i^:* ;■■'::■ ^>Sj(*^^-';:'. ., L313 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY > .f^ FROM DATE DUE FEl PRINTED IN U.S. A 3 1924 026 510 820 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026510820 '^^^1 i1929 maPEBL & BMTHEES . THE WORKS OF HORACE, ENGUSH NOTES, CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY. BY CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D., PROPEflSOB OF THE GBKEE AND I.ATIN LANGUAQES IN COLtTMBIA COLLEOII, AND fiECTOB OF THE GRAmUAB SCHOOZ.. A NEW EDITION, CORRECTED AND ENLABQED, WITH EXCURSIONS RELATIVE TO THE WINES AND VINEYARDS OP THE ANCIENTS ; AND A I.IrE OF HOEAOE BY MILMAN. NEW YORK: HABPEK & BaOTHEBS, PUBLISHERS 329 & 331 PEAKL STREET, FEANKLIM SQUARE. 1856. ,j , , like those of •ihakspeare. HI. The .^neades, or Decius of Accins. IV. The Marcellus of Acciuft s Soubtful. V. The Iter ad Lentulum, by Balbua, acted at Gades, represented » passage in the author's own life, (Cu:., Ep. ad Fam., x., 32.) The later prtetex- tatiB were, VI The Cato ; and, VH. The Domitius Nero of Matemus, in the reign of Vespasian. Vlll. The Vescio of Persius ; and, IX. The Octavia, in the worki of Seneca, probably at the time of Tnyan. Lli'E OP HORACE. XXVII the tine old Roman legends spoke not in tlieii' full grandeur to hia oar. The fragments of the Annals, which relate the exploits of Ro- man valor, are by no means his most poetic passages ; in almost all his loftier flights we trace Grecian inspiration, or more than inspira- tion. If it be true that the earliest annalists of Rome turned theii old poetry into prose, Ennius seems to have versified their tame his- tory, and to have left it almost as prosaic as before. It may be doubted, notwithstanding the fame of Varius, ■whether there was any fine Roman narrative poetry till the appearance of the ^neid. But Lvoretius had shown of what the rich and copious, and, in his hands, flexible Latin language was capable ; how it could paint as well as describe, and, whenever his theme would allow, give full utterance to human emotion. It is astonishing how Lucretius has triumphed over the difficulties of an unpromising subject, and the cold and un- poetio tone of his own philosophy. His nobler bursts are not sur- passed in Latin poetry. Notwithstanding the disrepute in which Cicero's poetic talents have been held, there are lines, especially in his translation of Aratus- which, by their bold descriptive felicity and picturesque epithets, rise above the original. Lucretius was dead before Horace settled at Rome, and so, likewise, was the only other great Roman poet who has survived (excluding the dramatists), Ca- tullus. Notwithstanding their grace, sweetness, and passion, the lyric poems of Catullus do not seem to have been so pleasing as might have been expected to the Roman car. His fame and popu- larity rested chiefly on his satirical iambics. His lyrics are men tioned with disparagement by Horace, and are not noticed by Quin- tUian ; yet in his happier moments, what Latin poet equals Catul- lus ? Even if more of his poems than we suppose are translations, some of them, which we know to be translations, have all the fire and freedom of original poetry. If the Atys be but a feeble echo )f a Greek dithyrambic, what must the dithyrambics of Greece have been? When Horace returned to Rome, Virgil and Varius, with Asinius Pollio, the statesman and tragic writer, were the most celebrated names in Roman poetry. These two great poets soon admitted the young Horace to their intimacy. * The fame of Varius, as an epic poet, does not appear to have been recognized even by his Roman posterity. Quintilian speaks of his Thyestes with the highest praise, as worthy to be compared with the noblest Greek tragedies ; he does not mention his name among the epic writers. Varius, it should seem, wrote fine verses on the events and characters of the times ; a poem on the death of Cissar, and a panegyric on Augustus. That kind of poetry obtains high reputation in its. own day, but loses its interest with the events which it celebrates. Tet of the few epic lines of Varius which survive, all show vigor and felicity of expres- sion, some great beauty. The Eclogues of Virgil appeared in theii collective form about the same time with the earl-est publication of Horace, .his first book of Satires. But Virgil had already aoquii^d XXVm LIFE OF HORACE fame ; some of his shorter poems had excited great admiration and greater hope ; a few of his Eclogues must have been already known among his friends ; he had the expectation, at least, of recovering his forfeited lands through the friendship of Asiniua Pollio; he was ah-eady honored with the intimate acquaintance of MiBcenas. The introduction of Horace to Mascenas was the turning-point of his fortunes ; but some tune (at least two or three years) must have intervened between his return to Rome, and even his first presenta- tion to his future patron, during which he must have obtained some reputation for poetic talent, and so recommended himself to the friend- ship of kindred spirits like Varius and Virgil. Poverty, in his own ■vords, was the inspiration of his verse. " Faupertas ,lmpnlit audax Ut versus facprera." — Epist ii., 2, 51, seq. The interpretation of this passage is the difficult problem in the ?arly history of Horace. What was his poetry ? Did the author sxpeot to make money or friends by it ? Or did he write mere- ly to disburden himself of his resentment and his indignation, at that crisis of desperation and destitution when the world was not his friend, nor the world's law, and so to revenge himself upon that world by a stern and unsparing exposure of its vices ? Did the de- feated partisan of Brutus and of liberty boldly hold up to scorn many of the followers and friends of the triumvir, whose follies and vices might offer strong temptation to a youth ambitious of wielding tho scourge of Lucilius ? Did he even venture to ridicule the all-power- ful Mieoenas himself? This theory, probable in itself, is supported by many recent writers, and is, perhaps, not altogether without founda- tion.' In the second satire, one unquestionably of his earliest com- positions, most of the persons held up to ridicule belonged to the Caesarian party. The old scholiast asserts that, under the name of Malchinns, the poet glanced at the efieminate habit of Maecenas, of wearing his robes trailing on the ground, while more malicious scandal added that this was a trick in order to conceal his bad legs and straddling gait. To judge of the probability of this, we must look forward to the minute account of his first interview With Majce- nas. If Horace was conscious of having libelled Msecenas, it must have been more than modesty, something rather of shame and con- fusion, which overpowered him, and made his words few and broken.' The dry and abrupt manner of Msecenas, though habitual to him, i might perhaps be alleged as rather in favor of the notion that he had been induced to admit a visit from a man of talent, strongly recom- mended to him by the most distinguished men of letters of the day, thoug^h he was aware that the poet had been a partisan of Brutus, and had held himself up to ridicule in a satire, which, if not publish- ed, had been privately circulated, and must have been knovm at least to Varius and Virgil. , The gentlemanly magnanimity of MiB- cenas, or even the policy, which would induce him to reconcile aL 1. ^aU;enaer, Histoire de la Vie d'Horace, i-, p. 8S. 2. Sat. i., 6, 51 LIFE OF HORACE. XXI 3f men of talent with the govCTnment, might dispose him to overlook with quiet contempt or easy indifference, or even to join in the laugh at this touch of satire against his own peculiarity of person or man- ner ; but, still, the subsequent publication of a poem containing such an allusion, aller the satirist had been admitted into the intimacy of Masoenas (and it is universally admitted that the satire was first pub- lished after this time), appears improbable, and altogether inconsistent with the deferential respect and gratitude shown by Horace to his patron, with the singular tact and delicacy through which the poet preserves his freedom by never trespassing beyond its proper bounds, and with that exquisite urbanity which prevents his fhitteiy from de- generating into adulation. This is still less likely if the allusion in the satire glanced at physical deformity or disease. After all, this negligence or effeminate aifeetation was probably much too common to point the satire against any individual, even one so eminent as lUsBOenas. The grave observation of the similarity between the names of Msecenas and Malchinus, being each of three syllables and beginning with an M, reminds us irresistibly of old Fluellin's Mace- don and Monmouth. The other circumstances of the interview seem to imply that Horace felt no peculiar embarrassment, such as he might have ex- perienced if he was conscious of having libelled Maecenas. There was no awkward attempt at apology, but a plain independence in his manner ; he told him merely that he was neither a man of fami- ly nor fortune, and explained who and what he was.' The question then recurs, what were these verses to which Horace was impelled by poverty ? Poetry can not have been of itself a gainful occupa- tion. The Sosii were not, like the opulent booksellers of our own day, ready to encourage, and to speculate in favor of, a young and promising author. In another passage, written late in life, the poet pleasantly describes himself as having grovra rich and indolent, and as having lost that genial inspiration of want which heretofore had BO powerfully excited his poetic vein. Pope has imitated the hn- morous illustration of the old spldier with more than his usual felioitv " In Anna's wars, a soldier, poor and old, Had dearly eaxn'd a little purse of gold. Tlre^ with a tedious march, one luckless night He slept (poor dog), and lost it to a doit This put the man in such a desperate mind. Between revenge, and grief,, and hunger join'd, Against himself, the foe, and all manlund, He leaped the trenches, scaled a castle wall , Tore down a standard, took the fort and all. ' Prodigious well I' his great commander cried, ijave him much praise, and some reward beside, Next pleased his excellence a town toljatter (Its name I know not, and 'tis no great matter) ; ' Go on, my friend,' he cried ; * see yonder walls I Advance and conquer I go where glory calls I """" 1. Sat i., 6, 58, scgg. XXX LIFE OF HORACE. More honora, more rewardsnittend the braT6 1' Don't you remember what reply he gave ? ' D'ye think me, noble general, snch a sot ! Let him take castles who has ne'er a groat.' " From these lines it appears that me influence of poverty was more than the independent desire of exhaling his indignation against the partisans of the triumvirs, or of -wreaking his revenge ; it was the vulgar but prudential -design, in some way or other, of bettering his condition, which was his avowed inspiration. In truth, literary dis- tinction in those times might not unreasonably hope for reward. The most eminent of the earlier poets had not disdained the patron- age and friendship of the great statesmen. Ennius had been domi- ciliated in the family of the Scipios, and his statue was admitted ■ after his death into the family mausoleum. Lucilius had been con- nected with the same family. Lucretius lived in the house of the Memmii; Terence with Scipio Afrioaniis and Laelius. Deoimus Brutus was the admirer and patron of Acoius ; as Messala of Tibul- lus ; Vulcatius, or JElins Gallus, of Propertius. Varius was him- self a man of rank and birth ; but Virgil owed to his poetical fame the intimate friendship of ?ollio and Maecenas ■'■ and though Horace, as a known republican, could hardly have hoped for the patronage of McEcenas, there were others to whom the poet might have been welcome, though much prudence might be required in both parties on acoovmt of his former political oomiections. But, whatever the inotives which induced him to write, the poeti- cal talents of Horace must soon have begun to make themselves known. To those talents he owed, in the first place, the friendship of Varius and Virgil, of Pollio, and perhaps of some others in that list of distinguished persons, which he recounts in the tenth satire of the first book. Some of these, no doubt, he first encountered after he had been admitted to the society of Meecenas. Under what other character, indeed, could the son of a provincial freedman, who had been on the wrong side in the civil wars, had lost aU his property, and scarcely possessed the means of living, make such rapid progress among the accomplished and the great ? Certainly not by his social qualities alone, his agreeable manners, or convivial wit. Nothing but his well-known poetical powers can have so rapidly endeared him to his brother poets. When Virgil and Varius told Maecenas " what he was," they must have spoken of him as a writer of verses, not inerely of great promise, but of some performance. But were 1 If Donatus is to be credited, Virgil received from the liberality of his friends not less than ccntics scatenUim (£80,729 35. id.), besides a house in Home on Che Esquiline, a villa near Nola, perhaps another in Sicily. (Donati, Vita Virg., vi,> Hence Juvenal's well-known lines : " Magnffi mentis opus, nee delodice paranda Attonitas, currus efc equos, faciemque I torum Aspici^re, et qualia Kutulum confundat Erinyg'; Kam si Virgilio puer ct tolerabile deesset Hospidum, caderent oranes e crinibus hydri." — SaL viii., 66; LIFE OF HORACE. XXXI the two or three satires, which we may suppose to have been writ- ten before his introdujtion to Maecenas, sufficient to found this poetic reputation ? That some of the epodes belong to this early part of his poetical career, I have no doubt; the whole adventure with Canidia (that one of his poetical intrigues which has a groundwork at least of reality) belongs to a period of his life when he was loose, as it were, upon the world, without an ascertained position in society, unsettled in habits, and to a certain degree in opinions. Nor does there appear to me any difficulty in the supposition that'some of the odes, which bear the expression of youthful feelings and passions, however collected afterward, and published in books, may have been among the compositions which were communicated to his friends, and opened to him the society of men of letters and the patronage of the great.' Nine months elapsed between the first cold reception of Horace by MiBcenas and his advances to nearer friendship. Maecenas, though still engaged in public aSairs, and though he had not yet built his splendid palace on the Esquiline, had neverthe- less begun to collect around him all the men either eminent, or who promised to become eminent, in arts and letters. The friendship with Horace grew up rapidly into close intimacy. In the following year Horace accompanied him on his journey to Brundisiura ; to which Miiecenas proceeded, though on a political negotiation of the ut- most importance (the reconciliation of Antony and Ootavianus), as on a party of pleasure, environed by the wits and poets who had be- gun to form his ordinary circle. The mutual amity of all the great men of letters in this period gives a singularly pleasing picture of the society which was har- monized and kept together by the example and influence of Maece- nas. Between Virgil, Plotius, Varius, and Horace, between Horace and TibuUus, there was not merely no vulgar jealousy, no jarring rivalry, but the most frank mutual admiration. If an epigram of Martial be not a mere fancy of the poet, Virgil carried his delicacy so far that he would not trespass on the poetic provinces which seemed to belong to his friends. Though he might have surpsissed Varius in tragedy, and Horace in lyric poetry, he would not attempt either, lest he should obscure their fame.^ 1. The most untenable part of the Bendeian chronology, which, however, as far AS the publication of the separate books, is no doubt true, is his peremptory as- sertion that Horace employed himself only on one kind of poetry at a time ; that he wrote all the satires, then the epodes, then the three books of odes. Dr. Tate, tile faithful and unshaken disciple of Bentley, quoting the lines, " Neque, si quis scrlbat, utl no's, - Sermoni propiora, putes hunc esse poetam," ioes not scruple to assert that Horace, Sat L, 4, "says, as plainly as a man can lay it^ that he had not then written any thing which could entity him to the name of a poet;" therefore, no single ode. "But Horace," aa has been well observed, "uses language much like this in his epistles (Epist ii., 1, 250, &c.), written aftei all his oieB."— Dyer, in Class. Museum, No. V., p. 215, &c. 2. Martial, Epig. viii, 18. XXXn IdfE OF HOEACE. In the enjoyment of this society Horace completed the earhest ul his works whieh has reached posterity (if, mdeed, we have not hii whole published works), the first book of satires.' CHAPTER m. SATIKIC POETRY ITS ORIGIN ftiE COMEDY OF ROME STATE OF SOCIETY SAEINE FARM CHRONOLOGY OF THE BOOSS OF SATIRES EPODES DATE OF COMPOSITIOM OF COMPLETION. The satiric style of poetry was admirably suited to this way of living. It was the highest order of the poetry of society. It wiU bear the same definition as the best conversation — good sense and wit in equal proportions. Like good conversation, it dweUs enough on one topic to allow us to bear something away, while it is so des- ultory as to minister perpetual variety. It starts from some sub- ject of interest or importance, but does not eidhere to it vidth rigid pertinacity. The satire of Horace allowed ample scope to follow out any train of thought which it might Suggest, but never to pro- lixity. It was serious and gay, grave and light ; it admitted the most solemn and important questions of philosophy, of manners, of literature, but touched them in an easy and unaffected tone j it was full of point and sharp allusions to the characters of the day ; it in- troduced in the most graceful manner the follies, the affectations, even the vices of the times, but there was nothing stern, or savage, or malignant in its tone ; we rise from the perusal with the convic- tion that Horace, if not the most urbane and engaging (not the per- fect ChrLstian gentleman), must have been the most sensible and de- lightful person who could be encountered in Roman society. There is ho broad bufibonery to set the table in a roar; no elaborate and exhausting vrit, which turns the pleasure of listening into a fatigue ; if it trespasses oocasionally beyond the nicety and propriety of mod- ern manners, it may fairly plead the coarseness of the times, and the want of efficient female control, which is the only true chastener of 1. Even on the publication of the satires, odes, and epistles in separate books, there are more difBculties than at first sight appear in the chronology of Bentley. fioreral of the satires in the first, bnt especially the fourth, show that Horace had already made enemies by his satiric poetry. Horace was averse to the fashion of recitlDg poems in public, which had been introduced by Asinius PoUio, and com- plains that his own were read by few : " Cum mea nemo Sciipta legate Tulgorecitare'timentis." Compare line 73, et seqq. Some recited their works in the forum, some in the pubhc baths. No doubt he is in jest in this comparison between his poems and those of hla riTals Crispinus fnd Fannlus ; but it seems to imply that bis poems were already, some way or other, exposed to popular approbation or neglect Our notion of pnblication, the striking off at once a whole edition, probably misleads us. Befora the invention of prmting, each poem must have been copied and recopied separate- ly ; perhaps they may not hare been exposed for sale till made up in books Ui-E OF HORACE. XXXIU conversation, but wliich can only command respect where the fe- males themselves deserve it. The satiric form of poetry was not original ; there was something like it in the Silli of the, Greeks, and Lucilius had already introduced this style of writing into Rome with great success. The obligations of Horace to Lucilius it is impossible fairly to estimate from the few and broken passages of that ■writer which have survived. Horace can hardly be "suspected of unworthy jealousy in the character which he gives of his predecessor in the art. Notwithstanding Quintilian's statement that there were some even in his own day who still pre- ferred the old satirist, not merely to all poets of his class, but even to every other Roman poet, there can be no doubt that Lucilius was rude, harsb, and inharmonious ; and it is exactly this style of poetry which requires ease, and that unstudied idiomatic perspicuity of Ian guage, that careless, as it may seem, but still skillful constructioi. of verse which delights the ear at the same time that it is widely diiferent from the stately march of the Virgilian hexameter, or the smooth regularity of the elegiac poets. It is so near akin to prose as to require great art to keep up the indispensable distinction from it. The poetry of Horace was the comedy of an untheatrical people. If the Romans had been originally a theatrical people, there would have been a Roman drama. Their praetextatie were but Greek dramas on Roman subjects. The national character of the people was, doubtless, the chief cause of the want of encouragement to the drama, but we may go still further. The true sphere of the drama seems to be a small city, like Athens (we reckon its size by its free population), London in the time of Elizabeth and James, Paris in that of Louis XIV., or Weimar at the close of the last century. In these cities, either all orders delight in living in public, or there is a large and predominant aristocracy, or a court which represents or leads^he public taste. Rome was too populous to crowd into a thea- tre, where the legitimate drama could be effectively performed. The people required at least a Colosseum; and directly, as elsewhere, their theatres rivalled their amphitheatres, the art was gone. So- ciety, too, in Rome, was in a state of transition from the puhUo spec- tacle to the private banquet or entertainment ; and as our own pres- ent mode of living requires the novel instead of the play, affords a hundred readers of a book to one spectator of a theatrical perform- ance, so Roman comedy receded from the theatre, in which she had never been naturalized, and concentrated her art and her observation on human life and manners in the poem, which was recited to the private circle of friends, or published for the general amusement of the whole society. Lucilius, as Horace himself says, aspired to be in Rome what Eupolis, Cratinus, and Aristophanes had been in Athens {Sat. i., 5, 1, seqq.) ; and more than Caeoilius, Plautus, arid Terence, excellent Bs the two latter at least appear to us, were at Rome. The tore of pociety, of which Horace is the representative, wait kxiV LIFE OF HORACE that into which Rome, weary and worn out with civil contests, was ■Jelighted to collapse. The peace of the capital was jio more dis- turbed ; though the foreign disturbances in Spain and on the other frontiers of the empire, the wars with the sons of Pompey, and, final- ly, with Antony in the East, distracted the remoter world, Rome quietly subsided into the pursuits of peace. It was the policy no less than the inclination of Augustus and his true friends to soften, to amuse, to introduce all the arts, and tastes, and feelings which could induce forgetfulness of the more stirring excitements of the rostra and the senate ; to awaken the song of the poet, that the agitating eloquence of the orator might cause less regret ; to spread the couch of luxury, of elegant amusement, and of lettered ease, on wliich Rome might slumber away the remembrance of her departed liberties. Agrippa and Augustus himself may be considered as taking charge of the public amusements, erecting theatres, and adorning the city with magnifloent buildings of every description, transmuting the Rome of brick into the Rome of marble ; exhibiting the most gor- geous shows and spectacles ; distributing sumptuous largesses ; and compensating, by every kind of distraction and diversion, for the pri- vation of those more serious political occupations in the forum or at the comitia, which were either abolished by the constitution, or had languished into regidar and unexciting formalities.' Miecenas, in the mean time, was winning, if not to the party, or to personal attach- ment toward Augustus, at least to contented acquiescence in his sovereignty, those who would yield to the silken charms of social enjoyment. Though in the'Roman mansion or Baian villa, as after- ward in the palace on the Esquiline, no test of opinion might be de- manded, and no severe or tyrsmnous restriction be placed on the ease and freedom of conversation, republican sentiuTents, or expressions of dissatisfaction at the state of public affairs, would be so out of place at the hospitable banquets of Msceuas as to be proscriljpd by the common laws of courtesy or urbanity. Men's minds would be gradually reconciled to the suppression, if not to forgetfulness or , abandonment, pf such thoughts and feelings ; they were gradually taught how agreeably they might live under a despotism. Horace was not the oidy republican, nor the only intimate friend of Brutus, who took refuge in letters : '* Haec est Vita solutoiiim mlsera ombitiono gravique." He excused himself from the hopelessness of the cause, of which he still cherished some generous reminiscences. He still occasionally betrayed old associations, as in his flashes of admiration at the un- 1. The pantomimeB had begun to supenedc the regular drama. Pylades was ex- pelled by a faction, but recalledfrom exile by Augustus. In a dispute with Bathyl lus, who was patronlzecl by Mfficenas, Pylades cried out, " It is well for you, Cbb- sar, that the people trouble themselves so much about us, the less, therefore, about you." — Dio Cass., liv., 17. See, on the pantomimes of the Romans, an excellral dissortatiou by E. J. Qi-ysar, Ehcinischcs Museum. 1834. lilFE OF HORACE. XXXV broken spirit and noble death of Cato ; yet, nevertheless, he gradual- ly softened into the friend of the emperor's favorite, and at length into the poetical courtier of the emperor himself. Horace, indeed, asserted and maintained greater independence of personal character than most subjects of the new empire ; there is a tone of dignity and self-respect even in the most adulatory passages of his writings. Between the publication of the two books of satires, Horace re ceived from Maecenas the gift of the Sabine farm, the only product- ive property which he ever possessed, and on which he lived in mod- erate contentment. Nothing could be more appropriate than this gift, which may have been softened off, as it were, as a compensa- tion for his confiscated personal estate j the act of generosity may have recommended itself as an act of justice. Virgil had recovered his own native fields, but the estate of Horace had no doubt been irrevocably granted away. The Sabine farm had the recommenda- tion of being situated in a country as romantic, nearer to Rome, and at no great distance from the scenes in which Horace delighted be- yond all others in It%ly. The Sabine farm of Horace was situated in a- deep and romantic valley about fifteen miles from Tibur (Tivolij. The description of the farm, its aspect, situation, and climate, exactly correspond with the vsdley of Licenza, into which modern Italian pronunciation has melted the hard Digentia. The site, with some ruins of buildings, was first discovered, and discussed at len^jth by Capmartin dc Chaupy, in his " Maison de Carapagne d'Horace." It Jjas since been visited by other antiquarians and scholars, who have found al- most every name mentioned by the poet still clinging to the mount- ains and villages of the neighborhood. The estate was not extensive ; it produced corn, olives, and vines ; it was surrounded by pleasant and shady woods, and with abundance of the purest water ; it was superintended by a bailiff (villious), and cultivated by five farhilies of free colonj {Epist. i., 14, 3) ; and Horace «mployed about eight slaves {Sat. ii., 7, 118). To the munificence of MiEcenas we owe that peculiar charm of the Horatian poetry that it represents both the town and country life of the Romans in that age ; the country life, not only in the rich and luxurious villa of the wealthy at Tivoli or at Baias, but in the se- cluded retreat and emiong the simple manners of the peasantry. It might seem as if the wholesome air which the poet breathed during his retirement on his farm reinvigorated his natural manliness of mind. There, notwithstanding his bve of convivial enjoyment in the palace of Maecenas and other wealthy friends, he delighted to revert to his own sober and frugal mode of living. Probably at a later period of life he indulged himself in a villa at Tivoli, which he loved for its mild -winter and long spring ;' and all thg later years of -his life were passed between these two country residences and Rome. 1. For Tibur, see Carm. i., 7, 10-14 ; ii., 6, 5-8 ; id., 4, 21-34 ; iv, S, 87-31 ; id, 3, 10-12 ; Epod. i,, S9, 30 ; Epist i.. 7. 44-5 ; 8, 12. SXXVi LIFE OF HORACE. The second book of satires foUo-wed the first. It is evident, irom the first lines of this book, that the poet had made a strong impres- sion on the public taste. No writer, -with the keen good sense of Horace, -would have ventured on such expressions as the following, unless he had felt confident of his position : " Sunt quibus in Satlra videor nimia acer, et ultra Legem tendere opus ; eine nervis altera, quiequid Composoi, para esse putat, similesque meorum Mille die versus deduci posee."— Sat. ii., 1, 1, seggA This is the language of a privileged egotist; of one who had ac- quired a right, by public suffrage, to talk of himself. The victim of his satire will be an object of ridicule to the whole city : " Nee quiaquam noceat cupido mihi pacia 1 et ille Qui me commOrit (melius non tongere t ^amo) Flebit, et insignia tota cantabitur urbe." — ^Ib., 45, seqq.^ The sixth satire of this book is the most important in the chronolo- gy of the life and works of Horace.^ It was in the eighth year* of his familiarity with Mascenas that this satire was composed. To this must be added the nine months after his first introduction. If Horace returned to Rome in the vrinter after the battle of Philippi (A.XJ.C. 712, 713), time must be allowed for him to form his friend- ship with Virgil and with Varius, and to gain that poetic reputation by pieces circulated in private which would justify their recommenda- tion of their friend to Msecenas. The first introduction could scarce- 1. I subjoin the iEoitation of his best interpreter, at least, if not commentator : " There are (I acarce can think it^ but am told). There are to whom my satire seems too bold ; Scarce to wise Peter complaisant enough, And Bomething said of Chartres much too rough ; The.lines are weai, another's pleased to say, Lord Fanny spina a thousand such a day." — i'opc. " Peace is my dear delight, not Fleury'a more ! But touch me, and no minister so sore. Whoe'er offends, at some unlucky time, Slides into verse, or bitches in a rhyme ; Sacred to ridicule his whole life long. And the sad burden of a merry song."— Pcipe. 3. See Sat. ii., 6, 40-47. TMb pleasant passage is exquiaiteiy adapted by Swif) " 'Tis (let me see) three years and more (October next it will be four) Since Harley bid me first attend. And chose me for an humble friend ; Would take me in his coach to chat, And question me of this and that; As, What's o'clock 1 or How'a the wind ? Whose chariot's that we left behind ! Or, Have you nothing new to-day From Pope, from Parnell, or from Gay ?" &c., &c. 4. Some construe "Septimus octavo propior jam fiigerit annus" as only ^n years and a half, The past, fugerit, surely implies that the seventh year had on tually elapsed, and above half a year more. LIFE OP HORACE XXXVl y, therefore, be' earlier than A.U.C. 715. It is Impossible, therefore, that this book could be completed before late in A.U.C. 722, th« year before the battle of Aotium. If, however, there be an allusion to the division of lands to the soldiers engaged in that war, the date can not be before A.U.C. 721.' The book of epodes may be considered as in one sense the transi- tion from satire to lyric poetry. Though not collected or completed till the present period of the poet's life, this book appears to contain soifte of the earliest compositions of Horace. In his sweet youth, his strong passions drove him to express himself In the sharp iambic verse (Carm. i., 16, 22-4). Bentley's observation, which all would wish to be true, is perhaps more so than would appear from his own theory ; that, as it proceeds, the stream of the Horatian poetry flows not only with greater elegance, but with greater purity." The moral character of the poet rises in dignity and decency ; he has cast off the coarseness and indelicacy which defile some of his earliest pieces ; in his odes he sings to maidens and to youths. The two or three of the epodes which offend in this manner, I scruple not to assign to the first year after the return of the poet to Rome. But not merely has he risen above, and refined himself from, the grosser licentiousness, his bitter and truculent invective has gradually soft- ened into more playful satire. Notwithstanding his protestation, some of his earlier iambics have much of the spirit as well as the numbers of Archiloohus. The book of epodes was manifestly completed not long after the last war between Octavianus and Antony. The dominant feeling in the mind of Horace seems now to have been a horror of civil war. The war of Perugia, two years after Philippi, called forth his first indignant remonstrance against the wickedness of taking up arms, not for the destruction of Carthage, the subjugation of Britain, but to fulfill the vows of the Parthians for the destruction of Rome by hei 1. This part of the Bcntleian chronology ia, it may almost be asserted, impossi Me. Bentley refers (he partUlon of land alluded to in the celebrated line, •' Promissa Triquetra Freedia Cffisar an est Itala tellure daturus," to the division which followed the defeat of Sex. Pompeiiu. This defeat took place A.U.C. 718 ; the death of Pompeius A.U.O. 719. The eight years and a half alone would throw the presentation to Meecenas above the date of the battle of Philippi, A.U.C. 712. The only way of escape is to suppose that the division was promised, not fulfilled, and took several years to carry out But this is irreconcila^ ble with the accounts of this division In the historians, and the allusion in Horace to its first enactment aa to where the lands were to be assigned. 2. " In casteris autem singulis prfficedentis ajtataa gradua plenissimis signis in dicat ; idque tali ex hac eerie jam a me demonatrata jucundum erit animadvertere cum operibus juvenilibus multa obscena et flagitiosa insint, quanto annis provec tior erat, tanto eum ct poeticavirtute et argumentorum dignitate gravitateque me- liorem semper castioremque evasisse." — BmtUlus in preefat. But by Benfley'l theory, the worst of the epodes were written when he was 32 or 33 years old hardly " annis juvenilibus." The 14th bears date aftex' the intimacy was formed with MsBcenas. KXXVlll -LIFE OF HORACE. own hands.^ Both at that time and several years later likewise, just before the war of Actiura, the date of the first epode, the most ardent lover of liberty might deprecate the guilt and evil of civil war. It was not for freedom, but for the choice of masters between the sub- tle Ootavianus and the profligate Antony, that the world was again to be deluged with blood. The strongest republican, even if he retain- ed the utmost jealousy and aversion for Ootavianus, might prefer his cause to that of an Eastern despot, so Antony appeared, and so he was represented at Rome, supported by the arms of a barb^ab queen." It might seem that the fearful and disastrous times had broken up the careless social circle, for whose amuseinent and in- struction the satires were written, and that the poet was thrown back by force into a more grave and solemn strain. MiBcenas him- self is summoned to abandon his delicious villa, his intellectual friends, his easy luxury, and to mount the hard deck of the tall ships of war ■ " Ibis Libumis inter alta navium, Anuce, propugnacula." — ^Epod. i., 1. Horace was in doubt whether he should accompany his patron. Maj- cenas, however, remained in Italy; and, after a short absence, re- sumed the government of Rome. The first epode expresses the poet's feelings on this trying occasion, and perhaps has never been surpassed by any composition of its kind. There is hardly any piece of the same length in which the delicacy of compliment is so blended with real feeling, or gratitude and attachment expressed with so much grace and dignity. The exquisite second epode might natu- rally appear to have been written after the possession of the Sabine estate ; the close, in which he seems to turn all his own rural senti- ment into ridicule, is a touch of playfulness quite in his ovm man- ner. The ninth epode is, as it were, the poet's first song of trimnph for the victory at Aotium ; the triumph, not in a civil war, but over a foreign foe. In the fom-teenth there is an apology for his tardi- ness in completing the book of epodes which he had promised to Meecenas : " IhceptoB olim promifisum carmen lambos Ad umbilicuin ducere." 1. Read the seventh epode : " Quo quo scelesti ruitis 1 aut cur dexteria," &c. The tone of this poem agrees better with the entirely independent eitualion of Horace at the time of the war of Perugia, than later, when he was at least (al. though he was yet nnfavored by Octavlanus) the Mend of the friend of Octavianus. The seventeenth ode, in which he poetically urges the migration of the Roman people to some happier and secluded land, seems likewise to belong to that period. S. ** Interque signa, turpe, militaria Sol aspicit conopium." — ^£pod. is., 15. So Virgil, " Hinc ope barbarica, variisque -Antonius armis, Victor ab auroree populis et litore rubro jEgyptum, viresque Orientis, et ultima secum Bactra trahi1\ sequiturqufi (aetas) MgjpUa cotjux." •SSieid. viii . S85. LIFE OF HOUACB XXXIX Iho whole book appeared most probably A.U.C. 725, the second year after the battle of Aetium, in the thirty-sixth of the life of Horace. CHAPTER IV. HOKACE A LYRIC WRITER ORIGINALITY OF HIS ODES DATE OF COM POSITION MERITS OF THE ODES EPISTLES GENERAL COMPOSI- TION CHARACTER OF HORATIAN POETRY. Horace now became a lyric poet, or, rather, devoted himself en- tirely to the cultivation of that kind of poetry. The nine or ten years of his life after the battle of Aetium (A.U.C. 724 to 734, life of Horace 35 to 45) were employed in the composition, or the com- pletion, of the first three books of odes. The odes bear the character of the poet's life during this long period. He has reverted to his peaceful enjoyment of society. The sword of civil war is sheathed ; one of his earliest and noblest bursts is the song of triamph for Aetium, with the description of the death of Cleopatra. There is just exoitement,enough of foreign warfare on the remote frontiers of Spain, in Britain, in Arabia, to give an opportunity for asserting the Roman's proud consciousness of uni- versal sovereignty. Parthia consents to restore the standards of Crassus, or, at all events, has sent a submissive embassy to Rome ; the only enemies are the remotest barbarians of the North and East with harsh-sounding names. - "Urbisolicitus times Uuid Seres, et regnata Cyi'o Bactra parent, Tanaisque discors." — Carm. iU., 29, 26-8. Ootavianus has assumed the name of Augustus ; the poet has ac- quiesced in his sole dominion, and introduces him, for the first time, into his poetry under this his imperial title. , Public affairs and private friendships — the manners of the city — ^the delights of the country— all the incidents of an easy and honorable literary life — sug- gest the short poem which embodies the feelings and sentiments of Horace. His philosophical views and his tender attachments enable him to transport into Rome such of the more pleasing and beautiful lyrics of Greece as could appear with advantage in a Latin dress. Horace not only naturalizes the metres, but many of the poems of the Greek lyrists. Much ingenuity has been wasted in forming a chron- icle of the amours of Horace, almost as authentic, no doubt, as that in the graceful poem of our ovm Cowley. ' However fatal to the personality of the poet in many of his lighter pieces, I must profess my disbelief in the real existence of the Lalages, and Lydias, and Glyoeras, and Lyces, and Chloes. Their names betray their origin ; though many damsels of that class in Rome may have been of Greek or servile birth, many of them, no doubt, occupy the same place in the imitation of the Greek poem which they did. in the original.' 