, roughly painted in 
 green, black, and white, with representations of trees covered 
 with snow. Mark, in brown on a white panel, Sei-fu, maker's 
 name. Kioto ware. W. 5^ in. 1324. 
 
 The Seifu family of Kiyomidsu, near Ki6to, make both pottery and por- 
 celain ; the present maker is Seifu Yoheie. 
 
 Ornament for holding flowers in the form of a plant in openwork. 
 Japanese pottery, painted in colours and picked out witii gilding ; 
 inside are characters. Mark, scratched, Sei-fu tsuhuru. " Made 
 by Sei-fu." Kioto ware. H. 9 J in. 1325. 
 
 Teapot. Grey Japanese stoneware ; the sides ornamented with 
 panels enclosing figures in relief; a border round the mouth ; 
 the rest covered with a thick deep blue glaze. L. 5 in. 1326. 
 
 Set of Ten Diminutive Plates. Pale yellow glazed Japanese 
 pottery, painted in colours with a different subject in each, 
 chiefly scenes from popular life. Mark, stamped, Iwa-kura-zan, 
 maker's name. Ki6to ware. Diam. 4| in. [PI. XVII. 229.] 
 
 1327. 
 
 Iwakurazan KioWbeye is one of the potters at Awata, near Kidto, -who 
 removed there from Mizoro. He may have taken his name from 
 Iwakura to the north-cast of Kidto. 
 
 Tea Bowl. White Japanese pottery, the inside, and a broad 
 band on the outside, coated with a thick brown glaze, somewhat 
 streaky ; r(;und Ihe outer rim a band of quatrefoils in red, green, 
 and gold. Mark, stamped, /toa-Awra-zaw, the maker's name. 
 Ki6to ware. H. 2| in., diam. 4 in. [PI. XVII. 229.] 1328. 
 
OtAfiS VIlI. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 185 
 
 Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, partially covered with 
 a dark brown streaky glaze. Several chips and imperfections 
 have been filled in with gold lacquer, &c., on which are repre- 
 sented the waves of the sea. H. 2| in., diam. 4f in. 1329. 
 
 Sent from Japan as a specimen of Chinese Kamako ware, which, from its 
 weight and the nature of its glaze, it resembles. The form, however, 
 is r 
 
 Boat-shaped Teapot, without a spout, but the bow of the boat 
 pierced with small holes. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, 
 slightly crackled and painted in colours with gilding with 
 branches of flowers. Mark, stamped, Kin-ung ken, name of a 
 house. Kioto ware. L. 5 in. - [PI. XVII. 230.] 1330. 
 
 Large Cup. Japanese pottery. The inside crackled and with 
 ornaments in blue ; the outside coated with dark brown and 
 painted in an unusual style, with three seated figures and three 
 monsters, divided from each other by a large leaf-like scroll in 
 yellow. Kioto ware, made by Kinkozan. Diam. 41 in. 1331. 
 
 Two similar bowls in the collection of Capt. Parish, K.N., have an 
 impressed mark of the maker, Kinkozan. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Pale Japanese pottery, covered with a bronze 
 coloured glaze. Mark, stamped, Kin-ko-zan, the maker's name. 
 Kioto ware. Diam. 4-| in. [PI. XVI I. 231.] 1332. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, with coloured 
 ornaments in low relief ; inside a wasp's nest and two wasps ; 
 outside a three-clawed dragon. Mark, impressed, Kin-ko-zan, 
 the maker's name. Ki6to ware. Diam. 4 in. [Compare PI. 
 XVII. 231.] 1333. 
 
 Incense Burner, in the form of a monstrous lion. Japanese 
 glazed pottery, crackled ; pale grey with brown patches on 
 which the hair is outlined in gold. H. 6^ in. 1334. 
 
 Bowl, in the form of a nelumbium leaf. Japanese pottery, with 
 patches of white, grey, and green glaze. The veins of the leaf 
 are represented, and a bud is lying across it. Mark, in brown, 
 Raku-han tsukuru. " Made by Rakuhan." Diam. 6J in. 1336. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Eed Japanese pottery, partly covered with a dark 
 grey glaze, on which are traced inscriptions in white, and a vase 
 with seal characters. Mark, stamped, Shi-gen, maker's name. 
 Diam. 6 in. [PL XVII. 232.] 1336. 
 
 Diminutive Box, in the form of the bud of the nelumbium, of 
 which the leaf forms the base. White glazed Japanese pottery. 
 Within the cover is inscribed, Kan-shin sahu. "Made by 
 Kanshin." H. 2\ in. 1337. 
 
 Cylindrical Cup. White Japanese stoneware, painted in 
 colours with gilding in a sketchy manner, with a duck and grass. 
 Mark, stamped Mahiiu, that is Makuzu-gahara, a place in 
 Kioto, H. 3f in., diam. 3^ in. [PI. XVII. 233.] 1338. 
 
186 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESK POTTERY. 
 
 Incense Btjbnee, in the form of a man grinding tea. Japanese 
 pottery; the flesh of the figure is left dull and coloul-ed to 
 nature ; the drapery glazed and painted with flowers in faint 
 colours ; the mill forms a small box to contain incense, and has 
 a cover. Kidto ware. H. 85 in. 1339. 
 
 GoTJKD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Gray Japanese pottery partially covered 
 with a brown glaze, on which are represented in gold six 
 monkeys ; some of the details coarsely enamelled in green and 
 red. Probably Ki6to ware. H. 3| in. 1340. 
 
 Bottle, in the shape of the fruit of the egg plant. Japanese 
 pottery, covered with a dark brown streaky glaze. H. 8 in. 
 
 1341. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase, with two handles and loose rings. Ja- 
 panese stoneware. The greater portion of the exterior unglazed 
 and enamelled with growing plants, a bird, &c. ; round the 
 neck a band of diapers in colours and gold. Mark, stamped in 
 an oval, Sei-shi, maker's name. Kidto ware. H. 8 in. [PI. 
 XVII. 234.] 1342. 
 
 Teapot, flattened at the sides. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, 
 painted in colours with gilding ; five panels of various forms, 
 shape of fans, &c., on which are silkworms and flowers. Under 
 the handle is inscribed, Yoshida Hosai fude. " The seal of 
 Yoshida Hosai." Kioto ware. H. 5 in., L. 6^ in. 1343. 
 
 Incense Burner, in the form of a kuge or courtier's cap. Fine 
 Japanese pottery, painted in brown with gilding ; the smoke 
 escapes by two pierced openings in the upper part. Mark, 
 incised, Aka-shi, name of a place in the province of Harima. 
 H. 6 in. [PI. XVII. 235.] 1344, 
 
 Plate. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, with the Kiku-mon or 
 chrysanthemum badge of Japan, outlined in brown. Said to be 
 Nabeshima ware. Diam. 6| in. 1345. 
 
 Dish, in the form of a peach. Grey Japanese stoneware, rough 
 and unglazed ; a stalk and leaves in relief slightly coloured. 
 Said to be Nabeshima ware. Diam. 6^ in. 1346. 
 
 Jak. Yellow Japanese pottery, covered with a pale green glaze ; 
 on one side are represented in relief a cook and a hen on a drum, 
 all in natural colours, with lacquer work on the drum. Said to 
 be old Kishiu ware. H. 6^ in. 1347. 
 
 Grotesque Figure, seated on a tortoise. Japanese pottery, 
 covered with a brown glaze. Mark, stamped, Gan, part of 
 a maker's name. Probably Ohi ware. H. 5^ in., L, 12 in. 
 [PI. XVII. 236.] 1348. 
 
 Figure of a Sacred Tortoise, with three tama or jewels on his 
 back. Brown Japanese earthenware, with the jewels enamelled 
 white. Mark, stamped, Sei-ji, the maker's name. L. 5| in. 
 
 1349, 
 
CLASS VIII. JAPANESE POTTERY. 187 
 
 Paib of Cups and Covers. Grey Japanese stoneware, coarsely 
 painted in colours with trunks and branches of trees. Mark, 
 in brown, Inu-yama, name of the factory. Diam. 4 in. fPl. 
 XVII. 237.] 1360. 
 
 This factory is at the village of Inaki, county of Niwa, province of Owari, 
 but it is not known vrhen it was founded. Both pottery and porcelain 
 were made there. 
 
 Two QuADKANGULATt Canistbes. Glazed Japanese pottery, with 
 designs in low relief; panels with flowers. One of the canister^ 
 covered with a brown glaze, has an ivory lid; the other, 
 covered with a turquoise glaze, a white earthenware lid. 
 Kishiu ware. H. 2\ in, 1351. 
 
 Paie of Diminutive Teapots. Fine red Japanese stoneware ; 
 on the bottom is impressed a dragon, within the lids Sui-hei, 
 probably the maker's name ; on the sides of the lids, Ko-kioku, 
 " Tax office," and on the handles, Kin-yei, a name. L. 3f in. 
 
 1852. 
 
 Basin. Pale red Japanese pottery, covered with a granulated 
 chocolate coloured glaze, imitating leather. Mark, incised, 
 Nikko, the name of a place near Tokio. Diam. 6|- in. [PI. 
 XVII. 238.] 1353. 
 
 Small Flower Pot. Pale grey Japanese stoneware, partially 
 covered with a pale yellow glaze, with hexagonal ornaments and 
 storks in brown. Mark, impressed, Shu-zan, the maker's name. 
 H. 2^ in. [PL XVII. 239.] 1354. 
 
 Upright Teapot. White glazed Japanese stoneware ; on one side 
 are inscribed two verses. H. 6-| in. 1355. 
 
 Teapot, of a trefoil shape. Grey Japanese stoneware, with orna- 
 ments in white slip, and at the back an inscription, Nani-wa 
 cha-mise Matsu-no-o. " The Matsu-no-o (Old fir tree) tea 
 house at Nani-wa." Naniwa is the old name for Osaka. Handle 
 of vegetable fibre bound with wire. H. 7 in., L. 8 in. 1356. 
 
 Basket-shaped Vessel. Grey glazed Japanese stoneware ; 
 inside is a view of Fusi-yama, painted in black and white with 
 the artist's seal in red, Kio-taru no ing, " The seal of Kiotaru." 
 Mark, stamped, So-bai tei, the name of the house. L. 8 in. 
 [PI. XVII. 240.] 1357. 
 
 Water Vessel for a writing apparatus. Glazed Japanese 
 pottery, coloured and representing a hod, convolvulus flowers, 
 and a butterfly. Mark, stamped in a hexagon, Zen, the beginning 
 of the maker's name. L. 3^ in. [PI. XVII. 241.] 1358. 
 
 Peach-shaped Teat. Japanese pottery, covered with a fine 
 yellow glaze ; two leaves coloured green. Fujina ware, made 
 at Madzu-ye, province ofjdsumo. L. 3^ in. 1359. 
 
 Tea Box. Fine white Japanese pottery, with a smooth yeUow 
 glaze. Fujina ware, made at Madsu-ye, province of Idsumo. 
 H. 2| in. 1360. 
 
188 GLASS VIII. — JAPANB8B POTTERY. 
 
 Cylindrical Saki Pot. I'ellow glnzed Japanese pottery, 
 with a patch of green towards the upper part. On one side is 
 drawn in outline a gourd plant and an inscription, Gen-sho sai 
 Ho-in gen, " The seal of the Ho-in (Buddhist priest) of the 
 Gen-sho house," perhaps used by the priest instead of his own 
 name. Overarching wicker handle. Fujina ware made at 
 Madsu-ye, province of Idsumo. H. 6 in. 1361. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Rude Japanese pottery, grey with patches of red, 
 
 *so as to imitate the partial firing of early pieces. Mark, stamped 
 
 at the side, in the seal character, Ho-raku, the name of a 
 
 factory near Nagoya, province of Owari. H. 3^ in.,diam.4| in. 
 
 [PL XVm. 256.1 1362. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Grey glazed Japanese stoneware, crackled, and 
 slightly iridescent ; on one side is painted a red fish ( Tai) ; on 
 the other is engraved in outline and gilt a fishing rod and fish 
 basket; the rim of the foot has two nicks cut in it. Mark, 
 stamped Ho-raku, name of a factory near Nagoya, province of 
 Owari. H. 3| in., diam. 4^ in. [PI. XVIII. 256.] 1363. 
 
 Chaecoal Burner. Pale Japanese pottery, covered with a green- 
 ish yellow glaze ; one half of the top is covered with openwork 
 representing a dragon and a fish ; a frill round the edge similar to 
 European pottery. On the bottom is engraved an inscription 
 to the following effect : — " Copied by Toyosnke in private after 
 the style of a barbarous country at the desire of K'wa-giu." 
 Toyosuke founded in 1820 the Horaku fabric near Nagoya, pro- 
 vince of Owari. Diam. 5|- in. 1364. 
 
 Basin. Red Japanese pottery, covered with a semi-transpai-ent 
 glaze ; the outside is ornamented with Japanese writing in 
 black, written in a very irregular manner. Mark, stamped, 
 Go-raktt yen sei, " Made at the Go-raku house." Said to be 
 out of t"he palace of the Prince of Milo. H. 5 in., diam. 7 in. 
 [PI. XVIII. 257.J 1365. 
 
 Jar. Japanese pottery, covered with a salmon-coloured glaze. 
 Round the body parallel bands of green and red lines, over these 
 two white panels; on one of them the characters, Cho-rakn, 
 " Long enjoyment," surrounded by birds and flowers painted 
 in red and green, and of an European character ; on the other 
 a long inscription in red, being verses on spring, &c., with the 
 title of the work from which they are taken. Lacquer cover. 
 H. 6 in. 1366. 
 
 Square Though. Japanese pottery, crackled, and coated with a 
 pale green glaze, excepting on the bottom, which is yellow ; on 
 various parts are large seal characters impressed and gilt. Mark, 
 stamped Kik-ko, the maker's name. Raku ware, made at Osaka. 
 H. 4:iin., W. 7 in. [PI. XVU. 242.] 1367. 
 
 Square Vessel. Japanese pottery, covered with a bright green 
 glaze, crackled ; within and on the sides are large seal charac- 
 ters impressed and gilt, viz., Fuku, " Happiness ; " Tsuru, 
 
CLASS Vin. — JAPANESE POTTBBZ. 189 
 
 " Stork ;" and Kame, " Tortoise." Mark, stamped, Kik-ko, the 
 maker's name. Baku ware, made at Osaka. W. 2^ in. 
 (TLXVU.242.] 1368. 
 
 Fak-shaped Trat. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery ; the upper 
 part coated ivith white and crackled. On it two rushes partly 
 engraved and gilt, and partly painted. lUark, stamped, Kik-ko, 
 maker's name. Hakn ware, made at Osaka. W. 9^ in. [Fl. 
 XVn. 243.] . 1369. 
 
 Peach-shaped Teat, on three feet. Yellow glazed Japanese 
 pottery, Tvith two leaves and spots in green. Mark, Kik-ko, 
 maker's name. Baku ware, made at Osaka. L. 3^ in. 
 [PL XVn. 242.] 1370. 
 
 CiBCxn.Ait Box, in the form of a lai^e chrysanthemum flower. 
 Yellow glazed Japanese pottery ; the flowers coloured white with 
 green leaves. Mark, stamped, Ju-san ken, " the Jn-san house." 
 Kaku ware, made at Osaka. Diam. 9^ in. [PL XYII. 244.] 
 
 1371. 
 
 Similar specimens bear the marks Baku and Kihko, and this box 
 ii therefore probably of the Osaka fabric. 
 
 Otal Tbat, with arched handle. Glazed Japanese pottery ; one 
 half green, the other a bri^t brown, divided diagonally. Mark, 
 stamped, K'wan-kei. maker's name. L. &J in. [PL XVII. 245.] 
 
 1372. 
 
 Incesse Btjexek. White glazed Japanese stoneware, slightly 
 crackled. It is copied from bronze, and rests on three feet 
 formed of figures of boys, between which are lions' faces with 
 moveable rings ; on the cover a lion. Mfffk, stamped, illegible. 
 Said to be Satsuma ware. H. 7ia. 1373. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled and 
 painted in colours, with gilding; inside a diaper border ; out- 
 side twenty-three figures of Sages. H. 2\ in., diam. 4 in. 
 
 1374. 
 
 Tea Bowi. Grey ^zed Japanese pottery, crackled and painted 
 io colours with gilding ; inside four maUow leaves within a 
 framework of gilding and a border of diaper; the outside covered 
 with bands and borders of rich diapers, among which are scat- 
 tered medallions enclosing flowers. EL 3 in., diam. 4^ in. 1375. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, crackled and painted 
 in green, with a few touches of red and rich gilding ; inside a 
 formal border, ontside bands of various patterns, alternating with 
 repetitions of a serrated pattern. H. 3 in., diam. 4\ in. 1376. 
 
 Tea Bowi,. Pale grey Japanese pottery, crackled and elaborately 
 enamelled in colours with gilding ; inside a bird en a rock, and 
 portions of six elaborate diapers ; outside seven fans with 
 court subjects, and diapers similar to those within. Diam. 4 in. 
 
 1377. 
 
190 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Pale grey Japanese pottery, crackled and elabo- 
 rately enamelled in colours with gilding; inside panels of 
 various forms, with subjects; among them the Chinese story 
 of Sze-ma Kwang, who as a boy rescued a playmate who had 
 fallen into a large vase by breaking a hole in the side of a vase 
 with a stone ; also portions of nine different diapers ; on the 
 outside similar decoration. Diam. 4| in. 1378. 
 
 Ctlindeical Tea Box. Pale yellow glazed Japanese pottery, 
 slightly crackled; round the upper part a band of diaper painted 
 in colours, below scattered leaves in gold. With ivory lid 
 and with its original silk bag. Old Satsuma ware. H. 2^ in., 
 diam. 3 in. 1379. 
 
 Six-sided Tkay. Pale gray Japanese stoneware, ornamented 
 with gilding ; inside two varieties of the badge of the Toku- 
 gawa family, each four times repeated. Underneath is inscribed 
 in gold, Matsudaira Satsuma no Kami, being the title of the 
 prince of Satsuma. Satsuma ware. L. 7 in. 1380. 
 
 Saucek. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled, and painted 
 in colours with gilding ; a bird on a prunus tree and peonies. 
 Mark in grey illegible. Satsuma ware. Diam. 3f in. 1381. 
 
 Plate. Pale glazed Japanese pottery, slightly crackled, painted 
 in colours with gilding ; in the centre four sages and a boy 
 round a table ; border of indented pattern. Diam. 7 J in. 1382. 
 
 Dish. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, enamelled in colours 
 with gilding. A procession of insects escorting a spider in a 
 cage. Diam. 9^ in. 1383. 
 
 Vase, with narrow neck and spreading lip. Cream-coloured 
 Japanese pottery, crackled, and painted in colours with gilding. 
 On the body a rocky, landscape with the waves of the sea, among 
 which are a lady richly dressed, a child, and three other figures; 
 borders of formal patterns. Mark, impressed within a gourd, 
 Mahuzu Ko-zan sei. "Made by Kozan of Makuzu." Ota 
 ware. H. 12 in. [PI. XVIII. 260.] 1384. 
 
 CYLINDRICAL Pot AND Cover. Cream coloured Japanese pottery, 
 painted in colours, with rich gilding ; seventeen sacred person- 
 ages with attendants, &c. On the cover a dragon floating 
 among clouds, and the badge of the Tokugawa family in gold. 
 Modern Satsuma ware, painted at Tokio. H. 7 in. 1385. 
 
 Figure of a Buddhist ascetic. Fine Japanese pottery, painted 
 in colours, with gilding. He is seated on a rock, and holds in 
 his left hand a staff, on which is part of a skull. Mark, stamped, 
 illegible. H. 5^ in. 1386. 
 
 Incense Vase. Japanese stoneware, partially covered with a 
 brown glaze. Said to be old Satsuma ware. Ivory cover ; silk 
 bag. H. 3| in. 1387. 
 
CLASS IX. — SIAMESE PORCELAIN. 191 
 
 Bowl. Grej glazed Japanese stoneware, with three characters 
 in high relief, Ko-ka tsiichi, " Koka earth." Satsuma ware. 
 16th century. Diam. 4f in. 1388. 
 
 Ou the lid of the box containing this specimen is the following 
 inscription in Japanese : — " When our ancient Lord Simadu Ycshi- 
 hiro went to Corea with the expedition of Toyotomi Taiko [1592], 
 he took water of the River Koka [in Corea] with him in his ship, and 
 in order to prevent its becoming had, the earth was taken up from 
 the bottom of the river and put into the water vessel. On coming 
 back to Japan he ordered a potter to make five tea bowls of this 
 earth, of which this is one. 5th month, 15th year of Bun-kua 
 (1818). Written by Soti of Iti-zi-an, of the clan of Satsuma." 
 
 Pair ob; Canisters, with flat covers. Grey Japanese stoneware, 
 covered with a brownish purple glaze, with patches of dark 
 brown and yellowish white. Perhaps Satsuma ware. H. 3A in. 
 
 1389. 
 
 Bowl. Buff-coloured Japanese pottery, crackled, and painted in 
 colours with rich gilding ; inside a wavy border; outside 
 Japanese armour, a drum, and a bell, the latter inscribed with 
 the date of the 9th year of the nengo Mei-ji = A.D. 1876. 
 Diam. 4^ in. 1390. 
 
 Square Vase and Cover. Japanese cream-coloured ware, 
 painted in red and blue, with gilding ; on the bottom and top is 
 a raised ring, surrounded by a blue band of various diapers, 
 inscribed : — " The longevity of the pine tree and the age of 
 the stork. Many happinesses." From these proceed six dia- 
 gonal flowing bands with diapers in red, and two varieties of 
 an armorial badge in eold. Mark, Fuku, " Happiness." [PI. XI., 
 fig. 135.] H. 3fin., W. 4iin. 1391. 
 
