Cornell Uniwersity Library HD8039.T32U5 1910 ... Investigation of telephone companies 3 1924 002 355 257 THE LIBRARY OF THE NEW YORK STATE SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002355257 J. w 61ST CONGRESS 2d session 1909-1910 SENATE DOCUMENTS 1 yp(Y^yYjKA^-(l- , J. ^1- 1.-^- Vol, 49 WASHINGTON : : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ; ; 1910 = = ---r ^ J ' - ■ 61st CONGEESS \ * ' ' aFNATW ^ /DOCUMENT INVESTIGATION OF TELEPHONE COMPANIES LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OP COMMERCE AND LABOR TRANSMITTING, IN RESPONSE TO A SENATE RESOLUTION OF MAY 28, 1908, A REPORT SHOWING THE RESULTS OF AN INVESTIGATION MADE BY THE BU- REAU OF LABOR INTO TELEPHONE COMPANIES EN- GAGED IN THE CONDUCT OF INTERSTATE BUSINESS FEBRUARY 24, 1910 Referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce and ordered to be printed, with illustrations WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1910 OOl^TE^TS. \ Page. Letters op Transmittal 3 Chapter I. — General Discussion of Conditions in Telephone Companies. 7-113 Scope of the investigation 9-12 Housing of exchanges 12-15 Equipment 15, 16 ' Organization of the labor force 17-19 Application and entrance examination 19-22 Training schools 22-24 Working shifts or tricks and hours of labor for operators 24-28 Working hours and hours of labor. . . , 28-38 Character and severity of the work 38-76 Description of telephone work 39-44 Up reach and side reach on switchboard 45-48 Length of service of operators 48-54 Team work 54, 55 Supervision 55 The public and the operator 56, 57 Time limit for making connections 57-59 Breaking point of efficiency 59-76 Presents and preferential calls 75-78 ~ Strikes and telephone operators' unions 78 Care for health of operatives and welfare work 78-84 ' Wages 84-97 Rates charged for service 97, 98 General summary and review 98-113 Chapter II. — ^Analysis of Tables 115-120 Chapter III. — General Tables •. 121-322 Table I. — Employment and working conditions, in specified telephone companies, as reported by officials of the companies 123-150 A. — Location and size of operating rooms and air space per person. . 123-127 B. — Time allowance for handling calls, plug connections per hour, length of overtime day and rate paid, minimum age of employees, and wages at beginning work 128-131 0. — Shifts required, companies previding night alarms and in which overtime work is optional and holidays and vacations granted . 132-135 D. — Rates charged for telephone service 136-144 E. — Distribution of operators, original calls, and average calls per oper- ator during each hour of the day 145-150 Table II. — ^Working conditions in specified telephone companies, as re- ported by special agents 152-155 5 6 CONTENTS. Chapter III. — General Tables — Concluded. Page. Table III. — Summary of employment and working conditions in telephone companies, as reported by employees 156-169 A. — Occupation, sex, length of employment in telephone service, and age of employees at entering service 156-159 B. — Lunch time, relief, and number of employees working overtime. 160-163 C. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, health, care of operating set, and number of employees who live at home or board and who ride or walk to work 164—169 Table IV. — Summary, for all telephone companies, of employment and workittg conditions, as reported by employees 170-179 A. — Occupation, sex, length of employment in telephone service, and age of employees at entering service 170, 171 B.^ — Lunch time, relief, and nmnber of employees working overtime. 172-175 C. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, health, care of operating set, and number of employees who live at home or board and who ride or walk to work 174-179 Table V. — Rates of wages and earnings of employees in certain telephone companies during a pay-roll period in 1908, as reported by officials of the companies 180-322 A. — Classified rates of wages and hours of labor, by occupations 180-273 B. — Summary, for telephone systems, of classified rates of wages and hours of labor, by occupations 274-301 C. — Number and per cent of employees whose earnings during their respective pay-roll period were less, equal to, or greater than full-time earnings at specified rates 302-317 D. — Summary, for telephone systems, of number and per cent of em- ployees whose earnings during their respective pay-roll period were less, equal to, or greater than full-time earnings at speci- fied rates 317, 318 E. — Number and per cent of operators, by classified wage groups. . . 319-322 Appendix A. — Forms of schedules used in telephone investigation 325-332 Appendix B. — Specimen of first lessons in telephone operating 333-340 CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION OF CONDITIONS IN TELE- PHONE COMPANIES. CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION OF CONDITIONS IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES. SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION. This report on telephone companies is the result of an investigation conducted by the Bureau of Labor, by direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, in accordance with Senate Resolution No. 205 of the Sixtieth Congress, first session, requiring the Secretary of Commerce and Labor "to institute an investigation into all the tele- graph and telephone companies engaged in the conduct of an inter- state business as to the methods used in handling the public's business, the wages paid telegraphers, telephone operators, and other employees of such companies, and the working conditions of the employees thereof, together with a statement of the receipts and expenditures of such companies for a period of five years." The report on tele- graph companies was presented in Senate Document No. 725, Feb- ruary 16, 1909. (») Eeports were received from 27 companies reporting operations in 26 States. (") The companies are presented under three groups: The Bell Telephone System, the Independent Telephone Companies, and the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. The first group comprises the following companies : The Bell Tele- phone Company of Missouri, including the various exchanges located in the city of St. Louis, Mo., and its suburbs, also East St. Louis, 111. ; The Bell Telephone Company of Philadelphia, covering various exchanges of the city and its suburbs; The Central District and Print- ing Telegraph Company, Pittsburg, Pa., city and suburban exchanges; Central Union Telephone Company, Indianapolis, Ind. ; Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company, Baltimore, Md., and Washington, D. C; Chicago Telephone Company, Chicago, 111., its city and sub- urban exchanges, including the exchanges in Waukegan, Evanston, oThe schedules used in collecting the information here presented were known as B. L. 429, 430, 433, and 435, and are given in Appendix A, pp. 325 et seq. of this report. 6 The States from which reports were received were Alabama, California" Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsyl- vania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Washington, and the District of Columbia. 10 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. and Aurora, 111. ; The Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Com- pany, including its city and suburban exchanges; Citizens' Telephone Company, Covington, Ky. ; Cleveland Telephone Company, Cleve- land, Ohio; Colorado Telephone Company, Denver, Colo.; Cumber- land Telephone and Telegraph Company, Louisville, Ky., Nashville, Tenn., and New Orleans, La.; The Missouri and Kansas Telephone Company, embracing the city and suburban exchanges of Kansas City, Mo., with its division having headquarters at Armstrong, Mo., Topeka, Kans., and Wellington, Kans., which includes 5 towns of 25,000 population and over and 91 smaller cities and towns located in various sections of Missouri and Kansas; Nebraska Telephone Company, Omaha, Nebr. ; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, covering the central district of the company embracing the exchanges of Boston, and various suburban cities and towns; New York Telephone Company, including the exchanges of Greater New York; Northwestern Telephone Exchange Company, Minneap- olis, Minn., embracing the exchanges of Minneapolis, Minn., St. Paul, Minn., and the divisions located at Fargo, N. Dak., Sioux Falls, S. Dak., Red Wing, Minn., and Anoka, Minn., these latter divisions including 23 cities and towns having a population less than 25,000; Ozark Bell Telephone Company, including exchanges at Springfield, Mo., Aurora, Mo., and Republic, Mo.; Pacific Telephone and Tele- graph Company of San Francisco, Cal., Los Angeles, Cal., Portland, Oreg., and Seattle, Wash. ; Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Company, Salt Lake City, Utah; Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Com- pany, Atlanta, Ga., Birmingham, Ala., and Richmond, Va., and the Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Company of Dallas, Tex. Establishment schedules were received from the following inde- pendent companies: Maryland Telephone Company, Baltimore, Md. ; Kansas City Home Telephone Company, Kansas City, Mo.; Louis- ville Home Telephone Company, Louisville, Ky. ; and the Keystone Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Establishment schedules were also received from the different divisions of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, located in Boston, Mass., Chicago, 111., Cincinnati, Ohio, Kansas City, Mo., Minneapolis, Minn., New York, N. Y., Philadelphia, Pa., and St. Louis, Mo. These data relate to 32 cities of 25,000 population and over and 126 smaller cities and towns. (") a Of cities of 25,000 population and over data are included from the following: Atlanta, Ga., Baltimore, Md., Birmingham, Ala., Boston, Mass., Chicago, 111., Cincin- nati, Ohio, Cleveland, Ohio, Covington, Ky., Dallas, Tex., Denver, Colo., Indian- apolis, Ind., Joplin, Mo., Kansas City, Mo., Los Angeles, Cal., Louisville, Ky., Min- neapolis, Minn., Nashville, Tenn., New Orleans, La.,NewYork,N.Y., Omaha, Nebr., Philadelphia, Pa., Pittsburg, Pa., Portland, Oreg., Richmond, Va., St. Joseph, Mo., CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 11 Schedules were secured covering employees in the operating force and showing their general distribution into day, evening, and night shifts; whether "A" board operators or "B" board operators, etc. r Pay-roU data secured included 39,586 employees. Of these 17,210 ' were female operators working at the switchboards. Originally employing only men and boys, the telephone business has become one of the largest employers of women and girls, men and boys retaining their hold (outside of mechanical occupations and skilled trades) only on late night shifts in a few localities. (*) HOUSING OF EXCHANGES. Generally speaking, the telephone exchanges covered by this investigation were well housed, had ample space, were well lighted, and, judged by our present very questionable standards of ventilation, St. Louis, Mo., St. Paul, Minn., Salt Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal., Seattle, Wash., Topeka, Kans., Washington, D. C. Of the cities and towns under 25,000 included, 61 are in Kansas, 17 in Minnesota, 42 in Missouri, 5 in North Dakota, and 1 in South Dakota, as follows: Kansas — Abilene, Andale, Anthony, Arkansas City, Atchison, Attica, Bailey%dlle, Belle Plaine, Bern, Bums, Caney, Cedarvale, Chanute, Chautauqua, Clinton, Coffey- ville, Cottonwood Falls, Council Grove, Dexter, Elgin, Elmdale, Erie, Eudora, Eureka, Fairmount, Florence, Fort Scott, Frontenac, Gamett, Gas, Grantville, Harper, Hut^chinson, lola, Kelly, Lawrence, Leavenworth, Lecompton, Madison, Marion, Mdrriam, Mount Hope, Neodesha, Olathe, Oneida, Ottawa, Parsons, Peabody, Peru, Pittsburg, Sabetha, St. Paul, Sedan, Sedgwick, Seneca, Valley Center, Weir, Welling- ton, Wichita, Williamsburg, Winfield. Minnesota — Albert Lea, Anoka, Austin, Brainerd, Crookston, Excelsior, Faribault, Little Falls, Mankato, Northfield, Owatonna, Red Wing, St. Cloud, Stillwater, White Bear Lake, Willmar, Winona. Missouri — Armstrong, Aurora, Blue Springs, Boonville, Brookfield, CarroUton, Car- terville, Carthage, Fayette, Fulton, Glasgow, Glenwood, Grain Valley, Greenwood, Hannibal,'Higbee, Independence, Jefferson City, Kirksville, Lancaster, Lees Summit, Marceline, Marionville, Maryville, Monett, Monroe City, Mount Vernon, Nevada, New Franklin, Odessa, Paris, Pierce City, Pleasant Hill, Republic, Sedalia, Seligman, SmithvUle, South St. Joseph, Springfield, Stotts City, Warrensburg, Webb City. North Dakota — Fargo, Grafton, Grand Forks, Jamestown, Wahpeton. South Dakota— Sioux Falls. B According to a report of the Bureau of the Census on ' ' Statistics of women at work, 1900" (pp. 158, 163-166), there were 21,999 females 16 years of age and over employed as telephone and telegraph operators in 1900, distributed by nativity as follows: Both parents native-born white, 12,018, or 54.6 per cent; one or both parents foreign-bom white, 8,611, or 39.1 per cent; foreign-bom white, 1,357, or 6.2 per cent; negro, In- dian, and Mongolian, 13, or 0.1 per cent. Probably most of the foreign bom and those of foreign-bom parentage are employed as telegraph rather than telephone operators, because of the fact that any accent or peculiarity of pronunciation or speech is a prac- tical bar to employment in the telephone business. According to the same report (p. 36), of these 21,999 women 71.1 per cent were from 16 to 24 years of age, 22.6 per cent from 25 to 34, 4.4 per cent from 35 to 44, and 1.3 per cent from 45 to 54; 92.7 per cent were unmarried or their conjugal condition unknown, 4.1 per cent were married, and 2.7 per cent were widowed. From an unpublished re- 12 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. were fairly well ventilated. Of the 178 operating rooms for which reports were received from the companies, 23 were on the first or ground floor of the building occupied, 55 were on the second, 33 on the third, 20 on the fourth, 11 on the fifth, 14 on the sixth, 9 on the seventh, 6 on the eighth, and 3 on the ninth, while for 4 no report was made as to floor occupied. In no case did the air space of operating rooms fall below 247 cubic feet per person, and in instances it went as high as 3,000 cubic feet of air space per person. Cubic feet of air space is recognized now as a very inadequate measure of conditions. Quite as important a test is the frequency with which the volume of air, be it large or small, is changed. The whole subject of ventflation is being recon- sidered, former standards abandoned and methods revolutionized. Even on the former lines of workshop construction as to ventila- tion and air space there was no very satisfactory standard for port of the Bureau of the Census on "The telephone" for 1907 the following state- ment relative to officers and employees'has been prepared. All female employees, including supervisors, monitors, ticket clerks, switchboard operators, etc., have been classified in the Census bulletin as "operators, female." NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN INDEPENDENT COMMERCIAL AND MUTUAL TELEPHONE SYSTEMS AND IN THE BELL AND AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANIES. Occupation. Number of employees in- Independent com- panies. Commer- cial {4,726 systems). Mutual (363 sys- Bell and American telephone and tele- graph com- panies (175 subsidiary companies). Total em- ployees. SALARIED EMPLOYEES. OiBcers of corporation Superintendents, general managers, etc. (o). Clerks and bookkeepers Total salaried employees WAQE-EABNER3. Operators: Male Female.. Total operators All other wage-earners (i>). Total wage-earners Grand total (all occupations). 2,036 3,678 2,306 194 105 40 324 5,003 11,712 2,554 8,686 14,058 7,920 339 17,039 25,298 2,032 26,522 144 985 1,400 49,131 3,576 76,638 28,554 10, 151 1,129 265 50,531 28,241 80,214 38,657 38,705 78,772 118,871 46,625 95, 811 144, 169 <• Including exchange managers, electricians, draftsmen, and experts. 6 Comprismg foremen, inspectors, solicitors, collectors, linemen, wiremen, battery men, messengers, trouble men, and laborers. The average annual wages of the 76,638 female operators shown in the table amounted to $301.31. No data in regard to employees were obtained from the 17,702 rural or farmers' telephone systems reporting. OHAPTBE I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 13 sufficiency of air space, since city ordinances and state laws ranged in their requirements from 225 to 500 cubic feet per person. (») No operating room was found which fell below the minimum; 16 exchanges were found housed in rooms containing less than the usual maximum of legal requirements as shown in the following table. ( *) EXCHANGES IN WHICH AVEEA.GE AIR SPACE PER PERSON IS LESS THAN 600 CUBIC FEET. City. Exchange. Average cubic feet of air space per person. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Anoka, Minn Atlanta, Ga Chicago, 111 Chicago, 111 Chicago, 111 Chicago, 111 Cleveland, Ohio.. Denver, Colo Kansas City, Mo.. Los Angeles, Cal.. New Orleans, La. . Pittsburg, Pa Main — Long distance. Central Harrison Humboldt Oakland Main — Suburban Main Fairmount Main Main Toll office INDEPENDENT COMPANIES. Kansas City, Mo AMEEICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO. "Baltimore avenue. Chicago, III Cincinnati, Ohio. New York, N.Y. Long distance. , Long distance. Long distance. , 480.0 476.1 247.2 402.8 354.0 445.2 416.6 405.3 320.8 354.7 490.7 481.9 249.0 397.0 470.5 In practically all operating rooms no means of ventilation is pro- vided save windows and doors. The most striking exceptions to this will be taken up under another head.('') The operating rooms personally inspected by agents of the Bureau during the investigation showed sufficient ventilation in all but 5 cases, and in the "B" room of one of these it was good. There was sufficient natural light by day in all but 4 cases. There were but 2 cases reported of insufficient light at night. Of the exchanges personally examined by agents, 9 were on the first or ground floor, 18 on the second floor, 14 on the third, 7 on the fourth, 1 on the fifth, 2 on the sixth, 7 on the seventh, 4 on the eighth, 3 on the ninth, 1 on the second and third, 2 on the second and "An Illinois statute approved June 4, 1909, provides that factories, mercantile establishments, mills, and workshops shall have at least 2,000 cubic feet of air space per employee, with outside windows and doors the area of which is at least one-eighth of the area of the floor; otherwise artificial ventilation shall be provided. b Recent legislation in New York (1907) requires 250 cubic feet of air space per employee in factories, and in addition that the owner shall provide and maintain proper means of ventilation, and in case of his failure to do so the commissioner of labor shall order such ventilation to be provided. For fuller discussion of ventilation of telephone operating rooms, see pages 79 to 81 of this report. c See page 79. 14 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. fourth, 1 on the third and fourth, 1 on the third and fifth, 1 on the fourth and fifth, and 2 on the sixth, seventh, and eighth. Of the 73 exchanges reported upon by agents of the bureau, it was found that 33 of those which were located above the first floor were not provided with elevators for use of employees. Of these exchanges 15 were located on the second floor, 10 on the third floor, and 6 on the fourth floor ; 1 was located partly on the second and partly on the fourth floor, and 1 partly on the third and partly on the fourth floor. The maximum number of operators required, through lack of elevators, to climb one flight of stairs was 60; those required to climb two flights of stairs numbered 108; while 75 found it necessary to climb three flights of stairs. In connection with the above analysis of the data from agents' personal observations as to the use of elevators by employees, it may be well to consider the schedules obtained from individual operators. Of the 427 individual employees interviewed, 333 worked in exchanges located above the first floor. The following table shows the floor upon which the exchanges in which they worked were located, and the number who did not use the elevators going to and from their work. That is to say, while 83 of those interviewed worked on the second floor, 70 did not use the elevators ; of 47 working on the fourth floor, 44 did not use the elevators; there were 17 who worked above the first floor but did not report the specific floor upon which they worked, and of these 12 did not use the elevators. ELEVATOR SERVICE FOR INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEES. Floor on which located. Total em- ployees. Employ- ees not usmg elevator. Floor on which located. Total em- ployees. Employ- ees not using elevator. Second 83 66 47 8 19 19 1 40 8 70 15 44 Second and fourth 11 6 3 6 2 7 17 Third Third and fourth 6 Fourth Third and fifth... Fifth Fourth and fifth Sixth Fifth and sixth Seventh Seventh and eighth Eighth Not reported. 12 Ninth Total 8 333 155 Of the 76 speciflc complaints made by the operatives interviewed, 51, or more than two- thirds, related to the matter of the use of ele- vators; sixteen of these individual complaints were to the effect that there were no elevators in the buildings, and twenty-five were that the elevators did not run daily at the hours when the employees must go to or return from their work or on Sundays. Toilet facilities were reported ample, with due regard to privacy of approach in all cases. CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 15 The entrance to buildings in which operating rooms were located was from public streets sufficiently lighted, except in the case of three exchanges, two of which were in a Pennsylvania city and one in an Illinois city. In 23 of the 64 exchanges inspected by agents of the bureau, and located above the first floor of the buildings in which they were housed, there were no fire escapes provided. Of these 23 cases the operating room was on the second floor in 12 instances, in 4 on the third floor, in 3 on the fourth floor, and in 1 each on the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth floors. In a few cases these exchanges were housed in buildings believed to be fireproof and in which the city building regulations did not require fire escapes. Wash rooms were provided in all operating rooms except one, while rest rooms for female employees were found in all cases. EQUIPMENT. Telephone equipment consists, first, of the switchboard and those parts of the complicated apparatus which are housed in the operating room, collectively known as the exchange. Since 10,000 lines con- stitute the practical limit of convenient operation of a "central" or exchange, the larger cities have more than one exchange. The second division of equipment comprises the wires connecting the subscribers' telephones with the central exchange. The third divi- sion consists of the individual telephones inside the homes or offices of the subscribers. Practically no data relating to the second and third divisions of equipment were secured for this report. Switchboards are of two types, the magneto and the common bat- tery. The magneto board, which was in common use up to ten or twelve years ago, has of late years been generally superseded by the common battery board. With the magneto type of switchboard it was necessary to place a dry battery with each subscriber's tele- phone. The subscriber generated the current necessary to call the central by turning a little crank attached to his telephone each time he wished to call. This operated a drop, a small metallic shutter, on the central switchboard which attracted the attention of the operator. These dry batteries were constantly giving out, especially if at any one time they were subjected to a heavy demand, such as having a large list of numbers to call in rapid succession; and they had other drawbacks that were objectionable where extensive use of the telephone was desired. For the common battery switchboard system ' all the current necessary is generated at the central exchange. No crank has to be 16 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. turned in making calls. When the receiver is lifted from the hook, the upward spring of the hook starts a current which flashes a light on the central switchboard corresponding to the number of the tele- phone, and is a notification to the operator that the user of that number wishes to make a call. This light is automatically ex- tinguished when the desired connection is made, and reappears when the conversation is ended as a notice to the operator to discon- nect the telephones of the conversing parties. With the magneto type of board the operator replaces the metallic drop with her hand, often having to make several efforts to do so. The time saved by the common battery switchboard is considerable when a large number of calls has to be registered, as the time for a call on the magneto board required 10 seconds for a first or single call, while from 15 to 20 seconds were necessary for a recall or the securing of a second number immediately upon the close of con- versation with a former one. With the common battery system both call and recall can be made on an average of five seconds. The life of the magneto board was about 10 years; that of the com- mon battery is from 12 to 15 years. Of the 458 exchanges covered by this report, 105 had magneto and 353 common battery switchboards. Since it will be necessary to go into more detail on the subject of switchboard construction and manipulation in considering the working speed rate of operatives, it is deemed unnecessary to say more here. Outside equipment, so far as it affects immediately the subject of efficiency of service, relates primarily to the aerial and underground cables, i. e., to the matter of wires. Originally single wires were strung, and these were added to up to the capacity of the poles to carry the wires^ sleets and snowstorms occasionally causing such wreckage as to put the entire system out of commission for days at a time. Outside, or wire, conditions, especially after the introduction of electric lighting and trolley-car service, be- came a source of incessant annoyance. The first attempt to solve the problem of "cross talk" over the telephones was to string two twisted wires instead of a single wire. Next, these pairs of twisted wires were put in bundles or sheaths called cables, and strung at first over- head, afterwards largely underground. In 1896 a 50-pair cable was manufactured, i. e., one containing 100 single wires, and was hailed as the final achievement along that line. The size of cables, however, grew to 200, 400, and 600 pairs, until in Chicago cables carrying 900 pairs or 1,800 single wires have been laid. Corresponding improvements in the transmitting instruments have been made. CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 17 ORGANIZATION OF THE LABOR FORCE. While industrial as well as sociological interest in the telephone business centers in the work of the women it employs, and while the quality" of the service the companies are able to furnish the public depends largely upon them, some knowledge of the industrial organi- zation as a whole is important. Although the telephone business is one of the newest of our large commercial industries, dating from 1876, it has developed a scheme of administrative organization the perfection of which is to be found in few of the older industries. Similar in general plan, the various companies or cities have somewhat varied schemes of organization. The same central idea pervades them all — that is, every man in the organization shall have one definite person and source from which alone he receives his instructions. Each company has an organiza- tion chart which is conspicuous in the exchanges of the company. Each group of occupations is classified and placed under a foreman or supervisor who is responsible to one designated as chief supervisor, who in turn is responsible to the manager, and so on up to the presi- dent of the company. These organization charts are in the possession of or are accessible to each employee, so that he may know exactly from whom his orders must come and to whom he must report. This system of organization is clearly shown in the chart furnished by the Missouri and Kansas Telephone Company, Kansas City, Mo., which is printed on the next page. By this chart it is shown that all of the employees of the company are under the general supervision of the manager. The manager of operating, city foremen, chief clerk, building-repair men, order clerks, chief canvasser, stenographer, directory clerk, inside wire man, engi- neer, and head janitor are responsible directly to the manager. Each of these has direct supervision over such employees as are necessary to conduct the various branches of the business. Many of these de- partments are again subdivided into divisions, each of which is in charge of an official of the organization. As stated above, each em- ployee has but one direct boss ; thus it will be seen that a collector, for instance, shown at the lowest point of the central portion of the chart, is responsible to the head collector, he in turn to the assistant cashier, and so on through the positions of cashier, chief clerk, and manager, each employee being responsible to the one immediately above him. While in the discussion of wages and hours of labor all the em- ployees and occupations in the industry will be duly considered, it has been thought advisable to deal in this report especially with the work of women, particularly of switchboard operators. With this 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 2 18 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. ;8 ? 15 5 _a^5 fi <* -55— -n n I ■jS' ii ^ O^J] o CHAPTEK I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 19 purpose in view a somewhat comprehensive study of women's work in the telephone exchange was made, beginning with the application and entrance examination. APPLICATION AND ENTRANCE EXAMINATION. The applicant for a position as a telephone operator generally fills out the usual application blanks, in which she states her age, school grade last attended, condition of health, whether or not she lives at home with her parents, place of last employment, reasons for leaving the same, etc. She must also file at least two letters of recommen- dation from business men not her relatives. Generally speaking, applicants must submit to a physical exami- nation before being admitted to the training school. In some places this examination is very rigid. In Chicago, for instance, when an applicant for a position as operator has satisfactorily passed the general test she is sent to the medical matron, who is a graduate trained nurse with special training in making physical examinations. This matron has a special room where examinations are made. Ap- plicants remove all clothing and a test is made to ascertain whether there is any trouble with the heart, lungs, nervous system, straight- ness of the spine, etc., the most approved medical instruments being used for this purpose. Eyes are examined not only for sight, but for infectious diseases. Hearing is tested and the throat is carefully examined, adenoids ov- aggravated catarrhal conditions being bars to admission. Skin diseases and any infectious trouble likewise bar the applicant. Girls under five feet in height are not accepted because of their inability to reach to the top of the switchboard or a sufl&cient distance sideways from their position, as will be discussed later on. Even in cities where the physical examinations are not popular, an examination is made sometimes without the applicant's knowl- edge. For instance, in one city where the girla interviewed stated that no physical examination or test had been made in their cases, it was ascertained that the applicants are interviewed by a young woman whose exact height is known and who, in talking with the applicant, can, by comparing the level of the eyes with her own, tell within a fraction of an inch the height of the girl with whom she is talking. Experts in other lines interviewed the applicants and ascertained their physical condition. In most places, however, a set physical examination is required. It may be interesting to note the relation between the total number of applications received and the number not accepted, together with the various reasons for rejection, as shown in the following statement from one of the largest cities. The total number of applicants was 6,152. Of this num- 20 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. ber, 2,229 were not accepted, for reasons as shown in the following statement : Too small 544 Too old 53 Too young 436 Physical defects 43 Jewish — refused to work holidays 11 Colored 7 Accent 90 Refused vaccination 6 Education 519 Hearing 1 Sight 151 Voice 82 Appearance 169 Refused night work 7 Not willing to wait 36 Miscellaneous 74 Total 2,229 Out of 2,557 examinations by the medical matron 232 were rejected for the following reasons : Weak heart 41 Tuberculosis - 18 Pediculosis 6 Untidiness 8 Goiter 12 Miscellaneous 147 Total 232 The educational requirements for the above city are usually that the applicant shall have passed through the seventh grade of the city grammar school, but to this rule exceptions are sometimes made. As will be seen from the foregoing, for the protection of the appli- cant, as well as for the efficiency of its own service, it is the policy of the company to exclude all women suffering from any form of eye, ear, throat, or heart trouble. Inasmuch as they habitually do the largest part of their reaching and hard work with the right arm and hand, the woman with spinal curvature (be it ever so slight) should be kept out of telephone work. Constant reaching to one side seems to increase spinal curvature. For the nervous woman, too, the work is unsuitable, since the very nature of the work demands self-control and the ability to respond to sudden periods of rush work. The employment of a woman in any stage of tuberculosis endan- ger the health of the entire office force. When asked about accepting women in this condition, one manager said: "We never take them if we know it, and seldom have any cases, so far as I know. But you can not always tell. Of course, when they begin to cough, we can't keep them here." In another city one of the night chief operators CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 21 complained that she had had a consumptive on the night force and had called the manager's attention to the fact several times. He at last changed the operator to the evening force, thus making it easier for the girl, but leaving the possibilities of contagion quite as great. This operator had coughing spells at times and gradually grew too ill to work. She did not resign until shortly before her death. The telephone company had permitted her to remain until she chose to leave. (") The following table shows for the various cities the age require- ments on entering service, and also the educational requirements. It must be noted, however, that except where the law of the State inter- feres, the lowest age which the company reports is the minimum age really desired, not always the minimum age which it will some- times accept. In other words, a company might prefer a 17-year- old girl, and in advertising for help will so state, but that does not mean that an applicant, who from her appearance promised to de- velop into a good operator, would not be accepted though she was "As bearing significantly upon the type of girls and women desired as telephone operators, and indicative of the care taken in selecting them, and incidentally of the appreciation of managers of the trying nature of the work, the following ' ' suggestions as to the selection of telephone operators" furnished by one company to its employ- ing superintendent are of interest: I. Inquiries into family history: 1. Tuberculosis in parents. 2. Insanity or nervous diseases in parents, hysteria, etc. 3. Children of parents dying young from chronic disease of any nature are usually debilitated and are unable to withstand the strain of an exhausting occupation. II. Inquiry into personal history: • 1. History of chorea or St. Vitus's dance. 2. History of hysteria. 3. History of any nervous disease. 4. History of epilepsy (fits). III. Objective signs of tuberculosis: 1. Extreme brilliancy of eye. 2. Hectic flush in cheeks during afternoon and evenings. 3. Poor development of chest and round shoulders. 4. Nervous temperament. 5. Short hacking cough. 6. Those predisposed to tuberculosis usually have a heavy growth of hair on head. IV. Objective signs of chorea or St. Vitus's dance: 1. Twitching of eyelids, fingers, and muscles. 2. Inability to sit still. 3. Disordered motion of different parts of body. 4. Restlessness and awkwardness of movements. 5. Deficient mental power. V. Objective signs of hysteria: 1. Manifestations usually develop abruptly; are generally paroxysmal; appear without obvious cause; and often subside spontaneously under some emotional excitement. 2. Easily moved to laughter and tears. An individual who possesses none of the above signs and symptoms, who is perfect physically, that is, not crippled, and who has (1) a calm, clear eye and steady gaze, '2) steady hand and firm set jaws, (3) weight proportional to height, (4) good appetite, ^5) healthy, rosy complexion, and (6) not easily excited, can usually withstand the wear and tear of an exhausting work, such as telephone or telegraph operating, suc- cessfully. ii 22 TELEPHONE INVISSTIGATION. one or, in some cases, even tw(j years below the preferred or regula- tion age. The same may be said of educational requirements. Some companies require simply ability to read and write, some have no set requirements at all, while others require graduation from the elementary or grammer schools of the city. In Boston, for instance, high-school graduates, or girls who have had at least two years of high- school work, are much preferred, but this does not mean that a girl who otherwise is capable would be rejected because she had not attended high school. These regulations reflect thS companies' preferences rather than rigid determinations. The table follows: AGE AND EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ON ENTERING THE SERVICE OF VARIOUS TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AND RATES OF WAGES PAID OPERATORS WHILE IN TRAINING. Company. Age re- quirements on enter- ing serv- ice (years). Educational re- quirements on en- tering service. Are opera- tors paid wages while in training? Rate of wages paid while in training. Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. . Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Philadel- phia, Pa. Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis,Ind. Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Balti- more, Md. Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Wash- ington, D. C. Chicago Telephone Co., Chicago, 111. 17 16 16 16 16 18 17 18 18 18 16 17 17 17 16 16 ■ 17 16 16 16 16 17 16 18 Grammar school. . Grammar school.. Common school . . . Eighth grade Seventh grade Grammar school . . Seventh grade Common school . . . Common school . . . Sixth grade Eighth grade (0) (c) (0 («) Common school . . . Grammar school.. Common school... Common school . . . («) Common school . . . Grade school (J)... Grammar school.. Common school... Yes Yes Yes(nght. Day... Evening . Split. Cincinnati and Suburban Tele- phone Co. Citizens Telephone Co Cincinnati, Ohio. Covington, Ky . Night. Day.... Evening Split.... Night... Day Evening Split.... >nght... 12 10 9i 14 13 10 I' 10 4 14 10 10 4 14 10 h. in. 30 30 S 3 15 10 6 5 4 30 15 60 30 30 S 7 15 30 5 7 15 h. tji. 60 30 60 15 60 30 7 61 { It 71 7i 8« 3ri 7 9i sll 7 91 oThe figures in this coiumn show the different periods granted to different groups of employees within the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 6 The figures in this column show the net hours worked by different groups of employees within the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. CHAPTER I. — GENERAL, DISCUSSION. 37 HOURS WORKED BY TELEPHONE EMPLOYEES, AND RELIEF AND LUNCH PERIODS, IN SELECTED COMPANIES— Continued. BELL, TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Company. Cleveland Telephone Co.. Colorado Telephone Co. . Cumberland Telephone and Tele- graph Co. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co. Nebraska Telephone Co. New England Telephone and Tele- graph Co. Ozark Bell Telephone Co. Southern Bell Telephone and Tel- egraph Co. Southern Bell Telephone and Tel- egraph Co. Southwestern Telegraph and Tele- phone Co. City. Cleveland, Ohio. Denver, Colo New Orleans, La Kansas City, Mo. Omaha, Nebr. Boston, Mass.. Springfield, Mo. Atlanta, Ga. Birmingham, Ala. Dallas, Tex Tricks worked. Day Evening Split.... Mght.... Day Evening . Split... Night.. Day.... Split... Night.. Day.... Evening . SpUt. Night... Day Evening Split.... Night... Day Evening Split.... Night... Day Evening Split. Night... Day Split.... Night... Day Evening Split.... Night... Day Evening Split.... Night... Differ- ent hours cov- ered by trick. 10 m 9i 12J 9 11 10 12 9) 10 9i 10 12 10 8J 8 6i 6 5i IS 12 llj 11 12 10 9 9i 7i 12 9 10 S 6 13 12 9 10 9 8 141 13 12i 12 11 10 15 Hi 13 11 13 12i 10 9i 13 13 lOi 11 12 13 Different relief periods." A.m. 30 7 4 3 30 30 30 30 30 15 30 3 Different lunch periods.^ h.m. 60 1 30 30 3 30 30 3 2 4 1 60 60 2 45 60 60 30 5 60 60 5 60 60 60 2 6 30 6 4 30 4 3 2 60 1 30 4 2 30 5 4 60 1 30 4 30 5 30 4 " The figures in this column show the different periods granted to different groups of employees within the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 6 The figures in this colunm show the net hours worked by different groups of employees within the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 38 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. HOURS WORKED BY TELEPHONE EMPLOYEES, AND RELIEF AND LUNCH PERIODS IN SELECTED COMPANIES— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES Company. City. Tricks worked. Differ- ent hours cov- ered by trick. Different relief periods."" Different lunch periods .<■ Net hours worked day. 6 Louisville Home Telephone Co Louisville, Ky Baltimore, Md Day Evening . Split ^right.... Day Evening . Split Mght.... i 10 5 10 9 9i 1 h.m. 30 IS 3 15 3D 15 15 15 15 h.m. 60 8} 4 6 7 8 60 45 45 3 30 45 Si 8 8 AMEKICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANY. American Telephone and Tele- graph Co. American Telephone and Tele- graph Co. American Telephone and graph Co. American Telephone and Tele- graph Co. American Telephone and Tele- graph Co. American Telephone and Tele- graph Co. American Telephone and Tele- graph Co. American Telephone and Tele- graph Co. American Telephone and Tele- graph Go. ^Kansas City, Mo. Boston, Mass. Chicago, 111 . Cincinnati, Ohio. Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N.Y... Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburg, Pa St. Louis, Mo Day Evening . Split Night.... Day Evening . Split Night.... Day Evening . Split Night.... Day Evening . Split Night.... Day Evening . Split Day Evening . Split Night.... Day Evening . Split Night.... Day Evening . Split Night.... Day Evening . Split Night.... 9 6 12i 11 8 12 11 n 9 9 13 12 9 10 9i 12 9 9 8i 12J 10 7 12i 8 9 7 20 15 60 6 4 30 60 15 6 5 60 60 60 5 4 60 60 60 4 4 60 60 60 5 45 30 r> 30 60 4 30 4 60 60 30 4 30 30 30 30 330 30 6J 8 73 5} 6 6i 8 8 8 8 9 8i 8 8J . 8 8 73 71 7i 9 6i 6h 6' 8 6 7 7 8 6i 7 7i 8i 8J 8i 8J n The figures in this column show the different periods granted to different groups of employees within the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. b The figures in this column show the net hours worked by different groups of employees within the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. CHARACTER AND SEVERITY OF THE WORK. Whether or not the work of the telephone operator is severe and exacting depends upon circumstances and conditions. It may be severe at times and comparatively easy at others. The speed rate of the work, the length of time during which high speed rates are kept up without break, the height of the reach above the operator's head, and the length of the side reach, all these go to make up the elements CHAPTEB 1. — GENEEAL DISCUSSION. S9 of hardship that may at times enter into questions of the severity of the work. To understand these elements fully and hence to grasp the sig- nificance of the tables on these subjects which are here included, a more detailed account of the work of the switchboard operations must be given. In a former section the types of switchboard, the magneto and the common battery, were referred to. Here it is intended to give a description of switchboards from the point of view of the work of the wdmen and girls who answer calls. DESCRIPTION OF TELEPHONE WORK. Perhaps as good a description of a telephone exchange and the work done in it as can be obtained is that given in the report of the Royal Commission of Canada, as follows : (") "On entering the operating room of the exchange, one sees from 80 to 100 young women seated beside each other on high chairs opposite a key-board which extends in the form of a semicircle around the three sides of the room. This board, which lies in a horizontal position, is a little over a foot wide. The position of the operator in regard to it is the same as if she were seated at a table. Joined to this board and rising vertically at right angles to it is another board filled with small holes which represent the points at which wires connect with the exchange. This board extends around the room in the same fash- ion as the horizontal board, and is marked off into divisions or sec- tions, there being one division to every three operators. Each section of the board is subdivided into panels, the upper half of which are made up of small sections containing holes all of which are numbered, each small section resembling somewhat a honey-comb in appearance. These holes indicate the points at which connections are made with the several wires running out of the exchange. Each operator has before her on the upper half of these panels, on what is known as 'the multiple,' the number of every telephone connecting with the exchange, the lines being looped throughout the entire board through the mul- tiple portion, so that any one operator can reach any one line she is asked for. The lower portion of the vertical board is also subdivided into holes, accompanying which are rows of glass covered orifices, set closely together in parallel rows. Within each orifice, and beneath the glass, is a miniature incandescent lamp, which is extinguished except when serving as a signal. These holes indicate the point at which subscribers' 'phones run into and connect with the exchange. Suppose there were a total of 8,000 telephones running into the a Report of the Royal Commission on a Dispute Respecting Hours of Employment between the Bell Telephone Company of Canada, Ltd., and Operators at Toronto, Ontario, 1907, pp. 45-49. 40 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. exchange. This number would be distributed over the entire semi- circle board, so that each operator will have before her a certain number of 'phones for which she is directly responsible. On the hori- zontal board in front of the operator, and removed a short distance from the base of the vertical board, are two rows of small plugs attached to cords, which extend beneath the board, the points of the plugs alone appearing above the surface. Parallel to these plugs and a little nearer to the operator are two rows of glass-covered orifices similar to those on the lower half of the vertical board, and parallel to these again and still closer to the operator is a row of small levers or keys. The operator wears a band around the head, to which is attached a receiver placed immediately over her left ear, and a transmitter or mouth-piece so adjusted that she may conveniently speak into it while it is not in immediate proximity to her Ups. Both the receiver and the transmitter are connected by cords with the main board. In virtue of this device the operator is free to use both hands to make the necessary connections. "When a subscriber rings up central or lifts the 'phone from the hook, a light immediately glows within the glass-covered orifice on the lower half of the vertical board at the point at which the 'phone is connected by wire with the exchange. This light is an indication to the operator that a subscriber is calling central. She thereupon takes with one hand one of the plugs to which a cord is attached and inserts it in the hole or socket (technically termed the 'jack') cor- responding to the light which is glowing, at the same time pressing forward one of the levers or keys. This connects her with the calling subscriber, of whom she requests the number desired. On receiving the number she takes the end of the other cord^ — there are a pair of cords with a plug at the end of each — and inserts its plug in the hole or socket (the 'jack') on the upper half or 'multiple' portion of the board which bears tho number requested. She then throws the lever back which connects for a moment the machine generating current, and takes a little portion of that current to ring the bell of the called subscriber. The plugs inserted in this way effect the desired connection between the 'phones. As soon as the operator connects with the subscriber by inserting the plug in the hole at which his 'phone connects with the main exchange, the light beside this hole, which has been her signal, is extinguished, and one of the small lights on the keyboard begins to glow. Its companion light glows also once the connection is made, and until the other 'phone is taken down for purposes of conversation. Once the conversation begins both of the signal lights go out. When the conversation ends, as each subscriber hangs up his 'phone, the companion lights opposite the companion plugs begin again to glow. It is then the duty of the operator to remove the plugs from the holes into which CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 41 they have been placed, and thus sever the connection and extinguish the hghts. This work of making and severing connections is the main duty of the operators. In other words, an operator is con- tinually answering subscribers, covering the board with such con- nections as are requested and as rapidly clearing the board whenever conversations are ended; putting up and taking down connections. "A more complete description of the switchboard and duties of operators will be had from the following extracts taken from an article on 'The telephone exchange,' by S. J. Larned, general super- intendent of the Chicago Telephone Company, which appears at page 686 and subsequent pages of the July, 1907, number of 'The World To-day': "'Supposing a number of lines, all leading in to the central office or exchange, it is necessary to provide there means whereby the user, or subscriber as he is called, may be able to signal whenever he desires service, and may then have his line promptly brought into contact with the line of any other subscriber to the system with whom he wishes to converse. The second subscriber must be signaled by ring- ing his bell. When the two subscribers have finished their conver- sation, their wires must be as quickly separated again so that each may be immediately free and available for connection with other subscribers, for these wires or lines may be likened to single-track railway spurs leading into the subscriber's premises, each of con- siderable length, but capable of admitting and carrying but one car or message at a time. The most watchful care and systematic handling is necessary in order to permit the handling of a maximum traffic in both directions without collisions and tie-ups. "'There are connected to the Chicago exchange more than 130,000 telephones. (") The system must stand ready at any moment to bring together any two of these for conversation. Leaving out of count possible coimections with other towns and cities, this means that the machinery must be capable of making on an instant's notice, any one of nearly seventeen billion possible combinations. The end of the conversation must be accurately noted and the lines promptly disconnected. Before coimection is made it must be ascertained that the line asked for is not aheady carrying another message or tem- porarily disabled or unavailable for any other reason. "'In establishing connections, all the above conditions and many others must be noted and allowed for, and yet the time consumed in each step of the process of connection must be measured as seconds or even fractions of a second. "'The switchboard designed to meet these requirements is a highly complicated machine both as to extent and flexibility. The sub- scribers' line wires are at that point (i. e., the exchange) separated a In 1908 the Chicago Telephone Company reported 423,082 telephones. 