1 . (^omps-e an essay of Buttmann, in Gennan,.in the Berlin Transactions, and Id Xl LIFE OF HOKACB. '> By a careful examination of each ode, -witli a fine critical peroeptiou, and some kindred congeniality with a poetic mind, much might per- haps be done to separate the real from the imitative, the original from the translated or transfused. This would, at least, be a more hopeful and rational work of criticism than the attempt to date every piece from some vague and uncertain allusion to a contemporar) event. Some few indeed, but very few, bear their distinct and un- deniable date, as the ode on the death of Cleopatra (Carra. i., 37).^ According to the rigid chronology of Bentley, this poem must have been the first, or nearly the first, attempt of Horace to write lyric poetry. But it is far more probable that the books of odes con- tain poems written at very different periods in the life of Horace, finished up for publication on the separate or simultaneous appear- ance of the first three books. Even if written about the same time, they are by no means disposed in chronological order. The arrange- ment seems to have been arbitrary, or, rather, to have been made not without regard to variety of subject, and, in some respects, of metre. In the first book, the first nine and the eleventh might seem placed in order to show the facility with which the poet could com- mand every metrical variety, the skill with which, in his own words, he could adapt the Grecian lyric numbers to Latin poetry. The tenth, the Sapphic ode to Mercury, is the first repetition. There is, likewise, a remarkable kind of moral order in the arrangement of these odes. The first is a dedicatory address to his friend and patron Mascenas, the object of his earliest and of his latest song. The sec- ond is addressed to the emperor, by his new title, Augustus. The third relates to his dear friend and brotlier poet, Virgil ; then comes the solemn moral strain to Sestius, followed by perhaps the most finished of his love songs, to Pyrrha. Throughout the whole book, or, rather, the whole collection of odes, there seems this careful study of contrast and variety; the religious hymn to the god of mercurial mon is succeeded by the serious advice to Leuconoe. The just estimate of Horace, as a lyric poet, may be more closely his MythologuB, and translated in the Philologiqal Museum, vol. i., p. 439, segg. Buttmaim carries out to the extreme his theory, that most of the love-lyrics are translations or imitations &om the Greek, or poems altogether ideal, and without any real ground-work. 1. Within a few years there have been five complete chronologies of the whole works of Horace, which pretend to assign the true year to the composition of every one of his poems : I. Kirschner, QuEestiones Horataanee, Leipzig, 1834. 11, Franke Fasti Horatiani, Berlin, 1839. III. Histoire de la vie et des FoSsies de Horace, par M. le Baron Walckenaer, 2 vols., Paris, 1840 ; a pleasing romance on the life and times of Horace. IV. Quintus Horatius Flaccus, als Mensch und Dichter von T). W. E. Weber, Jena, 1844. V. Grotefend. The article Horatius in Ersch -and Gniber's Encyclopaedie. Besides these, there are, among later writers, the lives of Horace by Passow and by Zumpt; the notes in the French ti-anslatioTi of ihe odes by M. Vanderbourg ; the notes of Heindorf on the satires ; and o' Bchmid on the epistlHfl The Irreconcilable discrepancies among all these ingenious au- thors show thu futility 3f the attempt; almost every one begins by admitting th* impoBsibility of success, and then proceeds to &ame a new scheme. LIFE OP HORACE. Xl connected than appears at first with these considerations. Neither was his the age, nor was Latin the language for the highest lyrio song. The religious, and what we may call the national, the second inspiration of the genuine lyric, were both wanting. The religion in the Horatian ode is, for the most part, the common-place machinery of the established creed,"'the conventional poetic mythology, of which the influence was eflete. There is no deep and earnest devotion ; even the gods are rather those of Greek poetry than of the old Ro man faith. The allusion to passing events are those of a calm and self-possessed observer, ingeniously weaving them into his occasional pieces ; not the impassioned overflow of the poetic spirit, seizing am" pouring forth, in one long and inexhausted stream, all the thought! and sentiments, and images, and incidental touches, which are trans- muted, as it were, by the bard into part of his own moral being. As compared with the highest lyrio poetry, the odes of Horace are greatly deficient; but as occasional pieces inspired by friendship, by moral sentiment, or as graceful and finished love verses, they are perfect ; their ease, spirit, perspicuity, elegance, and harmony com- pensate, as far as may be, for the want of the nobler characteristics of daring conception, vehemence, sublimity, and passion. The separate or simultaneous publication of the first three books of odes, and the date of their publication, mainly depends on one question. If the voyage of Virgil to the East, on which the third ode of the first book was written, be that mentioned in the life of Virgil by Donatus, that book can not have appeared before the year U.C. 735, and in such case the three books must have been publish- ed together about that time. The epistles were the work of the mature man. The first book was written about B.C. 20, 19, A.U.C. 734, 735. No one doubts that these delightful compositions are the most perfect works of Horace ; but it is singularly difficult to define, even to our own con- ception, still inore in language, in what consists their felt and ac knowledged charm. They possess every merit of the satires in a higher degree, with a more exquisite urbanity, and a more calm and comriianding good sense. In their somewhat more elevated tone, they stand, as it were, in the midway between the odes and the satires. They are that, in short, which Pope, their best, if not their one successful imitator, is to English' poetry. The aesthetic law, which would disfranchise Horace and Piipe, and this whole class of writers, from the venerable guild of poeits, must depend upon what we mean by the word poetry. This ques- tion had already occurred to Horace himself. Some doubted whetier comedy was a form of poetry, and whether Aristophanes and Men in- der were to be honored With the name of poets [Sat. i., 4, 45). If pq§try must necessarily be imaginative, creative, impassioned, digni- fied*, it is also clear that it must become extinct in a certain state sf society, or, instead of transcribing the actual emotions and sentiments if men. it must throw itself back into a more .stirring and roraantio Xlii LIFE OF HOKACE. period. It mast make for itself a foreign realm in the past or in the future. At all events, it must have recourse to some remote or ex- traordinary excitement ; the calm course of every-day events can afr ford no subject of nspiration ; the decencies and conventional pro- prieties of civilized life lie upon it as a deadening spell; the assim- ilating and levelling tone of manners smooths away all which is striking or sublime. But may there not be a poetry of the most civilized and highly- cultivated state of human society; something equable, tranquil, serene ; affording delight by its wisdom and truth, by its grace and elegance ? Human nature in all its forms is the domain of poetry, ^nd though the imagination may have to perform a different office, and to exercise a more limited authority, yet it can not be thought, or, rather, can not be feared, that it will ever be so completely ex- tinguished in the mind of man as to leave us nothing but the every- day world in its cold and barren reality. Poetry, indeed, which thrills and melts ; which stirs the very depths of the heart and soul ; which creates, or stretches its reanimating .w.and over the past, the distant, the unseen, may be, and no doubt is, a very different production of the wonderful mechanism of the human mind from that which has only the impressive language and the harmonious expression, without the fiction of poetry ; but human life, even in. its calmest form, will still delight in seeing itself re- flected in the pure mirror of poetry ; and poetry has too much real dignity, too much genuine sympathy with universal human nature to condescend to be exclusive. There Is room enough on the broad heights of Helicon, at least on its many peaks, for Homer and Menan der, for Virgil and Horace, for Shakspeare, and Pope, and Covppev. May we not pass, without supposing that we ai-e abandoning the sacred precincts of the Muses, from the death of Dido to the epistle to Augustus ? Without asserting that any thing like a regular cycle brings round the taste for a particular style of composition, or that the demand of the human mind (more poetic readers must not be shocked by this adoption of the. -language of political economy) re- quires, and is still further stimulated by the supply of a particular kind of production at particular periods ; it may be said, in general, that poetry begets prose, and prose poetry — ^that is to say, wheu poetry has long occupied itself solely with more imaginative subjects, when it has been exclusively fictitious and altogether remote from the ordinary affairs of life, there arises a desire for greater truth for a more close copy of that which actually exists around us. Good sense, keen observation, terse expression, polished harmony, then command and delight, and possess, perhaps in their turn too exclu- sively, for some time, the public ear. But directly this familiarity with common life has too closely approximated poetry to prose when it is undistinguished, or merely distinguished from prose b^ a conventional poetic language, or certain regular forms of verse ■ then the poetic spirit bursts away again into freedom ; and, in o-en- UPE OF HORACE. Xlill eral, in its first sti-uggle fox* emancipation, brealts out into extrava ganoe ; the unfettered imagination runs riot, and altogether scorns the alliance of truth and nature, to -which it falsely attributes its long and ignoble thraldom, till some happy spirit ■weds again those ■which should never have been dissevered, and poetry bpcomes once more, in the language of one of its most enchanting votaries, " Truth severe in faery fiction dress'd." Hence may, perhaps, be formed a just estimate of the poetical char- acter of Horace. Of him it may be said, vrith regard to the most perfect form of his poetry, the epistles, that there is a period in the literary taste of every accomplished individual, as ■well a.s of every country, not certainly in ardent youth, yet far from the decrepitude of old age, in which we become sensible of the extraordinary and undefinable charm of these wonderful compositions. It seems to re- quire a certain maturity of mind; but that maturity by no means precludes the utmost enjoyment of the more imaginative poetry. It is, in fact, the knowledge of the world which alone completely quali- fies us for judging the writings of a man of the world ; our own practical ■wisdom enables us to appreciate that wisdom in its inest delightful form. CHAPTER V. POSITION OF HOEACE DURING THE DECLINE OF LIFE FEIENDSHIP WITH AUGUSTDS EELIGION OF HOIIACE PHILOSOPHY CLOSE OF HIS LIFE POETICAL CEITICISM ^EPISTLES TO AUGUSTUS AND AUT OF POETEY ^DEATH HIS PEESON. Nevee was position more favorable than that of Horace for the development of this poetic character. The later years of his life were passed in an enviable state of literary leisure. He has gradual- ly risen from the favorite of the emperor's friend to the poet in whose compositions the shrewd and sagacious emperor is said himself to have desired to be enshrined for the admiration of posterity. The first advances to intimacy with, the poet came from the emperor him- self. Augustus had at first been his own secretary ; he had written his ovTO letters to his friends ;" he ofiered that honorable and confiden tial post to the poet. He requested Maecenas to transfer our Horace, as he condescended to call him, into his service. When the poet de clines the offer, Augustus is not in the least offended, and does no', grow cool in his friendship. He almost tempts him to ask favors ; he assures him of his undiminished regard : " If you," lie says, " are sr proud as to disdain my friendship, I shall not beoonie haughty in my turn." He writes of him in terms of familiar, and, it may almost be said, coarse admiration.' The fourth book of odes and the secular 1. "Ante ipse suflSciebam scribendis epistolis Amicorum; nunc occupatissimnia et infirmus, Horatiura nostrum te cnpio addicere. 'Veniat igitur ab ista parasitica Bjensa ad banc regiani, et nos in epistalis scribendis adjuvet." See the fragments xllV LIFE OF HORACE. hymn were written at the express desire of tlie emperor, -who wm ambitious that the extraordinary virtues of his step-sons, Tiberius and Drusus, should be ooramemorated in the immortal strains of the poet. There is no reason to reproach Horace either with insincerity or with servility in his praises of the emperor. It is remarkable how much his respect for Augustus seems to strengthen, and his affection to kindle into personal attachment, as we approach the close nf his poetical career. The epistle to Augustus is almost, perhaps may have been quite, his latest poem. In the second book of epistles (which no doubt comprehended the Epistle to Pjso, vulgarly called ihe Art of Poetry), the one addressed to Augustus, whether prior or dot in time of composition, would of course assume the place of honor. Nor is it difficult to account for the acquiescence of the re- publican in the existing state of things, and that with no degrada- tion of his independence. With declining years increases the love of quiet ; the spirit of adventure has burned out, and body and mind equally yearn after repose. Under the new order of things, as wo have shown, Horace had found out the secret of a happy and an honorable life. His circumstances were independent ; at least they satisfied his moderate desires. He enjoyed enough of the busy so- ciety of the capital to give a zest to the purer pleasures of his coun- try retirement. He could repose in his cottage villa near Tivoli, amid the most lovely scenery, by the dashing and headlong Anio, at the foot of the Apennines. Hither his distinguished friends in Rome delighted to resort, and to partake of his hospitable though modest entertainment. Should he desire more complete retirement, he might visit his Sabine farm, inspect the labors of his faithful ' steward, survey his agricultural improvements, and wander among scenes which might remind him of those in which he had spent his childhood. He could not but contrast the happy repose of this period of his life with the "perils and vicissitudes of his youth ; do we won. der that he subsided into philosophic contentment with the existing order of things ? Augustus himself possessed that rare policy in an arbitrary mon- arch not to demand from his subjects the sacrifice of their independ- ence further than was necessary for the security of his dominion. The artful despot still condescended to veil his unlimited power un- der constitutional forms ; he was in theory the re-elected president of a free people ; and though these politic contrivances could only deceive those who wished to be deceived, yet they offered, as it were, honorable terms of capitulation to the opposite party, and enabled them to quiet the indignant scruples of conscience. Horace is a striking illustration of the success of that policy which thus tran- quilly changed Rome from a republic to a monarchy ; it shows how well Augustus knew how to deal with all classes of men ; how wise- of tho other letters of Augustus, in Suetonii Vit. Herat : " neque cnim si tu supcr- biiH (iraicitinni nostrara sprcvisti, ideo nos quoque AvOv-jTEpricbavoviitv." LIFE OF HORACE. xlv ly no wound the fetters of his personal influence over the Roman mind. Horace, on the other hand, may fairly be taken as a repre- sentative of a large, particularly the more intellectual, class of Ro- mans. We see the government stooping to flatter that order of men by familiarity, and receiving, in turn, that adulation -which could not but work into the public mind. For the first timet probably, writers , began to have much effect on the sentiments of the Roman people ; and when Virgil and Horace spoke in such glowing terms of Augus- tus, when they deified him in their immortal verses, we may be fis- sured that they found or made an echo in the hearts of multitudes. This deification, indeed, though we can not altogether exculpate its adulatory tone, must be judged according to the religious notions of Rome, not of Christianity. The religion of Horace is the religion of Rome — the religion of the age of Augustus. Almost every god in the Pantheon receives his tribute of a hymn from Horace ; each has his proper attributes, his traditional functions ; but it is the painter or the sculptor framing the divinity according to the rules of his art, and according to an established type, and setting it up for the worship of others, not the outpouring of real devotion. The very neatness and terseness of ex- pression shows the poverty of religious sentiment. Almost the latest of his lyric hymns is the Carmen Sseoulare. In this there is something more of the energy and life of inspiration ; but even this faint flash of enthusiasm is in character with the whole of the later Roman religionj The worship of the gods is blended with natural pride. They are the ancestral and tutelary deities of the Eternal Omnipotent City -which are invoked ; the sun, which, in its course, can behold nothing so great as Rome. It- is a hymn rather to the majesty of Rome than to the gods. The poetical apotheosis of the emperor is but this deification of Rome in another form ; in him cen- tered the administration of the all-powerful republic, and in him, therefore, its divinity. Yet Horace, if we pursue the subject of his religion, is not with out his apprehensions, his misgivings, his yearnings after more serious things ; the careless and Epicurean soorner of Pivine worship is, or fancies, or feigns himself to be, startled fi:om his thoughtless apathy by thunder from a clear sky; he is seized with a sudden access of respect for all-ruling Providence. As in tie. romantic adventure of his youth, so in the later accidents of life, his escape from perils by land and sea — from the falling flf a tree — ^he speaks with gratitude, apparently not insincere, of the Divine protection; nor is he without some vague sentiment of the general moral government of the gods. The depravation of manners is at once the cause and the consequence if neglected religion i ' Delicta majorum immeritus lues, Romane, donee templa refeceris. iEdesque labentes deorum et Fceda nigro simulacra f>mio. Xlvi LIFE OF HOEACE. Dii multa ne^Ucti dederunt Hespcriffl mala luctuosEB." And the oixusB of this vengeance is the general corruption of man- ners : " Fcecunda culpse asBcula nuptiaa Prinium inquinavere, et genus, et domos, Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit." Nor is he altogether above the vulgar superstitions of the times During his morning stroll through the city, whether for amusement, or not without some lurking belief in their art, he sfops to consuli the itinerant diviners, " who kept a kind of shop for the sale of ora- cles.'" The Canidia of Horace wants, indeed, the terrific earnest- ness of Lucan's Erichtho. The twin passions of unbelief and super- stition had by the time of Nero grown to a greater height. As Gib- bon justly observes, Canidia is but a vulgar witch; yet, if we may judge from the tone, Horace is at least as earnest in his belief in her powers as in those of Mercury or Diana.° The ingredients of her cauldron thrill him with quite as real horror as the protection of Faunus, or the rustic deities, which he invokes, fills him with hope or reverence. It is singular enough that we learn from Horace the existence of the Jews and their religion in the great capital of the world, and may conjecture the estimation in which they were held. It seems to have been a kind of fashionable amusement to go to the synagogue for the purpose of scofi[ing. Yet there is an indication of respect extorted, as it were, from the more sober-minded by the ration- al theism and simpler worship of this strange and peculiar people. The philosophy of the Horatian age, and of Horace bicoself, can not but force itself upon our notice in connection with his religion. How far had our poet any settled philosophical opinions ? To what extent did he embrace the doctrines of Epicurus ? The secret of his inclination toward these opinions was probably that which had influenced many Romans during the disastrous period of the civil wars. Weary with faction, unwilling to lend themselves to the am- bition of the leaders in either party, when the great and stirring strife between the patrician and popular interests had degenerated into the contest for personal supremacy between aspiring and unprincipled in- dividuals, some from temperament and apathy of character, like At- tious, others from bitter disappointment or sober determination, took refuge in the philosophy of self-enjoyment. In hortulU quiescet mis, vbi recubans molliter et delicate nos avocat a rostris, ajudidis, a cwia, fortasse sapienter, hoc prjBsertim repMica : even Cicero, in these expressive words, betrays a kind of regret that hei has not abandon- ed the barren, ungrateful, and hopeless labors of a public man, and 1. '* AeeiBto divinis," which tho worthy Mr. Creech renders '* went to churcV ■Tery day !" 3. Compare the witch of Hiddleton with thoae of Shak'speare. LIFE OP HORACE. XlVU joined the happy idlers in the peaceful villa or shady garden." It is a remarkable observation of M. Constant, and shows, after all, the singular discrepancy whioh so frequently exists between the opinions and actions of men, that, instead of unnerving the Roman spirit of liberty, or inducing a contemptuous apathy toward the public in- terests, the Grecian philosophy might seem to have inspired the last champions of Roman freedom with their generous sentiments of self- saoriflco — the devotion of their lives to the saered cause of their country. Brutus was a student of every branch of Grecian philoso- phy ; the genius which appeared to him on the field of Fhilippi is al- most in the spirit of the later Platonism. Cato died reading the Phsedo. Cicero, notwithstanding the occasional feebleness of his character, was unquestionably a victim to his own exertions in the cause of freedom. Cassius, the dark, and dangerous, and never- smiling Cassius, was an avowed disciple of Epicurus. The doctrines of Epicurus became doubly acceptable to those who sought not merely an excuse for withdrawing from public offices, but a consolation for the loss of all .share in the government. Epicurean- ism and Stoicism began to divide the Roman mind. Those of easier temper, and whose intellectual occupations were of a more graceful and amusing kind, forgot, either in the busy idleness of a gay town life, or in the sequestered ease of the beautiful villa, that the forum or the senate had ever been open to the generous ambition of theii youth. Those of a sterner oast, who repudiated the careless indo- lence of the Epicureans, retired within themselves, and endeavored, by self-adoration, to compensate for the loss of self-respect. The Stoic, although he could not disguise from his own mind that he was outwardly a slave, boasted that within he was king of himself. The more discnrsive, and, if we may so speak, tentative spirit of inquiry, which distinguished the earlier attempts of the Romans to naturalize Grecian philosophy — the calm and dispassionate investigation, which, with its exquisite perspicuity of exposition, is the unrivalled charm of Cicero's philosophic writings, seems to have gone out of vogue. Men embraced extreme opinions, either as votaries of pride or of pleasure, because they centered their whole energies upon the sub- ject, and, in the utter want of all other noble or lofty excitement, threw themselves with desperate vehemence into philosophy. With Horace, hovrever, that period was not arrived, nor does he seem to have em- braced any system of opinions with that eager and exclusive earnest- ness. His mind was by no means speculative. His was the plain, practical philosophy of common sense. Though he could not elude those important questioiis in which the bounds of moral and relisious inquiry meet ; though he is never more true-and striking than m his observations on the uncertainty of life, the dark and certain approaches of death — "nee quidquam Idbi prodeit^ Aerias lentasse' domos, animoquc rotundum Perearriase polum, morituro I" Xlvili LIFE OP HORACE. though these sentences are more solemn, occurring as they do ataong the gayest Epicurean invitations to conviviality and enjoyment, yet the wisdom of Horace — ^it may be said without disparagement, for it was the only real attainable wisdom — ^was that of the world. . The best evidence, indeed, of, the claims of the poet as a mora] philosopher, as a practical observer, and sure interpreter of hiunan nature in its social state, are the countless quotations from his works, which are become universal moral axioms. Their triteness is the seal of their veracity ; their peculiar terseness and felicity of expres- sion, or illustration, may have commended them to general accept- ance, yet nothing but their intuitive truth can have stamped them as household words on the memory of educated men. Jlorace might, seem to have thrown aside all -the abstmser doctrines, the more re- mote speculations, the abstract theories of all the different sects, and selected and condensed the practical wisdom in his pregnant poetical aphorisms. So glided away the later years of the life of Horace : he was never married ; he indulged that aristocratical aversion to legitimate wed- lock which Augustus vainly endeavored to correct by civil Bj:ivil«ges and civil immunities. The three epistles which occupy the last four or five years of his life treat principally on the state of Roman poetry. Horace now 'las attained the high place, if not of dictator of the public taste, of ■ine, at least, who has a right to be heard as an arbiter on such subjects. The first of these, addressed to the emperor, gains wonderfully in ,>oint and perspicuity if we take the key which is furnished by a (lassage in the life of Augustus by Suetonius. Horace is throughout of a modernischool of taste ; he prefers the finer execution, the fault- lessness, the purer harmony, the more careful expression, to the ruder •(igor, the bolder but more irregular versification, the racy but anti- quated language of the older writers. In this consisted much of his own conscious superiorily over Lncilius. But Augustus himself was vulgar enough to admire the old comedy ; he was constantly com- manding in the theatre the coarse and somewhat indecent plays' of Afranius and Plautus.' The privileged poet does not scruple play- fully to remonstrate against the imperial bad taste. His skill and adchress are throughout admirable. The quiet irony is perfectly free, yet never offensive ; the very flattery of the opening lines, which ex- alt to the utmost the power and wisdom of Augustus, which repre- sent him as an object of divine power and worship to the vulgar, is chastened, as it were, and subdued, because the emperor himself in critical judgment, is to appear but one of the vulgsir. The art with which the poet suggests, rather than unfolds, his argument, seems i at one moment to abandon and the next to resume it, is inimitable. He first gracefully ridicules the fashion of admiring poetry because it is old, not because it is good ; then turns to the prevailing mad- 1. "Sed plane poematum non imperitus, delectabatur etiam comoedia veteri el brffptj earn exliibuit pwblicia spectaculi8."~5Heioi., Octavius, cli. 89. LIFE OP IIOKACE. xHj ness of writing poo.ry, whioh had seized all ranke, and thus having cast aside the mass of bad modern poetry, ho nobly asserts the dig- nity and independence of the poetic function. He then returns, by a nappy transition, to the barbarous times which had given birth to the old Roman poetry ; oontreists the purity of the noble Greek models with their rude Roman imitators, first in tragedy, and then in come- dy ; and introduces, without effort, the emperor's favorite Plautus, and even Dossennus, to whose farces Augustus had probably listen- ed vpith manifest amusement. He does not, however, dwell on that delicate topic; he hastens away instantly to the general bad taste of the Roman audience, who preferred pomp, spectacle, noise, and procession, to the loftiest dramatic poetry ; and even this covert in- sinuation against the emperor's indifferent taste in theatrical amuse- ment is balanced by the praise of his judgment in his patronage of Virgil and of Varius, and (though with skillful modesty he affects to depreciate his own humbler poetry) of Horace himself. The Epistle to the Pisos was already, in the time of Quintilian, called the Art of Poetry ; but it is rather an epistle of poetry com- posed in a seemingly desultory manner, yet with the utmost felicity of transition from one subject to another, than a regular and syste- matic theory. It w^as addressed to Lucius Fiso and his two sons. The elder Piso was a man of the highest character, obtained a triumph for victories in Thrace, but was chiefly distinguished for the dignity and moderation with w^hich he afterward exercised for a long period the high and dangerous office of prisfect of the city. The happy conjecture of Wj^nd had been anticipated by Colman, that the epistle was chiefly addressed to the elder of the sons of Piso, who aspired to poetical fame without very great poetical genius. It was intended to be at once dissuasive and instructive ; to show the difficulties of writing good poetry, especially in a refined and fastidt ious age ; and, at the same time, to define some of the primary laws of good composition. It maintains throughout the superiority of the modern, and what we may call the Grecian, school of Roman poetry. After all, the admiration of Horace for the poetry of Greece waf by no means servile; though he wished to introduce its forms, its simplicity of composition, and exquisite purity of style, hs would have even tragedy attempt Roman subjects. And, with Horace, we must acknowledge that even if the poet had felt ambition, it was now indeed too late for Rome to aspire to originaUty in the very highest branches of poetry. She was conquered, and could only bear the yoke with as much nobleness and independence as she might. To give her song a Roman character, if it still wore a Grecian form, was all which was now attainable. Literature was native, as it were, to Greece, at least the higher branches, poetiy and history. It princi- pally flourished when the political institutions of Greece were in the highest state of development and perfection ; being a stranger and foreigner at Rome; it was only completely domiciliated when the national institutions, and, with them, the national character, had ex 3 I LIl'E OF HOKACK perienoed a total change. It was not till the Roman constitutMMi approached, or had arrived at a monarchical form, that letters wers generally or successfully cultivated. It was partly, indeed, her con ^uest of the world which brought Rome the literature and philoso- phy, as well as the other spoils of foreign nations. The distinction, nevertheless, must not be lost sight of; the genuine Roman char- acter, even under the Grecian forms, might and did appear in her literary language, and in all the works of her greater writers ; and in the didactie or common-life poetry, she could dare to be complete- ly original. In none was this more manifest than in Horace ; he was, after all, in most respects, a true Roman poet. His idiom, in the first place, was more vernacular (in all the better parts of his poetry he depart- ed less from common language, they were " sermoni jffopioira") . In the lyric poems we may sometimes detect the forms of Greek ex- pression; he has imitated the turn of language, as well ais the cast of thought and mechanism of verse. The satires and epistles have throughout tbe vigor and raciness of originality; they speak, no doubt, the language of the better orders of Rome, in all their strength and point. But these works are not merely Roman in their idiomatic expression, they are so throughout. The masculine and practical common sense, the natural but, not undignified urbanity, the stronger if not sounder moral tone, the greater solidity, in short, of the whple style of thought and observation, compensate for the more lively imagination, the greater quickness and fluency, and more easy ele- gance of the Greek. Of the latgr Grecian comedy, for which the poetry of Horace, as we have observed^was the substitute, we have less than of almost any other part of his literature ; yet, if we compare the fragments which we possess, we shall perceive the difference — on one side the grace and lightness of touch, the exquisite and un- studied harmony, the translucent perspicuity, the truth and the sim- plicity ; on the other, the rader but more vigorous shrewdness, the more condensed and emphatic justness of observation, the serious thought, which is always at the bottom of the playful expression. Horace is addressing men aecustomed to deal with men — ^men form- ■ ed in the vigorous school of public life ; and though now reposing, perhaps, from those more solid and important cares, maintaining that practical energy of character by which they bqjd forced their way to eminence. That sterner practical genius of the Roman people sur- vived the free institutions of Rome ; the Romans seemed, as it were, in their idlest moods, to condescend to amusement, not to consider it, like the Greek, one of the common necessities, the ordinary occupa- tions of life. Horace, therefore, has been, and ever will be, the familiar companion, the delight, not of the mere elegant scholal alone or the imaginative reWer, but, we had ahuost written, the manual of the statesman and the study of the moral philosopher. Of Rome or of the Roman mind, no one can know any thing who is not profoundly versed in Horace ; and whoever really understands. LIFE OP HOKACE. I'l Horace will have a more perfect and accurate knowledge of the Ko- man manners and Roman mind than the most diligent and laborious investigator of the Roman antiquities. The same year (XJ.C. 746, B.C. 8) witnessed the death of MiB- oenas and of Horace. The poet wsis buried near his friend, on the verge of the Esquiline Hill. MeBcenas died toward the middle of the year, Horace in the month of November, having nearly com- pleted his 57th year. His last illness was so sudden and severe that he had not strength to sign his will ; according to the usage of the time, he declared the emperor his heir. Horace has described his own person {Epist. i., 20, 24). ,He was of short stature, with dark eyes and dark hair {Art. Poet., 37), but early tinged with gray {Carm. iii., 14, 25). In his youth he was tolerably robust (Epist. i., 7, 26), but suffered from a complaint m his eyes {Sat. i., 5, 20). In more advanced age he grew fat, and Augustus jested about his protuberant belly {jlug., Epist. Fragm. aptui Sueton. in Vita). His health was not always good; he was not only weary of the fatigue of war, but unfit to bear it {Carm. ii., 6, 7 ; Epod. i., 15) j and he seems to have inclined to valetudinarian habits {Epist. i., 7, 3). When young, he was irascible in temper, but easily placable {Carm. i., 16, 22, &o. ; iii., 14, 27 ; Epist. i., 20, 25). In dress he was somewhat careless {Epist. i., 1, 94). His habits, even after he became richer, were generally frugal and abstemious ; though, on occasions, both in youth and in mature age, he indulged in free conviviality. He liked choice v^ine, and, in the ■ooiety of friends, scrupled not to enjoy the luxuries of his time. LIFE OF MJICENAS. (SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF BIOGRAPHY, &o.) M^cENAS, C. CiLNius. Of the life of Mseoenas we must be con- tent to glean what scattered notices we can from the poets and his- torians of Rome, since it does not appear to have been formally re- corded by any ancient author. We are totally in the dark both as to the date and place of his birth, and the manner of his education. It is most probable, however, that he was born some time between B.C. 73 and 63 ; and we learn from Horace {Ode iv., 11) that his birth-day was the 13th of April. His family, though belonging only to the equestrian order, was of high antiquity and honor, and traced its descent from the Lucumones of Etruria. The scholiast on Horace {Ode i., 1) informs us that he numbered Porsena among his ances- tors ; and his authority is in some measure confirmed by a fragment of one of Augustus's letters to Mseoenas, preserved by Maorobius (Sat. ii., 4), in which he is addressed as " berylk Porsena." His paternal ancestors, the Cilnii, are mentioned by Livy (x., 3, 5) as having attained to so high a pitch of power and wesilth at Arretium, about the middle of the fiilh century of Rome, as to excite the jeal- ousy and hatred of their fellow-citizens, who rose against and ex- pelled them ; and it was not vrithout considerable difficulty that they were at length restored to their country, through the interference of the Romans. The maternal branch of the family was likewise of Etruscan origin, and it was from them that the name of Mseoenas was derived, it being customary among the Etruscans to assume the mother's as well as the father's name {Miiller, Etrusker, ii., p. 404) . It is in allusion to this circumstance that Horace ^Sat. i., 6, 3) men- tions both his avus maternus atque patermis as having been distin- guished by commanding numerous lemons, a passage, by the way, from which we are not to infer that the ancestors of Msecenas had ever led the legions of Rome. Their name does not appear in the Fasti Consulares ; and it s manifest, from several passages of Latin authors, that the word Ugio is not always restricted to a Moman legion. (See Liv., x., 5 ; Sail., Cat,, 53, &c.) The first notice that occurs of any of the family, as a citizen of Rome, is in Cicero's speech for Cluentius {§ 55), where a knight named C. MsBoenas is mentioned among the robora populi Eomani, and as having been in- strumental in putting down the conspiracy of the tribune M. Livius Drusus, B.C. 91. This person has been generally considered the father of the snbieot of this memoir, but Frandsen, in his life of liv LIFE OP M^CENAS. Mseeenas, thiijks, and perhaps -with more probability, tliat it was his grandfather. About the same period, also, we find a Mseeenas men- tioned by Sallust in the fragments of his history (lib. iii.) as a scribe. Although it is unknown where MsBoenas received his education, it must doubtless have been a careful one. We learn from Horace that he was versed' in both Greek and Roman literature ; and his taste for literary pursuits was shown, not only by his patronage of the most eminent poets of his time, but also by several perfomianoes of his own. That at the time of Julius Csesar's assassination he was with Ootavianus at ApoUonia, in the capacity of tutor, rests on pure conjecture. Shortly, however, after the appearance of the latter on the political stage, we find the name of Mseeenas in frequent con- junction with his ; and there can be no doubt that he was of great use to him in assisting to establish and consolidate the empire ; but the want of materials prevents us from tracing his services in this way with the accuracy that could be wished. It is possible that he may have accompanied Ootavianus in the ceimpaigns of Mutina, Philippi, and Perusia ; but the only authorities for the statement are a passage in Propertius (ii., 1), which by no means necessarily bears that meaning ; and the elegies attributed to Pedo Albinovanus; but which have, been pronounced spurious by a large majority of the critics. The first authentic account we have of Maecenas is of his being employed by Ootavianus, B.C. 40, in negotiating a marriage for him with Scribonia, daughter of Libo, the father-in-law of Sextus Pompeius ; which latter, for political reasons, Ootavianus was at that time desirous of conciliating. {Appian, B. C, v., 53 ; Dio Cass., xlviii., 16.) In the same year, M^cenas took part in the negotia- tions with Antony (whose wife, Fulvia, was now dead), which led to the peace of Brundisium, confirmed by the marriage of Antony with Oetavia, CsBsar's sister. {Appian, B. C, v,, S4.) Appian's authority on this occasion is supported by the scholiast on Horace {Sat. i., 5, 28), who tells us that Livy, in his 127th book, had re- corded the intervention of Maecenas. According to Appian, how- ever, Cocceius Nerva played the principal part. About two years afterward MsBce^ps seems to have been employed again