 In Mr. Mitford's collection was a eimilar vase, which he describes 
 as having been " made at the Satsuma potteries, to commemorate 
 a visit of the IPrinoe of Higo, whose armorial bearings it carries." 
 
 CLASS IX.— SIAMESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Bowl ani> Cover. ' Siamese porcelain of a grey paste, painted 
 in colours ; on the outside of both, a broad band with two narrow 
 borders ; on each band, four medallions enclosing half-lengths 
 of divinities on a red ground ; between them, animals with 
 female heads, and flame-like ornaments on a black ground. 
 H. 7| in., diam. 6 in. 1392. 
 
 Bowl. Siamese porcelain of a grey paste, painted in colours, the 
 only part of the paste left visible is under the foot ; inside, an 
 eightfbil surrounded by a red band on a green ground, and two 
 narrow borders ; outside, a broad band with two narrow borders, 
 on it three medallions enclosing half-lengths of divinities on 
 a red gi-ound ; between them, animals with female heads, and 
 flame-like ornaments on a black ground. H. 3 in., diam. 5^ in. 
 
 1393. 
 
 A 167. 
 
192 CLASS X.— ORIENTAL POHOELAIN, FOREIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 Globttlak Pot and Covek. Oriental porcelain, painted in 
 colours in the Siamese style ; formal diaper of flowers in dark 
 red, blue, and green, with red Unes, edges, and knob. H. 3^ in., 
 diam. 3 in. Brought from Japan. 1394. 
 
 CLAl'5S X.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN AVITH FOREIGN 
 DESIGNS. 
 
 Section A. — Plain White. 
 
 Figure on Horseback. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. It 
 represents an European in the dress of the 17ch century, who 
 has held in his right hand a sword of which the hilt only 
 remains. The figure is turned in the saddle, and the horse's head 
 is also turned ; hat lost. H. llf in. 1395. 
 
 Figure op a Soldier, in a strange European costume. Ivory 
 white Chinese porcelain. Steatite pedestal. H. 6| in. 1396. 
 
 Water Vessel for an ink apparatus. Ivory white Chinese 
 porcelain. The vessel forms a hexagonal base and is sur- 
 mounted by a figure of a man, in European costume and wearing 
 a three-cornered hat, sitting in the attitude of Buddha ; before 
 him, a pot of flowers, a stork, &c. On the pedestal, impressed 
 figures of the hare gazing at the moon, a nelumbium, &c. 
 H. 3 in. 1397. 
 
 Section B Painted in Blue. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, in imitation of Dutch 
 delft pottery ; on the body three cupids' heads in relief, picked 
 out with blue; between them are painted flowers. H. 4-^ in. 
 
 1397a. 
 
 Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, in the centre, 
 a kylin ; round the edge, a blue band inscribed A hollah- 
 der HOLLANDER ; the outside divided into six compart- 
 ments of various sizes, being repetitions of an elephant, u 
 Dutchman reading, and a Dutchman walking, all in white on a 
 blue ground. H. 3-|- in., diam. 6f in. 1398. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with a Dutch 
 design known as the Koekoek in het Huisje (the cuckoo in the 
 house), a small building on a platform with trees and plants, 
 above which a plant ; wreath border. Mark, the lozenge sym- 
 bol. Diam. 8 in. [PI. A. 4.] 1399. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a shield 
 of arms, viz., two bars charged with three trefoils slipped, in 
 chief a greyhound courant. Palmer; on a inescutcheon a 
 chevron between three fleurs-de-lys. Inner border of a quatre- 
 foil diaper with five medallions, enclosing cruciform ornaments, 
 beyond which five flowering plants and a narrow border. 
 Diam. 9 in. 1400. 
 
SECTION C. — PAINTED IN OOtOUES. 193 
 
 Section C. — Painted in Colouks. 
 
 Paik op Vases and Covers, of European form. Chinese porce- 
 lain, with designs outlined in blue under the glaze, and coloured 
 with blue and green enamel and gilt bands ; hanging festoons. 
 H. 11 in. 1401. 
 
 OvrpoBM Vase. Chinese eggshell porcelain. The body decorated 
 with running scrolls and borders in blue under the - glaze, 
 all picked out with gold, and leaving two panels in which are 
 painted in colours European subjects, closely copied from 
 Meissen porcelain, being landscapes with figures and water. 
 H. 7| in. . 1402. 
 
 Punch Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gild- 
 ing from European designs ; inside, six figures erecting a corn- 
 stack ; border of purple diaper painted with flowers and butter- 
 flies ; outside, two large panels I'epresenting harvesting, and a 
 smaller panel of the harvest feast, under which is inscribed 
 HARVEST HOME ; in the corresponding panel is written J. C. 
 in cypher, feldbn farm, and below, the date 1779. The 
 spaces between are filled with a diaper in gold on a red ground, 
 edged with Chinese scroll-work of dragons, &c. H. 6 in., 
 Mam. 141 in. 1403. 
 
 From Lord Exmouth's collection ; noticed by Mr. Chaffers as a, 
 specimen of Lowestoft. Compare No. 625 6. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding, from 
 a design by Francesco Albani, and representing the element 
 Mre ; above is Venus in a car with lighted torches ; below, 
 the smithy of Vulcan, who is reclining at one side ; near him, 
 Jupiter foi'ging his thunderbolts, but pierced with an arrow by 
 one of the numerous cupids, who are represented forging 
 arrows, &c. ; border, a Chinese scroll in gold. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 1404. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding, from 
 a design by Francesco Albani, and representing the element 
 Air ; above, Juno in her car, with a rainbow. Iris, &c. ; below 
 is .^olus, opening a door of the caves of the winds, represented 
 by a cupid ; border, a Chinese scroll in gold. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 1405. 
 
 These two plates are very grotesquely painted from bad copies of the 
 famous pictures of the elements, painted by Francesco Albani for 
 the Cardinal Maurice of Savoy, and now in the gallery at Turin. 
 The colouring seems to have been left to the Chinese artist. The 
 subjects are engraved in Landon, Vies et (Euvres des Peintres, 
 and are fully described in letters from Albani to the cardinal, 
 printed in Malvasia, Felsina pittrice, torn. II., p. 235. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in blue and brown after 
 European designs; in the centre, a spaniel jumping ; border of 
 a quatrefoil pattern interrupted by four medallions, enclosing 
 parrots and other birds. Diam. 9 in. 1406. 
 
 2 
 
194 OLA88 X. — ORIENTAL POBCELAIN, FOREIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black from an European 
 design ; in tlie centre, Aurora in her chariot. Border, three 
 sprigs of ilowers and a coat of arms, viz., three bars ermine, in 
 chief as many roundels. Diam. 9J in. 1407. 
 
 Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain enamelled in colours, with 
 gilding ; on the upper part, a circular medallion enclosing a coat 
 of arms with helmet and mantlings, viz., or, a fess between 
 six griffins' heads erased gules ; crest, a griflBn errninois ; 
 below this, two cocks on rocks from which spring large 
 peonies ; the whole of this design forms a sixfoil-shaped panel, 
 leaving spaces filled with black diaper on a pink ground ; 
 border of a black diaper on a green ground, interrupted by 
 four medallions enclosing dragons. Diam. 8| in. 1408. 
 
 Oblong Dish, -with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in 
 colours, with gilding, in a rococo style ; in the centre, the arms 
 of Mecklenburg under a crown, with the collars of the orders 
 of the Elephant of Denmark and St. Andrew of Russia; 
 supporters, a bull and a griffin. Two scroll-work borders, the 
 inner one with four peacocks. L. 11 in. 1409. 
 
 These are probably the arms of Christian Louis, Duke of Mecklenburg- 
 Schwerin, 173.5-1756. The collar of the Elephant alone appears on 
 his coins of 1749, but the St. Andrew in 1754. The service of which 
 this dish forms part was therefore probably made between 1750 and 
 1756, the date of his death. 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding and 
 silvering ; in the centre, a large achievement of arms, two 
 shields, accolles, viz. : 1, vert, a tower arg. ; 2, per fess arg. and 
 bendy arg. and gu., a fess gu., in chief, an eagle displayed sa. ; 
 a helmet with mantlings sunnounted by a crest, a demi-lion 
 rampant arg. issuing from a ducal coronet or ; supporters, two 
 greyhounds regardant ppr. collared or. On the border, a lozenge 
 enclosing the second coat of the central achievemen t, two shields 
 with the first coat, and the arms : viz., on a bend between six 
 animals, three escallops ; crest, a red object between two tusks 
 issuing out of a ducal coronet; on each side, a bird sable; 
 between these various devices are scrolls and drapery of Euro- 
 pean design. Diam. 9 in. 1410. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in 
 the centre, water plants and birds ; inner border of diaper work 
 in red and gold, interrupted by four medallions enclosing flowers 
 and insects ; outer border with dragons, fishes, and birds faintly 
 outlined in blue under the glaze ; narrow band of gold diaper 
 near the rim, interrupted to make room for a crest : on a tower 
 arg. an eagle displayed sa. holding in its claw a millrind. 
 Diam. 9 in. 1411. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding and 
 sUvering ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., arg. a lion rampant, 
 gu. marked on ihe breast with a star of six points or ; helmet, 
 mantlings, and crest, a wheel, or ; on the border, the crest 
 repeated, and three groups of shells, flowers, &c. Diam. 8| in. 
 
 1412. 
 
SECTION G. — PAINTED IN COLOUHa. 195 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in 
 the centre, a large coat of arms, ^ iz., sab. three escallops in pale 
 arg., Biss, impaling, az. three griffins' heads erased arg. Bill ? 
 mantlings and crest, two snakes embowed ; motto, sis FvELIx 
 BIS ; border of black diaper with plain or gold grounds, inter- 
 rupted by six medallions enclosing alternately flowers and 
 butterflies. Diatn. 8| in. 1413. 
 
 Octagonal Soup Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding ; in the centre the arms of the Anti-Gallican 
 Society ; crest, Britannia seated ; motto, ST. geonge {sic) 
 AND OLD ENGLAND ; below, a panel with clasped hands ; two 
 borders in gold. Diam. 8f in. 1414. 
 
 Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours, with gild- 
 ing ; outside, the arms of the Anti-Gallican Society, viz., 
 gules. Si. George on horseback, spearing the shield of France ; 
 crest, Britannia among flags; supporters, a lion rampant and 
 a two-headed eagle ; motto, fob our country. Diam. 3 in. 
 
 1415. 
 
 Octagonal Soup ]?late. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, 
 with gilding : in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., or, on a chev. 
 engrailed sa. between three ogresses, each charged with a martlet 
 of the first, a fleur-de-lys enclosed by a pair of coneys courant 
 incontrant, arg. Flight or Flye ; helmet, mantlings, and crest, 
 a hand gloved, holding a hawk's lure or ; motto, dbi tuta- 
 men tutus ; two formal borders in gilding. Diam. 9 in. 
 
 1416. 
 
 Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., gules, three wolves' 
 heads erased, arg., with a naked figure in chains attached to 
 the bottom of shield, Robertson, of Kindeace, co. Boss ; helmet 
 mantlings and crest, a hand supporting a royal crown, over 
 which the motto viktutis gloria merges ; supporters, 
 a serpent and au eagle ; motto, wise as the serpent. 
 iiAUMLiss {sic) AS THE DOVE ; border, of European design, 
 a running pattern of flowers and wreaths. Diam. 9^ in. 1417. 
 
 Octagonal PLATiS. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; in the centre, a shield of arms, viz., sa. a chevron 
 ermine between three bulls' heads cabossed, arg., a cinquefoil for 
 difierence, Saunders, impaling ermine on a canton gu. a bird 
 with raised wings or ; crest, a demi-buU sa., charged on the 
 shoulder with a cinquefoil or. Gilt borders. Diam. 8^- in. 
 
 1418. 
 
 Octagonal Plate. Chiflege porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., erm. on a chief 
 indented gu. three ducal coronets or, Leach or Ackworth; im- 
 paling sa. on a chevron or, between three pistols ppr. three 
 roses gu. Hopkins ; helmet with mantlings, and crest, an arm 
 
196 CLASS X. — OBIENTAL POECELAIN, FOKEIGN DESIGNS. 
 
 issuing out of a ducal coronet, or, grasping a snake vert. ; the 
 shield rests on a bracket with a garland of flowers and two 
 small vases, on which peacocks are perched ; on the border, 
 sprigs of flowers. Diam. 3| in. 1419. 
 
 Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., gyronny or and 
 sable, a crescent for difference, Campbell, it is attached to the 
 mast of the lymphad of Lome ; crest, a boar's head or ; motto, 
 FIT VIA VI. Border of a minute pattern in blue over the 
 glaze and in relief. Diam. 9;^ in. 1420. 
 
 Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., az. on a fess cotised 
 or, three leopards' faces gu., Lee, of Delce, co. Kent ; crest, a 
 demi-maiden holding a ring ; motto, soli deo gloeia. Bor- 
 der of floral festoons, of European pattern. Diam. 7f in. 1421. 
 
 Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; 
 in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., sa. three pots arg. ; crest, 
 an eagle displayed, issuing from a ducal coronet ; Genor or 
 Geriare, co. Lincoln ; four detached sprigs of flowers. Border 
 of zigzags in green and gold, with the initials R. G. in cypher, 
 and sprigs of flowers in colours and white enamel. Diam. 6^ in. 
 
 1422. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in red ; minute pattern con- 
 sisting of four groups of flowers and vases ; border of butter- 
 flies and diapers ; in the centre is a crest, a dexter arm holding 
 a truncheon proper ; enclosed is a garter inscribed je le 
 MAiNTiENDRAi, iVes6i«, of Lismore. Diam. 6^ in. 1423. 
 
 Part of a service made in China in 1810-1820 for General Alexander 
 Nesbitt, then Quartermaster-General in the island of Mauritius. 
 
 Oblong Tba-Caddy, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain, 
 enamelled in colours, with gilding. On each of the long sides, a 
 circular medallion in blue, enclosing the letters C. S. in cypher 
 under a foreign coronet, with palm branches at the sides; ground, 
 a diaper in brown and gold ; at the ends, the same cypher on a 
 turquoise shield ; the angles and cover with flowers and scrolls. 
 H. 41 in. 1424. 
 
 Milk Pot, from an eggshell service. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with gilding ; in front, a coat of arms, apparently 
 Spanish ; four coats quarterly, ot which the first is or ou a 
 bend vert, three half-roses of the first ; ensigned with a coronet 
 and enclosed with a cord. H. 4|- in. 1425. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in 
 colours, with gilding ; on each, a coat of arms, viz., or three 
 flowers growing out of a field vert. ; above, a crest similar to the 
 arms, ensigned by a coronet ; mantlings or and gu. Gilt, 
 floral borders. Diam. 2| in., 4| in, 1426. 
 
SECTIOir C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 197 
 
 Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding ; a coat of arms, viz., 1 and 4, or, three bars wavy gu. ; 2 
 and 3, or, a lion's head erased within a tressure gu., Drummond, 
 impaling the royal arms, debruised by a baton sinister gu., charged 
 with three roses arg., Beauclerk, helmet, mantlings, and crest, a 
 hawk holding in its claw a laurel wreath ; motto, virtutem 
 CORONAT HONOS. Border of trefoil pattern. Diam. 4| in. 
 
 1427. 
 Part of a service made in China for John Drummond, of Stanmore, 
 M.P., born 1723, married, 1744, Charlotte, daughter of Lord 
 William Beauelerk, and died in 1774. 
 
 Cup, Saucer, and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding, in the centre of saucer, and on 
 the outside of cups, a coat of arms, viz., az. three griffins passant 
 in pale or, Wythe, of Norfolk ; crest, a griffiu rampant or, 
 holding a spear on which is impaled a boar's head az. ; helmet, 
 mantlings, and scrolls, with flowers ; gilt border. Diam. of 
 saucer, o in.; of cups, 3 in., 21 in. 1428. 
 
 Cup, Saucer, and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding, in the centre of saucer, and on 
 the outside of cups, a coat of arms, viz., az. three griffins passant 
 in pale or, Wythe, of Norfolk, on an inescutcheon, quarterly : 
 1 and 4, arg. a heron proper issuing from rushes, on a chief 
 gu. three stars or, Lubbock, of Norfolk j 2 and 3, az. a lion 
 rampant gardant arg., Palgrave; crest, a grifiSn rampant or, 
 holding a spear on which is impaled a boar's head az. ; helmet, 
 mantlings, and scrolls, with flowers ; gilt border. Diam. of 
 saucer, 6 in.; of cups, 3 in., 2\ in. 1429. 
 
 The lady -whose arms appear on the inescutcheon was probably a 
 descendant from Richard Lubbock, mayor of Norwich, as he mar- 
 ried Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Palgrave ; he died in 1717, and 
 is buried in St. George's Colgate, Norwich, where these arms 
 occur. 
 
 Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in 
 the centre, a coat of arms, viz., az. two bars wavy erm. on a 
 chief or, a demi-lion rampant sa. ; crest, an ostrich arg. holding 
 in its beak a horseshoe or. Smith, of Hough, co. Chester ; motto, 
 TIEN TA foy. Diam. 5.^ in. 1430. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with 
 gilding and silvering ; on each of them, a shield of arms, viz., 
 arg. a chevron sa. between three torteaux, Blair, of Balthyock, 
 CO. Perth; crest, a dove with its wings expanded proper; 
 motto, viRTUTB TUTUS ; bordcrs of gilt scroll-work. Diam. 
 31 in., 51 in. 1431. 
 
 Coffee Cup, from an eggshell service. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in colours, with gilding ; in front, a medallion with a 
 bust of an European lady in the costume of the reign of Queen 
 Anne ; border of gilt scroll-work, and detached sprigs of 
 flowers. H. 2^in. 1432. 
 
198 CLASS XI. — OEIENTAL BORCELAIN, &C. IN EUKOPM. 
 
 Cup. Chinese porcelain ; in front, a medallion in red, enclosing a 
 lady and two children in European costume, probably copied 
 from an English print; at the back, the letters S. A. G. in 
 cypher. Diam. 3| in. 1433. 
 
 Coffee Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding, 
 from an English design by Stothard ; a group of children, one 
 of whom is trying to catch a butterfly. Diam. 2 in. 1434. 
 
 Set op thbee Cylindrical Mugs, in various sizes. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; the handles are 
 formed of two interlacing bands ; around the upper part, a broad 
 border of bluo diaper; in front, the arms, crest, and supporters 
 of Baron Vere of Hanworth, being Beauclerk quartering Vere ; 
 motto, TERO NIL VERius ; on each side, a shield with mantlings, 
 enclosing the initials H. R. V. H. 6 in., b\ in., 4| in. 1435. 
 Lord Vere Beauclerk, third son of the first Duke of St. Alban's, hy 
 the heiress of the Earls of Orford, was created Lord Vere of Han- 
 worth in 1750, and died in 1781. He was succeeded in the title by 
 his son Aubrey, who became, fifth Duke of St. Alban's in 1787. 
 The initials do not, however, seem to suit either of the barons. 
 
 Pair of Octagonal Salt Cellars. Chinese porcelain, painted 
 in colours, with gilding ; in the bowls, a Portuguese or 
 Spanish coat of arms, viz., 1, or, three crowns gu. ; 2 and 3, 
 or, a tower between two lions rampant gu.; 4, per saltire bendy 
 or and gu., and or inscribed avb ma. ; on the sides, festoons of 
 European design upside down. L. 3^ in. 1436. 
 
 Long Octagonal Salt Cellar. Chinese porcelain, pencilled 
 in black ; in the bowl, Neptune in his car ; at each end, a flower- 
 ing branch ; on one, side, a coat of arms, viz., az. a stag's head 
 cabossed, Mackenzie ; motto, data eata {sic) secutus ; on 
 the other side, a crest, a mountain in flames ; motto, luceo 
 NON URO. L. 3^ in. 1437. 
 
 Long Octagonal Salt Cellar. Chinese porcelain, pencilled 
 in black ; in the bowl, Aurora in her car ; on the sides, three 
 flowering branches and a shield, viz., three bars erm. in chief 
 three roundels. L. 3^ in. 1438. 
 
 Covered Cup, with two handles, and Saucer. Chinese porce- 
 lain, copied from a Derby pattern ; decorated with gilt sprigs, 
 green wreaths, and broad borders composed of yellow bands, 
 with gilding. H. 6 in., diam. 3;^^ in., Q\ in. 1439. 
 
 CLASS XL— ORIENTAL POKCELAIN DECORATED 
 IN EUROPE. 
 
 Vase. Chinese porcelain, ornamented with two large and two 
 small quadrangular panels, unpainted, the spaces between them 
 coloured blue under the glaze. H. 14 in. 1440. 
 
 This is exhibited to illustrate the state of Oriental porcelain when sent 
 to Europe to be decorated. The blue ground only has been pre- 
 pared, the panels left white to be painted in colours. 
 
CLASS XI. — OKIENTAL rORCELAlN, &C. IN EUROPE. 199 
 
 Cur AND Saucer. ChineHe porcelain, decorated in Europe, with 
 careful paintings in sepia colour ; on the cup is a castle built on the 
 edge of the water, before which arc ships, the largest of which 
 is saluting with broadsides ; on the stern is a small coat of 
 arms, apparently a hand holding a ring, with the same device as 
 a crest, issuing out of two wings. On the saucer is a three- 
 masted ship in full sail ; in the distance, a castle and another 
 ship ; in one corner is scratched the same coat of arms as on 
 the stern of the ship ; beneath, two coats of arms also painted 
 in sepia, viz. : 1. Three fishes naiant in pale ; crest, a hat with 
 feathers. 2, A chief, over all a palm tree between three heads 
 and three cups; crest, a palm tree. Diam. 3 in., 5 in. 1441. 
 
 The designs resemble those executed on glass vessels by John Sohaper, 
 of Niimberg, 1 6 60-1 675 . 
 
 Cup and Sauces. Chinese porcelain, decorated in red, with 
 gilding, probably at Meissen ; Chinese figures amongst scrolls 
 and birds, all of European design. Mark," the lozenge symbol. 
 Diam. 31 in., 5\ in. [PI. A. 4.] 1442. 
 
 Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, with bands of blue diaper 
 under the glaze, and a few lines moulded in relief ; over this has 
 been added a decoration in red and gold, probably at Meissen, 
 representing Chinese figures among scrolls and birds, all of 
 European design. Diam. 3^ in., 5^ in. 1443. 
 
 Cup and Sauceb. Chinese porcelain, with bands of blue diaper 
 and patterns moulded under the glaze ; over this a decoration 
 has been added in colours and gilding, in Holland, in the 
 Japanese style, a red tiger and a prunus tree springing out of 
 rocks, with banded hedges. Diam. 3^ in., 5^ in. 1444. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, probably in Hol- 
 land, in a Japanese style ; a man holding by the reins a har- 
 nessed stag ; behind him, a man carrying a pot with a plant on 
 his back ; in front, a flowering tree growing in a square stand. 
 No mark, but engraved in the paste N=64 and a square, 
 being the number of the Dresden collection. Diam. 8^ in. 
 
 1445. 
 
 Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, probably in Hol- 
 land, in a Japanese style ; a stag lodged held by a woman 
 standing near a table and plants. No mark, but engraved in 
 the paste N=:63 and a square, being the number of the 
 Dresden collection. Diam. 9 in. 1446. 
 
 Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted with flowers in blue under the 
 
 glaze, and subsequently decorated with colours and gilding, in 
 
 Holland; inside, bunches of flowers and insects; outside, plants 
 
 growing from rocks, and busts of the Prince and Princess of 
 
 Orange, inscribed Pr. Anna, Pr. W. H. F. Diam. o| in. 1447. 
 
 William Henry Friso (William IV.), Prince of Orange, was born 
 
 1711 ; married in 1734 Anne, daughter of George II., and -was 
 
 elected Stadholder of the Netherlands in 1747. He died in 1751. 
 
 This was probably painted shortly after the marriage. 
 
200 CLASS XII. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN, &C. 
 
 Coffee Cup and Saucer. White Chinese porcelain, painted 
 subsequently in colours at Chelsea, with bunches of flowers, 
 insects, &c. On the saucer is the original mark in blue of the 
 period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. (2.2.2.) Diara. 2i in., 4^ in. 
 [PI. II. 15.] 1448. 
 
 Cup aki) Saucer and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porce- 
 lain, decorated at Bow. On them a coat of arms, viz., erminois 
 three wolves' heads erased sa, Hayes, of London ; crest, a wolf 
 erminois ; around, palm branches and wreaths of flowers. Diam. 
 3 in., 4f in., 2J in. 1449. 
 
 CLASS Xn.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN IN COMBINA- 
 TION WITH OTHEE SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Bottle-shaped Vase. Chinese porcelain, coated with black 
 lacquer. On it is a landscape inlaid with pearl shell, " Lac 
 burgaute." H. 14^ in. 1450. 
 
 Square Box. Japanese porcelain, covered externally with 
 
 cloisonne enamel. White storks and clouds on a bluish-green 
 
 ground. Diam. 2 in. 1451. 
 
 This specimen has the appearance of gieater age than most of its class, 
 
 and exhibits a less perfect technique. 
 
 Pair of Vases. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled ; on 
 each side a panel with groups of flowers, painted in colours, 
 with gilding; the rest of the surface coated with cloisonne 
 enamel of a Chinese pattern, with flowers and scrolls on a 
 turquoise ground. Mark in red, Kin-ko-zan tsukuru, "made 
 by Kinkozan." Modern Kioto ware. H. 4 in. [Comp. PI. 
 XVIL 231.] 1451a. 
 
 Teapot. Thin Japanese porcelain, marbled in brown and white, 
 and coated externally with metal cloisons like those employed in 
 enamelling, some of them partially filled with coloured glazes. 
 Modern; probably Banko ware. L. 4J in. 1452. 
 
 Conical Cup on a spi'oading base with three feet. The base 
 painted with three phosuixes among clouds, left in white on a 
 blue ground; the body coated with lacquer imitating cloisonne 
 enamel, plants and butterflies on a black ground ; above, a brown, 
 border. Modern ; probably Seto ware. H. 4 in. 1453. 
 
 Teapot. Japanese porcelain, coated with lacquer of a dull black, 
 with shining specks; on it are flowers in gold and silver 
 lacquer. Mark inside lid, Kan-zan sei sei, " Choice manu- 
 facture of Kan-zan." Kioto ware. H. 2| in. [PI. XIV. 180.] 
 
 1454. 
 
 Basin. Japanese porcelain ; inside a medallion painted in blue, 
 enclosing a pattern formed of three flowering branches; the 
 outside coloured brown, and ornamented with water plants 
 
CLASS XII. ORIENTAL PORCELAIN, &C. 201 
 
 traced in gold, and two characters, said to bo armorial 
 badges of an empress. Mark, Nippon Seto Sorai-kutsu sei, 
 " Made at Seto in Japan by Sorai-kutsu." H. 3J in., diam. 
 6-^ in. Seto ware, province of Owari. 1455. 
 
 Cup and Coyek. Japanese porcelain, coated on the outside with 
 black lacquer, on which are two phoenixes and a sprig of flowers 
 in gold ; inside each are three storks painted in blue. Mark, 
 San-han, the maker's name. Diam. 4 in. [PI. XY. 193.] 
 
 1456. 
 
 Saki Bottle, octagonal. Japanese pottery, crackled and covered 
 externally with bright red lacquer ; on the sides, two panels 
 with figures in low relief; groups of saki drinkers, travellers, 
 &c. Mark in black, Ho-zan, the name of the maker. Kioto 
 ware. H. 7^ in. [PI. XVII. 246.] 1457. 
 
 Shallow Bowl, with indented edge, formed of five lobes. Japan- 
 ese pottery ; the inside crackled and rudely painted ; the outside 
 coated with rich red lacquer ; scratched mark in Japanese, 
 Hachi-ju o Ki-raku-sai, '• The eighty year old man Kirakusai." 
 Modern. Diam. 6f in. 1458. 
 
 Dish in the form of a haliotis shell. Japanese pottery, glazed and 
 coated externally with brown lacquer. Mark stamped, Yashima, 
 the name of a place. L. 7 in. [PI. XVII. 247.] 1459. 
 
 Box in the form of a duck. Glazed Japanese pottery. The out- 
 side apparently covered with gold foil, over which is spread a 
 transparent brown lacquer. Mark stamped in a circle, Ka-hin 
 Shi-riu, " The branch factory of the river." L. 2\ in. [PI. 
 XV. 191.J 1460. 
 
 Round Box and Cover. Japanese pottery, crackled; the inside 
 painted with a green border ; the outside coated with black and 
 green lacquer, ornamented with red and gilding; .i medallion in 
 the centre, with two chrysanthemums, around which four leaf- 
 shaped panels, two enclosing a fish and two a formal flower. 
 Mark, stamped, in the seal character, Ilo-raku, the name of 
 fabric. Toyosuke ware, made near Nagoya, province of 
 Owari. Diam. 5 in. [PI. XVII. 248.] 1461. 
 
 Small Jab and Covee, for comfits. Japanese porcelain, of a 
 pearly white, with three medallions in relief, made apparently 
 of lacquer, and gilt ; on each of them a dragon among clouds. 
 Seto ware. H. 31 in. 1462. 
 
 Two Covered Cups and Saucers. Japanese eggshell porce- 
 lain, painted in colours, with flowers, and covered on the out- 
 side with fine basket work. Mark in red, Yamato sei, " Made 
 
 - in Yamato." Diam. 3f in., 4f in. 1463. 
 
202 CIIINR8H I'onCELATN 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 The following specimens wci'o acquired too lato to be insertcJ 
 in their pi'oper places in the Catalogiac. x 
 
 CHINES I-; rORCELAIN. 
 
 Cylindrical Incense Vessel, on thi'co small feet. Ivory while 
 Chinese porcelain. It has a richly (.'iirvcd stand and cover, 
 inlaid with stained ivory, and tlic Littur surmounted l>y a brandi 
 ofcoial H. 3| in., diam. 4 in. 1464. 
 
 Tliis ware is much esteemed in Jii|]aii, whfre it, i«'l<ni)Wip tm S/u'ro 
 Knrai, which mfiy mean "whil(! (Uircuu." If, then^forr, No. 1485 
 is Coreari, this may he almi. 
 
 Vase, the neck of which is gathorcd in to imitate a bag tiitd with 
 a string. Chinese poi'celain, covered with a speckled glaze, 
 like patinated bronze. II. 13^ in. I4t).'j. 
 
 Cylinduical Jab, with flat top and stmall cover, and having two 
 lions' hojids a,» handles. ChinoHo porcelain, with engriivcd 
 ilesigns, covcjred with a light maroon glaze ; four quaLrel'oil 
 medallions, enclosing the following sial characters ; Show, /'h/i, 
 KwarKj, and Niri(j, "Longevity, IlappinehH, Strength, luid 
 Tranquillity," between which are flowers and clouds ; below, 
 a forinid border, and on the top stiff floral pattemn. Muik, on 
 the bottom and within the cover, of the period Koa-tsiug, 
 1.522-1567 (;3.;0. H. Tj in. [I'l. I. 10.] Mfiti. 
 
 Shallow Bowl. Chinese po/c(;lain, eovered with a maroon 
 glaze, slightly irideseent from age. jMark of tlic; jjeriod Kca- 
 tsing, 1522-1.507 (3,3). Dum. 7 in. [PI. 1. ]().] 1467. 
 
 Vase, with two scroll handles; ttje surface moulded lo imitate 
 the petals of the flower of the hibiscus (Rosa Sinensis). 
 Chinese porcelain, covered with a lavender glaze. II. J, 5^ in. 
 
 14(iH. 
 
 Tray, in the Coiin of a cioada (clicv). ('hinese porcelain, 
 moulded in slight relief, aud covered with an irregular brown 
 gl;ize. Mark, in an oval left whi(e, in an ancient seal nharactor, 
 /'i'/: FiM-/a-« c/«', " .Made by Fci V'iii-lan." L. 7^ in. 1469. 
 
 QiADiiAMU/LA/c VaM'-. (jhiiicse porielain, with ornanjents in 
 relief, con/i,-ting of (he mystical trif.'ramH ktiown uh llie JV 
 kwa, placed two on each face, with the Yang-ying between 
 them; all coverrd with a deep blue glaze, fl. .5} in. 1470. 
 
•CHIXE.=E POBCELAIX. 203 
 
 CowniL Pot, moulded into a &iitastic form of a rococo character. 
 Chinese porcelain, with engrared deiigcs. ^azed reflow and 
 pnrple^ the rest corered with a bright green glaze. H. 9i in. 
 
 '1471. 
 
 Sent fhnn Japan as Eoclii ware, the name hx which the piodnctioBS 
 of Cochin China are knoim in ti^t conBtry. 
 
 IscEssi: BirKsrErB, in the form of a figure of the God of Longevi tv, 
 on a detached pedestaL Chinese porcelain, painted in bine ; 
 he has an elongated head, and is ~eaie<l on a stag, on the head 
 of -which he r^its tLs right hand, while in his left he holds a 
 sceptre of longeTity ; on his dress is a eqaate panel enclosing 
 a kylin, and storks among donds : on the pedestal fir trees and 
 bamboos growing ont of rocks, and waves. H. 17 in. 1472. 
 
 The hox belonging to this specimen has on it an inscription statingr 
 that it is Chinese Wan-<iow waie. Ii is, thereSire, prohaWj made 
 in the district of Wan-ctow foo, in the iworiBce cf Che-kiang, 
 trhere a &ctoij is said to have exKted as earij as the Tsin dynasty, 
 A. D. a'JS-^lS. .SecHistory of Kii!g-te-chin,p. 3. 
 
 ■.r\.o^Z'L^R Jab, Tdtb Isoge dome-shaped cover. Chinese porcelain, 
 painted in bine : on the body two persons ofifering presents ojf 
 food to a great personage attended by fen bearers and soldiers ; 
 on the cover a somewhat similar scene. H. S^ in. 1473. 
 
 ForE-siDED Ks-TiiM. Chinese porcelain, painted in bine : on 
 each side a p^iel with a Chinese domestic scene; borders 
 above and bdoiv : scroll work on the handles. Wooden lid, 
 with cryst^ top, and overlapping metal handles, passing 
 through holes left for them in the porcelain. H. 10 in. 1474. 
 
 Box, of fenciftil shape. Chinese porcelain, painted in bine ; on 
 the cover a five-clawed dragon, with the pearl, among donds ; 
 on the sides, storks and donds. ilark of the period Kea-tsing, 
 1522-1567, in a vertical line. L. 5 in. [PL L 10.] 1475. 
 
 Flat Dish, with narrow border. Chinese porcelain, painted in 
 bine; in the centre three fen-shaped medallions; in one a man 
 kneeling ^vith a horse, in another two deer, and in the third 
 four verses; border of dentate pattern, Diam. 10| in. 1476. 
 
 Flat Dlsh, with narrow border. Chinese x>orcelain, painted in 
 bine ; in the centre, three men, one of them pointing to the snn, 
 a deer, and a stork ; above, an inscription, signifying " Three 
 princes point to the sun rising in the east," followed by a seal 
 containing the character, Fuh, "happiness." Diam. 9| in. 
 
 1477. 
 
 Dish. Chinese porcelain, with designs executed in very slight 
 relief, and painted in brown and maroon under the glaze ; three 
 lions, with a large ball between them, from which proceed 
 streamers : the «TOund a slate-coloured blue. Diam. 17 in. 
 
 1478. 
 
204 CHINESE POBOELAIN. 
 
 Beakee-shaped Vase, of a form copied from bronze. Chinese 
 porcelain, - with designs executed in maroon under the glaze, 
 and a yellow ground; round the central portion, two Chinese 
 scenes ; above, rocks, plants, and insects ; below and within 
 the lip, sprigs of flowers. Mark of the period Wan-leih, 
 1573-1620 (3.3). H. IQJ^ in. [PI. I. 12.] 1479. 
 
 Bowl. Chinese porcelain, with engraved designs, covered 
 inside and out with a pale green enamel ; inside, a large 
 medallion, with the seal character, Show, " Longevity ;" 
 outside, the same character five times repeated, with a 
 stork and swastika, among clouds, in the spaces. Mark, 
 Choo Foo, "Imperial Palace." Diam. iOJ in. 1480. 
 
 The words Choo Foo literally mean "the pivot residence," the pirot on 
 ■which everything turns, and therefore the imperial residence. As 
 early as the Yuen dynasty (A. D. 1260-1368), the porcelain for 
 the palace was inscribed with these words ; see History of King-te- 
 chin, p. 86. This specimen is probably not older than the reign of 
 Keen-lung, 1736-1795. 
 
 Square Incense Bdener, made apparently out of the base of 
 a quadrangular jar, and mounted in bronze in Japan. Chinese 
 porcelain, painted in colours, with flowers growing out of rocks, 
 a stork, etc. ; the pierced cover of bronze represents turtles on 
 rocks among waves, from which spring the mallow leaves which 
 form the armorial badge of the Tokugawa family, which was 
 that of the later Shoguns. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 
 1426-1436 (2.2). H. 6 in. .width 4 in. [PI. I. 5.] 1481. 
 
 Stand for Brushes, in the form of, a screen. Chinese porce- 
 lain, painted iii colours, with gilding ; in front is a Buddhist 
 figure in high relief, standing on the head of a dragon ; on the 
 background is painted a figure of a man attended by a fan 
 bearer, and waves with nelumbium flowers ; on the back is re- 
 presented a fantastic lion, and a symbol, below which is a socket 
 for brushes. Probably of the Wan-leih period, 1573-1620. 
 H. 6 in. 1482. 
 
 Ewer, with narrow neck, flowing spout .and handle. Chinese 
 porcelain, with ornaments in low relief or engraved ; on each 
 side, a panel enclosing peonies, coloured rod and green ; fluted 
 borders in red ; the rest of the surface engraved with scrolls, 
 etc., and coloured bright blue. H. 13^ in. 1483. 
 
 CHIMESE POTTIORY. 
 
 Vase, of a shape copied from bronze, with two dragons' heads, 
 simulating handles, lied Chinese pottery, coveied with a green 
 jrlaze, which in some places has beconie iridescent from uge. 
 Probably very ancient. H. 15^ in. 1484. 
 
COKEAN AND JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 205 
 
 COREAN PORCELAIN. 
 
 Incense Vase, with two handles, in the form of dragons. Ivory 
 white Corean porcelain. H. 4 in. 1485. 
 
 From the collection of ilr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, who states that it is 
 Corean porcelain, 500 years old. 
 
 JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 
 
 GrOTTKD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark 
 blue, on a pale blue ground, with panels of various diapers. 
 Silver rim round neck, and wooden stopper. H. 8^ in. 1486. 
 
 From the collection of Mr. Ninagawa of Tokio, who states it to have 
 been made by Sh6tan, a native of Ise, about 1582, from Chinese 
 materials, both for the paste and glaze. 
 
 QuADBAjfGoxAE Vase. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue'; 
 on the sides, seven grotesque white figures on a deep blue 
 ground ; borders above and below. Mark, engraved Yaki-nushi 
 So-sen-do, " The potter Sosendo." H. 2% in. 1487. 
 
 Cyxindrical Ixce^jse Jae, on three small feet. Japanese porce- 
 lain, painted in blue; two three-clawed dragons, with sacred 
 pearls between them. Wooden cover, with chrysanthemums in 
 gold, within which is inscribed in red lacquer Tohu-i an Nakaba, 
 " Nakaba of the Tokni house." Mark, in Chinese, Ta Tsing 
 Keen-lung Yueh-wei nien ehi, " made in the Tueh-wei year of 
 Keen-lnng, of the great Tsing djnnasty." The Yueh-wei year 
 is the 32nd of the cycle, which in the reign of Keen-lung fell 
 in 1775. Probably Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province 
 ofHizen. H. % in. 1488. 
 
 Deep Saucek Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside 
 a prunus tree, covered with flowers in bud; outside, three 
 large flowers ; round the foot rim a border composed of circular 
 symbols. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of 
 Hizen. Diam. 131 in. 1489. 
 
 Deep Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, 
 a branch of the flowers of a double anemone ; outside, three 
 gi-oups of circular symbols, tied with ribbon; round the foot 
 rim a comb pattern. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, pro- 
 vince of Hizen. Diam. 12^ in. 1490. 
 
 Vase. Japanese porcelain, covered with ornaments outUned in 
 low relief^ and filled in with dark yellow glaze; the ground 
 between them and the rest of the vase, inside and out, covered 
 with a bright green glaze ; on the body, four medallions, en- 
 closing the seal character Show, " Longevity," between which 
 are formal ornaments and scrolls. Stamped mark, indistinct. 
 H. 174 in- U90a. 
 
 On the box belonging to this vase is a statement in Japanese that it 
 is a Kochi flower vase, which would mean Cochin Chinese. The 
 designs, however, so closely resemble the Japanese Eishiu wares, 
 (see No. 465a), that it will be better to consider it Japanese. 
 
206 JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 JAPANESE POTTERY. 
 
 Depbessed Jar, with small straight neck. Brown Japanese stone- 
 ware, of rude make, slightly glazed. H. 3in., diam. 3 in. 1491. 
 Sent from Japan as Jindai Kame, " Era of the gods jar," and pro- 
 nounced by Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, to be 600 years old. 
 
 Jar for powdered tea. Dark grey Japanese stoneware, covered 
 with a brown glaze, which extends over the edge ; on the 
 bottom, marks called by the Japanese itoguiri. Ivory cover and 
 silk bag. H. 24 in. 1492. 
 
 Presented by Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, as made at Seto, province of 
 0-wari, by T6jiro, about 1280, probably the second of that name. 
 Itoguiri is the name given in Japan to the concentric marks pro- 
 duced by the thread with which the base is cut off. 
 
 Pair of Goblets, bell-shaped. Grey glazed Japanese stone- 
 ware, with vertical brown ornaments passing into red towards 
 the upper ends. Ko-Karatsu ware, made near Karatsu, pro- 
 vince of Hizen. H. 4| in. 1493. 
 This factory is situated at the foot of a hill near the harbour of 
 Karatsu, and seems to have been founded towards the close of the 
 7th century on the Corean system. It is said to have produced the 
 first glazed ware in Japan. 
 
 Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a sea- 
 green glaze ; scratched patterns both inside and out. Mended 
 in Japan with gold lacquer. Diam. 5i in. 1494. 
 
 Presented by Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, as a bowl of the shape known 
 as " pearl brightness " (SAm-Ao), made at Kioto about 1630. 
 
 GouBD-sHAPED EwER, with Straight spout and rounded handle. 
 Japanese pottery, with a grey glaze, over which are painted 
 leaves and scrolls in brown. H. 6^ in. 1495. 
 
 From the collection of Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, and considered by him 
 to have been painted by Kenzan of Kioto^ about 245 years ago. 
 
 CiECULAB Box. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, coarsely 
 painted inside and out with large prunus flowers on a green 
 ground. Mark in brown, Ken-zan, the maker's name. Said 
 to be the first generation of the name. Kioto ware. Diam. 
 7| in. [Compare PI. XVI. 228.] 1496. 
 
 Flask in the form of a Japanese drum, with a small neck and 
 two handles. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, painted in colours 
 with gilding ; on one side the design usually seen on drums ; 
 on the other the plum, fir, and bamboo trees. Probably made 
 by Hozan of Kioto. H. 1\ in. 1497. 
 
 Pair op Trats, in the form of flying storks. Japanese pottery, 
 moulded in slight relief and coloured green, blue and red. 
 Probably Kioto ware. L. 5 in. 1498. 
 
 Ctlindrical Fire Vase. Smooth grey Japanese pottery, marbled, 
 and polished on the surface. Mark, impressed, Hashi-moto 
 San-ji-ro, the maker's name. Made at Imado, in the north part 
 of Tokio. H. Hi in. 1499. 
 
