Albert K. Mann Libr^ary Cornell LlNivERsmr CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 089 430 007 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924089430007 CONGRSSSIONAI. MAP OF TX Showing the complete Eailroad System, Water Courses, Land Districts, Boundary of Congressional Districts, Geographical Centres, and Ce: ,2 ii LoDgitnde West from Washington! Ql^ 'XXI XX XIX,-. xviir_xvii _xvj XV XIV xjii _x]i xi.jL. IX. 351 I _ I ir^djj^F^ J \ r xLiirxLu' xu ' XL 'xxxlx'*ixxviirxxlmi xWr^hixxT* XXXIV- xxxiii xxxii -xxx-rTxx -xxirtlvF^lxvii'irxr m-™v-'^-xii^-TxirW-^!x-^^^ 'Rarid, IvrcWal lyjf Co., MePlierson ^t!" 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Matlifeld GreeV >, "W'^J Thiirman — J ^ \/ I BurllnetonT^ /Lena Valley" pl^s;^ ""~^^vE^Eno_Fal]j HowaMCUj /I \ 't^^r., i 'rtGoo-d'riohl <| 'Vfe4j[i''i20 Ung Post '« Mills' .olonyij. ^^^Eiijitetl MouaJCitjj'gl -- j22 -F= ^•^^"^J^-l^-^^l Clffd U „(^^^i2* -3S Bw^f^^tAYTL'^^^b^JErjK ■-/ ■Tf- ' ' IMoilf'Td EaJitouO , \^°l/ I \m joi'red^ila Vi\ /"PT^ J 1/ atoona'T c /New;J;^Mi i ntr mnntowil \ .U RiBX»\jJ vaUville J j xUrbana*- 'H Ui ejler, t'la ,'c/RjAP'Va /Neodcshajj-/ \^ ^*~" *'^| liadort^c-^ u w ifr'Ti'' ^» *' *» irt" 5rrr \ T ^M%- ^m \ ^^j^idependencei IX x n XII IdNT 111 \ Labette^ 'Mount -d Valley \ Oswec :S E~iI^T EU'Val VjnttfoaX' I cj /sHermaA City; Uiix* x* xvi M xviii "xix: """ "xi xxii xiiii xxiv xxv 96 CENTENNIAL EDITION ■OF THE — FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT State Board of Agriculture LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF KANSAS, For the Year Ending November 30, 1875, COMPILED FROM THE 0RI8INAL REPORT BY THE STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS, Ab required by an Act to provide for a Second Edition of the Fourth Annual Report of the State Board of Agriculture, approved March 4, 1876. ' ILLUSTRATED. EMBRACING STATISTICAL EXHIBITS, WITH DIAGRAMS, IN COLORS, OF THE AGRI- CULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, MERCANTILE, AND OTHER INTERESTS OF THE STATE, TOGETHER WITH A COLORED OUTLINE MAP OF THE STATE, SHOWING CONGRESSIONAL AND LAND DISTRICTS, AND SEC- TIONAL MAPS, IN COLORS, OF EACH ORGANIZED COUNTY, SHOWING THEIR RELATIVE SIZE AND LOCATION, RAILROADS, RAILROAD AND PUBLIC LANDS, TOWNS, SCHOOL HOUSES, WATER- POWERS, ETC., ETC. GEO, W. MARTIN, PUBLIC PRINTER. 1876. Officers aM lemliers of the State ifoaril of Agricultnre President GEORGE T. ANTHONY Leavenworth. Vice-President GEO. W. GLIOK ..- Atchison. Treasurer J. C . WILSON Topeka. Secretary ALFRED GRAY Topeka. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. THOMAS A. OSBORNE, Governor 1 p^ ^^ . THOS. H. CAVANAUGH, Secretary of State f -^^ "^''^''■ JOSHUA WHEELER Pardee Atchison County. 0. S. BRODBENT Wellington Sumner County. S. J. CARTER Burlington Coffey County. 1. O. SAVAGE _ Bellvillb Republic Cotmiy. L. WILSON Leavenworth ..Leavenworth County. W. P. POPENOE ___T0PEKA Shawnee County. S. T. KELSEY Hutchinson .Reno County. R. W. JENKINS Vienna.- __. Pottawatomie County. JOHN KELLY Wichita Sedgwick County. O. D. HARMON Cady Linn County. OFFICERS BY APPOINTMENT. Geologist . _ B. E. MUDGE Manhattan. Entomologist.- ...E. A. POPENOE Topeka. Meteorologist Prop. PRANK H. SNOW Lawrence. (Professor of Natural History and Meteorology, State University.) Botanist-- Prof. JAMES H. CARRUTH Lawrence. Chemist Prof. W. K. KBDZIE-.. Manhattan. (Professor of Chemistry, State Agricultural College.) Signal Service Com FRANK H. SNOW Lawrence. B. F. MUDGE Manhattan. J. H. CARRUTH Lawrence. Taxidermist.- O. S. GEORGE Topeka. Officers and lemliers of tie State Board of Centennial Managers, President GEO. T. ANTHONY Leavenworth. Vice-President W. L. PARKINSON Ottawa. Secretary ALFRED GRAY ...Topeka. Treasurer GEO. W. GLICK Atchison. MANAGERS. JOHN A. MARTIN Atchison. GEO. A. CRAWFORD Fort Scott. E. P. BANCROFT Emporia. C. P. KOESTER -.Ma/rysviae. T. C. HENRY Salina. R. W. WRIGHT ..Oswego. W. E. BARNES VirUand. Office of thb State Board op Ageicultitee, ) Capitol Building, Topbka, Nov. 30, 1875. ) * To the Governor of the State of Kansas : We have the honor to transmit herewith the revised edition of the Annual Report of the Transactions of the State Board of Agriculture for the year IS'ZS, in pursuance of " An Act to provide for a second edition of the Fourth Annual Report of the State Board of Agriculture," approved March 4, 1876. ^ Very respectfully. Alfred Geay, Secretary. GEO. T. ANTHONY, President. FACTS IN RELATION TO KANSAS. THE TESTIMONY OF IMPARTIAL OBSERVERS. By Dahiel W. Wildeb. Thb birth and growth of an American State is one of the most remarkable events which men in our day have the opportunity of seeing pass before them. A large tract of country is this year destitute of dwelling houses, of cultivated fields, of fixed inhabitants ; Indians wander over it, but do not leave a single trace of having made a home or subdued the soil — of having changed the face of nature. Ten years hence, this desolate waste has become the home of thou- sands of people, coming from every State of the American Union, from the terri- tory of every European power. During the present century, this grand drama has been enacted on the scene, extending from Pittsburgh to Topeka, from the Lakes to the Gulf ; and millions of men have transformed the hunting grotind of the savage into the home of the civilized and contented European. To unfold this drama is to exhibit the heart and the power of the American nation. But these facts have become so familiar to us in the West, that they no longer attract attention ; the recital of them has even become distasteful and unpleasant. The most frigid statement of the marvelous growth and develop- ment of the West, of a State like Kansas, is stigmatized as Fourth of July ora- tory, and spread-eagle eloquence. The miracle remains, however, no matter how cold the spectator. The success of the Republic has been caused by the success of the new States. We grow because the laws are fair andf just, because the land is cheap, and the climate good. And our growth in the past will be far transcended by the growth of the future. There is no other American Republic left to go to. There is a limit to the area of good land in healthful climates. Those States are grandest, proudest, worthiest, best, which are born of a prin- ciple, whether religious, moral or political. The world will never tire of listening to the story of John Carver, Roger Williams, Lord Baltimore, William Penn, and John Brown. In after ages, the States of these men attract the students of history; during their development, the best thought of the world is on their side. In her Territorial days, Kansas was visited by Greeley, and Seward, and Lincoln, and other eminent men, who had made her cause their own, because it was the cause of mankind. The pens of the poets made our songs, and the most sacred desks pro- claimed the religious duty of consecrating Kansas to freedom. The hymns and prayers which, cheered the child in its cradle, will ring for.ever in the ears of matured manhood, and blossom into deeds of virtuous courage and magnanimity. The soil of Kansas was first trodden upon by Europeans, in the winter of 1541-2. the expedition was led by Goronado, from Mexico. At the same time Alarcon led an expedition, by sea, from Mexico to the North, and penetrated California. Con- temporary with these explorers was the expedition of another Spaniard, De Soto, 6 State Board of Agriculture. from Florida, through Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and into Arkansas. His line came near reaching Coronado's, and thus making a complete overland exploration, by Spaniards, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Coronado marched through Kansas from south to north. His general direction may now be indicated by a line drawn from the southern boundary of our State, in Barbour county, to the northern boun- dary, in Nemaha county. The Arkansas river was seen by Coronado and De Soto, and the Kansas by Coronado, before any white man had seen the Missouri. Our sister Slate on the east abolished slavery and established free schools after Kansas had done so. We were older, and easily took the lead. In 1673, Father Marquette, a Frenchman, descended the Mississippi. In 1682, La Salle descended that river, took formal possession of it for the King of France, and gave it the name of Louisiana, in honor of Louis XIV. The first Frenchman who visited Kansas was Dutisne, who was sent from New Orleans, in 1719. His route would now be marked by a line through Linn and Davis counties, and then westward, until he had traversed two-thirds of the State. There he erected a cross, with the arms of the King of France, September 27, 1719. His line of march crossed Coronado's near Fort Riley. Take a map of the United States, place its eastern and western edges together, and fold it ; then double it from north to south ; open the map ; the folds have crossed each other near Fort Riley. Do it yourself, and you will know that Kansas is the centre and heart of America. It is a curious coincidence, that the routes of the first explorers and the folds made by the map all cross at the same point. The centre of Kansas is southwest of this point, in Rice county. In 1763 France ceded Louisiana to Spain. St. Louis was founded by the French in 1764. In 1800, Spain retroceded Louisiana to France. In 1803, President JeflEerson bought Louisiana of Napoleon. The Province of Louisiana included nearly all of Kansas, and comprised 1,160,577 square miles. The whole domain of the original thirteen colonies was only 820,680 square miles. The whole amount paid to France by the United States, in principal and interest, was more than $33,500,000. In 1804, Kansas became a part of the District of Louisiana. In that year the ex- pedition of Lewis and Clarke left St. Louis. Laws for this district were made by William H. Harrison, the Governor of Indiana Territory (and afterwards President), acting with the Judges of that Territory. In 1805, Congress changed the District of Louisiana to the Territory of Louisiana, still embracing Missouri and Kansas. In 1811, the Ohio river received its first steamboat. In 1813, the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the Territory of Louisiana was changed to the Territory of Missouri. In 1819, by a treaty with Spain, the western boundary of theLouisiana Purchase was adjusted. That part of the present State of Kansas lying west of the twenty- third meridian (100th, Greenwich), and south of the Arkansas river, did not form a part of Louisiana, but was acquired from Mexico. It contains 7,776 square miles. The first steamboat ascended the Missouri in 1819. In 1830, Congress passed an act enabling the people of Missouri Territory to become a State, and prohibiting slavery in all of the Louisiana Purchase which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude. The next year Missouri entered the Union as a slave State. St. Louis then had less than 5,000 people. In 1823, the first wagon train from Missouri to Santa Fe passed through Kansas. This was the beginning of the commerce of the plains. In addition to her native Indian tribes, Indians of Eastern States were given reservations in Kansas. This policy was followed by the Government until 1854> Fourth Annual Report. ■when the policy began which has sent them all away. Until the year last named, the only white residents of Kansas were those connected with Indian Missions, or traders with Indians, or white persons, usually French, who had maiTied Indians and adopted their mode of life. The three classes combined, probably did not number more than one hundred and fifty persons. The "Santa Fe Trail," a wagon road from Missouri to New Mexico, was estab- lished by Maj . Sibley, under an act of Congress, in 1825. Fort Leavenworth was established in 1827. The Baptist Shawnee Mission, near Wyandotte, was estab- lished in 1831. The Methodist Shawnee Mission dates from 1832, and the Friends' from 1833. In the autumn of 1832, Washington Irving visited Kansas. He came up the Missouri river and passed down the Kansas border as far as Fort Gibson. His im- pressions of Kansas and that part of the Arkansas valley immediately south of Kansas, are delightfully given in the sketch called " A Tour on the Prairies." Of this "vast tract of uninhabited country," he says : "It consists of great grassy plains, interspersed with forests and groves, and clumps of trees, and watered by the Arkansas, the grand Canadian, the Red river, and their tributary streams. Over these fertile and verdant wastes still roam the elk, the buftklo and the wild horse, in all their native freedom." * * * "After resuming our march, we came in sight of the Arkansas. It presented a broad and rapid stream, bordered by a beach of fine sand, overgrown with willows and Cot- tonwood trees. Beyond the river, the eye wandered over a beautiful champaign country, of flowery plains and sloping uplands, diversified by groves and clumps of trees, and long screens of woodland ; the whole wearing the aspect of complete, and even, of ornamental cultivation, instead of native wildness." Still ascending the Arkansas, our classic author leaves us another picture : " We were overshadowed by lofty trees, with straight, smooth trunks, like stately columns ; and as the glancing rays of the sun shone through the transparent leaves, tinted with the many-colored hues of autumn, I was reminded of the efiect of sun- shine among the stained windows and clustering columns of a Gothic cathedral. Indeed, there is a grandeur and solemnity in our spacious forests of the West, that awaken in me the same feeling I have experienced in those vast and venerable piles, and the sound of the wind sweeping through them, supplies, occasionally, the deep breathings of the organ." A few more sentences from Irving must suffice. Were they written now, the author might be charged with personal motives, and a desire to sell land : " It was a bright, sunny morning, with a pure, transparent atmosphere, that seemed to bathe the very heart with gladness. Our march continued parallel to the Arkansas, through a rich and varied country ; sometimes we had to break our way through alluvial bbttoms matted with redundant vegetation, where the gigantic trees were entangled with grape vines, hanging like cordage from their branches ; some- times we coasted along sluggish brooks, Whose feebly trickling current just served to link together a succession of glassy pools, imbedded like mirrors in the quiet bosom of the forest, reflecting its autumnal foliage, and patches of the clear, blue sky. Sometimes we scrambled up broken and rocky hills, from the summits of which, we had wide views, on one side, over distant prairies, diversified by groves and forests, and on the other, ranging along a line of blue and shadowy hills, beyond the waters of the Arkansas." * * * * ' ' Our march this day was animating and delightful. We were in a region of adventure ; breaking our way through a country hitherto untrodden by white men, excepting, perchance, by some solitary trapper. The weather was in its perfec- tion, temperate, genial, and enlivening ;- a deep blue sky, with a few light, feath- ery clouds, an atmosphere of perfect transparency, an air pure and bland, and a glorious country, spreading out far and wide in the golden sunshine of an autum- nal day; but all silent, lifeless, without a human habitation, and apparently without a human inhabitant ! " * * » » "For my own part, I laid on the grass, under the trees, and built castles in the clouds, and indulged in the very luxury of rural repose. Indeed, I can scarcely State Board of Ageiculture. conceive a kind of life more calculated to put both mind and body in a healthful tone. A morning's ride of several hours, diversified by hunting incidents ; an encampment in the afternoon under some noble grove on the borders of a stream; an evening banquet of venison, fresh killed, roasted, or broiled on the coals ; turkeys just from the thickets, and wild honey from the trees ; and all relished with an appetite unknown to the gourmets of the cities. And at night — such sweet sleeping in the open air, or waking and gazing at the moon and stars, shin- ing between the trees ! " The first printing press in Kansas was brought to the Ottawa Baptist Mission, in 1834, by Rev. Joseph Meeker. The Presbyterians established the Iowa Indian Mis- sion, near Highland, in 1835. Fremont went through Kansas with his first expedi- tion in 1842. Fort Scott was selected that year as a military post. The Catholics established the Osage Mission, now in Neosho county, in'1847. They also estab- lished the Pottawatomie Mission, now at St. Mary's. In 1850, the Government sur- veyed the military road from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Kearney. Fort Kiley was established in 1853. Kansas was organized as a Territory by act of Congress, May 30, 1854. The law of 1820, declaring it free, was nullified, and the new law opened it to freedom or slavery, as its settlers might vote. This was called popular or squatter sover- eignty. It was a pretense to establish slavery in Kansas. The Territory was the creature of the General Government ; that Government was pro-slavery, and kept Kansas so until she became a State, by Republican votes, that party having obtained a national victory in Kovember, 1860. The Territorial governors, judges and marshals, were appointed by slavery, and they, by legal and illegal means, kept slavery here. The North and South entered into a contest to people the Territory. The North out-emigrated the South. The contest led to a civil war in Kansas. In this war, two hundred lives were lost, and not less than two millions in monej'. The towns of Atchison, Leavenworth, Lawrence and Topeka, were founded in 1854 ; Lawrence and Topeka by Free State men. Lawrence was the Free State head-quarters, rallying point, and political centre during the whole Territorial struggle, and was the frequent victim of pro-slavery fire and sword. The first Ter- ritorial Legislature, in the summer of 1855, passed laws against free speech and a free press, legalizing slavery, and attempting to keep it here by barbarous penalties. FIRST TERRITORIAL CAPITOL, AT PAWNEE, DAVIS COXJKTY. [The first Legislature met in this building July 2, 1855, Adjourned to the Shawnee Mission, July 6.] SECOND TERRITORIAL CAPITOL, AT SHAWNEE MISSION, JOHNSON COUNTY. [The first Legislature met in this building July 16, 1855. Adjourned August 30.] / Fourth Annual Report. To disobey those laws was called " levying war against the Territory," and "trea- son against the United States." The United States Marshal became the embodi- ment of the Territorial and Federal Governments, and his plan for making Kansas a Slave Territory, was to arrest and'imprison the Free State men. He was perpetu- ally riding over the Territory with his pockets full of writs and indictments against men, hotels and printing presses. When the Marshal failed to get his man, the Governor was called upon, and he summoned United States soldiers from Forts Leavenworth and Riley, and "Kansas" militia from Missouri, to act as a posse comitatus to the Marshal, in executing writs. Sometimes the Marshal had as many as twenty-flve hundred pro-slavery men as a "posse." All this would have been a stupendous farce, had not the destiny of the nation hung upon the issue. A census taken in February, 1855, showed a population of 8,601. In October, 1855, the Free State men met in Topeka and formed a Constitution. Officers were elected under it, Legislatures met, laws were passed but not enforced, and the movement served only to unite and give power and efficiency to the Free State party. CONSTITUTION HALL, TOPEKA. [The Free State Convention to frame a Constitution, met in this building Octo- ber 33, 1855. Adjourned November 11.] At a later day the House voted to admit Kansas under this Constitution, but the Senate did not become a free body until made so by secession, in 1861, and con- stantly spurned the appeals of Free Kansas. The final National victory, the election of Abraham Lincoln, seemed to the South so decisive a triumph for freedom that she could save slaVery only by a separate Confederacy. This determination continued the war in Kansas and gave birth to her second army of heroes — the volunteer soldiers of the civil war. These came without bounties, without a draft, and in larger proportionate numbers than any other State gave with bounties and with forced conscriptions. Fiom 1854 to 1865, the war was in Kansas. Houses were buyied, fields laid waste, printing presses mobbed, whole towns destroyed,. and hundreds of citizens massacred. ^■IXMIMiilJI'a)'! '^ THIRD TERRITORIAL CAPITOL, AT LECOMPTON. [The second Territorial Legislature met in this building January 12, 1857. Ad- 10 \ State Board of Ageiotiltube. joumed February 21. The bill to provide for electing a convention to frame tlie Lecompton Constitution, passed February 19.] TERKITOKIAIi CAPITOL BUINS, AT LBCOMPTON. [The above is a view of all that is left of a flfty-thousand-dollar appropriation made by Congress in the pro-slavery days.] FOTJKTH TBRBITOBIAL CAPITOL, AT LAWKENCE. [The Third Territorial Legislature met at Lecompton, January 4, 1858. It ad- journed to Lawrence, and met in this building January 8.] FIFTH TEKBITORIAL CAPITOL, AT LAWEENCB. [The Fourth Territorial Legislature met at Lecompton, January 3, 1859. It ad- journed to Lawrence, and met in this building January 4.] No other State in the Union has had so turbulent, so painful, so heroic a history. In the battles of the Revolution and of the Rebellion, in the old States, the mother could always go to sleep without fear of the approach of the sissassin. They were wars conducted under the rules of warfare. Here, in addition to the general struggle, we had the torch of the incendiary, and the unlosing of every dark and devilish passion that roams abroad when the laws are silent and tumult reigns. The Report of Provost Marshal General Fry, made in January, 1867, shows the proportion per thousand men which each loyal State contributed to the Item of mortality. Kansas heads the column ; her proportion was 61.01 ; Vermont is sec- ond, 58.22 ; and Massachusetts third, 47.76. Gen. Fry says : Fourth Annual Report. 11 "Kansas shows the highest battle mortality of the table." * * * "The same singularly martial disposition which induced above half of the able-bodied men of the State to enter the army without bounty, may be supposed to have increased their exposure to the casualties of battle after they were in the service." Among the Kansas troops, the number of ofHcers killed in battle was 36; enlisted men, 923. Number of officers died of wounds, 8 ; enlisted men, 269. Number of officers died of disease, 24 ; enlisted men, 2,170. Through all these disasters Kansas never forgot to grow. The little strip of cultivated fields along the Missouri border kept growing wider and wider, until it broadened to the centre and beyond the centre of the State. There was a fascina- tion in the fruitful fields and cheering climate which held the family to the farm, while the plowman had " gone for a soldier." The soldiers of other States who came here during the war, returned to become citizens when the war was over. "It suits us," was their verdict. The distinguished historian, Francis Parkman, traveled through Kansas some years before its organization as a Territory, and thus recorded his impressions: " We were passing through the country of the half-civilized Shawnees. It was a beautiful alternation of fertile plains and groves, whose foliage was just tinged with the hues of autumn, while close beneath them rested the neat log-houses of the Indian farmers. Every field and meadow bespoke the exuberant fertility of the soil. The maize stood rustling in the wind, matured and dry. Its shining, yellow ears thrust out between the gaping husks. Squashes and enormous yellow pumpkins lay basking in the sun, in the midst of their brown and shriveled leaves. Robins and blackbirds flew about the fences; everything, in short, betokened our near approach to home and civilization. The forests that border on the Missouri soon rose before us, and we entered the wide tract of shrubbery that forms their outskirts. We had passed the same road on our outward journey in the spring, but its aspect was totally changed. The young, wild apple trees, then flushed with their fragrant blossoms, were now hung thickly with ruddy fruit. Tall grass flourished by the roadside in place of the tender shoots just peeping from the warm and oozy soil. The vines were laden with dark, purple grapes, and the slender twigs of the maple, then tasseled with their clusters of small, red flowers, now hung out a gorgeous display of leaves staioed by the frost with burning crim- son. On eveiy side we saw the tokens of maturity and decay where all had before been fresh and beautiful. We entered the forest, and ourselves and our horses were checkered as we passed along by the bright spots of sunlight that fell between the opening boughs. On either side, the dark, rich masses of foliage almost excluded the sun, though here and there its rays could find their way down, striking through the broad leaves, and lighting them with a pure, transparent jreen. Squirrels barked at us from the trees; coveys of young partridges ran rastling over the leaves below, and the golden oriole, the blue-jay, and the flam- ingred-bird, darted among the shadowy branches." The Report of the Adjutant General, in 1865, credited Kansas with having con- tributed to the Union armies, 31,806 men. In 1861, the vote of the State was only 14,461. In 1864 the vote of the State was 31,835. History will be searched in vain for a parallel to this patriotism and this growth — this combination of heroic faith in the Union, and in Kansas. Such a people will not be scared from its plows or driven from its destiny by a visitation of grasshoppers. It was of and for this people that Charles Sumner spoke in the United Slatet Senate, on the 19th of May, 1856 : "Take down your map, sir, and you will find that the Territory of Kansas, more than any other region, occupies the middle spot of North America, equally distant from the Atlantic on the east, and the Paciflc on tlie west ; from the frozen waters of Hudson's Bay on the north, and the tepid Gulf Stream on the south, constituting the precise territorial centre of the whole vast continent. To such advantage of situation, on the very highway between two oceans, are added a soil of unsurpassed richness, and a fascinating, undulating beauty of surface, with a health-giving 12 State Board of Agricultuee. climate, calculated to nurture a powerful and generous people, worthy to be a cen- tral pivot of American institutions, ' 'A few short months only have passed since this spacious mediterranean country was open only to the savage, who ran wild in its woods and prairies ; and now it has already drawn to its bosom a population of freemen larger than Athens crowded within her historic gates, when her sons, under Miltiades, won liberty for mankind on the field of Marathon ; more than Sparta contained when she ruled Greece, and sent forth lier devoted children, quickened by a mother's benediction, to return with their shields or on them ; more than Rome gathered on her seven hills, when, under her kings she commenced that sovereign sway which afterwards embraced the whole earth ; more than London held, when, on the fields of Crecy and Agin- court, the English banner was carried victoriously over the chivalrous hosts of France." With the advent of peace, it was not the North only that came to Free Kansas. There were carpet-baggers and ku-klux in the South. There were Free Schools, Free Lands, a brave and generous people in Kansas. The men of the South came here, rejoicing with our pioneers in the establishment of free institutions on these broad prairies. Five years after the close of the war, one person out of every five in Kansas was a native of the South. In 1870 the total population was 364,399 ; of this number, 73,925 were born in the Southern States. These citizens are among our most earnest and eflBcient promoters of every good cause. Their numbers have constantly increased since that date. STATE CAPITOL, TOPEKA. [This building was first occupied by State officers December 25, 1869.] The composite peoples are the strongest, as well as the most sociable and toler- ant. ' Kansas is not only made up of North, South, East and West Americans, but has a good delegation from the mother land beyond the sea. Her foreign-born population, in 1870, numbered 48,392 ; of these, 12,774 were born in Germany, 10,940 in Ireland, 6,150 in England, 1,531 in Scotland, 1,021 in Wales. Whole num- ber born in Great Britain and Ireland, 19,923 ; in France, 1,274 ; in Denmark, 503,; in Holland, 300 ; in Hungary, 38 ; in Italy, 55 ; in Luxemburg, 103 ; in Noi-way, 588 ; in Poland, 169 ; in Russia, 56. The German population is thus divided in the Census Tables ; " Germany," 1,704 ; Prussia, 5,463; Baden, 931 ; Bavaria, 1,219 ; Brunswick, 28 ; Hamburg, 39 ; Hanover, 798 ; Hessen, 774 ; Lubeck, 5 ; Mecklen- burg, 190 ; Nassau, 36 ; Oldenburg, 53 ; Saxony, 355 ; Weimar, 13 ; Wurtemburg, 1,168. During the past five years large colonies have been founded here by Danes, Welshmen, Englishmen and Russian Mennonites. It takes all the people to make one strong people, and Kansas lacks no element needed for health, strength and freedom. The society thus made up, of men and women from every Slate in the Union, and every Nation in Europe, is the most agreeable in the world. There is no prejudice of birth ; there are no clans ; the narrowness of each native locality is broadened into the cosmopolitanism of the adopted home. The new generation of Kansas will not be northern or southern, native or foreign, but more American than any race that has yet been born in and controlled the destinies of any State Fourth Annual Eepoet. 13 in the Union — a people with the best blue bipod of courage, manliness, honor and intelligence. The Territory of Kansas was embraced between the State of Missouri and the Rocliy Mountains, and between the 37th and 40th degrees of latitude. The boundaries of the State remain the same on three sides, but Colorado has been cut ofiF on the west, and the western boundary is now the 25th meridian. The State is 400 miles long, from east to west, and 200 miles wide ; in other words, it is as long as the distance from Boston to Buffalo, and as wide as the distance from Philadelphia to Fortress Monroe. The first census was taken in 1855, and gave a population ot 8,601. In 1860, the General Government took a census, resulting as follows : 107,206. In 1865, by the State census, our population was 135,807. In 1870, the General Government again took the census, with this result : 864,399. This year, 1875, the census has been taken by the State Board of Agriculture, resulting as follows : 581,156. Kansas did not become a State until January, 1861, and the era of peace did not begin until the close of the war, in 1865, ten years ago. Considering her youth, her growth has been marvelous and unparalleled. The above figures may be tab- ulated thus : In 1855, February 8,601 In 1860, June 107,206 In 1865, jnne 135,807 In 1870, June 364,399 In 1876, March 531,156 The gain in the decade from 1860 to 1870 was 289.90 per cent. — a greater increase than any other State made. Minnesota gained, in that decade, 155.61 per cent. ; Iowa, 76.91 per cent ; Oregon, 73.30 per cent. ; Illinois, 48.86 per cent., and Mis- souri, 45.63 per cent. In 1860, Kansas ranked 33, in 1870, 39, among the States, in population. The States below Kansas, with their rank and population in 1870, were as follows: SOtli, Vermont 330,551 '.... Admitted in 1791. 31st, New Hampshire 318,300 " "1789. 32nd, Khode Island 217,353 " " 1789. 33rd, Florida 187,748 " " 1845. 34th, Delaware 125,015 " " 1789. 35th, Nebraska 122,993 " " 1867. 36th, Oregon 90,923 " "1859. 37th, Nevada....: 42,491 i " "1864. Three other States had, in 1870, a less population than Kansas has now, viz., Minnesota, 439,706 ; West Virginia, 442,014, and Arkansas, 484,471. Horace Greeley first visited Kansas in May, 1859. In one of his letters to the New York Tribune, he said : , " I like Kansas — ^that is, natural Kansas — better than I expected to. The soil is richer and deeper ; the timber is more generally diffused ; the country more rolling, than I had supposed them." * * * " I consider Kansas well watered — no Prairie State better." « * * " Springs, streams, creeks, rivers, are quite universal. " Mr. Greeley made a second visit to Kansas, in October, 1870. The following is copied from one of his letters in the Tribune : " Settlers are pouring into Eastern Kansas by car-loads, wagon-loads, horse-loads, daily, because of the fertility of her soil, the geniality of her climate, her admirable diversity of prairie and timber, the abundance of her living streams, and the mar- velous facility with which homesteads may here be created." * * * "Having exposed freely the errors, as I see them, of all parties, I hardly need restate that Kansas, in spite of them all, is going ahead magnificently ; and I predict that the 14 State Board ob^ AGKicuLTtXRE. child is born who will see her fifth, if not fourth, in population and production among the States of our Union." The area of Kansas is 81,318 square miles. The attractiveness of a State does not depend on its size, but it is clear that one dollar an acre on the 52,043,580 acres of land in Kansas would raise a larger revenue than one dollar an acre on the 835,840 acres in Khode Island. There would be more money raised for schools, colleges and public institutions. An imperial revenue might be raised in a large State like Kansas by a very small assessment on the land; and an economical state government can be maintained without burdening the land owner with taxes. The homestead settler now pays no tax at all on his land. It takes five years to obtain the title from the Government, and during that time, the homestead settler is king, having his land protected by law, while it is exempt from any burden of taxation. He does not even fence his land, but ploughs and brings forth crops f r6m it at the smallest possible expenditure of labor and capital. By the action of the herd law, cattle are kept off from his crops, and no fence is made until the hedge grows and becomes one. Only five States have a larger area than Kansas. Kansas has more square miles than Ohio, Indiana, Delaware and Connecticut combined. England and Scotland together contain 89,600 square miles, or 8,282 more than Kansas. Kansas is an empire ; a giant still in its cradle. And what kind of a State is this new and immense region, called Kansas? The North American Beview (Vol. CIX, pp. 401, 402), contains a paper from which the following is copied: " The most perfect display of the prairies is found in the eastern parts of Kan- sas and Nebraska. It is no exaggeration to pronounce this region, as left by the hand of Nature, the most beautiful country in its landscape upon the face of the earth. Here the forest is restricted to naiTow fringes along the rivers and streams, the courses of which are thus defined as far as the eye can reach, whilst all between is a broad expanse of meadow lands, carpeted with the richest verdure and wearing the appearance of artistically-graded lawns. - They are familiarly called the rolling prairies, because the land rises and falls in gentle swells, which attain an elevation of thirty feet, more or less, and descend again to the joriginal level, within the distance of one or more miles. The crest-lines of these motionless waves of land intersect each other at every conceivable angle, the effect of which is to bring into view the most extended landscape, and to show the dark green foliage of the forest trees skirting the streams in pleas- ing contrast with the light green of the prairie grasses. In their spring covering of vegetation these prairies wear the semblance of an old and once highly culti- vated country, from the soil of which every inequality of surface, every stone and every bush has been carefully removed, and the surface rolled down into abso- lute uniformity. The marvel is suggested how Nature could have kept these verdant fields in such luxuriance after man had apparently abandoned them to waste." In August, 1868, Louis Agassiz, the renowned savant, visited Kansas. He said he had never before seen such good soil as he had seen in Kansas and Missouri. The peaches, apples, pears and grapes, he thought equal to any he had ever tasted. After his return, the Springfield (Mass.) BepuUioan, said: "Prof. Agassiz is fairly seething with enthusiasm over his visit to Kansas. All Brazil was nothing to what he has seen of natural beauty and scientific revelations." A writer quoted in the book on Kansas, written by Edward Everett Hale, speaks thus of Kansas : "It is unrivaled for the fertility of its soil, the value of its timber and forest trees, the amenity and beauty of its broad prairies, the number of its crystal streams, and the salubrity of its climate." Mr. Hale himself says : FouETH Annual Report. 15 " For nearly two hundred miles west from Missouri, a rich, vegetable soil, suffici- ently wooded, is found through the whole of this valley. It is the region of which the eastern part has been principally occupied hy the Shawnees, Delawares and Pottawatomies, whose indolent farming, even, produces there the most remarkable results. The soil produces wheat, corn or hemp, in great abundance, and is, to all appearance, inexhaustible. Every variety of timber Known in the Western forests is found there in sufficient quantity to answer the purposes of settlers. Ash, burr oak, hlack walnut, chestnut oak, black oak, long-leaved willow, sycamore, buck- eye, American elm, pig-nut hickory, hackberry, and sumach, are named by Col. Emory, whose botanical skill is well known. The general appearance of the country, he says, is that of vast rolling fields, enclosed with colossal hedges. Every letter and memoir written regarding this remarkable valley confirms the accounts of its surprising loveliness and fertility." Mr. Hale is the well-known author of " The Man Without a Country." In 1873, the Catholic Publication Society, New York, issued a book on ' ' Irish Emigration to the United States : What it has been, and what it is." By the Rev. Stephen Byrne, O. S.D. The following, relating to Kansas, is copied from pages 124 to 128 : "The soil is very productive throughout, mostly presenting a rolling surface, thus affording superior drainage. Every kind of grain and fruit can be grown ; it is especially adapted to the growing of the grape. The rich, black soil is generally from two to six feet and more thick. " There are millions of acres of the best land for sale by the various railroads alone that run through Kansas. Besides these, there are the 'homestead lands.' ~" The climate is very salubrious throughout; new sections of the country are visited by intermittent fever in spring and fall, which disappears with the progress of the cultivation of the soil. Vast numbers of people who have been in feeble health in the more eastern States, contend that they have been greatly benefited by the climate. The summer heat is rendered less oppressive and excessive by a con- tinual breeze, and the nights are very refreshing. * * * ' ' The land is of equally good quality almost everywhere. In the south and south- west, the soil is sometimes a little deeper than in the north or northwest ; the north sometimes has more woodland ; so that, en the whole, I find little or no difference." It is needless to add that such a soil and climate is capable of producing grains, grasses, fruits, flocks and herds, in profusi'^e exuberance. The wheat, corn, cattle and fruit of Kansas are already well known throughout the country. In 1869, the National Pomological Society, at Philadelphia, by a unanimous vote, awarded to Kansas its great gold medal, " for a collection of fruit unsurpassed for size, perfec- tion and flavor." In 1871, the American Pomological Society, at Richmond, Va., awarded Kansas " the highest premium for the largest and best display of fruit, unequaled in size, beauty and excellence, during the session of the American Pomological Society." Medals and diplomas for Kansas fruit have also been given by the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, the St. Louis Fair,- the New Tork State Fair, at Albany, the New Hampshire Agricultural Society, and the New England Fair, at Lowell, Mass. In November, 1871, the New Tork Independent said: ' ' Kansas is the best advertised and most favorably known of the Far- Western States. Her prestige is due to three causes : 1st. Her political troubles and warfare for freedom, which elicited universal sympathy; 2d. The fertility of her soil, the superior of which does not exist in the West; and 3d. To the activity of her citi- zens." Poor's Railroad Manual for 1874 shows that only seven States have more miles each of railroad than Kansas, namely. New Tork, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illi- 16 State Board of Agbicultuke. nois, Iowa and Missouri. Kansas is put down as having 2,215 miles, while the fol- lowing twenty-nine States have the less number set opposite to them : MILES. Haire, 933 New Hampshire 627 Vermont 568 Maseachusetts 1,463 Rhode IsJand 81 Connecticut 912 New Jersey 1,245 Delaware 141 Maryland and D. C 1,168 West Virginia 572 MILES. Michigan 1,904 Wisconsin 1,779 Minnesota 1,616 Nebraska 1,536 North Carolina 1,077 South Carolina 948 Georgia 1,486 Florida 45 Alabama 1,.590 Mississippi 1,157 UILES. Louisiana 50S Texas 607 Kentucky 891 Tennessee 1,051 Arkansas 131 California 1,368 Oregon 240 Nevada 474 Virginia 1,498 All the Southern States voted to curse Kansas with slavery. Kansas has more miles of railroad now than any one of the old Slave States, except Missouri, and she leads Kansas only a trifle. In 1857, there were twenty-eight papers published in the Territory. In 1866, there were thirty-seven newspapersin the State ; in 1870, there were sixty-seven ; in 1871, there were eighty ; in 1872, there were one hundred and twenty-one. On the first of January, 1874, there were one hundred an d forty-eight newspapers published in the State, representing sixty-four counties. This number soon increased to one hundred and fifty-two. Only thirteen States published more newspapers than Kan- sas. The twenty-three publishing a less number are Virginia, Kentucky, West Virginia, Connecticut, Tennessee, New Hampshire, Mississippi, Vermont, Alabama, Rhode Island, Maryland, Maine, Florida, North Carolina, Delaware, Nebraska, Arkansas, Nevada, Minnesota, Oregon, Louisiana, Georgia and South Carolina. When England acknowledged the independence of the United States, in 1783, there were only forty-three newspapers published in all the States, and not one daily. Kansas now" has more than three times that number of weekly papers, and fourteen daily papers. STATE CAPITOL, TOPEKA. The following is copied from the speech entitled, "Kansas, the Saviour of Free- dom," made at Lawrence, September 26, 1860, by William H. Seward : "A long-cherished desire of mine is fulfilled ; at last along-deferred duty is about to be paid — the desire of my heart to see the people of Kansas — the duty that I felt . I owed to the people of Kansas, to see them in their own homes and in their own houses. I have visited your chief cities, Leavenworth and Lawrence, where the army of mercenaries sent by the Slave States battered down the hotel, under an indictment and conviction in a Court of the United States, as a nuisance, because it sheltered the freemen who had come here to see Freedom established in Kansas ; and I have looked, also, upon the Constitution Hall, in Topeka, where the army of the United States, for the first time in the history of our nation, dispersed a lawful and peaceable assembly of citizens of the United States, convened to counsel upon Fourth Annual Report. 17 the best means of protecting their lives, their property and sacred honor. You, people of Kansas, whom I have not been able to see in your homes, have come up here to greet me, from the valleys of the Kansas, the Big Blue and the Neosho, and from all your plains and valleys. " I seem not to have journeyed hither, but to have floated across the sea — the praine sfea, under bright autumnal skies, wafted by genial breezes into the havens where I wished to be. " * * * * "Ihavebeheldthescenesof your former con- flicts. I have also looked upon that beautiful eminence on the banks of the Kan- sas River, where Lecompton sits a lonely widow, desolate and mourning, her am- bitious structuies showing how high is the ambition of slavery, and their desola- tion showing howeasy, after all, is her downfall." * * * "When I look at field after field, and cabin after cabin, and church after church, and school-house after school-house, where but six years ago was the unbroken range of savages, I am prepared here — not expecting to escape being' heard on the Pacific, as well as the Atlantic coast — I am prepared to declare, and do declare, you people of Kansas the most intelligent, and the bravest, and most virtuous, people of the United States. That is the most intelligent and bravest and most virtitous people, which can take the banner of Human Freedom when it is trailed in the dust by the gov- ernment of its choice, and can raise, and does raise, it aloft, and protect it, and bear it to success and honor, and that without bloodshed and violence." * * * " Henceforth, if my confidence in the stability of the American Union wavers, I shall come here to learn that the Union is stronger than human ambition, because it is founded in the affection of the American people. If ever I shall waver in my affection for Freedom, I shall come up here and renew it ; here, under the inspira- tion of one hundred thousand freemen saved from slavery. Henceforth these shall not be my sentiments alone, but the sentiments of all. Men will come up to Kansas as they go up to Jerusalem. This shall be a sacred city. "Formy brethren and companions' sake, then, Isay, Peace be within your walls, and plenteousness in all your cabins, soon to become palaces. And now, people of Kansas, once more. Hail ! and, at the same time. Farewell." 18 State Board of AGRiouLTaRE. SKETCH OF KANSAS AGRICULTURE. By J. A. Anderson, President Kansas State Agricultural College. To those who are so unfortunate aa to reside in other States, Kansas is an agricul- tural puzzle. It entered the Union in 1861, not only with the title of " bleeding," but also with that of "starving" Kansas; and on more than one occasion since, has it been blazoned over the Continent as powdered by drouth, or eaten down to the very limestone by grasshoppers. Yet, before the nation had time to settle comfort- ably into the belief thus created, it ,has been rudely j ostled by the same Kansas exultingly marching away with the first national prizes for the best display of fruit, won at Richmond, Philadelphia, Newark, and New York, against the competing States of the Union; or by the official award, so frequently made in governmental reports, " Kansas again leads in the average yield per acre; " or, by the vast army of clear-headed immigrants annually settling in its broad valleys. Among the multi- tudes assembled at Philadelphia in 1876, there will be thousands of sturdy men and great-souled women who, with minds still quickened by the agonizing recitals of self-constituted " agents" from the grasshoppered Kansas of 1874, will be more than startled by the actual products of Kansas in 1875. In fact, the Centennial display will be a very queer commentary upon the "relief" wail; and, should it do nothing more, will at least give good ground for the assertion, that a State, which not only can afford a year's princely entertainment to myriads of famished locusts, but also can take a front seat in the National synagogue, must have rich lands as well as energetic citizens. The principal trouble in this agricultural puzzle, is the fact that, as in all new States, the misfortunes of Kansas have been greatly exaggerated. The causes of this exaggeration are easily found. A drouth in Ohio or New York occasions no apprehensions that those States are unsuited to successful farming; because the experience of generations has shown that dry seasons are the exception, and, in spite of them, no business has there paid so well as that of the farmer. But the same drouth occurring in Kansas startles the new-comer by the fear that rain may here be the exception and dry seasons the rule. From the nature of the case he cannot turn to a long record of ancestral experience; there is none. And that con- venient gentleman in such emergencies, the " oldest inhabitant," is apt in a State fourteen years of age to be an Indian; and, without questioning the moral charac- ter of this estimable personage, Mr. Lo's opinion on agricultural topics is not usually accepted as satisfactory authority. t Again, in the Eastern States, a man without provisions for at least twelve months, without land, horses or plows, would not attempt to settle on a piece of wild soil, with the expectation of winning from it a support in the first, or even in the second year. Both he and his neighbors would realize that his capital could not, in the nature of things, yield so great an interest ; yet it is by no means rare for hundreds of toiling men, with just enough money to break a few acres, in Kansas, to expect that the " sod crop" therefrom will not only furnish a year's provisions, but also build houses and buy cattle. When this crop fails, as it sometimes does, these men Fourth Annual Eeport. 19 must suflFer ; and tkey are prone to hold Kansas responsible for consequences which evidently were the logical results of their lack of sufficient capital. Furthermore, in every new country will be found a sprinkling of loud-voiced indi- viduals who never succeeded anywhere, or at anything, and who, through ignor- ance of .practical farming, or organic weariness, would inevitably starve on the best farm in America. To this class, seeking a pretext for returning to their wife's rela- tions, a partial drouth is a boon, and grasshoppers a munificent god-send. They start, and "back home" is speedly supplied with yarns thick as hawsers about " the State what won't grow nuthin'." Every State has agricultural drawbacks, every business its peculiar risks, and even petit juries are uncertain. There is no dead-head train, in any vocation, which of itself carries the snoozing passenger to prosperity. Kansas, at least, is not a balmy paradise for dreamy loaf ers. The soil won't "break" itself, though it will break the farmer who doesn't work it. Corn won't grow where it was not planted, in paying quantities. The cottonwood does not usually bear a large crop of apples. It is the exception when valuable herds of shorthorns accidentally wander into Kansas corrals, to suddenly enrich the proprietors with $40,000 cows. Even Berk- shires do not multitudinously swim the Missouri, just to furnish the new settler with winter's meat. These confessions are sad, but true ! Railroads are in the habit of charging for transportation in Kansas. Merchants in Kansas rarely "giveaway" goods, outside of advertising columns; and, as a general rule, never sell anything that anybody wants more than ten feet "below cost." Mechanics demand and receive good wages for their work in Kansas. If they know themselves intimately, Kansas farmers expect the highest market price for crops. And even editors enforce the cruel rule that subscribers must pay at least two dol- lars a year for a paper worth five. Twenty-dollar gold pieces are less numerous in Kansas than flies ; and it is easier to get a hat full of " promissory notes," artistically executed by a highly assorted lot of individuals, than even a fob full of greenbacks. Those gentlemen who, unconsciously, and yet really, expect to farm without labor; to raise herds without vigilant care ; to pluck peaches from wild plum trees ; to live luxuriously on the interest of what they owe ; and to be elected to the United States Senate because of the universal scarcity of brains in Kansas, previous to their advent, will learn something greatly to their advanta:ge by going several mil- lions of miles in any other direction. This State won't suit them. But to those who realize that skill, labor and capital are essential to success in farming, as in every other business, the agricultural statistics of Kansas may be worth examining. Whatever may be alleged respecting the fertility or poverty of Kansas soil, the abundance or lack of seasonable rains, the heat or cold of the climate, the gentle- ness or fierceness of the winds, it is certain that the best evidence on these and all other points of practical interest to the farmer, is that furnished by the crops act- ually raised or failed to be raised. Corn requires a strong soil, moisture and heat ; if either of these essentials be lacking, the crop will show it. When a man harvests twenty bushels of wheat to the acre, that fact is quite as satisfactory to him as any analysis of the soil or any record of the rain gauge. And if, through a period of years, this fact repeats itself as often as in those States where an experience of gen- erations has demonstrated their adaptation to wheat raising, he would disbelieve any assertions not in unison with the fact. On the one hand, he would be slow to ex- pect that his field could average seventy bushels to the acre; on the other hand, he would laugh at the statement that the soil was too poor or the supply of rain was too small for profitable wheat growing. However valuable the theories and facts of the general sciences relating to agriculture may be, and many of them are valuable, 20 State Board of Agriotjlture. still the best of all possible evidence to any practical man is that of the bins and ledger. In this paper we shall only attempt to present a few sample facts, and leave them to sketch the agricultural capacity, development and condition of the State. AREA. Kansas is larger than New York and Indiana put together, or than Maine and Ohio, or than the whole of New England, with Delaware and Maryland thrown in. Pennsylvania and Ohio, or New York and Ohio, would have but little more terri- tory. Of the United States, only Texas, California, Oregon, Nevada and Minnesota have a greater area. The State is about two hundred miles wide, and four hundred miles long. Of the 52,043,520 acres comprising its area, but two-thirds, 35,750,600 acres, or sixty-eight per cent. , are at present in the organized counties. While of the latter amount, only 4,748,901 acres are improved land, the rest being wild prairie. It is difficult to realize the exact meaning of these figures. Men are not as familiar with millions as with fives. On the supposition that Pennsylvania and Ohio were thrown together, a similar statement would be that Pennsylvania was organized in counties, while Ohio was yet unsettled, and that only one-eighth, thirteen per cent. , of Pennsylvania was under fence, or less than one-tenth, nine per cent. , of both States. It is easier to distinguish the dlfierence between the length of lines than between vast amounts expressed in figures. Let us assume that a line one inch long represents 2,400,000 acres. The whole area of Kansas would be shown by a line twenty-two inches in length ; the area of the organized counties by one of fifteen inches, and the Improved land by one a fraction less than two inches long. Like the gentleman who did not leave Ireland because of "want," as he had plenty of it there, whatever this State may lack, it has a superabundance of unimproved terri- tory. Ohio and Pennsylvania are not overcrowded with population. Their inhabi- tants apprehend no danger from starvation, because of the inability of the soil to supply food. Kansas soil is as fertile as that of the best valleys in either, and its average acre is richer than their average acre ; so that it can certainly support as dense a population as they. "Were its density equal to theirs, it would now have 6,000,000 inhabitants, and still possess the same room for in-comers enjoyed by the States named. UNORGANIZED COUNTIES. What proportion of the territory outside of the organized counties will ulti- mately be made productive, is, as yet, an unsolved problem. It chiefly lies in what is shown on the rain map as the third or western rainfall belt, the organized coun- ties mainly coming within the eastern and middle belts. The Report of this Board for 1874 states that, during the years in which observations have been made in the States, the rainfall of the eastern belt has averaged thirty-seven inches per annum; the middle belt, twenty-four inches, and the western belt, nineteen inches. It says: "The mean by seasons for the whole State, compared with the mean of each belt, discloses the fact that the rainfall in the middle and western belts is about one-third less than in the eastern, but the western has thirty-five hundredths of an inch more than the middle." During the winter, the eastern has five inches; the middle, four, and the western less than one and a half inches. The writer has not seen the data or conclusions presented in this volume. One thing, however, is certain: that the dry winters of the western belt give it a great advantage over either of the others for stock rais- ing, and that its vast ranges of nutritious grass admirably adapt it to this industiy. Where myriads of buffalo have lived and fattened through centuries, there must be Fourth Annual Report. 21 sufficient food and water for cattle, guided by competent herders. The only authoritative decision of the question will be that of actual experience; and that the experiments thus far made have been promising, is shown by the indisposition of those who have most largely invested in these lands to sell out; on the other hand, they are putting more capital in. This action upon their part, together with the fact that each year finds a greater number of herds in that belt, is a safer guide than even the rain gauge. Furthermore, there is a good deal of human nature to the square mile in Kansas. The present population of the State is within the eastern and middle belts. It is only natural that every man should fancy his own county to be just a little better than all the rest of creation, on the same principle that the inhabitants of the older States are positive that their's is pre-eminently the bright particular star. Hence, it is not remarkable that the existing population of Kansas should entertain grave doubts respecting the agricultural capacities of the western belt ; and the further east they live, the greater is apt to be the gravity of their doubts. In Territorial days, Leaven- worth was not at all certain that Lawrence had enough rain to ensure good crops. Lawrence scouted the idea, but had misgivings about Topeka. Topeka regarded both parties as correct with respect to the general principle ; they were only mistaken in regard to the precise location of the limit of the rainfall necessary for crops ; this limit was west of Topeka, but east of Manhattan. Within six years, the writer has heard Manhattan and Junction City gentlemen wrangle over the same point respecting these towns, which are but twenty miles apart ; they were agreed, how- ever, that Salina lacked rain. The latter scorns the imputation, but ■ponfldentially suggests to the immigrant that it is too dry out in EUsworth or Russell counties to raise anything ! Now, if any counties in the State have had better crops this year than Dickinson and Saline, they have ^one most remarkably well. The same may be said of the western counties in the Solomon, and, especially, in the Arkansas val- leys. The fact is, that precisely those regions which, less than ten years afeo, were generally believed to lack suf&cient rain for profitable agriculture, are exactly the ones that are now yielding the most remunerative crops. The "Great American Desert " theory is getting very thin. The boundaries of this geographical bugaboo have so rapidly receded before the plow, that, especially with the absolutely dry sea- son of California in view, we are not prepared to deny that the western belt, in addi- tion to its superior stock advantages, may yet be found possessed of better grain and fruit qualities than are now conceded. On the present insufficient data, no one is justified in dogmatically deciding either way. For no sensible man would base a meteorological opinion respecting the whole State of Ohio upon the observations at Cincinnati for a few seasons, nor would he accept the guesses of Pennsylvanians there anent as decisive authority. So far as observations have been made, they show that the western belt has more rain during the growing months than the middle belt. Its soil is as rich as that of either of the other belts ; and if the doubts concerning its grain capabilities are occasioned by its lack of rain, then certainly it ought to raise as good crops as those of the middle belt ; and that these crops are profitable, the statistics given elsewhere, by counties, establish beyond a question. Still, the fact that the population has prefen-ed the other belts is significant and weighty. We have no desire to mislead immigrants. Our only point is, that the western belt may turn out better than Kan- sans are now disposed to think. So much for the 16,293,920 acres of Kansas lying outside of the organized counties, and of which no further notice will be made in this paper. In considering the remaining fifteen inches of the whole line, let us begin with 22 State Board of Agriculture. the growth of the two inches which represent the improved land in the organized counties. IMPROVED LANDS. A reference to the history of the State, given in this volume, will furnish such details as the reader may need for a close examination of its agricultural develop- ment. The following general statement, however, may not be amiss : The Territory of Kansas was opened for settlement in May, 1854. Secretary Gray, in last year's Report of this Board, says : "At that time its choicest lands were occupied as reservations by the New York Indians, Pottawatomies, Kaws, Delawares, Ottoes and Missouris, Kickapoos, Sacs and Foxes, Weas, Shawnees, Wyandottes, and other Indian tribes, in the eastern portion of the Territory; while the Comanches, Kiowas, Cheyennes, Arapahoes, and other wild tribes, wandered over the western portion." The Territorial Government was organized in 1854, and the State admitted to the Union in 1861. From the very outset Kansas was the battle-ground between the North and South, and the events of its early history are inseparable parts of the Nation's history. In fact, unlike every other Territory, it was settled, not so much by men who wanted to farm, as by men who wanted to fight for or against the extension of slavery ; and herein lies the main-spring of the otherwise improbable fact, that Kansas furnished more soldiers than it had voters. It supplied 20,097 men, or 3,433 more than its quota. In every one hundred families, not less than seventy-flve had a representative in the army ; and, as a rule, only the wife and little ones were found on the farm. It is evident, that of the population gathered by the inspiration which drew men hither, the great mass would neglect the plow for the musket ; and that during the war the agricultural industry of the State would shrink, rather than increase. So that the history of agriculture, and in fact of every other Kansas industry, vir- tually begins at the close of the war, in the summer of 1865. We greatly regret that at this writing, the data cannot be obtained for presenting the agricultural statistics of the earlier years. The increase and decrease of crops, had the reports been kept, would of themselves constitute a curious record of the bloody days of Kansas, one both significant and enduring. The facts to be presented in this paper have been kindly collated by Mr. Alfred Gray, the careful statistician and indefatigable Secretary of this Board. They are derived from the United Statep Census, from the reports of the department of Agriculture, and from the official returns made to the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. The department of Agriculture did not give, in its earlier reports, several of the statistical groupings which now render them valuable ; and, as a result, we are unable to present facts which would otherwise be exhibited. In the several diagrams which follow, where omissions occur, they are because of this reason. It was only in 1862 that the department began the publica- tion of full statistics. A word respecting the manner in which the statistics will be presented in this paper. As the difference between the lengths of lines at once strikes the eye, and gives a clearer idea of the relative magnitude of quantities, this mode of exhi- bition will be employed ; and while a different scale will be adopted in differ- ent exhibits, the lines in a particular diagram will, of course, be on the same scale. The " em," or unit, of a nonpareil fount, is one-twelfth of an inch ; and the size of the page determines the scale adopted. Relying upon the exhibits to tell their own story, we shall have but little to say, except in calling attention to points, or in explanation of the causes which have created their facts. Fourth Annual Report. 23 The following exhibit of the acres of improved lands, in the years for which the data has been obtained, shows, in the briefest manner, the growth of the State in this particular. (See Table I.): TABLE I. LINE-EXHIBIT OF ACRES OP IMPROVED LAND, BY YEARS. SCAI.E: 2,400,000 acres to the inch. 1860 1870 1873 1874 1875 405,468 acres. ^1,971,003 acres. ■l>v 3,982^,599 .'icres. \ i^-. 3,669,776 acres. ■^^■■14,748,901 acre 1860 to 1870 1870 to 1875 1860 to 1875 F raCRBASE. 1,565,585 acres. 3,777,898 acres, ■■■m 4,343,433 acre.-i POPULATION. In connection With the above diagram, a similar exhibit of the population of the State will be of value. The figures for 1860 and 1870 are taken from the U. S. Census; those for 1855 from the "Annals of Kansas;"* the others from the official returns to the Board. (See Table II): * By Daniel W. Wilder, 1875 ; George W. Martin, publisher, Topeka, Kansas. 24 State Boaed of Agricultuee. TABLE II. LINE-EXHIBIT OF POPULATION, BY YEARS. Scale— 240,000 to the incli. TEAKS. 1855 1860 I860 1870 1875 \ 8,601 inhabitants. . 107,306 inhabitants. 140,179 inhabitants. ■B^^^^^--.^ 364,899 inhabitants. ■^^■■§■■^■■1 528,437 inhabitants. It will be seen that from 1865, the close of the war, to 1870, the population had almost trebled; and that in the next five years, it had increased more than the total number of its inhabitants at the beginning of the decade. Immigration chiefly depends on the ability of people to emigrate from the older and more crowded communities. From the close of the war to 1873, the general financial condition of the nation enabled those, who so desired, to sell their farms in the older States, and to obtain homes in the new. The monetary stringency which began to tighten its grip over the whole country in 1873, has since prevented many thousands, who would otherwise be in Kansas to-day, from disposing of their property except at ruinous prices. They have the willingness, but lack the ability, and every land agent in the State could report such cases by the folio. This fact, without doubt, accounts for much of the relatively small increase of population during the last five years, when compared with that of the former five. At the same time, and working in conjunction with it, the fluctuation of the corn crop, beginning with 1873, and the visitation of locusts in 1874, had a temporary influence on the tide. ' Many of the new-comers are wholly dependent on the "sod" crop, usually corn. The aggregate corn crop in 1873,. amounted to forty-six millions of bushels, while in 1873 it tumbled down to twenty-nine millions of bushels, a decrease of thirty-seven per cent. The causes of this diminution would, of course, affect other staple yields; and the resulting depression of local business, together with the con- stantly increasing stringency of the whole country, could not fail to work its logi- cal effects in the minds of new-comers. In the summer of the following year, 1874, the delightful grasshopper made its appearance, and the aggregate corn crop pitched away down to fifteen millions of bushels. Most of it went into the " hopper " literally; as did about every other green thing to which that genial but rapacious idiot took a fancy. He is not an amusing animal. The monkey is a bonanza, in comparison. After the first few minutes, he displays a capacity for boring beyond computation; and scary people suddenly remember that they have an appointment to meet a man at "somewheres" which cannot possibly be neglected. They start, usually after a good deal of unnecessary whining. Many, however, of precisely the same persons, like Californians after the earthquake is over, speedily FoxjETH Annual Report. 25 return to tlieir claims. While the State may, for a few months, have lost in popula- tion, yet the vote cast at the last election shows that it has already far more than regained any losses. To show how little the agriculture of Kansas was aflfected, even during the years 1873 and 1874, by those causes which were generally esteemed so adverse, and as an evidence of the faith which Kansas farmers have in this rich State, we present the following exhibit of the number of acres in all crops, so far as the data have been obtained. In addition, the diagram forms an important link in the historical chain. (See Table III.) TABLE III. LINB-BXHIBIT OF NUMBBR OP ACRBS IN ALL CHOPS, BY TEARS. SoALS — 1,300,000 acres to the incb. 1860 t J 271,663* acres. 1861 1862 1 233,575 acres. 258,081 acres. 1863 - 1864 B 243,713 acres. 1865 — \ 273,903 acres. 1866 •-- 1867 1868 1869 ■" ^ 1^.^562,120 acres. - 1 ( 1 1870 1871 1879. \ 1873 \ ■ 1 N 1874 1875 3,669,769 4,749,900 acres. * Estimttted. 26 State Board of Agriculture. The short lines during the war years are significant. Had the statics from 1857 to 1861 been collected, it is probable that these lines would appear even shorter than they now do, because of the greater length of those of the Territorial years. We have estimated the acreage of 1860 on the ratio of the acreage of 1870 to the im- proved lands of 1870; and it confirms the above supposition of decrease of crops during the war, about which there can be no doubt. There is a slight falling ofE in 1870, but ever since there has been a steady and magnificent advance. For the purpose of enabling the reader to compare, at a glance, the increase of the crop acreage with that of population, as exhibited on page 78, we present a diagram of the former at the same periods. (See Table IV.) 1860 1865 1870 1875 TABLE IV. IINE-BXHIBIT OP ACBES IN ALL CROPS, BY TEARS. Scale — 1,200,000 acres to an incb. ■■ 271,663 acres. 373,903 acres. — — 1,332,784 acres. 4,7-49,900 acres. PRODUCTS. As in most Western States, corn has been the leading crop ; the statistics show that it is far from being either the most certain or the most profitable. For infor- mation respecting the relative value of the several products, the reader is again referred to Secretary Gray's most admirable diagrams in colors. In the following exhibit the aggregate wheat and corn crops are presented for comparison. (See Table V.) FoTJETH Annual Report. 27 TABLE V. LINB-BXHIBIT OP WHEAT AND CORN CHOPS, BY YBABS Scale— 24,000,000 bushels to an inch. 194,173 bushels. f Wheat, 1860 J [.Com, r Wheat, 1863 J t Corn, f Wheat, 1865 i [ Corn, r Wheat 1867 J [.Com, r Wheat, 1868 J (.Corn, f Wheat, 1870 j [Com, f Wheat, 1871 j [Com, r Wheat, 1872 i \_ Coin, {Wheat, Com, r Wheat, 1874 -j [Com, f Wheat 1875^ [ Com, 6,150.727 bushels. 262,953 bushels. 6,487,000 bushels. 191.519 bushels. 6,729,236 bushels. 1,537,000 bushels. 6,487,000 bushels. 2,800,000 bushels. 34,500,000 bushels. 2,391,198 bushels. 17,025,525'bushels. 2,694,000 bushels. 24,693,000 bushels. 3,062,941 bushels. 46,667,451 bushels. 4,994,044 bushels. 39,683,843 bushels. '9,881,383 bushels. 15,699,078 bushels. [13,209,403 bushels. 80,798,769 bushels. 28 State Boakd op Agricultuee. The fluctuaiions of the com crop are very BUggestive. During the earlier years the statistics were not as carefully collected as they have beeu since 1870; and were those of former years attainable, it is more than probable that they would indi- cate still greater variations than are here exhibited. Be that as it may, the zig- zaging of the corn line during the past five years, certainly has a meaning for Kansas farmers. It says, with the utmost emphasis, that in the measure that other crops are planted, precisely in that measure are the chances for profit increased. Look at the swing from 1870 to 1873; the pendulum started from 17,000,000 and reached 46,000,000; but then, look at the return lunge, where, in the next twe years, it comes in to 15,000,000. On the other hand, and especially since the facts have been collected, notice how surely and splendidly the wheat line comes out; two, two and a half, three, six, ten, thirteen; and it does this wholly irrespect- ive of the motion of the corn crops. The one is like the permanent outgrowing of the tree, each year pushing its bark further from the core; the other is like the yielding branches— reaching out in the calm, it is true, but bent, swayed and beaten back before the tempest. If any lines ever said anything in the world, these shout to the farmer, " Don't put all your eggs in the corn basket ; put most in the wheat basket, it is safer;" and the exhibit shows another thing, one which the historian would regard as both curious and instructive, that Kansas farmers, each for himself studying his own business and own prospects, are rapidly changing from the old theory that com was the crop to the one already indicated. Every State has its peculiar conditions of climate, soil and market; and no man in the world is surer to discover them, to adapt his work to them, than the practical American farmer. The wheat line shows still another thing — that the variations in the fall of rain are apt to occur in those months when the wheat is out of danger, and when the corn is in danger. The years 1872 and 1873 certainly indicate the probability of this statement, if they do nothing more. WINTER AND SPRING WHEAT. Another illustration of the change which is rapidly being made in the practice of farmers, as they have obtained a larger breadth of facts upon which . to decide the special conditions of Kansas, is presented in an exhibit of the relative crop of winter and spring wheat, so far as the date permits. (See Table VI.) It will be observed that in 1870, when the statistics of the winter wheat were first separated from those of the spring, that the latter was decidedly the greater. Ever since, the elder brother has taken the lead. It is a little curious, also, that while the spring line recedes, that of the winter wheat pushes vigorously forward, despite all the elements which, during the same period, have so signally affected corn. It may be said, that the real cause lies in the fact that the farmers sowed a greater breadth of the latter than of the former. That is undoubtedly tr,ue; but the question still remains. Why did they do so? And certainly the reply must be, simply and solely because they found by experience that it paid better. And this experience consti- tutes one of the important facts in a sketch of Kansas agriculture^ It shows two things: First, that the test which the practical farmer makes of those conditions of soil and climate which are peculiar to Kansas, is a safer guide than the suggestions of science respecting some single one of the forces which together produce the crops; and, second, that the agricultural reputation, some- times good and sometimes bad, which has been given to the State, during the years Fourth Awnttal Report. 29 TABLE VI. LINE-EXHIBIT OF BBLATTVE INCKEA8B OP "VTINTER AND SPUING WHEAT FKOM 1S70 TO 1875. S0AI.E— 3,000,000 bushels to an lucli. 1,076,676 bushels. , 1,814,523 bushels. 1874. Winter, Spring. Winter 3,173,595 bushels. 889,346 bushels. 4,548,384 bushels. 1 3,163,387 bushels, when men were studying its specific agricultural requirements, and by the experi- ments which they were making during this process of investigation, is not necessa- rily the reputation which justly belongs to the State itself, or the one which it wlU ultimately have when men. better understand its conditipns, and more wisely adapt themselves thereto. In every instance, we believe, where Kansas has been heralded throughout the land as, to say the least, agriculturally uncertain, this cry has arisen from the comparative failure of the corn crop; when, as this exhibit shows, if a fair proportion of the acreage had been in wheat, no such cry would have been justified or made. To compare agriculture; witji , mining— t,lxe fijial reputation of the " Com- stock" is not that which it had during the years of its development, when, as the work advanced, its name ran up and down like a mouse in a wall; but i^ character to-day rests upon the actual yield of ore. So it is with the agricultural " prospect- 30 State Board op Agriculture. ing" and development of Kansas. It has had its good seasons and bad, during which thousands of men have toilfuUy and pluckily driven their experiments along different lines. Some have succeeded, and some have failed; but in the sense that a failure is a success, if it shows men what to do by teaching them what not to do, much of this experience is both valuable and profitable. It is likely that profit- less experiments will yet be tried, before all the agricultural requirements of the State shall be met. But certainly this exhibit shows that much has already been learned and utilized in the matter of corn and wheat. And just as certainly, if the voice of the past be a safe guide for the future, will Kansas, in the practice of diversified agriculture, establish a very different reputation in the next ten years, from that which it has obtained when looking with a single eye to an exclusive corn crop. Two eyes are better than one, anyhow. A glance at the following exhibit will show that the change from spring to winter TABLE VII. LINE-EXHIBIT OF PER CBNTAGE OF BELATIVB INCREASE OF WINTER AND SPRING WHEAT PROM 1870 TO 1875. Scale— 24 per cent to the inch. YEARS. PER CENT. OF WHEAT CROP OF THE TBAR 1870. 45 per cent. Winter, Spring, 71 per cent. ,76 per cent. 69 per cent. 76 per cent. Spring, 24 per cent. FOTJETH AkNTJAL RePOKT. 31 wheat has been greater and more permanent than many may suppose. The line^ indicate the percentage of the wheat product for the given year. In 1870, the har- vest of spring wheat was fifty-five per cent., or ten greater than that of winter; but it will be noticed that since 1873 it has constituted less than a fourth of the whole crop. (See Table VII.) In connection with this subject, and as confirming what has been said, we give a similar exhibit of the fall of rain in the months of April, May, June and July, during the same years; and regret the lack of data for showing the relative yield per acre of com, winter and spring wheat, in comparison with the actual average of each. A reference to the exhibit of the corn crop on page 81, and to that of winter and spring wheat, on page 83, will enable the reader to observe how exactly the zigzag of the corn line, from 1870 to 1875 corresponds with that of the rain line; and, also, how gloriously the wheat line doesn't pay any possible attention to it. ' The' table shows the fall of rain at Leavenworth, Lawrence, Manhattan, and Baxter Springs. (See Table TEH.) TABLE Vln. LINE-EXHIBIT, BY YBAES, OF THE TOTAL BAINFALL DUBING THE MONTHS OF APRIL, MAY, JUNE AND JULY. 