in negotia- ting with Antony (App., B. C, v., 93), and it'was probably on this occasion that Horace accompanied him to Briin4isium, a journey which be has described in the fifth satire of the first book. Mseee- nas is there also represented as associated with Cocceius, and they are both described as "aversos soliti coihppnere amicos." In B.C. 36 we find Maecenas in Sicily with Ootavianus, then en- gaged in an expedition ia,gainst Sextus Pompeius, during the course of which Mascenas was twice sent back to Rome for the purpose of quelling some disturbances which had broken out there. {Appian, B. C, v., 99, 112.) According to Dio Cassius (xlix., 16), this was the first occasion on which Maecenas became Caesar's vicege- rent ; and h& was intrusted with the administration not only of Rome, but of all Italy. His fidelity and talents had now been test. LIFE OF MjECENAS Iv ed by several years' experience ; and, it has probably been found that the bent of liis genius fitted him for the cabinet rather tlian the field, since his services could be so easily dispensed with in the latter. iFrom this time till the battle of Aotium (B.C. 31) history is silent concerning Maecenas j but at that period we again find him intrust- ■ed with the administration of the civil affairs of Italy. It has indeed been maintained by many critics that MEBoenas was present at the sea-fight of Aetlum ; but the best modern scholars who have discuss- ed the subject have shown that this eould not have been the case, and that he remained in Rome during this time, where he stipprebsed the conspiracy of the younger l/epidus. By the detection of this con- spiracy, Maecenas nipped in the bud what might have proved another fruitful germ of civil war. Indeed, his services at this period must have been most important and valuable ; and how fa,ithfully and ably he acquitted himself may be inferred from the unbounded confidence reposed in him. In conjunction with Agrippa, we now find him em- powered not only to open all the letters addressed by Caesar to the isenate, but even to alter their eontents as the posture of affairs at Rome might require, and for this purpose he was intrusted with his master's seal {Dio Cass., li., 3), in order that the letters might be delivered as if they had come directly from Octavianus's own hand. Yet, notwithstanding the height of favor and power to which he had attained, Maecenas, whether from policy or inclination, remained ■content with his equestrian rank, a circumstance which seems some- what to have diminished his authority with the populace. After -Octavianus's victory over Antony and Cleopatra, the whole power of the triumvirate centered in the former ; for Lepidus had been previously reduced to the condition of a private person. On his return to Rome, Caesar is represented to have taken counsel with Agrippa and Maecenas respecting the expediency of restoring the repubUo. Agrippa advised him to pursue that course, but Maecenas strongly urged him to establish the empire. The description of power exercised by Maecenas during the ab- sence of Caesar should not be confounded with the prafectmra urbis. It was not till after the civil wars that the latter office was establish- ed as a distinct and substantive one ; and, according to Dio Cassius {lii., 21), by the advice of Maecenas himself. This is confirmed by Taeitus {^rm., vi., 11), and by Suetonius (Aug., 37), who reckons it among the «o»o officio,. The prafectus urbis was a mere police magistrate, whose juvisdiction was confined to Rome and the adja- cent country, within a radius of 750 stadia ; but Maecenas had the charge of political as well as municipal affairs, and his administra- tion embraced the whole of Italy. It is the more necessary to at- tend to this distmction, because the neglect of it has given rise to the notion that Maecenas was never intrusted with the supreme adminis- tration after the close of the civil wars. It must be confessed, how- ever, that we have no means of determining with certainty on vv'hat occasions, and for how long, liter the establishment of the empire, IVi LIFE OF M/ECiiNAS. Maecenas continued to exercise liis political power, thongh, as Vw. fore remarked, we know that he had ceased to enjoy it in B.C. 16 That he retained the confidence of Augustus till at least B.C. 21 may be inferred from the fact that about that time he advised hfan to marry his daughter Julia to Agrippa, on the ground that he had made the latter so rich and powerful that it was dangerous to al- low him to live unless he advanced him still further. {Dio Camim, liv., 6.) Between B.C. 21 and 16, however, we have direct evi- dence that a coolness, to say the least, had sprung up between the emperor and his faithful minister. This estrangement, for it can not be called actual disgrace, is borne out by the silence of histo- rians respecting the latter years of Mseoenas's life, as well as by the express testimony of Tacitus, who tells us [Ann., iii., 30) that, daring this period, he enjoyed only the appearance, and not the reality, of his sovereign's friendship. The cause of this rupture is enveloped in doubt. Dio Cassius, however, positively ascribes it to Terentia, the beautiful wife of MEeoenas. The public services of Mseoenas, though important, were unob- trusive ; and, notwithstanding the part that he played in assisting to establish the empire, it is by his private pursuits, and more particu- larly by his reputation as a patron of learning, that he hsis been known to posterity. His retirement was probably far from disagreeable to him, as it was accompanied by many circumstances calculated to recommend it to one of his turn of mind, naturally a votary of ease and pleasure. He had amassed an enormous fortune, which Tacitus (jlrm., xiv., 53, 55) attributes to the liberality of Augustus. It has been sometimes insinuated that he grew rich by the proscriptions ; and Pliny (H. N., xxxvii., 4), speaking of Msecenas's private seal, which bore the impression of a frog, represents it as having been an object of terror to the tax-payers. It by no means follows, however, that the money levied under his private'seal was applied to his pri- vate purposes ; .and, had he been inclined to misappropriate the taxes, we know that Caesar's own seal was at his unlimited disposal, and would have better covered his delinquencies. Maecenas had purchased, or, according to some, had received from Augustus a tract of ground on the Esqniline Hill, which had former- ly served as a burial-place for the lower orders. {Hor., Sat. i., 8, 7.) Here he had planted a garden, and built a house remarkable for its loftiness, on account of a tower by which it was surmounted, and from the top of which Nero is said to have atfterward contemplated the burning of Rome. In this residence he seems to have passed the greater part of his time, and to have visited the country but sel- dom ; for, though he might possibly have possessed a villa at Tibur, near the falls of the Anio, there is no direct authority for the fact. Tacitus tells us that he spent his leisure wrbe in ipsa ; and the deep tranquillity of his repose may be conjectured from the epithet by which the same historian designates it, " velut peregnnum otium." {Ann., xiv., 63.) The height of the situation seems to have render LIFE or M^OENAS. Ivi) ed it a healthy abode (Hoi-., Sat. i., 8, 14), and we learn from Sue- tonius {.^ug., 72) that Augustus had on one occasion retired thither to recover from a sickness. Maecenas's house was the rendezvous of all the wits and virtuosi of Rome ; and whoever could contribute to the amusement of the company was always welcome to a seat at his table. In this kind of society he does not appear to have been very select ; and it was probably from his undistingubhing hospitality that Augustus called his board "parasitica mensa." {Suet., Vit. Hor.) Yet he was nat- urally of a reserved and taciturn disposition, and drew a broad dis- tinction between the acquaintances that he adopted for the amuse- ment of an idle hour, and the friends whom he admitted to his inti- macy and confidence. In the latter case he was as careful and chary as he was indiscriminating in the former. His really intimate friends consisted of the greatest geniuses and most learned men of Rome ; and if it was from his universal inclination toward men of talent that he obtained the reputation of a literary patron, it was by his friendship for such poets as Virgil and Horace that he deserved it. In recent tunes, and by some German authors, especially the celebrated Wieland in his Introduction and Notes to Horace's Epis- tles, MiEOenas's claims to the title of a literary patron have been de- preciated. It is urged that he is not mentioned by Ovid and Tibul- lus ; that the Sabine farm which he gave to Horace was not so very large ; that his conduct was perhaps not altogether disinterested, and that he might have befriended literary men either out of vanity or from political motives ; that he was not singular in his literary pa- tronage, which was a fashion among the eminent Romans of the day, as Messalla Corvinus, Asinius PoUio, and others ; and that he was too knowing in pearls and beryls to be a competent judge of the higher works of genius-. As for his motives, or the reasons why he did not adopt TibuUus or Ovid, we shall only remark, that as they are utterly unknown to us, so it is only fair to put the most liberal construction on them j and that he had naturally a love of literature for its own sake, apart from all political or interested views, may be inferred from the fact of his having been himself a voluminous author. Though literary patronage may have been the fashion of the day, it would be difficult to point out any contemporary Roman, or, indeed, any at all, who indulged it so magnificently. His name had become proverbial for a patron of letters at least as early' as the time of Mar- tial ; and though the assertion of that author (viii., 66), that the poets enriched by the bounty of Maecenas were not easily to be counted, is not, of course, to be taken literally, it would have been utterly ridiculous had there not been some foundation for it. That he was no bad judge of literary merit is shown by the sort of men whom he patronized — Virgil, Horace, Propertius, besides others almost their equals in reputation, but whose works are now unfortunately lost, as Varius, Tucoa, and others. But as Virgil and Horace were by fai the greatest geniuses of the age, so it is certain that they were mor* 3* Ivm LIFE OF MAECENAS. beloved by Maecenas, the latter especially, than any of their coutem. poraries. Virgil was indebted to him for the recovery of his farm, which had heen appropriated by the soldiery in the division of lands, B.C.. 41 ; and it was at the request of MsEcenas that he undertook the Georgics, the most finished of all his poems. To Horace he was a still greater benefactor. He not only procured him a pardon for having fought against Ootavianus at Philippi, but presented hira with the means of a comfortable subsistence, a farm in the Sabine country, if the estate was but a moderate one, we learn from Horace him- self that the bounty of Maecenas was regulated by his own content- ed views, and not by his patron's want of generosity {Carm. ii., 18, 14; iii., 16, 38). Nor was this liberality accompanied with any servile and degrading conditions. The poet was at liberty to write or not, as he pleased, and lived in a state of independence creditable alike to himself and to his patron. Indeed, their intimacy was rather that of two familiar friends of equal station, than of the royally-de- scended and powerful minister of Caesar with the son of an obscure freedman. But on this point we need not dwell, as it has been al- residy touched upon in the life of Horace. * Of Maecenas's own literary productions only a few fragments ex- ist. From these, however, and from the notices which we find of his writings in ancient authors, we are led to think that we have not suffered any great loss by their destruction ; for, although a good judge of literary merit in others, he does not appear to have been an author of much taste himself. It has been thought that two of his works, of which little more than the titles remain, were tragedies, namely, the Prometheus and Octa/via. But Seneca (Ep. 19) calls the former a book (librwm) ; and Octavia, mentioned in Priscian (lib. 10), is not free from the suspicion of being a corrupt reading. An hex- ameter line supposed to have belonged to an epic poem, another line thought to have been part of a galliambic poem, one or two epigrams, and socle other fragments, are extant, and are given by Meibom and Frandsen in their lives of Maecenas. In prose he wrote a work on Natural. History, which Pliny several times alludes to, but which seems to have related chiefly to fishes and gems. Servius {ad Virg., JBn., viii., 310) attributes a Symposium to him. If we may trust the s^me authority, he also composed some memoirs of Augustus ; and Horace (Carm. ii., 12, 9) alludes to at least some project of the kind, but which was probably never carried into execution. Mjb- eenas's prose style was afiected, unnatural, and often unintelligible, and for these qualities he was derided by Augustus. {Suet., Aug., 26.) Macrobius (Saturn., ii., 4) has preserved part of a letter of the emperor's, in which he takes off his minister's way of writinir. The author of the dialogue De Causis Corrupts Eloquentice (c. 26) enu- merates hira £imong the orators, but stigmatizes his affected style by the term calamistros Macenatis. Quintilian (Inst. Orat., xi., 4, § 28) and Seneca (Ep. 114) also condemn his style; and the lattei iiiuthor gives a specimen of it which is almost wholly unintelligib'a lilFE OF M/ECENAS. llX Yet he likewise tells us {Ep. 19) that he -would have k«en very eloquent if he Had not been spoiled by his good fortune, and allows him to have possessed an ingenium grande et virile {Ep. 92). Ac- cording to Dio Cassius (Iv., 7), Mseoenas first introdaoed short hand, and instructed many in the art through his freedman Aquila. By other authors, however, the invention has been attributed to various persons of an earlier date ; as to Tiro, Cicero's freedman, to Cicero himself, and even to Ennius. But, though seemingly in possession of all the means and appli- ances of enjoyment, Maecenas can not be said to have been altogether bappy in his domestic life. His wife, Terentia, though exceedingly beautiful, was of a morose and haughty temper, and thence quarrels were continually .occurring between the pair. Yet the natural ux- oriousness of Msecenas as constantly prompted him to seek a recon- ciliation; so that Seneca {Ep. 114) remarks that he married a wife a thousand times, though be never had more than one. Her influence over him was so great, that, in spite of 'his cautious and taciturn tem- per, he was on one occasion weak enough to confide an important state secret to her, respecting her brother Mursena, the conspirator {Suet., .Aug., 66 ; Dio Cass., liv., 3). Maecenas himself, however, was probably in some measure to blame for the terms on which he lived with his -wife, for Tie was far from being the pattern of a good husband. In his way of life Maecenas was addicted to every species of luxury. We find several allusions in the ancient authors to the effeminacy of his dress. Instead of girding his tunic above his knees, he suffered it to hang loose about his heels, like a woman's petticoat ; With regard to the caesura of the foot, it is worth noticing, that in the Greek Sapphics there is no necessity for any conjunction of the component feet by caesura, but every foot may be term- inated by an entire word. This freedom forms the characteris- tic feature of the Greek Sapphic, and is what chiefly distinguish- es it fi'om the Latin Sapphic, as exhibited by Horace. In Sapphics, the division of a word between two lines fre- quently occurs ; and, what is remarkable, not compound, but simple words, separately void of all meaning ; as, Lahitur ripa, Jove non probante, ux- orius amnis. This circumstance, together with the fact of such a division Ixviii METRES OP HORACE. taking place only between the third Sapphic and the concluding Adonic,' has induced an eminent prosodian (Di-. Carey) to en- tertain the opinion that neither Sappho, nor Catullus, nor Hor- ace ever intended the stanza to consist of four separate verses, but wrote it as three, viz., two five-foot Sapphics and one of seven feet, (including the Adonic) ; the fifth foot of the long verse being indiscriminately either a spondee or a trochee. The ordinary mode of reading the Sapphic verse has at length begun to be abandoned, and the more correct one substituted, which is as follows : There is still, however, as has been remarked, some doubt which of the accented syllables ought to have the stronger ac- cent and which the weaker. (Consult Journal of Education, vol. iv., p. 356 ; Penny Cyclopiedia, art. Arsis.) 11. CHORIAMBIC PENTAMETER. The choriambic pentameter consists of a spondee, three chor- iambi, and an iambus ; as, Ta ne I queeslerls, | s(yire nefds, | quSm mXhl, quem | till. 12. ALTERED CHORIAMBIC TETRAMETER. The proper choriambic tetrameter consists of three choriam bi and a bacchius (i. e., an iambus and a long syllable) ; as, Jane pdtlr, | Jdni tuens, | dlvS hiceps, | Mformls. (Sept. Serenas.) Horace, however, made an alteration, though not an improve- ment, by substituting a spondee instead of an iambus in the first measure, thus changing the choriambus into a second epitrite, viz., Te dios 0\r5 Sybdrin | ciir prSpSres | dmando. The choriambic tetrameter, in its original state, was called 1. The divisiona wWch take place between the other lines of the Sapphic stanza, when they are not common cases of synapheia (as in Horace, Cflnn. ii., 2, 18), will be found to regard cmipcmtid words only, and not s^pU ones. The nde of Hor- ace (iv., S) which begins Findarum quisguis atudet amulari Xule — furnishes no exception to this remark. A synteresis operates in 7u2e, which must be read as if written Tide. METRES OF HOKACE. .XIX PlmlsBcian, from the poet Phalsecius, who used it in some of his (■nmpositions. 13. ASCLEPIADIC CHORIAMBIC TETEAMETER. This verse, so called from the poet Asclepi&des, consists of a spondee, two cboriambi, and an iambus ; as, M.cece\nas dtdv%s \\ editi re\gibils. The CcEsural pause takes place' at the end of the first chori- ambus, on which account some are accustomed to scan the line as a dactylic pentameter catalectic ; as, Maci\nds dtd\vis || edUS | rlglhiis. But this mode of scanning the verse is condemned by Teren- tianus. Horace uniformly adheres to the arrangement given above. Other poets, however, sometimes, though very rarely, make the first foot a dactyK 14. CHORIAMBIC TRIMETER, OR GLTCONIC. The Glyconic verse (so called from the poet Glyco) consists of a spondee, a choriambus, and an iambus ; as. Sic te II dlvd, pStens \ Cypn. But the first foot was sometimes varied to an iambus or a tro- chee; as, Bdnls II crede fuga\ciius. (Bogthius.) Vlds I! implicat ar\'bores. (Catullus.) Horace, however, who makes frequent use of this measure, invariably uses the spondee in the first place. As the pause in this species of verse always occurs after the first foot, a Glyco- nic may hence be easily scanned as a dactylic trimeter, provid- ed a spondee occupy the first place in the line ; as. Sic te I dlvd, pS[tens Cyprl. 15. CHORIAMBIC TRIMETER CATALECTIC, OR FHERECRATIC. The Pherecratic verse (so called from the poet Pherecrites) is the Glyconic (No. 14) deprived of its final syllable, and con sistB of a spondee, a choriambus, and a catalectic syllable ; as, GratS 1 Pyrrhd sUh dn\trO. Horace uniformly adheres to this arrangement, and hence n him it may be scanned as a dactylic trimeter : hex METRES OF HOKACB. CfraiO I P§rrhd sM \ antra. Other poets, however, make the first foot sometimes a tro chee or an anapaest, rarely an iambus. 16. CHORIAMBIC DIMETER. The choriambic dimeter consists of a choriambns and a bac- chlus ; as, Lydld, die, | per omnes. This measure occurs once in Horace, in conjunction with an- other species of choriambic verse. 17. IONIC a minore. Ionic verses are of two kinds, the. Ionic a majore and the lonie o minore, called likewise lonicus Major and Ibjiicus Minor, and' so denominated from the feet or measures of which they are respectively composed. The Ionic a minore is composed entirely of the foot or meas- ure of that name, and. which consists of a pyrrhic and a spondee, as ddc&tsslnt. It is not restricted to any pai'ticular number of feet or measures, but may be extended to any length, provided only that, with due attention to synapheia, the final syllable of the spondee in each measure be either naturally long, or made long by the concourse of consonants ; and that each sentence or period terminate with a complete measure, having the spon- dee for its close. Horace has used this measure but once (Qarm. iii., 12), and great difference of opinion exists as to the true mode of arrang- ing the ode in which it occurs. If we follow, however, the au- thority of the ancient grammarians, and particularly of Terenti- anus Maurus, it will appear that Ihe true division is into stro- phes ; and, consequently, that Cuningam {Animadv. in HoraU, Bentl., p. 315) is wrong in supposing that the ode in question was intended to run on in one continued train of independent tetrameters. Cuningam's ostensible reason for this aiTange- ment is, that Martianus Capella (i?« Nwpt. Philol., lib. 4, cap. ult) has composed an Ionic poem divided into tetrameters : the true cause would appear to be his opposition tb Bentley. This latter critic has distributed the ode into four strophes, each con- sisting of ten feet ; or, in other words, of two tetrameters follow METRES OF HORACE. IjSX) ed i)y a dimetei'. The strict arrangement, he remarks, would be into four lines merely, containing each ten feet ; but the size of the modern page prevents this, of course, from being done. The scanning of the ode, therefore, according to the division adopted by Bentley, will be as follows : Mtserdrum est \ neque dmorl \ ddrS ludum, \ nlqul dulcfl Mala vino \ lavere, aut ex\animari, \ metuentes PdtrUce ver\Mrd llnguee. The arrangement in other editions is as follows : M'istrarum est \ neque dmorl | ddre lud&m, Neque dulci | mata vino \ lavere, aut ex- -dnimarl | metuentes | jidtrii^ vBr\bird UngSSl, Others, again, have the following scheme : Miserarum est \ neque amori | dare ludum, Neque dulci \ mala vino | lavere, aut ex- -animari \ metuentes | patruie VSrMrd | lingua, &c. Both of these, however, are justly condemned by Bentley. 18. GREATER ALCAIC. This metre, so called from the poet Alcaeus, consists of two feet, properly both iambi, and a long catalectic syllable, followed by a choriambus and an iambus, the csesural pause always fall- ing after the. catalectic syllable ; as, Vides I at dl\td || stet nlve can\didum. But the first foot of the iambic portion is alterable, of com-se, to a spondee, and Horace much more frequently has a spondee than an iambus in this place ; as, md\tre pul\chrd \^fiUdpiil\chrior. The Alcaic verse is sometimes scanned with two iactyls in the latter njember ; as, Vides 1 utdl\ta || stet nlve] cdndidiim. The Alcaic stanza consists of four lines, the first and second being greater Alcaics, the tliird an iamMc dimeter hypermetef (No. 8), and the fourth a minor Alcaic (No. 20). For some remarks on the structure of the Alcaic stanza, con suit Anthon's Latin Versijication, p. 224, seqq. Ixxii METRES OP HOKACE. 19. ARCHIIiOCHIAN HEPTAMETER This species of verse consists of two members, the first a dac- tylic tetrameter a priore (vid. No. 2, in notis), and the latter ai trochaic dimeter brachycatalectic ; that is, the first portion of the line contains four feet from the beginning of a dactylic hex- ameter, the fourth being always a dactyl, and the latter portion consists of three trochees ; as, SolvU&r 1 dcr^s hy\ems gra\td v%cS \\ ySrls | et Fd.\vOni. 20. MINOR ALCAIC. This metre consists of two dactyls followed by two trochees, as, ieaia | persdn,ii\ere [ saxd. 21. DACTYLICO-IAMBIC. This measure occurs in the second, fourth, and other even lines of the eleventh Epode of Horace, omitted in the present edition. The first part of the verse is a dactylic trimeter cata- lectic (No. 3), the latter part is an iambic dimeter (No. 7) ; as, Scnhtrl I versic&\los || dm6\re peT\cUlsum, \ grdvl. One peculiarity attendant on this metre will need explanation. In consequence of the union of two different kinds of verse into one line, a licence is allowed the poet with regard to the final syllable of tlie first verse, both in liengthening short syllables and preseiTing vowels from elision. Hence lines thus composed of independent metres are called iavvapTriToi, or inconnexi on account of this medial license. Ar- chilochus, according to Hephaestion, was the first who employ- ed them. {Beniley, ad Epod. 11.) Many editions, however, prefer the simpler, though less correct, division into two dis- tinct measures ; as, ScriMrS | versicii\los Anio\ri per\\ciilsiim \ grain. 22. IA9IBIC0-DACTTLIC. This measure occurs in the second, fourth, and other even lines of the thirteenth Epode of Horace, as it is arranged in this edition. The first part of the verse is an iambic dimeter (No. U£TEES OF HORACK. Ixxiil 7), the latter part is a dactylic trimeter catalectic (No. 3). It is, therefore, directly the reverse of the preceding. dcca\siO\nem.dB | die: || dUmqul vl\r&nt gSnii\a. The license mestioned in the preceding measure takes place also in this ; as, Epoi Line. 13. 8. Red icet in sedem vice. Nunc, &c. 10. Leva,re dirts pectorft soUicitudinibus. 14. Findunt Scamandri flumina, tubruMs, &c. These lines are also, like those mentioned in the preceding Bection,acaIled iawdpniroe, or inconnexi. Many editions prefer |he following arrangement, which has simplicity in its favor, but not strict accuracy : Ocea\ao\\nem dl\dlB: ' Dum^ ift\'ent genii\&. 4 METRICAL INDEX TO THE LYRIC COMPOSITIONS OF HOEACE.* j£li, Vetnsto 18, iC s, 20 ^quam memento ... 18, 18, 8, 20 Altera jam teritur . .. 1, 5 Angastam, amice.... 18, 18, 8, 20 At, Deonim 5, 7 Bacohnm in rSmotia . 18, 18, 8, 20 BeatQS ille 5, 7 CcbIo supinas 18, 18, 8, 20 Ccalo tonantem 18, 18, 8, 20 Com, ta, Lydia 14,13 Cur me qncrelis 18, 18, 8, 20 Deliota majorum 18, 18, 8, 20 Descende coslo 18, 18, 8, 20 Dianam, tenerss 13, 13, 15, 14 Diffagere nives 1, 3 Dive, quern proles ... 10, 10, 10, 4 Bivis orte bonis ..... 13, 13, 13, 14 Douarem pateras . . . 13 Donee gratas eram tibi 14, 13 Bhen! fagaces 18, 18, 8, 80 Est mlhi nomim 10, 10, 10, 4 Et tbure et fidibas .. 14, 13 Exegi monimentam.. 13 Faune, Nympharum . 10, 10, 10 4 Festo quid potiua die 14,13 Herculis rita . 10, 10, 10 4 Horrida tempestas. .. /I, 22 . Ibis Libamis........ 5, 7 Icoi,'beatis 18, l8, 8,20 lUeetnefasto i8,*18, 8,20 Impios paiTae ... 10,10,10, 4 Inclusam Danaen 13, 13, 13, 14 Intactis opalentior... 14,13 Integer vitiE 10,10,10, 4 Jam'jam efficaci ..... 5 Jam pauca aratro.... 18,18, 8,20 Jam satis terris ..... 10, 10, 10, 4 Jam veris comites .... 13, 13, 13, 14 Jastam et tenacem .. 18, 18, 8, 20 Laudabaut alii...:.. 1, 2 Lapis et, agnis 5, 7 Lydia, die, per omnes 16, 12 Maecenas atavis 13 Mala soluta 5, 7 Martiis coelebs .. . 10, 10, 10, 4 'MaterBmTaGupidinaml4, 13 Mercari, facuude .... 10, 10, 10, 4 Mercuri, nam te 10,10,10, 4 Miseraram est. ...... 17 Montiamcastosft..... 10,10,10, 4 Motam ex Metello... 18,18, 8,80 Musis amicus 18, 18, 8, 20 Natisinusum 18,18, 8,20 Ne forte oredas 18,18, 8,80 Nolis longa fens 13, 13, 13, 14 Non ebur, neqne 9, 6 ♦ The numbers refer to the several metres, as they have just been explained. Thus, in the ode beginning with the words .^i, VeOato, the flret and second lines ^ each stanza are Oreiaer Alcaics (No. 18), the third itoo is an Iambic Dimeter (Na 6), and the last line a Minor Alcaic (No. 20); and so of the rest METRICAL INDEX. Ixxv Non semper imbrss .. 18, 18, 8, 30 Non nsitata 18,18, 8,20 N'ullam, Vare 11 NuUus argento 10, 10, 10, 4 Nunc est bibendum .. 18, IS, 8, SO Diva, gratam 18, 18, 8, 20 O fons Baadusiee 13, 13, IS, 14 O matre pnlohra 18, 18, 8, 20 Onatamecam 18,18, 8, SO O navis, referunt .... 13, 13, IS, 14 O stepe mecum 18, 18, 8, 20 O Venus, regina 10, 10, 10, i Odi profanum 18, 18, 8, 20 Otium Divos 10, 10, 10, 4 Parens Qeoram 18,18, 8,20 FaMntis olim S, 7 Pastor qnam traheret. 13, 13, 13, 14 Persidos odi 10,10,10, 4 Phoebe, sylvarumque. 10, 10, 10, 4 Phosbas volentem 18,18, 8,20 Pindambiquisquis ... 10,10,10, 4 Poscimur: si quid ... 10, 10, 10, 4 Q.UIB cora patram ... 18, 18, 8, SO dnalemministrum... 18,18, 8, SO duando repostttm ... S, ~ Q,aantnm distet ..... 14, 13 Q.uem tu, Itlelpomene 14, 13 Q,uem vimm 10,10,10, 4 Q,uid bellicosus 18, 18, 8, 20 auid dedicatum 18, 18, 8, 20 Q.aid immerentes.... 5, 7 auis desiderio 13, 13, 13, 14 Q,uis multa gracilis .. 13, 13, IS, 14 duo, me, Bacche .... 14, 13 duo, quo, scelesti ... 5, 7 Bectius vives 10,10,10, 4 Scriberis Vario 13, 13, 13, 14 Septimi Gades .'. 10, 10, 10, 4 Sicte, Diva 14, 13 Solvitur acris byeius . 19, 6 Te maris et terrse ... 1, S Ta ne quoasieris 11 Tyrrhena regnm 18,18, 8,20 Veloxamoenum 18,18, 8,20 Vides ut alta 18, 18, 8, 20 Vile potabia 10, 10, 10, 4 Q. H OR AT 1 1 PL Acer C A RM I NUM LIBEE PEIMTJS. Cakmen I. AD M^CENATEM. MaiOENAS, atavis edite regibus, O et praesidium et duloe decus meum, Sunt quos curricnlo pulverem Olympicura Collegisse juvat, metaque fervidis Evitata rotis palmaque notilis ' 5 Terrarum dominos evehit ad Deos ; Hunc, si motilium turba Quiritiiim Certat tergeminis tollere honoribus ; Ilium, si proprio condidit horreo Quidquid de Libyois verritur areis. 1 fl Gaudentem patrios findere sarculo Agios Attalicis condiidonibus , ; Nunquam demoveas, ut trabe Cypim_ ,^»^v^ " * '' ,' ^ . Myrtoum, pavidus nantar'seoet mare. ■ Luctantem loariis iluotibus Africum i •"> Mercator metuens otium et oppidi Laudat rura sui ; mox reficit rates Quassas.sindocilis pauperieni pati. r vfr*''"^ ' Est qui neo veteris pocula Massici, ~ '' ,; ,ii* »" Neo partem solido demere de die 20 Spernit, nunc viridi membra sub arbuto. Stratus, nunc ad aquas lene caput sacraj. A 2 a. HORATII FLAOCI ^^ ^--^ ' ' ' ■' Multos castra juvantl et lituo tubas „ .- "Perniixtus sonitus, tellaque matribus Detestata. Manet sub Jove frigido 25 Venator, tonerse oonjugis immemor, Seu visa est catulis oerva fideliLus, Seu rupit teretes Marsus aper plagas. Me dootaram hederae prasmia frontium «^,n.. Dismisoent superisj_me gelidum nemus 30 Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori Seoemunt populo, si neque tibias ,j,.v^-v* Euterpe cohibet, nee Polyhymnia ' ■ '^ : Lesboum refugit tendere barbiton. _ Qubd si me lyricis vatibus inseris, - ^-^-^ - ' 35 Sublimi feriam sidera vertice. Carmen II. AD AUGUSTUM CiESAEEM. Jam satis teixis nivis atque dira3 Grandims misit Pater, et, rubente Dextera sacras jaculatus arces, Terruit urbem : Terruit gentes, grave ne rediret ■ & Saeculum PyrrhaB nova monstra questie, Omne quum Proteus pecus egit altos Visere montes, Piscium et smnma genus haesit ulmo, Nota quBB sedes fuerat palumbis, lO Et supeqeoto pavidae natarunt JEqp-Oie damae. Vidimus flavum Tiberim, retortis Litore Etrusco violenter undis, S.'] OARMINUM. LIBER I. 8 Ire dejeotum monimenta £.egis, ' "^ Templaque Vestae, HisB dura se nimiiun querent! Jactat ultorem, vagus et sinistra Labitur ripa, Jove non probante, ux- orius amnis. 2V Audiet cives acuisse ferrum, Quo graves Persae melius perirent ; Audiet pugnas, vitio parentum B.ara, juventus. Quern vooct Divum populus ruentis 4!) Imperi rebus ? prece qua fatigent Virgines sanctae minus audientem '■5/- Carmina Vestam ? Cui dabit partes soelus expiandi Jupiter ? Tandem venias, preoamur, 30 " - Nube candentes humeros amictus, ak-w "1- Augur Apollo ; Sive tu mai^s, Eiyoina ndens, Quam Jocus circum volat et Cupido ; Sive neglectum genus et nepotes 30 t«i.. :-c Respicis, auctor, toiv Heu ! nimis longo satiate ludo. Quern juvat clamor galeseque leves, Acer et Marsi peditis cruentum ''' ^ Vultus in hostem ; 40 ;.- 1-'- Sive mutata juvenem figura, Ales, in terris iraitaiis, almse Q, IIOKATII FL.ACCI [2, 3.:, Filius Maiae, patiens vocari Csesaris ultor : Serus in ooelum redeas, diuque ib Laetus intersis populo Quirini, Neve te, nostris vitiis iniquum, Ocior aura Tollat. Hie magaos potius triuxc^liog, Hie ames dici Pater atque Princeps, 50 Neu sinas JMedos equitare multos, Te duce, Caesar. Carmen III. AD VIRGILIUM. Sie te Diva, potens Cypri, Sic fratres Helense, lucida sidera, Ventorumque regat pater, . . , Obstrictis aliis prseter lapyga, Navis, qusB tibi oreditum 5 Debes VirgUium finibus Atticis, £.eddas incolumem precor, Et serves animse dimidium meae. Illi robur et aes triplex f> •H' Circa pectus erat, qui fragilem truci 10 Commisit pelago ratem ^, ^ Primus, nee timuit praecipitem Africum Deoertantem Aquilonibus,'" ' Nee tristes Hyadas, nee rabiem Noti; Quo non arbiter Hadriae Ifi Major, toUere seu ponere vult freta. Quem Mortis timuit gradum, , Qui rectis oculis monstra natantia, 3, 4,J CAEMINUM. LIBER I. ^ Qui vidit mare turgidiim et 'f- Infames scopulos Aorooeraunia ? 20 Nequidquam Deus absoidit Prudens Oceano dissociabili Terras, si tamen impise . Non tangenda rates translliunt vada. Audax omnia perpeti 25 Gens humana ruit per vetitum et nefas. Atrox lapeti genus Ignem fraude mala gentibus intulit : Post ignem Eetheria dome Subductum, Macies et nova Febrium 30 Terris incubuit cohors : Semotique prius tarda necessitas Leti corripidt gradum. Expertus vacuum Daedalus aera Pennis non homini datis. 35 Perrupit Aoheronta Herculeus labor. Nil mortalibus ardui est : CoBlum ipsum petimus stultitia : neque Per nostrum patimur scelus Tracunda Jovem ponere fulmina. Cahmen IV. AD L. SESTIUM. Solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoiii, Trahuntque siccas machinas carinas. Ac neque jam stabulis gaudet pecus, aut arator igni ; Nee prata canis albicant pruinis. Jam Cytherea chorQs ducit Venus, imminente Luna, Junotseque Nymphis Gratiae decentes Altemo terram quatiunt pede ; dum graves Gyclopum Vulcanus ardens urit officuias. A 2 6 a. HOEATII FLACCI [4, 5 Nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto, Aut flore, terras quem ferunt solutiE ; 10 Nunc et in umtrosis Fauno decet immolare lucis, Seu poscat agna, sive malit haedo. Pallida Mors aequo pulsat pede pauperura tabernas Regumque turres. O beate Sesti, VitsB Bumma brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam. 15 Jam te premet nox, fabulaeque Manes, Et domus exilis Flutonia : quo simul meaiis, Nee regna vini sortiere talis, Nee tenerum Lycidan mirabere, quo calet juventus Nunc omnis, et mox virgines tepebunt. Caumen V. AD PYRBHAM. Quis multa gracilis te puer in rosa Perfusus liquidis urget odoribus Grato, Pyrrha, sub antro ? Cui flavam religas comam. Simplex munditiis ? Heu ! quoties fldem S Mutatosque Deos flebit, et aspera Nigris aequora ventis Emirabitur insolens, Qui nunc te fruitur credulus aurea ; Qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem 10 Sperat, nescius aurae Fallacis. Miseri, quibus Intentata nites ! Me tabula sacer Votiva paries indicat uvida Suspendisse potenti 14 Vestimenta maris Deo. 6, 7.j carminum. liber i. ^ Carmen VI. AD AGRIPPAM. Scribeiis Vario fortis et hostium Victor, Mseonii carminis alite, Quam rem cunque ferox navibus aut equis Miles, te duoe, gesserit. Nos, Agrippa, neque hsec dicere, nee gravem S FelidEB stomachuiu cedere nescii. Nee cursus duplicis per mare Ulixei, Nee sjBvam Pelopis domum Conamur, tenues grandia ; dum pudor, Imbellisque lyrae Musa potens vetat . Laudes egregii Csesaris et tuas Culpa deterere ingeni. Quis Martem tunica tectum adamantina Digne scripserit ? aut pulvere Troico Nigrum Merionen? aut ope Palladis 15 Tydiden Superis parem ? Nos convivia, nos proelia virginum Seotis in juvenes unguibus acrium Cantamus, vaoui, 'sive quid urimur, Non praster solitum leves. 20 Carmen VII. AD MUNATIUM PLANCUM. Laudabunt alii claram Rhodon, aut Mytilenen, Aut Epheson, bimarisve Corinthi Moenia, vel Baccho Thebas, vel Apolline Delphos Inslgnes, aut Thessala Tempe. 5 a. HOKATII FLACCl | 7, 8. Sunt quibus(unum opus est iritactje talladis' arees 5 Carmine perpetuo celebrare, Indeque decerptam fronti prajponere olivam. Plurimus, in Junonis honorem, Aptum dicit equis Argos, ditesque Mycenas. Me neo tam patiens Laced^emon, 10 Nee tam Larissse percussit campus opimae, Quam domus Albuneae resonantis, Et prseceps Anio, ac Tibumi lucus, at uda Mobilibus pomaria rivis. Albus ut obscuro deterget nubila coelo 15 Saepe Notus, neque parturit imbres Perpetuos, sic tu sapiens finire memento Tristitiam vitaeque labores Molli, Plance, mere, seu te fulgentia signis Castra tenent, seu densa tenebit HO Tiburis umbra tui. Teucer Salamina patremque Quum fugeret, tamen uda LyEBO Tempera populea fertur vinxisse corona, Sic tristes aifatus amicos : Quo nos cunque feret melior Fortuna parente, 23 Ibimus, O socii comitesque I Nil desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro ; Certus enim promisit Apollo, Ambiguam teUure nova Salamina futuram. O fortes, pejoraque ^assi 30 Mecum ssBpe viri, nana vino pellite curas ; Cras ingens iterabimus sequor. Cabmen VIII. AD LYDIAM. Lydia die, per omnes Te deos ore, Sybarin cur properas amando Perdere cur apricum Oderit campum, patiens pulveris atque solis f 8, 9.] CARMINUM. LIBER I. 9 Cur neque militaxis 5 Inter sequales equitat, Gallica nee lupatis "Temperat ora frenis ? Cur timet flavum Tiberim tangere ? cur olivum Sanguine viperino Cautius vitat, neque jam livida gestat armis Brachia, s^pe disco, Saspe trans finem jaculo nobilis expedite ? Quid latet, ut marinae FUium dicunt Thetidis sub laorimosa Trojas Funera, ne virilis 15 Cultus in csedem et Lycias proriperet catervas ; , Cabmen IX. AD THAIilARCHUM. Vides, ut alta stet nive candidum Soracte, nee jam sustineant onus SUvBB laborantes, geluque Flumina oonstiterint acnto ? Dissolve frigus, ligna super fooo S Large reponens ; atque benignius Deprome quadrimum Sabina, O Thaliarcbe, merura diota. Permitte Divis csBtera : qui simul Stravere ventos sequore fervido 10 Deprceliantes, neo cupressi Nee veteres agitantur omi. Quid sit futurum eras, fuge quserere : et Quem Fors dierum cmique dabit, lucro Appone : nee duloes amores IS Spcrne puer, neque tu choreas. 10 a. HOB.ATII FLACCI [9, 10. Donee virenti canities abest Morosa. Nunc et Campus et axeie, Lenesque sub noctem susurri Composita repetantur hora : 20 Nunc et latehtis proditor intimo Gratus puellae risus ab angulo, Pignusque dereptum lacertis Aut digito male pertinaci. Carmen X. AD MERCUmUM. Mercuri, facunde nepos Atlantis, Qui feros cultus hominum recentum Voce formasti catus et decorae More palaBBtrsB, Te canam, magni Jovis et deorum 5 Nuntium, curvaeque lyrae parentem ; Callidum, quidquid placuit, jocoso Condere furto. Te, boves olim nisi reddidisses Per dolum amotas, puerum minaci 10 Voce dum terret, viduus pharetra Kisit ApoUo. Quin et Atridas, duce te, superbos Ilio dives Priamus reHoto Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae IS Castra fefellit. Tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus, virgaque levem coerces Aurea turbam, snperis deorum Gratus et.imis. 20 I1,12.J GARMINUM. LIBKR I. 11 Carmen XI. AD LEUCONOEN. Tu ne quEBsieris, scire nefas, quem mihi, quem tibi Finem Di dederint, Leuconoe ; neo Babylonios Tentaris numeros. Ut melius, quidquid erit, pati ' Seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Jupiter ultimam, Quae nunc oppositis debilitat pumioibus mare Tyrrhenum, sapias, vina liques, et spatio brevi Spem longam reseces. Dum loquimur, fugerit invida jSJtas. Carpe diem, quam minimum eredula ppstero. Cakmen XII. AD AUGUSTUM. Quem virum aut heroa lyra vel acri Tibia sumis celebrare, Clio ? Ouem Deum ? cujus recinet jocosa Nomen imago Aut in umbrosis HeHconis oris, 6 Aut super Pindo, gelidove in Hsemo. Unde vocalem temere inseoutse Orphea silvse, Arte matema rapidos morantem Fluminum lapsus celeresque ventos, 10 Blandum et auritas fidibus canoris Ducere quercus. Quid prius dicam solitis Parentis Laudibus, qui res hominum ac Deorum, Qui mare ac terras, variisque mundutn 15 Temperat horis ? 12 Q. HOEATII FLACCI 112. Unde nil majus generatur ipso, Nee viget quidquam simile aut secundum : Proximos iUi tamen occupavit Pallas honores. 20 Proeliis audax, neque te sUeto, Liber, et SBBvis iaimica Virgo BeUuis : neo te, metuendo oerta Phoebe sagitta. Dicam et Alciden, puerosque Ledse, 23 Hunc equis, iUum superare pugnis Nobilem : quorum simul alba naiitis Stella refulsit Defluit saxis agitatus humor, . Conoidunt venti, fugiuntque nubes, 30 Et minax, nam sic voluere, ponto TJnda reoumbit Romulum post hos prius, an quietum PompUi regnum memorem, an superbos Tarquini fasces, dubito, an Catonis 35 Nobile letum. E^egulum, et Scauros, animeeque magns Prodigum PauUum, superante Poeno, Gratus iusigni referam Camena, Fabriciumque. 40 Hunc, et incomtis Curium oapiUfs, Utilem bello tulit, et CamUlum, SsBva paupertas et avitus apto Cum hire fundus. 