207 
 
 MARKS ON ORIENTAL PORCELAIN. 
 
 Note. — The Plates are referred to in the Catalogue hy numerals mthin 
 square brackets. The identical specimen from which the mark engraved has 
 been copied is noted in this description, but the references in the Catalogue 
 are to the figures which most resemble the mark, not always to the identical 
 one engraved. Unless otherwise specified the marks are painted in blue 
 under the glaze. 
 
 The mark on porcelain is an inscription or device indi- 
 cating the time at which the specimen was made, or the 
 fabric, or workman, and it forms no part of the decoration. 
 
 In Orieatal porcelain there does not appear, as far 
 as we know, to have been any system of placing on the 
 bottom a distinctive mark to indicate all the productions of 
 a maniifactory, like the familiar cross-swords of Meissen, or 
 the anchor of Chelsea. On the other hand, it has been very 
 usual to inscribe . a date, which has been rarely done in 
 Europe, - excepting at Sfevres. 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 Before describing the marks, it may be. well to state that 
 Chinese writing is arranged in vertical columns from right 
 to left, commencing at the top of the right-hand column ; 
 that each character represents a word, conA^eying a parti- 
 cular, sense to every Chinaman, though often pronounced 
 differently in ;various provinces. Several modes of writing 
 have been in use, of which the three principal now used are 
 the following : — Ist. The GKuan or Seal character, of which 
 there are many varieties ; it is so called . because it is now 
 principally employed oh seals. 2dly. The Kiai Shu or plain 
 .character, employed for books and careful writing. Sdly. 
 The TsaouShu, " grass-text," or rapid hand, used in common 
 writing, and very difficult to decipher. 
 
 Of these three modes of writing, the first and second are 
 chiefly employed in marks. Where these marks are in the 
 seal character, the clearest have been selected to be engraved 
 in the accompanying plates ; where they are in the plain 
 character it has been thought better to represent them by 
 ordinary Chinese type, as no two specimens are written 
 exactly alike ; where, however, stamps have been employed, 
 it has been considered desirable to render them in facsimile, 
 as they are not subject to variation. The spelling adopted 
 is that of Morrison. 
 
 A 167. P 
 
208 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 CHINESE MAEKS OF DATE. 
 The Chinese have two modes of indicating a date : — 1st, 
 hy a cycle of sixty years ; 2dly, by the Nien-hao or name 
 given to the reign of an emperor, or to a portion of such 
 reign. 
 
 1. Cyclical Dates. 
 
 The cycle of sixty years is indicated by two words, the 
 first derived from the ten signs termed " stems," the other 
 from twelve others termed " branches." This mode of com- 
 puting time is said to have come into use under the Han 
 dynasty, about the commencement of the Christian era, but 
 it is employed by the Chinese for the whole period of 
 history from B.C. 2637, and the present cycle, commencing 
 in 1864, is reckoned as the 76th.- In order to indicate a 
 precise date, the number of the cycle should be given ; but 
 on porcelain this is generally omitted, and the date has to 
 be fixed by the style of decoration, or other circumstances. 
 I have noticed only three cyclical dates on Chinese porcelain, 
 one of the year 1673, which is determined by the name of 
 the period, Kang-he, being also given ; and two others, 
 described below ; a fourth is given by M. Jacquemart, per- 
 haps of the year 1644. Tables of the cyclical characters may 
 be found in several works ; for instance, Mayers' Chinese 
 Reader's Manual, p. 362 ; Jacquemart and Le Blant, His- 
 toire de la Porcelaine, p. 159, &c. ; Hooper and Phillips', 
 Manual of Marks. 
 
 Plate I. fig. 1. (5fo. 441.) Yew Sin-chownien chi, " Made 
 in the Sin-chow year again [recurring]." This is the 38th 
 year of the cycle. 
 
 The mark is given by M. Jacquemart, who has fixed 
 the right date, 1721, owing to the style of the porce- 
 lain, but he has not understood the force of the inscrip- 
 tion, as he has translated the first word " also." The true 
 significance was pointed out to me by Mr. C. W. Goodwin. 
 The Emperor Kang-he came to the throne in the 38th year 
 of the 68th cycle, A.D. 1661, and died 20th December 1722. 
 He therefore had reigned for a whole cycle on the recurrence 
 of the 38th year in 1721; an event unexampled in Chinese 
 history ; and it was no doubt thought so remarkable, that 
 the cyclical date was employed instead of the usual one, as 
 it had recurred " again " in his reign. The same mark is to 
 be found on a bowl in the Museum at Sfevres, -v^hich has 
 been very carefully decorated in Europe during the first 
 half of the 1 8th century. 
 
 For another cyclical mark see Plate XII. fig. 144. 
 
MAKKS OF DATE. 209 
 
 II. NiEN-HAOS. 
 
 On ascending the throne a Chinese emperor loses his 
 personal name and fixes on two words, termed nien- 
 hao, to indicate his reign, and by this title he is known 
 during his life, or until he chooses to alter it. After his 
 d.eath he receives another title or miao-hao by which he 
 is described in history, though often, especially in later 
 times, and among foreign nations, the nien-hao has been 
 retained as his name. In ancient times the nien-hao was 
 frequently changed during the reign, on any important 
 event occurring. But since the accession of the Ming 
 dynasty in 1368 there is only one instance of such a change, 
 viz., in the reign of the Emperor Ying-Tsung, who having 
 been dethroned in 1450, and recovered power seven years 
 after, found it necessary to make a new nien-hao for the 
 latter portion of his reign. The. nien-hao is supposed to 
 signify the qualities of the Emperor, thus Taou-kwang, the 
 name assumed by Meen-ning on ascending the throne in 
 1821, signifies " Keason's lustre " ; Kwang-hsiu, the present 
 emperor's name, " Inherited lustre." 
 
 In order to convey an exact date the number of the year 
 of any nien-hao should be inscribed, but this rarely occurs 
 on porcelain. The fullest date usually appearing on porcelain 
 consists of six characters ; the upper one on the right hand 
 being Ta, " great," a title conferred on most of the later 
 dynasties, then follows the name of the dynasty, then two 
 characters signifying the nien-hao, then the word nien, 
 " year " or " period," and finally chi, " made." In some 
 cases the two first characters, indicating the dynasty, are 
 omitted, and the characters reduced to four. These date- 
 marks are written in two columns of three words, three 
 columns of two words, two columns of two words (where 
 the dj'^nasty is omitted), or six columns of one word, when 
 the inscription forms a horizontal band to be read from 
 right to left. These different modes of arranging the cha- 
 racters are indicated in the Catalogue by Arabic numerals 
 within brackets. 
 
 The dates on the older specimens are generally written in 
 the plain character, but during the present dynasty an 
 angular seal character has been often employed, forming a 
 square ; in the seal character the name of the dynasty is 
 rarely omitted, excepting on very small specimens for want 
 of space. 
 
 As a general rule, all marks in the angular seal character 
 of periods anterior to the present dynasty are to be regarded 
 as forgeries. 
 
 P 2 
 
210 CHINESE UABES. 
 
 It must also be observed that little reliance can be placed 
 on any date marks. The specimens are at any rate not 
 older than the dates on them, but may be much more 
 modern. 
 
 § 1. Sung. Dynasty.— 960-1127. 
 
 Plate II. tig.' 22 (No. 57). Ta Sung King-te nien chi, 
 " Made in the King-te period of the Great Suiig [dynasty] " 
 A.D. 1004-1007. ' 
 
 This inscription is .in gold" on a vase which cannot 
 well be more ancient than the last century, probably 
 the reign of Keen-lung, when old styles of porcelain were 
 frequently reproduced. . In the history of- the manufactory 
 of King-te-chin (p.SS), it is recorded that the Emperor 
 Chin-tsung, who founded the manufactory in his period 
 King-te (whence it received its name), ordered" that the 
 four words, King-te nien chi, should be inscribed under the 
 foot of aU vases made for the palace. 
 
 Plate I. fig."2 (No.. 157). Ta Sung Yuen-fung nien chi. 
 " Made in the Yuen-fung period of the Great Sung [dynasty] " 
 A.D. 1078-1086. The bowl on which this inark occurs can 
 scarcely he as old, but seiems copied from some archaic 
 design, and at any rate may be considered to represent a 
 specimen of this age according to a ChinJaman's view. 
 
 ■ § 2. Ming Dynasty.— 1368-1644. 
 
 Plate I. fig. .3 (Nos. 280, 782). . Hwng-woo nien chi, 
 " Made in the period Hunglwoo," A.D. 1 368-] 399. M. Ja^-. 
 quemart gives only one' instance of this date. 
 
 Plate I. %, 4 (No. 842); Plate II. fig. 23 . (No. 1). 
 Yung-lo nien chi, " Made in the peripd Yung-lo," A.D. 1403-^ 
 142.5. Fig. 23 is from a remarkable bowl (No. 1), one of a. 
 pair, with an engraved inscription in an ancient seal cha- 
 racter; the .inscription can scarcely be discerned on thei 
 bowl exhibited, but is very distinct on its companion. These 
 specimens are probably of the date upon them. 
 
 Plate I. fig. 5 (No. 137, etc.) ; Plate III. fig. 24 (No. 282) 
 Ta Ming Seuen-tih wieTi cAi, ".Made in the.period Seuen- 
 tih of the great . Ming: [dynasty]," . A.D. 1426-1436. Ac- 
 cording to the history of King-te-chin, the porcelain of the 
 period Seuen-itih . ranked first among that of the Ming 
 dynasty. The porcelain of this date has been frequently, 
 imitated. The vase on which the seal characters occur (No. 
 282) is probably modem. This date is sometimes found 
 engraved in the paste, and sometimes on a square seal im- 
 pressed in the paste, so that the characters are in relief. 
 
SfAKKS OF DATE. 211 
 
 Plate I. fig. 6 (Nos. 103-106, etc.), and fig. 7 (No. 130, etc.). 
 Ta Ming Ching-hwa nien chi, '■' Made in the period Ching- 
 hwa of the great Miug [dynasty]," A.D. 1465-1488. We 
 have here two forms ; the name of the dynasty being omitted 
 in fig. 7. On one specimen (No. 68.5) the mark is impressed, 
 so that the characters are slightly in relief This is a very 
 common mark, but probably has been more often forged 
 than any other. The porcelain of this period held the 
 second rank among the productions of the Ming dynasty. 
 The blue colour need not necessarily be of a very high 
 quahty, as it is recorded that during this period the material 
 for the fine blue failed. 
 
 Plate L fig. 8 (No. 39). Ta Ming Hung-che nien chi, 
 " Made in the period Hung-che of the great Ming [dynasty]," 
 A-D. 1488-1506. M. Jacquemart gives only one specimen 
 with this date, which is yellow like that exhibited. It must 
 be remembered with regard to this mark that if the name 
 of the dynasty is omitted there is some ambiguity, as the 
 words Hwng-che are the same as the Japanese nengo Ko-ji, 
 A.D. 1555-1558. 
 
 Plate I. fig. 9 (Nos. 147a, 1476, 389). Ta Ming Ghing- 
 tih nien chi, " Made in the period Ching-tih of tiie great 
 Ming [dynasty]," A.D. 1506-1522. This is not a common 
 mark ; the few specimens mentioned by M. Jacquemart have, 
 like No. 389, green dragons. It also occurs on blue and 
 white porcelain. 
 
 Plate I. fig. 10 (No. 40, etc.). Ta Ming Kea-tsing nien 
 chi, '' Made in the period Kea-tsing of the great Ming 
 [dynasly]," A.D. 1522-1567. On one specimen (No. 1475) 
 the inscription is written in a vertical line. 
 
 Plate I. fig. 11. Ta Ming Lung-himg nien chi, " Made 
 in the period Lung-king of the great Ming [dynasty],'' A.D. 
 1567-1573. The only specimens with tins date that have 
 been noticed, as far as I am aware, are No. 795, where the 
 dynasty is omitted. A specimen recently sold in Mr. Bohn s 
 sa;le, lot 242, and described as with this date, was marked 
 with the period Keen^lwng (1736-1795). 
 
 Plate L fig. 12 (No. 69, etc.). Ta Ming Wan-leih nien chi, 
 " Made in the period Wan-leih of the great Ming [dynasty]," 
 A.D. 1573-1620. As might be expected from the length 
 of this reign there are numerous specimens inscribed with 
 this date. It is frequently to be foimd on Japanese por- 
 celain, probably not contemporary (Nos. 530, 533, etc.) 
 
 For the marks of two of the later periods of the Ming 
 dynasty see Plate XII. figs. 145, 146. 
 
212 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 3. TsiNQ Dynasty.— 1644-1876. 
 
 Plate IT. fig. 1 3. Ta Tsing Shun-che nien chi, " Made 
 ia the period Shun-che of the great Tsing [dynasty]," 
 A.D. 1644-1661. This date is given by Mr. Hooper both 
 in the common and seal characters, but there is no speci- 
 men in the collection. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 14 (No. 43, etc.). Ta Tsing Kcmg-he mien chi, 
 " Made in the period Kang-he of the great Tsing [dynasty]," 
 A.D. 1661-1722. During this long reign the art of making 
 porcelain, which had greatly suffered from the effects of the 
 Tatar invasion, received much encouragement, and the 
 invention of numerous colours and of new varieties of fabric 
 are recorded in the History of Kirig-te-chin. This date 
 rarely occurs in the seal character, and specimens so marked 
 are liable to suspicion. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 15 (No. 166, etc.), and Plate III. fig. 25 (Nos. 
 45, 77). Ta Tsing Vung-ching nien chi, " Made in the 
 period Yung-ching of the great Tsing [dynasty]," A.D. 
 1723-1736. The date in the seal character more rarely 
 occurs than that in the common character. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 16 (No. 65, etc.), and Plate III. figs. 26 
 (No. 48), 27 (No. 339). Ta Tsing Keen-lung nien chi, 
 "Made in the period Keen-lung of the great Tsing [dy- 
 nasty]," A.D. 1736-1795. The reign of this emperor was 
 nearly as long as that of his predecessor Kang-he, and ter- 
 minated by his abdication, on his reign having extended 
 to a whole Chinese cycle. This date occurs in the common 
 and seal characters, though more generally in the latter. 
 Sometimes it is found in four characters only, as in fig. 27. 
 The porcelain with this date is good and verj"- plentiful. On 
 two specimens in the collection (Nos. 1018, 1488), probably 
 Japanese, we find the precise year mentioned corresponding 
 to 1755 and 1775. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 17 (No. 360a.), and Plate III. fig. 28 (No. 
 167, etc.). Kea-king nien chi, "Made in the period Eea- 
 king [of the great Tsing dynasty]," A.D. 1796-1821. This 
 date does not often occur in the common character. The 
 porcelain is inferior to that of the preceding reign. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 18 (No. 364), and Plate III. fig. 29 (No. 47, 
 etc.). Ta Tsing Taou-kwang nien chi, "Made in the 
 period Taou-kwang of the great Tsing [dynasty]," A.D. 
 1821-1851. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 19 (Nos. 56, 341), and Plate III. fig. 30 (No. 
 367). Ta Tai/ng Heenrfung men chi, "Made in the 
 
MARKS OF DATE. 213 
 
 period Heen-fung of the great Tsing [dynasty]," A.D. 1851- 
 1862. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 20, and PJate III. fig. 31 (No. 368). Ta 
 Tsing Tunr/-che mien chi, " Made in the period Tung-che 
 of the great Tsing [dynasty]," A.D. 1S62-1875. 
 
 Plate II. fig. 21. Ta Tsing Kwang-shiu nien chi, " Made 
 in the period Kwang-shiu of the great Tsing [dynasty]," 
 A.D. 1875. This is the mark of the emperor who has just 
 "ascended the throne, and no specimen thus inscribed has 
 pi-obably as yet reached Europe. It is here given in order to 
 complete the series of the emperors of the Tsing dynasty. 
 
 CHINESE HALL MARKS. 
 
 There has been some uncertainty as to the exact meaning 
 of the inscriptions on porcelain in which the word tang, 
 " hall," is employed. Such inscriptions are not noticed in 
 tlie History of King-te-chin. In Jacquemart and Le Blant 
 they are given as made in the pavilion of &c. ; in Jacque- 
 mart (1873) as made for the pavilion. Some Europeans 
 who have been at Pekin were informed that these inscrip- 
 tions signified that specimens so inscribed were made for 
 the palace, and that they indicated the pavilion for which 
 they were supplied. This statement may, however, have 
 arisen from a desire to enhance the pecuniary value of the 
 specimens. Chinese scholars agree that- the inscriptions 
 signify the establishments at which the specimens were 
 made, and this is confirmed by Dr. Bushell, who has kindly 
 given me the correct meaning of some of the names. This 
 is fui-ther supported by the name of the same haU occurring 
 on porcelain of very different ages, and in two instances 
 being accompanied by the expression "antiques," and 
 "imitation of antiques," which would scarcely occur on 
 specimens made for particular buildings. 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 32 (No. 181c6). Tseu-shun inei-yuh tang chi, 
 " Made at the Tseu-shun Hall " of beautiful jade (continuous 
 prosperity). 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 33 (Nos. 63, 351, 399). Luh-itang. "The 
 Luh-i (waving bamboo) HaU." 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 34 (No. 168b, 387). Shun-tih tang po-ku 
 chi, " Antique made at the Shun-tih (cultivation of virtue) 
 Hall." 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 35 (No. 168c). Shun-tih tang chi, "Made 
 at the Shun-tih (cultivation of virtue) Mall." 
 
 This mark is on specimens of different kinds and very 
 varied quality. The name is derived from the classics, The 
 
214 CHINRSE MARKS. 
 
 Great Learning, Ch. X., 6. Ifc is said to be the Hall name 
 of a Tao-tai, or superintendent of the Imperial Porcelain 
 manufactory. 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 36 (No. 390a). Taai-jun tang chi, " Made 
 at the Tsai-jun (brilliant colours) Hall." 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 37 (No. 148). I-yew tang chi, " Made at 
 the I-yew (advantage) HaU." 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 38 (No. 364a.). Ta-shu tang chi, " Made 
 at the Ta-shu (great tree) Hall." 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 39 (Nos. 265, 266). Ki-yuh tang chi, 
 " Made at the Ki-yuh (rare jade) Hall." 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 40 (No. 168a). Lin-yuh tang chi, " Made 
 at the Lin-yuh (abundant jade) Hall." 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 41 fNo. 1486). King-lien tang fang ku 
 chi, "Imitations of antiques made at the King-lien 
 HaU." King-lien is another name for Sung Lien, a dis- 
 tinguished scholar of the Ming dynasty. See Mayers' Chinese 
 Keader's Manual, p. 195. / 
 
 Other hall marks are given in Plate XII. figs. 147, 148. 
 
 Other Inscribed Marks. 
 
 These generally are commendations of the porcelain : 
 stating that it is jade (a stone much esteemed by the 
 Chinese) ; or a pearl, elegant, antique, precious, &c. Some 
 of these may possibly be names. Occasionally they refer 
 to the subject. 
 
 Plate IV. fig. 42 (Nos. 160, 184). Ki yuh poo tvn,g chi 
 chin, " A gem among precious vessels of rare jade." 
 
 Plato IV. fig. 43 (No. 366a). Ki shih poo ting chi chin, 
 " A gem among precious vessels of rare stone." Here the 
 word " precious " is written with a diflferent character, and 
 "jade " is replaced by "stone" ; the signification is the same. 
 
 Plate V. fig, 44 (No. 391). Taae chuan chi lo, " Enjoying 
 themselves in the waters." This mark occurs on saucers 
 painted with red fishes, and evidently alludes to the subject. 
 
 Plate V. fig. 45 (Nos. 267, 267a). Ki chin joo yuh, 
 " A gem rare as jade." This mark is wrongly given by 
 Jacquemont and by Hooper, the last word having been 
 misread "five." 
 
 Plate V. fig. 46 (No. 147). W&n chang ahem tou, 
 " Scholarship lofty as the Hills and the Great Bear." This 
 is on one of the cylindrical vessels used to contain writing 
 materials. 
 
CHINESE MARKS. 215 
 
 Plate V. fig. 47 (No. 62).' Ya wan, " An elegant rarity." 
 Plate V. fig. 48 (No. 249). Chin wan, " A precious rarity." 
 Plate V. fig. 49 (No. 261). Wan yuh, " Rare jade." 
 Plate V. fig. 50 (No. 189). Chin yuh, " Veritable jade." 
 Plate V. fig. 51 (Nos. 262, 263). Shun, "Elegant." 
 Plate V. fig. 52 (No. 268). Luh, "Prosperity." 
 Plate V. fig. 53 (No. 272a). Hing, " Exalted." 
 Plate V. fig. 54 (No. 262). Kwoh, "National," or " Go- 
 vernmental." 
 
 Plate V. fig. 55 (Nos. 260, 264, 393). Yuh, " Jade." 
 Plate V. fig. 56 (No. 119). Chin, " A pearl " or "gem." 
 Plate V. fig. 57 (No. 272a). Ku, " Antique." This must 
 of course mean that it is copied from an antique model. 
 Plate V. fig. 58'(No. 262). Shing, " Holy." 
 This and the eleven preceding marks occur on blue and 
 white porcelain, sometimes difiering on pieces of the same ser- 
 vices, when some of them may be intended to read together. 
 Plate V. fig. 59 (No. 191a). Tsuen, " Complete." On 
 blue and white of an archaic character. 
 
 Plate V. fig. 60 (No. 262). A seal character. Show, 
 " Longevity." 
 
 Plate V. fig. 61 (No. 13). A mark in relief in the seal 
 character, very indistinct, possibly Ming, " Bright." 
 
 Plate V. fig. 62 (No. 215). In the seal character, perhaps 
 Pao, " Precious," or possibly Shan Wang, on blue and white 
 plates. 
 