42 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. and their ends arranged in an orderly manner in rows, or strips, on what is called the terminal or main distributing frame. Each wire is numbered in the order of its appearance on this frame, and a care- ful record kept of the cables it passes through, the route it takes and the subscriber's telephone which it finally reaches. '"At the main frame or distributing board, above mentioned, are terminated, in a manner similar to the line wires, all the wires from the switchboard. Every line wire must be permanently connected to some one of the switchboard wires; but it is sometimes necessary to change their relation for various reasons, such as the shifting of a given telephone from one underground wire to another, because of the moving of a subscriber's office, etc. For this reason, a short length of easily replaced, flexible wire is used to continue the line wire through the distributing frame to the switchboard wire. This connecting link is technically known as a jumper. '"We have now traced the line wire well on its way to the switch- board, but it is again interrupted by a second distributing board, known as the intermediate distributing frame, where it is divided into two branches. One branch is for outward traffic, the calls which the subscriber originates himself, and it runs to what is called the answer- ing jack. The other branch is for inward traffic; that is, calls made for the subscriber by others, and it runs to that part of the switch- board called the multiple, which wiU be described later. " 'The switchboard itself consists of a long, continuous frame- work, in which are mounted the answering jacks, the multiple and other parts not yet mentioned, and before which frame sit operators, who connect and disconnect line wires, as ordered by the subscribers. " 'The answering jack is the point at which contact is made with subscriber's line by an operator, in response to his call. The device with which a connection is established between two lines is called a pair of cords. It consists of a set of flexible wires or conductors, gen- erally of tinsel, incorporated in a braided linen cord. At each end the cord terminates in a metal plug, which, when pushed into an answering jack, makes a contact between the subscriber's line and the tinsel conductor of the cord. When, therefore, the two plugs, or pair of cords, are inserted in the spring jacks of two different lines, those lines are connected together and in a condition for conversa- tion. " 'Just over every answering jack in the face of the switchboard is mounted a small electric lamp, known as the line lamp. By a rather complicated arrangement of apparatus, this lamp is lighted whenever the telephone receiver at the corresponding subscriber's station is picked up. Its glowing is the signal to the operator that the sub- scriber at that station wishes to make a call. Each telephone line has but one answering jack. They are placed in the lower part of CHAPTER 1. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 43 the switchboard, a certain number before each operator, that number depending upon the use of the telephones, as each operator must answer all of the calls made by the subscribers whose answering jacks are placed directly in front of her. Some lines are used so frequently that but five or ten can be placed in a single operator's position, while other lines may be used so infrequently that more than one hundred can be placed in each position. " 'When any line lamp begins to glow, the operator promptly picks up a plug connected with any pair of cords, and inserts it in the answering jack corresponding to the lighted lamp. The flexible wires leading from the plug to its mate are also connected to a small switch called the ringing and listening key, located in a horizontal shelf between the operator and the vertical face of the switchboard. By moving the handle of this ringing and listening 'key, the operator is able to bring the wires leading from her own telephone set into contact with the wires leading from the plug, and consequently into contact with the line wire of the subscriber making the call. The operator is then able to converse with the subscriber and ascertain his wishes. " 'Having received an order to connect his line with any other subscriber's line, the operator inserts the second plug of the pair into a spring jack connected with the called subscriber's line, and by another movement of the handle of the ringing and listening key, brings the line wire of the called subscriber into contact with wires leading from the ringing generator. The latter is a small dynamo, generating alternating and pulsating electrical currents. The move- ment of the key just mentioned allows the current from this ringing generator to flow out over the called subscriber's line, the effect being to ring the bell associated with his telephone set, and summon him to the telephone. '"The coimection of the second plug with a spring jack of the called subscriber can not be made with the answering jack of that second subscriber because that answering jack may be in a position a hundred feet away from the position in which the call is made. It is to meet this condition that the already mentioned inward or multi- ple branch of the subscribers' line is designed. This branch is con- nected to spring jacks exactly like the answering jacks except that they are arranged to occupy as little space as possible. They are all marked with the call number of the subscribers that they represent, and are arranged in numerical order, and are piled row above row in the vertical face of the board. "'It is possible to bring multiple jacks representing about ten thousand lines within the reach of an operator, and such a portion of the switchboard as contains one jack for each line connected with the office is called a section. Not more than three operators can work 44 TELEPPIONE INVESTIGATION. at a section of switchboard, and it is necessary to repeat the sections as often as the number of operators employed demands. Each sec- tion is a duplicate of every other, each subscriber's line being ex- tended from the multiple jack in one section to the corresponding multiple jack in the next section, and so on throughout the entire length of the switchboard. This multiple feature of a telephone switchboard calls for a tremendous amount of material and labor in its assembly, a single switchboard, that of the Main office, Chicago, for example, containing over two hundred and seventy thousand jacks and over fourteen million feet of wire.' "These descriptions may be sufficient to indicate that so far as the calling by subscribers is concerned the intensity of the work, the amount accomplished within a given space of time, or, in other words, the speed of operating, will depend first upon the number of lines which an operator has running into her board and for which she is responsible, secondly, on the number of 'phones connecting with the exchange, which, of course, determines the number of possible con- nections that can be made, and thirdly, the extent to which the differ- ent 'phones are used by subscribers. "The amount of work which an operator performs in the way of answering calls and making connections is described as her 'load.' This load will be increased or diminished, therefore, according as the number of lines connecting with a portion of the switchboard, the number of 'phones in an exchange, or the number of connections asked for during the day are increased or diminished." In addition to the foregoing description of the work, it should be noted that in practically all cities, and wherever common battery switchboards are in use, a color scheme is used for signal lights, by means of which the operator is enabled to know and keep track of the various kinds of service so as to make out her tickets for such calls as require a record. The lamp cap is marked to correspond with an accepted code for different classes of service, as, for instance, a plain white signal lamp call means, in most exchanges, a call for simple flat-rate service. In this case there need be no record made of the call. A dot in the center of the lamp cap means a message rate meter service call, for which the connection must be made and a ticket made out charging it up to the meter. A cross on the cap indicates that the calling person is using a prepayment nickel service. A red lamp indicates a public pay station; a green light indicates a P. B. X. line, etc. An operator must, at all times, be familiar with this color signal code. Changes in number, removals, and discontinuances of 'phones occur daily, and the operator must familiarize herself with these immedi- ately, either through a bulletin published daily or by means of a colored peg system, or both. CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 45 TTP REACH AND SIDE REACH ON SWITCHBOARD. The height of the board above the shelf and the width of the sec- tions, or distance of the side reach an operator must make to plug in the farthest jacks in her jurisdiction, constitute the physical ele- ments of strain that go to make up the several conditions of severity of the work. In determining the height of switchboard for purposes of this report, measurement was made from the base or shelf through which the pairs of cords and plugs run and upon which the plugs rest (which shelf reaches just above the waist line as the operator sits in her chair) to the top row of jacks on the multiple board in front of her, i. e., to the highest point which she must at any time reach. While in the acceptance of applicants, as heretofore stated, some attention is paid to the height of the operator — that is, short girls are not employed — nevertheless common observations show that with a switchboard on which the top row of jacks is more than 30 inches above the shelf, most women will at times have an excessive reach. During numerous visits to exchanges it was noted that with a 35- inch board women with difficulty reached the fifth and sometimes the sixth row from the top, while the top row could not be reached without standing. In one city the brass foot rail was worn through in two places from the necessity of standing on it to reach the top row of jacks. Accidents, while infrequent, do sometimes occur in the rush of calls, by the necessity of hurriedly reaching this top row, as is instanced by an operator in New York City who reached for a j ack too high to be reached from her chair, the foot missing the foot rail as she attempted to stand upon it to plug in for the call; as a result she fell, striking her breast against the shelf; a serious tumor developed, as it is alleged, from the bruise she received. Accepting 30 inches as the maximum height at which a row of jacks can be comfortably reached by an operator, the accompanying table shows that in 121 of the exchanges from which reports were received the height of switchboard above the shelf, or in other words, the greatest upreach of operators was more than 30 inches. In 47 of these the reach was between 38 and 39 inches, while in one case it was between 43 and 44 inches. The operators interviewed complained much more of the severity of the side reach than they did of the upreach. The extreme up- reach is comparatively infrequent, while the side reach is constant. It is the side reach which is most noticed in producing physical exhaustion. "It is the everlasting side-reach that tires us so," is the common expression. However, it may be said that it is not more physically injurious for a woman to become tired at her work than it is for a man to become tired, and that the mere fact of becom- ing tired means nothing. There seems to be no physiological objec- 46 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. tion to a reasonable side reach for women, while there is a decided physiological reason why women should not be required to reach up an excessive distance or too frequently. The extreme side reach, however, may become a source of undue severity in the work, especially during rush hours. Experiments have shown that 36 inches is about the limit of side reach possible to the ordinary sized woman without too great a strain, especially if such reaches must be made rapidly and kept up for a considerable time. Accepting 36 inches, therefore, as the maximum of comfortable side reach, 122 exchanges reported a side reach in excess of this; 39 of these report between 36 and 37 inches; 11 between 37 and 38 inches; 10 between 43 and 44 inches; while 1 reports a side reach of between 50 and 51 inches, as shown in the following table: EXCHANGES IN WHICH HEIGHT OF SWITCHBOARD ABOVE SHELF IS 30 INCHES OE MORE AND EXTREME SIDE REACH IS 36 INCHES OR MORE. Exchanges in which height of switchboard above shell is 30 inches or more. Exchanges in which extreme side reach or more. is 36 inches Height of switchboard above shelf (inches). Number of exchanges. Extreme side reach (inches). Number of exchanges. 30 and under 31 5 10 11 4 2 2 21 16 47 2 1 36 and under 37 39 11 32 and tinder 33 38 and under 39 . . s 4 34 and under 35 40 and under 41 7 8 9 37 and under 38 43 and under 44 10 6 39 and under 40 45 and under 46 . . 3 1 47 and under 48 4 9 2 50 and under 51 1 It will thus be seen that telephone operating at the switchboard involves frequent long reaching while sitting in order to place the plugs in the upper jacks on the multiple. Although the switchboard chairs are adjustable and can be raised to a considerable height, the key shelf acts as a limit to an entirely satisfactory adjustment. Espe- cially is this true where the message rate is in use. Operators are then obliged to write tickets and do other clerical work, and this makes it necessary to keep their chairs reasonably low. As a consequence, in order to reach the higher jacks most operators must rise on the foot rail, or at least stretch full arm length. Furthermore, an operator is supposed to cover not only the position directly in front of her, but also to take calls on the entire multiple (three positions) when the oper- ator on whose position these calls arise receives several signals at one time. This means a frequent side reach of 3 feet to each side of the center and an upward reach of 39 inches, making a diagonal stretch CHAPTEE I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 47 for the operator at times of 53 inches or more from the center of her position. There have been various methods tried to curtail this stretch. The New York Telephone Company has experimented with a series of plat- forms of various heights. This makes the reach easier for the super- visor who is standing, or for the operator who rises to answer her calls, but it has little effect on the person who is seated, for the shelf, even when reduced to the width of 6 inches, is still a barrier. The operator whose arm length is not sufficient often has to rise on the foot rail which runs around the base of the switchboard. Some companies make an effort to minimize this strain by putting such lines as have little incoming business (as pay-station telephones from which calls are made, but which are seldom called up) at the top of their multiple boards, so that operators seldom receive calls which necessitate their plugging into these higher jacks. This, however, is not the universal practice. Many of the companies allow an operator to pass her plug to her neighbor to insert if the reach is too great, but if that neighbor is busy, rather than give a slow connection the operator will strain to complete the connection herself. Moreover, the operator on whose position the call originated is held responsible for any error in connec- tion, and she is therefore naturally loath to pass the call. In one city there is a practice of placing the cords and plugs at the "hospital position" (the lines out of order) above the multiple jacks instead of on the key shelf. One "hospital" operator said the reach was 32 inches above the shelf, or 10 inches above her head. She says if she has her chair low so that she can write or make out tickets on the key shelf it makes a still greater reach. In exchanges where the new high board of 38 inches has been installed the "hospital" cords are 38 inches above the shelf and 15 inches above the operator's head. The chief operator usually stands on the foot rail and gets the cords down for the "hospital" operator. Normally there is little occasion to reach for these high "hospital" cords, perhaps not over a dozen times on an ordinary day. On a stormy day, however, this position is frequently very busy. Sometimes an operator has so many calls that in order to move more freely and quickly she will push back her chair and stand at her work. The trouble here lies more in the strain of work than in the standing, which is but a visible symbol of conditions. An unusual method requiring compulsory standing is practiced by one company, in the exchanges of which chairs are taken away from night operators who show signs of sleepiness and no time for sleeping is allowed. Constant standing is an inconvenience to which one class of em- ployees, the supervisors, are subject. It is the rule in a number of 48 TELEPHONE IKVESTIGATION. cities to permit the superrisor to exchange places at times with a sub- stitute (usually her senior operator), or to allow the supervisor to sit at a desk and act as monitor during part of the day. This custom is, however, far from universal. In one city, at least, supervisors find it difficult to get relief even if they are ill or tired, unless they are so ill as to be obliged to go home and forfeit their wages during the time lost. The accompanying photographs of a switchboard where the top row of jacks, or upreach of the operator, is too high will present the situa- tion better, perhaps, than figures can do. LENGTH OF SERVICE OF OPEBATOKS. An important element in determining the efficiency of service to the pubhc is the average length of service in the occupation. Broadly speaking, this is an element v/hich the companies can not altogether control, though, so far as the questions of wages, age at beginning work, opportmiities for promotion, and sympathetic treatment of employees enter into the problem, the answer lies with the companies. Other elements, however, like that of marriage, are beyond their influence. According to the general experience of telephone companies, the average service of an operator at the switchboard is about three years. One company, by reducing the age limit at which it would employ girls from 17 to 15 years, increased the average service of its operators from 18 months to 21 years, and generally speaking, the younger the girls are when they begin the longer they stay at the business. The average length of service of all operators at present employed is reported by Dallas, Tex., as two years and five months ; average length of service for all operators is reported as 17 months in Washington, D. C; and as 18 months in Baltimore, Md. By operating forces or tricks the figures for Washington and Balti- more are as follows: AVERAGE MONTHS OF SERVICE OF DAY, EVENING, AND NIGHT OPERATORS IN WASH- INGTON, D. C, AND BALTIMORE, MD. Class o( operators". Average months of service in- Washing- ton. Baltimore. Day operators Evening operators . Night operators 28.6 5.3 12.7 29.5 8.8 11.7 It must be borne in mind in considering the above presentation that numbers of the night and evening operators pass into the day force rather than out of the service, while those dropping out of the day force drop out of the service altogether, comparatively few going into supervisory groups. CHAPTER I. GENERAL, DISCUSSION. 49 In the matter of promotion in the sense of increased salary, most companies have more or less adhered to automatic systems of granting increases every six months until the maximum is reached. Failure to adhere strictly to this rule, when it is a tacit part of the terms of agreement under which the operator enters the company's employ, was found to be a serious source of complaint and is most fruitful of resignation. Promotions from the ranks of operators to the super- visory force are not infrequent and may be fairly hoped for by the older women in the service. The accompanying table shows for two cities — New York, N. Y., and Atlanta, Ga. — the' number in each and in all supervisory positions as compared with the number of switch- board operators, by tricks, and the relative ages of women and girls in the various positions: PERSONS OF EACH SPECIFIED AGE EMPLOYED ON SUPERVISORY FORCE AND AS SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, BY SHIFTS. NEW TOBK TELEPHONE CO., NEW YORK, N. Y. (Metropolitan exchanges only). Employees of each specified age. Total Occupation. 16 years. 17 years. 18 years. 19 years. 20 years. 21 years and over. em- ploy- ees. DAY OPERATING FORCE. 45 200 43 27 63 45 Supervisors 1 1 7' 1 2 4 7 ib 15 6 11 212 61 1 3 38 TxifornifvtinTi npRrFi,tnr.. m 144 86 47 11 p. TTl 65 12 p. m. 9S Hour ending— Minne Minn. apolis, Main. NewO La.: H (resid rleans; emlock ence). NewO La.: (bust rleans, Main uess). New York, N. Y.: Broad Central (business). New Yorls, N. Y.: River- side Central (residence). Operar tors. Calls per opera- Operar tors. Calls per opera- Opera- tors. Calls per operar tor. Opera- tors. Calls per Operar tors. CaUs per 1 a. m 2 1 1 1 1 2 ?l 24 26 26 24i 22 23i 26 25 23 24^ 13* 13" 12 11 42.5 49.3 44.0 40.0 38.0 35.0 58.0 72.0 139.5 193.0 186.7 192.7 190.8 145.0 140.1 123.0 152.9 141.6 121.4 133.8 9.3.7 102.5 64.1 92.0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 3 3 26.3 17.0 12.0 19.0 23.0 26.3 62.7 68.0 98.3 125.4 135.6 125.8 102.0 104.3 108.2 96.6 97.8 112.5 115.0 112.4 67.9 82.4 60.3 28.7 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 25 62 52 52 62 61 51 51 61 51 43 43 43 16 8 8 8 53.3 34.6 27.1 24.8 22.1 32.4 42.3 64.6 124.8 206.2 190.4 164.1 115.3 105.3 179.5 169.8 149.0 135.2 82.0 83.6 161.1 125.0 86.0 64.3 4 4 t 4 6 8 10 16 60 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 53 27 10 10 8 7 6 "■'o.'s' ""i'.h' 1.2 7.8 11.4 47.6 119.8 128.1 124.8 89.4 91.3 106.2 108.6 89.7 61.1 41.1 20.8 8.3 3.9 1.1 1.6 9 9 8 6 8 9 15 20 34 45 45 40 42 38 38 33 33 34 33 32 31 22 15 11 7.6 6.2 2.9 4 a. m 1.5 1.5 6 a. m 2.6 7.9 49.1 9 a, m 88.9 144.1 11a. m 121.0 12 m 114.1 98.4 2 p. m 99.7 3 p m . 95.7 90.6 5 -n. m 86.7 6pm 104.1 108.6 8pm 105.8 75.6 lOp. m 47.6 29.6 12 p. m 15.6 64 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. NUMBER OF OPERATORS AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY IN TYPICAL EXCHANGES OF SELECTED CITIES AND TOWNS— Concluded- Chicago, 111.: Central. Chicago, 111.: Harrison. Stillwater, Minn. Cofleyville, Kans. Independence, Hour ending— Operar tors. Calls per opera- tor. Opera- tors. Calls per opera- tor. Opera- tors. Calls per opera- Opera- tors. Calls per opera- tor. Opera- tors. Calls per opera- tor. 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 22 97 111 111 111 105 103 111 111 111 106 70 41 41 41 8 8 19.8 12.7 9.8 6.3 3.5 4.7 16.6 40.7 80.2 172.7 178.6 176.7 151.2 163.0 170.5 168.4 176.9 124.0 76.9 47.0 29.2 12.5 60.4 27.4 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 27 76 95 95 95 80 88 95 95 95 87 60 37 35 29 7 7 35.4 16.1 10.6 9.3 10.3 15.0 30.9 23.7 94.5 173.1 170.0 157.1 154.4 158.9 149.4 156.0 171.7 136.8 68.5 64.5 42.9 26.5 43.4 67.1 2 a. m 2 2 2 2 3 2 142.0 25.0 57.0 76.0 229.3 252.3 237.5 203.8 151.8 145.0 186.8 147.5 182.3 233.0 193.0 176.8 102.8 76.0 79.0 2 5.0 5 a. m 14.0 1 1 2 4 4 4 f 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 20.0 38.0 174.5 159.8 173.5 152.0 128.6 184.0 133.3 149.7 107.3 144.0 127.7 243.0 204.7 86.0 43.5 28.0 15.0 22.0 7 a. m 74.3 145.3 9 a. m 10 a. m . 194.3 206 3 161.0 12in 151 3 146.5 3 p. ni .. . . 253 3 5p. m 168 278.3 8p. m. . -. 270 77 8 10 p. m 92 2 121.0 1 Several graphics or diagrams, to better illustrate the "load" in a telephone exchange, are printed on the pages following. The first diagram shows the "operating curve" for an exchange in the busiaess district of Boston. The figures at the left margin indicate the number of calls and are to be read by the lighter lines, which show the calls at the time of day indicated by the hours shown at the base. There are two of these lighter lines, one showing origi- nating or "A" board calls; the other incoming calls trunked from other exchanges, or "B" board calls. The heavy lines indicate the operators, both "A" board and "B" board, as they relate to the number of calls. For instance, at 8 a. m. the number of "A" board operators coming on increases from approximately 35 to 225, and the "A" board calls run up to the "peak of the morning load" considerably before 10 o'clock. There are more than 30,000 calls with Approximately 275 operators to handle them. By about 12.15 p. m. this load has run down to less than 25,000, when it starts upward again toward ' ' the peak of the afternoon load." The disparity between the number of trunk calls and the number of "B" board operators as compared with originating calls and "A" board operators as here graphically shown has been explained before by the fact that a girl can handle twice as many calls on a "B " board as she can on an '^A" board. CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 65 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 5 66 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION, CHAPTEE I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 67 tt »- (O Is z o o ± 3: I- ^ z m u < -a (> r lO ITV 'Xn to CO A 00 i^ ^ «. H < 68 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 2° o o U II. U o Ip. a. < o Ul K I ^ Id >; uj a. :! _l Q < Ul < Z o S _ o » Z — u QQ U. ^ cc < 10 t- u O o *=? L. O C O lA 3Q q: ■^ H fr- tr »0 sfl ».» l/i K.. rl rJ f4 W^ *4 O O f4 N N ^l ^0 O >.» ■^ ft »* On 0^ » ) 6.8 Operators, chief, assistant Operators, senior Painters 7 5 5 1 29.2 71.4 Paymasters, assistant 71.4 100.0 Porters i 1 20.6 .1 3 19 60.0 2.8 1 486 4 1 20.0 71.6 100.0 33.3 173 25.5 2 66.7 3 75.0 1 2 25.0 1.8 92 1 264 39 1 2 80.7 100.0 60.8 68.4 25.0 4.8 20 17.5 Stenographers 6 1.4 135 10 3 31.1 17.5 75.0 29 8 6.7 14.0 Superintendents Superintendents, assistant. . Supervisors 40 2 19 4 95.2 100 32 L9 813 49.4 783 47.5 1.2 Supervisors, building 100 16 2 31 93.8 66.7 8.6 1 6.3 Surveyors Switchboard men 1 81 9 33 3 1 .3 248 58 16 1 17 4 146 1 4 11 6 68.7 86.6 80.0 6.7 65.4 36.4 62.1 4.8 100.0 20.8 100.0 22.4 Switcliboard men, apprentice Switchboard men, helper ... . 13 4 4 20.0 Switchboard men, junior — Telegraph operators 14 4 7 59 20 93 3 1 3.8 4 15.4 15 4 63 6 Testers 2 .9 28 11.9 25 1 95.2 Tile layers Traffic chiefs 42 79 2 Traffic chiefs, assistant Treasurers, assistant 3 45 16 100 1 .4 27 9.7 204 1 73.6 6.9 16 2 Troublemen, junior 94.1 ■I Includi^g 1, rate of wages not reported, b Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. c Including 7, rates of wages not reported. CHAPTER i. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 87 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH SPECIFIED OCCUPATION, TELE- PHONE COMPANIES, BY CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Total em- ployees. Employees whose monthly rates of wages were — Occupation. Under $30. S30 and under 850. $50 and under $80. $80 and over. Nimi- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 26 71 319 . 25 127 8 265 2 2 5 8.0 2.8 1.6 23 5 8 2 3 92.0 7.0 2.5 8.0 2.4 Wn.tp.hTnBTi 64 140 11 109 5 149 90.1 43.9 44.0 85.8 62.5 58.4 Wire Chiefs 166 12 16 3 51 52.0 Wire cluefs, assistant. . . . 48 Wiremen. 11 8 37.5 11 4.3 44 17.3 20.0 Total "37,886 8,651 22.9 14,672 38.6 10,370 27.6 4,167 11.0 INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 1 3 6 1 1 37 2 16 1 2 13 1 2 7 1 11 16 43 3 5 2 668 26 6 33 1 16 3 4 2 3 65 3 6 3 19 1 100.0 Bookkeepers 3 3 1 1 7 100.0 50.0 100.0 100.0 18.9 3 50.0 Carpenters Cashiers Clerks.. 9 24.3 20 54.1 1 2 1 2 7 Clerks, chief 100 Collectors. U 68.8 4 1 2 2 25.0 100.0 100.0 15.4 6 3 Draftsmen Drivers 11 1 84.0 ForftTTiRTij gp.Tifirn.1 100. TTlspw.t/^T'S. 2 5 100.0 71.4 Installers.. 1 1 10 15 H 2 1 1 62 16 5 32 14.3 100.0 90.9 93.8 25.6 66.7 20.0 60.0 10.9 61.5 83.3 97.0 1 14 3 Instructors Janitors 1 1 32 9.i 6.3 74.4 Linemen 1 4 1 506 6 1 1 1 33.3 80.0 50.0 89.1 23.1 16.7 3.0 100.0 Monitors.. .. Operators, chief . ... 3 U.5 1 3.8 Operators, chief, assistant . . . Operators, student Repair men 15 3 2 1 93.8 100.0 50.0 60.0 • 1 6 3 Stenographers 2 50.0 1 3 50.0 Superintendents 100.0 13 20.0 52 1 80.0 33.3 1 5 3 6 33.3 83.3 100.0 31.6 1 1 33.3 Wire chiefs 16.7 3 16.8 9 47.4 1 5.3 Total 932 546 58.6 252 27.0 104 11.2 30 3.2 AMEBICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Clerks . 77 7 2 10 5 7 11 2 513 16 13 3 3.9 50 64.9 24 3 31.2 42.9 Clerks chief 4 57.1 2 1 100.0 10.0 5 5 50.0 100.0 4 40.0 1 H 14.3 100.0 6 85.7 2 369 4 100.0 71.9 25.0 129 25.1 15 8 9 2.9 50.0 69.2 4 4 25.0 Operators, chief, assistant . . . 30.8 " Including 126, rates of wages not reported. 88 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH SPECIFIED OCCUPATION, TELE- PHONE COMPANIES, BY CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES— Concluded. AMEUICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. Total em- ployees. Employees whose monthly rates of wages were — Occupation. Under 830. S30 and under $50. $50 and under $80. $80 and over.. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 9 79 4 9 4 4 20 44.4 25.3 5 59 4 2 1 55.6 25.0 74.7 100.0 22.2 Telegraph operators Traffic chiefs 7 3 77.8 Traffic chiefs, assistant 76.0 Total 768 144 18.8 458 59.6 140 18.2 26 3.4 In the foregoing table no separation by sex has been made. In most occupations all or practically all are either males or females. For such occupations as were found to be shared in any significant degree by both sexes, an additional table has been prepared, showing the relative number and percentage by wage groups for males and females, as follows: NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES OF EACH SEX RECEIVING EACH CLASSIFIED MONTHLY RATE OF WAGES, IN SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS. Employees. Employees whose monthly rates of wages were— Occupation. Male. Fe- male. Total. Under $30. $30 and under $50. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. Bookkeepers... 267 112.661 118 491 311 380 6 57 69 ol,871 37 45 105 37 6 377 316 4,552 165 536 416 417 441 1 73 23 316 24 389 4.2 18.8 96.8 81.2 100.0 100.0 15 474 1 83 98 50 12 31 1,304 15 13 21 '"i23" 46 1,778 16 96 119 50 135 32.6 26.7 6.2 86.5 82.4 100.0 8.9 67.4 73.3 93.8 13.5 17.6 9i."i" 100.0 100.0 Clerks, chief... 100.0 Collectors Janitors Messengers Stenographers. 8 57 330 1 30 84 37 6 38 141 367 6 21.1 40.4 89.9 16.7 78.9 59.6 10.1 83.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Employees whose monthly rates of wages were — Occupation. $60 and under $80. $80 and over. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. Bookkeepers... Clerks.... 199 1,430 24 270 154 6 232 20 2 204 1,662 44 272 164 97.6 86.0 54.5 99.3 100.0 2.6 14.0 45.6 .7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42 674 93 130 2 42 683 96 130 2 100.0 98.7 97.9 100.0 100.0 100 9 2 L3 2.1 100 Clerks, chief.... 100. 100.0 Janitors 100 Messengers Stenographers.. 34 230 264 12.9 87.1 100.0 10 19 29 34.6 65.5 100.0 a Not including 30, sex not reported. 6 Not including 7, sex not reported. CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 89 In this table a distribution is made by sex into classified wage groups for such occupations as contained any very significant number of both sexes. Several such occupations are given. Of bookkeepers, for instance, pay-roll cards were received for a total of 316, 257 of whom were males and 59 were females. Of the 316, 24 fall within the first wage group, or have a monthly wage rate of less than $30; of these, 95.8 per cent are females; in the next wage group, or those receiving $30 and under $50 per month, there is a total of 46 persons, 32.6 per cent of whom are males and 67.4 per cent females; in the wage group $50 and under $80 per month, there are 204 persons, but here 97.5 per cent are males and 2.5 per cent females; while in the group $80 per month and over, 42 persons are found, all males. If we take the clerks, we find a total employment of 4,552 per- sons, but in 30 cases the cards did not show sex, so that 4,522 is the number whose sex can be de^termined from the returns. Of these, 389 have a rate of less than $30 a month, and of these, 73, or 18.8 per cent, are males, while 316, or 81.2 per cent, are females; in the next wage group, $30 and under $50 a month, 1,778 persons are found, of whom 26.7 per cent are males and 73.3 per cent females; in the next group, $50 and under $80 a month, 1,662 persons present a complete reversal of percentages, 86 per cent being males and 14 per cent females; while of the 683 in the $80 and over class, 98.7 are naales and only 1.3 per cent are female^. In stenography the female employees maintain a larger percentage and do not significantly lose on their predominant percentage until the highest wage group, $80 and over, is reached, when the percent- age is 65.5 for females and 34.5 for males, as against very much lower percentages for males in the lower w-age groups. Considering that interest centers practically in the working con- ditions and wages of switchboard operatives, the wages of these are here discussed in more detail and are subjected to closer analysis. Rates of wages must not be confused with earnings, no general statement of which is attempted in this report. Monthly earnings and monthly rate of wages would obviously be identical if the operator worked full time and no overtime, that is, full-time earnings cor- resjpond to monthly rate. But, for the reason noted above, that the pay-roll cards came in on different bases, some on an hourly, some on a weekly, others on a semimonthly, while the majority were on a monthly rate basis, it became necessary to base the report on rates of wages rather than earnings. The elements of undertime and over- time do not disturb the rates of wages, while they form a prime element in earnings. Take a pay-roll card, for instance, where an operator at the rate of one dollar a day earned four doUars in the pay- roll period of one week. In other words, she lost two days' time and 90 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. wages. In reducing this card to a monthly basis no violence is done in stating the monthly equivalent of one dollar a day as the monthly rate. With regard to earnings, however, the case is different. It is manifestly not proper to say that because the time covered by the pay-roll card is to be increased the earnings are to be increased in the same proportion. It is not proper to say that because this operator lost two days in one week she will lose eight days in four weeks or nine days in a month. The same reasoning applies in case of pay-roll cards showing overtime and when exact full time was worked and earnings agreed with rate. The fact that an operator works full time during one pay-roll period is not a guarantee that she will do so for any number of other pay-roll periods. It became impossible, therefore, to deal Avith earnings in a detailed way. After all, the rate is what an operator will earn if she works, and when she works, and while she works. When for any reason she does not work, she of course earns nothing, so that rates of wages in an industry, where there is practically no shut-down, lay-off, or slack-work element in the employment of those engaged, becomes fully as satisfactory a gauge of economic conditions as could be secured by a statement of earnings. In the matter of the number of operators who worked more or less overtime during the pay-roll period definite data can be given. The pay-roll blanks, as furnished by the bureau and filled out and returned to it by the various companies, called for the overtime worked by each employee during the pay-roll period. This information has been separately tabulated for operators whose pay-roll cards showed that they had worked overtime. The following table shows the number of operators, the number of these who worked overtime within the period, regardless of amount of overtime worked, and per- centage of overtime workers of the whole: NUMBER AND PER CENT OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS REPORTING WHO WORKED OVERTIME, FOR SPECIFIED COMPANIES. Number Per cent Number of oper- c! oper- of oper- ators who ators who ators. worked worked overtime. overtime. 466 60 12.88 750 152 20.27 678 201 .34.78 180 22 12.22 346 39 11.27 285 9 3.16 3,385 937 27.68 606 257 42.41 66 15 22.73 322 284 88.20 339 66 19.47 119 103 86.55 175 150 85.71 189 186 98.41 BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Bell Telephone Co., of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo Bell Telephone Co., of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, Pa Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis, Ind Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Washington, D. C. . . Chicago Telephone Co. , Chicago, 111 Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co. , Cincinnati , Ohio Citizens Telephone Co. , Covington, Ky Cleveland Telephone Co. ^Cleveland, Ohio Colorado Telephone Co. , Denver, Colo Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Louisville, Ky Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Nashville, Tenn. . . Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., New Orleans, La. . CHAPTEE I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 91 NUMBER AND PERCENT OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS REPORTING WHO WORKED OVERTIME, FOR SPECIFIED COMPANIES— Concluded. Number of oper- ators. Number of oper- ators who worked overtime. Per cent of oper- ators who worked overtime. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— COnCluded. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns under 5,000 population Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co. , towns 5,000 to 15,000 population Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 15,000 to 25,000 population. . . Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 25,000 and over Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr New England Telephone and Telegraph Co., Boston, Mass New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns under 5,000 population. . . Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 5,000 to 15,000 population. Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co. , towns 15,000 to 25,000 population Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co. , towns 25,000 and over Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. , Los Angeles, Cal Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. , Portland, Greg Pacifio Telephone and Telegraph Co . , San Francisco , Cal Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Seattle, Wash Rooky Mountain Bell Telephone Co. , Salt Lake City, Utah Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Atlanta, Ga Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Birmingham, Ala Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Richmond, Va Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co. , Dallas, Tex INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Home Telephone Co., Kansas City, Mo Home Telephone Co., Louisville, Ky Maryland Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md 34fi 212 119 555 257 1,625 2,825 62 149 24 325 320 275 509 207 82 139 73 57 235 365 125 78 1)1 91 47 251 234 25 5 330 39 14 107 10 15 172 32.08 42.92 39.50 45.23 91.05 1.54 0.18 15.95 35.64 64.83 14.61 17.07 76.98 13. 70 26.32 73.19 26.30 60.40 These data show remarkable variance in the number and per cent of overtime workers found to be necessary in various cities. In New York City, for instance, less than one-fifth of 1 per cent of the operators were reported as working overtime; while in New Orleans 98.41 per cent of operators work more or less overtime. Boston reports but 25 out of 1,625 operators, or 1.54 per cent, as having worked overtime; while Cleveland, Ohio, reports 284 out of 322, or 88.2 per cent, so working. In San Francisco 330 out of 509 were called upon to work over- time during the pay-roll period, this being 64.83 per cent; while in Omaha 234 out of 257, or over 91 per cent. In Atlanta, Ga., 76.98 per cent, and in LouisviUe, Ky., 86.55 per cent were so called upon to do or did overtime work; while in Washington only 9 out of 285, or 3.16 per cent, were so called upon. In St. Louis 60 out of 466, or 12.88 per cent; Salt Lake City, a trifle over 17 per cent, and in Seattle 39 out of 267, or 14.61 per cent, worked over- time. In Baltimore the Independent Company reports no overtime workers, while the Bell Company has but 11.27 per cent of such. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company reports no overtime worked at any of its exchanges. It would seem from a study of this table that overtime work can be controlled and is controlled in some exchanges and in some localities, and that if the entire elimination of overtime work is possible in some 92 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. places, it might, if desirable, be reduced to a minimum in all by the adoption of the methods there employed. It should be stated that practically in all companies and in all localities the tacit rule among managers is to make the entering wage slightly above the local prevailing entering wage in department and dry goods stores. That is to say, believing that telephone girls are drawn from the same elements in society and have about the same educational qualifications as saleswomen in stores, the telephone companies make it a rule to pay slightly higher wages than these stores, in the hope of getting the pick of the element from which such employees are drawn. Within the lower-wage groups are found those who have been but a few months in the service, and the percentage of such indicates the per cent, generally speaking, of those designated as "new girls." When an automatic system of wage increase prevails, this gradually works itself out, provided the expansion of the business or resignations of operators do not operate to keep the ranks of new recruits swelled to a point which perpetuates the disturbance of the "average monthly rate." The working of the automatic increase scale is made clear by the following schedule of increases obtaining in the Chicago exchanges. The principle is the same wherever an automatic promotion system exists. AUTOMATIC SCALE OF WAGES PAID BY CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY. OPERATORS' SCHEDULE. Period of service. Day basis: Work- ing 8 hours, paid for 8i hours. Hourly- rate. Monthly equiva- lent. Short day basis: Working 5 hours, paid for 8 hours. Hourly rate. Monthly equiva- lent. 1st to 3d month 4th to 6th month. . , 7th to 9th mouth. . . 10th to 12th month. 13th to 15th month. 16th to 18th month. 19th to 21st month. 22d to 24th month.. 25th to 27th month. 28th to 30th month. 31st to 33d month.. 34th to 36th month. 4th year 6th year 6th year 7th year 8th year 9th year 10th year $0.10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .14 .15 .15 .17 .17 .18 .18 .19 .20 .20 .20 .22 .22 .23 821.68 23.84 26.01 28.18 30.34 30.34 32.51 32.51 36.84 36.84 39.01 39.01 41.18 43.35 43.35 43.35 47.68 47.68 49.86 S20. 40 22.44 24.48 26.52 28.66 28.66 30.60 30.60 34.68 34.68 36.72 30.72 38.76 40.80 40.80 40.80 44.88 44.88 44.88 a If operator is kept on evening work at her own request, after her 15-cent rate is past, she does not get over 15 cents; if kept on evenings because there is no place on day work, she gets raises as indicated. CHAPTEK I. GENEKAL DISCUSSION. 93 AUTOMATIC SCALE OF WAGES PAID BY CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY— Concl'd. SUPEBVISORS' SCHEDULE. [Day basis: Working 8 hours, paid lor SJ hours. Evening basis: Working 5 hours, paid for 8 hours.] Period of service. Hourly rate. Monthly equiva- lent. 1st to 3d month . $0.10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 $21.68 4th to 6th month 23.84 26.01 28.18 13th to 15th month . 30.34 32.61 19th to 21st month 34.68 22d to 24th month : 36.84 25th to 27th month 39.01 41.18 31st to 33d tnonth 43.35 34th to 36th month _ 45.52 37th to 43d month . 47.68 43d to 48th month 49.86 52.02 6th year 54.19 56.36 Some companies provide certain "extras," such as lunches or hot beverage contributions to lunches, as detailed in a previous section. Eight of the Bell companies pay certain car fares as extras. Of these companies one pays "excess car fares," that is, if an operator is not within a 5-cent fare of her exchange, the company pays all over 5 cents each way until the girl can be transferred to an exchange more convenient to her home; one pays extra car fare to split-trick opera- tors ; three pay the car fare of split-trick operators ; and two pay the car fare of relief operators. In a few individual cases, or with employ- ees of an individual company, these extras might mean a substantial increase, or at least, assistance. Manifestly, however, these uncertain and casual elements must be eliminated from any statistical presenta- tions of rates of wages, and they do not enter into these rates. The following table shows the total number of switchboard oper- ators as represented by the pay-roll cards received from each company and city named, smaller cities and towns for two of the companies being grouped with towns under 5,000 population, 5,000 and under 15,000, etc. The average monthly rate for each city, or for these groups of towns, is likewise shown by companies . The total shown for all Bell com- panies is 16,258 operators at an average monthly wage rate of $30.91. The lowest average for Bell companies is naturally found in one of the groups of towns under 5,000 population, where 346 operators average $18.21 on a full-time basis ; 212 operators in a group of towns 5,000 and under 15,000 population have an average monthly wage rate of $19.92. Considering the larger cities in the Bell system, the highest average monthly rate of wages is found in New YorkCity, where 2,825 operators average $36.96. The Pacific coast cities are seen to carry a relatively high average rate: San Francisco, $35.84; LosAngeles, $35.09; Seattle, $35; Portland, Oreg., $34.74. The lowest average for a city of con- siderable size in the Bell system is found in Nashville, Tenn., 94 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. where 175 operators have an average rate of $22.40. The average rates in Southern cities range rather lower than those found elsewhere. This is the explanation of the low average for independent companies reporting, as most of the returns received were from Southern cities located in a low-wage belt. The 568 wage returns from three inde- pendent companies show an average monthly rate of $24.38, the low- est being for Louisville, $19.07; the highest for Kansas City, Mo., |26. The returns from the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, or long-distance exchanges, show 513 operators with a general aver- age monthly wage rate of $34.45. Here the lowest average rate is found in Kansas City, Mo., $30; the highest in New York City, $38.53. AVERAGE MONTHLY RATE OF WAGES OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS. Company. Number of opera- tors. Average monthly rate of BELL .TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, Pa Central Union Telephone Co. , Indianapolis, Ind Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., W ashington, D . C Chicago Telephone Co., Chicago, 111 Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio Citizens Telephone Co., Covington, Ky Cleveland Telephone Co. Cleveland, Ohio Colorado Telephone Co., Denver, Colo Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Louisville, Ky Cmnberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Nashville, Tenn Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., New Orleans, La Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co. , towns under 5 ,000 Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 6,000 and under 15,000 Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 15,000 and under 25,000 Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 25,000 and over Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr New England Telephone and Telegraph Co., Boston, Mass New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co. , towns under 5,000 Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 5,000 and tmder 15,000.. Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 15,000 and under 25,000. Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 25,000 and over Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Los Angeles, Cal Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Portland, Oreg Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., San Francisco, Cal Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Seattle, Wash Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co. , Salt Lake City, Utah Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co. , Atlanta, Ga Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Birmingham, Ala Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Richmond, Va Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co., Dallas, Tex Total, Bell telephone system INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Maryland Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md Kansas City Home Telephone Co., Kansas City, Mo Louisville Home Telephone Co., Louisville, Ky Total, independent telephone companies AMEKICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGEAPH COMPANY. Boston, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Kansas City, Mo MinneapoUs, Minn New York, N. Y Pliiladelphia, Pa Pittsburg, Pa St. Louis, Mo Total, American Telephone and Telegraph Company 466 750 1578 180 346 285 3,385 606 66 322 339 119 175 189 346 212 119 655 257 1,625 2,825 52 149 24 326 326 275 509 267 82 139 73 57 235 $29. 44 29.16 27.55 25.04 27.70 27.09 31.69 27.74 26.61 25.59 33.48 23.31 22.40 24.37 18.21 19.92 22.98 26.03 29.62 33.01 36.96 23.71 25.17 22.63 27.99 35.09 34.74 36.84 35.00 34.84 24.78 24.01 25.63 27.32 "10,258 30.91 78 25.27 365 26.00 125 19.07 508 24.38 51 32.79 103 30.87 26 31.15 7 30.00 13 30.38 187 38.63 73 33.49 33 33.79 20 32.00 513 o Not including 1 operator, rate not reported, CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 95 In connection with the average monthly rate of wages the following table shows for each company the wage group in which the largest number of operators is employed and the percentage that this number is of total operators: AVERAGE MONTHLY RATE OF WAGES OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS AND CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS IN WHICH THE LARGEST PERCENTAGES OF OPERATORS ARE FOUND. Company. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo Bell Telephone Co. ol Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. . . Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis, Ind Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md . Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Washington, D. C. Chicago Telephone Co., Chicago, 111 Cincinnati and Suburban BellTelephone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio Citizens Telephone Co., Covington, Ky Cleveland Telephone Co., Cleveland, Ohio Colorado Telephone Co., Denver, Colo Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Louisville, Ky. Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Nashville, Tenu Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., New Orleans, La Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns under 5,000. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 5,000 and under 15,000 Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 15,000 and under 25,000 Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 26,000 and over. Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr New England Telephone and Telegraph Co., Boston, Mass New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y t . . Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns under 6,000. Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 6,000 and underl5,000 Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 15,000 and under 25,000 Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 25,000 and over 1 Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Los Angeles, Cal. . Pacific Telephoneand Telegraph Co., Portland, Oreg Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. , San Francisco, Cal. Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. , Seattle, Wash Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co., Salt Lake City, Utah Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Atlanta, Ga Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Birming- 'ham, Ala.T Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Richmond, Va Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co., Dallas, Tex. All Bell companies INDEPENDENT COMPANIES. Kansas City Home Telephone Co., Kansas City, Mo Louisville Home Telephone Co., Louisville, K y Maryland Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md All independent companies . Average monthly rate ol wages. $29. 44 29.16 27. 5J 25.04 27.70 27.09 31.69 27.74 26.61 25.69 33.48 23.31 22.40 Per cent of operators in wage group in which largest number are em- ployed. $15 and under $20, 24. 37 . . . 18. 21 1 38.73 19.92. 22. 98 . 26. 03' 29.62 33.01 36.96 23.71 25. 17j 22. 63 27. 99 35. 09' 34.74 35.84 35.00 34.84 24.78 24.01 25.53 27. 32' 30.91. 26.00... 19. 07 (i30. 40 25.27|... $20 and under $25. $26 and under $30. 34.76 64.75 39.44 42.02 58.29 67.14 39.50 25.23 60.00 34.23 41, 32.73 38.51 32.21 33.81 39.73 43.86 63.42 $30 and under $35. 36.27 58.96 50.18 24.28 45.54 45.45 38.68 36.63 36.31 28.06 $35 and under $40. 28.83 $40 and under $45. o $10 and under $15, 96 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. AVEEAGE MONTHLY EATE OF WAGES OF TELEPHONE OPERATOES AND CLASSIFIED WAGE GEOUPS IN WHICH THE LAEGEST PEECBNTAGES OF OPEEATOES AEE FOUND— Concluded. Average monthly rate ol wages. Per cent of operators in wage group in which largest number are em- ployed. Company. $15 J20 and and under under 820. J25. J25 and under S30. $30 and under 135. $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Boston, Mass S32. 79 .30. 