12, 18.] CAKMINOM. LIBEE I. 13 Crescit, ocoulto velut artor asvo, 45 Fama Marcelli : micat inter omnes Julium gidus, velut inter ignes Luna minores. Gentis humanse pater atque custoB, Orte Satumo, tibi cura magni 50 Ccesaris fatis data ; tu secundo Csesare regnes. lUe, seu Parthos Latio imminenttes Egerit justo domitos triumpho, Sive subjectos Orientis orse 56 Saras et Indos, Te minor latum regat eequus orbem ; Tu gravi curru quatias Olympum, Tu parum castis inimioa mittas Fulmina lucis. 60 Cahmen XIII. AD LYDIAM. Quum tu, Lydia, Telephi Cervicem roseam, oerea Telephi Laudas brachia, vsb, meum Fervens difHcili bile tumet jecur. Tune nee mens mihi nee color 5 Certa sede manent ; humor et in genas Furtim labitur, arguens Quam lentis penitus macerer ignibus. Uror, seu tibi oandidos Turpalunt liumeros immodicse mero 10 B/ixse, sive puer furens Impressit memorem dente labris notom. B 14 a. HOEATii FiiAcci L13, 14. Non, si me satis audias, Speres pei^etuum, duloia barbare Lsedentem oscula, quae Venus Ifi Quinta parte sui nectaris imbuit. Felices ter et amplius, Quos irrupta tenet copula, neo malis Divulsus querimoniis Suprema citius solvet amor die. Cae-men XIV. AD BEMPUBLICAM. O navis, referunt in mare te novi Fluctus ! O quid agis ? fortiter occupa Portum. Nonne vides, ut Nudum remigio latus, Et malus celeri saucius Africo 6 Antennseque gemunt, ao sine funibus Vix durare caririEB fossunt imperiosius JEqaoi 1 Non tibi sunt integra lintea, Non Di, quos iteium pressa voces malo. 10 Quamvis Pontica piaus, Silv8B filia nobiUs, Jactes et genus et nomen inutile, Nil pictis timidus navita puppibus ■ Fidit. Tu, nisi ventis 16 Debes ludibrium, cave. Nuper soUicitum quae mihi tsedium. Nunc dosiderium curaque non levis, Interfusa nitentes Vites Eequora Cyoladas. 20 15.J CAEMINUM. 1.IBER I. 15 Carmen XV. NEREI VATICINIUM DE EXCIDIO TROJM. Pastor quum traheret per freta navibus Idseis Helenen perfidus hospitam, Ingrato celeres obruit otio Ventos, ut caneret fera Nereus fata : Mala ducis avi domum, 6 Quam multo repetet Grsecia milite, Conjurata tuas rumpere nuptias Et regnum Priami vetus. Heu heu ! quantus equis, quantus adest viris Sudor ! quanta moves funera Dardanae 10 Genti ! Jam galeam Pallas et eegida Currusque et rabiem parat. Nequidquam Veneris praesidio ferox Pectes caesariem, grataque feminis ImbeUi cithara carmina divides ; 16 Nequidquam thalamo graves Hastas et calami spicula Cnosii Vitabis, strepitumque, et oelerem sequi Ajacem : tamen, heu, serus adulteros Crines pulvere coUines. 20 Non Laertiaden, exitium tuae Genti, non Pylium Nestora respicis ? Urgent impavidi te Salaminius Teucer et Sthenelus soiens Pugnse, sive opus est imperitare equis, 25 Non auriga piger. Merionen quoque 10 a. HORATII FLACCI [15j 16 Nosces. Ecce forit te reperire atrox Tydiiies, melior patre ; Quem tu, cervus uti vallis in altera Visum parte lupum graminis immemor, 30 Sublimi fugies njoBis anhelitu, Non hoc pollicitus tuae. Iracunda diem proferet Ilio Matronisque Phrygum olassis Achillei ; Post certas hiemes uret Achaicus 35 Ignis Iliacas domos. Cahmen xyi. PALINODIA. O matre ptdchra filia pulchrior, Quem criminosis ounque voles modum Pones iambis, sive flamma - Sive mari libet Hadrianp. Non Dindymene, non adytis quatit fi Mentem sacerdotum incola Pythius, Non Liber, seque, non acuta Sic geminant Corybantes aera, Tristes ut irse, quas neque Noricus J ' " Deterret-ensis, neo mare naufragum, 10 Nee ssevus ignis, nee tremendo Jupiter ipse ruens tumultu. Fertur Prometheus, addere prinoipi Limo coactus particulam undique Desectam,ret insani leonis 16 Vim stomacho apposuisse nostro. 10, 17.J CAEMINUM. LIBER I. 17 Ir£D Thyesten exitio gravi Stravere, et altis urbibus ultimas Stetere causae, cur perirent Funditus, itnprimeretque muris 20 Hostile aratrum exerpitus insolens. Compesce mentem : me quoque pectoris Tentavit in dulci juventa Fervor, et in celeres iambos Misit furentem : nunc ego mitibus 21 Mutare quaere tristia, dum mihi Fias recantatis arnica Opprobriis, animumque reddas. i^ARMEN XVII. AD TYNDARIDEM Velox amoenum saepe Lucretilem Mutat Lycaeo Faimus, et igneam Defendit aestatem capeUis Usque meis pluviosque ventos. . Impune tutura per nemus arbutog 5 Quaerunt latentes et thyma devise Olentis uxores mariti : Nee virides metuunt colubras, Nee Martiales HaediU® lupos ; Utcunque dulci, Tyndari, fistula 10 Valles et Usticee oubantis Levia persomiere saxa. Di me tuentur, Dis pietas mea Et Musa oordi est. Hie tibi copia B2 18 a. HORATII FLACCI L^'''' ^^• Manatit ad plenum bonigno If Ruris honorum opulenta oomu Hie in reducta valle CaniculsB Vitabis jestus, et fide Tejfa Dices laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Ciroen. SO •Hie innooentis pooula Lesbii Duces sub umbra ; nee Semelei'us Cum Marte confundet Thyoneus Proelia, nee metues protervnm Suspecta Cyrum, ne male dispaii 86 Incontinentes injiciat manus, Et scindat heerentfem coronam Cruiibus, immeritamque vestem. Carmen XVIII. AD VARUM. Nxillam, Vara, sacra vite prius severis arborem Circa mite solum Tiburis et moenia CatUi : Siccis omnia nam dura deus proposuit, neqae Mordaces aliter diSiigiunt sollicitudines. Quis post vina gravem militiam aut.pauperiem crepat ? 4 Quis non te potiua, Bacche pater, teque, decens Venus ? At, ne quis modici transsUiat munera Liberi, Centaurea monet cum Lapithis rixa super mero Debellata ; monet Sithoniis non levis Euius, Quum fas atque nefas exiguo fine libidinum lO Discernunt avidi. Non ego te, candide Bassareu, Invitum quatiam ; nee variis obsita frondibus Sub divum rapiam. Saeva tene cum Bereeyntio 18, 19, 20.J CARMINUM. LIBER 19 Cornu tympana, quae sutsequitur osecus Amor siu, Et tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, 16 A.rcanique Fides prodiga, perlucidior vitro. Cakmen XIX. DE GLYCEBA. Mater saeva Cupidinum, Thebanaeque jubet me Semeles puev, Et lasciva Licentia, Finitis animum reddere amoribus. Urit me Glycerae nitor 5 Splendentis Pario marmore purius, Urit grata protervitas, Et vultus nimium lubrious adspici. In me tota ruens Venus Cyprum deseruit ; nee patitur Scythas, 10 Et versis animosum equis Partbum dicere, nee quae nihil attinent. Hie vivum mihi cespitem, hie Verbenas, pueri, ponite, thuraque Bimi cum patera meri : 15 Mactata veniet lenior hostia. Carmen XX. AD M^CENATEM. Vile potabis modicis Sabinum Cantharis, Graeca quod ego ipse testa Conditum levi, datus in theatro Quum tibi plausus, Caire Maecenas eques, ut patemi Fluminis ripae, simul et jooosa Redderet laudes tibi Vatjcani Montis imafiro. 20 a. HORATII FLACCI [20, 21, 32. CEBCubam et prelo domitam Caleno Tu bibes uvam : mea nee Falemse 10 Temperant vites neque Formiani Pooula colles. Caumen XXI. IN DIANAM ET APOLLINEM. Dianam tenerse dicite virgines ; ^ Intonsum, pueri, dicite Cynthium : Latonam^ue supremo Dilectam penitus Jovi. Vos Isetam fluviis et nemorum coma, 6 Quaecunque aut gelido prominet Algido, Nigris aut Erymanthi Silvis, aut viridis Cragi ; Vos Tempe totidem toUite laudibus, Natalemque, m.ares, Delon ApoUinis, 10 Insignemque pharetra Fraternaque humerum lyra. Hie bellum lacrimostm:!, bio miseram famem Pestemque a populo, principe Csesare, in Persas atque Britamios IS Vestra' tnotus aget prece. Carmen XXII. AD APaSTIUM FUSCUM. Integer vitae scelerisque purus Non eget Mauris jaculis, neque arcu, Nee venenatis gravida sagittis, Fusee, pharetra ; 22, 23.] CARMINUM. lilBER I. 21 Sive per Syrtes iter ajstuosas, 6 Sive facturus per inhospitalem Cauoasum, vel quae looa fabulosus Lambit Hydaspes. Namque me silva lupus in Sabina, Dum meam canto Lalagen, et ultra J Terminum ouris vagor expeditis, Fugit inermem : Quale portentum neque mUitaris Daunias latis alit sesculetis, Neo Jubae tellus generat, leonum IS Arida nutrix. Pone me, pigris ubi nulla campis Arbor sestiva recreatur aura ; ! Quod latus mundi nebulae malusque Jupiter lirget : ' ' 20 Pone sub curru nimium propinqui ^ Solis, in terra domibus negata : Dulce ridentem Lalagen amabo, Dulce loquentem. Carmen XXIII. AD CHLOEN. Vitas hiimuleo me simUis, Chlpe, Quaerenti pavidam montibus avijs Matrem, non sine vano Aurarum et siluas meju. Nam seu mobilibus vepris inhorruit Ad ventum foliis, seu virides rubum 28 a. HORATII FLACOI [23, 24. Dimovere laoertae, Et Mrde et genibus tremit. Atqui non ego te, tigris ut aspera Gsetulusve leo, frangere persequor : 10 Tandem desine matrem Tempestiva sequi viro. Cakmen XXIV. " AD VIE.GILIUM. Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus Tam can capitis ? Praecipe lugubres Cantus, Melpomene, cui liquidam Pater Vocem cum citharadedit. Ergo Quintilinm perpetuus sopor S Urget I cui Pudor, et Justitiaj soror, Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas Quando ullum inveniet parem t Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit , Nulli flebilior, quam tibi, VirgUi. , 10 Tu frustra plus, heu ! non ita creditum Posois Quintilium deos. Qnod si Threlcio blandius Orpheo Auditam moderere arboribus fidem, Non vansB redeat sanguis iinagini, 15 Quam virga semel horrida, Non lenis precibus fata recludere, Nigro oompulerit Mercurius gregi. Durum ! Sed levius fit patientia, Quidquid corrigere est nefas. 20 26, 27.] CAHMINUM. LIBER I. 88 Carmen XXVI. DE ^LIO LAMIA. Musis amicus, tristitiam et raetus Tradam protervis in mare Creticum Portare ventis ; quis sub Arcto Rex gelidse metuatur orae. Quid Tiridaten terreat, unioe 6 Seeurus. O, quae fontibus integris Gaudes, apricos necte flores, Necte meo Lamise coronara, Pimplei dulois ; nil sine te mei Prosunt honores : hunc fidibus novis, 1 Hunc Lesbio sacrare pleotro, Teque tuasque deoet sorores. Carmen XXVII. AD SODALES. Natis in usum I'sBtitise scyphis Pugnare Thracum est : tollite barbarum Morem, verecundumque Bacchum Sanguineis prohibete rixis. Vino et lucernis Medus acinaces & Immane quantum disorepat ! impium Lenite olamorem, sodales, Et cubito remanete presso. Vultis severi me quoque sumere Partem Falemi ? dioat Opuntiae ] Frater MegillEe, quo beatus Vulnere, qua pereat sagitta. 24 a. HOKATii PLACci [27, 28. Cessat Voluntas ? non alia bibam Mercede. Quae te cunque domat Venus, Non erubescendis adurit 16 Ignibus, ingenuoque semper Amore peccas. Quidquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus — Ah miser, Quanta laborabas Charybdi, Digne puer meliore flamma ! 20 Quae saga, quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis, quis poterit Deus ? Vix illigatum te triformi Pegasus expediet Chimsera. Carmen XXVIII. NAUTA ET ARCHYT^ UMBBA. Naxtta. Te maris et terrae numeroque carentis arense Mensorem cohibent, Arohyta, Pulveris exigui prope litus parva Matinum Munera ; neo quidquam tibi prodest Aerias tentasse domos, animoque rotundum ft Percurrisse polum, morituro ! Archyt^ umbra. Ocoidit et Pelopis genitor, conviva Deorum, Tithonusque remotus in auras, Et Jovis arcanis Minos admissus, habentque Tartara Panthoiden, iterum Oreo 10 Demissum ; quamvis, clypeo Trojana refixo Tempera testatus, nihil ultra Nerves atque cutem Morti concesserat atrse ; Judice te non sordidus auctor 2^, 29.] CAEMINUM. LIBEE I. 25 Naturae verique. Sed omnes una manet nox, 1 5 Et calcanda semel via leti. Dant alios Furiae torvo speotacula Marti ; Exitio est avidum mare nautis ; Mixta senum ac juvenum densentur ftinera ; nullum SsBva caput Proserpina fiigit. ' " 20 Me quoque devexi rapidus comes Ononis Illyricis Notus obruit undis. At tu, nauta, vagse ne parce malignus arenas Ossibus et capiti inhumato Particulam dare : sic, quodcunque minabitur Eurus 25 Fluctibus Hesperiis, Venusinae Plectantur silvsB, te sospite, multaque merces, Unde potest, tibi defluat aequo Ab Jove, Neptunoque sacri custode Tarenti. Negligis immeritis nocituram 3i. Postmodo te natis fraudem committere ? Fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum : precibus non linquar inultis ; Teque piacula nulla resolvent. Quamquam festinas, non est mora longa ; licebit 3^ Injecto ter pulvere curras. Cahmen XXIX. AD I C C I U M. Icci, beatis nunc Arabum invides Gazis, et acrem mUitiam paras Non ante devictis Sabaeae Regibus, horribUique Medo ■ . . . . Nectis catenas ? Quas tibx virginum, Spcsnso necato, barbara serviet ? Puer quis ex aula capUlis Ad cyathum statuetur unctis, B 26 a. HOKATII FLACCI [29, 30 -'J. Doctus sagittas tendere Sericas Arcu paterno ? Quis neget arduis 18 Pronos relabi posse rivos Montibus, et Tiberim reverti, Quum tu coemtos undique nobiles Libros Panseti, Sooraticam et domum, Mutare loricis Iberis, Ifl PoUicitus meUora, tendis ? Carmen XXX. AD .VENEREM. O Venue, regina Cnidi Paphique, Speme dilectam Cypron, et vocantis Thure te multo Glycerae decoram Transfer in Eedem. Fcrviiius tecum Puer, et solutis Gratis3 zonis, properentque Nyniphse, Et parum comis sine te Juventas, Mercuriusque. Carmen XXXI. AD APOLLINE.M Quid dedioatum posoit ApoUinem Vateg ! quid ora>t, de patera novum Fundens liquorem ? Non opimse Sardinise segetes feraces ; Non aestuosEe grata Calabrias Armenta ; non aurum, aut ebur Indicum ; Non rura, qua Liris quieta Mordet aqua, taciturnus amnis 31,32.] OAEMINUM. LIBER I. .'^ Premant Galena falce, quibus dedit Fortuna, vitem : dives et aureis 11 Mercator exsiccet culuUis Vina Syra reparata meroe ; Dis carus ipsis, quippe ter et quater Anno revisens sBquor Atlanticum Impune. Me pasount olivse 13 Me cichorea, levesque malvae. Frui paratis et valido mihi, Latoe, dbnes, et, precor, integra Cum mente ; neo turpem sene(;tam Degere, nee oithara carentem. 20 Carmen XXXII. AD L Y R A M. Poscimnr. Si quid vacui sub umbra Lusimus tecum, quod et hunc in aniu'.vi: Vivat et plures, age, die Latinum, Barbite, carmen, Lesbio primura modulate civi ; (t Qui, ferox bello, tamen inter arraa, Sive jaotatam religarat udo Litore navim, Liberum et Musas, Veneremque, et illi Semper hBerentem Puerum oanebat, 1 Et Lyoum, nigris oculis nigroque Crine decorum. O decus Phoebi, et dapibus supremi Grata testudo Jovis, O laborum Dulce lenimen, mihi cunque salvo Id Rite vocanti. 28 a. HORATii FI.ACC1 [34, 35. Carmen XXXIV. AD SE IPSUM. Parous Deorum cultor et infrequens, Inaanientis dum sapientiae Consultus erro, nunc retrorsum Vela dare atque iterare cuisus Cogor relictos : namque Diespiter 5 Igni corusco nubila dividens Plerumque, per purum tonantes Egit equoB volucremque currum , Quo bruta tellus, et vaga flumina. Quo Styx et invisi horrida Tsenari 10 Sedes, Atlanteusque finis Concutitur. Valet ima sumims Mutare, et insignia attenuat Deus, Obscura promens. EUnc apicem rapax Fortuna cum strldore acuto 16 Sustulit, hie posuisse gaudet. C - Cakmen XXXV. AD FOP^TUNAM. O Diva, gratum quse regis Antium, Fraesens vel imo tollere de gnadu Mortale corpus, vel superljos Vertere funeribus triumphos, Te pauper ambit sollicita prece, I Kuris, colonua ; te dominam sequoris, Quicunque Bithyna lacessit Caipathium pelagus carina. 35,] CARMINUM. LIBER I. 29 Te Dacus asper, te profugi ScythiB, Urbesque, gentesque, etLatium ferox, 10 Regumque matres barbarorum, et Purpurei metuunt tyraimi, Injurioso ne pede proruas Stantem columnam, neu populus frequens Ad arma cessantes ad aima Id Concitet, imperiumque frangat. Te semper anteit SEeva Neoessitas, Clavos trabales et cuneos manu Gestans aena ; neo severus Uncus abest, liquidumque plumbum. 20 Te Spes, et albo rara Fides colit Velata pauno, nee comitem abnegat, Utcunque mutata potentes Veste domes inimica linquis. At vulgus infidum et meretrix retro 25 Perjura cedit ; difiugiunt, cadis Cum feece siccatis, amici Ferre jugum pariter dolosi. Serves iturum Caesarem in ultimos Orbis Britajinos, et juvenum recens 30 Examen Eois timendum Partibus, Oceanoque rubro. Eheu ! oicatricum et sceleris pudet Fratrumque— Quid nos dura refugimus .^tas ? quid intactum nefasti 35 Liquimus ? unde manum juventus 30 a. HOEATII FLACCI [35, 36, 3? Metu Deorum continuit ? quibus Peperoit aris ? O utiuam nova Incude difEngas retusum in Massagetas Arabasque ferrum. 40 Caumen XXXVI. AD PLOTIUM NUMIDAM Et thure et fidibus juvat Placare et vituli sanguine debito Custodes NumidaB Deos, Qui nunc, Hesperia sospes ab idtiina, Cans multa sodalibus, & Nulli plura tamen dividit oscula, Quam dulci Lamiae, memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutatseque simul togce. Cressa ne careat pulchra dies nota, 1 Neu promtEB modus amphoraB, Neu morem in Salium sit requies peduni; Neu multi Damalis men Bassum Threieia vincat amystide, Neu desint epulis rosae, IS Neu vivax apium, neu breve lilium. Carmen XXXVII. AD SODALES. Nunc est bibendum, nunc pede libera Pulsanda tellus ; nunc Saliaribus Ornare pulvinar deorum Tempus erat dapibus, sddalcs. Antehao nefas depromere Cascubum Cellis avitis, dum Capitolio 37."j CARMINUM. LIBER I. 31 Regina dementes ruinas, Funus et imperio parabat Contaminato cum grege turpium Morbo virorum, quidlibet impotens 10 Sperare, fortunaque dulci Ebria. Sed minuit furorem Vix una sospes navis ab ignibus ; Mentemque lymphatam Mareotico Redegit in. veros timores 15 Cassat, ab Italia volantem Remis adurgens, accipiter velut MoUes eolumbas, aut leporem citus Venator in campis nivalis .Haemoniae; daret ut catenis 20 Fatale monstrum ; quas generosius Pcxire quierens, nee muliebriter Expavit ensem, nee latentes Classe cita reparavit oras ; Ausa et jacentem visere regiam . 86 Vultu sereno, fortis et asperas Tractare serpentes, ut atrum Corpore combiberet venenum ; Deliberata morte feroeior ; ScBvis Liburnis scilicet invidens 30 Privata deduci superbo Non humilis muiier triumpho. 32 Q. HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM. LIBER I. [38. Cakmen XXXVIII. AD PUEB-UM. Persicos odi, puer, apparatus ; Displioent nexae philyra coronse ; Mitte sectari, rosa quo locorum Sera moretur. Simplici myrto nihil allahores Sedulus euro : neque te ministrum Dedecet myrtus, neque me sub arcta Vite bibentem. Q. HORATII FLACCl C A R M I N U M LIBER SECDNDUS. Carmen I. AD ASINIUM POLLIONEM. MoTUM ex Metello consule civicum, Bellique causas et vitia et modos, Ludumque Fortunse, gravesque Prinoipum amicitias, et arma Nondum expiatis uncta ciuoribus, S PericulosEB plenum opus alese, Tractas, et incedis per ignes Suppositos ciueri doloso. Paulum severEe Musa tragoedise Desit theatris : mox, ubi publicaa iQ E.es ordinaris, grande munus Cecropio repetes cothumo, Insigne mcestis piEBsidium reis Et consulenti Pollio curise ; Cui laurus setemos honores 16 Dalmatioo peperit triumpho. Jam nunc minaci murmure comuura Perstringis aures, jam litui strepunt ; < B 2 34 a. HORATIl FLACCI [1,2 Jaji fulgor axmoram fugaces Terret equos equitumque vultus. 20 Audire magnos jam videor duces Non indecoro pulvere sordidos, Et ouncta terrarura subaota Prseter atrooem animum Catonis. Juno, et deorum quisquis amicior 26 Afris,multa cesserat impotens Tellure, victorum nepotes Rettulit inferias Jugurthae. Quis non Latino sanguine pinguior Campus .sepulcris impia prcelia 30 Testatur, auditumque Media HespexisB sonitum ruinae ? Qui gurges, aut quae flumina lugubiis Ignara belli ? quod mare Daunise Non decoloravere caedes ? 35 Quae caret ora cruore nostro ? Sed ne, relictis, Musa procax, jocis, Ceae retraotes munera naenijB : Mecum Dionaeo sub antro Quasre modes leviore pleotro. 40 Carmen II. AD SALLUSTIUM CRISPUM. Nullus argento color est avaris Abdito terris, inimice lamnae Crispe SaUusti, nisi temperato * Splendeat usu. 2,3.] CAEMINUM. — LIBER n. 35 Vivet extento Proouleius jevo 6 Notus in fratres animi paterni : Ulum aget penna metuente solvi Fama superstes. Latius regnes avidum domando Spiritum, quam si Libyam remotis ■ 10 Gadibus jungas, et uterque PoBnus Serviat uni. Crescit indulgens sibi dirus hydrops,, Neo sitim pellit, nisi causa morbi Fugerit venis, et aquosus albo 16 Corpore languor. Redditum Cyri solio Phrahaten Dissidens plebi numero beatorum Eximit Virtus, populumque falsis Dedocet uti 80 Vocibus ; regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni propriamque laurum, Quisquis ingentes oculo irretorto Speotat acervos Caemen III. AD DELLIUM. .^quam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, non seous in bonis Ab insolenti teraperatam Lajtitia, moriture Delli, Seu moestus omni tempore vixeris, ,3eu te in remoto gramine per dies 36 Q. HOllATII FliACCl [3, 6 Festos recUnatum bearis Interiore nota Falemi. Qua pinus ingens albaque populus TJmbram hospitalem consooiare amant 10 E-amis, et obliqno laborat Lympha fugax trepidare rivo : Hue vina et unguenta et nimiuin lirevis Flores amcEnos ferre jube rosse, Dum res et setas et Sororum la Fila trium patiuntur atra. Cedes coemtis saltibus, et domo, Villaque, flavus quam Tiberis lavit : Cedes ; et exstructis in altum Divitiis potietur haeres. SO Divesne prisco natua ab Inacbo, Nil interest, an pauper et infima De gente, sub divo moreris, Victima nil miserantis Orci. Onmes eodeia cogimur ; omnium 25 Versatur uma serins ooius Sors exitura, et nos in SBtemum Fxsiiium impositura cymbas. Cakmen VI. AD SEPTIMIUM. Septimi, Gades aditure mecum et Cantabrum indoctum juga ferre nostra, et Barbaras Syrtes, ubi Maura semper JEstuat unda : 6, ". j CARMINUM.— LIBER 11. 37 Tibdr, Argeo positum colono, S Sit meEB sedes utinam senectK, Sit modus lasso maris et viarum MUitiEEque. TJnde si Parcse prohibent iniqusB, Dulce pellitis ovibus Galsesi 10 Flumen et regnata petam Laooni £.UTa Phalanto. J Ho terrarum mihi prseter omnes Angulus ridet, ubi non Hymetto Mella decedunt, viridique certat 15 Bacca Venafro. Ver ubi longum tepidasque prsebet Tupiter brumas, et amicus Aulon Fertili Baoeho minimum Falemii Invidet uvis. 20 Ille te mecum locus et beatse Postulant arces ; ibi tu .calentem Debita sparges lacrima faviUam Vatis amici. Carmen VII. AD POMPEIUM. O SBepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte, Bruto miKtiBe dube, Quis te redonavit Quiritem Dis patriis Italoque coelo, Pompei, meorum prime sodalium '.' Cum quo morantem saepe diem mero 3S , a. HOKATII FLACCI [7 .9 Fregi, coronatus nitentes Malobathro Syrio capilios. Tecum Philippos et celerem fugam Sensi, relicta non bene parmula ; 10 Quum fraota "Virtus, et minaces Turpe solum tetigere mento. Sed me per hostes Mercurius celer Denso paventem sustulit aere ; Te rursus in bellum resorbens 15 Unda fretis tulit 8Bstuosis. Ergo obligatam redde Jovi dapem, Longaque fessum militia latus Depone sub lauru mea, nee Farce cadis tibi destinatis. £6 Oblivioso levia Massico Ciborio exple, funde capacibus Unguenta de conchis. Quis udo Deproperare apio coronas Curatve myrto ? quem Venus arbitrum 23 Dicet bibendi ? Non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis : recepto Dulce mihi furere est amico. Carmen IX. AD VALGIUM. Non semper imbres nubibus hispidos Manant in agios, aut mare Caspium Vexant inssquales procellse UsqutJ, net'. Armeniis in oris, CARMINUM. LIBER II. 39 AmiooValgi, stat glacies iners 5 Menses per omaes ; aut Aquilonibus Querceta Gargaiii laborant, Et foliis viduantur orni. Tu semper urges flebilibus modis Mysten ademtum ; nee tibi Vespero 10 Surgente decedunt amores, Neo rapidura fugiente Solem. At non ter a3vo functus amabilem Ploravit omnes Antttochuni senex Annos ; nee iinpubem parentes 16 Troilon, aut Phrygise sorores Flevere semper. Desine mollium Tandem qnerelarum ; et potius nova Cantemus August! tropsea Cffisaris, et rigidum Nipbaten ; 20 Medumque flumen, gentibus additum Viotis, minores volvere vortices ; Intraque prsescriptum Gelonos Exiguis equitare campis. Gasmen X. AD LICINIUM. flectius vives, Licini, neque altum Semper urgendo, neque, dum prooellas Cautus borrescis, nimium premendo Litus iniquum. Auream quisquis medioeSritatem Diligit, tutus caret obsoleti 40 a. HORATIl PLACCI [10, II. Sordibus teoti, caret invidenda Sobrius aula. Saepius ventis agitatur ingens Pinus, et celssB graviore casu 10 Decidunt turres, feriuntque summos Fulgura montes. Sperat infestis, metuit secuudis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus. Informes hiemes reducit 15. Jupiter, idem Summovet. Non, si male nunc, et olim Sic erit. Quondam cithara tacentem Suscitat Musam, neque semper arcum Tendit ApoUo. 20 Rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis appare : sapienter idem Contrahes vento nimium secundo Turgida vela. Carmen XI. AD QUINTIUM. Ouid bellioosus Cantaber, et Scythes, ^lirpine Quinti, cogitet, Hadria Divisus objecto, remittas Quserere ; nee trepides in usum Poscentis aevi pauca. Fugit retro Levi's Juventas, et Decor, arida reUente lascives amores Caniuj fe *.Uer"que sf mnum. a1,12.] CAKMINUM. LIBER n. 'il Non semper idem floribus est honor Vermis ; neque uno Luna rutens nitet 1 Vultu : quid sBtemis minorem ConsUiis animum fatigas ? Cur non sub alta vel platano vel hae Pinu jaeentes sic temere, et rosa Canos odorati capillos, 15 Dum licet, Assyriaque nardo Potamus uncti ? Dissipat Euius Curas edaces. Quis puer ocius Restinguet ardentis Falerni Pocula prsetereunte lympha ? Cakmen XII. AD ]VLECENATJ]M. Nolis longa ferse bella Numantiae, Nee dirum Hannibalem, nee Sioulum ran ;c Poeno purpureum sanguine, mollibus Aptari citharse modis : Nee saevos Lapithas, et nimium mere S HylEeum ; domitosve Heroulea manu Telluris juvenes, unde perioulum Fulgens contremuit domus Saturni veteris : tuque pedestribus Dices hi^toriis prcelia Caesaris, 1 Maecenas, melius, duetaque per vias Regum colla minacium. Me dulces domina; Musa Licymniaj Cantus, me voluit dicere lucidum 42 a. HORATII FliACCI [}2, 13 Fulgentes oculos, et bene mutuis i 5 Fidum pectus amoribus : Qnam neo ferre pedem dedecuit choris, Nee certare joco, nee dare brachia Ludentem nitidis virginibus, saoro Dianas Celebris die. 80 Num tu, quae tenuit dives Achaemenes, Aut pinguis Phiygise Mygdonias opes, Permutare velis crine Licymniae, Plenas aut Arabum domes ? Caumen XIII. In arborem, cujus casu paene oppressus fuerat. Die et nefasto te posuit die, Quicunque primum, et sacrilega manu Produxit, arbos, in nepotum Perniciem, opprobriumque pagi; lUum et parentis crediderim sui b Pregisse cervicem, et penetralia Sparsisse noctumo cruore Hospitis ; ille venena Colcha, Et quidquid usquam concipitur nefas Tractavit, agro qui statuit meo 10 Te, triste lignum, te caducum In domini caput immerentis. Quid quisque vitet, nunquam homini satis Cautum est, in horas. Navita Bosporum Pcenus perhorresoit, neque ultra 6 CiBca timet aliunde fata ; 13i 14.] CARMINUM. LIBER 11. 43 Miles sagittas et oelerem fugam Parthi ; catenas Parthus et Italum Robur : sed improvisa leti Vis rapuit rapietque gentes. , 20 Quam paene furvse regna ProserpinsB, Et judicantem vidimus iEacum, Sedesque disoretas piorum, et jEoliis fidibus querentem Sappho puellis de popularibus, 25 Et te sonantem plenius aureo, Alcsee, plectro dura navis, Dura fugsB mala, dura belli ! Utrumque sacro digaa sileiitio Mirantur Umbrae dioere ; sed magis 30 Pugnas et exactos tyrannos Densum humeris bibit aure vulgus. Quid mirura ? ubi illis carminibus stupena Demittit atras bellua centiceps Aures, et intorti capiUis 33 Eumenidum recreantur angue's ? Quin et Prometheus et Pelopis parens Dulci laborum. decipitur sono : Nee curat Orion leones Aut timidos agitare lyncas. 4C Caemen XIV. AD POSTUMUM. Eheu I fugaoes, Postume, Postume, Labuntur anni ; nee pietas moram Riigis et instanti senecta) Afieret, intlomitseque morti : 44 Q. HORATII FLACCJ L''^' ^^• Non, si trecenis, quotquot euixt dies, 5 Amice, places illacrimabilem Plutona .tauris : qui ter amplum Geryonen Tityonque tristi Compescit uuda, scilicet omnibus, Quicunque terrse munere vescimur, lO Enaviganda, sive rages Sive inopes erimus coloni. Fnistra cruento Marte carebimus, Fractisque rauci fluctibus Hadriae ; Frustra per auctumnos nocentem IS Corporibus metuemus Austrura : Visendus ater flumine languido Cocytos errans, et Danai genus Infame, damnatusque longi Sisjrphus bolides laboris. 20 Linquenda teUus, et domus, et placens Uxor ; neque harum, quas colis, arborum Te, praeter invisas cupressos, Ulla brevem dominum sequetur. Absumet haeres Caeouba dignior 2f1 Servata centum clavibus, et mere Tinget pavimentum superbis Pontifioum potiore ccenis. Cakmen XV. IN SUI SiECULI LUXURIAM Jam jiauca aratro jugera regiae Moles relinquent : undique latius Extenta visentur Lucrino Stagna lacu : platanusque CEelebs 15, 16.J CAEMINUM. LIBER II. ' 45 Evincet ulmos : turn violaria, et 5 Myrtus, et omnis copia narium, Spargent olivetis odorem Fertilibus domino priori : Turn spissa ramis laurea fervidos Excludet ictus. Non ita Romuli -* 10 Praescriptum et intonsi Catonis Auspioiis, veterumque norma. Privatus illis census erat brevis, Commune magnum : nulla decempedig Metata privatis opacam 15 Porticus excipiebat Arcton ; Nee fortuitum spemere cespitem Leges sinebant, oppida publico Sumtu jubentes et deorum Templa novo decorare saxo. Uti Carmen XVI. AD GROSPHUM. Otium divos rogat impotent! Pressus jEgaeo, simul atra nubes Condidit Lunam, neque carta fulgent Sidera nautis : Otium bello furiosa Thrace, 6 Otium Medi pharetra decori, Grosphe, non gemmis neque purpura vo- nale neque auro. Non enim gazse neque consularis Summovet lictor miseros tumultus 10 Mentis, et curas laqueata circuir, Tecta volantes. •40 a. HOKATH FLACCI L^*'' Vivitur parvo bene, cui paternum Splendet in mensa tenui salinum, Neo leves somnos timor aut oupido 15 Sordidus aufert. Quid brevi fortes jaculamur sevo Multa ? quid terras alio calentes Sole mutamus ? Patrise quis exsiil Se quoque fugit ? Sill Scandit seratas vitiosa naves Cura, nee turmas equitum relinquit, Ooior eervis, et agente nimbos Ooior Euro. Lsetus in prsesens animus, quod ultra est, 26 Oderit curare, et amara lento Temperet risu. Nihil est ab omni Parte beatum. Abstulit olarum cita mors Aehillem, Longa Tithonum minuit senectus ; 30 Et mihi forsan, tibi quod negarit, Porriget bora. Te greges centum Sioulaeque circum Mugiunt vaccEB ; tibi tollit hinnitum Apta quadrigis equa ; te bis Afro 3fl Murice tinctse Vestiunt lanse : mihi parva rura, et Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camense Parca non mendax dedit, et malignum Spemere vulgus. 40 17.1 CAUMINUM. HBEll II. V Carmen XVII. AD M^CENATEM. Cur me querelis exaniraas tuis ? Nee Dis amicum est, nee mihi, io priwR Obire, Msecenas, mearum Grande decus columenque rerdm. Ah ! te meae si partem animaj rapit 5 Maturior vis, quid moror altera, Neo carus seque, nee superstes Integer ? lUe dies utramque Ducet ruinam. Non ego perfidiim Dixi sacramentum : ibimus, ibimus, 10 Utounque praeoedes, supremum Carpere iter comites parati. Me nee ChimaerBe spiritus ignea?. Nee, si resurgat, centimanus Gyas Divellet vinquam : sic potenti Ifi Justitiae placitumque Parcis. Seu Libra, seu me Soorpios adspicit Formidolosus, pars violentior Natalis horae, seu tyrannus Hesperiae Caprieornus undae, 8- Hinc, unde vitam sumeret aptitis ; Pacem et duello miscuit. O pudor ! O magna Carthago, probrosis Altior ItalisB ruinis !" — 40 Fertur pudicee conjugis osoulum, Parvosque natos, ut capitis miaor, Ab se removisse, et virUem Torvus humi posuisse vultum ; Donee labantes consilio Patres 45 Firmaret auotor nunquam alias datOj Interque mcsrentes amicos Egregius properaret exsul. Atqui sciebat, quse sibi barbarus Tortor pararet ; non aliter tamen 50 Dimovit obstantes propinquos, Et populum reditus morantem, Quam si clientum longa negotia Dijudicata lite reUnqueiet, Tendens Venafranos in agros, 55 Aut LaoedsBmonium Tarentum. Carmen VI. AD K.OMANOS. Deliota majorum immeritus lues, Romane, donee templa refeceris, jEdesque labentes deorum, et Foeda nigro simulacra fumo. Dis te minorem quod geris, imperas : Hinc omne principiura, hue refer exitum. 6.} CAKMINUM. LIBER III. S3 Di multa neglecti dederunt Hesperiee mala luctuoscE. Jan^bis MonsBses et Pacori manus Non auspicates contudit impetus 10 Nostros, et adjecisse praedam Torquitus exiguis renidet. Psene occupatam seditionibus Dele'vit Urbem Dacus et ^thiops ; Hie classe formidatus, ille 15 Missilibus melior sagittis. Fecuuda culpse saeoula nuptias Primum' inquinavere, et genus, et domos ; Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit. 2U Non his juventus orta parentibus Infecit aequor sanguine Punico, Pyrrhumque et ingentem cecidit Antiochum, Hannibalemque diruro ; Sed rusticorum mascula militum 25 Proles, Sabellis docta ligonibus Versare glebas, et severaj Matris ad arbitrium recisos Portare fustes, sol ubi montium Mutaret umbras, et juga demeret / 30 Bobus fatigatis, amicum Tempus agens abeunte curru. Damnosa quid non imminuit dies ! ^tas parentum, pejor avis, tulit 64 a. HOEATII FLACOI [0. 8. Nos nequiores, mox daturos 3S Progeniem vitiosiorem. Carmen VIII. AD M^CENATEM. Martiis caelebs quid agam Kalendis, Quid velint flores et acerra thuris Plena, miraris, positusque caibo Cespite vivo, Docte sermones utriusque linguae ? 5 Voveram dulces epulas et album Libera caprum, prope funeratus Arboris ictu. liic dies anno redeunte festus Corticem adstrictum pice demovebit 10 Ampborae fumum bibere institutae Consule Tullo. Sume, Maecenas, cyathos amici Sospitis centum, et vigUes lucemas Perfer in lucem : procul omnis esto 15 Clamor et ira. Mitte civUes super Urbe curas : Occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen : Medus infestus sibi luctuosis Dissidet armis : 20 Servit Hispanse vetus hostis orae, Cantaber, sera domitus catena : Jam Scytha3 laxo raeditantur arcu Cedere campis. 8- 0-] CARMINUM. LIBER III. ish Negligens, ne qua populus laboret aS ^{pnc i. Parte^privatim nimium cavere, Dona prseseiitis cape laetus horse, et Liowue severa. Carmen IX. CARMEN AMCEB^UM. HORATIUS. Donee gratus eram tibi, Nee quisquam potior brachia Candidas Cervici juvenis dabat, Persarum vigui rege beatior. Lydia. Donee non aliam magis fi Arsisti, neque erat Lydia post Chloen, Multi Lydia nominis Romana vigui olarior Ilia. HoRATIUS. Me nune Thressa Chloe regit, Dulces doeta modos, et citharsB sciens • Pro qua non metuam mori, Si paroent animas fata superstiti. Lydia. Me torret face mutua Thurini Calais filius Ornyti : Pro quo bis patiar mori, 15 Si paroent puero fata superstiti. HoRATIUS. Quid ? si prisca redit Venus, Diduotosque jugo cogit aeneo ? 66 a. HOKATII PLAOCl [9. 1 !• Si flava excutitur Chloe, Rej eoteque patet j anua Lydise ? 20 Ltdia. Quamquam sidere pulohrior Ele est, tu levior cortioe, et improbo Iraoundior Hadria ; Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam libous. Cabmen XI. AD LYDEN. Mercuri, nam te docUis magistro Movit Amphion lapides canendo, Tuque, testudo, resonare septem Pallida nermis, ^ Neo loquax olim neque grata, nunc et S Divitum mensis et arnica templis. Die modes, Lyde quibus obstinatas Applicet aures. Tu potes tigres comitesque silvas Duoere, et rivos celeres morari ; 10 Cessit immanis tibi blandienti Janitor aulse, • Cerberus, quamvis furiale centum Muniant angues caput, sestuetque Spiritus teter, saniesque manet 1 6 Ore trilingui. Qum et Ixion Tityosque vultu Risit invito : stetit uma paulum Sicca, dum grato Danai puellas Carmine muloes. 20 11 I CAEMINUM. LIBER III. Q" Audiat Lyde scelus atque notas Virginum poenas, et inane lymphse Dolium fundo pereuntis imo, Seraque fata, Quae inanent culpas etiam sub Oreo. zb ImpisB, nam quid potuere majus ? Impias sponsos potuere duro Perdere ferro. TJna de multis, face nuptiali Digna, peijurum fuit in parentem 30 Splendide mendax, et in omne virgo NobUis sevum ; " Surge," quBB dixit juveni maiito, " Surge, ne longus tibi soiniius, unde Non times, detur : socerum et scelestas 35 Falle sorores ; QuBB, velut nactse vitulos lesenaSj Singulos, eheu ! lacerant. Ego, illis MoUior, nee te feriam, neque intra Claustra tenebo. 40 Me pater ssevis oneret catenis. Quod viro clemens misero peperoi ; Me Tel extremes Numidarum in agros Classe releget. I, pedes quo te rapiunt et aurae, 4& Dum favet nox et Venus : I secundo Omine ; et nostri memorem sepulcro • Scalpe querelam." 68 Q. HOKATII FLACOl [12, 13. Cakmen XII. AD NEOBULEN. Miserarum est, neque Amori dare ludum, ni^qiu ciulci Mala vino lavere : aut exanimari metuentes Patruaa verbera ImguBe. Tibi qualum CythercsR Puer ales, tibi telas, operosEeque Minervee Studium aufert, Neobule, Liparei nitor Hebri, 5 Simul unctos Tiberini^humeros lavit in undis. Eques ipso melior Bellerophonte, neque pugno Neque segni pede victus : catus idem per aperuim Fugientes agitato grege cervos jaculari, et Celer alto latitantem fruticeto exoipere aprum. 1 Carmen XIII. AD FONTEM BANDUSIUM. O fons Bandusise, splendidior vitro, Dulci digne mero, non sine floribus, Cras donaberis liEedo, Cui frons turgida comibus Primis, et Venerem et proalia destinat ; 6 Frustra : nam gelidos inficiet tibi Hubro sanguine rivos Lascivi suboles gregis. Te flagrantis atrox hora Canioulae Nescit tangere : tu frigus amabile Fessis vomere tauris 18 Pr89bes, et pecori vago. Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium, Me dicente cavis impositam ilioem Saxis, unde loquaces Ifl LympliEB desiliunt tuas. J4 I CAEMINUM. LIBER III. Bfl Carmen XIV. ^ AD ROMANO S. Heroulis ritu modo diotus, O Plebs ! Morte venalem petiisse laurum, Caesar Hispana repetit Penates Victor ab ora. Unico gaudens mulier marito B Prodeat, justis operata divis ; Et soror clari ducis, et decorse Supplice vitta Virginum matres, juvenumque nuper Sospitmn. Vos, O pueri, et puellse 10 Jam virum expertes, male nominatis Paroite verbis. Hie dies vere mihi festus atras Eximet curas : ego neo tumultum, Nee mori per ■vim metuam, tenonte 1 5 Caesare terras. i, pete unguentum, puer, et coronas, Et cadum Marsi memorem dueUi, Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem Fallere testa. 20 Die et argutse properet Ne^raj Myrrheum nodo cohibere crinem : Bi per in visum mora janitorem Eiet, abito. Lemt albescens animos capillus ■ " Litium et rixse cupidos prot^- • 70 Q. HORATII FLACCI [ 1 4, 'j & Non ego hoc ferrem, caliilus juventa, Consuls Planco. Cabmen XVI. AD MiECENATEM. Inclusam Danaen. turris aenea, RobustEDque fores, et vigilum canum Tristes excubias munierant satis Nocturnis ab adulteris, Si non Acrisium, virginis abditse 6 Custodem pavidum, Jupiter et Venus Risissent : fore enim tutum iter et patonis Converse in pretium deo. Aurmn per medios ire satellites, Et perrumpere amat saxa potentius 10 Ictu fulmineo ! Concidit auguris Argivi domus, ob lucrum Demersa exitio. Diffidit urbium Portas vir Macedo, et subruit SBmulos Reges muneribus ; munera navium 1 ft Saevos illaqueant duces. Crescentem gequitur cura pecuniam, Majorumque fames. Jure perhorrui Late conspicuimi toUere vertioem, Maecenas, equitum decus ! 20 Qnanto quisque sibi plura negaverit, ^.h Dis plura feret. Nil cupientium Me u. oastra peto, et transfuga divituiu tSaxis, Uiciuere gestio ; LympliEB u 16. 17.j CARMINUM. ^LIBER III. 7j ContemtBB dominus splendidior rei, 20 Quam si, quidquid arat impiger Apulits, Ocoultare meis dicerer horreis, Magnas inter opes inops. Purse rivus aquee, silvaque jugerum Paucorum, et segetis certa fides meaj, 30 Fulgentem imperio fertilis Africae Fallit. Sorte beatior, Quamquam neo CalabrsB mella fernnt apes, Nee Lsestrygonia Bacclius in amphora Languescit mihi, nee pinguia Gallicis 35 Crescmit vellera pasouis, Importuna tamen pauperies abest ; Nee, SI pluia velim, tu dare deneges. Contracto melius parva cupidine Veotigalia porrigam, 40 Quam si Mygdoniis regnum Alyattei Campis continuem. Multa petentibus Desunt multa. Bene est, cui Deus obtulit Faica, quod satis est, manu. Cakmen XVII. M AD ^LlUM LAMIAM. ^li, vetusto nobilis ab Lamo, [Quando et priores hinc Lamias ferunt Denominatos, et nepotum Per memores genus omne fastos Auctore ab illo ducit originem,] Qui Formiarum mmnia dicitur 72 Q. HORATII FLACCI [17.18 Prinoeps et innantem Maricae Litoribus tenuisse Lirim, Late tyranaus : eras foliis nemus Multis et alga litus inutili 1 J Demissa tempestas ab Euro Sternet, aquae nisi fallit augur Aiuiosa cornix. Dum potis, aricium Compone lignum : eras Genium mero Curabis et porco bimestri, 16 Cum famulis operum solutis. Carmen XVIII. AD FAUNUM. Faune, Nympharum fugientum amatot Per meos fines et aprica rura Lenis inoedas, abeasque parvis .ffiquus alurmiis, Si tener pleno oadit hsedus anno, 6 Larga neo desunt Veneris sodali Vina craterBB, vetus ara multo Fumat odore. Ludit herboso peous omue campo, Quum tibi Nonse redeunt DeceraT^ves ■. 1 Festus in pratis vacat otioso Cum bove pagus : Inter audaoes lupus errat agnos ; Spargit agrestes tibi silva frondes ; Gaudet invisam pejmlisse fossor 15 Ter pede terram. 19.1 CAEMINUM. LIBER III /8 Caemen XIX. AD TELEPHUM. Quantum distet ab luacho Codrus, pro patria non timidus mori. Narras, et genus JEnci, Et pugnata sacro bella sub Ilio : Quo Chium pretio cadum 6 Mercemur, quis aquam temperet ignijus, Quo praebente domum et quota Pelignis caream frigoribus, taces. Da Lunae propere novse, Da Noctis mediae, da, puer, auguris 1 Murenae : tribus aut novem Miscentor oyatbis pocula commodis. Qui Musas amat impares, Ternos ter cyathos attonitus petet Vates : tres prohibet supra 1 1> B-ixarum metuens tangere Gratia, Nudis juncta sororibus. Insanire juvat : cur Bei'wyntise Cessant flamina tibiae ? Cur pendet tacita fistula cum lyra ? 20 Parcentes ego dexteras Odi : sparge rosas ; audiat invidus Dementem strepitum Lycus Et vicina seni non habilis Lyco. Spissa te nitidum coma, '■iQ Puro te simUem, Telephe, Vespero, Tempestiva petit Rhode : Me lentus Glycerae torret amor meae. 74 O. HORATII FLACCI f21 Carmen XXI. AD AMPHORAM. O nata meoum consule Manlio, Seu tu querelas, sive geris jocos, Seu rixam et insanos amores, Seu faoilem pia, Testa, somnum ; Quocunque Isetum nomine Massicum 6 Servas, moveri digna bono die, Descende, Corvine jubente Promere languidiora vina. Non. ille, quamquam Sociaticis madet Seimonibus, te negliget horridus : 1 C Narratur et prisci Catonis Ssepe mero caluisse virtus. Tu lene tormentura ingenio admoves Plerumque duro : tu sapientium Curas et arcanum jocoso 15 Consilium retegis Lyseo : Tu spem reducis mentibus anxiis Viresque : et addis cornua pauperi. Post te neque iratos trementi Regum apices, neque militum arma. ZO Te Liber, et, si Iseta aderit, Venus, Segnesque nodum solvere Gratiae, Vivseque producent lucernse, Dum rediens fugat astra Phoebiu. 