Marbles and Bronzes IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE NB87.B86'°M3" ""'""'"' ^'"^^^ '^if.'l'j'fs and bronzes; 3 1924 030 664 951 Overs DATE DUE NOV "^ ■^nvflT" 1 2 »^^ F^-O^ L> tOAAD ") trti^ ,^ ^ itt l»p™'»-'-'-»' 'Sm^mAuAk^ ^^il CAYUORD PRINTEDIM US A. Cornell University Library '^IS) h' The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030664951 BRITISH MUSEUM MARBLES AND BRONZES FIFTY PLATES FROM SELECTED SUBJECTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES EDITED BY A. H. SMITH, M.A., KEEPER OF THE DEPARTMENT LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. Sold at the British Museum ; and by Messrs. Longmans & Co., 39, Paternoster Row ; Mr. Bernard Quaritch, ii, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W. ; Messrs. Asher & Co., 14, Bedford Street, Covent Garden ; and Mr. HUMPHREY MiLFORU, OXFORD University Press, Amen Corner. 1914 [All rights reserved. \ LONDMN : TRIN'TEP BV ^VILMAM CLOWES AND S'i>-s, UMITKn, TH'KE STREKT. STAMFORD STREET, S.E., ANLi GREAT ■\Vn*I)3IILL ■TREET, W. PREFACE The fifty plates which are here collected in a volume were originally designed for sale singly. They are now bound together, for the use of those who prefer the complete series. Brief notices of the subjects are annexed. The student who wishes to pursue the matter farther is referred to the Catalogue of Sculpture in the British Museum by A. H. Smith (1892-1904) and to the Catalogue of Bronzes in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities by H. B. Walters (1899). The Parthenon is not included in the present series, since its sculptures are represented in the large work. The Sculptures of the Parthenon (by A. H. Smith, 1910) and elsewhere. The Portland Vase (plate .50) cannot properly claim a place in the series, but its inclusion in the volume will probably be acceptable. A. H. SMITH. 10th March, 1914. LIST OF PLATES. PLATE. 1. Beliefs from the west side of the early Lycian Monument known as the Harpy Tomb. The tomb chamber surmounted a shaft, and was enclosed by four sides, witli external reliefs. The west side has a small doorway into the chamber, sur- mounted by a rehef of a cow suckling a calf. Three women, with offerings of a pomegranate, flower and fruit, and an egg, approach an enthroned figure with flower and fruit. At the opposite end of the relief is a corresponding figure with a libation bowl. The interpretation of the relief is uncertain, but the subject is probably an act of adoration of heroified ancestors. Early Greek Sculpture, of about 550 B.C. From Xanthos in Lycia. Gat. of Sculpture, I. No. 94. 2. A young ApoUo, of athletic type. About 500 B.C. This is one of the most advanced of a series of nude male figures, in which there is some uncertainty as to whether the subject represented is god or athlete, since the same sculptural type served for both purposes. iVom the collection of Viscount Strangford. Gat. of Sculpture, I. No. 206. Fig. 1. — Bust of Pbeicles (Plate 7). ApoUo, of an early Attic type. This is a copy of a lost statue (of about 460 B.C.), which cannot now be identified with certainty. The right hand held a thong (perhaps that of a boxer's caestus) which is preserved on the surface of the tree stump. From the collection of Count Choiseul-Gouffier. Gat. of Sculpture, I. No. 208. Figure of one of the so-called Caryatids of the Erechtheum at Athens. This Athenian maiden and five companions served as architectural supports for the south portico of the Erechtheum, on the Acropolis of Athens. The figure is so lightly and easily poised, with one knee slightly bent, that no sense of fatigue is conveyed to the spectators. On the other hand, the statue, with its ample breadth and pronounced vertical lines, forms a satis- factory architectural member. Female figures thus used in architecture were called Caryatids in later antiquity. In the inscription with the report of the Commissioners appointed to survey the Erechtheum the figures are merely called "maidens." About 415 B.C. Cat. of Scul/pture, I. No. 407. PLATE. 5. The Diadumenos of Vaison. Statue of a young athlete tying a fillet round his head (Greek diadoumenos). A replica of a famous work by the sculptor Polycleitos of Argos. The original was a bronze of about 450 B.C. From Vaison, in the South-East of France. Purchased in 1870. Cat. of Sculpture, I. No. 500. 