87 31.15 30.00 30.38 38.53 33.49 33.79 32.00 33.33 52.43 38.46 57.14 46.15 Chicago, 111 CiTK-innati, Ohio 38.46 Kansas City, Mo MinTipppnlis Minn New York, N.Y Philadelphia, Pa 31.51 Pittsburg, Pa 27.27 40.00 St. Louis, Mo 40.00 All American Telephone and Telegraph E xchanges . 34.45 23.98 This table shows that while the average monthly rate in St. Louis, Mo., is, for the Bell company, 129.44, the largest number of oper- ators have a rate of $25 and under $30 a month, and that this greatest number of operators constitutes 34.76 per cent of all oper- ators. In Baltimore, while the average is $27.70, 58.96 per cent of all operators have a monthly rate of $30 and under $35. In New York City, with an average rate for all of $36.96, the largest number, which by reference to general Table V, E, page 320, is ascertained to be 1,032, or 36.53 per cent, falls in the $30 and under $35 classification. To go a step further in the analysis of this average, let us take up the figures for Chicago, in connection with the automatic-promotion schedule shown above. The average monthly rate of wages for 3,385 Bell telephone switch- board operators in Chicago is $31.69. Of these, 731, or 21.6 per cent, are in the group receiving $20 and under $25 a month, which would include those who had worked six months or less at the switchboard, according to the company's scale of promotions. The second group rate, i. e., $25 and under $30, would include, in a general way, all who had worked more than six months and less than one year, except the short-day operators ; in this grouping we find 459 operators, or 13.56 per cent of the total. The $30 and under $35 group given in the text table above, and which contains 822 persons as shown by the general table, comprises 24.28 per cent of all operators. This group includes practically all those who are in the second year of their employment as telephone operators. The next group, $35 and under $40, contains 732 persons, or 21.62 per cent of all operators, and in a general way includes all third-year operators. CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 97 In cities where an automatic system of wage-rate increases prevail, these percentages at given rates indicate in a general way the length, of service of the employees. Combining these data by systems, as the Bell companies, inde- pendent companies, and American Telephone and Telegraph Com- pany, and disregarding localities, the following table shows the number of female switchboard operators working at classified monthly rates of wages, and the per cent that number is of the total number of such operators reported by the system. For the Bell system, the largest number of operators, 4,562, fall in the $30 and under $35 class, and these constitute 28.06 per cent of the 16,258 operators working for the Bell companies from whom pay-roll cards were received. Of the 513 female operators reported by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company exchanges, 123, or 23.98 per cent, fall in the $25 and under $30 group, and this was the largest number falling in any one group; while 271 operators out of the 568 returns from independent companies fall within the same group, and these con- stitute 47.71 per cent of that total. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS IN BACH CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUP, BY SYSTEMS. Classified rates of wages. Operators employed by- Bell system. Number. Per cent. Independent companies. Number. Per cent. American Tele- phone and Tele- graph Company. Number. Percent Under SIO $10 and under $i5 . $15 and under $23 . $20 and under $26 - $25andunfier$30. $30 and unJeriSo. $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45 . $45 and under $50. $50 and under $65 . $55 and over 17 109 789 2,194 3,668 4,662 2,854 1,742 272 42 19 0.10 .67 4.85 13.49 22.50 28.06 17.55 10.71 1.67 .26 .12 35 161 271 60 1 1 6.87 6.16 28.35 47.71 10.66 .18 .18 123 87 117 117 1.17 23.98 16.96 22.81 22.81 9.36 2.92 Total a 16, 268 100. 00 100. 00 100.00 tiNot including 1 operator, rate not reported. RATES CHARGED FOR SERVICE. General Table I, D, pages 136 to 144 of this report, gives in some detail the various classes of service furnished the public by the several com- panies and the rates charged for such various services. The flat rate one party or special line service system is that for which a lump sum per telephone station per year or month is paid, the user being entitled to an unhmited number of calls, or unlimited use of his telephone, for both outgoing and incoming calls. This rate 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2—7 98 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. applies to single wire connections between the telephone instrument and the exchange to which it is attached, and to which wire line con- nections no other telephone user is connected. Flat rate party line, unlimited service, means that two or more telephones are coimected with the same wire leading to the exchange and that the use of the telephone by any one of these precludes its use for the time by others on the line. Party line rates decrease as the number of parties on the line increases. At one time in some cities as many as 12 parties were served by one line. This usually applies to residence districts, and where 12 residences have their tele- phones connected with one wire leading to their exchange the restrictions on its use for any one of them become sometimes severe, though the company places no hmit upon .the use of the wire itself. The tendency has been more recently to hmit the party-line service to four, and in a few places six parties to one line. Flat rates, whether for single telephones — i. e., special lines, or for party lines — generally restrict the users to calls withia a certain zone or area, or to tele- phone connected with certain exchanges, beyond or outside of which "toll rates" apply even to users paying flat rates. In a few instances the distance of the telephone from its connecting exchange is an element in the rate. Measured service means a rate at which a certain maximum number of calls per month or year is allowed for the lump sum designated as the rate, while additional calls are charged for at a stipulated price per call. A measured service special line rate would mean, for in- stance, a telephone with no other party on the line, over which 800 calls could be made per year for $60 a year, additional calls to be paid for at 2 cents per call. Measured service rates apply to business and to residence telephones, and to a more than one party line in precisely the same way that flat rates apply. As in flat rates, the measured service rate on a more than one party line is usually lowered as the number of parties on the line increases. Automatic slot machine rates are, of course, by the single call, except that in some instances they are installed on a guarantee of a certain number of calls per month and a less rate charged for additional calls. Some companies make special rates to joint users of one telephone; others do not. For comparison of rates between cities or of any one city with others, the reader must refer to the general table, as manifestly no satisfactory combination for comparative purposes can be made here. GENERAL SUMMARY AND REVIEW. The telephone industry presents a number of peculiar features from the point of view of labor. It is one of the large industries for the employment of women. One branch of it, switchboard oper- CHAPTER I. GBNEKAL DISCUSSION. 99 ating — at first the work of men and young boys — has gradually been monopolized by women, until, except in rare instances (usually on night work in lonely and unprotected exchanges) men are no longer employed. The number of women in this branch of work is rapidly increasing, so that in many cities it now ranks among the chief occu- pations for women, and everywhere ranks close after saleswomen and stenographers as a field of work for women. To these callings it is further analogous in that it draws its personnel from the same social groups. Fram the point of view of the conditioiis of labor the telephone industry is peculiar in that it requires continuous work for 24 hours each day, 365 days each year, with never a holiday to "stop the machinery." Furthermore, it does not afford a steady volume of work. The "load," or number of calls received, is not constant in quantity, but reaches its maximum, known as the "peak of the load," between ten and eleven o'clock each morning, then subsides, and rises to a slightly less heavy load during the latter part of the afternoon. The hours at which the loads are heaviest in residential districts are slightly different from those in business districts. In the evening and on Sundays and holidays when the work in the latter districts is at its lowest, the residence telephones are usually busiest. This gives rise to peculiar conditions, requiring special organization of the labor forces, as regards shifts and hours, to meet the varying volume of traffic. To the pubhc a telephone is a bit of pure mechanism in which the personal element has little play. This attitude is largely the result of the highly organized methods employed in manipulating the tele- phone system, whereby the subscriber is but seldom brought into personal contact with the operators of the mechanism. Let, how- ever, a delay occur or a niistake be made, and the subscriber is at once keenly alive to the human element at the other end of the line in the person of the operator, whom he deems responsible for this condition. The delay may perhaps have been due to the operator's mistake or carelessness, but again it may have been due to some out- side cause for which she was not responsible — some sudden and unexpected trouble on the wires which caused her to get false signals; a change in the subscriber's number, or any one of a dozen causes. The operator is not permitted to take time to explain, lest in so doing a dozen other subscribers be kept waiting for service. While she has been caring for one call, others have been waiting, and she must answer as rapidly as possible, and above aU, must not show haste or carelessness in her manner of answering. The efficiency of the tele- phone service is to be traced in a large measure to the work of the operator and the conditions under which her work is performed. 100 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. The center of the telephone system is the exchange. Here are located the large switchboards by means of which subscribers' tele- phones are interconnected. On entering this room one sees a number of young women seated side by side, on adjustable chairs facing the switchboards. These consist of a cabinet about six feet in height from which, at an elevation convenient for the seated operators, extends a horizontal shelf frorri 6 to 14 inches in width. On this shelf are the cords and plugs used by the operator in making connections. Here are also the keys by which she rings her subscriber's telephone bells and opens the circuit wires to put herself in communication with the subscriber. Above the key shelf, on the vertical part of the switchboard, every telephone has its terminal or answering "jack," which consists of two small metal springs set in a circular orifice connected to the subscriber's line. On the newer type of common battery boards there is a central lamp known as the "pilot lamp " which tells the operator whenever a call comes on her board. There is also a small lamp located directly under each terminal, and when a subscriber signals the operator for service, both these lamps light and show her whence the call comes. The older switchboards display a number called a "drop" because of the method of signahng. The switchboard is usually divided into sections of about six feet in length. Each of these sections is occupied by three operators' positions, allowing 24 inches approximately to one operator. On the lower part of each position are a certain number of subscribers' terminals, and above these are the "multiple" jacks by means of which the operator can coimect the calling party with the person or station desired. These jacks are repeated or "multiplied" through- out the switchboard, usually once in each section. This arrangement makes it possible for an operator to reach any one of the "multiple" jacks at any part of the switchboard without having to learn relative positions of lines anew. Switchboards are either of the common battery or of the magneto type. The former are used almost entirely in large cities, and there- fore serve the bulk of telephone subscribers. These switchboards are practically all of the manual type, that require the work of an opera- tor to complete connections. The automatic telephones are not yet extensively used. In small towns there is. usually but one exchange. In larger cities it has been found of greater value to have several exchanges in different parts of the city, each with facihties for com- pleting the connections of its local subscribers. If the calls are for another district, they are "trunked" to the exchange in that district, where the connection is completed. The telephone line consists of two wires which lead from the sub- scriber's instrument through overhead wires or cables or through CHAPTEB I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. lOl underground cables to the switchboard in the exchange. When a subscriber wishes to use his telephone, he turns the handle of his magnetogenerator or lifts the receiver from the hook. Thereupon a signal is displayed at the terminal of his line on the switchboard. When the operator receives this signal, she connects her "set" (a receiver strapped upon her ear and a transmitter suspended in front of her) with the subscriber's terminal. She then throws a lever, known as a "listening key," which puts her in communication with the calling party. This action extinguishes the signal, if a lamp signal is used. She asks the number wanted and connects the lines. This is done with short flexible cords endiug in metal plugs, one plug being, inserted jn the subscriber's line and the other in the end of the line belonging to the called party. Before inserting the plug in the line of the called party, however, the operator tests the line by touching the end of the plug to the line's spring jack. If the line is busy, this action causes the operator's receiver to emit a loud click; if the line is out of order, a siaging sound is heard, and the operator so reports to the calling party. If no sound is heard, the plug is inserted in the spring jack. The operator then rings the called party by means of a key which tiu-ns on the ringing current, at the same time disconnecting her listening circuit. Connected with each pair of cords and plugs are two small lamps, each lamp acting as signal for the cord with which it corresponds. When the operator inserts the plug into each jack, the corresponding lamp is lighted. When the called party removes his receiver from the hook, these lights are extinguished, showing the operator that her ringing has been answered. During conversation the lamps are out, but as soon as the parties thereto hang up their receivers both lamps light. This signals the operator to take down the connection and leave the jacks free for use on another call. If either subscriber wishes to attract the attention of the operator, he moves his receiver hook up and down several times, and that in turn causes the corre- sponding^amp to flash as a signal for the operator to open her listen- ing key and ask what he wishes. In the large cities not all subscribers' lines terminate in any one exchange. A system has been devised whereby a connecting link is established between the exchanges. The subscribers' lines are con- nected at the ends of this Irak and so put into commiuiication. The general method of establishing this connection is ks follows: When an operator receives a call for a subscriber whose line does not termi- nate in the exchange in which she is located, she is unable to com- plete the connection herself. She then has recourse to what is known as "trunking" the call — that is, she employs a line called a "circuit" or "order" wire, and by this means reaches an operator in the exchange wanted. These order wires are special circuits by 102 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. which any subscriber's operator may put herself in communication with a trunking operator in each of the other exchanges. Having reached a trunking operator, she repeats the number desired, and the operator in the second exchange thereupon assigns a "tnmk" line, over which connection is established between the two exchanges and the called party's line is joined thereto and the parties put into communication. The operator who receives calls direct from subscribers is known as an "A" operator and her board as an "A" board. The operator who receives calls from operators in other exchanges and assigns trunk lines to them in order to complete connections is known as a "B" operator and her board as the "B" board. Sometimes an "A" board is built to receive incoming calls only and has no multiple, and in this case the calls are trunked over to the local "B" operator in the same way that calls between exchanges are handled. The methods of making connections above outlined are those fol- lowed in the usual local connection. There are, however, three dis- tinct types of telephone messages: Local, long distance; and toll. A local message is ordinarily one that is conveyed within the city in which the calling subscribers are located. A toll message is a mes- sage traveling between two public exchanges that belong to the same system, but are, as a rule, located in different towns. A long-distance message is usually one that passes between exchanges of two different systems. For the work in the operating room there is one general form of organization modified to suit local needs. Naturally the larger num- ber of the employees attend to the ordinary routine of interconnecting subscribers. For efficient and rapid work they are held to a strict discipline, with well-defined duties for each group of employees. The usual arrangement of force and assignment of duties is thus outlined: The operator is the person who comes in direct contact with the subscriber, taking his orders and making connections for him. She is permitted the use of certain set phrases only and is not allowed to enter into any conversation with subscribers, lest by so doing she fail to answer other calls that are awaiting her service. There are some- times a great number of calls coming to her at one time during busy hours, and before these are all answered, several more may be await- ing attention. The operators are supposed not only to answer the calls arising directly in front of them, but also to assist the operators on either side of them when possible. Back of the operators' positions walk the supervisors. Each supervisor is assigned to a group of from six to fifteen operators, to help them when they are too busy, to correct mistakes, and handle any complications. In case circumstances arise which make it neces- sary to enter into explanations with a subscriber, the operator dis- CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 103 plays a signal which calls her supervisor to handle the matter. Each supervisor usually has assigned to her a "senior operator," whose duty is to fill any vacant place at the switchboard or relieve the supervisor in case she becomes ill or is obliged to leave her position temporarily. The supervisors are directly responsible to the chief operator and her assistant. These are generally the highest authori- ties in the operating room. The manager usually has charge of several offices in a group, and these group managers report to the superintendent of traffic, who is chief of the operating service. There are also certain special operators : The information operator, whose duty it is to inform subscribers of numbers not yet in the telephone book and to give kindred information; the "trouble" or "hospital" operator, to whose position all "out of order" lines are connected until the maintenance department has located and removed the trouble; the monitor, who from a desk position listens on the various operators' lines. The monitors add another form of super- vision, helping locate irregularities of service and certain naechanical troubles on the lines. Telephone operating requires definite mental and physical qualifi- cations, and also certain preliminary educational qualifications. Height, age, sight, hearing, and voice must all be considered. Enun- ciation must be clear and speech free from accent. This last-named qualification practically bars foreign-born women from finding places in an operating room. The analysis made of a representative telephone office in a large city is typical of average nativity conditions. Of 70 operators in this exchange, 69 are reported as American born, the nationality of one is reported unknown. Of the 69, 47 are of American-born parents, 9 have one parent foreign born, and 13 are of foreign parentage. Not only are there preliminary requisites of training, but before an applicant can "run" a switchboard special training in that work is required. Recognizing these facts, practically all of the larger tele- phone companies now maintain special schools in which operators are trained for their work before being sent to the switchboards in a public exchange. While the opinions of different managers vary concerning the ages at which operators can best be trained, the limits are usually between fifteen and twenty-five years of age, a decided inclination toward the older group being shown for those who are designed for toll and long-distance operating. In most instances the applicants must be over five feet in height in order to be able to reach the required dis- tances on the switchboard. Both sight and hearing must be unim- paired, and voice of good quality. Neatness and general appearance are taken into account, and while the educational standard varies, 104 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. most operators will be found to have had at least a fifth-grade educa- tion, while some companies exact a full grammar-school education as a requisite part of an applicant's attainments. In all companies it is usual to make some test of the applicant's sight, hearing, and enunciation, and to ask about her general health. When the close proximity in which operators must sit at the switchboard is remem- bered, the necessity of more universal adoption of closer medical tests for applicants will be apparent. Even aside from all other considerations, the financial saving to the telephone companies in not having the expense of training physically unfit persons has its due weight. Once accepted, the applicant is sent to the school for a period, usually four weeks. She is there taught the methods of operating. Besides attending lectures, she spends some time at a dummy switch- board and is given practice in the actual handling of calls. These calls are made by the school instructors who at the same time super- vise the manner in which the student answers and completes the con- nection. Thus the student enters the exchange with some grasp of the methods of actual service. The advantage of preliminary training, whether given in the school or in the exchange itself, is threefold: To the student it means a more thorough training under less nervous strain than would be possible in the busy exchange ; to the telephone company it means an opportunity to weed out unsuitable students (which is indirectly an advantage to these students themselves in the saving of their time) and to secure more thoroughly instructed operators, thereby avoiding a large percentage of mistakes in the handling of calls; to the public it means service from a more com- petent operating force. In any discussion of conditions under which women work in a telephone exchange certain facts relative to the peculiar nature of the occupation must be borne in mind in order to appreciate the need of special comfort and hygienic conditions in their surroundings. In the sewing trades, for instance, a person handling a high-power machine must keep his eyes watching and his hands guiding, but his mind need think of but one process, which in time becomes semi- mechanical. In feeding a machine the same conditions prevail. A stenographer and typewriter comes nearer to the telephone operator in the varied use of her faculties. Here, however, the introduction of the "touch system" has greatly lessened her eye strain when doing typewriting, and as she becomes expert she watches her page less closely when taking dictation or while doing court reporting. In order to fulfill ideal requirements the operator must have her wits always alert, a quick eye, auditory nerves always ready to catch the words of the subscriber or supervisor, a steady hand, a pleasant and clear voice, and, first and last, ability to keep her temper un- CHAPTEK I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 105 ruffled, no matter what happens. Not only must she be alert while actively occupied in answering calls, but she must watch constantly even when she sees no signal to be answered lest one escape her notice. This is more readily appreciated when it is remembered that in the handling of the simplest form of connection, as above described, there are involved eleven processes on the usual type of common battery board. First, when attention is attracted by the pilot lamp (the general signal) the operator's eyes follow the lines of signals on the terminals on her position; (2) this located, she (3) puts the plug into the terminal, (4) opens her listening key, (5) asks for number desired, (6) locates that number on the multiple, (7) tests the jack to see that the line is not in use, (8) inserts her plug, (9) rings the called party. She then (10) must watch the signal lamps to see that the called party answers and that connection is established. As soon as the lamps relight she must be alert for this signal and (11) take down the cords at once. This is the simplest form of connection, and these processes — more complicated on the less direct forms of connection — are carried, on during the, entire working day, sometimes with such rapidity that over 350 connections are made in a busy hour. In fact, one exchange reported a record of 25 calls answered in 2 minutes and * 9 seconds, or an average of 5.16 seconds per call. While this speed is nowhere long maintained, or even aimed at as a constant standard, there is even at the dullest hour the need of watchfulness lest a signal go unnoticed. This constant alertness for possible signals in itself involves continuous strain. In the review of the methods of handling calls there is at once apparent the constant use of the eyes in finding numbers, in copying tickets on measured service and party-line calls, or in noting any lines "out of order" for the guidance of the maintenance department. The auditory nerves must be constantly active. The muscles of arms and hand are brought into constant play, this muscular action extending over the entire body when reaching for high numbers on the multiple; precision and a sense of touch are also involved, as the testing of a jack and the insertion of the plug require exactness. The voice must be kept clear and strong. The mind must be kept clear, to control at once each needed move, and the nerves must be steady. Colds and headache must be avoided, since they tend to at once deaden the special senses needed in giving satisfactory telephone operating. In order to keep the physical condition of the operator at a high standard, ventilation, heating, freedom from irritating effects of dust or draft must be striven for and light must be amply provided. These being the conditions, it can readily be seen that the health of the operator is vital in the work she does, and that light, heat, 106 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. ventilation, and general comfort all play their part in the quality of service rendered. That the companies themselves recognize these facts is shown by the following quotation from an article entitled "A profession for women workers," published by one of the larger telephone companies: "The telephone company recognizes the in- fluences which pleasant surroundings and comfortable and well- ventilated operating rooms have on the quality of work performed by the employees and that such environment attracts and keeps the better type. This in itself makes for better service and results in mutual benefit and satisfaction alike to the company, its employees, and its patrons." Another factor to be borne in mind is that it is the universal policy of telephone companies to employ the best type of women obtainable, and to do this they must keep up the standard of the surroundings in which their employees pass their time. For these reasons there will be found on the whole better conditions in the telephone exchange than in the average workroom or large office as regards lighting, heating, and ventilation. There are notable exceptions to this statement, chiefly in the case of exchanges that are in rented quarters, not built originally for the special purpose to which they have been put. However, in nearly every instance the light, natural and artificial, is sufficient. The daylight, in the operating room 'must not be too bright lest it make less noticeable the glowing of the signal lamps on the switchboard. In a number of exchanges there is resort to artificial light during the day. Artificial light is abundantly supplied in all but a few instances. Working day after day and month after month in a room depending almost entirely upon artificial light is, however, depressing, if not unhealthful. The usual method of lighting the board is to have a row of electric lights along the upper part of the switchboard, hooded so as to keep the light upon the board and out of the eyes of the operators. It is a growing custom in telephone ofiices to place the boards around the room in the form of a "U." The face of the boards is toward the center of the room with the chief operators' and monitors' desks placed in the center. The windows are across the open end of the "U." Windows are also placed back of the boards; but in a number of instances these are not high enough to let in light and air above the board. One office has high windows with sashes which open inward from the top, thus cutting off direct draft. These sashes are painted green, which softens the light considerably. Lack of sufficient ventilation seems to be one of the greatest faults to be found with telephone operating rooms. When boards are placed in the "U" shape described above the fresh air is largely cut off because the height of the switchboards makes a most effective CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. lOY screen. Wlieii the boards are placed in a diametrically opposite formation, facing outward, so that operators sit with their backs to the windows there is constant complaint of drafts, and windows are kept closed when the general atmosphere of the room demands changing, so that often, despite the presence of fans and ample window space, the room is found to be close. This lack of ventilation is the more serious as the operators are seated closely side by side, two feet of board being the usual space allotted to a person. All possible care is therefore needed to keep the air pure and clean in order to counter- act the possible effects of this crowded condition. Some of the larger exchanges have systems of ventilation, forced drafts, etc., that keep the air changed, but in many instances, espe- cially in medium-sized exchanges, windows and fans are rehed upon. On rainy days the windows are often closed to keep the dampness from affecting the cords, although proper protective covering of cords would obviate the necessity of this. It must also be borne in mind that the room is in constant use,' every hour out of the 24, every day in the year, week day and holiday alike. This means that there is never any considerable period of time when the room can be flooded with fresh air and all doors and windows opened without thought of cold or draft. Were the installation of a simple ventilating system a matter of great expense, the lack of it in many places could be reasonably accounted for, but when there are systems which are both inexpensive and in a large degree effective, one is at a loss to account for the poor ventilation. The greater proportion of operators are seated during working hours, and special adjustable chairs are provided for their use. The super- vising force is almost constantly standing or walking. In many exchanges rubber or cork composition carpets are laid back of the line of operators' chairs in order to make walking easier, but in a number of instances there is no covering over the wooden flooring. In some cases when operating rooms were above even the second or third floor there were no elevators in the building, and in many cases elevators did not run at such times as they were needed by the operators. An apparently unnecessary amount of climbing stairs was found to exist. In most of the telephone offices the toilets and wash-room facilities are ample, the plumbing modern, the walls and floors of tile or marble, towels and soap provided, and the rooms kept in excellent state of cleanliness. In two cities several of the larger exchanges are also provided with bath tubs, which ate most valuable during the heat of summer, and especially to the night force. A number of the larger telephone companies provide comfortably furnished lunch tooms and serve tea and coffee for their operators. In at least two cities a lunch of meat, fruit, bread, and butter is added. 108 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. without expense to the employees, while in several cities a lunch is sold at or below cost of the food. In a number of cities the matron in charge cooks free of expense any simple food brought by the oper- ators, or orders may be left with the matron and food brought in from near-by restaurants. Some cities make ample provision in their larger exchanges, but in the outlying districts, where most of the operators live near their place of work, make no provision or supply no more than a table and gas stove. In a number of instances, notably in the exchanges of a company operating in several cities, an insufficient monthly allowance of coffee and tea is made. Night operators are more in need of hot food, or at least coffee, than are the day operators. That this provision is not made was seen in a number of exchanges visited. Even where no food is supplied night operators, there should be a stove and cooking utensils provided, although the force may consist of but one or two women. It is diffi- cult enough to make a cold lunch suffice in the daytime; at night the stimulus supplied by warm food is almost imperative. The necessity for a place of rest during relief periods is universally recognized. All exchanges visited reserve some space where oper- ators may spend relief and rest periods. In some instances these are only combination rest and lunch rooms. In all exchanges of any size, separate lockers are provided, each locker being assigned to two operators. The tendency is to put in openwork metal lockers which can be kept clean and well aired. Insufficient locker room is not uncommon, there being many places where three operators are obliged to share one locker and other places where part of the force are obliged to leave wraps on the tables or on nails on rest-room walls. In larger exchanges where night operators are granted some time during the night for sleeping, the provisions vary. In some places wicker couches are supplied. Some companies allow blankets and pillows also. One company, operating in several cities, has separate bedrooms, with iron beds arid complete bedding. The value of this is, however, abated by the fact that there are not enough beds. Two operators are often obliged to share a bed, and one relay after the other occupies the sariie bed, using the same sheets, pillow cases, etc. Where some operators are scrupulously careful, and others are decidedly care- less, the dangers of infection far overbalance the comfort derived from this arrangement. The most general source of danger of infection lies in the telephone receiver. Except where the receiver is suspended from the board itself (usual in toll offices) each operator is assigned her own "set" of receiver and transmitter, which she keeps in her locker or in a separate pigeonhole. Some of the companies are most careful in the regular disinfection of these "sets." CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 109 It is to be regretted that more complete data were not secured rela- tive to the systematic disinfection of operating sets, and that these data were not also secured from the companies to ascertain their rules. Transmitters and receivers serve as media of infection, especially in relation to tuberculosis. Although in many cases transmitters and receivers are carefully disinfected, this rule is far from universal. Where transmitters are suspended from the switchboard to be used by any operator, the danger is increased a hundredfold. Where there are no fixed transmitters and operators are supposed to keep their own "sets," there is more or less interchange of apparatus. This is due to the carelessness of some operators who go to the wrong pigeonhole or borrow a "set" from the bag of a locker mate. In either of these cases the rightful owner of the "set" may be on an- other shift and never learn that her apparatus has been used by some one else. Often, through thoughtlessness, an operator finding her "set" gone uses that of another person. In making provision for the comfort of operators a number of tele- phone companies have gone beyond the establishment of lunch rooms, rest, and locker rooms. In one large city, for instance, wherever prop- erty lines permit, the land adjacent to the exchange is made into a garden for the use of the operators. A number of the employees enjoy cultivating their own flower or vegetable beds, while others use the swings and garden chairs. In several metropolitan exchanges, the roof has been fitted with awnings and utilized as a summer rest room. Where this has been done it has provided most comfortable places of rest for employees, at very slight expense to the company. For a number of years various companies have supplied current magazines for their rest rooms, and operators have started libraries. In one instance, half the expense of all books purchased is borne by the company. In one city the telephone company facilitates the use of the public library by the operators in its large metropolitan exchanges. This company acts as guarantor for its operating force and sends its wagon to exchange books daily. It furthermore employs a trained hbrary supervisor, who assists the operators in their choice of books. This supervisor edits also a monthly magazine for circulation among the operating force. This publication contains technical articles in popular form, matters of local interest, and a series of "health talks" by the company's physician. A number of telephone companies publish monthly journals for distribution throughout their various departments. In two cities some means of indoor exercise are provided, the one games, the other punching bags. In one city a piano has been placed in the large rest room and during recreation periods the operators are per- mitted to dance. As most of the operating force is seated the greater 110 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. part of the day, recreation which involves standing and not too vio- lent motion stimulates circulation and is in itself a rest as well as a pleasure. In two cities occasional theatrical performances or other entertainments are given. The operating force are the guests and also provide a large proportion of the entertainers. One exchange con- tains its own theater. In one city the operators have formed a sing- ing club. In several cities the operators have formed social clubs, sometimes in connection with the libraries, and the small dues are used for the purchase of books, flowers for members of the force who are ill, and an occasional outing for a day in the country or for a theater party. A very successful branch of a stamp savings society in one exchange has aided operators in saving up the means for needed summer vaca- tions or starting small savings accounts. A unique and practical pro- vision in a large exchange is a series of steam clothes driers, where on stormy days, operators who arrive at the exchange in wet skirts, may have their clothes rapidly dried. That this provision must keep down the percentage of absences caused by colds and sore throats, is obvi- vious, but it is of course practicable only in an exchange employing a large number of persons. Evening and split-trick work introduce one factor into telephone work which is not properly recognized except by one company. This is the fact that a large number of young women, many of them under 18 years of age, are obliged to go home after nightfall. Overtime seems to be an integral part of the schedule of hours in a number of telephone companies. Operators not only are asked 'to take their turn in working extra hours, but in some companies a regu- lar extra period is assigned for certain days each week to each oper- ator. She is virtually compelled to do this extra work, lest by refus- ing she incur the displeasure of her chief operator or get the reputa- tion of shirking her share of work. This overtime varies in length from a few minutes to two and one-half hours, one company even posting a list apportioning two nights a week to each operator, on which nights she must be prepared to work over- time, if required. In one exchange operators report five days' suspen- sion for refusal to work overtime. Overtime is often most incon- venient, as in some companies it is demanded without previous notice and at times when it is practically impossible for an operator to remain at work. The rules requiring overtime need not necessarily involve hardship, conditions depending very much upon their admin- istration. Several companies have obviated real grievances by a system of calling for volunteers when necessity for overtime arises. A method of overtime work known as "working through" is in force in some cities, although this is never made compulsory. This means working on either split-trick or evening shift and then remain- CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. Ill ing on the night shift. In one company where the spht-trick hours are 11 a. m. to 2 p. m. and i p. m,. to 9 p. m. an operator "working through" would work from 11 a. m. to 2 p. m and again from 4 p. m. to 7 a. m., with 4J hours off during the night for lunch and sleep (a total of 13i hours). The next day the operator reports as usual. In one case a 15-year-old girl (who claims to be 16) reported "working through" four times in two weeks. A certain amount of Sunday work is required of all operators except the chief operators. Supervisors in some cities work a less number of Sundays per month than operators. Operators working in purely business sections work a less number of Sundays per month than operators in a residential district, as the bulk of Sunday and holiday work lies in the residential districts. Holiday work is also required. Operators are given either a cer- tain proportion of holidays free or a half day's work on each holiday. The number of recognized holidays varies from six to one, so that in no instance can an operator reckon on many special free days. A few companies grant Saturday half holiday during the summer, the operator getting a half day on alternate weeks. One company grants a half holiday each month for three consecutive months of good attendance, but, on the whole, holidays are the exception and not the rule. In some exchanges it is so difficult for operators to get a day off if they ask for it in advance that they perforce resort to the trick of "playing sick." In other exchanges operators know that if they ask in advance, their chief operator will do all in her power to obtain a substitute at their positions or allow them to furnish a suitable sub- stitute. Where the latter method is in vogue, a refusal to grant the extra day of leave is usually taken in good part by the operator who realizes that at least an effort has been made in her behalf and the re- sultant loyalty is most apparent. Nearly all the larger telephone companies grant one week vacation with pay to all operators who have completed a year of service. Some companies permit operators to take a second week at their own expense, with the assurance that their positions will be held for them. There is no regular provision for sick leave. Only in most excep- tional cases is sick leave with pay granted to an operator. There is considerable complaint on the part of operators concerning the difficulty of getting "relief" when ill. Some of them even stated I that when feeling slightly iU they would stay home and lose a whole day's work rather than go to the exchange and risk being refused permission to go home should their iMness grow more serious. These conditions- — curtailment of relief, compulsory overtime work, Sunday and holiday work — can not perhaps be done away with entirely, owing to the peculiar conditions of telephone work. That these 112 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. conditions could, to a large degree, be modified by the employment of a proportionate relief force is shown by the experience of exchanges where this is done. In these exchanges overtime comes but seldom, and then usually as a result of abnormal number of absences from the operating force or of an unexpected load of business on the wires. Such exceptional conditions are likely to happen in any exchange, and operators on these occasions are, as a rule, willing to give the extra time demanded of them. Thus at the time of a great fire (Iroquois Theater, Chicago), when hundreds of lives were lost, oper- ators actually refused to leave their posts when told to do so and had to be forced to take rest. Many of them did not go away from the exchange building for over twenty-four hours. Such events are, however, beside the question. The grievance is in this time schedule which, in addition to a definite number of hours of regular work, imposes also overtime at least one day a week (usually about 2^ hours) and also work on two Sundays out of the month. For the operator such a schedule signifies practically no time for recreation or for rest. In the normal 30-day month, on an 85-hour schedule, it means 248 hours work, a weekly rate of 57f hours, while a 9-hour day would give a weekly rate of 61 hours. (") Although a glance at the usual day's schedule gives the impression of a short working day in the telephone industry, the weekly total of hours is proof that the hours are not short. _ A week of 57f to 61 hours means longer hours than are demanded in department stores, ofiices, and even in most fac- tories. These conditions can be remedied, as is shown by the schedule of several important companies. A small force of extra rehef opera- tors would, to a large degree, minimize the curtailment of rehef periods and the amount of overtime required as well as somewhat reduce the amount of holiday work required. While there must always be Sunday and holiday work, at least two large companies have discovered that this need not mean seven days' work each week. They require their operating force to take one day's holiday during the week when. Sxmday service has been rendered. Some operators object to this enforced holiday, others prefer the occa- sional free week day. Whatever be the preferences of the operators, there can be no doubt that the general result must in the long run make for health. Many operators desire overtime because their financial needs are such that all extra earnings mean much to them, but where overtime is not paid at a higher rate it is only the exceptional woman who desires it; who does not specifically state that the "regular week's oin cases where operators "work through" twice a week (as elsewhere described) would bring the total up to 67. While this is not a regular thing, it is done with suf- ficient frequency to be worth noting. CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 113 work is all she can dor" It would seem, tHerefore, that unless driven by need, the workers themselves feel overtime to be too great a physical tax. In a city, for example, where overtime is not above the average the company reports that day operators are on the premises 10 hours with IJ hours out for lunch and relief, but on overtime they are on the premises 12J hours. Allowing ^ hour out for supper, their 8J hours actual work become lOJ hours. In the same city the split-time operators work 8^ or 8f hours per day, their free time being 2i, 3, or 4 hours between tricks, so that they have time to go home to dinner. But many of them have such hours that to all practical purposes they have lost both day and evening for their own use, and the same may be said of many evening operators who begin work at 11 a. m. and work until 8.30 or 9.30 p. m. The great objection to split time, which gives the usual working hours spread over an unusually long day, is that the feeling that work is not over and that one must go back for several hours more keeps the free hours between tricks from meaning the complete rest and relaxation that comes with the sense that the day's work is done. A glance at the table of hours will show that 12, 13, and even 14 hours a day are not unusual limits of split- time tricks; and while these may mean only 7 to 8f hours actual work, they also mean that a woman who leaves her home before six in the morning to work, does not fully lay off that burden of work until after eight at night, and in many instances lives too far from her work to make going home between tricks advisable or restful. In the very large companies the new operators who are assigned to either evening or split-time work are reasonably sure of being advanced to regular day work within their first year, but in the smaller cities this is less true, and the plan adopted by one company of having all operators take one day a week on split time, not only insures having a goodly number of experienced operators at work during the peak of the load both a. m. and p. m., but also prevents split time being too great a burden. While some operators object to this and feel that the "new girls" should bear all the burden, there is a large proportion who say that doing split time once a week on a regular day gives them a chance to attend to business matters before the closing of shops and offices. 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 8 CHAPTER II. ANALYSIS or TABLES. 115 CHAPTER II. ANALYSIS OF TABLES. The tables which form the statistical part of this report are listed by titles as follows : Table I. — ^Employment and working conditions in specified telephone companies, as reported by officials of the companies: A. — Location and size of operating rooms and air space per person. B. — ^Time allowance for handling calls, plug connections per hour, length of over- time day and rate paid, minimum age of employees, and wages at begin- ning work. C. — Shifts required, companies providing night alarms and in which overtime work is optional, and holidays and vacations granted. D. — Rates charged for telephone service. E. — Distribution of operators, total original calls, and average calls per operator, during each hour of the day. Table II. — ^Working conditions in specified telephone companies, as reported by special agents. Table III. — Summary of employment and working conditions in telephone com- panies, as reported by employees: A. — Occupation, sex, length of employment in telephone service, and age of employees at entering service. B. — Lunch time, relief, and number of employees working overtime. C. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, health, care of operating set, and number of employees who live at home or board and who ride or walk to work. Table IV. — Summary, for all telephone companies, of employment and working con- ditions, as reported by employees: A. — Occupation, sex, length ot employment in telephone service, and age of employees at entering service. B. — Lunch time, relief, and number of employees working overtime. ' 0. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, health, care of operating set, and number of employees who live at home or board and who ride or walk to work. Table V. — Rates of wages and earnings of employees in certain telephone companies during a pay-roll period m 1908, as reported by officials of the companies: A. — Classified rates of wages, and hours of labor, by occupations. B. — Summary, for telephone systems, of classified rates of wages, and hours of labor, by occupations. C. — Number and per cent of employees whose earnings during their respective pay-roll period were less than, equal to, or greater than full-time earnings at specified rates. D. — Summary, for 'telephone systems, of number and per cent ot employees whose earnings during their respective pay-roll period were less than, equal to, or greater than fifll-time earnings at specified rates. E. — Number and per cent of operators, by classified wage groups. The summary for all companies of operators by classified wage groups, being a summary of Table V, E, has been used as a text table in the discussion of wages and will be found on page 97 of this report. A brief explanation of these various tables follows : Table I covers all of the essential details of employment and work- ing conditions, by companies and by cities and towns, as recorded by 117 118 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. officials of such companies, on the establishment schedule or B. L. 433, a copy of which is given in Appendix A, pages 325 to 327. Table I, A. This table deals with size of operating rooms, from which cubic contents is derived, expressed in cubic feet of air space. The table shows the maximum number of persons employed in such rooms and the cubic feet in room per person so employed. Assuming 500 cubic feet per person as the standard of reasonable requirements for working space, the facts developed in this table will be found suf- ficiently commented upon in the text. Table I, B, deals with the character of calls handled by the com- pany reporting, time allowed operators for handling calls, the number of calls per hour which an operator on an "A" board and an operator on a "B" board would be expected to handle to be considered effi- cient, the maximum length of overtime day, and the rate at which overtime is paid for as compared with regular time rates. The overtime day here must be understood to be the regular hours plus the overtime. That is, the hours shown in this table are not overtime horn's but the total hours for an employee on days when overtime is worked. If an operative's regular hours were 9 and she was required at times to work a maximima of 2 hours overtime, the maximum length of her overtime day as shown in this table would be 11 hours. The concluding columns in this table show the minimum age at which applicants for employment are accepted and the rate of. wages paid beginners. The essential conditions developed by this table have been considered in Chapter I. Table I, C. This table deals with required shifts of employment or tricks ; whether or not the company supplies night alarms, commonly known as "buzzers," for night operators; and whether or not the mat- ter of working overtime is optional with employees (24 companies reporting that it is optional, 27 reporting that with them it is not). The question of each company's practices as to holidays and vacations is brought out by this table, as is also the payment or nonpayment of applicants while in training or learning the business. Here we find that 42 companies pay operatives while learning, while 10 companies do not. Some explanation is perhaps necessary to a proper understanding of the use and purpose of night alarms as brought out in this table. It frequently happens that during certain horn's of the night the calls are so few that it becomes very tiresome and entirely unnecessary for the night operators to sit at their positions at the switchboard. Some companies provide an arrangement which acts in the night as the "pilot lamp" does in the day, i. e., it notifies the operator that there is a call. These alarms or buzzers may be placed at the head of a couch or in the rest room, and so enable the night force to be as com- fortable as possible and yet not neglect their duties. CHAPTEK II. ^ANALYSIS OP TABLES. 119 Table I, D. This table deals with the rates the public pays for va- rious forms of telephone service by the several companies in the cities named. An explanation of the various kinds of service is given in Chapter I, pages 97 and 98. Table I, E. This table deals with the distribution of operators in exchanges by hours of the day, the number of original calls by hours, and by derivation the average number of calls per operator at given hours. The significance of this table is fully discussed in Chapter I, pages 24 to 38. Table II. The source of the data presented in this table is the agents' personal observation schedule, a copy of which is presented in Appendix A, page 329. These schedules were filled for such exchanges as the special agents of the bureau were able to visit. The table covers the general working conditions as seen by the agents and deals with the floor on which operating rooms are located, use of ele- vators by employees, provisions as to stairways and fire escapes, suf- ficiency or insufficiency of light by day and by night, ventilation, pro- visions for lunch rooms, and the question of toilet facilities for women employees. Table III. The data for this table are derived from the individual schedule, B. L. 430, reproduced in Appendix A, pages 330 to 332. These schedules were secured from employees (mostly from switch- board operators) of the various companies in various cities, by means of personal interviews by special agents of the bureau. Employees to the number of 427 were so interviewed, and this table is a summary of employment and working conditions in the telephone industry as reported by these employees to the special agents. Table III, A. This table summarizes for all cities the data on indi- vidual schedules covering the matter of occupation, sex, years of employment in telephone service, and age of employees at entering such service. Table III, B. This table continues the information covered by the individual schedules, and deals by occupation with the lunch period of employees, relief or rest periods, and the curtailment of these at times. The subject of overtime and its desirability from the view- point of the employee interviewed is given in the final columns. Table III, C. This table further continues the summary of infor- mation from the individual schedules, and deals with the maximum length of overtime day as reported by employees; the number of employees interviewed who, in practice, have been given any choice as to the exchange at which they should work; those whose health has been injuriously affected and those who have found their employ- ment beneficial; the number who have operating sets for individual use and the number having' such disinfected regularly and at will; and the number who board and who live at home, together with those who walk to their work and those who ride. 120 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table IV. This table presents the same data shown in Table III, but further summarized to condense the information from all em- ployees interviewed on the points covered, without relation to the companies by whom they were employed. Table V. This table deals with the monthly rates of wages of employees of telephone companies named, as reported by officials of the companies. ' Its source is the pay-roll cards, B. L. 436, as shown in Appendix A, page 330. There were received sufficiently complete for tabulation 39,586 such pay-roll cards. Table V, A. This table deals with rates of wages by classified rates, showing occupations, hours per regular full day, total number in each occupation, and distribution by sex and classffied rates of wages. This table gives information for each city, and the cities are grouped according to telephone syst.ems, as Bell system, etc. It is the detail table for rates of wages, and gives by localities all the infor- mation derivable from the pay-roll cards. Table V, B. This table is a summary, by telephone systems or groups of companies, of the information detailed in the preceding table; that is, it gives by general groups, but not by localities or specific companies, the classffied rates of monthly wages and the hours of labor, by occupations. Table V, C. This table deals with the number and per cent of employees whose earnings during their respective pay-roll period were less than, equal to, or greater than the full-time earniags at the rate at which they were employed. These data are given by com- panies and by cities. It should be borne in mind that employees whose pay-roll cards showed the earnings during the pay period to be less than the rate at full time may have been new employees who began their services after the opening of the pay-roll period, and hence this is not an accurate index to loss of time whether from sick- ness or fault of employees or from lack of work. On the other hand, an excess of rate may mean Sunday and holiday work as well as overtime, and hence can not be taken as a reliable measure of either. Table V, D. This table summarizes the foregoing, by telephone systems, regardless of localities or individual companies. Table V, E. This table deals with switchboard operators only and shows the number working for each company in each city by classified monthly wage-rate groups, and the percentage that the number in each wage-rate group bears to the total number of opera- tors in that city or group of towns. By comparing the last column of Table I, B, which shows by cities the rate paid operators at begin- ning of service with the corresponding wage-rate grouping in this table, the reader will be enabled to note with approximate accuracy the number and per cent of operators in any locality who are prac- tically beginners. The summary of this table is given in Chapter Ij page 97. CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 121 Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES. A.— LOCATION AND SIZE OF OPERATING ROOKS AND AIR SPACE PER PERSON. BEH TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Company and exchange. Operating rooms. Floor on which lo- cated. Dimensions, in feet. Length. Width, Height. Cubic con- tents in cubic feet. Maxi- mum num- ber of per- sons in room. Cubic feet in room per person. Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri: St. Louis, Mo. : Main Forest Olive Lindell Grand Sidney Tyler Bridge Bomont South Benton St. Louis— Toll Klrkwood, Mo "Webster Groves, Mo St. Charles, Mo Clayton, Mo De Soto, Mo Farmington, Mo Poplar Bluff, Mo Troy, Mo « Washington, Mo WentzviUe, Mo Ferguson, Mo East St. Louis, 111.: East J Belleville, 111 Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Pa. : Market Chestnut Hill Kensington Walnut Locust Tioga Spruce Preston Woodland — Belmont German town Toll Central Office Manayunk T „™j,«,/i f"A" board Lombard \"B"board Frankford Filbert Oak Lane ". Poplar 6th.. 2d.. /5th.. \3d.. 2d.. 1st.. 1st.. 1st.. 2d.. 2d.. 1st. ( 1st. 2d.. 2d.. 1st. 2d.. 2d.. 2d.. 2d.. 1st. 1st. 1st. 3d.. (a) 2d.. 1st. 4th., 2d.. 2d.. 6th.. 6th.. 2d.. 8th.. /2d.. list.. 2d 1st.... 7th.... 1st.... 2d 4th.... 2d 6th.... 1st.... /2d .t4th.... a Not reported. 104 137 47A 28 6? 45 77 96A 20 68 17t' 21 36 24A 13." 16S ISA 26 20 20 23A 96A 37A 108A 28 67A 84 54A 91* 6i 33S 91-ft t}* 89 80A 34 100 100 36ft 84 23A 87 86iS' 30 44 23: 36A 3a' 13: 20 30A 17 19 18 13A 14A im 12A 10 16 16 18^ 36A 48 30^ 50A 48ft 31;" 53, 47; 20 32 46A 36A 63A 37- 37, 23ft 41." 1& 23 23ft 16, 16 14ft 11- 13ft 13ft lift 14ft 13ft 17 10^5, \^ 10 10 10 10ft mi 10 14 10 10 lOH 13,^ 12 23ft }b^ 13ft lift 11^ 11* 13 lift 15 14," IS 15ft lift lift 12ft It^ 11. 14ft 14 74, 958 65, 760 29,453 7,567 41,986 25,306 11,809 36,845 47,535 35,420 4,249 4,700 22, 934 2,975 3,990 8,100 3,213 1,983 2,933 2,276 3,640 3,200 3,200 4,810 47,536 21.600 78,224 16, 569 28,633 47, 565 29,848 38, 493 40,093 34,917 7,912 43,840 60, 588 49, 061 65, 048 9,580 43, 944 46, 769 12, 082 48,804 5,058 28,681 28,568 881.9 1,011.7 1,*2.7 945.9 1,104.9 1,265.3 694.6 2, 302. 8 2,796.2 2.083.5 708.2 940.0 509.6 595.0 670.0 2, 025. 1, 606. 5 991.5 1,466.5 1,138.0 3,640.0 3,200.0 3,200.0 2, 406. 2,796.2 2, 700. 2,235.0 1,841.0 773.9 679.5 678.4 938.9 786.1 1,058.1 1,318.7 1,992.7 1,683.0 1,291.1 1,275.5 1, 197. 5 799.0 1,062.9 1.098.4 887.3 722.6 1,434.1 621.0 123 124 TELEtHONB INVESTIGATION. Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— LOCATIOII' ASD SIZE OF OFEKATIIl'G ROOMS Am) AIB SPACE PER PERSON— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Company and exchange. Operating rooms. Floor on which lo- cated. Length. Dimensions^ in feet. Width, Height. Cubic con- tents in cubic feet. Maxi- mum num- ber of per- sons in room. Central District and Printing Telegraph Co.: Pittsburg, Pa. : Grant Oakdale Bradv Toll office McKeesport, Pa Central Union Telephone Co. : Indianapolis, Ind.* Main Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.: Baltimore, Md.: St. Paul Washington, D. C: Main Lincoln West North Columbia Chicago Telephone Co.: Chicago, 111.: Main Oakland Harrison Humboldt Central Toll Evanston, 111 Waukegan, 111 Aurora, 111 Cineirmati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co.: Cincinnati, Ohio: Canal Canal toll board North Citizens Telephone Co.: Covington, Ky.r South Cleveland Telephone Co.: Cleveland, Ohio: Main, local Main, suburban Colorado Telephone Co.: Denver, Cfolo. : Main Main, toll Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Louisville, Ky.: Main Nashville, Tenn.: Main New Orleans, La. : Main 7th.. ( 1st. 7th.. 2d... (.<•) Sth.. Sth.. I6th., 6th.. 2d... 2d... 4th.. 2d... /8th l7th j2d,main., \2d, annex. ;7th, main 7th,lst"L' 7th,2d"L' 2d I3d... 7th.. 1st.. 2d... 2d... 2d.. 6th.. 6th.. 4th.. 4th.. 2d.. 3d.. 4th. 85H ISA 27A 65ft 49 92 76 100 152 104 48 120ft 101ft 87 38 48 46 79 65 65 45ft 96ft 58,5 156 69 40ft 42 21 76ft 76 38A 120 120 100 93 47 12 17ft 30 23 29 21 30 41 30 27ft 40ft 35 77 41 58 28 28 30i« 33 41ft 33ft 38 i?^ 15i« 35 74ft 63 25A 39ft 39 18 14 10ft 12ft 12ft 12ft 14 14 12 12 13 13 nu 14ft 12H 16 15 13. 13: 10ft 10ft 11 11 15ft 15 12 15 18 1^ 56,533 1,896 6,091 33,253 18,375 29,624 30,856 25,200 57,600 81,016 40,560 15, 539 69,661 45,665 116, 126 19,404 46,652 ISA 8ft 15 ISA 12 53,933 55,328 5,833 40,940 32,040 37,500 41,129 35,328 202 125 160 64 242 98 23 11 18 28 101 36 33 53 72 o Not reported. CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 125 Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A..— LOCATION' AND SIZE OF OFEBATING ROOKS AND AIR SPACE PER PERSON— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued . Company and exchange. Operating rooms. Ploor on which lo- cated. Length. Dimensions, in leet. Width. Height. Cubic con- tents In cubic feet. Maxi- mum num- ber of per- sons in room. Cubic feet In room per Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co.; Kansas City, Mo.: Grand Main. Fairmount Armstrong, Mo Merriam, Kans Topeka, Kans Wellington, Kans. : Local ToU Nebraska Telephone Co. : Omaha, Nebr. : Douglas. New York Telephone Co. : New York, N.Y.: Cortland local Harlem Melrose local "79" street Flaza Columbus "38" street |,, Madison Square •!., Bryant Chelsea Tremont Westchester Kingsbrldge City Island Williamsbridge. . Momlngside Riverside Audubon Broad Franklin Worth A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. A" board. B" board. board. board. board. board. board. "B" board. "A" board. 'B" board. "A" board. 'B" board. "A" board. 'B" board. "A" board. ■'B" board. '&." board. 'B" board. 'A" board. 'B" board. 'A" board. 'B" board. 'A" board. 'B" board. 'A" board. 'B" board. 2d.. |4th. 5th. 5th. 1st., 2d.. 1st., 2d.. 3d. 9th. 9th. 3d.. 3d.. 3d.. 3d.. 3d.. 4th. 4th. 4th. 3d.. 3d.. 6th. 6th. 3d.. 4th. 3d.. 4th. 6th. 6th. 3d.. 3d.. 3d.. 3d.. 1st.. 1st.. 2d.. 2d.. 1st.. 1st., 4th. 4th. 3d.. 3d.. 3d.. 3d.. 6th. Sth. 7th. 7th. 2d.. 4th. 75 130 65 65 15 15^ 76 60 .27 100 100 90 90 82 95 85 85 80 80 79 79 80 70 84 84 31 31 51 51 11 11 29 29 98 98 95 95 97 92 92 92 92 70 28 18 18 18 9e T! 10 e 12 23A 58 68 34 34 35 22 37 37 48 48 35 35 48 35 82 82 27 27 13 13 26 26 7 7 21 21 45 45 42, 42A 25A 21 ,S, 40 40 36 33 13 11 11 11 9 10 7A 10 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 11 11 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 27, 300 25,740 12, 870 12, 870 1,283 1,938 1,001 17,860 14,000 7,660 61,520 81,200 81,200 39, 195 39, 195 40,180 29, 260 46, 102 46, 102 76, 140 75, 140 49, 920 49,920 36. 945 36. 946 49, 920 31,850 89, 544 89, 644 31,239 31, 239 3,627 3,627 10, 608 10, 608 693 693 6,699 6,699 49, 392 49, 392 46,800 46,800 52,488 52, 488 32, 156 25,714 47,840 47,840 43,066 30,030 27 46 12 25 4 (o) C) 16 3 2 1,011.1 669.6 1,072.5 514.8 320.8 (") \a) 1,116.3 4, 666. 7 3, 780. 183 887.4 78 1,005.0 71 1,096.7 89 780.2 102 904.0 120 1,262.3 136 734.1 125 676.1 100 817.7 98 1, 827. 4 39 1, 602. 6 1,209.0 6 3,536.0 ) 2 693.0 ) 6 2,233.0 ) 117 844.3 \ 163 574.2 ) 73 1,438.0 1 148 391.0 96 1,007.2 ■ 86 849.8 (( Not reported. 126 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— LOCATION AND SIZE OF OFERATIKG SOOMS AND AIR SPACE PER PERSOW— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Company and exchange. Orchard. New York Telephone Co. — Concluded. New Yorkj N. Y. — Concluded. J" A" board. •\"B" board. spr»s R"K: Stuyvesant f^;;^: G^-'-cy {:;^;;K: ■'A" board. 'B" board. John. i^-'- \"hlzi: Beekman. {"' •V'B" board. Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co.: Minneapolis, Minn.: Mam Toll office St. Paul, Minn.: Cedar Red Wing, Miim Anoka, Minn Fargo, N. Dak Sioux Falls, S. Dak Ozark Bell Telephone Co.: Springfield, Mo Aurora, Mo Republic, Mo Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Los Angeles, Cal.: Main .~ Portland, Oreg. : Main San Francisco, Cal.: Main (Douglas) Main (Kearny) Main (toll) Seattle, Wash.: Main Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co.: Salt Lake City, Utah: Main, front toll , Main, back toll Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Atlanta, Ga.: Main, local Main, long distance Ivy Birmingham, Ala.; Main Main Richmond, Va. : Richmond Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co.: Dallas, Tex.: Main Main Operating rooms. Floor on which lo- cated. Length. 3d.. 3d.. «h. 4th. 2d.. 2d.. 6th. 6th. 8th. 8th. 6th. 6th. 2d.. 4th. 3d. (") (a) 3d.. 2d.. 1st. 5th. . . 7th... 3d. .J. 3d.... 6th. 6th. 2d.. 6th. 3d. Dimensions, in feet. 2d.. 4th. 70 70 95 95 90 90 92 92 79 79 100 100 78 74 7Si lli 51J 25 16 7H8 35 58A 26 30 40 97 37 117 117 117 40 114A 117. 44. 103A Width. 137 69 75 72 38iS 62 62 77A 77A 36 36 40 40 66 66 58 68 65 43 42^ 15 15 37 37 19 38 38 38 50 50 27 25S 33-A 28 28 45 72 29A Cubic con- Height. t«jf cubic feet. 14 14 14 14 13 13 14 14 12 12 13 13 12 12A 50,960 60,960 102,743 102,743 42,120 42,120 51,520 61,520 63,088 63,088 75,400 75,400 60,840 38,980 lOA 14 24 10^ 10 14 10 12-ft 12A 15A 15A i2ir IF 31,416 34,635 52,118 3,938 2,400 26,147 9,450 20,227 4,992 2,700 38,304 20,720 50,246 9,842 62,244 62,244 62, 244 73,830 24,333 69,806 49,385 17,140 44,054 71,280 14,682 Maxi- mum mem- ber of per- sons In room: Cubic feet In room per person. 87 1,171.5 166 1,317.2 68 1,238.8 109 945.3 126 849.4 128 1,178.1 93 1,073.3 654.5 719.5 930.7 787.6 480.0 1,045.9 675.0 1,'011.4 1,664.0 2,700.0 941.8 546.2 820.2 1,111.5 715.4 1,778.4 802.6 2,027.8 1,396.1 931.8 476.1 1,468.6- 676.0 58 1,229.0 13 1,129.4 a Not reported. CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 127 Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OP THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— LOCATIOK AND SIZE OF OPERATIITa ROOMS AND AIR SPACE PER PERSON— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Operating rooms. Floor on which lo- cated. Dimensions, in feet. Maxi- mum num- ber of per- sons m room. Cubic feet Company and exchange. Length. Width. Height. Cubic con- tents in cubic feet. in room per person. Kansas City Home Telephone Co: Kansas City, Mo.: Main 3d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 5th 4th 2d 2d 2d 2d 3d 2d 7th 1st 91t% 50 50 60 60 33^ 88 117 94 77 77 77 90 16 70 80 40A ^.t 37A 22S 46 39 38 30 30 30 48 16 30 40 17 15 15 15 16 13 19 20 16 16 16 16 18 W 14 16 62,360 28,000 28,000 28.000 28,000 9,835 76,912 91,260 57, 152 36,960 36,960 36,960 77,760 (0.) 29,400 51,200 108 35 16 31 19 27 68 68 28 4 17 10 75 (n) 45 C) 577.3 East 800.0 Lenwood . . . . 1 750.0 903.2 West 1,473.7 364.3 Keystone Telephone Co. : Philadelphia, Pa.: Main 1,131.1 1,573.4 2, 041. 1 9,240.0 2,174.1 3, 696. Race Park North West Louisville Home Telephone Co.: Louisville, Ky.: Central 1,036.8 (») 653.3 Maryland Telephone Co.: Baltimore, Md.: Druid Hill C) AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Boston, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Kansas City, Mo Minneapolis, Minn New York, N. Y Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburg, Pa St. Louis, Mo 7th 1st. 4th 5th 1st. 7th 7th 6th 2d. 64 48 '^ 32,267 60 112 27 17,925 72 21A (") i^ 9,924 25 6 74A 33 14 34,535 48 67H 17ft 11 13,245 1 lOOA 2m 11 23,031 ■ 180 lOOA 21ft 11 23,768 112 20 11 24,640 129 40tt 14ft 74,775 60 63 46 14 40,672 36 58 30ft 13ft 23, 604 42 645.1 249.0 397.0 Ample. 719.5 470.5 1,246.3 1,127.0 662.0 o Not reported. 128 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I.- -EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECI OF THE COMPA B.— TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HANDLING CALLS, PLUG CONNECTIONS PER HOUR, LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES, AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORK. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Name of company. Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania Central District and Printing Telegraph Co. Central Union Telephone Co Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co Do Chicago Telephone Co Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co Citizens Telephone Co Cleveland Telephone Co Colorado Telepnone Co Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co. . . Do Do Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co Do Do Do Nebraska Telephone Co New England Telephone and Telegraph Co. New York Telephone Co Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co Do Do .'. Do Do Do Ozark Bell Telephone Co Do Do Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co Do Do Do Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co . Do Do Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co. . City. St. Louis, Mo , Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburg, Pa Indianapolis, Ind Baltimore, Md Washington, D. C . . . Chicago, III Cincinnati, Ohio Covington, Ky Cleveland, Ohio Denver, Colo Louisville, Ky Nashville, Tenn New Orleans, La Kansas City, Mo Armstrong, Mo Topeka, Kans Wellington, Kans Omaha, Nebr. Boston, Mass NewYork, N. Y Minneapolis, Minn. . . St. Paul, Minn Fargo, N. Dak Sioux Falls, S. Dak.. Red Wing, Minn Anoka, Minn Springfield, Mo Aurora, Mo Republic, Mo Los Angeles, Cal Portland, Oreg. San Francisco, Cal . . . Seattle, Wash , Salt Lake City, Utah Atlanta, Ga Birmingham, Ala Richmond, Va Dallas, Tex Kinds of calls bandied. Local. Yes. Yes YP.S. Yfts Ye-s. YftS yes. Yfts Yes. Yp.s Yp.s. Yfts Yes. Yes Yes. No. VftS. No Ye.s. Yp.s Ye.s. Vp.s Ye.s. Yfts Ye-s. Yfts Yes. Yp.s Ye.s. Yes Yes. Yes Yes. Yfts Ye.s. Yp.s Yp.s. Yfts Yfts. Yps Yes. YftS Yes. Yp-s Yes. No. Yfts. Vfts Yes. Yes Yes. Yes Yes. Yes Ye.s. Yes Yp.s. Yes Yps. YftS Yps. Yp.s Yps. YftS Yp.s. Yfts Yp.s. Vp.s Yes. Yes Yes. No. Yfts. YftS YP.S. Yes Yes. Yes a Number 101 method. 6 No regulation. « Two hours In excess of normal day. "i Seventy per cent of calls within 4 seconds, 30 per cent within 12 seconds. « Required to handle calls without delay. /Seventy per cent ol calls within 10 seconds, 30 per cent within 20 seconds. a Not reported. 1 Five seconds in "Lincoln" exchange. * Two seconds in "Lincoln " exchange. iThree seconds in "Main" and "Lincoln" exchanges. ' Three seconds In "Main" exchange. 1 Five hundred In "North" exchange. "• From 3 to 4 seconds In the exchanges at Waukegan, Bvanston, and Aurora. 1 In the toll exchange, 17 cents per hour; In all other Chicago exchanges, 16 cents per hour; In out of town exchanges, $20 per month. Pay 163 cents per hour for overtime. V Fourteen tickets straight ring-down operating. S Twelve for those whose usual hours are 10 per day, and 9 for those whose usual hours are 4i per day esclHslve of time allowed for lunch, '' " CHAPTER III. — GENEEAL TABLES, 129 FIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS NIES— Continued. B.— TIME ALLOWAITCE FOR KASOUXTQ CALLS, PLtTG COHNECTIOWS PER HOUR, LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORH. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Efficiency number of Time allowed Jor handling calls (seconds). plug connections Per Mini- per bour. Maxi- cent of regu- lar rate paid for over- time mum mum length age at Wages paid "A" board. "B" board. Toll board. 0? which at "A" "B" over- time appli- cants begin- ning Connec- Discon- Connec- Dis- con- Con- Dis- con- opera- tor. opera- Toll calls. day (hrs.). are accept- work. tion. nection. tion. nec- tlon. nec- tion. nec- tion. work. g 2 2 2 2 3 150 300 a 24 16 100 17 »20.00m. 4 5 3 3 10 5 60-150 200-400 30 12 100 16 .81 d. i 4 <>"} [f] ',"} % ('') m w 100 16 .80 d. m u (0 VI 360 m 13 100 16 20.00 m. 3 3 (») 4 ? 150 300 m 10 160 16 4.00W. »4 <3 IS 3 10 i5 150 M60 30 10 150 17 4.00W. "•4-5 (.0) "•4-5 (») (?) (?) (?) (?) (?) 11 100 16 (») 3.8 5 2.5 5 5.6 7.5 103 293 68 10.6 100 18 15.00 m. 3.S 5 2.6 5 5.6 7.5 103 293 68 10.5 100 18 16.00 m. 3.8 3.8 2 2 6 3.8 100 260 30 11.25 (») 18 20.00 m. 10 10 10 10 20 20 m m ^"1 (P) 10 200 16 26.00 m. S 6 2 4 15 15 225 400 (!) C) 17 12.00 m. S 6 2 4 15 15 225 400 (») <12 "• 17 16.00 m. S 6 2 4 15 15 225 400 (t) «13 >• 17 12.60 m. 4 3 2 (?) 2 ?) 212 300 m 11.6 100 16 15.00 m. 4 3 W (») (?) 212 (?) (? (?) 100 16 (?) 4 3 2 (?) 2 ?) 212 300 C) 12 100 16 17.50 m. 4 4 3 3 2 ?) 1) 212 m "■ ■(!>■)■"" (") (') (?) 11.6 100 125 16 16 17.60 m. ■ " ■ '(b ■"(V)"" 20.00 m. 4 3 3 17 ?) 180 300 (") 12 150 17 5.50W. 3.4 3.8 " (?) 3.3 2.7 210 400-460 50 (w) 100 16 5.00W. 8 (6) (h m 30 15 (6) (.<•) 111 (?) 16 20. 00 m, 8 (6) (b (b (b) 11 (!) 16 20. 00 m. ?J (6) ■"(""■)■" '"(■"■)" (b) W) "m" 11 100 16 (aa) (6) (S) C) (') (b) m (b) (b) (b) m m (b) 11 100 16 18.00 m. (6) (6) 11 100 16 /16.00 m. 4 (6) C) (b) 11 100 16 1 18.00 m. /15.00 m. 3 W (?) 2 212 (?) (b-\ (?) 12 100 16 \ 18. 00 m. 20.00 m. 4 3 2 212 8.5 (bb) 16 15.00 m. 5 3 (?) (?) 150 (?) 'S 16 20.00 m. 11 5 s" ■"s' (dd) (W) 150 ""m (ee) («) "iso' 16 1.00 d. 11 3 5 3 (dd) (dd) 150 200 12 150 16 1.00 d. 11 3 5 3 (id) (&J, 160 200 (ee) 12 150 16 1.00 d. U 3 5 3 (dd) (CM) 160 200 (ee) 12 150 16 l.OOd. 4 3.5 2 3 5 10 400 600 ffn 12 150 17 .12h. 4.5 3 1 1 4.5 1 117-285 300-500 12.5 160 16 /17.60 m. \ 20. 00 m. 17.50 m. 6 5 W (?) 12 5 ('') ('') C) 13.5 (??) 16 4.5 3 1 1 4.5 1 117-340 300-500 45 14.5 4*150 15 20.00 m. 10 («) 3 (?) 15 (?) 200 400 14 12 100 18 20.00 m. r Pay 10 cents per hour for overtime. « Fourteen tickets on ring-down operating. I Not including 2 hours allowed for dinner and'lunch. « Not including reliefs. 1 Fifteen good tickets, two-ticket method. » No limit. z Eleven hours and 20 minutes in the toll exchange. » Not reported except for the toll exchange where the rate for overtime is the same as that for the regular hours. ' Pay $1 per day for overtime, no For local, $18 per month; for toll operators, $20.00 per month. 16 Not paid for overtime. cc No overtime. dd Recording operator answer, 15 seconds. To complete recording, 30 seconds. « Ten tickets. // Measured by number of messages handled. CO Pay 15 cents per hour for overtime. AA Allowed lunch also, if overtime amounts to 2 hours or more. 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 9 130 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECI OF THE COMPA B TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HANDLING CALLS, PLUG CONNECTIONS PEE. HOTJB, LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES, AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORK— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. City. Kinds of calls bandied. Name of company. Local. Toll. Long dis- tance. Kansas City, Mo. . . .' Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. PMladelphia, Pa Yes. Louisville Home Telephone Co Louisville, Ky Yes. Yes. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. American Telephone and Telegraph Co Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Boston, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio. . Kansas City, Mo.. Minneapolis, Minn New York, N.Y.. Philadelphia, Pa. . Pittsburg, Pa St. Louis, Mo No.. No.. Yes. No.. No.. Yes. No.. No.. Yes. No.. No.. Yes. No.. No.. Yes. No. No.. Yes. No.. No.. Yes. No. No.. Yes. No.. No.. ¥es. a Not reported. b Pay 10 cents per hour for overtime. e Fifteen in exceptional cases, d Not applicable. CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 131 FIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS NIES— Continued. B.— TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HAirDLIirG CALLS, PLUG CON'N'ECTIOK'S PEK H0T7R, LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES. AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORK— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Time allowed for handling calls (seconds). Efficiency number of plug conrieotions per hour. Maxi- mum length of over- time day (hrs.). Per cent of reg- ular rate paid tor over- time work. Mini- mum age at which appli- cants are ac- cepted. "A" board. "B" board. Toll board. Wages paid at Degln- ning work. Connec- tion. Discon- nection. Connec- tion. Dis- con- nec- tion- Con- nec- tion. Dis- con- nec- tion. "A" operar tor. "B" opera- tor. Toll calls. 21. 4-24. 1 6 3 5 2.5 3.0 2.5 23.4-27.7 8 2.8 3.0 2.5 C") 3mln. 20.0 15.0 5.0 140-180 200 200 275 350 ,300 300 350 170 20 C) (a) 10.0 10.0 11.5 10.5 100 100 m 100 16 18 16 »16 J20.00m. .lOh. 12.00 m. .07h. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. ^i] {" m (d) \i] m CO « (<:) 11 (n 18 »25.00 M. w (d) (d) c) («) (c) w (') 11 (/) 16 25.00 M. m m w C) C) (d) (.') (') 11 if) 18 22.50 M. w m m w (d) (d) m w (') [:i 12 (1) 17 25.00 M. m w w (d) (d) (■=) (.') 14 ) Business, 880 per vear; residence,860 per year (") Business and residence, $55 to $100 for 600 to 2,000 calls per year. (6) Business and residence, 844 to $71 for 600 to 1,400 calls per year.(6) Business and residence, 836 to $63 for 600 to 1,400 calls per year.(6) Business and residence, 832 to $59 for 600 to 1,400 calls per year. (i>) Residence, $27 for 600 calls per year (!>) 5 cents per message Vary according to locality Business, 854 per year; residence, $24 per year. . Business, 342 per year; residence, $18 per year.. Residence, $24 per year Not reported Not reported 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. No limit No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 3 minutes. No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 3 minutes. o These rates apply only to subscribers for unlimited service to stations connected with an exchange in the same telephone zone. Five cents extra is charged for each message sent to some other zone in the city. i These rates include wall-set eciuipment. Desk-set equipment costs 86 in addition to the rates shown. CHAPTEK HI. — GBNEKAL TABLES, 137 Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OP THE COMPAN I ES— Continued . D BATES CHARGED FOB TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length of conversation allowed. Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.: Baltimore, Md. ; Flat rate, special line. Measured,special line. Measured, 2-party line. Measured, 4 - p a r t y line. Washington, D. C: Flat rate, special line. Measured, special line Measured, special line Measured, 2-party line. Measured , 4-p arty line. Automatic slot ma- chines. Pay stations Toll lines Longdistance "P. B.X." Chicago Telephone Co.: Chicago, 111.: (a) Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. MeasuredjSpecial line . Nickel _ special line. Nickel prepayment, 2-party line. Nickel prepayment, 2-party line. Nickel prepayment, 4-party line. Neighborhood ex- change, special line. Neighborhood ex- change, 2-party line. Neighborhood ex- change, 4rparty line. Toll line Kesidence, 848 per year Business and residence, S48 tor 600 calls per year; $9 for each additional 200 calls up to 1 ,400, and $6 for each additional 200 calls above 1,400. Calls in excess of the number con- tracted for are 5 cents each on all contracts up to 1,800 calls, and 4 cents each on all contracts of 2,000 and over. Business and residence, 830 per year for 30 calls per month; 5 cents for each additional call. Residence, 836 tor 600 calls per year; 5 cents for each addi- tional call. Residence, 848 per year > Residence, 839 for 600 calls per year, and 5 cents for each additional message. Business, $39 for 600 calls per year; $9 for each additional 200 calls up to 1,200; 86 for each additional 200 calls up to 2,400, and 86 for each additional 300 calls above 2,400. Calls in excess of the number contracted for are 5 cents each on all contracts up to 1,200, 4 cents each on all con- tracts from 1,200 to 2,700, and 3 cents each on all con- tracts of 2,700 or more. Business and residence, 82.50 per month for 30 calls per month; 5 cents for each additional message. Residence, 836 for 600 calls per year; 5 cents for each addi- tional message. 5 cents per message 5 cents per message, agent allowed 20 per cent of receipts. . Rates vary according to distance and connections Rates vary according to distance and connections Switchboard, 824 per year;- 2 "trunk" lines, 848 per year; 2 stations, 812 per year, and 86 per year for each addi- tional station; all mess^es, 2J cents each. Business, 8125 per year Residence, 872 per year, payable in quarterly installments of 818 each. Residence, $56 per year, payable in quarterly installments of 814 each. Business, 860 for 1,200 calls per year; for the next 2,400 calls, 3 cents each; for all calls m excess of 3,600, 2 cents each. Business and residence, 20 cents per day guaranteed, in- cluding 4 messages. Business and residence, 12| cents per day guaranteed, In- cluding 2^ messages. Residence, 10 cents per day guaranteed, including 2 mes- sages. Kesidence, 5 cents per day guaranteed, including 1 mes- sage. Busmess, 84 per month; residence, S3 per month Business, 83 per month; residence, 82 per month Business, 82 per month; residence, 81.50 per month 10 cents per message of 3 minutes, 5 cents for each addi- tional minute, to telephones within 15 mSes of city hall, or within 1 mile of city limits and within the State oi lUinois. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 3 minutes. 3 minutes. Not reported. No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 6 minutes. 5 minutes 5 minutes. 5 minutes, 3 minutes. a The rates shown apply to the city. In out-of-town exchanges dlfleient rates prevail. 138 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. D.— RATES CBAKGED FOE. TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. BEIL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length of conversation allowed. Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co. : Cincinnati, Ohio: M Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-part5' line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Measured, special line Guaranteed service, special line. Guaranteed service, 4-party line. Flat rate, joint use. . . Measured, joint use. . . Guaranteed, joint use. "P.B.X.,"flatrate.. "P. B. X." rate. Toll lines Citizens Telephone Co.: Covington, Ky.:(a) Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2- party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Measured, special line. Guaranteed service, special line. Guaranteed service, 4-party line. Flat rate, joint use. . . Measured, joint use. . Guaranteedjjoint use "F.B.X.", flat rate.. "P.B.X.", rate. Toll lines Long distance Cleveland Telephone Co.: Cleveland, Ohio: Flat rate, special line. Measured, special line Business, within 4 miles, $100 per year; residence, within 2 miles, S48 per year; beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, 160 per year. Residence, within 2 miles, $30. per year; beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, S42 per year. Residence, beyond 2 miles, and within 4 miles, $30 per year. Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents for each additional call. Business, $5 per month Business, $3 per month; residence, $1.50 per month Business, $25 per year Business, $12 per year; residence, $3 per year Business, $10 ^er year; residence, $3 per year Switchboard, including operator's set, $20 per year; each station, $20 per year; mileage, per mUe, $24 per year; each trunk line, $100 per year. Switchboard, including operator's set, $24 per year; each station $9 per year; commuted rate trunks, unlimited outward calls, $240 per year; message rate trunks, $30 per year; mileage, per mile, $24 per year; additional messages, 3 cents each. Not reported Business, within 4 miles, $100 .per year; residence, within 2 miles, S48 per year; beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, $60 per year. Residence, within 2 miles, 830 per year; beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, $42 per year. Residence, beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, $30 per year. Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents for each additional call. Business, $5 per month Business, $3 per month; residence, $1. 50 per month. Business, $25 per year Business, $12 per year; residence, $3 per year Business, $10 per year; residence, $3 per year Switchboard, mcluding operator's set, $20 per year; each station, $20 per year; mileage, per mile, $24 per year; each trunk line, $100 per year. Switchboard, including operator's set, 824 per year; each station, $9 per year; commuted rate trunks, unlimited outward calls, 8240 per year; message rate trunks, $30 per year; mileage, per mile, $24 per year; additional mes- sages, 3 cents each. Not reported Not reported Business, $84 per year; residence, $54 per year Business, $60 for 1,200 calls per year; 3 cents tor each addi- tional call. Business, 20 cents per day No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. No limit. 5 minutes. S minutes. 3 minutes. No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes; 5 minutes. 5 minutes. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 3 minutes. 3 minutes. No limit. No limit. Automatic slot ma- chines. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flatrate, 4-party line. Measured, 2-party line Automatic, 2-party line. Automatic, 4-party line. o The rates shown apply to the city. In out-of-town exchanges diflerent rates prevail. Residence, $42 per year Residence, $30 per year Business, $48 for 900 calls per year; 3 cents for each addi- tional call. Business, 15 cents per day Residence, S cents per day 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 139 Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length of conversation allowed. Colorado Telephone Co.: Denver, Cfolo.: Flat rate, special line. Measured, special line Automatic slot ma- chines. Flat rate, 2-party line. Measured, lO-party line. Toll line Long-distance line Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Louisville, Ky.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Automatic slot ma- chines. Toll line Nashville, Tenn.: Flat rate, special line. Measured, special line Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Automatic slot ma- chines. Toll lines New Orleans, La.: Flat rate, special line . Flat rate, 2-party line Flat rate, 4-party line. Flat rate, 6-party line. Measured, special line. Measured, special line. Toll lines Automatic slot ma- chines. Missouri and Kansas Tele- phone Co.: Kansas City, Mo.: Subscribers Joint users, unlim- ited service. Joint users, meas- ured service. Joint users, prepay- ment service. Armstrong, Mo.: Flat rate, special line. Rurallines Joint users, kind of service not reported. Topeka, Kans.: Subscribers Joint users, kind of service not reported. Wellington, Kans.: Subscribers Joint users, kind of service not reported. Residence, $4 per month Business, $3.50 to $4 per month; residence, $2 to S2.50 per month. Business, 15 cents per day guaranteed Business, 10 cents per day; residence, 7 cents per day Residence, 5 cents to 7 cents per day guaranteed Not reported Not reported Business, $90 per year; residence, $42 per year (n) Business, $54 per year; residence, $30 per year (<•) Business, $42 per year; residence, $24 per year (") 5 cents per message Not reported Business, $84 per year; residence, $36 per year (a) Business, $54peryear; residence, $30 per year (o) For all calls in excess of 60 per month, 2 cents each. Business, $48 per year; residence , $30 per year (") Business, $42 per year; residence, $21 per year (") 5 cents per message Not reported Business, $120 per year; residence, $48 per year (<•) Business, $72 per year; residence, $36 per year (o) Business, $48 per year; residence, $30 per year (") Business, $36 per year; residence, $24 per year (<■) Business, $60 per year; residence, $42 per year, (a) Forall calls in excess of 250 per quarter, 2 cents each. Business, $36 per year; residence, $24 per year, (o) and 2 cents each for messages sent. Not reported 5 cents per message Not reported. Business, $1.25 per month; residence, 50 cents per month. . Business, $1 per month; residence (hotel guest), 35 cents per month. Business, $1 per month $12 and $24 per year $3 to $12 per year Busioess, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; transposed listings, 15 cents per month. Not reported. Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; transposed listings, 15 cents per month. Not reported, "uslness, $1 i transposed listings, 15 cents per month, Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; ' lis ' " " No limit. No limit. No limit. Not reported. No limit. 3 minutes. 3 minutes. No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 3 minutes. No limit. Not reported. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 3 minutes. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. 3 minutes. 5 minutes. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. a A discount of SO cents per month allowed lor payments quarterly in advance. 140 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length of conversation allowed. Nebraska Telephone Com- pany: Omaha, Nebr.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Measured, special line. New England Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Boston, Mass. (Metropol- itan district) : Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Measured, special lines. Measured, 2-party line. Measured, 4-party line (coin-box service). Automatic slot ma- chines. Toll lines. Boston, Mass. (subur- ban district): Flat rate, special lines. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Measured, special lines. Measured, 2-party line. Measured, 4-party line (coin-box service). Automatic slot ma- chines. New York Telephone Co.: New York, N.Y.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Measured, special line Measured, 2-party line. Automatic slot ma- chines. Business, $72 per year; residence, J42 per year (o) Business, $54 per year; residence, $36 per year (<•) Business, 945 per year Not reported Business, $162 per year; residence, $116 per year. , Residence, $90 per year Business and residence, $60 for 600 calls per year, and S cents for each additional call; or $78 for 1,000 calls per year, and 3 cents for each additional call. Business and residence, $45 for 500 calls per year, and 5 cents for each additional call; or $50 for 600 calls per year, and 5 cents for each additional call; or $64 for 1,000 calls per year, and 3 cents for each additional call. Business, $3 per month; residence, $2.50 per month To Metropolitan and certain suburban exchanges, 5 cents per call; to other suburban exchanges, 10 cents per call. Not reported Business, $84 per year; residence, $54 per year. Business, $66 per year; residence, $42 per year. Residence, $30 per year Business or residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents for each additional call. Business or residence, $36 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents for each additional call. Business, $2.50 per month; residence, $2 per month No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 3 or 5 minutes 3 minutes. No limit. No Ihnlt. No Ihnlt. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. Five or 10 cents per call, depending upon the exchange 3 or 5 minutes, called. Business, $48 per year; residence, $36 per year (in the Bronx district only). Business, $36 per year; residence, $30 per year (in the Bronx district only). Five cents extra is charged for each message sent from one telephone district into an- other district, and 10 cents extra is charged for each mes- sage sent from one of these districts to an exchange In Manhattan south of 110th street. Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; $9 for each additional 200 calls up to 1,200; $12 for each addi- tional 300 calls up to 3,000; and $9 for each additional 300 calls up to 5,700. Calls in excess of the number con- tracted for are S cents each on all contracts up to 2,700 calls, and 4 cents each on all contracts of 3,000 calls or more. Business and residence, $42 for 600 calls per year; $9 for each additional 200 calls up to 1,200; and $9 for 300 addi- tional calls above 1,200. All calls In excess of the num- ber contracted for are 5 cents each. (>>) 5 cents for local calls and 10 cents for long-distance calls... . Not reported. Not reported. Not reported » A discount of (1 per month Is allowed for payment of bill on or before the 10th of the month. b These rates apply to business only In certain districts. CHAPTEB III. — GENEEAL TABLES. 141 Tabib I — EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. D.— RATES CHAKGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE-Contlnued. BELL TEIEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length of conversation allowed. New York Telephone Co.— Concluded. New York, N. Y.— Con- cluded. "P. B. X." Northwestern Telephone Ex- change Co.: Minneapolis, Minn.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, receiving line. Automatic slot, spe- cial line. Automatic slot, 2- party line. Private branch ex- change trunks, 2- way. Pay stations St. Paul, Minn.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Receiving line Automatic slot, spe- cial line. Automatic slot, 2- party line. Private branch ex- change trunks, 2- way. Fargo, N. Dak.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Private branch ex- change trunks, 2- way. Rural lines Fay stations Sioux Falls, S. Dak.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate , 2-party line. Flat rate, 3-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Rural lines Pay stations Red Wing, Minn.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 3-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Private branch ex- change trunks, 2- way. Rural lines; Northwestern Telephone Ex- change Co.: Anoka, Minn.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line . Flat rate, 4-party line. Rural lines Switchboard with operating telephone, 2 lines to central office, 2 telephone stations, and right to send 3,600 local messages in 1 year for J204 per year; additional lines, each S24 per year; additional stations, each $6 per year. Additional messages contracted for in advance in lots of 400 cost S3 per hundred messages. Excess messages, 4 cents ea£h. Business, $7.50 per month; residence, S3. 50 per month (o) Business, S4.50 per month; residence, S3 per month (a). . . Business, $2.50 per month (») Business, $7 per month guaranteed. . Business, 84 per month guaranteed. . Business, 86 per month guaranteed. . Not reported Business, 87.50 per month; residence, $3.60 per month (») Business, 84.50 per month; residence, S3 per month (o). . , Business, 82.50 per month (a) Business, 87 per month guaranteed Business, $4 per month guaranteed Business, S6 per mouth Business, 84 per month; residence, $3 per month (») Business, 83.50 per month; residence, 82.50 per month (a) Business, 83.50 per month Business, 85 per year (6) . Not reported Business, $3 per month; residence, 82.60 per month . . . Business, 82.60'per month; residence, S2 per month Business, 82 per month; residence, 81.67 per month Business, 81.50 per month; residence, 81.2S per month. Business, 83 per year (6) Not reported Business, 83 per month; residence, $2.60 per month Business, 82.50 per month; residence, $2 per month Business, 82 per month; residence, $1.67 per month Business, 81.50 per month; residence, 76 cents per month. Business, $3 per month Business, 83 per year (6) . Business, 82.50 per month; residence, $1.60 per month. . Business, 82 per month; residence, 81.25 per month Residence, $1 per month $3 per year (6) Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. a A discount of 50 cents per month allowed for payment of bill on or before the 15th of the month, t Rural subscribers own and maintain line. 142 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. D.— KATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length ol conversation allowed. Ozarlj; Bell Telephone Co.: Springfield, Mo.: Subscribers Joint users Aurora, Mo Republic, Mo.: Subscribers Joint users Pacific Telephone and Tele- graph Co.: Los Angeles, Cal. : Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line . Measured, special line. Measured, special line. Nickel - in - the - slot, special line. Nickel-in-the-slot, 2- party line. Toll lines Portland, Greg.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate,2-party line. Measured, special line. Measured, line. 2-party Nickel - in - the - slot, special line. Nlckel-in-the-slot, 2- party line. Toll lines 1 Francisco, Cal. : Flat rate, special line . Flat rate, 2-party line Flat rate, 4-party line Measured, special line. Measured, special line. Nickel - in - the - slot, special line. Nickel-in-the-slot, 2- party line. Nickel-in-the-slot, 4- party line. Toll lines Seattle, Wash.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Measured, special line Not reported. Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; transposed listings, 16 cents per month. Not reported. Not reported. Business, II per month; residence, 50 cents per month; transposed listings, 16 cents per month. Business, $5 per month; residence, $3 per month Business, $4 per month; residence, $2.26 per mouth Business, $5 per month for 100 messages; residence, $2 per month for 60 messages. All additional messages for busi- ness or residence are 2 cents each. Business, $4 per month for 60 messages, and 3 cents each for additional messages. Business, 3 messages per day guaranteed. All additional messages, 3 cents each. Business, 2 messages per day guaranteed. All additional messages, 4 cents each. Not reported Business, 38 per month; residence, 33 per month Business, $6 per month; residence, $2.25 per month Business, $4 per month for 80 calls per month, and 2i cents for each additional call; or $6 per month for 126 calls per month, and 2 cents for each additional call. Business, $3 per month for 60 calls per month, and 3 cents for each additional call; or $4 per month for 100 calls per month, and 2i cents for each additional call. Business, 3 calls per day guaranteed, and 2^ cents each for additional calls. Business, 2 calls per day guaranteed, and 2^ cents each for additional calls. Not reported Residence, J4 per month Residence, $3.50 per month Residence, $2.50 per month Business, $5 per month for 42 calls per month, and 5 cents each for additional calls; $9.15 per month for 125 calls per month, and 4 cents each for additional calls; $12.47 per month for 209 calls per month, and 3 cents each for addi- tional calls; $15 per month for 292 calls per month, and 2J cents each for additional calls; $17.48 per month for 600 calls per month, and 2 cents each for additional calls; $19.67 per month for 667 calls per month, and IJ cents each for additional calls. Residence, $3 per month for 40 calls per month, and 3 cents each for additional calls. Business, $5.60 per month for 60 messages per month, and 5 cents each for additional messages. Business, $4.50 per month for 60 messages per month, or 20 cents per day for 4 messages per day; residence, 10 cents per day for 2 messages. All additional messages are 5 cents each. Business, 10 cents per day for 2 messages per day, and 6 cents for each additional call; or 31 per month and 5 cents for each message sent. Residence, 5 cents per day guar- anteed, and 5 cents each for all messages in excess of 1 per day. Not reported Business, $6.60 per month; residence, 13 per month Business, $4.50 per month; residence, $2.50 per month Business, $4 per month for 100 calls per month, and 2 cents for each additional call; residence, $2 per month for 60 calls per month, and 2 cents for each additional call. Not reported Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. CHAPTEB III. — GENEEAL TABLES. 143 Table I EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMP AN lES— Continued. D.— BATES CHARGED FOB. TELEPHONE SEBVICE— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length oJ conversation allowed. Pacific Telephone and Tele- graph Co. — Concluded. Seattle, wash. — Concl'd. Measured, 2-party line. Nickel - in - the - slot, special line. Nickel - in - the - slot, 2-party line. Toll lines Rocky Mountain Bell Tele- phone Co.: Salt Lake City, Utah: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Measured, special line Measured, "P.B.X. Flatrate,"P.B.X.' Toll lines Long distance Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Atlanta, Ga. : Flat rate, special line. Measured, specialline Automatic slot ma- chines. Flat rate, 2-party ma- chines. Measured, 2-party machines. Long distance Birmingham, Ala. : Flat rate, special line. Measured, special line Automatic slot ma^ chines. ' Toll lines Richmond, Va. : Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, special line, joint user. Flat rate, 2-party line . Flat rate, unlimited, 2-party line. Measured Measured . "P. B. X.' Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co.: Dallas, Tex.: Flat rate, special line. Measured , special line Automatic slot ma- chines. Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 3-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Business, $3 per month lor 60 calls per month, and 3 cents for each additional call. Business, 3 calls per day guaranteed, and 2J cents for each additional call; residence, IJ calls per day guaranteed, and 2i cents for each additional call. Business, 2 calls per day guaranteed, and 3 cents for each additional call; residence, IJ calls per day guaranteed, and 3 cents for each additional call. Not reported Business, S78 per year; residence, $36 per year Business, $72 per year; residence, $30 per year Residence, $24 per year Business, $48 for 1,200 calls per year Five stations and 3,000 messages, $135 per year. Bach ad- ditional station, $6 per year. Messages in excess of 3,000 per year, 2 cents each. Trunk lines sold only in pairs at $144 per pair per year; $12 per station per year; minimum number of stations, 3. 