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 ScALX— Six inches of rain to the lineal inch. i|[^ 16.43 P 18.47 15.47 8.66 18.50 STOCK. We have already spoken of the superior advantages which Kansas possesses for this indispensable branch of agriculture. The dry winters, splendid ranges, and low price of lands have, induced the profitable investment of a large aggregate capital, which is being augmented every year. And, except to say that the average grade of cattle is far better than is usual, probably higher than in any other State, we shall let the following exhibits tell their own story. (See Tables IX., X., XI., Xn. andXm): 32 State Boakd of Ageictjlttjke. I860 1865 1870 1875 TABLE IX. LINE-EXHIBIT OF rNCEEASE OF CATTLE FROM 1860 TO 1875. SoALB.— 200,000 head to an Inch. 93,465 302,303 378,967 703,323 TABLE X. LINE-EXHIBIT OF INCREASE OF SWINE FROM 1860 TO 1875. Scale.— 120,000 head to an inch. 188,324 1860 1865 1870 1875 95,439 i 306,557 393,658 TABLE XI. LINErEXHIBIT OF INCREASE OF NUMBER OF SHEEP FROM 1860 TO 1875. Scale.— 30,000 head to an Inch. 1860 mrnKm^^^m^mmma 17,559 1865 83,662 1870 1109,088 1875 106,224 It is probable that tbe ceasus of 1870 showed a larger number of sheep than would have been the case had the facts been collected as carefully as in 1875. In other words, we doubt whether there are now fewer sheep in the State than there were then. During the present season large investments have been made in this husbandry, and those interested in the subject are referred to Secretary Gray's Report. As there are now 74,905 dogs in the State, it is eminently proper that the number of sheep should be speedily increased. Less than a mutton-and-a-half to the dog is a wholly inadequate twelve-month's supply for any healthy canine. Fourth Annual Report. 33 TABLE Xn, LINE-BXHrBIT OF INCBBASE OF HORSES FROM 1860 TO 1875. SCALd.— 60,000 head to an incb. B 30,344 1860 1865 1870 1875 32,469 117,786 207,376 1860 1865 1870 TABLE XIII. LEiTE-EXHIBIT OF INCRBASE OF MULES AND ASSES FROM 1860 TO l875 Sn aT.-K — 6,000 head to an inch, 1,496 • E 2,490 11,786 'ii.1875 34,964 We close the presentation of sample' facts illustrating the capabilities of Kan- sas with the following tables of the aggregate products of 1875. A State that is barely ten years qld, agriculturally, can have no .beljtej crown, and- needs no brighter glory, "than the skill, industry an^ prosperity revealed by these totals, to those who realize their meaning; CHOPS. Winter Wheat ,-.., hii. Hye ^-..^. bu. Spring Wheat .' bu. Com - bu, Barley - - - bu Oats - - bi. Buckwheat. - bu. Irish Potatoes _ _ bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum ,.- gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton - ,.B)s. Flax bu. Hemp Rs. Tobacco fts. Broom Com lbs. Millet and Hungarian II, 1^1. II ' tons Timothy, meadow tons Clover, meadow . tons Prairie, meadow "," .tons Timothy, pasture acres Clover, pasture acres Blue Grass, pasture acres Prairie, pasture, under fence acres Total "C -I •„ Product >"- " Acbes. 10,046,116 1,643,497 3,163,287 80,798,769 9011,550 9,794,051 362,661 4,348,545 320,394 2,543,512 361,386 325,825 447,864 472,227 280,662 9,844,869 218,252 24,002 16,714 897,444 605,681 74 84,883.92 237,583.57 1,932,860.66 37,753.56 289,437 40 13,835.71 40,577.17 2,061.94 23,026.38 24,145 42 1,893.75 49,358.68 659 65 430.78 12,743.16 83,552.35 31,318.38 6,.303.14 599,481.25 5,084.37 1,548.75 31,626.80 745,313 82 4,749,900.89 Value of Pboduct. $9,457,-569.17 862,953 54 •'1,89^,816.21 .19;mitB98 15 1,004,295 97 2,396,257 78 336,201.86 1,415,763 06 300,884 93 1,149,030 16 388,818.31 29,780.83 475,455.58 315,906.55 21,601 98 579,655 51 1,113,326 59 170,662.25 107,621 55 2,980,405 40 $43,970,494.28 State Boakd of Agriculture. FouETH Annual Report. 35 TABLE showing the Acreage of Principal Crops for 1874 and 1875, and the Increase and Decrease during the year, for the State. Crops. AcnsAOE roR 1874. Acreage FOR 1875. Ndmber OP Acres Increase in Crops Named. Number or Acres Decrease m Crops Named. Winter Wheat 438,179 30,546 278,026 1,525,421 24,115 314.926 7,866 46,164 2,617 14,103 8,815 1,739 16,844 3,166 507 4,176 55,326 29,601 13,967 433,968 5,016 13,776 397.142 3,793 505,681.74 84,883.92 237,523.57 1,9,32,860,66 37,753,56 289,437,40 13,835,71 40,577,17 2,061,53 23,026,33 24,145,42 1;893.75 49,358.68 659.65 430.78 12,742.16 82,552.33 21,218.38 6,303.14 599,481.25 5,084.37 31,626.80 745,213.82 1,548.75 67,502.74 54,337.92 15.4 177.9 56.5 "'75"9'" 173.05 0.08 19.1 '265"!"" 49.2 1.12 151.3 87.6 Eye Spring Wheat 40,402.43 ""'i4"5' 407,439.66 13,638.56 Barley Oats 25,488.60 8 4 5,969.71 Irish Potatoes _ .._ _ 5,586.83 555.47 12 1 21 2 8,923.33 15,330.42 154.75 32,514.68 Castor^eans Cotton ....-^, ». •---- Flax ..: . . 2,506.35 76.22 79 1 15.05 8,566.16 27,226.35 8,882.63 7,663.86 28 3 54.9 Prairie Meadow - 165,513:25 68.37 17,8,'50.80 348,071,82 Timothy Pasture Blue Grass Pasture Clover Pasture 2,244.25 59 2 Total . 3,669,769 4,749,900.89 1,173,058,52 92,906.63 KANSAS AND SEVEN OTHER STATES. Massachusetts thinks a good deal of Itself, almost as much as New Tork does of itself, or Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri do of themselves. And each of these States has a right, because of its agricultural achievements, to a very good opinion of its capability. Together, they form the best agricultural belt of the continent, both as respects climate and fertility of soil. Since 1863, the Department of Agriculture has presented the average yield per acre of each, the last report' being that for 1873. In , order that persons familiar with these States may be able to judge of Kansas, which they do not know, by comparing it with the crop of a State which they do know, we present line-exhibits of the average yield per acre in each of the two staple crops, corn and wheat, during twelve consecutive years. And we demur, in the outset, to the usual practice of gentle- men who are beaten by facts taken from this source, namely, that of questioning their accuracy. Probably they are not mathematically and fractionally accurate in every particular. It would be very surprising if they were, considering the vast amount of data to be collected; but that does not invalidate the force of the tes- 36 State Board of Agriculture. timony, when these statistics are used in the comparison of States, simply because the liability to inaccuracy in the returns from one State equally exists in every other. The same causes which would operate in putting the Ohio average too low, would equally operate in Pennsylvania or New York. And, as the best' and only standard that can be used, we close our budget of sample facts, illustrating the agricultural history of Kansas, with the following exhibits of the average per acre of corn and wheat. For the convenience of those who prefer to read the last chapter of a book first, we here present the summary of the corn and wheat exhibits. (See following Tables:) TABLE XIV. SUMMARY OF AVERAGE YIELD, PER ACRE, OF CORN, DURING TWELVE CONSECUTIVE: YEARS, (1863 — 1873,) OF THE FOREGOING STATES AND KANSAS. Scale.— 13 bushels to the inch. Av. of seven States. Average of Kansas. 33 tm 36.3 TABLE XV. SUMMARY OP AVERAGE YIELD, PEE ACRE, OF WHEAT, DURING TWELVE CONSECUTIVE YEARS, OF THE FOREGOING STATES AND KANSAS. SOAiE.— 6 bushels to the inch. Av. of seven states. ■■■^■■■■■■■i^^^HHBiHHHB 13.4 Average of Kansas. (■■^^■■BE^H^HH^i^^^^HH^H^HBV 15.8 There is nothing in the Constitution or national Statutes which in anyway debars those from so doing, who, in the lawful pursuit of life, liberty and happiness, elect to live in other States than Kansas. In fact, it is for the advantage of all parties thatthe population should be distributed, and the East, with its sea ports, factories and oysters, is a valuable adjunct to Kansas. Those who are snugly fixed, or who have accumulated all the wealth they desire, should remain where they are. But to those diflFerently situated, and especially to practical farmers, who have the grit,, muscle and skill to win their own way in life, we commend the story told by these twelve-year exhibits.* If the choice States of the Union are reliable agricultural States, Kansas, resting on the facts, is at least equally safe; if they have a right to entertain a good opinion of themselves, agriculturally, so has Kansas; and if it chose, it might glorify itself. Headers desiring information respecting the other industries of the State, will find the detailed facts in different portions of this volume, more especially in the statis- tical tables. • See Tables XVI and XVII. Fourth Annual Report. 37 TABLE XVI. LraE-EXHIBIT OF THE KELATITE AVERAGE YIELD, PEB ACKE, OP CORN, IN SEYEN STATES AND IN KANSAS, DURING TWELVE CONSECUTIVE YEARS. SoAut— Twelve buehelB to an Inch. 9 37 ( Average, 1862-^ ^ Kansas, ( Average, 1863 J ^ Kansas, ( Average 1864-^ ^ Kansas, ( Average, 1865] ^ Kansas, ( Average, 1866] ' Kansas, ( Average, 1867 Kansas, ( Average, 1868] ^ Kansas, 1869- Average, Kansas, ( Average, 1870 ] ' Kansas, ( Average, 1871^ ,^ Kansas, 1872- Average, Kansas, ( Average, 1873] ^ Kansas, 48.4 38 State Board of AGKicuLTtrBE. TABLE XVII. LINE-EXHrBIT OP THE BELATIVB AVEBAGB TIBLD, FEB ACRE, OP WHEAT, IN SEVEN STATES AM) m KAKSAS, DUBING TWELVE CONSECUTIVE TEAES. SoAtE— Six bushels to an inch. 16.6 ( Average, 1862 j ' Kansas, ( Average, 1863 j ^ Kansas, ( Average. 1864 j ^ Kansas, ( Average, 1865 j ^ Kansas, ( Average, 1866 j ^ Kansas, ( Average 1867-^ Kansas, ( Average, 1868-^ ^ Kansas, ( Average 1869 j ^ Kansas, ( Average 1870 j ^ Kansas, ( Average, 1871 j ^ Kansas, ( Average,! 1872-^ Kansas, 1873- [ Average ' Kansas, 21 FoTTKTH Annual Report. 39 THE RAILROADS OF KANSAS. By T. Dwight Thacbtbr. The Railroad system of Kansas affords excellent transportation facilities to nearly every section of the State, and exhibits a wonderful development when it is con- sidered, that only ten years ago there was hardly a mile of completed railway within our limits. The earlier statute books, both of the Territory and Stale, are filled with acts granting railroad charters. Prior to the outbreak of the war in 1861, efforts had been made to inaugurate w.ork upon several of these contemplated lines, and ground was broken, with imposing ceremonies and great local rejoicing, in a num- ber of localities. In 1858, citizens of the town of Atchison began the building of a railroad from the banks of the Missouri river, opposite that place, to connect with the Hannibal and St. Joseph Boad, at St. Joseph, Mo., and this enterprise was successfully com- pleted in February, 1860. But although this road was a Kansas enterprise, built by Kansas men and money, it was wholly within the State of Missouri. In 1861 it was extended from Atchison southeast to Weston, Mo., near Fort Leavenworth, and until after the close of the war was the only railroad route reaching the bor- ders of Kansas, and connecting this State with the railroad system of the country. In 1863, under the act of Congress providing for the building of a railroad to the Pacific, the construction of what is now known as the Kansas Pacific KaUway began. The first shovelful of dirt was thrown at the State line between Kansas and Missouri, near Wyandotte. The locality was then a dense forest. During the summer of 1863, the visitor to the work found a graded road-bed, beginning at tlie State line and stretching westward up the valley of the Kansas river. There was no railway connecting it with the East. It had, practically, neither beginning nor end. Missouri was still a Slave State. A large stake was planted on the line be- tween the two States, having on its eastern face, towards Missouri, the inscription, "Slave State," and on its western face, towards Kansas, and the line to the new pathway of Empire, the words, "Free State." The head of this enterprise was Samuel Hallbtt, of Steuben County, New York, a man of many most brilliant and striking traits of character. To him belongs the credit of doing the first sub- stantial work in the construction of a railroad from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean. The line from Omaha westward was not commenced until some time after. Mb. Hatj.f.tt was cruelly assassinated in the streets of Wyandotte, in August, 1864. The construction of the road then passed into the hands of St. Loijis and Eastern capitalists, with John D. Pebkt, Esq., of St. Louis, at their head. This road, with eastern termini at Wyandotte and Leavenworth, the two branches uniting at Law- rence, runs westward up the valleys of the Kansas and Smoky Hill rivers, through the entire length of the State, to Denver, Colorado, and thence to Cheyenne, Wyo- ming, where it connects with the Union Pacific Road from Omaha to the Pacific coast. At Denver it has also connections with the entire railway system of Colo- rado. It has a branch from Kit Carson to Fort Lyon, Colorado, and another from Junction City, to Clay county, Kansas 40 State Board of Agriculture. The Atcliisou, Topeka, & Santa Fe Railroad runs diagonally across the State, from northeast to southwest. Beginning at Atchison, on the Missouri river, it passes through Topeka, the State capital; crosses the Neosho river at Emporia, follows up the Cottonwood, and strikes the Arkansas river at Hutchiuson. Thence it ascends the valley of that river to Pueblo, Colorado, where it connects with the Denver & Rio Grande road, narrow gauge. An important branch of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe road runs south from Newton, Kansas, to Wichita, strikiug the Arkansas river at the latter point. It is intended to extend the main line of this road to a connection with the pro- jected Southern Pacific road, effecting a junction at some point in New Mexico. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad begins at Junction City, there connect- ing with the Kansas Pacific road, runs southeast, and strikes the Neosho rivei- at Parkerville. Thence it follows the general course of that stream, crossing the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe road at Emporia, and the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston road at Chanute, to the south line of the State, passing through the ludian Territory to Texas. Another line of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas road runs from Hannibal, Mis- souri, on the Mississippi river, through Missouri, entering Kansas near Fort Scott, crossing the Missouri River, Port Scott & Gulf road at that place, and connecting with the Junction City branch at Parsons. At Dennison, Texas, this road connects with roads leading direct to the Gulf of Mexico. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Company have also a branch road reaching from Holden, Missouri, on the Missouri Pacific, to Paola, Kansas. The Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad runs from the mouth of the Kansas river, at Wyandotte, through the eastern tier of counties, to the south liue of the State, crossing the Missouri, Kansas & Texas road at Fort Scott. The Missouri Pacific Railroad, from St. Louis, Mo., enters the State at Wyan- dotte, and thence, following the general course of the Missouri river, passes through Leavenworth to Atchison. The line from Wyandotte to Leavenworth is known as the Missouri River Railroad; and that from Lenvenworth to Atchison, as the Leavenworth, Atchison & Northwestern Railroad; but both are operated as leased lines, by the Missouri Pacitic Railroad Company. The Atchison & Nebraska Railroad leads from Atchison northwest to Lincoln, the capital of Nebraska, a distance of 146 miles. It crosses the St. Joseph & Den- ver road at Troy, Kansas, and connects at Lincoln with the Midland Pacific & Omaha and Southwestern road. A branch of the Atchison & Nebraska is also being built from Salem, Neb., north to Nebraska City, and the main line is being extended north from Lincoln to a connection with the Union Pacific road, at Fremont. The Atchison & Nebraska, Missouri Pacific, & Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf roads, thus form a continuous line along the eastern border from the north to the south line of the State. The Central Branch Union Pacific road leads from Atchison directly west to Waterviile, Marshal county, a distance of 100 miles. The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston road runs from Leavenworth, cross- ing the Kansas Pacific road at Lawrence, and thence, through the second tier of counties south of the Kansas river, to the southern Ime of the State. There is a branch of this road from Cherry Vale to Independence, and another branch from Ottawa to Kansas City, Mo. The St. Joseph and Denver road traverses the northern tier of counties from the Missouri river, opposite St. Joseph, to Hastings, Neb., there connecting with a Fourth Annual Report. 41 line, making a junction with tlie Union Pacific road at Fort Kearney. Tlie line runs tlirough Kansas about 140 miles. The Kansas Central (narrow gauge), leads from Leavenworth directly west to Holton, a distance of 56 miles. It crosses the Atchison, Topeka & Banta Fe Eailroad at Q-rasshopper Falls. The St. Louis, Lawrence & Western Railroad, runs from Lawrence eastward, through Olathe, Kansas, to Pleasant Hill, Mo., where it makes connection with the Missouri Pacific road. It is operated in connection with the Missouri Pacific. Another road, known as the Lawrence & Southwestern, extends from Lawrence westward, along the "Valley of the Wakamsa river, to Carbondale, there connecting with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. The Midland road runs from Topeka eastward, along the Valley of the Kan- sas, through Lawrence, to ihe Missouri State line. It is operated by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Company. A railroad has been built from Wathena to Doniphan, connecting there with the Atchison & Nebraska road. It is operated by the company owning this road. The Manhattan & Northwestern road has been graded from Manhattan, up the Valley of the Blue, to Irving, on the Central Branch road. About six miles of track have^ been laid on the Manhattan end of the road. A road has also been built from Fort Scott to Meinphis, Kansas, a distance of nine miles. It is called the Fort Scott, Memphis & Southeastern road. It will thus be seen, that the State is penetrated from east to west by six great lines of r.iilroads, two of these traversing its entire length. It is also spanned along its eastern border by a continuous line from north to south, while the great valleys of the Kansas, the Arkansas, the Neosho, and the Blue, are also supplied with rail- road facilities. Kansas has thus a system of railroads, such as no other State of its age can boast. And this system is connected by direct routes with the entire railway sys- tem of the Continent. The State is approached from the East by three great trunk lines from Chicago, viz;., the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, having termini on the Missouri river, both at Atchison and Leavenworth; the Hannibal & St. Joseph road, having its western termini at Atchison and Kansas City; and the Burlington & Missouri River road, with its western terminus at Atchison. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas road connects at Hannibal, on the Mississippi, with the Toledo, Wabash & Western and the Chicago, Burlington & Quiucy roads, and crossing Missouri in a southwestern direction enters Kansas near Fori Scott. The Missouri Pacific affords a direct route from St. Louis, entering Kansas at Wyan- dotte, and passing through Leavenworth to Atchison, with branches from Holden, Mo., to Paola, Kansas, and from Pleasant Hill, Mo., to Lawrence, Kansns. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern road is also a direct line from St Louis, connecting with the Kansas system of roads at Kansas City, Wyandotte, ami St. Joseph. The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluff's road traverses the valley of the Missouri, along its east bank, from Council Bluffs, Iowa, to Kansas City, Mo., having stations at the principal cities of Kansas on the Missouri river, and afford- ing, at Council Bluffs, a direct connection with the Union Pacific road and the lines leading through Iowa east and north. The Atlantic & Pacific road, from St. Louis, has a branch to Brownsville, Chero- kee county. It will thus be seen, that Kansas has eight great competing lines of railway, run- ning east, northeast, southeast, and north and south. This system connects the roads within her border with the entire railroad system leading to the Atlantic coast. Two 42 State Board of Ageicultitee. great lines through the State furnish routes to the markets of the mining regions of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, and direct connections with the Pacific coast. And still other roads afford direct routes from nearly all parts of the State to Texas and the Gulf of Mexico on the south. Railroad building in Kansas, as elsewhere throughout the country, received a severe check by the commercial crisis of 1873. There are evident signs, however, that the check is only temporary. The rapid advan-ce of the State in population and wealth, and especially in the development of its agricultural and manufactur- ing interests, is already calling for increased facilities of transportation in those sections not reached by our present system of railroads. There are a number of projected roads, upon some of which work is progress- ing; others passing through the preliminary stage of agitation and popular discus- siou which has marked the history of all our railroad enterprises. Of the seventy- three counties at present organized in the State, forty-nine are now traversed or penetrated by railroads. The following table gives the aggregate mileage of the different railroads now in operation in Kansas. The Territorial points are given, but the number of miles stated is only the length of the roads mentioned within the limits of the State of Kansas: St. Joseph and Denver — Elwood to Hastings, Neb - 1371 Atchison & Nebraska — Atchison to Lincoln, Neb 38 Central Branch Union Pacific — Atchison to Waterville 100 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe — Atchison to Pueblo, Colorado -- 467 Wathena & Doniphan __ 13^ Kansas Central — Leavenworth to Holton 56 Missouri Pacific — St. Louis to Atchison... 48 Kansas Pacific — Wyandotte to Cheyenne, Wyoming _■ 443 Missouri, Kansas & Texas — Hannibal, Mo. , to Parsons, Kansas, and Junc- tion City, Kansas, to Dennison, Texas 200f Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston — Leavenworth to Coffeyville.. 173 Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf — Wyandotte to State line _ 159 Wichita Branch of Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe — Newton to Wichita 37 St. Louis, Lawrence and Western — Pleasant Hill, Mo., to Carbondale 69 Kansas Midland — Topeka to State Line 66 Junction City and Fort Kearney — Junction City to Clay Centre... 33 Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston — branch from Ottawa to Kansas City, Missouri 53 Holden Division, Missouri, Kansas & Texas — Holden, Missouri, to Paola 17^ Memphis, Carthage & Northwestern — Pierce City to Brownsville 2^ Fort Leavenworth — Leavenworth to Fort Leavenworth 3 Fort Scott, Southeast & Memphis — Fort Scott to 6 Southern Kansas— Cherryv'ale to Independence , 9| Total miles in Kansas. 2, 130^ THE RIVERS OF KANSAS. The Missouri river fOrms the eastern boundary of the State, from the Nebraska line to Wyandotte. It is navigable almost the entire year, by the largest steam- boats, and is a very important channel of transportation. Elegant and substantial iron bridges, for railway and wagon travel, span this great river at Wathena, Atch- Fourth Annual Report. 43 ison, Leavenworth and Kansas City. The Kansas river was navigated in early days, by small steamboats, as far west as Fort Riley. In 1869 a light draught boat made several trips between the Missouri and Lawrence, taking out corn. This stream has since been bridged at Wyandotte, Lawrence, Topeka, and Wamego, and is no longer navigable. The Arkansas, Neosho, Republican, Solomon, Verdi- gris, Blue, Cottonwood, Spring, Marais du Cygne, Delaware, and Nemaha rivers, are all fine, full flowing streams, and nearly all of them afford excellent water powers. The Kansas river is dammed at Lawrence; the Blue at Manhattan, Blue Rapids, Waterville and Marysville; the Neosho, at Burlington, Neosho Falls, Le Boy, Humboldt, Oswego, and several other points, and the Delaware, at Valley Falls. The water powers afforded by the Blue, Neosho, Solomon, Republican, Cottonwood, Delaware, Marais du Cygne, and several other streams, are unex- celled in the West. The rivers and creeks of Kansas, both large and small, are more generally bridged than is common in new States. Many of these bridges are substantial iron structures resting on stone abutments and piers. COMMON ROADS. The common highways of Kansas are among the best in the world. The rolling face of the country insures good drainage. The "bottoms" lie high above the beds of the streams, so that roads can be drained by side ditches, at small expense. There are no swamps, and very rarely, a slough — that terror of most flat prairie countries. The character of the soil is such, that the roads become very sol- idly and smoothly compacted by travel, presenting a surface almost as hard as wood. A very little care suffices to give good roads the year round. In the early days of the Territory of Kansas, there were several great overland highways pass- ing through its borders, leading to California, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. These roads f()llowed the "divides," and were admirably located for permanent routes. They were made public highways by the early Legislatures; but the more recent custom of locating all roads upon township or section lines, has caused these old roads to be re-located. Our roads now generally run zig-zag, on straight lines, and very little attention is paid to avoiding irregularities of the surface TELEGRAPHS. Of telegraphs, nothing more need be said, than that the lines run along all of the railroads, and are operated by the Western Union Telegraph Company. And as the railroads traverse or penetrate nearly every section of the State, the telegraphic facilities of Kansas are excellent. The Telegraph has kept pace with the growth and development of the State. 44 State Board of Agriculture. INDUSTRIES, BY COUNTIES. ALLEN COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Gov. William Allen, of Ohio, who was for many years a member of the United States Senate from that State, and favored the doctrine of popular sovereignty, on the opening of Kansas Territory to settle- ment. Square miles, 504. Population to square mile, 13.17. Population in 1860, 3,082; in 1870, 7,022: increase in ten years, 3,940; population in 1875, 6,638: decrease ill five years, 384: increase in fifteen j'ears, 3,556. jixvn MAP OF AIJ4EN COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. nxviii irXiX. Jiixx JRXXI RAND, MCNALLY * CO., CHICAGO, 1 L.1.& G.E.ILLands .K.&rr.E.'E.XanaB Government Lands \ziA X'nsdld Lands of the Mo.E.Ft.S.& Gulf i's-, POPUL.\TION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. T0WKi*HrPS AND Cities. Pop. ToWTSSHrPS AND Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 687 469 687 398 685 491 1,358 Elm 304 1 151 Elsmore -.. Geneva - City of Humboldt Osage-- Humboldt 1 lola 508 Fourth Annual Report, 45 JVaiivity.—Boia In the United States, 6,145; in Germany, 144; in Ireland, 45; in England and Wales, 106; in Scotland, 20; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 84; in Prance, 8; in South of Europe, 11; in British America. 60: in countries hot speci- fied, 15. Sea.— Males, 3,419; females, 3,219. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado.. 9 52 7 '2 20 3 .... 1,635 772 408 ...... 143 1 3 4 10 Michigan Minnesota Mississippi .- Missouri _■ Nebraska Nevada 142 .. .. 2 5 576 26 .... 3 4 Texas Vermont.. Virginia: West Virginia , 41 15 31 1 Connecticut Delaware Illinois Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway, Denmark Italy. British America 94 7S Indiana Iowa... : Kentucky Louisiana New York North Carolina Ohio' Pennsylvania 143 20 426 59 2 15 1 16 a 44 Maryland South Carolina . 6 4 Massachusetts Tennessee 49 17 Born in Kansas, 1,691; not otherwise stated, 35. Occupation. — There are 1,253, or 67.3 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 341, or 18.3 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 113, or 60 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 156, or 8.3 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — lola, the county seat, is 79 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southerly direction. Foux of the Country. — Bottom land, 10 per cent.; upland, 90; forest, 6; prairie, 94. General surface of the country, level; average width of bottoms, one and a half miles. Timber. — Avera,ge width of timber belts, one mile; principal varieties, black walnut, hickory, cottonwood, oak, sycamore, hackberry, elm, etc. Principal Streams. — Neosho river, fed by Indian, Martin's, Deer, Elm and other creeks; Little Osage and Marmaton rivers. General course of the Neosho and Marmaton, from northwest to southeast; of the Osage, from southwest to northeast. The county is also tolerably well supplied with springs, and good well-water from 20 to 30 feet. Coal. — Charles P. Ives, of Humboldt, reports that only surface coal has been found in their county in paying quantities, and that only enough of this has been found for immediate home use. On Little Osage river and in townships 25 and 26 of ranf es 18 and 19, and township 24, range 20, this is found, and the past year some 450 tons have been mined, valued at about $3.50 per ton. The veins are about three feet below the surface. Building Stone. — Blue and red limestone and red sandstone, of good quality, abound throughout the county. Bailroad Connections. — The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad runs through the western portion ot the county, from north to south, passing through lola and Humboldt. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad enters the county on the west, running through- Humboldt, and thence south, parallel with the L., L. & G. Agricultural Statistics.— Acres in the county, 333,560; taxable acres, 807,743; under cultivation, 70,878.55; cultivated to taxable acres, 23.03 per cent. ; increase of culti- vated acres during the year, 2,380.55. 46 State Board of AGRicTjLTtjRE. ACEEAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PROBUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat -.. Eye Spring Wheiit Corn Barley _ Oats Buckwheat __ Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes , Sorghum Castor Beans Cotton _ Flax Hemp _ Tobacco Broom Corn Millet and Hungarian . Timothy Clover Prairie ...hu. ...bu. ..-bu ...bu, ...bu. ...bu ..bu. ...bu, ...bu -gall, --bu, .-fts. ...bu, ..»s, ..lbs ..lbs, -tons .tons .-tons ..tons 310.88 267.20 10.00 31,266.16 157 50 1,334.60 97 .■02 640.74 26.03 645.45 1,234.12 79.11 904.93 37.50 5.00 374.56 1,197.00 42.00 190.25 20,865.00 16.00 18.00 8.00 41.00 22.00 28.00 18:00 80.00 150.00 100.00 15.00 150.00 10.00 600.00 500.00 725.00 2.37 1.00 2.60 1.50 4,974 4,630 80 1,281,913 3,465 37,369 1,746 51,259 3,904 64,545 18,512 11,866 9,049 22,600 2,500 271,556 2,837 42 476 31,297 $ .97 .63 .73 .25 1.28 .25 .95 .35 1.00 .45 1.10 .10 1.10 .65 .08 .07 4.00 5.00 5.00 3.50 5 4,824.78 2,916.90 58.40 320,478.25 4,435.20 9,342.25 1,668.70 17,940.65 3,904.00 29,045.25 20,363.20 •1,186.60 9,953.90 14,625.00 200.00 19,008.92 11,348.00 210.00 2,.380.00 109,539,50 Daii-y Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 1,4-50 lbs.; in 1875, 7,174 lbs.; increase, 5,724 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 90,588 lbs.; in 1875, 140,269 lbs. : increase, 49,681 lbs. Farm Animals.— T^Mvabex of horses, in 1870, 1,717; in 1875, 2,935: increase, 1,208. Mules and asses, in 1870, 136; in 1875, 330: increase, 194. Cattle, in 1870, 6,477; in 1875, 13,716: increase, 7,239. Sheep, in 1870, 1870; in 1875, 828: decrease, 1,040. Swine, in 1870, 1,831; in 1875, 4,719: increase, 2,888. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,147; number of sheep killed by dogs, 53; value of sheep killed by dogs, $123.49. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 28; value of sheep killed by wolves, $65.24. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 20.12; orchards, 2,424.13; vineyards, 42.51. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 186; pounds of honey, 513; wax, 83 lbs. Fences.— Qtone, 13,958 rods; cost, $24,426.50. Rail, 149,400 rods; cost, $201,690. Board, 47,641 rods; cost, $65,258.87. "Wire, 21,000 rods; cost, $14,700.00. Hedge, 153,167 rods; cost, $84,241.85. Total rods of fence, 385,166; total cost, $390,317.22. Water Power. — The Neosho river furnishes good water power. Two dams have been constructed, supplying saw and grist mills. Manufactures. — lola township, sugar mill and pan, horse power, capital $500; same, township, saw mill, water power, capital $6,000; same township, one steam grist and saw mill, capital $10,000; same township, one waler power mill, capital $4,000; one steam furniture factory. At Humboldt there is one cigar manufactory; two steam flouring mills; one steam furniture factory. At Geneva, one steam saw and grist mill. In Osage township, one steam saw and grist mill. In Deer Creek township, one saw and grist mill. Banks. — There are no National banks. The banks, other than National, are the Humboldt Bank, and Pratt & Dayton, at Humboldt; and the banking house of L. L. Northrup, at lola. The aggregate capital of these banks is $28,000. Newspapers. — There are two weekly papers in the county, the Union, at Humboldt, and the Neosho Valley Register, at lola. Schools, etc. — There are 57 school districts and 55 school houses; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $48,947. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 7, membership 350, church edifices 4, val- FotJKTH Annual Eepoet. 47 nation |19,800. Congregational: Church 1, membership 56, church edifices 1, valu- ation $3,000. Baptist: Organizations 3, membership 150, edifices 3, valuation $12,000. Methodist: Organizations 11, membership 350, church edifices 3, parson- age 1, valuation, $13,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 13, value of church property $500. Catholic: Organizations 4, membership 660, church edifices 3, valuation $3,000. ( Libraries. — No returns. Lands. — The unsold lands are indicated on the accompanying map of this county. JIfisceKaTWOtM.— Produce of gardens, $3,298. Value of poultry and eggs sold during the year, $6,541, Number of pounds of wool produced, 3,135. Unoccupied lands are valued at from $3 to $7 per acre. ANDERSON COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Col. Jos. C. Anderson, of Lexington, Missouri, who was a member of the first Kansas Territorial Legislature, and Speaker MAP OP AKDEESON COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. rXVIII ' RXtX RXX RXXI BAND, M<->Al.LY ^ <.0,, Cli:C.-.CtJ, I L.L.& G.R.Ii.LaiidB i Unsold Lands of ttie Mo.B.B'l.S.& Gulf KB. iM.K.&T.E.Il.Lana8 48 State Boakd of Agriculture. pro tern, of the House of Representatives. Squnre miles, 576. Population to square mile, 10.08. Population in 1860, 3,400; in 1870, 5,230: increase in ten years, 2,820; population in 1875, 5,809: increase in five years, 589: increase in fifteen years, 3,409. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Top. Townships and ■ CiTIBS. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Indian Creek 180 1,048 409 805 470 628 777 456 Lincoln ._ 338 Garnet t City Monroe Ozark ai4 Reeder Eich 490 Walker Natimty. —'Batn in the United States, 5,366; in Germany, 185; in Ireland, 115; in England and Wales, 83; in Scotland, 14; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 9; in France, 6; in South of Europe, 4; in British America, 26; in countries not specified, 1. f^ Winter Wheat .- bu. 45.00 16.00 720 $ .80 % 576.00 Rye bu. 2.00 16.00 32 .40 12,80 ■Spring Wheat --. bu. 8.00 9.00 72 .60 43.20 Com bu. 837.00 33.00 29,295 .23 6,737.85 Barley bu. 2.00 16.00 ,32 1.20 38 40 Oats bu. 80.50 20.00 1,610 .30 483.00 Potatoes, Irish bu. 24 SO 70.00 1,715 .35 600.25 Sorghum _... gall. 27.00 90.00 2,430 .40 972.00 Castor Beans :bu. 1.50 12.00 18 1.00 18.00 3Iillet and Hungarian tons 21.50 2.25- 48 7.00 a36.00 5fi State Boakd of Agriculture. Dairy Products. — Butter manufactured In 1875, 255 lbs. Farm Animals.— 'J^imnhex of horSes, in 1875, 155. , Mules and asses, in 1875, 26. Cattle, in 1875, 3,699. Sheep, in 1875, 22. Swine, in 1875, 21. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 13. J^Tices.— Rail, 5,305 rods ; cost, $7,692.25. Board, 633 rods; cost, $886.20. Wire, 600 rods ; cost, $480. Total rods of fence, 6,538 ; total cost, $9,058.45. Manufactures. — Two saw mills. Banks. — None in the county. Newspapers. — None in the county. Schools, etc. — There are 12 organized school districts in the county, and one build- ing, valued at $911. Churclies. — Catholic: Organizations 1, membership 300. Libraries. — No returns. Lands. — All the unoccupied land in this county belongs to the Government, as is so shown on the map of the county. Miscellaneous. — The vacant lands consist, mainly, of the Osage trust lands, which are held at $1.25 per acre. BARTON COUNTY. Organized in 1872. Named in honor of Miss Clara Barton, of Massachusetts, who won great distinction during the war for the Union, for remarkably effective philanthropic services in the sanitary department of the army. Square miles, 1,332. Population to square mile, 1.57. Population in 1870, 2; population in 1875, 2,099 : increase in five years, 2,097. POPULATION OF 1875, BT TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships ak'd Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Buffalo -- 640 Great Bend 914 Lakin 545 Nativity — Born in the United States, 1,642 ; in Germanyy-lSl ; in Ireland, 30 ; in England and Wales, 44 ; in Scotland, 10 ; in France, 2 ; in Italy, 2 ; in South of Europe, 158 ; in British America, 17 ; in countries not specified, 13. Sex. — Males, 1,135 ; females, 964. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas CnUforaia .- Colorado 1 1 9 11 539 .-:.. 88 258 30 1 1 2 2 Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri ,__ Nebraska New Jersey New York . 59 19 2 234 31 2 147 Vermont Virginia West Virginia 7 1 1 Connecticut Illinois Indiana. 1 Wisconsin ..: Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland ,. Other South of Europe British America 90 2 18 1 7 1 139 5 Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland C Massachusetts Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee __. Texas 141 1 49 17 11 Bom in Kansas, 159 ; not otherwise stated, 14. Occupation. — There are 559, or 83.8 percent., engaged in Agriculture ; 35, or 5.2 per cent., in Professional and Personal service ; 51, or 7.6 per cent., in Trade and Transportation ; 22, or 3.2 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. Fourth Annual Repokt. 59 MAP or BARTON COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. TitXIII BSX'II jstXI ^_^ 9DALB, 8 Miles to 1 Inch. [ nsas Pacific B.B.Lands J] 1 r.& S.F.E.E.Lanas ' SAND, UCN/.JLLY ft CO.,ENG's,CHICjIGO, I Government Lands County Beat. — Great Bend, the county seat, is 174 miles in an air line from To- peka, in a westerly direction. Face of tJie Oouniry. — Bottom lands, 40 per cent.; upland, 60 per cent. ; forest, 1 60 State Board of AGRictrLTTjRE. per cent.; prairie, 99 per cent. Average width of bottoms — Arkansas river, 7 miles; creelis, two miles. General surface of the country— bottoms, level ; uplands, undu- lating. Timber. — The timber is confined to narrow strips along the streams. Varieties-, walnut, Cottonwood, ash, elm, box elder and hackberry. Principal Streams. — The Arkansas river enters the county near the southwest corner, bearing northeast to the centre of the county east and west ; thence bears •off to the southeast, forming the "Great Bend ;" Walnut creek flows southeast into the Arkansas at Great Bend. Little Walnut flows east into the Walnut. Blood, Deception and Cow creeks have a southerly or southwesterly course. The county is not well supplied with springs ; well water reached at a depth of from 10 feet on the bottoms to 60 feet on the uplands. CooZ. —Surf ace coal of the lignite variety is found in the north part of the county, in a vein of from fifteen to twenty inches in thickness. Building Slone, etc. — Sandstone in great abundance four miles north of Great Bend, extending through the county in that line of bluflTs. In the western and northern parts of the county limestone of good quality is found. Bailroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad follows the ■course of the Arkansas river through the county. Stations, EUinwood and Great Bend. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 576,000 ; taxable acres, 215,198; under cultivation, 13,161.93; cultivated to taxable acres, 6.11 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 7,127.98. ACEBAGB, AVEEAGE YIELDS. PKODUCT AND VALUE OE PBINCIPAL CROPS. g H Is EH U o H CROPS. g ga R Cj s§ o !»>H K h f « < < Ph l>ft. "Winter Wheat bu. 3,101.66 16.00 49,626 $ .98 $ 48,633.48 Bye .-. - hu. 328.00 14.00 4,608 .60 2,704.80 Spring Wheat CTorn hu. 1,108:00 10.00 11,080 .80 8,864.00 bn. 6,192.00 35.00 216,720 .25 64,180,00 Barley bu. 571.85 18.00 10,282 1.20 12,3.38.40 Oats bu. 1,536.85 21.00 32,261 .25 9,065.25 Buckwheat -. bu. 8,50 12.00 102 1.00 102.00 Potatoes, Irish bu. 158.33 75.00 11,426 .35 3,998.75 Sweet Potatoes bu. 4,74 120.00 569 1.85 711,85 Sorghum gall. 53.75 95.00 5,106 .45 2,897.70 Castor Beans Tbu. 14.00 14,00 196 1,00 196.00 Plax -- bu. 17,60 7,00 122 1,00 122.00 Hemp lbs. 1,00 400.00 400 .55 280,00 Toba«co B)B. 1,00 300.00 300 ,07 81,00 Broom Corn lbs. 36,75 650.00 20,212 .05 1,010.60 Millet and Hungarian tons 41,25 2.25 93 8.00 744,00" Dairy Products. — Butter manufactured in 1875, 4,520 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1875, 426. Mules and asses, in 1875, 106. Cattle, in 1875, 841. Sheep, in 1875, 532. Swine, in 1875, 152. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 156; number of sheep killed by dogs, ,3; value of sheep killed by dogs, $6.99. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 2.25 ; orchards, 61.12 ; vineyards, 5.08. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 2. Fences.— Hsil, 240 rods ; cost, $336. Hedge, 1,940 rods ; cost, $873. Total rods of fence, 2,180 ; total cost, $1,209. Water Powers. — Walnut creek furnishes power, which has not been utilized. Manufactures. — No report received. Fourth Annual Report. 61 Banks. — Barton County Savings Bank, Great Bend. Mwapaper.—The Great Bend Register, published weekly, at Great Bend. SclwoU, «^ Winter Wheat bu. a,S29.60 15.00 32,444 $ .97 $ 31.470.68 Rye bu. 134.00 18.00 2.412 .60 1,447.20 Com - bu. 65,662.00 41.00 2,692,142 .24 646,114.08 Barley - bu. 15.00 24.00 *0 1.25 450.00 Oats bu. 6,914.00 32.00 221,248 .29 64,161.93 Buckwheat -bu. 83.00 18.00 1,494 .95 1,418.'. Potatoes, Irish bu. 975.45 80.00 78.a3« ,30 23,410.80 Sweet Potatoes bu. 68.62 150.00 9,543 1.25 11,928.75 Sorghum Castor Beans gaU. 610.00 100.00 61,000 .50 30,500.00 bu. 2,104.00 15.00 81,560 1.15 36,294.00 •Cotton H)s. 6.00 175.00 1,050 .10 105.09 Flax bu. 2,103.00 7.00 14,721 1.00 14,721 .'10 Hemp i... Da. 25.00 700.00 175 .65 113.75 Tobacco..-- »s. 6.91 500.00 3,455 .08 276.40 Broom Corn .,- lbs. 194.00 700.00 135,800 .05 6,790.00 Millet and Hungarian tons 1,640.00 2.37 3,887 4.00 15,548 00 Timothy tons 875.00 1.00 875 5.00 . 4,875.00 Clover - ,- tone 160.25 2.50 401 5.00 2,005.00 Prairie tons 37,895.00 1.50 56,842 3.50 198,947.00 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 8,425 lbs.; in 1875, 4,100 lbs. : de- crease, 4,325 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 255,318 Its,; in 1875, 256,943 lbs. : increase, 1,735 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 5,533; in 1875, 5,585: increase, 163. Mules and asses, in 1870, 563; in 1875, 755: increase, 193. Cattle, in 1870, 15,354; in 1875, 20,315: increase, 4,961. Sheep, in 1870, 4,302; ial875, 2,867: decrease, 1(435. Swine, in 1870, 6,867; in 1875, 6,324: decrease, 543. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 2,202; number of sheep killed by dogs, 271; value of sheep killed by dogs, $631.43. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 89; value of sheep killed by wolves, |207.37. Horticulture. — ^Acres of nurseries, 95.75; orchards, 4,687.75 vineyards, 84.95. Apiaeulture. — Number of stands of bees, 501. Pounds of honey, 966; wax, 73. 64 State Board of Agrictjltuee. FcTices.— Stone, 46,470 rods; cost, $98,748.75. Eail, 394, 119 rods; cost, $512,354.70. Board, 24,699 rods; cost, $39,518.40. Wire, 46,500 rods; cost, $31,387.50. Hedge, 242,356 rods; cost, $145,353.60. Total rods of fence, 754,044; total cost, $837,362.95. Water Powers. — There are no water powers in the county utilized. Manufactures. — Freedom Township, steam saw and flouring mill, capital $6,500. Timber Hill township, steam grist and saw mill, capital, $3,000. Scott Towinship, steam flouring mill, capital $39,000. Franklin township, sawmill; at Xenia one flouring mill. In Marion township, two steam saw mills, and one water power flour- mill and saw mill. City of Fort Scott, brewery (steam), capital $6,000; wagon and carriage factory, capital $2,000; steam flouring mill, capital $50,000; steam paint and cement works, capital $20,000; steam planing mill and cabinet works, capital $10,000; marble works, capital $3,000; two cabinet factories, steam flouring mill and elevator, capital $80,000; steam foundry and machine 'shops, capital $35,000; Are- pressed and building brick manufactory, capital $15,000; steam castor oil works, capital $12,000; cabinet factory, capital $3,000; steam woolen mill, capital $6,000;. carriage factory, capital $10,000; steam flouring mill, capital $40,000; brewery, capi- tal $15,000; soap factory, capital $1,000; four cigar and one tobacco manufactories; an establishment for the manufacture of agricultural implements has recently been put in operation by the State Grange; one steam flouring mill; a pipe, drain and tile factory; planing mill and barrel factory; at Cato, one flour mill and a saw mill. Banks.— First National Bank of Fort Scott, capital $100,000; Merchants' National Bank, capital $150,000. Biisiness Souses of Principal Town. — City of Fort Scott: Agricultural imple- ments and wagons, 4; books, periodicals and stationery, 3; boots and shoes, 3; clothing and tailoring, 8; confectionery, 5; carnage depository, 1; dry goods, 7;. drugs, oils and paints, 6; furniture and upholstery, 3; groceries, 25; gunsmiths, 2; hardware, 5; hats and caps, 6; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 4; woolen factory (steam), 1; lumber, 3,; music and musical instruments, 3; millinery, 6; queensware, 4; saddles and harness, 3; sewing machines, 3. Newspapers. — The following papers are published: Fort Scott Monitor, daily and weekly, at Fort Scott; the Pioneer, weekly, at Fort Scott. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 87; school houses, 86; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $63,216: school for young ladies, under the patronage of the Catholic church. Ghurckes. — Presbyterian: Organizations 4, membership 220, church edifices, 1; valuation $4,000. Congregational: Organizations 1, membership 109, church edi- fices 1, valuation $17,500. Baptist: Organizations 6, membership 350, church edi- fipes 2, valuation $14,000. Methodist: Organizations 33, membership 892, church edifices 1, valuation $5,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $10,000. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 580, church edifices 3, valuation $10,000. Universalist: Organizations 1, membership 33. Libraries. — In seven townships in this county there are reported one public and 87 private libraries, containing 13,687 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. —Produce of gardens marketed, $6,268; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $5,843; number of pounds of wool produced, 6,806. Vacant lands are sold at from $3 to $12 per acre. Fourth Annual Report. 65 BROWN COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Albert G. Brown, of Mississippi, who had been a Member of Congress, and Governor of that State, ond was a United States Senator at the time of tlie passage of the act organizing Kansas Territory. In 1859 he was re-elected for six years, but withdrew with Jefferson Davis at the opening of the war in 1S61. Square miles, 507. Population to square mile, 15.50 Population in 1860, 2,067; in 1870, 6,823: increase in ten years, 4,756; population in 1875, 8,928: increase in five years, 3,105: increase in fifteen years, 6,861. MAP OF BEOWN COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TOWHSHIPS JlKD Cities. Pop. TOWKSHIPS AUD CiTIBS. Pop. 'TOWNSHiPS AND Cities. Pop. Hamlin 841 1,123 912 city of Hiawatha 713 1,300 1,364 Hiawatha 1,085 800 Powhattan liobinson Walnut 792 Naem^.—Btrra in the United States, 7,918; in Germany, 30»; in Ireland, 84; in England and Wales, 215; in Scotland, 30; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 98; 5 66 State Board of Agriculture. in Prance, 26; in North of Europe, 3; in Italy, 9; in South of Europe, 90; in Brif ish America, 140; in countries not specified, 6 5«x.— Males, 4,781; females, 4,147. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkan?as 4 14 2 1 7 -. . , 2 1,543 289 594 122 72 6 22 146 Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire .... 22 1,226 217 4 7 98 California West Virginia 17 Colorado Connecticut Delaware Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Sweden, Norway, Denmark France Italy Other South of Europe ... 313 1fi Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maine Maryland _._ Massachusetta New York North Carolina Ohio- Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Vermont 178 15 738 1 327 41 14 32 67 9 125 51 1 9 43 117 Michigan Born in Kansas, 3,415; not otherwise stated, 1. Ocaupatim. — There are 1,936, or 81.9 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 137, or 5.8 per cent., in Professional and Personal service ; 113, or 4,8 per cent., in Trade and Transportation ; 174, 'or 7.4 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — ^Hiawatha, the county seat is 57 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northerly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 3 per cent.; upland, 98 per cent.; forest, 8 per cent. ; prairie, 93 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one mile ; general sur- face of the country gently undulating, some portions level, but very little bluffy. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-quarter mile. Varieties : walnut, oak, hickory, cottonwood, elm, linn, box elder, soft maple, sycamore, willow, mulberry, cherry, hackberry, buckeye, honey locust, crab apple, plum. Principal Streams — Walnut Creek, runs northeast; then north and northwest, and empties into the Nemaha river. Delaware, runs a southeastern course, and emp- ties into the Kansas river. Wolf river, a southeasterly course, and empties into the Missouri river. Boys' creek, a northeast course, and empties into Nemaha river. Otter creek, runs west, and empties into the Delaware. Spring creek, runs south- east, and empties into Walnut creek. Mulberry creek runs in an easterly course, and empties into Walnut creek. The county is* very well supplied with springs; good well water obtained at a depth of from 25 to 40 feet. Coal. — Coal has been discovered to a small extent, but what portion of the area it underlies is not known Thickness, from 16 to 33 inches; found near the surface; quality, soft and not very good; used locally for fuel to a considerable extent. Building Stone, etc. — Very extensive quarries of good limestone are found. They are mostly located in the -western part of the county, in Walnut township. Railroad Connections. — The St. Joseph and Denver City railroad enters the county on the east: traverses the entire extent of the county in a general westerly direc- tion. Principal station, Hiawatha. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 368,640; taxable acres, 328,886: under cultivation, 137,028.87; cultivated to taxable acres, 41.66 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 13,688.87. Fourth Annual Eeport. 67 ACEKAGB, AVEKA.GB YIELDS, PKODUOT AND VALUE OF PEINaPAL CEOPS. CEOPS. p n o Pi ' og g§ Winter Wheat bu. Eye bu. Spring Wheat bu. Com ^i..bu. Barley bp. •Oats .:.U.L.bU. Buckwheat bu, PotatooB, Irish ^ .j..bu. Sweet Potatoes ...bu, Sorghum I.gall, Castor Beans L - bu. Cotton tta, Plax bu. Hemp Iba Tobacco '. tts. Broom Com lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy ^tons Clover tons Prairie tons 9,540.50 1,893. 15 ■ 8,711.50 68^610.00 8,517.85 9,177.75 1,741 60 541.17 8.84 846.10 96.00 1,305.00 6.00, 1,-108.25 1,309.41 605.36 85.00 26,06.'!. 50 20.00 SO. 00 10.00 43.00 26.00 35 00 20.00 100.00 123 00 110 00 14.00 190,810 87,855 37,115 3,785,880 . 91,448 821,221 34.832 64,117 1,105 27,071 1,344 8.00 800.00 10,440 4,800 800.00 2.62 1.26 3.00 1.60 1,046,600 3,431 757 105 39,095 $1.03 .60 .76 .22 1.25 .25 .85 .25 1.12V4 .55 1.12 $196,534.20 22,718.00 28,807.40 601,760.60 114,310.00 80,305,25 29,607.20 13,531.25 1,243.12 14,889.05 1,505.28 1.05 .65 10,962 00 3,120.00 .08 5 60 6.60 6.85 3.50 83,728.00 18,870.60 4,163.60 651.25" 136,888,50 Large Profit. — Statement of S. C. Amend, of Grand Prairie: Broom Corn : I plowed the ground eis;ht inches deep, harrowed, and planted broom corn in rows 3}^ feet apart. The variety planted was the "Tennessee Evergreen." Plowed it once with a cultivator. The soil is high prairie sandy- loam, and has been in cultivation five years. I planted on the 23d of May, and harvested the crop on the 23d of August. The yield was eight hundred pounds per acre. The cost of producing was as follows; Plowing, 18 acres, at $1.25 per acre $22.60 Harrowing ^ ; > 7.50 Planting 6.00 Cnltivaung 6.00 Cutting 60.00 Hauling to shed 12.00 Seeding and drying : 40.00 Baling, 71-5 tone, at $6.00 per ton 43.20 $195.20 Eighteen acres, at 800 lbs., 14,400 lbs. Value of 14,400 lbs. at 8 cents $1,158.00 Lees cost of cultivation, etc 193.20 Profit of 18 acres $956.80 Dairy Pfpduets.-rCheeae manufactured in 1870, 3,605 lbs.; in 1875, 2,051 lbs..; ■decrease, 1,'S54 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 131,257 lbs.; in 1875, 210,223 lbs. ; increase, 78,966 lbs. Farm Animals.— Nnmher of horses in 1870, 3,004; in 1875, 5,607: increase, 2,608. Mules and asses, in 1870, 283; in 1875 704: increase, 421. Cattle, in 1870, 7,908; in 1875, 16.618; increase, 8,710. Sheep, in 1870, 2,509; in 1875, 687; decrease, 1,903. Swine, in 1870, 7,900; in 1875, 13,.585: increase, 5,685. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,560; number of sheep killed by dogs, 108 ; value of sheep killed by dogs, $251.64. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 32; value of sheep killed l?y wolves, $74.66. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 13,235; orchards, 2,795; vineyards, 32.94. ApieusuUure. — ^Number of stands of bees, 196; pounds of honey, 1,195; wax, 103. Fences.— Stone, 2,523 rods; cost, $6,938.25. Rail, 91,147 rods; cost, $127,605.80, 68 State Boaiid of Agriculture. Board, 353,664 rods; cost, $495,129.00. Wire, 44,700 rods; cost, $32,407.50. Hedge,. 109,700 rods; cost, $65,830. Total rods of fence, 601,234 ; total cost, $727,901.15. Herd Law. — The night herd law is in operation in but three townships, and is of little benefit. Water Powers. — There are some water powers, almost wholly undeveloped, and their extent and value have not been established by surveys. There is but oae water mill in the county, on Walnut creek. Manufactures. — Padonia township, one grist mill ; at Hiawatha, one grist mill. Banks. — There is one private bank at Hiawatha, Barnett, Morrill & Co. Business Houses of Principal Town. — City of Hiawatha; Agricultural implements- and wagons, 3; boots and shoes, 2; clothing and tailoring, 2; confectionery, 1; dry goods (general or mixed), 4; drugs, oils and paints, 2; furniture and upholstery, 1; groceries, 4; gunsmiths, 1; hardware, (tinware included), 2; jewelry, clocks and watches, 2; lumber, 3; millinery, 3; merchandise ("country store"), 1; saddles and harness, 1; sewing machines, 3; grain dealers, 3. — Newspapers. — Two weekly papers, the Diipatch and Herald, are jjublished at Hiawatha. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 72; school houses, 69; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $80,814. 0/iurcJies. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 51, church edifices 1,, valuation $3,500. Congregational: Organizations 4, membership 92, chuich edi- fices. 2, valuation $7,000. Baptist; Organizations 6, membership 250, church edi- fices 2, valuation $5,000. Methodist: Organizations 1, membership 53. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 10. Catholic: Organizations 2, membership 190,, church edifices 1. Universalist ; Organizations 1, membershii) 20. • Libraries. — Pour public and 81 private libraries, aggregating 6,728 volumes, are reported in five townshijjs. Lands. — The unsold lands of this county, aggregating 49,594.94 acres, belong to the Central Branch Union Pacific Railway. They are not designated oh the map- of the county, as the descriptions were received too late. Miscellaneous. — Product of gardens marketed, $919; poultry and eggs sold' during the year, $5,731.75; number of pounds of wool produced, 3,744. Wages: Farm laborers, with board, $15 to $20; laborers in cities, or on public improvements, per day, $1.'50 to $2; carpenters, $2.50 to $3; bricklayers and stonemasons, $3 ta $4; house painters, $3.50 to S3; wagon makers, $3 to $2.50; blacksmiths, $2 to- $2.50; shoemakers, $2 to $8.50; harness makers, $3 to $8; tailors, $3 to $2.50;. clerks, per' month, $25 to $50; tinners, per day, $1.50 to $2. Prices of unoccupied, lands range from $5 to $20 per acre. Fourth Annual Report. 69 BUTLER COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in lienor of Andrew P. Butler, for twelve years a United States Senator from Soutli Carolina, from 1857 to 1869. He was a zealous advocate of the right of the South to introduce slavery into the Territory of Kansas. MAP OF BUTLEK COUNTY, KAXSAS, 1875. Rill UJV RV I A.T.tSb S.F.R.B.Lands Hi Government RANO.UoNALLr & Co..]fNOR'l(,CDlCA00. Lauds :Square miles, 1,428. Population to squaie mile, 6.89. Population in 1860, 437; in 1870, 3,035: increase in ten years, 2,598; population in 1875, 9,852; increase in five years, 6,817: increase in fifteen years, 9,415. 70 State Boakd of Agriculture. POPULATION OF ]875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and CiTlBS. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Augusta 798 294 625 283 215 300 341 490 219 447 287 1,136 236 230 212 437 119- 393 Bloomington 384 Clifford 807 Fairmount 261 Fairview Hickory Little Walnut 487 219 Pleasant Plum Gi'ove Prospect 343 Richland . Rock Creek Rosalia 875 414 Walnut M^iimty.— Bom in the United States, 9,318; in Germany, 130; in Ireland, 51; in England and Wales, 117; in Scotland, 30; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 67;. in France, 7; in North of Europe, 16; in South of Europe, 10; in British America,, 100 ; in countries not specified, 15. Ste.— Males, 5,377; females, 4,475. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 9 Michigan 228 Texas 43 Arkansas 29 Minnesota 119 Veimont 14 California 16 Mississippi 8 Virginia 70 Colorado 12 Missouri 1,357 ■West Virginia HO Connecticut 4 Nebraska 55 Wisconsin 199 Delaware 3 Nevada 1 Dist. of Columbia and the Georgia 6 New Hampshire 10 Territories 22 Dlinois 2,175 813 New Jersey _ . 9 Germany Ireland VK New York 162 3 Iowa ......1,132 North Carolina. 112 England and Wales 20 Kentucky 319 Ohio 602 Scotland a Louisiana 4 Pennsylvania 188 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark British America ' 63 n 8 M Maryland. South Carolina 10 83 28 Tennessee 101 Born in Kansas, 1,648; not otherwise stated, 70. Occupation. — There are 2,186, or 79.8 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 269, or9.8'. per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 93, or 3.3 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 188, or 6.8 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Eldorado, the county seat, is 107 miles in an air line from Topeka, iu a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 15 per cent.; upland, 85 per cent.; forest, 5 per cent; prairie, 95 per cent. General surface of the country, undulating. Aver- age width of bottoms, one and three-quarter miles. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-quarter mile. Varieties: walnut, oak, hackberry, hickory, sycamore and elm . Principal Streams. — Walnut and Whitewater; tributaries of the former, Little Walnut, Hickory, Turkey, Rock creek, etc. There are many smaller streams and an abundance of fine springs; good well water obtained at a depth of about thirty feet. Coal. — It is reported that there have been recent developments of coal, but no- definite data received. Building Stone, etc. — Plenty of stone is found of various qualities. It is stated that lead has been discovered, but to what extent no information is at hand. Gyp- sum has also been discovered on the Whitewater. BaUroad Connections. — There are no railroads in the county. AgrieuUural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 918,920; taxable acres, 547,241; under cultivation, 95,173.23; cultivated to taxable acres, 17.39 per cent. ; increase of culti- vated acres during the year, 23,592.33. FouKTH Annual Report. 71 ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. 1 n H as < £ (l< ^£ Winter Wheat bii. 14,968.75 22.00 329,092 $1.00 $329,092.00 Rye - bu. 2,080.50 20.00 41,010 .50 20,505.00 Spring Wheat bn. 444.00 12.00 5,.'i28 .78 4,155.84 Corn bu. 34,878.50 45.00 1,569,532 .20 81^906.40 Barley bu. 69.50 24.00 1,668 1.22 2,034.76 Oats -bu. H,82i5.83 35.00 413,834 .18 74,490.12 Buckwheat bu. 38.50 21.00 808 .80 646.40 Potatoes, Irish bu. 753.34 125.00 94.167 .20 18,833.40 Sweet Potatoes .bu. 27.37 16.?. 00 4,516 .95 4,890.20 Sorghum gall. B75.13 120.00 69,014 ' .50 34,507.00 Castor Beans bu. 89.00 16.00 1,424 1.10 1,566.40 Cotton ...., - -B)8. 14.11 200.00 2.8J2 .08 225.16 Elar. - bu. 131.11 10.00 1,311 1.00 1,311.00 Hemp lbs. .66 800.00 528 .60 316.80 Tobacco Bs. 29.62 700.00 20,734 .07 1,451.38 .._ lbs. 104.95 2,567.50 850,00 2.62 89,207 6,727 .06 4.00 5,352.42 Millet and Hungarian -tons 26,908.00 Timothy .tons 77.00 1.50 115 5.00 575,00 Clover tons 74.50 3.00 223 5.00 1,115.00 Prairie — .tons 3,739.00 1.75 6,543 3.00 19,629,00 Largk Yields. — Winter Wheat— Statement of Jeriel WUday, of Augusta: Drilled in the gold drop — a variety of winter wheat resembling May wheat, on bottom land in the forks of Walnut and Whitewater creeks. Harvested over 63 bushels per acre. The ground had been in cultivation five years, and had been planted in wheat for several previous seasons. I plowed six to seven inches deep, and used one and one-half bushels of seed per acre. Capt. A. D. Lee, on Walnut creek, harvested 1,100 bushels of wheat on 30 acres of .ground. This wheat weighed 63i lbs. to the bushel measure. Henry StuU, near Augusta, had on a field of 36 acres, 45 bushels per acre. What he sold graded No. 1. He plowed eight inches deep, and harrowed carefully before drilling. Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 150 lbs.; in 1875, 1,060 lbs.; in- crease, 910 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 2,630 lbs.; in 1875, 306,053 lbs. . in- crease, 303,433 lbs. Farm ^nimofe.— Number of horses, in 1870, 987; in 1875, 4,098: increase, 3,111. Mules and asses, in 1870, 148; in 1'75, 731: increase, 583. Cattle, in 1870, 5,536; in 1875, 13,937: increase, 8,391. Sheep, in 1870, 3,603; in 1875, 1,559: decrease, 1,044. _ Swine, in 1870, 684; in 1875, 5,991: increase, 5,307. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,636; number of sheep killed by dogs, 52; value of sheep killed by dogs, $131.16. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 63; value of sheep killed by wolves, $146.79. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 59.37; orchards, 3,001.18; vineyards, 33.6. Apiaeulture. — Number of stands of bees, 13; pounds of honey, 50; wax, 35. Fences.— Btone, 10,663 rods; cost, $35,322.35. Kail, 101,130 rods; cost, $136,525.50. Board, 21,033 rods; cost, $36,391.35. Wire, 13,300 rods; cost, $9,975.00. Hedge, 194,453 rods; cost, $93,364.70. Total rods of fence, 340,577; total cost, $390,478.70. Eerd Law. — The herd law has been in force throughout this county since May 6, 72 State Board of Agriculture. 1872. " We could not get along without it; it is a good law for the farmer and stock raiser." Water Powers.— There are good water powers in the county, but little utilized as yet. Manufactures.— In Eldorado there is one steam and one water mill, one tannery, one cheese factory, and one furniture factory. There are two adtlitional water and one steam mills in the county. There is one cigar manufactory at Walnut creek. At Augusta, a steam lumber mill, two cabinet manufactories ; two carriage and farm wagon manufactories, one broom factory; one steam flouring mill; one water power flouring mill, and three steam saw mills. At 'i^owanda, one water flouring mill, one water grist mill, and one cheese factory. At Douglas, two steam saw mills. At Spring township, one water power flouring mill. Banks. — Banking house of Brown Bros., at Augusta. Jfewspapers.— There are two weekly newspapers, the Walnut Valley Times, at Eldorado, and the Southern Kansas Oazeiie, at Augusta. Sclwols, «te.— Organized school districts, 124; number of school houses, 90; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus $80,500. C/mrc7ies.— Presbyterian: Organizations 4, aggregate membership 80, church edi- fices 1, valuation $3,500. Congregationalist: Organizations 2, membership 20. Baptist: Organizations 6, membership 204. United Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 15. Methodist: Organizations 8, membership 143, church edifices 1, valuation $2,000. Catholic: Organizations 4, membership 500. Libraries.— Ot 26 townships, reports are received from seven only; these have one public and 37 private libraries, containing 1,832 volumes. Lands.— The unsold lands are indicated on the accompanying map of the county. Miscettaneous.—Pro&ace of gardens marketed, $2,435.50; poultry and eggs sold, $6,035.25; number of pounds of wool produced, 3.237. Warjts.—FArm laborers with board, per month, $15 to $20; carpenters, per day, $1.75 to $2 50; bricklayers and stonemasons, $3 to $2.50; house painters, $2 to $2.50; wagon makers, $2.50 to $8; blacksmiths, $3; shoe makers, $2.50. Unoc- cupied lands are sold at from $3 to $8 per acre. CHAUTAUQTJA COUISTTY. Organized in 1875. Named for Chautauqua county, New York, the former home of Hon. Edward Jacquins, who was a member of the Kansas Legislature, in 1875, from Howard county, and introduced the bill dividing Howard county into Chau- tauqua and Elk. Square miles, 651. Population to square mile, 11.39. ♦Popula- tion in 1875, 7,417. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. ■Relleville - ----- 936 1,369 479 Caneyville 875 614 1,418 Centre LittleCaney.. Washington 818 448 Sedan 460 Nativity. — Born in the United States, 7,140; in Germany, 46; in Ireland, 45; in * The Legislature of 1875 passed a bill, dividing Howard county into two c lunties. — Chautauqua and Ell£. The division line v as run through the centre of the county, from east lo west; the county upon the north being called Elk, and upon the soutb, Chautauqua. The population of Howard county in 1860, was 19; in 1870, 2,794; an increase in ten years of 2,775; in 1875, the combined population of Elk aud Chautauqua counties was 13,632; an increase in five years of 10,838, and an increase in fifteen years of 13.613. FoTJETH Annual Report. 73 England and Wales, 78; in Scotland, 17; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 143; in France, 6; in North of Europe, 6; in Italy, 1; in South of Europe, 13; in BritisL America, 18; in countries not specified, 8. &;■.— Males, 3,970; females, 3,447. _J»V I MAP OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. J^IX ^X RXI KXII Tixiir m 351 ItANU, U(;24A1.LV A <.U.,t:.Nu's,CUICAGO. I Government Lands WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama _ 1 Michigan ..... 76 Texas 41 Arkansas 140 Minnesota ', 10 Vermont 4 California ...1. W Mississippi J... ' 18 Virginia 24 Colorado 11 Missouri 1,539 West Virginia 5S Connecticut 12 Nebraska 61 Wisconsin i)4 Delaware . .. 1 Nevada ..... 3 Dist. of Columbia and the Georgia Illinois 8 6 40 ....1,601 NewToik 47 Germany 4 Indiana 681 North Carolina ..... 1 Ireland 3 Iowa.. -. — . 901 Ohio 203 England and Wales M Kentucky .... 181 Oregon 13 Svtjeden, Norway and Den- Louisiana .... 3 Pennsylvania 62 mark 7 Maryland .... 7 Rhode Island 4 Other North of Europe 3 .... a Tennessee 23 7 Born in Kansas, 1,488; not otherwise stated, 3. Occupation. — There are 1,600, or 85.5 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 91, or 4.8 per 'cent., in Professional and Personal services; 46, or 2.4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation ; 133, or 7. 1 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Sedan, the county seat, is 135 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southerly direction. 74 State Board of Agkiculture. Bailroad Connecliorm. — There are no railroads in the county. Agricultural Staiiaiics.— Acres in the county, 414,080; taxable acres, 170,459; under cultivation, 55,772.50; cultivated to taxable acres, 33.71 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 8,700. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALtJE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat .- j. hu. Rye ?. bu. Spring Wheat.. _ bu. Corn hu. Barley bu. Oats hu. Buclcwheat hu. Potatoes. Irisli bu. Sweet Potatoes hu. Sorghum ,. .gall. Castor Beans .bu. Cotton lbs. Flax hu. Hemp lbs. Tobacco ; B)s. Broom Corn lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie .tons K So n a S n p a g |!= & ^§ »H 6,474.00 20.00 189,480 $ .85 $100,058.00 247.85 20.00 4,945 .48 2,373.60 19.50 12.00 234 .77 180.18 27,070.00 42.00 1,136,940 .20 227,388.00 2,00 24.00 48 1.20 57.60 654.75 34.00 22,661 .17 3,784.37 12.25 20.00 245 .80 196.00 38i.57 110.00 42,413 .80 8,482.60 57. 50 160.00 9,200 .90 8,2-^0.00 690 00 115.00 79,350 .50 39,675.00 104.12 14 00 1,468 1.12 1,6.32.96 364.29 200.00 72,858 .08 5,828.64 81.00 11.00 891 1.00 81.00 .75 850.00 637 .60 382.20 11.12 650.00 7,828 .07 506.96 54.35 740.00 40,367 .06 2,422.02 590.25 2.75 1,623 3.75 6,086.26 42.50 1.25 53 5.00 265.00 226.49 2.50 664 5.25 2,961.00 9,244.92 1.50 13.867 3.00 41,601.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 325 lbs.; in 1875, 620 lbs.: increase, 295 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 3,600 lbs. ; in 1875, 159,427 lbs. : increase, 155,837 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 135; in 1875, 3,441: increase, 3,316. Mules and asses, in 1870, 13; in 1875, 430: increase, 417. Cattle, in 1870, 935; in 1875, 12,473: Increase, 11,538. Sheep, in 1870, 300; in 1875, 3,363: increase, 3,163. Swine, in 1870, 211; in 1875, 4,391: increase, 4,180. Dogs. — Number ot dogs in the county, 1,394; number of sheep killed by dogs, 104; value of sheep killed by dogs, $343.33. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 24; value of sheep killed by wolves, $55.93. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 10.68; orchards, 1,390.11; vineyards, 24.12. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 14; pounds of honey, 105; wax, 5. Mnces.— Stone, 13,135 rods; cost, $27,911.87. Bail, 287,593 rods; cost, $424,199.67. Board, 6,305 rods; cost, $9,457.50. Wire, 30,700 rods; cost, $^3,025.00. Hedge, 53,147 rods; cost, $30,559.53. Total rods of fence, 390,880; total cost, $515,153.36. Manufactures. — At Peru, a water power, saw and grist mill. At Cloverdale, one saw and grist mill, and one steam saw mill. At Boston, one water-power saw and grist mill, one steam saw and grist mill. At Cedarville, one water-power saw and grist mill, one saw and one grist mill. At Grafton, a steam saw and grist mill, one grindstone manufactory. At Matanzas, a steam saw and grist mill. At Salt Creek, a steam saw mill. At Elk City, a steam saw mill. Banks. — None m the county. Newspaper. — The Journal, weekly, at Sedan. Schools. — Organized school districts, 80; number of school houses, 71; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $32,555. OhurcJies. — Baptist: Organization 10, inembership 303. Libraries. — ^In five townships there are four public and 87 private libraries, with 5,914 volumes. Fourth Awntjal Report. 75 Lands. — The unsold lands are shown by the annexed map of the county. MisceSa'iieous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $839; poultry and eggs sold $3,097.50; number of pounds of wool produced, 6,642. Prices of unoccupied land& range from $1.35 to $4 per acre. CHASE COUNTY. Organized in 1859. Named in honor of Salmon P. Chase, Governor of Ohio,. United States Senator, Secretary of the United States Treasury, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. As a United States Senator, when Kansas Territory was organized, he earnestly opposed the extension of slavery into- the new State to be formed. Square miles, 750. Population to square mile, 4.15. Population in 1860, 1,046; in 1870, 1,975: increase in ten years, 939; population in 1875, 3,116: increase in five years, 1,141: increase in fifteen years, 3,070. POPtrtATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 696 486 606 377 Diamond Creek Toledo 663 Falls Cottonwood Falls 488 Naiimty. — Born in the United States, 3,786; in Germany, 74 ; in Ireland, 48;.. in England and Wales, 82; in Scotland, 30; in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 43; in Prance, 23; in North of Europe, 1; in South of Europe, 6; in British America, 33; in countries not specified, 1. Sex. — Males, 1665; females, 1451. WHERE FKOM T O KANSAS. Arkansas . California Colorado Connecticut Delaware --- 1 5 2 2 v.." "i 416 285 250 61 1 3 17 9 118 6 Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada ,.— New Hampshire .- 3 265 3 1 2 Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe... Italy Other South of Europe... British America 43 54 112 3 Georgia. niinois 1 NewYork 111 25 2 Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Ohio -.. . Oregon . -..__ 257 2 1 PeTiTiRylv"niR 103 19 10 Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota ..'.. South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont "'.'.'.'.'. "'si 10 8 1 12 Born in Kansas, 881; not otherwise stated, 1. Occupation. — There are 647, or 75.8 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 76, or 8.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 41, or 4.8 per cent., in Trade and Transportation ; 89, or 10.4 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Cottonwood Falls, the county seat, is 67 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Mux of tJie Country. — Bottom land, 13 per cent. ; upland, 88 per cent. ; forest, 5 per cent; prairie, 95 per cent. The general surface of the country, except iii the bot- toms, is undulating, with a considerable extent of bluflEs adjoining the valleys of the streams. 76 State Board of Agbicultuke. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, three-eighths of a mile. Varieties: -wal- nut, burr oak, hackberry, hickory, sycamore and Cottonwood. Principal Streams. — Cottonwood river is the principal stream. It runs from the northwest corner of township 31, in range 6, east on the west line of the county, to within two miles of the northwest corner of town 19, range 8; thence continues an eastwardly course. Tributaries on the north, Buckeye, Peyton, Fox, Diamond, MAP OF CHASE COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. RVJJ 22 H Government Lands H A.T.& SJE.E.KlLauOB RAND, MCNALLY A CO.,BNG B,CmCAGO. M.K.& T.E.E.Lands Middle, Silver and French creeks; general course southeast. Tributaries on the south, Jacobs, Bloody, South Fork, and several smaller ones; general course south. The county is tolerably well supplied with springs, and good well water may gener- ally be reached at a depth of 25 feet. Fourth Annual Report. 77 Coal. — None of any consequence has been developed. Building Stone, etc. — An excellent quality abounds. Samples of the magneslan limestone may be seen in the bases of the columns which support the portico of the Capitol building; also in the court house at Leavenworth; the piers of the Atchison bridge, and in a bank building at Kansas City. There is a considerable de- maud for this stone in the prominent towns of the State. Ochre has been discov- ered, but no use made of it as yet. Railroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad enters the county on the northeast, and runs through the county in a southwesterly direction, via Cottonwood Falls. AgricuUural Slatiitics. — Acres in the county, 480,000; taxable acres, 408,203; under cultivation, 31,311.82; cultivated to taxable acres, 7.67 per cent. ; increase of cultivated acres during the year, 7,188.82. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. g o@ ta t> PS hJ o < S Winter Wheat Rye Spring Wheat Com Barley Oats Buckwlieat Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorghum ,. Castor Beans Cotton ' Flar Tobacco i Broom Corn Millet and Hungarian. Timothy.^ , Clover.. 1 Prairie t_. ..hu. ..bu. -.bn, ..bu. ..bu. ..bu ..bu. ..bu. i.bn, .gait. ;.bu. ..lbs. i.bu, -Iba. ^.IbBi .tons .tons -tons .tons 5,994.00 408. SO 3,166.00 27,070.00 163.00 2,078.85 1.36 290.84 20.50 78.00 44.00 50 1.25 2.87 1.50 523.75 18.50 10.00 8,101.00 2-2.00 22.00 14.00 42.00 22.00 35.00 20.00 80.00 163.00 1.20 15.00 150.00 11.00 6.50 870.00 2.75 1.26 8.00 2.00- 131.868 8,987 80,324 1,136,940 3,6.30 72-i739 27 23,267 3,341 9,360 660 75 14 1,865 1,305 1,440 23 30 16,202 $1.05 .62 .72 .80 1.25 .25 .90 .42>^ .87>f .50 1.15 .08 1.06 .07X .08 5.75 3.00 $138,461.40 5,571.94 21,833.28 227,388.00 4,537.60 18,184.75 34.30 9,888.37 2,923.37 4,680.00 7-9.00 6.(0- 14.84 139.87 104.40 5,760.00 138.00 172.50 48,606.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 210 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 41,115 lbs.; in 1875, 93,112 lbs,; iflcrease, 51,967 lbs. Farm Animals.— 'Nnmbei of horses, in 1870, 1,189; in 1875, 2,483: increase, 1,293. Mules and asses, in 1870, 60; in 1875, 138: increase, 68. Cattle, in 1870, 5,931; in 1875, 10,450: increase, 4,519. Sheep, in 1870, 1,3^5; in 1875, 509: decrease, 746. Swine, in 1870, 588; in 1875, 1,130: increase, 545. ' Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 613; number of sheep killed by dogs, 13; value of sheep killed by dogs, $30.39. Numberof sheep killed by wolves, 31 ; value of sheep killed by wolves, $73.23. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 2; orchards, 413.25; vineyards, 13.87. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 3. Fences.— Btone., 6,488 rods; cost, $16,320.00. Rail, 91,869 rods; cost, $128,626.60. Board, 33,939 rods; cost, $42,433.75. Wire, 13,200 rods; cost, $105,60.00. Hedge, 8,743 rods; cost, $5,027.22. Total rods of fence, 154,239; total cost, $303,857.57. Herd Law.- — The herd iaw is not in force in this county. Water Power.— The Cottonwood river furnishes excellent water power, as yet but slightly utilized. Manufacturer. — Bazaar township, one flouring mill, water-power and hand-loom, capital, $3,500. Cottonwood, two water-power fl^ouring mills, stone sawing works. 78 State Boaed op Ageioulttteb. Toledo, water-power flouring mill, capital |2,000. Falls township, flouring mill capital $3,500. Diamond Creek; flouring mill, capital $1,000. At Cedar Point, a grist mill. At Elmdale, a saw mill. At Silver Creek, one saw mill, one saw and grist mill. At Safford, a saw and grist mill. Banks. — Chase County Bank, of Cottonwood Falls. Newspapers. — Two weekly papers are published at Cottonwood Falls, the Chase County Leader and the CmirarU. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 36; school houses, 33; denominational schools, one (Catholic), Cottonwood Falls; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $31,568. ^t CHASE COTOfTT COURT HOUSE. Churches. — Congregational: Organizations 1, membership 34, church edifices 1, valuation $3,500. Baptist: Organizations 2, membership 83. United Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 33. Methodist: Organizations 3, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $8,500. Episcopal: Membership 12. Catholic: Organi- zations 3, membership 400, church edifices 1, valuation $800. Libraries. — Nine public libraries, containing 1,352 volumes, and 43 private libra- ries, with 3,816 volumes, are reported from this county. Lands. — The accompanying map shows the unsold lands in this county. Miscellaneous, — Produce of gardens marketed, $501. Poultry and eggs sold, $1,039. Number of pounds of wool produced, 980. Wage» — Farm laborers per month, with board, $16 to $35; laborers, in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1.50 to $2; carpenters, $1.50 to $3; brick- layers and stonemasons, $3 to $2.50; harness makers, $1.50 to $3; tinners, $2 to $3.50. Prices of vacant lands from $1.50 to $8 per acre. Fourth Annual Eepoet. 79 CHEROKEE COUNTY. Organized in 1866. Named McGee, in 1855, in honor of E. M. McGee, a Member of the Territorial Legislature. In 1868, the name Cherokee was adopted, by rea- son of the fact that the reservation of the tribe of Indians of that name was in part within the limits of the county. Square miles, 589; population to square mile, 20.75. Population in 1860, 1,501; in 1870, 11,038: increase in ten years, 9,537; pop- ulation in 1875,13,333: increase in five years, 1,185: increase in fifteen years, 10,732. MAP OF CHEEOKEE COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. jaXXll RXXIII rXXIV ItXXV 'too IL IRXXI StAMD. McHALLV * OO., CHICAQO. Govennnen[t Lands^. POPULATION op 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and ClTlBS. . Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 1,279 1,176 959 875 905 Crawford Lvon -. 71l' 676 741 1,341 Lolla 508 Lowell Neosho .. 943 Salamanca Baxter Springs 1,150 Sheridan 1,059 Natimiy. — Born in the United States, 11,564; in Germany, 179 ; in Ireland, 148 ; in "England and "Wales, 133; in Scotland, 14; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 49; 80 State Board of Agkicultuke. in France, 8; in North of Europe, 16: in South of Europe, 18; in British America, 83 ; in countries not specified, 13. Sea;.— Males, 6,439; females, 5,784. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. 2 225 18 13 -. . 7 2,B46 i.oa 1,2!I0 105 1 4 1 15 124 64 Vermont Virginia 1 Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada __ 8 2,877 68 1 1 ,39, California Colorado Georgia Illinois West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Sweden. Norway and Den- mark France Other South of Europe . . . British America 3 119 4n Indiana lowa.i-- Kentucky Louisiana New York North Carolina Ohio" Pennsylvania , 78 56 429 136 1 3 4 22 7 Maryland Massachusetts Michit'an South Carolina . . 2 1 Tennessee Texas -. 14.3 278 5 44 Born in Kansas, 2,195; not otherwise stated, 13. Occupaiion. — There are 2,183, or 73 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 358, or 11.8 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 156, or 5.1 per cent., m Trade and Transportation; 338, or 10.9 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Columbus, the county seat, is 135 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southeasterly direction. Face of (he Country. — Bottom lands, 20 per cent.; upland, 80 per cent. ; forest, 10 percent.; prairie, 90 per cent. Average width of bottoms, 1^ miles; general sur- face of the country undulating. The dividing ridge between the Neosho and Spring rivers forms a water shed; general directibn of watei', east and west. TjmJer.^Average width of timber belts, one-half mile. Varieties ; oak, elm, hickory, pecan, black walfiti sycamore, cottonwood, hackberry, mulberry, ash^ hard and soft maples, etc. Principal Streams. — Spring river, running from northeast to southwest; tributa- ries on the east. Shoal, Shot and Turkey creeks, running west; tributaries on the west. Willow, Brush, Shawnee and Cow creeks, all running from northwest to southeast. Neosho river, in the western jDart of the county, running south ; tribu- taries on east side, Tar, Fly, Cherry, Lightning and Limestone creeks, running from northeast to southwest. The county is tolerably well supplied with snrings, and good well water is found at a depth of from 18 to 75 feet. Coal. — Prof. B. F. Mudge certifies that coal is found at the surface, and at a. depth not to exceed fifty feet, in townships 33 and 34, of ranges 33 and 24, covering half of those townships. It is in strata from twelve to twenty-four inches in thickness. It is bituminous coal, is used only locally, and is delivered in the towns at from $2 to |3.50 per ton. It is also found in townships 31 and 33, of ranges 23, 24 and 35, in veins of from three to four feet in thickness. It is frequently shipped under the name of Fort Scott coal. Building Stone, etc. — Sandstone is found on the prairies, and limestone along the streams, both in abundance. Lead and zinc ores have been discovered in Lowell, Spring Valley and Shawnee townships; also fire clay in the northern part of the county, and pottery clay in Lowell, Spring Valley, Salamanca, Shawnee and Craw- ford townships. RaUrnad Connections. — The Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad enters the county upon the north, and runs nearly through the centre, by Coalfield, Col- umbus and Baxter Springs. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 376,960; taxable acres, 369,739; under Fourth Annual Report. 81 cultivation, 126,165.13; cultivated to taxable acres, 34.12 per cent.; increase of culti" vated acres during the year, 26,727.13. ACEEAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Ryo bu. Spring Wheat bu. Cora bu. Barley bu. Oats _ bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum _ gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton Bs. Flax... bu. Hemp B)s. Tobacco Tbs. Broom Com ttis. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons CD < u g a i §S3 a ^^ o ." >i o o K A< < K ^ a6,as2.5o 18.00 472,185 $ .93M $436,771.12 126.25 18.00 2,272 .62 1,408.64 14.00 10.00 . 140 .68 95.20 42,332.00 42,00 1,777,524 .25 408,830.62 24.00 24.00 576 1.26 725.76 9,194.50 33.00 303,418 .20 60,683.60 65.50 18.00 1,179 .95 1,020.05 603.88 100.00 60,388 .30 18,116.40 113.27 180.00 18,123 .80 14,498.40 950.51 110.00 104,556 .35 36,694.60 266.50 15.00 3,997 1.00 3,997.00 194.00 200.00 38,800 .10 3,880.00 3,600.00 8.00 28,800 .95 27,360.00 5.50 750.00 4,125 .65 2,681.25 21.11 700.00 14,777 .08 1,182.16 260.50 800.00 200,400 .07 14,028.00 2,335.62 3.00 7,007 4.00 28,028.00 274.50 1.00 274 5.50 ' ' 1,512.60 52.12 3.00 156 5.80 904.60 6,364.00 2.00 12,728 3. 60 44,548.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured iu 1870, 225 lbs.; in 1875, 4,119 lbs.: in- crease, 3,894 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 95,340 lbs.; in 1875, 143,036 lbs. increase, 47,686 lbs. Farm ^rn'mafe.— Number of horses, in 1870, 3,561; in 1875,3,991: increase, 430. Mules and asseS, in 1870, 443; in 1875, 699: increase, 256. Cattle, in 1870, 11,080; in 1875, 10,243: decrease, 837. Sheep, in 1870, 2,064; in 1875, 2,528: increase, 464. Swine, in 1870, 5,791; in 1875, "4,310: decrease, 1,481. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,585; number of sheep killed by dogs, 250; value of sheep killed by dogs, $582.50. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 16; value of sheep killed by wolves, $37.28. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 49.50; orchards, 3,810.50; vineyards, 50.91. A'piacu.ltwre. — Number of stands of bees, 456. Pounds of honey, 1,648; wax, 71. i?'erace«.— Stone, 391 rods; cost, $830.87. Eail, 223,114 rods; cost, $378,892.50. Board, 6,092 rods; cost, $8,071.90. Wire, 22,900 rods; cost, $17,175.00. Hedge, 233 ,870 rods; cost, $110,935.00. Total rods of fence, 486,367; total cost, $421,905.27. Herd Law. — The herd law has been in force throughout the whole county since 1872. "It has the effect of opening up the county in small farms, and must ulti- mately result in the good of the county." Water Powier.-^The Spring and Neosho rivers furnish excellent powers, as yet but little utilized. Manufactures. — Lowell township, four water-power flouring mills. Shawnee township, two water-power flouring mills and saw mills. There is one cigar manu- factory and one brewery at Baxter Springs. At Columbus a water-power -flouring mill. At Cherokee, steam spelter mills. Banks. — Banking House of Hobart & Middaugh, Columbus. There are two other banking houses in the qounty; but there is no information concerning their names or location. The aggregate capital is $8,500. Newspapers. — There are three weekly papers, the Baxter Springs Bepubliean, published at Baxter Springs, and the Democrat and Courier, published at Colum- bus. 6 i,2 State Boakd of Agriculture. Schools, «te.— Organized school districts, 90; school houses, 83; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $64,650. C/mro/ies.— Presbyterian : Organizations 8, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $4,000. Congregational: Organizations 2, membership 45. Baptist: Organizations 7, membership 307. church edifices 2, valuation $2,500. United Presbyterian : Organizations 2, membership 20, Methodist : Organizations 18, membership, 583, church edifices 1, valuation $2,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 7. Catholic : Organizations 2, membership 300, church edifices 1, valuation $1,000. Libraries. — No returns. Lands.— The unsold lands in this county are shown by the accompanying map. Miscellaneous.— FtoiViCe of gardens marketed, $6,238.00; poultry and eggs sold $4,281.30. Number of pounds of wool produced, 5,992. Wages.— Fai-m laborers, per month, with board, $10 to $15; laborers in cities or on public improvement, per day, $1.25; carpenters, per day, $3.50; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $2.50; printers, per day, $2; printers, per 1,000 ems, 35 to 40 cents; clerks, per month, $40. Unoccupied lands range from $2 to $8 per acre. CLAY COUNTY. Organized in 1866. Named in honor of Henry Clay, the distinguished Kentucky Senator; first chosen in 1806, and being a member for the most of the time till 1852, a period of forty-six years. He was a Minister to England and Prance, and a can- didate for President in opposition to President Polk. He died in Washington, in 1852. Square miles, 660. Population to square mile, 10.10. Population in 1860, 163; in 1870, 2,942: increase in ten years, 2,779; population in 1875, 6,673: increase in five years, 3,730: increase in fifteen years, 6,509. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 625 1,113 416 915 1,049 344 521 308 Bxeter Goshen 241 Grant 603 Mnlberry.— Union -.- Republic 537 Sherman Ifativity — Born in the United States, 4,956; in Germany, 234; in Ireland, 82; in England and Wales, 559; in Scotland, 59; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 426; in Prance 12; in North of Europe, 15; in South of Europe, 72; in British America, 255; in countries not specified, 2. ■Sct.— Males, 3,577; females, 3,095. Fourth Annual Report. 83 Tt I MAP OF CLAY COUNTY, KANSAS, 18TC. 3MI_ Rill +SfMolJT. M.K.& T,K.KX.aildB Government LanQs ^B WHERE FROM TO KIANSAS. Xansal JPa'ciflc'IlTR.Xanas LS.Agrioultural College Xands Alabama Arkansas California Colorado -Connecticut 8 3 12 4 37 2 1,483 306 915 40 15 5 30 178 62 Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire .... 2 302 79 1 5 32 Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 27 7 133 q ■Georgia JUinois Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe Other South of Europe British America 91 New York ... 198 R Indiana B 39?, Iowa ^Kentucky Maine Oliio Penn sylvania Rhode Island .... 209 .... 253 13 8 inn Maryland Massacbusetts MitWgan Minnesota South Carolina Tennessee Texas., Vermont 2 .... 29 .... 13 .... 40 6 31 7 160 84 State Boakd of Ageicultttee, Born in Kansas, 1,346; not otherwise stated, 4. Occupation. — There are 1,538, or 87.6 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 64, or 3.6 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 63, or 8.5 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 90, or 5.1 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Clay Centre, the county seat, is 81 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a westerly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 11 per cent. ; upland, 89 per cent. ; forest, 4 per cent.; prairie, 96 per cent. Average width of bottoms, three-fourths of a mile; general surface of the country undulating. Timber. — Width of timber belts, from five rods to half a mile. Varieties: Cot- tonwood, elm, oak, black walnut, mulberrj', ash, hackberry and locust. Principal Streams. — The Republican river, which flows in a southeasterly direc- tion. There are numerous small streams ^Pete's, Five, Timber, Lincoln, Fancy, Otter and other creeks. The county has but few springs; good well water is obtained at an average depth of 30 feet on the bottoms, and from 60 to 75 feet on the uplands. Coal. — Prof. Mudge certifies that a ten-inch surface vein of coal is found in townships No. 6 and 7, in range 1 east, in the northwest corner of the county. It is a very poor quality of lignite coal. No coal is found elsewhere in the county. Bunding Stone, etc. — The magnesian limestone abounds throughout the county. Fire clay is said to be plenty. Railroad Connections. — The Junction City & Fort Kearney Railroad, operated by the Kansas Pacific Railroad, runs up the valley of the Republican to Clay Centre. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 423,400 ; taxable acres, 142,538; under cultivation, 78,675.31; cultivated to taxable acres, 55.27 per cent. : increase of cviltivated acres during the year, 30,538.81. yiCRBAGB, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. So 5^ £ H P •i O <) « Winter Wheat bu. Rye - bu. Spring Wheat - -bu. Cora bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat - bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum - gall- Castor Beans - bu. Cotton B>s. Flax bu. Hemp - fts- Tobacco - B)s. Broom Corn lbs- Millet and Hungarian. tons Timothy tons Clover - - tons Prairie - tons 11,7,33.00 3,885-50 13,684.50 21,49.5.00 2,568.25 4,831.25 9.00 388.81 21.00 233.50 121.75 1.75 1,338.75 4.25 2.25 111.25 946.25 53.00 82.75 2,717.00 13.00 17.00 15.00 42.00 23.00 25.00 12.00 100.00 160.00 115.00 12.00 75.00 8.00 500.00 500.00 800.00 2.25 1.25 2.50 2.00 211,194 66.053 205,268 902,790 |159,070 120,781 108 38,881 3,360 26,852 1,461 131 10,710 2,125 1,125 89,000 2,129 66 207 5,434 $ .91 .38 .65 .23 .51 .30 .75 .29 .94 .46 1.00 .08 1.06 .65 .07 .06 a.87>f 5.00 6.00 3.00 $192,186.54 25,100.14 133,424.20 207,641.70 30,125.70 36,234.30 81.00 11,275.49 3,158.40 12,351.92 1,461.00 10.48 11,352.60 1,381.25 78.75 5,340.00 8,249.87 330.00 1,242.00 16,302.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 1,975 lbs.; in 1875, 5201bs.^ de- crease, 1,455 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 30,070 lbs. ; in 1875, 79,424 lbs. : increase, 49,854 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 1,034; in 1875, 3,045: increase^ 2,011 Mules and asses, in 1870, 81; in 1875, 221: increase, 140. Cattle, in 1870,. FouBTH Annual Report. 85 3,198; in 1875, 7,597: increase, 4,399. Sheep, in 1870, 42; in 1875, 750: increase, 708. Swine, in 1870, 574; ?n 1875, 3,675: increase, 2,101. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,064; number of sheep killed by dogs, 19; value of sheep killed by dogs, $44. 27. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 12 ; value of sheep killed by wolves, ii37.96. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 21.25; orchards, 418.87; vineyards, 8. Apiaeulture. — Number of stands of bees, 2; pounds of wax, 1. Fences.— ^ione, 2,513 rods; cost, $9,420. Kail, 10,436 rods ; cost, $14,075.10. Board, 2,208 rods; cost, $2,980.80. Wire, 1,500 rods ; cost, $1,050. Hedge, 16,692 rods; cost, $8,346. Total rods of fence, 33,338; total cost, 35,871.90. Herd Law. — The herd law has been in force throughout the whole county since May, 1872. "It is a detriment to stock, but a great benefit to farmers; for with- out this law, farming would be a failure." "We do not see how we could save our crops without this protection.'' Water Powers. — The county has available water powers, which have not been utilized. Manufactures. — Clay Centre, two steam grist and saw mills, and a water-power saw and grist mill. Taney Creek, one cigar manufactory. (No further returns under this head.) Banks. — Clay County Bank, J. Higginbotham, Clay Centre. Newspapers. — The Dispatch, published weekly, at Clay Centre. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 85; school houses, 63; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $39,794. Churches. — Presbyterian; Organizations 3, membership 95, church edifices 1, val- uation, $3,800. Congregational: Organizations 1, membership 44. Baptist: Or- ganizations 4, membership 155, church edifices 2, valuation $4,000. Methodist: Organizations 8, membership 200, parsonage, valuation $650. Episcopal: Organi- zations 1, membership 15. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 200. Libraries. — Of 11 townships, six reported ; there is one public library, contain- ing eight volumes, and 99 private libraries, aggregating 3,803 volumes. Lands. — The accompanying map of the county shows the unsold lands. MisceUaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $530; poultry and eggs sold, $1,883. Number of pounds of wool produced, 1,081. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $13 to $30. Laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1 to $3; carpenters, per day, $3 to $3.50; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $3 to $3.50; house painters, per day, $3 to $3; wagon makers, per day, $3 to $3; blacksmiths, per day, $3 to $3; shoemakers, per day, $1 to $3.50; harness makers, per day, $1 to $2; printers, per day, $1 to $2; clerks^ per month, $20 to $75; tinners, per day, $2 to $3. The price of vacant lands range from $3 to $7 per acre. 86 State Board of Agriculture. CLOUD COUNTY. Organized in 1866. Named in honor of William F. Cloud, Colonel of the Second Regiment of Kansas Volunteers (cavalry), during the late war. Square miles,- 730; population to square mile, 9.95. Population in 1870, 2,333; population in 1875 7,170; increase in iive years, 4,847. JRV MAP OF CLOUD COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. jiiv jsiii mi 3ll £AND, IdCNALLY ifc CO,,E>-C's,ClIICAGO». Ei M.K.& T.K,E.Laiias I tfovernment Lands POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities, Arion Centre .-. Grant Lyon Oakland . Starr Pop. 351 3.33 275 468 161 260 Townships and Cities. Aurora Colfax Lawrence . Meredith.. Shirley Solomon .. 313 340 355 338 592 541 Townships and Cities. Buffalo 388 Elk Lincoln 577 635 387 Sibley 356 Summit 500 Pop. Fourth Annual Report. \ 87 Nativity. — Born in the United States, 60.77; in Germany, 124; in Ireland, 109; in England and Wales, 136; in Scotland, 35; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 235 ; in France, 36; in North of Europe, 39; in South of Europe, 18; in British America, 375; in countries not specified, 6. S«;r.— Males, 3,817 ; females, 3,353. WHERE PEOM TO KANSAS. Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut _ Delaware Florida 1 16 20 5 1 1 15 1,440 428 1,194 49 ;::;:: 4 2 - 13 Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire .... 844 .... 101 .... 499 .... 317 4 3 Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland _ England and Wales Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe Other South of Europe British America 42 102 327 21 17 15 q minms New York .... 2.32 91 Indiana Iowa Kentucky Ohio - Oregon - Pennsylvania Rhode Island — . 256 5 .... 109 .... 10 114 8 q Maine Maryland Tennessee — - Texas Vermont.. _. .... 13 3 4 9 66 Born in Kansas, 1,369; not otherwise stated, 4. Ocmpation. — There are 1,626, or 84.9 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 119, or 6.2 per cent., in Professional and Personal service ; 51, or 2.6 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 118, or 6.1 per cent, in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Concordia, the county seat, is 111 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 10 per cent.; upland, 90 percent.; forest, 3 per cent. ; prairie, 97 per cent. Average width of bottoms — of the Republican i-iver, four miles, of the Solomon, 8 miles ; general surface of the country, except the river bottoms, undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, 10 to 80 rods — confined to the streams. Varieties: oak, cottonwood, ash, hackberry, mulberry, elm. Principal Streams. — ^Republican river runs in a southeastern direction, through the northern part of the county ; tributaries, on the north. Camp, Hay, Salt, Little Upton and Elk creeks; on the south. Mulberry, Beaver, Elm, Plum, Oak, Lost and Buffalo creeks. Solomon river crosses the southwestern corner of the county, in a southeasterly direction; tributaries. Lost, Asher, Fisher, Tockey, Criss, Mortimer, and Pipe creeks. Chapman creek, a tributary of the Kansas river, has its source in the southeastern township of the county. The county is not largely supplied with springs; wells vary in depth from 10 to 100 feet. Coal. — Prof. B. F. Mudge certifies that coal underlies half the county, near the surface, in veins from fifteen to thirty inches in thickness. Its use is local, and it sells for from $3 to $3 per ton. It is lignite coal. W. E. Reid states that this coal is mined in sections 1, 3 and 3, in town 5, of range 3 west. The veins run in from deep ravines, at a depth of about twenty-five feet below the general surface. About 500 tons have been mined during the past year. Building Stone, ete.— Fpssiliferous lime and sandstone found generally through- out the county; quality rather poor. There are two salt springs, and pottery clay is found in various localities. Railroad Connections. — There are no railroads in the county. Agricultural Statistics. —Acres in the county, 460,800; taxable acres, 119,870; under cultivation, 85,311.43; cultivated to taxable acres, 71.08 percent.: increase of culti- vated acres during the year, 32,167.42. 88 State Boakd op Ageiculttjee. ACEEAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PEODUCT AND VALUE OF PEINCTPAL CEOPS. CEOPS. s . On Winter Wheat ___ bu. Eye bu. Spring Wheat _ bu. Corn _ bu. Barley ■. bu. Oats _. bu. Buckwheat _..bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum ___ gall. Castor Beans _._ bu. Cotton.,- lbs. Flax _ bu. Hemp _ _B>s. Tobacco lbs. Broom Corn Bs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy __ tons Clover _ tons Prairie tons 5,421 .00 3,527.00 16,771.50 22,034.00 2,290.75 4,317.50 26 25 476.63 22.73 263.90 31.16 .25 200.75 1.63 17.50 665.62 10.24 2.87 92.13 18.00 20.00 15.00 42.00 23.00 25.00 12.00 100.00 100.00 115.00 12.00 75.00 9.00 97,578 70,540 251,572 925.428 52.687 107,937 315 47,653 2,273 30,348 374 19 1,807 500.00 8.20 3.00 1.25 2.50 2.00 810 14,350 1,997 13 7 18,426 $ .e-!4 .25 .40 .22 .45 .22 .70 .25 .62^2 .50 1.00 .07 1.00 .061/2 .05 3.50 5.00 5.00 3.00 i 65,865.15 17,635.00 100,628.80 20.3..594.16 23,709.15 23,746.14 220.50 11,913.25 1,420.62 15,174.00 374.00 1 33 1,807.00 52.65 717.50 6,988.50 65.00 35.00 55,278.00 Large Yields. — Statement of C. W. McDonald, of Concordia: Spring WJieat: I plowed the ground in the fall, and sowed broadcast on the 15th of March, and harrowed and rolled the ground. The variety sown was the " Big Tea." The land is black sandy loam, prairie bottom, and has been in cultivation three years. The first crop was corn, the second oats, the third wheat. I harvested the crop on the 15th of July, and obtained 537 bushels from 25 acres, or over 31 bushels per acre. As I kept no separate account, I cannot give a statement of the cost. Statement of Williarn B. Brisbin, of Nelson: Spring Wlieat: I broke the prairie in the latter part of May, 1874, and on the 35th of the ensuing March, sowed the variety known as Black Sea wheat. Harvested July 10th, and the yield was 30 bushels per acre. The soil is clay, with some sand, on high prairie. I harrowed in the wheat without plowing the ground. The cost of producing, per acre, is as follows: Seed, 2 bushels, at 75 cents per bushel $1.50 Sowing 15 Harrowing, five times _ 1.25 Harvesting _._ __ 2.00 Stacking ." '._" .75 Threshing I.70 Board 1.40 Total $8.75 Corn: I planted corn on land upon which five crops had been raised. The soil was sandy loam on bottom land. I planted April 28th, and harvested in October. The yield was 70 bushels per acre. Total cost of producing, per acre, $6.17. Remark : My experience teaches me that early planting is the best, and also that fruit and forest trees can be successfully grown in this part of the State. Statement of W. J. Campbell, of Concordia: Barley ; On the 26th of March, I sowed barley on ground on which five crops had previously been raised. The soil was black, sandy river bottom. I harvested the barley on the 7th day of July, and it averaged over 33 bushels to the acre. Spring Wheat: On the 13th and 39th of March I sowed "Rio Grande" spring wheat on ground broken in December previous. Part of this was harrowed in, and part plowed in with a two-horse cultivator. On the 12th and 14th of July I har- vested the crop, and it yielded 23 bushels per acre — 63 lbs. to the bushel. Total cost per acre, $5.50. FoTjRTH Annual Eepokt. 89 Potatoes : April 24th, I planted Early Rose potatoes on ground on which one crop of potatoes had been grown the previous year. I plowed the ground seven inches deep, and marked out with a stirring plow in rows four feet apart. The potatoes were dropped 18 inches apart in the drill. They were plowed once with a double-shovel, and hoed. I harvested, on the 25th of October, 300 bushels per acre, or over 49 bushels to one bushel of seed. The cost of producing was as follows: Plowing, per acre $3.00 Seed, 9 bnshels at $1.50 perbn 13.50 Cutting and preparing seed 1.00 Planting 3.00 Cultivating and hoeing 5.00 Harvesting — - 14.41 Total $38.91 Part of the field was hilled with a stirring plow, and that part yielded one-third more than the part which was not hilled. Statement of Charles Farmer, Meredith: Corn . Planted May 4th, common Kansas corn, three kernels in the hill, culti- vated, with two-horse cultivator and with the hoe, five and one-half acres upland prairie, black loam, and cribbed 500 bushels of corn. Potatoes from Balls : I planted on the 26th of March last, two bushels and a peck of potatoes, on one acre of ground, the seed being from potato balls, three times planted, from Early Rose potatoes, and raised on the one acre 330 bushels of pota- toes of a prime quality. Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 1,000 lbs.; in 1875, 675 lbs.: de- crease, 325 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 25,871 lbs.; in 1875, 107,879 lbs.: increase, 82,008 lbs. Farm A^iimals.—'Nu.mhei of horses, in 1870, 894; in 1875, 2,763: increase, 1,869. Mules and asses, in 1870, 113; in 1875, 285: increase, 172. Cattle, in 1870, 2,965; in 1875, 6,326: increase, 3,361. Sheep, in 1870, 614; in 1875, 1,516: increase, 902. Swine, in 1870, 637; in 1875, 3,729: increase, 3,092. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,051; number of sheep killed by dogs, 20; value of sheep killed by dogs, |46.60. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 1; value of sheep killed by wolves, $2.83. Horticulture.— Acres of nurseries, 11.75; orchards, 374.75; vineyards, 1.25. Fences.— ^tone, 491 rods; cost, $1,350.25. Rail, 8,284 rods; cost, 11,183.40. Board, 1,617 rods; cost, $2,668.05. Wire, 1,000 rods; cost, $850. Hedge, 6,222 rods; cost, $8,266.55. Total rods of fence, 17,614; total cost, $19,818.25. Herd Law. — The herd law has been in force throughout the whole county since 1869. It tends greatly to promote the settlement of the county, because the scar- city of timber prevents any great amount of fencing. "Some few claim that it is detrimental to the cattle interest." Water Powers. — There are good water powers. A dam is being constructed on the Republican. Manufactures.— 'RxiS^o township, one saw mill; capital $1,000. Lincoln town- ship, steam saw and grist mill, capital $4,000. Meredith township, steam saw mill, capital $1,000. Solomon township, water-power flour and saw mill, capital $1,300; steam saw mill, capital $1,000. In Elk township, a steam saw mill. City of Concordia, one water-power flouring mill, a steam flour mill, a carriage and wagon factory, and one breweiy. Several salt springs are found in the county, and a company has been organized to test the practicability of salt manufacture. Banks. — There are none. Mwspapers.—TheTe are two weekly papers published at Concordia, the Concordia Empire and Expositor. 90 State Board of Ageiculture. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 83 ; school houses, 41 j value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $37,983. There is a parochial school at Beaver Creek, under the auspices of the Catholic church. A State Nor- mal school is located at Concordia. Ohurclies. — Presbyterian : Organizations 5, membership 165, church edifices 2, valuation $7,500. Baptist : Organizations 3, membership 120, church edifices 1, valuation |2,500. Methodist: Organizations 8, membership 150. Episcopal: Membership 8. Catholic : Organizations 4, membership 1,000. Libraries. — Eeports from five townships give 106 private libraries, containing 2,686 volumes. Lands. — The accompanying map shows the unsold lands in this county. MuceUaneous. — Pro4uce of gardens marketed, $245; poultry and eggs sold, $1,152.80. Number of pounds of wool produced, $6,968. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $12 to $25; laborers in cities, or on public improvements, per day, $1 to $1.50; carpenters, per day, $2.50 to $3; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $3 to $4; house painters, per day, |3 to $4; wagon makers, per day, $2.50 to $3; blacksmiths, per day, $2.50 to $3; shoe- makers, per day, $2 to $2.50; harness makers, per day, $2 to $2.50; printers, per day, $3 to 2.50; clerks, per month, $30 to $100. Vacant lands sell from $1.50 to $8 per acre. COFFEY COUNTY. Organized in 1859. Named in honor of Col. A. M. Cofiey, a member of the first Territorial Legislative Council. Square miles, 648. Population to square mile,, 11.16. Population in 1860, 2,842; in 1870, 6,201: increase in ten years, 3,359; pop- ulation in 1875, 7,335: increase in five years, 1,034: increase in fifteen years, 4,893. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Avon 383 438 727 585 313 City of Burlington 975 495 483 663 375 Burlington 467 Key West 270 LeRoy Liberty Neosho 542 Pleasant 305 Natimiy. — Born in the United States, 6,793; in Germany, 132; in Ireland, 68; in England and Wales, 144; in Scotland, 11; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 14; in France, 19; in North of Europe, 3; in South of Europe, 2; in British America, 48; in countries not specified, 1. &«.— Males, 3,794; females, 3,441. Fourth Annual Report. 91 MAP OF COFFEr COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. KXiii 31XIV jRXV nixvi ^xyii X,.L.& G.E.EXanas. WHEEE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama.- 1 Mississippi .... 8 West Virginia 5- Arkansas - 64 Missouri .... 522 ■Wisconsin 1U California _.. 28 Nebraska .... 36 Diet, of Columbia and the Colorado 7 New Hampshire .... 9 Territories 18 Connecticut ■— . 14 New Jersey .... 14 Germany 83 Illinois 1,310 New York .... 95 Ireland 2 Indiana 976 North Carolina .... 18 England and Wales 25. 635 Ohio .... 645 Scotland .' (). Kentucky 218 .Oregon .... 2 Sweden, Norway and Den- Louisiana 1 Pennsylvania .... 144 mark 2- Maine 7 Tennessee .... 39 France 2 Massacbasetts 25 Texas .... 10 Other South of Europe 1 Michigan 181 Vermont .... 17 British America 10' Minnesota 15 Virginia .... 48 Born in Kansas, 1,931; not otherwise stated, 20. Occupation. — There are 1,406, or 77.8 percent., engaged in Agriculture ; 128, or 7 92 State Board of Ageiculttjke. per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 96, or 5.3 per cent., in Trade and Transportation ; 175, or 9.1 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Burlington, the county seat, is 59 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 13 per cent.; upland, 87 per cent.; forest, 8 percent.; prairie, 92 per cent. Average widths of bottoms, two miles. General surface of the country, undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, li miles. Varieties : hickory, walnut, ash, oak, sycamore, hackberry, etc. Principal Streams. — The Neosho river is the principal stream, running from north- Tvest to southeast; its tributaries are Spring, Long, Wolf, Turkey, Big, Rock, Lebo, Crooked and Crow creeks; general direction, southwardly, southeasterly or south- westerly. There are, besides, Pottawatomie and other small streams. Good well water obtained at a depth of 20 feet. Coal. — Coal is supposed to underlie nearly the entire area of the county. Thick- ness of vein, 15 inches, ranging from the surface to a depth of 100 feet; quality, good; mainly used, as yet, for domestic purposes, but some is shipped on the Mis- souri, Kansas & Texas Railroad. Buildinff Stone, etc. — There are good quarries (variety not given) near Burlington. Gypsum is reported to abound in the northern part of the county, but none has been developed. Railroad Connections. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad enters the county on the west, running in a southeasterly direction, leaving the county near its south- eastern corner. Principal station, Burlington, the county seat. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 414,730; taxable acres, 835,931; Tinder cultivation, 59,768.11; cultivated to taxable acres, 16 percent.: decrease of cultivated acres during the year, 1,048.89. ACEEAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. "Winter Wheat bu. Rye bu Spring Wheat bu. Corn bu. Barley - - -bu. Oats -- bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum _ gall. Castor Beaus bu. Cotton -lbs. Flax bu. Hemp - -ttis. Tobacco lbs. Broom Corn.. lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons 4,408.00 298.50 123.50 26,765.00 5,366.00 14.50 576.34 15.89 447.12 420.12 2,090.00 10.75 104.23 685.25 369.50 213.50 11,395.75 o p 20.00 22.00 12.00 42.00 38.00 20.00 105.00 170.00 125.00 14.00 150.00 10.00 "700!00 875.00 3.00 1.25 3.00 2.00 88,160 6,567 1,482 1,124,130 ""2b3i968 290 60,516 2,616 55,890 5,882 355 20,900 7,525 91,192 2,056 462 640 22,791 $1.05, .60 .62 .25 .85 .28 .90 .45 1.05 .09 1.10 .07 .08 4.00 6.00 5.50 3.00 $-92,568.00 3,940.20 918.8* 224,826.00 50,977.00 246.50 16,944.48 2,3S4.40 25.150.50 6,176.10 31.95 22,990.00 526.75 7,295.36 8,224.00 2,772.00 3.520.00 68,373.00 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 1,000 lbs.; in 1875, 2,974 lbs.: increase, 1,974 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 140,603 lbs.; in 1875, 174,515 lbs. : increase, 33,913 lbs. Farm Animals.— Nmaber of horses in 1870, 3,762; in 1875, 3,338: increase, 576. Hules and asses, in 1870, 187; in 1875 420: increase, 283. Cattle, in 1870, 9,706; in CO M O I s o '*»^ '.^ nil 94 State Boaed of Ageicultuee. 1875, 16.337: increase, 6,531. Sheep, in 1870, 11,917; in 1875, 4,439: decrease, 7,478. Swine, in 1870, 2,855; in 1875, 3,661: increase, 806. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,306; number of sheep killed by dogs, 116 ; value of sheep killed by dogs, $270.28. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 86; value of sheep killed by wolves, $83.88. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 33.75; orchards, 2,431.90; vineyards, 63.97. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 255; pounds of honey, 1,165; wax, 73. Fences.— Sitona, 6,544 rods; cost, $19,632. Rail, 182,548 rods ; cost, $333,748.70. Board, 73,987 rods; cost, 96,707.77. Wire, 26,200 rods; cost, 17,685. Hedge, 104,421 jods; cost, $54,351.13. Total rods of fence, 393,700; total cost, $421,124.60. Herd Law. — The herd law not in force. Water Powers. — There are a number of fine water powers on the Ng^osho, but they have been but little developed comparatively. Manufactures. — Burlington township, steam flouring mill, capital, $30,000; two steam sawmills; same township, water flouring mill, capital $55, COO. Hampden township, steam saw mill, capital $3,500. Leroy township, steam flouring milli virater flouring mill and brewery, capital $17,500; steam saw mill. At Strawn, a water-power saw mill. Banks. — Burlington National Bank, at Burlington. ; Newspapers. — There are two weekly papers, the Burlington Patriot and Indepen- dent, published in Burlington. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 63; school houses, 63; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $86,700. Ohurclies. — Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 45, church edifices 1, val- uation $1,200. Congregational: Organization 1, membership 56, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Baptist: Organizations 8, membership 207, church edifices 2, valuation $6,000. United Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 35, church edifices 1, valuation $800. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 350, church edifices 1, valuation $900. Methodist: Organizations 18, membership 374, church -edifices 3, valuation $7,500. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 46, church edifices 1, valuation $8,000. Universalist: Organizations 1, membership 17. Libraries. — Reports from this county show two public and 95 private libraries, -with 10,771 volumes. Lands. — Unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. MisceUaTieom. —Vioixice of gardens marketed, $1,855; poultry and eggs sold $3,767. Pounds of wool produced, 22,996. Wages.— Furm laborers, per month, with board, $13 to 16; laborers in cities or ■on public improvements, per day, $1 to $1.50; carpenters, per day, $2 to $3; brick- layers and stonemasons, $3 to $3.50; house painters, $2.50 to $3.50; wagonmakers, ^3.50 to $3; blacksmiths, $3 to $4; shoemakers, $3 to 3. Vacant lands are held at from $2 to $8 per acre. FouETH Annual Report. 95 COWLEY COUNTY. Organized in 1870. Named in honor of Matthew Cowley, First Lieut, of Co. I, Ninth Kansas Cavalry, who died in the service, August, 1864, at Little Rock, Arkansas. Square miles, 1,112. Population to square miie, 8.06. Population in 1870, 1,175 ; population in 1875, 8,963 : increase in five years, 7,788. MAP OF COWLEY COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. JRlV TlV KVI 31 VII 31VIIF1 35 Government Lands NS, UCNALLX * CO.,CHICAGO. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Po» Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pdp. Beaver ,. ., , 376 727 293 133 545 243 387 1,201 Bolton 537 410 257 427 659 301 512 Cedar 200 -Cresswell Dexter Harvey ._ . 281 Liberty : 266 Omnia , Otter Pleasant Valley 291 Bichland 284 Silver Creek 218 •Tisdale "Vernon Windsor 416 "Winfleld 96 State Board of Ageicultfre. iVa(i»%.— Bom in the United States, 8,550; in Germany, 91; in Ireland, 59; in England and AVales, 75; in Scotland, 20; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 32; in France, 8; in North of Europe, 3; in Italy, 4; in South of Europe, 8; in Britisl' America, 119; in countries not specified, 5. Sm.— Males, 4,839; females, 4,134. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 9 Michigan 142 ' Tennessee fii> Arkansas 57 Minnesota 89 Texas fi(/ California 18 Mississippi Missouri 11 "Vermont 2 Colorado t 1,309 Virginia 38 Connecticut U Nebraska 52 West Virginia 17 Georgia .. . 5 Nevada 10 Wisconsin 191 Illinois _ 1,891 New Hampshire 3 Dist. of Columbia and the Indiana ._ 911 New Jersey... 13 Territories 25 Iowa 1,150 New York 83 Germany 10 Kentucky 353 North Carolina 25 Ireland a Louisiana 4 Ohio 492 England and Wales 8 Maine 38 Oregon 8 Sweden. Norway, Denmark 2 Maryland 8 Pennsylvania. 123 Other South of Europe . . . 2 Massachusetts 18 Rhode Island 9 British America. 71 Born in Kansas, 1,607; not otherwise stated, 33. Occupation. — There are 1,969, or 83.1 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 176, or IS per cent.; in Professional and Personal service; 84, or 3.5 per cent., in Trade and Transportation 168, or 7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Winfield, the county seat, is 144 miles in an air line from Topelia, in a southwesterly direction. Faae of the Country . — Bottom lands, 83 per cent.; upland, 6 per cent.; forest, 6 per cent.; prairie, 94 per cent. Average width of bottoms — Arkansas river five miles. Walnut two miles. Grouse, Dutch and Eock creeks one mile each. General surface of the country west of the "Walnut, smooth and level, with very slight undulations; the eastern part of the county is undulating, and along the streams, bluffy. Tiiiiber. — Width of timber belt of the Arkansas, one-eighth of a mile. Varieties: Cottonwood and sycamore. On the Walnut, one quarter-mile; walnut, oak and hackberry. On Grouse creek, one quarter-mile. On Timber and Eock creeks, one- eighth of a mile. Varieties: walnut, oak and hackberry. Principal Streams. — Arkansas river, running southeast; principal tributaries, Wal- nut and Grouse, running south. Tributaries of the Walnut are Eock, Dutch and Timber creeks; direction, southwest. Tributary to Grouse, Silver creek; direction, southeast. The county is well supplied with springs. Good well water, east of Walnut, 15 to 35 feet; west of Walnut, 15 to 40 feet. Coal. — Coal is stated to have been found in the southeastern part of the county, but none has been developed. Building Stone, etc. — East of the Arkansas, inexhaustible quantities of best, quality magnesia limestone are found. Railroad Connections. — No railroads yet constructed. - -Agricultural Statiitics. — Acres in the county, 718,080; taxable acres, 358,933; under cultivation, 101,308.33; cultivated to taxable acres, 38.33 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 33,180.38. ^ FouBTH Annual Report. 97 ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CHOPS. CROPS, < J i §6 S o ^f^ a Ph 5 « |i, Winter Wheat hu- 24,652.00 22.00 542,344 $ ,85 $460,992.40 Rye bu 1,296.50 22.00 28,523 ,50 14,261.50 Spring Wheat bu- 59.26 14.00 b29 ,73 605.17 ■Corn hu. 42,218.00 42,00 1,773,156 .20 354,631.20 -Barley bu. 22.25 25.00 556 1.18 656.08 ■Oats , bu. 3,114.25 10.00 35.00 20.00 129,999 200 .20 .70 25,999.80 Buckwheat bu. 140.00 Potatoes, Iriish bu. 522.18 120.00 66,662 .25 15,665.50 Sweet Potatoes bu. 39.46 175,00 6,905 .80 5,624.00 "Sorghum gall. 548 06 125,00 68,507 .40 27,402.80 Castor Beans .'bu. 77.87 16.00 1,246 1.00 1,246.00 Cotton Bf. 67.41 200,00 13,482 .08 1,078.56 riax bu. 165.50 11,00 1,820 1.00 1,820.00 Hemp , •Tobacco fts. fts. 6.87 700,00 4,809 .06 288.54 Broom Corn fts. 39.99 800,00 31,992 .05 1,599.60 Millet and Hungarian tons 632.25 2,62 1,656 4.00 6,624.00 Timothy .' tons 13.12 1,25 16 6.00 96.00 -Clover tons 4.62 2.50 12 6.00 72.00 :Prairie tons 5,679.00 2.00 11,858 2.80 31,802.42 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 300 lbs. Butter manufactured :in 1870, 4,413 lbs.; in 1875, 161,082 lbs.: increase, 156,670 lbs. Farm Animal'i. — Number of horses, in 1870, 791; in 1875, 3,736: increase, 3,945» 3Iules and asses, in 1870, 60; in 1875, 569: increase, 509. Cattle, in 1870, 1,918; in 875, 11,876: increase, 9,959. Sheep, in 1870, 1,130; in 1875, 1,726: increase, 596. .6wine, in 1870, 234; in 1875, 8,093: increase, 7,858. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,477; number of sheep killed by dogs, J3; value of sheep killed by dogs, $30.39. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 13; value of sheep killed by wolves, $37.96. HoriicvUure. — Acres of nurseries, 355.18; orchards, 1,795.13; vineyards, 21.88. ApiacvUure. — Number of stands of bees, 14; pounds of honey, 130; wax, 10. Fences.— Stone, 13,909 rods; cost, $31,395.25. Rail, 124,189 rods; cost, 176,969.32. Board, 32,186 rods; cost, 53,024.40. Wire, 17,000 rods; cost, 12,750.00. Hedge, 135,986 rods; cost, $67,993,00. Total rods of fence, 323,220; total cost, $342,031.97 . Water Powers. — The Walnut furnishes good and reliable water power, except for a short period during the dryest part of the season. Three mills are now supplied. Manvfactures. — Cresswell township, steam saw mill and two water-power grist mills; capital not given. Spring Creek township, steam lumber and grist mill; -capital, $1,700. Winfield township, steam saw mill, three water-power grist mills; capital, $14,500; one brewery. Lazette township, one grist and one saw mill; ■capital not given. Silverdale township, one saw and grist mill; capital not stated. Banks. — Arkansas CHy Bank, Arkansas City; Cowley County Bank, Arkansas City; banking house of M. L. Reed, and Winfleld Bank of J. C. Fuller, Winfleld. "The total amount of capital of these banks is $61,300 Business Houses of Principal Town. — Winfleld: Agricultural implements and wagons, 4; books, periodicals, and stationery, 1; boots and shoes, 1; clothing and tailoring, 1; dry goods, 1; drugs, oils and paints, 9; furniture and upholstery, 3; groceries, 7; gunsmiths, 1; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 3; lumber, 4; millinery, 5; merchandise ("general country store"), 18; saddles and harness, 4; sewing jnachines, 1. Newspapers. — There are four weekly papers : the Winfeld Courier and (Jowley County Democrat, Winfield ; Cowley County Telegram, Winfield ; and Arlwnsas s. Broom Com B)s. Millet and Hungarian. tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons 32,061 .00 2,6()8.S0 4,258.25 14,750.00 1,478.00 6,005.25 14.12 440.62 82.08 62.50 26.18 1.00 104.62 8.3.01 591.12 22.25 218.00 189.00 H ■ 1^ 22.00 20.00 15.00 42.00 26.00 88.00 20.00 90.00 166.00 180.00 14.00 75.00 11.00 650.00 850.00 2.75 1.25 3.00 1.60 i = 5 BO >^ o 705..342 53 370 63,874 619,500 38,428 228,199 282 39.656 5,293 7,500 366 75 1,151 403 70,558 1,626 28 654 283 $ .99 .60 .75 .23 1.22 .80 .90 .35 .90 .40 1.12 .08 1.10 .08 .06 4.75 5.60 6.25 3.00 $698,288.68 32,022.00 47,905 60 142,845.00 46,886.16 68,459.70 253.80 13,879.60 4,763.70 3,000.00 409.92 6.00 1,266.10 32.24 4,233.48 7,723.50' 164.00 4,087.50 849. 00' in 1875, 160 lbs. -. de- in 1875, 115,402 lbs. . Daii-y Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 2,050 lbs crease, 1,890 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 41,161 lbs. increase, 74,241 lbs. Farm Animals.— Numbei of horses, in 1870, 1,153; in 1875, 3,323: increase, 3,070. Mules and asses, in 1870, 83; in 1875, 280: increase, 197. Cattle, in 1870, 6,651; in 1875, 9,833: increase, 3,173. Sheep, in 1870, 300; in 1875, 2,839: increase, 3,639. Swine, in 1870, 834; in 1875, 2,656: increase, 1,823. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,005; number of sheep killed by dogs, 40; value of sheep killed by dogs, $93.30. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 82; value of sheep killed by wolves, $191.06. horticulture.— A-cres of nurseries, 13.50; orchards, 783.20; vineyards, 39.06. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 4; pounds of honey, 35. i^hices.— Stone, 11,754 rods; cost, $35,362. Rail, 11,623 rods; cost, $15,980.35 Board, 15,592 rods; cost, $21,361.04. Wire, 3,800 rods; cost, $3,850. Hedge, 102,869 rods; cost, $51,434.50. Total rods of fence, 145,637; total cost, $136,887.79. Water Powers. — Fine water power on the Solomon and Smoky Hill, Chapman's and Turkey creeks, already utilized to a considerable extent, but with a large un- developed capacity. Manufactures.— Watei-j)oweT flouring mill at Enterprise, capital $25,000; water- power woolen factory at the same place, capital $25,000; also steam saw mill, capital $2,000; steam sorghum manufactory, capital $2,000; steam vinegar manu- factory, capital $1,500. Solomon, water-power flouring mill, capital $1,200, and elevator, cost $3,900. At Abilene, water-power flouring mill, capital not stated. Newbern township, water-power flouring mill, capital $5,000; two water-power flouring mills on Chapman's creek, capital $10,000; water-power flouring mill on Turkey creek, capital $6,000. Banks. — Abilene Bank, at Abilene. Mwspapers.—The Ohronich at Abilene and Gazette at Enterprise, both weekly. Selwols, efe.— Organized school districts, 86; number of school houses, 70; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $68,500. C/tMrcA««.— Presbyterian; Organizations 4, membership 102, church edifices, 1, valuation $3,200. Baptist: Organizations 5, membership 217, church edifices, 2: Fourth Annual Report. Ill valuation $3,500. Methodist: Organizations 12, membersliip 175. Episcopal: Membership 6. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 500, church edifices 1,. valuation $500. Lutheran: Organizations 1, membership 33. Uuiversalist: Organi- zations 1, membership 15, church edifices 1, valuation $1,800. Libraries. — Of 14 townships, seven report two public libraries, with 317 vol- umes, and 53 private, with 4,883 volumes. Lands. — Unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $73.00; poultry and eggs sold, $3,897.50; number of pounds of wool produced, 7,230. The prices of vacant land range from $2 to $6 per acre. DONIPHAN COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Col. A. W. Doniphan, of Clay county, Missouri, who commanded a regiment of Missouri cavalry during the Mexican war. Marching across the plains, he took a leadingpart in the conquest of New Mexico. He was a zealous partizan in the agitation which arose on the opening of Kansas Territory to settlement. Square miles, 379; population to square mile, 36.79. Pop- ulation in 1860, 8,083; in 1870, 13,969: increase in ten years, 5,886; population in 1875, 13,943: decrease in five years, 26; increase in fifteen years, 5,860. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. townphips and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 1,074 712 2,692 2,288 1,807 Iowa 3,438 Washington Wayne - 2.032 ! NativUy. — Bom in the United States, 13,373; in Germany, 648; in Ireland, 387; in England and Wales, 167; in Scotland, 17; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 173; in France, 63; in North of Europej 17; in Italy, 4; in South of Europe, 76; in British America, 61; in countries not specified, 7. Sfer.— Males, 7,239 ; females, 6,704. WHERE PROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 12 Arkansas 18 California 25 Colorado IS Connecticut 15 Delaware 12 Georgia 2 Illinois 759 Indiana 322 Iowa 502 Kentucky 256 Louisiana 14 Maine 10 Maryland 53 Massachusetts 28 Michigan 144 Minnesota _ 57 Mississippi 20 Missouri 4,094 Nebraska 159 New Hampshire 2 New Jersey 18 NcwTork 214 North Carolina 47 Ohio 987 Oregon 1 Pennsylvania 256 Rhodclsland 2 Tennessee _ 59 Texas 1 Vermont 14 Virginia 163 West Virginia 33 Wisconsin 186 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 33 Germany 224 Ireland 49 England and Wales 44 Scotland 1 Sweden, Norway, Denmark 68 Prance 33 Other N orth of Europe 7 Other South of Europe 11 British America 23 Born in Kansas, 4,952; not otherwise stated, 6. Occupation. — There are 2,144, or 67 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 510, or 15.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 218, or 6.8 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 338, or 10.3 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. 112 State Board of Ageioultuee. Oounty Seat. — Troy, the county seat, is 60 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northeasterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom lands, 25 per cent. ; upland, m per cent. ; forest, 16 per cent. ; prairie, 84 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one mile ; general surface of the country, undulating; eastern part of the county, bluffy. Timber. — Average width of timber belts — on the Missouii river, one mile; other streams, one-quarter to one-half mile. Varieties: principally walnut, hickory, oak and Cottonwood. MAP OP DONIPHAN COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. Principcd Streams. — Wolf river runs in a northeast direction through the county. It has several tributaries, and there are numerous small streams, some flowing northeast, others east and southeast, all draining toward the Missouri. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water at from 10 to 60 feet. Coal. — None of any consequence developed. Building Stone, etc. — No report as to extent, quality and variety of building stone, but there is believed to be plenty in the county. Good pottery clay is said to have been discovered, but it has not been worked. Fourth Annual Report. 177 HorticvZture. — Acres of nurseries, 2.50; orchards, 44.86 ; vineyards, 1.50. J^'eraces. — Stone, 1,576 rods; cost, $2,955. Rail, 10,776 rods; cost, $15,625.20. Board, 3,086 rods; cost, |2,930.40. Wire, 1,400 rods; cost, $1,085. Hedge, 563 rods; cost, 309.10. Total rods of fence, 16,400; total cost, $33,894.70. Water Powers. — The Saline river furnishes good powers. Two mills are in op- eration, and a number of good mill seats are improved. Manufactures. — Rocky Hill, water-power saw and grist mill. Indiana township, saw and grist mill, and saw mill. Grant township, steam saw mill. Banks. — None in the county. Newspapers. — The Saline Valley Register, published weekly, at Lincoln Centre. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 33; school houses, 17; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $12,149. C/i!/re/j«s.— Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 6, church property $1,500. Baptist: Organizations 3, membership 75. Methodist: Organizations 6, membership 60. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 70. Libraries. — No report made. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $406.50; poultry and eggs sold, $3,591; pounds of wool produced, 13,870. The prices of vacant land range from $1.35 to $4.50 per acre. LIISTlSr COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Lewis F. Linn, a distinguished United States Senator, from Missouri, who died in 1843, while a member of the Senate. Square miles, 637 ; population to square mile, 18.79. Population in 1860, 6,336 ; in 1870, 12,174 : increase in ten years, 5,838. Population in 1875, 11,974 : decrease in * five years, 30fr; increase in fifteen years, 5,638. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIIPS AND CITIES. ' Townships akd Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. ■pi^lfi Mnnnrt 523 . 1,661 1,882 580 CentreviUe 1,068 1,323 1,245 932 Liberty 660 Mound City Paris 1,287 873 Potosi Scott Sheridan _ Stanton \ Valley -Born in the United States, 11, 587 ; in Germany, 99 ; in Ireland, 89 ; in England and Wales, 98 ; in Scotland, 12 ; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 23 ; :n France, 6 ; in North of Europe, 2 ; in South of Europe, 7 ; in British America, 49 ; in countries not specified, 3. Sea.— Males, 6,190; females, 5,784. 13 1Y8 State Board of Agkioulttjre. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana 205 10 13 11 1 S 2,3M 811 891 207 .- .- 19 2 2 20 63 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nev^ida _. New Hampshire 21 6 2,044 24 Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories... Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark South of Europe. 41 6 206 60 New Jersey New York 11 -- 120 5 Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine North Caroliua Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania 13 602 1 144 13 1 Tennessee Texas Vermont 47 44 11 10 jM assachusetts Michigan 31XXI MAP OF LINN COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. JtXX!l R XXIII K X X I V TtXXV UnsdiaXands of the M.K. *'"'°' "«""" * m.,EsG's,oHiciGo. Ft.S.&GulfE.B. Born ia Kansas, 3,796; not otherwise stated, 69. Occupation. — There are 3,038, or 71.6 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 394, or 18.8 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 184, or 4.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 378, or 9.7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Mound City. Pleasanton is 80 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southeasterly direction. Mound City is 78 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southeasterly direction. Fourth Ankual Report. 179 Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 20 per cent.; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 10 per cent. ; prairie, 90 per cent. ; general surface of the country, undulating. T'mber. — This county is comparatively well timbered, but the width of belts and varieties of wood are not returned. Pniicipal Streams. — Marais des Cygnes, flowing southeast. Middle creek, east. Big and Little Sugar creeks, east. East creek, south. Middle creek, south. Lost creek, east. Mill creek, east. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water reached at an average depth of 30 feet. Coal. — Coal crops out of nearly all the hills and streams in the east part of the county. A shaft has been sunk at Barnard to the depth of 90 feet, and a three and one-half foot vein struck, and is being mined with profit. Building Stone, etc. — Good stone is found in large quantities; the Barnard sandstone is Held in high repute. Railroad Connections — The Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad traverses the eastern portion of the county from north to south; direction alittleeastof south. Principal stations; La Cygne, Barnai'd and Pleasanton. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 407,680; taxable acres, 364,380; under cultivation, 105,789.08; cultivated to taxable acres, 39.03 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 10,883.08. t ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. "Winter Wheat Ryo -.- Spring Wheat Com Barley Oats Buckwheat Potatoes. Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorghum Castor Beans Cotton --. Flax Hemp Tobacco Broom Com Millet and Hasgarian. Timothy __ -_ Clover Prairie .-- ...bu, ..bu. ..J)U, ...bu. .--bu. — bu, ...ba, — bu. — bu. -gall, .--bu. .-»S. ..-bu. .-fts. 7.39.60 57.00 13.00 65,791.00 1,407.60 295.50 53li.0O IS 6.3 810.00 9J5.00 3.50 84.00 16.00 16.00 b.OO 41.00 28.00 18.00 75.00 150.00 100.00 14.00 100.00 9.00 11.834 912 104 !, 697,431 39.413 5,319 40.200 2,044 81.000 13,230 350 756 $ .97 .60 .75 .25 .25 .90 .35 .75 .53 1.05 .08 l.OU c g a B P O J o < a $ 11.478.98 547.20 78. CO 674,357.75 9.853.25 4,787.10 14,070.00 1,533 00 42,030.00 13,801 50 28.00 801.36 ..ft; -tons .tons .tons .tons 7.25 101.00 1,183.00 761.00 272.00 19,154.00 600.00 700.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.25 4.350 70,700 2,957 761 680 23,942 .08 .06 5.00 6.00 5.75 3.75 348.10 4,242.00 14.785.00 4.568.00 3,910.00 89,782.50 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 3,760 lbs.; in 1875, 40,555 lbs.: in- •crease, 37,795 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 333,314 lbs.; in 1875, 189,081 lbs.: s. Tobacco -_ .tfs. Broom Com _ lbs. Millet and Hungarian .-tons Timothy _. tons Clover .tons Prairie .tons 7,488.00 993.00 1,4«9.00 27,35S.00 49.00 8,755.00 17.00 752.50 71.74 239 00 63.50 .87 763.00 4.12 45.00 1,719.00 137.00 156.00 1.^.9.37.00 S9 is 20 00 21.00 14.00 42.00 30.00 34.00 20.00 120.00 160.00 12.5,00 15.00 100.00 10.00 700.00 810.00 2.75 1.25 3.00 1.50 149.640 20.853 20.006 1,149.036 i;470 297,670 340 90,300 11.478 29,875 952 87 7,630 2,884 36,450 4,727 171 468 23.905 $ 1.00 .62 .80 .25 1.25 .25 .95 .30 80 .45 1.10 .08 1.10 .08 .08 5.00 7.00 6.60 3.75 og H P B B hi O < « $149,640.00 12,928.86 .16,0 4.80 287,259.00 1.837.50 74,417.60 323.00 27,090.00 9,182.40 13,443.75 1,047.20 696.00 8,393.00 230.72 2,916.00 23;63S.0O 1,197.00 3,042.00 89,643.75 Bair;/ Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 16,930 lbs.; in 1875, 47,020 lbs.: increase, 30,090 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 129,120 lbs.; in 1875, 165,836 lbs.: increase, 86,206 lbs. Farm Animals.— ISnmbeT of horses, in 1870, 3,108; in 1875, 5,000: increase, 1,893. Mules and asses, in 1870, 169; in 1875, 258: increase, 89. Cattle, in 1870, 12,171; in 1875, 31,763: increase, 9,592. Sheep, in 1870, 3,214; in 1875, 1,674: decrease, 1,540. Swine, in 1870, 2,655; in 1875, 3,839: increase, 174. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,453; number of sheep killed by dogs, 37; value of Sheep killed by dogs,. $86.21. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 17; value of sheep killed by wolves, $39.61. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 42; orchards, 3,389; vineyards, 36.13. ApiacuUure. — Number -of stands of bees, 319; pounds of honey, 334; wax, 13. Fences.— Stone, 4,237 rods; cost, $10,592.50. Rail, 163,407 rods; cost, $323,309.63. Board, 82,570 rods; cost $109,405.25. Wire, 24,900 rods; cost, 8,675. Hedge, 84,999 rods; cost, $44,624.47. Total rods of fence, 359,113; total cost, $396,606.84. Water Powers. — There are good powers on the Neosho and Cottonwood. Manufactures. — Emporia, two water-power flouring mills and one steam flouring mill, combined capital $50,000; two water-power saw mills and two steam saw mills, combined capital $10,000; steam-power ioundry, capital $7,000; water-power furniture manufactory, capital $10,000; steam soap factory, capital $1,000; carriage manufactory, capital $5,000; cigar manufactory, brick factory and brewery. Americus, steam flouring and sawmill, capital $10,000; cheese factory. Centre 184 State Boaed op Ageiculttjee. township, steam saw mill, capital $3,500. Elmeudaro township, steam saw mill, capital $3,500; steam saw and flouring mill, capital $3,500; water-power flouring mill, capital $30,000. Jackson township, two water-power flouring mills and wind- power flouring mill and carding machine, combined capital $20,000. Pike town- ship, water-power flouring mill, capital $20,000; steam saw mill, capital $2,500. Waterloo township, steam saw mill, capital $5,000. Banks.— First National Bank of Emporia, capital $100,000; Emporia National Bank, capital $85,000; banking house of Dunlap, Howard & Co., Emporia. Newspapers. — The Emporia News, Emporia Ledger and Patrons' Oleaner, pub- lished weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 76; school houses, 80; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $74,669. The State Noimal School is located at Emporia. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 6, membership 300, church edifices 3, valuation, $13,500. Gongregational: Organizations 4; membership 317, church edifices 3, valuation $5,500. Baptist: Organizations 4, membership 120, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. United Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 115, church edifices 1, valuation $6,000. Methodist: Orgaizations 15, membership 484, church edifices 3, valuation $7,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 29; church edifices 1, valuation $4,000. Catholic: Organizations 5, membership 350, church edifices 2, valuation $3,500. Lutheran: Organizations 3, membership 61. There are also several churches maintained by the society of Friends, and four "Welsh churches. Meetings of the denomination of Christians are held in the school houses in various parts of the county. Libraries — In six townships there are two public libraries, with 1,900 volumes reported, and 159 private, containing 18,470 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the^ accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $7,640 ; poultry and eggs sold, $3,615.50; pounds of wool produced, 7,054. The prices of vacant land range from $2.50 to $7. MARTON COUNTY. Organized in 1865. Named in honor of General Francis Marion, of the revolu- tionary army. The county was first established in 1855, and re-established in 1860. Square miles, 954; population to square mile, 6.19. Population in 1860, 74; in 1870, 768: increase in ten years, 694; population in 1875, 5,907: increase in five years, 5,139: increase in fifteen years, 5,838. POPULATION OF 1876, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships akd Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 700 1,288 503 1,107 228 264 Clear Creek.. . 345 Grant _,_ Peabody 1,078 394 jUsley Wilson 1 -Born in the United States, 3,983; la Germany, 178; in Ireland, 46; in England and Wales, 100; in Scotland, 16; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 581; PoTJETH Annual Report. 185 MAP OF MAEION COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. u in France,.27; in North of Europe, 4; in Italy, 1; in South of Europe, 1,429; in British America, 113; in countries not specified, !■. (lc Winter Wheat bn. 5,331^00 20.00 106,620 $1.00 $106,620.00 Rye bu. 3,503.60 19.00 66,666 .60 89,9.59.60 Spring Wheat...- : Corn bu. 27,834.50 13.00 361,848 .78 282,241.44 bu. 23,910.00 42.00 1,004,220 .24 241,012.80 Barley bu. 1,615.25 24.00 36,366 1.22 44,366.52 Oats bu. 8,538.25 38.00 324,463 .25 81,113.25 Buckwheat : bu. 75.50 19.00 .1,434 .90 1,290.60 Potatoes, Irish bu. 747.74 119.00 88,981 .28 24,914.68 Sweet Potatoes bn. 7.60 120.00 900 .98 882.00 Sorghum _ Castor Beans gall. 316.32 110.00 34,795 ,50 17,397.50 -Tbu. Tl.OO 15.00 1,065 1.12 1,192.80 Cotton lbs. .75 50.00 37 .07 2,59 Flax bu. 448.75 10.00 4,487 1 05 4,711.35 Hemp lbs. 4,00 650.00 2,600 .65 1,690.08 Tobacco ....Rs. 6.62 500.00 2,810 .08 224.80 Broom Corn lbs. 459.00 937.50 745.00 2,75 341,915 2,578 .06 4.60 20,517.30 Millet and Hungarian tons 11,601,00 Timothy tons 67.87 1.00 68 7.00 476.00 Clover tons 66.00 2 50 162 6.75 1,093.60 Prairie .^ tons 1,038.00 1.50 1,667 3.00 4,671.00 Bairy Prodiiots.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 250 lbs.; in 1875, 28,510 lbs.: , increase, 28,260 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 125,303 lbs. ; in 1875, 305,147 lbs. r increase, 179,844 lbs. Farm Animals.— Number of horses in 1870, 3,534; in 1875, 4,182: increase, 1,648. Mules and asses, in 1870, 173; in 1875, 383: increase, 159. Cattle, in 1870,7,408; in. 1875, 16,160: increase, 8,753. Sheep, in 1870, 2,379; in 1875, 1,355: decrease, 1,024. Swine, in 1870, 3,909; in 1875, 5,485: increase, 3,576. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,666; number of sheep killed by dogs, 77; value of sheep killed by dogs, $179.41. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 61; value of sheep killed by wolves, $143.13. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 43.75; orchards, 1,505.37; vineyards, 18.50. Apiaevltwre. — Number of stands of bees, 61; pounds of honey, 335; wax, 5. Fences.— Btone, 9,510 rods; cost, $33,775. Rail, 60,314 rods; cost, $84,299.60. Board, 33,731 rods; cost, 150,581.50. Wire, 10,300 rods; cost, $7,467,50. Hedge,. 31,033 rods; cost, $17,063.10. Total rods of fence, 144,767 rods; total cost, $183,185.70. Water Powers. — The Big Blue river furnishes excellent water power; quite exten- sively utilized. Manufactures. — Maiysville township, water-power flouring mill, capital $50,000; water-power flouring mill, capital $35,000; cigar manufactory, capital $5,000; steam furniture manufactory, capital $10,000; vinegar factory and pottery. Waterville township, water-power flouring mill, capital $35,000; soap manufactory, capital $3,Q00; water-power flouring mill, capital $15,000; cigar manufactory. BlueBapids township, water-power flouring mill, capital $50,000; water-power woolen mill, capital $50,000; water-power paper mill, capital $35,000; water-power gypsum manufactory, capital $10,000; water-power flouring mill, capital $20,000. Vermil- lion township, steam flouring mill, capitaj $10,000; water-power flouring mill, cap- ital $5,000. Four cheese manufactories in the county, capital $15,000; also two cigar manufactories. One brewery at Marysville. Barrett, flour and saw miU.. Okelo, flouring mill. Irving, broom factory. Banks. — Marshall County Savings Bank, Waterville; banking house of Frank Fourth Annual Report. 129 ACEEAQB, AVERAGE YIELDS, PEODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bn. Kye _ bu. Spring Wheat bu. Com bu. Barley bu. Oats - bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bn. Sorehnm gall. Castor Beans _ a bu. Flax bu. Broom Corn -Bs. Hillet and Hnngarian tons 964.00 809.00 1,195.50 3,205.00 804.50 771.50 16.50 51.37 .81 44.00 .06 334.58 163.00 1,595.50 18.00 20.00 15.00 39.00 20.00 25,00 18.00 120.00 140.00 105.00 10.00 8.00 600.00 2.75 17,352 16,180 17,932 124,995 6,090 19,287 297 6,164 113 4,620 1,876 97,800 4,388 $1.00 .55 .68 1.20 .34 1.00 .50 1.37^4 55 1.10 98 .04 7.12H $ 17,352.00 8,899.00 12,193.76 34,373.62 7,308.00 6,557.58 297.00 308.20 155.37 2,541.00 1.10 1,838.48 3,912.00 31,264.50 A Ckop Statement. W. E. Fosnot, of Ellsworth, reports as follows: Buekwheat: The first week in June, I sowed a field of buckwheat on upland prairie, upon which a crop of sod corn had been raised the year before. Plowed the latter part of last May with a twelve-inch stubble plow. The crop yielded twenty -five bushels of buckwheat to the acre. After harvest, the ground being in fine mellow condition, I sowed to fall wheat, which came up, and is doing well; while the ground upon which millet had been raised, being hard and lumpy, the wheat sown upon it at the same time did not come up. Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 10,150 lbs.; in 1875, 5,650 lbs.: decrease, 4,500 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 10,096 lbs.; in 1875, 32,211 lbs. . increase, 33,115 lbs. '» Pa/rm Arbimals.—'Smnbex of torses,, in 1870, 187; in 1875, 887: increase, 700. Mules and asses, in 1870, 80; in*^875, 84: increase, 4. Cattle, in 1870, 2,051; in 1875, 7,011: increase, 4,960. Sheep, in 1870, 28; inl875, 784; increase, 756. Swine, in 1870, 186; in 1875, 1,163: increase, 977. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 249; number of sheep killed by dogs, 6; value of sheep killed by dogs, $13.98. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 33; value of sheep killed by wolves, $76.89. Sorticidiure. — Acres of nurseries, 13.35; orchards, 51.75. Pences.— Stone, 1,210 rods; cost, $3,430. Rail, 18,311 rods; cost, $27,316.50. Board, 4,759 rods; dost, $7,852.35. Wire, 3,300 rods; cost, $3,343.50. Hedge, 1,755 rods; cost, $965. Total rods of fence, 28,235; total cost, $40,796.60. Serd Law. — The herd law has been in force in the whole county since May last, and it has had a most beneficial effect; it has built up a graic ind domestic stock trade, and has brought peace and prosperity to the county. " May it be the rule all over the State." Water Powers. — Water powers are reported on the Smoky Hill, but none have been utilized. Manufactures. — Ellsworth, one saw mill. Fort Harker, one cheese factory. Banks. — Banking house of D. W. Powers & Co., Ellsworth. Business Bouses of Principal Town. — City of Ellsworth: Agricultural imple- ments and wagons, 2; books, periodicals and stationery, 3; boots and shoes, 3; clothing and tailoring, 6; confectionery, 3; carriage depositories, 3; dry goods, 3; drugs, oils and paints, 2; furniture and upholstery, 2; groceries, 5; gunsmith, 1; hardware, 2; hats and caps, 3; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 3; lumber, 1; music and musical instruments, 1; millinery, 2; queensware, 3; saddles and harness, 1; 130 State Board of Agkicultttre. sewing machines, 1; printing oflBce, 1; livery stables, 5; blacksmiths, 3; all other mercantile pursuits, not herein mentioned, 10. Neiospapers. — The Ellsworth Reporter, published weekly, at Ellsworth. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 18; school houses, 7; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $18,080. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 45. Baptist: member- ship 25. Methodist: Organizations 1, membership 30. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 16, church edifices 1, valuation $1,000. Catholic: Organizations 2, membership 280, edifices 1, valuation $900. Libraries. — But one township gives returns; this has six private libraries, with 510 volumes. Lands. — Unsold lands in this county are shown on the accompanying map. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $569; poultry and eggs sold, $741; pounds of wool produced, 1,015. Wages. — Farm laborers, with board, $15 to $25 per month; laborers in cities, $1 to $1.50 per day; carpenters, $2 to $3 per day; bricklayers and stonemasons, $3 to $3 per day; house painters, $2 to $3 per day; wagon makers, $3 to $3 per day; blacksmiths, $3 per day; shoemakers, $2 to $8; printers, per day, $2; per 1,000 ems, 40 cents; clerks, per month, $50 to $75; tinners, $2 per day. The price of vacant lands range from $2 to $6 per acre. FORD COUNTY. Organized in 1873. Named in honor of Col. James H. Ford, Colonel of the Sec- ond Colorado Cavalry, and Brevet Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers. Square miles, 1,080. Population to square mile, .75. Population in 1870, 427; population in 1875, 813: increase in five years 886. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Dodge 813 I. — Born in the United States, 608; in Germany, 25; in Ireland, 80; in England and Wales, 28; in Scotland, 9; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 8; in France, 4; in North of Europe, 1; in South of Europe, 5; in British America, 17; in countries not specified, 28. &».— Males, 626; females, 187. WHERE PROM TO KANSAS. Alabama - 1 Arkansas -- 2 California 4 Colorado 33 Connecticut 6 Delaware 1 Georgia 1 BlinoiB 62 Indiana 18 Iowa 61 Kentucky 6 Louisiana 29 Uaine 4 Maryland 8 Hassadmsetts 18 Michigan 12 Minnesota 2 Mississippi. 10 Missouri 157 Nebraska 9 Nevada 2 New Hampshire 1 New Jersey 2 New York 59 North Carolina Ohio 44 Oregon , Pennsylvania 18 Ehode Island 1 Tennessee . 8 Texas 80 Vermont Virginia 8 West Virginia Wisconsin :.. 12 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 16 Germany 4 Ireland 20 England and Wales 16 Scotland 5 France • Other North of Europe Other South of Europe British America 7 P'OURTH ANJ!fUAL RePOET. 131 MAP OF FOKD COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. I A.T.& S.F.B.B..LandB [ SettledLands I I sovelaunent Lands Born in Kansas, 48; not otherwise stated, 43. Occupation. — There are 64, or 15.7 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 133, or 39.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 157, or 38.5 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 64, or 15.7 per cent, in Manufactures and Mining. 132 State Board of Agriculture. County Seat. — ^Dodge City, the county seat, is 251 miles in an air line from To- peka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom lands, 20 per cent. ; upland, 80 per cent. ; forest, i per cent. ; prairie, 99 per cent. Average width of the Arkansas bottom, from 13 to 20 miles; general surface of the country level, a small proportion bluffy. Timber. — Of the very little timber found along the streams, the greater part is Cottonwood. Principal Streams. — Arkansas river. Mulberry, Duck, Saw-Log, Crooked and other small creeks, still unnamed. The county is well supplied with springs; well water obtained at from 10 to 30 feet. Coal. — It is reported that indications of coal have been discovered near the sur- face, but if it exists in any quantity, none has been developed. Building Stone, etc. — A good quality of limestone is found in the neighborhood of Tort Dodge. Railroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad runs through the county, following the valley of the Arkansas river. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 691,200; taxable acres, 120,061; under cultivation, 84.12; cultivated to taxable acres, .07 per cent.: decrease of cul- tivated acres during the year, 10.88. ACEEAGB. AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. i R CROPS. 1^ g 1 Winter Wheat bu. .50 15.00 7 $ .98 $ 6.86 Corn . . .. -hu. 41. BO 2.00 35.00 ao.oo 1,452 40 .30 1.20 435 60 Barley hu. 48 00 Oats -... hn. 8.00 20.00 160 .35 56.00 Potatoes, Irish bn. 6.00 80.00 480 .35 168.00 Sweet Potatoes --- bu. .18 130.00 16 .90 11.40 Millet and Hungarian ._: tons 26.00 2.00 52 6.00 312. Oa l)airy Products. — Butter manufactured in 1875, 500 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1875, 16. Mules and asses in 1875, 2.. Cattle in 1875, 288. Swine in 1875, 6. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 10. SorticuUure. — Acres of nurseries, 3; orchards, 5; vineyards, 6. Fences.— BoavA, 360 rod8;»cost, f576. Total rods of fence, 360; total cost, $576. Manufactures.— Dodge City, one tannery. Banks. — None in the county. Newspapers. — ^None in the' county. Schools, etc. — One school building, value, with furniture, etc., $1,525. Churches. — Baptist: Membership 35. Catholics: Organizations 2, membership ISO. Libraries. — None reported. Lands. — Unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $100. The price of vacant lands ranges from $3 to $7 per acre. PouKTH Annual Repokt. 133 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of the illustrious Benjamin Franklin. Square miles, 576. Population to square mile, 17.72. Population in 1860, 3,030; in 1870, 10,385: increase in ten years, 7,355; population in 1875, 10,108: decrease in five years, 377: increase in fifteen years, 7,078. :rxvii MAP OF FRANKUN COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. _JlXViil bJOX 3t XX 31XXI Unsold Lands of M.B. Ft.S.&QulfE.B. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. AppfLnnnsA 651 585 E03 659 483 Centropolis 703 378 869 2,595 1 506 Cutler- 610 FTRnklln Greenwood Lincoln Harrison 467 Hayes . Ohio . 541 Ottawa City of Ottawa _ Peoria 817 Pottawatomie Williamsburg Kichmond 301 134 State Board of Agbiculture. Nativity. — Bom in the United States, 9,402; in Germany, 149; in Ireland, 133; in England and Wales, 141; in Scotland, 24; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 105; in France, 38; in North of Europe, 5; in South of Europe, 3; in British America, 95; in countries not specified, 14. Sex. — Males, 5,173 ; females, 4,935. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 7 Arkansas 80 California 3 Colorado 14 Connecticut 14 Georgia 19 IHinoie 1,916 loaiana 726 Iowa 65i Kentucky 95 Louisiana 2 Maine 60 Maryland _ _ 44 MaseacliusettB 39 Michigan -.- 224 Minnesota 52 Mississippi 1 Missouri 1,035 Nebraska 19 New Hampshire 10 New Jersey 47 New York 238 North Carolina 18 Ohio ....1,169 Pennsylvania 3Bl Rhode Island 10 Texfts 41 Vermont 10 Virginia 62 West Virginia 12 Wisconsin 154 DiBt. of Columbia and the Territories 40 Germany...! 41 Ireland 22 England and Wales 32 Scotland 1 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 65 France 20 Otl;er North of Europe 6 British America 48 Born in Kansas, 2,600; not otherwise stated, 19. OccupaUon. — There are 1,734, or 67 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 345, or 13.3 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 216, or 8.3 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 291, or 11.2 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Ottawa, the county seat, is 37 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southeasterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom lands, 17 per cent. ; upland, 83 per cent. ; forest, 8 per cent. ; prairie, 92 per cent. Average width of Marais des Oygnes bottom, two miles; general surface of the country undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts — on the Marais des Oygnes, one mile; other creeks, one-quarter mile. Varieties: hickory, walnut, oak, elm, cottonwood, hackberry, mulberry and willow. Principal Streams. — The Marais des Cygnes runs from west to east through the county; Middle creek, a tributary of the foregoing, runs east; Ottawa creek, south- east; Pottawatomie, northeast; Mud creek, north; Coal creek, north; Appanoose, southeast. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water obtained from 18 to 40 feet. CoaZ. — Coal underlies 20 per cent, of the area of the county. Average thickness, 2 feet; depth ranges from surface to 20 feet; quality good; used extensively for fuel and for local manufacturing purposes. Building Stone, etc. — There is plenty of good lime and sandstone, well dis- tributed. Railway Connections. — The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad trav- erses the centre of the county from north to south, with a line operated by the same company running northeast from Ottawa to Kansas City. Principal station and junction, Ottawa, Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 368,640; taxable acres, 346,922; under cultivation, 123,620.24; cultivated to taxable acres, 35.65 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 58,177.24. FouETH Annual Report. 135 ACEEAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. 5^ P4 og U S sg Winter Wheat 1)U. Rye bu. Spring Wheat - bu. Com., bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gail. Castor Beans .bu. Cotton B)8. Flax bu Hemp B)s. Tobacco ^ B)s. Broom Corn Bis. Uillet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Fraiile tons 1,431.25 123 25 11.25 62,483:88 8.00 4,479.60 1,903.40 1,573.12 19.16 604.78 4,261.26 41-. 24 4,980.60 17.00 18.00 10.00 41.00 24.00 28.00 12.00 86.00 150.00 110.00 15.00 60.00 9.00 24,331 2,218 112 !,151,839 192 126,429 22,840 133,715 2,874 65,526 63,919 2,062 44,825 .97 .60 .78 .23 .35 1.00 .50 1.12 .08 1.06 $ 23,601,07 1,830.80 87.36 494,922.97 241 92 31,357.25 19,414.00 46,800.25 2,874.00 27,763.00 71,559.28 164 96 47,514.50 2.60 173.50 2,242.30 1,492.36 266.26 28,326.60 600.00 726.00 2.75 1.25 2.50 1.50 1,500 125,787 6,166 1,865 646 42,490 .08 .07 5.00 6.00 6.00 3.60 120,00 8,805.09 30,880.00 11,190.00 3,876 00 148,715 00 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 6,000 lbs. ; in 1875, 4,901 lbs. . de- crease, 1,099 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 185,640 lbs.; in 1875, 206,485 lbs. : increase, 20,845 lbs. Farm ^«M«a&.— Number of horses, in 1870, 3,706; in 1875, 4,837: increase, 1,131. Mules and asses, in 1870, 314; in 1875, 468: increase, 154. Cattle, in 1870, 10,936; in 1875, 13,807: increase, 1,881. Sheep, in 1870, 5,183; in 1875, 3,381: decrease, 2,801. Swine, in 1870, 6,636; in 1875, 6,143: decrease, 494. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,685; number of sheep killed by dogs, 118 ; value of sheep killed by dogs, $374.94. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 146; value of sheep killed by wolves, $340.18. Horticulture.— Acies of nurseries, 343.38; orchards, 3,350.16; vineyards, 173.44. Apiacultwe. — Number ot stands of bees, 421; pounds of honey, 1,047; wax, 60. Fenees.-^lone, 16,963 rods; cost, |38,166.75. Rail, 356,920 rods; cost, $472,919. Board, 71,541 rods; cost, $114,465.60. Wire, 44,500 rods; cost, $34,487.50. Hedge, 250,605 rods; cost, $125,303.59. Total rods of fence, 740,539; total cost, $785,341.35. Water Powers. — The Marais des Cygnes furnishes good powers, but none have been utilized. Manufactwes. — Appanoose township, steam flouring mill, steam saw mill, cabinet factory; cbmbined capital, $18,300. Cutler township, two steam saw mills, capital, $1,400; one cheese factory. Williamsburg township, steam silk manufactory,* steam grist mill. Peoria township, steam saw mill. City of Otta- wa, cigar manufactory, one soap factory, one oil mill, two steam grist mills, one steam furniture factory, one f oundiy, one steam saw mill, one steam wagon fac- tory. Stanton, cheese factory. Centropolis township, steam saw mill. Lane, steam saw miU. Banks. — First National Bank of Ottawa, capital $50,000; People's National Bank of Ottawa, capital $60,000; Ottawa Bank and Savings Institution. Newspapers. — The BepuUkan and Triumph, both published weekly at Ottawa. ScTiooU, etc. — Organized school districts, 83; school houses, 81; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $84,350; Ottawa University, con- trolled by the Baptist denomination, located at Ottawa. 136 State Board of Agriculture. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 70, church edifices 1, valuation $5,700, Congregational: Organizations 3, membership 95, church edi- fices 2, valuation $7,500. Baptist: Organizations 6, membership 350, church edi- fices 3, valuation $5,500. United Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 150, church edifices 3, valuation $3,000. Methodist: Organizations 16, membership 986, church ediflces6, valuation $15,800. Episcopal: Membership 10. Catholic: Organ- izations 4, membership 310, church edifices 1, valuation $500. Lutheran: Organ- izations 2, membership 39. Libraries. — In the county there are four public libraries, with 1,097 volumes, and 241 private, containing 16,671 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $2,519; poultry and eggs sold, $7,345.90; pounds of wool produced, 11,169. The prices of vacant land range from $2.50 to $10.00 per acre. HISTORY OF SILK INDUSTRY IN KANSAS. In 1869 was made the first attempt to introduce silk industry in Kansas. M. E. V. de Boissiere, a French gentleman of wealth and philanthropic views, in that year commenced weaving silk-velvet ribbons at Silkville, in Franklin county. In the following- letter to the Secretary of the Silk Association of America, he describes his beginning : ' ' I commenced weaving silk- velvet ribbons in 1869, but with very inadequate accommodations. In the following year I erected a factory 85 by 28 feet, one story high, with walls of stone, and having sixteen windows, which gave me ample room ; in fact, only one-half has been used for silk weaving. The other half I de- sign for a moulvrmge (a machine for dressing silk), already manufactured in Prance and now ready to ship. I have at this time three looms, of which two are constantly employed. Ribbons of various widths are produced according to the demands of the trade. One of my looms is capable of turning out 112 yards of half inch wide ribbon per day ; a second, 72 yards one inch wide ; the third, 40 yards two inches wide." Broad goods were woven in 1870-1, but not finding profitable market, their manufacture was abandoned. Since then the ribbon looms only have been employed. In 1870, preliminary steps were taken to grow silk. A seed bed of the white mulberry was planted, and replanted into an orchard the following year. That year the first silkworms were produced from California eggs. These did so well that they gave good encouragement for the future. In 1^3, eggs were imported from Japan. These too, did finely, and in 1874, the cocoons of the second genera- lion showed marked improvement over their progenitors. Meantime the mulberry plantation had been enlarged to about 25 acres, and throve vigorously, outstripping even the peach in rapid growth, and furnishing an abundance of rich succulent food for the worms. In 1875, about 2,000 pounds of cocoons were produced; this, the third genera- tion, showing as marked improvement over the second, as did the second over the first, bred from Japanese eggs. About 1,600 pounds are of as fine quality as can be produced anywhere. This year — 1876 — there are mulberry trees suflieient to provide the forage required to produce 10,000 pounds of cocoons. From eggs we get worms ; these make the cocoons; from cocoons silk is reeled. To reach this point has taken time, patience, much labor and money, and all will be useless unless the next step in silk industry — ^that of reeling — can be successfully established. This consists of reeling the fibre of from four to ten cocoons into a single thread, and the product is "raw silk." From it is produced all the various manufactures of silk. About 12 pounds, nearly a bushel, of cocoons are required to make one of raw silk. The difficulty is that the necessary machinery is somewhat expensive, and re- quires skilled labor of a kind which we have not. Besides, the product will have to enter market against established lines of trade, and in direct competition with raw silk produced by the cheap labor of China and Japan. Notwithstanding the acknowledged superiority of American grown silk Fourth Annual Report. 137 by those who are familiar with it, its production will necessarily cost more, and will take time to make its merits known to the trade and create a demand for it in the market. Yet, regardless of its certain costliness, M. de Boissiere will attempt reeling ; in fact, has ali-eady purchased the necessary machinery, and intends bringing it with him on his return from France in May. Nor do his intentions stop with making his own cocoons useful ; his 'desire is to provide a market for all that may be pro- duced in this section, and thus permanently establish the missing link in the chain of American silk industry. Many people in Kansas — ^whose climate possesses in a marked degree tlie condi- tions necessary to successful silk culture, as the results here amply testify — inspired by M. de Boissiere's example, have planted mulberry trees, and are preparing to ^row cocoons. In California, the Eastern, Middle and other States, many more have every requisite for their production — have produced them, and ceased only for lack of suitable market. Silk culture is one of the most profitable industries of the far East and portions of Durope. Its growth does not exhaust the soU, and it is a product that will bear transportation, as it contams much value in small space. Of the importance of this industry, I quote from the report of Prof. Riley, State Entomologist of Missouri, 1872. Speakingof this place he says :^' I shall await with much interest future developments in this colony. That it wiD succeed as a colony I have very little doubt, bjit whether it will do so as a silk settlement time only will tell. If it be- comes a success in this last sense, it will form a nucleus of a new and important in- dustry in the Mississippi Valley. * * * * The State of Kansas, if it looks well to its own interests, vrill not let the undertaking fail for want of encouragement ; for when an individual embarks in some new eijterprise, the success of which is of much importance to the State, he deserves encouragement from the legislature if it is necessary." France has zealously fostered her silk industries, scouring the world and spending annually large sums for the procuration of the healthiest eggs of the best breeds of silkworms. In this country, to encourage the culture, numerous States have ofEered bounties on mulberry trees planted, and cocoons produced. Connecticut and Cali- fornia supplemented these with an additional bounty on raw. silk. Governor Osborn, impressed with the public worth of such an addition to the sources of wealth as may be derived from silk production, called the attention of the legislature to this industry in his last annual message, and commended it to their fostering care. Early in the session a bill was introduced in the House, pro- viding for the payment of a bounty of fifty cents per pound on raw silk produced within the State. It passed the House, but was not reached in the Senate in time for a fair discussion of its merits. SiLKTiLLE, Franklin Co., Kansas, March 23, 1876. GREENWOOD COUNTY, Organized in 1863. Named, it is supposed, in honor of Alfred B. G-reenwood, who was connected with the department of Indian Affairs, and, on the part of the Government, negotiated treaties with the Sac and Fox and other tribes of Indians in Southern Kansas. Square miles, 1,155; population to square mile, 5.61. Pop- ulation m 1860, 1,077; in 1870, 3,484: increase in ten years, 3,407; population in 1875, 6,483: increase in five years, 3,999: increase in fifteien years, 5,406. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. lOWNSHIPS AHD CiTIBS Pop Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Eureka 1,134 618 736, 230 Fall River , 736 407 827 363 Janesville , 404 MftiliRon Otter Creek 383 Pleasant Grove SprinpCreek Salem Salt Springs 995 Twin Grove 138 State Board of AGKicnxTTJEE. MAP OF GEEBNWOOD COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. KtX RXI kXII 3tXIII I A.T.& S.F.K.E.Lana3 M.K.& T.B.Il.Laiias £AND, MCNALLY A CO, .ESG'S. CHICAGO Goyernmeni Lauds Fourth Annual Repoet. 139 2fativiti/.—Boio. ia the United States, 5,977; in Germany, 59; in Ireland, 58; in England and Wales, 116; in Scotland; 15; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 135; in France, 5- in North of Europe, 1; in South of Europe, 13; in British America, 114. &.C.— Males, 3,416: females, 3,022. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas California 65 4 10 2 Mississippi.... Missouri Nebraska Nevada . NewHampshire 4 753 46 2 ...•-. 5 4 Virginia ■ West Virginia 78 1 Colorado Connecticut Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales .Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe.. Other South of Europe.. 171 Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan 23 1,433 714 682 93 2 4 24 16 78 15 1 New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Ehode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont....... ..... 84 15 85B 7 57 ;i.".' "58 23 21 6 41 3 46 .... inn Born in Kansas, 1,432; not otherwise stated, 6. Occupation. — There are 1,816, or 80.1 percent., engaged in Agriculture; 110, or 6.6 per cent., in Professional and Personal Service ; 55, or 3.3 per cent., in Trade and Transpertation ; 161, or 9.7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Eureka, the county seat, is 91 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 30 per cent. ; upland, 80 per cent. ; forest, 5 per cent.; prairie, 95 percent. Average width of bottoms, one mile; general surface of the country undulating, with blufis usually skirting one side of the streams. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, 50 rods. Varieties: oak, walnut, hack- berry, hickory, elm, cottonwood, sycamore, mulberry and ash. Principal Streams. — ^Verdigris and Fall rivers; Willow, Slate, Homer and Bach- elor creeks flow into the Verdigris. Otter, Spring, Salt and Honey creeks flow into Fall river; general course of the streams, southeasterly. The county is well sup- plied with springs; well water obtained at a depth of from 12 to 35 feet. Coal.— 'Thin veins have been discovered in some portions of the county at a depth of from four to eight feet below the surface. Quality medium; used for black- smithing, fuel for steam mills, and to a limited extent for domestic purposes. Building Stone, etc. — Sand and limestone is abundant in all parts of the county. There is a salt spring, from which a good quality of salt was made years since. Pottery clay has been found in the southern part of the county, but has not been thoroughly tested as yet. Railroad Connections. — No railroads in the county. Agricultural Statistics.— Acres in the county, 739,200; taxable acres, 527,553; under cultivation, 57,855.34; cultivated to taxable acres, 10.96 per cent.: increase of ctdtivated acres during the year, 14,139.34. 140 State Board of Ageicultuee. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat Rye Spring Wheat Corn Barley Oats Buckwheat Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorghum Castor Beans Cotton Plar Hemp Tohacco Broom Corn Millet and Hungarian. Timothy Clover Prairie ..hu. ...bu. ...bu. -hu. ...bu. ..bu. ...bu. ...bu. ...bu. -gall. ...bu. ...ftf. ...bu. ..lbs. ..lbs. .tons .tons .tons .tons ■ 6,182.50 483.50 58.00 34,839.50 5.00 3,965.35 44.25 563.03 28.95 482.32 125.50 8.36 125.30 15.00 33.87 1,164.00 29.50 40.00 10,958.00 1^ ai.oo 24.00 14.00 44.00 28.00 40.U0 24.00 125.00 170.00 125.00 18.00 175.00 10.00 750.00 800.00 325.00 1.50 2.60 2.00 129,832 11,604 812 1,092,938 140 158,610 1,062 70,379 4,921 60,290 2,259 1,463 1,253 9,750 27,096 3,750 44 100 21,916 $ .87 .55 1.18 .20 .75 .20 1.00 .45 1.00 .07 1.00 .06 06 6.00 6.00 6.00' 3.00 OS $U2,953.84 6,382.20 487.20 218,587.60 165.20 31,722.00 796.50 14,076.80 4,921.00 27,130.50 2,259.00 182.41 1,253.00 585.00 1;625.76 22,600 264.00 600.00 66 748.00 EXTRAOKDINABT YIELDS: — Statement of J. T. Bullock, of Valley: Corn: Plowed the land about six inches deep and planted the second week in May. The variety was a large yellow corn. I plowed the crop three times, and kept the ground free from weeds. The soil is a black loam — prairie bottom land. I har- vested in the latter part of September, and obtained 170 bushels to the acre, by weight. Potatoes. I have peach blow potatoes which yield 480 bushals per acre. I ma- nured the ground the fall of 1674, and planted the potatoes the first of May. I plowed them four times with a cultivator, and hoed them once. I planted them in drills 3i feet apart. Harvested them the latter part of October. Statement of John J. Greenhalgh, of Kenton: Corn: I planted the large St. Charles white com. The average yield is 117 bush- els and 64 pounds per acre. The soil is good bottom timber land, and has been cultivated for five years, in corn every year. I plowed ten inches deep, and planted the corn 3 feet 8 inches apart each way, four kernels in each hill, and covered deep with a hoe. Plowed the corn three times each way, finishing on the 19th of June, at which time the ground was free from weeds. I planted on the 14th and 15th of May. The ground was measured, and the corn husked, weighed and measured on the 27th day of September 1875. The cost of producing five acres is as follows: Plowing land, three days, @ $2.00 per day $6 00 Marking and planting 6.60 Hoeing, twelve days, @76ctB. per day 9 00 Plowing, three days, @$1.26 per day 3.76 Total cost $24.26 , Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 190 lbs.; in 1875, 2,200 lbs.: increase, 3,010 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 55,385 lbs. ; in 1875, 165,033 lbs. : increase, 109,747 lbs. Farm Auimals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 1,638; in 1875, 3,731: increase, 2,088. Mules and asses, in 1870, 64, in 1875, 397: increase, 333. Cattle, in 1870, 7^750; in 1875, 33,631: increase, 15,871. Sheep, in 1870, 3,575; in 1875, 1,683: decrease, 1,893. Swine, in 1870, 1,890; in 1875. 4,441: increase, 3,551. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,409; number of sheep killed by dogs, 58; value of sheep killed by dogs, $135.14. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 37; value of sheep killed by wolves, $86.31. Fourth Annual Report. 141 Hortievitnre.—A.CT^s of nurseries, 16.25; orchards, 1,681.13; vineyards, 23.48. Apiaevlture. — Number of stands of bees, 54; pounds of honey, 153; wax, 15. i?e7ic««.— Stone, 13,641 rods; cost, $28,987.13. Bail, 194,453 rods; cost, $262,511.55. Board, 33,641 rods; cost, $55,489.70. Wire, 34,000 rods; cost, $19,200. Hedge, 106,580 rods; cost $58,619. Total rods of fence, 371,315; total cost, $427,807.37. Herd Law. — No herd law. Water Powers. — There are good powers on Fall river, and on Willow and Otter creeks; several of these streams have been utilized. Two mills have been erected on Fall river, one on Willow and one on Otter creeks. Manufactwres. — ^Lane township, steam saw mills, capital, $1,600. There are several portable saw mills in the county. Eureka, steam flour mill, and steam flour and saw mill. Janesville, one saw mill. Madison, saw mill. Twin Falls, water- power flour mill. Kenton, two steam saw mills, Quincy, steam saw mill, water- power saw mill. Banks. — The Eureka Bank, and Martindale, Tucker & Co., of Eureka. Newspapers. — The Herald and Censorial, both published weekly, at Eureka. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 74; school houses, 67; value of school building and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $78,620, Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $4,000. Congregational: Organizations 3, membership 111, church edi- fices 1, valuation $1,300. Baptist: Organizations 3, membership 300. Methodist: Organizations 15, membership 235, church edifices 1, valuation $1,400. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 20, church edifices 1, valuation $1,000. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 700, church edifices 1, valuation $700. Libraries. — One public and 111 private libraries are found in seven townships; the number of volumes being 6,330. Lands — The imsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $1,393; poultry and eggs sold $1,699; pounds of wool produced, 5,529. TTa^e*.— Farm laborers, per month, with board, $15 to $30; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1.50 to $2; carpenters, per day, $2.50 to $3.50; bricklayers and stonemasons, $3 to $4; house painters, $3.50 to $3; wagon makers, $2.50 to $3.50; blacksmiths, $2 to $3; shoemakers, $3 to $3; harness makers, $3.50 to $3; tailors, $3 to $3; printers, $3 to $3; clerks, per month, $40 to $100; tinners $2 to $3. The price of vacant lands ranges from $1.35 to $7 per acre. HARVEY COUNTY. Organized in 1873. Named in honor of James M. Harvey, Captain of Company G, Tenth Begiment Kansas Volunteers, Infantry, and who was Governor of Kansas from 1869 to 1873, and was elected in 1874 a United States Senator for an unexpired term, terminatingin 1877. Square miles, 540; population to square mile, 9.36. Pop- ulation in 1875, 5,406. 142 State Board of Agriculture. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships aud OlTIBS. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Alta 303 238 293 467 Darlington 244 418 266 408 280 Emma .„ 239 Halstead Lake 191 Lakin Macon Newton City 769 Pleasant Eiohland Walton - 203 Valley 475 Jlill MAP OF HAEVET COUNTy, KANSAS, 1875. Rll HI RJL Rll BAND, MCHALLY A CO.,E»C'9,CUI0A00 GoTemment Lands Nativity. — ^Born in the United States, 4,198; in Germany, 124; in Ireland, 68; in England and Wales, 115; in Scotland, 42; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 27; in France, 7; in North of Europe, 378; in South of Europe, 4; in British America, 82; in countries not specified, 1. Sea.— Males, 2,774; females, 2,272. WHEEE FROM TO KA.NSAS. Arkansas 1 6 Colorado Connecticnt 10 2 17 Georgia . ^ - 1,113 Indiana .303 627 Kentucky 150 2 Maine 9 Maryland Massachusetts 3 - 10 Michigan 169 Minnesota ; 9 Mississippi 31 Missouri 383 Nebraska 28 Nevada 10 New Hampshire ^ 4 New Jersey 8 NewYork 116 North Carolina 11 Ohio 439 Pennsylvania 148 Bhodelsland 4 Tennessee 31 Texas 14 Vermont 20 Virginia le WestVirglnia 21 Wisconsin 207 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 23 Germany lo Ireland 4 England and Wales 26 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 11 France 1 Other North of Europe 25 ♦Other South of Europe.. 361 British America 34 * See statement concerning the Mennonites at the close of the county summary. ' FouETH Annual Report. 143 Bom in Kansas, 602. Occupation. — There are 1,066, or 73.2 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 121, or8.3 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 124, or 8.5 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 145, or 9.9 per cent, in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Newton, the county seat, is 113 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — ^Bottom lands, 40 per cent.; upland, 60 per cent.; forest, 1 per cent.; prairie, 94 per cent. The bottoms are generally narrow, and the surface ■of the country is level. There is very little timber, confined to the streams. Va- rieties: walnut, hackberry and cottonwood. Pnncipal Streams. — Little Arkansas river, its tributary (Jester creek), and White-- water. There are a few fine springs in the county, and good well water is obtained at a depth of 25 feet Coal. — None has been developed in the county. Building Stone, etc. — There is some, but not a very abundant quantity, of good building stone; the strata are thin. There is plenty of gypsum. Railroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Bailroad enters the county near its northeastern corner, and runs through its entire extent in a general southwestern direction. Stations, Walton, Newton, Halstead and Burton. A branch of the same road runs from Newton, in a southerly course to Wichita, in Sedgwick county. Station Lu Harvey county, Sedgwick. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 345,600; taxable acres, 319,173; under cultivation, 73,820.62; cultivated to taxable acres, 33.68 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 51,474.62. ACREAGE, ATEEAGE YIELDS, PKODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. § P4 og Winter Wheat bn. Rye .-...bn. Spring Wheat ba. Corn bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat _ bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum... gall. Castor Beans bu, Cotton lbs. riaz bu. Hemp fts. Tobacco lbs. Broom Com Bs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover _ tons Prairie tons 10,045.00 1,867.00 552.00 15,886.00 253.50 7,269.00- 24.00 488.00 28.87 131.25 8.25 5.50 300.00 .50 434.75 158.00 78.50 18.00 10,004.00 22.00 25.00 15.00 46.00 28.00 42.00 25.00 130.00 200.00 100.00 18.00 175.00 10.00 220,990 31,675 8,280 730,756 7,070 305,298 600 6-3,440 5,774 13,125 148 962 3,000 700.00 860.00 2.75 1.50 3.00 2.00 350 115,885 434 118 54 20,008 $1.02^4 .62 .25 1.25 .24 .95 .40 .90 .57 1.15 .10 1.10 .08 .08 4.25 5.00 5.00 3.00 $226,514.75 19,638.50 5,175.00 182,689.00 ' 8,837.50 73,271.52 570.00 25,376.00 5,196.60 7,481.25 170.20 96.20 3,300.00 28.00 9,270.80 1,844.50 590.00 270.00 60,024,00 Large Yield: — Statement of C. Kirlin, of Newton: Winter Wheat: In the latter part of September x sowed broadcast and harrowed in the variety known as "Red Genesee." I also sowed in corn stubble, and plowed in with a cultivator, some of the same variety, in all about fifty acres. I harvested ia the latterpart of June, and obtained thirty bushels per acre. This wheat weighed 144 State Board of Agkicultuee. sixty-four pounds to the bushel. The soil is a black sandy loam, second bottom, prairie, and has been in cultivation two years, the first crop being sod corn. The cost of producing is as follows: Seed, per acre $1.85 Planting, per acre -.- - --- 1.50 Harvesnng and stacking, per acre - 2.00 Threshing _. S.OO 7.76 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 41 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 68,490 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1875, 1,618. Mules and asses, in 1875, 377. Cattle, in 1875, 3,863. Sheep, in 1875, 777. Swine, in 1875, 3,223. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 615; number of sheep killed by dogs, 3; value of sheep killed by dogs, $6.99. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 1; value of sheep killed by wolves, $3.33. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 36.35; orchards, 855.50; vineyards, 18. Ferae**.— Rail, 30 rods; cost, $35.50. Board, 1,751 rods; cost, $2,801.60. Wire,, 300 rods; cost, $145. Hedge, 136,630 rods; cost, $71,725.50. Total rods of fence, 138,591; total cost, $74,697.60. Herd Law. — The herd law has been in force since March, 1873. The effect has been very beneficial, and the people could not well do without it. Water Powers. — The Little Arkansas furnishes water powers, but as they have been but little utilized, their extent cannot be stated. Manufactures. — Halstead township, water-power flouring mill, capital $5,000. Sedgwick township, steam flouring mill, capital $500. Newton, wagon and car- riage factory. Alto township, water-power flour mill. Banks. — Harvey County Savings Bank, Newton, and Citizen's Savings Bank, Sedgwick City, the capital of the two being $10,000. Business Bouses of Principal Town. — City of Newton : Agricultural implements and wagons, 3; books, periodicals and stationary, 1; boots and shoes, 1; clothing and tailoring, 3; confectionery, 3; drugs, oils and paints, 2; furniture and uphol- stery, 1; groceries, 3; hardware, 1; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 1; lumber, 3; millinery, 3; general country stores, 7; saddles and harness, 1. Newspa/pers. — The Newton Kansan and Ha/rwy County News, weekly, published at Newton. ScliooU, etc. — Organized school districts, 67; school houses, 39; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $43,397. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 38, church edifices 1, val- uation $3,600. Congregational: Organizations 2, membership 54, church edifices 1, valuation $2,000. Baptist: Organizations 2, membership 108. Methodist: Or- ganizations 9, membership 216, church edifices 1, valuation $8,000. Episcopal:, Membership?. Catholic: Organizations 3, ^nembership 400. Libraries. — There are three public and 110 private libraries reported from seven, townships; these libraries contain 5,033 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands of this county are shown on the accompanying map. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $1,643.50; poultry and eggs sold,, $3,043; pounds of wool produced, 778. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $13 to $16; laborers, in cities- or on public improvements, per day, $1.50 to $2; carpenters, $2.50 to $3; bricklay- ers and stone masnns, $2.50 to $3; house painters, $2 to $2.50; wagon makers,. $2 to $3.50; blacksmiths, $2 to $2.50; shoemakers, |2 to, $2. 50; harness makei-s„ FotTRTH Annual Report. 145 $3 to |;2.oO;"lailors, $3 to $3.50; printers, $2 to |2.50; clerks, per month, $60 to $80; tinners, per day, $3 to iJ3.50. The prices of vacant land range from $3.50 to $6.50 per acre. *THE MEISTNOOTTES. The Meiinonite immigration to Kansas during the past few months has been an event highly favorable to the development of the State. This immigration has been very considerable in numbers, amounting in all to nearly 4,500 during the years 1874 and 1875. These people are of a most industrious class, and of exemplary morals and un- usual practical intelligence. They have taken up their abodes in the frontier counties of the State, and have purchased or made homestead settlements upon the uncultivated lands of the State, and are rapidly bringing them into cultivation and production. !Menno Simonis, from whom the sect takes its name, was a contemporary of Martin Luther. One year after the great reformer had openly proclaimed his fundamental articles of Protestantism in Germany, Menno gathered about him, in Holland, and disciplined into a distinct confessional society all the elements created by the great reform movement of that age, whose peculiar features were, non-combative- ness, and baptism after spiritual maturity. The Mennonites had to suffer great persecutions in those warlike times, at the hands of the governments and the estab- lished churches; they were compelled to wander from one country to another, until the great Frederick of Prussia — in whose dominions every one was permitted . to go to heaven after his own fashion — extended his hospitalities to them. Their first settlement in Russia dates back to 1790, during the reign of Emperor Paul, and it continued during the reign of Katherine II. PTJBCHASB OP LAiroS. In contemplation of emigration to America, the several communities and socie- ties of Mennonites of Southern Bussia sent delegations to this country, to make observations, and report upon the lands, climate, productions, etc. A favorable report having been made, and emigration to the United States having been deter- mined upon, other delegations — one from each colony formed, each delegation composed of two members — were sent forward in advance to select locations and to make purchases of lands. These delegations were the accredited agents of the colonies which they respectively represented, to contract for land for the individual members, according to the wants and the ability of each to purchase. The land was purchased in the name of these agents, as trustees for the respective members. Lands other than railroad lands were deeded directly to the grantee. The railroad laruds were re-deeded to the members at a small advance. The profits arising therefrom were used in paying for a few sections which are deeded to the poor, security being taken for an assessed payment to the colony for the investment. A portion of the profits arising from this addition to the purchase price was used in payment for the land covered by their town sites. DIVISIONS OF TOWNS INTO LOTS. The towns are divided into as many lots as there are members of the colony hav- 10 146 State Board of AGRicuLTurffe. ing their farms outside. Each town embraces a section of land, and is divided thus- The lots are one-half mile deep, and have a uniform front according to the num- ber of heads of families representing each colony. The four centre lots, two on either side of the central street, are reserved for common use for school, church, store, etc. To meet the mercantile wants of the community, ground is rented for a store, a contract being taken from the lessee that no intoxicating liquors or to- bacco shall be sold. Subsequently a portion of this reserved ground may be used for a public hall, for all the social needs of the colony. LAWS AND SBGULATIONS. The laws and regulations of these Mennonites are voted upon by the heads of households, at their meetings on Sunday, immediately after religious services. Every kind of public business is considered at this time. There are two kinds of work done under the public direction and supervision, public and private. Tor example: A row of trees, or hedge, is ordered around each lot; this is done at the expense of the individual owning the lot. A row of trees is ordered along the street; each individual is compelled to bear his share of the cost of this. The storekeeper is voted upon. A majority vote decides, not plurality. The contract runs for a given time, when a new election takes place, so that he can be displaced if he has failed to give satisfaction. School houses, churches, and all other public improvements are built by the common labor of the colony. At the meetings the names of persons are designated who are to perform certain work during the com- ing week. Erom Sunday to Sunday is this done, until each head of the family has performed his share, and so on, again and again, from one year to another. Outside of the town, a road is left around each section and trees are planted by the common work. Each owner is bound to hedge his own lajid at his own indi- vidual expense. They agreed to plow, the first year, forty acres to each quarter section, and to set out ten acres of timber to each quarter section. The setting out of all trees, as well as hedges, is under the supervision of a practical forester, who has the subsequent supervision and care of them. This forester receives no pay for his services. He is not required to perform the manual labor which be- longs to the members, but has the direction and supervision. The general business of the colony is transacted by three persons, selected an- nually for that purpose, who hold their offices for one year, and perform their duties without compensation. It is the business of these agents to present the business to be acted upon, from week to week, at the meetings, and to give svig- gestions and advice; and when any work is ordered they see that it is done. These agents are guardians for that year for all orphans, and act also as purchas- ing agents whenever goods in large quantities are required; such as lumber, ma- chinery, farm implements, etc. These officers are elected at a general annual meeting or convention of all the colonies of the State. At this annual meeting three agents are elected at large to supervise the local agencies. The general agents are the supreme umpires, to whom all questions can be appealed from the Fourth Annual Report. 147 local agents, who are constituted the local umpires. All questions in dispute among themselves are settled in this manner without resorts to suits at law. If they are forced into the courts by outsiders, of course they defend themselves, or bring suits when there is no other means of relief. BELIGIOUS AUD SOCIAL AFFAIRS. The officers of the church consist of one bishop for all the colonies of Kansas. Each colony has a clergyman. The bishop is elected for five years, the clergy- man for one year; the latter is always one of the local committee. Neither bishop or clergyman receives pay for his services; and it may be here stated, that no officer receives any pay for his services. One of the main tenets is baptism, immersion. Children are not baptised until they arrive at the age of reason — four- teen years — ^when they are confirmed. They are examined at this time concerning their knowledge of the Bible and the tenets of the church, concerning their religious beliefs, and if they pass an examination, they are confirmed and baptized. It is against the religious beliefs to take an oath in court, they affirm, and they are con- scientiously opposed to bearing arms. They commune in remembrance of, but do not believe in, the presence or transelementation of Christ. SCHOOLS, Education, nrousTKiBS. Each child from five to fourteen years of age has to attend school, not less than six months each year, in their settlements in Kansas. They have for the most part their own schools at present. At Gnadenau, Marion county, they effected a com- promise with the school officers, by which two teachers were employed; one Eng- lish, by the district; another, Mennonite, by the Mennonites; each receiving their proportion of the school funds. Teachers have to possess the requisite qualifica- tions. They are examined by the local board, or by a committee appointed by them. The branches taught are those usually taught in a common school. The money for teachers and other necessary disbursements is by subscription. The subscription is directed by the local' committee as to the amount each one is to pay. After the age of fourteen, those possessing the desire to do so, and the means, can pursue their studies at pleasure. In addition to the common branches of education, the children are taught in the schools such of the mechanical arts as they will be required to engage in in after life. This explains the reason why these Mennonites are able to make their own farming implements, wagons, clothing, shoes, etc. These schools are, in fact, industrial schools; every pupil learns a trade. Here is to be observed a striking contrast between the education of the Mennonite youth, compared with the course of education in American common schools. The Men- nonite leaves school qualified for a useful employment. This is in beautiful con- trast with the American youth who flock to our cities, learning the rudiments of crime instead of industrial pursuits. THE POOK. When the Mennonites emigrated to Kansas and purchases were made, the poor had a certain amount of land set off to them, which they were to pay for as hereto- fore stated. If they are too poor to have teams, their land is broken by the colony, or by persons designated by the local committee, to be paid back in labor from time to time as they are able. Of course, under this wise arrangement, they co not remain poor very long. CKIMB. In the event of crime being committed, the laws of the State govern, and they do not assume to punish or take jurisdiction beyond these laws. 148 State Boakd of Agriculture. BLOODED STOCK. In Russia, the Mennonites had a custom of purchasing male animals, such as stallions, bulls, rams, etc., in common — that is, the village or colony would pur- chase, each individual contributing according to the amount of stock owned by him; such animal to be used ii- common. In consequence of this practice in Russia the Mennonite horses are superior, and sold for a high price to army officers in the cavalry service. LOCATION, ETC. There is one group of three colonies; they are entirely separate, but their lands join. They are located in the counties of Marion, McPherson and Harvey. There is another colony located in Reno county, with Halstead as the centre. There are also several colonies in the counties of Burton and Pawnee. The Mennonites are well pleased with the country. Their lands were mostly purchased of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company. In Pawnee county Ihey are entering government land, and for that purpose, and to enable them to acquire title, they have taken out naturalization papers. This was a seri- ous question at first, as they did not care to place themselves in a position where they were liable to bear arms, but the land question settled this. The foregoing facts were chiefly furnished by Edward Dolgorouki, of Marion Centre, Marion county, Kansas. JACKSON COUNTY Organized in 1857. Named in honor of Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States. The county was established in 1855, and named Calhoun, in honor of John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina. The name was changed in 1859. Square miles, 658. Population to square mile, 10.15. Population in 1860, 1,936; in 1870, 6,053: increase in ten years, 4,117; population in 1875, 6,681: increase in five years, 628: increase in fifteen years, 4,745. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. toavnships akd Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. TO5 931 515 359 Douglas _ 589 734 434 330 City of Holton 650 Grant- Netawaka 583 T.iTiprtv Soldier 339 RtraiVht Creek WasMngton •WMting 423 Nativity. — Born in the United States, 5,997; in Germany, 178; in Ireland, 171; in England and Wales, 125; in Scotland, 24; in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 29; in France, 2; in north of Europe, 10; in south of Europe, 40; in British America, 104; in countries not specified, 1. Sex — Males, 3,496; females, 3,185. Fourth Annual Report. 149 MAP OF JACKSON COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. bXV JtXVI ""Zgri^-iy Central Brsmch Union, Pacific B,B.Lands 31AND, MCNALLV K.P E.E.Lands LLV k CO.jENg'SjCHICAOO. WHEEE FROM TO KANSAS. 3 12 4 4 9 1 7 783 497 614 119 10 3 10 40 139 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska .... 19 36 940 .... 20 4 West Virginia 35 Califomia Colorado Connectiont Delaware Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland-... Sweden, Norway and Den- mark - 258 8 48 riorida New Jersey 6 13 New York 78 39 Illinois Indiana Iowa North Carolina Ohio Oregon Penngylyanla Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia 1 .... 494 1 .— 137 2 .... 23 2 .... 6 .... 24 5 9 2 Jiouisiana Maine Maryland Other North of Europe.... Other South of Europe.... 1 9 79. Michigan 150 State Boaed of Agricttltuee. Born in Kansas, 2,084; not otherwise stated, 44. Occupation. — There are 1,305, or 79.4 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 154, or 9.3 per cent., in Professional and Personal Service; 70, or 4.2 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 114, or 6.9 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining, County Seat. — Holton, the county seat, is 29 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northerly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 13 per cent.; upland, 87 per cent.; forest, 5 per cent.; prairie, 95 per cent.; average width of bottoms, 1 mile; general surface of the country, undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-half mile. Varieties: white oak, walnut, hickory, black oak, Cottonwood, elm, hackbeny, and sycamore. Principal Streams. — Muddy, "Walnut, Little and Big Straight creeks run south- east; Elk and Bill's creeks, east; North and South Cedars, southeast to the Grass- hopper river; Bast and West Muddy, south to Kansas river; Little Soldier, Big Soldier, Cross creek, and Little Cross creek, south to the Kansas river. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water reached from 10 to 60 feet. Coal. — Thin veins of coal crop out in various places along the streams, but none of consequence has been developed. Wood is cheap and is the chief fuel used. Building Stone, etc. — Good building stone found on almost every section. A salt vein was strjiick in digging a well in Jefferson township, but its extent and value have not been tested; said to be plenty of mineral paint and pottery clay, as well as a bed of gypsum. As none of these have deen utilized, the reports are rather vague. BaUroad Connections. — The Kansas Central (naiTow gauge) Railroad enters the county on the eastern border, and extends in a northwesterly direction to Holton, furnishing a direct connection with Leavenworth, and with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Pe Railroad at Grasshopper Palls. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 421,130; taxable acres, 329,962; under cultivation, 90,738.76; cultivated to taxable acres, 27.50 percent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 2,985.76. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Eye bu. Spring Wheat bu. Com bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat - bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum. - gall. Castor Beans 1 bu. Cotton B)s. Flax bu. Hemp - fts. Tobacco lbs. Broom Corn ...lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tone Prairie tone 5,684.25 1,349.85 371.00 39,827.04 218.00 5,747.00 798.54 950.69 6.74 351.03 13.50 813.00 5.12 62.75 4,115.50 544.75 101.00 23,431.00 A^ 17.00 16.00 10.00 41.00 24.00 28.00 20.00 80.00 120.00 105.00 15.00 10.00 600.00 725.00 237.00 100.00 2,50 1.25 Ph 96,832 21,598 3,710 1,632,909 5,282 160,916 15,971 76,055 809 . 36,858 8,130 3,072 45,494 9,754 545 260 29,289.00 $ .60 .78 .25 1.23 .25 .90 .35 1.10 ,50 1.10 1.05 .08 .07 4.00 6.75 5.75 3.50 S ^ P P J o >Ph $ 94,895.36 12,958.80 2,893.80 408,227.25 6,435.36 40,229.00 14,.373.90 26,619.25 889.90 18,429.00 8,536. ..0 245 76 3,184.58 39,016.00 3,678 75 1,495.00 102,511.50 1-^2 State Board of Agriotjlttjee. Lakge Yield. — Statement of Geo. W. Drake, of Holton: Winter Wheat : In August, from 15th to 30th, drilled in red May, fall wheat, in a field of one hundred acres. The soil is the common upland prairie of Kansas. This was the first crop. Harvested from June 33d to July 3d. The wheat measured 2,164 bushels from the thresher, or over 21^ bushels per acre. The total cost of producing the crop, including seed, was |650. Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 1,718 lbs.; in 1875, 2,584 lbs.; increase, 866 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 145,698 lbs. ; in 1875, 223,895 lbs. : increase, 77,197. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 3,484; in 1875, 4,564: increase 1,080. Mules and asses, in 1870, 333; in 1875, 473: increase, 249. Cattle, in 1870, 9,175; in 1875, 15,667: increase, 6,492. Sheep, in 1870, 3,857; in 1875, 1,716: decrease, 1,141. Swine, in 1870, 4,633; in 1875, 4,535: decrease, 87. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,350; number of sheep killed by dogs, 120; valueof sheep killed by dogs, $379.60. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 73; value of sheep killed by wolves, $170.09 Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 46.50; orchards, 3,124.75; vineyards, 17.74. ApiacuUure.—'^umbQv of stands of bees, 156; pounds of honey, 677; wax, 48. i^«rac«s.— Stone, 3,534 rods; cost, $8,369.50. Rail, 249,910 rods; cost, $334,883. Board, 66,537 rods; cost, 88,148.37. Wire, 31,900 rods; cost, $25,520. Hedge, 104,089rods; cost, 46,840.05. Total rodsof fence, 455,950; totalcost, $493,760.83. Water Powers. — Several mUls are being erected, and a number of good powers are not utilized. Manufactures. — Franklin township, steam flouring mill, two water-power flouring mills, combined capital $11,800. Straight creek township, water-power grist mill, capital $2,500. Cedar township, steam saw mill, capital $500. Jefierson township, steam saw mill, capital $1,000. Soldier township, steam saw and flouring mill, capital $1,000. Banks. — Farmers' Bank, at Holton; Holton Exchange Bank of Holton. Business nouses of Principal T^wn. — City of Holton: Agricultural implements and wagons, 3; books periodicals and stationery, 3; boots and shoes, 7; clothing and tailoring, 5; confectionery, 1; dry goods, 4; drugs, oils and paints, 3; furniture and upholstery, 1; groceries, 7; hardware, 5; hats and caps, 4; jewelry, watches, clocks, etc,, 1; lumber, 3; millinery, 3; queensware, 4; saddles and harness, 3; sewing machines, 3; butchers, 2; stoves and tinware, 3; photograph, 2. Newspapers.— T^x^ Recorder, published weekly, at Holton. Schools, eft!.— Organized school districts, 63; school houses, 48; value of school buildings and .-^rounds, furniture and apparatus, $53,837. OA?/rcA«s.— Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 95, church edifices 3, valuation, $5,800. Baptist: Organizations 4, membership 301, church edifices 1, valuation $3,500. Methodist: Orgaizations 3, membership 404, church edifices 1, valuation $5,800. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 9, church edifices 1, valuation $1,000. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 340, church edifices, 1, valuation $800. Librcmes. — No report. Lands. — Unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. MisceUan-^ous. — Garden produce marketed, $1,447; poultry and eggs sold, $13,393.30; pounds of wool produced, 3,888. The prices of vacant lands range from $4 to $10 per acre. Fourth AinsruAL Report. 153 JEFFERSOlsT COUNTT. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the.United States. Square miles, 665. Population to square mile, 17.61. Pop- ulation in 1860, 4,459; in 1870, 12,526: increase in ten years, 8,067; population in 1875, 11,716: decrease in five years, 810: increase in fifteen years, 7,357. MAP OF JBFFERSON COUNTY, KANSAS, 187S. J RXVII atXVIll :rX1X 5iXX ;'^i"^ L H^U^-V I "" J i ^,' r ■ ■ POPULATION OP 18T5, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships ahd CnxEs. Pop. towhbhips and Cities. Pop. TOTTNSHIPS AND ClTIBS. Pop. Purview 568 660 1,556 681 2.021 1,406 504 697 1,941 Kaw Kentucky ' Sock Creek 858 OE^aloosa Rural 824 Sarcoxie JTativiti/.— Bom in the United States, 10,974; in Germany, 335; in Ireland, 306; in England and Wales, 126: in Scotland, 33; in Sweden, Korway and Denmark, 154 State Board of Agkicultuee. 12; in France, 12; in North of Europe, 3; in South of Europe, 41; in British Amer- ica, 72; in countries not specified, 2. Sex.— Mules, 6,124; females, 5,592. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas _ 63 Culifoi-nia 15 Colorado 10 Connecticut 14 Georgia - 2 Illinois 1,025 Indiana -- 751 Iowa 1,022 Kentucky 252 Louisiana.... 1 Maine 22 Maryland 28 Massachusetts 38 Michigan 137 Minnesota-- 39 Mississippi - 1 Missouri - 2,^1 Nebraska -- - 85 Nevada 1 New Hampshire -._ 7 New Jersey 12 New York 157 North Carolina 43 Ohio 673 Oregon 4 Pennsylvania - 366 Rhode Island 5 Tennessee- 76 Texas 40 Vermont 12 Virginia 122 West Virginia 13 Wisconsin 132 Dist, of Columbia and the Territories 13 Germany 71 Ireland - 17 England and Wales 50 Scotland - 2 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 7 France 3 Other ISTorth of Europe 1 Other South of Europe 9 British America 48 Born in Kansas, 4,088; not otherwise stated, 18. Occupation. — There are 2,827, or 80.2 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 230, or 7.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 115, or 3.9 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 227, or 7.8 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Oskaloosa, the county seat, is 22 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northeasterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 15 per cent. ; upland, 85 per cent. ; forest, 5 per cent. ; prairie, 95 per cent. Average width of bottoms from half a mile to one mile; general surface of the country, undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-half mile. Varieties: oak, hick- ory, walnut, hackberry, elm, maple, cottonwood, etc. PrineipaZ Streams.— The Delaware river flows through the county, west of I the centre, from north to south, and empties into the Kansas river at Perry; Rock creek, in the western part of the county, flows south into the Kansas river. There are also numerous smaller streams. Springs are not very abundant; good well water obtained at from 20 to 40 feet. Coal. — Three veins of coal have been discovered in several localities, at a deplh of from 5 to 20 feet. Quality, medium; used to a limited extent for local domestic purposes. Nearly 2,000 tons have been mined during the past year, and sells at $4 per ton. It is found in townships 8 and 9, of ranges 17, 18 and 19 east. Building Stone, etc. — Good building stone is found in all parts of the county. Railroad Connections. — The Kansas Pacific Railway traverses the extreme south- ern portion of the county, along the valley of the Kansas. Principal stations, PeiTy and Medina. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad runs through the western and northwestern part of the county. Principal station, Delaware Falls. The Kansas Central (narrow gauge) Railroad, starting from Leavenworth, runs through the northern part of the county, leaving it at the northwest corner. Stations, Winchester and Valley Falls. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 425,600; taxable acres, 351,758; under cultivation, 139,924.19; cultivated to taxable acres, 39.77 per cent. : increase of cultivated acres during the year, 20,734.19. Fourth Annual Report. 155 ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bn. Rye _ '- bu. Spring Wheat bn. Corn bn. Barley '. bn. Oats , _.-bn. Bnckwheat btL Potatoes, Irish bn. Sweet Potatoes _ bn. Sorghum _ __ gall. Castor Beans bn. Cotton fts. Flax ..bn. Hemp tta. Tobacco .lbs. Broom i. cm »?__ .lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy _ -tons Clover tons Prairie _ tons H gn {H s ."^ « < < p.. s S>(i, 6,211.70 18.00 111,811 $ .98 $109,374.78 4M.60 16.00 7,437 .60 4,462.20 80.75 10.00 807 .77 621.39 7.8,837.40 42.00 3,101,171 .25 775,292.75 807.73 24.00 4,986 1.23 S,182.78 7,742.00 36.00 270,970 .27 73,161.90 1,683.25 21.00 36,348 .90 31,813.20 1,724.35 90.00 155,191 .36 64,316.85 60.36 140.00 7.050 1.12M 7,931.25 434.24 110.00 47,766 .55 26,271.30 107.50 16.00 1,720 1.10 1,892.00 1.36 76.00 102 .08 8.16 101.38 10.00 1,014 1.05 1,064.70 8.50 700.00 5,975 .66 3,883.75 9.87 650.00 6,415 .08 513.20 61.00 750.00 45,750 .07 3,202.50 6,348.60 2.50 15,871 4.60 71,419.50 867.50 1.00 867 6.00 5,202.00 275.00 3.00 825 6.00 4,950.00 23,472.50 1.50 35,209 3.25 114,429.25 Large Yields. — Statement of J. N. Insley, of Oskaloosa; MiUtt: On the 20th of April I sowed ten acres of millet, on ground which I had plowed the previous fall. Threshed one stack of this millet, the product of four acres, which yielded 133 bushels of excellent seed. This ground was upland prairie, and had produced six consecutive crops previously. No fertilizer had ever been applied. Squashes: I had a few vines of the " Mammoth White Squash" near my barn. By a free use of air-slaked lime I succeeded in saving six hills from the grasshop- pers. They were considerably injured, but commenced to grow after the grass- hoppers left. I applied manure liberally, and left them to the rain for cultivation. I now have in my cellar over 4,000 pounds of squashes from those six hills. They will weigh from 50 to 150 pounds each. Beets: I planted mangel wurzels on the 10th day of June, and harvested them on the 5th of November. They averaged over 800 bushels per acre. Corn: My com, planted on the 16th of June, matured very well, and will aver- age 50 bushels per acre. This is all upland, and has been in cultivation six years. I plowed the ground deep, and went through the corn four times with a cultivator. The best corn on my place was planted on the 19th of June. This is the yellow, ten-rowed variety. It grows faster and ripens earlier than any corn I have ever raised. Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 6,750 lbs.; in 1875, 3,487 lbs.: de- crease, 4,263 lbs. Butter manufactui-ed in 1870, 261,161 lbs.; in 1875, 245,065 lbs.: increase, 16,096 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 6,313; in 1875, 6,068: decrease, 245; Mules and asses, in 1870, 654; in 1875, 883: increase, 339. Cattle, in 1870, 19,848; in 1875, 19,345: decrease, 503. Sheep, in 1870, 4,072; in 1875, 1,550: decrease, 2,522. Swine, in 1870, 10,011; in 1875, 9,217: decrease, 794. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,765; number of sheep killed by dogs, 347; value of sheep killed by dogs, $808.51. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 113; value of sheep killed by wolves, $263.29. Horticvlture. — Acres of nurseries, 66; orchards, 3,008.34; vineyards, 79..'j3. Apiactdture. — Number of stands of bees, 555; pounds of honey, 3,935; wax, 205. i^ferace*.— Stone, 36,318 rods; cost, $81,715.60. Rail, 351,787 rods; cost, $430,939.07. Board, 171,193 rods; cost, $235,388. Wire, 55,900 rods; cost, $41,720. Hedge, 146,476 rods; cost, $73,238. Total rods of fence, 761,673; total cost, $866,000.57. 156 State Board of Agriculture. Herd Law. — No herd law iu this county, and a correspondent says the effect "would be bad." Water Power's. — Th^re are good powers on the Delaware, several of which have been improved. Jlfa«M/acter««.— Union township, two steam sawmills, capital $2,000. City of Valley Falls, three water power grist mills and a woolen factory, combined capi- tal $46,0^0. Osawkie township, water power grist mill, capital $6,000. Kentucky township, water-power grist and saw mill, capital $2,000. Rural township, one steam saw mill, one steam grist mill. Medina, one cheese factory. Boyle's sta- tion, one cheese factory. Winchester, one steam saw mill. Delaware township, one cheese factory, one woolen mill, two flouring mills, one wagon and carriage factory ; value, $40,000. Banks. — Banking house of Hicks, Gephart & Co., and Valley Bank and Savings Institution, both of Valley Palls; banking house of Henry Taylor and F. M. John- son & Co., Oskaloosa. The aggregate capital being $92,245. Newspapers. — The New Era, at Valley Falls; tla.e Independent and Sickle and Sheaf, Oskaloosa; all published weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 89; school houses, 89; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $128,529; parochial school, under the charge of the Catholic church, at Valley Falls, and one at Newman. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 5, membership 175, church edifices 2, valuation $5,§00. Congregational; Organizations 1, membership 53, church edi- fices 1, valuation $4,500. Baptist: Organizations 5, membership 206, church edi- fices 1, valuation $2,000. United Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $1,000. Methodist: Organizations 19, membership 693, church edifices 3, valuation $9,600. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 7, church edifices 1, valuation $3,500. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 600, church edifices 3, valuation $2,500. Lutheran: Organizations 1, membership 40, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Libra/ries. — In the five townships reported there is one public library, with 300 volumes, and 45 private, with 5,950 volumes. Lands. — There are no unsold lands in this county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $2,535; poultry and eggs sold, $9,370.75; pounds of wool produced, 4,587. TFog'es.— Farm laborers, per month, with board, $10 to $16; carpenters, per day, $2 to $3; house painters, $2 to $3; wagon makers, $2 to $3; blacksmiths, $2 to $3; shoemakers, $2 to $3; harness makers, $2 to $3; printers, per 1,000 ems, 35 cents; clerks, per month, $20 to $50; tinners, $2 to $3. The prices of vacant land range from $2 to $8 per acre. JEWELL COUNTY. Organized in 1870. Named in honor of Lewis R. Jewell, Lieutenant Colonel Sixth Kansas Cavalry, who died of wounds received in battle at Cane Hill, Ar- kansas, November 28, 1862. Square miles, 900; population to square mile, 8.50. Population in 1870, 207; population in 1875, 7,651: increase in five years, 7,444. ii^OTJETH AWNtTAIi RePOET. 157 ■RX MAP OF JEWELL COUNTY, KAJSTSAS, 1875. BIX JiVIII R.VLL Govemjnent LaudB POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TOTrasHIPS AND Cities. Pop. tottwships and Cities. Pop. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. AllBTl 257 688 234 286 219 282 310 288 Athens 408 386- 368 318 808 308 332 381 Browns Creek 368 BTiflalo Burr Oak Centre Harrison .. Ionia » -- 427 EBbon 345 Highland Holmwood 398 Jackson Prairie 360 MoTitmia Eichland 266 St. Clair 225 Walnut White Mound ! 158 State Board of Agricultttee. Nativity. — Born in the United States, 7,012; in Germany, 117; in Ireland, 85; in England and Wales, 96; in Scotland, 16; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 130; in France, 4; in North, of Europe, 46; in South of Europe, 10; in British America . 127; in countries not specified, 8. /Sfes.— Males, 4,125; females, 3,526. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. California Colorado Delaware IlUnois 29 2 6 1,222 305 2,574 49 9 - 4 10 196 92 658 Nebraska _ 571 Nevada 15 New Hampshire --. 11 Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 336 9 1 New York 93 England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark Italy Other South of Europe British America in Iowa North Carolina . . 31 1 Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Ohio 205 Pennsylvania 72 Tennessee 22 Texas 7 Vermont 7 Virginia 25 • West Virginia 24 16 "'"3 Born in Kansas, 940; not otherwise stated, 49. Occupation. — There are 1,826, or 91.7 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 58, or 3.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 23, or l.lper cent., in Trade and Transportation; 83, or 4.1 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. Cmmty Seat. — Jewell Centre, the county seat, is 144 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northwesterly direction. Face of tJie Country. — ^Bottom lands, 16 per cent.; upland, 84 per cent. ; forest, 3 per cent.; prairie, 97 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one half-mile; gen- eral surface of the country, undulating. Timber. — Width of timber belts on White Eock, 80 rods; Limestone, 60 rods; other streams, 10 to 40 rods — average perhaps 40 rods. Varieties: oak, elm, cedar, hackberry, cottonwood, walnut, box elder, ash. Principal Streams. — ^Republican river touches the northeast corner of the county, runs east along the northern boundary about ten miles. White Rock creek runs east, intersectingthenorth half of the county; its tributaries are, on the south, Johns, Big Timber, Porcupine and Smith creeks, course north; on the north, Montana, Walnut and Burr Oak, course southeast. Buffalo creek flows through the south- eastern portion of the county, course east, and empties into the Republican. Lime- stone, in the southwest part of the county, runs south and empties into the Solomon. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water reached at a depth of from 6 to 100 feet; average about 25 feet. Coal. — T. B. Carpenter, Secretary of the Jewell County Agricultural Society, states, that no coal has yet been found in the county in paying quantity. Prof. Mudge says that surface coal, of a poor quality of lignite, in a vein of from 15 to 20 inches in thickness, is found in the southeast corner of the county. It is used only locally. Building Stone, etc. — Magnesian limestone extends over the north and north- west portions of the county. Sandstone is found in the extreme south. There is a salt marsh in the southeast corner of the county undeveloped . Bait/road Connectiona. — No railroads have yet been constructed in the county. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 576,000; taxable acres, 76,216; under cultivation, 71,203.95; taxable acres, 93.37 per cent.; increase of cultivated acres during the year, 13,171.95. FOTJETH AkNTJAI. RePOET 159 ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat Rye Spring Wheat Cora Barley Oats Buckwheat Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorghum Castor Beans ._- Cotton Flax Hemp ■Tobacco Broom Corn Millet and Hungarian . Timothy Clover Prairie -bu, -bu. ...bu, ..bu, —bu, ...bn. ..bu ,..bu. ...bu, .gall. ...bu, .-B)8, ...bu. ..Bis. -tons .tons ..tons .tons 3,529. %S 4,350.05 19,135.25 26,339.50 1,660.25 4,TO9.25 21.25 575.57 11.16 457.64 13.25 337.12 2.24 40.75 577.67 20.25 4.25 738.00 -< J '1^ 17.00 18.00 14.00 40.00 22.00 25.00 12.00 95.00 135.00 115.00 14.00 9.00 500.00 740.00 2.25 1.00 a 00 1.50 69,997 78,301 267,758 1,053,580 36,525 117,731 255 54,679 1,507 52,629 185 3,034 1,120 30,155 1,300 20 8 1,107 £ $ .65 .45 .40 .20 1.15 .20 .80 .20 .90 .40 1.00 .85 .06 .05 4.00 7.00 6.50 3.00 $ 33,998.05 57,235.45 107,101.20 210,716.00 42,003.75 23,546.20 204.00 10,935.80 1,356.30 21,051.60 185.00 2,578.90 67.20 1,507.75 5,300.00 140.00 52.00 3,321.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 3,392 lbs. Butter manufac- tured in 1875, 110,808 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1875, 2,797. Mules and asses, in 1875, 471. Cattle, in 1875, 6,203. Sheep, in 1875, 572. Swine, in 1875, 5,010. Bogs. — Numberof dogs in the county, 1,198; number of sheep killed by dogs, 6; value of sheep killed by dogs, $13.98. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 3; value of sheep killed by wolves, $6.99. Sorticulture.—A.cies of nurseries, 14.75; orchards, 130.87; vineyards, 2.50. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 2. , i?'67ices.— Stone, 451 rods; cost, $902. Eail, 26,621 rods; cost, $38,600.45. Board, 2,319 rods; cost, $3,346.60. Wire, 3,900 rods; cost $3,030. Hedge, 6,844 rods, cost, $3,935.30. Total rods of fence, 39,135; total cost, $48,714.35. Water Powers. — There are no water powers. Manufactures. — White Mound township, one steam saw mill. Banks. — None in the county. Business Houses of Principal Town. — Township of Buffalo: boots and shoes, 1; confectionery and bakery, 1; drugs, oils and paints, 3; furniture and upholstery, 1; groceries, 1; hardware and agricultural implements, 1; hats and caps, 1; jewelry, clocks and watches, 1; music and musical instruments, 2-, general country store, 2. Newspapers. — The Jewell City Diamond, published weekly, at Jewell City, and the Monitor, published weekly, at Jewell Centre. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 118; school houses, 44; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $26,259. Churches. — Presbyterian : Organizations 1, membership, 14. Baptist: Organ- izations 3, membership 157. United Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 25. Methodist: Organizations 13, membership 240, church edifices 1, valuation $800. Catholic: Organizations 2, membership 150. Libraries. — No returns. Lands. — ^Unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $175.32 ; poultry and eggs sold, $1,444.35; pounds of wool produced, 785. The price of vacant lands range from $1.35 to $8 per acre. 160 State Boaed op Ageicitltttee. JOHNSON COUXTT. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Thomas Johnson, who, in 1829, estab- lished a Methodist mission among the Shawnee Indians, within the limits of the county, where he continued to reside till the opening of the Territory to settlement. He became a member and was chosen President of the upper branch of the first Ter- ritorial Legislature, 1855, which adjourned from Pawnee, where it was convened by Gov. Reader, to Mr. Johnson's mission, where the session was held, and thefirst Kansas laws were enacted. Square miles, 480; population to square mile, 30.37. Population in 1860, 4,364; in 1870, 13,684: increase in ten years, 9,320; population in 1875, 14,580: increase in five years, 896: increase in fifteen years, 10,216. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. tottnships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Aabry 1,158 1,017 2,146 1,187 Gardner 991 1,200 1,939 Lexington 1,638 1 347 McCamish Olathe .. .. Cityof Olathe Oxford 1,957 Spring Hill ]ffaiimty.—BoTn in the United States, 18,455; in Germany, 350; in Ireland, 292; in England and. Wales, 159; in Scotland, 42; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 54; in France, 9; inNorthof Europe, 16; inSouthof Europe, 86; in British America, 90; in countries not specified, 27. ^'^''«'KXXIII KXXIV 2tXXV Bailroad Connections. — The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad runs through the county from northeast to southwest. The Missouri Eiver, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad occupies the same track to Olathe; thence extends directly south through the county. The St. Louis, Lawrence & Denver Railroad (Pleasant Hill road) enters the county at its northwest corner and extends sontheastwardly through the county. The Kansas Midland Railroad (Topeka & Kansas City) uses for the present the track of the Pleasant Hill road to De Soto, thence to Kansas city. AgrievUwral Statistics. — Acres in the county, 307,200; taxable acres, 259,749-, under cultivation, 145,664.49; cultivated to taxable acres, 56.79 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 16,393.49 11 162 State Board of Agriculture. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat Rye Spring Wheat Corn _ Barley Oats -. Buckwheat Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorghum Castor Beans Cotton Flax Hemp Tobacco Broom Corn Millet and Hungarian. Timothy Clover _ Prairie .-1)U. .-.1)U. ,-.bu. ..bu. .-bu. ..bu. ...bu. ...bu. ...bu. • gall. ...bu. . .fts. ..bu. -.Bs.' ..lbs. -tons .tons .tons .tons 2,959.60 350.09 75.50 81,845.00 8.00 1,021.60 1,409.00 1,764.58 74.00 464.27 1,157.50 45.50 l,la7.23 52.00 8.50 680.87 1,561.00 4,399.75 738.60 1Q..377.50 5 o 18.00 20.00 12.00 44.00 30.00 40.00 20.00 128.00 150.00 120.00 18,00 100.00 12.00 700.00 650.00 800.00 2.75 1.25 2.50 2.00 D O « Ah 53,273 7,002 9:iO 5,601,180 240 400,864 28,180 225,866 11,100 55,713 20,8.35 4,550 13,647 36,400 5,525 644,696 4,393 5,500 1,844 38,755 A< $ 1.05 65 .70 .25 1.23 .37 .85 .27 .85 .50 1.12 .10 1.17 68 .08 .05 6.00 8.50 6.50 3.25 o5 $ 65,936.56 4,551.30 651.00 900,295.00 295.20 108,233.28 23,953.00 60,983.83 9,435.00 27,866.00 23,335.20 45.-). 00 15,966.99 24,752 00 442.00 27,234.80 25,758 00 46,750.00 11,999.00 125,953.75 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 34,850 lbs.; in 1875, 15,925 lbs.: decrease, 8,935 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 319,358 lbs.; in 1875, 190,639 lbs.: decrease, 28,739 lbs. Farm Animals.— 'Sumher of horses, in 1870, 4,798; in 1875, 6,161: increase 1,363. Mules and asses, in 1870, 681; in 1875, 955: increase, 374. Cattle, in 1870, 11,319; in 1875, 15,786: inarease, 4,567. Sbeep, in 1870, 3,691; in 1875, 1,302: decrease, 2,489. Swine, in 1870, 10,343; in 1875, 14,111: increase, 3,769. Bogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 3,000; number of sheep killed by dogs, 183; value of sheep killed by dogs, $436.39. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 34; value of sheep killed by wolves, $79.32. Sorticuliure. — Acres of nurseries, 45; orchards, 3,693.43; vineyards; 113.44. Apiaaidture. — Number of stands of bees, 637; pounds of honey, 1,312; wax, 21. Fetioes.-Qtone, 17,624 rods; cost, $44,060. Eail, 308,611 rods; cost, $447,485.95. Board, 104,559 rods; cost, $148,996.57. Wire, 43,000 rods; cost, $34,400. Hedge, 334,593 rods; cost, $167,396. Total rods of fence, 808,386; total cost, $842,238.53. Herd Law. — In this county they have had a night herd law in operation for about fifteen years, and a correspondent says: "It has a good effect upon the prosperity of the county." Water Powms. — There are no water powers reported from the county, Manufaoturea. — Spring Hill, steam grist mUl, capital $30,000. Olathe, steam grist mill, capital $30,000. De Soto, steam grist mill, capital $8,000. McCamish town- ship, steam grist mill, capital $8,000; cheese factory. Olathe, one cigar manufac- tory. Shawnee, saw and grist mill. MonticeUo, saw and grist mill. Olathe, steam spring-bed factory. Banks.— people's Savings Bank, of Olathe. The location and names of the other two banks in the county have not been furnished. The aggregate capital employed in the banks is $35,892. Newspapers. — The Mi/rror and News Letter, and Progress, both published weekly, at Olathe. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 90; school houses, 80; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $65,851. Three parochial schools under the auspices of the Catholic church — one at Shawnee, one at Aubrey and one at Edgarton. Fourth Annual Eepoet. 163 Churches. — Presbyterian; Organizations 6, membership 290, church edifices 6, valuation $14,500. Congregational: Organization!, membership 48, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Baptist: Organizations 4, membership 208, church edifices 1, valuation $3,200. United Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 140, church edifices 3, valuation $5,000. Methodist: Organizations 5, membership 963, church edifices 5, valuation $17,000. Episcopal: Membership 9. Catholic: Organizations 5, membership 860, church edifices 5, valuation $3,000. Universalist: Organiza- tions 1, membership 17. Libraries. — Five public libraries with 770 volumes, and 87 private, with 5,193 volumes, are reports only of five towiiships of the ten in the county. Lands. — There are no unsold lands in the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $1,402; poultry and eggs sold, 17,673.00 ; pounds of wool produced, 3,487. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $18 to $35; laborers in cities or on public improvements, $1 to $1.50 per day; carpenters, $3 to $3.50; bricklayers and stonemasons, $3 to $3.50; house painters, $3 to $4; wagon makers, $3 to $5; black- smiths, $3 to $5; shoemakers, $3.50 to $3; harness makers, $3.50 to $3; tailors, $3.50 to $3; printers, $1 to $2.50 per day, per 1,000 ems, 35 to 40 cents; clerks, $20 to $50 per month; tinners, $3.50 to $4 per day. The price of vacant lands range from $3.50 to $13 per acre. LABETTE COUNTY. Organized in 1867. Named for the river Labette, a tributary of the Neosho, traversing the county. The name Labette is of French origin, and signifies ".the beet." Square miles, 649; population to square mile, 23.44. Population in 1870, 9,973; population in 1875, 14,571: increase in five years, 4,598. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships asd CiTLBS. Pop. towitbhips ajji) Cities. Pop. Townships ask Cities. Pop. 318 877 752 366 902 778 641 Elm Grove 584 602 760 563 511 1,068 Fairvlew 583 Labette 358 Liberty 809 Mount Pleasant Neosho -- Parsons.- 2,120 1,318 967 North Chetopa City Kichiand Walton Nativity. — Born in the United States, 13,630; in Germany, 217; in Ireland, 331; in England and Wales, 151; in Scotland, 55; in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 69; in France, 26; in North of Europe, 6; in Italy, 8; in South of Europe, 39; in British America, 150; in countries not specified, 5. Seas— Males, 7,735; females, 6,836. 164 State Board of Agriculture. MAP OF IAT5ET"^B COUNTY. KANSAS, 1875. TtX VII ar X V 1 1 1 K,XLX , R X X JlXXI L.L.& G.B.£.Lande RAND, AlCNALLY A CO.,£Na'S,CIllCAOO; Government Lands WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware "1 246 24 15 8 1 3 14 3,774 1,605 1,402 422 3 3 2 21 Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada 159 65 8 2,211 52 2 12 Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. ot Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Italy Other South of Europe.. British America 69 31 143 132 68 23 Georgia IllJnoia Indiana Iowa- Kentucky Louisiana Maine . 22 New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee 200 13 619 6 142 . .. 118 8. 26 8 1 1 63 Maryland Mass.ichusetts Texas "Vermont 1S9 24 Fourth Annual Report. 165 Born in Kansas, 2,512; not otherwise stated, 27. Occupation. — There are 2,327, or 64 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 578, or 15.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 340, or 9.3 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 386, or 10.6 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Oswego, the county seat, is 131 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southerly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom lands, 30 per cent. ; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 10 per cent. ; prairie, 90 per cent. Average width of bottoms — the Neosho one mile, others one-half mile; in the eastern and northeastern parts the surface is rocky and bluffy, south and west undulating, and the bottom between the Neosho and Labette level. Timber. — Average width of timber belts — along the Neosho two miles, other streams from one-half to one mile. Varieties: black walnut, hickory, pecan, hack- l)erry, sycamore, red and white elm, red, burr, barren and Spanish oak, mulberry, willow, Cottonwood, maple. Principal Streams. — Neosho river, running from north to south along the east line of the county. Labette river, runs from the northern central portion of the county in a southeasterly direction, and unites with the Neosho three miles north of the south line of the county. Hackberry creek, runs from west to east and empties into the Labette. Deer and Pumpkin creeks, run southeast and empty into the Hackberry. Turkey creek, runs northeast, joining the Labette. Snow creek, run- ning southwest, empties into the Verdigris. There are but few springs in the ■county; well water is reached at a depth of from 20 to 40 feet. Cval. — Coal has been discovered in two townships, underlying about 75 per cent, of the area of those townships. Thickness, from 10 to 24 inches; depth below sur- face, 2 to 13 feet; quality, hard, black and yellow — no rock or sulphur; used for -domestic and local manufacturing purposes, and large quantities shipped north. J. M. Cavaness, of Chetopa, locates this coal in township 34, range 21 east, and states that about 1,300 tons have been mined during the past year. It is bituminous ■coal, and sells for |3 per ton. building Stone, etc. — An abundance of lime and sandstone of good quality is iound near and south of Oswego; pottery clay is found to a small extent along the Labette river; also soma gypsum. Railroad Connections. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad enters the county from the northeast and northwest, uniting at Parsons, whence it runs in a south- easterly direction, leaving the county near its southeast corner; the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad crosses the northwestern corner of the county. Principal stations on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas: Parsons, Labette, Oswego and Chetopa Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 415,360; taxable acres, 401,918; under cultivation, 139,688.14; cultivated to taxable acres, 34.75 percent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 36,167.14. 166 State Board -^f Ageicitltuee. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIEIJJS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. 2 a H < K Winter Wheat Rye Spring Wheat,. Corn Barley Oata --- Buckwheat Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorghum Castor Beans-- Cotton Flax Hemp --, Tobacco .- Broom Corn, Millet and Hungarian . Timothy Clover Prairie ..hu. ...bu, ..bu ...bu ,.,bu, .,bu. ..bu, ..bu. ...bu, -gall, ,.,bu, ..as, ..bu, ..Tba L,B8, ..lbs, .tons .tons .tons .tons 88,075.75 313.50 12.50 44,490.50 3.00 6,391.75 5.50 1,109.85 99.98 905.95 1,564.75 101.49 2,036.85 5.50 12.62 95.75 1,215.. 50 266.50 63.50 10,055.00 20.00 23.00 12.00 42.00 30.00 88.00 20.00 125.00 155,00 126.00 12.00 200.00 10.00 750.00 700.00 825.00 3.25 1.25 2.50 1.50 761,515 7,210 150 1,868,601 90 242,886 110 138,731 15,497 113,244 18,777 20,298 20,362 4,125 8,834 78,994 3,960 333 159 15,082 $ .95 .60 .75 .20 1.20 .20 1.12 .40 .76 •42y, 1.00 .10 1.20 .65 ■07'/j .05 4.