23,24.] CARMINUM. LIBER III. 75 Gasmen XXIII. AD PHIDYLEN. Coelo Bupinas si tuleris maims Nascente Luna, rustica Phid)'Jii, Si thure placaris et honia Fruge Lares, avidaquo porpa : Nee pestilentern sentiet Afrioum 6 Fecunda vitis, neo steriletn seges Robiginem, aut dulces alumni Pomifero grave tempus anno. Nam, quae nivali pascitur Algido Devota quercus inter et Uices, I U Aut crescit Albanis in herbis, Victima, pontificum securim Cervice tinget. Te nihil attinet Tentare multa caide bidentium Parvos coronantem marino 16 Rore deos fragilique myrto. Immunis aram si tetigit manus, Non sumtuosa blandior hostia MoUivit aversos Penates Farre pio et saliente mica. 2U Carmen XXIV. Intactis opulentior Thesauris Arabum et divitis Indise, Csementis licet occupes Tyrrhenum omne tuis et mare Apulicum, 76 a. HORATII FLACCI '24. Si figit adamantinos Summis verticibus dira Necessitas Clavos, non animum metu, Non mortis laqueis expedies caput Campestres melius Scythse, Quorum plaustra vagas rite trahunt domos, 10 Vivunt, et rigidi Getae, Immetata.quibus jugera liberas Fruges et Cererem ferunt, Neo cultura placet longior annua ; Defunctumque laboribus 1 5 ^quali recreat sorte vicarius. lUic matre carentibus Privignis mulier temperat innooens : Nee dotata regit virurii Conjux, nee nitido fidit adultero. di) Dos est magna parentium Virtus, et metuens alterius viri Certo foedere castitas, Et peocare nefas, aut pretium emoii. O quis, quis volet impias Z5 Casdes et rabiem tollere civicam ? Si quseret Pater Urbium Subscribi statuis, indomitam audeat Rcfrenare licentiam, Clarus postgenitis : quatenus, heu nefas ! 30 Virtutem inoolumem odimus, Sublatam ex oculis quserimus invidi. Quid tristes querimonice, Si non supplioio culpa reoiditur ? Quid leges, sine moribus 33 Vance, proficiunt, si neque fervidis Pars inolusa caloribus Mundi, neo Borese finitimum latus, DuratBBque solo nives, Mercatorem abigunt ? horrida callidi 4(1 84, 25.J CAEMINUM. LIBER HI. 77 Vincunt Bsquora navitas ? Magnum pauperies opproTjrium jubel, Quidvis et facere et pati, Virtutisque viam deserit arduse ? Vel nos in Capitolium, 45 Quo clamor vocat et turba faventium, Vel nos in mare proximum Gemmas, et lapides, aurum et inutile, Summi mateiiem maU, Mittamus, scelerum si bene poenitet. 50 Eradenda cupidinis Pravi sunt elementa ; et tenerae nimis ' Mantes asperioribus Firmandse studiis. Nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer, 6& Venarique timet ; ludere doctior, Seu Grasco jubeas troche, Seu malis yetita legibus alea : Quum perjura patria fides Consortem socium fallat, et hospitem, 60 Indignoque pecuniara Hseredi properet. Scilicet improbse Crescunt divitiae : tamen Curtae nescio quid semper abest rei. Carmen XXV. AD BACGHUM. Quo me, Bacche, rapis tui Plenum ? QuEe nemora, quos agor in specus, Velox mente nova ? Quibus Antris egregii Caesaris audiar iEtemum meditans decus Stellis inserere et consilio Jovis ? 78 Q. HOEATII FLACCI [25, 27. Dicam insigne, recens, adhuc Indictum ore alio. Non seous in jugis Exsomnis stupet Euias, Hebrum prospioiens, et nive candidam 1 1) Thracen, ac pede barbaro Lustratam Rhodopen. Ut mihi devio Ripas et vacuum nemus Mirari libet ! O Naiadum potens Baccharumque valentium 16 Proceras manibus vertere fraxinos, Nil parvum aut huhiili modo, Nil mortale loquar. Dulce periculum, O Lense I sequi deum Cingentem viridi tempora pampino. 20 Cahmen XXVII. AD GALATEAM. Impios parrse recinentis omen Ducat, et prsegnans canis, aut ab aCTP Rava decurrens lupa Lanuvino, Fetaque vulpes : Rumpat et serpens iter institutum, 5 Si per obliquum similis sagittse Terruit mannos. — Ego cui timebo, Providus auspex, Antequam stantes repetat palud&s Imbrium divina avis imminentum, 10 Oscinem corvum prece susoitabo Solis ab ortu. Sis licet felix, ubicunque mavis, Et memor nostri, Galatea, vivas, 27.} CARMINJM. LIBER III. 79 Teque nee laevus vetet ire picus, 15 Nee vaga cornix. Sed vides, quanto trepidet tumultu Pronus Orion. Ego, quid sit ater Hadrise, novi, sinus, et quid albus Peceet lapyx. 20 Hostium uxores puerique cseeos Sentiant motus orientis Austri, et ^quoris nigri fremitum, et trementes Verbere ripas. Sic et Europe niveum doloso 26 Credidit tauro latus ; at scatentem Belluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax. Nuper in pratis studiosa florum, et DebitcB Nymphis opifex corona;, 30 Nocte subluEtri nihil astra preeter Vidit et undas. QusB simul centum tetigit potentem Oppidis Creten, "Pater! O relictum FilisB nomen ! pietasque," dixit, 35 "Victa furore I TJnde ? quo veni ? Levis una mors est Virginum culpas. Vigilansne ploro Turpe commissum ? an vitio carentem Ludit imago 40 Vana, quam e porta fugiens ebuma Somnium ducit ? Meliusne fluctus 8G a. HOEATII PLACCI [2^ Ire per longos foit, an recentes Carpere flores ? Si quis infaiaem mihi nunc juvencum 4.' Dedat iratse, laceiare ferro et Frangere enitar modo multum amati Coinua monstri ! Impudens liqui patrios Penates : Impudens Oroum moror. O Deorum 5t- Si quis hsBC audis, utinam inter errem Nuda leones ! Antequam turpis in3,cies decentes Ocoupet malas, tenerseque succus Sefluat prsedie, speeiosa qusero S5 Pascere tigres. Vilis Europe, pater urget absens : Quid mori cessas ? Potes hac ab omo Pendulum zona bene te secuta LEedere collum. 60 Sive te rupes et acuta leto Saxa delectant, age, te procellas Crede veloci : nisi herile mavis Carpere pensum, (Regius sanguis !) dominaeque traJi 6S Barbaras pellex." Aderat querenti Perfidum ridens Venus, et remisso Filius arcu. Mox-, ubi lusit satis, " Abstineto," Dixit, " irarum oalidseque rixae, 70 27,28,29.] CARMINUM. LIBER III. 81 Quum tibi invisus laceranda reddet. Cornua taurus. Uxor invicti Jovis esse nescis : Mitte singultus ; bene ferre magnam Disce fortunam : tua sectus orbis 75 Nomina ducet." Carmen XXVIII. AD LYDEN. Festo quid potius die Neptuni faciam ? Prome reconditum. Lyde strenua, CsBcubum, Munitaeque adhibe vim sapientise. Inclinare meridiem 6 Sentis ; ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere horreo Cessantem Bibuli consulis amphoram ? Nos cantabimus invioem Neptunum, et virides Nereidum comas ; 10 Tu curva recines lyra Latonam, et celeris spioula Cynthice : Summo carmine, quae Cnidon Fulgentesque tenet Cycladas, et Paphon Junctis visit oloribus : 15 Dicetur merita Nox quoque naenia. Carmen XXIX. AD M^CENATEM. Tyrrhena regum progenies, tibi Non ante verso lene merum oado, Cuni flore, MsEcenas, Tosarnm, et Pressa tuis balanus capillis 88 a. HOEATII FLACCl [.29. Jam dudum apud me est. Eripe te morse ; 5 Ut semper-udum Titur, at JEsulse Declive oontempleris arvum, et Telegoni juga parricidse. /..,,..-. 'Fastidiosam desere copiam, et Molem propinquam nubibus arduis ; 10 Omitte mirari beatse Fumum et opes strepitumque Romffi. Plernmque gratae divitibus vices, Muq^seque parvo sub lare pauperum Coense, sine aulaeis et ostro, 15 Sollicitam explicuere frontem. Jam clarus occultum Andromedse pater Ostendit ignem : jam Prooyon furit, Et Stella vesani Leonis, Sole dies referente sicoos : 20 Jam pastor umbras cum grege languido Rivumque fessus quserit, et horridi Dumeta Silvani ; oaretque Ripa vagis tacituma ventis. Tu, civitatem quis deflsat status, 2S Curas, et Urbi soUicitus times, Quid Seres et regnata Cjrro * Baotra parent Tanaisque discors. Prudens fiituri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit Deus, 30 Ridetque, si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat. yQuod adest memento 89.] CARMINUM. LIBER III. 83 Componere sequus : cetera fluminis K,itu feruntur, nunc medio alveo Cum pace delabentis Etruscum 3& In mare, nunc lapides adesos, Stirpesque raptas, et pecus et domos Volventis una, non sine montium ~ Clamore vicinasque silv», Quum fexa dUuvies quietos 40 Irritat amnes. Ille potens sui Laetusque deget, cui licet in diem Dixisse, " Vixi : eras vel atra Nubepolum Pater occupato, Vel sole puro : non tamen irritum, 45 Quodcunque retro est, efficiet ; neque DiiEnget infeotumque reddet, Quod fugiens semel hora vexit." Fortuna saevo Iseta negotio, et Ludum insdlentem ludere pertinax, SO Transmutat incertos honores, Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna. Laudo manentem : si celeres quatit Pennas, resigno quEe dedit, et mea Virtute me involve, probamque 65 Pauperiem sine dote quasro. Non est meum si mugiat Africis Malus prooellis, ad miseras preces Decurrere ; et votis pacisci, Ne Cyprise Tyriasve merces CO 84 Q. HOKATII FLACCI CARMINUM. LIBER III. [29, 30. Addant avaro divitias mari. Turn me, tiremis praesidio scaphsB Tutum, per iEgsEos tumultus Aura feret geminusque Pollux. Cakmen XXX. Exegi monumentum Eere perennius, Regalique situ pyramidum altius ; Quod non imter edax, non Aquilo impotens Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis Annorum series, et fuga temporum. 5 Non omnis moriair I multaque pars mei Vitabit Libitinani/. Usque ego postera Crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium Scandet cum tacita Virgine pontifex. Dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus, 10 Et qua pauper aquse Daunus agxestium Begnavit populorum, ex humili potens, Prineeps Solium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos. Sume superbiam QuBBsitam meritis, et mibi Delpbioa 15 Lauro cinge volens, Melpomene, comam. Q. HOEATII FLACCI C A RM I N U M LIBER QUARTUS. Carmen II. AD lULUM ANTONIUM. PiNDAUUM quisquis studet aBmulari, lule, ceratis ope Daedalea Nititur pennis, vitreo daturus Nomina ponto. Monte decurrens velut amnis, imbres 6 Quem super notas aluere ripas, Fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore ; Laurea donandus ApoUinari, Sen per audaces nova dithyrambos 1 Verba devolvit, numerisque fertur Lege solutis : Seu Deos, regesve canit, Deornm Sanguinem, per qnos ceoidere juste Marte Centauri, ceoidet tremenda 1 5 Flamma Chimserae : Sive, quos Elea domum reducit Palma codestes, pugilemve equumve Dicit, et centum potiore signis Munere donat : 2C 8G a. HORATii FLAcci |_a. Flebili sponsse juvenemve raptum Plorat, et vires anirnumque moresque ureos educit in astra, nigroque Invidet Oreo. Multa Dircffium levat aura cycnum, 25 Tendit, Antoni, quoties in. altos Nubium traotus : ego, apis Matinse More modoque, Grata carpentis thyma per laborem Plurimum, circa nemus uvidique 30 Tiburis ripas operosa parvus Caimina fingo. Concines majore poeta plectro Caesarem, quandoqne trahet feroces Per sacrum olivum, merita decorus 36 Fronde, Sygambros ; Quo nihil majus meliusve terris Fata donavere bonique divi. Nee dabunt, quamvis redeant in aurum Tempera priscum. 40 Concines laetosque dies, et Urbis Publicum ludum, super impetrato Fortis Augusti reditu, forumque Litibus orbum. Turn me£B (si quid loquor audiendum) 45 Vocis accedet bona pars : et, " O Sol Puleher ! O laudande !" canam, reoepto CsBBare fells, 8| 3.j CARMINUM. LIBEU IV. 87 Tuque dum prooedis, " lo Triumph? !" Non semel dicemus, " lo Triumphe !" 50 Civitas omnis, dabimusque divis Thura benignis. Te decern tauri totidemque vacc83, Me tener solvet vitulus, reliota Matre, qui largis juvenesoit herbis 5ti In mea vota, Fronte curvatos imitatus ignes Tertium Lunss referentis ortum, Qua notam duxit niveus videri, Gsetera fulvus. 60 Cakmen III. AD MELPOMENEN. Quem tu, Melpomene, semel Nascentem placido lumine videris, Ilium non labor Istbmius Clarabit pugilem, non equus impiger Curru ducet Aobaico 5 Viotorem, neque res bellioa Deliis Ornatum foliis ducem, Quod regum tumidas contuderit minas, Ostendet Capitolio : Sed qu8B Tibur aquae fertile praefluunt 10 Et spisssB nemorum comae, Fingent .^olio carmine nobilem. Romae principis urbium Dignatur suboles inter amabUes Vatum ponere me chores ; II Et jam dente minus mordeor invido. B8 a. HOKATIl PLACCI [3, 4. O, testudinis auresB Duloem quae Btcepitum, Fieri, temperas I O, mutis quoque piscibus Donatura cycnij si libeat, sonum ! 20 Totum muneris hoc tui est, Quod monstror digito praetereuntium Romanae fidioen lyrse : Qiiod spiro et placeo (si placeo), tuum est. Caumen IV. DBUSI LAUDES. Qualem ministrum fulminis alitem, Cui rex Deorum regnum in. aves vagas Permisit, expertus fidelem Jupiter in Ganymede flavo, Olim juventas et patrius vigor t Nido laborum propulit inscium : Vemique, jam nimbis remotis, Insolitos docuere nisus Venti paventem : mox in ovUia Demisit hostem vividus impetus : 1 Nunc in reluctantes dracones Egit amor dapis atque pugnie : .Qualemve Isetis caprea pascnis Intenta, fulvse matris ab ubere Jam laote depulsum. leonem, 15 Dente novo peritura, vidit : Videre Rsetis bella sub Alpibus Drusum gerentem Vindelioi [quibus Mos unde deduotus per omno Tempus Amazonia securi 20 4.J CARMINUM.-T-LIBER IV. 89 Dextras obarmet, quEsrere distuli : Neo scire fas est omnia] : sed diu Lateque victrioes caterVcB, Consiliis juvenis revictae, Sensere, quid mens rite, quid indoles, ,26 Nutrita faustis sul) penetralibus. Posset, quid Augusti patemus In pueros animus Nerones. Fortes creantur fortibus : et bonis Est in juvencis, est in equis patrum 30 Virtus : neque imbellem feroces Progen6rant aquilse columbam. Doctrina sed vim promovet insitam, E-eotique cultus peotora roborant : Utcunque defeoere mores, :^-5 Indecorant bene nata culpse. Quid debeas, O K-oma, Neronibus, Testis Metaurum flumen, et HasdruLal Deviotus, et pulcher fugatis Ille dies Latio tenebris, 40 Qui primus alma lisit adorea, Dirus per urbes Afer ut Italas, Ceu flamma per tsBdas, vel Eurus Per Sioulas equitavit undas. Post hoc secundis usque laboribus id E-omana pubes crevit, et impio Vastata Poenorum tumultu Fana deos habuere rectos : 90 a. HOEATII FLACCI ' [4. Dixitque tandem perfitlus Hannibal : "Cervi, luporum prseda rapacium, 50 Seotamur ultra, quos opimus Fallere et efiugere est triumphus. ^ Gens, quEB cremato fortis ab Ilio Jactata Tuscis sequoribus sacra, Natosque maturosque patres 55 PertuUt Ausonias ad urbes, Duris ut ilex tonsa bipeimibus NigrsB feiaci frondis in Algido, Per damna, per csedes, ab ipso , Ducit opes animumque ferro. CO Non Hydra seoto corpore firmior Vinci dolentem crevit in Herculem : Monstrumve submisere Colchi Majus, Echioniaeve Thebae. Merses profundo, pulchrior evenit : 65 Luctere, multa proruet integrum Cum laude victorem, geretque Proslia conjugibus loquenda. Carthagini jam non ego nuntios Mittam superbos : occidit, occidit 70 Spes omnis et fortuna nostri Nominis, Hasdrubale interemto. Nil ClaudiEB non perficient manus : Quas et benigno numine Jupiter Defendit, et curae sagaces 75 Espediunt per acuta belli." 5.1 carminum. liber iv. 91 Cakmen v. AD AUGUSTUM. Divis orte bonis, optime Romulfe Custos gentis, abes jam nimium diu : Maturum reditum poUicitus Patrum Sancto consilio, redi. Lucera redde tuse, dux bone, patiiae : b Instar veris enim vultus ubi tuus AfFulsit populo, gratior it dies, Et soles melius nitent. TJt mater juvenem, quern Notus invido Flajtu Carpathii trans maris mquora 10 Cunctantem spatio longius aiuiuo Dulci distinet a domo, Votis ominibusque et precibus vocat, Curvo neo faciem litore demovet : Sic desideriis icta fidelibus 15 QuEerit patria Csesarem. Tutus bos etenim tuta perambulat ; Nutrit rura Ceres, almaque Faustitas ; Pacatum volitant per mare navitae ; Culpari metuit Fides ; 20 Nullis poUuitur casta domus stupris ; Mos et lex maculosura edorouit nefas ; Laudantur simili prole puerpersB ; Culpam Pcsna premit comes. Quis Parthum paveat ? quis gelidum Scythen ? 25 Quis, Germania quos horrida parturit 92 a. HORATII FLACCI [5, Q Fetus, incolumi Cssare ? quis feras Bellum ouret Iberiae ? Condit quisque diem collibus in suis, Et vitem viduas duoit ad arbores ; tiO Hiuc ad vinaTfcdit Isetus, et alteris Te mensis adhibet Deum : Te multa prece, te prosequitur mero Defuso pateris : et Laribus tuiun Miscet numen, uti Grascia Castoris Sfi Et magni memor Herculis. Longas O utinam, dux bone, ferias Priestes HesperiaB ! dioirius integro Sicci mane die, dicimus uvidi, Quum Sol oceano snbest. 40 Cakmen VI. AD APOLLINEM. Dive, quem proles Niobea magnae Vindicem linguae, Tityosque raptor Sensit, et Trojse prope victor altee Phthius AchUles, Caeteris major, tibi miles impar ; b FUiuB quamquam Thetidos mariniB Dardanas turres quateret tremenda Cuspide pugnax Ille, mordaci velut icta ferro Pinus, aut impulsa cupressus Euro, 10 Procidit late posuitque collum in Pulvere Teucro. 6.] CARMINUM. LIBER IV. 93 Illo non, inclusus equo Minervse Sacra mentito, male feriatos Troas et laetam Priami ohoreis Ift Falleret aulam : Sed palam captis gravis, heu nefas ! heu ! Nesoios fari pueros Achivis Ureret flammis, etiam latentem Matris in alvo : ' /M Ni, tuis flexus Venerisque gratse Vocibus, Divum pater adnuisset Rebus ^neae potiore ductos Alite muros. Doctor ArgivBB fidioen Thalise, 25 Phcebe, qui Xantho lavis amne crines, DaunisB defende decus Camense, Levis Agyieu. Spiritum Phcebus mihi, Phoebus artem Carnunis, nomenque dedit poetsB. 30 Virginum primas, puerique claris Patribus orti, Delias tutela dese, fugaoes Lyncas et cervos cohibentis arcu, Lesbium servate pedem, meique 35 PoUicis ictum, Rite Latonse puerum canentes, Rite crescentem face Nootilucam, Prosperam frugum, celeremque pronos Volvere menses. 40 04 a. HORATU FLACCI [0 7 Nupta jam dices : Ego Dis amioum, SsBculo festas referente luces, Reddidi carmen, docilis modorum Vatis Horati. Carmen VII. AD TORQUATUM. Difiiigere nives ; redeunt jam gramina campis, Arboribusque comae : Mutat terra vices ; et decrescentia ripas Flumina prsetereunt : Gratia cum Nymphis geminisque soronbus audet 5 Ducere nuda chores. Tmmortalia ne speres, monet Annus et almum Quae rapit Hora diem. Frigora mitescunt Zephyiis : Ver preterit ^E&tiis, Interitura, simul iO Pomifer Auctumnus fruges efiuderit : et mox Bruma recurrit iners. Damna tamen celeres reparant ccelestia lLiua3 • Nos, ubi decidimus. Quo pius JEnesLS, quo dives TuUus et Ancus, 15 Pulvis et umbra sumus. Quis scit, an adjiciant hodiernae crastina summio Tempera Di superi ? Cuncta manus avidas fugient haeredis, amico Quae dederis animo. 'iO Quum serael ocoideris, et de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria : Non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas. Infemis neque enim tenebris Diana pudicura 26 Liberat Hippolytum ; Neo Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere earo Vincula Pirithoo. fi.l CARMINUM. LIBER IV. 9S Carmen VIII. AD CENSORINUM. Donarem pateras grataque oommodiis, ' Censorine, meis ara sodalibus ; Donarem tripodas, prsemia fortium Graiorum ; neque tu pessima muneruiii Ferres, divite me scilicet artium, 5 Quas aut Parrhasius protulit, aut Soopas, Hie saxo, liquidis Ule coloribus SoUers nunc hominem ponere, nunc Deuni. Sed non haec mihi vis : nee tibi talium Res est aut animus deliciarum egens. 10 Gaudes carminibus ; carmina possumus Donare, et pretium dicere muneri. Non incisa notis marmora publicis, Per quae spiritus et vita redit bonis Post mortem ducibus ; non celeres fugm, 1 h Rejectseque retrorsum Hannibalis miiiEB ; [Non stipendia Carthaginis impise], Ejus, qui domita nomen ab Africa Lueratus rediit, clarius indicant Laudes, quam Calabraa Pierides : neque, 20 Si chartse sUeant, quod bene feceris, Mercedem tuleris. Quid foret Ilias Mavortisque puer, si taciturnitas Obstaret meritis invida Romuli ? Ereptum Stygiis fluctibus ^acum aS Virtus et favor et lingua potentium Vatum divitibus consecrat insulis. Dignum laude virum Musa vetat mori : Coelo Musa beat. Sic Jovis interest Optatis epulis impiger Hercules : 30 Clarum Tyndaridae sidus ab infimi* 80 a. UOEATII FLACCI [6, W, Quassas eripiunt ssquoribtis rates : Ornatas viridi tempqra pampiuo Liber vota bonoB ducit ad exitus. Carmen IX. AD LOLLIUM. Ne forte oredas interitura, quas, Longe sonantem natus ad Aufiduin, Non ante vulgatas per artes Verba loquor sooianda chordis. Non, si priores MsBonius tenet v. 8 Sedes Homerus, Pindaricae latent, Ceasque, et Aloaei minaces, Stcsichorique graves CameiiS! : Nee, si quid olim lusit Anaoreou, Delevit BBtas : spirat adhuc amor, 10 Vivuntque commissi calores .zEolise fidibus puellse. Non sola comtos arsit adulteri Crines, et aurum vestibus illitmn Mirata, regalesque cultus iH Et oomites Helene Lacajna ; Primusve Teucer tela Cydonio Direxit arcu ; non semel Ilios Vexata ; non pugnavit ingeiis Idomeneus Sthenelusye solii? H> Djgenda Musis proelia ; non ferox Hector, Tel aoer Deiphobus giavp'; Excepit ictus pro pudicis Conjugibus puerisque prmius. CARMINUM. LIBER IV. ^i^ Vixere fortes ante Agamemuona 25 Multi : sed omnes illaorimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte, carent quia vate sacro. Paulum sepultae distat inertiae Celata virtus. Non ego te meis 30 Chartis inomatum sUebo, Totve tuos patiar labores Irapune, Lolli, carpere lividas Obliviones. Est animus tibi K.erumque prudens, et secundis 35 Temporibus dubiisque rectus ; Vindex avarae fraudis, et abstinens Ducentis ad se cuncta pecuniae : Consulque non unius auni, Sed quoties bonus atque, fidus 40 Judex honestum prsetulit utili, Rejecit alto dona nocentium Vultu, per obstantes catervas ExpUouit sua victor arma. Non possidentem multa vocaveris 45 Recte beatum : rectius ocoupat Nomen beati, qui deorum Muneribus sapienter uti, Duramque oallet pauperiem pati, Pejusque leto flagitium timet ; 50 Non iUe pro caris amicis Aut patria timidus perire. E 98 a. HOKATH FLACCI [ H 2. Cahmen XI. AD PHYLLIDEM. Est mihi nonum superantis annum Plenus Albani cadus ; eet in horto, Phylli, nectendis apium coronis ; Est ederae vis Miilta, qua crines religata ftilges ; 5 Ridet argento domus ; ara castis Vincta verbenis avet immolate Spargier agno ; Cuncta festinat manus, hue et illuc Cursitant mixtse pueris puellse ; 1 Sordidum flammae trepidant rotantes Vertice fumum. TJt tamen noris, quibus advoceris Gaudiis, Idus tibi sunt agendas, Qui dies mensem Veneris marinas 15 Findit Aprilem ; Jure solennis mihi, sanctiorque Psene natali proprio, quod ex hao Luce Maecenas meus affiuentes Ordinat annos. Nilusque, et Ister, te rapidus Tigris, Te belluosus qui remotis Obstrepit Oceanus Britannis : Te non paventis funera Galliae DurBBque tellus audit Iberise : 50 Te csede gaudentes Sygambri Compositis venerantur armis. Cabmen XV. AUGUSTI LAUDES. Phcsbus volentem proslia me loqui Victas et urbes, inorepuit, lyra : Ne parva Tyrrhenum per aequor Vela darem. Tua, Cassar, setas lOa Q, HOEATII FLACCI CAKMINUM. LIBER IV. [15. Fruges et agris retulit uberes, & Et signa nostro restituit Jovi, Derepta Parthorum superbis Postibus, et vacuum duellis Janum Quirinum clusit, et ordincm Rectum evaganti frena Licentiae 10 Injecit, emovitque culpas, Et veteres revocavit artes, Per quas Latinum nomen et Italse Crevere vires, famaque et imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortum 1 5 Solis ab Hesperio cubili. • Custode rerum Csesare, non furor Civilis aut vis exiget otium, Non ira, quae prooudit enses, Et miseras inimicat urbes. 20 Non, qui profundum Danubium bibunt, Edicta rumpent Julia, non Getffi, Non Seres, infidive Persae, Non Tanain prope flumen orti. Nosque, et profestis lucibus et sacris, 25 Inter jocosi munera Liberi, Cum prole matronisque nostris. Rite decs prius apprecati, Virtute functos, more patrum, duces, Lydis remLsto carmine tibiis, 30 , Trqjamque et Anohisen et alraas Progeniem Veneris canemus. Q. HOEATII ELACCI E P D I LIBER. Q. nOEATII FLACCI E P D N L I B E E. Caumen I. AQ M^CENATEM. Ibis Libumis inter alta navium, Aniicer propugnacula7 Faratus omne Cassari periculum- Subire, MjBcenas, tuo ? Quid nos, quibus te vita si superstite 6 Jucunda. si contra, gravis ? Utrumne jussi persequemur otium, Nou dulce, ni tecum simul ? An huno laborem mente latiiri, deoet Qua ferre non molles vitos ? 1 Feremus ; et te vel per Alpium juga, Inhospitalem et Caucasum, Vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum Forti sequernur peutore. Roges, tuum la,bore quid juvem meo 15 Imbellis ac firmus parum ? Comes minore sum futurus in metu, Qui major absentes habet : Ut assidens implumibus puUis avi,- Serpentium allapsus time,t 20 Magis relictis ; non, ut %dsit, auxili Latura plus orassentibus. E 2 106 Q. HOEATII FLACCI Tl, 2 Libenter hoc et omne militabitur Bellum in tuae spem gratiae ; Non ut juvencis illigata pluribus 25 Aratra nitantur mea ; Pecusve Calabris ante sidus fervidnm Lucana mutet pascuis ; Nee ut superni villa candens Tusctili CirciEa tangat mcsnia. 30 Satis superque me benignitas tua Ditavit : baud paravero, Quod aut, avarus ut Chremes, terra premam, Discinctus aut perdam ut nepos. Cakmen II. ' Beatus ille, qui procul negotiis, Ut prisca gens raortalium, Patema rura bobus exercet suis, Solutus omni fenore. Neque excitatur classico miles truci, 6 Neque horret iratum mare ; Forumque vitat et superba civium Potentiorum limiiia. Ergo aut adulta vitium propagine Altas maritat populos, 10 Inutilesque falce ramos amputans Felieiores inserit ; Aut in reducta valle mngientium Prospectat errantes greges ; Aut pressa puris mella condit amphoris .; 15 Aut to-ndet infirmas oves ; Vel, quum decorum mitibus pomis caput Aucturanus agris extulit, Ut gaudet insitiva deoerpens pira, Certantem et uvam purpurse, 20 2.J EPODON LIBER. 107 Qua muneretur te, Priape, et te, pater Silvane, tutor finium. Libet jacere, modo sub antiqua ilioe, Modo ia tenaoi gramine. Labuntur altis interim ripis aquse ; , 26 Queruntur in silvis aves ; Frondesque lymphis obstrepunt manantibug ; Somnos quod invitet leves. At quum Tonantis annus hibemus Jovis Imbres nivesque comparat, 30 Aut trudit acres bine et bine multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas ; Aut amite levi rara tendit retia, Turdis edacibus doles ; Pavidumque leporem, et advenam laqueo gruem, 35 Jucunda captat prsemia. Quis non malarum, quas amor curas habet, Hseo inter obliviscitur ? Quod si pudica mulier in partem, juvet Domum atque dulces liberos, 40 Sabina qualis, aut perusta solibus Pernicis uxor Apuli, Sacrum et vetustJfe extruat lignis focum, Lassi sub adventum viri ; Claudensque textis cratibus Isetum pecus, 45 Distenta siccet ubera ; Et horna dulci vina promens dolio, Dapes inemtas apparet : Non me Lucrina juverint conchylia, Magisve rhombus, aut scari, 50 Si quos Eois intonata fluotibus HKems ad boo vertat mare ; Non Afra ayis descendat in ventrem meum, Non attagen loriicus Jueundior, quam lecta de pinguissimis 55 Oliva ramis arborum, 108 Q. HOKATH FLACCI [2. S. Aut herba lapathi prata amantis, et gravi MalvsB salubres corpori, Vel agna festk caesa Terminalibus, Vel haedus ereptus lupo. 60 Has inter epulas, ut juvat pastas oves Videre properaates domum I Videre fessos vomerem inversum boves Collo trabentes languido ! Positosque vemas, ditis examen dpmns, G5 Circmn renidentes Lares !" Heec ubi locutus fenerator Alpbius, Jam jam futurus rusticus, Omnem redegit Idibus pecuniam — Quaerit Kalendis ponere ! 70 Carmen III. AD M^CENATEM. Parentis olim si quis impia manu Senile guttur fregerit Edit cicutis allium noceutius. O dura messorum ilia ! Quid hoc veneni ssevit in praocordiis ? 5 Num viperinus his cruor Incoctus herbis me fefeUit ? an malas Canidia tractavit dapes ? Ut Argonautas praeter omnes candid um Medea mirata est ducem, I ( Ignota tauris illigaturum juga, Perunxit hoc lasonem : Hoc dehbutis ulta donis peUicem, Serpente fugit alite. Neo tantus unquam siderum insedit vapor Id Siticulosae Apuliae : Nee munus htimeris efEcacis Herculis Inarsit sesttiosiug. 4»5.J EPODON LIBER. 109 < Carmen IV. Lupis et agnis quanta soTtito obtigit, Tecum mihi discordia est, Ibericis peruste funibus latus, Et crura dura compede. Licet superbus ambules pecnnia, it Fortuna non mutat genus. Videsne, Sacram inetiente te viam Cum bis trium ulnarum toga, Ut ora vertat hue et hue euntium Liberrima indignatio ? 1 " Sectus flagellis hie Triumviralibus, PiEBconis ad fastidium, Arat Falemi mille fundi jugera Et Appiam mannis terit ; Sedilibusque magnus in primis eques, 16 Othone contemto, sedet ! Quid attinet tot ora n avium gravi E-ostrata duci pondere Contra latrones atque servilem manum, Hoc, hoc tribune militum ?" 20 Cakmen V. IN CANIDIAM VENEFICAM. ■ At, O deorum quicquid in coslo regit Terras et humanum genus ! . Quid iste fert turaultus ? aut quid omnium Vultus in unum me truces ? Per liberos te, si vocata partubus Luciiia veris adfuit, Per hoc inane purpurae decus precor, Per improbaturum haeo Jovem, ,110 a. HOKATII FLACCI [ft. Quid ut noverca me iiitueris, aut uti Petita ferro bellua ?" — 10 Ut hsec tremente questus ore constitit InsigniDus raptis puer, Impute corpus, quale posset impia Mollire Thracum pectora ; Canidia brevibus implicata viperis 15 Ciines et incomtum caput, Jubet sepulcris caprificos erutas, Jubet cupressus funebres, Et uncta turpis ova ranse sanguine, Plumamque nocturnae strigis, 20 Herbasque, quas lolcos atque Iberia Mittit venenorum ferax, Et ossa ab ore rapta jejunse canis, Flammis aduri Colchicis. At expedita Sagana, per totam domum 25 Spargens Avernales aquas, Horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus, aut Laurens aper. Abacta nulla Veia conscientia Ligonibus duris humum 30 Exhauriebat, ingemens laboribus ; Quo posset infossus puer Longo die bis terque mutatse dapis Inemori spectaculo ; Quum proraineret ore, quantum exstant aqua 35 Suspensa mento corpora ; Exsucca uti medulla et aridum jecur Amoris esset poculum, Intermmato quum semel fixBB oibo Intabuissent pupulae. 40 Hie irresectum saeva dente livido Canidia rodens pollicem Quid dixit ? aut quid tacuit ? " O rebus mew Non infideles arbitrse, ^ i BPODON MDEH. H] Nox, et Diana, quae silentium regis, 45 Arcana quum fiunt sacra, Nunc nunc adeste, nunc in hostiles domos Tram atque numen vertite. Formidolosae dum latent silvis ferse, Duloi sopore langnidaj, 50 Senem, quod omnes rideant, adulterum Latrent Suburanse canes, Nardo perunctum, quale non perfeotius Meae laborarint manus. — Quid accidit ? cur dira barbarsB minus 55 Venena Medea3 valent ? Quibus superbarn fugit ulta pellicem, Magni Creontis filiam, Quum palla, tabo munus imbutum, novam Incendio nuptam abstulit." 6U Sub hseo puer, jam non, ut ante, mollibus Lenire verbis impias ; Sed dubius, unde rumperet silentium, Misit Thyesteas preces : "Venena magica fas nefasque, non valent 65 Convertere humanam vicem. Diris agam vos : dira defestatio Nulla expiatur victima. Quin, ubi perire jussus expiravero, Nocturnus occurram Furor, 70 Petamque vultus umbra curvis unguibus, QuEB vis deorum est Manium, Et inquietis assidens praicordiis Pavore somnos auferam. Vos turba vicatim hino et hinc saxis petens 76 Contundet obsoenas anus. Post insepulta membra different lupi Et EsquilinEB alites. Neque hoc parentes, heu mihi superstites ! ' Effugerit spectaculum." 80 lis Q. HOEATII FLAOCI \Q.1 \ Caumen VI. Quid immerentes hoBpites vexas, cams, Ignavus adversum lupos ? Quia hue inanes, si potes, vertis minas, Et me remorsurum petis ? Nam, qualis aut Molossus, aut fulvus Laoon, 5 Arnica vis pastoribus, Agam per altas aure sublata nives, QuBBOunque praecedet fera. Tu, quum timenda voce complesti nemus. Projectum odoraris cibum. 10 Cave, cave : iiamque in males asperrimus Parata tollo cornua ; Qualis Lycaml)Ee spretus infido gener, Aut acer hostis Bupalo. An, si qnis atro dente me petiverit, 15 Inultus ut flebo puer ? Carmen VII. AD POPULUM ROMANUM. Quo, quo scelesti ruitis ? aut cur dexteris Aptantur enses conditi ? Parumne campis atque Neptuno super Fusum est Latini sanguinis ? Non, ut superbas invidte Carthaginis 5 Romanus arces ureret, Intactus aut Britannus ut descenderet Sacra catenatus via, Sed ut, secundum vota Parthorum, sua Urbs hiBC periret dextera. 10 Neque liic lupis mos, nee fuit leonibus, Nunquam, nisi in dispar, feris. 7,9.] EPODON LIBER. l\^ Furome csecus, an rapit vis aorior ? An culpa ? responsum date. — Taoent ; et ora pallor albus inlicit, 1 5 Mentesque perculsae stupent. Sic est ; acerta fata Romanes agunt, Scelusque fraternse necis, Ut immerentis fluxit in terram B/eini Sacer nepotibus cruor. HO Caumen IX. AD IVLECENATEM. Quando repostum Caeoubum ad festas dapes, Victore laetus Csesare, Tecum sub alta, sic Jovi gratum, domo, Beate Maecenas, bibam, Sonante inixtum tibiis carmen lyra, 5 Hao Dorium, iUis barbarum ? Ut miper, actus quum freto Neptunius Dux fugit, ustis navibus, Minatus Urbi viacla, quae detraxerat Servis amicus perfidis. 1 Romanus, eheu ! posteri negabitis, Emancipatus feminae, Fert vallum et arma miles, et spadonibus Servire rugosis potest ! [nterque signa turpe miHtaria 1 5 Sol adspicit conopium ! A.d boo frementes verterunt bis mille equns Galli, canentes Caesarem ; Hostiliumque navium portu latent Puppes sinistrorsum citae. 80 lo Triumphe ! tu moraris aureos Currus, ot intactas boves ? 114 a. HOHATII FLACCI [S*, 10. lo Triumphe ! nee Jngurthino parem Bello reportasti duoem, Neque Africanum, cui super Carthaginem 25 Virtus sepulcrum condidit. Terra marique victus hostis, Punico Lugubre mutavit sagum ; Aut ille centum nobilem Cretam urbibus, Ventis iturus non suis ; .30 Exercitatas aut petit Syrtes Noto ; Aut fertur incerto man. Capaoiores affer hue, puer, soyphos, Et Chia vina, aut Lesbia, Vel, quod fluentem nauseam coerceat, 3S Metire nobis Caecubum. Cnram metumque Csesaris rerum juvat Dulci LysBO solvere. Cakmen X. IN MiEVIUM POETAM. Mala soluta navis exit alite, Ferens olentera Msevium. Ut horridis utrumque verberes latus, Auster, memento fluctibus. Niger rudentes Eurus, inverso mari, 5 Fractosque remos difierat ; Insurgat Aquilo, quantus altis montibus Frangit trementes ilices ; Nee sidus atra noete amicum appareat, Qua tristis Orion eadit ; 10 Quietiore nee feratur asquore, Quam Graia vietorum manus, Quum Pallas usto vertit iram ab Ilio In impiam Ajaeis ratem. 10, 13.] EPODON LIBER. 115 O quantus instat navitis sudor tuis, 1 fl Tibique pallor luteus, Et ilia non virilis ejulatio, Preces et aversum ad Jovem, lonius udo quum remugiens sinus Noto carinam ruperit ! 20 Opima quod si pra3da curvo litore Porreota merges juveris, Libidinosus immolabitur caper Et agna Tempestatibus. Carmen XIII. AD AMICOS. Horrida tempestas coelum contraxit, et imbres Nivesque deducunt Jovem ; imuc mare, nunc siluje Threicio Aquilone sonant. Rapiamus, amici, Occasionem de die ; dumque virent genua, Et decet, obdueta solvatur fronte senectus. 5 Tu vina Torquato move Consule pressa meo. Caetera mitte loqui : Deus hsec fortasso benigna Reducet in sedem vice. Nunc et Achaimenio Perfundi nardo juvat, et fide Cyllenea Levare diris pectora soUicitudinibus. 10 Nobilis ut grandi cecinit Centaurus alumno : Invicte, mortalis dea nate, puer, Thetide, Te manet Assaraci tellus, quam frigida parvi Findunt Scamandri flumina, lubrious et Simois ; Unde tibi reditum curto subtemine Parcse 1 (j liupere ; nee m.ater domum eaerula te revehet. Ulic omne malum vino cantuque levato, Defonnis ffigrimonise dulcibus alloquiis. no a. HOEATII FLACCI [16, Cakmbn XVI. AD POPULUM ROMANUM. Altera jam teritur bellis eivilibus setas, Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit, Quam neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Mai si, Minacis aut Etrusca Porsense manus, ^mula neo virtus CapuEe, neo Spartacus acer, 5 Novisque rebus infidelis AUobrox ; Nee fera caeiulea domuit Germania pube, Paxentibusque abominatus Hannibal : Impia perdemus devoti sanguinis setas ; ^ Ferisque rursus occupabitur solum. 1 JBarbarus, heu ! cineres insistet victor, et Urbem Eques sonants vorberabit ungula ; QuBBque carent ventis et solibus, ossa Quirini, Nefas videre ! dissipabit insolens. Forte, quid expediat, communiter, aut melior pars 1 5 Malis carere quseritis laboribus. Nulla sit hac potior sententia ; Phooseorum Velut profugit oxseorata civitas : Agros atque Lares patrios, habitandaque fana Apris reliquit et rapaoibus lupis : 20 Ire, pedes quoounque ferent, quocunque per undas Notus vocabit, aut protervus Africus. Sic placet ? an melius quis habet suadere ? secunda Ratem occupare quid moramur alite ? Sed juremus in hcBO : Simul imis saxa renarint 25 Vadis levata, ne redire sit nefas ; Neu conversa domum pigeat dare lintea, quaiido Padus Matina laverit cacumina ; In mare seu celsus procurrerit Apenninus ; Novaque monstra junxerit libidine 30 Mirus amor, juvet ut tigres subsidere cervis, Adulteretur et columba miluo ; 1'>-J El'ODON LIJil;i{. ] 17 Credula neo flavos timeant arraenta leones ; Ametque salsa levis hircus tequora. Haec, et quae poterunt reditus abscindere dulces, 35 Eamus omnis exsecrata civitas, Aut pars indocili melior grege ; mollis et exspes Inominata perprimat cubilia I Vos, quibus est virtus, muliebrem tollite luctum, Etrusca prseter et volate litora. 40 Nos manet Oceanus circumvagus : arva, beata Petamus arva, divites et insulas, Reddit ubi Cererem tellus inarata quotarmis, Et imputata floret usque vinea, Germinat et nunquam fallentis termes olivae, -15 Suamque pulla?ficus omat arborem, Mella cava manant ex ilioe, montibus altis Levis crepante lympha desilit pede. niio injussse veniunt ad mulctra capellas, Refertque tenta grex amicus ubera : 50 Nee vespertiaus ciroumgemit ursus ovile ; Neo intumesoit alma viperis humus, f "Nulla nocent pecori contagia, nullius astri I Gregem sestuosa torret impotentia. Pluraque felices mirabimur ; ut neque largis >i5 Aquosus Eurus arva radat imbribus, Pinguia nee siccis urantur semina glebis ; Utrumque rege temperante CcBUtmn. ' '■ — Non hue Argoo contendit remige pinus, Neque impudica Colchis intulit pedem ; 6fl Non hue Sidonii torserunt comua nauteE, Laboriosa neo cohors Ulixei. Jupiter ilia piae seorevit litora genti, Ut inquinavit eere tempus aureum : ^rea dehino ferro duravit ssecula ; quorum 65 Piis gecuuda vate me datur fdga. IIS a. HOEATII FLACCI 17 CiLEMEN XVII. IN CANIDIAM. HoRATros. Jam jam efficaci do manus scientias Supplex, et oro regna per ProserpiniB, Per et Dianae non movenda numina, Per atque libros carminum Yalentium Defbca coelo devocare sidera, 5 Canidia, parce vocibus tandem sacris, Citumque retro solve, solve turbinem. Movit nepotem Telephus Nereium, In quem superbus ordinarat agmina Mysorum, et in quem tela acuta torserat. It) Unxere matres Ilies addictum feris Alitibus atque canibus homicidam Hectorem. Postquam relictis moenibus rex procidit Heu ! pervicaois ad pedes Achillei. Setosa duris exuere pellibus la Laboriosi remiges Ulixei, Volente Circa, membra ; tunc mens et sonus E-elapsus, atque notus in vultus honor. Dedi satis superque poenarum tibi. Fugit juventas, et verecundus color 20 Reliquit ossa pelle amicta lurida ; Tuis capiUus albus est odoribus, Nullum a labore me reolinat otium. Urget diem nox, et dies noctem, neque est Levare tenta spiritu prsecordia. 2.5 Ergo negatum vincor ut credam miser, Sabella pectus increpare carmina, Caputque Marsa dissilire naenia. Quid amplius vis ? O mare ' O terra I aidto Quantum neque atro delibutus Hercules 30 ^'^•l EPOIlON LIBER. 1 IS) Nessi oru'ore, iiec Sicana fervida Furens in ^tna flamina. Tu, donee oiiii* injunosis aridus ventis ferar, Cales venenis offioina Colohicis. Quae finis ? aut quod me manet stipendiLiiw ! 35 Effare : jussas cum fide pcEnas luam, Paratus, expiare seu poposceris Centum juvencis, sive mendaci lyra Voles sonare Tu pudica, tu proba ; Perambulabis astra sidus aureum. 40 Infamis Helenae Castor oflensus vicem, Fraterque magni Castoris, vioti prece, Ademta vati reddidere lumina. Et tu, potes nam, solve me dementia, O nee paternis obsoleta sordibus, 40 Nee in sepulcris pauperum prudens anus Novendiales dissipare pulveres. Canidia. Quid obseratis auribus fundis pieces ? Non saxa nudis surdiora navitis Neptunus alto tundit hibeinus salo. 50 Quid proderat ditasse Pelignas anus Velociusve miscuisse toxieum ? Sed tardiora fata te votis manent : Tngrata misero vita ducenda est, in hoc, Novis ut usque suppetas laboribus. 5^ Optat quietem Pelopis infidi pater, Egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis ; Optat Prometheus obhgatus aliti ; Optat supremo collocare Sisyphus In monte saxum ; sed vetant leges Jovis. 60 Voles modo altis desilire turribus, Modo ense pectus Norico recludere ; Frustraque vincla gutturi nectes tuo, 120 (i. HORATII FLACCI EPODON LIBEE. [IV. Fastidiosa tristis Eegrimonia. Vectabor humeris tunc ego inimicis etjiir's, 05 Meaeque terra cedet insolentieB. Av, quBB movere cereas imagines, Ut ipse nosti curiosus, et polo Deripere Lunam vocibus possim meis, Possim orematos exoitare mortuos, 70 Plorem artis, in te nil agentis, exitum r Q. HORATII PLACCI CARMEN SJiCULARE PBO INCOLUMITATB IMPERII. Phcebe, silvarumque potens Diana, Lucidum coeli decus, O colendi Semper et culti, date, quse precamur Tempore sacro ; Quo SibyUini monuere versus 6 Virgines lectas puerosque castes Dis, quibus septem plaouere coUee, Dicere carmen. Alme Sol, curru nitido diem qui Promis et ceias, aliusque et idem 10 Nasceris, possis nihil urbe Roma Visere majus. Rite matures aperire partus Lenis, Uithjria, tuere matres ; Sive tu Lucina probas vocari, ] 5 Sen Genitalis. Diva, producas subolem, Patrumque Prosperes decreta super jugandia Feminis, prolisque novae feraci Lege marita : *0 F 122 a. HORATII FLACCI Certus undenos deoies per annos Ortis ut cantus referatque Itidos, Ter die claro, totiesque grata Nocte frequentes Vosque veraces cecinisse, Parcse, 25 Quod semel dictum est, stabilisque rerum Terminus servat, bona jam peractis Jungite fata. Feitilis frugum pecorisque Tellus Spicea donet Cererem corona ;. 