 Plate V. fig. 63 (No. 269). A seal character, indistinct. 
 Plate V. fig. 64 (No. 358a). A seal character, indistinct, 
 on bowls of nankin yellow, painted in colours. 
 
 Plate V. iig. 65 (No. 380a). A mark, very similar to one 
 given by Jacquemart and Le Blant as une hache sacr^e. 
 It is stated, liowever, to be a symbol, Fuh, which was em- 
 broidered on the lower of the Emperor's sacrificial robes. 
 See Williams' Dictionary, p. 155. Perhaps it was used as 
 an equivalent for Fuh, " Happiness." 
 
 Plate V. fig. 66 (Nos. 582, 583). A square mark imitating 
 a seal character. On blue and white of good quality, but 
 made for the European market. This is the mark often found 
 on Worcester porcelain. Possibly the specimens on which 
 it occurs are Japanese. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 67 (No. 133). A mark within a square in 
 the seal character. Fuh kwei kia ki, " Fine vase for rich and 
 honourable [people]." On a blue and white bottle. 
 
216 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 68 (No. 93). A stamped mark with tlie letters 
 in relief / shing, " Harmonious prosperity." On a coarse 
 Icind of stoneware, possibly very ancient. 
 
 Plate VI. fig 69 (No. 50). A stamped mark, the lines 
 being sunk, in seal characters so fancifully combined as to be 
 unintelligible. On a singular specimen with a mottled glaze. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 70 (No. 188). In the seal cbariacter. Jo 
 shin chin tsang, " Deep like a treasury of gems." On blue 
 and white. This mark also occurs in the ordinary character. 
 For another mark of a similar kind see No. 874. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 71 (Nos. 64, 717, 718). Stamped in the 
 paste so that the letters are in relief. Koh Ming-tsiang chi, 
 " Made by Koh Ming-tsiang." On three specimens of 
 ancient glazed ware, of which the body seems to be a dense 
 red stoneware, said' to he as old as the Sung dynastj'. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 72 (Nos. 3636, 909). A mark in red, in the 
 seal character, Heae chuh choo-jin tsaou, " Made by (or for) 
 the lord of the Heae bamboos." Heae is the name of a 
 famous valley, where Ling Lun, minister of the fabulous 
 Eraperor Hwang Ti, cut bamboos to form musical instru- 
 ments. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 73 (No. 164). In the seal character, Fa, 
 " Prosperous." On blue and white. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 74 (No. 349). A mark within a circle, and 
 with a square in the centre, apparently to represent a 
 coin. Chang ming Fuh kwei, "Long life, riches, and 
 honour." On a specimen of a peculiar style, with decoration 
 in gold. The same mark occurs on a bowl of similar 
 decoration in a German mounting of silver gilt of the 16th 
 century. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 75 (No. 163). A gourd, an emblem of 
 longevity, inscribed Fuh, " Happiness." AH engraved in 
 the paste. On blue -and white. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 76 (No. 222). A seal character, not deci- 
 phered. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 77 (Na 175.) A seal character, not deci- 
 phered. 
 
 Plate VI. fig. 78 (No. 672). An unknown character ; on 
 porcelain jirobably made in Siam. The same mark occurs 
 on other specimens, and cannot therefore be accidental. 
 
 Chinese Marks in the form of Devices. 
 Plate VII. fig. 79 (No. 242a). A symbol, a pearl, such 
 as is often seen in combination with dragons. On blue and 
 white. See also Plate XIII. fig. 163. 
 
. CHINESE MARKS. 217 
 
 Plate_ VII. fig. 80 (No. 172). A symbol, a shell; on blue 
 aad white, and green enamel, generally of good quality. It 
 is a well known Buddhist symbol, but may also be the 
 emblem of a prosperous journey. 
 
 Plate VII. fig. 81 (JSTo. 185). A symbol (?), perhaps a 
 musical instrument. On blue and white. 
 
 Plate VII. figs. 82, 83, 84 (Nos. 298, 214, 210). Three 
 varieties of a lozenge-shaped symbol. 
 
 Plate VI . figs. 85, 86, 87 (Nos. 299, 223, 223a). Three 
 varieties of the fish symbol. The first of them has been 
 given by M. Jacquemart as "une sort de bijou, saLs doute, 
 resemblant k un insecte artificiel," which is also repeated by 
 Mr. Chaffers. There can, however, be no doubt as to its 
 representing two fishes. A pair of fishes is a Buddhist 
 symbol as well as an emblem ot domestic felicity. 
 
 Plate VII. fig. 88 (No. 402). A group of eniblems : a pencil 
 (pi), a cake of ink (ting), and a sceptre of longevity, (joo-e), 
 symbolising the phvase pi ting joo-e, '' May [things] be fixed 
 as you wish." On enamelled porcelain, and also on blue 
 and white. 
 
 Plate VII. fig. 89 (No. 327). The hare, an emblem of 
 longevity. The hare was sacred to the moon. The specimen 
 engraved is outlined with black and coloured yellow. It 
 also occurs in blue (PI. XIII. fig. 165), generally on ancient 
 specimens of good quality. In these the animal is often 
 left white, and surrounded with blue, probably intended 
 to represent a leaf In some specimens (Nos. 359a, 861) 
 the animal is outlined in blue, and near the enclosing circle 
 is represented a crescent, which connects it still further 
 with the moon. 
 
 Plate VII. fig. 90 (No. 425). A pair of objects, possibly 
 intended for the rhinoceros horn symbol. On green enamel, 
 evidently old. 
 
 Plate VIII. figs. 91, 92, 93, and 94 (Nos. 384, 405, 414, 
 111). Four varieties of leaves, one of them with the fillets 
 that distinguish the symbols. Ihese probably represent the 
 leaf of the artemisia, gae, a plant of good omen. This mark 
 which is not uncommon, is generally found on blue and 
 white, or green enamel, of good quality. 
 
 Plate VIII. figs. 95, 96 (No. 186). Two specimens of 
 the lotus, the flower symbol, which is never accompanied 
 by fillets. Generally on porcelain of good quality. 
 
 Plate- VIII. figs. 97, 98, 99, 100 (Nos. 297, 411,353, 
 383a). Four varieties of the Che plant, a hind of fungus, 
 employed as an emblem, of longevity. 
 
218 CHINESK MARKS. 
 
 Plate VIII. fig. 101 (No. 370). A peach and a bat, 
 painted in red. The peach is an emblem of longevity, and 
 the bat of happiness, its name having the same sound as 
 Fuh, "Happiness." The whole symbolises the sentence 
 Fuh show shwcmg chuen, "A two-fold perpetuation of 
 happiness and longevity." 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 102 (Nos. 394, 395). A four-leaved flower ; 
 on blue and white. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 103 (No. 295). A flower with eight or 
 sixteen petals. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 104 (No. 54a). A five-leaved flower ; on 
 blue and white. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 105 (No. 581). An ornament frequently 
 found on the borders of porcelain vases. It probably 
 represents the head of a sceptre of longevity, Joo-e, derived 
 from the fungus^ and occurs as a mark on bine and white. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 106 (No. 74a). An object formed of four 
 circles, possibly a symbol. On old specimens decorated with 
 coloured glazes. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 107 (No. 2426). A Buddhist symbol (chcmg, 
 " intestines "), in the form of a knot, an emblem of longevity. 
 On blue and white. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 108 (No. 301). A fly or other insect. On 
 blue and white. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 109 (No. 581). A tailless bird, apparently 
 a stork, in blue ; below it is an engraved number and a 
 2ag-zag, cut with the wheel, a mark placed on china which 
 has belonged to the collection in the Japanese Palace at 
 Dresden. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 110 (No, 242c). A three-legged incense 
 burner {tiTig). 
 
 Plate IX. figs. Ill, 112 (Nos. 412, 413). Two varieties 
 of four legged vases with a high ear on each side (chia). 
 This mark has been copied on Derby porcelain, and been 
 wrongly described as a modelling table. 
 
 Plate IX. fig. 113 (No. 358). A vase on three feet, pro- 
 bably an incense burner. On porcelain of good quality. 
 
JAPANESE MARKS. 219 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
 In Japan several modes of writing are in use, all of them 
 Chinese or derived from the Chinese. Of the former the 
 Seal or Ghuan and the common character Kiai 8hu are 
 most commonly to be met with in porcelain marks. Of the 
 latter, the Katakana (a syllabic writing of 48 characters 
 derived from portions of Chinese words) rarely occurs in 
 marks ; the. only specimen in the collection is No. 1,161, 
 engraved in Plate XV., fig. 195. The Hirolcana, an abbre- 
 viated and running form of Chinese characters, also 48 in 
 number, is more frequently to be found, and it resembles 
 somewhat the Chinese Tsaou Shu, or grass-text. 
 
 Marks of Date. 
 
 The Japanese employ several modes of dating : a cycle 
 of 60 years, adopted from the Chinese cycle, and identical 
 with it ; also a similar system to the Chinese nien-hao, but 
 which is by them termed TieTOg'^. Whereas, however, the 
 Chinese have for, the last two dynasties rarely changed the 
 name of the period during the reign of an emperor, the 
 Japanese have frequently done so. Lists of Japanese neng6s 
 may be found in Siebbld's Nippon, Jacquemart and Le Blant, 
 p. 293, Hooper and Phillips' Manual of Marks, and a very 
 correct list has been privately printed in Japan by Mr. E. 
 Satow. This mode of dating is rarely employed on porcelain. 
 Only one instance is 'given by M. Jacquemart, which is of 
 the year 1653. The dates to be found in the collection are 
 as follows: — 
 
 Gen-lci, 1 570-1573, No. 532. 
 
 iTei-cwi, 1648-1651, No., 1,120. 
 
 7em-po,. 1673-1681, No. 1,020. 
 
 Oen-roku, 1688-1704, No. 1,302. 
 
 Tem-mei, 1781-1789, No. 1,240. 
 
 Bun-kvM, 1804-1818, No. 1,007, 1,008. 
 
 BiMi-sei, 1818-1830, No. 463, 1,310. 
 • Ka-yei, 1848-1854, No. 463(X, 465a, 1,014. 
 
 Mei-ji, 1868 to present time. No. 1,012, 1,390. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 114 (No. 532). Gen^ki.nen sei, " Made in 
 the period Gen-ki." AD. 1570-1573. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 115 (Nos. 463a, 465a). Ka-yei guan nen 
 Nan-ki Otolco-yama sei, " Made at Otoko-yama, in Southern 
 
^20 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
 Kii, in the first year of Ka-yei." This corresponds with 
 A.D. 1848. On Kishiu ware. 
 
 Three other dates are given in Plate XIV., fig. 171-173. 
 
 Other Inscribed Marks. 
 
 Unhke the Chinese, the Japanese potters or painters not 
 unfrequeatly have inscribed their names or the place of 
 manufacture on their productions. These marks are fre- 
 quently stamped or impressed with a seal. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 116 (No. 469). Niahina, a Japanese family 
 name. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 117 (No. 661). Dai Nippon Kutami tsukv/ru, 
 " Made at Kutani in Great Japan." Kutani (nine valleys) 
 is in the province of Kaga. 
 
 • Plate X. fig. 118 (No. .560). Dai Nippon Yd-raJcu tsu- 
 hwru, " Made by Yeiraku in Great Japan." 
 
 Plate X. fig. 119 (No. 659). Dai Nippon Seta aei, "Made 
 at Seto in Great Japan." On porcelain, coated with 
 cloisonnd enamel. Seto is in the province of Owari. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 120 (No. 551). Zd-shvAi tei Sampd aei, 
 " Made by Sampo at the Zo-shun (inclosure of spring) HaU." 
 
 Plate X. fig. 121 (No. 464). Himeji aei, " Made at Himeji." 
 
 Plate X. fig. 122 (No. 662). Dai Nippon Ean-auJce aei, 
 " Made by Han-suke in Great Japan." 
 
 Plate X. fig. 123 (No. 660). Bum-mei kai-Jcua, "Enlight- 
 enment and civilisation." On porcelain coated with cloi- 
 sonne enamel. The words allude to the late changes in 
 Japan, owing to foreign intercourse. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 124 (No. 517). Tai-wAm, nen aei, " Made in 
 the period Tai-min." As there is no such Japanese neng6, 
 it is probable that the mark is copied from the Chinese 
 dynasty mark Ta ming nien chi. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 125 (No. 615). Sem-mid nen ad, " Made in 
 the period Semmio." As no such nengo is known, this is 
 probably a blundered variation of the Chinese mark Ta ming 
 Seuen-tih mien chi. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 126 (No. 474). To-gioJcu yen aei, " Made at 
 the Togioku (jade pottery) house or establishment." See 
 also Plate XIV., fig. 178. 
 
 Plate X. fig. 127 (No. 465c). Kai-ralm yen aei, " Made at 
 the Kairaku (mingled enjoyment) house or establishment." 
 This is stamped in the paste on Kishiu ware made at 
 Waka-yama, province of Kii. The name of the house is 
 derived from the Chinese classics. 
 
JAPANESE MARKS. 221 
 
 Plate X fig. 128 (Nos. 497, 512, 520). Fukki chdshun. 
 The same as the Chinese Fah kwei chang chun, " An eter- 
 nal spring of riches and honoura" 
 
 Plate XI. fig. 129 (Xo. 498a). In the seal character, 
 To-da Kichi-hei, probably the name of the maker. 
 
 Plate XI. fig. 130 (Xo. 502a). In the seal character, Rd 
 (Chinese poo), " Precious." 
 
 Plate X. % 131 (Xo. 549). Hotel tw takara. The same 
 as the Chinese Pao ting chi chin, " A gem among precious 
 vessels." See PI. IV. figs. 42, 43. 
 
 Plate XL fig. 132 (No. 470). Seal character, Roku 
 (Chinese IvJi), " Prosperity." 
 
 Plate XL fig. 133 (No 536). Seal character, Kvn, " Gold." 
 
 Plate XL %. 134 (No. 587a. Seal character, Ka (Chinese 
 fcia)," Felicity." ^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Plate XL fig. 135 (Xos. 467, 540). .Sea* character, FvJcu 
 (Chinese fvJi), " Happiness." 
 
 Plate XL fig. 136 (No. 569a.). Two stamped marks; 
 the upper one Banko, the other Xijypon Yu-setsu. On thin 
 teapots of greyish brown ware. 
 
 Plate XL fig. 137 (Xos. 571, 1,207). Two stamped marks. 
 The upper one in an oblong, Go-koku-san, " Native pro- 
 duct ;" the lower one in an oval, Kaki-tsubata, the Japanese 
 name for an iris, perhaps the name of a factory. 
 
 Plate XL %. 138 (No. 562). Kwtcmi, Kutani (nine 
 valleys) in the province of Eiaga, whence the clay was 
 derived. On yellow glazed pottery. 
 
 Marks tx the fokm of Devices. 
 
 The Japanese rarely employ devices as marks, and in. the 
 few instances in which they have done so they may have 
 been imitating the Chinese. 
 
 Plate XL fig. 139 (No. 471). The Buddhist .symbol Swas- 
 tika (Chinese Wa/n). An ancient symbol found in various 
 parts of the world. In Chinese it stands for " ten thousand.'' 
 It is the badge of one of the noble families of Japan. 
 
 Plate XL fig. 140 (No. 521). A five-leaved flower in red, 
 perhaps only an ornament. 
 
 Plate XL figs. 141, 143 (Nos. 544, 534). Two varieties 
 of a plant, somewhat like a fungus, but with leaves. 
 
 Plate XL fig. 142 TNo. 511). A leaf. In blue outlined 
 with gold. 
 
222 
 
 ADDITIONAL MARKS. 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 Marks of Date. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 144! (No. 854). Wo-shin nien Leang-ki 
 shoo, "Painting of Leang-ki in the Wo-shin year." The 
 Wb-shin year is the fifth year of the cycle. The same date 
 and name occur on two vases belonging to Mr. Louis Huth, 
 "where, however, the painter calls himself Leang-kwo-ki. 
 The date Wo-shin also occurs, as Wo-shin nien chi, "Made 
 in year Wo-shin," on Nos. 855 and 856, and on a cup 
 belonging to Mr. V. Prinsep. All these specimens are 
 decorated in the same style, and are generally painted 
 green underneath, the mark being in black. They can 
 scarcely be as eai'Iy as 1748 or as late as 1868, and we may 
 therefore place them in the year 1808, the fifth year of the 
 75 th cycle. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 145 (No. 732). Ta Ming Tien-k't nien 
 chi, " Made in the period T'ien-k'i of the great Ming 
 [dynasty]," A.D. 1621-1627. On a saucer with coloured 
 glazes. A specimen (No. 807) painted in blue has the 
 inscription Ta Mvng Tien-k'i yuennien, " The first year of 
 the period T'ien-k'i of the great Ming dynasty." The 
 Tartar invasion produced such troubles that the porcelain 
 works were probably much neglected. At any rate the 
 date of this and the succeeding emperors very rarely occur 
 on porcelain. Of this period no specimen is mentioned 
 in the History of King-te-chin or by M. Jacquemart, and 
 those here described are the only ones that have come 
 under my notice. They do not say much for the ceramic 
 skill of the period. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 146 (No. 804). Tsung-ching nien chi, 
 " Made in the period Tsung-ching," A.D. 1628-1644. On 
 cups painted in blue, with designs somewhat Japanese in 
 feeling ; they were, however, sent from Japan as old Chinese. 
 M. Jacquemart (Jacquemart and Le Blant, p. 182) mentions 
 a vase formerly in the Salld collection (dispersed in 1826), 
 which had an inscription stating that it was made for the 
 temple of Fou-lou-tsiang in the ninth year of Tsung-chiug 
 (1636). This is the only instance he mentions of this 
 date. 
 
CHINESE MARKS. 223 
 
 Other Marks. 
 
 Plate XII., .fig. 147 (No. 822). Yang-ho tang chi, " Made 
 at the Yang-ho (encouragement of harmony) Hall." On 
 porcelain painted in blue and maroon under the glaze, 
 probably of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 148 (Nos. 769, 820). Yvk tang kea he, 
 " Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall." On porcelain painted 
 in blue and maroon under the glaze. It also occurs in the seal 
 character on the face of No. 819. This mark is given by 
 M. Jacquemart (p. 187), who suggests that it may relate to 
 the imperial Chinese academy, which is commonly called 
 the " Jade Hall." 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 149 (No. 803). Nan-chuen kin yuh, 
 " The elegant jade of Nan-chuen." On porcelain painted 
 in blue. Nan-chuen is in the province of Sze-chuen, but 
 the name is not given in the History of King-te-chin as a 
 porcelain manufactory. Porcelain it is knov^n is often 
 spoken of as artificial jade. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 160 (No. 758). Shwai fuh kung yung, 
 " For the public use of the general's hall." On an old bowl 
 painted in blue. This seems to indicate for whose use the 
 bowl was made. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 151 (No. 802). Shing yew ya chi, "The 
 elegant collection of the Holy Friends." On cups painted 
 in blue. The Holy Friends may have been the name of a 
 firm. The mark is given by M. Jacquemart, who' translates 
 it, " Pid union distinguee d'amis saints." The last character 
 is badly written and may read chi, " made " or " manu- 
 facture." 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 152 (No. 867). Oae leen chin chang, 
 Precious reward for the lover of the nelumbium (water 
 lily). On a saucer painted with water lilies, probably of 
 the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. It is very similar in 
 style to No. 391, of which the mark (PI. V., fig. 44) also 
 alludes to the subject. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 153 (No. 772), See yuh, " Western jade." 
 On porcelain painted in blue. The best jade comes to 
 China from the west. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 154 (No. 786). Yew lai, " The arrival of 
 friends." On porcelain painted in blue. This may allude 
 to the subject. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 155 (No. 768). Pao shing, "Inex- 
 pressibly precious," On porcelain painted in blue. This 
 A ley. ' Q 
 
224 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 is one of the commendations of the ware so often found ou 
 Chinese porcelain. 
 
 Plate XII., fig. 156 (No. 843). Tan kivei, "Red olive." 
 On a bowl painted in red in the style of the Yung-lo period, 
 1403-1425. The kwei or Olea fragrans of the Chinese is 
 highly prized and used as a inetaplior for literary honours ; 
 and as a literary man, with a branch in his hand, is repre- 
 sented inside the bowl, the inscription may allude to the 
 subject. 
 
 Plate XIII, fig. 157 (No. 678). Le Chih, probably the 
 maker's name ; an oblong panel in the seal character 
 1 mpressed on the back of a statuette in white porcelain. 
 
 Plate XIII., fig. 158 (No. 891). Chung-kuh she, "The 
 Chung-kuh family." Engraved in the paste under the 
 glaze on a moulded cup, slightly painted. 
 
 Plate XIII., fig. 159 (No. 892). Tsun Chin, probably 
 the maker's name, impressed on a moulded cup, slightly 
 painted, the characters being in relief. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig. 160 (No. 860). Fan, the maker's name. 
 On coloured porcelain. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig. 161 (No. 783). Xm Chang-tsee tsaou, 
 " Made by Lin Chang-tsee." In the seal character on a 
 large dish painted in blue, probably of the period Taou- 
 kwang, 1821-1851. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig. 162 (No. 767). The lozenge-shaped 
 symbol, of which the centre takes the form of a swastika. 
 A variety of the marks given in PI. VIL, figs. 82-84, and 
 of the symbol, PL A., figs. 3, 4. On porcelain painted in blue. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig. 163 (No. 1049). The pearl symbol; com- 
 pare PI. VIL, fig. 79 and PL A., fig. 1. On a cup probably 
 Japanese, but so evidently copied from Chinese that it has 
 been thought best to include the mark in the Chinese 
 series. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig. 164 (No. 778). A circular symbol similar 
 to PI. A. fig. 2, perhaps a coin. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig; 165 (No. 763). A hare, probably the 
 sacred hare of the moon, a symbol of longevity. See 
 Plate VIL fig. 89. On blue and white. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig. 1'66 (No. 817). Two scrolls or rolls of 
 Writing tied up, and forming a symbol. Compare PI. A. 
 fig. 6. 
 