6. The Farnese Diadumenos. The subject is the same as that of the preceding plate, but the type is different, and probably Attic. The youth is slighter and younger. From the collection of the ex-King of Naples, at the Farnese Palace, Eome. Purchased in 1864. Cat. of Sculpture, I. No. 501. 7. 10. Bust of Pericles, with the helmet of an Athenian general. The name is inscribed, in characters of about the 2nd century B.C. (c/. Fig. 1). It is possible that the portrait is copied from a work by the sculptor Cresilas, on the Acropolis. From the Towneley Collection. Cat. of Sculpture, I. No. 549. See also Arndt, Griechische Portrdts, Nos. 411-416 (text). Pig. 2. — The Mausoledm (Plates 10-12). {JRestored by Adler.) Head of Asclepios, god of Medicine. A colossal ideal head. The type might be that of Zeus, but it also corresponds with various representations of Asclepios, and the head was found in company with two votive inscriptions to Asclepios (or Aesculapius) and Hygieia. Early 4th century B.C. From the Blacas collection (1867). Gat. of Sculpture, I. No. 550. Nereid (or sea-nymph) running over the waves. Between her feet is a sea-bird, not easily distinguished as the head and wing were separate pieces of marble, now wanting. The statue is derived from the so-called Nereid Monument at Xanthos in Lycia. It was a splendid tomb of the beginning of the 4th century B.C., in which Nereids occupied the spaces between the columns of its colonnade. Discovered and obtained by Sir Charles Fellows, 1838-42 Gat. of Sculpture, II. No. 912. Mausolos, Prince of Caria, and his wife Artemisia. She, on the death of her husband (353 B.C.), began the construction of a splendid tomb, which bore his name, being called the Mausoleum. The structure consisted of a base, and a colonnade surmounted by a pyramid, which supported a chariot group. These statues of Mausolos and Artemisia are believed to have stood in the chariot (c/. Fig. 2). Excavated by Sir Charles Newton on the site of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassos in Asia Minor, in 1856. Gat of Sculpture, II. Nos. 1000, 1001. LIST OF PLATES. PLATE. 11. Foreparb of a colossal horse, being one of the horses of the chariot group of the Mausoleum described above (No. 10). The original bronze bit and bridle are preserved. Cat. of Sculftura, II. No. 1002. 12. Equestrian torso from the Mausoleum. A figure in Oriental dress, with trousers and tunic, has a firm seat on a rearing horse, and grips the reins with clenched left hand. This striking fragment of what must have been a splendid piece of sculpture was found within the area of the Mausoleum (see above. No. 10). Gat. of Smlpture, II. No. 1045. 13. Sculptured drum, from the lower part of one of the columns of the great temple of Artemis (Diana) at Bphesus. This was a peculiar architectural feature which occurred in both the older and later temples of Artemis, but is hardly found elsewhere. The subject of the relief is uncertain. According to the inter- pretation commonly received, Alcestis, who died to save her husband, is being called back to the upper world by Hermes. Death (the winged figure with a sword) gives his consent. About 325 B.C. Excavated by Mr. J. T. Wood, 1871. Gat. of Sculpture, II. No 1706. 14. Demeter of Cnidos. This statue was found within a tcmcnos or sacred enclosure dedicated to Demeter and certain other deities at Cnidos in Asia Minor. The figure can hardly be other than Demeter, pensive and sorrowful for the loss of her daughter, Persephone. A work of about 350 B.C. Excavated in 1858 by Sir C. T. Newton. Gat. of Sculpture, II. No. 1300. 15. Demeter of Cnidos. The head alone. (See above, No. 14.) 16. Apollo, as a lyre-player (eitharoedos), resting from his music. Copied from a lost original, probably of the 4th century B.C. The present figure is made up of 123 fragments, and was found by Capt. E. Murdoch Smith, E.E., and Commander Porcher, E.N., in 1861, on the site of the Temple of Apollo at Cyrene (N. Africa). Gat. of Scidpture, II. No. 1380. 17. Endymion, the shepherd boy, asleep on Mount Latmos, where, according to the legend, he was nightly visited by Artemis (Diana). Grasco-Eoman sculpture, of the 1st century a.d. From Eoma Vecchia. Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture III. No. 1567. 18. Aphrodite. The arms are restored, and their original positions are unknown. An early Grseco-Eoman copy of a lost original, perhaps of the 4th century B.C. Found at Ostia. From the Towneley Collection, and commonly known as the Towneley Aphrodite (or Venus). Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1574. 19. Hermes. Probably copied from a lost work of the school of Praxiteles. Several other copies are known, which prove that the original was a work of importance. From the collection of the ex-King of Naples at the Farnese Palace, Eome. Purchased 1864. Gat. of Sculpttire, III. No. 1599. 20. Head of young Dionysos. Youthful head with a languorous expression, and flowing curls about which an ivy wreath is twined. Worked to fit into a socket on a statue. Late Hellenistic work. Found near Eome. Purchased 1879. Gat. of Sculptiire, III. No. 1627. PLATE. 21. Bust of young Heracles, wreathed with poplar. Probably a Grceco-Eoman copy from a work of the school of Scopas (4th century B.C.). Found at Genzano. Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1731. 22. Figure of a boy. The interpretation has been much disputed, bat the subject may be a victorious boy athlete, after an original of the school of Polyeleitos (6th century B.C.). From the collection of the sculptor Eichard Westmacott. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1754. 23. Head of a GauHsh warrior, with the long hair, heavy eyebrows and moustache that mark the type. The work is after an original of the school of Pergamon (late 3rd century B.C.). From the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1770. 24. Germania (?). Female head of a barbarian type, perhaps a personification of Germania. Presented by the Hon. Mrs. Darner. Gat. of Sciilpture, III. No. 1771. 25. Heroic head. The statue to which the type of head belongs, is that of a figure (formerly called Jason or Cincinnatus, but more probably Hermes) binding a sandal. Perhaps of the school of Lysippos (4th century B.C.). Found at Ostia, and restored by Flaxman ; once in the collection of Samuel Eogers. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1785. 26. Head of Alexander (?). Youthful head, with locks of hair rising in the middle of the forehead and faUing to each side, and prominent brows. The head has been commonly known as Alexander, but its agreement with other renderings of the portrait is not very close, and it may be that the head is a 4th-3rd century work, influenced only by the traditional treat- ment of the head of Alexander. Bought in 1879. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1858. 27. Head of Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.). Bought in 1818. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1870. 28. Bust called Antonia or Clytie (misprinted " Clytis " on the plate). This famous bust used to be fancifully known as Clytie, a deserted, love of the sun -god Helios. It is, however, evidently a portrait of a lady of the Augustan age, as shown by the dressing of the hair. It has been identified as Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony, and mother of Germanicus (36 b.c. — circa 38 A.D.). From the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1874. 29. Bust of Augustus (63 B.C.-14 a.d.). This bust was once in the collection of Edmund Burke. of Sculpture, III. No. 1877. Gat. 30. Head of Nero (37-68 a.d.). The type is that of his later years. Brought from Athens by Dr. Askew in 1740, and afterwards in the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1887. 31. Bust of Trajan (53-117 a.d.). Found in the Eoman Campagna. From the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1893. 32. Bust of Hadrian (76-138 a.d.). Formerly in the Villa Montalto at Eome. From the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1897. LIST OF PLATES. PLATE. 33. Bust of Antinous, the favourite of Hadrian (about 110-130 a.d.). He is here represented with the ivy wreath of Dionysos. The head, which is mounted on a modern bust, is probably derived from a statue of heroic size. The fragments of it are said to have been found with the head on the Janiculan hill at Rome. From the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 1899. J t > PLATE. 