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 $723,489.25 4,326.00 112.50 373,720.80 108.00 48,577.20 123.20 56.492.40 11,622.75 48,128.70 18,777.00 2,029.80 24,434.40 2,681.25 662.55 3,949.70 15,800.00 1,998.00 954.00 60,328.00 A "Wheat Chop. — Statement of Mr. Eoberta, of Oswego: I raised this year 113 acres of winter wheat, which averaged a little over 33 buph- els to the acre, after a loss of at least two bushels to the acre from a wet hai-vest. I had four varieties of wheat: one-half the crop being of the "Golden Straw Med- iterranean" variety, and the remainder being in about equal parts "Tappahaa- nock," "Walker" and "White Walker." The first yielded 33 bushels per acre, the second and third 20 bushels, and the fourth 16 bushels. Commenced harvest- ing the middle of June. The Mediterranean is two weeks earlier than the other varieties, so I have two weeks to harvest in, having no over-ripe wheat. My land is upland prairie; soil, what ia called ashy land. Half the land has been in culti- vation six years, the balance from one to five years, just as we get the sod plowed. We put corn on the sod, then oats the next spring, then wheat in the fall; then wheat every year thereafter, never changing the crop. The olU ground produces as much as the new, but, not ripening so quick, gives the chinch bugs a better chance; that is all the difference I can see. I plowed for this crop as soon as I could after harvest, and commenced sowing on the 8th of October; should have commenced by the middle of September, but was delayed by the grasshoppers. Commenced to harrow two days in advance, then followed with a roller, then drilled in the wheat, putting in about ten acres a day. I kept no account of t^e cost of this crop. Oats: I had this year 18 acres of oats, which yielded 75 bushels per acre, after a loss of a considerable amount from storms. Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 100 lbs.; in 1875, 9,840 lbs.: increase, 9,740 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 69,318 lbs. ; in 1875, 316,804 lbs.: increase, 147,586 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1870, 3,644; in 1875, 4,733: increase, 3,078. Mules and asses in 1870, 451; in 1875, 603: increase, 153. Cattle in 1870, 9,941; in 1875, 13,807: increase, 3,866. Sheep in 1870, 3,910; in 1875, 1,188: decrease, 1,723. Swine in 1870, 3,540; in 1875, 7,454: increase, 4,914. Dogs. — Kumber of dogs in the county, 1,863; number of sheep killed by dogs, 65; value of sheep killed by dogs, $151.45. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 44; value of sheep killed by wolves, $103.50. Horticiiltiire. — Acres of nurseries, 127.50 ; orchards, 4,330.50; vineyards, 93.84. Apiaeulture. — Number of stands of bees, 146; pounds of honey, 894; wax, 4. Fences.— Qtone, 4,593 rods; cost, $11,480. Bail, 257,884 rods; cost, $354,590.50. Board, 35,533 rods; cost, $39,361.80. Wire, 38,700 rods; cost, $30,090. Hedge,. 341,430 rods; cost $170,710. Total rods of fence, 658,128; total cost, $586,233.30. B. Clarke. Architect, CHBTOPA PUBLIC SCHOOL. 312j^ '^''esnat st. .■?.'. L-' 1*^8 State Board of Ageioxtlture. I'erd Law. — The herd law has been in operation throughout this county since 1874. A correspondent writes, that it " prevents stock, such as cattle, being diseased by Spanish fever; causes less damage to be done to cultivated crops; enables farmers to keep better breeds of stock." Water Powers. — The Neosho furnishes good power. At Oswego, where the river makes a " horse-shoe bend," there is a sufficient fall for extensive manufacturing facilities. A survey has been made and published. A race of a mile in length would insure a fall of nine feet. Manufactures. — Oswego township, steam flouring mill, capital $11,000; broom factory, capital |3,000: cabinet factory, capital $2,800; brick manufactory, capital $2,000; cheese factory. Richland township, steam furniture factory, capital $3,000; steam flouring mill, capital $7,000; steam flouring mill, capital $5,000. Neosho township, steam saw mill. Liberty township, steam flouring mill. City of Oswe- go, one brewery. City of Parsons, foundry and machine shop; pottery and drain tile factory; steam furniture factory; one brewery. Montana township, flour mill; saw mill. Chetopa, steam foundry. Banks .—Fust National Bank of Parsons; Parsons Savings Bank. Private bank- ing houses: Brockway & Draper, Oswego; Hobert & Longwell, Oswego. The total capital of the three last-named banks is $73,433. Business Houses of Principal Towns. — City of Parsons : Agricultural implements and wagons, 1; books, periodicals and stationery, 1; boots and shoes, 8; clothirg and tailoring, 3; confectionery, 3; dry goods, 6; drugs, oils and paints, 4; furni- ture and upholstery, 2; groceries, 8; gunsmiths, 1; hardware, 2; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 3; lumber, 2, millinery, 3; queensware, 4; saddles and harness, 2; sewing machines, 1; bakeries, 2; tobacconist, 1. Oswego City: Agricultural im- plements and wagons, 5; books, periodicals and stationery, 4; boots and shoes, 3. clothing and tailoring, 1; dry goods, 4; drugs, oils and paints, 7; furniture and upholstery, 2; groceries, 4; gunsmiths, 1; hardware, 2; hats and caps, 1; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 2; lumber, 1; music and musical instruments, 1; millinery, 4; queensware, 2; saddles and harness, 2; sewing machines, 1. City of Chetopa; Agricultural implements and wagons, 2; agricultural implements and wagons made and sold by blacksmiths, 3; foundry and machine shops, agricultural imple- ments, 1; books, periodicals and stationery, 1; boots and shoes, 2; clothing and tailoring, 2; dry goods, 2; drugs, oils and paints, 4; groceries, 6; gunsmiths 1; hardware, 2; hats and caps, 2; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 1; lumber, 2; millinery, 2; general country store, 1; queensware, 6; saddles and harness, 3; hides, furs and wool, 1; pork packing, 1; ice, 1; wholesale liquors, 1; cattle feed- ing, 1; merchant mills,- 2. Newspapers. — The following weekly papers are published : The Advance and Eerald, at Chetopa, the Independent, at Oswego, the Sun and Eclipse, at Parsons. Sclwols, etc. — Organized school districts, 95; school houses, 86; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $118,270. Ghurcles. — Presbyterian: Organizations 7, membership 286, church edifices 3, valuation $12,500. Congregational : Oryanizations 2, membership 18, church udiflci s 2, valuation $7,000. Baptist: Organizations 7, membership 280, church edifices 3, valuation $5,500. United Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $10,000. Methodist: Organizations 26, membership 853, church edifices 5, parsonages 3, valuation $12,100. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 16, church edifices 1, valuation $5,000. Catholic: Organizations 1, mem ■ bership 300, church edifices 1, valuation. Fourth Annual Report. 169 Libraries. — Of the sixteen townships, seven send reports, showing 1 public and 116 private libraries, aggregating 13,230 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $3,378.30; poultry and eggs sold, $6,698.35; pounds of wool produced, 3,264. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $18 to $20; laborers in cities or on public improvements, $1 to $1.50 per day; carpenters, $2 per day; bricklayers and stonemasons, $2.75; house painters, $3; wagon makers, $2; blacksmiths, $2.50; shoemakers, $2; harness makers, $2; tailors, $2; printers, $2; clerks, $50 per month; tinners, $2 per day. The price of vacant lands range from $1.25 to $6 per acre. LEAVENWORTH COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Took its name from the prominent military post situated "within its limits, and which was established in the year 1827, and named in honor of Gen. Leavenworth, of the U. S. Army, who selected its site. It was at the time the most extreme frontier outpost. Square miles, 455; population to square mile. €0.87. Population in 1860, 12,606; in 1870, 32,444: increase in ten years, 19,838. population m 1875, 27,698: decrease in five years, 4,746: increase in fifteen years, 15,092. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TotTHSHIPS AHD ClTIBS. Pop. TOWNSHTPS AMD CiTIBS. Pop. Townships ahb Cities. Pop. Xeavenworth CSty 15,136 1,128 1,994 1,106 Alexandria 1,1SS 875 812 1,609 Delaware 1 595 1,318 973 Kickapoo Stranger Tonganoxie Natinty. — Bom in the United States, 22,885; in Germany, 1,973; in Ireland, 1,557; in England and "Wales, 519; in Scotland, 37; in Sweden, Norway and Den- mark, 74; in France, 133; in North of Europe, 71; in Italy, 17; in South of Jlurope, 37; in British America, 206; in countries not specified, 18. fifee.— Males, 13,819; females, 13,789. WHERE PROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 63 ....; 276 67 25 113 4 17 66 1,496 1,114 950 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada - — . 87 61 6,344 .... 180 2 24 Virginia W^RBt Virginia 177 California Colorado Connecticut Wisconsin Diet, of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland.. England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe... Italy Other South of Europe. .. 427 180 SSI Tlorida .. - . New Jersey 50 377 Georgia Illinois New York... 933 197 North Carolina . . 21 3 Indiana Iowa — , Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island .... 1,342 8 .... 842 59 49 Kentucky Trf>nin^Tia 563 82 44 129 162 255 49 29 Maine South Tarolina 15 1? Maryland Tennessee Texas Vermont .... 159 .... 104 .... 28 20 MinhTgan 170 State Board op Agricflttjee. Born in Kansas, 9,435; not otherwise stated, 254. Occupation. — There are 2,830, or 40.3 per cent, engaged in Agriculture; 1,663, or 23.7 per cent, in Professional and Personal service; 919, or 13.1 per cent, in Trade and Transportation; 1,599, or 22.8 per cent, in Manufactures and Mining. RXX MAP OF LEAVENWOETH COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. .ooiS;T\ T^ ,^ VWeston County Seat — Leavenworth, the county seat, is 43 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northeasterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 30 per cent. ; upland, 80 per cent. ; forest, 10 per cent.; prairie, 90 per cent. Average width of bottoms, from one to one and a half miles; general surface of the country, undulating; near the Missouri river, bluffy. Fourth Awnttal Report. 171 Timber. — Average -width of timtier belts, from one to one and a half miles. Varieties: wMte oak, walnut, burr oak, cottonwood, hickory, hackberry, etc. Principal Streams. — The Missouri river skirts the northeast corner of the county, flowing in a southeasterly direction The Kansas river, flowing east, bounds the county on the south. Big Stranger flows south into the Kansas river; Little Stranger south'west into Big Stranger. Nine-mile creek flows east. There are numerous smaller streams. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water is obtained at a depth of from 15 to 35 feet. Coal. — Coal underlies about 7 per cent, of the area of the county. Thickness, 88 inches; depth below surface, 50 to 700 feet; quality, good; used almost exclusively for local, domestic, and manufacturing purposes. At Leavenworth City a shaft has been sunk to the depth of 710 feet and a 30-inch vein is being mined. Dr. TiflBn Sinks states that 30,000 tons have been mined during the past year. It is sold for $3.50 per ton. It is known as Leavenworth coal. Building Stone, etc. — The whole county is underlaid with good flint blue lime- stone; large quantities, of an excellent quality, are quarried at the Penitentiaxy, near Leavenworth. Railroad Connections. — The Kansas Pacific Railway crosses the county in a south- west direction from Leavenworth, joining the Kansas City line at Lawrence; stations: Stranger, Tonganoxie, Reno. The Missouri Pacific Railroad follows the south bank of the Missouri; stations: Leavenworth, Fort Leavenworth, Kickapoo. Leavenworth is one of the termini of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, which crosses the Missouri on the fine new iron bridge, and connects with the Han- nibal & St. Joseph Railroad at Cameron, Missouri. The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Blufis Railroad follows the opposite bank of the river, with a station at East Leavenworth. The Kansas Central Railroad (narrow guage) starts from Leavenworth city, and runs in a northwest direction to Valley Falls and Holton. Agricultural Statistics. — ^Acres in the county, 391,300; taxable acres, 284,376; under cultivation, 184,317.46; taxable acres, 47.34 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 17,371.46. ACREAGE, ATEBAGE YIELDS, PEODTJCT AND VALUE OE PHINCIPAL CEOPS. CROPS. 4^ £ Winter Wheat ba. Eye bu. Spring Wheat _ bn. Com bu. Barley bn. Oats - bu. Bnckwlieat bu. Potatoes, Irish _. bn. Sweet Potatoes bn. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans _ Thn. Cotton B)s. Flax ..._ bu Hemp — B)S. Tobacco -- lbs. Broom Com tts. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons 6,687.10 601.00 18.00 56,848.97 81.30 5,592.50 607.23 2,289.37 65.87 448.62 20.00 3.25 811.25 287.qo 25.50 134.75 6,267.00 2,762.00 540.00 19,395.00 18.00 16.00 11.00 42.00 28.00 35.00 20.00 100.00 160.00 110,00 14.00 75.00 10.00 700.00 675.00 745.00 2.75 1.00 8.00 1.50 10,2368 9,616 ■198 2,387,657 2,276 195,737 12,145 228,937 10,539 49,3'18 280 244 8,112 200,900 17,212 100,389 17,234 2,762 1,620 29,092 $1.05 1.25 .30 .98 .35 .80 .50 1.10 .08 1.10 .68 .09 .08 8.00 8.00 7.50 3.00 $107,486.40 6,961.92 170.28 716,297.10 2,845.00 38,721.10 11,903.10 8,097.25 8,431.20 24,674.00 308.00 19.52 8,923.20 136,612.00 1,549.08 831.12 137,812.00 22,096.00 12,150.00 87,276.00 Dairy Products.— Che%%s manufactured in 1870, 1,320 lbs.; in 1875, 33,150 lbs.: increase, 31,830 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 354,837 lbs. ; in 1875, 223,818 lbs. ; decrease, 33,019. 172 State Board of Agriculture. Farm Animals, — Number of horses, in 1870, 4,480; in 1875, 5,334: increase 854. Mules and asses, in 1870, 689; in 1875, 1,053: increase, 363. Cattle, in 1870, 13,708; in 1875, 14,931: increase, 3,223. Sheep, in 1870, 8,406; m 1875, 1,945: decrease, 1,461. Swine, in 1870, 17,435; in 1875, 10,398: decrease, 7,137. Bogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 3,071 ; number of sheep killed by dogs, 285; value of sheep killed by dogs, $664.05. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 59 ; value of sheep killed by wolves, $137.47. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 93.35; orchards, 4,004.75; vineyards, 157.66. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 1,189; pounds of honey, 7,090; wax, 475. i^fe/ice*.— Stone, 18,973 rods; cost, $42,689.25. Kail, 330,526 rods; cost, $434,696.95. Board, 216,144 rods; cost, $348,565.60. Wire, 55,500 rods; cost, $44,400. Hedge, 144,851 rods; cost, $72,425.50. Total rods of fence, 755,994; total cost, $832,777.30. Herd Law. — There is no herd law for cattle in this county. Hogs are restrained. Water Povcers. — There are a number of good powers, but very little utilized. Manufactures. — Easton township, water-power flouring mill, capital $400; steam saw mill. Stranger township, steam saw mill, capital $400. Tonganoxie township, steam cheese factory, capital $3,000, and steam flour mill. Leavenworth City, two steam saw mills, two steam flouring mills, two soap factories, nineteen cigar manu- factories, five breweries, four brick manufactories, nine cooper shops, Great Western foundry and machine shops, two furniture factories, one planing mill, two beef and pork packing houses, iron bridge factory. Alexandria township, steam grist and saw mill. Banks. — ^First National Bank, of Leavenworth, capital $100,000; banking houses of Clark & Co., Insley, Shire & Co.; German Savings^ Bank, and the Leavenworth Savings Bank — all at Leavenworth City. The four banks named, besides the First National, employ an aggregate capital of $84,956. Business Houses of Principal Town. — City of Leavenworth; Agricultural imple- ments and wagons, 3; books, periodicals and stationery, 3; boots and shoes, 6; clothing and tailpring, 11; confectionery, 3; carriage depositories, 3; dry goods, wholesale and retail, 11; drugs, oils and paints, 9; furniture, upholstery and carpets, 6; groceries, 10; gunsmiths, 3; hardware, 4; hats and caps, 2; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 4; saw mills, 2; hides and furs, 3; lumber, 4; music and musical instmments, 1; millinery, 5; merchandise (foundries), 1; queensware, 3; saddles and harness, 5; sewing machines, 3; cigar manufactories, 19; beef and pork packers, 3; stoves, tin and copper ware, 6; cooperage 9; wholesale fruit dealers, 4; brick manufactories, 4; flour mills, 3; soap factories, 2; all other mercantile pursuits not herein mentioned, 6. Sewspajpers. — The Times, daily and weekly ; the Appeal, daily evening edition ; True Banner, weekly religious ; Medical Herald, monthly ; Freie Presse (German), daily and weekly ; all published at Leavenworth City. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 74; school houses, 82; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $310,310. A State Normal School, three parochial schools (Catholic), St. Mary's Academy (Catholic), and Maple Leaf Seminary, are located at Leavenworth City; a parochial school (Catholic), at Fort Leavenworth. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 5, membership 406, church ediflces 4, valuation $38,000. Congregational; Organizations 5, membership 358, church edifices 4, valuation $61,100. Baptist: Organizations 10, membership 400, church edifices 4, valuation $70,000. United Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 1Y4 State Boaed of Agriculture. 140, church edifices 2, valuation $8,000. Methodist: Organizations 19, membership 637, chui-ch edifices 5, valuation $34,200. Episcopal: Organizations 2, membership 103, church edifices 2, valuation $30,000. Catholic: Organizations 9, membership 4,850, church, edifices 6, valuation $220,000. The following is the church return from Leavenworth City, mainly included in the aggregates for the county, given above. CHURCHES IN LEAVENWORTH. NAME. Cathedral of the Immaculste Conception St. Joseph German Catholic _ St. Paul Protestant Episcopal _ _ _ St. John Protestant Episcopal First Methodist Episcopal _ Sixth Street Methodist Episcopal Westminster Preshy terian Evangelical Lutheran (German) Evangelical Association (German) ,__ Methodist Episcopal Church (German) First Congregational _ First Cumberlan d Presbyterian _ First United Presbyterian _._ First Presbyterian _ Christian Church ___ __ Baptist Church Fifth Mission Congregational Methodist Episcopal Church Bethel Chapel.. True Congregational Mount Olivet Baptist (colored)... Second Baptist Mount Gilead (colored) Methodist Episcopal Church (colored) Jewish Synagogue Leavenworth Meeting (Friends) 1857 181)3 1872 1858 1864 1859 !8()1 I860 1856 1858 1867 1858 1857 1856 1864 1866 1R60 1874 1872 1869 1867 18.59 1866 pa a 400 fam. 100 fam. 25 261 146 170 45 120 225 ISO lis 40 .32.3 257 16 47 42 46 o o K a B H S u cs 5CH p g; 1,000 150 ' 104 90 313 100 70 80 300 110 106 240 180 122 100 200 100 ^ S <^ Bo" ^>3 1,000 400 100 370 300 150 250 650 150 320 400 100 400 510 30 c rf $172,000 30,000 14.000 6,000 30,000 24,0C0 4.000 12,000 20,000 6.000 8.000 25.000 12.000 55.000 5.O0O 25,000 600 1,400 2.000 7 000 3 000 Libraries. — In this county there are three public libraries, containing 2,7C0 volumes, and 115 private, containing 16,815 volumes. Lands. — There are no unsold lands in this county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, §27,550; poultry and eggs sold, $12,502; pounds of wool produced 4,370. Wages. — Farm laborers, with board, per month, $13 to $18. The price of vacant lands range from $7 upwards per acre. LINCOLN COUNTY. Organized in 1870. Named in honor of Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States, and author of the Emancipation Proclamation, assassinated April 14, 1865. Square miles, 720; population to square mile, 8.46. Population in 1870, 516; population in 1875, 3,493: increase in five years, 1,977. POPULATION OF 1875, BT TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. TOWNSHfPS AND CiTIBS. Pop. ToWNSmi'S AND ClllES. Tor. 274 560 237 Elkhorn 439 252 Indiana Pleasant .. ,_ Salt Creek 300 Valley Fourth ANTsruAii Report, 1175 XatiDity. — ^Bornin the United States, 3,158; in Germany, 77; in Ireland, 71; in England and Wales, 43; in Scotland; 16; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 89; in France, 3; in North of Europe, 8; in South of Europe, 10; in British America, 30. &.!■— Males, 1,363; females, 1,130. MAP OF LINCOLN COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. K.X js.\X rVIII RVII R VI I E P.E.E.Land8 il WHERE FEOM TO KANSAS. RAND. MCNALCY A CU.,ENG's,CaiCAGO. Government lanQs Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois 8 9 11 4 37 310 286 431 26 1 MassaoIinsettB Michigan ___ Minnesota Missouri Nebraska 24 70 17 250 69 14 Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway, Denmark South of Europe 43 47 52 20 15 Indiana New York ,.... 60 6 6 H Kentucky Louisiana - . Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas ...... 81 54 3 8 2 96 Miine 1 RR >; TWnrylnTirt British America ?, Born in Kansas, 433. Occupatum. — There are 635, or 93.5 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 13, or 1.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 7, or 1 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 30, or 4.4 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. 176 State Board of Ageiculture. County Seat. — Lincoln Centre, the county seat, is 133 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a westerly direct on. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 15 per cent.; upland, 85 percent.; forest, 1 per cent. ; prairie, 99 per cent. Average widtli of bottoms, one and one-half miles; general surface of the country — the greater part undulating, but some portions are level, others bluffj'. Timber. — Belts of timber along the principal streams average about one-quarter mile in width. Varieties: cottonwood, ash, black walnut, box elder, oak and elm. Principal Streams. — The Saline river is the principal stream. It flows east through the entire e.vtent of Ihe county; tributaries on the south side, Table Rock, Owl, Brush, Elkhorn, Bullfoot, Oak, East and West Twin creeks; general direction, northeast. Tributaries on the north, Twelve-Mile, Beaver, Yanger, Lost, Spillman and Wolf creeks; general direction, southeast. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water reached at fro.ii 20 to 50 feet. Coal. — Coal has been discovered cropping out of the banks. The quality is poor, and none has been mined for use. The veins are from 10 to 20 inches in thickness, and have been found in township 11, range 9 west. Building Stone, etc. — Inexhaustible quantities of stone found in the bluffs — white- magnesian limestone, of good quality. There are several salt springs an^ marshes. on Salt creek and its tributaries, but their value has not been tested. Railroad Connections. — There are no railroads in the county. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 460,800; taxable acres, 44,112;, under cultivation, 16,616.27; cultivated to taxable acres, 37.66 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 1,962.27. ACREAGE, AVERAOE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye - - bu. Spring Wheat bu. Corn bu. Barley bu. Oats bu Buckwheat bu, I*otatoes, Irish .bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum _ gall. Castor Beans _ bu. Cotton B)s. Flax bu. Hemp - ft-'. Tobacco fts. Broom Corn fts. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover __ tons Prairie tons 3.556.25 2,114.50 1,957.00 5,.S13.25 ISO. 00 573.50 6.25 110.08 5,80 117. T7 4.75 .12 42.00 .25 2:j.75 877.75 .75 200.00 2o 5^ 17.00 17 00 14.00 40.00 22.00 25 00 14.00 95.00 l.SO.OO 105.00 12.00 50.00 9.00 500 710.00 2.62 1 00 2,50 59.946 35.946 27,398 212.530 3,960 14,337 87 10,458 364 12,366 57 6 378 125 16.862 2,300 1 5 % .65 .50 .35 .20 1.10 .20 .75 .20 .70 .40 1.00 .07 .90 .55 .05 4,00 6.00 5.75 £ s a p ; 38.964.90- 17,973 00 9,589. :iO 42,506 00 4,356.00 2,867.40 65.25 2,091 60- 254.80- 4,946.40 57.00 .42 340 20 68.T5- 843 10- 9,200 00 6.00 as 75 Dairy Products-. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 85 lbs. Butter manufactured in. 1870, 1,950 lbs.; in 1875, 74,869 lbs.: increase, 72,419 lbs. Farm Animali. — T^umber of horses, in 1870, 130; in 1875, 1,099: increase, 969. Mules and asses, in 1870, 11; in 1875, 95: increase, 84. Cattle, in 1870, 838; iu 1875,. 5,080: increase, 4,243. Sheep, in 1870, 22; in 1875, 1,.'")76: increase, 1,554. Swine, in 1870, 185; in 1875, 741: increase, 606. Dogs. — Number of d igs in the county, 518; number of sheep killed by wolves,, 11; value of sheep killed by wolves, $25. 6.1. PoTjETH Annual Report. 177 Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 2.50; orchards, 44.86; vineyards, 1.50. Fences. — Stone, 1,576 rods; cost, $3,955. Rail, 10,776 rods; cost, $15,625.20. Board, 3,086 rods; cost, $2,930.40. Wire, 1,400 rods; cost, $1,085. Hedge, 563 rods; cost, 309.10. Total rods of fence, 16,400; totaPcost, $22,894.70. Water Powers. — The Saline river furnishes good powers. Two mills are in op- eration, and a number of good mill seats are improved. Manufactures. — Rocky Hill, water-power saw and grist mill. Indiana township, saw and grist mill, and saw mill. Grant township, steam ■sawmill. Banks. — None in the county. Newspapers. — The Saline Valley Register, published weekly, at Lincoln Centre. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 32; school houses, 17; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $13,149. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 6, church property $1,500. Baptist: Organizations 3, membership 75. Methodist: Organizations 6, membership 60. Catholic: Organizations 2, membership 70. Libraries. — No report made. Lands. — The unsold lands^re shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $406.50 ; poultry and eggs sold, $2,591 ; pounds of wool produced, 13,870. The prices of vacant land range from $1.25 to $4.50 per acre. LINN COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Lewis F. Linn, a distinguished United States Senator, from Missouri, who died in 1848, while a member of the Sehate. Squai-e miles, 637 ; population to square mile, 18.79. Population in 1860, 6,336 ; in 1870, 12,174 : increase in ten years, 5,838. Population in 1875, 11,974 : decrease in five years, 200 ; increase in fifteen years, 5,638. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIIPS AND CITIES. TOWUSHIPS AND CiTIJSS. Pop. towsships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. ' Pop. 523 1,661 1,882 520 Centrevllle 1 1,068 1,323 1,245 9:32 Liberty Paris 660 Mound City>. 1,287 873 Scott Sheridan Valley r. — Bom in the United States, 11,587 ; in Germany, 99 ; in Ireland, 89 ; in England and Wales, 98 ; in Scotland, 12 ; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 23 ; in France, 6 ; in North of Europe, 2 ; in South of Europe, 7 ; in British America, 49 ; in countries not specified, 3. »9«a!.— Males, 6,190 ; females, 5,784. 12 178 State Board op AGRicuLTtXRE. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas 205 California ..- 10 Colorado ..-. 13 Connecticut 11 Florida 1 Georgia 8 Illinois _ 2,3!10 Indiana -. 811 Iowa .' --. 8111 Kentucky 207 Louisiana 1<) Maine 2 Maryland-. 2 Massachusetts so Michigan 62 Minnesota.- 21 Mississiupi -.;..- 6 Missoun 2,044 Nebraska 24 Nevada New Hampshire ..- 3 New Jersey 11 New York 120 North Carolina 13 Ohio 602 Oregon 1 Pennsylvania -_ 144 Tennessee 47 Texas 44 Vermont 11 Virginia 47 West Virginia 6 Wisconsin --. 206 Diet, of Columbia and the Territories 50 Germany 6 Ireland 5 England and Wales 23 Scotland __ Sweden, Norway and Den- mark _ 13 South of Europe 1 British America 10 OlXXI MAP OF LINN COUNTY, KANSAS, 18T5. JOX X 1 1 B XXIII , IIXX IJV . ' rwJi HXXV ^ UnsoiaXands lif tile SI.E. """' 'i™'^''''' * m-.=»<*'8,cbicaso. ^^ Ft.S.&GulfK.K. Born in Kansas, 3,796; not otherwise stated, 69. Occupation. — Thiere are 3,038, or 71.6 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 394, or 13.8 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 134, or 4.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 278, or 9.7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Mound City. Pleasanton is 80 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southeasterly direction. Mound City is 78 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southeasterly direction. Fourth Annual Report. 179 Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 20 per cent.; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 10 per cent. • prairie, 90 per cent. ; general surface of the country, undulating. T'mber. — This county is comparatively well timbered, but the width of belts and varieties of wood are not returned. Principal Streams. — Marais des Oygnes, flowing southeast. Middle creekj east. Big and Little Sugar creeks, east. East creek, south. Middle creek, south. Lost creek, east. Mill creek, east. The county is well supplied with springs; good well water reached at an average depth of 20 feet. Coal. — Coal crops out of nearly all the hills and streams in the east part of the county. A shaft has been sunk at Barnard to the depth of 90 feet, and a three and one-half foot vein struck, and is being mined with profit. Building Stone, etc. — Good stone is found in large quantities; the Barnard sandstone islield in high repute. Railroad Gonnections — The Missouri Biver, Port Scott & Gulf Railroad traverses the eastern portion of the county from north to south; direction a little east of south. Principal stations; La Cygne, Barnard and Pleasanton. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 407,680; taxable acres, 364,380; under cultivation, 105,789.08; cultivated to taxable acres, 39.03 per cent. : increase of cultivated acres during the year, 10,883.08. ACEBAGE, AVBEAGE YIELDS, PBODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. "Winter Wheat _.bu. Rye _ --^ bu. Spring Wheat 1 -Vrn. <3oni : bu. Barley bn. 'Oats _ bu. Buckwheat bn. Potatoee, Irish bu. SweetPotatoes ... ..bn. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans i bu. Cotton. B)s. Flax bu. Hemp Tbs.. Tobacco - lbs. 3room Com ' fte. Millet and Hungarian ....tons Timotby ._ ..' ....tons Clover tons Prairie _ tons 739.60 57.00 13.00 65,791.00 1,407.60 295?50 536.00 13 63 810.00 945.00 3.60 84.00 7.25 101.00 1,183.00 761.00 272.00 19,154.00 ilx 16.00 16.00 8.00 41.00 28.00 18.00 75.00 150.00 100.00 14.00 100.00 9.00 600.00 700.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.25 11,834 912 104 2,697,431 39,413 5,319 40,200 2,044 81,000 13,230 350 756 4,350 70,700 2,957 761 680 23,942 .97 .60 .75 .25 .25 .90 .35 .75 .53 1.05 .08 1.06 .08 .06 5.00 6.00 6.75 3.75 p a $ 11,478.98 547.20 78.00 674,357.75 9,853.25 4,787.10 14,070.00 1,533 00 48,930.00 13,891.50 28.00 801.36 348.(0 4,242.00 14,785.00 4,566.00 3,910.00 89,782.50' 3airy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 3,760 lbs.; in 1875, 40,555 lbs.: in- crease, 37,795 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 333,214 lbs.; in 1875, 189,081 lbs.: decrease, 44,133 lbs. Farm Animals.— TUnmhev of horsesin 1870, 5,362; in 1875, 3,720: decrease, 1,642. Mules and asses in 1870, 476; in 1875, 500: increase, 34. Cattle in 1870, 13,341; in 1875, 16,277: increase, 3,936. Sheep in 1870, 8,483; in 1875, 2,821: decrease, 5,663. Swine in 1870, 9,432; in 1875,6,131: increase, 3,301. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,584; number of sheep killed by dogs, 455; value of sheep killed by dogs, $1,060.15. Number of sheep killed by wolves, •68; value of sheep killed by wolves, 158.44. / Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 67; orchards, 3,685; vineyards, 26.50. ApiacuU'ure. — Number of stands of bees, 440; pounds of honey, 455; wax, 215. Fences.— Stone, 23,750 rods; cost, $57,443.75. Rail, 416,289 rods; cost, $551,58193. 180 State Board of Ageicultuke. • Board, 25,107 rods; cost, |28,873.05. Wire, 46,400 rods; cost, $30,160. Hedge, 184,157 rods; cost, $87,474.57. Total rods of fence, 694,703; total cost, $755,534.29. Herd Law. — Herd law not in force. Water Powers. — There are good water powers. Several mills are in operation. Manufactures. — Scott township, furniture factory, soap factory, wind -power grist and saw mill, hoop factory, two steam saw mills. Valley township, two water-power saw and grist mills. Mound City, furniture factory, planing mill, cheese factory, wagon and carriage factory, grist mill. Pleasanton, two grist mills and grist and saw mill. Banks. — Banking House of Hood & Kincaid, Pleasanton; Pratt & Moore, La- Cygne; Farmers' Bank of La Cygne. These banks have an aggregate capital of $23,240. Btisineas Souses of Principal Town. — Mound City: Agricultural implements and wagons, 1; books, periodicals, and stationery, 1; boots and shoes, 4; clothing, 3;, confectionery, 3; dry goods, 3; drugs, oils, and paints, 2; groceries, 2; hardware, 1;. hats and caps, 4; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 1; lumber, 1; millinery, 1; queens- ware, 2; saddles and harness, 1. Newspapers. — The La Cygne Journal, Fliasanton Observer, Mound City Enterprise- and Linn County Clarion, published weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts 95, school houses 88, value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus $85,583. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 5, membership 65, church edifices 3, valuation $6,200. Congregational : Organizations 1, membership 18, church edifices 1, valuation $2,500. Baptist: Organizations 8, membership 406, church edifices 3, valuation $6,300. Methodist: Organizations ]<), membership '/SO, church edifices 4, valuation $6,500. Episcopal: Membership 6. Catholic: Organizations 3, mem- bership 95. Universalisc: Organization 1, membership 30. Libraries. — One public library and 54 private libraries are reported from six town- ships, the aggregate volumes being 5,357. Lands. — Unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $779; poultry and eggs sold, $2,628;. pounds of wool produced 8,286. Wages. — Farm laborers, with board, per month, $14 to $16; laborers in cities or on public improvements, $1 to $1.50 per day; carpenters, $2 to $4; bricklayers and stonemasons, $2 to $4; house painters, $2 to $4; wagon makers, $2 to $4; blacksmiths, $3 to $5; shoemakers, $2 to $3; harness makers, $2 to $3; clerks, $30) to $50 per month; tinners, $2 to $4. The prices of vacant land range from $2 to $5 per acre. LYON COTHsTTY. Organized in 1858. Named in honor of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed! while in command of the Union army at the battle of Wilson's Creek, Missouri, August 10th, 1861. The county had been first named Breckenridge, in honor of Vice-President Breckenridge. The name was changed in 1862. Square miles, 858; population to square mile, 11.12. Population in 1860, 3,515; in 1870, 8,014: increase^ in ten years, 4,499; population in 1875, 9,542: increase in five years, 1,528: increasft in fifteen years, 6,027. Fourth Annual Repokt. 181 MAP OP LYON COUNTY, KANSAS, 187S. II X TtX l 'SJLIL T1XII!_ SAND, UbNALLV * CO..ENO SgCUlCAGO. U.K.& T.KE.Xanas 182 State Board of Agriculture. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TOWNSHIPB AND CiTIBS. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 2T4 774 660 347 1,103 1,485 1,018 533 444 Emiendaro Emporia Emporia City 2,194 Fremont Jackson Pike 710 Waterloo Nativity. — Bom in the United States, 8,515; in Germany, 124; in Ireland, 106; in England and Wales, 529; in Scotland, 50; in Sweden, Nonvay, and Denmark, 69; in France, 37; in North of Europe, 15; in South of Europe, 19; in British America, 71; in countries not specified, 7. Sex. — Males 4,985; females, 4,557. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama ?4 39 29 31 16 4 2 1,664 1,038 686 87 1 9 5 1 49 227 Minnesota Mississippi 73 11 Vermont... Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin — Dist. of Columbia a:id the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales 23 64 California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Georgia Dlinois Indiana Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshir.; .... 505 13 4 13 13 26 253 28 93 New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon _ Pennsylvania Rhode Island 334 1.S9 827 4 328 6 34 201 1 Kentucky Louisiana _. Maine Sweden, Norway and Den- mark Prance - Other South of Europe British America 37 ?7 Maryland -__ Massachusetts Michigan __. South Carolina Tennessee Texas 4 194 51 9 24 Born in Kansas, 2,295; not otherwise stated, ,67. Ocaupation.— There are 1,779, or 67.6 per cent, engaged in Agriculture; 342, or 12.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 234, or 8.8 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 376, or 10.4 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Emporia, the county seat, is 52 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southerly direction. Face of the Oountr y.—^ottom lands, 15 per cent.; upland, 85 per cent.; forest, 8 per cent. ; prairie, 92 per cent. The width of bottoms varies from one-half mile to four miles; general surface of the country, undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts one mile. Varieties: cottonwood, hack- berry, oak, walnut, burr oak, hickory, coffee bean, mulberry. Principal Streams. — The Neosho river, with its tributaries. Eagle, Allen, Dow, Kock, Badger, Plum, Coal, Dry creeks. Cottonwood river with its tributaries, Jacobs, Phenis, Fowler and Moon. Elm creek. One Hundred and Forty-two creek. North and South branches of the Verdigris river. There is a good supply of springs, and well water is obtained at a depth of from 20 to 25 feet. Coal. — Some coal has been discovered in the northeastern and southwestern por- tions of the county; it crops out of the creek banks, and the thickness is said to be from one to two feet; quality, medium, but we believe none of consequence has been mined. E. P. Bancroft, of Emporia, reports that coal has been mined during the past year to the amount of 450 tons in township 19, range 13, and township 20, range 11 east. It is in veins from ten to sixteen inches in thickness and near the surface. If sells for from $2 to $2.50 per ton, and is known, according to locality, as Neosho Rapids and Eagle Creek strip coal. Several other similar veins are found in difEerent parts of the county, but none are worked to any extent. Fourth ANiiruAL Report. 183 Building Stone, eta. — The county has an abundance of blue and white limestone conveniently distributed. Bailroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad traverses the centre of the county in a direction a little south of west. Principal stations: Em- poria and Plymouth. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad traverses the county in a southeasterly direction, entering near the northwest and passing out near the southeast corner. Principal stations; Americus, Emporia and Hartford. Agrieultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 549,130; taxable acres, 446,051; under cultivation, 75,119.23; cultivated to taxable acres, 16.84 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 13,075.23. ACREASB, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bu. Spring Wheat bn. Com - bn. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat l)u. Potatoes, Irish bn. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton .S)f. Flax. .bu. Hemp _ _ -lbs. Tobacco - lbs. Broom Corn tbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie _. _ tons 7,482.00 993.00 1,439.00 27,358.00 49.00 8,755.00 17.00 752.50 71.74 239 00 63. SO .87 763.00 4.12 45.00 1,719.00 137.00 156.00 15,9.37.00 20.00 21.00 14.00 42.00 30.00 84.00 20.00 120.00 160.00 125.00 15.00 100.00 10.00 700.00 810.00 2.75 1.25 3.00 1.50 149,640 20.853 20,006 1,149,036 1,470 297,670 340 90,300 11.478 29375 952 87 7,630 2,884 36,450 4,727 171 468 23.905 e $ 1.00 62 .30 .25 1.25 .25 .95 .30 80 .45 1.10 .08 1.10 .08 5.00 7.00 6.50 3.75 H P •^ S < a {149,640.00 12,928.86 16,0 '4.80 287,259.00 1,837.50 74,417'. 50 323.00 27,090.00 , 9,182.40 13,443.75 1,047.20 696.00 8,393.00 230.72 2,916.00 93,635.00 1,197.00 , 3,042.00- 89,643.75 Bairi/ Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 16,930 lbs.; in 1875, 47,020 lbs.: increase, 80,090 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 139,120 lbs.; in 1875, 165,326 lbs.: increase, 36,206 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 3,108; in 1875, 5,000: increase, 1,892. Mules and asses, in 1870, 169; in 1875, 258: increase, 89. Cattle, in 1870, 12,171; in 1875, 31,763: increase, 9,592. Sheep, in 1870, 3,214; in 1875, 1,674: decrease, 1,540. Swine; in 1870, 3,655; in 1875, 2,829: increase, 174. i?og'«.— N^umber of dogs in the county, 1,453; number of sheep killed by dogs, 37; value of sheep killed by dogs, $86.21. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 17; value of sheep killed by wolves, $39.61. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 42; orchards, 3,389; vineyards, 36.12. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 319; pounds of honey, 334; wax, 13. Fences.— Stone, 4,237 rods; cost, $10,593.50. Rail, 163,407 rods; cost, $233,309.62. Board, 83,570 rods; cost $109,405.35. Wire, 34,900 rods; cost, 8,675. Hedge, 84,999 rods; cost, $44,634.47. Total rods of fence, 359,113; total cost, $396,606.84. Water Powers. — There are good powers on the Neosho and Cottonwood. Manufactures. — Emporia, two water-power flouring mills and one steam flouring mill, combined capital $50,000; two water-power saw mills and two steam saw mills, combined capital $10,000; steam-power foundry, capital $7,000; water-power furniture manufactory, capital $10,000; steam soap factory, capital $1,000; carriage manufactory, capital $5,000; cigar manufactory, brick factory and brewery. Americus, steam flouring and sawmill, capital $10,000; cheese factory. Centre 184 State Board of Ageicttlttjee. township, steam saw mill, capital $2,500. Elmendaro township, steam saw mill, capital $3,500; steam saw and flouring mill, capital $3,500; water-power flouring mill, capital $20,000. Jackson township, two water-power flouring mills and wind-, power flouring mill and carding machine, combined capital $20,000. Pike town- ship, water-power flouring mill, capital $80,000; steam saw mill, capital $2,500. Waterloo township, steam saw mill, capital $5,000. Banks. — First National Bank of Emporia, capital $100,000; Emporia National Bank, capital $85,000; banking house of Dunlap, Howard & Co., Emporia. Newspapers. — The Emporia News, Emporia Ledger and Patrons^ Gleaner, pub- lished weekl}-. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 76; school houses, 80; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $74,669. The State Noimal School is located at Emporia. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 6, membership 200, church edifices 2, valuation, $13,500. Congregational: Organizations 4, membership 217, church edifices 2, valuation $5,500. Baptist: Organizations 4, membership 130, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. United Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 115, church edifices 1, valuation $6,000. Methodist: Orgaizations 15, membership 434, church edifices 2, valtiation $7,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 29, church edifices 1, valuation Si4,000. Catholic: Organizations 5, membership 350, church edifices 2, valuation $3,500. Lutheran: Organizations 8, membership 61. There are also several churches maintained by the society of Friends, and four Welsh churches. Meetings of the denomination of Christians are held in the school houses in various parts of the county. Libraries — In six townships there are two public libraries, with 1,900 volumes reported, and 159 private, containing 18,470 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Garden produce marketed, $7,640 ; poultry and eggs sold, $3,615.50; pounds of wool produced, 7,054. The prices of vacant land range from $3.50 to $7. MARION COUNTY. Organized in 1865. Named in honor of General Francis Marion, of the revolu- tionary army. The county was first established in 1855, and re-established in 1860. Square miles, 954; population to square mile, 6.19. Population in 1860, 74; in 1870, 768: increase in ten years, 694; population in 1875, 5,907: increase in five years, 5,139: increase in fifteen years, 5,838. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Branch 700 1,288 503 Centre 1,107 2S8 264 Clear Creek 345 1,078 Doyle Grant Peabody Nativity.— Bom In the United States, 3,933; in Germany, 178; in Ireland, 46; in England and Wales, 100; in Scotland, 16; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 581; Fourth Annual Report. 185 MAP OP MARION COtTNTT, KANSAS, 1875. in France, 27; in North of Europe, 4; in Italy, 1; in South of Europe, 1,429; in ~- British America, 113; in countries not specified, 1. ' afee.— Males, 3,313; females, 2,694. 186 State Boakd of Agriculture. WHERE FEOM TO KANSAS. Alabama 2 11 13 8 2 Minnesota 46 4 Wisconsin 205 Dist. of Columbia and the California Colorado Connecticut MisBonri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire 198 26 .'.'." "i Territories 15 Germany 26 Ireland 6 Delaware .■.".'■.; "e 819 247 404 172 4 7 29 11 164 England and Wales 16 Georgia a Scotland 8 New York 84 Sweden, Norway and Den- Ohio Pennsylvania Sonth Carolina .- .... 278 .... 126 .. . 1 Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Prance 8 Other North of Europe Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia .... 14 6 6 .... 20 .... 19 Italy 1 Other South of Europe 1,385 British America . . . 31 Michigan Born in Kansas, 751; not otherwise stated, 698. Occupation. — There are 1,233, or 79.6 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 77, or 4.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 63, or 4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 175, or 11.3 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Marion Centre, the county seat, is 87 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 16 per cent. ; upland, 84 per cent.; forest, 3 per cent.; prairie, 98 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one mile; general surface of the country, gently undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-quarter of a mile. Varieties: Cot- tonwood, hackberry, elm, oak, hickory, walnut, box-elder and sycamore. Principal Streams. — The principal streams and their courses are: Cottonwood, northwest to southeast; Doyle creek, southwest to northeast; South Fork of Cot- tonwood, west to east: French creek, west to east: Clear creek, northeast to south- west; Middle creek, northwest to southeast; Brunot creek, northwest to southeast; Martin creek, northwest to southeast; Muddy creek, northwest to southeast. Springs are abundant; and good well water is obtained at a depth of from 15 to 50 feet. Coal. — ^Indications of cool have been discovere d, but none of consequence has been developed. Building Stone, etc. — Magnesian limestone, of white and cream colors, is found in unlimited quantities, cropping out of the edges of the bluflfs and banks of the streams. Hydraulic cement, mineral paint. Are and pottery clay are stated to exist in large quantities, but the discoveries do not seem to have been utilized. Gypsum is also reported to abound in Doyle, South Cottonwood and French creeks. Bailroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad runs through the southeastern part of the county, in a southwesterly direction. Principal sta- tions, Florence and Peabody. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 610,560; taxable acres, 493,808; under cultivation, 34,884.76; cultivated to taxable acres, 7.06 percent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 10,304.76. Fourth Annual. Report. 187 ACREAGE, AVERAGE TEBLDS, PKODUCT AND VALUE OP PBINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. O g . 5^ p a o P4 CM Hi O i>■P^ Winter Wheat.: Rye Spring Wheat Corn Barley.. Oats Buckwheat Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorghnm Cotton.- Flax Broom Com Millet and Hungarian . Timothy Prairie ..bn. ..hu. ..bu. ...bo. ...bn. ..bu. ..bn. ..bn. ...bu. -gaU. --lbs. — bu. -tons .-tons -tons 12,101.00 207.50 1,581.25 10,942.87 628.32 4,976.50 5.50 371.14 6.20 82.39 1.25 20.53 18.31 94.75 3. CO 211.00 22.00 21.00 14.00 42.00 28.00 40.00 20.00 100.00 160.00 120.00 75.00 10.00 775.00 2.50 1.25 1.50 266,222 42,157 22,137 459,601 17,693 199,020 110 37,114 992 9,887 94 205 14,190 237 4 316 $1.00 .60 .75 .27^ 1.25 .27^ .95 .27>4 1.00 .50 .07 1.00 .05 4.75 5.50 3.00 $666,222.00 25,294.20 16,602.75 126,390.27 21,991.25 54,730.50 104.50 10,206.35 992.00 4,943.50 6.58 205.00 709.50 1,125.75 22.00 948.00 ExTBAOB6mAiiY TiBLD. — Statement of Colonel R. C. Bates, of Marion Centre; Winter Wheat: I raised five varieties of wheat the past season. The best yield ■was the Lancaster, 45 bushels per acre. I had 12 acres of Gipsy wheat, which averaged 37 bushels per acre. This latter variety is a bearded white chafiT. I drilled it in on black loam bottom land, which had been in cultivation five to six years. I plant corn and small grain alternately. I drilled this wheat in on the 15th day of September, and harvested the crop on the 20th day of June. The total cost per acre was as follows: Plowing, per acre ......... $l..'iO Seed, _ _ 1.60 Drilling 50 Harvesting 2.25 Threshing - 3.70 Total cost $9.45 I regard this as a superior variety of wheat for this soil and climate, and I prefer drilling in grain to broadcast sowing. I gave it a fair trial last year. My neigh- bor sowed the same seed on the same soil, and harvested 35 bushels, while I har- vested 37 bushels. Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 840 lbs.; in 1875, 2,220 lbs.: in- crease, 1,880 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 12,745 lbs.; in 1875, 49,428 lbs.: increase, 36, 683 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 407; in 1875, 1,893: increase, 1,485. Mules and asses, in 1870, 16; in 1875, 163: increase, 147. Cattle, in 1870, 3,368; in 1875, 5,161: increase, 1,793. Sheep, in 1870, 485; in 1875, 1,825: increase, 1,340. Swine, in 1870, 391; in 1875, 1,787: increase, 1,496. Dog-*.— Number of dogs in the county, 434; number of sheep killed by dogs, 9; value of sheep killed by dogs, $20.97. ^Number of sheep killed by wolves, 8; value of sheep kUled by wolves, $18.64. HdrtieuUm-e.— Acres of nurseries, 22.50; orchards, 605.78; vineyards; .82. Fences.— Stone, 3,035 rods; cost, $7,966.87. Bail, 5,255 rods; cost, $7,357. Board, 6,944 rods; cost, $9,895.30. Wire, 1,500 rods; cost, $975. Hedge, 34,800 rods; cost, $19,140. Total rods of fence, 51,534; total cost, $45,334.07. JSerd Lam. — The herd law has been in operation since 1873 throughout the whole county, and the general prosperity has been greatly enhanced. Water Powers — There are several fine water powers on the Cottonwood, Muddy and Doyle creeks. Two mills have been erected on the Cottonwood, but no other powers have been improved. Manufactures. — Peabody township, steam flouring mill, capital, $6,000. Doyle State Board of Agricultuee. township, water-power flouring mill, capital, $12,000. Centre township, water- power flouring mill, capital, $10,000. Clear Creek township, saw mill. Marion Centre, furniture factory and cheese factory. Banks. — ^Marion Bank and Savings Institution, Florence. Kollock & Chenault and A. B. Salisbury, Peabody. Newspapers. — Marion County Beeord, at Marion Centre, and the Gazette, at Pea- body, both weekly. Schools, ej o -<; a i 26,848.25 22,742.40 69,884.10 131,678.40 26,479.32 13.239.39 352.50 6,696.64 3,319.80 16,047.35 1,061.00 1 33 1,695.75 2,783.00 15.00 1,738 10 13,775'.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 580 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 63,632 lbs. Farm AniTnals. —Nnvabei of horses in 1870, 189; in 1875, 1,999: increase, 1,810. Mules and asses in 1870, 40; in 1875, 246: increase, 206. Cattle in 1870, 807; in 1875, 4,554: increase, 3,747. Sheep in 1875, 854. Swine in 1870, 44; in 1875, 3,391: increase, 2,347. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 765; number of sheep killed by dogs, 43; value of sheep killed by dogs, $100.19. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 22; value of sheep killed by wolves, $51.26. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 24.75; orchards, 89.50. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 2; pounds of honey, 25. i^'ereces.— Stone, 3,167 rods; cost, $4,068.13. Rail, 10,285 rods; cost, $14,913.25. Board, 3,291 rods; cost, $4,442.85. Wire, 1,500 rods; cost, $1,275. Hedge, 3,440 Tods; cost $1,893. Total rods of fence, 20,683; total cost, $26,586.22. , Herd Law. — The herd law has been iu force for the past three years throughout the county. A correspondent writes: " The county is decidedly more prosperous for the reason, that all that would have to be invested in fences, if there were no herd law, is now available for permanent and lasting improvements." Water Powers. — There are numerous floe water powers on the Solomon, several of which have been improved, and mills are in operation. Manufactures. — Glen Elder township, water-power saw and grist mill, capital $4,000. Cawker township, steam saw mill. Beloit township, two water-power grist and saw mills. Asherville township, water-power grist and saw mill, capital $16,000; water-power feed mill. A brewery in Waconda, and one in Beloit. Turkey Creek township, water-power flour mill. There are also two other grist mills in the county. Banks. — Banking house of F. H. Hart, Beloit. Newspapers. — The Gazette, published at Beloit, and the Tribune and EcJio, at Cawker City; all weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 73; school houses, 50; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $39,357. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 39. Congregational: Or- ganizations 2, membership 36, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Baptist: Organi- FOTJKTH AkNUAL RePOET. 203 nations 4, membership 188, church edifices 1, valuation $200. United Presbyte- lian: Organizations 1, membership 80. Methodist: Organizations 10, membership 250, church edifices 1, valuation $1,500. Episcopal: Membership 9. Catholic: Or- ganizations 3, membership 250, church edifices 1, valuation, $600. TJniversalists: Organizations 1; membership 20. Libraries. — No returns. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanjdng map of the county. Miscellaneous.— Gaiien produce marketed, $141; poultry and eggs sold, $1,709.75; pounds of wool produced, 3,574. Wages.— Ftirm laborers, with board, per month, $15 to $18; laborers in cities and on public improvements, $1 to $1.50 per day; carpenters, $1.50 to $2; house painters, $2; blacksmiths, $2 to $3; shoemakers, $1.50 to $2; harness makers, $2; clerks, $30 to $60 per month. The prices of vacant lands range from $2 to $8 per acre. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Organized in 1869. Named in honor of Gen. Richard Montgomery, born in Ire- land on Dec. 2d, 1736; was an ofllcer of distinction in the British army, resigned, and settled in Dutchess county. New York, in 1773; was appointed one of the eight generals to command the Revolutionary army of America in 1775; killed in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31st, 1775, c^xouting " Death and Liberty ! " Square miles, 636; population to square mile, 20.46. Population in 1870, 7,564; population in 1875, 13,017: increase in five years, 5,453. , POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. CaDey — — 925 708 1,255 554 810 Cherokee _,„- . 797 797 749 772 Cherry 1,361 2,057 1,441 797 Fawn Creek Independence City Liberty City of Coffeyville Sycamore Parker _.. Rutland Naiitiity. — Born in the United States, 12,805; in Germany, 209; in Ireland, 131 ; in England and Wales, 111; in Scotland, 50; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 36; in France, 6; in North of Europe, 2; in South of Europe, 10; in British America, 151; in countries not specified, 6. S«j;.— Males, 6,888; females, 6,129. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut - 4 120 27 19 a 1 2 3,016 1,2;«) 1,505 368 4 15 4 20 203 Minnesota. Mississippi Missoun Nebraska Nevada 30 1 2.232 113 3 7 Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France 93 8 216 63 26 Georgia Illinois New Jersey . , .. .. 15 4 New York 139 11 Indiana North Carolina 9 W Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania 622 3 176 2 15 Maryland Tennessee Texas Vermont 143 137 5 RO Michigan 204 State Boaed of Ageicultube. Born in Kansas, 3,246; not otherwise stated, 39. Occupation. — There are 2,332, or 69 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 320, or 9.5 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 218, or 6.4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 507, or 15 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Independence, the county seat, is 125 miles in an air line from To- peka, in a southerly direction. MAP OF MONTGOMEEY COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. iL.t.ifi.jl.R.Lauda I GovernmentTjands Face oftTie Country.— 'Eotiom land, 25 per cent. ; upland, 75 percent.; forest, 10 per cent. ; prairie, 90 per cent. The rivers run in deep channels. There are few low bottoms; general'slope of the water sheds, southward. An extensive propor- tion of the surface is gently rolling land, some level, interspersed with the mounds peculiar to this section of the State. Timber. — The timber belts vary in width from one mile to a mere fringe along the smaller streams ; there are a few groves of limited extent on the uplands. Varie- ties not stated. FoTJKTH Annual Repoet. 205 Prineipai Streams.— Verdigris river, flows southward. Elk river and Onion creek, southeast. Drum creek, southwest. Duck and Sycamore creeks, southward. Big Hill creek, southwest. The springs are not numerous; well water obtained at an average depth of 35 feet. CocU. — Coal has been exposed in localities extending over one-third of the area of the county. Thickness of veins, one to two feet; found on the surface and at the base of elevations; quality rather inferior; improves as the mines extend beneath the surface ; use limited, as yet, to local, domestic and manufacturing purposes. Building Stone, etc. — Excellent stone is found in abundance. Varieties: sand, lime and flag-stone. There are no salt marshes or springs, but salt water has been obtained by digging near Elk City, and satisfactory experimental results as to strength of fluid have been secured. Baiiroad Connections. — The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad enters the county near its northeast corner, and traverses the eastern part of the county in a southwesterly direction. Stations: Cherry Vale, Liberty and Coffeyville. A branch extends from Cherry Vale, a little south of west, to Independence. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 407,040; taxable acres, 363,917; under cultivation, 120,061.03; cultivated to taxable acres, 33.08 per cent.: increa.«fi of cultivated acres during the year, 38,493.03. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. og E B U S < 05 Winter Wheat ___T)u. Eye -bu. Spring Wheat bu. Com bu. Barley bu. Gats - _.bu. Bnckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irisli „ „bu. Sweet Potatoes _.-bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans _ .bu. Cotton _ B)s. Flax bu Hemp B)8. Tobacco -ibs. Broom Corn Tbe. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover - tons Prairie tons 32,405.50 389.75 19.00 37,639.00 30.00 3,140.25 68.75 785.04 108.43 873.95 956.12 423.90 3,862.00 27.62 14.93 245.37 757.50 ■ 371.75 376.08 18,821.00 21.00 22.00 12.00 42.00 27.00 40.00 20.00 100.00 155.00 125.00 16.00 200.00 9.00 750.00 700.00 815.00 2.87 1.25 2.50 1.50 470,515 8,574 228 1,580,838 810 126,610 1,375 78,504 16,807 109,244 15,298 84,698 34,758 20,715 10,461 199,977 3,174 464 940 28,231 $ .95 .60 .75 .20 1.22 .23 1.05 .25 .80 .45 1.10 .10 1.06 .65 .08 .06 5.00 6.00 5.50 3.26 $446,989.25 5,144.40 171.00 316,167.60 988.20 28,890.30 1,443.75 19,626.00 13,445.60 49,159.80 16,827.80 8,469.80 36,843.48 13,464.75 836.08 11,998.62 10,870,00 3,784.00 5,170.00 91,750.75 Extraordinary Yield: — Statement of Benjamin Murphy, of Sycamore, Mont- gomery county: I raised the past year, 1,350 bushels of winter wheat on 35 acres of ground, or at the rate of 54 bushels to the acre. It was the Fultz variety of wheat, drilled in between the 10th and 15th of October, and harvested the 16th of June. Soil, prairie bottom, sandy loam; the third crop on 10 acres, and the first crop on 15 acres. Nothing but wheat had been raised on the land before. The ground was plowed 10 inches deep. The wheat was rolled in the spring. Cost of plowing 25 acres _ $31.25 Harrowing, 3 days, @$3. 9.00 Drilling, 3 days, ® $3 9.00 Boiling, 2days,@$3 6.00 Cutting, ® $2.35 56.25 Thresmng 173.50 284.00 206 State Board of Agriculttjee. Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 6,820 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 178,574 lbs. Farm Animals.— T>(\imbeT of horses, in 1870, 1,629; in 1875, 3,411: increase, 1,782. Mules and asses, in 1870, 329; in 1875, 614: increase, 285. Cattle, in 1870, 5,685; in 1875, 11,330: increase, 5,645. Sheep, in 1870, 674; in 1875, 2,187: increase, 1,513. Swine, in 1870, 1,065; in 1875, 6,515: increase, 5,450. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,466; number of sheep killed by dogs, 64; value of sheep killed by dogs, $149. 12. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 4; value of sheep killed by wolves, $9.32. Sorticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 326. 50; -orchards, 3,514.03; vineyards, 138. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 176; pounds of honey, 200; wax, 26. Fences.— Stoae, 5,801 rods; cost, $13,052.25. Rail, 274,565 rods; cost, $362,425.80. Board, 39,039 rods; cost, $33,383.55. Wire, 30,900 rods; cost, $31,630. Hedge,, 222,508 rods; cost, $111,254. Total rods of fence, 563,803; total cost, $541,745.60. Water Powers. — The Verdigris and Elk rivers furnish powers which are but par- tially utilized. Manufactures. — Louisburg township, steam grist mill, capital $600. Parker township, two steam saw mills, capital $7,080. Cigar manufactory at Independence. There is a water-power flouring mill on the Verdigris, and one on Elk river. One steam saw mill in Caney township. One steam saw mill in Cherokee township. One steam saw mill and one water-power grist mill in Liberty township. One water and steam grist mill, and one steam grist millin Parker township. One water-power grist mill, and one water-power saw mill, in Sycamore township. One vinegar fac- tory, one cheese factory at Independence. Bajiks. — ^Banking house of T. B. Eldridge, Cofieyville; Parker, York & Co., same place; Noah Eby & Co., same place. Montgomery County Bank, Independence;. Turner & Otis, same place; Hull's Bank, same place. The total amount of capital of these banks is $56,397. Newspapers. — The Journal, Coflfeyvllle; the Southern Kansan and South Kansas- Tribune, published at Independence, all weekly; and the Courier, Independence,, daily and weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 100; school houses, 96; value of school: buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $107,846. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 124, church edifices 1, valuation, $7,300. Congregational: Organizations 3, membership 57, church edifices . 1, valuation $4,000. Baptist: Organizations 15, membership409, church edifices 1, valuation $1,800. Methodist: Organizations 37, membership 700, church edifices 1, parsonages 3, valuation of buildings $3,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, member- ship 30, church edifices 1, valuation $4,000. Catholic: Organizations 3, member- ship 410, church edifices 3, valuation $3,000. Lihranes. — There are, in six townships, 47 private libraries, containing 1,337 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown in the accompanying map of the county. Miscdlaneows. — Garden produce marketed, $3,198; poultry and eggs sold, $3,315.50;. pounds of wool produced, 5,207. Prices of unoccupied land range from $3 to $6 per acre. PouKTH Annual Report. 20r MORRIS COUNTY. Organized in 1858. Named in honor of Thomas Morris, a United States Senator, from Ohio, who hecame prominent as an anti-slavery leader, and as a candidate of that party for Vice-President. He died in 1844. The county was first named Wise, in honor of Henry A. Wise, of Virginia. Square miles, 700. Population to square mile, 6.65. Population in 1860, 770; in 1870, 2,225: increase in ten years, 1,455; population in 1875, 4,597: increase in five years, 2,373: increase in fifteen years, 3,827. Skiddvl! MAP OF MORKIS COUNTY. KANS.4S, 1875. I K:F.K.B.Lande IlillM.K.iT.E.E.Lands H AT-* S.r:B.E.I,anaii ^^ GovernmeutLaadB POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Clork^B Creek 135 5«3 304 669 Council Grove 1,005 287 601 Diamond Valley Neosho .... 156 534 Ohio 393 Valley 208 State Boaed of Agriculture. i\'^atmty.—Boiii in the United States, 3,991; in Germany, 133; in Ireland, 57; in England and Wales, 169; in Scotland, 21; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 120; in France, 11; in North of Europe, 1; in South of Europe, 39; in British America, 50; in countries not specified, 5. &.r.— Males 3,488; females, 2^109. WHERE PHOM TO KANSAS. Arkansas 10 7 7 7 - 1 805 159 268 160 S 18 12 4 140 Minnesota^ ...- 32 2 Vermont Virginia Wisconsin .\ Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland - England and Wales. S otland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark Other North of Europe British America 4 57 Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois _ Indiana .„. Missoan Nel)ra8ka _ New Hampshire New Jersey New Tork _ ■ .... 542 — - 13 3 .... SO 117 118 8 43 5 2 85 Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Ohio „ Oregon _ Pennsylvania Khode Island Tennessee Tesas .... 469 1 .... 110 .... 8 .... 129 .... 32 6 57 36 97 Michigan Boi _ .11 Kansas, 1,047; not otherwise stated, 22. Occupation.— There are 833, or 66.4 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 193, or 15.4 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 76, or 6.1 per cent.. In Trade and Transportation; 148, or 11.9 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Council Grove, the county seat, is 52 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottomland, 15 per cent.; upland, 85 per cent. ; forest, 5 per cent.; prairie, 95 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one mile, well-defined water-sheds, having an east-and-west direction; general surface of the country, undulating; there are, however, valuable limestone bluffs and fine bottom lands, Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-quarter mile. Varieties: walnut, oak, Cottonwood, hackberry, elm and sycamore. Principal Streams. — The Neosho river rises in the northwest and flows through the county in a southeasterly direction: Munkres, Little John, Big John and Rock creeks are its tributaries from the north; and Elm, Pour-Mile and Kahola creeks from the south. Clark's creek, a tributary of the Smoky Hill, rises in the west and flows 10 miles through the country in a northerly direction; and Diamond creek rises in the west and flows through it in a southerly direction. The county has many very fine springs, among them the famous Diamond Springs and Hill Springs; good well water obtained at a depth of from 10 to 40 feet. Coal. — None has been developed. BuUding Stone, etc. — Pine magnesian limestone is found on nearly every quarter section. Red ochre in abundance is found in several localities in the county; it has been tested, and is said to be excellent. Pire and pottery clay said to be found in quantities, but it has not been tested ; gypsum found in several bowlders in lim- ited quantities, but not pure. Railroad Cormections. — The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad traverses the county from northwest to southeast. Principal stations: Skiddy, Parkerville and Council Grove. Agricultural Statistics.— Acres in the county, 448,000; taxable acres, 257,266; under cultivation, 60,115.78; cultivated to taxable acres, 23.33 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 40,998.78. Fourth Anntjal Repokt. 1209 ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bu. Spring Wheat bo. Corn bu. Barley bu, Oats bu. Buckwheat bu Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum ._ gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton lbs. Flax bu. Hemp lbs. Tobacco lbs. Broom Corn B)s. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie ' tons 8,947.50 1,698.75 3,039.35 11,248.25 712.00 3,718.75 16.00 210.36 8.00 168.75 126.75 5.25 , 109.00 2.13 617.00 1,301.25 63.00 4.00 8,627.00 33 a H 1^ 20.00 20.00 12.00 41.00 24.00 39.00 20.00 100.00 160.00 100.00 15.00 75.00 11.00 650.00 720.00 3.00 1.00 2.50 1.25 a o 178,950 33,975 36,471 461,178 17,0S^8 145,031 320 21,036 1.280 16,8-5 1,901 394 1,199 1,378 444,240 2,602 53 10 10,784 $ .99 .50 ■42« .24 1.25 .23 .95 .30 .87)^ .47H .95 .08 1 00 .07 .04 4.25 7.50 6.75 3 00 $176,720.50 16,987.50 15,500.17 110,682.72 21,360.00 33,.367.13 304.00 6,310.80 1,120.00 8,015.62 1,805.95 31.52 l,19H.0O 96.46 17,769.60 11,058.50 397.50 67.50 32,352.00 Dairy Products.— Chetss manufactured in 1870, 1,700 lbs.; in 1875, 6,006 lbs.: increase, 4,306 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 30,590 lbs.; in 1875, 68,040 lbs. : increase, 37,450 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses, in 1870, 1,033; in 1875, 2,036: increase, 993. Mules and asses, in 1870, 121; in 1875, 195: increase, 74. Cattle, in 1870, 3,604; in 1875, 6,587: increase, 2,983. Sheep, in 1870, 682; in 1875, 710: increase, 28. Swine, in 1870, 642; in 1875, 1,244: increase, 602. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 691; number of sheep killed by dogs, 43; value of sheep killed by dogs, $100.19. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 15; value of sheep killed by wolves, $34.95. SbriieuUure. — Acres of nurseries, 8; orchards, 470.50; vineyards, 89. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 5; pounds of honey, 140. i?'en««s.— Stone, 8,871 rods; cost, $24,895.25. Rail, 56,809 rods; cost, $78,112.37. Board, 18,732 rods; cost $26,324.80. Wire, 8,400 rods; cost, 7,140. Hedge, 11,249 rods; cost, $6,186.95. Total rods of fence, 104,061; total cost, $143,059.37. Herd Law. — The herd law was put in force throughout this county in September, 1875. One writer says: " The effect is good" and he anticipates large benefits from it. Another writer says: " The people had become accustomed to the township herd law, and it seemed to work well; but I do not think the county herd law will do well at present." Water Powers. — There are good powers on the Neosho. There is one mill at Council Grove, and another being erected on the Kaw reserve. Manufactures. — Two steam grist mills, steam sawmill, water-power grist mill, and one cheese factory, the latter in Elm Creek township. Two saw mills in Xeosho township. One water-power and three steam saw mills in Valley township. One water-power and one steam gristmill in Council Grove. Parker township, one steam saw and grist mill. One brick yard, one lime kiln, and a salt well at Council Grove. Banks.— 'ihe: First National Bank of Council Grove, capital $50,000. Business Houses of Principal Town. — Agricultural implements and wagons, 3 books, periodicals and stationery, 1; boi,ts and shoes, 3; clothing and tailoring, 1 confectionery, 3; carriage depository, 1; dry goods, 3; drugs, oils and paints, 3 furniture and upholstery, 1; groceries, 4; gunsmith, 1; hardwa'-f, 3; hats and caps, 14 210 State Board of Agkioultttee. 3; jewelry, docks, watches, etc., 1; coffins and caskets, 1; cabinet manufactory, 1; lumber, 2; music and musical instruments, 1; millinery, 1; general country stores, 4; queensware, 3; saddles and harness, 1; sewing machines, 8; tin shop, 1; pho- tographer, 1; vinegar factory, 1; brick yard, 1; bakery, 1; blacksmithing, 4. Newspapers. — Morris County Republican and Council Grove Democrat, published weekly at Council Grove. Schools, «ic.— Organized school districts, 44; school houses, 40; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $52,000, C^MwAes.— Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 45. Congregational: Organizations 4, membership 97, church edifices 1, valuation $4,500. Baptist: Or- ganizations 3, membership 75. United Presbyterian: Organizations 1, member- ship 30. Methodist: Organizations 1, membership 111. Catholic: Organizations S, membership 150. Libraries.— '&\-s. townships return 35 private libraries; containing 3,393 volumes. iarad«.— The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. J[fisceKa>ieoMS.— Garden produce marketed, $316; poultry and eggs sold, $1,418.50; pounds of wool produced, 3,597. yfages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $10 to $18; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, 75c. to SI. 25; carpenters, per day, $1.50 to $3; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $3 to $4; house painters, per day, $2 to $3; wagon makers, per day, $1.50 to $3; blacksmiths, per day, $1.50 to $3; shoemakers, per day, $1.50 to $3; harness makers, per day, $2 to $3; clerks, per month, $30 to $60; tinners, per day, $2 to $3. Prices of unoccupied land range from $2 to $7 per acre. NEMAHA COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named for the river Nemaha, one of whose tributaries drains the northern half of the county, running northward into Nebraska. Square miles, 720. Population to square mile, 10 98. Population in 1860, 3,436 ; in 1870, 7,339 ; increase in ten years, 4,903. Population in 1875, 7,909 : increase in five years, D70 ; increase in fifteen years, 5,473. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. towkships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. rapioma 633 367 408 808 303 Clear Creek 475 655 347 1,135 432 Granada 408 303 Neuchatel Red Vermillion Valley 511 370 Was hington Wetmore City of Seneca 803 Natimty. — Born in the United States, 6,599 ; in Germany, 447 ; in Ireland, 330 ; in England and Wales, 177 ; in Scotland, 46 ; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 47 ; in France, 40 ; in North of Europe, 38 ; in Italy, 21 ; in South of Europe, 107 , in British America, 161 ; in countries not specified, 8. 5«.— Males, 4,090 ; females, 3,819. Fourth Annual Report. 211 MAP OF NEMAHA COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. j C.(UiiralBranSmXI;PSE.K lands WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 4 Arkansas— 5 California 12 Colorado - - 1 Connecticut 22 Delaware Georgia 25 Xlinois .-• - 1,329 Indiana --- 443 Iowa 661 Xentncky 8 Louisiana 3 Maine 8 Maryland 2 Massachusetts - 47 -Michigan - 139 Minnesota 30 Mississippi 2 Missouri 734 Nebraska 100 Nevada 14 New Hampshire 18 New Jersey 7 NewTork 352 North Carolina — - 537 — - 242 2 — - 20 Ohio. Pennsylvania — South Carolina- Tennessee Texas Vermont ' — Virginia West Virginia 7 Wisconsin 379 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories - 15 Germany 78 Ireland 11 England and Wales 76 Scotland 29 Sweden. Norway and Den- mark - 20 Prance 1 Other North of Europe... 5 Oth er South of Europe 54 British America 109 21-2 State Board op Agbioultuee. Born in Kansas, 2,245 ; not otherwise stated, 44. Occupation.— There are 1,454, or 81.3 percent., engaged in Agriculture; 90, or 5 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 84, or 4.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 160, or 8.9 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Seneca, the county seat, is 59 miles in an air line from Topeka, in. a northerly direction. Face of the Country.— Bottom land, 10 per cent.; upland, 90 per cent.; forest, 3- per cent.; prairie, 97 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one mile; general sur- face of the country, undulating. Timber. —Aver&ge width of timber belts, half a mile. Varieties: hickoiy, oak, hackberry, elm, walnut, Cottonwood, ash, locust and sycamore. Principal Streams.— The Nemaha flows north 20 miles through the centre of the county. Tributaries: Deer creek, flowing west; Harris, northwest; Illinois, south- east; Grasshopper, southeast; Pony creek, east; Rock, northeast; Vermillion, west;. French, south, and Turkey creek, east. The county is very well supplied with springs,- and good well water is obtained at a depth of from 35 to 40 feet. Coal. — Small quantities have been found along the Nemaha and its tributaries. Thickness of veins from four to thirteen inches; depth below surface, from six to twenty feet; quality, medium: very little has been developed, and its use is- altogether local. Building Stone, etc.— Stone of good quality is found in all parts of the county. Bailroad Connections.— The St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad runs east and west through the county, north of the centre. Principal station, Seneca. The Cen- tral Branch Union Pacific Railroad runs east and west through the county, south of the centre. Principal stations: Wetmore, C')rning and Centralia. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 460,800; taxable acres, 432,401; under cultivation, 83,714.34; cultivated to taxable acres, 19.86 per cent. . increase, of cultivated acres during the year, 22,930.34. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye ba. Spring Wheat bu. Corn bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish _ bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans -bu. Cotton -lbs Flax bu. Tobacco B)S, Broom Corn -lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie ---tons 1,753.25 1,023.00 5,575.75 36.906.00 '603.00 5,325.45 1,146.25 586.. ?0 .37 218.00 23.00 1,512.27 3.50 52.75 1,804.75 121.25 27-. 25 15,&35.00 20 20.00 18.00 10.00 42.00 28.00 35.00 20.00 117.00 145.00 110.00 13.00 8.00 680.00 775.00 8.75 1.00 2.75 1.25 35,065 18,414 55.757 1,550,052 14.084 186,391 22,925 62,770 64 33,980 299 12,098 2,380 40,f:81 4,963 121 19,794 % 98 60 78 25 1.25 .25 .95 .28 .90 .40 1.10 1.05 .07 6.00 6.00 6.00 3.25 $ 34,363.7a 11,048.40 4.3,490.46 387.613.00 17,605.00 46,597.75 21,778.75- 17,575.60 48.60 9,592. 00- 328.90 12,702.90- 178.50 2,861.67 24,815.00 726.00 460.00 64,330.50 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 28,285 lbs.; in 1875, 798,850 Ibs.r; increase, 770,565 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 200,460 lbs.; in 1875, 270,275- lbs. : increase, 69,815 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1870, 3,307; in 1875, 4,975: increase, 1,668- Fourth Annual Report 213 3Iules and asses, in 1870, 156; ia.l875, 276: increase, 120. Cattle, in 1870,9,221; in 1875, 19,343: increase, 10,031. Sheep, in 1870, 3,591; in 1875, 1,171: decrease, 2,430. -Swine, in 1870, 4,119; in 1873, 5,471: increase, 1,332. ^Dogs. — Numberof dogs in the county, 1,575; number of sheep Icilled bydogs, 149; value of sheep killed by dogs, $347.17. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 184; value of sheep killed by wolves, $312.22. Sorticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 9; orchards, 1,525; vineyards, 20.25. ApiaeuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 96; pounds of honey, 107; wax, 30. Fenees.Stone, 8,958 rods; cost, $21,375.25. Rail, 259,322 rods; cost, $350,074.70. Board, 85,691 rods; cost, ^09,256.02. Wire, 35,300 rods; cost, $26,475. Hedge, 56,181 rods; cost, $25,843.26. Total rods of fence, 445,453; total cost, $532,924.23. Water Powers. — The water power is limited; two mills are but partially supplied. Manufactures. — Nemaha township, steam saw mill, capital $1,000. Richmond -township, steam flouring mill, capital $15,000. Home township, steam flouring mill, capital $12,000. A brewery at S ineca. One steam grist mill in Rock Creek town- .ship. Neuchatel township, one steam flouring mill. A cheese factory in Home township. Banks. — The State Bank of Kansas, Seneca ; Sabetha Exchange Bank, Sabetha, the aggregate capital of the two being $57,877.30. Business Bouses of Principal Town. — Agricultural implements, 3; books, peri- odicals and stationery, 2; boots and shoes, 4; clothes and tailoring, 1; confectionery, 1; dry goods, 6; drugs, oils and paints, 2; furniture and upholstery, 1; groceries, 1; bardware, 3; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 2; lumber, 2; saddles and harness, 2. Newspapers. — The Courier., Seneca, and the Adtiance, Sabetha; weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 77; school houses, 74; value of school Tjuildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $70,553; parochial school (Catholic), at Seneca. Churches. — ^Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 33, church ediflces 1, val- uation $2,200. Congregational: Organizations 6, membership 220, church ediflces 3, valuation $11,800. Baptist: Organizations 4, membership 180, church ediflces 1, valuation $2,500. Methodist: Organizations 4, membership 405, church ediflces 2, valuation $6,600. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 6. Catholic: Organi- zations 5, membership 675, church edifices 1, valuation] $2,000. Universalis^: Or- ganizations 1, membership 25, church ediflces 1, valuation $9,800. Libraries. — Of 14 townships, three report five public libraries, with 3,300 volumes, and 48 private, with 5,242 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Glarden produce marketed, $395; poultry and eggs sold, $3,659. pounds of wool produced, 3,968. Prices of unoccupied land range from $3.50 to $12 per acre. NEOSHO COUNTY. Organized in 1864. Named for the Neosho river, one of the principal streams -of Southern Kansas. The name was given the stream by the Osage tribe of In- dians. Square miles, 576. Population to square mile, 19.22. Population in 1860, «8; in 1870, 10,206: increase in ten years, 10,118; population in 1875, 11,076: in- ■crease in five years, 870: increase in fifteen years, 10,988. 214 State Board of Ageicultdre. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TOWNSHrPS AND Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. U/i-o Townships and *^°^- ! Cities. Pop. 755 58-3 685 1,S80 719 51.3 146 771 915 448 794 Chetopa Tliayer City Erie 1,113 944 Osage Missiou Missiou .. Sliiloli 52.3 Tioga Chanute - Walnut Grove 993 MAP OF NEOSHO COUNTY. KANSAS, 1875. ■K^Xl iL.L.&G.K.E.Lands Q .GoveEttmeajLanda N'atimty.—Born in the United States, 10,188; in Germany, 134; in Ireland, 303; ia England and Wales, 80; in Scotland, 37; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 98;. in France, 25; in North of Europe, 8; in Italy, 1; in South of Europe, 33; in British. America, 170; in countries not specified, 5. 5(sx.— Males, 5,883; females, 5,193. Fourth Annual Report. 2W WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 10 64 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New York 38 16 1,468 76 145 West Virginia fi Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe... Other South of Europe... British America 154 California Colorado 23 16 6 11 3,061 1,48a 815 237 1 2 24 28 IIT 16 13 Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky North Carolina 5 12 Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island 521 2 141 1 11 3 61 Louisiana South Carolina 2 5 Maine Maryland Massachusetts Tennessee Texas Vermont 31 32 14 4S n 1 It Michigan Born In Kansas, 3,201; not otherwise stated, 13. Occupation. — There are 1,978, or 73.3 per cent., engagea m Agriculture; 342, or 13.1 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 167, or 6.1 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 246, or 9 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Erie, the county seat, is 103 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southerly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 20 per cent. ; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 9 per cent.; prairie, 91 per cent. Average width of bottoms, about 3i miles; general surface of the country, undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-half mile. Varieties : black wal- nut, oak, Cottonwood, hackberry, elm, hickory, pecan and maple. ' Principal Streams. — The Neosho river enters the county on the northwest cor- ner, and traverses the county in a southeasterly direction. Tributaries on the east. Vegetarian, Big Creek, Canville, Four- Mile, Flat Rock and Walnut, all running southwest; on the west. Village, Turkey, Elk and Augustus, running southeast. On the east side of the county, Labette creek runs nearly due south. Chetopa and Big Hill creeks are in the southwestern corner of the county. The county is not well supplied with springs; good well water is obtained at a depth of 30 feet. Coal. — Coal has been discovered, underlying 10 per cent, of the area of the county. Thickness, 18 inches; quality, good; used mainly for domestic purposes. Mines near Thayer are worked. Lieut.-Gov. M. J. Salter states that there has been mined during the past year in section 6, township 30, range 18, 63,500 tons. It sells for $3.50 per ton; bituminous. It is also found in sections 7, 8, 9, and 16. Building Stone, etc. — A good quality of stone abounds in every township. Va- rieties: blue and yellow limestone and sandstone. Traces of lead have been found in one township. Railroad Connections. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad enters the county near the northwestern corner, and traverses its entire extent in a southeasterly di- rection. A branch of the same road, extending from Parsons, Kansas, to Sedalia, Missouri, via Fort Scott, runs in a northeasterly direction across the southeastern portion of the county. The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad trav- erses the entire extent of the county from north to south, nearly through the centre of the western tiu- of townships. Principal stations on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas: Chanute, TJrbana, Galesburgh and Ladore; on its branch road, Osage Mis- sion. On the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston: Chanute, Earlton and Thayer. Agricultural Statistics.— A.cies in the county, 868,640; taxable acres, :57,910; under cultivation, 137,731.45; cultivated to taxable acres, 38.47 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 66,047.45. 216 ;;tati: Eoaed of Agriculture. ACREAGE, AVERAOE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bii. Spring Wheat bu. Corn 1)U. Barley bu. Oats - bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes. Jrish hu. Sweet PotatOL'S bu. Sorahuni gall. Castor BL-;ins bu. Cotton B)8. Flax -- bu. Tobacco B>8. Broom Corn lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons 10,960.00 261.20 8.00 50,111.00 2.00 4,.304.00 .342.25 8.54.33 62.18 950.82 3,591.66 115.67 2,661.60 11.71 125.07 1,138.50 99,50 11.00 22,517.00 < 2 5^ 17.00 17.00 12.00 42.00 22.00 32.00 20.00 150.00 160.00 100.00 15.00 75,00 8.00 690.00 780 00 2.75 1.00 2.75 1.25 186.320 4,440 96 2,104,662 44 137,728 6.845 128.149 9.949 95,082 53.873 8,875 21,293 8,121 97,555 3,131 99 80 28,146 $ .95 .60 .70 .27 1,25 ,2214 .85 ,37^2 1 05 ,35 1.05 ,08 1A2X ,07 ,05 3,50 6,00 5.50 3,00 H D BO J O S17T,004,00 2,664,00 67 20 568,2,58 74 55,00 30.988.80 5,818.25 48,0.55,87 10,446,45 33.278.70 56..566,65 694,00 23.954 63 668,47 4,877,75 10,958 60 694,00 165,00 84,438.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870,30 lbs.; in 1875, 3,094 lbs.: in- crease, 2,064 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1S70, 59,025 lbs.; in 1875, 187,721 lbs.: increase, 128,696 lbs. Farm Animals.— Number of horses in 1870, 1,981; in 1875, 4,008: increase, 2,027. Mules and asses in 1870, 315; in 1875, 515: increase, 300. Cattle in 1870, 7,846; in 1875, 13,431: increase, 4,575. Sheep in 1870, 1,712; in 1875, 2,242: increase, 530. Swine in 1870^,3,700; in 1875, 4,667: increase, 1,967. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,701; number of sheep killed by dogs, 146; value of sheep killed by dogs, $340.18. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 17; value of sheep killed by wolves, |39.61. Horticvlture. — Acres of nurseries, 38.23; orchards, 3,545.96; vineyards, 40.18. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 109; pounds of honey, 376;wax, 47. Fences.— ^ione, 1,941 rods; cost, |5,580.37. Rail, 338,184 rods; cost, $443,048.40. Board, 37,466 rods; cost, $32,959.20. Wire, 35,700 rods; cost, $28,560. Hedge, 310,035 rods; cost, $98,711.75. Total rods of fence, 603,316; total cost, $608,859.72. Herd Law. — The herd law has been in force for the last three years throughout the county. A reporter writes: "It enhances the grain growing interest and diminishes stock raising; for the last two years I think it has been detrimental to the county." Water Powers. — The Neosho river affords good natural facilities, which have not yet been largely taken advantage of. One dam has been built, and another is be- ing constructed. Manufactures. — Canville township, water-power flouring mill. At Chanute, one brewery, two steam saw mills. City of Osage Mission, two steam flouring mills, two elevators and one saw mill. Mission township, one cheese factory. Centreville township, one water-power flouring mill. Lincoln township, one steam flouring and saw mill and one steam saw mill. Tioga township, one flouring mill. Erie town- ship, two flouring mills, one flouring and saw mill, one saw mill, one shingle factory. Banks. — Neosho County Savings Bank, Osage Mission; banking house of M. Bailey & Co., Chanute, and C. T. Ewing, Thayer; the total capital being $19,400. Newspapers. — There are three weekly newspapers: Times, published at Chanute; Journal, at Osage Mission; Headlighi, at Thayer. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 93; school houses, 90; value of school FoTTUTH Annual Report. 217 buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $86,234; parochial schools at La- hore and Osage Mission; Industrial school for boys at Osage Mission, conducted by the Jesuit Fathers; parish school for girls at same place, conducted by Sisters of Loretto. C/jMrcAes.— Presbyterian: Organizations 4, membership 90, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Baptist; Organizations 4, membership 150, church edifices 3, valuation $2,800. United Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 22, Meth- odist: Organizations 26, membership 1,123, church edifices 2, parsonages 2, valua- tion $7,800. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 15, church edifices 1, valua- tion $1,000. Catholic: Organizations 6, membership 3,495, church edifices 1, valuation $20,000. Libraries.— Rej^oTts from seven townships give one public library, containing ■220 volumes, and 70 private libraries, containing 5,900 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Migcellaneous. —GarAen produce marketed, $2,988.50; poultry and eggs sold, $4,327.95; pounds of wool produced 6,370. Wages.— Farm laborers, per month, with board, $12 to $18; laborers in cities or •on public improvements, per day, $1.25 to $1.75; carpenters, per day, $3.50 to $3; house painters, per day, $3 to $3; wagon maimers, per day, $1.50 to $2; black- smiths, per day, $1.50 to S3.50; shoemakers, per day, $1.50 to $2; harness makers, per day, $1 to $3.50; tailors, per day, $2 to $3; clerks, per month, $50 to $75; tinners, per day, $1.50 to $3. Vacant lands range from $1.25 to $4 per acre. NORTON COUNTY. Organized in 1873. Named in honor of Orloff Norton, Captain of Company L, "Fifteenth Kansas Cavalry, who was killed November 11th, 1864, at Cane Hill, Arkansas. Square miles, 900. Population to square mile, .99. Population in 1875, 899. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Almina 310 Centre 340 Solomon 249 Nativity. — Bom in the United States, 844; in Germany, 16; in Ireland, 6; in England and Wales, 6; in Scotland, 2; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 6; in British America, 19. Sex. — Males, 524; females, 375. WHERE FROM TO KANS.iS. California Illinois 41 301 10 29 9 B7 Nebraska 128 New York 9 Dist. of Columbia and the Territoties Germany... Sweden, Norway and Den- mark British America 1 Indiana Iowa Kentucky Michigan Ohio - 12 Pennsylvania 13 Tennessee 2 Texas 2 Vermont 2 Wisconsin 50 1 1 Missoari 218 State Board of Ageicitlttjee. Born in Kansas, 66; not otherwise stated, 6. Occupation. — There are 337, or 94.8 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 4, or 1.6 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 1, or .4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 8, or 8.2 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. MAP OF NORTON COUNTY, KANSAS, 1ST5. L^ GoT.emmeiitLanj^ County Seat. — Norton, the county seat, is 230 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 8 per cent. ; upland, 93 per cent. ; forest, 1 per cent. ; prairie, 99 per cent. Timber. — A mere fringe along some of the streams. Varieties; elm, willow and Cottonwood, Fourth Annual Repoet. 2W- Principal Streams. — Solomon river flows east. Prairie Dog and Sappo creeks from southwest to northeast. The county is moderately well supplied with springs; the- depth at which well water is reached ranges from 10 to 75 feet. Coal. — "W. B. Rogers, of Norton, states that there is coal in township 1, range 35, and in township 5, range 24, in veins of 18 inches, and at a depth of from 10 to 20- feet. A small quantity has been mined for local use. Building Stone, etc. — Good limestone found in the southeast corner of the county;, sandstone in the other portions of the county, but usually not fit for building. Bai roads. — None in the county. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 576,000; taxable acres, 3,820; under cultivation, 4,799.50; cultivated to taxable acres, 125.63 percent.; increase of cultivated acres during the year, 1,643.50. . ACEEAQE, AVEBAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. B M 5^ & a P iJ o o? BrsniEBS, Whsre Located. POTBR. Capital " Invjssted. Tlonr manufactory Flour manufactory Lumber manufactory Lumber manufactory Lumber nmnufactory _. Lumber manufactory Pottery manufactory Stoves and Tinware manufactory "Wagon manufactory Minneapolis . Delpboe Uinneapolls . Selphos Bennington.. Culver Culver Minneapolis . Minneapolis . Water. Water. Water. "Water. Water. Water. Water- Steam. $25,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 7,000 4,000 8,000 1,000 3,000 OTHER STATISTICS OF OTTAWA COUNTY. ^AUE AND KIND OP BUSINESS. K a e Q H o a Najss Airo KIND as Business. Oh«" ° >< u o S rJ B JOB Agricultural Implements and Wagons Books and Periodicals and Stationery Boots and Shoes Clothing and Tailoring ■Confectionery _ Dry Groods Drugs, Oils and Paints Furniture and Upholstery Groceries Ounsmitha $75,000 2,000 .30,000 20,000 3,000 99,500 9,003 1,500 125,000 Hardware Hats and Caps .Tewelry, Clocks, Watches, etf-. . Lumber.. Music and Musical Instruments _ Millinery __. fiueen-'ware addles and Harness Sewing Machines $10,150 4,000 l.IOfl 10,000 15,000 2,5IJ0 65,000 8,000 2,500 230 State Board of Agriculture. Newspapers. — The Independent and Sentinel, at Minneapolis; both weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 57; school houses, 36; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $33,457. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 4, membership 47, church edifices 3, valuation $3,500. Baptist: Organizations 3, membership 138. Methodist: Organ- izations 11, membership 350, one parsonage, valuation $350. Episcopal: Mem- bership 5. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 800. Universalist: Organiza- tions 1, membership 30, church edifices 1, valuation $1,300. Libraries. — There are 19 private libraries, having 1,618 volumes, reported from one township. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $36.50; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $1,045.40; pounds of wool produced, 7,519. TTog'es.— Farm laborers, per month, with board, $13 to $15; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1 to $1.50; carpenters, per day, $3.50 to $3; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $3.50 to $3; house painters, per day, $3 to $3.50; wagon makers, per day, $3 to $3; blacksmiths, per day, $3 to $3.50; shoe- makers, per day, $3 to $3.50; tailors, per day, $3; printers, per day, $1.50 to $3.50; printers, per 1,000 ems, 30c. ; clerks, per month, $15 to $30; tinners, per day, $3. Vacant lands range from $3 to $10 per acre. PAWNEE COUNTY. Organized in 1873. Named for the Pawnee Indians, the original hunting grounds of which once-powerful tribe embraced that county, as they did almost all of West- ern Kansas. Square miles, 756. Population to square mile, 1.33. Population in 1870, 179; population in 1875, 1,006: increase in five years, 837. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. TowKsmps AND Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Garfield 144 Lamed 636 Pawnee 826 Nativity. — Born in the United States, 856; in Germany, 33; in Ireland, 14; in England and Wales, 15; in Scotland, 3; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 11; in South of Europe, 75; in British America, 9. Sex. — ^Males, 546; females, 460. WHEEE FROM TO KANSAS. California 1 Michigan 20 Wisconsin 13 Colorado. 8 Minnesota 7 Dist. of Colnmhia and the Connecticut 1 Missouri 69 Territories 11 Georgia 1 New Jersey 1 Germany 2 Illinois 349 New York.... 27 Ireland 1 Indiana 32 Ohio 92 England and Wales 1 Iowa -- 105 Pennsylvania . . 39 Sweden, Norway and Den- Kentucky.- - -. 21 Rhode Island __ 2 mark V 36 1 2 Tennessee Vermont Virginia 6 2 9 South of Europe 7.1 Maryland British America ? Massachusetts Born in Kansas, 70. Occupation. — There are 303, or 67.9 per cent. , engaged in Agriculture; 38, or 13.7 Fourth Annual Report. 231 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 26, or 8.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 32, or 10.7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. MAP OF PAWNEE COXJNTT. KANSA8, 1875. S s t^, n Pp' p. rr s It" >4 a Vi r " » County Seat. — Larned, the county seat, is 194 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. 232 State Boakd of Agriculture. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 25 per cent.; upland, 75 per cent.; forest, 1 per cent.; prairie, 99 per cent. Average width of bottoms, four miles; general sur- face of the uplands, gently undulating. Timber. — There is no timber on the Arkansas, and very little on Pawnee fork. "Varieties: elm, ash and box elder, principally. Principal Streams. — The Arkansas river runs northeast through the south half of the county. Pawnee fork runs nearly east, emptying into the Arkansas at Larned. The county is well supplied with springs; well water is obtained at a depth of from 6 to 34 feet. Coal. — None has been discovered. Building Stone, etc. — Sandstone is found in abundance on Pawnee fork; has been tested and reported of good quality. Fire and pottery clay are also said to have been found on the Pawnee fork. Railroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Kailroad runs through the county from northeast to southwest, following the course of the Arkansas. Sta- tions, Larned and Garfield. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 483,840; taxable acres, 320,019; under cultivation, 4,539.50; cultivated to taxable acres, 3.05 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 3,077.50. ACKKAGB, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CEOPS. CROPS. PS H 11 h3 O Winter Wheat — bu. Rye - bu. Spring Wheat hu. Com bu. Barley - - - bu. Oats - bu. Buckwheat .-. — bu Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes _ bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans _..bu. Cotton lbs. Flax bu, Tobacco ,_ lbs, Broom Com B)s, Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons 748.00 94.00 4.00 3,659.50 124.00 565.75 1.00 64.50 4.75 13.50 5.00 26.50 9.00 84.00 7.00 9.00 lao.oo 15.00 18.00 12.00 35.00 20.00 22.00 14.00 75.00 135.00 90.00 10.00 7.00 500.00 1.67 .75 1.50 .75 11,220 1,692 48 93,082 2,480 12,226 14.00 4,837 641 1,215 60 $ .98 .58 .80 .26 1.00 .40 1 00 .50 1.05 185 4,500 140 5 13 90 .05 6.00 10.00 9.00 6.00 $ 10,993.60 981.36 38 40 23,270.50 3,050.40 4,279.10 14.00 1,934.89 641.00 607.50 52.50 175.75 225.00 840.00 50.00 117.00 540.00 Crop Experiencb. — Statement of Ed. E. Bonnell, of Larned: County, new. Thus far we have been able to produce only sod crops. Acreage of fall wlieat small, 748 acres, which yielded from 15 to 20 bushels per acre. Barley, drilled on sod broken after the grasshopper raid last fall, averaged 20 bushels per acre, of good quality. Spring wheat, drilled on sod, averaged 13 bushels per acre; quality good. 1 broke sod during the month of March and first days of April, which I harrowed twice over and drilled to oats on the 12th day of April, which yielded 23 bushels per acre, extra quality. The kind of oats sown were of the barley variety. Sod com, yielded an average of 20 bushels per acre; quality, good. The acreage of fall wheat sown this fall is at least 400 per cent, above that of last fall, which looks exceedingly well. Soil,& black, sandy loam, matted with bufi'alo grass. Dairy Products — Butter manufactured in 1875, 7,095 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1875, 230. Mules and asses, in 1875, 60. Cattle, in 1875, 588. Sheep, in 1875, 1,561. Swine, in 1875, 23. FouKTH Annual Eepoet. 233 Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 103; number of sheep killed by dogs, 2; Talue of sheep killed by dogs, $4.66. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 15; value of sheep killed by wolves, $34.95. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 2; orchards, 33. i?'«race«.— Hedge, 3,840 rods; cost, $3,304. Total rods of fence, 3,840; total cost, $3,304. Water Powers. — There is good power on Pawnee fork, not yet utilized. Manufactures. — Nothing reported. Banks. — No banks in the county. Newspapers. — The Larned Press, published weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 11; school buildings, 1; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $650. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 35. Baptist: Organiza- tions 1, membership 77. Methodist: Organizations 1, membership 40. Catholic: Organizatioi^s 3, membership 300. Libraries. — 590 volumes, in six private libraries, are all reported from this county. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $135; poultry and eggs sold, during the year, $1,383; pounds of wool produced 3,340. Prices of unoccupied land range from $3 to $7 per acre. PHILLIPS COUNTY. Organized in 1873. Named in honor of William Phillips, a prominent Free State citizen of Leavenworth, who was killed in that city September 1st, 1856, during the political troubles of those times. Square miles, 900. Population to square mile, 3.13. Population in 1875, 3,813. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHHPS AND CITIES. Townships anb Cities. Pop. TOTTirSHIPS AND Cities. Pop. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. Crystal 192 191 266 Kirwin ^ 674 422 Logan Phillipsburg Plnm 385 Solomon Nativity.— Bovnm the United States, 3,563; in Germany, 81; in Ireland, 30; in England and "Wales, 43; in Scotland, 11; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 12 in France, 4; in South of Europe, 4; in British America, 66. Sex.— Males 1,546; females, 1,267. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas 7 Colorado 6 Connecticut 4 Georgia _-- 8 Illinois --- 307 Indiana 68 Iowa 917 Kentucky 1 Louisiana 1 Maine 15 Maryland 1 MassaciiusettB 7 Michigan 75 Minnesota 18 Mississippi 1 Missouri 310 Nebraska 254 New Hampstiire 1 New York 113 North Carolina 2 Ohio 65 Oregon 8 Pennsylvania 30 Texas 1 Vermont ; 11 West Virginia 8 Wisconsin 194 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 7 Germany 12 Ireland 1 England and Wales 8 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 3 British America 16 234 State Boaed of Agricultuke. Bom in Kansas, 339. Occupation.— There are 674, or 86.5 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 32, or 4.1 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 20, or 2.5 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 53, or 6.8 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County 5ea<.— Phillipsburg, the county seat, is 200 miles in an air line from To- peka, in a northwesterly direction. MAP OP PHILLIPS COUNTY, KANSAS, 187S. (ioverninPntLiindB Face ofth£ Country .—Bottom land, 15 per cent. ; upland, '85 per cent. ; forest, 2 per cent; prairie, 98 per cent. Average width of bottoms, li miles; general surface of the country, undulating, with limestone bluffs on the southern bank of streams. Timber.— Average width of timber belts, one-eighth mile. Varieties: cotton- wood, black walnut, box elder and white ash. Fourth Annual Report. 235 Principal Streams. — The north fork of the Solomou enters the county near the southwest corner, and flows nearly Idirectly east through the south part of the county. Deer creek runs through the central part of the county from west to east; it is about 85 miles in length and has numerous tributaries, affording excellent water the entire year. There are some springs on the hillsides, but they are mainly confined to the banks of the streams. Goal. — None has been discovered. Building Stone, etc. — Good lime-.tone is found in almost all parts of the county, suitable for building purposes and for the manufacture of lime; pottery clay has been found on Deer creek and its tributaries. Bailroad Connections. — No railroads have yet been built in the county. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 576,000; taxable acres, 19,557; under cultivation, 16,698.69; cultivated to taxable acres, 85.41 percent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 5,250.69. ACEBAGB, AVBHAGB YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bn. Rye liu. Spring Wheat bu. Corn ,..^.,... f-bu. Barley - .— ..'--bn. Oata bu. Buckwheat bu. PotatoeB, Irish - bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans bn. Flax l-...bu. Hemp ...2:1 lbs. Broom Com it Bib. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy --...' tons Clover tons 65.00 408.25 5,921.60 8,309.00- 283.00 1,154.75 8.25 135.94 38 155. TO 6.12 2.75 .50 7.25 120.75 10.25 5.25 17.00 18.00 12.00 40.00 22.00 25.00 14.00 100.00 145.00 115.00 14.00 8 500.00 720.00 3.25 1.00 2.00 1,105 7.348 71,068 , ,332,360 .' '6,226 28,869 115 13,594 55 17,911 250 5,220 272 10 10 .4d .20 1.15 .19 .75 .22 .80 .45 1.00 .80 .55 .04 6.00 5.00 5.00 5g < OS $ 696 15 2,939.20 28,423.20 66,472.00 7,159.90 5,485.11 86.25- 2,990.68 44 OO 8,059.95 86.00 17.00 137.50 208.80 1,632.00 60.00 50.00 ^ Dairy Products. — ChSese manufactured in 1875, 400 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 18,082 lbs. Farm AnimMs. — Number of horses in 1875, 837. Mules' and asses in 1875, 152. Cattle in 1875, 2,481. Sheep in 1875, 104. Swine in 1875, 849. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 370; number of sheep killed by dogs, 1; value of sheep killed by dogs, $2.33. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 8; value of sheep killed by wolves, $8.99. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 1.25; orchards, 29.75; vineyards, 1.75. Fences.— B,aX\, 2,707 rods; cost, $3,992.82. Board, 1,380 rods; cost, $1,932. Wire, 400 rods; cost, $320. Hedge, 720 rods; cost, $396. Total rods of fence, 5,207; total cost, $6,640.82. Water Powers. — The north fork of the Solomon, and Prairie Dog creek, both afford excellent powers. As yet but two have been improved, supplying a flouring mill at Kirwin, and a saw mill at Logan. Manufactures. — ^In addition to the mills mentioned above, there is a steam mill at Phillipsburg, capital $1,500. Kirwin township, one steam saw and grist mill, one water-power grist mill. Logan township, one water-power saw and grist mill. Banks. — There are no banks in this county. Newspapers. — The Kirwin Chief, published weekly at Kirwin. 236 State Board of Agriotjltttre. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 43; school houses, 20j value of school buildings and grounds, furniture, etc., $8,326. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, memberships. Congregational: Or- ganizations 1, membership 7. Baptist: Organizations 2, membership 101. Metho- dist: Organizations 7, membership 150. Catholic: Organizations 2, membership 50. Libraries. — No returns. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $1.50 ; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $60; pounds of wool produced, 2^7. Vacant lands range from $1.50 to $4.50 per acre. POTTAWATOMIE COUNTY. Organized in 1856. Named for the Pottawatomie tribe of Indians, whose reser- vation at the opening of Kansas Territory for settlement, and for many years after- wards, embraced a large portion of the lands of the county. Square miles, 848. Population to square mile, 12.22. Population in 1860, 1,529; in 1870, 7,848: increase in ten years, 6,319; population in 1875, 10|,344: increase in five years, 2,496: increase in fifteen years, 8,815. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Belvue 409 t)60 776 714 735 Bltte . . 591 383 990 1,0T6 515 Centre ._ 719 Clear Creek Emmet Greene 300 Louisville Mill Creek Pottawatomie 1,085 Eock Creek Shannon Vienna St. George 375 St. Mary's , Wamego 1,016 -Born in the United States, 8,443; in Germany, 648; in Ireland, 359; in England and "Wales, 165; in Scotland, 56; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 342; in France, 67; in North of Europe, 18; in Italy, 1; in South of Europe, 44; in British America, 195; in countries not specified, 6. 5ea!.— Males, 5,393; females, 4,951. WHERE PEOM TO KANSAS. Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Georgia 9 15 14 10 8 33 1,467 876 749 72 16 ?4 92 49 256 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey .— 30 12 .... 871 .... 46 .... 19 11 Vermont ^... Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. of Columhia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other Southof Europe British America 17 50 47 271 27 .. 294 ovi North Carolina 20 44 Iowa Kestuoky Louisiana Maine Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island .... 576 2 .... 490 2 63 31 176 Maryland Massachusetts Michigan South Carolina Tennessee Texas 7 .... 77 6 7 23 103 Born in Kansas, 3,053; not otherwise stated, 30. Occupation. — There are 1,935, or 74.8 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 316, or 12 2 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 126, or 4.8 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 210, or 8.1 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining FouKTH Annual Report. 237 MAP OP POTTAWATOMIE COrraTY, KANSAS, 1S7B. County Sea*. —Louisville, the county seat, is 37 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a westerly direction. Face of the Country. — ^Bottom land, 35 per cent.; upland, 75 per cent.-, forest, 4 per cent. ; prairie, 96 per cent. Average width of bottoms — of the creeks, one 288 State Boakd of Agriculture. mile; of the Kansas and Blue rivers, tliree miles; general surf ace of the country, bluflfy along the Blue, remainder undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-quarter mile. Varieties: burr oak, black walnut, elm (white and slippery), white hickoiy (or pignut), sycamore, Cot- tonwood, honey locust, and some willow. Principal Streams. — Kansas river, flowing east. Big Blue river, flowing nearly south. Tributaries of the Kansas — all flowing south or southeast — are Black Jack, Pleasant run, Rock creek, and a great number of smaller streams falling into the last two named. The Bed "Vermillion river enters the county on the northeast, and flows in a southwesterly direction, emp'ying Into the Kansas. Tributaries of the Big Blue, Spring creek, with numerous branches. Shannon, Carnahan, Mclntyre and Cedar creeks, all flowing in a west or southwest direction. Springs are numerous, except in. the river bottoms ; and good well water is obtained at a depth of from ten to forty feet. Coal. — O. Leroy Sedgwick, of St. Mary's, reports a ten inch vein of coal, in town- ships 7, 8 and 10, of range 12, of which a few tons have been mined during the past year, selling at 20 cents per bushel. Building Stone, etc. — Limestone abundant everywhere, except in the Kansas valley. Rail/road Connections. — The Kansas Pacific Railway runs through the county, following the Kansas valley. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 542;720; taxable acres, 361,067; under cultivation, 87,380.13; cultivated to taxable acres, 24.20 percent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 24,128.13. ACKEAGB, AVERAGB YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat Rye Spring Wheat Corn , Barley Oats Buckwheat Potatoes, Irish Sweet Potatoes Sorgham Castor Beans Cotton Flax Tobacco Broom Corn Millet and Hungarian. Timothy Clover Prairie _. ..bu. ..Im. ..bu. ..bu. .-bu. ..bu. ..bu —bu, ..bu -gall. ..bu, --fl)S. -bu ..lbs. ..lbs. .tons .Ions .tons .tons 6,663.50 3.64:5. &3 8.844 50 33.953.75 2,125.25 10,57 .60 106.50 575.72 24.11 407 50 7.75 163.12 1.25 30 00 1,322.25 90.75 27.50 12,773 25 5^ 17.00 17.00 10.00 40.00 24.00 35.00 19 00 90 00 150.00 110.00 15.00 9 00 670.00 750.00 2.75 1.25 2.50 1.25 106.616 61.945 88,445 1,358,150 51,006 370,286 2,023 61,815 3,616 44,825. 116 1,468 8:J7 22,500 3,636 113 69 15,967 $ .99 .60 .80- .24 1.24 i .25 ■ .85' .30 1.00 .60 1.10 1.06 .08 .07 6.50 7.00" 6 50 3.25 .in" $105,109.88 37,167.00 70,756.00 325 956.00 6:i,247.44 92,571.50 1,619.55 15,544.60 3.616 00 22,412.50 127.60 1,556.08 66 96 1,575.00 23,634.00 791.00 448.50 51,892.75 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 2,670 lbs.; in 1875, 1,078 lbs.: decrease, 1,592 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870,152,423 lbs.; in 1875, 214,905 lbs.: increase, 62,483 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1870, 3,404; in 1875, 5,930: increase, 2,526. Mules and asses, in 1870, 168; in 1875, 452: increase, 284. Cattle, in 1870, 9,561; in 1875, 19,705: increase, 10,144. Sheep, in 1870, 3,346; in 1875, 3,418: increase, 72. Swine, in 1870, 3,451; in 1875, 4,737: increase, 1,276. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,907; number of sheep killed by dogs, S3; value of sheep killed by dogs, $191. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 26- value of sheep killed by wolves, |60.58. 240 State Board of Agriculture. Horticulture. Acres of nurseries, 19.50; orchards, 1,038.25; vineyards, 46. 12. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 49; pounds of honey, 70; wax, 23. Fences— BUme, 25,224 rods; cost, $56,754. Rail, 209,892 rods; cost, $383,354.20. Board, 73,169 rods; cost, $117,070.40. Wire, 30,800 rods; cost $24,640. Hedge, 30,083 rods; cost, $15,041.50. Total rods of fence, 369,168; total cost, $496,860.10. Water Powers. — Good powers are furnished by the Big Blue, Rock creek. Red Vermillion and Darnell creek, a branch of Rock creek. Several of these have been utilized. . (See "Manufactures") Manufactures. — Rock Greek township, water-power saw and flouring mill, capital $2,000. Mill Creek township, water-power saw mill and steam saw mill, combined capital $1,400; one lime kiln. St. Mary's township, steam flouring mill, capital $10,000. Centre township, two siteam saw mills and water-power flouring mill, combined, capital $18,000. Blue' township, water-power flouring mills on the Blue, capital $150,000. Louisville township, water-power flouring mill, capital $25,000. Wamego township, steam saw mill, capital $4,500. Belvue township, steam grist mill, capital $5,000. City of Wamego, cigar factory. Pottawatomie township, one steam saw mill, one water-power grist mill. Banks. — Banking house of Mucke & Shortridge, Wamego. Business Houses of Principal Towns. — City of Louisville: drugs, oils and paints, 1; hardware, 1; general country store, 1; saddle and harness, 1; all other mercantile pursuits not herein mentioned, 2. City of Wamego: Agricultural implements and wagons, 1; books, periodicals and stationery, 2; boots and shoes, 1; clothing and tailoring, 2; confectionery, 1 ; drygqpds, 5; groceries, 5; gunsmith, 1; hardware, 1; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 1; lumber, 2; millinery, 3; saddles and harness, 1; bakery, 1; brickyard, 1. St. Mary's township: Confectionery, 1; drugs, oils and paints, 2; groceries, 1; lumber, 1; saddles and harness, 1; general country stores,6; all other mercantile pursuits not herein mentioned, 7. Newspapers. — The Wamego Blade, Wamego, Kansas Reporter, Louisville; and St. Mary's Times, St. Mary's, all published weekly. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 87; school houses, 79; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $43,126. St. Mary's College, under the charge of the Jesuit Fathers; an academy and parochial school for young ladies, conducted by the ladies of the Sacred Heart; a parochial school for boys — all at St. Mary's Mission. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 93, church edifices 1, valuation $4,000. Congregational: Organizations 7, membership 141, church edi- fices 2, valuation $5,000. Baptist: Organizations 4, membership 215, church edifices 1, valuation $2,000. United Presbyterians: Organizations 2, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $400. Msthodist: Organizations 3, membership 262. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 8. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 2,250, church edifices 3, valuation $20,000. Libraries. — ^Four townships of the fifteen report 85 private libraries, containing 3,220 volumes. Lands. — ^The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $261; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $4,542.50; pounds of wool produced, 10,267, Prices of vacant land range from $1.25 to $6.50 per acre. Fourth Annual Report. 241 RENO COUNTY. Organized in 1872. Named in lionor of Jesse L. Reno, Capt. U. 8. A., and Maj.-Gen. of Volunteers, who was killed in battle, September 14th, 1862, at South Mountain, Mai'yland. Square miles, 1,260. Population to square mile, 4.05. Popu- lation in 1875, 5,112. POP tJLATIC N OF 1875. BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships akd Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships ahd ClIIBS. Fop. 307 336 340 1,040 463 334 304 411 372 Medford 319 Centre Langdon Reno -- 195 Clay Salt Creek 201 Grant Little River Troy 156 Valley 167 N^aiivity .—Bqia ia the United States, 4,477; in Germany, 91; in Ireland, 76; in England and "Wales, 146; in Scotland, 13; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 38; in France, 36; in North of Europe, 5; in Italy, 1; in South of Europe, 166; in British America, 74 /Sea;.— Males, 2,794; females, 2,318. WHERE PROM TO KANSAS. 1 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nehraska Nevada New Hampshire 55 33 .... 588 9 1 6 West Virginia in 16 110 California Colorado Connecticut Georgia TllinoiB 4 3 8 1 1,474 353 579 94 9 23 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe... Italy Other South of Europe... British America _ .. 5 w IB New Jersey ' . 10 m Indiana Iowa. Kentucky Louisiana New York . . 145 f. Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island .... 310 .... 140 3 6 ?0 Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia .... 112 5 9 22 3 Maryland Massachusetts Michigan- 7 37 179 1 156 31 Born in Kansas, 467; not otherwise stated, 5. Occupation.— There are 1,099, or 70.9 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 183, or 11.7 per cent;, in Professional and Personal service; 116, or 7.4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 151, or 9.7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County (Seai.— Hutchinson, the county seat, is 141 miles in an air line from To- peka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the CWrairj/.— Bottom land, 15 per cent.; upland, 85 per cent.; forest, 1 per cent. ; prairie, 99 per cent. The width of bottoms varies from one to ten miles; general surface of the country, gently undulating. Timber. — An inconsiderable amount on the streams. Principal Streams .—Great and Little Arkansas, Cow Creek, Ninnescah, Salt creek; general course of all, southeast. The county is well supplied with springs; well water obtained at a depth of from 10 to 50 feet. Coal. — None discovered. Building Stone, ete.—Gooi limestone in the central and northern parts of the county; also an abundance through the centre of the county from east to west. Salt springs and marshes have been discovered in the western part of the county, said to produce salt of good quality. An excellent quality of cement is. reported ten miles south of Hutchinson. 16 242 State Board of Ageiculture. MAP OF KENO COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. Fourth Annual Eepoet. 243 Railroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad runs through the county from southeast to northwest, following the valley of the Arliansas. Prin- cipal station, Hutchinson. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 806,400; taxable acres, 331,560; under cultivation, 35,793.13; cultivated to taxable acres, 16.18 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 17,897.13. ACREAGE, AVEEAGE YIELDS, PEODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bu. Spring Wheat ba. Com bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat __.bu. Potatoes, Irish _ ..._bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton , as. Plax bu Hemp fi)8. Tobacco lbs. Broom Corn lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy _ tons ClOTer tons Prairie .tons 8,190.16 1,088.26 1,201.50 21,958.50 478.75 4,975.25 17.50 230.40 29.41 203.12 78.50 2 50 265.50 1.00 8.00 144.89 41%25 ^00 3.12 320.00 1^ 20.00 20.00 11.00 40.00 22.00 32.00 16 00 175,00 170.00 110.00 15.00 100.00 8.00 00 00 700.00 2.50 1.00 2.00 1.25 CM 163,803 21,765 13,216 878,340 10,422 159,208 280 40,323 5,000 22,343 1,177 260 2,124 300 3,600 101,423 1,033 8 6 400 $ .90 .59 ■62>i .22K 1.14 .25 .80 .50 .80 .50 .90 .08 .90 .60 .06 .06% 6.00 8.00 6.00 3.75 "I a P PB H O < a $147,421.80 12,841.35 8,260.00 197,626.50 11,881.08 39,802.00 224.00 20,161.50 4.000.00 11,171.50 1,059.30 20.00 1,911.60 180.00 216 00 6,592.40 6,198.00 64.00 36.00 1,500.00 Bairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 100 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 40,405 lbs. Farm Animals. — ^Number of horses, in 1875, 1,410. Mules and asses, in 1875, 330. Cattle, in 1875, 3,739. Sheep, in 1875, 368. Swine, in 1875, 1,737. Bogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 413; number of sheep killed by dogs, 11; value of sheep killed by dogs, $35.63. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 7; value of sheep killed by wolves, $16.31. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 34.51 ; orchards, 308.85; vineyards, 11.50. if'e»c««.— Board, 340 rods; cost, $430. Hedge, 13,477 rods; cost $7,413.35. Total rods of fence, 13,717; total cost, $7,833.35. Herd Law. — The herd law has been in force ever since the organization of the county. A correspondent says: "The effect has been most salutary; we could not settle up this country without the herd law, or its equivalent." Water Powers.— Cow creek, at Hutchinsjn, is said to afford good power, but it has not been utilized. Manufactures. — Beno township, two brick factories. Banks. — Reno County Bank, Hutchinson. Mwspapers.—Th.e News and Examiner, published weekly, at Hutchinson. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 73; school houses, 60; value of school Tjuildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $51,808. Ohurclies. — Presbyterian: Organizations 4, membership 87, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Congregational: Organizations 1, membership 35. Baptist: Or- ganizations 3, membership 175. Methodist: Organizations 10, membership 200. Episcopal: Membership 7. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 230. libraries. — 17 private libraries, having 1,795 volumes, are reported in four town- .ships. 244 State Board of Agriculture. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $566.50; poultry and eggs sold, during the year, $1,438.50; pounds of -n-ool produced, 657. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $15 to $30; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1.50 to $2; carpenters, per day, $2 to $3;. bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $2.50 to $4; house painters, per day, $2 to- $3; wagon makers, per day, $2 to $3; blacksmiths, per day, $2.50 to S4; shoe- makers, per day, $2 to $3; harness makers, per day, $3 to |3; printers, per- day, $3.50 to $3.50; printers, per 1,000 ems, 40 to 60 cents; clerks, per month,, .'^15 to $50; tinners, per day, $3 to $3. Prices of unoccupied land range from $2 to $7 per acre, REPUBLIC COUNTY. Organized in 1868. Took its name from the Eepublican river, which extends through the county. The river was so named because, many years ago, the valley of that stream was the seat of the " Pawnee Republic," a designation given to a powerful division of the Pawnee tribe of Indians. Square miles, 720. Populatioa to square mile, 11.17. Population in 18T0, 1,381; population in 1875, 8,048: increase in five years, 6,767. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Albion 331 404 444 393 446 375 389 Beaver 246 340 475 401 364 371 316 Belleville 465 Elk Creek 410 521 365 Norway Richland 521 466 Washington White Rock Nativity. — Born in the United States, 6,715; in Germany, 180; in Ireland, 66; in England and Wales, 187; in Scotland, 77; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 431; in France, 4; in North of Europe, 2; in South of Europe, 318; in British America, 115;. in countries not specified, 3. Sea;.— Males, 4,390; females, 3,758. WHERE PROM TO KANSAS. 1 Minnesota -. Mississippi . 99 5 Virginia West Virginia 48 California 8 1 6 1,398 397 2,178 41 9 1 12 252 10 Colorado Delaware Illinois Indiana Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York .. 531 270 9 .... 227 Wisconsin Dist. or CJolumbia and the Territories Germany .._ England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark. South of Europe 492. 1 4 Iowa_ Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee ._ Texas 344 2 64 18 1 5 3S n 116 4» Michigan 34 Born in Kansas, 1,355; not otherwise stated, 16. Fourth Annual Eepoet. 245 bccupaiion. — There are 1,713, or 84,5 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 54, or 2.6 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 38, or 1.3 per cent., in Trade And Transportation; 381, or 11.4 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Belleville, the county seat, is 117 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a northwesterly direction. Iihce of the Country. — Bottom lands, 10 per cent.; upland, 90 per cent.; forest, 3 per cent. ; prairie, 97 per cent. Average width of bottoms — Republican river, two miles; creeks, one mile; general surface of the country, undulating. MAP OF REPUBUC COtTNTT, KAITSAS, 1875. aiV 3MV Government Lands HAND, MCNALLV i CO., ENc's, CHICAGO, Timber.— jLverage width of timber belts, 80 rods. Varieties: ash, box elder, oak, walnut, hackberry and Cottonwood. Principal Streams.— The Eepublican river enters the county at its northwestern corner, and traverses its entire extent in a southeastern direction. Mill and Rose creeks flow east into the Little Blue, White Rock flows northeast, and Beaver creek southeast into the Republican, West and Elk creeks flow south. There are numerous smaller streams, also an abundance of springs. Well water obtained at ,an average depth of 30 feet. (7oaZ,— Professor Mudge states that coal underlies the southern one-third of the county, near the surface, in veins of from 15 to 30 inches in thickness It is mined 246 State Board of Agriculture. to some extent for local use, and is valued at from $3 to $3 per ton at the mines;, lignite. Building Stone, etc. — Tlie county abounds in limestone; that of the western part is good, of the east rather a poor quality. There are several salt springs and one marsh, several thousand acres in extent, located in Grant township, in the southern, tier of townships; also a marsh in Beaver township, the extreme southwest town- ship of the county. Railroad Connections. — No railroads have yet been built in the county. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 460,800; taxable acres, 123,631;. under cultivation, 86,743.72; cultivated to taxable acres, 70,73 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 25,939.73. ACEEAQB, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PKINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bii. Spring Wieat bu. Com bu. Barley bu. Oata bu. Buckwheat - __bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans — bu. , Cotton lbs. Flax bu. Tobacco - lbs. Broom Corn fts. Millet and Hungarian _ tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie -- tone 4,337.00 4,810.25 28,755.58 23,512.00 2.988.28 5,354.16 12.50 576.95 1 24 342.21 3.25 1.60 955.00 3.25 54.43 248.25 85.50 2.75 13.88 17.00 20.00 15.00 40.00 24.00 30.00 18.00 115.00 140.00 115.00 15.00 .75 9.00 600.00 725.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.25 £ 73,729 86,205 402,578 940,480 71,719 160,625 225 66,349 174 39,354 49 112 8,595 1,950 39,462 621 85 7 1,735 Oh .65 .23 1.18 .22 85 .30 85 40 1. 10 .07 .85 .05 5.00 6.00 5.75 3.00 S 60,457.78 41,378.40 261,675.70 216,310.40 84,628.42 35,337.50 191.25 19,904.70 147.90 15,741.60 53.90 7.84 7,-305.75 146.25 1,973.10 3,105 00 510 00 40.25 5,205.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufacture"d in 1875, 3,375 lbs. .Butter manufactured in 1870, 13,790 lbs. ; in 1875, 117,365 lbs.: increase, 103,475 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1870, 463; in 1875, 3,103: increase, 3,640. Mules and asses in 1870, 61; in 1875, 308: increase, 347. Cattle in 1870, 1,039; in 1875, 6,050: increase, 5,011. Sheep in 1870, 335; in 1875, 1,056: increase, 731. Swine in 1870, 181; in 1875, 5,033: increase, 4,852. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,283; number of sheep killed by dogs, 16; value of sheep killed by dogs, $37.38. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 15.50; orchards, 343.68; vineyards, 16.50. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 1. Fences.— Qtone, 1,420 rods; cost, $3,372.50. Eail, 18,031 rods; cost, $36,144.95. Board, 3,195 rods; cost, $2,908.37. Wire, 2,100 rods; cost, $1,050. Hedge, 19,262 rods; cost, $9,631. Total rods of fence, 43,008; total cost, $43,106.83. Herd Law. — The herd law put in force in this county in June, 1875, but practi- cally in operation for two years before that time. A correspondent says the law is " very beneficial, in fact this county cannot get along without it." Water Powers. — According to our report, there are no water powers in the county,, except such as could be utilized at great labor and cost. Manufactures. — Scandia township, steam flouring mill, capital $20,000. There are salt works at the Marsh in Grant township, which turn out considerable quan- tities of salt, of good quality. Grant township, one steam grist mill, one steam grist and saw mill. Fourth Annual Report. 247 Banks. — There are no banks in this county. Business JSbiiaes of Principal Town. — City of Belleville: Agricultural implements and wagons, 2; dry goods, 4; drugs, oils and paints, 2; furniture and upholstery, 3; hardware, 1; lumber, 3; millinery, 1; general country stores, 3; saddles and har- ness, 1 ; all other mercantile pursuits not herein mentioned, 2. Newspapers. — The Telescope and Republic, both published weekly at Belleville. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 101; school houses, 70; value of school buildings and grounds,, furniture and apparatus, $89,497. Okurches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 59, church edifices 2, val- uation $3,500. Baptist: Organizations 3, membership 75. Methodist: Organiza- tions 10, membership 300, church edifices 2, valuation $2,500. Episcopal: Mem- bership 4. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 190. Lutheran: Organizations 2, membership 31, church edifices 2, valuation $3,500. Xifiraries. —Thi-ee townships of the 20 report 26 private libraries, having 1,093 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $480; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $1,762.37; pounds of wool produced, 3,358. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $12 to $15; caipenters, per day, $2.to $3; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $2 to $3.50; house painters, per day, $2.50; wagon makers, per day, $3; blacksmiths, per day, $2.50; shoemaker's, per day, $2 to $3; printers, per day, $2.50; clerks, per month, $30 to |50; tinners, per day, $2.50 to $3. Prices of unoccupied land range from $2.50 to $6 per acre. RICE COUNTY. Organized in 187J . Named in honor of Samuel A. Eice, Brig.-Gten. U. S. Volun- teers; killed April 30, 1864, at Jeakin's Ferry, Arkansas. Square miles, 720. Pop- ulation to square mile, 3.40. Population in 1870, 5; population in 1875, 2,453: increase in five years, 2,448. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Atlanta .. 495 441 Fanner 498 888 Raymond 414 Sterling.---- "Washington 317 Natimty. — ^Born in the United States, 2,225; in Germany, 62; in Ireland, 20; in England and "Wales, 59; in Scotland, 11; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 22; in France, 17; in South of Europe, 1; in British America, 33; in countries not speci- fied, 1. Sea;.— Males, 1,339; females, 1,114. 248 State Board of Agriculture. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas Colorado 8 14 678 212 343 67 3 Nebraska NewTork ..:.. 19 83 West Virginia Wisconsin Dist. Columbia and the Territories Germany England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 4 Illinois North Carolina - -- 1 Indiana Iowa Kentucky Ohio -. Oregon Pennsylyanla South Carolina 199 a 31 1 3 16 1 4 Massachusetts Michigan a 113 5' 300 Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia 9 4 8 23 1 5 Missouri Born in Kansas, 236; not otherwise stated, 4. MAP OF RICE COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. R X RlX KVllI 3tVII ■BVI r~l A.T.& S.F.E.E.Xands BAND, WC-NAtLY A CO ,£M.'S,CUICAaO. K.P.RE.Lands Oecupatwn.—TheTe are 573, or 87.8 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 34, or 3.6 percent., in Prof essional and Personal service; 15, or 2.3 percent., in Trade and Transportation; 40, or 6.1 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County (Seas*.— Atlanta, the county seat, is 146 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Oountry.—Bottom land, 15 per cent.; upland, 85 per cent.; forest, 1 per cent.; prairie, 99 per cent. Average width of bottoms, two miles; general surface of the country, undulating. Fourth Annual Kepoet, 249 Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-quarter mile. Varieties: cotton- wood, elm, box elder, ash, hackberry, mulberry, coffee bean. Principal Streams. — The Arkansas river flows southeast. Little Arkansas, south. Cow creek, southeast. Little Cow and Plum creeks, south. The county is well supplied with springs; well water obtained at an average depth of 35 feet. Coffli.— None found. Building Stone, etc. — ^There is an abundance of lime and sandstone in the north- east and southwest corners of the county. Railroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Kailroad runs nearly through the centre of the county from east to west, following the valley of the Arkansas. Stations: Peace and Raymond. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 460,800; taxable acres, 300,092; under cultivation, 22,023.01; cultivated to taxable acres, 11 percent., increase of cultivated acres during the year, 9,636.01. ACEEAGE, ATEEAGE YIELDS, PEODUCT AND VALUE OF PEINCIPAL CEOPS. CEOPS. Winter Wheat.. bu. Eye bu. Spring Wheat bu. Corn .bu. Barley bu. Oats .bu. Buckwheat , ...bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans bu. Flax bu. Broom Corn .n>s. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons ,929.60 ,711.50 ,660.25 '.188.50 896.25 ,630.50 6.00 190.81 7.15 69.24 18.50 48.50 34.50 80.75 7.25 11.25 2.00 IS m 20.00 15.00 14.00 ■ 40.00 26.00 SI. 00 16.00 76.00 163.00 100.00 15.00 7.00 650.00 2.87 1.00 2.00 1.50 78,590 26,672 37,243 407,540 10,302 81,565 96 14,315 1,165 6,924 277 339 22,425 232 7 .45 .62 .27H 1.16 .23 .75 .30 .90 .66 1.00 .85 .07 4.00 6.00 6.00 gg $ 72,302.80 11,652.40 23,090.66 112,073.60 11,847.30 18,769.95 72.00 4,294.50 1,048.50 3,808.20 277.00 288.15 1,569.75 928.00 42.00 132.00 9.76 A Good Yield. — Statement of J. C. Stewart, of Atlanta: Winter WTieat: About the 31st of September I sowed a little over nine acres of land with Red May wheat. The soil is a black loam, on upland prairie, and has been in cultivation three years. The two preceding crops were corn. I harvested the crop on the 28th of June, and obtained a yield of over 308 bushels from this field of less than 9i acres; over 30 bushels to the acre. The cost of producing was — For seed $10.00 Putting in 15.00 Harvesting and Stacking. 24.75 Tlireshing 27.60 Bairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 6 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 28,634 lbs. Farm Animals. — Numberof horses in 1870, 5; in 1875, 890: increase, 885. Mules and asses, tn 1875, 148. Cattle, in 1870, 42; in 1875, 2,317: increase, 3,275. Sheep, in 1870, 4; in 1875, 304: increase, 300. Swine, in 1870, 9; in 1875, 1,021: increase, 1,012. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 367; number of sheep killed by dogs, 3; value of sheep killed by dogs, $6.99. Horticulture — Acres of nurseries, 11; orchards, 67; vineyards, 2. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 1. 250 State Board of Agriculture. Fences.— mail, 25 rods; cost, $36.25. Board, 290 rods; cost, $507.50. Hedge,, 7,875 rods; cost, $4,331.25. Total rods of fence, 8,190; total cost, $4,875. Rerd Law. — Herd law in force throughout the county since May, 1873. Our reporter says: " It is beneficial to the interests of the citizens of the county. Should the law be repealed, it would be almost impossible to raise crops." Water Powers. — Said to be good powers, but none have been utilized. Manufactures. — Sterling township, one steam flouring mill. Banks. — No banks in this county. Newspapers. — The Bice County Herald and Bice County Gazette, published, weekly at Peace. Schools, eta. — Organized school districts, 41; school houses, 20; value of school buildings, grounds, etc., $18,546. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 12. CongregationaTr Organizations 1, membership 23, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Baptist: Or- ganizations 1, membership 40. Catholic: Organizations 2, membership 125. Libraries. — One public and 34 private libraries, aggregating 1,914 volumes, are reported from this county. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $25; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $418; pounds of wool produced, 400. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $16 to $20; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1.50; carpenters, per day, $1.75 to $2; brick- layers and stonemasons, per day, $2; house painters, per day, $2; wagon makers, per day, $2; blacksmiths, per day, $2; shoemakers, per day, $2; harness makers, per day, $1.50 to $2; printers, per day, $1.50; printers, per 1,000 ems, 35 cents; clerks, per month, $40; tinners, per day, $2. Vacant lands range from $2 to $6 per acre. RILEY COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Received its name from the military post adjacent to the county, and which, established in 1858, was named in honor of Gen. jliley of the U. S. Army. Population in 1860, 1,224; in 1870, 5,105: increase in ten years, 3,881; population in 1875, 7,065: increase in five years, 1,960: increase in fifteen years, 5,841. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TO'WNSHIPS Ain> Cities. Pop. towkships amd Cities. Pop. TOWHSHrpS AND Cities. Pop. Ashland _ .. 806 1,062 695 432 Bala 463 416 981 GraDt 782 Manhattan City Ogden -. 1,381 647 Manhattan FotJETH Annual Repoet. 251 MAP OF EILEY COUNTY, KANSAS, 18'iB. M K.S.Agrioatttiral Col.Lands JI.K.& T.E.EXanda Central Brandh TJ.P.E.E.Xan^s GoverumentXanSs HiX If^atimty.—'BovtL in the United States, 5,390; in Germany, 539; In Ireland, 73; in England and Wales, 196; in Scotland, 19; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 663; in France, 5; in North of Europe, 3; in South of Europe, 73; in British America, 112; in countries not specified, 5. Sex.— Kales, 3,748; females, 3,317. 252 State Board of Agrictjlttjre. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. 3 . . 17 Mississippi Missouri Nebraska 1 409 56 43 West Virginia 60 Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories ....<5 Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe Italy Other South of Europe 156 3 42 1 2 902 40B 44e 64 10 39 39 83 236 an 11 Florida New Jersey 21 199 Geor^a New Tork Nortti Carolina 285 21 3 70 Indiana Iowa.. Kentucky.. Louisiana Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island 367 '.'.'..'. "248 61 3 2 393 1 1 Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia 56 16 43 61 "".38 67 Born in Kansas, 2,057; not otherwise stated, 2. Occupation.— There are 1,360, or 68.3 per. cent., engaged in Agi-iculture; 287, or 14.4 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 116, or 5.8 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 228, or 11.4 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Manhattan, the county seat, is 50 miles in an airline from Topeka, in a westerly direction. Face of the Cowairi?.— Bottom land, 20 per cent.; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 4 per cent. ; prairie, 96 per cent. Average width of bottoms, from one-half to two miles ; general surface of the country — southern and eastern portions bluffy, western and northern portions undulating. Timber .— Average width of timber belts, one-quarter of a mile. Prevailing varieties: oak, walnut and Cottonwood. Principal Streams. — The Kansas river flows tlirough the southeastern portion of the county, and the county is bounded on the east by the Big Blue river, flowing southeast, and the Republican river flows southeast across the southwest corner of the county. Fancy and Mill creeks, running into the Blue in an easterly direction, traverse, with their branches, the northern and northwestern portions of the county. "Wild Cat and Seven-Mile creeks, flowing southeast into the Kansas, water the centre of the county; and Madison, Timber, and Three-Mile creeks, running west into the Republican, water the western portion; while south of the Kansas, McDowell, Deep and School creeks supply the southern end of the county. Springs are abundant, and well -waiter is obtained at a depth of 26 feet on the bottoms, and from 60 to 80 feet on the high grounds. Coal. — None has been developed. Building Stone, etc. — The county is well supplied with an excellent quality of magnesian limestone, in layers from two to six inches in width. Railroad Connections. — The Kansas Pacific Railway crosses the southwestern portion of the county, traversing the valley of the Kansas river. Principal stations: Manhattan and Ogden. The Manhattan & Northwestern Railroad from Manhattan Tip the valley of the Blue is under contract, and will soon form a connection with the Union Pacific Central Branch, at Irving, and with the St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad at Marysville. Agricultural Statistics .—Acres in the county, 894,880; taxable acres, 217,909; under cultivation, 57,607.23; cultivated to taxable acres, 26.43 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 19,065.23. Fourth Annual Report. 253 ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. u S3 P CROPS. us gB fi 1 on k1 o !>[H s < « < < (^ (1< >!^ Winter 'WTieat bu. 5,393.60 17.00 91,619 $ .99 $ 9,702.81 Ryo bu. 2,465.50 17.00 41.913 .60 26,147.80 Spring Wheat bu. 7,585.50 12.00 91,026 .75 68.269.. 50 Corn _ bu. 15,326.00 41.00 628.366 .23 144,524.18 Barley bu. 1,3.09.50 22.00 29,909 1.22 34,488 98 Oats bu. 5,125.85 28.00 143,507 .30 43,058.10 Buckwheat bu. 2.60 18.00 . 45 .85 38.25 Potatoes, Irish bu. 366.87 90.00 33,018 .35 11,656.30 Sweet Potatoes _. ..bn. 25.37 125.00 3,171 1.00 3.171.00 Sorghum gall. 1T9.50 115.00 20,642 .60 10,321.00 Castor Beans Tbu. 2.75 14.00 38 1.10 41.80 Cotton ibs. 1.00 75 75 .08 6.0O Flax.... bu. 63.62 9.00 483 1.05 507.15 Hemp Broom Corn ...lbs. 40.37 700.00 28,259 .06 1,695.54 Millet and Hungarian tons 1,679.50 2.75 4,619 5.00 23,095.00 Timothy tons 271.00 1.00 271 7.00 1,897.00 Clover tons 3.60 2.50 8 6.60 52.00 Prairie .tons 9,356.00 ' 1.25 11,695.00 3.25 38.008 75 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured iu 1870, 1,044 lbs.; in 1875, 11,105 lbs.: increase, 10,061 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 111,590 lbs.; in 1875, 138,346- lbs. : increase, 36,756 lbs. FaJ'm Animals. — Kumber of horses, in 1870, 2,299; in 1875, 3,729: increase, 1,430. Mules and asses, in 1870, 189; in 1875, 316: increase, 37. Cattle, in 1870, 6,650; in 1875, 13,228- Increase, 6,578. Sheep, in 1870, 3,190; in 1875, 2,113: decrease, 77. Swine, in 1870, 1,758; in 1875, 2,939: increase, 1,171, Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,139; number of sheep killed by dogs, 87; value of sheep killed by dogs, $202.71. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 66; value of sheep killed by wolves, $153.78. Hortioulture. — Acres of nurseries, 11; orchards, 513.63; vineyards, 12.50. Apiaenlture. — Number of stands of bees, 20; pounds of honey, 500. Fences.— Stone, 41,645 rods; cost $124,935. Rail, 65,236 rods; cost, $89,699.50. Board, 13,508 rods; cost $23,689. Wire, 13,000 rods; cost $9,000. Hedge, 44,080' rods; cost, $32,040. Total rods of fence, 176,469; total cost, $269,313.50. Water Powers. — A small dam on Fancy creek furnishes one mill with sufl5cient power during a portion of the year; a ds,m across the Big Blue, at Rocky Ford, furnishes about 2,000 horse-power, and supplies a flouring mill. Manufactures. — Manhattan, one watei:-power grist and saw mill, two wagon and carriage factories, one boot and shoe factory, one cigar manufactory. Ogden, one brewery. Grant township, one steam saw mill, one cheese factory. May Day township, one grist mill. Jackson township, two saw mills. Banks. — First National Bank of Manhattan, capital $50,000; banking house of William P. Higginbotham, Manhattan, and the Manhattan Bank. The two last named banks have an aggregate capital of $25,000. Business Houses of Principal Town.— City of Manhattan: Agricultural imple- ments and wagons, 2; books, periodicals and stationery, 1; boots and shoes, 3;. clothing and tailoring, 2; confectionery 2; drags, oils and paints, 3; furniture and upholstery,!; groceries, 4; gunsmiths, 1; hardware, 3; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 3; lumber, 2; millinery, 3; general country stores, 4; saddles and harness, 1; all other mercantile pursuits, 4. Ogden township: general country stores, 3; saddles and harness, 1; grain, 1. JfeiDspaiJers.-Tlae Nationalist and Industrialist, published weekly at Manhattan. FouETH Annual Repoet. 255 Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 57; school houses, 51; value of school houses and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $48,605. The State Agricultural College is located at Manhattan. Churches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 97, church edifices 1, valuation $7,400. Congregational: Organizations 3, membership 155, church edifices 3, valuation $4,500, Baptist: Organizations 3, membership 79, church €difices 1, valuation $3,000. Methodist: Organizations 3, membership 388, church Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 75, church Catholic: Organizations 5, membership 450, church edifices 3, valuation $6,800. edifices 1, valuation $9,000. ■edifices 3, valuation $900. Libraries. — No returns. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $1,665; poultry and eggs sold (during the year, $4,053; pounds of wool produced, 11,958. , Prices of unoccupied land range from $3 to $7.50 per acre. EUSH COUNTY. Organized in 1874. Named in honor of Alexander Rush, Captain of Company B, Second Colored Infantry, who was killed in battle April 3d, 1864, at Jenkins' JFerry, Arkansas. Population in 1875, 451. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TowKsmps AND Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 69 210 Brockdale 66 Centre 106 -Born in the United States, 401; in Germany, 18; in Ireland, 4; in England and Wales, 13; in Scotland, 2; in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 1; in ^British America, 13. ^«a!.— Males, 263; females, 188. WHERE PROM TO KANSAS. Colorado 8 Illinois 82 Indiana IT Iowa 104 Kentucky 10 JIassachusetts 1 MicMgan 4 Minnesota 1 Hiasonri 70 Netoaska 37 NewYork. 2 North Carolina 12 Ohio j^ 7 Pennsylvania 15 Tennessee 6 Virginia 6 West Virginia 4 Wisconsin 20 Germany _ 3 Born in Kansas, 42; not otherwise stated, 1. Occupation.— There are 133, or 89.8 percent., engaged in Agriculture; 4, or 3.7 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 4, or 3.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 7, or 4.7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat— Hush Centre, the county seat, is 300 miles in an air line from "Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Bail/road Connections. — No railroads in the county. •2m State Board of Ageiculture. AgriouUuraZ Statistics. — Acres in the county, 460,800; taxable acres, 64,039; under cultivation, 1,763; cultivated to taxable acres, 3.75 ner cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 1,767. MAP OF RUSH COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. EcT>H" IBAND, MCNALLVA CO.,ENG B,CHICAGO, A.T.iS; S.r.E.E.Lanas ACEBAGE, AVERAGE TIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bn. Rye bu. Spring Wlieat bu. Com bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum _ gall. Broom Corn lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons g h E4 u .<1 ti ■i s b n S a a o b a o >^ « „« < ■< Ph P.1 >!k 185.00 15.00 2,775 $ .75 $ 2,081.25 20.00 16.00 320 .45 144.00 232.00 15.00 8,248 .60 1,948.80 635.50 35.00 22,242 .25 5,560.60 89.00 15.00 1,385 1.10 1,468.50 252.00 20.00 5.040 .27^ 1,386.00 40.00 65.00 2,600 .80 1,080.00 1.50 135.00 202 1.00 202.00 23.50 90.00 2,115 .62 1,311.. SO 20.00 650.00 13,000 .03 390. OD 264 60 2.00 629 6.00 3,174.00 Fourth Annual Repokt. 257 Caop ExPERiBNCB. — Statement of G. Able, of Alexander: . September 30th I drilled in Early May wheat on bottom land, which had been! plowed eight or nine inches deep. This ground was broken the previous June, and] this was the first crop. Harvested on the 30th of June, and obtained a yield of 33 bushels per acre. The soil is a black loam. Bairy Protiwcte.— Cheese manufactured in 1875, 40 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 4,076 lbs. Fwrm ^HimaJs.— Number of horses in 1875, 307. Mules and asses in 1875, 25.. Cattle in 1875, 930. Sheep in 1875, 538. Swine in 1875, 34. i)ogra._Number of dogs in the county, 60; number of sheep killed by dogs, I; value of sheep killed by dogs, $3.33. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 7; value of sheep killed by wolves, $16.31. Hortievltwre. — Acres of nurseries, 8; orchards, 14. Fences. — Bail, 460 rods; cost, $678.60. Total rods of fence, 460; total cost, $678.50. Herd Law. — The herd law has only been in force six months; not long enough to decide as to its advantages. Man-afaetures. — Nothing reported, Bamks. — There are no banks. Jfewspapers. — None published in the county. ScJiook. — Organized school districts, 6; school buildings, 3. Churches. — Congregational: Organizations 1 ; membership 17. Libraries. — ^Eight private libraries, containing 625 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. M'sceKaJieo-it*.— Produce of gardens marketed, $830; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $233; pounds of wool produced, 1,433. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $15 to $30; carpenters, per day, $3 to $2.50. Prices of unoccupied land range from $1.50 to $4 per acre. RUSSELL COITNTT. Organized in 1873. Named in honor of Avra P Russell, Captain of Company K, Second Kansas Cavalry, who died of wounds received in battle, Dec. 7, 1863, at Prairie Grove, Arkansas. Square miles, 900; population to square mile, 1.33. Pop- ulation in 1870, 156 ; population in 1875, 1,312 ; increase in five years, 1,056. POPULATION OF 1875, BT TOWNSHIIPS AND CITIES. ToWUSHIPe AND Cities. Fop. Townships akd Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 382 146 m 276 Paradise 71 Enssell City of Enssen 160 Natimiy. — Born in the United States, 1,066 ; in Germany, 40 ; in Ireland, 17 ; in England and Wales, 40 ; in Scotland, 6 ; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 6 ; in Prance, 1 ; in South of Europe, 9 ; in British America, 12 ; in countries not specified, 3. Sea.— Males, 679 ; females, 533. 17 258 State Board of Ageicultctre. WHERE FEOM TO KANSAS. Arkansas Caliroruia Colorado Connecticut . 3 1 11 26 143 61 118 14 1 10 5 Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri a .- .. 15 41 96 Pennsylvania Texas Vermont Virginia 199 15 1 11 Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentuclsy Nebraska Nevada New Jersey 22 . ... 2 1 43 Wisconsin Dis. of Columbia and the Territories Germany England and Wales Scotland 159 1 1 4 in Maryland Maine Ohio Oregon 68 1 3 MAP OF EUaSELL COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. HAND, MCKALLX A CO,,ENG S,ClllCkGO Government Lands Born in Kansas, 123; not otherwise stated, 6. Occupation.— There are 273, or 80.2 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 18, or 5.3 percent., in Prof essional and Personal service; 15, or 4.4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 34, or 10 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. Fourth Aknual Repoet. 259 County Seat. — Russell, the county seat, is 172 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a westerly direction. FoLceoftlie Country. — ^Bottom lands, 20 percent.; upland, 80 percent.; forest, 1 per cent.; prairie, 99 per cent. Average width of bottoms, three-quarters of a mile; general surface of the country, undulating; some portions hluflfy. Timber. — A mere fringe along the streams. Varieties: cottonwood, ash, elm and willow; on Paradise creek, some oak, black walnut and cedar. Prinai/pal Streams. — The Smoky Hill river flows from west to east through the southern part of the county. The Saline river from west to east, a little north of the centre; principal tributary from the north, Paradise creek; a number of smaller streams tributary to both rivers. The county is moderately supplied with springs; well water is obtained on the bottoms at a depth of from 10 to 40 feet; on the high prairies, from 20 to 200 feet. Coal.— Poor coal, in inconsiderable quantities, has been developed, in veins of from 30 to 40 inches, of which 500 tons have been mined during the year, valued at $2 per ton at the mine; lignite. B'dlding Stone, etc. — The western part of the county has some limestone of fair quality. There is an abundance of excellent building stone, 6 to 9 inches in thick- ness, easy of access. It has been shipped east and west on the Kansas Pacific K. E. for building purposes. There is an abundance of sandstone of poor quality. Tliere are some salt springs, mineral paint and pottery clay, but they have not been de- veloped, and their quality and quantity are not known. JR'iilroad Connections. — The Kansas Pacific Railway runs through the county from east to west, a little south of the centre. Stations, Bunker Hill and Russell. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 576,000; taxable acres, 31,360; under cultivation, 6,407.54; cultivated to taxable acres, 20.43 per cent.; increase of culti- vated acres during the year, 6,407-54. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PEODUCT AND VALITE OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bu. Spring Wheat bo. Corn - ba. Barley i...bn. Oats bn. Backwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish, , bu. Sweet Potatoes - bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans -bu. Flax..; - bu. Broom Com _ B)s. Millet and Hungarian .-tons Timothy tons Clover - tons Prairie tons 992.50 310.50 584.00 1,833.00 161.75 507.50 9.60 43.80 1.00 53.25 1.12 43.50 50.37 905.75 6.40 tt- Winter Wheat bu. Rye. bii. Spring Wlieat bu. Com bu. Barley ___bu. Oats _ _ bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish _ bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum __. gall. Castor Beans _..bu. Cotton Tbs. Flax bu. Tobacco lbs. Broom Com _ Bs. Millet and Hungarian _ tons Timothy tons Clover ., tons Prairie _._ tonsj 85,697.25 3,215.50 4,552.00 14,935.25 2,283.76 6,662.25 1.00 495.34 7 00 76.20 83.50 20.25 96.00 1.25 376.43 686.50 33.00 10.57 1,815.00 21.00 20.00 14.00 42.00 26.00 35.00 22.00 175.00 155.00 120.00 15.00 50.00 11.00 650.00 750.00 2.75 1.26 2.50 1.25 539,842 64,310 63,728 627,280 59,377 198,179 22 86,684 1,085 9,144 1,262 1,012 1,056 812 282,322 1,888 41 26 2,269 .60 .75 .23 1.23 .25 .95 .35 .90 .50 1.12 .08 1.10 .08 .06 5.50 7.00 6.75 3.25 $528,849.16 38,586.00 47,796.00 144,274.40 73,033.71 49,544.75 20.90 30,329.40 976.50 4,572.00 1,402.24 80.96 1,161.60 64.96 16,9.39.32 10,384 00 287.00 175.50 7,374.25 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 1,393 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 40,331 lbs.; in 1875, 95,739 lbs.: increase, 55,408. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1870, 1,435; in 1875, 2,986: increase, 1,561. Mules and asses, in 1870, 185; in 1875, 313: increase, 77. Cattle, in 1870, 5,691; in 1875, 7,979: increase, 2,388. Sheep, in 1870, 138; in 1875, 3,120: increase, 1,993. Swine, in 1870, 1,393; in 1875, 3,587: increase, 1,195. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 953; number of sheep killed by dogs, 46; value of sheep killed by dogs, $107.18. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 3; value of sheep killed by wolves, $4,66. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 77.75; orchards, 381.25; vineyards, 4.50. i''e;ice».— Stone, 486 rods; cost, $1,154.35. Rail, 10,379 rods; cost, $14,13362. Board, 6,250 rods; cost, $10,937.50. Wire, 1,700 rods; cost, $1,275. Hedge, 76,217 rods; cost, $38,108.50. Total rods of fence, 94,932; total cost, $65,608.87. Water Powers. — There are good water powers, of which three have been improved. Manufactures. — Smoky Hill township, wind-power mill, capital $1,500; brick manufactory, capital $2,000. City of Salina, a cigar manufactory. - Ohio township, one cheese factory.- Falun township, one broom factoiy. Solomon township, two. salt manufactories. There are three water-power flouring mills in_the_ county, with a combined capital of $50,000. Banks. — Banking house of John Geis uc Co., Salina.^ Business Souses of Principal Town. — City of Salina: Agricultural implements- and wagons, 3; books, periodicals and stationery, 3; bootsand shoes, 3; clothing: Fourth Annual Report. 263 and tailoring, 2; confectionery, 2; dry goods, 5; drugs, oils and paints, 2; furniture and upholstery, 1; groceries, 4j hardware, 4; jewelry; clocks, watches, etc., 2; lumber, 2; music and musical instruments, 1; millinery, 2; saddles and harness, 1; sewing machines, 2; all other mercantile pursuits not herein mentioned, 5. Newspapers. — Herald, Advocate and Journal, published weekly at Salina. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 59; school houses, 48; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $71,964. Churches. — ^Presbyterian: Organizations 2, membership 151, church edifices 1, valuation, $6,000. Congregational: Organizations 2, membership 48. Baptist: Organizations!, membership 32, church edifices 1, valuation $1,800. Methodist: Organizations 8, membership 250, church edifices 1, valuation $5,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 14, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Catholic: Or- ganizations 2, membership 500, church edifices 2, valuation $4000. Lutheran: Or- ganizations 2, membership 43, church edifices 1, valuation |4,500. Libraries. — Three townships report 24 private libraries, having 1,860 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are shows on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $394; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $2,522; pounds of wool prodaced, 3,990. Prices ot unoccupied land range from $3 to $6 per acre. SEDGWICK COUNTY. Organized in 1870. Named in honor of John Sedgwick, Major-GJeneral IT. S. Volunteers, who was killed May 9th, 1864, in battle, at Spottsylvania, Virginia. Population in 1870, 1,095; population in 1875, 8,310: increase in five years, 7,215 POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop, Townships ahd CiTIBS. Pop. Townships and CiTIBS. Pop. 222 150 315 269 221 364 367 328 374 324 138 189 331 2,680 Garden Plains Grant - Greeley ' 287 Gypsum Illinois. ._ Kechi 316 275 Ohio Park .. . Payne 323 Eockford 426 Waco Wichita City Wichita 393 -Born in the United States, 7,435; in Germany, 249; in Ii-eland, 188; in England and Wales, 166; in Scotland, 55; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 66; in France, 17; in North of Europe, 14; in South of Europe, 24; in British Amer- ica, 139; in countries not specified, 7. &».— Males, 4,567; females, 3,743. 264 State Boaed of Agriculture. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama Arkansas 4 37 19 24 17 3 3 8,576 458 769 154 12 15 6 33 270 Minnesota Mississippi .......... .... 68 2 Vermont Virginia West Virginia 7 M California Missouri Nebraska Nevada .... 873 .... 81 2 2 7H Colorado Connecticut Florida Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark Prance Other South of Europe... British America 186 9'i Georgia niinois Indiana Jowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Jersey 14 HI New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Ehode Island .... 185 .... 26 .... 630 1 .... 210 4 1 3 50 18 33 4 q Tennessee Texas .... 31 .... 46 73 Michigan MAP OP SEDGWICK COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. Government Lands Born in Kansas, 1,083; not otherwise stated, 51. Occupation. — There are 1,545, or 59.8 per cent, engaged In Agriculture; 363, or 10.1 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 317, or 8.4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 556, or 21.5 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Wichita, the county seat, is 139 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Country. — ^Bottom land, 50 per cent. ; upland, 50 per cent. ; forest, 1 per cent.; prairie, 99 per cent. Average width of bottoms, five miles; general sur- face of the country, level or slightly undulating. Timber. — Of the very little timber found in the county, the principal varieties are: walnut, elm, hackberry, Cottonwood and box elder. Fourth Annual Report. 265 Principal Streams. — The Arkansas river, running southeast. The Little Arltansas, Tunning south. Ninnescah, Cowsliin and Wildcat creeks, running southeast. There ai'e a few springs in the county; well water reached at a depth of from 10 to 50 feet. Coal. — ^It is reported that indications of coal have been discovered, but a sufficient vein to warrant mining has not been developed. Building Stone, etc. — No report as to the item of stone, but the county is but indifferently supplied in this particular. Gypaum underlies nearly the entire sur- face of the county. Railroad Connections. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad enters the ■county at about the centre of its northern line, and running in a direction a little •east of south, extends to Wichita. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 645,120; taxable acres, 392,831; un- der cultivation, 58,367.75; cultivated to taxable acres, 14.85 percent.: increase of ■cultivated acres during the year, 14,978.75 ACREAGE, AVEEAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALtTB OP PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. "Winter Wheat bu. Eye bn. ■Spring Wheat bu. Corn - bn. Barley bu. ■Oats --- — bu. Buckwheat --bu. potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum... , gall. •Castor Beans - - bn. •Cotton S)s. Flax - bu. Tobacco B)s. Broom Com ..lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy — tone Clover tons Prairie ^^ tons 16,625,00 1,603.35 1.33.50 29,060.50 33.75 6,438.18 9.00 540.25 44.88 85.50 27.25 3.25 133.00 1.25 9.75 136.50 27.00 8.00 429.00 >^ 22.00 23.00 14.00 43.00 30.00 35.00 32.00 125.00 170.00 125.00 18.00 200.00 7.00 650.00 800.00 2.50 1.25 3.75 3.00 365,750 36,875 1,855 1,349,601 1,913 225,334 198 67,531 • 7,630 10,687 490 650 931 812 7,800 341 34 22 $1.05 .60 .80 .22« 1.10 .24 .85 ■37>i .75 .60 1.10 .10 1.18 08 .06 5.00 6.00 6.00 3.00 a o a >J o < « $384,037.50 22,125.00 1,484.00 281,160.22 2,103.30 54,080.16 168.30 25,324 12 5,722.50 6,412.20 539.00 ■ 65,00 1,098.68 64 96 468.00 1,705.00 204.00 1.32.00 2,574.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 6,175 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 100 lbs.; in 1875, 83,219 lbs.: increase, 83,119 lbs. Farm Animals.— NnmheT of horses in 1870, 407; in 1875, 2,476: increase, 2,069. Mules and asses in 1870, 79; in 1875, 487: increase, 408. Cattle in 1870,760; in 1875, 5,770: increase, 5,010. Sheep in 1870, 307; in 1875, 3,120: increase, 1,813. Swine in 1870, 165; in 1875, 2,587: increase, 2,433. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 928; number of sheep killed by dogs, 30; value of sheep killed by dogs, $69.90. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 5; value •of sheep killed by wolves, $11.65. Horticulture. — Acres of nurferies, 35.75; orchards, 1,090.16; vineyards, 412. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 3. i?«recg«.— Rail, 9,951 rods; cost, $13,931.40. Board, 7,918 rods; cost, $11,283.15. Wire, 1,700 rods; cost, $1,700. Hedge, 100,780 rods; cost, $45,351. Total rods of fence, 120,349; total cost, $72,265.55. Herd Lam. — Not in force. Water Powers. — We have no definite information as to their probable extent and capacity. Two flouring mills have been established. Manufactures. — Wichita, two grist mills, one soda water factory, one wagon f ac- 266 State Board of Agriculture. tory, one cigar factory, one brewery. Salem township, two water-power grist mills. Waco township, one water-power grist mill. Banks. — First National Bank of Wichita, capital $88,000; Wichita Savings Bank, of Wichita. There are two other private banking houses in this county, of which no report has been received. The capital employed in other than National Banks is $55,000. Buisirvess HovMS of Principal Town. — City of Wichita: Dry goods, 4; groceries, 15; hardware, 5; drugs and medicines, 4; boots and shoes, 3; harness and sad- dlery, 4; wholesale liquors, 3; saloons and billiard halls, 11; merchant tailors, 4; millinery and dressmaking, 10; hotels, 10; livery and feed stables, 14; furniture dealers, 3; meat markets, 9; books and stationery, 3; confectionery, 13; clothing, 4; flouring mills, 3; lumber, 5; contractors and builders, 7; painters, 5; brewers, 3; manufacturers, 43. Newspapers. — Two weekly newspapers are published, the Beacon and the Eagle, both at Wichita. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts; 80; school houses, 57; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $107,167. There is a parochial school at Wichita under the auspices of the Catholic church. Ohurehea. — Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 143, church edifices 1, valuation $1,300. Congregational: Organizations 1, membership 14. Baptist: Or- ganizations 5, membership 148, church edifices 1, valuation $8,500. United Pres- byterian: Organizations 3, membership 46. Methodist: Organizations 3, member- ship 300, church edifices 1, valuation $4,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, mem- bership 10, church property $500. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 500, church edifices 1, valuation $3,500. libraries. — No returns. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — ^Produce of gardens marketed, $7,187; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $3,643; pounds of wool produced, 3,056. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $18 to 20; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1.50 to $2; carpenters, per day, $3.50 to $3; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $3 to $5; house painters, per day, $3 to $5; wagon makers, per day, $3.50 to $3; blacksmiths, per day, $3 to 3; shoemakers, per day, $3 to $3; harness makers, per day, $1.50 to $3.50; tailors, per day, $3 to $3; printers, per day, $3 to $3; clerks, per month, $30 to $75; tinners, per day, $3.50 to $3. Prices of unoccupied land range from $1,25 to $5.50 per acre. SHAWNEE COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Received its name from the Shawnee tribe of Indians, whose original reservation in Kansas embraced a considerable portion of the county. Square miles, 558. Population to square mile, 37.63. Population in 1860, 3,513; in 1870, 13,131: increase in ten years, 9,608; population in 1875, 15,417: increase ia five y^ars, 3,396: increase in fifteen years, 11,904. Fourth Annual Report. 267 POPtTLATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSmPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. tottobhips and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Auljum 656 860 l.l&S 7,218 Dover 444 847 754 567 Mission ._ 409 1,184 1,241 Soldier Tecnmseli Topeka Topeka City- Williamsport RXIII MAP OP SHAWNEE COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. kXIV JlXV XAND, MCNALLY H C0.,BNG'8,CHICA60, Nativity.— 'Bom in the United States, 13,605; in Germany, 416; in Ireland, 373; in England and Wales, 437; in Scotland, 77; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 270; in France, 91; in Nortli of Europe, 36; in Italy, 5; in South of Europe, 37; in British America, 174; in countries not specified, 6. Sex.—T&aXes, 8,037; females, 7,390. 268 State Boaud of Agkiculxuke. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama Arkansas 34 77 25 20 51 8 5 20 2,086 1,700 697 272 15 68 29 141 Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina . ... 224 55 7 ,....l,B8:j 9il 41 31 679 - .. 46 Virginia West Virginia ... 93 65 California Colorado Connecticut Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the 'I'errjtories 214 "0 Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 64 37 150 a"! Indiana Iowa Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island 1.541 11 602 17 161 36 Lonisiana Other North of Europe Italy Other South of Europe British America 5 Maine Maryland Massachusetts Tennessee Texas Vermont 76 41 126 2 19 143 -- Bom in Kansas, 3,973; not otherwise stated, 164. Occupation. — There are 1,954, or 40.7 per cent., engaged in Agriculture ; 1,186, or 24.7 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 642, or 13.3 per cent., iu Trade and Transportation; 1,013, or 31.1 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Topeka, the county seat, is the capital of ihe State. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 31 percent.; upland, 69 per cent.; forest, 8 per cent.; prairie, 92 per cent. Average width of bottoms — Kansas river three miles. Mission creels one-half mile, Wakarusa one mile, smaller streams, various widtlis. General surface of the country undulating; some portions adjoining the Kansas river bottom bluffy. Timber. — The timber is confined to the water courses. Varieties; elm, cotton- wood, black walnut, oak, sycamore, box elder, hickory and ash. Principal Streams. — Kansas river, flows southeasterly; tributaries from the north, Baubien, Cross, Soldier and Indian creeks; tributaries of the Soldier, Little Soldier, Moccasin and Half Day creeks; tributaries of the Kansas, from the south, Vesser, Mission, Shunganunga, Deer, Stinson and Tecumseh creeks; tributaries of Mission creek, Haskell and Blacksmith creeks. The Wakarusa flows southeast; tribu- taries from the north, Six-Mile and Lynn creeks; from the south, Tow-Head and Berry creeks. The springs are not numerous, but there are some excellent ones; good well water is obtained at a depth of from 18 to 40 feet. Coal. — There is no estimate of the area covered. Thickness of veins discovered, from 14 to 20 inches; depth below surface, 15 to 20 feet — crops out in the ravines in some localities; quality, fair; used to quite a large extent for local, domestic and manufacturing purposes. Building Stone, etc. — Good limestone is found in abundance in all parts of the county; flre clay is found above the coal, but has not been tested. Railroad Connections. — The Kansas Pacific Railway runs through the county, on the north side of the Kansas river; stations, Topeka, Silver Lake and Rossville. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Pe Railroad runs through the county from north to south; stations, Topeka and Wakarusa. The Kansas Midland Railroad runs east from Topeka along the south side of the Kansas river, extending to Lawrence and Kansas City; station, Tecumseh. Agricvltv/ral Statistics. — Acres in the county, 357,120; taxable acres, 346,276; under, cultivation, 87,268.14; cultivated to taxable acres, 25.20 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 3,348.14. 270 State Board of Aoricultttee. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PEINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS, Winter Wheat bu. Rye bu. Spring Wbeat bu. Com bu. Barley ._ bu. Oats _ _ bu. Buckwheat- bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes _._bu. Sorghum gall, Castor Beans _ bu. Cotton .__ lbs. Flax bu Hemp tbs. Tobacco _ lbs. Broom Corn. _ B>8. Millet and Hungarian _ tons Timothy _ tons Clover tons Prairie tons 5,054.53 2,458.80 601.50 41,240.59 652.25 5,742.04 37.00 761.06 83.54 167.91 36.60 13.00 4.62 143.75 2,686.75 405.25 68.75 15,297.75 18.00 22.00 12.00 42.00 28.00 30.00 21.00 95.00 155.00 125.00 15.00 8.00 700.00 700.00 800.00 3.00 /l.OO 2.50 1.00 90,982 64,094 7,218 1,732,105 18,263 172,261 777 72,.301 12,949 20,989 647 6,002 9,100 3,234 115,000 8,060 405 172 15,298 $ 98 62 60 25 1.25 .26 .80 .40 1.00 .50 1.00 1.20 .68 .08 06 6.00 6.00 5.75 3.00 PC Hi C < a $89,162 .31! 33,.5:3:i.58 4,.3.'JU 80 433,026.25 22,828.75 44,787.86 621.60 28,920 40 12,949.00 10,494.50 547.00 6,002.40 6,188.00 258 72 6,900.00 48,360.00 2,430.00 989.00 45,894.00 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 12,600 lbs. ; in 1875, 11,840 lbs. : decrease, 760 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 338,005 lbs.; in 1875, 256,090 lbs. : increase, 18,085 lb. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1870, 3,461; in 1875, 5,897: increase, 3,436. Mules and asses, in 1870, 316; in 1875, 496: increase, 380. Cattle, in 1870, 10,118; in 1875, 19,550: increase, 9,433. Sheep, in 1870, 1,833; in 1875, 508: decrease, 1,334. Swine, in 1870, 4;904; in 1875, 8,963: increase, 4,059. Dogs. — ^Number of dogs in the county, 3,356; number of sheep killed by dogs, 15; value of sheep killed by dogs, $34.95; number of sheep killed by wolves, 3; value of sheep killed by wolves, $4.66. Horticulture.— Acres of nurseries, 148; orchards, 3,663.50; vineyards, 05.88. Apiaculture. —'Numhei of stands of bees, 166: pounds of honey, 353; wax, 36. Fences.— Stone, 49,884 rods; cost, $113,339. Rail, 136,506 rods; cost $180,870.45. Board, 136,836 rods; cost, $188,149.50. Wire, 33,300 rods; cost, $21,802.50. Hedge, 151,779 rods; cost, $68,300.55. Total rods of fence, 507,305; total cost, $571,362. Herd Law. — Not in force. J Water Powers.— There are numerous good powers, but they have not been utilized, except to a very limited extent. Manufactures.— Topeka., Shawnee steam flouring mill, capital $30,000; North Topeka steam mills, capital $13,000; Topeka rolling mills, capital $75,000; Farmers' flouring mills, capital $13,000; foundry, with planing mill, etc., attached; machine shops of the Atchison, Topeka f4 $ 2,265.60 3,781.60 41,a37.45 127,322.80 12,101.60 8,000.33 23.10 4,390 7.9 119.70 13,119.84 99.00 21.14 303.45 137.50 140 22 177.52 3,890.25 80.00 4.75 B,325 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1875, 516 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1875, 55, 107 lbs. Farm Animals.— '^ximbtv of horses in 1870, 35; in 1875, 1,286: increase, 1,261. Mules and asses, in 1870, 5; in 1875, 199: increase, 194. Cattle, in 1870, 53; in 1875, 2,831: increase, 3,838. Sheep, in 1875, 89. Swine, in 1870, '8; in 1875, 1,714: in- Tease, 1,706. Do^*.— Number of dogs in the county, 313; number of sheep killed by dogs, 5; value of sheep killed by dogs, $11.65. 16 274 State Board of Agricultuke. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 15.37; orchards, 105.83; vineyards, 2.50. J'e/ice*.— Stone, 6 rods; cost, $13.75. Bail 3,096 rods; cost, |3,144. Board, 380 rods; cost, |608. Wire, 200 rods; cost, |168. Hedge, 3,970 rods; cost, $2,282.75. Total rods of fence, 6,652; total cost, $6,315.50. Herd Law. — The herd law in operation since 1873 throughout the county. A correspondent writes: "It is conceded to be of benefit to the poorer classes, but considerable opposition exists among stock men. It is believed to be a good thing." Water Powers. — The Solomon river affords power; one dam has been constructed. Manufactures. — Centre township, steam saw mill. Houston township, steam saw mill, water-power grist mill, water-power saw and grist mill. Banks. — There are no banks in this county. Newspapers. — The Smith County Pioneer, Smith Centre; weekly. Schools, eta. — Organized school districts, 70; school houses, 43; value of scnool buildings, grounds, etc., $10,850. Oliurches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 35. Congregational: Or- ganizations 3, membership 36. Baptist: Organizations 2, membership 41. Metho- dist: Organizations 5, membership 150. Libraries. — No returns. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the. accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $42; poultry and eggs sold, during the year, $639; pounds of wool produced, 235. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $10 to $20; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1 to $1.50; carpenters, per day, $3 to $3.50; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $2 to $3.50; house painters, per day, $3; wagon makers, per day, $3; blacksmiths, per day, $2; shoemakers, per day, $1.50 to $3; harness makers, per day, $1.50 to $2; printers, per day, $1 to $1.50; clerks, per month, $15 to $35. Vacant lands range from $1.35 up, per acr SUMNER COUNTY. Organized in 1871 . Named in honor of Charles Sumner, the distinguished Massa- chusetts Senator; first chosen to succeed Daniel Webster in 1850, and continuing a member till 1874, when he died in Washington. He was, in 1854, a leader in the opposition to the extension of slavery into Kansas, as proposed in the bill for the organization of the Territory. Square miles, 1,188; population to square mile, 4.14. Population in 1870, 22; population in 1875, 4,925; increase in five years, 4,903. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and CiTIBS, Pop. Townships aki> Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 258 77 241 520 162 528 Belle Plaine. 613 240 143 400 225 Ca'dwell 184 nhiknskia Falls Gore 301 Palestine Soath Haven 284 Val Verdi Walton 296 Fourth Annual Report. 275 WativUy.—Bomm the United States, 4,637; in Germany, 58; in Ireland, 22; in England and Wales, 68; in Scotland, 15; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 27; in France, 10; in South of Europe, 27; in British America, 68; in countries not speci- fied, 3. ^KB.— Males, 3,667; females, 2,258. MAP OF SUMNER pOUNTT, KANSAS, 1875. mv :rIII - »i Till Government Lands SAND, HCMALLY d CO.,HNG'S,CHICAaO, WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. 4 Minnesota Mississippi...- Missouri Nebraska Nevada 37 11 694 91 2 1 Virginia West Virginia 49 47 6 17 1 1,345 353 766 159 15 1 8 128 ■tfi California Colorado Delaware UUnois Wisconsin Sist. or ( :olumbia and the Territories Germany j... Ireland England and Wales Scotland France Other South of Europe British America.. 52 18 7 NevfTork ... 69 1 Jowa . - North Carolina.!., 1 7 Kentucky Maine Maryland Ma^sRchnsetts Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Vermont 228 86 34 13 5 7 8 1 n Michigan Born in Kansas, 600; not otherwise stated, 7. Occupation. — There are 1,128, or 83.3 per cent, engaged in Agriculture; 83, or 6.1 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 51, or 3.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 91, or 6.7 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. 276 State Board of Agriculture. County Seat. — Wellington, the county seat, is 154 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southwesterly direction. Face of the Countri/.— Bottom lands, 20 per cent.; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 3 per cent. ; prairie, 97 per cent. Average width of bottoms, 3i miles; general sur- face of the country, undulating. Timber. — The streams are skirted with narrow belts of timber, ranging from 5 to 40 rods in width. Varieties: cottonwood, elm, hackberry, walnut, box elder and ash. Principal Streams. — The Arkansas and Ninnescah rivers; Slate, Chicaspia, Fall, Bluff and Cowskin creeks. The course of these streams is from northwest to south- east The county is not largely supplied with springs; well water is obtained at a depth of from 10 to 40 feet. C'Ooal. — None has been developed; the indications are considered favorable, and boring is being prosecuted at Remanto, with strong hope of success. Building Stone, etc. — Stone is found in every township ; variety and character not stated. There are salt springs in township 34, range 2 east, and township 33, range 2 east; manufacture, about 1,000 lbs. per day. Fire clay abounds generally throughout the county, but sometimes at great depth; the same is true as to gypsum. BaUroad Oonnections. — No railroads have yet been constructed in the county. AgriavXtural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 760,320; taxable acres, 284,715; under cultivation, 39,728.96; cultivated to taxable acres, 13.98 per cent. : increase of cultivated acres during the year, 4,362.96. ACEBAGB, AVERAOB YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu, Eye -bu. Spring Wbeat bu, Com bu. Barley _ ...bu. Oats -- bu Buckwheat ...bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans — bu. Cotton B>s; Flax -- - bu. Tobacco - lbs. Broom Corn Bis, Uilletand Hungarian tons 15,276.00 1,382.50 7.00 18,853 00 4.00 2,863,90 9 00 245,00 16.04 303,15 6.60 1.62 76.00 .26 65 00 721.00 22.00 23.00 13,00 42.00 26,00 32 00 21,00 125,00 166,00 120,00 16,00 150.00 10.00 640.00 750.00 2.60 336,072 29,497 _ 91 791,826 104 91645 189 80.625 2,647 36,378 88 243 760 160 48,750 1,802 .40 ■e^x .sax 1.10 .24 .70 .45 70 .45 1.25 .08 .95 .06 .05 $285,661.20 11,798.80 61.42 178,160.85 114.40 21,994.80 182.30 13,781.25 1,862.90 16 370.10 110.00 19.44 722.00 9.60 2,437.60 7,883 75 Dairy Products. — Butter manufactured in 1875, 56,800 lbs. Phrm Animals.— TSnmher of horses, in 1875, 1,767. Mules and asses, m 1875, 420. Cattle, in 1875, 4,171. Sheep, in 1875, 892. Swine, in 1875, 3,707. /Jog's.— Number of dogs in the county, 687; number of sheep killed by dogs, 23; value of sheep killed by dogs, $53.59. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 4; value of sheep killed by wolves, $9.32. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries,. 43.36; orchards, 650.37; vineyards, 4.87. Fences. — No returns of fences from this county. Herd Law — The herd law has been in force throughout the county since April, 1872. A correspondent says: " "We could not get along withoat this law, as we have but little timber, consequently no fences." J^'ouETH Annual Report. 277 WaUr Powers.— There are good powers, but very little devoloped as yet. There is one saw mill on the Cowskin. Manufaotures. — C&\AwA\ township, steam saw mill. Belle Plaine township, steam saw mill. Oxford township, water-power flouring mill; one horse-power flouring mill. Walton township, one steam saw mill; one salt works. 5araA*.— There is one private banking house at Wellington, that of John G. Woods. Newspapers.— There, is one weekly paper, the Sumrw County Press, published at Wellington. Schocis, ete.— Organized school districts, 73; school houses, 39; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $36,348. CAMrcAes.— Presbyterian: Organizations 4, membership 80, church edifices 1, valuation $8,000. Congregational: Organizations 1, membership 10, Baptist: Or- ganizations 3, membership 75. Metliodist- Organizations4, membership 100. Cath- olic: Organizations 4, membership 500. Libraries.— '21 private libraries, containing 1,698 volumes, are reported from five townships. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. —Po\m^s of wool produced, 3,539. , Fasfi'e*.— Farm laborers, per month, with board, $15 to $20; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1 .50; carpenters, per day, $2 to $4; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $3 to $4; house painters, per day, $1.50 to $3.50; wagon makers, per day, $1.75 to $3.35; blacksmiths, per day, $3 to $3.50; shoemakers, per day, $3 to $3; harness makers, per day, $3 to $3.50; tailors, per day, $3 to $4; printers, per day, $2 to $4; clerks, per month, $35 to $30; tinners, per day, $3 to $3. Prices of unoccupied land range from $1.35 to $4 per acre. WABAUNSEE COUNTY. Organized in 1859. Named to commemorate the fame of a war chief of the Pot- tawatomie tribe, who, though his exploits were achieved east of the Mississippi, removed with his tribe to Kansas. Square miles, 804. Population to square mile, 5.78. Population in 1860, 1,033; in 1870, 3,362: increase in ten years, 3,339; popu- lation In 1875, 4,649: increase in five years, 1287: increase in fifteen years, 3,636. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships akd I ITIES. Pop. Townships akd Cities. Pop. 645 438 133 664 Farmer,__ — Mission Creek 249 605 659 Maple Hill 263 Mill Creek Newbury 680 Rock Creek Wabaunsee Washington 334 278 State Board of Agriculture. MAP OP WABA0NSEE COUNTY, KANSAS, . 1875. JBelTiie . 6 Wamctro S; 6 St.llfarrs 3.,2fc2V;4 0..,(7«capoliX JKXI 1 K.P.E.E.Lands I M.K.& T.K.K.LandB rXII 31X111 ||A.T.&S.P.K.E.Landa I GoverumeiLt Lands Nativity. — Bom in the United States, 3,690; in Germany, 536; in Ireland, 53; in England and Wales, 102; in Scotland, 28; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 125; Fourth Annual Eepobt. 279 in France, 22; in Nortli of Europe, 9; in South of Europe, 19; in British America, 60; in countries not specified, 6 (S«a!.— Males, 2,494; females, 2,155. I WHERE ITROM TO KANSAS. Arkansas 1 Califorola Colorado Connecticut Delaware 1 B 72 1 Illinois 567 Indiana 327 Iowa — 235 53 Louisiana ___ Maine 6 11 10 Massachusetts Michigan 49 138 Minnesota 62 Mississippi 4 Missouri 34ii Nebraska s. Nevada 1 New Hampshire a NewJersey 21 New York no North Carolina 12 Ohio 3^6 Pennsylvania 214 Tennessee 105 Texas a Vermont... _ 19 Virginia 8 Wisconsin 144 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 16 Germany 143 Ireland, 1 England and Wales 48 Scotland 8 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 88 Prance 13 Other North of Europe 12 British America 53 Born in Kansas, 1,337; not otherwise stated, 26. Occupation. — There are 1,005, or 82.1 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 98, or 8 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 28, or 2.2 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 93, or 7.5 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Alma, the county seat, is 83 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a westerly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom land, 15 per cent; upland, 85 percent.; forest, 4 per cent.; prairie, 96 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one mile; general sur- face of the country, western and eastern portions, undulating; central part, bluffy; southeast of the centre, there is considerable level land. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-quarter mUe. Varieties: walnut, oak, hickory, cottonwood and sycamore. PrincipaZ Streams. — Mill creek, flowing from southwest to northeast. Mission creek, southwest to northeast. Dragoon creek, west to east. Rock creek, east and northeast, to west and southwest, and numerous small streams. Mill creek is 36 miles long, and empties into the Kansas river. The springs are few, but excellent. Good well water reached at a depth of from 20 to 50 feet. Coal. — Coal is supposed to underlie 25 per cent, of the area of the county, at an average depth below the surface of 15 feet, cropping out in the ravines. Thickness of veins about 14 inches; quality, inferior. W. W. Cone states that a six-inch vein was at one time worked in township 13, range 13, and in township 12, range 12 east, but that the mining has been abandoned. Borings have been made to the depth of 500 feet, but no paying veins found. Building Stone, etc. — Blue and white limestone of superior quality is found in every township. Very strong salt brine was discovered in the artesian well at Alma, at a depth of 174 feet; at a depth of 378 feet it was much stronger; the boring ceased at a depth of 585 feet, when a chemical analysis proved the water to be al- most free of all obnoxious mineral matter, and only 14 degrees below the strength of the water at the celebrated Syracuse works. The well is being successfully worked, and salt manufactured both by natural and artificial heat. Fire clay was found in the well above mentioned at various depths, from 64 to 370 feet. Railroad; Connections. — None have been built in the county. Agricultural Statistics. —k.cres in the county, 514,560; taxable acres, 417,629; under cultivation, 41,299.04; cuhivatefl to taxable acres, 9.89 per cent.; increase of cultivated acres during the year, 6,266.04. 2S0 State Board of Agriculture. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wlieat bu. Rye - bu, Spring Wheat bu Corn bu. Barley bu Oats - bu. Buckwheat bu Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum _ gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton JbB. Flax bu. Tobacco - lbs. Broom Corn Bs. Millet and Hungarian ttms Timothy tons Clover tons Prairie tons 4,146.00 1,522.00 1,901.50 14..366.50 482.00 4,411.75 13.25 597.37 49.12 174.30 89.50 2.00 456.75 2.00 89.00 1,566.00 9.00 1.50 7,095.50 18.00 16.00 11.00 40.00 23.00 26.00 18.00 100.00 153.00 90.00 14.00 60.00 8.00 600.00 720.00 2.00 1.00 2.25 1.50 K 111 74,628 24.352 20,916 574 660 11,086 110,294 238 59,737 7,516 15,687 553 100 3,654 1,200 64,080 3,132 9 8 10,643 $ .95 .58 .60 1.23 .27 .80 .30 .75 .47^, 1.10 .09 1.00 .07 .05 4.50 7.00 6.00 8.50 iJ o $ 70,896.60 14,124 16 12,549.60 129,298.50 13,635.78 29,779.38 190.40 17,921.10 5,636.25 7,451 32 608.30 9.00 3,654.00 84.00 3,204.00 14,094.00 63 00 18.00 87,250.00 Dairy Products.— Cheese manufactured in 1870, 12,054 lbs.; in 1875, 20,420 lbs.: increase, 8,366 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 69,685 lbs.; in 1875, 143,412 lbs. -. increase, 72,727 lbs. Farm Jmmois.— Number of horses in 1870, 1,983; in 1875, 2,872: increase, 889. Mules and asses, in 1870, 97; in 1875, 182: increase, 85. Cattle, in 1870, 6,570; in 1875, 13,106: increase, 5,596. Sheep, in 1870, 862; in 1875, 1,316: increase, 354. Swine, in 1870, 1,466; in 1875, 1,728: increase, 263. Dogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 805; number of sheep killed by dogs, 77; value of sheep killed by dogs, $179.41. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 19; value of sheep killed by wolves, $44.27. Horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 10.50; orchards, 653.87; vineyards, 14.37. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 16; pounds of honej-, 15; wax, 10. Fences.— Stone, 35,333 rods; cost, $79,272. Bail, 121,054 rods; cost, $163,422.90. Board, 21,891 rods; cost, $36,738.25. Wire, 17,700 rods; cost, $11,947.50. Hedge, 18,926 rods; cost, $10,409.30. Total rods of fence, 214,303; total cost, $291,790.45. Serd Law. — Herd law not in force. A correspondent writes that "a large ma- jority are opposed to it." Water Powers. — There is an abundance of water powers, but litlle utilized for want of capital. One water-power flouring and saw mill at Alma. Manufactures. — Alma township, salt works, water-power saw and flouring mill; two saw mills, wagon and carriage factory. Maple Hill township, water-power saw mill. Wabaunsee township, cheese factory. Mission Creek township, two cheese factories, one knit goods factory. Washington township, steam saw mill. Berlina, steam saw mill. Banks. — Farmers' Savings Bank, of Alma; Western Financial Association, Alma. Newspapers. — The Nhos, published weekly at Alma. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 53; school houses, 43; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $41,279. Clmrches. — Congregational: Organizations, 3, membership 112, church edifices 1, valuation, $3,500. Baptist: Organizations 1, membership 30. Methodist: Organi- zations 1, membership 178, church edifices 1, valuation $800. Episcopal: Member- ship 7. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 230, church edifices 1, valuation $500. Lutheran : Organizations 2, membership 35. Fourth Annual Report. 381 Libraries.— Two townships report H private libraries, containing 1,730 volumes. Zands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous.— Produce of gardens marketed, $332.83; poultry and eggs sold during the year, |3,256; pounds of wool produced, 4,490. Wc^eg.—Fa,rm laborers, per month, with board, fl5 to $18; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1.25; carpenters, per day, $2 to $2.50; brick- layers and stonemasons, per day, $2 to $2.50; house painters, per day, $1.50 to $2; shoemakers, per day, $2 to $3.50; clerks, per month, $40 to $50. Prices of unoccupied land range from $1.50 to $7.60 per acre. WASHINGTON COUNTY. Organized in 1860. Named in honor of the first President of the United States Square miles, 900. Population to square mile, 9.57. Popalation in 1860, 383; in 1870, 4,081: increase in ten years, 3,698; population in 1875, 8,621: increase in five years, 4,540: increase in fifteen years, 8,238. POPULATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 255 427 705i 841 Clifton 940 1,109 1,299 214 1,167 816 HoUenberg _ Lincoln . . _ _ Little Blue Mill Creek 848 Washington Naiiijity. — Born in the United States, 6,982; in Germany, 621; in Ireland, 143; in England and Wales, 163; in Scotland, 64: in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 217; in Prance, 10; in North of Europe, 2; in South of Europe, 118: in British America, 297; in countries not specified, 4. Sex. — Males, 4,566; females, 4,055. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama ___ _ Arkatiaas . 1 1 7 4 27 1,589 347 1,559 69 5 20 5 26 175 Minnesota Missouri ■ — . 107 523 California Colorado Connecticut Nebraska Nevada New Jersey .... 260 2 31 Illinois New York -— 245 15 Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Ohio Oregon __. Pennsylvania Rhode Island — . 489 1 79 4 Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Tennessee Texas Vermont .... 13 5 4 Virginia 66 WestVirginia 18 Wisconsin 416 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories..'. 10 Germany 191 Ireland 3 England and Wales 33 Scotland 9 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark 77 South of Europe 10 British America 197 Bom in Kansas, 1,975; not otherwise stated, 3. Occupation. — There are 1,806, or 86.6 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 75, or 3.6 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 58, or 2.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 143, or 6.8 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. Oownty S«a<.— Washingtiin, the county seat, is 90 miles in an airline from To- peka, in a northwesterly direction. 282 State Board op Aqeioultuee. Pace oftTie Country.— 'Bottom land, 8 per cent.; upland, 92 per cent.; forest, 2 per cent.; prairie, 98 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one-half mile; general surface of the country, undulating. BAND, MCNALLY A CO.,B?(a'8,CBI0AO0t K.S.Agricultural Col. Lands Timber. — Average width of timber belts — on Mill creek, one-quarter mile; others narrow. Varieties: elm, cottonwood, walnut and oak. Principal Streams. — The Little Blue, direction southwest; principal tributaries, Mill and Coon creeks, flowing east. Pete's creek. Parson's creek, etc., flow south into the Republican. Fourth Annual Repoet. 383 Coal. — None of consequence has been developed: the little that has been discov- ered is of inferior quality. , Building Stone, etc. — There is an aoundance of limestone in the eastern, north- ern and western tiers of townships; an abundance of pottery clay, whicli is being utilized at Hanover; gypsum reported to be plenty on the Blue and on Mill creek. Baiiroad Connections. — The St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad runs across the northeastern corner of the county. Station, Hanover. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 576,000; taxable acres, 285,733; under cultivation, 80,856.31; cultivated to taxable acres, 28.29 percent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 14,751.21. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PEOBUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat __hn. Spring Wheat i,bu. Com bu. Barley __ ^ ...bu. Gate bu. bu. Potatoes, Irish „...bu. bu. Sorgham -- -gall. ...bu. Cotton .B)s. Flax ..bu. Hemp B>s. Tobacco -- .!bs Broom Corn „ ....lbs. Millet and Hungarian ...tons Clover tons Prairie.. , tons 7,8a3.00 5,.S98.75 25,945.00 20,309.00 2,596.-33 7,887,25 S7.12 655.24 6.65 345.26 40.75 827.00 10.99 252.37 408.50 108.25 12.25 200.00 18.00 22.00 14.00 40.00 22,00 39.00 22.00 105.00- 145.00 110.00 15.00 9.00 570.00 730.00 2.25 1.25 2.60 1.50 140,814 118,772 363,330 812,360 57,119 288,103 1,257 68,800 964 37,979 61t 7,443 6,264 184,230 919 135 31 300 $ .85 .55 .65 .26 1.20 .30 .70 .25 .75 .40 1.00 .95 06 .05 3.00 6.00 5.50 3.00 a D BO if? $119,691.90 65,324.60 236,099.50 162,472.00 68,542 80 - 86,430.90 879.90 17,200 00 723.00 15,191.60 611.00 7,070.85 3i5 84 9.211.50 2,757.00 810.00 170.50 900.00 Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 200 lbs.; in 1875, 1,250 lbs.: in- crease, 1,050 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 53,182 lbs.; in 1875, 197,698 lbs.: increase, 144,516 lbs. \ Farm Animtds.—lSnmbeT of horses in 1870, 735; in 1875, 3,713: increase, 2,978. Mules and asses, in 1870, 56.; in 1875, 263: increase, 207. Cattle, in' 1870, 2,399; in 1875, 9,445: increase, 7,046.' Sheep, in 1870, 452; in 1875, 711: increase, 259. Swine, m 1870, 761; in 1875, 5,473: increase, 4,712. Bogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 1,582; number of sheep killed by dogs, 25; valujB of sheep killed by dogs, $58.25. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 8; value of sheep killed by wolves, $18.64. BbrticuUure. — Acres of nurseries, 15; orchards, 1,008.31; vineyards, 12,37. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 7. Fences.— Stone, 3,279 rods; cost, $9,837. Rail, 38,272 rods; cost, $52,624. Board, 14,171 rods;. cost, $23,673.60. Wire, 5,500 rods; cost, $4,785. Hedge, 64,959 rods; cost, $30,855. 52. Total rods of fence, 126, 181 ; total cost, $120,775.12. Herd Law. — The herd law has been in force for the past five years throughout the eutire county. A correspondent writes: "We could not get along without a herd law; but the law needs modifying, making a night herd law alone for four months in the winter." Water Powers.— The Little Blue affords good power, but little utilized. Mill creek affords power three-flfths of the year, and is fully employed. 284 State Board of Ageioultuee, Manufactures. — Hanover township, water-power flouring mill, capital |8,000; pottery, brewery, brick factory. Hollenberg township, water-power flouring mill, capital $3,000. Mill Creek township, water-power grist mill, capital $1,000. Wash- ington township, two water-power saw mills, steam saw mill, cheese factory, furni- ture factory, two water-power flouring mills, and water and steam-power flouring mill. Strawberry township, wind grist mill. Banks. — George W. Shriner & Co., Washington. Business Houses of Principal Town. — Agricultural implements and wagons, 3; drugs, oils and paints, 3; furniture and upholstery, 1; hardware, 1; lumber, 3; millinery, 2; general country stores, 14; saddles and harness, 2; sewing machines, 2. 2{ewspapers. — The iJ^pwWjcare, published weekly, at Washington, and the Inde- pendent, weeltly, at Hanover. Schools, fie— Organized school districts, 108; school houses, 86; value of school buildings cnl grounds, furniture and apparatus, $57,970. C/t«rc/tes. — Presbyterian; Organizations 2, membership 60, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Baptist; Organizations 5, membership 198. United Presby- terian: Organizations 1, membership 20. Methodist: Organizations 3, membership 259, church property $600. Episcopal; Memberships. Catholic: Organizations 4, membership 500, church edifices 2, valuation $1,000. Xiiran'e*.— -There are but four private libraries, with 590 volumes, reported. These are in two townships. Lands. — The u'nsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $505.25; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $4,079.75; pounds of wool produced, 2,050. Wages.— Fa.i-m laborers, per month, with board, $17; laborers in cities or on pub- lic improvements, per day, |1; carpenters, per day, $3; bricklayers and stonema- sons, per day, $3; house painters, per day, $3; wagon makers, per day, $2.50; blacksmiths, per day, $2.50; shoemakers, per day, $3.50; harness makers, per day, $3.50; printers, per day, $3; tinners, per day, $3. Vacant lands range from $2 to $7 per acre. WILSON COUNTY. Organized in 1865. Named in honor of Colonel H. T. Wilson, of Fort Scott, Kansas. Square miles, 576. Population to square mile, 16.93. Population in 1860, 37; in 1870, 6,694: increase in ten years, 6,667; population in 1875, 9,749; increase in five years, 3,053: increase in fifteen years, 9,723. POPULATION OP 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. TowNSiiirs AND Cities. Pop. TowNsnirs and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Cedar _ . 725 .WH 481 865 5(i2 917 Frcdonia 555 687 1,0.51 725 Centre Colfax 698 421 t'he'opn - Clifton Fall River Guilford - Neodesha City Neodesha Newark 513 Pleasant Valley Prairie. Tulleyrand _ 448 Verdigris - Fourth Annual Report. 285 Nativity. — Born in the United States, 9,263; in Germany, 108; in Ireland, 46; in England and Wales, 89; in Scotland, 35; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 119; in Prance, 17; in North of Europe, 1; in South of Europe, 18; in British Amer- ica, 55; in countries not specified," 3. (Sfea.— Males, 5,097; females, 4,653. MAP OF WILSOK COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. Rxm K.XV iiXVI rXVII SAXD, MCrfALLV A CO.,ENG'8,CHICAGOt WHERE FEOM TO KANSAS. Arkansas 35 Minnesota 38 Wisconsin 131 California 3 Missonri 1,466 Dist. of Colnmbia and the Colorado 9 Nebraska 43 Territories S Connecticut 7 Nevada 1 Germany 17 4 New Jersey . . 10 Ireland 1 Illinois 2,315 1,23? S67 86 England and Wales Scotland . 4 Nortli Carolina 17 1 Iowa Ohio 480 Sweden, Norway and Den- mark Kentucky 802 Pennsylvania 95 lUil Lonisiana ..:... 12 Tennessee 57 Eranoe 1 Maine 6 Texas 48 Other North of Europe 1 Maryland — j 9 Vermont- 8 Other South of Europe u MaBsacboBetlie ...... .5 Virginia 29 British America ^ 4 MicMgan fe West Virginia - 27 Born in Kansas, 2,205; not pthei-wise stated, 39. 286 State Board of Ageioulttjre. Occupation.— There are 1,886, or 82.3 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 149, or 6.5 per cent, in Professional and Personal service; 74, or 3.3 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 181, or 7.4 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Fredonia, the county seat, is 102 miles from Topeka, in a south- erly direction. Face of the Country. — Bottom lands, 20 per cent. ; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 8 percent.; prairie, 92 per cent. Average width of river bottoms proper, from 1 to \\ miles; general surface of the country, level, some portions gently undulat- ing, but few bluffs. Timber. — Width of timber belts from one-half to one and one-half miles. Varieties: oak, hickory, walnut, hackberry, elm, soft maple, pecan, coffee bean, with considerable sycamore, ash, cherry and linn, or basswood; some cedar on the river bluffs. Principal Streams. — Verdigris and Fall rivers, running southeast; Cedar and Sandy creeks, tributaries of the Verdigris, running southwest; Duck creek, tributary of Fall river, i-unning north; Buffalo creek, tributary of the Verdigris, Tunning southwest, and numerous smaller streams'. There are a good many springs, and well water is obtained at a depth of from 13 to 30 feet. Coal. — Coal is supposed to underlie the whole county. Thickness from six inches to three feet; found at the surface in the eastern part of the county, dipping west. Quality good; used for fuel throughout the county, and for local mechan- ical purposes. Budding Stone, etc. — Good lime and sandstone is well distributed over the county; there are salt springs and marshes near Fredonia, and fire-clay in the vicinity of Fall and Verdigris rivers. Bailroad Connections. — No railroads have yet been constructed in the county. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 368,640; taxable acres, 273,750; under cultivation, 106,162.87; cultivated to taxable acres, 38.78 per cent. : increase of cultivated acres, 17,770.87. ACREAGE, AVERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bu. Spring Wheat bu. Corn bu. Barley bu. Oats. bu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum ■. gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton -* lbs. Flax bu Hemp fts. Tobacco B)s. Broom Corn _ ' lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy. tons Clover tons Prairie tons 15,092.00 543,50 13H,00 32,902,00 21.00 3,974.75 37 00 TBI. 97 6^.54 722,62 1,067 00 176.00 1,157.50 16 75 23,17 92.04 855,00 162,60 185,12 28,879.33 20.00 20 00 12.00 42,00 30 00 40,00 22 00 150.00 155,00 120,00 18.00 200 10,00 700 00 700.00 780.00 2,75 1.25 2.75 1.50 301.840 10,850 1,6H8 1,381,884 630 158.990 814 105,295 10,159 86,714 19,206 35,200 11,575 11,725 16,219 71,791 2,351 203 509 43,319 .68 ,80 .19 i.ia ,18 .80 •32H .65 .SIX .90 .09 1.18 .60 .08 .07 6,50 8.00 8.00 3.25 SB PS J O $268,637.60 6.293.00 1,334 40 262,657.96 743,40 28,616.20 651,20 84,220 8T 6.603.35 32,517.75 17,285.40 3,168.00 13,658,50 7,035,00 1,297 52 5,025,37 1.5,281,50 1,624,00 4,072,00 140,786.73 Dairy Products.— Cheese man:factured in 1870, 610 lbs.; in 1875, 2,133 lbs.: in- crease, 1,522 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 52,720 lbs.; in 1875, 211,343 lbs, s increase, 158,622 lbs. Fourth Annual Report. 287 Farm ^Mm«.J«.— Number of horses in 1870, 1,310; in 1875, 3,951: increase, 2,741. Mules and asses in 1870, 108; in 1875, 401; increase, 293. Cattle in 1870, 4,896; in 1875, 14,843: increase, 9,946. Sheep, in 1870, 3,368; in 1875, 1,769: decrease, 599. Swine, in 1870, 1,865; in 1875, 5,999: increase, 4,184. Dogs. — Number ol dogs in the county, 1,514; number of sheep killed by dogs, 367; value of sheep killed by dogs, $831.81. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 28; value of sheep killed by wolves, $65.24. horticulture. — Acres of nurseries, 48.50; orchards, 3,797; vineyards, 64.35. ApiacuUure. — Number of stands of bees, 147; pounds of honey, 362; wax, 9. Fences.— Lionel, 6,824 rods; cost, $17,060. Rail, 391,289 rods; cost, $557,586.83. Board, 45,844 rods; cost, $68,766. Wire, 44,400 rods; cost, $35,964. Hedge, 133,081 rods; cost, $66,540.50. Total rods of fence, 621,438; total cost, $745,917.33. Herd Law. — Not in force. Water Powers. — There are two water-power mills on Fall river, two on the Ver- digris, and several unimproved powers. Manufactures. — Neodesha township, 1 steam flouring mill, 1 steam saw and planing mill, 1 water-power flouriug mill. Cedar township, 3 water and steam- power flouring and saw miUs. Fall River township, 1 steam saw mill and 3 steam saw and flouring mills. Guilford township, 1 steam and water-power flouring and saw mill. Verdigris township, 1 steam-power flouring and saw mill. Clifton town- ship, 1 steam-power saw mill. Centre township, 2 water-power flouring mills. Banks. — The following are the banks and banking houses: Wilson County Sav- ings Bank, Fredonia; the Neodesha Savings Bank, Neodesha; R. M. Foster & Co., Fredonia, the aggregate capital being $57,313. Newspapers. — There are two weekly papers published in the county, the WUsoti County Gititen, at Fredonia, and the Free Press, at Neodesha. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 91; school houses, 86; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $64,850. Ohurches. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 20, church edifices 1, valuation $2,500. Congregational: Organizations 4, membership 154, church edi- fices 3, valuation $5,600. Baptist: Organizations 6, membership 350, church edi- fices 1, valuation $400. Methodist: Organizations 30, membership 797, church edifices 2, valuation $6,500. Catholic: Organizations 3, membership 350, church edifices 1. Libraries. — 36 private libraries, containing 1,213 volumes, are all reported; only four townships out of 16 giving returns. Lands. — The unsold lands are shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $3,284.50; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $3,439; pounds of wool produced, 6,351. Wages. — Farm laborers, per month, with board, $16 to $20; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1.50 to $2; carpenters, per day, $3 to $2.50; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $3.00 to $3.50; housepainters, per day, $3.50; wagon makers, per day, $3 to $4; .shoemakers, per day, $2 to $3; harness makers, per day, $2 to $3; printers, per day, $1.50 to $3; printers, per 1,000 ems, 40 to 60 cents; clerks, per month, $20 to $50; tinners, per day, $3 to $4. Vacant lands range from $2 to $6 per acre. 288 State Board oi' Agriculture. WOODSON COUNTY. Organized in 1855. Named in honor of Daniel Woodson, -who was Secretary of Kansas Territory, and for some time, in 1856, acting Governor. Square miles, 504 Population to square mile 8.88. Population in 1860, 1,488; in 1870, 3,827: increase in ten years, 2,339; population in 1875, 4,476: increase in five years, 649: increase in fifteen years, 2,988. ItXIII MAP OF WOODSON COUNTT, KANSAS, 1875. axiv uxv kxvi rXVII L.L.& G.H.R.LaBds M.K.& T.E.R,Lands Government LandsB "'•°' "'"'"■^ * co..b»q's,chh:aoo. POPULATION OB" 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 442 601 607 402 642 349 310 Liberty Neosho Palls 830 Owl Creek Perry Toronto 393 in Nativity.— Boxn in tie United States, 3,984; in Germany, 226; in Ireland, 50; ii England and Wales, 39; in Scotland, 10; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 8, in France, 8 ; in North of Europe, 6 ; in South of Europe, 10 ; in British America, 114 ; in countries not specified, S. «««.— Males, 2,396; females, 2,080. Fourth Annual Repoet. 289 WHERE FKOM TO KANSAS. Arkansas - 17 Missouri Nebraslva Nevada New Jersey 471 19 1 13 Wisconsin Dist. of Columbia and the Territories Germany Ireland England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark Other North of Europe 71 California Colorado Connecticut ^— . :::;::: il 1,033 466 852 60 10 1 g 19 98 Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maine New York North Carolina Ohio , 141 14 231 , 77 6 8 3 Rhode Island — 8 8 Maryland Tennessee - .Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia 18 16 10 21 9d 1 1 Michigan ....:.. 57 afi 17 British America 80 Mississippi Born in Kansas, 1,056; not otherwise stated, 4. Occupation. — Tiiere are 846 or 80.8 per cent., engaged in Agriculture; 73, or 6.9 per cent., in Professional and Personal service; 36, or 3.4 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 93, or 8.8 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. Ooimty Seat. — Defiance, the county seat, is 83 miles in an air line from Topeka, in a southerly direction. Face of the (Jountry. — Bottom land, 10 per cent.; upland, 90 per cent.; forest, 6 per cent. ; prairie, 94 per cent. Average width of bottoms, from one-half mile to two miles; general surface of the country, gently undulating. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one-half mile. Varieties: oak, hickory, black walnut, hackberry, honey locust, pecan, sycamore, elm and Cottonwood. Principal Streams. — The Neosho river enters the county near the northeastern corner, and runs across the corner of the county in a southeasterly direction; the principal tributaries are Owl and Cherry creeks. The Verdigris river runs across the extreme southwestern corner of the county in a southeasterly direction; principal tributary, Big Sandy. The county is not well supplied with springs; good well water at a depth of from 30 to 40 feet. Coal. — Coal has not been developed in appreciable quantities. Building Stone, etc. — Stone abundant and well distributed; varieties not stated. JRailroad^ Connections. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad runs across the northeastern corner of the county in a southeasterly direction, following the valley of the Neosho. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 323,560; taxable acres, 363,177; under cultivation, 47,863.81; cultivated to taxable acres, 18.35 per cent. : increase of cultivated acres during the year, 5,760.81. ACEBAGE, AVEEAGB YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CHOPS. 2,363.00 274.00 9.00 14,009.50 3,295.00 39.50 483.95 20.74- 387.75 126.75 5.62 1,510.60 9.75 54.00 881.50 90.00 62.00 16,480.00 < g b n o ^ (U Winter Wheat hu. Eye - bu. Spring Wheat bu. Corn bu. Oats hu. Buckwheat bu. Potatoes, Irish bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton lbs. Flax bu. Tobacco lbs. Broom Com lbs. Millet and Hungarian tons Timothy tons Clover ...tons Prairie to ns 19 18,00 18.00 11.00 40.00 40.00 21.00 100.00 163.00 110.00 16.00 125.00 9.00 625.00 760.00 2.60 1.00 2.26 1.25 42,534 4,932 99 660,380 131,800 829 48,.395 8,173 42,652 2,028 702 13,594 6,094 41,040 2,204 90 139 20,600 $1.00 .68 .80 .20 .20 .80 .35 .66 .40 .95 .08 1.05 .07 .06 5.75 8.00 7.50 8.25 $ 42,534.00 2,860.56 79.20 112,076.00 26,860.00 663.20 16,938 25 2,062.45 17,060.80 1,926.60 56.16 14,273.70 436 58 2.462.40 12,678,00 720.00 967.50 66,950.00 290 State Board of agriculture. Dairy Products.— Chuase manufactured in 1870, 2,900 lbs; in 1875, 1,795 lbs.: decrease, 1,105 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 45,199 lbs.; in 1875, 113,361 lbs.: increase, 68,163 lbs. Farm Animals. — Number of horses in 1870, 870; in 1875, 1,941: increase, 1,071. Mules and asses, in 1870, 54; in 1875, 196: increase, 142. Cattle, in 1870, 3,638; in 1875, 10,103: increase, 6,465. Sheep, in 1870, 2,314; in 1875, 3,818: increase, 1,604. Swine, in 1870, 889; in 1875, 2,092: increase, 1,203. . Bogs. — Number of dogs in the county, 880; number of sheep killed by dogs, 86; value of sheep killed by dogs, $300.38; number of sheep killed by wolves, 14; value of sheep killed by wolves, $33.63. MorticuUure — Acres of nurseries, 19.50; orchards, 1,375.35; vineyards, 9.31. Apiaculture. — Number of stands of bees, 152; pounds of honey, 1,545; wax, 67. Fences.— Qione, 3,338 rods; cost, $7,904. Rail, 150,556 rods; cost, $203,350.60. Board, 30,480 rods; cost, $36,576. Wire, 18,400 rods; cost, $13,800. Hedge, 41,157 rods; cost, $20,578.50. Total rods of fence, 243,921; total cost, $282,109.10. Water Powers. — There is excellent water power on the Neosho, at Neosho Falls, and a good dam has been built. Manufactures. — Neosho Falls township, water-power saw and flouring mill, capital $8,000; water-power woolen mill, capital $5,000; steam saw mill, capital $1,000; wagon and plow manufactory, capital $300; furniture manufactory (water power), capital $200. Toronto township, grist and saw mill, furniture factory. Centre township, grist and saw mill. Owl Creek township, steam saw mill. i^ Banks. — There are no banking houses in the county at present. Business Mouses of Principal Towns. — Agricultural implements and wagons, 2; boots and shoes, 1; confectionery, 1; drugs, oils and paint, 3; furniture and^ uphol- stery, 2; hardware, 2; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 1; lumber, 1; millinery," 2; general country stores, 12; saddles and harness, 1. Newspapers. — There is one weekly paper, the Woodson County Post, published at Neosho Falls. Schools, etc. — Organized school districts, 53; school houses, 54; value of school buildings and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $36,905. Churclies. — Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 75, church edifices 1, valu- ation $3,400. Congregational: Organizations 3, membership 70. Baptist: Organ- izations 3, membership 110. United Presbyterian: Organizations 3, membership 40. Methodist: Organizations 6, membership 200, church edifices 1, valuation $3,000. Catholic: Organizations 1, membership 100. Universalist: Organizations 1, membership 11. Libraries. — Four townships report five public and 61 private libraries, containing 4,695 volumes. Lands. — The unsold lands are "shown on the accompanying map of the county. Miscellaneous. — Produce of gardens marketed, $646; poultry and eggs sold during the year, $1,365; pounds of wool produced, 18,405. Vacant lands i-ange from |3 to $5 per acre Fourth Annual Report. 291 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. Organized in 1859. Received its name from the Wyandotte tribe of Indians, • whose reservation embraced most of the Territory out of which the county was formed. Square miles, 153. Population to square mile, 80.80. Population in 1860, 3,609; in 1870, 10,015: increase in ten years, 7,406; population in 1875, 12,363: increase in five years, 2,347: increase in fifteen years,. 9,753. POPITLATION OF 1875, BY TOWNSHIPS AND CITIES. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. Townships and Cities. Pop. 847 2,:350 Prairie 1,120 . 4,093 1,970 1,982 .Shawnee .. City of Wyandotte Wyandotte MAP OF WYANDOTTE COUNTY, KANSAS, 1875. '^ ST .1^ Parkyille Matwity.— Bom in the United States, 10,668; in Germany, 600; in Ireland, 513; In England and Wales, 148; in Scotland, 43; in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 155; in France, 36; in North of Europe, 33; in South of Europe, 56; in British America, 105, in countries not specified, 7. &».— Males, 6,398; females, 5,964. WHERE FROM TO KANSAS. Alabama 32 Arkansas 37 California 21 Colorado 21 Connecticut 22 Delaware 2 Florida 13 Georgia 7 Illinois 733 Indiana 339 Iowa .404 Kentucliy 237 Louisiana 35 Uaine 4r Maryland 37 Massachusetts 44 Michigan 130 Minnesota 53 Mississippi 25 Missouri 4,336 Nebraska 39 Nevada 7 NewHampshire 15 New Jersey 36 New York 224 North Carolina 48 Ohio 680 Oregon 6 Pennsylvania 335 Rhode Island 1 South Carolina :. 5 Tennessee 291 Texas 67 Vermont 13 Virginia 76 Wisconsin .-. 154 Dist. of Columbia and the Territories 34 Germany 118 Ireland . England and Wales Scotland Sweden, Norway and Den- mark France Other North of Europe... Other South of Europe. . . British America - - - 19 29 55 292 State Board of Ageicttlture. Born in Kansas, 3,308; not otherwise stated, 54. Oecupation.~Tb.eTe are 1,603, or 51.6 per cent, engaged in Agriculture; 696, or 32 per cent., in Prof essional and Personal service; 303, or 9.7 per cent., in Trade and Transportation; 503, or 16.3 per cent., in Manufactures and Mining. County Seat. — Wyandotte, the county seat, is 57 miles in an air line from To- peka, in an easterly direction. Face of the Country. —Bottom land, 30 per cent.; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 35 per cent.; prairie, 75 per cent. Average width of bottoms, one to two miles;, general surface of the country, undulating and bluffy. Timber. — Timber abounds to a greater or less extent throughout the county; the; entire county was formerly heavily timbered, except the extreme northern limit- Varieties: Cottonwood, walnut, oak, hickory, sycamore, pecan, hackberry, etc. Principal Streams. — The Missouri and Kansas rivers, flowing in a general south- east direction; each has numerous tributaries well distributed through the county. The county abounds in splendid springs; good well water obtained at a depth of from 30 to 50 feet Coal. — For the object of testing the practicability of reaching coal at Wyandotte,, boring has been for several months in progress, under the direction of a company organized for that purpose. The diameter of the bore is 4i inches. At the depth of 350 feet gas was struck. Boring has been continued, and a constant issue of gas has escaped since it was reached, in May last. It is estimated that 10,000 cubic feet of gas escape hourly, affording 240,000 feet every 34 hours; a sufficient quan- tity, it is estimated, to light a city of double the population of both Wyandotte and Kansas City. The boring has reached salt water, and the escaping gas forces up a. constant stream of this water to the height of from 13 to 15 feet. The gas roars like the escape of steam from an engine, and when ignited, as it has been at night, a continual column of flame, of several feet in diameter, is seen shooting into the- air to the height of 30 to 40 feet. This gas has been, as yet, utilized only in an ex- perimental way. A two-inch pipe conducts a sufficient quantity of it to the house of a Mr. Wilderman, to supply all needed light and fuel. The engine which is used, in continuing the boring for coal is constantly run by the use of this gas as its only- fuel. The gas burns with a strong, clear, white flame, and is free f lom sulphurous smell. The salt water yields 4i ounces of salt per gallon of water; the salt being^ free from impurities. At the depth of 500 feet coal had not yet been reached. Building Stone, etc. — Pine quarries of white magnesian limestone extend for five, miles along the Kansas river — ^it is similar to the Cottonwood Falls stone; also, an excellent quality of blue limestone for building purposes. The abutments and piers of the Kansas Pacific Railway bridges built the present season near Wyan- dotte are built of this stone. Bailroad Connections. — The Kansas Pacific Railway runs through the county, following the north bank of the Kansas river; principal stations, Wyandotte, Arm- strong and Edwardsville. The Missouri River Railroad (an extension of the Mis- souri Pacific Railroad,) follows the south bank of the Missouri river to Leaven- worth and Atchison; principal stations, Wyandotte, Quindaro, Pomeroy, Barker's. Tank, and Connor. Agricultural Statistics. — Acres in the county, 97,930; taxable acres, 90,500; un- der cultivation, 43,434.58; cultivated to taxable acres, 47.97 per cent.: increase of cultivated acres during the year, 13,964.58. 294 State Board of AGRicTJLTrrRE. ACREAGE, AATERAGE YIELDS, PRODUCT AND VALTJE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS. CROPS. Winter Wheat bu. Rye bii. Spring Wheat bu Com bu. Barley bu. Oats bu. Buckwheat- bu. Potatoes, Irish _bu. Sweet Potatoes bu. Sorghum _,.gall. Castor Beans bu. Cotton fi)s. Hemp - bu. Tobacco K>s. Broom Com lbs. Miilet and Hungarian tons Timothy : tons Clover • tons Prairie tons 1 < AvKUAGB Yield. i i i fa H 700.00 22.00 15,400 $1.10 $ 16,940.00 72.00 20.00 1.440 .63 907.20 25,078.00 48.00 1,103,432 .25 275,858.00 145.00 40.00 5,800 .35 2,030.00 911.60 23.00 20,063 1.10 22,058.30 1,249.00 140.00 ■ m„860 .40 69,94-1.00 88.58 175.00 16 501 1.20 18.601.20 114.00 105.00 11,970 .59 7,062 30 2.50 16.00 40 1.15 46.00 25.00 BO. 00 12 .08 .96 12.00 1,000.00 12,000 .68 8,160.00 9.75 800.00 7 800 .09 702.00 85.00 859.00 72."50 .OT 5,057.50 952.00 2.37 2,256 6.25 14,100 00 290.00 1.50 435 11.25 4,893.75 275.00 ■ 2.50 687 11.50 7,900.50 1,051.00 1..50 1,576 6.00 9,456.00 EXTRAOEDINAKT YlBLDS. — Statement of H, F. Reid, of Muncie: Potatoes: I plowed deep, and marked off in rows three feet apart, and dropped the potatoes about 1}4 fsst apart, one piece in a place, and covered deep. The variety planted was the Climax. After they were up 1 plowed them twice and hoed, hut did not hill them. I planted in the latter part of April and harvested early in October. The yield per acre was 325 bushels. The soil is a black sandy loam, on upland timbered land, and has been in cultivation two years, this being the second crop. The first crop was com. The cost of producing was as follows, per acre: Plowing, harrowing and marking $3.00 Seed, 8 Dushela, at $1.50 per bushel. 12.00 Planting -. 2.00 Cultivating _ 4.00 Harvesting - 9.75 $30.75 Statement of Morris Sherman, of Quindaro: Com: I plowed the ground eight inches deep and planted corn, the "Big Evans" variety, on the 17th of June. The soil is Missouri river bottom, sandy loam, tim- bered, and has been in cultivation four" years, producing that many crops of corn. I planted in rows, four feet apart each way, and plowed three times, and harvested the 20th of October. The yield was 90 bushels per acre. The cost of producing: was as follows: Plowing and harrowing, per acre f2.50 Seed, 20 cts., planting, 25 cts 45 Cultivating... 1.25 Harvesting and cribbing .- - 3.00 $7.20 I have 40 acres in yellow corn." It yields the best of any, and has taken the premium at the Kansas City Fair the past two years. Dairy Products. — Cheese manufactured in 1870, 828 lbs.; in 1875, 50 lbs.: de- crease, 778 lbs. Butter manufactured in 1870, 40,865 lbs.; in 1875, 94,408 lbs.: increase, 53,543 lbs. Farm Animals. — ^Number of horses, in 1870, 1,033; in 1875, 2,556: increase, 1,534. Mules and asses, in 1870, 233; in 1875, 479: increase, 346. Cattle, in 1870, 3,534; in 1875, 6,367: increase, 3,733. Sheep, m 1870, 492; in 1875, 473: decrease, 19. Swine, in 1870, 5,173; in 1875, 6,663: increase, 1,490. Dogs. — ^Number of dogs in the county, 1,578; number of sheep killed by dogs. FouETH Annual Report, 295 116; value of sheep killed by dogs, $370.28. Number of sheep killed by wolves, 16; value of sheep killed by wolves, $37.28. SortieuUure. — Acres of nurseries, 46; orchards, 2,249; vineyards, 150. ApiacvMwre. — ^Number of stands of bees, 178; pounds of honey, 1,168; wax, 345. Fences.— ^%onQ, 813 rods; cost, $2,335.75. Rail, 284,583 rods; cost, $384,583. Board, 31,480 rods; cost, 140,924. Wire, 31,700 rods; cost, $37,579. Hedge, 24,098 rods; cost, $15,663.70, Total rods of fence, 373,674; total cost, $370,985.45. Herd Law. — Herd law not in force; A letter says: " It would save an immense amount of fencing. Even in this timbered country we cannot afford to maintain fences." Manufactures. — Shawnee township, steam packing house, capital $120,000; steam packing house, capital $30,000; steam saw mill, capital $500; steam grease factory, capital $500; two steam packing houses, capital not given. Quindaro township, steam flouring mill, capital $5,000. Prairie township, steam saw mill, capital $800; lope factory. At Armstrong, machine shops of the Kansas Pacific Railway, and supply depot for the motive power department; near Armstrong, steam flouring mill, capital $5,000. Edwardsville, steam flouring and saw mill, capital $5,000. Pomeroy, steam flouring mill, capital $15,000. Wyandotte city, two steam flom-ing mills, capital $23,000; wagon and carriage manufactory, capital C3,000; steam flour mill, capital not given; tin, copper and sheet-iron works; two cigar manufactories; and repair shops of the Kansas Pacific Railway Company. Sflsrefts.— First National Bank of Wyandotte, capital $50,000; banking houses of Korthrup & Son, and of William Cook, both at Wyandotte. Business Houses of Principal Town. — City of Wyandotte: Agricultural imple- ments and wagons, 4; books, periodicals and stationery, 2; boots and shoes, 6; clothing and tailoring, 5; confectionery, 2; dry goods, 3; drugs, oils and paints, 6;' furniture and upholstery, 3; groceries, 18; gunsmiths, 1; hardware, 3; hats and caps, 2; jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., 3; lumber, 3; millineiy, 3; saddles and harness, 2; cooper shop, 1; broom factory, 1; flouring mills, 2; bakeries 2; tinware and hardware, 3; all other mercantile pursuitsnot herein mentioned, 22. Newspapers.— Th^s Qaiette and Herald, both weekly, published at Wyandotte. ScTiools, «fo.— Organized school districts, 39; school houses 43; value of school buildinga and grounds, furniture and apparatus, $89,513. A parochial (Catholic) school at Wyandotte. CAwrcAeg.— Presbyterian: Organizations 1, membership 9. Congregational: Or- ganizations 4, membership 133, church edifices 1, valuation, $3,000. Baptist: Organizations 5, membership 189, church edifices 1, valuation $1,500. Methodist: Organizations 6, membership 18S, church edifices 1, parsonages 2, valuation of buildings $3,000. Episcopal: Organizations 1, membership 39, church edifices 1, valuation $5,000. Catholic: Organizations 4, membership 1,000, church edifices 2, valuation $10,000. Libraries— One public library, containing 800 volumes, and 174 private libraries, aggregating 20,245 volumes, are reported in three townships. Lands. — There are no unsold lands in this county. Miscellanecms.—'PiodvLce of gardens marketed, $20,109; poultry and eggs sold during the year; $6,087; pounds of wool produced, 831. Wages.— Farm laborers, per month, with board, $10 to $16; laborers in cities or on public improvements, per day, $1 to $1.50; carpenters, per day, $1.50 to $3.50; bricklayers and stonemasons, per day, $2.50 to $3.50; house painters, per day, $1.50 to $2.50; wagon makers, per day, $1,35 to $2.60; blacksmiths, per day, $1.35 to $3; shoemakers, per day, $1.50 to $3; harness makers, per day, $1 to $3.75; tailors, 296 State Board of Ageictjlture. per day, $1 to $2.25; printers, per day, $1.50 to $2; per 1,000 ems, 40 cents; clerks, per month, $20 to $75; tinners, per day, $1 to $3. The price of vacant lands range from $5 to $13 per acre. No returns from the counties of Comanche, Harper, Kingman, Ness, Pratt, Kooks and Wallace. UNORGANIZED COUNTIES. GRAHAM COUNTY. Population, June 1, 1875, 96. First ground broken, May, 1872. Post Offices. — Graham and Houston. Face of the Cowwiry.— Bottom land, 20 per cent.; upland, 80 per cent.; forest, 2 per cent. Average width of bottoms, two miles; general surface, undulating, with rocky blufifs on south banks of streams. Timber. — Average width of timber belts, one and one-tenth miles. Varieties: white ash, elm, cottonwood, box elder, black walnut and hackberry. Principal Streams.— The south fork of the Solomon river flows nearly through the centre of the county. Bow creek flows through the north tier of townships, leaving the county at the northeast corner. The south fork of the Solomon has many tributaries, with an abundance of excellent water, and some timber. Bow ■ creek is heavily timbered for the last twelve miles of its course through the county. Goal. — None has been discovered. Building Stone.— Gooi limestone for building purposes exists, and on Coon creek are found beds of magnesian limestone. BaUroads. — None constructed, as yet, in the county. SiocA.— Number of horses, in 1875, 37; mules, 10; work oxen, 11 yoke; milch cows, 40; other cattle, 892. Behools. — One day school, and one Sabbath school. Lands.— School land unsold; only one deeded claim in the county. Crops of 187S.—Rye, 10 acres; winter wheat, 8; spring wheat, 130; barley, 40; oats, 40; corn, 300; potatoes, 10; sorghum, 30; flax, 5; total, 453 acres. Stock raising is the principal business. New breaking, 200 acres; about one-half in corn. HAMILTON COUNTY. Statement of W. B. Shaw, Syracuse, Hamilton county: First settlement in March, 1873, of thirty families. Additions were made until July, 1874, when there were fifty-nine or sixty families. On account of the drouth and grasshoppers all left, except about twenty families, who now remain, at this date, March 13, 1875. Principal Towras.— Syracuse is located on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Kail- road, about 14 miles east of State line, 12 miles east of Sargent, and one mile from Arkansas river. Contains 13 families. There are eight families residing within six miles of Syracuse. Sargent has only three families, some 60 or 70 families having moved on to Granada as the railroad was extended. FouETH Annual Keport, 297 Face of the Co«»ir2/.— Bottom land from one-half to seven miles -wide; average, two miles. The Arkansas river at this point runs in separate channels, by reason of numerous islands. Several ravines, containing bottom lands, running back from the river from five to fifteen miles. These ravines abound in springs, which are lost from time to time. Water-shed about fifteen miles north of Arkansas river, ■with general direction north and south. During spring rains, the ravines men- tioned carry water from the summit to Arkansas river. Most of the country is roll- ing, forming a beautiful landscape. Timber.— TimhsT skirts the Arkansas river, and is on the islands. About two hundred acres in the county; some very large trees; mostly cottonwood. There is one tree (Cottonwood), about five miles northwest of Syracuse, on "Plum Bush" ravine, which is eight feet in diameter. This ravine takes its name from the abundance of plum bush about eight miles from Syracuse. Plum bush is also found along the Arkansas river. There is an abundance of wild plums and grapes. Principal 5'iraams.— Arkansas river flows from northwest to southeast, thi-ough the central portion of the county. Building Stone.— Magnesia and blue limestone crop out along the ravines ; fair quality, but not as good as is found in many other counties. Railroad Gonneetions .—The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad follows the course of the Arkansas river across the county. Stations: Aubrey, Syracuse and Sargent. Agriculture.— iiOO acres under cultivation; experimental grounds (30 acres), and a few beside under fence. 298 State Board of Agrioultttre. CENSUS AND OTHER STATISTICAL EXHIBITS. Compiled from Assessors' Seturns and other Official Sowcea. Diagrams have been prepared illustrative of tables of statistics, which will be found in the following portion of this volume. The publication of the county- maps in the Report of 1874, illustrative, so far as the Appropriations of that year would admit (crude as they were), of the face of the country, showing bottom and upland, prairie and timber, our railroad system, location of mills and manufactories of various kinds, especially indicating the utilization of the many water powers of the State, etc., etc., met with such kindly reception that we have been induced to not only revise and elaborate the maps, but add diagrams to arrest the attention and vivify tabular recitals, which would otherwise probably remain unread and certainly undigested except by the curious. No originality is claimed for this method. It is the principal of -^bject lessons. Gren. Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of the ninth census (1870), has accom- panied the census of that decade with maps and illustrations, from which many- valuable suggestions have been derived. In this connection it is proper to state that this method has been adopted only to a limited extent, for the want of time and means. STATE DEBT AND SINKING FUND. Ybar. AmrDAL INORBASB. Total. Teak. Annuai. Ihoeeasb. Total. 1861 $160,000 $ 150,000 150,000 265,600 455,275 455,275 625,275 840.775 1,090,775 1869.-.. $246,000 $1,.336.775 1,336,775 1,336,775 1,336,775 1,336,775 1,341.775 1,378,275 1862 1870 1863 115.600 189,675 1871 1864 --.. 1872 1865 1873 1866 li'0,000 215,600 260,000 1874 5,000 36,500 1867 1865 1868 Average annual increase for fifteen years, $91,885. TABLE showing the receipts and investments of the Sinking Fund. Annual Col- lections roR Sinkins Fund, Total Sinking Fund. Investment of Sinking Fund. 1869...- $ 29,715.31 36,404,53 49,074.84 25,482.52 31,502.62 33,633.83 34,614.14 $ 29,715.31 66,119.89 116,194.73 140,677.25 172,179.87 206,813.70 240,427.84 Funding Territorial Debt. 6 per cent Current Expenses 7 '■ " ... Penitentiary Buildings... 7 " " ... Capitol Bnildings 7 " " ... Public Improvements 7 " " --- Military Purposes 7 " *' -.. Refunding Taxes 6 " " ... Agricul'al College Bonds 10 •' "... U. S. Bonds 6.20 " " ... $24,400.00 1870 60,400.00 60,OPO.OO 36,000.00 38,000.00 1,000 00 1871 1672 1873 5,600.00 29,000.00 1,284,85 1874 5,617.99 1875 Total $240,427.84 $240,427.84 Fourth Annual Report. 299 1^ m^ ^ sti sB 5HI ss ■■» __ ^^ ■iH „_ __ ^^ ^ _ _ _ w' "1 d ID < S un ?1 3 ^ ^ a M" >j 5 1 1 2- . ^ ;: S ^ «& -a &- 4^ «■ — S 8 bo -• « i f 1 ? ' i ~ ~ N 1 ^i s 3 a in ^ s 1 1- ^ ^1 & ^ i ' ^1 ^ o s ta "3 8 O <» ^ .; s "o ~ s R. CO 13 12 CO 1 f § s s^ s 1 o (U oj to 1 CO rt 1 «r> W P4 QJ «tM ■< S c R 6 s 1 i 'eB o flj «> fl R o 1 s- B o if w £' j tn nj ■ ,£ t-; i ^i: S 1 «- R ^- 1 r-r|7 1 S s -si 1^ !^ HoanHO uounHO •JIK9 •NOII -vziNvoao ■ ooo 'OOO ^ T-t MtHiHtHCO 1-c « « M Ot ■* to t-0000Tt*Oi»O(?t i-— ( ;eh E-i •OQ & p^ szT )— < o ^" 1 iioaoHO ii3unuo MIHS 'SOU -vziNvoao naanHj noanno •lii^|iji| e s 5| s 2 >;■§ s-g^i-slf-al ; .■ %^% g s,g safe's s a,s t% « 312 State Boaed op Agriculture. 12; en o l^; pq 1=1 P^ E-H Pm O CZ3 C3 I — I e-i E^ -< E-i CZ3 PS !^ m O kT pq (— I &-I !5 t= o ;:;> >-■ >-<" -«! ;=> < HOHnHO il t Hoanuo - h •JIHS -aaaicaH sg s ;° Ift " i i -vziKvoao -« " h - rH 1 '9' * < 3 •Aiaajoaj Hoanao co' oo in o" ■saouiag; HoaiiHO « « ^« " o 'dlHS -aaawapi ■^ 00 •ra sss o TO s§ -I* •NOIX -vziNvoao CO ■ 1 ^1= ill , a - c g i il ii .4. ' c ■ 5 p: II I c 3P: 1 Ii Is i ' Si I z 1 Q ■ < i Z 1 C > £ '. ) f N 1 C 1 Fourth Annual Report. 313 § < z < a ~C3 s z o I- < z < .a o "S o !> i 5 a t i o a P ft Hi ■ -^ a 314 State Boakd of Agriculture. TABLE Bhowing the Number of Taxable and Cultivated Acres In Kansas in 1875, by connties; the per cent, of Cultivated to Taxable Acres, and the Increase and Decrease of Cultivated Acres during tlie year. Counties. Taxable ACBBS. Acres under Cultivation. Per Cent, of Cultivated TO Taxable Acres. Increase in Cultivated Acres during the Year. Decrease in Cultivated Acres dubino the Yeab. Allen .307,743 333,872 265,948 2,920 215,198 392,802 328,886 547,241 170,459 408,203 369,739 142,538 119,870 385,931 358,923 373,872 118,703 281,049 234,339 291,4.34 143,961 157,228 35,544 88,373 120,061 346,922 627,562 219,173 329,962 361,758 76,216 269,749 401,918 284,276 44,112 364,.380 446,051 493,808 480,026 198,012 368,768 76,038 362,917 257,266 432,401 357,914 8,880 429,638 38,691 177,876 220,019 19,567 361,067 331,660 122,631 200,092 217,909 2,756 64,039 31,360 299,274 392,831 346,276 31,719 284,715 417,629 285,733 273,750 262,177 90,600 70,878.65 46,788 93 101,113.00 1,411.00 18,161.98 147,689.08 137,028.87 95,178.28 65,772.50 31,311 82 126,165.13 78,675.81 85,211.42 59,768.11 101,308.33 117,954.00 30,181.37 71,011.12 106,430.50 147,923.75 1,166,50 48,071.93 1,391.75 9,810.26 84.12 123,620.24 67,855.34 73,820.62 90,738.76 139,924.19 71,203.95 146,664.49 139,688.14 134,817.46 16,616,27 106,789.08 75,119,28 84,884,76 83,465.55 75,419.90 156,436.12 39,539.41 120,061.03 60,115.78 83,714.34 137,781.45 4,799.50 91,576.04 26,262.11 36,042.16 4,529,50 16,698,69 87,380.13 56,792,12 86,743.72 22,023,01 67,607.23 23.03 14.03 38.02 48.32 6.11 37.62 41.66 17.39 32.71 7.67 34.12 55.27 71.08 16.00 28.22 31.52 26.33 25.26 49.68 60.75 .81 30.57 8.91 25.56 .07 35.65 10,96 83.68 27.50 39.77 93,37 66.79 34,75 47.24 37.66 29.03 16.84 7.06 19.40 38.08 43.03 52.00 33.08 23.32 19.36 38,47 125.63 21.31 67.85 20.26 2.05 85.41 24.20 16.82 70.78 11.00 26.48 2,380.56 Anderson 1,989.07 58,120.00 1,411,00 7,127.98 48.176.08 13,688,87 23,592,23 8,700,00 7,188.82 26,727.13 30,538,81 32,167.42 Barbour Butler ■Chautauqua __. Clay •Cloud Coffey 1,048.89 Cowley --._ 32,180.33 80,760.00 7,326.37 19,124.12 12,413,. 50 38,779.75 1,166.50 7,540.43 Cr.iwford Davis Dickinson Doniphau Douglas Edwards Elk Ellis 277 25 JUlswortt 2,844.26 Ford 10 88 Franklin 58,177.84 14,139.84 51,474.62 2,985.76 20,734.19 13,171.95 16,393.49 26,167.14 17,371.46 1,962.27 10,883.08 12,075. 