 Plate XIIL, fig. 167. (No. 750). A branch with two 
 flowers ; on blue and white. 
 
JAPANESE MAKKS. 225 
 
 Plate XIII, fig. 168 (No. 766). A nelumbium flower, 
 sacred to Buddha, and sometimes used as a symbol. Com- 
 pare PI. B., fig. 13. On blue ;ind white. 
 
 Plate XIII., fig. 169 (No. 894). A device like the letter G, 
 and possibly copied from that letter. It occurs on speci- 
 mens in other collections, and is generally on fine green 
 enamel porcelain, probably of the period Kang-he, 1661- 
 1722, a time when the Jesuit missionaries had great 
 influence. 
 
 Plate XIII., fig. 170 (No. 764). A seal character, Show, 
 " Longevity," known in Holland as the " spider mark." 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
 Marks of Date. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 171 (No. 1020). Yem-po nen sei, "Made 
 in the period Yem-po," A.D. 1673-1681. On a specimen 
 of Nabeshima ware, made at Iwayagawa, province of Hizen. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 172 (Nos. 1007, 1008). Bun-kua nen 
 sei, " Made in the period Bun-kua," 1804-1818. On porce- 
 lain painted in blue, probably from the province of Hizen. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 173 (No. 1012). Mei-ji nen To-yen sei, 
 " Made by To-yen in the Mei-ji period," 1868 to the present 
 time. On blue and white. The period Mei-ji also occurs 
 on No. 1390, corresponding to the year 1875. 
 
 Other Inscribed Marks. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig!' 174 (No: 987). Tai-min nen sei, "Made 
 in the period Tai-min." As there is no such Japanese nengo, 
 this is probably a copy of the Chinese Ta Ming nien chi. 
 Transfer printed in blue on a cup, with decorations executed 
 by the same process, and therefore comparatively modern. 
 Another specimen of transfer printing (No. 1014) bears 
 the date of the period Ka-yei, 1848-1854. See also PI. X., 
 fig. 124. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 175 (No. 954). Fu-ji yo Ma-kuzut.suJeuru, 
 "Made at the Fuji kiln of Makuzu.' Makuzu-gahara is 
 near Ki6to. On a curious early white piece. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 176 (No. 955, 956). Ma-kuzu yo Ko-zan 
 tsukuru, " Made by Kozan at the Makuzu kiln." On 
 .porcelain, with details modelled in relief, in biscuit. One 
 
 Q 2 
 
226 JAPANESE MAEKS. 
 
 of the Kozan family, from Makuzu-gahara, near Kioto, went 
 to Ota. See PI. XVIII., fig. 260. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 177 (No. 1003). Fuku-shun ken Oiyoku- 
 sei sei, " Made by Giyokusei, of the Fukushun (returning 
 spring) house." 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 178 (No. 1113). To-giyoku yen Oo- 
 suke sei, " Made by Gosuke, at the To-giyoku (jade pottery) 
 house, or establishment." Same as PI. X., fig. 126, with 
 the addition of the artist's' name. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 179 (No. 999). Kan-zan km sei, " Re- 
 spectfully made by Kanzan," signifying that it has been 
 made for some person of consequence. On porcelain, 
 painted in blue. For the Kanzan family see PI. XVI., 
 fig. 222. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 180 (No. 14'54). Kan-zan sei sei, "Care- 
 fully made by Kanzan." On porcelain, covered with 
 lacquer. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 181 (No. 972). San-rahw yen sei, 
 " Made at the Sanraku (three enjoyments) house." Stamped 
 in the paste on Kishiu ware, made at Otoko-yama, province 
 of Kii. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 182 (No. 1088). Ko-to, " East side of 
 lake," i.e., of Biwa. At the side, though not engraved in 
 the plate, is written Mei-ho, the painter's name. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 183 (No. 1072). Go-ro-da-yu go Shon-sui 
 tsukuru, " Made by the honourable Gorodayu Shonsui." 
 This was the name of the original introducer of porcelain- 
 making from China into Japan, where he returned about 
 1513. The specimen is certainly not as old as his time ; 
 a specimen attributed to him is xmder No. 1006. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 184 (No. 1008). Narau waga zo-sen 
 Shon-sui Qo-ro-da-yu tokoro sei, "Made in imitation of 
 my ancestor Shonsui Gorodayu." On modern blue and 
 white, probably from Hizen ; the fellow piece bears the 
 date Bun-kua, 1804-1818. 
 
 Plato XIV., fig. 185 (No. 1013). Ki-to ken Hoku-han sei, 
 " Made by Hokuhan, at the Ki-to (curious pottery) house." 
 On blue and white. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 186 (No. 978). Dai Nippon Ko-sai sei, 
 " Made by Kosai, of Great Japan." On porcelain, with 
 ornaments outlined in relief, and' filled with glazes of 
 various colours. 
 
JAPANESE MAEKS. 227 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 187 (No. 1112). Mi-kuni, "Three 
 kiDgdoms," the name of a, place in the province of Vechizen. 
 Painted in red on a greyish porcelaid stand. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 188 (.No. 997). Ki-yen tsukuru, " Made 
 by Kiyen." Engraved in the paste, on a bowl painted in 
 dark grey. 
 
 Plate XIV., fig. 189 (No. 965). Hizen-kuwan yo, " Hizen 
 pottery ;" in Chinese characterSj on porcelain T^th brown 
 glaze ; it is accompanied by a Japanese inscription, JVem- 
 boku-an Ki-zo sei, " Made by Kizo, of Nembokuan." 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 190 (No. 998). Bohachi, a painter's name. 
 On porcelain, painted in blue. The same name occurs, 
 variously written, on earthenware, for instance, Nos. 1186, 
 1316, 1317, 1318. Takahashi Dohachi, of Kiyomidsu, 
 near Kioto, commenced making porcelain painted in blue 
 (sometsuke) at the beginning of the present century. A 
 second generation of the name continues to make both 
 porcelain and faience. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 191 (Nos. 1076, 1077, 1460). Ka-hin 
 Shi-riu, " The branch factory of the river." Stamped in a 
 circle in the seal character ; on porcelain of peculiar make. 
 The mark does not appear ancient, and has not been 
 explained. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 192 (No. 1098). Fuku (Chinese Fuh), 
 "Happiness." Painted in black on a green panel. This is 
 a very common mark on Kaga ware, chiefiy on old speci- 
 mens decorated in strong colours. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 193 (No. 1456). Scm-han, a maker's 
 name. On porcelain, painted in blue, and coated with 
 black lacquer. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 194 (No. 1126). K'wa-bo, a maker's name ; 
 stamped as Bizen ware. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 195 (No. 1161). Ki, probably part of a 
 maker's name, in the Katakana character. Stamped in a 
 circle, on ware made at the Takatori factory at Sobara-mura, 
 province of Chikuzen. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 196 (No. 1164). Sei, a maker's name. 
 Stamped in the seal character, on a brown stoneware box, 
 not unlike Bizen ware. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 197 (No. 1180). K'wan-riyo, a maker's 
 name. Stamped in a panel, in the seal character, on a curious 
 piece of stoneware, roughly glazed.' 
 
228 JAPA^^ESE MARKS. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 198 (No. 11.95). Mai-ko, the name of a 
 place in the province of Banshiu near Kobi. Stamped on 
 grey stoneware with brown speckles, the letters . sunk. 
 The same mark occurs on No. 1196, but not so clearly 
 written. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 199 (No. 1205). So-ma, the name of the 
 fabric. On stonewaie covered with a grey glaze, speckled 
 and curiously indented, and often decorated with a horse. 
 This example is stamped in an oblong panel with the letters 
 in i'<elief ; on other, and probably older, specimens, it is 
 enclosed in an oval. Tiie factory is at Naga-mura, province 
 of Iwaki, one of the subdivisions of the old northern 
 province of Oshiu ; its name is said to be derived from 
 that of a prince who governed tbe province. 
 
 Plate XV.j fig. 200 (No. 1199). Yen-zan, a maker's 
 name ; stamped on a cup of Soma ware. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 201 (No. 1203). Kane-shige, a maker's 
 name ; stamped on cups of Soma ware ; the same name 
 occurs on another specimen, No. 1198, in an oval, together 
 with the usual Soma mark. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 202 (No. 1209). Yu-Ico, a maker's name ; 
 stamped in an oval on stoneware, with peculiar orange 
 painting. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 203 (No. 1212). Asa-hi, " Morning light," 
 the name of a factory at TJji, province of Yamashiro, 
 founded 164i4!-164<7. It is so called on account of the 
 colour of the ware ; stamjied on a tea bowl. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 204 (No. 1217). Ki tei; " Tortoise HaU,^' 
 the name of a firm ; stamped in a circle on ver}' coarse 
 earthenware, evidently modern. The same name occurs on 
 two specimens of porcelain, Nos. 1(K79, 1079a. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 205 (No. 1218). Rolm-bei, a maker's 
 name ; impressed mark, in the Japanese character, on 
 rudely painted pottery, said to be made at Oribe, province 
 of Ovvari. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 206 (No. 1220). Taml, the first part of a 
 maker's name. In the seal character. On green gkized 
 earthenware, either Minato or Awaji ware. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 207 (No. 1231). Min-pei,&. maker's name ; 
 on yellow glazed Awaji ware, not unlike Awata. Kishiu 
 Minpei, of the island of Awaji, learnt the potter's art from 
 Ogata Shiuhei, of Gojosaka, on the outskirts of Kioto, and 
 founded a kiln in his native island at Igano-mura, about 
 1835. 
 
JAPANESE MARKS. 229 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 208. (No. 1235). Ris-sai, a maker's 
 name ; stamped on an oval with letters in relief. A green 
 glazed ware, probably made at Awaji, or in the province of 
 Tosa. 
 
 Plate XV., fig. 209 (No. 1236). Tai-zan, a maker's 
 name ; stamped on a peculiar ware with a dull gi'ound, on 
 which scrolls in colours in relief. The Taizan family were 
 of Mizoro, near Kioto, and one of them, 'J'aizan Yohoyei, 
 recently removed thence to the neighbouring factory of 
 Awata. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 210 (No. 1250). Stamped in a vertical 
 line Nippon Ba/nko, " Banko, of Japan," and in a stamped 
 oval Da-tei tsuknru, " Made^ by Datei ; " on Bankd ware, 
 made near Kuwana, province of Is^. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 211 (No. 1256). Aka-hada, " Raw flesh," 
 the name of the fabric ; stamped in a curved panel, with 
 letters in relief, on Akahada ware, made at Koriyama, in 
 the county of Soishimo, province of Yamato. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 212 (No. 1257). Itu-sai, a maker's name ; 
 stamped on an oblong panel with sunk letters. The ware 
 is not unlike Akahada. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 213. (Nos. 1264, 1265). Riyo-zen, a 
 maker's name ; stamped in an oval with sunk letters, on 
 ware covered with a purple glaze. 
 
 Plate XV[., fig. 214 (No. 1267). Shio-sai, " Pine-tree 
 study," probably a maker's name ; stamped in a circle, the 
 letters in relief On a red ware covered with a semi- 
 transparent glaze. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 215 (No. 1279). Bun-M, a maker's name ; 
 impressed in an oval with raised letters. It accompanies 
 the Raku stamp. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 116 (No. 1281a). Shun-tei, a maker's 
 name ; stamped in an oval, the letters sunk. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 217 (No. 1283). Shun-yetsu, a maker's 
 name ; stamped in an oval, the letters sunk. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 218 (No. 1284). Masa-ki, a maker's 
 name ; stamped in an oval with raised letters ou giey 
 stoneware. Masaki Soraku was a potter of Kioto. No. 
 1285 is also by him, but not marked. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 219 (No. 1286). Boku-ko, a maker's 
 name ; on grey stoneware, moulded, very like the last. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 220 (No. 1293). Win-eei, a maker's 
 name ; stamped, with sunk letters. This mark frequently 
 
230 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
 occurs, generally stamped, but sometimes scratched in tlie 
 wet clay, and it varies minutely. Ninsei is the title tised 
 by a potter of a family at Nono-mura, named Harima- 
 Daijo Fuji-wara no Fuchi-masa, who was living about 
 1644-1651, and erected kilns at different places near Ki6to, 
 viz. : — Awata, Woro, Mizoro, Kinkozan, and Sei-kanji. 
 His name, Ninsei, was subsequently given to the wares, 
 and it does not necessarily follow that the pieces marked 
 Ninsei belong to his time, as his descendants have continued 
 the manufacture. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 221 (No. 1303). 0-ike, the name of a 
 street in Kioto, running east and west. On a crackled 
 earthenware, coarsely painted. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 222 (No. 1305). Kan-zan, a maker's 
 name ; stamped in an oval, letters sunk. The Kanzan 
 family have a kiln at Kiyomidsu, near Kioto. The present 
 maker, Kanzan Denshichi, decorates in gold on a red 
 ground in the Yeiraku style, and has invented the art 
 of ornamenting porcelain so as to imitate inlaying with 
 gold. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 223 (No. 1307). Ken-zan, a maker's 
 name; painted in large coarse characters, generally in 
 brown. The kiln at Narutaki, near Kioto, was erected by 
 Shinsho, a brother of the famous painter Ogata Korin, 
 who imitated the Ninsei ware. As the village of Narutaki 
 is situated at the foot of the hill of Atago, to the north- 
 west of the emperor's palace, a direction known iu Chinese 
 as Ken, the potter got the soubriquet of Shisui Kenzan 
 (beautiful blue hill to the north-west). He died in 1792, 
 aged 81. His successors kept up the name, and a specimen 
 in the collection (No. 1310) dated Bun-sei, 1818-1830, is 
 of the third generation. The specimens are a kind of faience 
 very boldly painted. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 224 (No. 1311). Shimieu (or Kiyomidsu) 
 Gu-sai, a maker's name ; stamped in Japanese characters 
 in a long oval, on Kioto faience. 
 
 Plato XVI., fig. 225 (No. 1083). Yei-mku (Chinese 
 Tung-lo,) " Perpetual Enjoyment." Name of the firm or 
 fabric, stamped. An ancient factory at Kioto established 
 by a family who made only earthen braziers till the tenth 
 generation, when Zeugoro Eiyozen commenced making por- 
 celain at the beginning of the present centurj'. He re- 
 ceived the title of Yeiraku from the Prince of Kii of the 
 Tokugawa family. The name may have been suggested by 
 his copying the style of the Chinese porcelain of the 
 
JAPANESE MARKS. 231 
 
 Yung-lo period. In the twelfth generation Zengoro Hozen 
 went, about 1860, to the province of Kaga and improved 
 the Kutani wares. The present maker is of the thirteenth 
 generation. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 226 (No. 1312). Yei-raku, the name of 
 the firm or fabric ; stamped with letters in relief. On a 
 yellow faience decorated in the Chinese style; other 
 varieties of the mark are on Nos. 1313, 1314. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 227 (No. 1319). Two stamped marks in 
 ovals, the upper one Tai-hei, " Peace," the lower Ho-za/n, a 
 maker's name. On a peculiar vessel of Awata ware, in the 
 form of a peach, with a scratched cyclical date. 
 
 Plate XVI., fig. 228_(Nos. 1320, 1321). Ho-zan, a 
 maker's name, stamped. On faience made at Awata, near 
 Kioto. The name of one of the original families established 
 there ; the present maker is Hozan Bunzo. The same 
 mark, but of a smaller size, is on No. 1322, and, differently 
 written, on No. 1457 (See Plate XVII. fig. 246). 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 229 (Nos. 1327, 1328). Iwa-kura-zan, 
 the name of the maker or place, neatly stamped on pale 
 yellow faience. Iwakura is a small village to the north- 
 east of Kioto. The factory was a branch of the Sei-kanji 
 kiln, established by Ninsei. However, a man of the name 
 of Iwakurazan Kichibeye is now established at Awata, 
 where he removed from Mizoro. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 230 (No. 1330). Kin-ung ken, Kin- 
 img (cloudy brocade) house, stamped. On faience made in 
 imitation of Satsuma, probably at Kioto. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 231 (No. 1332). Kin-ko-zan, the name 
 of a maker and factory, stamped on faience. This is the 
 name of one of the original families of potters near Awata 
 near Kioto, of whom the present representative is Kinkozan 
 Sobeyei. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 232 (No. 1336). Shi-gen, a maker's 
 name. Stamped in an oval with letters in relief on a very 
 roughly made tea bowl covered with inscriptions, and not 
 turned on thq lathe. Probably one of the Kioto wares. 
 
 Plate XVII. fig. 233 (No. 1338). Ma-kuzu, that is, 
 Makuzu-gahara, a place near Ki6to. For the same name 
 see Plate XIV., figs. 175, 176. 
 
 Plate XVII.,fig. 234 (No. 1342). Sei-shi, a, maker' snume, 
 stamped in an oval on a vase of pale stoneware, partially 
 glazed and well painted. 
 
232 JAPANESE MAKKS. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 235 (No. 13M). AJm-shi, tho name of a 
 place in the province of Haiima. If'aintly stamped in an 
 oval on faience, 
 
 Plate XVII,, fig. 23(; (No. 1348). Gan or Iwa, " A rock," 
 probably part of a maker's name ; stamped on a clevej-ly 
 modelled figure in pottery, pai'tially glazed, perhaps Ohi 
 ware, made near Kanazawa, province of Kaga. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig, 237 (No. 1350). Inu-yatna, the name 
 of a factory situated in the village of Inaki-mura, county of 
 Niwa, province of Owari. It is not known when it was 
 established. The mark is painted in brown, on coarsely 
 decorated stoneware. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 238 (No. 1353). Mkko, the name of a 
 place near Tokio (Yedo), where tliere is a famous temple. 
 Impressed in cursive characters on earthenware with a 
 rough glaze, like grained morocco. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 239 (No. 1354). Shu-zan, a maker's 
 name ; impressed in an oval, on stoneware coarsely painted. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 240 (No. 1357). So-hai tei, " the Sobai 
 (early plum) house " ; impressed in a long oval. On 
 earthenware coarsely decorated, but much admired in Japan; 
 on the same piece is the seal of the paintei-, Kiotaru. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 241 (No. 1358). Zen, the commence- 
 ment of a maker's uarae, like Zengoro, &c. ; impressed in a 
 hexagon On pottery with ornaments in relief and glazed 
 in various colours. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 242 (Nos. 1367, 1368). Kik-ko ov Kitzit- 
 ko, a maker's name ; impressed in an oval. On light brittle 
 ware, glazed and crackled. This is the mark of a native of 
 Osaka, who is btill living. He has established a branch of 
 the Raku fabric. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 243 (No. 1369). Kik-ko or Kitzu-ko, a 
 variety of the last, impressed in an oval. 
 
 Plate XVIL, fig. 244 (No. 1371). Ju-sanken," The Ju- 
 san (thirteen) house.'' It occurs on pieces exactly similar 
 to those on which the name Kikko appears, and is therefore 
 probably of the same fabric. 
 
 Plate XVIL, fig. 245 (No. 1372). K'wan-kei, a maker's 
 name ; stamped in an oval in the seal character. On glazed 
 pottery. 
 
 Plate XVIL, fig. 246 (No. 1457). Ho-zan, a maker's 
 nil me. Painted on pottery coated with red lacquer. The 
 Hozan family are of Kioto. See Plate XVI., figs, 227, 228. 
 
JAPANESE MARES. 2S3 
 
 Plate XVII, fig. 247 (No. 14o9). Yashi/ma., the name 
 of a place near Osaka ; stamped in a circle. On pottery 
 coated with lacquer. 
 
 Plate XVII., fig. 248 (No. 14G0). Ho-raku, the name of 
 a fabric ; stamped in a circle in the seal character. On 
 pottery coated with lacqner. The factorj'^ was erected in 
 1820, near the town of Nagoya, province of Owari, by a 
 man named Toyosuke, on the Raku system. He seems to 
 have invented this particular mode of lacquering earthen- 
 ware, which is sometimes called from him Toyosuke yaki. 
 
 Plate XVIIL, iig. 249 (No. 1223). Sen-shiu Sakcoi moto 
 Minato yaki Kichi-ye-mon, " Original Minato ware of 
 Kichiyemon [made at] Sakai [province of] Senshiu " ; in 
 a quadrangular stamp ; the same inscription occurs on 
 No. 1224, but is smaller. On No. 1222 is the stamp 
 "Minato-yaki" alone. Minato (port) ware is made near 
 Sakai, province of Idsumi, also called Senshiu. It is said 
 that the priest Giyoki, the supposed inventor or introducer 
 of the potter's wheel, commenced working here. In the 
 16th century a brittle ware was made, a kind of biscuit ; 
 afterwards the ware was covered with a thin glaze, like 
 Cochin Chinese wares. 
 
 Plate XVIIL, fig. 250 (No. 1259). Ohi, the name of a 
 place ; stamped in a circle ; varieties of the same mark 
 occur on Nos. 1258, 1260. Ohi-machi (Ohi Street) is on 
 the boundaries of the town of Kanazawa, province of Kaga. 
 A factory was established there on the Eaku system in 
 1680 by Chozayeraon. The ware is denser than the Raku 
 ware, and has a bright orange-brown glaze. This mark is 
 said to have been used by the 10th Chozayemon. 
 
 Plate XVIIL, fig. 251 (Nos. 1268, 1269). Kagura 
 probably the name of a firm or fabric. It properly signifies 
 " Divine Music." Stamped in a circle. 
 