34. 35. 36. |»f;< :ovMt.'HJt"wJot "*'*t oanieiA fiMHpoiMYOor '^ Utopia roiHiiI TPArniiA komaaia Tijii * pe" Fig. 3. — Apotheosis of Homee (Plate 36). Bust of Marcus Aurelius, emperor and philosopher (121- 180 A.D.) He wears a beaded fillet, a wreath of bearded corn, and a veil, being the sacrificial costume of the College of Arval Brothers. This was an ancient corporation, whose primary duty was to conduct annual sacrifices to the goddess Dea Dia, on behalf of the crops. From the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture., III. No. 1907. Eelief representing a visit paid by Dionysos to the house of a mortal, perhaps Icarios, an Athenian who received the god hospitably, and was taught by him the art of making wine. Dionysos appears in his Indian form, bearded and corpulent, and accompanied by his train. In the background a Satyr is decking the house with festoons. A work of the younger Attic school. From the Towneley Collection. Cat. of Sculpture, No. 2190. The Apotheosis of Homer (c/. Fig. 3). In the upper part of the scene are Jupiter, Apollo, and the nine Muses on a hill in which is a cave. Beside it is a statue of a poet, perhaps the dedicator of the relief. In the lowest line of the relief. Homer is enthroned between kneeling figures of Iliad and Odyssey. Behind him are Time and the World ; before him are personifications of History, Myth, Poetry, Tragedy and Comedy. Nature, Virtue, Memory, Faith, and Wisdom stand in a group on the right. The relief is inscribed with the name of the sculptor Archelaos, son of Apollonios of Priene. 3rd century B.C. V^A^XE:AA02;ATTOAAn.N10YYl _ ^S'rrOrH2:ETtPIHNEY^ N 40, lA. AjO^cAaos AttoXAcdviou iiroLrjcre Ilpirjvevi;. Found at Bovillae. Purchased in 1819. Gat. of Sculpture III. No. 2191. 37. Eelief of a Maenad in frenzy, with a dagger and half of a slain kid. A Grmco-Eoman copy of a type of the younger Attic school. From the Towneley Collection. Gat. of Sculpture, III. No. 2194. 38. Meleager. Heroic head, on a modern bust, of the type of the Meleager of the Vatican. A work of the 4th century b.c. Purchased in 1906 from the Carlisle Collection. 39. Aphrodite. Colossal bronze head in fine ideal style, of the 4th century B.C. Prom a statue. The head is probably of Aphrodite, though the identification cannot be certainly established. Said to have been found at Satala, in Armenia Minor. Purchased in 1873. Cat. of Bronzes, No. 266. Pig. 4.— Hypnos (Plate 40). Hypnos or Sleep. Winged head from a statue. The type of the complete figure is that of a youth, half running, and half hovering, with a poppy seed-vessel and a horn in his hands. The bronze is here shown attached to a cast of the body of the figure, taken from a replica of the statue at Madrid. A work of the 4th century B.C., perhaps of the school of Praxiteles. From Perugia. Purchased in 1868. Gat. of Bronzes, No. 267. LIST OF PLATES. 42. '1.3, A bronze head with vivid portraiture Africa. Tire eyes have been inlaid with the substance remains in the sockets. PLATE. 41. Head ot an African, of a native of North enamel, and part of 3rd century B.C. (?). Found at Cyrene, in 1861, by Captain E. Murdoch Smith, R.E., and Commander Porcher, E.N., on the original Hoor of the Temple of Apollo, and buried deep below a mosaic pavement of later date. Cat. of Bronzes, No. 268. 44. 4.5. Fig. 5. — The Discobolos correctly Restored (Plate 47). The Satyr Marsyas starting back, in surprise. The subject is probably derived from a group by Myron (5th century b.c), showing Athena rejecting the pipes (which disfigured her face), in the presence of Marsyas. The Satyr picked them up, and so incurred the wrath of the goddess. From Patras. Purchased in 1876. Cat. of Bronzes, No. 269. Two-handled bronze vase (Amphora), richly decorated. The handles are in the form of athletic nude figures straining back- wards, and supporting conventionally-treated lions with each hand. Below each is a finely-chased Siren on an inverted palmette. 