30 Nutriant fetus et aquae, salubres Et Jovis aursB. Condito mitis placidusque telo Supplices audi pueros, Apollo ; Siderum regina bicornis, audi, 3.1 Luna, puellas : Roma si vestrum est opus, Iliaeque Litus Etmscum tenuere tuimaE, Jussa pars mutare Lares et urbem Sospite cursu, 40 Cui per ardentem sine fraude Trojam Castus ^neas patrise superstes Liberum munivit iter, daturus Plura relictis : Di, probos mores docili juventas, <15 Di, senectuti placidse quietem, Roraulae genti date remque proleraque Et decus omne. CARMEN S.«CUIiAEE. 123 Quique vos bobus veneratur albis, Clarus AnchissB Venerisque sanguis, 50 Imperet, bellatite prior, jacentem Lenis in hostem. Jam mari terraque manus poteutes Medus Albanasque timet secures ; Jam Scythse responsa petunt, superbi 6a Nuper, et Indi. Jam Fides, et Pax, et Honor, Pudorque Priscus, et neglecta redire Virtus Audet ; apparetque beata pleno Copia cornu. 60 Augur, et iulgente iecorus arou Phcebus, acooptusque novem Camenis, Qui salutari levs^t arte fessos Corporis artua ; Si Palatinas videt ajquus arces, 65 Remque Romanam Latiumque, felix, Alterum in lustrum, meliusque semper Proroget ievum. QuEBque Aventinum tenet Algidumque, Quindecim Diana preces virorurn 70 Curet, et votis puerorum amicas Applicet aures. Haec Jovem sentire, deosqiie cunctos, Spem bonam certamque domum reportci, Doctus et Phtfibi chorus et Dianse 75 Dicere laudes. Q. HORATIT FLACCJ SERMONES. Q. HORATII FLACCI SERMONUM LIBEK PEIMUS. Satika I. IN AVABOS. Qti fit, Msecenas, ut nemo, quam sibi sortem Seu ratio dederit, seu fors objecerit, ilia Contentus vivat, laudet diversa sequentes ? O fortunati mercatores I gravis annis Miles ait, multo jam ftaotus membra labore. 6 Contra meroator, navim jactantibus austris, Militia est potior I Quid enim ? conourritur : hora; Momento aut cita mors venit aut victoria lasta. Agricolam laudjit juris legumque peritus. Sub galli oantum consultor ubi ostia pulsat. 10 Ille, datis vadibus qui rure extractus in urbem est. Solos feUces viventes clamat in urbe. Cetera de genere hoc, adeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium. Ne te morer, audi Quo rem deducam. Si quis Deus, En ego, dicat, 15 Jamt fada/m quod vuUis : eris tu, qui mqdo miles, Mercator : tu, consultus modo^rusticus : hincvos, Vos hinc mutatis discedite partibus. Eia .' Quid siatis? — nolint. -Atqui licet esse beatis. Quid causBB est, merito quin illis Jupiter ambas 20 Iratus bucoas inflet, neque se fore postbac Tam facilem dicat, votis ut praebeat aurem ? 12S a. HORATII FLACCI [I. Prffiterea, no sic, ut qui joeulari'a, ridens Perourram : quamquam ridentem dicere verum Quid vetat ? ut pueris olim dant orustula blandi 2-'* Doctores, elementa velint ut discere prima : Sed tamen amoto quajramus seria ludo. llle gravem duro terrain qui vertit aratro, Parfidus hie cautor, miles, nautseque, por osxne . Audaces mare qui currunt, hao mente laborem 30 Sese ferre, senes ut in otia tuta recedant, Aiunt, quum sibi sint congesta cibaria ; sicut • Parvula (nam exemplo est) magni formica laboria Ore trahit quodcunque potest, atque addit acervo, Quem struit, baud ignara ac non inoauta futuri. 34> QuEB, simul inversuin contristat Aquarius annum, Non usquam prorepit, et illis utitur ante Quffisitis sapiens : quum te neque fervidus sestus Demoveat lucre, neque hiems, ignis, mare, ferrurn ; Nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter. 40 Quid jiivat immensum te argenti pondus et auri Furtim defossa timidum deponere terra ? — Quod, si com/minuas, mlem redigatur ad assem. — At, ni id fit, quid habet pulchri oonstructus acervus ? Millia frumenti tua triverit area centum ; 45 Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus : ut, si Reticulum panis venalefe inter onusto Forte vehas humero, nihilo plus accipias, quam Qui nil portarit. Vel die, qxdd referat intra Naturae fines viventi, jugera centuni an 50 Mille aret ? — At suave est ex magna tollere acervo. — Dmn ex parvo nobis tantunfem haurire relinquas, Cur tua plus laudes cumeris granaria nostris ? Ut tibi si sit opus liquid! non amplius uma Vel cyatho, et dicas : Magna de f/umine malim, 65 Quam: ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere. Eo fit, Plenior ut si quos delectet copia justo, l.J SERMONUM. LIBER I. 129 Cum ripa simul avulsos ferat Aufidus acer : At qui tantuli eget, quanto est opus, is neque limo -' Turbatam haurit aquam, neque vitam amittit in undis, 60 •' At bona pars hominum, decepta cupidine false, Nil satis est, inquit ; quia tanti, quantum habeas, sis. » Quid facias illi ? Jubeas miseruni esse, libenter Quatenus id facit. Ut quidam mem^ratur Athenis Sordldus ac dives populi contemnere voces 65 Sic solitus : Populus me sibilat, at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ae nummos contemplor in area. — ■ Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia captat Flumina : Quid rides ? mutato nomine de te Fabula narratur : congestis undique saccis 70 Indormis inhians, et tanquam parcere sacris Cogeris, aut pictis tanquam gaudere tabellis. Nescis quo valeat nummus ? quem prsebeat usura ? Panis ematur, olus, vini sextarius : adde, j Queis humana sibi doleat natura negatis.- 75 An vigUare metu exanimem, noctesque diesque Formidare males fures, incendja, servos, Ne te compilent fugientes, hoc juvat ? Horum g Semper ego optarim pauperrimus esse bonorum. — At si cxmdoluit tentatum frigore corpus, ' 80 Aut alius casus lecto te affixit, habes qui j Assideat, fomervta paret, medicum roget, ut te Susdtet, ac natis reddat carisque propinquis. — <,Non uxor salvum te vult, non filius : omnes Vicini oderunt, noti, pueri atque puellse. 85 Miraris, quum tu argento post omnia ponas. Si nemo praestet, quem non merearis, amorem ? An sic cognatos, nullo natura labore Quos tibi dat, retinere velis, serv^reque amicos ? Infelix operam perdas, ut si quis'asellum 90 In campo doceat parentem currere frenis 1 Denique sit finis qussreadi ; quoque habeas plus, F 2 130 G. HORATII FLACCI [1> 2, Paupexiem inetuas minus, et finire laborem Incipias, parto quod avebas. Ne facias, quod Ummidius, qui, tam (non longa est fabula) dives, 95 TJt metiretur nummos ; ita sordidus, ut se Non unquam servo melius vestiret ; ad usque Supremum tempus, ne se penuria victus / Opprimeret, metuebat. At hunc liberta securi Divisit medium, fortissima Tyndaridarum. 100 Quid mi igitur suades ? ut vivam Manius aut sic Tit Nomentanus ? Pergis pugnantia secum Prontibus adversis componere ? Non ego, avarum Quum veto te fieri, vappam jubeo ac nebulonem.. Est inter Tanain quiddam socerumque Viselli : 106 Est modus in rebus, sunt oerti denique fines, Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum. lUuo, unde abii, redeo. Nemon ut avarus Se probet, ao potius laudet diversa sequentes ; Quodque aliena capeUa gerat distentius uber, 110 Tabesoat ? neque se majori pauperiorum Turbae comparet ? huno atque hunc superare laboret ? Sic festinanti semper locupletior obstat : Ut, quum carceribus missos rapit ungula currus, Instat equis auriga suos vincentibus, ilium 115 Eraeteritum temnens extremes inter euntem. Inde fit, ut raro, qui se vixisse beatum Dioat, et exacto contentus tempore, vita Cedat, uti conviva satur, reperire queamus. Jam satis est. Ne me Crispini scrinia lippi 120_ Compilasse putes, verbum non amplius addara. Satira II. IN MCECHOS. Ambubaiariim collegia, pharmacopolse, Mendici, mimae, balatrones, hoe genus ornne McEstum ao solljcitura est cantoris morte Tigelh : 2, 3.] SERMONUM. LIBER I. 13] Quippe benignus erat. Contra hie, ne prodigus esse Dioatur metuens, inopi dare nolit amioo, fl Frigus quo duramque famem propeUere possit. Huno si peroonteris, avi cur atque parentis Prseolaram ingrata stringat malus ingluvie rem, ' Omnia conductis coemens opsonia nummis : Sordidus atque animi parvi quod nolit haberi, 10 Bespondet. Laudatur ab his, culpatur ab illis. Fufidius vappae famam timet ao nebulonis, Dives agris, dives positis in fenore nummis : Quiuas hie capiti mercedes exsecat, atque Quanto jperditior quisque est, tanto acrius urget ; 15 Nomina sectatur, modo sumta veste virili. Sub patribus duris, tironum. Maxirae, quia non, Jupiter, exelamat, simul atque audivit ? — Ac in se Pro qucBStu sumtum facit hie. — ^Vix credere possis, Quam sibi non sit amicus : ita ut pater ille, Terenti 20 Fabula quern miserum nato vixisse fugato Inducit, non se pejus cruciaverit atque hie. Si quis nunc quaerat, Quo res hjBC pertinet ? lUuo : Dum vitant stulti vitia; in contraria ciirrunt. Satira III. IN OBTUECTATORES ET SUPERCILIUM STOICUM. Omnibus hop vitium est cantoribus, inter amicos Ut nunquam induoant animnm cantare rogati, Injussi nunquam desistant. Sardus habebat Til p. TigeUius- hoc. Csesar, qui cogere posset, Si peteret per amicitiam patris atque suam, non Quidquam proficeret ; si colHbuisset, ab ovo Usque ad mala citaret lo Bacehe ! modo summa Voce, modo hac, resonat quae ohordis quatuor ima. 132 a. HOKATII PLACCI [3. Nil fequale homini fuit illi. Ssepe velut qui Currebat fugiens ho'stem, persaepe ^elixt qui 10 Junonis sacra ferret : habebat SEBpe ducentos, Ssepe decern servos : modo reges atque tetrarchas, Omnia magna, loquens : modo, Sit mihi mensa tripes et Concha salts puri et toga, qua defender e frigus, Quamvis crassa, qtiiat. Decies centena dedisses 15 Huic parco, paucis contento, quinque diebus Nil erat in loculis. Noctes vigUabat ad ipsutn Mane ; diem totum stertebat. Nil fuit unquam Sic impar sibi. Nunc aliquis dicat mihi : Quid tu ? Nidlane hahes vitia ? Imo alia, et fortasse minora. 20 Msenius absentem Novium quum carperet, Heus tu, Quidam ait, ignoras te ? an ut ignotum dare nobis Verba puias ? Egomet mi ignosco, Maenius inquit Stultus et improbus hie amor est dignusque notari. Quum tua pervideas oculis male lippus inunctis, 26 Cur in amicorum vitiis tam cernis acutum, Quam aut aquila aut serpens Epidaurius ? At tibi contra Evenit, inquirant vitia ut tua rursus et illi. Iracundior est paulo ; minus aptus acutis Naribus horum hominum ; rideri possit, eo quod 30 Busticius tonso toga defluit, et male laxus In pede calceus haeret : at est bonus, Ut melior vir Non alius quisquam i at tibi amicus ; at ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore : denique te ipsum Concute, num qua tibi vitiorum inseverit olim 3f Natura aut etiam consuetudo mala : namque Neglectis urenda filix innascitur agris. Illuc prEEvertamur : amatorem quod amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia, aut etiam ipsa haeo Delectant, veluti Balbinum polypus Hagnae. 4C Vellem in amicitia sic erraremus, et isti Enoxi nomen virtus posuisset honestum, 3.] SEBMONCM. — LIBER I. 133 At pater ut gnati, sic nos debemus amioi, Si quod sit vitium, non fastidire : strabonem Appellat Psetum pater ; at Pullum, male parvus 4 5 Si oui filius est, ut abortivus fuit olim Sisyphus : tunc Varum, distortis cruribus ; ilium Balbutit Scaurum, pravis fultum male talis. Parcius hie vivit ? frugi dicatur. Ineptus Et jactantior hie paulo est ? concinnus amicis 50 Postulat ut videatur. At est truculentior'atque Plus aequo liber ? simplex fortisque habeatur. Caldior est ? acres inter numeretur. Opinor, Haeo res et jungit, junctos et servat amicos. At nos virtu tes ipsas invertimus atque 55 Sincerum cupfmus vas incrustare. Probus quis Nobiscum yivit ? multum est demissus homo ? Illi Tardo cognomen pingtii et damus. Hio fugit omnes Insidias, nullique malo latus obdit apertum ? (Quum genus hoc inter vitEB versemur, ubi acris 60 Invidia atque vigent ubi crimina :) pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque "vocamus. Simplicior quis, et est, qualem me ssepe Lbenter Obtulerim tibi, Maacenas, ut forte legentem Aut taciturn impellat quovis sermone molestus ? 64 Communi sensu plane caret, inquimus. Eheu, Quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam ! Nam vitiis nemo sine nascitur : optimus ille est. Qui minimis urgetur. Amicus dulcis, ut sequum est, Quum mea compeijset vitiis bona, pluribus hisce, 70 Si modo plura mihi bona sunt, inclinet. Amari Si volet hac lege, in trutina ponetur eadem. Qui, ne tuberibus propriis ofTendat amicum, Postulat, ignoscet verrucis illius ; Eequum est, Peccatis veniam poscentem reddere rursus. 7fi Denique, quatenus excidi penitus vitium irae. Cetera item nequeunt stultis hsBrentia ; cur non 134 a. HOKATII FLACCI L^- Ponderibus modulisque suis ratio utitur ? ao res Ut qu»que est, ita suppliciis delipta coercet ? Si quis eum servum, patinam qui toUere jussus 50 Semesos pisces tepidumque ligurierit jus, In cruce sufEgat,. Labeone insanior inter Sanos dicatur. Quanto hoc fnriosius atque Majus peccatura est ? Paulum deliquit amicus ; Quod nisi concedas, habeare insuavis ; acerbus 83 Odisti, et fugis, ut Busonera debitor seris. Qui nisi, quum tristes misero venere Kalendse, Mercedem aut nummos unde unde extricat, amaras Porrecto jugulo historias, oaptivus ut, audit. Conmiinjdt lectum potus, mensave catillum 90 Euandri manibus tritum dejeoit : ob banc rem, Aut positum ante mea quia puUum in parte catini Sustulit esuriens, minus hoc jucundus amicus Sit mihi ? Quid faeiam, si furtum feeerit ? aut si Prodiderit commipsa fide ? sponsumve negarit ? 95 Queis paria esse fere placuit peccata, laborant, Quum ventum ad verum est ; sensus moresque repugnant, Atque ipsa utilitas, justi prope mater et ajqui. Quum prorepserunt primis animaha terris, Mutum et turpe pecus, glandem atque cubilia propter 100 Unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro Pugnabant armis, qus post fabricaverat usug ; , Donee verba, quibus voces sensusque notarent, Nominaque invenere : dehinc absistere bello Oppida cceperunt munire, et ponere leges, 105 No quis fur esset, neu latro, ne quis adulter. Nam fuit ante Helenam mulier teterrima belli Causa : sed ignotis'perierunt mortibus illi, Quos, Venerem incertam rapiente^, more ferarum, Viribus editior csedebat, ut in grege taurus. 110 Jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est, Tempora si fastosque veils evolvere mundi. 3) 4 J HEKMONUM. LIBER I, 135 Neo nalura potest justo Beoernere iniquum, Dividit Tit bona diversis, fugienda petendis ; Nee vinoet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque; 115 Qui teneros caules alieni fregerit hoijti, Et qui nocturnus sacra Divum legerit. Adsit E.egula, peocatis quas pgenas irroget aequas, Neo soutica dignum horribili sectere flagello. Ne ferula OEedas meritum majora subire 120 Verbera, non vereor, quum dicas esse pares res Furta latrociniis, et magnis parva mineris Faloe recisurum simili te, si tibi regnum Permittant homines. Si dives, qui sapiens est, Et sutor bonus, et solus formosus, et est rex ; 125 Cur optas quod habes ? — Nbn nosti, quid pater, inquit, Chrydppus dicat : Sapiens crepidas sibi nimquam Nee soleas fecit ; sutor tamen est sapiens.-^Qui?— Ut, gtcamvis tacet Hermogenes, cantor tamen atque Optimus est modulator ; ut Alfenius vafer, omni 1 30 Abjecto instrumento artis dausaque taberna, Tonsor erat :. sapiens operis'sic "optimus omnis Est opifex solus, sic rex. — ^Vellunt tibi barbam Lascivi pueri ; quos tu nisi fuste coerces, Urgeris turba circum te stante, miserque 1 35 Rumperis, et latras, magnorum maxime regum. Ne longum faciam, dum tu quadrante lavatum E-ex ibis, neque te quisquam stipator, ineptum Prseter Crispinum, seotabitur, et mihi dulccs Ignoscent, si quid peccaro stultus, amici ; 140 Inque vicem iUprum patiar dehota libenter, Privatueque magis rivam to rege beatus. Satiha IV. IN OBTRECTATOBES SUOS. Eupolis atque Cratinus Aristophanesque poetse, Atque alii, quorum Comosdia prisca virorum est, 136 a. HORATII PLACOl [4 Si quis erat dignus describi, quod malus, aut fur, Quod mcEchus foret, aut sicarius, aut alioqui > Famosus, multa cum libertate notabant. «< Hinc omnis pendet Lucilius, hosoe seoutus, Mutatis tantum pedibus numerisque ; facetus, Emunctas naris, durus componere versus. Nam fuit hoc vitiosus, in hora saspe ducentos, Ut magnum, versus dietabat stans pede in uno. 10 Quum flueret lutulentus, erat quod tollere velles : Garrulus, atque piger scribendi ferre laborem, Scribendi reote : nam ut multum, nil moror. Ecce ! Crispinus minimo me provocat : — Acdpe, si vis, Acdpiam tabulas ; detur rvohis locus, hora. Id Custodes ; videamus, utenr plus scribere possit. — Di bene fecerunt, inopis me quodque pusilli Finxerunt animi, raro et perpauca loquentis. At tu conclusas hircinisfoUibus auras. Usque laborantes, dum ferrum emoUiat ignis, 20 Ut mavis, imitare. Beatus Fanuius, ultro Delatis capsis et imagine ! quum mea nemo Scripta legat, vulgo recitare timentis, ob banc rem. Quod sunt quos genus hoc mirume juvat, utpote pluree Culpari dignos. Quemvis media elige turba ; 2i Aut ab avaritia aut misera ambitione laborat. Hunc capit argenti splendor ; stupet Albius aero ; Hie mutat merces surgente a sole ad eum, quo Vespertina tepet regio ; quin per mala prsBceps Fertur, uti pulvis collectus turbine, ne quid 30 Summa deperdat metuens, aut amphet ut rem. Omnes hi metuunt versus, odere poetas. — Fethurn hahet in cornu ; longefuge: dummodo risivm Excutiat sibi, non hie cndquam parcel amico ; Et, quodcunque seniel chartis illeverit, omnes 3S Gestiet a fumo redeuntes scire laciique 4.] SERMONUM. LIBER I, 137 Et pueros et anus. — -Agedum, pauca accipe contra, Primum ego me illorum, dederim quibus esse poetis, Excerpam numero : neqiae eniin conoludero versum Dixeris esse satis ; neque, si qui scribat, uti nos, 40 Sermoni propiora, putes huno esse poetam. Ingenium cui sit, cui mens divinior, atque os Magna sonaturum, des nominis hujus honorem. Idcirco quidam, Comoedia necne poema Esset, quaesivere ; quod acer spiritus ac vis 45 Nee verbis nee rebus inest, nisi quod pede eeito DifFert sermoni, sermo merus. — At pater ardens Scevit, quod meretrice nepos insanus arnica Filius uxor em grandi cu/m dote reeuset, Ehrius et, magnum quod dedecus, ambulet ante 50 Noctem cum fadbus. — ^Numquid Pomponius istis Audiret leviora, pater si viveret ? Ergo Non satis est puris versum perscribere verbis. Quern si dissolvas, quivis stomaohetur eodem Quo personatus pacto pater. His, ego quae nunc, 55 Olim quae scripsit Luoilius, eripias si Tempera certa modosque, et, quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias, prseponens ultima primis, Non, ut si solvas "Postquam discordia tetra Belli ferrates pastes portasque refregit," CO Invenias etiam disjecti membra poetse. Hactenus hsec : alias, justum sit necne poema ; Nunc illud tantum quseram, meritone tibi sit Suspectum genus hoc soribendi. Sulcius acer Ambulat et Caprius, rauoi male cumque libellis, Gft Magnus uterque timor latronibus ; at bene si quia Et vivat puris manibus, contemnat utrumque. Ut sis tu similis Caeli Birrique latronum, Non ego sum Capri neque Sulci : cur metuas me ? Nulla taberna meos habeat neque pila libellos, ?0 Queis manus insudet vulgi Hermogenisque Tigelii ; 138 a. HOKATII FLACCI | 4. Neo reeito oiiiquam, nisi amicis, idque coactus, Non ubivis, coramve quibuslibet. — In medio qui Soriptaforo recitent, sunt niidti, guique lavantes ; Szcave locus voci resonat condusvs. — Inaries 75 Hoc juvat, haud. illud quserentes, num sine sensu, Tempore num faciant alieno. — Lesdere gaudes, Inquit, et hoc studio pravus fads. — ^Unde petitum Hoc in me jacis ? est auctor quis denique eorum, Vixi cum quibus ? Absentem qui rodit amicum, 80 Qui non defendit alio culpante, solutes Qui captat risus homiuum famamque dicacis, Fingere qui non visa potest, commissa tacere Qui nequit ; hie niger est, hunc tu, Bomane, caveto. Ssepe tribus leetis videas cosnare quaternos, S5 E quibus imus amet quavis adspergere cunctos, Prseter eum, qui prsebet aquam : post, hunc quoque potua, Condita quum verax aperit piEecordia Liber. Hie tibi comis et urbanus liberque videtur Infesto nigris : ego, si risi, quod ineptus 90 Pastilles KufiUus olet, Gargonius hircum, Lividus et mordax videor tibi ? Mentio si qua De Capitolini fiirtis injecta PetUli Te coram fuerit, defendas, ut tuus est mos : — M.e Capitolinus convictore usus amicoque 'JS A puero est, causaque mea permidta rogatus Fecit, et incoVwmis Icetor quod vivit in urbe ; Sed tamen admiror, qico pacta judioMm illud Fugerit. — Hie nigrse succus loliginis, hseo est iEiugomera; quod vitium procul. afore chartis, 100 Atque animo prius, ut^ quid pronrittere de me Possum aliudS'ere,'promitto. Liberius si Dixero quid, si forte jocosius, hoc mihi juris Cum venia dabis : insuevit pater optimus hoc me Ut fugerem, exemplis vitiorum quseque notando. 106 Quum me hortaretur, parce, frugaliter, atque 4.] SEUMONUM. l.IBER I. 13S1 Viverem uti oontentus eo, quod mi ipse parasset : Nonne vides, Alii ut male vivat JUius ? utqtte Barrus inops? magnum docrnnentum, nepatriam rem Perdere quis vdit. A turpi meretricis amore 1 10 Quum deterreret : Scetani disdmilis sis^ Aiebat. Sapiens, vitatu quidque petitu Sit melius, causas reddet tibi ; mi satis est, si Traditwm ah antiquis movem servare, tUMmque, Thvm custodis eges, vitam famamque tueri 1 15 Incolumem possum ; simul ac duraverit atas Membra animumque tuum, nobis sine cortice. Sic me Formabat puerum dictis, et sive jubebat TJt facerem quid, Habes auctorem, quo facias hoc; Umun ex judicibus selectis objiciebat : 1 ' 9.J SERMONUM. ^LIBER I. 14S Jam peritura modis. Hecateii vocat altera, saevam Altera Tisiplionen : serpentes atque videres Infernas errare canes, lunaraque rubentem, Ne foret his testis, post magna latere sepulcra. 86 Singula quid memorem ? quo pacto alterna loquentes Umbrje cum Sagana resonarent triste et acutum ? Utque lupi barbam varise cum dente colubrae Abdiderint furtim terris, et imagine cerea Largior arserit ignis, et ut non testis inultus 40 Horruerim voces Furiarum et facta duarum ? — Satira IX. IN IMPUDENTES ET INEPTOS PARASITAS- TROS. Ibam forte Via Sacra, sicut meus est mos, Nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis : Aocurrit quidam notus mihi nomine tantum, Arreptaque manu. Quid agis, didcissime reru/m 1 Sitaviter, ut nunc est, inquam, et cupio omnia qua vis. 6 Quum assectaretur, Ntim quid vis ? occupo : at ille, Noris nos, inquit; doctiimmus. Hie ego, Pluris Hoc, inquam, mihi eris. Misere discedere quEerens, Ire modo ocius, interdum consistere, in aurem Dicere nescio quid puero ; quum sudor ad imos 10 Manaret tales. O te, Bolane, cerebri Felicem ! aiebam tacitus ; quum quidlibet «Ue Garriret, vicos, urbem laudaret. Ut illi Nil respondebam, Misere cupis, inquit, abire, Ja/mdudwin video, sed nil agis, usque tenebo. 15 Persequar. Hinc quo nunc iter est tibi ? — Nil opui est te Circumagi ; quendam volo visere non tibi notum ; Trans Tiberim longe cubat is, prope Cessaris hortos.— Nil habeo qtcod agam, et non sum piger; usque sequar te. — Demitto auriculas ut iniquse mentis aseUus, 20 150 a. HOEATII FLACCI [P Quum gravius dorso subiit onus. Iricipit ille : Si bene me novi, non Viscmn pluris a/micwm, Non Variu/n fades ; nam quis we scribere p.,wei Aitt citius possit versus ? quis membra movere Mollius ? invideat quod et Hermogenes, ego canto. 25 Interpellandi locus hio erat. — Est tibi mater ? Cognati, quels te salvo est opus ? — Haud mihi quisquam, Omnes comiposui.^Fdices .' Nunc ego resto ; Gonfice, nainque instatfatum mihi triste, Sabella Quod piiero cecinit mMa divina anus urna: 30 " Hunc neque dira venena nee hosticus auferet ensis, iVe« laterum dolor, aut tussis, iiec tarda podagra ; Garrulus hunc quando consumet cunque ; loqiuices, Si sapiut, vitet, simul atque adoleverit estas." Ventum erat ad Vestae, quarta jam parte diei 35 PrsBterita, et casu tunc respondere vadato Debebat ; quod ni fecisset, perdere litem. Si me awias, inquit, pauhtm hie ades. — Inteream, si Aut valeo stare, aut novi civiliajura ; Et propero quo scis. — DuMus sum quidfadam, inquit ; 40 Tene rdinqua/m an rem. — Me, sodes. — Nmfadam, ille, Et praecedere ocepit. Ego, ut coittendere durum est Cum victore, seqiior. — Macenas quomodo tecum ? Hie repetit. — Paticorum hmninum et mentis bene same ; Neino deocterius fortuna est usus. Haberes 43 Magnum adjutorem, posset qui f err e secundas, Hunc hominem%elles si tradere ; dispeream, ni Summosses omnes.- — Non isto vivitur illic, Quo tu rere, modo ; domus hoc nee purior ulla est. Nee magis his aliena malis ; nil mi offidt inquam, 50 Ditior hie aut est quia doctior ; est locus uni- Cuique suus. — Magnum narras, vix credibile. — Atqui Sic habet. — Accendis, quare cupiam magis illi Proximus esse. — Velis tanttmunodo ; qucs tua virtus, Expugnabis ; et est qui vind possit, eoque 5S 9, lO.J SEKMONIJM.^LIBER I. 151 THffidles aditus primos itahet. — Hand mihi deero ; Muneribus servos corrumpam ; turn, hodie si Exclusus fuero, desistant ; tempora qiueram, Occurram in triviis, dedttcam. Nil sine magna Vita laborc dedit mortalibus.-^'H.sdc dum agit, ecoe, 60 Fuscus Aristius ocourrit, mihi carus et ilium Qui pulokre nosset. Consistimus. Unde venis ? et. Quo tendis ? rogat et respondet. Vellere coepi, Et prensare manu lentissima brachia, nutans, Distorquens oculos, ut me eriperet. Male salsus 6 , Quid concinna Samos ? quid Crcesi regia Sardis ? Smyrna quid, et Colophon ? majors minorave faraa ' 11,12.] EPISTOLARUM. LIBER I. 209 Cunotane pr» Campo et Tiljerino flumine sordent ? An venit in votum Attalicis ex urbibus una ? 5 An Lebedum laudas odio maris atque viarum ? Scis, Lebedus quid sit ; Gabiis desertior atque Fidenis vicus : tamen illio vivere vellem, Oblitusque meorum, obliTOcendus et illis, Neptunum procul e terra spectare flirentem. 1 Sed neque, qui Capua Romam petit, imbre lutoqiie Adspersus, volet in caupona vivere ; neo, qui Frigus collegit, fumos et balnea laudat, Ut fortunatam plena preestantia vitam. Nee, si te validus jactaverit Auster in alto, 13 Tdcirco navem trans JEgssuia mare vendas. Incolumi Rhcdos et Mytilene pulchra facit, qucd Psenula solstitio, campestre nivalibus auris. Per brumam Tiberis, Sextili mense caminus. Dum licet, ao vultum servat Fortuna benignum, 20 Homse laudetur Samoa et Chios et Rhodos absens. Tu, quamounque Deus tibi fortunaverit horam. Grata surae manu, neu dulcia dijSer in annum ; Ut, quocunque loco fueris, vixisse libenter Te dicas. Nam si ratio et prudentia curas, 25 Non locus, efiusi late maris arbiter, anfert : Coelum, non aiiimum mutant, qui trans mare cunant. Strenua nos excercet inertia ; navitus atque Quadrigis petimus bene vivere. Quod petis, hie ost, Est Ulubris, animus si te non deficit sequus. 30 Epistola XII. A D I C CI U M. Fraotibus Agrippse Siculis, quos colligis, Icci, Si reete frueris, non est ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi. Tolle querelas ; Pauper enim non est, cui rerum suppetit usub. yiO Q. IIOEATII FLACCI [12, 13. Si ventri bene, si lateri est pedibusque tuis, nil 5 Divitiae poterunt regales addere majus. Si forte in medio positorum abstemius herbis Vivis et urtica, sic vives protinus, ut te Confestim liquidus Fortunse rivus inauret ; Vel quia naturam mutare pecunia nescit, 10 Vel quia cuncta putas una virtute minora. Miramur, si Demooriti peous edit agellos Cultaque, dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox ; Quum tu inter scabiem tantam et contagia luori Nil parvura sapias, et adhuc sublimia cures ; 16 QuBB mare compescant causae, quid temperet annum, Stellas sponte sua, jussaene vagentur et errant, Quid premat obscurum Lunae, quid proferat orbem, Quid velit et possit rerum coucordia discors, Empedocles, an Stertinium deliret acumen. 2U Verura, seu pisoes, sen porrum et caepe trucidas, Utere Pompeio Grospho, et, si quid petet, ultro Defer : nil Grpsphus nisi verum orabit et sequum. Vilis amicorum est annona, bonis ubi quid deest. Ne tamen ignores, quo sit Romana loco res : 25 Cantaber Agrippse, Claudi virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit ; jus imperiimique Phrahates Caesaris accepit genibus minor ; aurea iruges Italiae pleno defundit Co^ia comu. Epistola XIII. AD VINIUM ASELLAM. Ut proficiscentem docui te saspe diuque, Augusto reddes signata volumina,Vini, Si validus, si laetus erit, si denique poscet ; Ne studio nostri pecces, odiumque libellis Sedulus importes, opera vehemente minister. 8i te forte mesa gravis uret sarcina chartas, 13, 14.] EPISTOLAKUM. LIUKR t ^li Abjicito potius, quam quo perferre juberis Clitellas ferus impingas, Asinseque paternuin Cognomen vertas in risum, et fabula fias. Viribus uteris per clivos, flumina, lamas : 10 Victor propositi simul ac perveneris Uluc, Sic positum servabis onus, ne forte sub ala Fasciculum portes librorum, ut rusticus agnum, Ut vinosa glomus furtivse Pyrrhia lanse, Ut cum pileolo soleas conviva tribulis. ! § Neu vulgo narres te sudavisse ferendo Carmina, quje possint oculos auresque morari Csesaris ; oratus multa prece, nitere porro. Vade, vale, cave ne titubes, mandataque &a,agaa. Epistola XIV. AD VILLICUM SUUM. Villice silvarum et mihi me reddentis agelli, Quem tu fastidis, habitatum quinque focis, et Quinque bonos solitum Variam dimittere patres ; Certemus, spinas animone ego fortius an tu Evellas agro, et melior sit Horatius an res. 5 Me quamvis Lamias pietas et cura moratur, Fratrem moBrentis, rapto de fratre dolentis Insolabiliter, tamen istuc mens animusque Fert, et amat spatiis obstantia rumpere claustra. Rure ego viventem, tu dicis in urbe beatum : 10 Cui placet alterius, sua nimirum est odio sors. Stultus uterque locum immeritum causatur inique ; In culpa est animus, qui se non effugit unquam. Tu mediastinus tacita prece rura petebas, Nunc urbem et ludos et balnea villicus optas. It Me constare mihi scis, et discedere tristem, Quandocunque trahunt invisa negotia Romam. Non 3adem miramur ; eo disoonvenit inter 212 a. HORATII FLACCI [14,15. Meque et te ; nam, quEe deserta et inhospita tesqua Credis, amcena vooat mecum qui sentit, et odit 20 QuEe tu pulohra putas.^ Nunc, age, quid nostrum concentum dividat, audi. Quem tenues deouere togae nitidique capilli. Quern bibulum liquid! media de luce Falemi, Ccena brevis juvat, et prope rivum somnus in herba ; 23 Neo lusisso pudet, sed non incidere ludum. IN on istic obliquo oculo mea commoda quisquam Limat ; non odio obscure morsuque venenat : Bident vicini glebas et saxa moventem. Cum servis urbana diaria rodere mavis ? 3(1 Horum tu in numerum voto ruis. Invidet usum Lignorum et pecoris tibi calo argutus, et borti. Optat ephippia bos, pigL'r optat arare caballus. Quam scit uterque, liboiis, oensebo, exerceat artem. ( Epistola XV. AD NUMONIUM VALAM. Quae sit hiems Veliae, quod ooelum, Vala, Salemi, Quorum hominura regio, et qualis via (nam mihi Eaias Musa supervacuas Antonius, et tamen illis Me facit invisum, gelida quum perluor unda Per medium frigus. Sane myrteta relinqui, 5 Dictaque cessantem nervis elidere morbum Sulfura contemni vicus gemit, invidus aegris, Qai caput et stomaohum supponere fontibus audent Clusittis, Gabiosque petunt et frigida rura Mutandus locus est, et deversoria nota 10 Praeteragendus equus. Quo tendis ? fUf,i mihi Gumas Mst iter aut Baias, Iseva.stomachosus habena Dicet eques ; sed equi frenato est auris in ore) ; "Major utrum populum Irumenti copia pascat ; CoUectossne bibant imbres, puteosne peronnes 1£ 15, 16.] EPISTOLAKUM. LIBER I. 213 Jugis aquB (nam vina nihil moror illius eras. E,ure meo possum quidvis perferre patique : Ad mare quum veni generosum et lene requiro, Quod curas abigat, quod cum spe divite manet In venas animumque meum, quod verba ministret). 20 Tractus uter plures lepores, uter eduoet apros, Utra magis pisces et eohinos sequora celent, Pinguis ut inde domum possim Phseaxque reverti, Scribere te nobis, tibi nos accredere par est. MsBnius, ut rebus maternis atque paternis 2& Fortiter absumtis urbanus cospit haberi, Scurra vagus, non qui certum praesepe teneret, Impransus non qui civem dignosceret hoste, Quselibet in quemvis opprobria fingere ssevus, Pemicies et tempestas barathrumque macelli, 30 Quidquid qusesierat, ventri donabat avaro. Hie, ubi nequitise fautoribus et timidis nil Aut paulum abstulerat, patinas coenabat omasi, Vilis et agninsB, tribus ursis quod satis asset. Nimirum hie ego sum : nam tuta et parvula laudo, 35 Quum res deficiunt, satis inter vilia fortis ; Verum, ubi quid melius contingit et unctius, idem Yos sapere et solos aio bene vivere, quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis. Epistola XVI. AD QUINCTIUM. Ne perconteris, fundus mens, optime Quincti, Arvo paseat herum, an baccis opulentet olivse, Pomisne, an pratis, an amicta vitibus ulmo, Scribetur tibi forma loquaciter, ct situs agri. Continui montes ni dissocientnr opaca Valle ; sed ut veniens dextrum latus adspiciat Sol, Lsevimi decedens curru fugiente vapbret. 214 a. UOIIATII TLAOCI [16. Temperiem laudes. Quid, si rubicunda benigni Coma vepres et pruna ferant ? si quercus et ilex Multa fruge pecus, multa dominum juvet umbra 1 10 Dicas adductum propius frondei-e Tareiitura. Fons etiam rivo dare nomen idoneus, ut neo Frigidior Thracam nee purior ambiat Hebrus, Infirmo capiti fluit utilis, utilis alvo. HsB latebrae dulces, etiam, si credis, amoenae, 1 6 Inoolumem tibi me praestant Septembribus horis. Tu reote vivis, si curas esse quod audis. Jactamua jampridem omnis te Roma beatum ;• Sed vereor, ne cui de te plus, quam tibi credas. Neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum ; 20 Neu, si te populus sanum recteque valentem Dictitet, ocoultam febrem sub tempus edendi Dissimules, donee manibus tremor incidat unctis. Stultorum incurata pudor malus ulcera celat. Si quis bella tibi terra pugnata marique 25 Dicat, et his verbis vaouas permulceat aures : Tene magis sahmm popidus vdit, an popidum, tu, Servet in ambiguo, qui cousulit et tibi et ttrhi., Jupiter; Augusti laudes agnoscere possis. Quum pateris sapiens emendatusque vocari, 30 Respondesne tuo, die sodes, nomine ? — Nempe Vir bonus et prudens did detector ego ac tu. Qui dedit hoc hodie, eras, si volet, auferet ; ut si Detulerit fasces indigno, detrahet idem. Pon^, meum est, inquit ; pono, tristisque recede. 35 Idem si clamet furem, neget esse pudicum, Contendat laqueo coUum pressisse patemum ; ' Mordear opprobriis falsis, mutemque colores ? Falsus honor juvat et mendax infamia terret Quem, nisi mendosum et medioandum ? Vir bonus est quis ?— 40 Qui consulta ipatrvm,, qui leges juraque servat, 16.J EPISTOLARUM. LIBER 1. SJlh Quo mtdtcs magnceque secantur judice Utes. Quo res sponsore, et quo causes teste tenentur. — Sed videt huno omnis domus et vicinia tota Introrsus turpem, speciosum pelle decora. 45 Nee furtv/m fed, necfugi, si mihi dicat Servus : Habes pretium, loris non ureris, aio. — Non hominem occidi. — Non pasces in cruce cofios.-- Sum bonus etfrugi. — Renuit negitatque Sabellus. Cautus enim metuit foveam lupus, accipiterque 00 Suspectos laqueos, et opertum miluus hamum. Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore ; , Tu nihil admittes in te formidine pcense. Sit spes faUendi, miscebis sacra profanis. Nam de mille fabae modiis quum surripis unum, 5.'5 Damnum est, non facinus mihi pacto lenius isto. Vir bonus, omne forum quern spectat et omne tribunal, Quandocunque Deos vel porco vel bove placat, Jane pater, clare, clare quum dixit, Apollo, Labra movet metuens audiri : Pulchra Laverna, S(l Da mihifallere, dajusto sanctoque videri; Noctem peccatis, etfravMhus objice nubem. Qui melior servo, qui liberior sit avarus. In triviis &Lum quum se demittit ob assem, Non Tideo. Nam qui cupiet, metuet quoque ; porro, (55 Qui metuens vivet, Uber mihi non erit unquam. Perdidit arma, locum virtutis deseruit, qui Semper in augenda festinat et obruitur re. Vendere quum possis captivum, ocoidere noli ; Serviet utiliter ; sine pascat durus aretque ; 70 Naviget ac mediis hiemet mercator in undis ; Annonae prosit ; portet frumenta penusque. Vir bonus et sapiens audebit dioere : Pentheu, Rector Thebarum, quid me pevferre patique Indignwm coges 7 — Adimam bona. — Nenvpe pecus, rem, 19 Lectos, argentum ? tollas licet. — In manids et 2)6 a. HORATII FLACGt [16, 17 Compedibus scevo te sub custode tenebo. — Ipse Deus, dmul atque volam,, me solvet. — Opinor, Hoc sentit : Moriar ; mors ultima liAea renun est. Epistola XVII. AD SC^VAM. yuamvis, Scseva, satis per te tibi consulis, et seis Quo taudem pacto deceat majoribus uti, Disce, docendus adhuc quae censet amiculus ; ut si C&jcus iter tnonstrare velit : tamen. aspice, si quid Et nos, quod cures proprium fecisse, loquamur. 5 Si te grata quies et primam somnus in boram Delectat, si te pulvis strepitusque rotarum, Si Iffidit oaupona, Ferentinum ire jubebo : Nam neque divitibus contingunt gaudia soUs, Nee vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit. 10 •Si prodesse tuis pauloque benighius ipsum Te traotare voles, accedes siccus ad unctum. Si pranderet dus patienter, regibus uti, Nollet Aristippus.- — Si sciret regibus uti Fastidiret olus, qui me ncftat. — Utrius horum 13 Verba probes et facta, doce ; vel junior audi, Cur sit Aristippi potior sententia. Namque Mordacem Cynicum sic eludebat, ut aiunt : Scurror ego ipse mihi, popndo tu : I'ectius hoc et Splendidius multo est. Equus ut me portet, alat rex, 20 Offidumfado : tu posds vilia rerum, "Dante minor, quamvisfers te nuUius egentem. Omnis Aristippum decuit color et status et res, Tentantem majora, fere praesentibus ajquum. Contra, quem dnplici panno patientia velat, SS Mirabor, vitse via si conversa decebit. Alter purpureum non exspectabit amiotum, Quidlibet indutus celeb srrima per loca yadet, 17, 18.] EPISTOLARUM. LIBKE I. SI") Personamque feret non inconcinnus utramque : Alter Mileti textam cane pejus et angui 30 Vitabit cHamydem ; morietur fiigore, si non E.ettuleris pannum : refer, et sine vivat ineptus. E,es gerere et captos ostendere civibus hostes Attingit solium Jovis et ccelestia tentat : Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est. 35 Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum. Sedit, qui timuit ne non suocederet : eato. Quid ? qui pervenit, fecitne viriHter ? Atqui Hie est aut nusquam, quod queBrimus. Hie onus liorret, Ut parvis animis et parvo corpore majus ; 40 Hie subit et perfert. Aut virtus nomen inane est, Aut decus et pretium reote petit experiens vir. Coram rege suo de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent. Distat, sumasne pudenter, An rapias : atqui rerum caput hoc erat, hie fons. 45 Indotaia mihi soror est, paupercula mater, Et fundus nee vendibilis nee pascere firmus. Qui dicit, clamat : Victvan date. Succinit alter : Et mihi dividtto jindetvr m/wnere qtiodra, Sed tacitus pasci si posset corvus, haberet 50 Plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaequ?. Epistola XVIII. AD LOLLIUM. Si bene te novi, metues, liberrime LoUi, Scurrantis speciem praebere, professus amioum. Est huio diversum vitio vitium prope majus, Asperitas agrestis et inconcinna gravisque, Quae se commendat |onsa cute, dentibus atris, Dum vult libertas dici mera, veraque virtus. Virtus est medium vitiorum, et utrinque reductum. Alter in obsequium plus aequo pronus, et imi K 218 a. HOEATII FLACCl [l8 Derisor lecti, sic nutum divitis horret, Sic iterat voces, et verba cadentia toUit, 10 Ut puerum saevo credas dictata magistro He^dere, vel partes mimum tractare secundas ; Alter rixatur de lana ssepe caprina, et Propugnat nugis armatus : Scilicet, ut rum Sit mihi prima fdes, et vere quod placet ut non 15 Aoriter elatrem ? Fretiwm eetas altera sordet. Amliigitur quid enim ? Castor sciat an Dolichos plus ; Brundisium Minuci melius via ducat, an Appi. Gloria quem supra vires et vestit et ungit, Quem tenet argenti sitis importuna famesque, 20 Quem paupertatis pudor et fuga, dives amicus, Sspe decern vitiis instruction, odit et horret : Aut, si non odit, regit ; ac, veluti pia mater, Plus quam se sapere et virtutibus esse priorem Vult, et ait prope vera : Mea {contendere noli) 26 Stultitiam patiuntur opes ; tibi parvula res est : Arcta decet sanv/m comitem toga ; desine mecwin Certare. Eutrapelus, cuicunque nocere volebat, Vestimenta dabat pretiosa : beatus enim jam Ciun pulchris tunicis sumet nova consUia et spes. 30 Arcanum neque tu sorutaberis illius unquam, Commissumque teges' et vino tortus et ira. Nee tua laudabis studia, aut aliena reprendes ; Nee, quum venari volet iUe, poemata panges. Gratia sic iratrum geminorum, Amphionis atque 3d Zethi, dissUuit, donee suspecta severe Conticuit lyra. Fratemis cessisse putatur Moribus Amphion : tu cede potentis amici Lenibus imperils ; quotiesque educet in agros ^tolis onerata plagis jumenta canesque, 40 Surge, et inbumanEB senium depone Camenae, Coenes ut pariter pulmenta laboribus emta ; B/Omanis soletine viris opus, utile famse. 18. 1 EPISTOLARUM. LIBER I. 219 Vitseque et membris ; prBesertim quum valeas, et Vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum 45 Possis : adde, virilia quod speciosius arma Non est qui traotet (scis, quo clamore coronae Proelia sustineas campestria) ; denique saevam Militiam puer et Cantabrica bella tulisti Sub duce, qui templis Parthorum signa refigit 50 Nunc, et si quid abest, Italis adjudicat armis. Ac (ne te retrahas, et inexcusabilis absis), Quamvis nil extra numerum feoisse modumque Curas, interdum nugaris rare patemo : Partitur lintres exeroitus ; Actia pugna 55 Te duce per pueros hostili more refertur ; Adversarius est frater ; lacus Hadria ; donee Alterutrum velox Victoria fronde coronet. Consentire suis studiis qui crediderit te, Fautor utroque tuum laudabit pollice ludum. 