6 cents to 25 cents, according to distance Vary according to distance Business, $66 per year; residence, $48 per year $36 per year, covering 100 calls per month, 3 centa for each additional call. 5 cents per message Business, $48 per year; residence, $36 per year Residence, $24 per year for 67 calls per month, 3 cents for each additional call. Pubhshed tariffs Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported (various) Business, $72 per year; residence, $36 per year (a) Business, $24 per year; residence, $12 per year (a) Business, $48 per year; residence, $24 per year (») Business, $48 per year (a) Business, $36 per year for 100 messages per month. For each additional message, 3 cents. C) Residence, $24 per year for 67 messages per month. For each additional message, 3 cents. (») Trunks, $108 per year; one way trunk, $54 per year; switch- board, $24 per year; ringing current, $6 per year; instru- ments, $12 per year. Business, $5 per month; residence, $2 per month. . . 5 cents per call 5 cents per call Business, $3.50 per month Business, $3 per month Business, $2 per month; residence, $1.50 per month. Not r^ported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. Not reported. 3 minutes. 1 minute. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. 3 minutes. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. No limit. No limit. No limit. 1 Rates apply within 2-mile radius. Beyond 2-mile radius, an additional charge of $30 per year per mile is made. 144 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— CoAtinued. D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COUPANIES. Company and kind of service. Rates charged. Length of conversation allowed. Kansas City Home Telephone Co.: Kansas City, Mo. : Flat rate Keystone Telephone Co. of Philadelphia: Philadelphia, Pa.:» Louisville Home Telephone Co: Louisville, Ky.: Flat rate, special line . Flat rate, 2-party line. Flat rate, 4-party line. Flat rate, ft-party line. Automatic slot ma^ chines. Toll calls Maryland Telephone Co.: Baltimore, Md.: Flat rate, special line. Flat rate, 2-party line. Measured service, special line. Measured service, 2-party line. Measured service, 4-party line. Excess calls Excess calls Excess calls Business, 160 per year; residence, 136 per year Not reported Business, 148 per year; residence, $24 and $30 per year $36 per year 1 mile beyond city limits $30 per year 1 mile beyond city limits $24 per year 1 mile beyond city limits 5 cents per call 5 cent^ and 15 cents per call Business, $72 per year; residence, $60 per year Business, $68 per year; residence, $48 per year 600 calls per year, $44; 700 calls per year, $48; 800 calls per year, $52; 1,000 calls per year, $68; 1,200 calls per year, $62. 600 calls per year, S35; 700 calls per year, $39; 800 calls per year $43; l,OOOcallsperyear,$49; l,200callsperyear,$53. 600 calls per year, $26; 700 calls per year, $30; 800 calls per year, $34; 1,000 calls per year, $40; l,200callsperyear,i44. On Contracts of less than 1,000 calls, 4 cents per call On contracts of 1 ,000 calls, 3 cents per call On contracts of 1,200 calls, 2 cents per call No limit. Not reported. No limit. No limit. No limit. No limit. 5 minutes. 5 minutes. No limit. Not reported. No limit. Not reported. Not reported. CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 145 Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OP THE COMPAN lES— Continued . B.— DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY. BEll TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Bell Telephone Co. of Bell Telephone Co. of Bell Telephone Co. Central District and Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, East St. of Pennsylvania, Printing Telegraph Mo. Louis, 111. Philadelphia, Pa. . Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Hour ending- Num- ber of Origi- nal Aver- age calls Num- ber of Origi- nal Aver- age calls Num- ber of Origi- nal Aver- calls Num- ber of Origi- nal Aver- c^ls tors. calls. per op- erator. tors. calls. per op- erator. tors. calls. per op- erator. tors. calls. per op- erator. la. m 21 209 10.0 1 23 23.0 5J 70 12.7 18 224 12.4 2a. m 21 161 7.7 1 41 41.0 5 57 11.4 18 100 5.6 3 a. m 21 97 4.6 1 34 34.0 6 23 4.6 18 123 6.8 4 a. m 21 88 4.2 1 19 19.0 H 36 6.5 18 106 5.9 5 a. m 21 123 5.9 1 29 29.0 6 53 8.8 18 133 7.4 6 a. m 21 350 16.7 1 57 57.0 5i 62 11.3 18 155 8.6 7 a. m 26 1,417 54.5 2 204 102.0 8 269 33.6 18 331 18.4 8 a. m 65 5,824 89.6 4 994 248.5 16 1,157 72.3 51 2,314 46.4 9 a. m 142 18,816 132.5 9 2,077 230.8 41+ 4,060 97.8 118 11,948 101.3 10 a. m 172 26,265 152.7 11 2,289 208.1 59i 6,668 112.1 161 21,329 132.6 11 a. m 165 24,645 148.8 11 2,112 192.0 mi 6,973 121.3 168 19, 166 121.3 12 m 148 22, 133 149.5 10 1,974 197.4 60 6,071 121.4 147 16,764 114.0 Ip. m 127 16,826 132.5 11 1,502 1,36. 5 43* 4,477 102.9 117 12,773 109.2 2 p. m 148 19,106 129.1 12 1,646 137.2 49 5,045 103.0 147 16,824 107.6 3 p. m 154 18,021 117.0 11 1,744 168.5 58 5,768 98.6 143 14,982 104.8 4p. m 150 17,812 118.7 11 1,622 147.6 50 4,876 96.6 142 15,092 106.3 Sp.m 149 19,767 132.7 10 1,778 177.8 49: 4,659 94.1 136 16, 598 114.7 6p. m 136 16,955 124.7 8 1,562 195.3 44 3,262 74.1 108 9,622 89.1 7p. m 106 10,453 98.6 7 1,134 162.0 35 2,172 62.1 87 5,693 65.4 Sp.m 112 12,411 110.8 7 923 131.9 m 2,754 68.0 83 6,505 78.4 9p. m 101 8,111 80.3 5i 661 120.2 364 1,920 52.6 75 4,037 53.8 10 p. m 511 2,261 43.9 4 193 48.3 23i 812 34.6 53 1,733 32.7 11 p. m m 976 42.4 1 105 105.0 12 365 30.4 20 1,017 50.9 12 p. m 22 459 20.9 1 57 57.0 8 182 22.8 18 481 26.7 Total. 243,186 114.6 22,780 161.0 61,791 86.4 176,050 93.1 Centn Prir Co., Pa. il Distri ting Tel McKe 3t and sgraph jsport. Centre pho apol il Union ae Co., I is, Ind. Tele- ndian- Chesa] torn Co., aeake an ac Tele Baltuno d Po- phone re,Md. Chesa] tom Co., D. C jeake and Po- ac Telephone Washington, Hour Aver- Aver- Aver- Aver- Num- ber of calls. age Num- ber of Origi- nal calls age calls Num- ber of Origi- nal calls Num- ber of Origi- age calls operar per opera- per opera- per operar per tors. opera- tors. opera- tors. opera- tors. operar tor. tor. tor. tor. 2 2 2 2 2 73 25 20 18 23 36.5 12.5 10.0 9.0 11.6 9 7 6 6 6 212 137 92 85 88 23.6 19.6 15.3 14.2 14.7 6 5 4 4 4 241 148 82 50 85 40.2 29.6 20.5 12.5 5 a. m 4 113 28.3 21.3 2 34 17.0 6 220 36.7 6 149 24.8 9 182 20.2 7 a. m 2 89 44.6 15 986 65.7 9 315 35.0 16 767 47.3 8 a. m 3 532 177.3 24 2,862 119.3 19 1,058 55.7 26 3,359 129.2 9 a. m 8 1,098 137.3 36 6,042 167.8 40 4,155 103.9 58 7,688 132.6 10 a. m 8 1,206 160.8 36 6,097 169.4 53 8,884 167.6 88 14,300 162.5 11 a. m 8 1,135 141.9 36 5,260 146.1 66 10,138 153.6 84 12, 687 161.0 12in 7 1,005 143.6 35 6,611 157.5 61 9,362 153.5 79 10, 136 128.3 Ip.m 6 875 145.8 34 5,486 161.4 57 7,836 137.5 78 9,964 127.7 2p. m 6 994 166.7 31 5,710 184.2 63 9,015 143.1 78 10,112 129.6 3p. m 6 1,073 178.8 30 4,175 139.2 62 8,637 139.3 78 10,075 129.2 4p. m 6 1,114 185.7 31 4,749 163.2 56 7,849 140.2 73 9,548 130.8 6 989 164.8 37 5,769 165.9 54 7,151 132.4 76 9,321 124.3 6p. m 6 1,042 173.7 40 4,915 122.9 49 6,145 125.4 71 7,617 107.3 7p. m 6 951 158.5 35 3,706 105.9 37 4,495 121.5 67 7,172 107.0 8p. m 6 977 162.8 34 3,222 94.8 32 3,666 114.2 68 7,569 111.3 9p.m 7 699 99.9 26 1,629 62.7 32 3,279 102.5 61 4,828 79.1 10 p. m 4 309 77.3 16 622 38.9 16 1,509 94.3 24 2,296 95.6 lip. m lap. m 2 167 83.5 10 716 71.6 13 1,027 79.0 2 106 53.0 9 354 39.3 9 585 65.0 Total. 14,554 131.1 67,074 132.6 95,317 124.6 129,828 120.4 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 10 146 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I — EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. E — DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. BEIL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Chicago Telephone Co., Chicago, 111. Chicago Telephone Co., Evanston, 111. Chicago Telephone Co., Aurora, III. Chicago Telephone Co., Waukegan, 111. Horn- ending— Num- ber of Operar tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per op- erator. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per op- erator. Num- ber of opera- tors. calls. Aver- age calls per op- erator. Num- ber of operar tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- cails per op- erator. 1 a. m 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m 11 a. m. 12m Ip. m 2p. m 3p. m 4p. m 5p.m 6p. m 7p. m 8p.m 9p. m 10 p. m lip. m 12 p. m 26 26 24 24 24 27 38 110 311 360 356 348 308 328 341 340 343 330 221 172 165 138 35 31 905 625 460 416 392 620 1,769 6,248 32,065 59,728 59, 644 56,306 46,408 50,571 53,082 62,643 58,133 40,983 17,733 13,844 9,648 4,394 2,509 1,442 34.8 25.0 19.2 17.3 16.3 23.0 46.6 56.8 103.1 165.9 167 3 161.8 160.7 164.2 155 7 154.5 169.5 124.2 80.2 80.5 58.6 31.8 71.7 46.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 9 17 18 17 16 13 12 14 13 13 14 14 14 13 9 3 2 31 1 2 6 8 213 1,067 3,067 3,049 2,194 1,669 1,288 1,695 1,668 1,642 1,676 1,738 1.502 1,969 995 250 87 33 15.5 .5 1.0 ""2.'6' 4.0 71.0 117.4 180.4 169.4 129.1 104.6 99.1 132.9 119.1 126.3 128.8 124.1 107.3 139.9 76.6 27.8 29.0 16.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 9 13 13 12 12 9 10 10 9 9 10 9 11 7 4 2 2 20 10 7 16 23 43 332 947 1,702 2,138 1,396 1,128 1,063 1,250 1,022 1,197 1,033 1,370 1,048 1,212 420 272 132 68 10.0 5.0 3.5 7.5 11.5 21.5 83.0 105.2 130.9 164. 5 . 116.3 94.0 118.1 125.0 102 2 133.0 114.8 137.0 116.4 110.2 60.0 68.0 66.0 34.0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 7 3 2 2 50 28 23 23 20 43 169 527 1,191 1,287 889 898 840 987 1,182 591 896 1,073 853 1,217 616 205 123 113 25.0 14.0 11.6 11.5 10.0 21.5 84.5 105.4 148.9 143.0 98 8 112.3 105 123.4 147.8 73.9 111.9 119.2 106.6 152.1 73.7 68.3 61.6 56.5 Total. 570,367 128.9 25,628 113.9 17,848 106.9 13,743 104.1 Cincinnati and Sub- urban Bell Tele- phone Co., Cincin- nati, Ohio. Citizens' Telephone Co., Covington, Ky. Cleveland Telephone Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Cumberland Tele- phone and Tele- graph Co., Louis- ville, Ky. Hour ending- Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- atorB. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. la. m 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m 11 a. m 12 m Ip. m 2p. m 3p. m 4p. m 5p. m 6p.m 7p. m 8p. m 9p. m 10 p. m lip. m 12 p. m 43 43 43 43 43 43 62 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 153 140 140 140 43 43 43 420 327 222 231 358 653 2,792 10, 746 22, 427 27, 180 24, 155 19,083 18,728 19, 903 19,162 18,810 18,003 17,006 11,812 12,379 7,602 3,284 1.608 1,043 9.8 7.6 5.2 5.4 8.3 15.2 45.0 64.7 135. 1 163.7 145.5 115.0 112.8 119.9 115.4 113.3 108.6 111.2 84.4 88.4 54.3 76.4 37.4 24.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 4 4 4 61 68 16 49 66 114 175 1,430 2,622 3,006 2,709 2,795 2,364 2,231 2,245 1,911 1,890 2,026 1,874 2,783 1,482 496 329 94 12.8 14.5 4.0 12.3 16.6 28.6 43.8 76.3 138.0 158.2 142.6 147.1 124.4 117.4 118.2 100.6 99.6 106.6 98.6 146.6 78.0 124.0 82.3 23.6 11 11 11 11 11 11 27 71 108 108 107 96 93 94 94 93 93 84 69 66 56 34 11 11 128 152 107 84 145 267 1,111 5,062 12,903 16,408 13,365 11,968 9,901 11,069 10, 649 10,847 11,536 8,068 5,636 5,988 3,005 1,056 496 249 11.6 13.8 9.7 7.6 13.2 23.4 41.1 71.3 119.5 151.9 124.9 124.6 106.6 117.8 112.2 116.6 124.0 96.0 96.6 90.7 63.7 31.1 46.1 22.6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 21 36 36 36 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 22 22 22 16 7 6 186 136 108 83 123 188 414 1,264 1,720 7,119 6,716 5,646 4,420 4,716 5,329 5,603 4,623 4,423 3,118 2,736 3,020 1,364 622 214 31.0 22.7 18.0 13.8 20.5 31.3 41.4 60.2 49.1 203.4 191.9 188.2 147.3 157.2 177.6 186.8 150.8 147.4 141.7 124.3 137.3 85.3 74.6 36.7 Total . . 257,934 96.2 32.815 107.2 140, 080 102.2 63,689 CHAPTER III. — GENEKAL TABLES. 147 Table I — EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPAN lES— Continued . B.— DISTKIBUTION OF OPEEATOKS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Hour ending — Cumberland Tele- phone and Tele- graph Co., Nash- ville, Tenn. Cumberland Tele- phone and Tele- graph Co., New Orleans, La. Missouri and Kan- sas Telephone Co., Kansas City, Mo. Missouri and Kan- sas Telephone Co., St. Joseph, Mo. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. 1 a. m 2 a. m 3 a. m 4a. m 6 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m 11 a. m 12 m Ip. m 2p. m 3p. m 4p. m 5p. m 6p. m 7 p. m 8p. m 9p. m 10 p. m lip. m 12 p. m 8 8 8 8 8 8 16 33 41 61 61 49 46 43 43 43 42 38 38 38 31 18 8 8 205 183 41 97 84 302 990 2,927 6,910 10, 813 8,966 8,684 8,305 7,358 8,558 7,645 8,643 7,403 5,239 5,321 3,286 1,386 730 366 25.6 22.9 5.r 12.1 10.5 37.8 61.9 88.7 168.6 212.0 175.8 177.2 180.5 171.1 199.0 177.8 205.8 194.8 137.8 140.0 106.0 77.0 91.3 45.8 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 31 63 63 63 63 62 62 61 61 61 53 53 53 26 13 11 11 505 327 253 255 246 335 611 2,024 7,573 12, 101 11, 394 9,396 7,004 6,516 10,239 9,627 8,677 6,937 4,676 4,817 3,096 1,412 869 600 45.9 29.7 23.0 23.2 22.4 30.5 47.0 66.3 120.2 192.1 180.9 149.1 113.0 105.1 167.9 157.8 140.6 130.9 88.2 90.9 123.8 108.6 79.0 84.5 16 14 13 13 17 37i • 66 70 70 68 60 61 61 62 62 67 m 66 51 40 m 16 433 307 267 270 268 431 1,264 4,301 10, 114 12, 376 11,364 10, 372 9,348 9,669 8,450 8,770 9,725 11, 132 9,301 10,421 7,042 2,340 1,139 653 28.9 21.9 19.8 20.8 19.9 26.4 74.4 114.7 180.6 176.8 162.2 162.5 165.8 168.6 138.6 141.6 156.9 166.1 151.2 157.9 138.1 58.5 69.0 40.8 3 3 3 3 3 4 8 14 24 26 26 26 24 24 23 22 24 22 21 18 16 13 5 5 89 68 42 33 39 81 731 2,677 3,274 6,420 6,146 4,637 4,076 4,334 4; 471 3,759 4,228 3,802 3,900 4,185 1,965 1,202 278 76 29.7 22.7 14.0 n.o 13.0 20.3 91.4 191.2 136.4 216.8 205.8 185.5 169.8 180.6 194.4 170.9 176.2 172.8 186.7 232.6 122.8 92.5 56.6 16.2 Total. 104, 442 152.6 109,389 123.2 139,737 136.9 58,513 Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., Springfield, Mo. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., Topeka, Kans. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., Lawrence, Kans. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., Leavenworth,Kans. Hour ending— Num- ber oJ opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per operas tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age per opera- tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per opera- tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per operar tor. 2 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m 11 a. m 12 m Ip. m 2p. m 3p. m 4p. m 5p. m 6p. m 7p. m 8p. m 9p. m 10 p. m 2 2 4 11 14 14 13 13 12 13 12 12 13 14 12 9 5 5 93 90 811 1,553 2,780 3.064 2,403 2.113 2:346 2, 620 2,067 1,948 2,197 2,648 1,867 1,687 754 418 46.6 45.0 202.8 141.1 198.6 218.9 184.8 102.6 195.5 193.8 171.4 162.3 169.0 182.0 166.6 187.4 150.8 83.6 1 2 2 6 7 8 8 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 48 89 267 668 998 1,196 1,036 1,013 860 1,082 961 889 860 1,175 880 869 665 325 48.0 • 44.6 133.5 111.3 142.6 149.5 129.4 144.7 122.9 136.3 136.9 127.0 122.9 167.9 126.7 124.1 94.2 65.0 1 1 4 4 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 7 7 6 7 3 11 17 197 595 1,244 1,166 1,010 853 931 1,091 882 655 723 1,083 1,054 1,196 608 185 11.0 17.0 49.3 148.8 207.3 166.4 168.3 142.2 186.2 181.8 147.0 131.0 120.5 164.7 160.6 199.3 86.9 61.7 1 1 2 5 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4 30 40 153 870 1,604 1,618 1,651 1,110 939 1,292 1,208 1,227 1,241 1,292 1,191 1,544 757 500 30.0 40.0 76.5 174.0 200.5 189.8 193.9 159.4 134.1 184.6 172.6 175.3 177.3 184.6 170.1 220.6 108.1 125.0 • Total. 31,248 173.6 13,770 126.3 13,500 146.2 18,073 168.9 148 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I — EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. K.— DISTKIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Missouri and Kansas Teleplione Co., Clianute, Kans. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., Sedalia, Mo. Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., Brookfield, Mo. Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr. ending— Num- ber of oper- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- c1§fs per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. °nT calls. Aver- age calls per oper- ator. Num- ber of oper- ators. Origi- nal calls. Aver- cX per oper- ator. 1 a. m 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 25 46J 55 52 SOi 46 .«i 48 48 49 501 42i 46 36i 19, 8 311 202 78 41 82 133 700 3,088 8,195 10,468 9,330 8.030 7,733 8,925 7,956 7,973 8,445 9,379 7,062 8.107 4,868 1.918 1,073 691 38.9 26.3 9.8 5.1 10.3 22.9 87.6 123.6 176.2 190.1 179.4 169.0 168.1 173.3 165.8 166.1 172.3 1.85.7 166.2 176.2 133.4 98.4 134 1 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m 11a. m 12 m...;... Ip. m 2p.m 3pt m 4p. m 5p .m 6p. m 7p. m 8p. m 9p. m 10 p. m 11 p. m 1 2 2 4 6 6 6 5 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 2 15 35 111 668 1,069 1,082 899 663 838 1,127 636 666 878 974 1,010 823 639 67 15.0 17.5 56.6 167.0 176.5 180.3 149.8 1.32.6 209.5 226.4 127.2 131.2 146.3 162.3 202.0 164.6 134.8 33.5 2 2 3 7 8 8 8 7 6 6 6 6 8 7 6 7 6 4 47 71 296 899 1,693 1,736 1,665 1,317 1,018 1,301 1,179 1,283 1,470 1,545 1,381 1,087 651 180 23.5 3.5.6 98.7 128.4 211.6 217.0 195.6 188.1 169.7 216.8 196.5 213.8 183.8 220.7 230.2' 155. 3 01.8 46.0 2 2 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 2 12 28 90 .591 1,008 824 794 496 495 600 426 503 622 893 1,065 900 570 89 6.0 14.0 45.0 118.2 168.0 137.3 132.3 124.0 123.8 12,5.0 106.3 125.8 103.7 148.8 177.5 150.0 142.6 44.5 12 p. m Total 12,080 152.9 18,619 174.0 9,905 125.4 114,828 155 5 New Yorlc Tele- plione Co., New Yor]£, N. Y. New York Tele- phone Co., Yonk- ers, N. Y. New York Tele- phone Co., Oreen- wich. Conn. Northwestern Tele- phone Exchange Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Hour ending— Num- ber of opera- tors. Oriei- nal calls. Aver- age calls per opera- Num- ber of opera^ tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- calls per opera- tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per opera- tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- calls per opera- 1 a. m 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9a. m 10 a. m 11 a. m 12m 1 p. m 2p. m 3p. m 4p. m 6p.m 6p. m 7 p. m 8p. m 9p.m lOp. m lip. m 12 p. m 13 13 12 10 12 14 23 30 49 95 121 116 118 114 114 109 109 87 60 42 41 30 22 17 68 66 24 9 18 29 180 1,096 3,738 12,472 16, 178 14,046 10,928 10,729 11,712 11,241 9,680 6,777 4,693 3,694 2,427 1,076 452 181 5.2 4.3 2.0 .9 1.6 2.1 7.8 36.5 76.3 131.3 126.4 121.1 92.6 94.0 102.7 103.1 88.8 77.9 78.2 85.6 59; 2 35.9 20.5 10.6 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 6 12 12 12 10 9 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 3 3 2 48 27 42 27 31 51 125 521 1,5GS 1,881 1,401 1,204 854 1,027 947 896 791 781 859 1,107 709 369 177 79 24.0 13.5 21.0 13.5 15.5 25.5 41.7 86.8 130.7 156.8 116.8 120.4 94.9 102.7 94.7 89.6 87.9 86.8 85.9 110.7 70.9 119.7 69.0 39.6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 23 245 507 591 521 375 293 324 318 336 351 268 284 235 163 57 19 9 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 5.0 23.0 ■81.7 72.4 84.4 74.4 75.0 73.3 64.8 63.6 67.0 70.2 67.0 56.8 47.0 30.6 19.0 19.0 9.0 3J 3 3 3 3 11 20 63J 65i 48 49 63 61i 48 5H 37J 37 35 f6* 6 175 126 93 116 100 98 440 1.981 8,652 11,631 10,343 9,648 8,416 8,322 7,628 6,657 7,256 7,276 4,608 5,006 3,145 2,243 917 492 60.0 42.0 31.0 38.7 33.3 28.0 80.0 99.1 159.9 195.5 173.8 172.0 175.3 169.8 142.0 127.3 161.1 141.3 122.9 136.3 89.9 78.7 61.1 82.0 Total. 120, 403 87.8 16,612 95.8 4.920 58.6 104, 965 143 3 CHAPTER ni. — GENEEAL TABLES. 149 Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES-Continued. E.— DISTEIBTTTION OF OPEKATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Northwestern Tele- phone Exchange Co., St. Paul, Minn. Northwestern Tele- phone Exchange Co., Fargo, N.Dak. Northwestern Tele- phone Exchange Co., Grand Forks, N. Dak. Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Hour ending— Num- ber of operar tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per opera- tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per opera- tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi. nal calls. Aver- calls per opera- tor. Num- ber of opera- tors. Origi- nal calls. Aver- age calls per opera- tor. I a. m 2a. m 3a. m 4 a. m 6 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m II a. m 12m 1 p. m 2p. m 3p. m 4p. m 5p.m 6p. m 7p. m 8p. m 9p.m lOp. m lip. m 12p. ra 2i li li 11 16 39 47 47 44i 39 43 43 42i 43 42 39 22| f 121 90 68 66 66 73 236 1,942 6,776 7,710 7,373 7,320 6,034 5,875 6,255 4,665 5,663 4,542 4,258 4,460 3,471 2,036 864 365 48.4 60.0 38.-7 43.3 44.0 48.7 78.3 121.4 173.7 164.0 156.9 164.5 154.7 136.6 145.5 109.8 131.7 108.1 109.2 115.8 100.6 90.6 90.9 91.3 2 2 li 2 2 3 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 f 93 43 33 28 63 133 140 544 1,244 1,476 1,637 1,338 1,087 1,546 1,404 1,332 1,447 1,465 1,404 1,437 876 441 272 107 46.5 21.5 22.0 18.7 31.6 66.6 70.0 181.3 207.3 210.9 219.6 191.1 155.3 220.9 200.6 190.3 206.7 209.3 200.6 205.3 146.0 88.2 108.8 53.6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 3 1 168 70 60 50 73 70 87 375 973 1,174 929 801 652 981 1,182 892 987 1,094 967 1,212 762 398 201 125 158.0 70.0 60.0 60.0 73.0 70.0 87.0 93.8 162.2 195.7 154.8 133.6 108.7 163.5 197.0 148.7 179.5 198.9 161.2 202.0 127.0 99.5 67.0 125.0 15i 41i 85 95 96 83 85 86 78 76 84i 93 87 87 63 29i 11 11 185 130 101 70 129 306 1,995 6,902 15,439 17,796 15,809 15,582 13,760 13,693 13,623 12, 350 15,068 15,199 15,696 15,187 7,411 2,324 1,170 501 16.8 11.8 9.2 6.4 11.7 27.8 128.7 166.3 181.6 187.3 164.7 187.7 161.9 161.1 173.4 162.5 178.3 163.4 180.4 174.6 117.6 78.8 106.4 45.5 Total. 80,317 132.3 19,490 170.2 14,273 148.7 200,326 157.5 Hour Pacific Telephone and Tele- graph Co., Portland, Oreg. Pacific Telephone and Tele- graph Co., San Francisco, Cal. Pacific Telephone and Tele- graph Co., Seattle, Wash. ending— Number of opera- tors. Original calls. Average calls per operator. Number of opera- tors. Original calls. Average calls per operator. Number of opera- tors. Original calls. Average calls per operator. 1 a. m 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m 11 a. m 12 m Ip.m 2p.m 3p.m 4p. m 5p. m 6p.m 7p.m 8p.m 9p.m 10 p. m llp.m 12 p.m.... 14 14 14 14 14 14 15i 50 76 76 80J 82 74 70i 75 77i 79 ?J 77 63J 61 19J 14 264 125 113 68 100 240 1,100 4,431 11,693 15,554 _ 14,974 14,075 13,061 13, 182 11,535 11,029 10,886 12,643 11,217 13,344 6,266 1,805 875 436 18.9 8.9 8.1 4.9 7.1 17.1 71.0 88.6 155.9 204.7 193.2 174.8 159.-3 178.1 163.6 147.1 140.5 160.0 152.6 173.3 98.7 36.4 44.9 31.1 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 29 82J 137 138 128 107 122 114 114 112 90i 74 75i 61§ 32 15 13 443 276 167 119 159 222 730 3,342 13,325 27,862 26,344 23,463 18,078 21,601 20,374 18,792 19, 112 14,404 10,039 14,414 8,594 2,322 1,206 693 34.1 21.2 12.8 9.2 12.2 17.1 66.2 115.2 161.6 203.3 190.9 182.5 168.2 176.3 177.9 164.1 170.6 159.2 135.7 190.9 139.7 72.6 80.4 53.3 10 10 10 10 10 10 12i 35i 64J 87J 82 77 79 78 78 80 81 65i 61 54i 26J 13 10 177 109 94 43 63 187 829 3,811 11,209 15,293 14,977 16,035 11,630 13,288 12,107 12, 453 16,254 12,840 10,046 9,502 5,875 2,070 905 343 17.7 10.9 9.4 4.3 6.3 18.7 66.3 107.4 173.8 172.8 171.2 183.4 148.8 167.1 154.2 158.6 190.7 158.5 163.4 155.8 107.8 78.1 69.6 34.3 Total 169,016 139. 1 246,061 159.9 168, 040 147.9 150 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table I — EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Concluded. E.— DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATOIIS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Concluded. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Hour Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Atlanta, Ga. Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Birming- ham, Ala. Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co., Dallas, Tex. ending— Number of operators. Original calls. Average calls per operator. Number of operators. Original calls. Average calls per operator. Number of operators. Original calls. Average calls per operator. 1 a. m 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m 11 a. m 12 m Ip. m 2p.m 3p. m 4p. m 5p. m 6p. m 7p. m 8p. m 9p. m 10 p. m Up. m 12 p. m.... 4 4 4 4 4 6 16 31 45 53 60 46 44 43 46 46 44 46 38 30 24 14 8 4 116 89 48 47 244 604 1,020 3,488 7,430 11, 549 10,081 6,391 7,340 7,790 7,055 8,369 8,260 8,093 8,364 7,142 3,210 1,388 201 194 29.0 22.3 12.0 11.8 61.0 100./ 68.0 112.6 166.1 217.9 201.6 142.0 166.8 181.2 153.4 181.7 187.7 176.9 220.1 238.1 133.8 99.1 25.1 48.6 3 3 3 3 3 4 t 19 22 22 21 22 23 23 21 21 23 21 15 14 9 4 3 63 23 44 43 59 227 371 1,343 3,868 5,109 3,969 3,662 3,616 3,466 3,606 3,563 3,509 3,895 3,219 -2,917 2,314 1,846 1,206 372 21.0 7.7 14.7 14.3 19.7 66.8 61.8 149.2 203.6 232.2 180.4 173.9 164.4 150.2 156.8 169.7 167.1 169.3 153.3 194.5 165.3 205.1 301.5 124.0 11 10 9 8 8 20J 78 69i 88 94 93§ 96 92i 93 91i 90 91 90 93 88 79 t\' 14 139 130 118 146 136 206 967 4,697 7,411 10^656 9,249 9,662 8,687 8,415 8,231 8,647 9,739 9,105 7,507 7,447 4,503 1,821 ,679 451 12.6 13.0 13.1 18.1 17.0 10.0 12.3 67.6 84.2 113.4 98.9 101.7 93.9 90.5 90.0 96.1 107.0 101.2 80.7 84.6 57.0 43.9 39.9 32.2 Total.. 108, 603 166.4 52,289 164.9 118,737 81.0 152 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table H — WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Company and exchange. Floor on which located. Are ele- vators pro- vided for use of em- ploy- ees? Stair- ways. Are fire es- capes pro- vid- ed? Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri: St. Louis, Mo.: Bomont 2d No.... No.... Yes... No.... Yes... Yes... No.... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... No.... No.... Yes... No.... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No.. No.. Yes. No.. Yes. Yes. Yes. No.. Yes. Yes. ^%. Yes. No.. No.. Lindell 3d Main ! 6th Missouri 3d Olive 3d and 5th 6th, 7th, and 8th. 2d and 4th 4th Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Pa.; Locust Lombard Main Toll 6th, 7th, and 8th. 7th Central District and Printing Telegraph Co.: Pittsburg, Pa.: Toll Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.: Baltimore, Md.: St. Paul 9th Tuxedo 3d Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.: Vvashington, B.C.: Cnlnmhifi.... 2d Main 6th North 4th Chicago Telephone Co.: Chicago, 111.: 1st 2d and 3d 7th Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... No.... Yes... No.... No.... No.... 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. No.. Yes. Harrison... . 8th . Toll 7th 3d Main 7th 3d... Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Louisville, Ky. : East.. . . . 2d .. Main 2d South . 1st Hemlock.. 2d No.... No.... No.... No.... No.... No.... No.... No.... No.... Yes... 1 1 1 <1 <1 1 1 1 2 1 No.. Yes. No.. Noi. No(. Yes. Yesi No.. Yes. Yes. 3d .. Walnut 2d Hemlock 2d . 2d Main 4th.. . . Toll 3d Missoiul and Kansas Telephone Co.: Kansas Citjr, Mo. : Argentine 2d 2d... 4th and 5th 1st New England Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Boston, Mass.: Back Bay 3d and 4th 2d... No.... No.... 2 2 Yesn Yes" Brookline 1st 9th.. Yes... No.... Yes... 4 1 4 Yesp Yes. Yesp 3d Toll .... 8th 1st Tremont a Used as rest room also. 6 Ltmch room used as rest room. « Not reported. <( Electric lights needed on board in parts of room. e If necessary may use toilet on floor below, which contains"12 / When neoessaiy toilet in other building may be used. a Rest room used as lunch room. h Used as lunch room also. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 153 COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY SPECIAL AGENTS. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Is light suffl- cient — Does company provide — Toilet facilitiea for women. Is Is air there of work suffi- la there room By By cient Lunch Rest Wash Num- ber of reason- able pri- Sanitary condi- Num- ber affected by toi- lets? day? night? lation? room? room? room? wo- vacy of of men. ap- proach? seats. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 50 Yes Good.... 3 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 30 Yes Good.... 5 No. No.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 150 Yes Good.... 8 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 25 Yes Good.... 4 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 150 Yes Good.... 8 No. No No.... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 50 Yes Good.... 9 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 69 Yes Good.... 14 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes(o).. m Yes 35 Yes Good.... 9 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes..... Yes..... Yes SO Yes Good.... 9 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 160 Yes Good.... 17 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 100 Yes Good.... 12 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 20 Yes Good.... 3 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 16 Yes Good.... 9 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 80 Yes Good.... 8 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 75 Yes Good 9 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 70 Yes Good.... 5 No. Yes.... Yes... No.... Yes Yes Yes 225 Yes Good.... 13 No. No(.. Yea(j).. P> 70 Yes Fair 4 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes 70 Yes Good.... 4 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... No Yea Yes 5 Yes....-- Good 1 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 22 Yes Good.... 4 No. Yes.... Yes... No(™) Yes Yes Yes 43 Yes Good:... 8 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 8 Yea Good.... 2 No. Yeso.. Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 80 Yea Good.... 4 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 22 Yes Good.... 3 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes No 50 Yes Good.... 2 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yea 120 Yes Good.... <4 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yea 105 Yes Good.... 6 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yea 250 Yes Good.... 12 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yea 55 Yes Good.... 3 No. i The stairway is on outside of building. i Used as waan room also. A Reat room used as wash room. I Only a ladder. m Good in room of "B"-board operators. II Fireproof iron stairway inside rear of building. Not sufficient in cloudy weather. V Two iron stairways witliin building and employees can escape from 6th floor to other buildings or from roof to other buildings. 154 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table II.— WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Company and exchange. Floor on which located. Are ele- vators pro- vided for use of em- ploy- ees J Stair- ways. Are fire es- capes pro- vid- ed? New York Telephone Co. : New York, N.Y.: Courtland 9th Yes... Yes... No.... No.... No.... Yes... No.... No.... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 No.. No.. No.. Yes. No.. Yes. No.. No.. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Courtland Toll 8th 4th MountVernon 4th Riverside 3d Spring 4th Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Atlanta, Ga. : Decatur 2cl 2d Main 3d Toll 3d Birmingham, Ala. : Main 2d Richmond, Va. : E. Grace St 3d Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co.; Dallas, Tex.: Clifl 1st Haskell 2d No.... Yes{;) 2 1 No.. Yes. Main 2d INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Kansas Citv Home Telephone Co. : Kansas City, Mo.: Main. . . . 3d No.... No.... Yes... Yes... No.... No.... Yes... 2 2 ! 1 1 1 1 No.. No.. Yes. Yes. No.. Yes. Yes. Toll 2d Kevstone Telephone Co.: Philadelphia, Pa.: Long distance 2d and 4th 5th Main West 2d Louisville Home Telephone Co.: Louisville, Ky.: Main 3d Maryland Telephone Co.: Baltimore, Md.: Courtland . . 7th.. Druid Hill 1st AMEKICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. American Telephone and Telegraph Co.: Chicago, 111 ... 1st 2 1 3 4 1 Yes. Yes. Yes. No.. Yes. 4th.. Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... New York, N. Y . . 7th Philadelphia, Pa 7th.. Pittsburg, Pa 8th St. Louis, Mo 1st. o Except in one part of room. 6 If necessary toilet in floor below may be used. c Used as rest room also. tf Lunch room used as rest room. e Operators go home to meals. /Small room used as cloak room and toilet room. jBut no sewer in building. CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 155 COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY SPECIAL AGENTS— Concluded. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Is light sufll- cient— Does company provide— Toilet facilities for women. Is there' Is air of work suffi- Is there room cient Num- reason- Sanitary condi- Num- affected By By venti- Lunch Rest Wash ber of able pri- ber by toi- lets? day? night? lation? room? room? room? wo- vacy of of men. ap- proach? seats. Yes (a) Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 150 Yes Good.... 610 No. No.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 80 Yes Good.... 610 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes(c).. Yes(c).. ffi Yes 12 Yes Good.... 1 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes 35 Yes Good 2 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes..:.. Yes..... Yes 98 Yea Good.... 7 No. Yes:... Yes.. Yes... Yes Yes Yes 100 Yes Good 14 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... No(e)... No Yes(/).. 3 Yes Good(i7). M No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 30 Yes Good.... 5 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 75 Yes Good 7 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 75 Yes Good.... 7 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 35 Yes Good.... 6 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 65 Yes Good.,.. no No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 12 Yes Good.... 1 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 60 Yes Good 7 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 75 Yes Good.... 5 No. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Yes.... Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 108 20 Yes Yes Good Good.... 5 3 No. No. Yes.... Yes.... Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes 18 60 17 Yes Yes Yes Good.... Good.... Good.... 3 8 4 No. No. No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 65 Yes Good 5 No. Yes.... Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes YesM.. Yes Yes No 60 9 Yes Yes Good.... Good 3 1 No. No. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Yes.... Yes... No.... Yes Yes Yes 75 Yes Fair 4 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... (*) Yes W-- Yes 40 Yes...'.. Fair 2 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes..... Yes..... Yes 100 Yes..... Good.... ™-10 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 95 Yes Good 14 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 160 Yes Good.... 17 No. Yes.... Yes... Yes... Yes Yes Yes 60 Yes Good.... 3 No. ft Use commode in toilet room. « If necessary may use toilet room provided for office force. j Are requested to walk when going downstairs. k Kest room, used as lunch room. I Used as lunch room also. m U necessary may use toilets on other floors. 156 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table III.— SUMMARY OP EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS A..— OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EHPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Sex. Total em- ploy- ees. Number of employees whose years of employment in telephone service were— Occupation (all cities). Un- der 1. 1 and under 2. 2 and under 3. 3 and under 4. 4 and under 6. 5 and under 7. 7 and under 10. 10 and over. r. F. F. F. M. 9 2 1 "i' 5 1 1 " "i' 1 (^IptVh, fivftning Totalclerks 11 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 Matrons, day 1 3 1 1 1 ■""i" 1 1 Total messengers 4 1 1 1 1 F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total monitors . * 2 1 1 Operators, day a 97 l-Sl d62 10 38 7 8 26 16 7 26 20 12 6 16 15 S 2 5 8 3 3 4 13 3 2 3 4 4 1 Operators, evening. Operators, split trick Total operators 267 63 75 54 27 18 21 8 1 4 1 7 1 3 1 1 Operators, chief, night 1 1 2 2 12 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 Total recorders - S 1 2 1 1 1 23 «8 2 5 1 6 1 Supervisors, day ■. 1 2 1 ■"'i' 7 3 3 2 1 1 4 1 Supervisors, evening Supervisors, split-trick 1 3 Total supervisors <38 1 1 3 1 10 10 7 S Supervisors, chief, day 1 1 1 3 /346 1 Ticket checkers, chie^ day 1 1 1 64 "'79' 1 63 '"'36 1 30 All occupations, females ...., 37 23 14 Total, all employees.... /349 65 79 64 36 31 37 23 14 " Including 2 who work day and split trick alternate weeks; also 1 who works day or evening trick, as required, and 1 whose age at entering service not reported. I> Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. c Not Including 1 who r/orks night trick pait of week ana evening trick part of week. CHAPTER III. — GENEEAL TABLES. 157 IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES. A.— OCCTTFATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EUPLOTUENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Number of employees whose age at entering telephone service was — 11 years and under. 12 years. 13 years. 14 years. 15 years. 16 years. 17 years. 18 years. 19 years. 20 years. 21 years and over. 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 8 3 *16 7 1 7 19 23 6 16 19 10 i 16 18 3 5 4 7 5 3 3 9 2 3 6 4 2 1 3 6 1 1 4 14 31 64 S5 42 19 17 18 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 8 6 8 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 4 18 36 80 66 1 56 30 22 29 3 3 4 18 36 80 66 1 56 30 22 29 d Not Including 2 who work spilt and day tricks on alternate weeks. « Including 1 whose age at entering service was not reported. / Including 2 whose age at entering service was not reported. 158 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table HI SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS A.— OCCXTPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SEBVICE, AND AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SEKVICE—Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Sex. Total em- ploy- ees. Number of employees whose years of employment in telephone service were— Occupation (all citiesj. Un- der 1. 1 and under 2. 2 and under 3. 3 and under 4. 4 and under 6. 5 and under 7. 7 and under 10. 10 and over. Operators, day F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F, F. F. 12 8 7 9 1 4 4 6 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 Operators, night 1 1 30 16 8 3 4 5 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 Supervisors, day 1 1 2 1 1 Total, all employees.. . 39 15 8 5 4 S 2 AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 'f. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. 2 11 9 2 6 2 1 3 Operators, day 2 ■3' 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 i 28 6 6 7 4 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 39 6 6 8 8 3 5 2 2 CHAPTER III. — GENEKAL TABLES. 159 IN. TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. A.— OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Number of employees whose age at entering telephone service was— 11 years and under. 12 years. 13 years. 14 years. 15 years. 16 y|!ars. 17 years. 18 years. 19 years. 20 years. 21 years and over. 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 5 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 12 12 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 12 12 4 2 2 2 1 AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 6 6 2 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 j i 1 1 1 1 4- 9 10 3 4 7 1 \ 160 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table HI.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS B.— LTTNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND iniMBEB. OF EMPLOYEES WOKKING OVERTIME. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Total em- ploy- ees. Number of employees whose time for lunch Is— Occupation. None. 15 min- utes and less. 20 min- utes. 25 min- utes. 30 min- utes. 35 min- utes. 40 min- utes. 45 min- utes. 60 min- utes and over. Clerks, day 9 2 9 Clerks, evening 2 Total clerks 11 2 9 Matrons, day 1 Messengers, day 1 2 1 Messengers, evening Total messengers 1 3 2 1 Monitors, evening Monitors, split trick 1 Total monitors 4 1 3 Operators, day <»97 = 81 27 62 17 9 /16 4 76 1 27 Operators, evening 23 2 69 21 1 1 Operators, night 1 »7 2 Operators, split trick Total operators 267 84 23 1 /42 5 B112 4 1 7 1 3 Operators, chief, evening 1 1 3 13 12 2 4 16 3 4 1 1 2 4 Recorders, day 1 Total recorders 5 1 4 Service observers, day 1 23 8 2 6 1 7 Supervisors, day 16 4 4 Supervisors, night 3 Supervisors, split trick 5 Total supervisors 38 9 4 9 16 Supervisors, chief, day 1 1 1 1 1 1 Timekeepers, day 3 346 1 >>58 2 J'156 99 27 1 5 349 99 27 1 59 5 Pl68 <• Including 1 who works day or evening as required, and 2 who work day and split trick alternate weeks. 6 Not Including 1 who is iudlflerent and 2 not reported. c Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. d Not including 1 not reported. « Not including 1 not reported and 3 who are indiflerent. / Including 1 who is allowed no time for lunch on Saturdays. » Including 2 who are allowed 2 hours, 1 who is allowed 3 hours, and 1 who is allowed 4 hours for lunch and relief combined. » Including 2 who are allowed 2 hours, 1 allowed 3 hours, and 1 allowed 4 hours for lunch and relief com- bined, and eIIso 1 who Is allowed 2} hours for relief alone, except on Saturdays, when it Is curteiled to 10 minutes. CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 161 IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. B — LtJNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBEH, OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEU. Number of employees— Whose time for relief is— Whose lunch period is cur- tailed. Whose relief period is cur- tailed. Who ever work over- time. None. 15 min- utes and less. 20 min- utes. 25 min- utes. 30 min- utes. 35 min- utes. 40 min- utes. 45 min- utes. 60 min- utes and over. At will. On re- quest. Who desire over- time. 1 1 1 6 1 1 # ""'i' 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 5 1 1 , 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 , 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 27 ■ ■ "23" 14 25 2 13 4 1 1 8 3 2 ""2 46 11 3 10 22 15 12 1 25 15 1J8 18 48 38 7 31 6 13 «17 121 dl 6 ill 58 54 14 7 70 )>21 43 dli dm 124 U2 3 1 1 2 (') 1 3 n 1 2 (') 3 4 !4 1 1 1 4 (jij) 1 1 2 3 1 2 (») 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 14 2 4 ""2 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 8 4 3 14 1 3 5 * 4 15 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 76 2 102 1 151 1 60 17 7 1 1 8 29 2 61 ■J 29 ii76 r48 77 60 17 7 104 1 1 S29 2 51 3 4 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 cl 18 9 1 63 5 8 c2 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 23 14 1 1 M 5 10 c3 & Including 1 who is allowed time off at close of day when lunch time is curtailed. c Not including 1 who is indifferent. 164 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table IH.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS O.— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAT, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOTTRS OF WORK, HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Total em- ployees. Niunber of employees whose maximum length of overtime day (in hours) is— Occupation. Under 7. 7 and under 8. Sand under 9. 9 and under 10. 10 and under 11. Hand under 12. 12 and under IS. 15 and over. Clerks, day 9 2 1 1 •Total clerks 11 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 Monitors, split trick. . . . Tntftl -mnnitnrs 4 <"97 »81 27 62 4 5 02 ol 12 8 ol olO 14 1 o7 16 18 ol 08 2 """("»■)■■" («) Operators, evening 3 (") C) 2 (") (») i 02 o4 Operators, split trick Total operators 267 <3 <2 (7 (12 (31 (22 (43 (2 Operators, chief, day Operators, chief, evening Operators, chief, night 4 1 7 2 1 1 Total operators, chief. . 12 1 3 Operators, chief, assistant, 3 4 1 1 2 5 2 Service observers, day Supervisors, day 1, 23 8 2 5 1 1 3 3 3 Supervisors, evening 1 Supervisors, split- trick 1 2 Total supervisors 38 1 1 4 6 4 a Including 2 who work day and split trick alternate weeks and 1 who works day or evening as required. b Not including 1 not reported. Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 1 who does light housekeeping with another girl. d Including 2 who board at home. c Including 1 who walks part of way only, but not including 2 not reported. /Including 3 who ride one way only, but not including 2 not reported. g Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. » Not including 2 not reported. i Not including 3 not reported. y Including 1 who does light housekeeping with another girl, but not including 1 not reported. t Including 1 who boards at home, but not including 1 not reported. 1 Including 1 who walks 3 trips and rides 1, but not mcluding 1 not reported. m Including 5 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. n One works overtime, hours tiot reported. o Not Including 1 who works overtime, hours not reported. CHAPTER III. OENEEAL TABLES. 165 IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Number of employees — Who liave ever been given any cboice — Who report health affected— Having operating set — Living at home. Board- ing. Waiting to and from home. Riding In ex- change to which sent. Of shift. Injuri- ously. Benefi- cially. For indi- vidual use. Disin- fected' regu- larly. Disin- fected at pleasure. from home. 3 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 2 1 4 1 8 2 1 5 4 2 4 3 3 1 6 3 5 10 1 6 6 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 3 1 3 1 11 615 1 13 21 16 13 3 26 6 15 10 18 95 6 78 25 60 6 42 h23 7 9 6 46 148 12 27 CS9 jn p25 54 i9 2 c41 ;28 11 6 34 /54 1 1 "■52 ?16 «27 6 40 63 6 69 2 6 258 •'81 "133 "239 w 27 1114 »149 2 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 7 1 1 2 2 3 1 6 1 1 1 2 3 i 4 rl 5 6 5 1 11 4 6 10 r2 4 8 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 z 1 1 2 6 3 3 2 3 2 23 1 21 8 2 4 1 4 2 1 1 4 3 9 6 1 4 1 1 3 7 4 16 7 1 2 19 6 1 5 6 1 517 7 z2 1 1 5 ' 8 16 9 35 12 26 31 7 12 oa 26 p Including 1 who does light housekeeping with another girl. « Including 2 who ride one wajf only. r Including 1 who boards at home. » Including 4 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. t Not including 2 who work overtime, hours not reported. « Not Including 4 not reported. Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 3 who do light housekeeping, but not including 1 not reported. M Including 4 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. X Including 1 who walks part of way only and 1 who walks 3 trips and rides 1, but not including 4 not reported. s Including 14 who ride one way only, but not including 4 not reported. z Including 1 who rides one way only. oo Including 3 who ride one way only. 166 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table III.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS C. -LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOTTRS OF WORK, HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOTEES WHO LIVE AT HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Total em- ployees. Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day (in hours) is— Occupation. Under 7. 7 and under 8. Sand under 9. 9 and under 10. 10 and under 11. Hand under 12. 12 and under 15. 15 and over. Supervisors, chief, day 1 1 1 1 Ticket checkers, chief, day . . i All occupations, males ; 3 346 1 6 29 All occupations, females 63 62 69 6 15 6 35 6 54 62 Total, all employees... 349 63 62 69 6 16 6 35 6 30 654 62 INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 12 8 7 9 3 1 (m) 4 4 2 ■"■(TO)" 3 Operators, night . '. (m) ("■) (m) 1 (m) Total operators 36 (m) ("■) "6 o3 04 04 ol ol Operators, chief, assistant, night 1 1 1 Supervisors, day 1 Supervisors, evening Total supervisors 2 1 Total, all employees. . . 39 M C") "6 03 04 04 o2 ol » With married sister. 6 Not including 2 who work overtime, hours not reported. c Not including 1 not reported d Not including 3 not reported. « Not including 4 not reported. /Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 3 who do light housekeeping, but not Including 1 not reported. g Including 8 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. A Including 1 who walks part of way only and 1 who walks 3 trips and rides 1, but not including 4 not reported. • Including 18 who ride one way only, but not including 4 not reported. CHAPTER III. — GENEEAL TABLES. 167 IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NTTHBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Number of employees. Who have ever been given any choice. Who report health affected. Having operating set. Living at home. Board- ing. Walking to and from home. Riding to and from home. In ex- change to which sent. Of shift. Injuri- ously. Benefi- cially. For indi- vidual use. Disin- fected regu- larly. Disin- fected at pleasure. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 /302 al Ota 3 ceo 83 c83 3 c324 ■il05 «177 A 142 '200 cm 83 c83 3 C324 ■il05 em /304 m A 142 • 203 INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 4 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 4 2 12 8 5 7 9 6 c4 5 12 8 6 9 9 c2 4 4 ki 15 1 3 1 *3 3 7l5 10 11 10 32 <;24 4 35 1 cl9 Pl6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (?) (?) , 2 1 2 (?) cl 10 12 11 35 c26 4 38 1 "■20 s 17 1 Including 8 who board at home and 1 who boards with married sister, but not including 1 not reported. ft Including 1 who rides one way only. I Including 2 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. m One works overtime, hours not reported. n Including 2 who ride one way only. o Not including 1 who works overtime, hours not reported. p Including 6 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. 3 One not rej)orted. r Not includmg 2 not reported. * Including 6 who ride one way only, but not including 2 not reported. 168 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table III — SUMMARY OP EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOUBS OF WORK, HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORE— Concluded. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Total em- ployees. Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day (in hours) is — Occupation. Under 7. 7 and under 8. Sand under 9. 9 and under 10. 10 and under 11. Hand under 12. 12 and under 15. 15 and over. Clerks, day 2 11 9 2 6 1 1 Operators, day 3 Operators, evening 1 Operators, night w (') (.') '\ (.") '\ (') Operators, split tilck Total operators 28 (0 C') («) e2 (") el ei (') Operators, chief, day Recorders, split trick 1 1 1 1 1 Service inspectors, evening. . Total service fnspect- 2 Stenographers, day 1 2 1 Supervisors, evening Total supervisors 3 Ticket examiners, day 1 Total, all employees. .- 39 (') '1 (.') c3 (') el a (') o Not including 1 not reported, b Including 1 who boards at home, c One works overtime, hours not reported. d Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure. « Not including 1 who works overtime, hours not reported. / Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure, and 1 not reported. CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 169 IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Concluded. C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOUBS OF WORK, HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NITMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK— Concluded. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TEIEGEAPH COMPANY. Number of employees. Who have ever been given any choice. Who report health affected. Having operating set. Living athonje. Board- ing. Walking to and from home. Riding to and from home. In ex- change to which sent. Of shift. Injuri- ously. Benefi- cially. For indi- vidual use. Disin- fected regu- larly. Disin- fected at pleasure. 2 7 8 2 5 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 11 9 2 6 5 8 2 d3 8 i>4 4 61 1 10 9 2 1 d2 1 02 03 4 4 7 28 dlS fU 22 66 03 a 24 1 1 w 1 1 1 1 1 1 w 1 1 1 (?) 1 1 al a\ W 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 61 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 61 1 2 X 1 1 1 6 7 ''34 /23 in 31 ^8 <"5 o23 ff One not reported. h Not including 2 not reported. i Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly, receiver disinfected atpleasure, and 2 not reported. ;■ Including 2 who board at home. 170 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table IV SUMMARY, FOR ALL TELEPHONE COMPANIES, OF EMPLOY A OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTEB.IITG SERVICE. Sex. Total em- ploy- ees. Number of employees whose years of employment in telephone service were— Occupation. Un- der 1. 1 and under 2. 2 and under 3. Sand under 4. 4 and under 5. 5 and under 7. 7 and under 10. 10 and over. Clerks, day F. F. ¥. F. M. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. 11 2 1 i' 7 1 1 i' 1 Clerks, evening. Total clerks 13 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 i" 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 Monitors, day 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Monitors, split trick 4 2 1 1 ol20 6 98 c36 i,0 desire over- time. 2 1 1 6 1 1 '"'i' 4 2 3 1 1 2 2 6 1 1 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 12 33 3 31 23 27 6 17 4 5 1 10 3 2 '""2 55 13 3 11 23 17 1 6 1)21 «5 1 37 21 «9 21 59 44 9 40 cl3 1 no i22 <3 n7 79 73 20 7 82 i22 1 47 4 27 8 88 152 i52 4 1 1 2 (m) 1 3 »4 1 2 (™) 4 4 7.4 1 1 1 4 (") 1 2 1 1 (!