5th-4th century B.C. Purchased from the Pourtales Collection, in 1865. Cat. of Bronzes, No. 557. Aphrodite. Statuette of Aphrodite Anadyomene (coming up from the waves). She appears to be tying a fillet round her head. Probably after a type of the 4th century B.C. Found in the Peloponnesus, and formerly in the Nani Collec- tion at Venice. Afterwards in the Pourtales Collection, from which it was purchased in 1865. Cat. of Bronzes, No. 1084. Head of Augustus, represented as in early manhood. The bust is in remarkable preservation, the inlaid eyeballs which are usually missing in ancient bronzes being perfectly preserved. It was discovered in December, 1910, liy Prof. .John Garstang, who was carrying on excavations at Meroe (Kabusliia), in the Egyptian Sudan on behalf of the Sudan Excavations Committee of the University of Livei-pool. The bronze was acquired liy the British Museum, in 1911, through the liberality of the Sudan Excavation Committee, in consideration of a contribution towards further excavations, made by the National Art-Collections Fund. PLATE. 46. Pielief from a mirror case, repousse, punched and chased. Aphrodite, accompanied by Erotes, withdraws her veil and looks at a young Phrygian (proljably Anchises, father of Aeneas) who is seated at her side. 4th century B.C. From Paramythia, in Epirus. Purchased in 1904 from the Hawkins Collection, with the aid of the National Art-Collections Fund. Compare Cat. of Bronzes, No. 287. 47. The Discobolos (or disk-thrower) of Myron. The head of the copy is antique but does not Ijelong to the statue. It is, in fact, a replica ot the Rogers Head, No. 25. The correct pose of the head should he such that the eye follows the right hand (cf. Fig. 5). From the Towneley Collection. Ca.t. ejf Scu.lpture, I. 250. 8. Head of Persia (V). An ideal female head wearing the Persian costume, and perhaps a personification of the country. The lower part of the neck and the bust are restorations. Graeco- Eoman sculpture, 1st century a.d. Formerly in the Villa Montalto and the Towneley Collection. Ccot. of Sculpture, No. 1769. 49. 50. A Mourning Woman, closely draped in a large mantle, and finely composed. The type is of the 4th century b.c. The date of the statue is uncertain. In Eoman times it was set in its present base, which is inscribed with the name of Maximina, wife of Sextilius Clemens. Purchased in 1907, from tlie collection of the Duke of Sutherland at Trentham Hall. Fig. 6. — The Portland Vase (Plate 50). The Portland Vase. A glass vase, in layers of dark blue and opaque white, the white layer being carved in relief, in the manner of a cameo. The subjects are doubtful, but appear to be scenes from the story of Peleus and Thetis. On the side shown in the plate Peleus watches Thetis asleep, in the presence of Aphrodite. The work is of the 1st century a.d. The vase was found (according to a tradition of questionable value) in a marble sarcophagus in the Monte del Grano, near Eomc. It was formerly in the Barberini Palace, whence it passed to the collection of the Dukes of Portland, by whom it has been deposited in the British Museum. It was wantonly broken by a visitor in 1845. .:^ Z^^/^ly '^ v'v-1^- :?^ y<^^:yz-/^ i%.>-^ir. i.\Sfj^ ST RANG FORD APOLLO, f 2 O 6 I CHOISEUU-GOUFFIER APOLLO -■"-ATID OF THE ERECHTHEUM DIADUMENOS OF VAISON ( SO O) .i>0'//Ji-jA. .^^^^^^ FARNESE DIADUMENOS PERICLES ASC LEP lOS , (550 ) 'i^'U'^^^y^ ^f'-'^>?*^- T^^' N E R El D (■ 9 12) .^''U.£i<>^ ^'/■'U4i^Xe-'-A'' ^. ^i^J^tt- r-^ FARNESE HERMES (15 9 9) c^>/i^^/^ M^^. I'OUNG DION-ySOS { I 5 27 t HERACLES : H'/u-li^-^i- ■ '.^-^e^'-^t ty/n-' WESTMACOTT BOY. ' I 7 54- J .^/uM/y^y^ 'I'wyj^^^m. '. HEADOFA GAUL ( I770I Mc^-^i- .^''/^u^-^-^-''^'^' ■ic ' ^7-. ?■i(i.':y,*>t"■ C E R M AN I A I 1 771 I B R iTi ■;. [-1 HEROIC HEAD (l78 5) ALEXANDER (1858 j JULIUS CAESAR (I870) ANTONIAorCLYTIS (1874) AUGUSTUS (l877) NERO (1887) ■:jjaii^j&%s,ki TRAJAN ^'l 8 9 3) t MTI jhl I 1MSE ur-1 HADRIAN (1897) ANTINOUS ( i 8 9 9) BRITIShI [.lUSEIJ MARCUS AURELIUS [1907) o o: < u L. o y 01 D O 5 01 r o CO ^^ /LOy^t^ S~' L^/ -U U -^^ia APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER (2191) MAENAD IN FRENZV- ( 2 I 94 ) BRrrio H i-iijsEur--i CARLISLE MELEAGER ci^^ji-;^ '^ ^u^A£^. APH rodite; (£66) -,JSt.^;fe'- HYPNOS OR SLEEP. (25 7) JSj^^fev4.,.-^^J< ■i^'jx.-'l ■S^'u.i.^sv ^:,x AFRICAN FROM CYRENE (26S ) MARSYAS ( 269 ) 4-3 JS'wE-^ .^;!i«i^. POURTALES VASE ( 5S7 ) ^t^i^.uy^Mec<'?n^. POURTAL&S APHRODITE, ''cnr,Uf, IJne6,f'h' THE PORTLAND VASH