60 Prolinus ut moneam (si quid monitoris eges tu) Quid, de quoque viro, et cui dicas, SEepe videto. Percontatorem fugito, nam garrulus idem est ; Nee retinent patulsB commissa fideliter aures ; Et semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum. 65 Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam adspice ; ne mox Incutiant aliena tibi pecoata pudorem. Fallimur, et quondam non dignum tradimus ; ergo Quem sua culpa premet, deceptus omitte tueri ; At penitus notum, si tentent crimina, serves, 70 Tuterisque tuo fidentem prassidio : qui Dente Theonino quum circumroditur, ecquid Ad te post paulo ventura pericula sentis ? Nam tua res agitur, paries quum proximus ardet, Et neglecta sclent incendia sumere vires. 75 Dulcis inexpertis cultura potentis amici, Expertus metuit. Tu, dum tua navis in alto est, Hoc age, ne mutata retrorsum te ferat aura. 220 a. HORATII FLACCl [18,19. Oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocosi, Sedatum celeres, agilem gnavumque remissi, 90 Potores bibuli media de noote Falerni Oderunt ponecta negantem pocula, quamvis Nocturnes jures te formidare vapores. Deme superciUo nubem : plerumque modestus Occupat obscuri speciem, taoitumus acerbi. 86 Inter cuncta leges et percontabere doetos. Qua ratione queas traducere leniter sevum, Ne te semper inops agitet vexetque cupido, Ne pavor, et rerum mediocriter utilium spes ; Virtutem doctrina paret, naturane donet ; 90 Quid minuat curas, quid te tibi reddat amicum ; Quid pure tranquiUet, honos, an dulce lucellum, An secretum iter, et fallentis semita vitae. Me quoties reficit gelidus Digentia rivus, Quern Mandela bibit, rugosus firigore pagus, 95 Quid sentire putas ? quid credis, amice, precari ? Sit mihi, quod nunc est; etiam minus : et mihi vivam Quod superest avi, si quid sitperesse vokmt Di : Sit bona Ubrorum et proviscs frugis in annum Copia ; oieu fluitem dvMcB spe pendulus hora. 100 Sed satis est orare Jovem, qua donaZ et aufert : Det vitam, det opes ; cequum mi ammu/m ipse parabo. Epistola XIX. AD M^CENATEM. Prisco si credis, Maecenas docte, Cratino, Nulla placere diu nee vivere carmina possunt, Quae soribuntur aquas potoribus. Ut male sanos Adsoripsit Liber Satyris Faunisque poetas, Vina fere dulces oluerunt mane Camense. Laudibus arguitur vini vinosus Homerus ; Ennius ipse pater nunquam nisi potus ad arma Prosiluit dicenda. Forum, putealque lAbonis 19.J EPISTOLAEUM. LIBEK I. 221 Wlandaho siccis, adimam cantare sevens. Hoc simul edixi, non cessavere poetse 10 Nocturno certare mero, putere diurno. Quid ? si quis vultu torvo ferus, et pede nudo, Exiguaque toga, simuletque ex ore Catonem, Virtutenme reprsesentet moresque Catonis ? Rupit larbitam Timagenis semula lingua, 1 5 Dum studet urbanus, tenditque disertus haberi. Decipit exemplar vitiis imitabile : quod si PaUerem casu, biberent exsangue cuminum. O imitatores, servum peous, ut mihi saepe Bilem, saepe jocum vestri movere tumultus I 20 Libera per vacuum posui vestigia prinoeps ; Non aliena meo pressi pede. Qui sibi fidit. Dux regit examen. Parios ego primus iambos Ostendi Latio, numeros animosque secutus Archilocbi, non res et agentia verba Lycamben. 25 Ac, ne me fbliis ideo brevioribus ornes, Quod timui mutare modos et carminis artem. : Temperat ArchUochi musam pede mascula Sappho, Temperat Alcseus ; sed rebus et ordine dispar. Nee socerum quaerit, quem versibus oblinat atris, 30 Neo sponsBB laqueum famoso carmine nectit. Himc ego, non alio dictum prius ore, Latinus Vulgavi fidicen : juvat immemorata ferentem Ingenuis oculisque legi manibusque teneri. Scire velis, mea cur ingratus opusoula lector SH Laudet ametque domi, premat extra limen iniquus ? * Non ego ventosae plebis suffragia venor Impensis cosnarum et tritae munere vestis ; Non ego, nobilium scriptorum auditor et ultor, Giammaticas ambire tribus et pulpita dignor : 40 Hinc lIUb laciimae ! Spissis indigna theatris Scripta pudet recitare, et nugis addere pojidTis, Si dixi : Rides, ait, et Jovis attribus ista Servas ; fidis enim manare poetica mella 222 a. HOEATII FLACCI EPISTOLAKUM. LIB. I. [19,20. Te &olwm, tibi pulcher. Ad hsec ego naribus uti ift Formido ; et, luctantis aouto ne secer ungui, IMsplicet iste locus, clamo, et diludia posco. Ludus enim genuit trepidum certamen et iram, , Ira truces inimioitias et funebre bellum. Epistola XX. AD LIBRUM SUUM. Vertumnum Janumque, liber, spectare videris ; Scilicet ut prostes Sosiorum pumice mundus. Odisti claves, et grata sigilla pudico ; Paucis ostendi gerais, et communia laudas ; Non ita nutritus ! Fuge, quo descendere gestis : b Non erit emisso reditus tibi. Quid miser egi ? Quid volui ? dices, ubi quis te lasserit ; et scis In breve te cogi, planus quum languet amator. Quod si non odio peccantis desipit augur, Carus eris E-omae, donee te deserat aetas. 10 Contrectatus ubi manibus sordescere vulgi CoBperis, aut tineas pasces taciturnus inertes, Aut fugies Uticam, aut vinctus mitteris Ilerdam. Ridebit monitor non exauditus ; ut ille. Qui male parentem in rupes protrusit asellum 15 Iratus : quis enim invitum servare laboret ? Hoc quoque te manet, ut pueros elementa docentem Occupet extremis in viois balba senectus. Quum tibi sol tepidus plures admoverit aures, Me libertine natum patre, et in tenui re 20 Majores pennas nido extendisse loqueris ; Ut, quantum generi demas, virtutibus addas. Me primis Urbis belli placuisse domique ; Corporis exigui, praecanum, solibus aptum, Irasci celerem, taraen ut placabilis essem. 'it Forte meum si quis te percontabitur asvum, Me quater undenos sciat implevisse Decembres, CoUegam Lepidum quo duxit Lollius anno. Q HORATII FLACCI EPISTOLARUM LIBER SECUNDUS. Epistola I. AD AUGUSTUM. Quxm tot sustineas et tanta negotia solus, Res Italas annis .tuteiis, monbus ornes, Legibus emendes, in publica comnioda peccem, Si longo sermone merer tua tempora, Caesar. JSlpmulus, et Liber pater, et cum Castore Pollux, 6 Post iugentia facta Deorum in templa recepti, Dum terras hominumque colunt genus, aspera bella Componunt, agros assignant, oppida condunt, Ploravere suis non respdndere favorem Speratum meritis. Diram qui contudit Ibydram, 1 Notaque fatali portenta labore subegit, Comperit invidiam supremo fine domari. Urit enim fulgore suo, qui praegravat artes Infra se positas ; exstiactus amabitur idem. Prsesenti tibi maturos largimur honores, 15 Jurandasque tuum per numen ponimus aras, Nil oriturum alias, nil ortum tale fatentes. Sed tuus hie populus, sapiens et Justus in uno, Te nostris ducibus, te Graiis anteferendo. Cetera nequaquam simUi ratione modoque i>0 .^stimat, et, nisi quae terris semota suisque Temporibus defunota videt, fastidit et odit; 224 a. HOKATII FLAtXJl [1. Sic fautor vetemm, ut tabulas peccare vetantes, Quas bis quinque viri sanxerunt, foedera regum Vel Gabiis vel cum rigidis sequata Sabinis, 25 Pontificum libros, annosa volumina vatum, Dictitet Albano Musas in monte locutas. Si, quia Graiorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, Romani pensantur eadem Scriptores trutina, non est quod multa loquamur : 30 Nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce duri. Venimus ad summum fortunEe : pingimus atque Psallimus, et luotamur Achivis doctius unctis. Si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit. Scire velim, chartis pretiura quotus arroget annus. 36 Scriptor, abhinc annos centum qui decidit, inter Perfectos veteresque referri debet ? an inter Viles atque novos ? excludat jurgia finis. — Est vetus atque probus, centum qui perfidt annos.— Quid ? qui deperiit minor uno mense vel anno, 40 Inter quos referendus erit ? veteresne poetas ? An quos et prsesens et postera respuat aetas 1 — Iste quidem veteres inter ponetur honeste, Qui vel mense brevi vel toto est junior anno. — Utor permisso, caudseque pilos ut equina, 45 Paulatim vello, et demo unum, demo et item unum, Dum cadat elusas ratione mentis acervi, Qui redit in fastos, et virtutem sestimat annis, Miraturque nihil, nisi quod Libitina sacravit. Ennius, et sapiens et fortis, et alter Homerus, 60 Ut critic! dicunt, leviter curare Videtur, Quo promissa cadant et somnia Pythagorea. Nsevius in manibus non est, et mentibus hssret ' Psene recens ? adeo sanctum est vetus omne pnema. Ambigitur quoties uter utro sit prior, aufert 69 Pacuvius docti famam senis, Attius alti ; Dicitur Afrani toga convenisse Menandro ; 1.] EPISTOLARUM. — LIBER 11. 22A Plautus ad exemplar Siculi properare Epicharmi ; Vincere CiBcilius gravitate, Terentius arte. Hos edisoit, at hos arcto stipata theatro 60 Spectat E.oma potens ; habet hos numeratque poetas Ad nostrum teinpus Livi scriptoris a,b cEvo. Interdulaa vulgus rectum yidet ; est ubi peccat. Si veteres ita miratur laudatque poetas, Ut nihil anteferat, nihil illis comparet, errat : 65 Si qusedam uimis antique, si pleraque dure Dicere cedit eos, ignave multa fatetur, Et sapit, et meoum facit, et Jove judicat aequo. Non equidem insector delendave carmina Livi Esse reor, meraini quae plagosum mihi parvo 70 Orbilium diotare ; sed emendata videri Pulchraque et exactis minimum distantia miror. Inter quae verbum emiouit si forte decorum, Si versus paulo concinnior unus et alter, Injuste totum ducit venditque poema. 75 Indignor quidquam reprehend!, non quia crasse Compositum illepideve putetur, sed quia nuper ; Nee veniam antiquis, sed honorem et praemia posci. K-ecte necne crocxun floresque perambulet Attae Fabula si dubitem, clament periisse pudorem 80 Cuncti paene patres, ea quum reprehendere coner, QuBB gravis .^sopus, quae doctus K-oscius egit : Vel quia nil rectum, nisi quod placuit sibi, ducunt ; Vel quia turpe putant parere minoribus, et, quae Imberbes didioere, senes perdenda fateri. 85 Jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat, et illud. Quod mecum ignorat, solus vult scire videri, Ingeniis non ille favet plauditque sepultis, Nostra sed impugnat, nos nostraque lividus edit. Quod si tam Graiis novitas invisa fuisset, 90 Quam nobis, quid nunc esset vetus ? aut quid haberet, Quod legeret tereretque viritim pujilious usus ? K2 226 a. HORATII FLACOI 1. Ut primum poeitis nugari GrBecia bellis Coepit, et in vitium fortuna labier aequa, Nunc athletarum studiis, nunc arsit equorum, 95 Marmoris aut eboris fabros aut aeris amavit, Suspendit picta vultum mentemque tabella, Nunc tibicinibus, nunc est gavisa tragcedis ; Sub nutrice puella velut si luderet infans, Quod cupide petiit, mature plena reKquit. lOfJ Quid placet aut odio est, quod non mutabile credas ? Hoc paces habuere bonae ventique seoundi. B-omae^uloe diu fuit et solenne, reolusa Mane domo vigilare, clienti promere jura, Cautos nominibus rectis expendere nummos, 105 Majores audire, minori dicere, per quae Crescere res posset, minui danmosa libido. Mutavit mentem populus levis, et calet uno Soribendi studio : pueri patresque severi Fronde comas vincti ccenant, et carmina dictant. ' 110 Ipse ego, qui nullos me afiirmo scribere versus, Invenior Parthis mendacior ; et, prius orto Sole vigil, calamum et cbartas et scrinia posco: Navim agere ignarus navis timet ; abrotonum segto Non audet, nisi qui didicit, dare ; quod medicorum est, llfl Promittunt medici ; tractant fabrilia fabri : Scribimus indocti doctique poemaia passim. Hie error tamen, et levis haec insania quantas Virtutes habeat, sic coHige : vatis avariis Non temere est animus ; versus amat, hoc studet unum ; 120 Detrimenta, fugas servorum, inoendia ridet ; Non fraudem socio, puerove incogitat ullam PupiUo ; vivit siliquis et pane secundo ; Militise quamquam piger et malus, utilis urbi ; Si das hoc, parvis quoque rebus magna juvari. '25 Os tenerum pueri balbuaique poeta figurit, Torquet ab obsooenis jam nunc sermonibus aurem, 1.] EPISTOLARUM. LIBER II. 327 Mox etiam pectus praeoeptis format amicis, Asperitatis et invidiBe corrector et iraa ; Recta facta refert, orientia tetnpora notis 130 Instruit exemplis, inopem solatur et Eegrum, Castis cum pueris ignara puella mariti Disceret unde preces, vatem ni Musa dedisset ? Poscit opem chorus, et prsesentia numina sentit, Ccelestes implorat aquas docta prece blandus, 135 Avertit morbos, metuenda pericula pelliti Impetrat et pacem, et looupletem frugibus annum. Carmine Di superi placantur, carmine manes. AgricolcB prisci, fortes, parvoque beati, Condita post frumenta, levantes tempore festo 140 Corpus, et ipsum animum spe finis dura ferentem, Cum sociis operum, pueris, et conjuge fida, Tellurem porco, Silvanum lacte piabant, Floribus et vino Genium, mem.orem brevii sevi. Fescennina per hunc inventa licentia moiem 145 Versibus altemis opprobria rustica fudit, Libertasque recurrentes aocepta per annos Lusit amabUiter, donee jam ssbvus apertam In rabiem verti coepit jocus, et per honesf.as Ire domos impune minax. Doluere cruento 150 Dente lacessiti ; fuit intactis quoqiie cura Conditione super communi ; quin etiam lex Pcenaque lata, malo quas nollet carmine quemquam Describi ; vertere moduiii, formidine fustis Ad bene dicendum delectandumque redaoti. 155 Grsecia capta ferum viotorem cepit, et artes [ntulit agresti Latio : sic horridus ills Defluxit numerus Satumius ; et grave virus MunditisB pepulere : sed in longum tamen sevun Mahserunt hodieque manent vestigia ruris. 160 Serus enim Grsecis admovit acumina chartis, Et post Punica bella quietus quserere ccepit, S28 a. HORATIl FLACCI [1. Quid Sophocles et Thespis et ^schylus utile ferrent. Tentavit quoque rem, si digne vertere posset ; Et placuit sibi, natura sublimis et acer ; Kio Nam spirat tragicum satis, et feliciter audet ; Sed turpem putat inscite metuitque lituram. Creditur, ex medio quia res aroessit, habere Sudoris minimum, sed habet Comoedia tanto Plus oneris, quanto veniae minus. Adspice, Plautus 170 Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi, TJt patris attenti, lenonis ut insidiosi ; Quantus sit Dossennus edacibus in parasitis, Quam non adstricto percurrat pulpita socco. Gestit enim nummum in loculos demittere, post hoc ITt) Securus, cadat, an recto stet fabula talo. Quem tulit ad scenam ventoso Gloria curru, Exanimat lentus spectator, sedulus inilat. Sic leve, sic parvum est, animum quod laudis avarum Subruit aut reficit. Valeat res ludiera, si me 180 Falma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum. Ssepe etiam audacem fugat hoc terretque poetam. Quod numero plures, virtute et honors minores, Indooti stolidique, et depugnare parati, Si disoordet eques, media inter carmina poscunt 185 Aut ursum aut pugUes ; his nam plebeoula gaudet. Varum equitis quoque jam migravit ab aure voluptas Omnis ad incertos oculos et gaudia vana. Quatuor aut plures aulsea premuntur in boras, Dum fugiunt equitum turmse peditumque catervsB ; 190 Mox trahitur manibus regum fortuna retortis, Esseda festinant, pilenta, petorrita, naves ; Captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus. Si foret in terris, rideret Democritus, seu Diversum confusa genus panthera camelo, 194 Sive elephas albus vulgi converteret ora : Speotaret populum ludis attentius ipsis, !•] EPISTOLARUM. LIBER II. 229 Ut sibi prsebentem mimo spectaoula plura ; Scriptores autem narrate putaret asello Fabellam surdo. Nam quae pervincere voces 200 Evaluere sonum, referunt quem nostra theatra ? Garganurn mugire putes nemus, aut mare Tuscum, Tanto cum strepitu ludi spectantur, et artcs, Divitiaeque peregrinsB, quibus oblitus actor Quum stetit in scena, concurrit dextera IsevaB. 205 Dixit adhuc aliquid 7 — ^Nil sane. — Quid placet ergo ? — Lana Tarentino violas imitata veneno. Ac ne forte putes, me, quae facere ipse recusem, Quum recte tractent alii, laudare maligne ; lUe per extentum funem mihi posse videtur 210 Ire poeta, meum qui pectus inaniter angit, . Trritat, mulcet, falsis terroribus implet, Ut magus, et modo me Thebis, modo ponit Athenis. Verum age, et his, qui se lectori credere malunt, Quam spectatoris fastidia ferre superbi, 215 Curam redde brevem, si munus Apolline dignum Vis complere libris, et vatibus adders calcar, Ut studio majore petant Helicona virentem. Miilta quidem nobis facimus mala ssepe poetse (Ut vineta egomet csedam mea), quum tibi libnim 220 Sollicito damns aut fesso ; quum Iffidimur, unum Si quis amicorum est ausus reprendere versum ; Quum looa jam recitata revolvimus irrevocati ; Quum lamentamur, non apparere labores Nostros, et tenui deducta poemata filo ; 22.' Quum speramus eo rem venturam, ut simul atque Carmina rescieris nos fingere, commodus ultro Aroessas, et egere vetes, et scribere cogas. Sed tamen est operse pretium cognoscere, quales iSdituos habeat belli spectata domique 230 Virtus, indigno non committenda poetse. GrratuB Alexandre regi Magno fuit ilia 330 a. HORATII PLACCI LI. Choerilus, incultus qui versitus et male natis Rettulit aeoeptos, regale numisma, Philippos. Sed veluti tractata notam labemque remittuiit 235 Atramenta, fere soriptdres carmine fcedo Splendida facta linunt. Idem rex Ule, poema Qui tam ridiculum tam care prodigus emit, Edicto vetuit, ne quis se, prseter Apellem, Pingeret, aut alius Lysippo duceret Eera 240 Fortis Alexandri vultum simulantia. Quod si Judicium subtile videndis artibus Ulud Ad libros et ad hsec Musarum dona vocares, Boeotum in crasso jurares aere-natum. At neque dedecorant tua de se judicia, atque 245 Munera, quae multa dantis cum lalude tulerunt Dileoti tibi Virgilius Variusque poetae ; Nee magis expressi vultus per aenea signa, Quam per vatis opus mores animique virorum Clarorum apparent. Nee sermones ego mallem 250 Bepentes per humum, quam res componere gestas ; Terrarumque situs et flurriina dioere, et airces Montibus impositas, et barbara regna, tuisque Auspiciis totum confecta duella per orbem, Claustraque custodem pacis cohibentiaJanum, 255 Et formidatam Parthis te principe Romam ; Si, quantum cuperem, possem quoque. Sed neque parvum Carmen majestas reoipit tua, neo mens audet Rem tentare pudor, quam vires ferre recusent. Bedulitas autem, stulte quem diligit, urget, 260 Praecipue quum se numeris commendat et arte : Discit enim eitius meminitque libentius illud. Quod quis deridet, quam quod probat et veneratur. Nil moror officium, quod me gravat, ao neque fioto In pejus vultu proponi cereus usquam, 268 Neo prave factis decorari versibus opto, Ne 1 abeam pingui donatus munere, et una 1) 2.] EPISTOLARUM. LIBER II. 23l Cum scriptore meo, capsa porrectus aperta, Deferar in vicum vendentem thus et odores Et piper et quidquid chartis amicitur ineptis !i70 Epistola II. AD JULIUM FLORUM. Flore, bono claroque fidelis amice Neroiii, Si quis forte velit puerum tibi vendere, natum Tibure vel Gabiis, et tecum sic agat : Hie et Candidus, et talos a vertice piddier ad imos, Fiet eritque tuus nurmnorum mallibus octo, 5 Yerrta minii,(,eriis ad nutus aptus heriles, Litendis GrcBcis imhutus, idoneus arti Cuilibet ; argiUa quidvis imitaberis i.tda ; Quin etiam canet indoctum, sed dulce bibenti. Midta fdem proniissa levant, ubi plenius cequo 10 haudat venules, qui vult extrudere, mercos. Res urget me nulla ; meo sum pauper in are : Nemo hoc mangonum faceret tibi : non temere a me Quivis ferret idem: semel hie cessavit, et, utfit. In scalis latuit metuervs pendentis habencn. 16 Des nummos, excepta nihil te sifuga Icedit. Ille ferat pretium, poense securus, opinor. Prudens emisti vitiosum ; dicta tibi est lex : Insequeris tamen liunc, et lite moraris iniqua 1 Dixi me pigrum prpficiscenti tibi, dixi 20 Talibus officiis prope mancum ; ne mea saevus Jurgares ad te quod epistola nulla rediret. Quid tum profeoi, mecum facientia jura Si tamen attentas ? Quereris super hoc etiam, quod Exspectata tibi non mittam carmina mendax. 25 LucuUi miles coUecta viatica multis /Erumnis, lassua dum noctu stertit, ad assem ^ Perdiderat : post hoc vehemens lupus, et sibi et hosti 232 a. HORATII FLACCl [2* Iratus pariter, jejunis dentibus acer, PrBBsidium regale loco dejeoit, ut aiunt, 30 Summe munito et multarum divite rerum. Clarus ob id factum donis ornatur honestis ; Accipit et bis dena super sestertia nummum. Forte sub boo tempus castellum evertere praetor Nescio quod cupiens hortari ccepit eundem 35 Verbis, quae timido quoque possent addere mentem : I, hone, quo virtus tua te vocat, Ipedefausto, Grandia laturus meritorum prcemia ! Quid stas ? Post haec ille catus, quantumvis rusticus, Ibit, Ibit eo quo vis, qui zonam perdidit, inquit. 40 Romas nutriri mihi contigit atque doceri, Iratus Graiis quantum nocuisset Achilles : Adjecere bonae paulo plus artis Athenae ; Scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum, Atque inter silvas Academi quserere verum. 43 Dura sed emovere loco me tempora grato, Civilisque rudem belli tulit sestus in arma, Caesaris Augusti non responsura laoertis. Unde simul primum me dimisere Philippi, Decisis humilera pennis, inopemque patemi 50 Et laris et fundi, paupertas impulit audax Ut versus facerem : sed, quod non desit, habentem Quae poterunt unquam satis expurgare cicutae, Ni melius dormire putem quam scribere versus ? Singula de nobis anni praedantur euntes ; 55 Eripuere jooos,Venerem, convivia, ludum ; Tendunt extorquere poemata : quid faciam vis ? Denique non omnes eadem mirantur amantque : Carmine tu gaudes, hie delectatur iambis, Ille Bioneis sermqjiibus et sale.nigro. 60 Tres mihi convivae props dissentire videntur, Poscentes vario multum diversa palate. Quid dem ? quid non dem ? Renuis tu, quod jubet alter ; Quod petis, id sane est invjsnm acidumque duobua. 8.J EPISTOLARUM. LIBER II. 233 PrsBter cetera, me Romaene poemata censes 6S Scribere posse, inter tot curas totque labores ? Hie sponsum vocat, Mo anditum scripta relictia Omnibus offioiis ; cubat hie in colle Quirini, Hie extremo in Aventino, visendus uterque : Intervalla vides humane commoda. — Yerum 70 VurcR sunt platece, nihil ut meditantibus obstet. — Festjnat calidus mulis gerulisque redemtor, Torquet nunc lapidem, nunc ingens machina tignum, Tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris, Hac rabiosa fugit canis, hac lutulenta ruit sus : 75 I nunc, et versus tecum meditare canoros. Scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus, et fugit urbes, Rite cl^ns Bacchi, somno gaudentis et umbra : Tu me inter strepitus nocturnes atque diurnos Vis canere, et contacta sequi vestigia vatum ? 80 Ingenium, sibi quod vacuas desumsit Athenas, Et studiis annos septem dedit, insenuitque Libris et curis, statua tacitumius exit Plerumque, et risu populum quatit : hie ego rerum Fluctibus in mediis, et tempestatibus urbis, 85 Verba lyrae motura sonum connectere digner ? Auctor erat Romse consulto rhetor, ut alter Alterius sermonc meros audiret honores ; Gracchus ut hie illi foret, huic ut Mucius ille. Qui minus argutos vexat furor iste poetas ? 90 Carmina compono, hie elegos ; mirabUe visu Caelatumque novem Musis opus ! Adspice primum, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine ciicum- Spectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus sedem ! Mox etiam, si forte vacas, sequere, et procul audi, 95 Quid ferat et quare sibi nectat uterque coronam. Ccedimur, et totidem plagis consumimus hostem, Lento Samnites ad lumina prima duello. Diseedo AIcbbus puncto illius ; ille meo quis ? 834 a. iioRATii FLAcci [2. Quis, nisi Callimachus ? si plus adposcere visus, 100 Fit Mimnermus, et optivo cognomine orescit. Multa fero, ut placem genus irritabile vatum, Quum scribo, et supplex populi suffragia capto : Idem, finitis studiis et mente recepta, Obturem patulas impune legentibus aures. 105 Ridentur mala qui componunt carmina : verum Gaudent soribentes, et se venerantur, et ultro, Si taceas, laudant quidquid scripseie, beati. At qui legitimum cupiet fecisse poema, Cum tabulis animum censoris sumet honesti ; 110 Audebit quEBOunque parum splendoris habebunt, Et sine pondere erunt, et honore indigna ferentur, V^erba movere loco, quamvis invita recedant, Et versentur adbuc intra penetralia Vestee. Obscurata diu populo bonus eruet, atque Hi) Proferet in lucem speciosa vocabula rerum, Qaa3, prisois memorata Catonibus atque Cethegis, Nunc situs informis premit et deserta vetustas : Adscisoet nova, quse genitor produxerit usus. Vehemens et liquidus, puroque simillimus amni, 120, Fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua ; Luxuriantia oompesoet, nimis aspera sano Levabit cultu, virtute carentia toilet, Ludentis speciem dabit, et torquebitur, ut qui Nunc Satyrum nunc agrestem Cyclopa movetur. 125 Praetulerim soriptor delirus inersque videri, Dum mea delectent mala me, vel denique fallant, Quam sapere et ringi. Fuit baud ignobilis Argis, Qui se credebat miros audire tragcedos. In vacuo Isetus sessor plausorque, theatre ; 130 Cetera qui vitse servaret munia recto More, bonus sane vicinus, amabilis hospes, Comis in uxorem, posset qui ignoscere servis, Et signo IsBso non insanire lagense ; 8. J EriSTOLAEUM. LIBER II. 235 Posset qui rupem et puteum vitare patentem. 135 Hio iibi cognatorum opibus curisque refectus Expulit elleboro morbum bilemque meraco, Et redit ad sese : Pol, me occidistis, amici, Non servastis, ait, cui sic extorta voluptas, Et demtus pretium mentis gratissimus error. 140 Nimirum sapere est abjectis utile nugis, Et tempestivum pueris concedere ludum, Ao non verba sequi fidibus modulanda Latinia. Sed verse numerosque modosque ediscere vitse. Quocirca mecum loquor hsec, tacitusque recordor : 145 Si tibi nuUa sitim iiniret copia lymphse, Narrares medicis : quod, quanto plura parasti, Tanto plura cupis, nuUine faterier audes ? Si vulnus tibi monstrata radice vel herba Non fieret levius, fugeres radice vel herba 150 Profioiente nihil curarier. Audieras, cui Rem Di donarent, iUi decedere pravam Stultitiam ; et, quum sis nihilo sapientior, ex quo Plenior es, tamen uteris monitoribus isdem ? At si divitise prudentem reddere possent, 165 Si cupidum timidumque minus te, nempe ruberes, Viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno. Si proprium est, quod quis libra mercatur et sere, Qusedam, si credis consultis, mancipat usus : Qui te pascit ager, tuus est ; et villicus Orbi, 160 Quum segetes occat tibi mox frumenta daturas, Te dominum sentit. Das nummos, accipis uvam, PuUos, ova, cadum temeti : nempe mode isto Paulatim mercaris agrum, fortasse trecentis, Aut etiam supra, nummorum millibus emtum. 165 Quid refert, vivas numerato nuper an oUm ? Emtor Aricini quondam Veientis et arvi Emtum CGsnat olus, quamvis aliter putat ; emtia Sub noctem gelidara lignis calefactat aenum ; 236 a. HORATII FLACCI [2. Sed vocat usque suum, qua populus adsita certis 170 Limitibus vicina refugit jurgia ; tanquam Sit proprium quidquam, puncto quod mobilis horas, Nunc prece, nunc pretio, nunc vi, nunc morte suprema, Permutet dominos et cedat in altera jura. Sic, quia perpetuus nulli datur usus, et heres 175 Heredem alterius velut unda supervenit undam, Quid vici prosunt aut horrea ? Quidve Calabris Saltibus adjeoti Lucani, si metit Orcus Grandia cum parvis, non exorabilis auro ? Gfemmas, marmor, ebur, Tyrrhena sigilla, tabellas, 180 Argentum, vestes Gsetulo murice tinotas, Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curat habere. Cur alter fratrnm cessare et ludere et ungi Prseferat Herodis palmetis pinguibus ; alter, Dives et importunus, ad umbram luois ab ortu 18S Silvestrem iiammis et ferro mitiget agrum, Scit Genius, natale comes qui temperat astrum. Natures Deus humanae, mortalis in unum- Quodque caput, vultu mutabilis, albus et ater. Utar, et ex medico, quantum res poscet, acervo 1 90 Tollam ; nee metuam, quid de me judicet heres. Quod non plura datis invenerit : et tamen idem Scire volam, quantum simplex hilarisque nepoti Discrepet, et quantum discordet parous avaro. Distat enim, spargas tua prodigus, an neque sumtum 195 Invitus facias neque plura parare labores, Ao potius, puer ut festis quinquatribus olim, Exiguo gratoque fruaris tempore raptim. Pauperies immunda procul procul absit : ego, utrum Nave ferar magna an parva, ferar unus et idem. 200 Non agimur tumidis velis aquilone secundo ; Non tamen adversis aetatem ducimus austris ; Viribus, ingenio, specie, virtute, loco, re, Extremi primorum, extremis usque priores. 2.] EPISTOLAEUM. LIBER II. 237 Non es avarus : abi. Quid ? cetera jam simul isto 205 Cum vitio fugere ? caret tibi pectus inani Ambitions ? caret mortis fprmidine et ira ? Somnia, terrores magicos, miracula, sagas, Noctumos lemures portentaque Thessala rides ? Natales grate numeras ? ignoscis amicis ? 210 Lenior et melior fis accedente senecta ? Quid te exemta levat spiois de pluribus una ? Vivere si recte nesois, decede peritis. Lusisti satis, edisti satis atque bibisti ; Tempus abire tibi est ; ne potmn largiiis sequo 814 Rideat et pulset lasciva deccntius aetas. ft. HORATII FLACCI EPISTOLA AD PISONES. Q. H 11 A T I I P L A C C I EPISTOLAAD PISONES. HuMANO capiti corvicera pictor equinam Juijgere si velit, et varias inducere plumas Undique coLLatis membris, ut turpiter atrum Desinat in piscem mulier formosa superne, Spectatum admiasi risum teneatis, amici ? 6 Credite, Pisones, isti tabulae fore librum Persimilem, cujus, velut aegri somnia, vanaj Fingentur species ; ut nee pes, nee caput uni Reddatur formae. — Pictoribus atque po'etis Qiddlibet audendi semper fuit cequa potestas. — 10 Scimus, et banc veniam petimusque damusque vicissim : Sed non ut placidis coeant immitia : non ut Serpentes avibus geminentur, tigfibus agni. Inceptis gravibus pier umque et magna professis Purpureus, late qui splendeat, unus et alter 1& Assuitur pannus ; quum luous et ara Dianas, Et properantis aquae per amcenos ambitus agros, Aut flumen Rhenum, aut pluvius describitur arcus. Sed nunc non erat his locus. Et fortasse cupressum. Scis simulare : quid hoc, si fractis enatat exspes 20 Navibus, aere date qui pingitur ? Amphora coepit Institui ; currente rota cur urceus exit ? Denique sit quidvis, simplex duntaxat et unum. Maxima pars vatum, pater et juvenes patre digni, Decipimur specie recti : brevis esse laboro, ' 25 Obecurus fio ; sectantem lenia nervi L 242 a. HORATII PLACCl Deficiunt animique ; professus grandia turget ; Serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque prooelte ; ■ Qui variare cupit rein prodigialiter unam, Delphinum silvis appingit, fluctibus aprum. 30 In vitium ducit oulpsB fuga, si caret arte. .iEmilium circa ludum faber unus et ungUes Exprimet, et moUes imitabitur aere capillos ; Infelix operis summa, quia ponere totuta Nesciet. Hunc ego me, si quid componere ourem, 35 Non magis esse velim, quam naso vivere .pravo, Spectandum nigris oculis nigroque capillo. Sumite materiatn vestris, qui scribitis, aequam ViribUB, et versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant humeri. Cui lecta potenter erit res, 40 Neo facundia deseret hunc, nee lucidus ordo. Ordinis hsec virtus erit et Venus, aut ego fallor, Ut jam nunc dicat jam nunc debentia dici, Pleraque difierat et prsesens in tempus omittat..^-' In verbis etiam tenuis cautusque serendis, 4 5 Hoc aftiet, hoc spernat promissi carminis auctor. Dixeris egregie, notum si callida verbum E-eddiderit junctura novum. Si forte necesse est Indiciis monstrare recentibus abdita rerum, -j Fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis" 50 Continget, dabiturque licentia sumta pudenter. Et nova faotaque nuper habebunt verba fidem, si Grasco fonte cadant, parce detorta. Quid autem Caecilio Plautoque dabit Romanus, ademtum Virgilio Varioque ? Ego cur, acquirere pauca fi^j Si possum, invideor, quum lingua Catonis et Enni Sermonem patrium ditaverit, et nova rerum Nomina protulerit ? Lieuit, semperque licebit, Signatum prsesente nota procudere nomen. Ut silvBB, foliis pronos mutantis in annos, 60 Prima cadunt ; ita verborum vetus interit setaB, EPISTOLA AD PISONES. 243 Et ju-venum ritu florent modo nata vigentque. Debemur morti nos nostraque ; sive, recepto -Terra Neptuno, classes aquilonibus arcet Regis opus ; sterilisve diu palus aptaque remia 65 Vicinas urbes alit, et grave sentit aratrum ; Seu cursum mutavit iniquum frugibus amnis, Doctus iter melius. Mortalia facta peribunt : Nedum sermonum stet honos et gratia vivax. Multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere^oadentque 70 QuBB nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus, Quem penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi Res gestae regumque ducumque et tristia bella Quo scribi pdssent numero, monstravit Homerus. Versibus impariter junctis queriraonia primum, 75 Post etiam inclusa est voti sententia compos. Quis tamen exiguos elegos emiserit auctor, Grammatici certant, et adhuc sub judicc lis est. Archilachum proprio rabies armavit iarabo : Hunc socci cepere pedem grandesque cothurni, 80 Alternis aptum sermonibus, et populares Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis. . Musa dedit fidibus Divos, puerosque Deorum, > Et pugilem victorem, et equum certamine primum, Et juvenum curas, et libera vina referre. .- 85 Descriptas servare vices operumque colores, Cur ego, si nequeo ignoroque, poeta salutor ? Cur nescire, pudens prave, quam discere malo ? Versibus exponi tragicis res comica non vult : ■ Indignatur item privatis, ac prope socco 90 Dignis carminibus narrari coena Thyestae. Singula quaeque locum teneant sortita decenter. , Interdum tamen et vocem Comoedia toUit, Iratusque Chremes tumido delitigat ore ; Et tragicus plerumque dolet sermone pedestri. 95 Telephus et Peleus, quum pauper et exsul, uterque 244 a. HOKATII FLACCI Projicit ampuEas et sesquipedalia verba, Si cor spectantis curat tetigisse querela. Non satis est pulchra esse poemata ; dulcia sunto, Et quocunque volent, animum auditoris agunto. 100 Ut ridentibus arrident, ita flentibus afflent Huraani vultus. Si vis me flere, dolendura est Primum ipsi tibi ; tunc tua me infortunia laedent, ■ Teleplie vel Peleu : male si mandata loqueris, Aut dormitabo aut ridebo. Tristia moestum 105 Vultum verba decent, iratum plena minarum, Ludentem lasciva, severum seria diotii. , Format enim natura prius nos intus ad omnem Fortunarum habitum ; juvat, aut impellit ad iram, Aut ad humum moerore gravi deducit et angit ; 1 10 Post effort animi motus interprete lingua. Si dicentis erunt fortunis absona dicta, Bomani tollent equites peditesque cachinnum. Intererit multum, divusne loquatur an heros, Maturusne senex an adhuc florente juventa 1 1 5 Fervidus, et matrona potens an sedula nutrix, Mercatorne vagus cultome virentis-agelli, Colobus an Assyrius, Thebis nutritus an Argis. Aut famam sequere, aut sibi convenientia firige, Soriptor. Honoratum si forte reponis Achillem, 120 Impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer, Jura neget sibi nata, nihil non arroget armis. ' Sit Medea ferox invictaque, flebilis Ino, Perfidus Ixion, lo vaga, tristis Orestes. Si quid inexpertum scense committis, et audes 12.')' Personam formare novam, servetur ad imum Qualis ab incepto prooesserit, aut sibi constet. DifScile est proprie communia dicere : tuque Rectius Iliacura carmen diducis in actus, Quam si proferres ignota indictaque primus. 130 Publica raateries privati juris erit, si EPISTOLA AD PISONES. 245 Neo circa vilem patulumque moraberis orbem, Nee verbum verbo curabis reddere fidus Interpres, nee desilies imitator in arctum, Unde pedem proferre pudor vetet aut operis lex. 135 Nee sic inoipies, ut soripfor cyclicus olim : Fortunam Priami cantabo et nobile hdlum. Quid dignum tanto feret hie promissor hiatu ? Parturiunt montes, nasoetur ridieulus mus. Quanto reetius hie, qui nil molitur inepte : 140 Die mihi, Musa, virum, captcB post tempora Trqjce Qui mores hominum multorum vidit et urbes. Non fumum ex fulgore, sed ex fumo dare lueem Cogitat, ut speeiosa dehinc miracula promat, Antiphaten, Scyllamque, et cum Cyclope Charybdin ; 145 Nee reditum Diomedis ab interitu Meleagri, Neo gemino bellum Trojanum orditur ab ovo. Semper ad eventum festinat, et in medias res, Non secus ac notas, auditorem rapit, et, quEe Desperat tractata nitescere posse, relinquit ; 150 Atque ita mentitur, sic veris falsa remiseet, Prime ne medium, medio ne disorepet imuni^^ Tu, quid ego et populus meeum desideret, audi : Si fautoris eges aulsea manentis, et usque c( Ci"' ' ' Sessuri, donee cantor, Vos pkmdite, dioat, 155 JEiiaXis, oujusque notandi sunt tibi mores, Mobilibusque deeor naturis dandus et annis. Reddere qui voces jam scit puer, et pede certo Signat humum, gestit piaribus coUudere, et iraiii • Colligit ac ponit temere, et mutatur in horas. 160 Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remote, Gaudet equis canibusque et aprici gramine campi ; Cereus in vitium flecti, monitoribus asper, / Utilium tardus provisor, prodigus seris, Sublimis, cupidusque, et amata relinquere pemix. 165 Conversis studiis astas animusque virilis 246 a. HORATII FLACCI Quserit opes et amioitias, inservit honori, Commisisse cavet, quod mox mutare laboret. Multa senem circumveniunt inoommoda, vel quod QucBrit, et inventis miser abstinet, ao timet uti, 170 Vel quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat, Dilator, spe longus, iners, avidusque futuri, Difficilis, querulus, laudator temporis acti Se puero, castigator censorque minorum. Multa ferunt anni venientes commoda secum, - 176 Multa reoedentes adimunt. Ne forte seniles Mandentur juveni partes, pueroque viriles, Semper in adjunctis aevoque morabimur aptis. Aut agitur res in scenis, aut acta refertur. Segnius irritant animos demissa per aurem, 180 Quam quae sunt oculis subjecta fidelibus, et qusa Ipse sibi tradit spectator : non tamen intus Digna geri promes in scenam ; multaque tolles Ex oculis, quae mox narret faoundia praesens. Ne pueros coram populo Medea trucidet, 185 Aut humana palam coquat exta nefarius Atreus, Aut in avem Progne vertatur, Cadmus in anguem. Quodcunque ostendis raihi sic, incredulus odi. Neve minor neu sit quinto produqjior actu ->- Fabula, quae posci vult et spectata reponi : 1 90 Nee Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus ' Inciderit ; nee quarta loqui persona laboret. Actoris partes Chorus officiumque virile Defendat, neu quid medios intercinat actus, j Quod non proposito conducat et haereat apte. 19''i Ille bonis faveatque et consilietur amice, Et regat iratos, et amet pacare tumentes ; Ille dapes laudet mensae brevis, ille salubrem -' Justitiam, legesque, et apertis otia portis, ^ Ille tegat commissa, Deosque precetur et oret, 200 Ut redeat miseris, abeat Fortuna superbis. EPISTOLA AD PISONES. 247 Tibia non, ut nunc, orichalco vinota, tuteque ffimula, sed tenuis simplexque foramine pauco Adspirare et adesse Choris erat utilis, atque Nondum spissa nimis complerc sedilia flatu ; 205 Quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat. Postquam ccepit agros extendere victor, et urbem Latior amplecti murus, vinoque diurno Placari Genius festis impune diebus, 21.fl Accessit numerisque modisque licentia major ; Indoctus quid enim saperet liberque laborum Busticus, urbane oonfusus, turpis honesto ? Sio priscsB motumque et luxuriem addidit arti Tibicen, traxitque vagus per pulpita vestem ; 21''> Sio etiam iidibus voces crevere sevens, Et tulit eloquium insolitum facundia, prseceps ; Utiliumque sagax rerurti, et divina futuri, Sortilegis non discrepuit sententia Delphis. Carmine qui tragico vilem certavit ob hiroura, 220 Mox etiam agrestes Satyros nudavit, et asper Ineolumi gra=vitate jocum tentavit, eo quod Illecebris erat et grata novitate morandus Spectator, functusque sacris, et potus, et exlex. Verum ita risores, ita commendare dicaces 22n Conveniet' Satyros, ita vertere seiia ludo, Ne, quiounque Deus, quicunque adhibebitur heros, Begali conspectus in auro nuper et ostro, Migret in obscuras humili sermone tabernas, Aut, dum vitat humum, nubes et inania captet. 23^ Effutire leves indigna Tragcedia versus, Ut festis matrona moveri jussa diebus, Intererit Satyris paulum pudibunda protervis. Non ego inomata et dominantia nomina solum Verbaque, Pisones, Satjrrorum scriptor amabo; 23/i Nee sio enitar tragico difierre colori, Z4S a. HORATII FLAUOJ Ut nihil intersit, Davusne loquatur et audax Pythias, emuncto lucrata Simone talentum. An custos famulusque Dei Silenus alumni. Ex noto fictum carmen sequar, ut sibi quivis 240 Speret idem ; sudet multum, frustraque laboret Ausus idem. Tantum series juncturaque pollet. Tantum de medio sumtis aooedit honoris. Silvis educti caveant, me judiee, Fauni, Ne, velut innati triviis ac psene forenses, v 245 Aut nimium teneris juvenentur versibus unquam, Aut immunda orepent ignominiosaque dicta. OiTenduntur enim, quibus est equus, et pater, et res ; Nee, si quid fricti cioeris probat et nuois emtor, JEquis accipiunt animis donantve corona. 