>) 1 3 1 (P) 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 ■■"3" 2 1 15 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 11 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 9 S 3 16 1 4 5 4 4 15 4 == J Not Including 2 who are indifferent. * Including 1 who is allowed time off at close of day when lunch time is curtailed, hut not includmg 1 not reported. 1 Not including 6 who are indifferent, and 4 not reported. m One not reported. 1 Including 1 who is allowed 2 hours for lunch and relief combined. o Two not reported. V One is indiflerent. 174 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table IV.— SUMMARY, FOR ALL TELEPHONE COMPANIES, OP EMPLOYEES— B LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBEK OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME— Concluded. Occupation. Supervisors, chief, day Ticket checkers, chief, day Ticket examiners, day Timekeepers, day All occupations, males All occupations, females . . Total, all employees- To- tal em- ploy- ees. Number of employees whose time for lunch is- - None. 15 min- utes and less. 20 min- utes. 25 min- utes. 30 min- utes. 35 min- utes. 40 min- utes. 45 min- utes. 60 min- utes and over. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 424 1 074 2 6185 121 27 2 1 14 427 121 27 21 075 1 14 6 187 o Including 1 who is allowed no time for lunch on Saturdays. 6 Including 1 who is allowed one hour, 3 allowed two hours, 1 allowed three hours, and 1 allowed four hours for lubch and relief combined. <: Including 1 who is allowed one hour, 3 allowed two hours, 1 allowed three hours, and 1 allowed four hours for lunch and relief combined, and also 1 who is allowed two and a half hours for relief, except on Saturdays, when it is curtailed to ten minutes. C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAT, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOTTRS OF WORK, HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK. Total em- ployees. Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day (in hours) is— Occupation. Under 7. 7 and under 8. 8 and under 9. 9 and under 10. 10 and under 11. 11 and under 12. 12 and under 15. 15 and over. Clerks, day n 2 1 1 1 Total clerks 13 1 1 1 Matrons, day 1 3 1 Messengers, day 1 Messengers, evening 1 Total messengers 4 1 1 Monitors, day 2 I 1 Monitors, split trick Total monitors 4 a With married sister. CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 175 EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS, AS REPORTED BY Continued. B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME- Concluded. Number of employees — Whose time for relief is— Whose lunch period is cur- tailed. Whose relief period IS cur- tailed. Who ever worked over- time. None. 15 min- utes and less. 20 min- utes. 25 min- utes. 30 min- utes. 35 min- utes. 40 min- utes. 45 min- utes. 60 min- utes and over. At will. On re- quest. Who desire over- time. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 102 2 120 1 181 1 80 23 7 1 1 C31 4 65 19 15 ■ 21 118 6 95 32 73 6 56 ft 37 613 117 6 54 <52 13 (32 «108 /87 !>33 68 3 1 1 5 3 2 1 Do Do 1 2 Do Total 111 14 125 M 2 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 4 10 9 f 113 65 2 209 2 113 65 2 209 2 3 3 Do Do Do 4 g Do Total 391 391 ' 7 12 8 8 f 7 5 308 3 15 39 11 1 1 2 308 3 16 41 11 1 1 . Do 1 Do . . Do Total 66 3 69 1 a Mot reported. t> Including 2 under $10. CHAPTER III. — GENEBAL TABLES. 197 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OOCITPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.— Continued. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and imder $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and OTer. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. U. F. 2 .... 1 1 7 1 2 1 2 4 5 24 38 31 4 1 6 5 25 38 33 4 1 2 1 ' 2 1 1 1 1 4 14 8 1 26 12 1 12 1 25 12 18 2 1 12 1 13 27 25 12 18 2 2 1 3 119 1 145 1 8 9^ 10 6 8 1 8 122 146 99 10 6 8 2 - 2 3 1 1 1 .... 1 9 41 1 5 6 1 2 13 12 ^- 1 S 3 24 63 1 87 6 2 48 20 59 6 9 123 2 8 1 1 9 143 204 8 1 1 1 12 46 36 100 1 2 5 2 111 1 2 6 I 4 7 7 2 6 5 7 1 1 6 2 1 3 18 1 9 9 m; 7 _ 3 8 1111 12 1 „ , 198 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGrES, AND HOIfllS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATION'S— Cont'd BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL Continued. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Managers, assistant. f 9 6 ..... 9 7 Do Total 15 1 16 f 5 Matrons 23 9 16 23 9 16 1 ~ Do.. 1 Do 16 Total 48 48 1 17 10 f Messengers 3 12 67 3 12 67 1 5 31 1 Do 2 11 5 16 Do 8 Total 82 82 13 21 37 9 5 Operators 6 9 1,662 517 1 2 1,185 4 1,667 526 1 2 1,185 4 25 163 1 51 136 2 497 103 Do 1 1 3 12 4 Do. Do 2 534 3 Do 3 113 .... 271 219 1 Do Total 14 3,371 3,385 1 4 3 125 4 727 1 458 2 820 f 5 Operators, chief 41 38 25 41 38 25 Do 3 1 6 Do 1 104 104 4 6 f Operators, chief, assistant... Do 5 7 5 7 12 12 7 f 2 2 175 175 2 2 175 Do 1 Total 4 4 8 g 8 I' 1 261 1 63 1 261 1 8 74 6 ; Solicitors Stfenographers 1 Do 1 Total Oil 6 64 82 1 8 8 f 6 3 7 310 40 193 3 7 310 40 193 Supervisors Do 1 2 1 4 543 543 3 5 1 oNot reported. f" Not Including 7, sex not reported. CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 199 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.— Continued. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— S35 and under $40. ■ $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $60 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 apd under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M, F. Ml. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 ' 1 6 6 2 1 4 3 1 3 1 10 1 2 " 12 10 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 599 96 459 4 1 1 25 2 '"'i' 6 ~ 36 8 1 I 731 472 1 27 1 7 5 7 15 7 10 7 1 8 5 1 ■' 7 3 8 2 8 1 10 10 12 32 15 9 5 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 ■" 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 61 2 4 3 .... 41 1 50 80 21 3 1 1 1 7 1 18 5 24 3 13 1 1 1 7 1 18 5 24 3 13 1 3 1 1 6 11 44 6 52 252 11 79 1 1 1 15 21 a .... 35 .11 102 342 2 1 1 200 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.-RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTHS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. . $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. Supervisors, building 8 8 f 1 192 1 49 1 192 1 49 Testers Do i Total 50 50 8 8 8 15 12 10 8 Testers, chief. 17 1 12 2 3 3 r 17 1 12 2 3 3 1 Traffic oUefs Trouble men Do Do Do Total. ... . 9 9 8 10 f 5 Wire chiefs 38 5 1 127 ""2 ...... 1 38 5 1 128 1 2 Miscellaneous Do Do "'i' 1 13 Do Do Total 135 2 137 2 i| 3 1 13 Grand total . 63,432 c4,541 8,010 d6 6 23 302 38- 732 57 492 60 sm CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 6J 1 9 2 1 17 2 1 5 42 7 26 1 1 9 2 1 17 2 1 12 68 1 Assemblers Cabinetmakers Carpenters Clerks 5 5 Do 1 1 4 1 1 1 Do Total 47 34 81 1 1 4 2 1 10 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 Clerks, chief 4 10 2 1 15 1 4 35 1 4 :::::: 4 10 2 1 15 1 4 35 1 4 Collectors 2 1 1 Draftsmen Draftsmen, chief Drivers and hostlers Elevator conductors Engineers Foremen Foremen, assistant Foremen, general " Not reported. >> Not including 37, sex not reported, and including 1, rate not reported. c Not Including 37, sex not reported, and including 10, rate not reported. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 201 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OP THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTFATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANT, CHICAGO, ILL.-Conoluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. 370 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 47 58 53 1 15 15 11 7 1 11 16 5 1 1 11 16 16 5 1 3 14 1 1 9 2 2 3 3 1 1 9 5 2 6 10 1 7 9 1 2 1 33 1 23 28 10 5 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 37 25 29 10 .... 5 3 3 40 825 48 594 246 185 834 442 578 50 634 29 406 7 182 3 163 6 53 1 CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANT, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 1 3 6 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 1 1 3 2 4 I "5' 2 12 1 3 4 10 9 2 1 4 6 4 10 3 5 14 9 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 10 4 1 1 3 15 1 9 1 1 7 1 1 2 1 i 2 d Including 2 under $10. « Not reported. 202 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTIIIS OF LABOH, BY OOOTTPATIOM'S— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO- Con tinned. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under ■ $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 9 8 79 4 79 4 1 Total 83 83 1 9 9 8 Installers 27 1 1 27 1 1 Do • Total 2 2 9 8 »1 04 3 == Janitors 6 2 7 1 13 3 Do Total 8 X 16 al "4 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 6i 31 100 2 7 1 "'i' 3 1 1 31 100 2 8 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 Do 1 Do 1 Total 5 5 3 1 9 8 65 1 8 "2 1 8 2 1 1 Do 3 ■■"2" 1 Do Total 9 2 11 3 3 2 2 1 9 9 ^6* Monitors 15 1 328 262 1 1 343 262 1 ... 1 1 22 9 2 4 219 1 275 Do 34 1 Do Total 15 591 606 1 35 31 2 223 1 275 9 9 9 8 9 9 8 3 ""2 1 1 2 15 19 4 22 3 3 1 Operators, chief, assistant. . . Painters 4 2 1 1 2 15 Paymasters, assistant Porters Solicitors Do 17 17 8 m 9 8 2 6 1 1 15 17 6 1 1 Stock keepers Do Total 2 2 ^_^_ • Under $10. 6 Not reported. CHAPTER m. — GENERAL TABLES. 203 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE! COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO— Continued. Number oi employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $60. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. 870 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 2 10 46 4 .... 18 1 1 2 10 50 18 1 2 12 13 1 1 1 1 1 ...... 4 1 1 1 3 7 1 6 1 11 26 1 = = , 16 20 1 3 12 1 1 1 29 2 2 2 1 1 6 1 27 1 4 6 27 1 1 9 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 11 3 2 12 2 3 6 2 4 1 = 6 " "i" 1 ' "i" 1 1 1 1 , 204 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V — RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTIIS OF LABOR, BY OCCTJPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Supervisors 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 "io' 6 10 2 2 12 1 14 25 25 10 6 10 2 2 12 1 14 1 Switchboard men Switchboard men helpers... Testers Testers, chief Wftt/lhTTlPTl . . . 1 Wire chiefs Wlremen Miscellaneous r" 1 Grand total 531 707 1,238 ol o4 4 35 4 34 11 234 8 290 CITIZENS TELEPHONE COMPANY, COVINGTON, KY. Battery men 9 9 9 9 m 1 "i" 1 "'i' 2 ""i" 30 27 9 1 1 3 1 1 30 27 9 Clerks 01 a2 Managers 1 Operators ... 30 Do 1 4 26 1 Do ... 1 3 Total 66 66 1 3 5 27 30 9 8 9 9 1 1 ""'i' 2 ■■5' 3 1 5 1 1 S(5icitors Supervisors. . Grand total 6 77 83 ol c3 3 5 28 31 CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 8 8 10 9 9 8 9 8 2 11 2 25 1 2 12 21 6 29 2 11 2 25 1 2 18 50 Bricklayers Cashiers . . Clerks 1 2 Do 11 3 Total. . 33 35 68 3 l| 3 8 8 8 9 9 8 Clerks, chief 2 13 1 5 5 1 2 13 1 5 5 1 Collectors Collectors, chief Engineers Do 1 Total 6 6 a Under $10. b Not reported. c Including 2 under $10. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 205 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY 0CCT7PATI01TS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CINCINNATI AND SVBTJBBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANT, CINCINNATI, OHIO— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. "i' 1 25 2 1 2 4 3 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 i 1 6 3 B 2 7 1 29 69 20 26 88 9 123 3 118 2 80 1 18 21 5 1 CITIZENS TELEPHONE COMPANY, COVINGTON, KT. 1 1 1 1 1 ' ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r"" 5 ' \ 1 ....' L. . 1 6 1 3 1 i ' CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANT, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 2 1 1 6 6 3 1 1 5 7 4 1 1 1 5 3 1 3 12 1 1 9 1 4 7 3 6 5 3 15 1 10 1 11 3 11 6 3 1 1 3 7 3 1 5 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 206 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATIOK. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS jl.— CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIOH'S— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Elevator conductor. 9 9 10 1 11 1 1 11 1 KorpTTiATi Do Total 12 12 9 9 9 8 Foremen, general 2 7 7 7 """"i' 2 7 7 8 Inspectors Do Total.. 14 1 1."^ 9 8 9 9 Installers 32 4 40 ...... 12 32 5 19 4 40 Instructors 12 Laborers Do 10 Total 44 44 9 9 8 27 6 1 27 6 1 Do 1 Total 7 7 9 9 8 ■"■4" 3 1 3 1 4 1 1 3 Total 4 1 5 1 1 1 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 9 8 10 9 9 9 9 9 1 3 2 1 ""'i' ■ '2' 3 ...... 4 31 1 5 5 1 319 4 27 23 8 "36' " i 322 6 28 23 1 4 8 2 3 36 1 4 31 1 5 5 2 1 1 1 9 117 116 56 Operators, chief Operators, student 1 i.3 3 23 ( Painters ; 1 ' 1 Stenographers 1 1 1 i 1 Supervisors 3 .... 8 5 Trouble men i 1 Wire chiefs Miscellaneous 1 320 479 799 1 1 1 32 1 123 3 155 2 68 CHAPTER HI. GENERAL TABLES. 207 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIONS-Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 10 1 1 10 - 1 2 6 7 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 I 8 2 1 1 1 18 ■->- 5 4 3 8 2 1 26 3 3 2 27 9 3 3 5 2 1 20 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 - , . . 16 1 4 1 2 ■■■'i' 2 1 1 1 S 1 2 1 "l ■^ ■■■'i' 2 2 9 11 1 ll 1 16 1 4 2 1 3 1 3 iS 12 35 31 5 C6 9 73 78 3 25 10 8 6 208 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— BATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTEB BY OFFICIALS A — CLASSIFIES RATES OF WAGES, AND HO0BS OF LABOB, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. COLORADO TELEPHONE COMPAIVT, DENVER, COLO. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. r. M. r. M. r. M. r. M. r. Adjusters 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 " 8 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 g 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 ' 1 9 1 17 16 2 25 3 19 1 1 4 5 1 9 4 2 4 28 ""'io' 4 43 6 "is' """i' " s 2 2 ■■"i4" 2 6 1 17 4 1 1 ""x 1 2 5 "339" 8 "ii" "31 "3 1 9 1 17 16 2 81 3 19 1 1 4 5 1 9 4 2 4 28 4 11 4 43 10 2 5 13 339 8 1 11 3 2 2 31 14 2 9 1 17 4 1 1 Blueprbiters T^ooTckw^ppirs , , . Cashieis Clerks 6 2 2 Clerks', chief. . 2 "Draft.eiTnfip . . Draftsmen, chief Elevator conductors "Rnginpflrs Engineers, assistant "PnrfiTnftTi Framemen ..... 1 ol 7 "2 8 4 "hY 2 "'41' Teamsters Treastirers, assistant Wlrn phiflfs Total 282 464 746 al 1 7 10 6 73 4 43 CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOUISVILLE KY • 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 ■■■■j- ...... 2 1 1 1 5 4 2 2 2 2 8 Clerks 1 1 Total 7 3 10 1 1 9 9 9 9 piprlrq phipf ""3 2 9 1 1 3 2 9 Electricians .... ,,,,, .... .... . a Under $10, CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 209 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIES RATES OF WAGES, AND HOUBS OF LABOR, BY OCCTPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. COLOBADO TELEPHONE COMPANY, DENVER, COLO. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 6 1 6 3 3 1 2 6_ 3 1 2 1 1 5 13 2 8 2 16 2 6 3 1 9 1 9 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 ..--. 1 1 2 1 1 6 2 6 ■■3' 1 12 "i' 4 1 8 1 5 1 1 3 "2 1 1 34 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 - 169 55 3 1 1 1 "i' 2 ""2 5 1 2 1 1 1 IS ....„ 5 "'5' 1 4 2 2 3 1 4 13 1 3 1 1 4 175 7 86 7 27 36 30 29 14 76 2 55 3 18 1 20 11 CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY. 1 1 _ 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 "2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 14 210 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table T.-^RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCtTPATIOHS— Cont'd BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CUMBEBLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANT, LOUISVILLE, KT — Con. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Foremen 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 12 10 7i 6 2 9 3 4 28 1 1 2 3 "'i' 5 2 9 3 4 28 1 1 1 2 3 Installers Janitors 1 1 Linemen i Managers Matrons 1 Messengers 2 3 Do Total 5 5 5 ■ 10 9 5 Operators 63 8 9 5 6 2 6 29 1 63 8 9 5 6 2 6 29 1 7 33 5 6 3 3 13 1 Do Do 3 2 3 1 3 Do --■ Do Do 1 Do 3 16 Do 14 Do 1 Total 119 119 14 18 20 60 .... 15 10 5 4 2 4 2 1 6 6 1 10 f Operators, chief, assistant. Do 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Do Do Total 6 6 1 9 9 9 12 9 9 9 10 9J f ...... 7 1 '""i' 1 3 ...... 2 1 1 1 3 1 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 03 ' Stablemen and teamsters . . . Superintendents 2 Do Do 1 Do 1 6 5 1 1 2 9 8 Trouble men 9 1 9 1 Do Total 10 10 9 9 9 9 Watchmen 1 5 2 2 1 5 2 2 Wire chiefs Wire chiefs, assistant Miscellaneous Grand total 126 146 272 wT 5 19 21 1 51 =='=1 1 ""1 a ynder $10, t Including 3 under |ip, CHAPTEB m.— GENERAL TABLES. 211 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, ASD HOTTKS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIONS— Cont'd. BEIL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CUMBEBLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGKAPH COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY.— Con. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and -under $60. $60 and - under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. •F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 5 1 1 1 2 10 1 1 3 6 2 4 14 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 9 1 , , .. 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 12 9 4 4 11 3 32 38 12 1 3 1 2 1 3 212 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CUniBEBLAND TELEPHONE AND TELBGBAPH CO MPANT, N ASH VILLE, TENN. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. r. Total. M. F. M. F. U. r. U. F. M. F. Batterymen 10 8 10 8 10 9 8 1 5 5 1 ""a 2 1 1 5 5 1 2 1 9 RnnlrlrppTiprs Cable spucers Cashiers Clerics 1 1 Do Do Total 9 3 12 2 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 4 Electricians 1 5 1 16 1 17 2 3 2 1 5 1 16 1 17 2 3 2 Inspectors 1 Janitors 1 2 a2 ' Total 5 5 M 1 10 13 2 117 17 6 2 5 1 9 2 13 2 118 17 6 2 5 1 9 2 12 2 71 13 9i' Do 8 7 6 1 3i 1 ■■ :::::: 1 1 22 2 5 21 1 1 1 Do 2 2 1 .... 2 1 1 Do 7 2 1 Do Total 1 174 175 10 ! 1 31 ^^ 27 102 1 9 5 f '.'.'.'.v. 6 2 1 1 1 6 2 1 1 1 2 Do 1 1 Do Total 11 11 1 3 9 5 10 8 10 9 10 10 % 10 10 Operators, chief, assistant . . . ""2 ""2 3 1 10 3 3 2 1 ...... ■■3' 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 10 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 { 1 ^Vlrp phlpfq ...., 1 98 196 293 2 11 2 31 27 3 106 1 6 a Under $10. !> Including 2 under $10. c Not reported. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 213 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIES BATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, B7 OOCTTPATIOITS— Cont'd. , BEIL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CVMBEBLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANY, NASHVILLE, TENN. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 4 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 9 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ ■. " ' ' .'-' ... . 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■" 1 3 , 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 5 7 4 3 12 1 31 2 15 14 1 5 1 1 214 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V — RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN ' 1908, AS REPORTED BY OPPIOIALS A — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCOUPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CttMBEKLANO TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA. Hours per regu- lar Jul! day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployces. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Agents 10 8 2 2 2 2 ^ Do Total 4 4 8 10 10 8 10 ■9 8 ' ' .. . . Bookkeepers 6 27 1 3 5 "'io' 2 ...... 13 1 6 27 1 3 5 2 23 3 Cable spficers Carpenters Cashiers Clerks Do 2 3 Do 1 7 Do 1 Total 17 16 33 1 7 1 5 g 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 8 Clerks, chief... 1 6 1 4 5 1 16 2 1 26 20 1 2 1 5 1 4 S 1 16 2 1 26 20 1 2 1 Custodians Drivers "■ Eneineers Foremen, general assistant. 1 2 1 2 Do Total 3 3 3 10 10 10 8 3 55 1 1 3 55 1 1 Do 2 2 9 10 8 6 4 1 2 3 3 4 1 2 1 1 2 3 Do 1 Do . 2 Total 7 1 162 13 9 9 2 4 7 1 152 13 9 9 2 4 1 5 1 6i 9 8 7 tl 1 8 11 6 1 9 36 1 102 Do 1 2 3 .... 8 Do 1 Total 189 189 16 38 108 1 .... 27 2 9 . 8 6i 11 1 1 11 1 1 Do Do ' 13 13 1 2 o N ot reported. CHAfTEE HI. — GENliEAL TASlES. 215 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OP THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd BELl TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. SlOO and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 8 13 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 7 4 2 ■" 1 ■ 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 3 10 2 ■ 1 1 2 9 12 1 4 1 4 2 21 1 4 1 30 1 1 1 = = = 3 2 1 1 1 .... i .... 2 2 1 1 216 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CUMBEKLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA.— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. U. F. U. F. Operators, chief assistant. . . 9 8 2 1 2 1 Do 1 Total 3 3 1 8 5 Operators, student 4 29 4 29 2 29 1 1 Do Total 33 ""2 9 1 1 33 1 2 2 9 6 1 1 31 1 1 Painters 10 10 8 9 10 8 6J 1 2 " "5" Porters Stenographers Supervisors 7 Switchboard men Telegraph operators 1 1 Total 2 2 2 10 10 10 10 5 5 2 8 5 6 2 8 Wire chiefs Miscellaneous 1 236 274 509 1 32 6 20 1 1 48 1 112 3 '44 DQSSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 5,000 POPULATION. Agents 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 8 4 '""i' 1 ""2 6 3 5 1 58 -■•jj- "'i' 25 10 "'i' 4 17 1 2 25 12 G 3 6 1 68 «2 1 3 8 3 Cashiers 1 4 1 Clerks 3 .... 9 1 8 6 Collectors . 61 c3 Inspectors 1 Stenographers 1 1 02 <7l6 4 Wire chiefs 1 4 126 1 2 453 ' 57 8 19 a Including 1 imder $10. 6 Under $10. » Including 2 under $10. ^ Including 3 under $10. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 217 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA.— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $10. $40 and under $45. $4S and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 i 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 '■■■| . 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 40 8 18 4 14 2 25 3 59 37 1 19 .... 1 7 4 .... MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 5,000 POPULATION. 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 '' 1 i 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2R 10 4 9 7 1 10 4 9 ....| 27 ! 7 1 1 j 1 1 1 2 9 1 1 9 1 3 ....1 8 1 1 1 ....[ 2 2 1 1 2 i 1 1 ' 1 1 1 2 ....1 1 1 i 6 4 11 2 1 5 2 15 3 17 16 .... 54 2 29 10 -■! 1 1 2 2 c Including 8 under $10. /Not reported. t Including 6 under $10. A Including 12 under $10. 218 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, ANV HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. lOISSOTJRI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 5,000 TO 15,000 POPU- LATION. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. P. Agents 8 Bookkeepers 8 Cashiers 8 15 2 -...„ 1 10 1 3 11 52 15 1 2 ....„ 12 15 1 "'ii' 1 16 18 1 ""2 ■ 'm 2 4 2 15 14 1 18 19 11 1 3 13 52 15 1 212 2 4 2 2 12 15 1 1 3 6 Clerks ' 8 Collectors ' s 1 3 3 8 9 2 i 2 FnrflTnpTi 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 TTifltrftllpra o4 b2 2 2 1 1 TifpATTlfln 1 Operators cl 'il3 .... 57 108 1 20 1 2 1 11 1 1 1 Wire chiefs, assistant 1 Total 145 268 413 e5 m 2 61 2 121 3 38 2 22 MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANT, TOWNS 15,000 TO 26,000 POPU- LATION. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 7 ■'4 '"■■3" 1 2 4 1 2 4 2 "'i' 17 "'h' 1 1 7 4 4 1 20 1 8 4 1 2 4 3 1 2 Clerks 2 1 8 3 Clprka chief 3 ..'.. 2 1 1 1 1 1 Bo cl Total 2 2 4 cl 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 29 6 ""9 ""s n 2 '"iig' ' "i' 2 29 6 119 9 1 2 8 11 2 1 1 6 3 19 38 47 9 1 1 Wire chiefs, assistant "5 21 1 Grand total 95 152 247 43 3 69 2 15 a Including 2 under $10. >> Including 1 under $10. Under $10. CHAPTER m. — GENERAL TABLES. 219 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 6,000 TO 15,000 POPU- LATION. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. - F. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 6 4 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 '"i' 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 12 13 6 17 2 4 4 4 1 i * .... 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 6 1 1 2 8 3 1 18 5 2 2 12 1 35 36 1 14 7 4 3 MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 1S,000 TO 25,000 POPU- LATION. 3 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 12 2 1 3 3 4 3 .... 2 1 5 3 7 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 4 1 9 2 20 34 1 10 6 1 3 i Including 4 under $10. e Including 3 under $10. / Including 5 under $10. 220 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIOWS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION AND OVER. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $?0. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Accountants 8 8 8 8 S 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2 13 6 38 2 89 7 30 6 1 7 1 28 9 U 44 "io' 70 218 7 '"is ""6 1 2 20 3 3 1 "is' 3 11 28 9 23 3 2 1 2 2 ""2 73 "'h' "'i' 1 1 ....„ 2 8 549 5 ■■"25' "iV 2 15 8 38 4 162 7 35 6 1 7 1 28 9 14 44 1 11 71 218 7 6 15 8 555 6 2 20 28 3 1 14 15 3 12 28 9 23 3 2 1 Agents 1 Bookkeepers 1 Cable Bplicers Casbiers Clerks 2 2 1 17 17 Clerks, chief Collectors 1 1 Draftsmen EleTator conductors Engineers Engineers, assistant Foremen Foremen, assistant Installers :... Instructors 1 Laborers Linemen 2 Matrons 1 5 Messengers 2 4 1 139 1 112 Operators 107 109 1 Solicitors Stenographers 1 2 Stock keepers . 1 4 5 S\rttchboard men Tesl^rs . 1 1 Watchmen Wire chiefs Wlremen . . 746 697 1,443 05 5 112 7 113 9 165 4 144 NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANY OMAHA, NEBR. Agents 8 8 8 10 8 ll 1 8 2 1 19 1 8 1 11 ""2 ""s 1 Cashiers " "i Clerks . Do 1 2 1 Total 12 8 20 1 2 1 S 8 8 10 8 Clerks, chief 2 6 1 11 11 2 6 1 11 11 ■"■■"1. ...1 Collectors { 1 1 1 Drivers and teamsters . , . 1 Do 1 Total 22 22 = = « Including 1 under $10. CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 221 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A^.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOtTSS OF LABOB, BY OCCTTPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION AND OVEB. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. . $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and imder $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. U. F. M. F. 1 1 1 3 1 4 2 5 1 2 2 1 2 1 4 3 16 1 1 1 ""2 7 8 4 2 2 7 8 12 5 13 3 25 18 2 3 6 1 1 6 17 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 6 1 3 14 9 8 3 6 2 3 1 1 2 2 6 20 "'i' 1 15 7 ""l 5 30 7 2 20 62 1 5 20 78 41 1 1 5 1 6 23 41 8 1 2 3 2 1 * 1 1 6 5 1 1 "e' 7 2 2 1 4 6 ■' "i" 3 1 1 "i' 1 1 6 3 3 4 7 3 2 5 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 ^ 15 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 30 52 62 44 101 27 119 15 154 14 146 3 43 13 3 29 24 NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANY, OMAHA, NEBK. ■■■3' '" i' 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 "i 1 i 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 2 1 3 3 1 .... ' "i 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 6 3 1 3 5 3 3 1 9 5 1 222 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OOCTTPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANY, OMAHA, NEBB.— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Foremen 10 8 3 8 3 8 Do Total 11 11 8 8 S 8 8 8 10 8 5 11 24 ...... 6 42 52 ....„ 5 11 24 1 9 6 42 52 TnsjiRntnrs I Instructors .TATi1t^r,s .... 1 32 Do Total 94 94 32 8 8 8 8 7 3 '"'i' 1 ...... 2 3 1 3 3 3 4 1 1 Matrons 2 2 Messengers 1 1 Monitors Do Total 1 4 S 1 8 7 Operators 256 1 256 1 14 39 .... 52 1 84 Do 1 Total 257 257 14 39 53 84 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Operators, chief ""3 3 ■ "g" 13 2 7 1 15 3 "is' 15 3 3 3 13 9 13 2 7 1 2 1 Stenograpners Stock keepers Students Supervisors Switchboard men 1 Testers Trouble men Wire chiefs Miscellaneous Grand total 255 308 663 18 1 39 4 54 34 88 NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. Adjusters 8i 9 8i 7 9 35 7 9 35 1 Agents 1 Do . .. . Total 44 44 1 9! Si 9 Si Bookkeepers 50 31 3 1 i' 181 11 2 34 212 61 31 3 1 2 35 393 . 1 . 3 1 ....L... Carpenters 1 ■" Cashiers .. L. '* " Clerks 1 1 2 9 Do ...J 1 53 ■9" Po,. 2 1 18 4 CHAPTBB III. — GENEEAl, TABLES. 223 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES, ANB HOURS OF LABOB, BY OCCUFATIOirS— Cont'd. BEH TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANT, OMAHA, NEBB.— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 4 5 2 2 2 .... 2 1 2 4 2 11 2 5 9 17 4 1 3 1 8 7 20 1 26 8 7 20 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 S6 9 2 56 9 2 "i 3 "i' 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 3 ' 1 1 9 2 3 2 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 12 63 12 31 38 6 35 4 35 4 49 18 7 4 1 6 NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGKAPH COMPANT, BOSTON, MASS. 1 4 5 8 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 13 .... s 1 6 .... 5 14 13 4 ....1 6 2 .... 4 4 3 "\".'.'.'. 7 5 27 2 1 1 8 6 2 1 6 1 11 ^ 1 "T 1 3 36 '32' 26 53 "'^"'X 1 39 2 27 49 11 9 10 1 4 .... 5 .... 5 ■"» 224 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTHS OF LABOR, BY OOOTJPATIOH'S— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANT, BOSTON, lUASS — Cont'd. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under tl5. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. r: Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Clerks . . . 8 1* P 5 4 27 25 1 5 4 4 2 1 31 25 1 5 4 4 2 1 Do 4 Do Do 3 Do Do Do Do Total 186 317 503 2 1 18 4 54 9 19 8 8 5 "io 2 2 1 2 12 1 Do Do Total 10 5 15 1 9 9 8i Clerks, cUef, assistant Collectors 1 61 1 1 10 5 4 1 61 1 1 10 5 4 . .... ...^ Collectors, chief 9 9 8J 9 9 9 9 9 f Engineers, assistant 1 21 11 15 6 166 1 1 1 21 11 IS 6 166 1 1 11 1 2 Do 168 16S 12 2 8 9 {<■) 6 24 12 ...... 12 6 25 1 1 12 Do 1 1 1 5 4 Total. 30 1 31 1 1 1 5 13 4 9 9 9 8 7 188 27 7 4 1 7 188 27 7 4 1 MacWnlsts 5 2 Do Do .... Total 12 12 81 f 11 "ie" 5 1 7 1 "'i' 7 17 5 1 2 7 1 8 7 5 1 1 Do Do Do 2 Total 22 10 32 2 8 8 13 1 1 1 . oNot reported. CHAPTER m. GENERAL TABLES. 225 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTJPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued . NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $60 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and imder $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $126 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 21 1 2 3 4 2 1 1 23 1 1 1 2 1 1 ' 3 75 33 103 9 5 41 30 51 12 9 10 j 1 4 5 6 .... 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 2 5 .... 1 1 1 19 8 33 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 5 1 1 5 8 1 13 ..... 2 1 40 1 40 2 6 2 11 18 38 1 11 18 41 38 40 6 4 5 6 1 ■ 1 1 5 4 5 5 3 41 4 4 4 60 5 57 1 35 5 3 1 3 1 8 1 1 1 1 9480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 -15 226 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A— CLASSIFnSD RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCOTTPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANT, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $16 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 12 Hi 9 f r 5 5 13 29 1 ' "i ""9 ""2 '"'i9' 702 496 1 3 4 5 23 149 6 152 1 9 13 29 20 702 496 1 3 5 5 23 158 6 154 1 9 1 3 7 "i 263 272 Do Do 1 Do 16 16 136 80 Do Do Do Do 1 4 3 12 Do 2 3 69 3 44 Do Do 4 80 3 6 1 7 4 Do Do 2 57 Do Do 1 1 Total 55 1,570 1,625 1 4 129 7 338 12 615 12 'I' 8i 8 7 5 12 9 ■■3' ""2 7 38 1 12 9 2 7 38 1 3 Do Do 1 Do Do Do 24 48 72 1 8i 9 8 Operators, chief, assistant . . 10 9 3 "ioo' _ 3 10 109 3 1 Do 9 100 Total 19 5 188 1 100 119 6 188 1 9 100 3 1 Si 9 7 1 Total 189 189 1 Si 8 1 61 1 62 1 2 3 Total 1 52 53 • 2 1 3 9 12 1 1 12 1 1 = == . 2 2 8i 8 8 f 51 ""i" 64 43 7 2 5 19 64 44 7 2 6 19 Do Do Do Do Total 1 140 141 1 i CHAPTEB III. — GENEEAL TABLES. 227 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED EATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIOHS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANT, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd Number of employees whose monthly rates were — and er. $35 and under • $40. $40 and under $46. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $126 ov M. F. M. r. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 2 3 '"'9' 119 84 5 16 1 1 3 6 168 44 1 3 ' .... 7 1 29 16 6 248 21 2 2 239 1 4 4 6 6 1 1 1 3 10 1 2 1 10 11 7 3 11 4 11 1 10 7 9 15 2 1 1 2 5 1 5 1 1 49 1 126 1 1 1 2 11 1 2 11 49 125 1 2 7 4 24 9 1 1 2 7 4 24 10 1 1 7 2 1 - 1 1 2 2 6 8 16 1 64 18 6 2 1 10 3 1 4 6 3 3 11 35 91 1 =: 228 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCOTTPATIOITS-Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Nmnber of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. • Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. r. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Telegraph operators f 6 4 23 19 19 2 3 7 23 19 19 2 Testers Traffic chiefs Do Do Total 40 40 12 9 9 f Watchmen 2 61 4 3 " i" 2 51 4 3 1 Wirechiels Miscellaneous Do Do Total 7 1 8 Grand total . . 1,346 2,285 3,631 1 2 21 110 23 148 45 397 32 638 NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y. 7 8 7 4 1 141 4 1 141 Do Total 142 142 8 7 8 8 7 8 10 9 8i 8 7 Battery men 15 3 241 8 7 1 "94" 1 443 610 " "i' 18 148 "12 348 15 3 241 8 8 1 18 242 1 455 968 1 Carpenters i Chauffeurs 1 Clerks 2 Do 1 4 7 1 3 36 16 ioo' Do Do 1 10 "53" Do 15 9 Total 1,148 526 1,674 15 9 12 67 -17 118 10 9 8 7 Clerks, chief 15 4 16 1 4 15 6 15 Do Do Do Total 20 20 40 9 7 8 7 = = Clerks, chief, assistant "'67' 5 10 1 1 67 6 10 Collectors Draftsmen 1 Do Total 16 15 1 CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 229 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCOTIPATIONS-Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.-Cont'd Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 17 3 2 2 1 2 1 7 3 1 5 1 4 5 6 6 10 3 7 9 1 3 1 11 21 1 14 1 4 2 1 .-„ " 1 1 6 32 343 44 82 378 60 51 203 169 311 317 2 104 2 18 54 1 43 NEW TOBK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y. 4 1 29 8 12 23 28 41 8 12 23 30 28 41 3 1 20 8 1 3 1 131 4 7 7 1 16 1 2 17 46 1 3 1 1 "u 7 33 '36' 9 70 - 35 23 6 2 1 '23' 2 49 2 25 4 78 3 25 3 12 84 44 2 21 88 141 1 18 106 76 '4' 65 64 "3' 67 71 23 43 "i" 1 37 37 91 57 161 63 38 1 2 1 134 25 230 19 182 4 129 3 138 66 1 38 3 12 1 .... 1 1 4 13 1 1 4 15 1 2 17 1 2 9 1 2 14 1 1 15 1 3 27 1 1 3 3 2 4 3 2 230 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCXTPATIONS— Cont'd. BEIL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW TORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Continued. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. ■ $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. |25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. V. Total. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. P. M. F. 7 8 7 1 13 62 1 13 62 Do Total 75 76 Engineers, assistant 7 9 g 7 74 3 94 7 74 3 94 7 Do Do Total 104 104 9 7 10 9 8 7 1 4 1 2 272 16 1 4 1 2 272 16 1 ! 1 1 Do 1 1 1 Do 291 291 1 1 8 8 8 f 2 = == 3 383 7 " "i 9 2 3 383 7 1 9 2 _ 1 6 1 Vtn 1 2 2 2 3 2 Do Total 7 12 19 1 4 2 3 1 2 9 8 8 10 9 f 7 1 169 1 5 7 "'26' 9 ■ "i' 1 169 1 5 7 1 26 9 Afflp'hini'it'! Do Do Do 47 1 48 10 9 8 7 3 7 19 3 3 7 19 3 ■ Do Do Total 32 32 9 8 7 = = 1 2 3 1 2 3 00 1 2 Do Total 6 1 6 1 ■1 ^ ' ' CHAPTEK III. — GENERAL, TABLES. 231 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, AND HOmS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW TOBK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Continued. , Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 4 26 1 8 6 13 3 9 2 2 2 2 2 9 2 18 12 30 3 9 1 4 21 1 14 15 .... 11 15 1 27 30 19 7 1 5 15 27 30 26 1 4 1 1 19 4 56 1 1 104 70 6 1 11 3 2 2 1 1 58 104 75 25 7 14 4 1 2 6 12 1 81 86 2 101 61 29 4 2 1 83 1 3 1 16 70 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 7 1 8 1 1 1 8 3 1 1 1 1 3 12 • 14 1 3 12 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 11 1 3 2 1 11 3 15 2 1 1 1 2 1 ... ! ' 232 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V — RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES. AND HOURS OF LABOR. BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BEIL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW TOBK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW TOBK, N. T.— Continued. Hours per regu- lar fuU day. Number of ployees em- Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. P. M. 4 9 8 6 F. Messengers 10 9 8 7 8 45 17 50 8 45 17 50 1 6 2 15 1 6 2 13 2 . 23 5 15 Do Do Do Total 120 120 24 22 45 27 10 9 8 7 Monitors ...... 1 76 32 16 1 75 33 17 1 1 1 Do Do Do Total 2 124 126 2 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6J Operators "i" 1 2 2 2 i,'853' 720 170 67 17 2 1 1 1,855 722 170 57 17 2 Do Do Do 6 .... 27 .... 5 .... 41 .... 77 1 33 .... 625 308 67 29 2 Do 6 2 16 2 1 Do Do 1 Do Total 6 2,819 2,825 7 18 40 152 1 1,031 10 9 8 6J 26 43 3 1 26 43 3 1 Do 1 3 Do Do 73 73 1 1 3 10 9 8 Operators, cMa, assistant. - 7 38 3 7 38 3 1 48 48 L I....1 1... L... 1 10 9 8 7 ' 96 26 4 8 95 26 4 8 I... Do 1 1 Do Do Total 133 133 1 1 8 8 7 7 8 7 9 8 7 1 3 1 5 4 1 ""b 93 2 16 58 94 3 1 5 4 1 2 16 63 1 ^ "... ! 76 7 4 Painters 1 Do Do 3 Total. . 5 76 2 64 206 14 23 81 2 64 209 14 38 1 * 7 10 9 8i 8 = = " ".V ■'is' Supervisors Do Do Do 1 Total 18 307 325 1 CHAPTER III. GENEEAL TABLES. 233 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Continued. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and imder $40. $40 and under $46. $45 and under $60. $60 and luider $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and imder $100. $100 and under $126. $126 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. a. F. M. F. 1 1 2 13 7 1 1 47 19 5 .... 13 5 1 " "i' 1 5 4 22 71 1 19 1 6 1 4 = = 1 1 1 1 "i' :::: 692 164 37 16 10 533 96 24 6 6 1 56 25 1 3 1 2 1 1 819 2 664 1 82 1 5! 1 6 5 1 12 4 1 1 3 5 2 4 1 3 10 2 5 3 2 5 3 12 18 8 7 13 1 6 31 2 1 1 6 1 1 7 39 1 1 1 9 12 1 3 78 11 2 4 6 1 1 1 1 2 26 95 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 "" 1 1 1 4 1 1 7 8 12 ...... 4 15 2 10 i' 1 3 .... 1 1 6 3 1 8 2 6 20 1 1 19 12 1 4 3 10 7 15 13 ■ '2' 12 76 1 7 27 106 13 12 4 1 1 2 3 5 7 ' .... 4 18 30 2 96 158 1 3 5 --- 7 234 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— BATES OF WAGES AND EABNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $16. $15 and \mder $20. $20 and under $25. $26 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. r. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. Switchboard men 8 8 7 8 10 9 8 7 6 7 26 1 76 2 7 8 2 2 7 25 1 76 2 7 8 2 2 Testers Treasurers, assistant Trouble men Waitresses 2 2 5 1 Do Do Do Do... Total. 21 21 10 8 8 7 Watchmen . . 30 15 1 30 15 I Wire chiefs. Do 16 16 8 8 7 Wire chiefs, assistant 10 100 1 10 109 1 1 Do Total 110 110 1 3,307 4,261 7,568 8 "iT 27 37 127 68 220 86 1,179 ■ NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 6,000 POPULATION. 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 1 ...... 2 1 4 5 1 1 1 "i" 2 1 2 2 1 1 9 4 5 1 1 1 1 Do Total 9 9 9 ol 6 1 9 3 23 3 4 2 Operators 43 9 43 9 Do Total 52 52 \^ ol 7 12 26 2 6 3 1 9 9 9 9 ""2 4 '\ 10 1 2 4 Operators, chief, assistant. . Wire chiefs 62 7 13 29 " Grand total . 29 07 96 a Under $10. 6 Including 1 under $10. CHAPTEK III. GENEEAL TABLES. 235 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIOWS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $46 and under $50. $50 and nnder $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. P. M. P. M. F. 6 10 1 3 3 4 2 2 1 3 10 61 2 5 3 1 2 1 11 .... 1 29 1 15 1 16 9 1 1 28 29 1 46 3 1 1 28 30 46 3 1 52 953 73 966 67 274 486 182 617 261 647 32 349 22 330 17 257 2 225 1 NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 5,000 POPULATION. 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 4 5 1 9 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 .... 1 3 2 2 1 7 6 .... 13 236 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V — RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A. —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOUKS OF LABOH, BY OOOTJPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NORTHWESTEBN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 5,000 TO 1S,000 POPULATION. Hours per regu- lar fuU day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. ■ $25 and jmder $30. $30 and under $36. M. P. Total. M. F. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. g 9 8 9 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 1 1 5 1 1 1 8 9 2 1 5 9 10 Clerks 1 4 2 Do 1 5 2 17 19 1 1 5 6 Collectors 6 3 2 2 4 3 35 1 12 1 7 3 2 2 4 3 35 1 12 1 Foremen 1 1 Do Total 13 13 9 f 1 19 31 3 2 48 3 33 3 Operators 138 9 2 138 9 2 Total 149 149 1 19 36 61 36 9 8S 7 1 7 1 2 Do 1 Total 8 8 1 2 Operators,cliief,assistant. . . 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 i 1 1 6 8 1 1 4 1 5 1 1 6 8 1 1 Wire chiefs 95 181 276 1 19 2 38 1 57 45 NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 16,000 TO S5,000 POPULATION. 8 8 9 8 "i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Clerks 1 Do 1 . Total 2 2 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 CoUeotors 9 9 9 9 8 "i 1 8 2 1 = Foremen * . ... Linemen • <•■ . .... 1 Managers '.'.'.'. CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 237 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIEkS— Continued. A. —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 5,000 TO 15,000 POPULATION. Niunber of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $46. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under 170. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 2 2 1 i 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 18 1 10 4 1 3 3 6 3 4 6 5 1 5 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 4 3 1 2 1 3 16 4 2 4 3 29 25 14 7 6 NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 25,000 POPULATION. 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 .... . ... 1 .... 1 .... 238 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN - 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCtrPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO SS,000 POPULATION— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar lull day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. ¥. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 10 M. F. Operators 9 8i .. ... 23 23 1 6 6 1 Do Total 24 24 6 7 10 9 8 9 Operators, chief ""2 1 1 1 1 2 Stenographers Wirechiefe Grand total 16 30 45 6 8 10 1 2 NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANT, TOWNS 35,000 POPULATION AND OVER. 9 8 1 7 1 7 1 1 Do 1 Total 8 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 Assemblers. 6 10 4 1 22 30 16 40 5 10 4 1 38 70 1 1 Cable splicers Clerks 1 3 4 .... 2 8 Do 4 Total 52 66 108 1 4 7 1 10 9 8 Clerks, chief. . 1 7 "'i' 1 8 Do Total 8 1 9 8 8 8 9 8 == Collectors 11 4 8 18 3 11 4 8 18 3 Draftsmen Engineers Foremen Do Total 21 21 9 g Inspectors 4 5 4 5 1 Do 1 1 Total 9 38 3 5 ...... ""3" 9 38 1 3 8 1 9 9 9 8 = Installers 1 . 1 ■ Instructors Janitors i 1 Do 1 i 2 Total 8 3 11 1 1 2 ^^ — CHAPTER III. — GENEEAL TABLES. 239 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A .—CLASSIFIED EATES OF WAGES, AND HOnilS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 35,000 POPULATION— Concluded. Nvunber of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $46. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 .... 4 1 1 NOBTHWESTEBN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION AND OVER. 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 8 13 1 2 3 7 2 1 ■'3' 5 3 "4" 9 8 .... 1 4 2 1 21 3 1 10 3 3 8 4 17 1 5 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 8 2 1 3 2 1 = 2 8 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 g 1 1 1 10 9 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 "i' 11 20 2 »2 1 5 1 1 2 6 — — 240 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— KATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A. —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCTIPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 26,000 POPULATION AND OVER— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. r. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Laborers 9 9 9 8 1 47 1 3 1 47 1 3 i 1 Linemen Do Total 4 4 9 9 g ""i 3 1 3 1 4 1 Do 2 1 1 Total . 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 9 9 f 1 4 309 15 1 5 309 15 1 1 56 3 1 112 6 20 75 3 Do Do Total 325 325 20 78 59 118 9 - 8 16 2 15 2 1 17 17 1 9 7 9 8 8 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 = = Operators, chief, assistant . . '"28 4 2 2 1 ■"'is 1 7 1 10 10 3 2 11 "■'ig' "36" 2 11 28 14 21 2 1 36 16 1 7 1 10 10 3 »11 1 1 "i 2 Testers 1 Wire chiefs . . Miscellaneous Do '. Total 13 13 Grand total 339 479 818 oil 1 21 2 78 7 68 5 134 PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOS ANGELES, CAL. Adjusters 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 14 2 41 4 1 42 2 ' 'i' 28 3 14 2 41 4 2 70 2 Agents Battery men 2 - Carpenters Cashiers Clerks '2' 1 Clerks, chief o Under $10. CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 241 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND H0T7IIS OF LABOB, BY OCOrPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. NORTHWESTBBN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS »5,000 POPULA- TION AND OVERr-Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and imder $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. -F. M. F. M. F. 1 2 16 3 7 18 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 41 3 1 1 5 1 45 5 3 4 2 1 4 1 ..-. 3 4 1111 3 5 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 ■■5' 8 8 "V 18 1 "2 3 2 .... 2 1 "4' 20 "i' 13 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 6 1 .... 1 1 5 4 1 1 1 1 5 4 1 1 1 9 93 12 36 33 9 50 15 80 9 76 4 36 11 .... 8 9 1 PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 1 1 . .} 1 .... 2 U 1 ' ! 1 1 ....' 2 1....1 1 '....'.... ■ ' ' 1 20 1 5 1 X i 1 2 15 ........ ■ i 1 .... 1 1 1 ! 1 10 1 4 4 11 6 13 1 9 4 .... 1 .... 2 1 1 ' 29490— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- -16 242 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table Y — BATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A..— CLASSIFIED SATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTIIS OF LABOK, BY OCCTTPATIOHS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOS ANGELES, CAL.— Concluded. Hours •per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation, ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Collectors 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 14 1 1 37 34 1 32 •-■-j- 1 79 1 ""6 1 ""2 25 2 ■■■j- 26 6 9 4 1 3 - -j- 7 10 "i' ""s" "325' 13 3 23 ""b "'ih' ""3 '"'i' '"'i' 14 1 1 37 34 1 32 1 7 1 79 1 8 6 326 13 3 23 2 25 2 8 4 36 7 26 6 9 4 4 3 1 2 7 11 Foremen Inspectors... . . Installers ^.. .. 1 4 6 1 89 71 Operators, chief, assistant. . . 22 1 2 Switchboard men, appren- Swltchboard men, helper . . . Switchboard men, junior. . . Telegraph operators 1 Wftltrp«wes 1 Wire chiefs Total 432 451 883 ?3 7 93 3 78 PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PORTLAND, OREG. 1 I 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 S 10 1 1 7 2 "26" 3 16 1 1 4 3 17 ...... 10 1 1 7 2 1 51 3 15 1 1 4 3 17 Blacksmiths . . . • 1 1 Collectors Draftsmen Do Total 20 1 2 15 3 20 1 2 15 3 8 8 8 8 == 1 1 1 Inspectors I'--- 1 Janitors ::;:i;:::" CHAPTER III. — GENEKAL TABLES. 243 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTKS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOS ANGELES, CAL.— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and imder $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 1 29 34 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 25 4 1 25 1 5 R 43 : .... 1 3 1 94 1 51 1 18 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 i .... 1 1 24 1 1 3 4 2 2 4 9 7 7 1 2 5 14 8 1 1 9 4 1 1 2 1 1 - 1 .... 6 1 1 4 2 2 1 4 114 1 69 2 42 83 23 45 7 46 1 12 1 149 64 2 PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY PORTLAND OREG. 1 1 8 .... 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 2 1 1 1 7 ! 1 5j.... 2 3 15 1 11 4 ].... 1 1 1 1 } 1 _ 3j.... I'"" 1 ^ 1 1 1 1.... 1 4 1 [ 1 3 1 3 |.... 12 2 i f 1 1 1 3 ^^ 3 i 12 2 .... , == = 1 = 1 2 1 8 i.... 1 1 5 2 244 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES ' IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOtTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PORTLAND, OREG.— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar tuU day. Number of em- Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. employees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Laborers . 9 8 U 9 11 Do ,-.-- 9 Total 20 20 = = 10 9 8 1 14 49 1 14 49 Do Do 64 64 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 1 ""s "'i' 1 1 2 ""i" 275 9 3 18 "■'3' 1 4 5 1 275 9 3 18 1 4 1 2 1 1 5 90 46 Operators, chief, assistant. . . 18 Do Total 3 ■ 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 ■""ii' 11 2 4 12 1 13 17 1 8 8 7 ""28" 1 28 11 11 2 4 12 1 13 17 1 8 8 . J i Switchboard men, appren- tice Switchboard men, junior . . Telegraph operators Trouble men, junior Wlremen, apprentice ..... 1 . 303 367 670 I 1 19 5 91 . 48 PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 8 8 8 12 8 8 8 12 8 7 18 2 1 61 15 2 14 9 7 18 2 1 61 15 2 14 9 1 Blacksmiths 1 1 1 Cashiers Chauffeurs, drivers, hostlers, Do 1 Total 23 23 j 1 1 = CHAPTER III. — GENEEAL TABLES. 245 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PEHIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF LABOR, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PORTLAND, OBEG.— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $60. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under , $100. $100 and under $126. $125 and over. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 11 4 J 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 15 2 1 1 2 3 12 9 3 2 22 ■.... 10 21 6 3 2 22 '..-. 10 1 1 1 42 81 1 3 6 2 2 1 1 ' 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 4 4 9 ' ■2 6 .... 1 2 8 1 3 2 1 1 2 7 4 1 1 12 16 t 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 4 1 1 - 1 1 3 94 1 52 2 28 61 22 61 8 42 3 14 .... 78 40 .... 6 .... PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANT, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. i 3 12 \ 1 1 1 3 .... 1 .... 1 1 1 11 leC 4 1 1 5 1 .... 24 1 12 2 9 3 1 4 4 1 1 1 12 1 .... 8 .... 1 = 246 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— EATES OF' WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WA.GES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY 000T7PATI0NB— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.— Conoid. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. employees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Clerks 8 8 I 8 12 12 8 8 8 8 8 12 8 51 3 32 1 1 1 1 60 42 1 85 1 18 2 74 125 3 32 1 1 1 1 60 44 1 85 7 18 2 1 7 3 2 Clerks, chief Collectors, chief Elevator conductors Engineers Inspectors, chief Instructors Do Total 20 20 8 12 89 2 89 2 Bo Total . . . 91 91 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 8 Linemen 100 2 1 ""is' ...... 1 ""h 33 1 6 1 "25" 3 5 2 2 11 15 fl 2 1 '"'h' ""2 506 16 6 74 ■"26' ■■■56' ""3 106 2 1 6 18 2 509 17 6 74 6 33 21 6 1 50 25 3 6 2 5 11 15 6 2 1 3 Messengers 2 1 13 2 Operators 01 196 1 83 Operators, chief, assistant . . 73 1 stock keepers Switchboard men ■■"■] 1 Switchboard men, appren- tice : 1 Switchboard men, helper. . . Switchboard men, junior. . . Telegraph operators Testers Trouble men Do Total .- 3 3 8 8 8 Wire chiefs 4 3 15 785 ...... 766 4 3 16 1,651 Wiremen Miscellaneous 2 al 1 == 6 Grand total 14 1 07A 88 1 ■" <• Under $10. CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 247 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A. CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND H0I7IIS OF LABOR, B7 OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SAN FBANCISCO, CAL.— Conol'd. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 arid under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 20 1 1] 1 16 9 12 5 4 14 3 12 4 2 1 10 18 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 8 25 "i' 47 1 1 1 1 7 2 10 "i" 24 4 1 .... 9 39 4 14 1 14 5 1 1 83 5 2 1 83 7 3 1 15 3 79 1 3 2 71 2 41 1 .... 95 2 16 4 2 ■E. 2 4 1 1 4 3 1 1 5 2 1 3 31 1 6 9 3 1 .... 1 2 .... 4 .... 1 7 26 ...... 1 1 1 12 5 2 4 1 15 1 ■■ 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 , 1 1 3 1 1 3 10 5 1 1 1 2 1 ... '• 4 1 1 4 1 6 2 2 1 1 4 100 3 60 1 125 23 70 163 27 154 15 46 2 243 2 97 28 248 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOB., BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGBAPH COMPANY, SEATTLE, WASH. Hours per regu- lar lull day. Number of employees. Number of employees wbose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Agents 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 1 i 6 1 2 14 2 13 1 1 2 16 1 5 17 "'l' 62 28 1 ■"e" "24' 4 ■■■"2" ...... 30 ■' 'i' ""2 267 6 6 30 ■•■j- 12 1 6 6 1 3 44 2 13 1 1 2 16 1 5 17 1 4 52 28 1 7 6 2 267 6 6 30 24 7 4 27 5 27 3 2 4 10 2 1 1 1 6 8 Battery men Cable spHcers Carpenters Clerks ...J....I 2 7 Clerks chief j 1 ■■■■■-_ I __ 1 1 2 "'4' 3 1 2 • 86 .... 47 Operators, chief, assistant . . Operators, student 30 1 ....,.\ 27 5 1 1 Switchboard men, appren- tice 27 3 2 1^ 10 2 1 1 1 6 8 ■'3' Switchboard men, helper . . . Switchboard men, junior . . . Telegraph operators ■"■'I' ■ Total . -- 284 389 673 2 32 4 91 56 aOCKT MOUNTAIN BELL, TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Si 8 5 4 6 1 13 1 1 ...... 5 4 6 1 13 1 1 2 76 Cable splicers Carpenters Clerks 2 Do .