 Plate XVIIL, fig. 252 (No. 1272). Raku (enjoyment), 
 the name of a fabric. About 1558-1569, a Corean named 
 Ameya came to Kioto, and made pottery with a clay 
 found at Shiraku, a part of Kioto. He died in 1574, and 
 was succeeded by Ids son Tanaka Chojiro, who received- 
 from the famous Hideyoshi, commonly known as Taiko, 
 a gold seal on which was engraved Rahw, " enjoyment." 
 This was used to impress the mark on the ware, which 
 was called after it. In the next generation the gold seal 
 was lost, and each manufacturer adopted a seal of his 
 own, always however with the same word. In the tenth 
 generation the Prince of Kii bestowed a seal on the maker, 
 
234 JAPANESE MARKS, 
 
 which was also used. The present maker, Kichizayemon, 
 is the eleventh in descent from the original founder of the 
 fabric. Specimens of all but the first generation are pre- 
 served in the South Kensington Museum. 
 
 Plate XVIII., fig. 253 (No. 1270). Raku, " Enjoyment," 
 a variety of the same mark as the last. 
 
 Plate XVIII., fig. 254 (No. 1272). Rahw, "Enjoyment," 
 another variety of the same mark, in a more abbreviated 
 character. 
 
 Plate XVIII., fig. 255 (No. 1274). Sei-nei, a maker's 
 name ; stamped in a gourd-shaped panel, with the letters 
 in relief. On a specimen of Raku ware, accompanied by 
 the usual stamp. 
 
 Plate XVIIl., fig. 256 (Nos. 1362, 1363). Ho-raku 
 " Profuse enjoyment," the name of a maker or fabric ; stamped 
 in an oblong enclosed in an oval with the letters in relief. 
 (See Plate XVII., fig. 248.) 
 
 Plate XVIII., fig. 257 (No. 1365). Go-raku ken sei, 
 " Made at the Goraku (deferred pleasure) house ;" stamped 
 in a circle with the characters in relief. On a red ware 
 with a peculiar sugary glaze. Sometimes attributed to 
 Akahada. The name of the house is taken from the 
 Chinese classics. 
 
 Plate XVIII., fig. 258 (No. 1214). Ji-zan saku, "Made 
 by Jizan ;" stamped in an oblong with letters in relief. On 
 a rough red bowl, with a sugary glaze like the last. 
 
 Plate XVIII., fig. 259 (No. 1254). Aka-hada yama, the 
 name of the fabric, followed by a circular seal Boku-haku, 
 the artist's signature. This factory is situated at Kori- 
 yama, county of Soishimo, province of Yamato, and was 
 founded about 1644-1648. At first it only made utensils 
 for the tea clubs. The ware is stated to resemble Hagi, 
 but composed of a different clay. Akahada literally means 
 " raw flesh." 
 
 Plate XVIII., fig. 260 (No. 1284). Ma-kuzu Ko-zan sei, 
 " Made by Kozan of Makuzu ;" stamped in^a gourd-shaped 
 panel. This is the mark of the fabric at Ota, near Yoko- 
 hama, established after the opening of the harbour to 
 European trade by a merchant of Yokohama, named Suzuki 
 Yasubeye, to make imitations of Satsuma ware, the clay 
 being brought from that province. He brought from the 
 fabric at Kiyomidsu, near Kioto, a potter named Kozan, • 
 residing at Makuzu-gahara, Kioto, whose productions are 
 good imitations of Satsuma. (See also Plate XIV., figs. 175, 
 176.) 
 
DRESDEN COLLECTION. 235 
 
 DRESDEN COLLECTION. 
 
 In various parts of this catalogue reference has been 
 made to the numbers of the Dresden Collection, and it may- 
 be therefore desirable to give some explanation of them. ' 
 
 The Dresden collection of porcelain is probably the most 
 ancient in Europe as far as the Oriental portion is con- 
 cerned. According to its learned Director, Dr. Theodore 
 Graesse, it was chiefly brought together by Augustus the 
 Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, between 
 the years 1694-1705. These specimens were afterwards 
 made use of to decorate the Dutch, or as it was subsequently 
 called, the Japanese, Palace. After being for many years 
 stored away in the vaults of the Palace, they have now 
 been set out in the Johanneum, where they are well seen. 
 
 In order, it is said, to prevent the courtiers from making 
 away with the royal property, every specimen in the old 
 collection was marked with numbers, accompanied by various 
 signs, engraved through the glaze on the lathe, and therefore 
 indelible. To avoid high numbers and to facilitate classifi- 
 cation, a particular sign was used for each kind of porcelain. 
 These marks must have been put on at an early date, as 
 they are only to be found on the more ancient specimens of 
 Meissen porcelain in the collection at Dresden. 
 
 The present inventory is dated 1779, but is believed to be 
 only a copy of a much older document of the same kind. 
 By the kindness of Dr. Graesse I have been able to examine 
 these volumes, and with the following results : — 
 
 The volumes are five in numbei-. 
 
 Vol. I. is an inventory of miscellaneous objects, lacquers, 
 carvings, &c. 
 
 Vol. II. Saxon or Meissen porcelain and Bottger ware. 
 
 Vol III. Japanese porcelain, distinguished , by the 
 addition of a cross to the number. 
 
 Vol. IV. 1. " Green Chinese porcelain " (that is, principally 
 painted in green enamel), marked by an jI^ . 
 
 2. White Chinese porcelain, marked with a triangle. 
 
 3. " Red Chinese porcelain " (that is, principally de- 
 
 corated in red), marked with an arrow. 
 Vol. V. I.. Blue and white "Indian porcelain" (chiefly 
 Chinese blue and white), including crackle. 
 Marked with a zig-zag line. 
 
 2. " Old Indian porcelain." Marked with a parallelo- 
 
 gram. 
 
 3. " Indian and Saxon black porcelain/' Marked with 
 
 a P. 
 
236 DRESDEN COLLECTION. 
 
 All but the last of these signs are to be found in the 
 collection, and are represented in the engravings ; the zig- 
 zag on Plate IX. tig. ] 09, and the others in the accompanj'- 
 ing figures 261-265. The following are the numbers of 
 'the specimens from which these marks have been copied : — 
 The zig-zag, Plate IX., fig. 109, on No. 581 ; the cross, fig. 
 261, on No. 1057, the a , fig. 262 on No. 900 ; the triangle, 
 fig. 263, on No. 683 ; the arrow, fig. 264, on No. 1099 ;, 
 the parallelogram, fig. 265, on No. 1400. 
 
 The cross mark is of value as showing the opinion enter- 
 tained in Europe at so early a time as to what was 
 Japanese, but must of course be accepted with some reserve. 
 It may be added that nearly all the Japanese specimens are 
 what we know as " Old Japan," made in Imari for ex- 
 portation. The triangle is useful to help us in distin- 
 guishing white Oriental from early Dresden, Fulham, or 
 Plymonih porcelain, which were close copies of the first. 
 The most curious specimens are those marked with a 
 parallelogram, and are called Old Indian. Many of these 
 appear to me to be Oriental porcelain, originally white, and 
 decorated in Europe, probably in Holland. The same 
 style of painting is to be found on five vases bearing the 
 arms and initials of Augustus the Strong, said to have been 
 ordered for the King by the Dutch in 1703, but pro- 
 bably executed in Holland. These vases seem to be 
 Chinese porcelain with ornaments in very low relief, over 
 which the arms have been painted, together with a 
 decoration in the Japanese style. 
 
 N"^50 ^=9 ^^ 
 
 >^=Z- 
 
 
 A 
 
 Fig. 26i. Fio. 262. 
 
 Fig. 263. 
 
 
 
 Fig. 264. 
 
 Fig. 265. 
 
237 
 
 SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS, &c. 
 
 We are so much accustomed in Europe to ornament 
 being applied to works of art simply to please the eye, 
 that we are apt to think that tlie same rule prevails every- 
 where. The truth is tliat many of the devices we employ 
 belong to faiths long passed away, such as the religions 
 of Greece and Rome, or are derived from sources so widely 
 divergent that in combination they become incongruous 
 and unmeaning. 
 
 Sach is not, however, the case in the far East, especially 
 in China, where each colour and each flower has its appro- 
 priate meaning and purpose. lu Japun some of the de- 
 signs on pottery and porcelain are derived from the history 
 and mythology of those Islands, or adapted from the quaint 
 heraldry of the noble families ; but the art of making por- 
 celain having been learnt from China, and Chinese porcelain 
 being much valued, we often find copies of Chinese devices 
 on Japanese porcelain, though more rarely on Japanese 
 potteiy. 
 
 To explain fully the numerous devices which appear on 
 Oriental porcelain would require considerable space and 
 more information than we at present possess, information 
 moreover of a kind not easily obtained. It must be remem- 
 bered that there are three different religions in China, and 
 that the followers of one of them is rarely able to explain 
 the devices belonging to another. I propose, therefore, 
 only to notice such as occur more comraonlj-. 
 
 S^JMBOLS. 
 
 [Plates A, B.] 
 
 The first to be noticed are the peculiar figures which 
 have been termed symbols, and which are more usually found 
 on Chinese than on Japanese porcelain. These symbols 
 are generally eight in number, although the individual 
 forms are apt to vary. 
 
 The number eight is somewhat of a favourite among the 
 Chinese, perhaps on account of the Pa-kwa or eight mys- 
 tical trigrams, to be described hereafter ; but it is also a 
 number which admits of being symmetrically arranged. 
 
 I am indebted to Dr. Bushell, of H.B.M. Legation at Pekin, 
 for native drawings of several sets of symbols, together 
 with an account of them, from which it appears that we 
 may divide them into three classes : — 
 
 1. The 23'^-9<^''^'Si6n, or emblems of the eight immortals, 
 which do not very frequently occur on porcelain as symbols, 
 
238 SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 and will be described under the head of the eight immortals. 
 These are especially Taoist. 
 
 2. The pa-chi-siang, or " eight lucky emblems " of the 
 Buddhists, represented in Plate B. ; they ornament the 
 borders of two bowls, No. 362, bearing the dates of the 
 periods extending from 1796 to 1851. These are carved 
 in wood or made in clay, and offered on the altar of every 
 Chinese Buddhist Temple, as well as repeated ad infinitum 
 in architectural decoration ; they are derived from India, 
 and are of course used principally by the Buddhists. 
 
 3. The ordinary pa-pao, or " eight precious things," some 
 of which are represented in Plate A., taken chiefly from a 
 vase. No. 326, which may probably be as old as the reign of 
 Kang-he (1661-1722); they are very variable, and do not 
 seem to be connected with any special religion. 
 
 Some of these symbols have already been noticed as 
 marks, and thej'- generally may be distinguished from other 
 ornaments by ribbons or fillets entwined around them. 
 Several of them are figured in Jacquemart and Le Blant, 
 p. 249, where, however, they are not correctly explained. 
 
 The Ordinary Symbols. 
 
 Plate A. fig. 1. An oblate spherical object, represented 
 sometimes white and sometimes yellow, with a ribbon en- 
 twined around it. This represents a pearl (Ghin), and has 
 been already noticed as a mark (Plate V. fig. 79, Plate XIII. 
 fig. 163) ; its name likewise occurs as a mark (Plate IV. 
 fig. 56) ; this object is frequently represented in the air with 
 dragons, who appear to be emitting it from their mouths ; 
 occasionally rays of effulgence issues from it. In a Japanese 
 legfind, connected with the conquest of Corea by Zingu, 
 widow of the Mikado, A.D. 200, we find the following 
 curious incident. She convokes the kami or genii, and one 
 of them, Isora, is charged to go to the dragon's castle at 
 the bottom of the ocean and obtain the magic pearls of the 
 flux and reflux, by means of which she gains the victory. 
 (Siebold, Voyage au Japon, V. 232.) 
 
 Plate A. fig. 2. A circular object, apparently hollow, 
 and enclosing a square. This is described by M. Jacquemart 
 as a houei, or a stone of honour for magistrates. It does not, 
 however, appear to agree with the description of this stone 
 or sceptre, as given in Williams' Dictionary, under kwei, 
 where it is described as " a tablet with rounded top and 
 square base^ and made nine, seven, or five inches long. 
 
SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS. 239 
 
 according to the bearer's rank." This object is probably 
 a coin, a symbol of i-iches, and often forms a border to 
 plates (see No. 410.), and occurs as a mark, Plate XIII. 
 fig. 164. 
 
 Plate A. fig. 3. A lozenge-shaped object, apparently an 
 open frame, as the fillets show through it. This is also 
 termed a kouei by M. Jacquemart. Two lozenges, with the 
 ends overlapping, are used to represent the dual symbol 
 (fang shang). 
 
 Plate A. fig. 4. A lozenge-shaped object, with a com- 
 partment in the upper side, perhaps a variant of that last 
 described. A somewhat similar object is designated by M. 
 Jacquemart as a sounding stone, for which, Jhowever, the 
 next specimen seems better suited. This and the preceding 
 symbol are used as marks, see Plate VII. figs. 82, 84. 
 
 Plate A. fig. 5, An object somewhat like a mason's 
 square. This is no doubt what is described by Williams as 
 a sonorous stone or bronze plate, used instead of a bell in 
 China, and termed king. He states that figures of this 
 instrument are seen carved on the ends of rafters, etc., as an 
 emblem of the difierent character with the same sound, 
 which signifies "goodness," "happiness," or "luck." 
 
 Plate A. fig. 6. Two oblong objects placed close together, 
 exactly alike, and probably representing books'. It occurs 
 as a mark, Plate XIII. fig. 166. 
 
 Plate A.- fig. 7. A pair of curved objects, intended to 
 represent rhinoceros horns (se keo.) This may be the 
 same as the mark given in Plate VII. fig. 90. On a small 
 bowl. No. 359, is represented a figure carrying an object 
 very similar. 
 
 Plate A. fig. 8. A leaf, of variable form, probably a 
 leaf of the artemisia (ai yeh) an emblem of good augury. It 
 is also a mark, see Plate VIII. fig. 94. 
 
 Instead of these symbols are sometimes to be found the 
 shell, a flower, and two fishes, which will be described in 
 the series given in the next plate, as well as a branch of 
 coral, a silver ingot, cake of ink, etc. 
 
 The symbols are also sometimes seen carried by a pro- 
 cession of fantastic figures, possibly tribute bearers from 
 the tribes of the Man or southern barbarians. 
 
 Buddhist Symbols. 
 
 Plate B. fig. 9. A bell (ehung). This is generally 
 replaced by the hin or chakra, the wheel of the law. 
 A 167. ^ 
 
240 SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 Plate B. i5g. 10. An univalve shell Q,6), the chank shell 
 of the Buddhists. A shell was lent by the Government to the 
 ambassadors to Loochoo to ensure them a prosperous voyage. 
 
 Plate B. fig. 11. A state umbrella, {san), possibly in- 
 tended for the Wan-min-san, " The umbrella often thousand 
 people," which is presented to a mandarin on his leaving 
 his district, as a token of the purity of his administration. 
 
 Plate B. fig. 12. A canopy (hae). 
 
 Plate B. fig. 13. The lotus flower (hwa). This symbol 
 is never represented with fillets : it occurs not uncommonly 
 as a mark, see Plate VIII. figs. 95, 96. Although properly 
 the sacred lotus of the Buddhists, it is often represented 
 more like a peony, or any other flower. 
 
 Plate B. fig, 14. A vase with cover, (kwan). 
 
 Plate B. fig. 15. . Two fishes (yu) united by fillets. 
 This occurs as mark (Plate VII.. figs. 85-87), and may also 
 allude to domestic felicity. A freshwater fish like a perch was 
 called Fii, and was supposed to go. about in pairs, faithful 
 to each other. It has exactly the same sound as Fu, 
 " Kiches." 
 
 Plate B. fig. 16. An angular knot, the intestines (chang), 
 an emblem of longevity. It occurs as a mark. See Plate 
 IX. fig. 107. 
 
 An elaborate set of these Buddhist symbols, though with 
 some variations, are represented on a pair of fine eggshell 
 vases in the possession of Mr. Willoughby Loudon, engraved 
 in Marryat (1868), plate iii. fig. 5. 
 
 Other Symbolical Devices. 
 
 Plate C. fig. 17. A seal character for Show, longevity, 
 arranged, in an ornamental form. This character is repre- 
 sented in no less than 100 difierent ways, and often occurs 
 on porcelain. That engraved is from a saucer. No. 392, 
 where it is surrounded by five bats. It may also be found 
 as a mark, Plate V. fig. 60, Plate XIII. fig. 170. 
 
 Plate C. fig. 18. A bat. This animal is constantly 
 represented on Chinese works of Art, and the cause of its 
 presence is a singular one. Though written with a different 
 character, the name of the bat, Fuh, has exactly the same 
 sound as Fuh, happiness, and it is therefore very com- 
 monly used as a synonym for the latter. The figure is 
 taken from a saucer, No. 392, where there are five bats ; 
 the same number occurs on a bowl, No. 458. These five 
 bats symbolize the five blessings or happinesses, viz. : 1. 
 
SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS. 241 
 
 Longevity. 2. Eiches. 3. Peacefulness. 4. Love of virtue. 
 5i A happy death. 
 
 Plate C. fig. 19. The famous set of eight trigrams, 
 known as the Pa-kwa. They consist of combinations' of 
 broken and entire lines, each differently placed. The entire 
 lines represent the male, strong, or celestial element in 
 nature, and the broken, the female, weak, or terrestrial. 
 Each group has its own name, and even the dishes at a 
 feast are arranged in accordance with these diagrams. 
 They are said to have been first published by Fuh-hi, the 
 legendary founder of the Chinese polity, who is stated to 
 have lived B.C. 2852 to 2738, and to whom they were 
 revealed by a dragon-horse. By them the Chinese philoso- 
 phers attempted to explain all the secrets of nature and of 
 being. The diagram here given is the oldest arrangement, 
 in which they are supposed to be in connexion with the 
 points of the compass, the north and south being, however, 
 reversed, according to the Chinese system. For further 
 particulars, see Mayers' Chinese Keader's Manual, p. 333. 
 
 These trigrams are represented on several specimens in 
 the collection. See Nos. 71, 157, 368, 1470. The circular 
 figure in the centre is the mystical device, the Yang and 
 Yin, the male and female elements of nature. This device 
 is not unfrequently employed as an ornament in China. 
 
 THE EIGHT IMMORTALS. 
 Plates D. — G. 
 
 The Pa Sien, or eight immortals, are legendary beings of 
 the Taoist sect, said to have lived at various times and 
 attained immortality. They are not unfrequently depicted 
 on porcelain, and as no representations of them have ap- 
 peared, as far as I am aware, in any European work, I have 
 thought it desirable to give engravings of them, copied 
 from a vase in the collection, No 322. They are also to be 
 found as separate figures, of which there are two sets, one 
 standing, the other seated (see Nos. 301a to 309 and 826 to 
 828) ; sometimes they ornament the edges of plates, stand- 
 ing on various animals among the waves of the sea (Nos. 
 476, 863 to 865), and their symbols occasionally occur as 
 devices. 
 
 The following are their names in the sequence in which 
 they are represented in the engravings ; tlieir order, however, 
 
 R 2 
 
242 THE EIGHT IMMORTALS. 
 
 differs in various lists, see Williams' Dictionary, sub voce 
 " Sien," and Mayers' Chinese Readers' Manual, p. 338, 
 from which latter most of the information here given is 
 derived. 
 
 1. Han Chung-le [PI. D.] Said to have lived under 
 the Chow dynasty, which lasted from B.C. 1122-249, and 
 to have obtained possession of the elixir of immortality. 
 He is generally represented as a fat man with a bare belly, 
 and holds in his hand a fan with which he is said to revive 
 the souls of the dead. His emblem is a fan (shan). He is 
 also known as Chnng-le Kwan. 
 
 2. Lett Tung-pin [PI. D.], bom A.D. 755. _ While a 
 magistrate of the district of Teh-hwa he is said to have 
 encountered Han Chung-le among the recesses of the Lu 
 Shan, from whom he learnt the mysteries of alchemy and 
 of the elixir of immortality. He was exposed to a series of 
 temptations, ten in number, and having overcome them, was 
 invested with a sword of supernatural power, with which 
 he traversed the empire, slaying dragons and ridding the 
 earth of divers kinds of evil for upwards of 400 years. His 
 emblem is a sword (keen). 
 
 3. Le Tee-kwae [PI. E.] It is uncertain when he lived ; 
 he was instructed in Taoist lore by Lao Tsze himself, who 
 used to summon him to interviews in the celestial spheres. 
 To do this his spirit had to leave his body, which he en- 
 trusted to the care of a disciple. On one occasion the 
 disciple was summoned away, and when the disembodied 
 spirit returned the body was gone. Le Tee-kwae therefore 
 took refuge in the body of a lame beggar, in whose shape 
 he continued his existence, supporting himself on a crutch 
 or staff. His emblem is the pilgrim's gourd (hu-lu), and 
 he holds a staff in his hand, 
 
 4. TsAOU Kwo-Kiu [PI. E.] Said to be the son of 
 Tsaou Pin, a military commander who died A.D. 999, and 
 brother of the Empress Tsaou How. He is thei'eforo repre- 
 sented as wearing a court head dress. His emblem is a 
 pair of castanets (pan), which he holds in one hand. 
 
 5. LAN TsAE-HO [PL F.] Of uncertain sex, but 
 generally considered a female. In the engraving a male 
 figure is represented, carrying a flower basket (hwa-lan), 
 which is the usual emblem. 
 
 6. Chang Ko-laou [PI. F.] Said to have flourished 
 towards the close of the 7th and middle of the 8th centuries. 
 He was a great necromancer, and used to be accompanied 
 
THE EIGHT UfMOETALS. 243 
 
 by a white mule, which carried him immense distances, and 
 when not reqviired, was folded up and put away. The 
 Emperor Ming Hwang summoned him to his court, but he 
 refused to go. He is represented with a bamboo tube 
 (yii-ku), a kind of musical instrument used by Taoists, and 
 two rods to beat it ; the latter are sometimes placed in the 
 tube, forming his emblem. 
 
 7. Han Seasg-tsze [PL G.] Said to be a great- 
 nephew of the statesman and philosopher Han Yu (who 
 lived A.D. 768-824). He was a pupil of Leu Tung-Pin, 
 by whom he was carried to the fabulous peach tree of the 
 genii, but fell from its branches. He is represented as a 
 flute player, and his emblem is a flute (tieh). 
 