250 Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur Iambus, Pes citus ; unde etiam Trimetris accresoere jussit Nomen iambeis, quum senos redderet ictus Primus ad extremum similis sibi. Non ita pridem Tardior ut paulo graviorque veniret ad aures, 255 Spondees stabiles in jura patema recepit Commodus et patiens ; non ut de sede secunda Cederet aut quarta sooialiter. Hie et in Atti Nobilibus Trimetris apparet rarus, et Enni. In scenam missus m'agno cum pondere versus, 260 Aut operae celeris nimium curaque carentis, Aut ignoratsB premit artis crimine turpi. Non quivis videt immodulata poemata judex ; Et data Romanis venia est indigna poetis. Iddrcone vager, soribamque licenter 1 Ut omnes 265 Visuros peccata putem mea: tutus et intra Spem venisB cautus ? vitavi denique culpam, Non laudem merui. Vos exemplaria Grjeca Nocturna versate manu, versate diurna. At vestri proavi Plautinos et numeros et 270 Jjaudcmere sales : nimium patienter utrumque, EPISTOLA AD PISONES. 249 Ne dioam stulte, mirati, si modo ego et vos \Sciirius inurbanum lepido seponere dicto, Legitimumque sonum digitis callem^s et aure. Ignotum tragioffi genus invenisse Camenm' 275 Dicitur et plaustris vexisse poemata Thespis, Qui canerent agerentque peruncti faecibus ora. Post huno personsB pallseque repertor honestse ^schylus et modicis instravit pulpitsftignis, Et docuit magnumque loqui nfrtique oothurno. ■ 280 Suooessit vetus his Cofaioedia, non sine multa Laude ; sed in vitium libertas excidit, et vim Dignam lege regi. Lex est accepta, Chorusque Tvuqpiter obticuit, sublato jure nocendi. Nil iiitentatum nostri liquere poetse : 28.'> Nee minimum meruere deous, vestigia GTEBca Ausi deserere, et celebrare domestica facta, Vel qui prsetextas, vel qui docuere togatas. Nee virtute foret clarisve potentius armis, Quarii lingua, Latium, si non offenderet unum- 290 Quemque poetarum limse labor et mora. Vos, O PompOius sanguis, carmen reprehendite, quod non Multa dies et multa litura coerouit, atque PrsBsectum decies non castigavit ad unguem. Ingenium misera quia fortunatius arte 295 «- Credit, et excludit sanos Helioone poetas ' Democritus, bona pars non ungues ponere curat, Non barbam, secreta petit loca, bilnea vitat. '^ Nanciscetur enim pretium nomenque poetse, Si tribus Antieyris caput insanabile nunquam jOO Tonsori Licino commiserit. O ego Isvus, Qui purgor bilem sub verni temporis horam ! j. ' Non alius faceret meliora poemata.; Verum / Nil tanti est. Ergo fungar vice cotis, aoutum Reddere quse ferrum valet, exsors ipsa secandi : 305 Munus et oiRcium, nil scribens ipse, docebo ; L 2 250 Q. HORATH FLACCI Unde parentur opes, quid alat formetque poetam ; Quid deceat, quid non ; quo virtus, quo ferat error. Soribendi reote sapere est et principium et fons : Rem tibi Socraticse poterunt ostendere ohartae, 310 Verbaque provisam rem non invita sequentur. Qui didioit, patriae quid debeat, et quid amicis. Quo sit amore parens, quo frater amandus et hospes, Quod sit consoripti, quod judicis officium, quae Partes in bellum missi duois, ille profeeto 316 Reddere personae soit convenientia cuique. Respicere exemplar vitae morumque jubebo Doctura imitatorem, et veras hinc ducere voces. Interdum speciosa locis morataque recte Fabula, nullius veneris, sine pondere et arte, 320 Valdius oblectat populum meliusque moratur, Quam versus inopes rerum nugseque canorae. Graiis ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui, praeter laudem nullius avaris. Romani pueri longis rationibus assem S25 Discunt in partes centum diducere. — Dicas, Filius Alhini, si de quincunce remota est TJneda, quid superat? — Poteras dixisse. — Triens. — Eul Rem poteris servare tuatn. Redit uncia, quid Jit 1 — Semis. — An, haec animos aerugo et cura peculi 330 Quum semel imbuerit, speramus carmina fingi Posse -linenda cedro, et levi servanda cupresso ? Aut prodesse volunt aut deleetare poetas, Aut simul et jucunda et idonea dicere vitae. Quidquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta 33* Percipiant animi docUes, teneantque fideles. Omne supervacuum pleno de peotore manat. . Ficta voluptatis causa sint proxima veris : Ne, quodcunque volet, posoat sibi fabula credi ; Neu pransae Lamias vivum puerum extrahat alvo 340 Centuriae seniorum agitaut expertia frugis, EPISTOLA AD PISONES. 251 Celsi praotereunt austera poemata Ramnes : Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile duloi, Lectorem delectando pariterque mouendo. Hio meret sera liber Sosiis, hio et mare transit, 345 1^ longum note scriptori prorogat Eevum. Sunt deliota tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus : Nam neque chorda sonum reddit, quem viilt manus et mens, ■*--Poscentique gravem perssepe remittit acutum ; _ Neo semper feriet quodcunque minabitur arcus. 350 Verum ubi plura nitent in carmine, non ego pauois Oflendax maculis, quas aut incuria fudit, Aut bumana parum cavit natura. Quid ergo est ? Ut scriptor si peccat idem librarius usque, Quamvis est monitus, yenia caret ; ut citharoedus 35 Ridetur, chorda qui semper oberrat eadem ; Sic mihi, qui multum cessat, fit Cboenlus iUe, Quem bis terve bonum cum risu miror ; et idem. Indignor, quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus. Verum operi longo fas est obrepcre somnum. 360 Ut pictura, poesis : erit, quae, si propius stes, Te capiet magis, et qusedam, si longius abstes ; J Haeo amat obscurum, volet hseo sub luce videri, Judicis argutum quae non formidat acumen : . HiBc placuit semel, hsec decies repetita placebit. 365 O major juvenum, quamvis el^Vooe patema \ Fingeris ad rectum, et per te sapis, hoc tibi dictum Tolle memor : certis medium et tolerabUe rebus Recte concedi. " Consultus juris et actor Causarum mediocris abest virtute diserti 370 MessalsB, nee scit quantum CasceUius Aulus ; '^ Sed tamen in pretio est : mediooribus esse poetis Non homines, non Di, non concessere oolumnse. Ut gratas inter mensas symphonia disoors Et crassum unguentum et Sardo cum meUe papaver 375 Ofiendunt, poterat duci quia coena sine istis ; 252 a. HORATII FLACCI Sic animis natum inventumqiie poema juvandis, Si paulum a summo deeessit, vergit ad imum. Ludere qui nescit, campestribus abstinet armis, Indoctusque pilse discive trochive quiesoit, 380 Ne spissae risum tollant impune coronae : Qui nesoit, versus tamen audet fingere I — Quidni? lAher et ingenuus, prcBsertim census equestrem Summam nummomm, vitioque remotus ab omni. — Tu nihil invita dices faciesve Minerva ; 385 Id tibi judicium est, ea mens : si quid tamen olim Scripseris, in Maeoi desoendat judiois auxes, Et patris, et nostras, nonumque prematur in annum, Membranis intus positis. Delere licebit, Quod non edideris : nescit vox missa reverti. x 390 Silvestres homines sacer interpresque Deorum Caedibus et viotu fedo deterruit Orpheus ; Diotus ob hoc lenire tigres rabidosque leones : Dictus et Amphion, Thebanae conditor urbis, Saxa movere sono testudinis, et prece blanda 395 Ducere quo vellet. Puit hBBO sapientia quondam, Publica privatis secernere, sacra profanis, Concubitu prohibere vago, dare jura maritis, Oppida moliri, leges incidere ligno. Sic honor et nomen divinis vatibus atque 400 Carminibus venit. Post hos insignis Homerus, Tyrtaeusque mares animos in Martia beUa Versibus exacuit. Diotae per carmina sortes, Et vitse monstrata via est, et gratia regum Pieiiis tentata modis, ludusque repertus, 405 Et longorum operam finis : ne forte pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sellers, et cantor ApoUg^^ Natura fieret laudabile carmen, an arte, - Quaesitum est : ego neo studium sine divite vena. Nee rude quid possit video ingenium ; alterius sic 416 Altera poscit opem res, et conjurat amice. EPISTOLA AD I'ISONES. i>5;j Qui studet optatam cursu contingere metam, Multa tulit feoitque puer, sudavit et alsit, Abstinuit Venere et vino. Qui Pythia oantat Tibicen, didicit prius, extimuitque magistrum. 415 Nee satis est dixisse : Ego mira poemata pango : Occupet extremum scabies ; mihi turpe relinqui est, Et, quod non didici, sane nescire fateri. Ut prseco, ad merces turbam qui cogit emendas, Assentatores jubet ad lucrum ire poeta 420 Dives agris, dives positis in fenoro nummis. Si vero est, unctunf^ui recte ponere possit, Et spondere levi pro paupere, et eripere atris Litibus inplicitum, mirabor si soiet inter- Noscere mendacem verumque beatus amicum. 425 Tu seu donaris, seu quid donare voles cui, NoHto ad versus tibi factos ducere plenum Lsetitise ; clamabit enim, Fulchre ! bene .' recte .' Pallescet super bis ; etiam stillabit amicis Ex oculis rorem, saliet, tundet pede terram, 4SJ Ut, quae conductee plorant in funere, dicunt Et faciunt prope plura dolentibus ex animo, sie Derisor vero plus laudatore movetur. E-eges dicuntur multis urguere culuUis, Et torquere mere, quern perspexisse laborant, 435 An sit amicitia dignus : si carmina condes, Nunquam te fallant animi sub vulpe latentes. Quinctilio si quid recitares, Corrige sodes ffoc, aiebat, et hoc. Melius te posse negares, Bis terque expertum frustra, delere jubebat, 440 Et male tomatos incudi reddere versus. Si defendere delictum, quam vertere, malles, NuUum ultra verbum aut operam insumebat inanem ; Quia sine rivali teque et tua solus amares. Vir bonus et prudens versus reprehendet inertes, 445 Culpabit duros, incomtis aUinet atrura 254 a. noEATii flacci epistola ad pisones Transverso calamo signum, ambitiosa recidet Omamenta, parmn olaris luoem dare coget, Arguet ambigue dictum, mutanda notabit, Fiet Aristarobus ; non dioet : Cur ego amicum 450 Offendam in nugis ? HsenugEe seria ducent In mala derisum semel exceptumque sinistre. TJt mala qaem scabies aut morbus regius urget, Aut fanaticus error, et iracunda Diana, Vesanum tetigisse timent fugiuntque joetam, 455 Qui sapiunt ; agitantpueri, incautique sequuntur Hio dum sublimis versus ructatur, et elf at. Si veluti merulis intentus decidit auceps In puteum foveamve, licet, Sticcwrrite, longum Clamet, io cives ! ne sit, qui toUere curet. 460 Si curet qnis opem ferre, et demittere funem, Qui scis, an prudens hue se projecerit, atque Servari nolit ? dicam, Siculique poStae Narrabo interitum. Deus immortalis haberi Dum cupit Empedocles, ardentem irigidus ^tnaiU' 465 Insiluit. Sit jus Uceatque perire poetis. Invitum qui servat, idem facit occidenti. Nee semel hoc fecit ; nee, si retractus erit, jam Fiet homo, et ponet famosse mortis amorem. Nee satis apparet, cur versus factitet ; utrum i70 Minxerit'in patrios cineres, an triste bidental Moverit inoestus : certe furit, ac velut ursus Objectos caveae valuit si frangere clatbros, Indoctum doctumque fugat recitator acerbus : Quem vero arripuit, tenet, occiditque legendo, 47fl Non missura cutem, nisi plena cruoris, birudo. EXPLANATORY NOTES. EXPLANATOEY NOTES. ODES. The word Ode (from the Greek ^S^) was not introduced into the Latin tongue nntil the third or fourth century of our era, and was then first used to denote any pieces of a lyric nature. The grammarians, perceiving that Horace had more than onoe used the word carmen to designate this kind of poetry, ventured to place it at the head of his odes, and their ex- ample has been followed by almost all succeeding editors. We have no very strong reason, however, to suppose that the poet himself ever in- tended this as a general title for his lyric productions. (Compare Les Poisies D' Horace^ par Sana4cn, vol. i., p. 6.) Ode I. Addressed to Maecenas, and intended probably by Horace as a dedication to him of part of his odes. It is generally thought that the poet collected together and presented on this occasion the first three hooks of his lyric pieces. Prom the complexion, however, of the last ode of the second hook, it would appear that the thii-d book was separately given to the world, and at a later period. The subject of the present ode is briefly this : The objects of human desire and pursuit are various. One man delights in the victor's prize at the public games, another in attaining to high political preferment, a thu'd in the pursuits of agriculture, &c. My chief aim is the successful culti- vation of lyric verse, in which if I shall obtain your applause, O Maecenas, my lot wiU be a happy one indeed. 1-2, 1. MeBcenas ata/oiSj Slo. "Mjncenas, descended from regal ances- tors." Caius Cilnitis Maecenas, who shared with Agrippa the favor and confidence of Augustus, and distinguished himself by his patronage of literary men, belonged to the Cilnian family,, and was descended from Elbius Volterrenus, one of the Lueumones, or ruling chieftains of Etruria. He is even said to have numbered Porsena among his more remote an- cestors. Compare Life, p. liii. — 2. O et presidium, &c. " O both my patron and sweet glory." The expression djiilce decus meum refers to the feeling of gratification entertained by the poet in having so illustrious a patron and friend. — The synaloepha is neglected in the commencement of this line, as it always is in the case of O, Heu, Ah, &c., sii^ce the voice is sustained and the hiatus prevented by the strong feeling which these inteqections are made to express. 3. Stmt, q-aos curricula, Sec. " There arff some, whom it delights to have collected the Olyinpio dust in the chariot-course," i. e., to have con- tended for the prize at the Olympic games. The Olympic, the chief of the Grecian games, are here put /car" i§ox^v for any games. TLe Olym- 358 EXPLANATORY NOTES. BOOK I., ODE I. pic games were celebrated at Olympia in BUs, on the banks of the Al- pheus, after an interval of four years, from the eleventh to the fifteenth of the month Hecatombieon, which corresponds nearly to oar July. They were celebrated in honor of Jove, and the crown which formed the prize was of wild olive {oleaeter, kotlvoq). The other gi-eat games were the Pythian, the prize, acrownof bay ; the JVemeoM, a crown of fresh parsley, and the Isthmian, firpt a crown of pine, then of withered parsley, and then again of pine. 4. Metaque fervidis, &c. " A.nd whom the goal, skillfnlly avoided by the glowing wheels." The principal part of the charioteer's skill was displayed in coming as near as possible to the meta, or goals. In the Roman circus, a low wall was erected which divided the Spatium, or race-ground, into two unequal parts. At each of its extremities, and res^ ing on hollow basements, were placed three pillars formed like cones ; these cones were properly called -metes; but the whole was often collect- ively termed in the singular meta. The chariots, after starting from tlje carceres, or barriers, where their station had been determined by lot, ran seven times around the low wall, or spina, as Cassiodorus calls it. The chief object, therefore, of the rival charioteers, was to get so near to the spina as to graze {evitare) the meta in turning. This, of coarse, would give the shortest space to iiin, and, if effected each heat, would ensure the victory. In the Greek hippodromes, the starting place and goal were each marked by a square pillar, and half way between these, was a third. 5-6. 5. Palmaque nobilis. "And the ennobling palm." Besides the crown, a palm-branch was presented to the conqueror at the Grecian games, as a general token of victory : this he carried in his hand. (Com- pare PausaniaSf via., 48.) — 6. Terrarum dominos. "The rulers of tlie world," referring simply to the gods, and not, as some explain the phrase, to the Roman people. 7-10. 7. Hunc. Understand Jiuvat. Hunc in this line, ilium in the 9th, and gaudentem in the 11th, dbnote, respectively, the ambitious E^pi- rant after popular favors, the eager speculator in grain, and the content- ed farmer. — 8. Certat tergeminis, &c. "Vie with each other in raising him to the highest offices in the state." Honoribus is here the dative, hy a Grascism, for ad honores. The epithet tergeminis is. equivalent merely to amplissimis, and not, as some think, to the three offices of Carule ^dlle, Prastor, and Consul. Observe, moreover, the poetic idiom in certat tollere, where the prose form of expression would be certat ut tollat, or certat ad tollendum. — 9. Ilium. Understand juuat. — 10. Libyds. One of the prin- cipal granaries of Rome was the fertile region adjacent to the Syrtis Minor, and called Byzacium or Emporiie. It fottned part of Africa Propria. Horace uses the epithet Libycis for Africis, in imitation of the Greek writers, with whom Libya {At(3v7j) was a general appellation for the en- tire continent of Africa. Other grain countries, on which Rome also re- lied for a supply, were Egypt and Sicily. — Areis. The ancient threshing- floor was a raised place in the field, open on all sides to the wind. 11-15. 11. Gaudentem. "While a third who delights." — Sarculo. " "With the hoe." Sarculum is for sarricuhtm, from sarrio. — 12. Attalicit EXPLANATORY NOTES. BOi)K I., ODE I. 259 con&Uionihus. " By offers of all the wealth of Attalus." Alluding to Atta- tas m., the last king of Pergamus, famed for his riches, which he hequeath- ed, together with his kingdom, to the Roman people. — 13. Trdbe Cypria. The epithet " Cyprian" seems to allude here not so much to the commerce of the island, extensive as it was, as to the excellent quality of its naval timber. The poet, it will be perceived, uses the expressions Cypria^ Myrtoum, Xcariis, Africum, Massici, &c. kqt' ^^axvVt for any ship, any eea, any waves, &c. — li. Myrtoum. The MyrtoattSea was a part of the Mgean, extending from the promontoiy of CarystuSj at the southeastern extremity of Eubcea, to the promontory of Malea in Laconia, and there* fore lying off Attica, Argolis, and the eastern coast of Laconia. It reach- ed eastward as far as the Cyclades. The name was derived from the small island of jtf^r^os near Eqboaa. — Pavidus nauta, "Becoming a timid mariner." — 15. IcaHis fiuctibus. The Icariau Sea was part of the ^gean, between and also to the south of loaria and Samos. It derived its name, as the ancient mythologists pretend, from Icarus, the son of Dsedalus, who. according to them, fell into it and was drowned, when accompanying his father in his flight from the island of Crete. — Africiim. The wind Africus denotes, in strictness, the "west-southwest." In translating the text, it will be sufBcient to render it by " southwest." It derived its name from the circumstance of its coming in the direction of Africa Propria. 16-19, 16. Mercator. The ikferca^ores, among the Romans, were thoso who, remaining only a short time in any place, visited many countries, and were almost constantly occupied with the exportation or importation of merchandise. The Negotiatorest on the other hand, generally con- tinued for some length of time in a place, whether at Rome or in the provinces. — Metuens. "As long as he dreads." Equivalent to dum metuit, — OHum et oppidi, Sec. "Praises a retired life, and the rural scenery around his native place." OrelH, less correctly, joins in construc- tion oppidi sui otium et rura. Acidalius [ad Veil. Paterc.) conjectures tTtia for rura, which Bentley adopts. But the received reading is eveiy way superior. — 18. Pauperiem. " Contracted means." Horace and the best Latin writers understand by pauperies and paupertaSf not absolute poverty, which is properly expressed by egestas, but a state in which we are deprived indeed of the comforts, and yet possess, in some degree, the necessaries of life. — 19. Massici. Of the Roman wines, the best growths are styled indiscriminately Massicum and Falernum (vinum). The Massic wine derived its name from the vineyards of Mons Massieus, now Monte MassicOj near the ancient Sinaessa. Consult Excursus VIII. 20-21. 20. Partem solido, &.C. Upon the increase of riches, the Romans deferred the ccena, which used to be their mid-day meal, to the ninth hour (oi three o'clock afternoon) in summer, and the tenth hour in winter, taking on,y a slight repast {prandium) at noon. Nearly the whole of the natural day was therefore devoted to affairs of business, or serious employment, and was called, in consequence, dies solidus. Hence the voluptuary, who begins to quaff the old Massic before the accustomed hour, is said "to take away a part from the solid day," or from the period devoted to more active pursuits, and expend it on his pleasures. This is what the poet, on another occasion (Ode 2, 6, 7) calls "breaking the lingermg day with wine," diem, morantemfrangerc mero. Wolf, less correctly, uuderstanda 260 EXPLANATORY NOTES, BOOK I,, ODE I. by the words of the text, the taking of an afternoon elee-p.—Memhra stratus. Consult Zumpt, $ 458. — 21. Arlmto. The arbutus (or arbuium is the arbnte, or wild strawberry-ti-ee, corresponding to the Kdfiapog of the Greeks, the wnedo of Pliny, and the Arbutus unedo of Linnaeus, class 10. The fruit itself is called KOfiapov, fZEfiatKvXov, or fj.L/ialKv2,ov [Atkeneeus, 2, 35), and in Latin arbuium. It resembles our strawberry very closely, except that it is larg^, and has no seeds on the outside of the pulp like that fruit. 22-28. 22. Aqua lene caput sacra. "The gently-mormuring source of some sacred stream." The fountain-heads of streams were supposed to be the residence of the river-deity, and hence were always held sacred. Fountains generally were sacred to the nymphs and rural divinities. Compare Jacob, Qucest. Epic, p. 13, seq. — 23. Et lituo tuba, Sec. "And the sound of the trumpet intermingled with the notes of the clarion." The tuba was straight, and used for infantry ; the lituus was bent a little at the end, like the augur's staff, and was used for the cavalry : it had the harsher sound. — 25. Detestata. " Held in detestation." Taken passively Compare abominaius, ia. EpoA. xvi., 8. — Manet. "Passes the night' Equivalent to pernoctat. Compare Sat.^ ii., 3, 234. — Sub Jove frigido. " Beneath the cold sky." Jupiter is here taken figuratively for the higher regions of the air. Compare the Greek phrase ^tto Lloq. — Catulis. The dative by a Gr^cism for a catulis. Scheller and others erroneously un< derstand this of the young of the deer.-— 28. Teretes. "Well- wrought.' The epithet teres here conveys the idea of something smooth and round, and therefore refers properly to the cords or strands of the net, as being smooth, and round, and tapering, and forming, therefore, a well-wrought net. Orelli adopts the same general idea, renderh^^J^tes hy festge- dreht, " strong- twisted," i. e., ex funiculis complicatis et contortis con- nextB. — Marsus. "Wat Marsicus. The mountainous country of the Mars' in Italy, abounded with wild boars of the fiercest kind. 29-34. 29. Me doctarum, &c. Croft conjectured Te in place of me, an emendation first made known by Hare, and subsequently approved of by Bentley, Sanadon, Markland, Fea, Wolf, and others. The main argu- ment in its favor is the antithesis which it produces. But the common reading is well explained and defended by Orelli. — Ederts. " Ivy-crowns." The species of ivy here alluded to is the Edera nigra, sacred to Bacchus, and hence styled Atovvcta by the Greeks. It is the Edera poetica of Bauhin. Servins says that poets were crowned with ivy, because the poetic " furor" resembled that of the Bacchanalians. — Doctarum pramia frontium. Poets are called docti, "learned," in accordance with Grecian usage : hoidoi aotftol. — 30. Vis misceait superis. " Raise to the converse of the gods above." Literally, "mingle with the gods above,'' i. e., raise to a level with them ; raise to the high heavens. Compare the explana- tion of Ddring, " Corona ederacea cinctus deorum admittor concilia." — 33. Euterpe cohibety &:c. Euterpe and Polyhymnia, two of the muses, are hero very appropriately introduced. Euterpe plays on the irlfrio^-Polyhymnia ac- companies her voice with the lyre; hence both are naturally invoked by the lyric poet.-r-34. Lcsboum refugit, &c. ." Refuses to touch the Lesbiai lyre." The lyre is called "Lesbian" in allusion to Sappho and Alcseni^ both natives of Lesbos, and both. famed for their lyric productions. EXPLANATORY NOTES. BOOK I., ODE II. 261 Ode II. Octavianus assumed his new title of Augustus on the 17th of January (xvi. Cal. Febr.), A.U.C. 727. On the following: night Rome was visited by a severe tempest, and an inundation of the Tiber. Tho present ode was written in allusion to that event. The poet, regarding the visitation as a mark of divine displeasure, proceeds to inquire on what deity they are to call for succor. Who is to free the Romans from the pollution occasioned by their civil strife? Is it Apollo, god of prophecy? Or Venus, parent of Rome ? Or Mai's, founder of the Roman line ? Or Mercury, messenger of the skies 7 — It is the last, the avenger of CaBaar,tbe deity who shrouds his godhead beneath the person of Augustus. He alone, if heaven spare him to the earth, can restore to us the favor of Jove, and na- tional prosperity. — Many of the old commentators refer the subject of this ode to the prodigies that occurred on the death of Julius CsESar, and, some modern scholars have adopted the same idea; but this is decidedly inferior. 1-4. 1. Terris. A Graecism for in terras. — Nivis. It was not the snow itself that formed the prodigy, but the heavy fall of it, and the violence of the accompanying storm. Snow may be an unusual visitant at the present day in central Italy, but it does not appear to have been so in the time of Horace. Consult the remarks of Artiold on this subject. Hist, of Rome, vol. i., p. 499, seqq. — Dircs grandinis. Every thing sent by the wrath of the gods {dei ira) was termed dirum. — 2. Pater. "The Father of gods andmen." Jupiter. Har-^piivdpcJVTE^euvTe. — Ruhente dextera. "With his red right hand." Red with the reflected glare of the thunderbolt : an idea very probably borrowed from some ancieut painting. — 3. Sacras areas. " The sacred summits (of the temples}." The lightning struck the Capitol containing the temples of Jupiter, Minerva, and Juno. It is unusual to find jaculari with the accusative of the thing that is struck. Compare, however, Od., iii., 12, 11, " Jaculari cervos." — 4. Urhem. " The city," i. e., Rome. Compare Q,uintiUan (8, 2), " Urhem Roma-m. accipimus." 5-10. 5. Gentes. Understand imewfes. "He has terrified the nations, fearing lest," &c. Analogous to the Greek idiom, kt^ofSrjaE fiij. — 6. S(E- culiim PyrrhcB. Alluding to the deluge of Deucalion in Thessaly, when, according to the legend, Deucalion and his spouse Pyrrha were the only mortals that were saved. — Nova Tnonstra. "Strange prodigies," ■ e. c, wonders before unseen. — 7. Proteus. A sea-deity, son of Oceanus aud Tethys, gifted with prophecy and the power of assuming any form at pleasure. His fabled employment was to keep " the flocks" of Neptune, i.e., the phocee, or seals. — 8. Visere. A Graecism for ctZ visendum. — 10. Pa- lumbis. The common reading is columbis, but the true one is palumbis. The " palumhsB," or " wood-pigeons," construct their nests on the branch- es and in the hollows of trees ; the columba, or " doves," are kept in dove- cots. It is idle to say, in opposition to this, that columbts is the generic name. 13-16. 13. Flavum Tiberim. "The yellow Tiber." A recent travel- ler remarks, with regard to this epithet of the Tiber ; " Yellow is an ex- ceedingly undescriptive translation of that tawny color,' that mixture of red, brown, gray, and yellow, which should answer tojlavus here ; but I may not deviate from the established phrase, nor do I know a better." \Rome in the Nineteenth Ceniury, vol. i., p. 84.) — Retortis. "Being htitrl 262 EXPLANATORY NOTES. BOOK I., ODE II. ed back." — 1 4. Litore Etrusco. The violence of the stonn forced the waved of the Tiber from the upper oi* Tuscan shore, and caused an inundation on the lower bank, or left side of the river, where Rome was situated. Some make litore Etrusco refer to the sea-coast, and suppose that the violence of the storm drove back the waters of the Tiber from the mouth of the river, and that this retrocession caused the inundation spoken of. Oav explanation, however, suits the context better, and especially the **sinis- tra labitur ripa" in line 18, seq. — 15. Monumenta regis. " The venerated memorial of King; Numa." Observe the force of the plm'al in monumenta^ which we have ventured to express by an epithet. The allusion is to the palace of Numa, which, according to Plutarch, stood in the immediate vicinity of the Temple of Vesta, and was ^stinct from his other residence on the auirinal Hill. ' [Plut., Vit. Num., c. 14.)— 16. Vesta, What made the omen a peculiarly alarming one was, that the sacred fire was kept in this temple, on the preservation of which the safety of the empire was supposed in a great measure to depend. If a vestal virgin allowed the sacred fire to be extinguished, she was scourged by the Poutifex Maxi- mas. Such an accident was always esteemed most unlucky, and expiated by offdl'ing extraordinary sacrifices. The fire was lighte.d up again, not from another fire, but from the rays of the sun, in which manner it was renewed every year on the first of March, that day being anciently the be- ginning of the year. 17-19. 17. Ilia dum se, &c. " While the god of the stream, lending too ready an ear to his spouse, proudly shows himself an avenger to the too complaining Ilia." We have followed Orelli in joining nimium with querenti. It may also be taken with ultorem, " an intemperate avenger," but the collocation of the words seems to be more in favor of the former, as Orelli correctly remarks. The allusion is to Ilia or Ilea Silvia, the mother of Romulus and Remus, and the ancestress of Julius GEesar, whose, assas- sination she is here represented as making the subject of too prolonged a complaint, since the expiatory sufferings of Rome bad already been suffi- ciently severe. Ancient authorities differ in relation to her fate. Ennias, cited by Porphyrion in his scholia on this ode, makes her to have been cast into the Tiber, previously to which she had become the bride of the Anio. Horace, on the contrary, speaks of her as having married the god of the Tiber, which he here designates as uxorius amnis. Servius {ad urfEtt., 1, 274) alludes to this version of , the fable, as adopted by Horace and others. Acron also, in his scholia on the present passage, speaks of Ilia as having married the god of the Tiber. According to the account which he gives, Hia was buried on the banks of the Anio, and the river, having overflowed its borders, carried her remains down to the Tiber; hence she was said to have espoused the deity of the last-mentioned stream. It may not be improper to add here a remark of Niebuhr's in relation to the name of this female. " The reading Rhea" observes the historian, "is a corruption introduced by the editors, who very unseason- ably bethought themselves of the goddess : rea seems only to have signi- fied 'the culprit,' or *the guilty woman:' it reminds us of rea fetnina, which often occurs, particularly in Boccacio." {Niebukr's Roman His- tory^ vol. i., p. 176, Camhr. transl:) — 19. Jove non probante. Jupiter did ■flot approve that the Tiber should undertalce to avenge the death of Ctesar, a task which he had reserved for Augustus. EXPLANATORY NOTES. BOOK I., ODE II. 263 SS-27. 22. Graves Peraa. "The formidable Parthians." Compare, as regards the force oi gravis, the similar employment of (Sapig in Qreek. rhns Alexander is called Papbg Hipaaiai. ( Theocrit., xvii., 1 9.) — Persa. Horace frequently uses the terms Medi and Persce to denote the Parthians The Median preceded the Persian power, which, after the interval of the Grecian dominion, was succeeded by the Parthian empire. The epithet graves alludes to the defeat of Crassus, and the check of Marc Antony. — Perirent, For perituri fuissent. [Z^mpt, J 525.) — 23. Vitio parentum rara inventus. " Posterity thinned through the guilt of their fathers." Alluding to the sanguinary conflicts of the civil contest. — 25. Vocet. For invocA. — Huentis imperi rebus. " To the affairs of the falling empire." i2eJws by a GrEecism for cd res. — 26. Preccqua. " By what supplications." — 27. Virgines Sanctis. Alluding to the vestal virgins. — Minus audientem carmina. " Less favorably hearing their solemn prayers." Carmen is frequently used to denote any set foim of words either in prose or verse. The reference here is to prayers and supplications, repeated day after day, and constituting so many set forms of the B/oman ritual. As Julius C:£sar was Pontifex Maximus at the time of his death, he was also, by virtue of his office, priest of Vesta ; it being particularly incumbent on the Pontifex Maximus to exercise a superintending control over the rites of that god deas. Hence the anger of the goddess toward the Romans on account of Gssar's death. 89-39. 29. Paries scelus expiandi. " The task of expiating our guilt." Scelus refers to the crimes and excesses of the civil conflict. They whcf were polluted by the stain of human blood were excluded from all partici- pation in the sacred rites until proper atonement had been made. This atonement in the present case is to consist, not in punishing the slayers of Caesar, which had already been done, but in placing the state once more on the firm basis of peace and concord. As this seemed too great a task for a mere mortal, the aid of the gods is solicited. (Gesner, ad Zoc.)— 31. Nube candentes, &c. " Having thy bright shoulders shrouded with a cloud." The gods, when they were pleased to manifest themselves to mortal eye, were generally, in poetiq imagery, clothed with clouds, in order to hide from mortal gaze the excessive splendorof their presence. — Augur Apollo. "Apollo, god of-prophecy." — 33. Erycina ridens. "Smiling goddess of Eryx." ■Venus,*o called from her temple on Mount Eryx in Sicily. — 34. Quam Jocus circum, &o. " Around whom hover Mirth and Love." — 36. Respicis. "Thou again beholdest with a favoring eye." When the gods turned their eyes toward their worshippers, it was a sign o' favor; when they averted them, of displeasure. — Auctor. "Founder of the Roman line." Addressed to Mars as the reputed father of Komalus and Remus. 39. Marsi. The MSS. have Maui-i, for which Faber conjectured Marsi, and this last has been adopted by Dacier, Bentley, Cunningham, Sana- don, and others. T^e people of Mauretania were never remarkable for their valor, and their cavalry, besides, were always decidedly superior to their infantry. The Marsi, on the other hand, vi'ere reputed to have been •me of the most valiant nations of Italy. The modem German editors have generally retained Mauri, and give peditis the meaning of " dismounted," making the allusion to be to the defeat of Juba at Thapsns. This, how ever, is extremely unsatisfactory. — Cruentum. This epithet beantiiully describes the foe, as transfixed by the weapon of the Marsian, and "wel tering in his blood." 264 EXPLANATOEY NOTES. BOOK I., ODE III. 41-51. 41. Sive mufatot &c. " Or if, winged son of the benign Maia, having changed thy form, thou assumest that of a youthful hero on tha' earth." Mercury, the offspring of Jupiter and Maia, is here addressed. The epithet " winged" haa reference to the pecuUar mode in which Mer- cury or Hermes was represented in ancient works of art, namely, with wings attached to his petaaus, or travelling hat, and tdso to his staff and sandals. — Juvenem. Referring to Augustus. He was now, indeed, thirty- six years of age; but the tQYra. jui^nis applies to all in the bloom and .likewise prime of life ; in other words, it coitiprehended the whole period from eighteen to forty or forty-iive. — 43. Patiens vocari, &c. "Suffering thyself to be called the avenger erf Caesar." An imitation of the Greek idiom, for te vocari Casaris ultorem. — 46. Ltstus. "Propitious." — 47. 7nt- quum. "Offended at." — 48. Odor aura. "Too early a blast." Supply rectO'. More freely, "an untimely blast." The poet prays that the de- parture of Augustus for the skies may not be accelerated by the crimes and vices of his people. — 49. Magnos triumphos. Augustus, in the month of August, A.U.C. 725, triumphed for three days in succession : on the iirat day over the Pannonians, Dalmatians, lapyda, and their neighbors, to- gether with some Gallic and Germanic tribes ; on the second day, for the victory at Aotium ; on the third, for the reduction ofEgypt.^ The successea over the Gauls and Germans had been obtained for him by his lieutenant, 0. Carinas. — 50, Pater atque Pi-inceps. Augustus is frequently styled on medals, Pater Pairi(B, a title which the succeeding emperors adopted from him. — 51. Medos. "The eastern nations." Alluding particularly to the Parthiana. Compare note online 22 of this Ode. — EquitcvreinuUos. "To transgress their limits with impunity." To make unpunished inroads into the Roman territory. The main strength of the Farthians lay in their cavalry. Hence the peculiar propriety of equitare. Ode III. Addressed to the ship which was about to convey Virgil to the shores of Greece. The poet prays that the voyage may be a safe and propitious one : alarmed, however, at the same time, by the idea of the dangers which threaten his friend, he declaims against the inventor of navigation, and the daring boldness of mankind in general. — ^Accordingto Heyne [Virgilii vita per annos digesta), this ode would appear to have been written A.U.C. 735, when, as Douatus states, the l^ard of Mantua had determined to retire to Greece and Asia, and employ there the space of three years in correcting and completing the .^neid. {Donat., Virg. vit. § 51.) " Anno ifero quinquagesimo secundo" observes Donatua, "ut ultimam manum ^Tteidi imponeret^ statuit in Grceciam et Asiam sees- dere, triennioque continito omnem operant limationi dare^ ut reliqiia vzta tantvm pMlosophice vacai-et. Sed cum ingressus iter Athenisoccurrissd Augusto, ah Oriente Romam reverienti, una cum Ceesare redire statuU. Ac cum Megara, vicinum Atkenis oppidum, visendi gratia pet&ret, languo- rem nactus est .• quern non intermissa navigatio auadt, ita ut gravior in dies, tandem Brundisium adventarit, ubi diebuspaucis obiit, X. Kal. Oe- tobr. C. SentiOf Q. Lucretio Coss. 1-4. 1. Sic te Dwa,pqtens Cypri^ &c. "O Ship, that owest to the Bhovos of Attica, Virgil intrusted by us to thy care, give him up in safety I'to liis destined haven), and preserve the one half Of my soul, so may the EXPLANATORY NOTES. BOOK I., ODE III. 265 goddess who rales over Cyprus, so may the brothers of Helen, bright lu- rainaries, and the father of the winds direct thy course, all others being confined except lapyx." Observe that sic, in such constructions as the present, becomes a conditional form of wishing : " if you do as I wish you to do, so {i. c, in that event) may such or snob a result happen unto you." Here, however, in order to render it more forcible, the conditional sic is placed first, which cannot, of course, be imitated in translating. — Diva potens Cypri. Venus. From her power over the sea, she was invoked by the Cnldians, as Et/jr^Oia, the dispenser of favorable voyages. (Pau- san., i., 14.) — 2. Fratres Helenm. Castor and Pollux. It was the partic- ular office of " the brothers of Helen" to bring aid to mariners in tiine of danger. They were identified by the ahcients with those luminous ap- pearances, resembling balls of fire, which are seen on the masts and yards of vessels before and after storms. — Z. Ventorum patar. iBolas. The isl- and in which he was fabled to have reigned was Strongyle, the modem Stroinboli. — 4. Ohstrictis aliis. An allusion to the Homeric fable of Ulysses and his bag of adverse winds. — lapyga. The west-northwest. It received its name from lapygia, in Lower Italy, which country lay partly in the line of its direction. It was the most favorable wind for sail- ing fh)m Brundisium toward the southern parts of Greece, the vessel hav- ing, in the course of her voyage to Attica, to double the promontories of Tffinarus and Malea. — Animce dimidiuTn m&s. A fond and frequent ex- pression to denote intimate friendship. Thus the old scholiast remarks, iiXia iOTi Ida ijwx^ iv dvolv c6/iaaiv. 9-15. 9. nii robur el x, &c. The passage may "be paraphrased as follows : " Soon will the night of the grave descend upon thee, and the manes of fable crowd around, and the shadowy home of Pluto become also thine own." The zeugma in the verb premo, hy which it is made to as- sume anew meaning in each clause of the sentence, is worthy of notice. By the manes of fable are meant the shades of the departed, often made the theme of the wildest fictions of poetry. Observe th&t fabules is not the genitive here, but the nominative plural, and equivalent to fabulosi. Compare Callimachusy Epigr.^ xiv., 3 : Ti d^ IlXoiirwv ; M-vOog: andPer- siuSt Sat., v., 153 : " Cinis et manes et ftdmlajies." 17-18. 17. Simul. For Simul ac.-^18. Talis. This may either be the adjective, or else the ablative plural of talus. If the former, the meaning of the passage will be, " Thou shalt neither cast lots for the sovereignty of such wine as we have here, nor," &c. ; whereas if talis be regarded as a noun, the interpretation will be, " Thou shalt neither cast lots with the dice for the sovereignity of wine, nor," &c. This latter mode of rendering the passage is the more usual one, but the other is certainly more anima- ted and poetical, and more in accordance, too, with the very early and curious belief of the Greeks and Romans in relation to a future slate. They believed that the souls of the departed, with the exception of those who had offended against the majesty of the gods^ were occupied in the lower world with the unreal performance of the same actions which had Ibrmed their chief object of pursuit in the regions of day. Thus, the friend jf Horace will still quaff his wine in the shades, but the cup and its con- vents will be, like their possessor, a shadow and a dream: it will not be