- 54 21 1 3 3 ■ Total 54 23 77 1 3 3 = CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES, 249 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Coatinued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, B7 OCCnPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SEATTLE, WASH. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. r. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 7 1 3 . 1 1 4 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 g 4 1 8 1 4 2 1 9 3 1 1 2 16 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 7 1 2 4 1 14 28 1 35 1 1 1 1 2 70 43 2 3 2 3 2 1 ""2 1 4 18 6 2 1 8 9 6 2 1 20 5 2 . ...| - . 2 1 2 2 """3' 4 1 i 1 1 1 1 6 ^ 4 3 1 1 82 55 1 32 56 27 40 9 54 4 18 1| 76 29 3 BOCKT MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1 3 1 "i' 2 1 9 1 1 2 9 2 18 11 3 5 1 1 6 1 9 1 - 1 2 9 2 18 11 3 5 .... 1 250 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table T.— RA.TES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH-Conol'd. Hours per regu- lar tuU day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30and- under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M, F. M. F. Clerks, chief 8 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 8 8 8 8 8 8i 9 8i 8 7 6 12 ""2 1 1 7 1 1 1 22 2 1 29 1 ""2 ""2 ...... ""2 7 66 7 2 6 12 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 22 2 1 29 1 1 2 2 7 66 7 2 Slevator conductors 2 Engineers, assistant 1 3 13 15 Do 2 82 82 17 16 9 8 1 3 1 3 Total 4 4 f 8 8 8 9 8 a 3 = "'i' 1 1 3 3 1 9 1 6 3 3 2 10 1 3 1 6 3 Secretaries, assistant Do Total 10 10 9 8 5 2 5 2 Total 7 7 9 8 9 8 12 9 8 = 7 1 7 1 2 1 2 7 1 7 1 2 1 2 Wire chiefs Do Do Total 6 5 207 138 345 2 3 3 17 3 20 CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 251 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.^.— CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, AND HOUBS OF LABOR, BY OCCXTFATIOK'S— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. ROCKT MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH— Conoid. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and imder $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $126 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 3 2 1 1 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 ■12 3 3 2 3 1 1 16 12 1 1 1 1 4 38 1 6 43 6 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 3 ' 4 5 4 .... 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 1 2 5 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 56 2 21 3 6 24 6 42 4 32 5 23 .... 38 18 16 252 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, ATLANTA, GA. Hburs per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. S25 and under $30. $30 and under $39. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 8 8 9 8 12 11 9 f 6 4 6 6 2 1 1 1 13 1 6 ""'i' 1 ■-■j- 3 4 1 1 6 6 2 2 2 1 20 4 10 1 1 Do Do 1 3 Do 1 Do 1 1 1 1 Total 22 17 39 1 4 1 3 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 6J 1 1 3 1 4 4 1 2 1 ::•.'.:'. 1 1 3 1 4 4 1 2 1 1 2 Messengers and office boys.. 1 1 1 Total 3 3 2 1 8J 9 8i =^ 1 1 72 66 1 73 66 8 8 1 22 17 26 21 47 12 18 30 Do Total 1 138 139 16 1 39 ;== 9 8i 5 1 5 1 2" 6 6 2 8 9 8 = Operators, chief, assistant.. "ii' 1 2 1 "'i' 1 21 1 1 2 3 3 9 8i 6 7 6 7 13 13 9 9 8J 9 9 == 1 1 1 "i 1 1 1 2 1 1 Wlrfl phlfifs 49 3 sT 85 179 264 3 17 2 43 1 1 CHAPTER III. — GENEBAL TABLES. 253 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTFATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, ATLANTA, GA. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and oyer. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 4 1 • 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 .... "'"i" 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 3 6 2 3 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 - 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 = 1 7 13 ..-. 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 2 5 3 1 4 4 8 1 1 1 1 1 ■^ — 1 , 10 5 1 14 2 13 1 4 17 4 26 2 5 6 .... 4 254 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BT OCCUPATION'S— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. SOUTHERN BELL, TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BIBMINGHAM, ALA. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and imder $26. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 10 10 9 10 10 9 3 4 1 1 3 9 ■■■■3' 6 3 7 1 1 9 9 Cable spncers * Clerks 1 2 Do Total 12 6 18 1 2 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 10 13 10 9i 9 4 1 1 4 10 4 1 ...... '"•"•i 2 6 60 6 1 4 1 1 5 10 4 1 2 2 6 60 6 1 Foremen . . .... Installers 1 1 1 8 Laborers 1 2 2 5 .... 2 17 6 .... 2 27 11 Do Do Total 73 73 7 25 .... 29 11 10 13 9 1 1 17 1 2 1 17 Do Total 18 18 10 10 10 9 9 ...... 2 1 1 7 1 7 1 2 1 3 Traffic chiefs Miscellaneous Grand total 69 96 165 10 1 25 9 30 1 16. SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, RICHMOND, VA. Clerks 9 9 9 (a) 2 2 45 12 2 2 45 12 1 1 4 5 15 2 21 4 .... Do Total 57 57 17 25 9 9 9 9 3 1 3 3 1 3 Operators, chief, assistant. . . Supervisors 68 68 17 26 10 <> Not reported. CHAPTEE III. — GENEKAl, TABLES. 255 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIOITS— Ckint'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 80TJTHEBN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BIRMINGHAM, ALA. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $46. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 2 .... 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 "i 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 4 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 .... 10 1 1 1 .... 5 10 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 6 4 6 2 1 12 1 19 1 8 4 1 4 2 SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, RICHMOND, VA. 1 1 4 1 1 .... 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 2 .... 9 4 1 1 256 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS jl.^CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIOITS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. U. F. •1 9 8J 1 2 1 1 5 13 10 8 1 2 1 1 15 21 Clerks 3 1 'i' 3 1 Do 1 Total 18 18 36 1 4 1 4 riprks chief 9 9 9 8 10 1 9 1 1 5 1 10 2 9 ""2 1 9 1 1 5 1 10 2 3 9 2 Elevator conductors 1 2 9 2 11 2 1 9 9 16 1 1 16 1 1 Do 2 2 9 9 8 1 2 5 2 2 6 2 1 5 2 1 7 8 1 7 9 9 1' 1 136 13 47 2 1 36 1 136 13 47 2 1 36 32 5 10 ... 41 :::: 43 2 23 1 6 7 1 1 14 Do Do 20 2 Total 235 235 67 70 71 9 5 4 2 1 6 1 4 3 7 • 8 9 8 '.;:;: 6 1 1 6 1 1 6 Do Total 2 2 9 8 Supervisors 11 11 11 11 Do 2 1 Total 22 22 2 1 CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 257 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AHD HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. SlOO and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 .... 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 3 6 2 1 1 3 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 6 1 1 6 1 1 6 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 18 .... 7 25 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .... 1 1 . .- - . . . - 5 8: 6 .... .... 13 6 29480— S. Don. 380. fil-2 17 258 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF lAbOR, BY OOCTTPATIOITS— Cont'd. BEII TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX.-Concl'd. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Supervisors, chief 9 5 2 2 2 2 Do..... Total 4 4 9 8 " •• • Switchboard men 8 1 2 8 1 2 Testers Do Total 3 3 3 9 9 2 3 4 ""2 2 3 6 2 Wire chiefs 1 2 Grand total 105 307 412 6 3 2 78 76 2 76 INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY, MO. 8J f 9 8i 9 8i 8 1 3 6 1 3 10 ""i' ""s 6 1 3 6 1 1 3 18 6 Bookkeepers 2 Do 4 4 Do 1 Total 13 14 27 -■ ... 2 1 8 8i 11 9 9 8 Clerks chief 2 16 1 2 11 2 2 16 1 2 11 2 Do Total 13 13 -. 8i 9 8 Foremen, general 1 1 1 1 1 1 Do Total 2 2 9 8 9 8J 7 1 10 1 7 1 1 10 Instructors 1 Janitors . . .... 1 2 Do Total . 11 11 ... 3 9 9 8 16 43 16 43 ? 2 1 "2 Matroiis CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 259 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OP THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTSS OF LABOB, BY OCCTIPATIOlirS— Cont'd. BELl TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX Concl'd. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $60. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. r. . M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F., M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 1 ...- 1 .... 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 "" 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 10 47 7 13 18 13 6 17 2 26 2 1 3 1 INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY, MO. 10 26 260 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Continued. HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY. MO.-Conoluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $?5. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Messengers f 3 3 ..... 15 1 ""2 3 2 2 1 Do! 1 1 Total 2 365 17 4 33 6 365 18 4 33 15 1 2 1 1 195 3 1 59 4 1 32 Operators 8 8 8 8 9 8 Ill = Operators, chief Operators, chief, assistant . . Operators, senior 1 Hepair men DO' Total 16 16 11 9 8i 1 Solicitors 3 1 1 1 ■3 3 4 1 1 ... Stock keeper Do Total 2 2 f 9 9 9 9 Superintendents .... 3 "3 6 3 17 "53 3 53 3 6 3 17 "'9 '27' 2 ftwitritihnarii mp.n Wire chiefs Wire men . 1 3 196 495 691 -■ 2 - 1 113 3 210 7 135 HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY. Clerks 9 S 5 3 .6 3 1 3 Do 1 2 Total 8 8 1 1 2 3 9 9 8 7 5 Monitors 1 64 8 15 38 1 64 8 15 38 1 Operators 5 1 15 25 4 34 3 Do Do Do. 38 Total 125 125 38 21 29 37 9 8 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 Do . . Do 1 ■ Total. . 3 3 1 9 8 Operators, chief, assistant... Do 1 1 1 1 1 Total 2 2 1 9 5 == = 1 Supervisors., 6 3 6 3 Do 2 Total 9 9 2 4 148 148 38 22 30 42 9 CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 261 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HO0ES OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Continued. HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY, MO.— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— J35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under 150. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100.and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 ' ' 6 2 i 1 2 1 1 1 1 13 1 2 13 1 1 ■■ 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 5 2 3 1 i 8 21 31 7 16 2 21 2 22 1 55 1 20 6 2 2 HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY LOUISVILLE, KY 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 " 1 1 1 1 '1 "" 1 3 3 4 2 1 262 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EAROTNGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED HATES OF WAGES, AND HOUKS OF LABOK, BY OCCTTPATIOWS— C!ont'd INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. MARTLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMOBE, MD. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. r. Total. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Clerks 9 9 9 10 9} 9 "i" 2 1 1 1 S3 23 2 1 1 1 54 23 1 Matrons 1 1 35 3 Do 1 1 13 14 1 Do Total. 1 77 78 1 14 21 39 1 I' 1 4 1 4 1 1 Do Total 5 5 2 9 9 C) ""i' 1 3 1 1 3 2 Hi 1 1 al Grand total 2 91 93 2 a2 15 24 ....1 42 .... 2 1 AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. BOSTON, MASS. Clerks 9 8 6 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 Do Total 8 8 3 9 8 ...... 1 1 1 Total 1 1 2 8 9 9 8 2 "'i' 38 2 6 5 2 1 38 2 6 5 8 1 6 2 .... 7 1 Do Total 51 51 17 8 8 6 2 1 2 1 Do Total .... 3 3 8 9 6 Operators, chief assistant. . . 1 1 4 2 2 4 2 6 6 8 8 8 stenographers . . . .. 1 1 1 1 1 78 Telegraph operators Traffic chiels ... 11 Grand total 5 1 73 17 a Under $10. 1 Not reported. CHAPTER m. — GENERAL TABLES. 263 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Ckjnt'd. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. MARYLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD. Number of employees whose monthly rates were- $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under . $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. BOSTON. MASS. 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 11 9 2 1 3 14 9 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 15 12 « 2 264 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Ta,ble v.— rates of wages AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BT OCCUPATIOITS— Ck)nt'd. AMEBICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. CHICAGO, ILL. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— ^ Occupation. ployees. Under 115. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $36. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Clerks 9 8 1 4 4 10 5 14 Do 1 2 Total 5 14 19 1 2 f Clerks, chief 1 '"i" 1 1 Do Total 1 1 2 9 6 1 1 1 1 Do Total 2 2 8 9 7 5 1 "'i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 Do 1 Total 2 2 1 f 6 2 = ...... 2 ""2 2 1 2 Do 1 Do 2 1 4 5 4 1 9 6 1 1 1 1 Do 2 2 9 8J 69 1 1 32 69 1 1 32 1 39 6 Do Do 15 4 Total . . . 103 103 1 54 10 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 Do Do Total 3 3 9 8i f Operators, chief, assistant . . 1 2 2 5 2 4 1 2 2 5 2 4 oupgvisors Do Do . " Total 13 13 8 7 8J Telegraph operators .... ...... 1 1 1 1 1 Traffic chiefs , assistant Grand total 10 149 1 1.59 4 1 1 66 1--- 12 1 1 CHAPTEE III. — GENERAL TABLES. 265 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOITRS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIONS— Cont'd. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. CHICAGO, ILL. Number of eiliployees whose monthly rates were — $35- and under $40. S40 and under :$46. $45 and under ■$50. $50 and under $60. .$60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. (125 and over. M. F. •M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 3 2 1 1 « 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 .... 2 3 = 3 12 1 1 8 5 17 18 3 1 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .... 2 2 5 1 3 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 4 ^^^^ 19 2 1 28 9 14 1 4 2 1 266 TELEPHONE IKVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES, AND HOUKS OF LABOB, BY OCCtrPATIONS— Cont'd. AMEEICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. CINCINNATI, OHIO. Hours per regu- lar JuU day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were — Occupation. Under $16. $15 and . under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Clerks 9 8J 1 2 1 2 # Do 1 Total 3 3 1 9 9 9 f Inspectors 1 ...... 18 2 6 1 1 18 2 6 Messengers 1 4 2 4 3 Do . . . Do. 2 Total 26 26 10 5 9 8 8J 9 8 ] 1 1 A 1 1 1 1 4 1 Operators, chief, assistant. . . Stenograpbers . Do Total 5 5 Grand total 1 38 39 . 1 11 5 KANSAS CITY, MO. 9i 9J 9 8 1 2 i 1 1 2 4 1 1 Do ^ 3 1 Do. Total 7 7 4 9i 1 1 Grand total 1 8 9 1 4 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Clerks 9 9- 8i 7i 3 9 2 2 3 9 2 2 4 1 1 3 1 Do Do Total 13 13 6 4 9 85 1 1 1 1 Do... Total. 2 2 4 Grand total 18 18 6 CHAPTEB 111. — GENERAL TABLES. 267 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, AND HOTJKS OF LABOK, BY OCCUPATIONS— Ck)nt'd. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGEAPH COMPANY— Continued. CmCINNATX, OHIO. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $46. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $126. $125 and over. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 - 1 1 1 1 10 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 11 4 3 1 2 1 KANSAS CITY, MO. 2 1 3 1 3 TTTT ~. 1 MINNEAFOUS, MINN. 1 1 1 1 2 1 J 1 3 3 1 1 268 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table Y.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A — CI^SSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIOITS— Cont'd. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEOSAPH COMPANY— Continued. NEW YORK, N. T. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and imder $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Clerks 10 8 7 f ""2 1 8 5 6 1 1 8 7 7 1 1 Do 1 Do Do Do Total 3 21 24 1 8 9 8 7 Clerks phief 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Do 2 2 4 9 9 8 1 2 1 1 2 1 Do 3 3 8J 10 9 7 6J 2 126 7 30 24 2 126 7 30 24 1 1 12 7 1 7 6 Do 4 Do Total 187 187 16 21 9 8 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 Do Total 3 3 9 8 9 7 6 Operators, chief, assistant 4 2 28 1 7 4 2 28 1 7 Supervisors . . : -. Do Total 36' 36 8 9 8 7 Telegraph operators Traffic fihlel^ ■""4" 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 Do Do Total 6 1 6 Onvnd t^tni 13 261 274 1 1 1 16 21 CHAPTER III. — GENEKAIi TABLES. 269 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF LABOR, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BT OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. AUERICAK TELEPHONE AND TELE6BAPH COMPANY— Continued. NEW YORK, N. T. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and tmder $100. $100 and under $126. $125 and over. M F. M F. M. F M. F. M. F. M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 6 1 3 "i" 1 1 1 1 1 1 .... 1 .... 1 1 1 3 3 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 22 4 6 3 61 2 7 7 24 10 ' 3 7 3 1 35 67 34 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 12 1 3 16 1 3 1 19 16 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 . .. . 36 73 39 45 2 1 23 1 3 4 4 1 2 1 270 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V — RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS A — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTJPATIONS— Ctont'd. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued . PHTLADELFHIA, PA. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. • M. F. M. F. Clerks 8 6 1 12 1 13 1 Do Total 1 13 1 ""l 2 61 3 6 13 14 1 1 1 2 1 51 3 6 13 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 6 Clerks, chief '"'i' ' "i" Inspectors Instructors Matrons 2 Messengers Operators 2 5 16 1 1 4 Do Do 1 2 Do Total 73 73 2 8 22 8 8 Operators, chief 1 2 1 1 2 1 Operators, chief, assistant . . Do Total 3 3 8 8 6 1 9 2 1 9 2 Supervisors Do Total 11 11 8 Trafl5c chiefs, assistant 2 2 5 106 HI 1 2 8 24 PITTSBURG, PA. Clerks 9 8J 1 2 1 2 1 Do 1 Total 3 3 1 ^1 9 7 64 Clerks, chief 1 1 21 9 3 1 1 21 9 3 2 1 1 3 1 5 3 1 Do Do Total 33 33 3 5 9 8 Operators, chief 1 1 1 1 1 1 Operators, chief, assistant. . . Do... Total 2 2 = = CHAPTEB III. — GBNEEAL TABLES. 271 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. A.— CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOB, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd AMEBICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 ani under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 9 1 3 1 10 3 1 1 1 1 16 2 1 4 9 3 3 3 1 1.... 23 15 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 ,. 1 1 4 2 5 4 1 I 1 1 1 .... 23 27 12 1 6 2 X 1 1 1 PITTSBURG, PA. 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 5 5 6 ■ 1 1 1 2 , ■ ■ 272 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Taple v.— rates of wages and earnings of employees in 1908, as reported BY OFFICIALS A.— CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES, ASH HOURS OF LABOS, BT OCCUFATIOITS— Cont'd. AMEBICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. PITTSBURG, PA.— Concluded. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees^ whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. r. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. r. 8i 9 7 1 4 1 1 4 1 Supervisors Do Total 5 5 8 8i Telegraph operators "i 1 1 1 3 46 49 3 5 10 ST.LOUIS, MO . Clerks •10 9 8i 3 1 1 17 3 3 1 1 17 3 1 3 6 2 Do 20 20 3 8 8i 8 9 7 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 9 Traffic >ehiefs, assistant 1 1 1 1 = ^ 3 8 1 30 31 B — STIMMABY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BT OCCUPATIONS. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 1 4 7 ...... 4 7 1 4 Do Do 15 1 16 8§ 8 = = 10 28 10 28 38 38 10 9 85 8} 8 7 A pnt Including 1 under $10. c Including 2 under $10. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 285 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. B.— SUMMABY, FOB. TELEPHONE STSTEUS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTJHS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIONS— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and under $45. $45 and under $50. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and imder $125. $125 and over. M. r. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 :::: 15 10 5 7 1 47 21 8 16 1 i' 13 5 1 1 ""2 1 2 6 4 38 .... 93 1 20 2 9 4 1 3 3 5 16 1 1 1 3 1 670 577 1 56 1 ::::::::: 6 "i 444 119 754 747 3 "i ,120 168 505 303 .... 26 4 3 1 26 160 ""3 6 25 3 1 3 6 16 1 2 1 .... 7 10 4 i 6 29 16 36 .... 8 1 2 1 15 2,838 29 1,713 a 270 12 38 4 3 1 1 = = 2 2 4 6 6 1 .... "i" 3 21 .... 10 31 "2 8 19 ""2 11 17 ...... 14 8 3 22 24 1 1 2 9 11 2 9 16 "'"i" 4 4 1 5 4 4 10 .... 1 1 .... 14 15 1 .... 15 21 7 15 29 33 :;:;:; 1 2 1 i Including IS under $10. «Not reported. /Including 17 under $10. 286 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS B— STTMMARY, FOK TELEPHONE STSTEUS, OF CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES, ATStD HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCOTTPATIOITS— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Contimied. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. ployees. Under $15. $15 and under $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. r. Operators, chief 6i 6 f ""3 1 2 7 5 ■36' 1 1 1 1 2 - 7 5 3 30 1 1 1 Do 1 3 Do. Do 1 Do Do.. 1 1 1 Do Do 1 Do... Total. 38 548 586 1 1 27 — 65 10 !> P e 5i 5 Operators, chief, assistant. . Do "'i' 9 1 79 3 6 39 1 1 1 9 1 80 3 6 39 1 1 1 1 Do 1 13 .... 5 Do Do. Do 2 Do Do.. Do Total 1 140 141 1 15 6 10 9 f 7 f 95 79 27 20 8 2 1 95 79 27 20 8 2 1 Do 3 1 1 18 4 14 Do Do Do Do 2 1 Do Total- 232 232 5 39 10 9 f 7 5 Operators, student "io "io" 35 26 30 380 186 30 35 36 30 390 186 30 26 = 9 i>ll 30 9' ■23' 1 124 175 34 "3 169 ■3" 1 Do..... Do Do 82 4 Do Do Total. 20 687 707 d79 9 323 =;= 196 3 83 1 4 10 9 8J 8 1 6 2 16 1 6 2 IS Do ■■ Do Do Total 24 5 1 1 24 5 1 I Paymasters 7 = = Do Do Total 7 7 Paymasters, assistant 8 7 2 5 2 5 Do Total 7 7 ... = =^ = <• Not reported. i> Under $10. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 287 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. B.— SUUMAB.Y, FOB. TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AITD HOUBS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— S3&aind under $40. $40 and imder $45. $45 and under ISO. $50 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. SlOO and under $125. $125 and over. M. , F. M. F. M. F. M. F. , M. F. M. F. M. F- M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 6 3 10 8 1 1 1 64 5 83 3 50 12 100 10 83 3 48 2 18 16 1 3 1 6 1 1 3 .... 10 .... 6 .... 1 9 1 32 2 3 8 1 - 6 1 2 4 .... 7 .... .... 9 8 .... 1 1 19 14 9 1 18 51 7 1 22 22 1 9 23 78 12 6 1 1 .... 1 3 .... 2 4 1 1 46 36 96 8 2 . ■ 5 1 .... 1 .... 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 .... 1 2 2 1 5 1 2 2 7 3 3 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 .... 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 , c Including 1 under $10. rflneludlng 15 under $10. 288 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS B.— SUMMARY, FOB. TELEPHONE STSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED SATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIOITS— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Hours per regu- lar full day. Number of em- ployees. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— Occupation. Under $15. $15 and nnder $20. $20 and under $25. $25 and under $30. $30 and under $35. M. F. Total. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Photographers S 10 9 1 4 1 1 4 1 Porters 1 1 Do Total 5 5 1 1 13 10 9 8 7 Repairmen 1 5 311 361 1 1 5 311 361 1 Do Do Do A Do 1 .. .. Total 679 679 1 6 8 8 7 *' Roofers 4 1 1 1 4 2 1 Secretaries, assistant Do Total 2 1 3 9 9 8 9 105 4 4 9 105 3 1 Do Total 114 114 8 10 9 g Stationers 1 " "33" "h' 2 6 Including 2 under $10. Not reported. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 301 CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. B.— SUMMAEY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES, AND HOTTRS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. Number of employees whose monthly rates were— $35 and under $40. $40 and imder $45. $45 and under $50. $S0 and under $60. $60 and under $70. $70 and under $80. $80 and under $90. $90 and under $100. $100 and under $125. $125 and over. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F M. F/ M. F. 1 1 - 1 ... 1 1 6 2 .... 2 2 1 1 7 2 2 1 2 1 .... 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 13 1 2 13 1 1 2 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 " 1 2 5 14 .... 1 19 .... 1 1 1 2 .... 1 1 3 1 1 2 5 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 6 1 1 " ... 8 32 31 10 16 2 21 2 22 55 1 20 6 2 2 .... 302 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. ^"^^^i^S-r^Yi^^-^TES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908. AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. *^"-^^^^SS5, ^^° ^^^ CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EAKNINGS DURING THE S5.\?£S^l^-^-,^*'^-*0^L PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were— Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specifieof rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. . Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. BELL TELEPHONE CO. OF MISSOURI, ST. LOUIS, MO. Under JIO v JlO and under HIS 1 9 120 189 142 114 87 87 165 115 119 66 50 21 12 1 6 66 97 79 66 49 52 94 67 58 36 18 19 12 100.00 66.67 40.67 51.32 55.63 67.89 56.32 59.77 56.97 58.26 48.74 53.03 36.00 90.48 100.00 J15 and under $20 3 44 72 52 42 34 28 64 17 46 14 24 1 33.33 36.67 38.10 36.62 36.84 39.08 32.18 32.73 14.78 38.66 21.21 48.00 4.76 $20 and under $25 20 20 11 6 4 7 17 31 16. 17 8 1 16.67 10.68 7.75 5.26 4.60 8.05 10.30 26.96 12.61 25.76 16.00 4.76 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $60 $60 and under $60 j . $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 .- $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over Total 1,297 431 33.23 709 54.66 157 12 10 BELL TELEPHONE CO. OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Under $10 5 2 50 272 324 240 96 69 8 11 7 1 20.00 4 1 27 99 131 133 95 69 8 11 7 80.00 50.00 46.76 36.40 40.43 55.42 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 $16 and under $20.. 1 22 131 149 77 50 00 $20 and under $26 10 42 44 30 _ 16.95 15.44 13.58 12.60 $26 and under $30.. 48 16 45.99 836 and under $40 . 32 08 $45 and under $50 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 1 1 100.00 $100 and under S125 Total 1,093 127 11.62 586 53.61 380 CENTKAL DISTEICT AND FEINTING TELEGEAPH CO., PITTSBURG, PA. Under $10 8 33 42 86 361 168 101 66 43 139 166 213 68 62 60 39 7 29 16 37 171 107 62 47 37 106 136 165 66 43 60 39 87.60 87.88 38.10 43.02 47.37 63.69 51.49 71.21 86.05 76.26 82.42 77.46 96.56 82.69 100.00 100.00 1 2 24 35 131 39 35 17 4 14 19 28 1 2 $10 and under 315 2 2 14 69 22 14 2 2 19 10 20 1 7 6.06 4.76 16.28 16.34 13.10 13.86 3.03 4.65 13.67 6.06 9.39 1.72 13.46 6 06 $15 and under 820 57.14 40.70 36.29 23.21 34.65 25.76 9.30 10.07 11.62 13.16 1.72 3.86 S25 and under S30 $35 and under S40 $45 and under $50 $60 and under $70 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 . . - $100 and under $126 8125 and over Total 1,624 174 10.71 : 1,098 67.61 352 21.67 CHAPTER III. GBNEEAL TABLES. 303 Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were— Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. CENTRAL UNION TELEPHONE CO., INDIANAP- OLIS, INC. Under $10 $10 and under $15 3 22 82 79 38 27 21 24 32 31 21 6 3 1 11 24 29 17 10 7 4 3 3 1 33.33 50.00 29.27 36.71 44.74 37.04 33.33 16.67 9.38 9.68 4.76 2 9 53 45 14 16 12 19 27 25 18 6 1 66.67 40.91 64.63 66.96 36.84 55.56 57.14 79.17 84.38 80.65 86.71 100.00 33.33 $15 and under $20 2 5 5 7 2 2 1 2 3 2 9.09 $20 and under $25 6.10 $25 and under $30 6.33 $30 and under $35. 18.42 7.41 $40 and under $45 9.52 4.17 $50 and under $60 -. . . 6.25 $60 and under $70 9.68 $70 and under $80 9.52 $80 and under $90 2 C6.67 $100 and under $125. . . $125 and over Total 389 110 28.28 246 63.24 33 8.48 CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE CO., BALTIMOKE, MD. Under$10 $10 and under $15 8 31 34 73 263 15 20 6 5 8 28 33 64 220 14 18 5 5 100. 00 90.33 97.06 87.63 83.65 93.33 90.00 83.33 100.00 $15 and under $20 3 1 6 33 1 1 1 9.68 2.94 3 10 4.11 3.80 8.22 $30 and under $35 12.55 $35 and under $40 6.67 1 6.00 5.00 16.67 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 100.00 100. 00 50.00 100.00 100.00 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 . . 1 50 00 $125 and over . . Total - .... 464 14 3.01 403 86.85 47 10.13 CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE CO., WASHINGTON, D. C. Under $10 $10 and under $15 1 61 48 41 162 12 18 4 2 3 3 1 2 1 53 44 38 126 10 17 4 2 3 3 1 2 100.00 86.89 91.67 92.68 77.78 83.33 94.44 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100.00 100.00 100.00 $15 and under $20 5 3 1 30 2 8.20 6.25 2.44 18.52 16.67 3 1 2 6 4.92 2.08 $25 and under $30 4.88 $30 and under $35 3.70 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 ■ 1 5.56 $45 and under $50 ... $60 and under $70 ... $80 and under $90 $125 and over . 1 1 100. 00 Total 359 41 11.42 305 84.96 13 3.62 304 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V — RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NUMBER AND PEE CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were— Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than lull time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. Under 810 4 9 325 770 , 549 ' 917 865 643 442 1,301 638 670 425 195 188 56 4 6 21 92 60 106 116 112 142 506 349 339 184 107 148 61 100.00 66.67 6.46 11.95 10.93 11.56 13.41 17.42 32.13 38.89 64.70 60.60 43.29 54.87 78.72 92.73 $10 and under $15 1 233 318 161 422 388 311 180 413 116 136 115 20 6 1 11.11 71.69 41.30 29.33 46.02 44.86 48.37 40.72 31.74 18.18 20.30 27.0b 10.26 3.19 1.82 2 71 360 328 389 361 220 120 382 173 195 126 68 34 3 "'22.' 22 21.85 46.75 59.74 42.42 41.73 34.21 27.15 29.36 27.12 29.10 29.65 34.87 18.09 5.45 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 925 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $46 $45 and under $50 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over Total 17,996 6 2,821 36.28 2,343 29.30 2,832 35.42 CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE CO., CINCINNATI, OHIO. Under $10 5 5 100.00 $10 and under $15 $15 and under $20 39 38 245 299 97 46 97 126 120 81 18 21 5 1 12 10 103 162 53 10 49 46 27 31 2 7 30.77 26.32 42.04 54.18 54.64 21.74 50.52 36.51 22.60 38.27 11.11 33.33 3 12 22 39 35 34 37 56 66 44 14 12 6 1 7.69 31.58 8.98 13.04 36.08 73.91 38.14 44.44 54.17 54.32 77.78 67.14 100.00 100.00 24 16 120 98 9 2 11 24 28 6 2 2 61.54 42.11 48.98 32.78 9.28 4.36 11.34 19.06 23.33 7.41 11.11 9.52 $20 and under $25 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 SI 25 and over Total 1,238 512 41.36 384 31.02 342 27.63 CITIZENS TELEPHONE CO., COVINGTON, KY. Under $10 3 1 3 6 28 31 7 1 3 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 100.00 100.00 100.00 80.00 3.57 6.45 14.29 100.00 810 and under $15 • $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 1 1 13 4 20.00 3.57 41.94 57.14 $25 and under $30 26 16 2 92.86 61.61 28.57 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50 $50 and under $60 3 2 66.67 1 33.33 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 1 1 100.00 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over Total 83 44 53.01 19 22.89 20 oNot including 11 pieceworkers; and also 3, no earnings reported iNot Including 3, no earnings reported. °f '^^u. CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 305 Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NTTMBEE, AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DTJHING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Classified monthly rate of wages. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were— Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. CLEVELAND TELEPHONE CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO. Under $10 $10 and under $16 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $2S $25 and under $30 $30 and under $36 $36 and under $40 $40 and under $46 $45 and under $60 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $126 and over 2 33 124 168 70 61 47 36 75 73 81 25 10 60.61 16.94 20.89 25.71 23.53 17.02 75.00 17.33 12.33 9.88 4.00 100. 00 36.36 9.68 10.76 2.86 25.49 57.46 16.67 41.33 63.42 65.60 80.00 50.00 100. 00 100. 00 Total. 21.28 30.66 COLOEADO TELEPHONE CO., DENVEE, COLO. Under $10 $10 and under $15 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $36 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50 $60 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over 100. 00 1 17 79 47 179 93 34 66 43 78 68 19 20 11 45 27 119 47.06 66.96 57.45 66.48 35.48 35.29 12.12 19 24.36 6 10.34 2 10.63 1 5.00 100. 00 62.94 37.97 36.17 27.93 45.16 52.94 77.27 72.09 62.66 68.62 84.21 95.00 100. 00 Total. 740 49.73 CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., LOniSVU,LE, KY. Under $10 $10 and under $16 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50 $60 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $126 and over 7.14 20.83 9.52 36.64 31.82 4.76 100. 00 2.63 7.69 26.00 4.17 28.67 5.77 27.27 66.67 87.50 78.57 75.00 68.42 84.62 75.00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Total. 121 44. 49 1 91 108 60 26 12 3 31 25 28 4 6 384 95 110 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- -20 306 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table T.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS, AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were— Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. CUMBERIAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., NASHVTT.T.E, TENN. Under glO 2 13 33 27 109 7 12 7 13 33 15 15 S 2 13 26 18 73 5 2 3 3 9 100.00 100. 00 S15 and under S20 4 6 30 12.12 22.22 27.52 3 3 6 2 8 3 10 17 14 13 6 9.09 11.11 5.50 28.57 66.67 42.86 76.92 61.52 93.33 86.67 100. 00 78.79 $20 and under $25 66.67 66.97 S30 and under $35 71.43 2 1 16.67 14.29 16.67 $40 and under $45 42.86 23.08 7 1 2 21.21 6.67 13.33 27.27 $70 and under $80 SlOO and under S125 1 1 1 1 100.00 100.00 Total 293 53 18.09 86 29.35 164 52.66 CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AMD TELEGRAPH CO., NEW ORLEANS, LA. TJnderSlO $10 and under $16 33 25 49 113 47 48 22 16 28 59 38 19 1 7 4 3 1 4 13 5 12 9.09 4.00 8.16 11.50 10.64 25.00 2 6 10 6 9 18 18 9 13 24 23 17 1 7 4 6.06 24.00 20.41 5.31 19.15 37.50 81.82 56.25 46.43 40.68 60.53 89.47 100.00 100.00 100.00 28 18 35 94 33 18 4 7 10 19 13 1 84.85 72.00 71.43 S25 and under S30 ... . 83.19 70.21 $35 and under $40 37.60 18.18 43.75 5 16 2 1 17.86 27.12 6.26 5.26 35.71 $60 and under $70 32.20 S70 and under SSO 34.21 $80 and under $90 5.26 Total 509 62 12.18 167 32.81 280 55.01 MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., TOWNS UNDER 5,000 POPULATION. 18 51 142 130 69 27 18 17 16 56 29 10 1 1 2 2 1 3 19 20 6 4 9 2 6 22 7 1 6.66 5.88 13.38 15.38 10.17 14.81 60.00 11.76 37.50 39.29 24.14 10.00 15 42 79 64 32 14 8 15 5 27 21 9 1 1 2 2 83.33 82.35 55.63 49.23 54.24 51.85 44.44 88.24 31.25 48.21 72.41 90.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 2 6 44 46 21 9 1 11.11 11.76 30.99 S2n and under $25 35.38 35.69 33.33 5.66 5 7 1 31.25 SfiO and under $60 12.50 3.45 SI 00 nnd nndpr S125 Total 579 100 17.27 337 58.20 142 24.53 CHAPTER III. — GENEKAL TABLES. 307 Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued . C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Classified montlily rate of wages. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were — Less than full time eamin gs at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. MISSOUEI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., TOWNS or 5,000 AND UNDER 15,000. Under SIO SIO and under S15... S15 and under $20. . . $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30. . . $30 and under $35... $35 and tmder $40. . . $40 and under $45... $45 and under $60. . . $50 and under $60. . . $60 and under $70. .. $70 and under $80. .. $80 and under $90... $90 and under $100.. $100 and under $125. $125 and over 14 63 124 41 24 22 4 13 35 37 14 7 12.60 7.14 22.22 8.87 9.76 20.83 59.09 30.77 54.29 27.03 14.29 75.00 78.57 73.02 62.10 63.66 37.50 31.82 76.00 53.86 31.43 48.65 57.14 100.00 100.00 100.00 Total. 413 20.34 57.87 MISSOUEI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., TOWNS 15,000 AND UNDEK 26,000. Under $10 $10 and under $16... $15 and under $20. . . 320 and under $25... $25 and under $30. . . $30 and under $35... $36 and under $40. . . $40 and under $45. . . $46 and under $50- . . $50 and under $60. . . $60 and under $70. .. $70 and under $80. . . $80 and under $90. .. $90 and under $100.. $100 and under $125. $125 and over 17.74 17.65 12.50 36.36 46.00 42.86 20.00 100.00 33.33 47.62 53.49 41.94 47.06 62.60 100.00 36.36 35.00 48.67 60.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Total. 247 MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., TOWNS 25,000 AND OVEE. Under $10 $10 and under $15. . . $16 and under $20, . . $20 and under $26... $25 and under $30. . . $30 and under $35. . - $35 and under $40. . . $40 and under $45. . . $45 and under $60. . . $60 and under $60. . . $60 and under $70. . . $70 and under $80. . . $80 and under $90... $90 and under $100.. $100 and under $125. $125 and over 1 4 117 120 174 106 128 134 168 25.00 29.91 23.33 21.26 11.49 31.71 35.85 67.03 28.36 50.00 22.15 4.65 12.60 3.45 1 3 62 74 103 '68 34 49 35 76 66 76 39 14 25 24 100.00 75.00 62.99 61.67 69.20 45.96 41.46 46.23 27.34 66.72 39.29 51.01 90.70 87.50 86.21 100. OO Total 1,«3 51.91 90 308 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V,— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Classified monthly rate of wages. Total em- ploy- Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were — Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. NEBRASKA TELEPHONE CO;, OMAHA, NEBE. Under $10 SIO and under $15 . . . $15 and under $20. . . $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35... $36 and under $40... $40 and under $45... $45 and under $50 . . . $50 and under $60. . . $60 and under $70... $70 and under $80... $80 and under $90... $90 and under $100 . . $100 and under $125. $125 and over 18 40 68 122 75 38.89 20.00 27.59 53.28 33.33 6.98 54.55 12.82 5.13 18.37 11.11 20.00 22.22 10.00 13.79 7.38 20.00 51.16 36.36 64.10 89.74 59.18 88.89 71.43 80.00 100.00 Total. 563 198 35. 17 NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., BOSTON, MASS. Under $10 $10 and under $15 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $36 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $60 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $126 and over Total. NEW YORK TELEPHONE CO., NEW YORK, N. Y. Under $10 $10 and under $15... $15 and under $20... $20 and under $26. . . $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35... $35 and under $40... $40 and under $45. . . $45 and under $50. . . $50 and under $60... $60 and under $70... $70 and under $80. . . $80 and under $90... $90 and under $100. . $100 and under $126. $125 and over TotaU 3 131 171 439 672 375 460 111 372 355 319 106 18 54 44 18.32 8.77 15.95 14.73 11.20 11.30 4.50 5.65 6.07 6.90 2.83 5.56 107 154 357 564 327 408 106 336 325 260 100 17 52 44 372 10.25 8 51 164 278 1,266 1,004 1,029 341 667 878 679 371 347 259 226 11 105 70 71 19 116 36 44 13 19 8.29 6.97 6.90 6.57 17.24 4.10 6.48 3.60 6.48 14.67 3,160 8 51 158 263 ,160 933 956 316 631 799 302 206 224 100.00 81.68 90.06 81.32 83.93 87.20 88.70 95.60 90.32 91.65 81.50 94.34 94.44 96.30 100.00 87.05 6,834 90. 100.00 100. 00 96.34 94.60 91.63 92.93 92.81 92.67 79.61 91.00 86.75 91.37 87.03 79.64 99.12 CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 309 Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C.-NUMBEIl AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELI, TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Classified monthly rate of wages. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were — Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Kqual to full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO.. TOWNS UNDEK 5,000. Under $10 SIO and under S15 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $26 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under j-iS $45 and under $50 $60 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over 16.38 6.90 9,09 33.33 100.00 85.71 69.23 62.07 45.45 66.67 100.00 100.00 86.71 83.33 92.31 Total. NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO., TOWNS 6,000 AND UNDER 15,000. Under $10 $10 and under $15 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under KO $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50 $60 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 ; $125 and over 6.25 69 71.88 Total. NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO., TOWNS 15,000 AND UNDER 25,000. Under $10 $10 and under $15 $16 and under $20 $20 and under $26 $26 and under $30 $30 and under $36 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $46 $46 and under $50 .• $60 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 i $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over Total. 31.68 5.00 2.22 5.26 42.86 27.69 8.00 10.61 100.00 21.05 52.50 83.45 37.78 68.42 100. 00 28.57 65.17 76.00 92.86 85.71 83.33 65.80 35 100.00 87.50 30.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 75.00 100.00 100. 00 93 77.78 310 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. O.— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL, PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Classified monthly rate oJ wages. Total em- ploy- Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were — Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. NORTHWESTERK TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO., lOWHS 25,000 AND OVEK. Under JIO $10 and under $15 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $36 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over 11 "22' 80 75 139 102 49 42 05 89 80 36 11 8 10 81.82 22.73 18.75 21.33 17.27 12.75 16.33 16.67 4.62 8.99 7.50 6.00 14.67 15.11 30.39 63.06 64.76 87.69 80.90 77.60 94.44 100. 00 100.00 100.00 Total. 45.42 PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., ANGELES, CAL. Under $10 $10 and under $15 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $25 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $60 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over Total. PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH PORTLAND, OREO. Under $10 $10 and under $16 $15 and under $20 $20 and under $26 $25 and under $30 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50 $50 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 $125 and over Total. 23 100 81 118 70 44 106 62 47 13 149 64 2 869 17 50 27 28 24 11 78 26 21 1 103 46 73.91 60.00 33.33 23.72 34.29 25.00 73.68 60.00 44.68 7.69 69.13 71.88 432 49.71 73.68 47.92 20.83 21.65 39.62 30.00 60.27 40.58 48.89 28.57 42.31 55.00 274 101 8.70 9.00 3.70 11.02 11.43 22.73 10.38 19.23 31.91 38.46 2.01 16.63 100.00 11.62 100. 00 100.00 26.32 12.60 10.42 13.40 13.21 16.67 23.29 21.74 35.66 14.29 2.66 25.00 100.00 117 17. 46 333 o Including 1, earnings not reported; but not Including 14 pieceworkers. CHAPTER HI. — GENEEAL TABLES. 311 Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— KtrUBEB. AITS FEB CENT OF EUFLOTEES WHOSE EABNINGS HVRING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the tive pay-roll periods were— respeo- Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. PACiriC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., SAN FKANCISCO, CAL. Under $10 1 2 1 1 100.00 ■ 510 and under $15. 2 100. 00 $15 and under $20.. . 1 100.00 $20 and under $26 $26 and under $30 290 94 104 63 126 93 190 169 48 245 97 28 124 14 18 12 20 29 130 89 19 177 66 13 42.76 14.89 17.31 19.06 16.87 31.18 68.42 52.66 39.68 72.24 67.01 46.43 12 9 18 12 23 26 20 32 12 8 15 14 4.14 9.67 17.31 19.05 18.25 26.88 10.63 18.93 26.00 3.27 16.46 50.00 164 71 68 39 83 39 40 48 17 60 17 1 53.10 $30 and under $36 76.63 $36 and under $40... 66.38 $40 and under $46 61.90 $45 and under $50. . . 66.87 $50 and under $60 41.94 $60 and under $70... 21.05 $70 and under $80 28.40 $80 and under $90... 35.42 $90 and under $100 24.49 $100 and under $126.. . 17.53 $125 and over. 3.67 Total. 1,651 710 45.78 202 13.02 639 41.20 PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., SEATTLE, WASH. Under $10 $10 and under $15 $20 and under $26. . 34 96 66 83 56 32 83 49 58 19 76 29 3 31 45 16 20 17 14 66 18 16 3 47 19 91.18 47.37 28.67 24.10 30.36 43.76 67.47 36.73 27.59 16.79 61.84 65.52 3 6 8 8 8 8.82 6.32 14.29 9.64 14.29 $26 and under $30 44 32 66 31 18 16 7 23 10 26 1 46.32 $30 and under $35. . 57.14 66.27 $40 and under $46, 55.36 56.25 $50 and under $60 12 24 19 6 3 9 3 14.46 48.98 ■32.76 31.68 3.96 31.03 100.00 18.07 $60 and under $70 , 14.29 39.66 $80 and under $90. . . 52.63 $90 and under $100 34.21 $100 and under $125.. . 3.45 ■■» Total 673 302 44.87 109 16.20 262 38.93 EOCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE CO., SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. Under$10 $inn.Tirl nnder $16 5 20 23 57 23 9 30 45 38 23 38 18 16 1 2 2 10 20.00 10.00 8.70 17.54 2 3 5 6 13 6 12 29 37 21 17 13 15 40.00 15.00 21.74 10.63 56.52 66.66 40.00 64.44 97.37 91.30 44.74 72.22 93.75 2 15 16 41 10 1 9 4 40.00 $25 and under $30. . 75.00 69.67 $35 and under $40 71.93 43.48 2 9 12 1 1 11 22.22 30.00 26.67 2.63 4.35 28.95 11.11 J.'in fl.nH nndpr $60. , 30.00 8.89 $70 and under $80 $80 and under $90 1 10 5 4.35 26.32 $100 and under $125 . . 27.78 1 6.25 Total 346 52 15.07 179 SI. 88 114 33.04 312 Telephone investigation. Table V — RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NUMBER AND PEH. CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the tive pay-roll periods were— respec- Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than lull time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., ATLANTA, GA. Under SIO : $10 and under $15 20 46 60 36 15 16 6 21 27 10 6 6 6 4 9 5 7 4 45.00 11.11 14.00 11.11 3 7 8 7 4 6 5 21 26 9 6 4 6 4 15.00 15.66 16.00 19.44 26.67 33.33 100.00 100.00 96.30 90.00 100.00 80.00 100. 00 100.00 8 33 36 25 11 9 40.00 $20 and under $25 73.33 70.00 69.44 $35 and under $40 73.33 1 6.67 60.00 $45 and under $50 1 1 3.70 $70 and under $80 10.00 1 20.00 $100 and under $125 Total 264 26 9.85 114 43.18 124 46.97 SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., BIRMINGHAM, ALA. TTnrlprSin 10 26 39 17 S 10 3 13 20 8 4 1 4 2 2 10 13 7 20.00 38.46 33.33 4L18 8 13 23 8 8 9 3 13 17 6 3 1 4 2 80.00 60.00 68.97 47.06 100.00 90.00 100. 00 100.00 85.00 76.00 76.00 100. 00 100.00 100. 00 ft20 and under $25 3 3 2 11.64 7.69 11.76 1 16.66 3 2 1 15.00 25.00 25.00 165 39 23.64 118 71.52 8 4.85 SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., RICHMOND, VA. TTnHprftin a9il and nnder $25 17 26 10 9 4 1 1 4 6 6 2 23.63 23.08 60.00 22.22 10 14 4 3 3 1 1 68.82 63.85 40.00 33.33 76.00 100.00 100.00 3 6 1 4 1 17.65 23.08 st^n and nnder $35 10.00 44.44 26.00 Total 68 17 25.00 38 62.94 16 22.06 Chapter iii. — genesal tables. SIS Table T RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— II"UHBER AITD PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM — Concluded. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings diu-ing the respec- tive pay-roll periods were — Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CO., DALLAS, Tex. Under $10. . 6 3 80 76 78 57 20 21 19 19 26 2 1 3 1 3 24 29 23 20 3 7 3 2 4 100.00 100. 00 30.00 38.16 29.49 35.09 15.00 33.33 15.79 10.53 15.38 $15 and under $20 9 4 5 12 7 10 12 11 17 2 1 3 1 11.25 5.26 6.41 21.05 35.00 47.62 63.16 57.89 66.38 100.00 100. 00 100.00 100.00 47 43 60 25 10 4 4 6 5 58.75 $25 and under $30 56.58 $30 and under $35 64.10 43.86 $40 and under $45 50.00 19.05 $50 and under $60.. . 21.05 31.58 $70 and under $80 19.23 $80 and under $90 $90 and under SlOO $100 and under $125 . $125 and over Total 412 124 30.10 94 22.82 194 47.09 INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. KANSAS CITY HOME TELEPHONE CO., KANSAS CITY, MO. Under $10 $10 and under $15 2 114 213 142 32 38 18 23 23 66 20 6 2 2 2 71 125 77 19 25 10 12 16 38 19 4 2 2 100.00 62.28 58.69 54.23 59.38 65.79 65.56 62.17 69.56 67.86 95.00 66.67 100. 00 100.00 $20 and under $25 30 44 13 5 10 2 5 1 14 26.32 20.66 9.15 15.63 26.32 11.11 21.74 4.35 25.00 13 44 52 8 3 6 6 6 4 1 2 11.40 20.66 $30 and under $35 36.62 $35 and under $40 25.00 7.89 $45 and under $50 - , . . 33.33 26.09 $60 and under $70 26.09 7.14 5.00 $90 and under SlOO 33. 33 $100 and under $125 Total 691 124 17.95 422 61.07 145 20.98 LOUISVILLE HOME TELEPHONE pO., LOUIS- VILLE, KY. Undpr $10 38 22 30 42 9 4 2 7 2 6 6 18.42 9.09 20.00 14.29 1 2.63 30 20 24 35 9 4 1 78.95 £15 and under $20 90.90 80.00 1 2.38 83.33 100.00 $35 and under $40 100.00 $40 and under $45 1 60.00 50.00 $50 and under $60 1 1 lOO.OO $70 and under $80 SQO and nnrlpr$100 $100 and under $125 Total 148 22 14.86 3 2.03 123 83.11 314 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were — Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Niun- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. MARYLAND TELEPHONE CO., BALTIMORE, MD. Under $1Q 2 2 15 24 42 2 4 1 1 50.00 1 2 8 5 9 2 i 1 50.00 100. 00 63.33 20.83 21.43 100.00 100.00 100.00 $10 and under S15 $1.'i p.Tir] iinrtftr-T^'^ 6 17 31 40.00 70.83 73.81 1 2 2 6 67 %9.n ^r\c\ iin anrS20 3 5 10 6 6 8 7 1 2 1 1 3 4 6 4 1 5 7 1 2 1 1 100.00 80.00 60.00 80.00 16.67 62.60 100.00 100.00 100.00 100. 00 100.00 1 4 1 4 3 20.00 40.00 20.00 66.67 37.60 1 16.67 ai fin and under $125 Total 49 13 26.53 36 71.43 1 2.04 CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 317 Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OP EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS, AT SPECIFIED RATES— Concluded. AMEBICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were— Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to fuU time earnings at specified rates. Greater than fuU time earn- ings at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. ST. LOTTIS, MO. Under $10... $10 and under $15 $15 and under $20 1 1 100.00 $2nfl.TlH nTiHp.r$55 $25 and under $30 3 8 10 2 3 3 2 3 1 66.67 37.50 10. OO 1 5 9 2 3 3 33.33 62.60 90.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 $30 and under $35 $35 and under $40 $40 and under $45 $45 and under $50.. $60 and under $70 $80 and under $90 1 1 100. 00 $90 and under $100 $100 and under $125 Total 31 7 22.58 24 77.42 D.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Under 110 68 217 1,282 2,662 4,423 6,454 4,046 3,212 1,873 3,881 3,447 3,084 1,411 1,352 931 515 11 20 428 678 1,136 1,264 1,007 660 510 1,030 601 540 190 453 201 17 16.18 9.22 33.39 25.47 25.68 23.18 24 89 20.55 27.23 26.54 17.44 17.51 13.47 33.61 21.69 3.30 48 127 553 1,044 1,624 2,792 2,006 2,048 . 1,000 2,161 2,323 1,988 982 699 636 494 70.59 58.63 43.14 39.22 36.72 51.19 49.56 63.76 53.39 55.68 67.39 64.46 69.60 44 30 68.31 95.92 9 70 301 940 1,663 1,398 1,034 504 363 690 623 556 239 300 94 4 13.24 $10 and under $15 32.26 23.48 $20 and under $25. . ... 36.31 37.60 $30 and under $35. 25.63 25.56 $40 and under $45. 15.69 19.38 $50 and under $60 17.78 15.17 $70 and under $80 18.03 16.94 $90 and under $100 22.19 10.10 .78 Total o37, 868 8,740 23.10 20, 424 53.96 8,688 22.95 aNot including 25 pieceworkers; and also 3, no earnings reported. 318 TELEPHONE -INVESTIGATION. Table V — RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. D SUUMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF NTTUBER AUTS PER CEKT OF EUPLOYEES WHOSE EARNIlrGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAK, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAir FULL TIUE EARNIITGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Concluded. INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Total em- ploy- ees. Employees whose earnings during the respec- tive pay-roll periods were— Classified monthly rate of wages. Less than full time earnings at specified rates. Equal to full time earnings at specified rates. Greater than full time eam- ines at speci- fied rates. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Under SIO 2 40 39 168 297 153 40 41 18 23 25 56 20 6 2 2 1 7 8 53 81 13 5 11 2 5 1 14 60.00 17.50 20.51 31.55 27.27 8.50 12.50 26.83 11.11 21.74 4.00 25.00 1 3 10 76 135 79 23 26 10 12 18 38 19 2 2 2 50.00 7.50 25.64 45.24 45.45 51.63 67.50 63.41 55.56 62.17 72.00 67.86 96.00 33.33 100.00 100.00 $10 and under $15 30 21 39 81 61 12 4 6 6 6 4 1 75.00 $15 and under $20 63.85 23.21 $25 and under $30 27.27 $30 and under $35 39.87 30.00 $40 and under $45 9.76 33.33 26.09 $60 and under $70 24.00 7.14 5.00 SQD siT\(\ iindpr %100 4 66.67 Total. 932 205 22.00 456 48.93 271 29.08 AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Under $10 $10 and imder $15 . . $16 and under $20.... $20 and under $25 $25 and under 130.... $30 and under $36 — $35 and under $40 — $40 and under $45 $46 and under $50.... $60 and under $60 $60 and under $70 $70 and under $80.... $80 and under $90.... $90 and under $100... $100 and under $125.. Total 127 95 126 157 81 86 41 13 13 7 6 768 275 25.00 41.73 44.21 39.20 38.22 38.27 30.23 21.96 16.38 7.69 36.81 100.00 75.00 46.46 43.16 47.20 49.68 61.86 68.60 78.05 84.62 92.31 100. 00 100.00 64.82 11.81 12.63 13.60 12.10 9.88 1.16 CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 319 Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1968, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. E.-NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEU. Classified monthly- rate of wages. Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsyl- vania, Phila- delphia, Pa. Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Chesapeake and Potomac Tele- phone Co., Baltimore, Md. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Under$10 $10 and under $15 . . 2 35 72 317 117 31 2 1 1 0.36 6.04 12.44 54.75 20.21 5.35 .35 .17 .17 8 27 33 67 204 4 1 1 1 2.31 815 and under $20. . . 1 80 162 101 78 44 0.21 17.17 34.76 21.67 16.74 9.44 3 67 71 30 9 1.67 37.22 39.44 16.67 6.00 7.80 $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30... S30 and under $35. . . $35 and under $40... $40 and under $45. . . 69 263 272 149 7 7.87 35.07 36.27 19.87 .93 9.54 19.36 58.96 1.16 .29 .29 350 and under $55. . . .29 Not reported 1 .17 Total..? 466 100.00 750 100.00 579 100.00 180 100.00 346 100.00 Classified monthly rate of wages. Chesapeake and Potomac Tele- phone Co., Washington, Chicago Tele- phone Co., Chicago, 111. Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Citizens Tele- phone Co., Covington, Ky. Cleveland Tele- phone Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Under $10. 5 128 731 459 822 732 472 28 8 0.15 3.78 21.60 13.56 24.28 21.62 13.94 .83 .24 1 3 6 27 30 1.62 4.65 7.68 40.91 45.45 2 10 117 116 56 16 5 0.62 315 and under S20... $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35... 54 45 36 143 « 1 18.95 15.79 12.63 50.18 2.11 .35 36 31 225 276 33' 1 5.94 6.12 37.13 45.64 5.45 .17 3.11 36.34 36.02 17.39 4.97 $40 and under $45 .. . 1.55 $50 and under $55 . . . 4 .66 Not reported Total 285 100.00 3,385 100.00 606 100.00 66 100.00 322 100.00 Classified monthly rate of wages. Colorado Tele- phone Co., Denver, Colo. Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co'., Louisville, Ky. Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Nashville, Tenn. Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., New Orleans, La. Missouri and Kansas Tele- phone Co., cities and towns under 6,000. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Under $10 9 44 134 114 35 7 1 2 2.60 14 18 20 50 15 2 11.76 15.13 16.81 42.02 12.61 1.68 10 32 27 102 1 3 5.71 18.29 15.43 68.29 .57 1.71 12.72 16 38 108 27 8.47 20.11 67.14 14.29 38.73 $20afldunder$25... $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35... $35 and under $40... 2 67 41 169 65 3 0.69 19.76 12.09 49.85 16.22 .88 32.95 10.12 2.02 .29 .58 $45 and under $50 . . $55 and over 2 .59 Total.. 339 100.00 119 100.00 175 100.00 189 lOO.OO 346 100.00 320 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OP WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. E.— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. Classified monthly rate of wages. Missouri and Kansas Tele- phone Co., cities 5,000 and under 15,000. Missouri and Kansas Tele- phone Co., cities 15,000 and under 25,000. Missouri and Kansas Tele- phone Co., cities 25,000 and over. Nebraska. Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr. New Eng- land Tele- phone and Telegraph Co., Boston, Mass. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Under $10 S 9 67 108 21 11 1 2.36 4.25 26.89 50.94 9.91 5.19 .47 1 2 19 38 47 9 3 0.84 1.68 15.97 31.93 39.50 7.66 2.62 $10 and under $15. . . 4 108 112 140 112 41 23 8 2 6 0.72 19.46 20.18 26.23 20.18 7.39 4.14 1.44 .36 .90 $15 and under $20. . . $20 and under $25. . . $25 and under $30. . . $30 and under $35... $35 and under $40... $40 and under $45 14 39 S3 84 66 9 5.45 16.18 20.62 32.68 21.79 3.50 1 133 345 627 254 260 1 4 0.06 8.18 21.23 38.58 15.63 16.00 .06 $50 and under $55. . . 1 1 .39 .39 .25 Total 212 100.00 119 100.00 665 100. 00 267 100.00 1,625 100.00 Classified monthly rate of wages. New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y. Northwestern Telephone Ex- change Co., cities and towns under 6,000. Northwestern Telephone Ex- change Co., cities 5,000 and under 15,000. Northwestern Telephone Ex- change Co., cities 15,000 and under 25,000. Northwestern Telephone Ex- change Co., cities 25,000 and over. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber.' Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Under $10 1 1.92 7 18 40 152 1,032 83 5 2 0.25 .64 1.42 6.38 36.53 29.03 23.58 2.94 .18 .07 1 19 36 51 36 5 1 0.67 13.75 24.16 34.23 2416 3.36 .67 $15 and under $20... $20 and under $26... $25 and under $30... $30 and under $36... $35 and under $40... $40 and under $45... $45 and under $60... $50 and under $65... 7 12 26 6 13.46 23.08 50.00 11.54 6 7 10 25.00 29.17 41.67 20 78 59 118 45 5 6.15 24.00 18.15 36.31 13.85 1.54 1 4.17 :::::::: Total 2,825 100.00 52 100.00 149 100.00 24 100.00 | 325 100.00 Classified montlily rate of wages. Pacific Tele- phone and Telegraph Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Pacific Tele- phone and Telegraph Co., Portland, Oreg. Pacific Tele- phone and Telegraph Co., San Francisco, Cal. Pacific Tele- phone and Telegraph Co., Seattle, Wash. Kooky Moun- tain Bell Telephone Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per ' cent. TTndAr SIO • 1 0.20 $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30. . . $30 and under $36... $35 and under $40... $40andur 'er$45... $45 and under $50... $50 and under $55... 1 sg 71 94 51 18 1 1 0.31 27.30 21.78 28.83 15.64 5.52 .31 .31 90 46 81 42 13 2 1 32.73 16.73 29.45 15.27 4.73 .73 .36 196 84 71 43 94 17 3 38.51 16.50 13.95 8.45 18.47 3.34 .59 86 47 70 43 21 32.21 17.60 26.22 16.10 7.87 17 16 43 6 20.73 19.51 52.44 7.32 Total 328 100.00 275 100.00 509 100. 00 267 100.00 82 100.00 CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 321 ^^V^^mY™^-^^^^ 0^ WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN ?„^?^AJ^ J^^^PHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OP THE COMPANIES— Continued. B.— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS— Cont'd. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. Classified monthly- rate of wages. Southern Bell Tel- ephone and Tel- egraph Co., At- lanta, Ga. Southern Bell Tel- ephone and Tel- egraph Co., Bir- mingham, Ala. Southern Bell Tel- ephone and Tel- egraph Co., Rich- mond, Va. Southwestern Tele- graph and Tele- phone Co., Dallas, Tex. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Under $10 $10 and under $16. . . $15 and under $20... 16 40 47 30 6 11.51 28.78 33.81 21.58 4.32 7 25 29 11 1 9.59 34.25 39.73 15.07 1.37 $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35... $35 and under $40... 17 25 9 5 1 29.82 43.86 15.79 8.77 1.75 67 70 71 25 2 28.51 29.79 30.21 10.64 $45 and under $50. . . $50 and under $55. . . Not reported Total....' 139 100.00 73 100.00 57 100.00 235 INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Classified monthly rate of wages. Kansas City Home Tele- phone Co., Kansas City, Louisville ' Home Tele- phone Co., Louisville, Ey. Maryland Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Under $10 38 21 29 37 30.40 16.80 23.20 29.60 1 14 21 39 1 1 1 1.28 $15 and under $20 . . . 17 95 $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35. . . Ill 196 69 30.41 53.42 16.16 26.92 50.00 1 28 1.28 $40 and under $45 . 1.28 $45 and under $50 . . . $55 and over Total 365 100.00 125 100.00 78 100.00 AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Boston, Mass. Chicago, m. Cincinnati, Ohio. Kansas City, Mo. Minneapolis, Minn. rate of wages. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. , Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 1 54 10 17 1 0.97 62.43 9.71 16.60 17.48 2.91 $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35... $35 and under $40... $40 and under $45... $45 and under $50... $50 and under $55... 17 8 14 9 2 1 33.33 15.69 27.45 17.65 3.92 1.96 10 5 10 1 38.46 19.23 38.46 3.86 4 57.14 6 4 2 1 46.15 30.77 3 42.86 15.39 7 69 Total 61 100.00 103 100.00 26 100.00 7 100.00 13 100.00 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 322 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Concluded. E.— irirUBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS— Conol'd. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPAITSr— Concluded. Classified monthly New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburg, Pa. St. Louis, Mo. rate of wages. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Under $10 S2fl and under S25 2 g 22 23 15 3 2.74 10.96 30.14 31.51 20.55 4.11 3 5 9 5 5 6 9.09 15.15 27.27 .15.15 15.15 18.18 $25 and under $30... $30 and under $35 . . . $35 and under $40... $40 and under $45... $45 and under $50... $50 and under $55... 16 21 35 67 34 14 8.66 11.23 18.72 35.83 18.18 7.49 3 8 f 15.00 40.00 40.00 5.00 Total 187 100.00 73 100.00 S3 100.00 20 100.00 APPENDIXES. 323 APPENDIX A. FORMS OF SCHEDULES USED IN TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. [B. L. 433. — Department ol Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.) Special Agent. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. (Establishment schedule.) / Telephone. 1. Name of company? 2. Bell or independent? If independent, what are your long- distance connections? 3. State? 4. City? 5. Name and location of exchange? ; 6. Name and official designation of person furnishing the information? 7. Does this exchange handle local calls? Toll calls? Long-distance calls? 8. Number of branch and suburban exchanges? Operating rooms. 9. On which floor? 10. Dimensions (feet). 11. Greatest num- ber of persons em- ployed in room at any one time. Length. Breadth. Height. I 12. Ventilation, how provided? Time allowance for handling calls. Time allowance for— 13. Connection. 14. Disconnec- tion. 15. Obtaining information. u. ''A" board 6. "B" board.. C. Toll board . . d Information - 16. What is the efficiency number of plug connections, per hour, for an "A" opera- tor? ; "B " operator? ; Toll operator? 17. What is the entire number of line terminals in this office? Number of stations? 325 326 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. Operating positions and force. Entire number of— Kind of work. 18. "A" posi- tions in service. 19. "B" posi- tions in service. 20. "A" oper- ating force. 21. "B" oper- ating force. a. Day workr 6. Evening work c. Night work Working hours — Length of tricks. Tricks. 22. Total time covered. 23. Relief (total). 24. Lunch. 26. Net time. 26. Last op- erator goes ofl at— a. Day m. c. Night d. Split trick c Clerical work '. m. /. Matrons m. 27. Do the hours of supervisory force correspond with those of operators? (State variations) : 28. Are split trick, evening, and night work required? 29. How many women are kept at board at one time at night? 30. Is night alarm provided? 31. What extra protection is provided on night shift for female operators? 32. Is overtime optional? 33. Extreme length of service on overtime day? 34. Is overtime work paid for? a. At same rate? ; b per cent higher; c percent lower. 35. Are Saturday half holidays granted? a. For how long a period? 5. Other half holidays granted? 36. Frequency and hours of Sunday work? 37. Hours and rules of holiday work? 38. Length of vacation? ; paid in advance? Wages. 39. Are applicants paid while in training? Rate? 40. Wages at beginning? 41. Promotions; how frequent? Are promotions automatic? Rates of pay. [Give extreme rate (lowest and highest) on each type of service.] Kind of work. 42. Oper- ators per 43. Toll operators per 44. Sen- ior oper- ators per 45. Su- pervisors per 46. Clerks and mon- itors per 47. Chief operap tors per 48. Ma- trons per J 8 3 S 1 $ $ 1- APPENDIXES. 327 49. Frequency of payment? By check or cash? 50. Are'wages paid to date? ; If not, how many days' pay is withheld? 51. Extras (lunch, car fare, etc.)? Oeneral. 52. Are operators permitted any choice in assignment to exchange, special shifts in which to work, etc.? 53. What educational standard is required of applicants for employment? 54. Ages at which ajjplicants are accepted? Is employment given to girl beginners who do not live at home? Are married woinen employed? ; If not, state reasons: What points are considered in making physical examination of applicants for oper- ating positions? 58. Does company employ any medical inspector (nurse, doctor)? If so, what are the duties of this officer? 59. Are periodic medical examinations made of operators in service? 60. What provisions are made to handle cases of temporary illness? 61. Is there any systematic disinfection of caps and receivers? 62. Is sick leave granted? ; With full pay? ; How many days per year? 55 56. 57. 63. Does franchise make any regulations concerning the protection of health, comfort, and safety of women employees? 64. Duties of matrons? 65. "P. B. X." boards : How do operators obtain positions on them? Rates of pay? 66. a. Give outline of day organization chart: 6. Give outline of night organization chart: 67. What is traffic curve or table as plotted for a given day of 24 hours in March, 1908? a. What is operating ciurve or table for the same 24 hours in March, 1908? Service conditions in operation. 8. Class of service. . Number of line's in service. 70. Rates charged. 71. Length of con- versation allowed (minutes). a. Flat rate 6. Measured service c. Automatic slot machines d party lines . e party lines. /. party lines. g. ToIUlnes A. Long distance ; 72. In measured time service, when does time-count begin? a. On local calls? 6. On toll calls? ; c. On long-distance calls? 73. What extra time is allowed for terminating conversation? a. On local calls? ; b. Oh toll calls? c. On long-distance calls? 74. How many telephones are allowed on each class of service, and what are rates for each extra extension telephone? 75. How many names may be listed in the telephone directory on each class of service, and what rate is charged for each extra name listed? 76. Type of switchboard used? a. Width of section? ; 6. Positions per section? c. Maximum possible height of top jack above shelf? inches. d. Height above head (when seated) operators are required to reach? inches. e. Distance of side reach in inches: (1) By day? ; (2) By night? /. Are operators required to stand while at work? g. Type of chair and foot rest used? _ 77. a. Is there a separate lunch room provided? b. Is there a separate rest room provided? 78. Describe toilet facilities a. Number of washbowls? ; 6. Number of seats? 328 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. [B. L. 435.— Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau oJ Labor, 1908.] TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. (Branch exchange sheet.) Telephone. 1. Name of company? ; 2. City and State? ......... 3. Name and location of local exchange? 4. Operating room: a. Size? ; h. On which floor? Smtchhoard. 5. Type of switchboard used? a. Width of section? ; 6. Positions per section? c. Maximum possible height of top jack above shelf? inches. d. Height above head (when seated) operators are required to reach? inches. e. Distance of side reach in inches: (1) By day? ; (2) By night? /. Are operators required to stand while at work? g. Type of chair and foot rest used? Operating positions and force. Entire number of — Kind of work. 6. "A" posi- tions in service. 7. "B" posi- tions in service. 8. "A" oper- ating force. 9. "B" oper- ating force. a. Day work &. Evening work c. Night work 10. What is entire number of line terminals in this office? Stations? 11. a. Is there a separate lunch room provided? h. Is there a separate rest room provided? 12. What special care is available in case of illness? 13. What is traffic curve or table for a given 24 hours in March, 1908? 14. What is operating curve or table for the same 24 hours in March, 1908? [B. L. 434.— Department of CJommerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.] TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. (Establishment schedule — Supplement. ) Telephone. Operating and traffic table for 24 hours, day of 1908. Shifting of operating force and amount of traffic. 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3a.m. 4a.m. 5a.m. 6a.m. 7a.m. 8a.m. 9a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12m... 1p.m. 2p.m. 3p.m. 4p.m. 5p.m. 6p.m. 7p.m. 8 p.m. 9p.m. 10 p.m. 11p.m. 12 p.m. During hour ending- Number of original calls. Number of operators. Number of calls per operator. APPENDIXES. 329 [B. L. 429.— Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.] Special Agent. TELEGEAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. (Agent's personal observation schedule.) Telephone. 1. Name of company? 2. State? 3. City?. 4. Name and location of exchange?. . 5. Constructed of? 6. Number of stories?.- a . On which floor i s operating room?. 7. Entrance for operators: a. Street 5. Conditions? 8. Halls and stairways? ; alley O 9. Elevators? 10. What fire escapes are provided? 11. What provisions are made for fighting fire?. Used by employees? Yes NoO Operating room. 12. Is there sufficient ventilation? Yes NoO Yes No 13. Light: a. Natural or artificial by day? Sufficient? 6. Kind at night? Sufficient? 14. What is character of floor covering (where supervisors walk)? Notes: Switchboard. 15. Type of switchboard used? a. Width of section? 6. Positions per section? c. Maximum possible height of top jacks above shelf? inches. d. Height above head (when seated) operators are required to reach? inches. e. Distance of side reach? /. Are operators ever required to stand while at work? g. Type of chair and foot rest used? 16. Is a lunch room provided? Yes NoO If so, describe fully. 17. What food, if any, is prov ided free of e xpense to operators?. 18. Are rest rooms provided? Notes: 19. Is wash room provided? b. General conditions?0. Yes NoO> If so describe fully. Yes No a. Number of bowls?. 330 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 20. Toilets: a. Number of seats for women?. 6. Is there reasonable privacy of approach? c. Sanitary conditions? Yes NoO d. Are co nditions and location such that the air of the operating room is 'Yes No affected? e. Total number of women in building at any one time having use of no other facilities? 21. What other provisions for the comfort of operating forces? 22. Shock (frequency, severity, etc.)? 23. Are employees ever r equired to re lease the company from liability in case of shock or other accident? O Yes No 24. Are there any clubs or other organizations among your operating forces? Notes: 25. Is there any system of fines or suspensions? (If so, give cause and extent.) a. To what funds do fines accrue? 26. To whom can complaints of operating force be made?. a. How (by letter, personally, etc.)?. Notes: [B. L.— 436.) TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE: PAY ROLL DATA. Period covered , 190 . Name of company City State Name of employee Sex Occupation Hours in regular full day ■ Number of days on which employee worked Number of days em- ployee did not work Number of hours employee worked on regular tricks Number of hours employee worked overttme Total hours worked Rate of wages per $ Amount earned at regular rate $ Amount of overtime earnings $ Amount of bonus earnings $ Total earnings $ Amount of fines and deductions $ Net earnings I [ B . L. 430. — Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.} Special Agent. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. (Individual schedule.) Telephone. 1. Employing company? 2. State? 3. City? 4. Name and location of exchange where employed? 5. Position of employee? {evening 6. Age? 7. Sex? 8. How long in telephone service? 9. How long in service of present employing company? 10. Age on entering service? night split trick APPENDIXES. 331 History of occupations in telephone service. [In case of break in data, indicate by starred line, and give hours, wages, etc., at period of flrst entering telephone service.] 11. Ocoupation(beginmng with present occupation and going back to first employment). 12. Daily hours of work, from — 13. Actual hours worked. 14. "Wages. 15. Period each rate was received. m. to.. m. to. . m. to. m. to. m. to. m. to. m. to. — per. per., per.. ...-per.. per.. per., per.. Notes: 16. Time allowed, at present, for lunch? ; For relief? 17. Is relief ever curtailed?. . . 18. Is luncli time ever curtailed? Oyes No O Yes No 19. Do you ever work overtime? d. Extreme length of overtime day? c. Opinion as to over time work? . '. . . a. Do you desire overtime? . o. No a. How is time spent between tricks?' 20. Is split trick optional? Notes: 21. What holidays are allowed during year? .' . 22. How frequently is Sunday work required? 23. What vacation is granted? 24. Describe conditions of evening and night work (force, protection, etc 25. Rate of pay while learning? '. 26. Frequency of promotions? a. Automatic? 27. Rates of pay for: a. Overtime? 6. Holidays an d Sundays? , c. Sick leave? Oybs No Yes No In advance? 28. Is vacation paid? 29. Extras (car fare, lunches, etc.) Notes: 30. Fines or suspensions (cause and extent)? 31. To whom can complaints be made and how? Notes: Building. 32. Do you use the elevator going to and from work? 33. Is entrance from street or alley? a. Sufficiently lighted? 34. Describe condition of operating room as to ventilation, light, and general comfort: Yes NoO' O 35. Describe condition of rest, lunch, and toilet rooms as to ventilation, light, over- crowding, etc. : 332 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 36. Provision of food for operators (privileges and restrictions)? a. What is your personal attitude? 37. Do operators contribute toward food, books, or furnishings? 38. Attitude toward any club or other organization maintained in your exchange? Notes: Switchboard. 39. Can you reach top jacks in multiple when seated? 40. What height above head (when seated) are you required to reach? 41. What is greatest side reach? 42. Maximum number of positions covered? 43. Are you ever required to stand while at work? 44. How many seconds allowed fof making a connection? 45. How many seconds allowed to disconnect? 46. Average number of plug connections in a busy hour? 47. Upon entering service, what educational standard was required? a. School grade last attended? 48. Have you ever been given any choice: a. In the exchange to which you were sent? 6. In the hours worked? 49. Why did you go into telephone work? 50. Why do you stay in telephone work? Notes: Health, regulations. 51. What physical examination was made upon entering service? a. By whom made? 52. Are any examinations made of operators in service? 53. Has employment in any way affected your health? 54. In case of accident or illness, what care is available? O Yes No O Yes No 55. If special room is provided in case of illness, is it kept solely for that purpose? 56. Shock (frequency, severity, etc.)? 57. Were you ever asked to release company from liability in case of shock, accident, etc.? 58. Does each operator keep her own operating set? 59. Is operating set disinfected regularly? 60. Is operating set disinfected at pleasure? 61. Do you live at home, or board? Yes No O Yes No Yes No 62. Amount paid per week for board? $ ; Room? $ 63. Distance from residence to place of employment? miles. 64. Do you usually walk or ride to and from work? 65^ Total time required going to and returning from work? Notes: APPENDIX B. SPECIMEN OF FIRST lESSOlTS IN TELEPHONE OPERATING. LESSON 1. 1. There are twenty-one city exchanges in Chicago which are divided into nine divisions or districts. The following list gives the names of the exchanges and the division to which they belong: [Here follows list which must be memorized.] ******* There are seventeen neighborhood exchanges as follows: Calls for neighborhood exchange numbers are sent through city exchanges accord- ing to a routing chajt which is posted in front of each operator's position. 2. Definition of a Local Connection: When one subscriber in an exchange calls another subscriber in the same exchange this is called a local connection. 3. Description op a Completed Local Connection: (1) When a subscriber takes the receiver oft the hook of his telephone, the line and pilot lamp signals light up in front of "A" operator. (2) She picks up an inside cord, known as an answering cord, inserts the plug in answering jack above the line lamp signal, and at the same time throws the cor- responding listening key toward the face of switchboard. The plug puts out the lights, and the key enables operator to talk to subscriber. (3) In a clear, distinct tone with the rising inflection on the word "please," she says, "Number please?" "Number please?" to be repeated if no response is received the first time. If subscriber can not be heard operator will say, "Please come closer to your telephone." If subscriber fails to give name of the exchange wanted operator will say, "What exchange please?^' If subscriber gives name of exchange, but omits number, operator will say, "What number please. (4) The subscriber gives number wanted, "Central 128," Operator repeats it back to subscriber, separating the figures, as, "Central one-two-eight." (5) She then picks up outside cord, known as the connecting cord, corresponding to answering cord in use, locates multiple jack of Central 128, and lightly taps the tip of plug against the outer rim of multiple jack three times, resting on the last stroke. (6) If no sound is heard, connecting cord is inserted in multiple jack. (7) And the corresponding ringing key drawn toward operator steadily for at least two seconds, thus enabling her to ring the bell on the called party's instrument, after which the key is allowed .to fall back to the normal or vertical position, thus leaving the line clear for both parties to talk. The insertion of the plu^ causes the lamp on the coimecting cord to light up. The lamp remains lighted until the called party lifts the receiver off the hook of telephone, when it will go out, both cord lamps remaining out while the parties are talking. (8) When both parties are throi^h talking and hang receivers on the hooks, both cord lamps will light up again. Operator then disconnects by taking down inside cord first and then outside cord, and restoring them to their regular positions. Op- erator will always disconnect when the inside lamp lights, or both, but not when only outside lamp lights. The cord lamps are called supervisory signals or disconnect signals. 333 334 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. IvESSON 2. 1. Plugged Line Instructions: A red plug in multiple jack means telephone taken out. Operator will say "Cen- tral one-two-eight has been taken out." A green plug in multiple jack means question call. Operator will connect sub- scriber with hospital operator. A black plug in multiple jack means wrong number. Operator will say, "Cen- i-way telephone. <,, , ., , — i-eight is a one-way line, entitled to outgoing calls only." A white plug in multiple jack with number on the face means that the number the plug is m has been changed to number on the plug. Operator will say, "Central one-two-eight has been changed to Central one-eighWour, I will connect you," and connect subscriber with correct number. A white plug in multiple jack with prefix and number on face means that the num- ber the plug IS in has been changed to number on the plug. Operator will say, "Central one-two-eight has been changed to Main one-eight-four, I will connect you," and connect subscriber with correct number. 2. Party Line Prefixes. The following list shows the ten-party prefixes in the exchanges having such service: Humboldt, Douglas, Calumet, Yards, Canal, Edgewater and Kedzie numbers above 6,000, and Hyde Park numbers above 5,000 are ten-party lines. West office has a special prefix for four-party lines callea Ashland. 3. Special Notice. "Under no circumstances must an operator handle the uninsulated metallic tip of the plug, as a disregard of this rule may lead to the receipt of a shock from the ring- ing current. In making connections and disconnections, operators must handle the plug by the shell, taking hold of the cords only when it is absolutely necessary to do so in restor- ing them to their normal positions." LESSON 3. 1. Description op a "B" Connection: (1) When an " A " operator in an exchange receives an order for a number in another exchange, she closes listening key. (2) and depresses call-circuit key to exchange wanted (being careful not to break in on the order wire), thereby connecting her operator's set with that of the "B " opera- tor's set in the distent exchange, and gives number called for. (3) "B" operator assigns "A" operator a trunk line number, and (4) "A '' operator releases order wire key, (5) and opening listening key, (6) tests trunk line assigned; if no sound is received (7) she inserts the plug m a trunk line jack, (8) and closes the listening key. (9) When called party lifts receiver off the hook of telephone, the outside super- visory lamp goes out, both lamps remaining out while parties are telking. When both parties are through telking and hang receivers on hooks again, this action throws a light on the " A " operator's disconnect signals, who will disconnect by teking down her inside cord first, and then the outside cord; the act of taking down the outside cord or removing it from the trunk line assigned throws a light on the "B " operator's disconnect signsS, who will disconnect by taking down her trunk line cord and restor- ing it to its regular position. Operator will always disconnect when she receives the signal on the inside Amp, or both, but will not disconnect if only the outside lamp lights up. If "B" operator can't be heard, "A" operator will say, "Repeat, one-two- eight." If "A" operator is assigned a busy trunk line number, she will give order over a^ain; if the same trunk line number is an;ain assigned, and still tests busy, operator will depress order wire key and say. Two-eight tests busy, four-flve-eight," giving the number that was called and report to supervisor. APPENDIXES. 335 On a call for a neighborhood exchange or for Aldine, Haymarket, Midway, Lawn- dale, or Ashland, the operator must be sure to give both the prefix and number wanted on the order wire. 2. Busy-Back Signal: The "Busy-back" signal is a continuous buzzing sound accompanied by a flashing cord lamp which the " B " operator in a distant exchange gives to the subscriber when he calls for a number in her exchange that is busy. She inserts the plug of the trunk assigned in a jack located in the lower part of her board called "busy-back" jacks, which are equipped with this continuous buzzing sound, that automatically lets a subscriber know the line is in use. If subscriber fails to understand or asks what the "busy-back" signal is, operator will remove connecting cord and say, "That sound is the busy signal." LESSON 4. 1. Delayed Connections: When there is a delay of any kind on a connection, operator will say to subscriber, "Just a moment, please, I am trying to get the connection for you," and report delay to supervisor at once. 2. A Local "Can't Raise'': When operator has a "local" connection on her board and outside supervisory lamp remains lighted a minute or more, she will say, "Central one-two-eight I will ring them again," and do so; if after another minute or more the outside lamp is still lighted, she will say, "Central one-two-eight, does not answer." If subscriber insists that they will answer, say, "I will ring them again," then change the cords and ring again. If they answer O. K. on the second pair of cords, the first pair will be reported to supervisor for test. If still no response say, " Central one-two-eight, does not answer," and if subscriber is not satisfied, refer to supervisor. 3. A "Can't Raise" in Another Exchange: When operator has a connection on her board to another exchange, and connecting cord supervisory lamp remains lighted about a minute, showing that the called party has not answered, operator will go in on connection, and if ringing induction is heard, she will leave connection and say nothing, and will not request "B " operator to ring, but will wait another minute and if supervisory lamp still remains lighted, "A" operator will say, "Main one-two-eight does not answer." If subscriber is not satisfied, refer him to supervisor. If ringing induction is not heard on the trunk, she will say to the subscriber, "I will ring them again," and then go in on the circuit and say to the "B" operator, "Ring (subscriber's number) on — " (trunk number). If operator has forgotten the number called she will say to the subscriber, "What number did you call, please?" then repeating "I will ring them again," and give this order over the circuit as noted in above paragraph, waiting on the circuit for the "B " operator to reply "Yes" to the request. If ringing induction is not then heard, the "A" operator will go in on the circuit, ask the B " operator to ' ' Change on , ' ' and "A" operator will also change her cords. If called party answers, or ringing induction is heard on the second trunk, the cords and the first trunk used must be reported to supervisor for test as "No ringing induc- tion ," giving number and prefix of party called, as well as trunk number. If the called party does not answer and ringing induction is not heard on the second trunk, the connection will be referred to the supervisor. If the called party does not answer and ringing induction is heard on the second trunk, tlie operator will report a "Can't raise." 4. Reporting "Can't Raise": "Can't Raise" should not be reported in less than one and a half minutes. 5. Ringing Induction: If subscriber wants to know what the ringing induction is, "A" operator will say, "That sound is the ringing signal." LESSON 5. 1. Busy Tests: When an "A" operator gets a call for a number in her own exchange, she strikes the outer ring of the multiple jack of number called three times, resting on the last stroke; if a loud click is heard, she knows the line is in use, and will say to calling party, "Central pne-two-eight is busy." 336 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 2. Flash Signals: When a supervisory lamp flashes, the operator will, at once, cut in on the connection and say: "What is it, please?" If called party wants a number, operator will say, "Please signal your operator," and then disconnect. If the calling party asks for a number, which the operator recognizes as being the same number as previously called, she will repeat order back and say: "I will ring them again." The operator, if she does not know, will repeat order back and say: "Is that the same number?" If it is, operator will follow through as the original con- nection. Connections will be followed up as previously outlined under "can't raise" reports, the operator being governed by the ringing mduction in re-ringing same number, request for a different number to be treated as new calls. When subscriber flashes and notifies the operator that he has been given a wron" number, operator will say, "What number did you call, please?" repeat order and call number given. Flash and disconnect signals should always be cared for first, as an operator is sup- posed to take care of and complete but one connection at a time, and she is the only operator who can answer her flash signals, while the operators on either side may answer the line lamp signals, or if the latter are busy, supervisor will come to her assistance. Should subscriber flash while operator is engaged, operator will go in on line in answer to flash signal, and say, "Just a moment, please, ' ' complete first connection and then answer the flash signal by phrase, "What is it, please?" and handle as above. 3. Manager Calls: If the calling party asks for the manager, operator will say, "Manager," call super- visor and insert the corresponding outside cord in supervisor's jack. Should super- visor be unable to answer at once, operator will say, "Manager, just a moment, please." If the calling party asks for the manager of another exchange, operator will repeat, ' ' manager, ' ' repeating office asked for, press order wire key to exchange wanted, and say, "Manager," connect subscriber by using trunk assigned. If the called party asks for the manager, refer him to supervisor by handing her the corresponding inside cord, but if called party asks for the manager in another exchange say, "Please signal your operator," and then disconnect. LESSON 6. 1. Auxiliary Lines: When a subscriber haa more than one telephone and wishes to have calls put on any one of the lines when the number called for is busy, they are specially marked in the subscriber's multiple, so that operator will test all of them before reporting a ' ' busy " to callii^ subscriber. When a subscriber's auxiliary line jacks touch each other they are called "grouped " auxiliaries and are marked with a red or white painted line underneath the jack. When the auxiliary line jacks do not touch each other they are called "scattered" auxiliaries, and are marked with yellow or green paint underneath the jacks. If subscriber has two or more lines and they all test busy operator will say, "Central one-two-eight, all lines are busy." 2. Measured Rate and Flat Rate Service: A measured service line is one on which subscriber is charged for each completed "out-going" call, made from that line, a record being kept by the "A" operator. A flat rate line is one on which subscriber can make as many calls as ne likes, no record being made of them. When the figures at the right of auxiliary lines in subscriber's multiple are painted green this indicates that the lines so marked are measured service lines. Some subscribers have both measured and flat rate service lines used auxiliary to each other and wish their "incoming" calls put on their measured service lines, when they are not busy, so that the flat rate lines will be free for "outgoing" calls as much as possible. When a call is received for such numbers operator will test the measured service lines first before testing other lines and when measured service lines are not busy will complete connections on them before using the flat rate ones. 3. Answering Jack Markings: Red paint around answering jack means "special service;" operator will refer to list on board. Yellow paint around answering jack means long distance terminal, subscriber to be connected with long distance trunk line without being answered. 4. Direct Trunk Lines: Trunk lines that are underlined in green paint, operator will test in the usual way and when an available one is found insert plug and give one short ring. APPENDIXES. 337 Trunk lines that are underlined in red or black paint operator will not ring. : Operators will not ring on long distance trunk lines. (Relator will always allow subscriber to give his own order to second operator. 5. Distributing Calls: ; When operator and those on either side of her are too busy to answer a call signal Wpervisor will transfer call to an operator who is not busy, saying, "Take central 500," or whatever the number is. Operator will take inside cord, insert it in mul- tiple jack of number given her and complete connection on outside cord, the same as if connection has been made from an answering jack. 6. Half Connections: Operator must not put answering cord in answering jack until she is ready to serve calling party. This is called "holding on a half connection." , When more than qne lamp lights up, at the same time operator must complete one connection before taking another. LESSON 7. 1. False Calls: Mistakes are sometimes made in calling numbers, then discovered before the called party answers, the calling party disconnecting to obtain correct number. This brings the called party to the telephone when he is not wanted and these cases are known as "false calls." He usually asks who called him and operator will say, "I'm sorry, we rang your bell by mistake." If he still remains at the telephone, operator will say, "There is no one on your line now," following this with "Please hang up your receiver,'' should subscriber not hang up promptly. Should subscriber make further complaint and fail to hang up receiver, refer him to the supervisor. When an operator rings a number by mistake, she will remain in on the line and eay, "I'm sorry, we rang your bell by mistake." When calling party hangs up receiver, just as party answers, operator will say to called party, 'TI'm sorry, the party who called has disconnected." 2. Cut Opps: When a subscriber has been disconnected from a party he has been talking with before they are through with the conversation, this is called a "cut oft." On complaint of a cut off," operator, if she handled the original connection and remembers the number, will attempt to reestablish the connection.. If she has forgotten the number abe 'vsjill say, "What number did you call, please? " Repeating order back, she will proceed as above. On complaint of cut off, if operator has not had the original connection she will say, "Did they call yoh?" If reply is "yes," she will say, "Please hang up your receiver and give them a chance to call you again." If subscriber still remains at the telephone refer him to supervisor. Should response be, "No, I made the call," operator will say, "What number did you call, please? " If from a flat rate telephone, operator will complete connection. If the number tests busy, refer case to supervisor. The restored connection should be carefully supervised to see that conversation is not interrupted a second time. LESSON 8. 1. Permanent Signals : When a line and pilot-lamp signal light up and operator says, "Number, please, " twice without getting any response, she will change her cords and say, "Number, please, " again. Should she still get no response, line will be considered out of order and will be referred to hospital operator by pressing order wire marked "H. O." (hospital operator) and say, " One-two-eight permanent, " giving number that is permanent. If a two-party line, operator will give both numbers. If a ten-party line, operator will give the circuit number. If a four-party line operator will give in circuit number and a station number as directed in each office, or all numbers. 2. Hospital and Irregular Call PpsiTioN: This is a switchboard position, esj)ecially equipped for handling lines which are out of order and irregular calls of various kinds, which for one reason or another the operators are not able to complete direct. AH calls for lines on which the "out of order" or "question" tests are noted, all calls for lines plugged, which operator can not complete, are referred to this position. 29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 22 338 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 3. Out-op-Ohdee Tone Test: The hospital operator has special cords for use on Unas that have been reported permanent The plugs of these cords have a continuous humming sound called . (Jut-of-order tone test, " which, when plug is inserted in subscribers' multiple jacls: ot line that is out of order, throw this tone on the rim of the jack throughout the board, so that operator getting a call for a line that is permanent will get this tone when testing the hne. Instead of completing the connection, she will transfer the calling party to the hospital operator over special trunks provided for this purpose Hospital operator will notify calling party that the line is out of order. When a subscriber has two or more lines and one is out of order, having the tone test on It, and the other busy, operator will say, "Central five-eight, all lines are busy. " 4. Information Position : This operator will furnish information concerning telephone numbers that do not appear in current issue of directory or that subscribers can not find for any reason. Supplementing the regular directory, there is issued a daily bulletin, containing num- ber and name of new telephones installed, change of number, etc. .This bulletin covers all changes made prior to 3 o'clock of the date of issue. 5. Question Test: This test is a light buzzing noise similar to the "busy-back signal" and is found usually on auxiliary lines. When this test is heard operator will connect calling party with information position. Special Note: Operators must never ring on hospital or information lines. LESSON 9. 1. Telbphone-out-op-Ordek Complaints: When a subscriber complains of his telephone being in trouble between 7 a. m. and 5 p.m., operator will say, "I will connect you with the repair department." Operator will then test the repair department's lines and, when an available one is found, complete connection. Sundays and holidays, repair desk is covered from 8 a. m., to 5 p. m. If subscriber complains of his telephone being in trouble durir^ the evening, refer him to supervisor. If a subscriber from another exchange reports his telephone out of order refer him to supervisor. < 2. Overflow Reports: An overflow report is what the "B" operator in a distant exchange gives the "A" operator, when all of her trunk lines are in use; the "A" operator will try all call circuits to that office and if trunks are all busy will wait ten or fifteen seconds and then give order again in same manner. If a second overflow report is received, operator will say to subscriber, "All lines to office are in use," and should he not hang up, add, "Please call' a little later." , - Operator will report overflows to supervisors by saying, "Overflow on main," or whatever office it may be. ' ' Generator gone " — phrase used by " B " operator when ringing current is in trouble. "A" operator will say to subscriber, "We are unable to ring numbers, please call again." LESSON 10. 1. Messenger Service: Subscriber wishing to make inquiry regarding messenger service must be connected direct with the messenger office, operator using the phrase "I will connect you with the messenger department," giving him Main 152. Calls for messenger boys will be handled according to special instructions in the various offices. 2. Toll Service: 1. When a subscriber signs a contract for telephone service he specifies whether he wishes connection with long-distance points or not. If he does, he is said to have toll service; if he wishes only city connections, he is known as a "no-toll" subscriber. Calls for long distance or long-distance points from a toll subscriber are placed on the long-distance trunks. 2. If a "toll " subscriber calls for one of the express points, which are Oak Part and Evanston, order will be given over Main call circuit, except in Central and Harrison, where special express trunks are used. - , : ■ , 3. Should a "toll" subscriber ask to have charges reversed connect^him with long distance, except the express points, which will be connected as per paragraph 2. APPENDIXES. 339 4. If a "toll" subscriber calls for long-distance manager, or chief operator, connect him with long distance. 5. If a "toll " subscriber calls for an operator by name of State or town, connect him with long distance. 6. Should a "toll" subscriber want to know the charges to any long-distance point, connect him with long distance, except the express points, which will be connected as stated in paragraph 2. 7. Should a "toll" subscriber complain of being cut off from the Buffalo operator, or any operator by name of Stite or town, connect him with long distance. 8. Calls for operators by numbers 1 to 100 or for operator 850 are put on long dis- tance; calls for any other operators by number are referred to supervisor. LESSON 11. 1. "No Toll" Service: (1) A subscriber who does not want long distance connections has his line-lamp marked with a red opal. When a subscriber calls from a line marked with red opal for long distance, operator will say, "Toll connections are not allowed from this telephone." Any complaint or question about long distance should be referred to supervisor, when made from a "no toll" telephone. 2. Overflow Positions: This is a position in which are duplicated the subscribers' line-lamps and answering- jacks of another position, and is used only when the work in the regular position is too heavy for regular operator. A green opal marks the lines which are duplicated in an overflow position. 3. Identification op Operator: If an operator is asked for her name, she is to say, "I can't give my name, but my number is ." Operator must always give her number when requested. LESSON 12. 1. Police Calls: When a subscriber asks for — (1) Police department or "police," (2) A police station, (3) Main 13, (4) Chief of police, operator will say, "Do you want to give a police alarm?" If response is "yes," operator will connect subscriber with nearest police alarm wire, as per instructions to be given in each office, calling the order over the circuit as ' ' police alarm, ' ' super- vise and report facts to supervisor. If response is "no," operator will say, "Have you referred to your directory?" and if he has not, she will add, "Please do so." If he states he can not find the num- ber, he is to be referred to the information operator, saying, "I will connect you with the information operator." If subscriber comes to telephone and shouts "police'' and leaves telephone again, operator will refer subscriber's number to supervisor at once; if a two or four party line, give all numbers; if a ten-party line, give number of circuit, plug not to be removed from answering jack until number is referred to supervisor, 2. Fire Calls: When a subscriber asks for — Main 0, s , (2) Fire department or shouts "fire," (3) Chief of fire department, operator will say, "Do you want to report a fire?" If response is "yes," give order over main order wire as "0," connect subscriber with trunk line assigned, supervise and report facts to supervisor. If response is "no," handle as above outlined under police alarm instructions. If subscriber wants to know where the fire is, operator will say, "We do not know." If he still insists or asks for Main "0" saying tjiat they will tell him, refer him to supervisor. If subscriber shouts "fire" and leaves telephone, operator will refer subscriber's number to supervisor at once. 'If a tfro or four party line, she will give all numbers; if a ten-party line, she will give number of circuit, plug not to be removed from answering jaCk until number is referred to supervisor. Fire calls originating in Hyde Park, Oakland, Wentworth, and Yards offices will be given over Wentworth order wire as " 0," supervise and report facts to supervisor. 340 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. LESSON 13. 1. Calls foe Oppicials of the Company: Calls for president, general manager, general superintendent, superintendent of tramc, and other officials, for the contract or other departments of the company will be referred to Mam 294. Calls for manager, chief operator or wire chief of any office are put through without question. Calls for others than these refer to supervisor. 2. Calls por Connections by Name instead op Number: ^ If subscriber asks operator for the name or number of a certain party, she will say Have you referred to your directory?" If he says "No, " she will say, "Please do so; if he replies that he can not find it, or if he asks for a new telephone, she will say, I will connect you with the information operator, " and do so. If subscriber has not time to look number up, — refer to supervisor. 3. Calls fob Sxjbsckiber's Agent: On calls for subscriber's agent, operator will say "Subscriber's agent, " and complete connection on Main 294. 4. Subscriber's Right op Way: If called party wants a number before talking to calling party, operator will say, "There is a party calling you, will you talk with him?" If subecnber says "Yes" operator will say, "There is your party. " If he says "No," and asks for another number, operator will say, "Please signal your operator," and disconnect, at the same time saying to calling party, "Your party la calling another number. " If called subscriber has auxiliary lines, operator will test them and if one is avail- able, complete connection. 5. Calls por Local Numbers: All calls for local numbers, as for example, Local 128, operator will say, "What exchange, please"? 6. Private Exchanges: Private exchange means the subscriber has a private switchboard on hia premises, attended by a private operator, and has trunk lines extending to the nearest telephone exchange. 7. How to Handle Calls por Private Exchange Numbers: Calls for private exchange numbers from 1 to 320, will be given over central order wire, both prefix and number to be given over the circuit. LESSON 14. Miscellaneous Instruction: When a call is received from a two or four-party line for a number in the same exchange, operator will look at number plate or chart to see if number called is the other party on this line. If so, she will sajr, "Please hang up your receiver for a moment," and will then ring called party in the multiple. When they answer let them talk on the same cord m answering jack. Calls for the health department are put on Main 447. Operator receiving request for a directory will refer calling party to supervisor. Call for the collection department will be given Main 294. Should subscriber ask operator to ring his bell, operator will ask, "What is your number, please," and on getting it will say, "Please hang up your receiver for a moment,' and when disconnect signal is received she will ring Dack on line, making connection through the multiple. Call for chief operator in another exchange will be given over the calling circuit as "Manager." Call for the wire chief in another exchange will be given over the calling circuit as "Wire chief." Should subscriber ask for hospital operator, refer matter to supervisor. Should subscriber ask for the information operator in another exchange, connect him with the information operator of the division. Should operator receive a request from a subscriber asking for the panel and jack number or with a request, "What line," she will look at the answering jack and give the information wanted. If subscriber flashes and asks for a better connection, operator will say, "Just a moment, please," change cords and say, "There is your party." She will refer first pair of cords to supervisor. If on a "B" connection she will change her cords and ask "B" operator to change the trunk, reporting first cords and trunk to supervisor. o Cornell University Library HD 8039.T32U5 1910 ,. Investigation of telephone companies 3 1924 002 355 257