 8. Ho Seen-koo [PL G.] Stated to have been the 
 daughter of Ho Tai, of Tseng-cheng near Canton. She used 
 to indulge in solitary wanderings among the hills ; and re- 
 jecting the ordinary food of mortals, ate the powder of 
 mother-of-pearl, which was supposed to produce immortality. 
 She was summoned to the court of the Empress Wu (A.I). 
 690—705), but on her way disappeared. She carries in her 
 hand a lotus flower (leen-hwa), which forms her emblem. 
 
 EMBLEMS OF LO^'GEVITY. 
 
 The greatest desire of a Chinaman is long life, which 
 prolongs his enjoyment of this world's goods, and ensures his 
 receiving the respect paid to old age in a countiy governed 
 by the maxims of Confucius. Longevity is therefore the 
 first and greatest of the Woo Fuh or " Five Blessings." 
 
 The Taoists, or followers of Lao Tsze, carried this still 
 further, spending their time like the rhediaeval alchemists, 
 in the search after the elixir of immortality. 
 
 As might therefore be expected, the emblems of lon- 
 gevity occur very frequently on porcelain, and take a great 
 variety of forms, all symbolising good wishes to the pos- 
 sessor ; it may be therefore useftil briefly to describe these 
 emblems. 
 
 One of the commonest of the seal characters with which 
 porcelain is decorated is the word show (Japanese ju or z'yu) 
 " Longevity " (see PL C. fig. 17), of which the varieties are 
 endless. On a vase published by M. Jacquemart (1873, p. 
 44) a number of different forms occur. A set of a hundred 
 varieties is on a roll in the British Museum, another set is 
 ^ven in Hooper and Phillips' Manual of Marks. Tlie word 
 
244 EMBLEMS OF LONUEVITy. 
 
 is also used as a mark on porcelain (see PI, V. fig. ^ ; XI. 
 fig. 134 ; XIII. fig 170,), 
 
 We also find statuettes and representations of the god of 
 longevity, with an elongated bald head, holding a sceptre 
 of longevity, resting on a deer or riding on a stork or tor- 
 toise. For a Chinese example see No. 1472, and for Japanese 
 (Jurojin), Nos. 463, 950. 
 
 A knot pattern (Chinese chang, Japanese c^o) is also used 
 as an emblem of long life, more especially in China. It is a 
 Buddhist symbol, the intestines, and is represented in PL B. 
 fig. 16 ; it also occurs as a mark on PI. JX. fig. 107. It is 
 to be observed that the line forming it has neither begin- 
 ning nor end. 
 
 Among the animals connected with longevity should 
 be mentioned the fabulous ICi-lin, though it was rather 
 employed as a symbol of good government, which its 
 appearance was supposed to herald. It was said to attain 
 the age of 1,000 years. It must, however, be remembered 
 that most of the animals commonly termed Kyl/iTis are 
 other monsters, especially the fabulous lion of Corea. The 
 true k'i-lin is represented with the body and hoofs of a deer, 
 the tail of a bull, and a single horn on his forehead. 
 
 The deer (Chinese luh, Japanese roku) is also an emblem 
 of longefvity. A white stag frequently accompanies the 
 god of longevity. It sometimes carries in its mouth another 
 emblemj the fungus. A deer, however, is also used as a 
 symbol of official emolument or prosperity, having the same 
 sound as the word for the latter (luh). It is probably for 
 this reason that we find a fawn accompanying the Japanese . 
 god of talent Toshi-toku. 
 
 The hare (Chiuese tu, Japanese usagi) is sacred to the 
 moon, where the Taoists believe it to live, pounding the 
 drugs that form the elixir of life. It is stated to live 1,000 
 years, and to become white when it has reached the first 
 500 years. The hare, often miscalled a rabbit, occurs on 
 porcelain, both as a decoration and as a mark (see PI. VII. 
 fig. 89, PI. XIII. fig. 165). 
 
 The fox (Chinese hw, Japanese kitsiu-ne) is considered, 
 especially in Japan, as a very mysterious animal. There 
 are several wonderful legends concerning it in Mitford's 
 Tales of Old Japan. It is said to attain the same age as 
 the hare, when it is admitted to the heavens and becomes 
 the celestial fox. It is probably owing to the connexion 
 with longevity that it occurs on a teapot, No. 934. 
 
EMBLEMS 01' LONGEVITY. 245 
 
 The tortoise (Chinese kwei, Japanese Jd or kame) was 
 also a supernatural, animal, and its shell was used in 
 divination. The tortoise with a hairy tail is depicted in 
 Japan as an attendant on the god of old age, and is used 
 as an emblem of longevity. A Chinese phrase Kwei-ho- 
 tung-chun, signifies "May your days be as long as the 
 " tortoise and stork." 
 
 The stork (Chinese ho, Japanese isuru) is one of the 
 commonest emblems of longevity. It is said to reach a 
 fabulous age, and when 600 years old to drink, but no 
 longer eat ; after 2,000 years to turn black. It occurs as a 
 mark, PL IX. fig. 109. 
 
 Among plants are three trees, which though not all 
 strictly speaking emblems of longevity are closely connected 
 with it ; these are the pine tree, bamboo, and plum. These 
 three trees are termed by the Japanese in combination 
 8ho-chiku-bai. The Chinese say "the pine, bamboo, and 
 " plum are like three friends, because they keep green in 
 " cold weather." 
 
 The pine tree (Chinese sung, Japanese Tnatsu) is a very 
 common emblem, and to be found on many specimens in 
 the collection. Its sap was said to turn into amber when 
 the tree was 1,000 years old. 
 
 The bamboo (Chinese chuh, Japanese take) is another 
 emblem, owing probably to its durability. Its elegant form 
 causes it frequently to be depicted on works of art, both 
 in China and Japan. 
 
 The plum tree or prunus (Chinese mei, Japanese rtm/me), 
 though not properly an emblem of longevity, is indirectly 
 connected with it, as the philosopher Lao Tsze, the founder 
 of the Taoist sect, is said to have been bom under a plum 
 tree. It forms the decotation of the porcelain erroneously 
 termed " may flower " or " hawthorn pattern." 
 
 The peach (Chinese too, Japanese momo) is a symbol of 
 marriage, but also of longevity. Great virtues were attri- 
 buted to the peach, especially that which grew near the 
 palace of Si Wang Mu, Queen of the Genii, on which the 
 fruit ripened but once in 3,000 years. It is represented 
 with a bat, as a mark in PI. VIII. fig. 101. 
 
 The gourd (Chinese hu-hb, Japanese hiotan or fuJcu he) 
 is also an emblem of longevity, especially in Japan, owing 
 perhaps to its durability when dried. It forms part of a 
 mark in PI. VI. fig. 75. 
 
246 EMBLEMS OF LONGEVITY. 
 
 Of all plants, however, the most common emblem of lon- 
 gevity is th.e fungus (Chinese chi or 1/mg-chi, Japanese rei- 
 shi), which has been already mentioned under No. 709. The 
 fungus in question is probably the Polyporus lucidus, which 
 when dried is very durable. It is preserved in temples 
 and is often represented in connexion with Lao Tsze and 
 the immortals. It occurs as a mark PI. VIII. fig. 97-100, 
 and is a very common ornament on porcelain. 
 
 Though not strictly an emblem of longevity, it may be 
 weU to mention the Joo-e or sceptre of longevity (literally 
 " as you wish "), which is often given at marriages and to 
 friends for good luck. It is made of a great variety of 
 materials, such as jade, enamelled metal, lacquer, &c. It 
 is often represented in the hand of the god of longevity, 
 and the head of one forms the mark PI. IX. fig. 105, 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by Gbobqis E. Etre and WnxiAu Sfothswoodk, 
 
 Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 
 
 For Her M^esty's Stationery Office. 
 
 [16383.— 1000.— 3/78.] 
 
PLATE I. 
 
 Fis. 1. 
 
 3t 
 
 A.D. 1721. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 yden-pung. 1078-1086. 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
 # }« 
 
 a t^ 
 
 HUNG-woo. 1368-1399. 
 
 Fig. 4. 
 
 i^ ^ 
 
 a ^ 
 
 TUNG-LO. 1403-1425. 
 
 Fig. 5. 
 
 ^ :k 
 
 Fig. 6. 
 
 ^ M 
 
 't9 *i# 
 
 SBDEN-TIH. 1426-1436. 
 
 CHIng-hwa. 1465-1488. 
 
 Fig. 7. 
 
 ^ BE 
 
 OHING-HWA. 1465-1488. 
 
 Fis. 10. 
 
 m * 
 
 KBA-TSING. 1522-1567. 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 Fig. 9. 
 
 m ?A 
 
 HONG-CHE. 1488-1506. 
 
 ^ m 
 
 CHIN6-TIH. 1506-1522. 
 
 Fig. 11. 
 
 # M 
 
 LUNG-KING. 1567-1573. 
 
 Fig. 12. 
 
 WAN-LBIH. 1573-1620. 
 
 CHINESE DATE BIARKS. 
 
PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. 13. 
 
 Fig. 14. 
 
 SHUK-CHB. 1644-1661. 
 
 
 KANG-HE. 1661-1722. 
 
 Fig. 15. 
 
 IE ± 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 YUNQ-OHIITG. 1723-1736 
 
 
 Fig. 16. Fig. 17. 
 
 KEEN-LUNG. 1736-1795. KEA-KING. 1736-1821. 
 
 Fig. 18. 
 
 % it 
 
 TAOU-KWANG. 1821-1851 
 
 I'iG. m. 
 
 # ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Fig. 20. 
 
 ^ m 
 
 s m 
 
 Fig. 21. 
 
 :*: 
 
 HEEN-ruNG. 1851-1862. TUNG-CHE. 1862-1875. 
 
 KWANG-SHIU. 1875. 
 
 FiO. 22. 
 
 CSS 
 
 u 
 
 n-n 
 
 fH 
 
 Fig. 23. 
 
 I'll 
 
 KING-TE. 1004-1007. 
 
 -^ (T\ 
 
 YUMG-LO. 1403-1425. 
 
 CHINESE DATE MAEKS. 
 
PLATE III. 
 
 Fig. 24. 
 
 in I 
 
 3 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 ra 
 
 seuen-tih. 1426-1436. 
 Fig. 26. 
 
 KEKN-LUNG. 1736-1795. 
 
 Fig. 2.'). 
 
 '^'m 
 
 ^M 
 
 TUNG-CUING. 1723-1736. 
 
 Fig. 27. 
 
 im 
 
 Clrjg 
 
 KEEN-I.UNG. 1736-1795. 
 
 Fig. 28. 
 
 i 
 
 n-qi 
 
 m 
 
 LjJ 
 
 [D 
 
 Kf:A-KiKG. 1796-1821. 
 
 Fig. 29. 
 
 3<« 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 ID 
 
 T.401T-KWANG. 1821-1851. 
 
 Fig. 30. 
 
 
 HEEN-PtTNG. 1851-1862. 
 
 Fig. 31. 
 
 
 TUNG-CHE. 1862-1875. 
 
 CHINESE DATE MAKKS. 
 
PLATE IV. 
 
 Fig. 32. 
 
 3E I 
 
 i 
 
 Fig. 35. 
 
 iUt> 
 
 Fig. 33. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Fig. 36. 
 
 t m 
 
 Fig. 34. 
 
 ^ fi 
 
 Fig. 37. 
 
 jUlC 
 
 Fig. 38. 
 
 
 Fig. 39. 
 
 2 
 
 Fig. 40. 
 
 5 
 
 Fig. 41. 
 
 ^f^ 
 
 « J 
 
 Fig. 42. 
 
 3^ 
 
 Fig. 43. 
 
 3g^ 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE V. 
 
 Fig. 44. 
 
 m ft 
 
 Fig. 45. 
 
 
 Fig. 4C. 
 
 Uj ^ 
 4- * 
 
 Fig. 47. 
 
 Fig. 48. 
 
 Fig. 49. 
 
 
 Fig. 50. 
 
 3^ 
 
 Fig. 51. 
 
 Fig. 52. 
 
 Fig. 53. 
 
 Fig. 54. 
 1^ 
 
 Fig. 55. 
 
 Fig. 66. 
 
 Fig. 57. 
 
 * 
 
 Fig. 58. 
 
 Fig. 59. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Fig. 60. 
 
 Fig. 61. 
 
 ffl 
 
 Fig. 62. 
 
 Fig. 63. 
 
 H! 
 
 Fig. 64. 
 
 Fig. 65. 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 Fio. 66. 
 
 A 167. 
 
PLATE VI. 
 
 Fig. 67. 
 
 Pig. 68. 
 
 Fig. 69. 
 
 Fig. 70. 
 
 t 
 
 \m 
 m 
 
 Fig. 73. 
 Is? 
 
 Fig. 71. 
 
 Fig. 72. 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 Uti 
 
 Fig. 74. 
 
 Fig. 75. 
 
 Fig. 76. 
 
 H 
 
 ■i-^-Z 
 
 Fig. 77. 
 
 s 
 
 ';r 
 
 Fig. 78. 
 
 h 
 
 '1^ 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
 S 2 
 
PLATE VII. 
 
 Fig. 79. 
 
 Fig. 80. 
 
 Fig. 81. 
 
 Fig. 82. 
 
 Fig. 83. 
 
 Fiti. 85. 
 
 Fig. 88. 
 
 Fig. 86. 
 
 Fig. 89. 
 
 Fig. 84. 
 
 Fic. 87. 
 
 Fig. 90. 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE VIII. 
 
 i'lG. 91. 
 
 Fin. fl;i. 
 
 Fig. 92. 
 
 Fie. 94. 
 
 Fig. 9.5. 
 
 Fig. 9C. 
 
 Fig. 97. 
 
 Fig. 98. 
 
 Fig. 99. 
 
 Fig. 100. 
 
 Fig 101. 
 
 a^ 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE IX. 
 
 Fig. 103. 
 
 Fig. 103. 
 
 Fig. 104. 
 
 Fig. 105. 
 
 Fig. 106. 
 
 \^J 
 
 GOP 
 
 j^ 
 
 Fig. 107. 
 
 Fig. 108. 
 
 Fig. 109, 
 
 
 Fig. no. 
 
 Fig. 111. 
 
 Fig. 113. 
 
 Fig. 113. 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE X. 
 
 Fig. 114. 
 
 ii J?. 
 
 Fig. 117. 
 
 ^ :^ 
 
 ^ a 
 
 m * 
 
 Fig. 120. 
 
 # 
 
 Fio. 123. 
 
 4t RH 
 
 Fig. 126. 
 
 m 
 2 
 
 Fio. 115. 
 
 Fig. 118. 
 
 * ± 
 
 
 
 Jt * 
 
 Fig. 121. 
 
 1^ 
 
 Fig. 124. 
 
 f3 RM 
 
 Fig. 127. 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 Fig. 116. 
 
 Fio. 119. 
 
 m ^ 
 
 Fig. 122. 
 
 ^ B 
 
 Fig. 125. 
 
 fci=» 
 
 ^ M 
 
 ^ 
 
 Fig. 138. 
 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE XL 
 
 Tie. 139. 
 
 I'lO. 130. 
 
 Fie. 131. 
 
 Fig. 132. 
 
 Fig. 135. 
 
 Fig. 133. 
 
 a 
 
 Fig. 136. 
 
 Fig. 134. 
 
 
 730 
 
 Fig. 137. 
 
 Wi 
 
 i 
 
 Fig. 138. 
 
 S 
 ^ 
 
 Fig. 139. 
 
 Fig. 140. 
 
 <d 
 
 fy 
 
 Fio. 141. 
 
 Fig. 142. 
 
 Fig. 143. 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE XII. 
 
 Fig. 144. 
 
 A.D. 1808. 
 
 Fig. 145. 
 
 m ^ 
 
 t'ien-k'i. 1621-27. 
 
 Fig. 146. 
 
 # 
 
 
 TSUNG-CHING. 1628-44. 
 
 Fig. 147. 
 
 Fig. 148. 
 
 1 £ 
 
 aw 
 
 ^ 
 
 Fig. 149. 
 
 IS i^ 
 S HI 
 
 Fig. 150. 
 
 St u 
 
 m m 
 
 Fig. 151. 
 
 m 
 
 Fig. 152. 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 Fig. 153. 
 
 S 
 
 Fig. 154. 
 
 Fig. 155. 
 
 i 
 
 Fig. 156. 
 
 n 
 
 CHINESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE XIII. 
 
 Fig. 157. 
 
 Fig. 158. 
 
 
 Fig. 159. 
 
 Fig. 160. 
 
 Fig. 161. 
 
 m 
 
 Fig. 164, 
 
 Fig. 162. I Fig. 163. 
 
 Fig. 165. 
 
 Fig. 166. 
 
 Fig. 167. 
 
 Fig. 168. 
 
 Fig. 169. Fig. 170. 
 
 G 
 
 CHINESE MAKKS. 
 
 A 167. 
 
PLATE XIV. 
 
 Fig. 171. 
 
 ¥ m 
 
 A.D. 1673-1681. 
 
 PlO. 172. 
 A.T). 1804-1818. 
 
 Fig. 173. 
 
 m m 
 m 7^ 
 m ^ 
 
 A.D. 1868- I 
 
 Fig. 174. 
 
 Fig. 175. 
 
 m. 
 
 ^ 
 
 m- 
 
 Fig. 179. 
 
 M 111 
 
 Fig. 176. 
 
 
 III 
 
 Fig. 177. 
 
 5 ^ 
 
 Fig. 180. 
 
 Fig. 181. 
 
 ^ ii 
 
 Fig. 178. 
 
 m s 
 
 Fig. 182. 
 
 5*^ 
 
 i 
 
 Fig. 183. 
 
 m ^ 
 
 3w ;^ 
 
 Fig. 187. 
 
 
 Fig. 184. 
 
 m ^ 
 
 Fig. 185. 
 
 M If 
 
 Fig. 188. 
 
 
 Fig. 186. 
 
 Fig. 189. 
 
 SB 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
 T 2 
 
PLATE XV. 
 
 Fig. 190. 
 
 1 
 
 > V 
 
 Fig. 191. 
 
 Fig. 192. 
 
 Fig. 193. 
 
 Fig. 194. 
 
 Fig. 195. 
 
 Fig. 196. 
 
 n 
 
 Fig. 197. 
 
 Fig. 198. I Fig. 199. 
 
 Fig. 200. 
 
 Fig. 201. 
 
 "^ 
 
 Fig. 202. 
 
 Fig. 203. | Fig. 204. 
 
 1^ 
 
 Fig. 205. 
 
 Fig. 206. 
 
 m 
 
 Fig. 207. 
 
 Fig. 208. 
 
 Fig. 209. 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
Fig. 210. 
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 Fig. 211. 
 
 Fig. 212. 
 
 
 Fid. 213. 
 
 T 
 
 Fig. 214. 
 
 Fig. 215. 
 
 Fi;}. 216. 
 
 Fig. 217. 
 
 Fig. 218. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Fig. 219. 
 
 Fig. 220. 
 
 i% 
 
 Fig. 221. 
 
 # 
 
 Fig. 222. 
 
 Fig. 223. 
 
 Fig. 224. 
 
 Fig. 225. 
 
 Fig. 226. 
 
 
 N^^:^ 
 
 Fig. 227. 
 
 Fig. 228. 
 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS . 
 
PLATE XVir. • 
 
 Fig. 229. 
 
 GS> 
 
 CA5 
 
 Fig. 230. 
 
 4^ 
 
 Fig. 231. 
 
 tU 
 
 Fig. 232. 
 
 Fig. 233. 
 
 4 
 
 Fig. 234. 
 
 Fig. 235. 
 
 Fig. 236. 
 
 Fig. 237. Fig. 238. Fig. 239. 
 
 * 
 
 Fig. 241. 
 
 Fig. 245. 
 
 I 
 
 Vw.24ii. 
 
 O 
 I®) 
 
 Fig. 243. 
 
 i 
 
 Fig. 246. Fig. 247. 
 
 a- 
 
 Fig. 240. 
 
 v^/ 
 
 Fig. 244. 
 
 Fig. 248. 
 
 JAPANESE MARKS. 
 
PLATE XVill. 
 
 l!'l<J. 24!). 
 
 
 \%A 
 
 Vw. UM. 
 
 f'ic. 2rii. 
 
 Kkj. ^Sii. 
 
 Fii;. 255. 
 
 Fio. 258. 
 
 m£i 
 
 Fio. 254. 
 
 Vw. 256. ! I'IG. 257. 
 
 J''i(;. l-'OH. 
 
 
 Ki(i. tir,<.). 
 
 i'lO. 260. 
 
 JAPANESr: MARKS. 
 
PLATE A, 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
 Fife. 4. 
 
 Fig'. 5. 
 
 Fio. fi. 
 
 Fig- 7. 
 
 Fir.. 
 
 SYMBOLICAL OKNAME>'TS. 
 
PLATE B. 
 
 Fig. 9. 
 
 Fi». 10. 
 
 Fig. 11. 
 
 Fig. 12. 
 
 Fig. 13. 
 
 Fig. 14. 
 
 Fig. 15. 
 
 Fig. 16. 
 
 SYMBOLICAL OENAMBNTS. 
 
PLATE C. 
 
 Fig. 17. 
 
 Fig. 18. 
 
 Fig. 19. 
 
 III l^' ill 
 % — // 
 
 SYMBOLICAL ()RNAMP:NTS. 
 
 A 167. 
 
PLATE I). 
 
 HAN CHUNG-LE and LEU TUNG-PIN, 
 
PLATE E. 
 
 LE TEE-KWAE and TSAOU KWO-KIU. 
 
PLATE ¥. 
 
 LL^^v -^ja 
 
 LAN TSAE-HO and CHANG KO-LAOU. 
 
PliATE G. 
 
 HAN SEANG-TSZE anp HO SEEN-KOO.