2;3 10,204.76 11,263.55 43,134,90 14,712.12 5,749.41 28,493.0) 40,998.78 22,930.34 67,047.45 1,643.50 4,045.04 4,193.11 19,113.16 3,077.60 5,850.69 24,128.13 17,897.12 25,939.72 9,636.01 19,065.23 Harvey _. Jackson Jefferson Jevfell Johnson Labette Leavenworth Linn Marion. Marshall McPherson Mitchell Montgomery Mon-is Nemaha Norton Osage. Osborne Pawnee Pliillips. Pottawatomie Reno Bepublic Bilev Rooks* * 8,286.00 Rush 1,763.00 6,407.64 65,569.79 68,367.75 87,268.14 31,696.12 39,728.96 41,299.04 80,856.21 106,162.87 47,863.81 43,424.58 2.75 20.48 21.90 14.85 25.20 99.60 13.98 9.89 28.29 38.78 18.25 47.97 1,763.00 6,407.64 10,829.79 14,978.75 3,848.14 7,825.12 4,862.96 6,266.04 14,751.21 17,770.87 6,760.81 13,964.58 Russell Saline Sedgwick.. Shawnee Smith Sumner Wabaunsee Washington Wilson Woodson Wyandutte Total 17,672,187 4,749,900.89 26 87 1,091,741.28 11,611.09 * No returns of cultivated average for 1875. No returns from Comanche, Harper, Kingman, Ness, Pratt, and Wallace. FotTKTH Annual Report. 315 MANUFACTORIES. The following is a list of the principal manufactories returned this year. This list is exclusive of breweries and cigar manufactories, machine shops of the different railroads, and the minor industries. The returns of 1874 are placed in comparison. It will be seen that there has been a large increase during the year: 1875. 1874. Water Power Saw Mills 81 97 79 112 10 26 66 30 12 6 145 16 Steam Saw Mills 50 Water Power Flour Mills 80 Steam Hour Mills 59 Wind Power Flour Mills Water Power Saw and Grist Mills 18 Steam Saw and Grist Mills 14 Furniture and Cabinet Factories . .- _ ._ 13 5 Woolen Factories . _. -_ _ -. .._ _. .. - - 6 Miscellaneous, embracing Oil Factories, Cheese Factories, Gypsum, Soap and Carriage Factories _ .._ ... .. ..... --.....-.... . ....... 50 Total. . . 604 305 STATEMENT stowing the Number of Cigar Manufactories, and the Product, by Counties, for 1876. Counties. Pboduct. CorNTIBS. §1 Pboduot. Allen 2 7 8 1 1 1 6 1 1 20 1 69,000 351,916 383,390 135,400 1,000 17,350 206,540 227,475 77,388 2,306,700 128,550 Marshall 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 6 1 3 173,950 Miami .. . . 92,260 82,600 Montgomery 12,500 Clay . . Riley , 4,350 Davis 111,200 Sedgwick 14,560 Franklin 363,794 Washington 4,000 Wyandotte 153,000 Total 71 4,916,902 STATEMENT showing the Number of Breweries and the Product of the same, by Counties, for 1875. COXTNTIES. d ^ Barrbls. Counties. ft B Barrels. Allen 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 5 1 300 4,044 1,550 1,530 257 212 80 368 113 1,169 143 11,749 540 Marshall 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 S 1 1 360 Miami 449 Mitchell 183 386 Nemaha ., . . 1^5 Coffey ---. Neosho 70 77 Davis Eiley 740 1,000 1,975 105 Labette Washington J .i.. Wyandotte 616 Total 37 28,017 310 State Boakd of Agkiculture. BANKS AND BANKERS. Pursuing the path entered upon in our last report, we continue herewith tlie statistics of banks and banlcers, believing, as we tlien said, that "familiarity with such statistics will not only shed light upon the patlvof industry, but make more plain the duty of the citizen, in the higher and more responsible capacit}' of citizen- sovereign. It will serve to give the popular mind and public judgment steadiness and wisdom upon the great financial and social problems involved in political action, protecting them from the demagogue and charlatan, whose business it is to mislead the thoughtless and betray the trustful. The question of banking, and the increase and decrease of real and representative currency; the process by which money accumulates in commercial centres, and again finds its way back into rural circulation; the relations of these to, and their influence upon, the value of labor upon the farm and in the workshop, are all matters of moment to every farmer, mechanic and business man. And when these, and kindred subjects, are woven into the daily life-study of the masses, we shall have entered upon the true path to high attainment in our respective professions." Since the issue of that report, monied stringency and commercial derangement have been so general, and so opj)ressive, as to give full play to the genius of dema- goguery in solution of the tangled problem and ingenious devices for escape from its consequences. It has been a period, above all others, when the wisdom and broad-based intelligence, resting upon a study and familiarity with the great com- mon law of business, was a prime necessity, and would have saved much of bewil- derment and loss. The pulsations of commerce and business are soonest felt in the money market, as money is the true measure of all such transactions. We ask, then, for the state- ment of capital and deposits of banks in our State, a careful perusal. One thing, at least, will be made clear by them, that the absence of money in the pockets of the multitude, does not prove that the money necessary to make such pockets plethoric does not exist. The provoking fact is thrust In our face, that just at the time when we were in such distress for money, and praying Congress to start money printing machines to meet our wants — when the wise (?) men of our day were telling us that there was " absolutely no money " in the country wherewith to transact its business, there was lying in our banks a larger aggregate of money than before or since. During a period when our farmers had nothing to sell, and many were compelled to buy bread; when the merchant and mechanic could not pay their creditors, because they were neither paid nor patronized by the public, there seems to have been no falling off, but a marked increase of accumulations in the form of bank deposits. Since then our abundant harvest has quickened the pulsations of trade, and no available purchasing point for grain or stock has been without the currency to pay for all that was offered, and this, as will be seen by a glance at the table of com- parative capital and deposits, with but a small falling off of deposits. We leave the facts with the reader, and allow him to make his own deductions therefrom. Circulars have been sent to each National Bank in the State, with a request for a statement of deposits during the year, for the purpose of making our tables of bank statistics complete for the year, but up to the time of going to press we have not received statements enough to enable us to make a showing. We must there- fore omit the same, and refer the reader to the enumeration of National banks and their capital, in the Industries, by Counties, in another part of this report. Fourth Annual Report. 317 STATEMENT, showing by Counties, tlie Number of Banlts other than National, Capital and Deposits, for the period of six months, ending May 31, 1875, Counties. 73 - -5 Fob Six Months, Ending Mat 31st, 1875. Counties. J For Six Months, Endino Mat 31st, 1875. Capitai.. Deposits. Capital. Deposits. AUen 3 2 3 $ 25,166 31,760 127,840 $ 51,977 59,399 147,442 Linn 3 $ 22,000 $ 56,838 Lyon* Marion* Barton* Marshall Mitchell* 3 48,838 34,023 Brown* Butler* Montgomery.. Nemaha Neosho 6 3 3 2 65,564 15,744 20,422 30,800 130,638 32,237 Cherokee Clay* 3 17,820 3,353 13,0.38 37,699 Cowley Crawford* 4 51,300 38,100 Pottawatomie* Davis* Eiley 2 25,000 54,460 Saline" .. . Doniphan Douglas... 2 3 14,146 113,250 18,846 155,944 Sedgwick Shawnee 3 7 66,000 311,969 97,064 349,888 ■Franklin* Wabannsee* Washington* . Wilson Harvey --. 2 10,000 27,943 3 49,738 15,834 4 4 3 3 4 5,534 91,881 26,220 64,705 92,160 14,172 63,881 47,463 84,073 412,057 Wyandotte* Jefferson Johnson Labette 23 counties, 1 bank each... 23 243,107 379,960 Total 97 1,569,964 2,326,329 STATEMENT, showing by Counties, the Numherof Banks, other than National, Capital and Deposits, for the six months, ending November 30th, 1875. Counties. i fe!z; Fob Six Months, Ending November 30, 1875. Counties. For Six Months, Ending November 30, 1875. Capital. Deposits. Capital. Deposits. Allen 2 2 3 $ 28,000 31,760 135,000 $ 45,354 76,693 210,779 Leavenworth . 4 3 84,956 23,240 409,852 65,585 Brown* . Marshall Mitchell* 3 47,621 32,645 Butler* Chase* . ... Montgomery.. Nemaha Neosho 4 2 3 2 56,397 36,020 19,400 30,800 93,396 36,286 11,482 31,716 Cherokee Clay* 2 8,500 28,008 Cowlcv.. 4 61,300 46,891 Crr^Tfbrd* 2 2 2 3 25,461 613 10,000 112,250 74,024 21,993 17,798 159,642 Pottawatomie. Eeno* 2 2,500 i8,778 Dickinson Doniphan Douglas Hiley 2 25,000 52,113 Saline* Ellsworth* Sedgwick Shawnee Sumner*. 3 7 55,000 303,574 112,302 361,556 Franklin* Greenwood* Harvey* Wabaunsee. . . Washington* . Wilson Wyandotte* . . Jackson Jefferson 4 4 3 3 10,800 92,245 25,892 73,433 20,688 58,939 43,569 9(,086 3 57,313 16,404 Johnson. Labette 21 counties, 1 bank each... Total 21 218,531 312,482 93 $1,575,606 $2,453,061 * Where but one bank is doing business in a county, it would not be justifiable to give capital and 'deposits. All such are a^;regated in last line. 318 State Boakd of Agriculture. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT showing the average Capital and peposits of Kansas Banks and Bauliers, by months, during eacli period of six months ending May 3l8t, 1874, and May 31st, 1875, respectively, with Loss or Gain. Banks. Month op December. Month of January. Month of February Capital. Deposits. Capital. Deposits. Capitai,. Deposits. Banks other than Nat'l, 1874 " 1875 $1,490,166 1,564,410 $1,963,696 2,43i,277 $1,517,872 1,571,030 $2,090,548 2,443,690 $1,499,551 1,534,438 $2,112,880 2,339,183 Gain $ 74,244 $ 468,581 $ 53,158 $ 353,142 $ 34,887 $ 226,303 COMPARATrVB STATEMENT showing the average Capital and Deposits of Kansas Banks and Bankers, etc. — Continued. Banks. Month of March. Month op April. Month of May. Capital. Deposits. Capital. Deposits. Capital. Deposits. Banks other than Nat'l, 1874 " 1875 $1,-361,944 1,539,081 $1,954,301 2,359,645 $1,367,583 1,550,644 $2,174,675 2,387,888 $1,436,286 1,563,862 $2,381,512 2,352,646 $ 177,137 $ 405,344 $ 183,061 $ 213,213 $ 127,576 Loss $ 28,866 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT showing the average Capital and Deposits of Kansas Banks and Bankers, by months, during each period of six months ending November .30th, 1874, and Novem- ber 30th, 1875, respectively, with Loss or Gain. Banks. Month of June. Month of July. Month of Ausust. Capital. Deposits. Capital. Deposits. Capital. Deposits. Banks other than Nat'l, 1874 " 1875 $1,539,805 1,583,173 $2,608,575 2,331,333 $1,521,317 1,604,812 $2,452,382 2,430,076 $1,581,410 1,579,876 $2,446,423 2,406,128 Gain $43,368 $83,495 $22,305 """ $277,242 $1,634 $40,295 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT showing the average Capital and Deposits of Kansas Banks and Bankers, etc.— Concluded. Banks. Month of September. Month of October. Month of Novemebr. Capital. Deposits. Capital, Deposits. Capital. Deposits. Banks other than Nat'l, 1874 '• 1875 $1,610,840 1,560,497 $2,406,572 2,493,373 $1,630,434 1,565,188 $2,370,385 2,521.023 $1,647,591 1,558.892 $2,340,962 2,5.36,433 $86,801 $150,638 195,473 $50,343 $63,246 $88,709 Fourth Annual Report. 31& POPULATION. CENTRE OF POPULATION.* By the centre of population is meant the point where the State "would be at equilibrium were it considered as a plane without weight, but capable of sustain- ing weight, and in sustaining its population each person, in his respective position, considered as of equal gravity; or in other words, the centre of gravity of this plane, sustaining its population, considered as a solid. We have two methods of finding this centre: one by computation, the other by experiment. In the first method we consider the population of each county con- centrated at their respective geographical centres as forming the parts or mole- cules, as it were, of this solid, representing the population of the State sustained by a weightless plane. The centre of gravity of the same may be computed by rules laid down in nat- ural philosophy for the computation of the centre of gravity of solids. In the second method, instead of imagining the population of the State.sustained by a weightless plane, as in the foregoing, we represent the plane by some solid of uniform density and of the proper shape, as cardboard, of the exact shape of the map of the State, on a convenient scale, on which we paste a map of the State, by counties, on the same scale; at the centre of each county on this map we place weights. These weights on this cardboard represent the population of the counties, so that the weight of the weights and of cardboard at the centres of any two counties is to each other as their respective populations. We may now find the centre of gravity of this solid by suspending it to a plumb line, with the solid in any two or more positions, marking in each case the exact course of the line on the cardboard. The intersection of these two or more courses will be the centre of gravity of the solid, and hence the location of the centre of gravity on the map and cardboard. That the latter rnethod may be practicable, it is necessary to have decimal weights. General Francis A. Walker, the Superintendent of the Ninth (1870) Census of the United States, gives the following method adopted by him in ascertaining the population of the United States. He says: " Several different things may be covered by the phrase, ' centre of population,' but what is commonly intended is the point at which the equilibrium would be reached were the country taken as a plain surface, itself without weight, but capa- ble of sustaining weight, and loaded with its Inhabitants, in number and position, as they were found at the period undfr consideration, each individual being as- sumed to be of the same gravity as every other, and consequently to exert pres- sure on the pivotal point directly proportioned to the distance therefrom." * * * * # "The method taken is as follows: The population of each county was assumed to be concentrated at its geographical centre. The par- allel of the 24th degree north latitude, and the meridian 67 west of Greenwich, were then chosen as convenient lines, being south and west respectively of all the population of the United States, to which to refer the local centres thus taken. The distances of these centres north of the former line, and west of the latter, were next ascertained. Distances westward were measured on parallels of lati- tude, and in degrees of latitude were referred to the parallel of the mtermediate half degree. THe population of each was thereupon multiplied successively into the corresponding distances thus obtained; and the aggregate of all products of population into distances northerly was divided by the aggregate population of the countiy to determine the latitude of the centre of population; and the aggre- gate of all products of population into distances westward was divided by the same aggregate population to determine the longitude of the centre of population." ♦See luip on page 514, stiowing the centre of population for 1860, 1870 and 1875; also the number of i>ersons to thu square mile, by counties, for 1875. 320 State Board of Ageiculture. The method of Mr. Walker was also taken in determining the centre of population for the State, except that the latitude of the northern boundary of the State, and longi- tude of the western boundary, were taken, and instead of computing the distances from the several geographical centres of Qounties to the said latitudinal and longitu- dinal lines (northern and western boundaries), the sectional lines were counted, producing substantially the same result. These centres of population were established for 1860, 1870 and 1875. It will be seen that the centre from 1860 to 1870 traveled east fourteen miles on the same parallel of latitude. This will surprise many, but if the curious'will take the census of those decennial periods and make a careful notation of the increase of population in the eastern counties, he will at once be convinced of its correctness. And in the same manner, if he will note on the map, by making a like comparison for 1870 and 1875, he will observe the remarkable tendency of population to the south- west, which has removed the centre to the northeasterly part of Lyon. The cen- tres of population as thus established are as follows; lORn J I-atitude, 38° 64' 56" iHbU- ^ Longitude, 95° 24' 8" ia7n J T,atUuae. 38° 54' 56" """"■ ( Longitude, 95° 8' 33" iQ« } Latitude, 38° 34' 43" 18(0- -j Longitude, 95° 59' 20" The computations were made by a student of the Lincoln school, of Topeka. CENSUS OF 1875. By reference to the following comparative tables, it will be seen that the popula- tion of the State In 1860 was 107,206; in 1870, 364,399: increase in ten years, 239 percent., or 28.9 per cent, per annum. Population in 1875, 528,437: increase in five years, 30 per cent., or 6 per cent, per annum. The average annual increase in the United States, from 1860 to 1870, was 2.22 per cent. On the first of March, 1874, the population of the State, as returned by the asses- sors, was 530,367. This included an estimated population of 1,950, as follows: Comanche, 250; Harper, 300; Kingman, 300; Ness, 200; Pratt, 300; Wallace, 600. These counties are not included in the oflBcial returns in the following tables. De- ducting this estimated population of 1,950 from the official returns of 1874, we have 528,417. The official returns of this year, 528,349, show a decrease of 68 from 1874 to 1875. Owing to the locust visitations last fall, there was quite an emigration to other States to spend the winter. The census was taken on the first day of March, before our people returned, to any great extent. If the census had been taken on the first of May, instead of the first of March, several thousand would have been added to the population returns of the State. As will be seen, by an examination of the election returns of 1874 and 1875, at the general election for representatives, in November, 1874, when the election was vig- orously contested by all parties, the number of votes polled was 86,190. In November of this year, with a general apathy prevailing throughout the whole State, the number of votes polled for representatives was 91,764; an increase over the vote of the year before of 5,574. Assuming that each vote represents four persons, and we have 22,296. Deducting the decrease of 68, as shown by the tables, from the 22,296, and we have an increase during the past year of 22,228. No one at all familiar with the election contests of the two years, will for a mo- ment doubt that at least 5,000 more votes were polled in 1874 than in 1875, in pro- portion to the population. If this be so, the population during the past year has Increased over 40,000. This is no fault of the census, as the enumeration was made on the first of March, while the election was held eight months later. Fourth Ankual Report, 321 POPULATION of the Organized Counties for 1860, 1870, and 1875 (a). COCNTISS. 187S. 1870. 1860. COUNTIBB. 18ZS. 1870. 1860. a « S ^1 Allen Anderson Atchison Barbour Barton Bourbon Wrovra Butler Chautauqua («) . . Chase Cherokee (4) Clay ClDud Caffey C(|manche(A) Cowley (c) Crawford Davis Dickinson Doniphan Douglas _ Bdwards Elk(<) EUis Ellsworth Forro rata dbtributlon has been made. This makes the comparative tattle complete lor tha Slate, as at piesentvubdivided and organized into counties. (£} February 98. 18SS, McGes county was changed to Cherokee. (e) Subsequent to the taking of the census of I860, Hnnter county was changed to Cowley. (•0 In 1869, Ma Mion county was divided; the north part w.is allotleil to Breckinridge, the south p.irt to Greenwood, and Breckinridge was snbseuuently changed to Lyun The pop .lation of Madi.on iHiunty in' 1:41111 Was636. U^on the supposition that the couuty was eqiiaily divided, S18 havejieen added to each ol the coun ie.j|, Lyon and tije^nwood. .„ («) Junes, 1S6I, the name of Godf ey counf^ was changed toSewa-,1, and subs quently Seward was changed to Howanl. Match 11, 1815, Howard county was ai\ided fio.ii eas. to west, through ihe geographical uentre, the north part being elected into Cliautauqua, and tlie sou h into Elk county'. (/) Junes, 1861. the lutnie of Lyklns county wai changed to Mhiiiii. (ff) June 3, 1861, the name of Dom county was changed to Neosbo. The following Is a list of unorganized counties: Arapvhoe, Buffalo, Clark, Chej-enne, Decatur, Foote, Grant, Graham, Gove. Gteeley, i HmlEeinan, Hainil on, Kansas, Kearney, Lane, Meade^ Ru.h, Rawlins, Sequoyah, Stanton, S.evens, Seward, Sherman, Sheridan, Scott, Thomas, Trego, Wichi a. (A) it appe.-us from the teconl In the office of 'he Secre'ary o^Sta'e, that the counties of Comanche, Harper and Ness polled 813 voles at tha general eleclirtn of 1813. The counties of Kingman, Prat. ant Wallace polleil4i2 votes in 1814. There have been no returns mm tbne counties for 1815. Allowing four Inhabitants to ttw voter. It will give to these ounties, at the periods naoutl, a population ot 4,936. (i) The census letur-is of nopnlation ol Howard towa-hlp. Elk co ' n y, wift tmnsmltte,! to the County Clerk for trawtatioH and copy oi^e llUh ilay of Anzubt Inst, at his request. Altliou h repeatedly requee ed to return ihe sa e, Iw has nez ccted to djso. The popu- Iflfcn of Howard township In 1874 was 719, which i, iiiciuded In the ] opulation of Elk county, gis'en above. . (£) A tertliecemns tableshad beennuideup,conipiaintcauiefro'iRus(ellc unty. A correspondence with the County Clerk -lldted *he £icttliat tberullsof the city 0. Rus ell hail not been forwanled to this office atali. It came too latefo Ins rtion in lie tables, as tiipy were already In the printer's lianda. Tlie folluwingi. a'synopllsof theret rusA- mthecityol Rus elli'Durbiblesshow Riusvll lounly to have a population of^,0S9. To this should be addwl thepopu athin of the city of Russell, 1611, making the population of the counly 1,919. '" 49 tmn Wbconslu, 3 from Scothind, and VS n ere bbm in Kansas. . (0 Returns of 1K74. '. Tha nnergautzed counties contain a population of about 500, 21 322 State Boaed of Ageicultuke. Fourth Annual Report. 323 TABLE, Bhowing, by coiintleB, the Number and per cent, of Persons engaged in Agriculture. Prof es slonal and Personal Services, Trade and Transportation, and Manufactures and Mining, for 1875. COUNTIBB. .a H "^■^ »' ^ ■^.s ■a I Hi sa Ph bo" > 03 Of— I fifStJS el .S-o am « (at; Ph 1.2 ^ u Si Pi , Allen ' Anderson... ! Atchison Barbour Barton Bourbon Brown Butler: Chautauqua. Chase Cherokee ... Clfty Cloud Coffey Cowley Crawford Davis Dickinson ... ' Doniphan Douglas Edwards Elk Ellis Ford. Franklin Greenwood ... Harvey Jackson Jefferson Jewell Johnson Labette Leavenworth . Lincoln Linn - Lyon Marlon Marshall McPherson Miami Mitchell Montgomery.., Morris Nemaha Neosho Norton Osage , Osborne Ottawa Pawnee Phillips Pottawatomie. JSeno Republic Kice Riley Rush Russell Saline Sedg.wiok Shawnee Smith Sumner Wabaunsee Washington ... Wilson,. Woodson Wyandotte 1,353 1,280 1,910 98 559 3,516 1,926 2,186 1,600 647 2,181 1,538 1,626 1,406 1,969 1,883 710 1,400 2,144 2,355 67 1,054 83 349 64 1,734 1,316 1,066 1,305 2,327 1,826 2,566 2,327 3.830 635 8,0-38 1,779 1,232 2,083 1,711 2,482 1,121 2,a32 823 1,454 1,978 237 1,669 763 1,095 203 674 1,935 1,099 1,713 57? 1,360 133 272 1,287 1,545 1,954 982 1,128 1,005 1,806 1,886 846 1,603 341 197 2,081 6 35 838 187 269 91 76 S68 64 119 138 176 174 277 90 510 1,178 3 60 118 119 122 345 no 121 154 230 58 383 678 1,662 13 394 342 77 302 47 263 61 320 192 90 37 37 38 32 316 183 54, 287 4 18 188 363 1,186 98 75' 149: 73' 113 82 876 5 61 542 113 93 46 41 156 63 51 96 84 109 103 97 218 688 8 31 68 51 157 316 65 134 70 115 23 270 340 919 7 134 234 63 162 23 140 46 218 76 84 167 1 138 13 34 26 20 126 116 28 116 4 IS 179 217 642 , 13 61 ,-'28 r58 74 r86 ^03 156 187 1,165 7 174 188 133 89 333 90 118 175 168 201 146 164 16 119 81 100 64 391 161 145 114 227 83 307 386 1,599 30 878 276 175 313 67 877 93 507 148 160 520 103 61 33 63 810 151 231 40 34 170 556 1,013 66 91 92 143 181 98 503 61.2 + 75.9 + 31.7 + 84.4+ 83.8 + 54.9 + 81.9+ 79.8 + 85.5 + 75 8+ 73.0+ 87.6 + 84. »+ 77.8 + 82.1 + 79.1 + 57.4 + 79.9 + 67.0+ 47.9 + 75.2 + 83.3 + 23.7 + 56.3 + 15.7 + 67.0 + 80.1 + 73.8 + 79.4 + 80.8 + 91.7+ 78.7 + 64.0+ 40.8+ 92.5 + 71.6 + 67.6 + 79.6 + 72.8 + 92.5 + 78 4 + 84.8+ 69.0 + 66.4 + 81.3 + 72 3 + 94.8+ 64.7 + 83 3 + 89 9 + 67.9+ 86.5 + 74 8+ TO 9 + 84.5+ 87.8 + *«¥ 80.2 + 70.5 + 59.8 + 40.7+ 90.6 + 83.3 + 82.1 + 86 6+ 88.3+ 80.8 + 51.6 7- 18.8 + 11.6 + 5.1+ 6.2+ 18.3 + 5.8 + 9.8+ 4.8+ 8.9 + 11.8 + 3.S+ 6.8 + 7.0+ 7.3 + 22 4 + 5.1 + 15,9+ 23 9 + 3.3+ 4.7 + 83 7 + 19.2+ 29.9 + 13.3+ 6.6+ 8.3+ 9.8+ 7.9 + 2.9+ 10.8 + 15.9 + 33.7+^ 1.9 + 13.8+ 12.9 + 4.9 + 10 5 + 3.5 + 8.3+ 4.6 + 9.4 + 15.4 + 5.0 + 13.1 + 1.6 + 9.6 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 12,7+ 4.1 + 12 2+ 11.7+ 8.6+ 3.6 + 14.4+ 3 7+ 5.3 + 10.3 + 101 + 34.7+ 3.0+ 6,1 + 8.0+ 3.6 + 6.5+ 6.9 + 23 0+ 6.0+ 4.8+ 14.5 + 4.3+ 7.6+ 11.8 + 4.8+ 8,3+ 2,4+ 4,8+ 6.1 + 3.5+ 2.6 + 5.3 + 8.5+ 4.7 + 8,3+ 6,5+ 6.8+ 13.9 + 3.8 + g-.4 + 19.4 + 8,3 + 88.5+ 8.3 + 8.3 + 8.5 + 4.3+ 3 1.1 + 7.6 9.3 + 13. U 1.0 " 4 7+ 8.8+ 4.0+ 6 6 + 1,8 + 4.4 + 3.4+11^ 6.4+ 6.1 + 4.7+ 6.1 + 0.4 + 5.3 + 1.4 + 1 1 + 8.7 + 2.5+ 4,8+ 7.4+ 1.3+ 2.3+ 5.8+ 2.7+ 4.4+ 9,8+ 8,4 + 18.3 + 1.3+ 3.7 + 2.2J- 3 7 + 3 8+ 3.4+ 9.7 + 8 3 + 7 5 + 19.0 + 5.0 + 3.3 + 14.9+ 7.4 + ?:!: 10.4+ 1Q.9 + 8.1 + 6.1 + 9.1 + 7.0 + 8.6 + 11.8+ 9.3 + 1Q.3+ 14.1 + 17.8 + 9.4+ 33.1 + 1S.1 + 15. 7+- II 3 + 9.7 + 9.9 + 6.9 + 7.8+ 4.1 + 87+ 10.6 + 32.8+- 4.4+ 9.7+ 10,4+ 11.3 + 10.9 + 3.6 + 8 7 + 7.0 + 15.0+ 11.9 + 8.9+ 9.0+ 8,8+ 20,1 + 11.1 + ^,0+ 10.7 + 6.8+ 8.1 + 9(.7+ 11.4 + 6.1 + 11.4 + 4.7 + m.o+ 9.3+ 21.5 + 21.1 + 5 1 + 6 7 + 7.5+ 6.8+ 7.4 + 8 8+ 16.2 + Total 95,476 17,776 9,6B5 15 68.73 12 79 95 11 51 324 State Board of Agriculture. Ii>>TJKTH AnWTJAL RePORT. 325 LIST OF NEWSPAPERS IN KANSAS. ALLEN. Humboldt Union. lola Register. AI^DEBSON. G arnett Journal. Garnett PlaindeaUr. ATCHISON. Atchison (daily and weekly) Champion. Atchison " " " Patriot. Atchison -.- Courier. BAKTON. Great Bend - .Eegiater. BOURBON. Fort Scott Monitor. Fort Scott-. Pioneer. BKOWN. Hiawatha EeraU. Hiawatha - Diapatch. BUTLER. Augusta - .i.... Gazette. Eldorado Times. CHAUTAUQUA. Sedan Journal. CHASE. Cott on wood Falls Courant. Cottonwood Falls Leader. CHEROKEE. Baxter Springs RepvUican. Columbus Courier. Columbus 1.. Democrat. CLAY. Clay Center Dispatch. CLOUD. Concordia Empire. Concordia Expositor. COPFEY. Burlington Patriot. Burlington Independent. COWLEY. Arkansns City - - Traveler. Winfleld.- - Courier. Winfield ^ Telegram. Winfleld. Cowley Co. Democrat. CRAWrOKD. Cherokee Index. Girard Press. Girard News. DAVIS. Jundion City Union. Junction City Tribune. DICKINSON. Abilene Chronicle. Entei-prise Oaeetle. DONIPHAN. Troy - Chief. Wathena Reporter . DOUGLAS. Lawrence (daily and weekly) . .Journal.- Lawrence " " " Standard. Lawrence " " " Tribune. Lawreu ce - Spirit. Lawrence Sentinel. EDWARDS. Kinsley. Reporter. ELK. Elk Falls Journal. Elk Falls Ledger. Longton 1 Courant. ELLIS. Hays City Sentinel. ELLSWORTH. Ellsworth Reporter. FRANKLIN. Ottawa Republic an. Ottawa Triumph. GREENWOOD. Eureka Herald. Eureka Censorial. HARVEY. Newton Kansan. Newton News. JACKSON. Holton Recorder. JEFFERSON. Oskaloosa Independent. Oskaloosa Sickle and Slieaf. Valley Falls New Era. JEWELL. Jewell City Diamond. Jewell Centre. Monitor. JOHNSON. Olathe Mirror and News Letter. Olathe Progress. LABETTE. Chetopa. Herald. Chetopa Advance. Oswego Independent. Parsons Parsons 326 State Board LEAVENWORTH. Leavenworth (daily and weekly) Appeal. Leavenworth " " " Times. Leavenworth IPreie Presse. LINCOLN. Lincoln Centre... SaJtne \^aUey Begiater. LINN. La Cygne Journal. Mound City Enterprise. Mound City. ...Linn Co. Clarion. Pleasanton Observer. LYON. Emporia Ledger. Emporia News. Emporia Patrons' Cleaner. MARION. Marion Centre Record. Peabody Oasette. MARSHALL. Marysville News. Waterville Telegraph. Blue Kapids Times. Irving Gazette. MCPHERSON. McPherson Independent. MIAMI. Paola - Sepublican. Paola I... Spirit. MITCHELL. Belolt- Gazette. Cawker City Eeho. MONTQOMBRT. Independence. Kansan. Independence Tribune. Independence (dally and weekly) Courier Ooflfeyville Journal. MORRIS. Council Grove Democrat . Council Grove Bepublican. NEMAHA. Seneca Courier. Sabetha - Advance. NEOSHO. Chanute Times. Osage Mission Journal. Thayer _ .Headlight. OSAGE. Burlingame . Ohronide. Osage City Free Press. Lyndon Times. OSBORNE. Osborne City Farmer. OTTAWA. Minneapolis Independent. Minneapolis OF Agricultjpre. ^ PAWNEE. Lamed . . Press. PHILLIPS. Kirwin Chief. POTTAWATOMIE . Louisville Reporter. Wamego Blade. St. Mary's Times. \ RENO. Hutchinson News. Hutchinson Examiner. REPUBLIC. Belleville Telescope. Belleville ..Republic. RILEY. Manhattan Nationalist. Manhattan _ Industrialist . ROOKS CODNTY. Stockton .News. RUSSELL. Russell Plainsman. Russell Record. SALINE. Salina Herald. Salina Advocate. Salina .- Journal. SEDGWICK. Wichita _ Eagle. Wichita - Beacon. SHAWNEE. Topeka (daily & weekly) Commonwealth. Topeka " " Blade. Topeka Times. Topeka -_ Democrat. Topeka Farmer. SMITH. Smith Centre .Pioneer. SUMNER. Wellington Press. WABAUNSEE. Alma News. WASHINGTON. Washington Republican. Hanover ..Independent. WILSON. Fredonia Citizen. Neodesha .._ .:Free Press. WOODSON. Neosho Falls Post. WYANDOTTE. Wyandotte Gazette. Wyandotte Herald. Fourth Aititual Eeport. 327 HOW TO OBTAIN GOVERNMENT LANDS. The great number of inquiries whicli are made for information concerning the public lands of the State, has made the publication of the following very full instructions, rulings and laws relating to said lands, necessary: CIRCULAR. Depabtmbnt of the Intbkior, Gbneral Land Office, ) Washington, D. C, June 17, 1875. ) The following is communicated in reference to the manner of acquiring title to the publiclands under dififerent laws of Congress: There are two classes of public lands, the one class at $1.35 per acre, which is designated as minimum, and; the other at $3.50 per acre, or double minimum. Title may be acquired by purchase at public sale, or by ordinary "private entry," and in virtue of the pre-emption, homestead, and timber- culture laws. BY PTJKCHASE AT PXnBLIC BALE. 1. This may be done where lands are " offered" at public auction to the highest bidder, either pursuant to proclamation by the President or public notice given, in accordance with directions from the General Land Office. BY "private entry" OR LOCATION. 3. The lands liable to disposal in this manner are those which were offered at puhlic sale, but were not then sold, and which have not since been reserved or otherwise withdrawn from market. In this class of offered and unreserved public lands, the following steps may be taken to acquire title.: CASH PURCHASES. 3. The applicant will present a written application to the register for the district in which the land desired is situated, describing the tract he wishes to purchase, giving its area. Thereupon the register, if the tract is vacant, will so certify to the receiver, stating the price, and the applicant must then pay the amount of the purchase money. , The receiver will then issue his receipt for the money paid, in duplicate, giving to the purchaser a duplicate receipt, and at the close of the month the register and receiver will make returns of the same to the General Land OfSce, from which, when the proceedings are found regular, apatentor complete title willbe issued; and on surrender of the duplicate receipt, such patent will be delivered at the option of the patentee, either by the commissioner at Washington, or "by the register at the district land office. LOCATIONS WITH WARRANTS. 4. Application must be made as in cash cases, but must be accompanied by a warrant duly assigned as the consideration for the land; yet where the tract is $3.50 per acre, the party, in addition to the surrendered warrant, must pay in cash $1.25 per acre, as the warrant is in satisfaction of only so many acres, at $1.35 per acre, or furnish a warrant of such denomination as will, at Jhe legal value of $1.35 per acre, cover the rated price of the land. For example; a tract of forty acres of land, held at $3.50 per acre, can be paid for with a warrant calling for forty acres and the payment of $50 in cash, or by surrendering an eighty-acre warrant for the same — the forty acres to be in full satisfaction for the said location. Or a tract of eighty acres, rated at $3.50 per acre, can be paid for by the surrender of two eighty-acre warrants. If there is a small excess in the area ot the tract over the quantity called for on the face of the warrant in any case, such excess may be paid for in money. A duplicate certificate of location will then be furnished the party, to be held until the patent is delivered, as in cases of cash sales. 328 State Board of Agkicultjxjke. The followina; fees are chargeable by the land officers, and the several amouacs must be paid at the time of location : For a 40-acre warrant, 50 cents each to the register and receiver — total, $1.00 For aOOacre warraut, 75c<'nt8 " " " "160 For ail 80-acre warrant, $1.00 " " " " S 00 For a 120-acre warrant, $1.50 " " " " 3.00 Foral60-acre warrant, $2.00 " " " " 4.u0 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE BCBIP. 5. This scrip may be used — Fir-t. In the location of lands at '^private entry,'" but when so used is only applicable to lands not mineral, ■which may be subject to private emry at $1,35 per acre, yet is restricted to a technical "yttarier «ec/Jore,"— ihat is, land em- braced by the quarter section lines indicated on the official plats of survey , or it may be located on a part of a "quarter-section," where s"cli part is taken as in full for a quarter; but it cannot be applied to different subUivijions to make an area equivalent to a quarter section. Tue mnnner of proceeding to acquire title witli this class of paper is the same as in cash and wjirrant ca'-es, ihe fees to be paid being the same as on warrants. The location of this scrip at private entry is restricted to t7iree sections in eaeli township of land. Second. In payment of pre-emption claims, in the same manner and under the same rules and regulations as govern the application to pre-emptions of military land warrants; this, too, without regard to the limitation as to the quantity located in a township or in any one Stste. Th rd. In payment for homesteads commuted under section 2,301 of the Revised Statutes of the United iStates. PBE-BMPTIONS ADMISSIBLE TO THE EXTENT OF ONE QUABTER SECTION, OE ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY ACRES. 6. These are admitted under sections 2,2.">7 to 2,288 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, upon "offered" and "unofftrcd" lands, and upon any of the unsurveyed lands belonging to the United Slates to which the Indian title is ex- tinguished, although in xhe case of unsuiveyed lands no definite proceedings can be had as to the completion of the title until after tlie surveys shall have beea extended and officially i-eturne I to the district land office. The pre-emption privilege is restricteil to the heads of families, widows, or sin • gle men over the age of twenty-one who are citizens of the United States, or who have declared their intention to become citizens, as required by the naturalization laws. This does not include Indians, except such as have ceased their tribal rela- tions, and been declared citizens by treaties or acts of Congress 7. The right of pre-emption, formerly extended by act of Congress of March 3 1853, for one quarter section, or 160 acres, at tlie price of $2.50 per acre, to the alternate United States or reserved sections along the line of railroads, is continued by the Revised Statutes, sections 2,257, 2 250, ami 2,279. 8. Section 2,281 thereof protects the rights of settlers on sections along the line of railroads, where settlem' nt existed prior to withdrawal, anil in such cases allows the land to be taken by the pre-emptors at $1.25 per acre, but requires that they shall file the proper notices of their claim, and make proof and payment as in other cases. 9. Where the tract is " offered" land, the party must file with the district land office his declaratory statement, as to the fact of his s ■ttlement within thirty days from the date of said settlement, and within one year from d ite of settlement must appear before the register and receiver and make proof of his actual resi dence on, and cultivation of, the tract, and secure the same by paying cash ox locating thereon military bounty land warrants, or agricultural college scrip, according to law. * 10. Where the tract has been surveyed and not ofifered at public sale, the claim- ant must file his declaratory statement within three months from date of settle- ment, and make proof and payment within thirty months after the expiration of the three months allowed for filing his declaratory notice, or in other words, within thirty-three months from date of settlement. 11. Where settlements are made on unsurveyed lands, settlers are required, within three months after the date of the receipt at the district land office of the improved plat of the township embracing their claims, to file their declaratory statement with the register of the proper land office, and theieaf ter to make proof J^ouRTH Annual Eeport. 329 and payment for the tract within thirty months from the expiration of said three months. When two or more settlers on unsurveyed land ai'e found upon survey to be residinj; upon, or to have valuable improvements upon, the same smalli st legal subdivisiou, tliey may make joint entry of such tract, and separate entries of the residue of their claims. This joint entry may be made in pursuance of contract between the parties or without it. (Revjsed Statutes, sec. 2,274.) 12. Should the settler, in eiihiT or the aforesaid cases, die before establi.=hing his cltim within tlie per'od limited by law, the title may be perfected by the executor, administrator, or one of the heirs, by making tlie requsitH proof of settlemi'nt and paying for the land; the entry to be made in the name of "the heirs" of the deceased settler; and the patent will be issued aceordingly. The legal r^ presenta- tives of the deceased pre-emptor are entitled to make the entry at auy time wiihin the perio I to which the pre-emptor would be entitled if living. Section 2,261 of the Revised Statutes prohibits the second filing of a declaratory statement by any pre-emptor qualified at the da"e of his first filing where saill filing has been in all re.ipects legal. Where the first fil ng, however, is illegal from any cause, he has the right to make a second and legal filing. LAWS EXTENDING THE HOMESTEAD PRIVILEGE. 13. The laws extending the homestead privilege, embraced in sections 2,289 to 2,317 of the Revised Statutes, give to every citizen, and lo those who have de- clared their intention to become citizens, the right lo a homestead on survey eO, lands. This is conceded to the extent of one-quarter sectie required to pay the final commissions on both entries, when a final receipt will be issued for the money) and thereupon a final certificate issued to call both for the tract in the original entry and the additional tr^ict. On these papers the reg s er and receiver will m ike a reference to the original and the additional entry, and on them one patent will issue for both; yet where it happens that the original entry and the additional entry are made in different land districts, this rule must be departed from, so far as regards the issuing of one final certificate and receipt for both. 25. The following proof will be required of parties applying for the benefits of these section-, in addition to the prescribed affidavit of the applicant: 1st. Cerlitied copy of certificate of discharge, showing when the party enlisled and when he was discharged; or, if this cannot be procured, then the affidaviis of two respectal>le, disinterested witnesses, corroborative of the allegations contained in the prescribed affidavit on these points. 2d. In case of widows, the prescribed evidence of military service of the hus- band, »■> above, with affidavit of widowhood. : d. In case of minor orphan children, in addition to the prescribed evidence of militiiiy service of the fiither, proof of death or marriage of the mother. Evi- dence of death may be the testimony of two witnesses or certificate of a physiciaa duly attested. Evidence of marriage may be a certified copy of marriage certificate, or of tue record of same, or testimony of two witnesses to the marriage ceremony. 2(). The regist'T and receiver will be allowed to charge one dollar each for receiving and filino; the initiatorv declaration of the parties in cases where such declarations are filed. This fee the receiver will account for in the usual manner, indicating the same in his accounts as fees for "homestead declarations," which will be charged against the maximum of $3,000 now allowed by law. In the States and Territories, for which 50 per centum additional is allowed by the twelfth subd vision of section 2,i38 of the Bevised Statutes, the additional allowance will api) y 10 the fee herein named, viz: California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Colorado,' Idaho, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana. 27. Provuinns for the benefit of Indians. — The 15th and 16th sections of the act of March 3, 1875, extends the benefits of the homestead act of May 20, 1862, and the acts amendatory thereof (now embodied in sections 2,290, 2,291, 2,292, and 2,995 to 2,302, inclusive, of the Revised Statutes), to any Indian, born in the United Slates, who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twentv-one years; and who has abandoned, or may hereafter abandon, his tribal relations with the exception that the provisions of the eighth section of said act of 1863 (section 2,301 of the Revised Statutes), shall not be held to apply to entries made thereunder, and with the proviso that the title to lands acquired by any Fourth Annual Report. 838 Indian by virtue thereof shall not be subject to alienation or incumbrance, either by vuluntaiy conveyHnco, or the judgment, decree, or order of any court, and sliall be and remain laulienable for a period of five years from the date of the patent issueit therefor. A« lu'liau desiring to enter public land under this act must make Application to the register and receiver of the proper district land office; also an affidavit setiing forth the fact of h s In.liaii character, Ihat he was born in ihe United Stalei, that he is tlit^headof a family or has arrived at the aieof tAcnty-one years; (hat he faxs abandoned his tribal relations and adopti d the habits and pursuits of civilized life, a d this must be corroborated by the affidavits of two or more disinterested witnesses. If no objection appear, the register and receiver will then permit him to enter the tra't desired, according lo the existing regulations, so far as applicable, under the homestead law, the register writing across ihe face of the application, the woi-ds, " Indian homestead— act of March 3, 187."i;" tliey will note the entry on their records and make returns tliereof to ttds offlre, with which they will s nd the affidavits siilimitled. It will be observed that ihe provisions of the eighth seetion of the net of May 2 •, lit)2 (sec'ion2,3.)l of the Revi.«ed Statutes), wliicli admit ■ f the commutins; of home>*tead lo cash entries, do not apply to this class of homesteads, 28. A 1 lands ob aine t under the homestiad laws are exempt from liability for debts contracted prior 1 1 the issninst of patent therefor 2J. For homestead entries on lands in Micliigiin, Wisconain, Iowa, Missouri, Minneso'a, Khusas Nebraska, Dakota, Alabam:i. Misissi pi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Florida, fees are to be paid according to the to.lowing table: Price Per ACBK. CoMMiseioir. Fees. Total Fees Payable When Entry is Made. Payable When Certificate Issues. Payable When Entry is Made. AND Commissions. l(i0 80 40 80 40 $1 3d 1 -a 1 a.j 2 .w 8.50 $4.00 2.00 1 00 4 00 2 00 $4.00 i 00 1.00 4 00 ' 2 00 $10.00 6 10 5.00 10.00 5 00 $18.00 9 00 T 00 18 (10 9 00 NnTB.— Wtiere entries are made on $"2.50 lands by officers, .•oldicrs and s-niors, nndcr seetif^n 2.304 of t'leitevisecl Statutes, doiibie the amutiut oT the active eommissions must of course be paid, thai IS, for IbO acres of $^.30 $8 ac the date of entry, and $8 upuu proving up By section 2,303 of the Reviscl S'atufes, the public lands in five of the above Stales, vz: Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, A kansas, and Kloridii, are not sub- ject to dispos d in any other niannet than accurd ug to the provisions of the home- stead 1 ins. In addition to the Slates and Territor es named, the above rate s will aiiply lo Ohio, fndiana and Illinois, if any vacant tnicls can he lound liable to entry in lliese three States, where but very few isolated tracts of public land remain unlisp >se I of 31). la the Pacific and other political divisions, viz., on lands in Calirornia, Nevad I, Oregon. Colorado, New Mexico, and Washington, and in Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Wyom ns^, iind Muntana, the commissions and fees are lo be paid according to tue following table: Price Per Acre. Commissions. Fees. Total Fees Acres Payable When* J£nt.iyisMade. Payable When Cbrtificatb Issuts. Payable When Entry is M aue. AND Commissions. 160 8) 40 80 40 (1 25 1 25 1 25 2 .50 8.50 $6 00 3 00 1 60 6 00 3 00 $6 00 3 OH 1 50 0.00 3.00 $10 00 5.00 5 00 10 110 6 00 $22.00 11 IK) 8.00 22 no 11 00 The note to the table under the 29th head applie 4 also to this table of rates. 334 State Board of Agkiculture. LAWS TO PROMOTE TIMBER CULTURE. 31. The timber-culture act, of March 13, 1874, amendatory of the act of March 3, 1873, (sections 2,464 to 3,468 of the Revised Statutes), is to the following effect: 1. The privilege of entry under this act is confined to persons who are heads of families, or over twenty-one years of age, and who are citizens of the United States, or have declared their Intention to become such; 2. The affidavit required for initiating an entry under this act may be made be- fore the register or receiver of the district office for the land district embracing the desired tract, or before some officer authorized to administer oaths in that district, who is required by law to use an official seal; 3. Not more than one quarter of any one section can be entered under this act; 4. The privilege of making more than one entry thereunder, is confined to such parlies as shall enter, in each and every instance, a fractional subdivision of less than forty acres, and the aggregate area of such entries shall not exceed 160 acres; 5. The ratio of area required to be broken, planted, etc., is, in all cases initiated under the first sectioij of this act, one-fourth of the land embraced in the entry; 6. One-fourth part of the area required to be devoted to timber must be broken within one year from the date of entry; one-fourth part more within two years from date of entry; and the remaining one-half within three years from date o£ entry; 7. One-fourth part of the area required to be devoted to timber must be planted within two years from date of entry; one-fourth part more within three years from date of entry; and the remainmg one-half within four years from date of entry; 8. The trees are required to be not more than twelve feet apart each way, and the same are required to be protected, cultivated, and kept in a healthy growing con- dition for eight years next succeeding the date of entry; 9. If, at the expiration of the said eight years, or at any time within five years thereafter, the person making the entry, or, if he or she be dead, his or her heirs or legal representatives, shall prove by two credible witnesses the fact of such plant- ing, cultivation, etc., of the said timber for not less than the said period of eight years, he, she, or they shall receive a patent for the land embraced in said entry; 10. In case of the death of a person who, having entered a quarter section, has complied with the provisions of this act for the period of three years — that is to say, who has broken ten acres the first year, ten acres the second year, and twenty acres the third year, and who has planted ten acres with timber the second j'ear, and len acres the third year — then, and in that case, his or her heirs or legal representa- tives shall be permitted, at their option, to continue to comply with the provisions of this act during the unexpired portion of the eight years, and thereupon receive a patent for said quarter section; or, on making proper proof of the compliance of the deceased settler, with the requirements of the act for the said period of three years, they shall receive, without delay, a patent for forty acres of said quarter section, upon the condition that they relinquish to the United States all claim to the remainder of the land embraced in such entry; 11. If, at any time, after not less than one y.ear from the date of entry under the first section of this act, and prior to the issue of a patent therefor, the claimant shall fail to do the breaking and planting required by this act, or any part thereof,, or shall fail to cultivate, protect and keep in good condition such timber, then, and in that event, such land shall becoine liable to a contest in the manner provided in homestead cases; and upon due proof of such failure the entry shall be canceled and the land become again subject to entry under the homestead laws, or by some other person under the provisions of this act; 12. Each and every homestead settler, at any time after the end of the third year of his or her residence, who, in addition to the settlement and improvements required by the homestead laws, shall have had under cultivation for two years one acre of timber (the trees thereon being not more than twelve feet apart each way, and in a good thrifty condition) for each and every sixteen acres of said home- stead, shall, upon due proof of such fact by two credible witnesses, receive his or her patent for said homestead; 13. No land acquired under the provisions of this act shall in any event become liable to the satisfaction of any debt or debts contracted prior to the issuing of final certificate therefor; 14. The fees for all entries under this act shall be ten dollars, and the commission FotJETH Annual Report. 335 of registers and receivers on all entries, irrespective of area, shall be four dollars,- two dollars to each, at the date of entry, and a like sum at the date of final proof; 15. No distinction is made, as to area or the amount of fee and commissions,- between minimum and double-minimum lands; a party may enter 160 acres of either on payment of the prescribed fee and commissions; 16. The fifth section of the act entitled "An act in addition to an act to punish crimes against the United States, and for other purposes," approved March 3, 1857, shall extend to all oaths, affirmations, and aflidavits required or authorized by this act; 17. Parties who may have already made entries under the timber-culture act of March 3, 1873, of which this is amendatory, shall be permitted to continue and complete the same in the manner and under the conditions prescribed by this act. 32. Pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the following regulations will be observed, viz: First. The register and receiver will restrict entries under this act to some one "technical quarter section'.' in any section of public land which is wholly prairie and naturally devoid of timber, and, hence, sub3ect to the operation of the act, which may be either the northeast quarter, southeast quarter, northwest quarter, or southwest quarter, as the first legal applicant for a timber-culture entry in such sec- tion may elect. Before allowing any entry applied for they will, by a careful exam- ination of the plat and tract books with reference to any previous entry or entries within the limits of the same section, satisfy themselves that the desired entry is. admissible under this rule. Second. In the case of an application for a fractional subdivision containing less than forty acres, they will require the applicant to state in his affidavit that he has, or has not, as the case may be, made a previous entry of a similar fractional subdi- vision. If he shall have made one or more such previous entries they will require him to exhibit his duplicate receipts or patents therefor, and will note the same by number, acres, district, and description of the land, upon the application presented, thus: " Previous entry No. — '^, iBsScripiion^l acres, District." Third. When they shall have satisfied themselves that the land applied for is properly subject to such entry, they will require the party to make affidavit, and to pa'y the fee and that part of the commissions payable at the date of entry, and the receiver will issue his receipt therefor, in duplicate, giving the party a duplicate receipt. They will number the entry in its order, in a separate series of numbers, unless they have already a series under the act of March 3, 1873, to which this act is amendatory, in which case they will number the entry as one of that series; they will note the entry on their records, and report it in their monthly returns, sending up all papers therein, with an abstract of the entries allowed dur- ing the month under this act. Fourth. The fee and commissions in this class of entries the receiver will account for in the usual manner, indicating the same as fees and commissions on timber- culture entries, which will be charged against the maximum of $3,000 now allowed by law. Fifth. When a homestead party claims a patent for his homestead entry under the fourth section of this act, the register and receiver will require him to make affidavit, and proof, which must show that he has resided upon and cultivated the tract for not less than three years, in addition to the facts that the land is prairie in character, and that he has cultivated timber thereon, as required to bring the case within the provisions of said fourth section. This being done, and the proper com- missions paid, the receiver will isstie his receipt for the money, and the register his final certificate for the entry, the papers to be numbered in the regular final homestead series. Sixth. In all cases under this act it will be required that trees shall be cultivated, which shall be of the class included in the term ^^ timber " the cultivation of shrub- bery and fruit-trees not being sufficient. PRESENT ATIOK OP APPEALS. 33. Any party aggrieved by the rejiection of his claim has a right to appeal from the decision of the register and receiver to the comrnissioner of the General Land Office. Such appeal, however, with the reasons therefor, must be filed with the land officers within thirty days from the date of their decision, accompanied by the rejected papers, if any; also, with any argument the party desires to file. These papers will then be f brwarded to the commissioner by the district land officers for review and dedsion. ' 'Their report should set forth the natiire of the claim, whether: 3-^fi Statk Board of Agriculture. homestead, pre-emption, timber culture, railroad, mineral, swamp, or other State selection, with the names of parties, description of land, number of filing, entry, list or selection, and date of hearing. No appeal will be entertained unless sent up through the district land office. The party may still further appeal from the decision of the commissioner of the General Land Office to the Secretary of the Interior. This appeal must be ta en wiihin sixty days after service of notice on the partj'. It may be tiled with the dis- trict land officers, and by them forwarded; or it may be filed with the commissioner, and must recite the points of exception. If not appealed, the decision is by law made final. (See section 3,37:} of the Revised Statutes.) After appeal, thirty days are usually allowed for tiling nri^umeats, and the case is then sent to the Secretary, whose decision is final and conclusive BEGISTEBS' AND RECBIVBKS' RETURNS. 34. Within three days from the close of each month the district land officers are required to make out and transmit to the General Land Office a statement of the business of their respective offices lor the preceding mouth. These reporis are in the form of abstracts of pre-emption declarations and of soldiers declarations filed, abstracts of lands sold, Mbstracts of homesteads entered, abstracts of timber culture entries allowed, abstracts of military bounty lind war- rants, and of agricultural college scrip iocated, accompanied bj- tiie certificates of purchase, receiver's leceipts, homestead and timber culture applications and affida- vits, military bounty land warrants and agricultural college scrip surrendered as satisfied, and the certificates of location thereof. The abstracts, after b' ing carefully examined by the register and receiver, are to be certified by them as correct, and as in conformity with the papers in the entries or locations embraced therein, and with their records, which papers, abstracts, and records must aeree with each other. The receiver is required also to render promptly a monthly account of all money) received, showing the balance due the Gi)vernment at the close of each mouth. At the end of every quirtet he must also transmit a quiiterly nmonut. as lei eiver; apon the several accounts an adjustment is here made and submiited to the Treas- ury Department for final setilement. He must also render a quarterly disbursing account of all moneys expended. The receiver is required to deposit the moneys received by him at some deposi- tory designated liy tlie Secretary of the TreMSUiy when the amount on hand shall have reached the sum of twi thousnnd dolurs ; and in no case is he authorized, without special instructions, to hold a larger amount in his hands. 35. It IS the duty of the registers and receivers to be in iittendaiice at their offices, and give propei- facilities and information to persons applying for lands. 37. Laws and instructions relating to mining claims form the subject of a sepa- rate circular. Lands bearing " goM, silver, Hnnabar, lead, tin, copper, or o-her valuable deposits," are not subject to diS|ios>l under the homestead and pre-emption laws. 38. Registers and receivers of the land offices are not authorized by law to make any charge for the r si-rvices in accepting or entering pre-emption or homestead claims other than such as are herein set forth. 39. By section 2,224 of the Hevised Statutes it is, among other things, provided that ujion satisfactory prof that either of said officer-, or any other officer, has charged or received fees or other rewards not authorized by la a , he shall forthwith be removed from office. S. S. BURDETT, Corrmissioner of the GenercU Land Office. EXTENSION OF TIME TO PRE-EMPTORS IN DISTRICTS RAVAGED BY GRASSHOPPERS. Departmeut op the Interior, General Land Office, ) Washington, D. C, May 11, 1875, J Registers and Receivers . Genti.e.\ien:— RefeiTingto my circular letler of Jan. 5th, 1875, transmitting to you a copy of the act for the relief of settlers on the public lands, approved Fourth Annual Report. 337 December 28, 1874, 1 have now to inform you that, upon the earnest representa- tions of senators in Congress, and other distinguished citizens of some of the States aforesaid, and from considerations of humanity believed to be consistent with tho general purposes of the legislation in question, I deem it proper to so far modify the instructions embraced in the concluding paragraph of my said circular letter, as to hold that the benefits extended by the law to pre-emptors who, by reason of the ravages of grasshoppers are compelled to leave and be absent from their lands, may also be extended to pre-emptors whose crops have in like manner Deen destroyed but who have, nevertheless, continued their residence upon their respective claims. Those whose crops were destroyed or seriously injured in 1874, will be entitled to the extension of one year from and after July 1, 1875, and when the injury occurs ID 1875, the extension will date from July 1, 1876. To the end that this class of pre-emptors may not be confounded with those whose crops are not destroyed or seriously injured, written notice should be filed in your office by those claiming the extension prior to the date when their respective periods for proof and payment would otherwise expire. S. S. BURDKTT, Commissioner of the General Land Office. The circular letter to which the foregoing refers, permits homestead settlers whose crops were destroyed by grasshoppers in 1874, to be absent from their home- steads until July 1, 1875; and in case the grasshoppers should re-appear in 1875, and make like destruction, a like permit of absence is granted until July 1, 1876. 338 State Board of AGEicuLTtTRE. RAILROAD LANDS. October 26th, the following letter was sent to the Land Commissioner of each of the land-grant railroads in the State: " Office State Boakd of Agkicultuke, " Topeka, October 26, 1875. " Deae Sir: If you will furnish this oflBce with a statement of the unsold lands of your company, by counties, with maximum, minimum, and average price, together with such other information as will be of public interest, the same will be published, with like information from other sources, in the Fourth Annual Keport of the State Board of Agriculture, which is now being compiled. " Yours respectfully, "Alfred Gray, Secretary." In response to the foregoing, the following statements were received: LAND DEPARTMENT OF THE ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA PE RAILROAD COMPANY. A. B. Johnson, J. Cooper, Acting Commissioner, Topeka, Kansas. Secreta/ry. Secretary State Board of Agriculture: In the following table you will find the whole number of acres belonging to this company, by counties; the number of acres sold in each county up to the 31st of October, 1875; the number of acres remaining for sale, and the minimum and maxi- mum prices per acre : CotJKTIBS. Whole No. op Acbbs. No. OP Acbes Sold. Acres Unsold. Banqb op Pricks. From To 894,34 13,127.94 426.86 640.00 32,549.81 131,331.42 211,130.80 52,258.95 169,091.46 82,880.74 97,569.18 314,024.83 165,009.91 187,391.82 61,400.00 220,558.88 135,000.00 90,000.00 46,000.00 120,000.00 115,907.44 752,805.62 520.28 2,442.66 270.99 374.06 10,685.28 155,87 640.00 28,427.93 119,463.87. 90,021.59 35,455.97 55,800.02 60,007.99 49,816.74 255,156.54 136,918.40 142,498.77 59,760.00 201,668.61 132,655.94 90,000.00 46,000.00 IJO.OOO.OO 115,267.44 744,856.92 J4.00 2.50 $8.00 8.00 6.50 Wabaunsee Lyon Greenwood '"""2^25' 2.25 3.50 3 75 2.75 3.75 2.75 1.75 2.75 1.75 4.50 4.50 4.50 1.75 1.75 3 75 Morris 4,121.88 11,867.65 121,109.21 16,802.98 113,291.44 22,872.75 48,352.44 68,868.29 28,097.51 44,899.05 1.640.00 18,890,27 2,344.06 7.75 Chase 10.00 9.00 9.00 11.00 Sedgwick Mcpherson Reno Rice 12.00 8.00 10.00 9.00 Barton Rush Pawnee Edwards --. Stafford 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8 00 Kiowa 8 00 Hodgeman _ Ford 640.00 8,548.70 Unorganised Total 3,000,000.00 505,580.06 2,494,419.94 TOTAL SALES AND CASH KECBITED. Total numher of acres sold to October 31st, 1875 ^.. 505,580.06 Total amount for which they were sold $2,627,383.44 Average price per acre -. 5.19% Cash rereived on sales $ 664,016.95 CMh received on deferred payments - 303,509.90 Total $ 967,626,85 Fourth Annual Report. 339 With the first of January, 1873, we commenced keeping a record of the locality from Mrhence our purchasers came, and we give below, a table showing the number from each locality, the total number of acres purchased, and the quantity to each purchaser : From ^3 ACRKfl. 4 Pbom 4 H Acres. Atbbasb No. ACRKS. Illinoia 752 5.33 348 165 100 98 50 38 37 .37 34 33 26 17 8 8 7 129,389.87 78,762.64 48,635.42 24,475.10 17,213.90 15,653.10 6,716.30 6,427.26 4,913.90 5,129.70 8,343.81 6,318.62 6,198.87 4,205.90 1,060.64 1,612.53 799.72 172 148 189 148 172 159 135 148 133 13-i 245 181 2,38 247 131 201 113 Texas 5 5 4 ■i 3 2 2 2 1 509.00 1,276.25 640.00 899.50 .360.00 160 00 720.00 160.00 160.00 160.00 160.00 80 00 22.20 160.00 160.00 160.00 160.00 102.00 Foreign countries, direct 255.00 West Virginia 160.00 133.00 Ohio Bliode Island -. 120.00 80.00 Michigan Vermont 360.00 80.00 Wisconsin Maine 160.00 Virginia 160.00 Oregon 160.00 New York Nevada 80.00 22 20 Connecticut Nortli Carolina 160.00 160.00 160.00 160.00 I append a brief statement of our TERMS OP SALE. No. 1. Eleven years' credit, with seven per cent, interest. On the date of pur- chase, one-tenth of the principal is paid, with seven per cent, interest on the bal- ance. The first and second years, only the interest at seven per cent, is paid each year; the third year, and each year thereafter, one-tenth of the principal, with seven per cent, interest on the balance, is paid annually, until the whole is paid. No. 2 is also on eleven years' credit, with seven per cent, interest, only no part of the principal becomes due for four years. During the first four years only the in- terest is required, and in the last eight years, one-eighth of the principal, with seven per cent, interest on the balance, is paid annually until the whole is paid. No. 3 is in three payments. In consideration of the purchaser paying one-third of the principal down, with interest on the balance at ten per cent., and the re- mainder in one aud two years, with ten per cent, interest, we make a discount of ■ twenty per cent, from the appraised value. No. 4 is a cash sale, in which we make a discount of twenty per cent, from the appraised price, and give warranty deed. HuTOHnrsoN, Kansas, October 26th, 1875. CoL. A. S. Johnson, Topeka, Kansas: Dear Sir: In reply to your request for a statistical report of our success in tree planting along the line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, I have to say, that we have planted a variety of trees and seeds at four difierent stations along the line of the said road. The first experimental station is at Hutchinson, 180 miles west of the eastern line of the State, and 1,500 feet above the sea level; Soil, a light, sandy loam. Trees planted in rows six feet apart and two feet apart in the row, measured in October, 1875, as follows: 340 State Boaed of Ageicttltuee. TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OF 1873. GROWTH OF THREE YEARS. Nahs of Tbbk. AOS AT TlHB OF Plantino. Pboportion LiVINO. extebmes op Hbioht. AVBBAQI Hbisht. DiAKBTBItIN Inches. Silver Maple- 1 year old Cuttings, Seed, 50 per cent. 60 " 95 100 " 100 90 " 20 25 6 to 9 feet. 6 to 8 " 5 to 7 " 8 to 10 " 10 to 12 " 6 to 8 '■ 6 to 8 " 16 to 18 " 7 to 8 " 7 to 9 " 7 to 9 " 8 to 10 " 5 to 7 " 2 to 3 " 4 to 6 " 7 feet. 7 6 " 9 " 11 7 " 7 " 17 754 " 8 8 " 9 6 " r- :: 1 to 2 inches. 1 to 2 " Hoaey Locust Catalpa 1 to 3 " 2 to 3 " Ailantus 2 to 4 " American Elm Silver Poplar 1 to 2 " 1 to 2 " 3 to 4 " Peach 2 to 8 " 1 to 2 " Catalpa 1 to 2 " 2 to 3 " Black Walnut 1 to 2 " Kentucky Coflfee Ash >4 to 1 " 1 to 154 " TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OF 1874. GROWTH OP TWO TEARS. Nahb o; Tbbe. Age AT Time OF Planting. Pbopobtion Living. exteumes of Height. AVEBAGB Height. Diametee in Inches. 1 year old, Cuttings, Seed, 100 per cent. 100 " 60 20 " 7 to 9 feet. 8 to 10 " 10 to 13 " 6 to 8 " 5 to 7 " 6 to 8 " 2 to 3 " 6 to 10 inches. 8 feet. 9 11 7 6 7 2>!f " 8 inches. 1 to 2 in. AUantus. . ... 1 to 2 " 2 to 3 •' Grey Willow 1 to 2 " 54 to 1 " AUantus 1 to a " Black Walnut , 54 to 1 " TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OF 1875. GROWTH OF ONE YEAR. Name of Tbbe. Age at Time OF Planting. Pbopobtion Living. ExTBEfilBS OF Height. AVEBAGE Height. Cottonwood Ailantus Cottonwood Peach Ash Box Elder Honey Locust... Black Walnut... Kentucky Coffee Haokberry Silver Maple Catalpa 1 year old, 1 Cuttings, Seed, 100 per cent. 100 60 ■' 6 to 9 feet. 2 to 4 " 6 to 9 " 24 to 36 inches. 12 to 20 " 20 to 30 " 15 to 25 " 12 to 18 " 4 to 12 " 12 to 20 " 20 to 30 " 24 to 36 " 7 S 7 30 15 25 20 15 6 15 25 30 feet, inches. The second experimental station is at Ellinwood, 815 miles west of the east line of the State; elevation 1,760 feet. Soil a black, sandy loam, with stiff clay subsoil. The following table shows the success of the different varieties planted here; TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OF 1873. GROWTH OF THREE TEARS. Nameb of Tbebs. Agb at Time OP Planting. Pbopobtion Living. extbemes op Height. AvEBAGB Height. Diambteb in Inches. Silver MaDle _ __ 1 year old. Cuttings, Seeds, 80 percent. 100 " 90 90 90 50 7 to 8 feet. 6 to 8 " 4 to 6 " 6 to 9 " 5 to 7 " 11 to 13 " 4 to 6 " 7 to 9 " 8 to 10 " 5 to 6 " 3 to 4 ■' 3 to 5 " 754 feet. 7 5 7 6 .12 5 8 9 654 " 1« :: 154 to 254 in- Honey LocuBt Catalpa - 1 to 2 1 to 254 1 to2 1 to 2 3 to4 1 to 2 1 to 2 1 to 2 1 to 2 54tol 1 to 2 American Elm Ash Black Walnut — : Fourth Annual Report. 341 TREES PLANTED IN SPEINQ OF 1874. GROWTH OF TWO YEARS. Nauss ot Tbbbs. AOE AT TlMB or Plantino; Propobtion LlTINQ. EXTBBMffiS OF HSIOHT. ArSBAOE Hkiqht. Diameter in Inches. 1 year old. Cuttings, Seed, 90 per cent. . 80 " 60 " 20 20 " 5 to 6 feet. 3 to 5 " 7 to 9 " 5 to 7 " 4 to B " 5 to 7 " 3 to 5 " 2 to 3 " 5ii feet. 4 8 " 6 1^ :: 4 m " 1 to 2 inches. Ash Htol 1 to2V4 1 to 2 1 to 2 1 to 2 )f tol i^to 1 Cottonwood Grey Willow White Willow Allan tas Osage Orange Black Walnut . — TREES PLANTED IN SPRIN6 OF 1875. GROWTH OF ONE TEAR. Names op Trees. AoB AT Time Oir FliANTINO. Pbopoetion LiVXNO. Extremes op HSISHT. Ateraoe Height. 1 year old. Seed, Cuttings, 90 per cent. 100 " 100 " 90 90 100 100 " 10 to 30 inches. 3 to 5 feet. 18 to 36 inches. 15 to 30 " 10 to 20 " 18 to 36 " 6 to 18 6 to 12 " 4 to 6 " 20 inches. 4 feet. 25 inches. 20 " 15 " 24 " 10 " 10 " 5 feet. Catalpa Honey Locust Peach (Beedling) Ash . 75 per cent. The third station is at Garfield, 256 miles west of the State line; elevation 2,100 feet. Soil, light loam, with clay subsoil. Here we did not commence planting until spring of 1874, a year later than at the other stations. The following table shows the success of different varieties planted here: TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OF 1874. GROWTH OP TWO TEARS. Names of Tbsbs. Aqb at Time OF PliANTINO. Proportion LiVXNO. BXTRBMKa OV Hbiqht. Atbragb Hbiqht. Diameter in iKOHEa. Box Elder 1 year old. Cuttings, Seed, lOO percent. 100 20 " 10 4 to 6 feet. 5 to 6 " 7 to 9 " 6 to 8 " 5 to 6 " 2to4 " 4 to 5 " 5 feet. 6i4 " 8 7 l^ :: 4V4 " 1 to 2 inches. lto2 lto2 Grey Willow 1 to 1% " ltolV4 " Black Walnut 1 to m " Ailantns 1 to 1% " TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OF 187S. GROWTH OF ONE YEAR. Names of Trees. Age at Time Off FliAKTING. Proportion LiTINO. Extremes or ilEIOHT. Ateraoe Height. Box Elder 1 year old, 1 " 1 " Cntthigs, Seed, 100 per cent. 90 80 " 75 100 " 60 12 to 30 inches. 6 to 24 " 6 to 20 " 6 to 12 " 12 to 30 " 5 to 7 feet. 6 to 12 inches. 6 to 18 " 24 inches. 18 " 15 " 9 " 24 " 6 feet. 9 inches. 12 " American Elm Honey Locust Ash Peach Cottonwood Black Walnut ' Catalna The fourth station is at Spearville, 283 miles west of the State line; elevation, 2,480 feet; soil, deep, dark loam, with clay subsoil. This place is on the high up- land prairie, and is generally known by the name of "Dry Ridge." While the growth is not quite as good, the trees lived about as well as at other points farther east, as the following table will show : 342 State Board of Agriculture. TREES PLANTED IN SPEING OP 1873. GROWTH OF THREE YEARS. Nambs op Trbbs. Agb at Tihx or Plantino. Propobtion Living. EXTREUES OF Hbight. Atbbaoe H£IQHT. DiAMBTEB INlMCHBB. Silrer Maple Box Elder 1 year old, 1 " 1 Seed, 90 per cent. 80 " 100 " 100 4 to 5 feet. 4 to 6 " 4 to 5 " 4 to 6 " 2 to 8 " 4 to 5 '• 4>tf feet. 5 " f' :: 2V4 " 4X " 1 to 2 In. 1 to 2 " Honey Locust 1 tolVi " 1 to 2 " Black Walnnt )f to 1 " 1 to 2 " Allan tas TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OF 1874. GROWTH OP TWO YEARS. Names op Trees. Abb AT Time OF Planting. Proportion Living. Extremes OF Height. Atbbage Height. Diameter IN Inches. Box Elder 1 year old, 1 Seed, 90 per cent. 100 " 50 " 4 to 6 feet, a to 4 " lto2 " 1 to a " 3 to 5 " 5 feet. 3 f' :: 1 to a inches Ailantus 1 to 2 •' Ash Black Walnut >tftol " Xtil " =i to 1 ■' Box Jilder TREES PLANTED IN SPRING OP 1875. GROWTH OF ONE YEAR. Names of Trees. Age at Time OF Planting. Proportion Living. EXTRBHBS OF Height. Average Height. Ailantus 1 year old. Seed, 100 per cent. 90 " 75 80 " 80 75 12 to 30 inches. 6 to 15 " 3 to 12 " 10 to 30 " 12 to 36 " ,3 to 12 " 6 to 12 " 34 Inches. 12 " 9 " 20 " 24 '• 6 " 9 " American Elm Peach - BoiBlder Ash Black Walnut Considering that all our planting the first year was on newly-broken sod, and hav- ing the devastating army of grasshoppers the second year (1874) to contend with, I think the success of our work will compare favorably with forest-tree planting in other parts of the country. Yours respectfully, C. H. LONGSTBBTH, Forester for A., T. &. S. F. M. X. Co. LAND DEPARTMENT OF THE KANSAS PACIFIC RAILWAY. By 8. J. GiliMORE, Land Commissioner. Lands belonging to Kansas Pacific Railvfay Company, and unsold October Ist, 1875. COUNTIBS. AORE^. Counties. ACBBB. Wyandotte .-, Johnison Douglas Franklin Jackson Shawnee Osage Wabaunsee... Pottawatomie Morrib Davis Riley Marion Dickinson Clay Ottawa Saline McPherson ... Lincoln Ellsworth 120.00 378. C9 40 00 411.78 707 13 200.00 80 00 41,065.09 9,731.22 6,406.51 41,784,. 38 27,721.59 314.12 27,237.11 1,791.09 41,811.74 44,659.22 22,703.13 80,685.66 153,162.90 Rice Osborne Russell Barton Rooks i Ellis Rush 1 Graham Trego... Ness Sheridan Gove Wallace Thomas Sherman ..: Wichita Greeley Total in Kansas 51,238.39 23,007.72 232,060.74 9a,831.24 38,616.88 218,069.57 77,409.05 125,520.92 202,218.66 8,247.64 176,105.03 215,441.28 608,903.05 202,614.73 66,867.28 16,010.20 60,081.34 2,919,144.38 Maximum price, $6 per acre: minimum, $2; average, Fourth Annual Report. 34B LAND DEPARTMENT, MrSSOURI, KANSAS & TEXAS RAILWAY. By Isaac T. Goodkow, Land Commissioner. Agreeable to your request of the 38th ult. , I hand you the following statement of lands unsold in the different counties within the grant of the M., K. & T. R. R., Nov. 1, 1875. COUKTISS. MorriB Woodson ... Wabaunsee - Greenwood . Coifpy Anderson... Builer Clay Acres. 38,045.15 49,488.97 64,186.60 70,937.28 £2,324.68 8,134.67 5,615.97 1,760.00 COCNTIBS. Lyon Davis Chase Dickinson . Riley Allen Cloud Marion 45,129.97 36,926.55 44,339.82 33,128.20 16,382.00 6,181.47 3,438.63 320.95 The prices of above lands are usually from $2 to $6 per acre, and sgld ou ten years' time, at seven per cent, interest; or 33}^ per cent, discount for all cash. LAND DEPARTMENT OP THE MISSOURI RIVER, PORT SCOTT AND GULF RAILROAD. By Jno. a. Clark, Land Commissioner. The Missouri River, Port Scott & Gulf Railroad Company has, in round numbers. 375,000 acres of land in Kansas remaining unsold, viz.: Bourbon County 45,000 acres. Crawford " 170,000 Cherokee " 155,000 Allen " 2,000 Linn " 1 8,000 " The prices of the agricultural lands are from $3.00 to $8.00 per acre — averaging about $5.50; and of coal land from $8.00 to |35.00 — with some tracts higher — averaging about $15.00. The lands are Bold on credit, running through ten years; one-fifth, or 30 per cent. , reduction is made for cash. The title is perfect. CENTRAL BRANCH, UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD LANDS. This company has unsold lands, located as follows, to wit. : Atchison 9,300.43 acres. Brown 49,594.94 " Jackson -. 286.00 " Marshall 94,155.49 " Nemaha ..-. 32,766.01 Pottawatomie 43,710.19 " Biley : 7,445.18 " Pottawatomie and Riley.- 3,456.70 " Owing to the fact that the above list of lands was not received until after the maps of Atchison and Brown counties were engraved, the lands located in those counties do not appear on the maps. INDEX. A^ PAGE Acreage, in all crops for fifteen years 25 Agricultural college, cost of 301 Agricultural statistics (see counties, indus- tries of) 301 Agriculture- Area 20 Cattle 32 Diagram of crops 25-38 Biagram of improved land 23 Diagram of population 24 Domestic animals 38, 33 Drought , 18 Horses 33 Improved lands 22 Kansas and seven other States compared, 35-38 Eainfall 20,21,31 Sheep 32 Sketch of, by J. A. Anderson 18-38 Statistics 23-39 Swine 32. Unorganized counties 20, 396 Wheat 28, 30 Wheat, average yield 34 Allen county, industries of 44 Anderson county, industries of 47 Anderson, J. A. on Kansas Agriculture 18-38 Apiaculture (see county industries) 44-297 Appropriations 299-301 Area 20 Assessed valuation 302 Atchison copnty, industries of 50 Auditor, annual appropriations to 300, 301 B Banks and bankers 316-318 (See county industries) 44-297 Barbour county, industries of 56 Barley, tables of product and value 33, 35 Barton county, industries of 58 Blind asylum, cost of 299-301 Board of agriculture, cost of 299-301 Bourbon county, industries of 61 Breweries 315 Broom corn, tables of product and value. . .33, 35 Brown county, industries of 65 Buckwheat, tables of product and value 33, 35 Building stone (see counties, industries of) 44-297 Butler county, industries of 69 C Capitol buildinas 8, 9, 10, 12, 16 Castor bean, tables of product and value.. 33, 35 Catholic missions 8 PAOE Chase county, industries of 75 Chautauqua county, industries of 72 Cherokee county, industries of 79 Churches 309-312 Denominations 309-312 Edifices 309-312 Membership 309-312 Organizations, number of 309-312 Value of church property 309-^12 (See counties, industries of) 44-297 Cigars 315 Clay county, industries of 82 Cloud county, industries of 86 Clover, meadow, tables of product and value. 33 Coal, see county industries 44-297 Cofley county, industries of 90 Constitution Hall g Com ^^ 33 Map, showing average yield, 1875 34 Product and value for 1875 33, 35 Coronado, expedition of 5 Cotton, table of product and value 33, 35 Counties — Names of 44-297 When organized 321 Industries of 44-297 Coanty indebtedness 302 County seats, list of (see counties, industries of) 44-297 Cowley county, industries of 95 Crawford county, industries of 98 Crops of the State for 1875 33 Cultivated acres of State 35 " " by counties 314 D Dairy products (see counties, industries of )44-297 Davis county, industries of loj Deaf and Dumb, cost of 299-301 Debt of State and sinking fund 298-301 Dickinson county, industries of 106 Dogs (see county industries) 44-297 Doniphan county, industries of m Douglas county, industries of 154 Edwards county, industries of ng JElk county, industries of x2] Ellis county, industries of 134 Ellsworth county, industries of 126 Explorations by Coronado, and others g m Face of country, (see counties, industries of) 44-297 Facts in relation to Kansas ' 5-17 346 State Board of Agkioultttee. PASS Farm animals, (see conntles, induBtries of)..... 44-297 Fences, (see conntles, industries of) 44-297 Flax- Tables of product and value 83 Product of 1874 and 1875 85 Ford county. Industries of 130 Franklin county, industries of 133 G- Gardens, (see counties, industries of) 44-297 Government lands, liow to obtain (see maps of counties) 327-337 Governor, annual appropriations to 300 Greeley, Horace, impressions of Kansas 13 Greenwood county, industries of 137 H Harvey comity, industries of 141 Hemp- Tables of product and value 33 Product of 1874 and 1875 35 History of Kansas, by D. W. Wilder B-17 Horses 87 Horticulture (see county industries) 44-297 I Indebtedness of counties 302 Illustrations and Diagrams— ' Bird's-eye view of agricultural college farm 2S4 Birds-eye view of Burlington 93 Bridge over Missouri river at Atchison. . . 54 Capitol buildings 8, 9, 10, 12, 16 Chase county court house 78 Diagram, showing annual school fund . . . 313 Diagram , showing appropriations for 1861- 1875, also State debt and sinking fund. . 298-301 Diagram, showing membership and valua- tion of church property 313 Diagram of occupations 324 Diagram, showing permanent school fund 313 Line exhibit of improved land 23 Line exhibit of population 94 Line exhibit of acreage of all crops for ie60andl875 25 Line exhibit of acreage of all crops by periods 26 Line exhibit of wheat and com 1860 and 1875 27 Line exhibit of rainfall 31 Line exhibit of average yield of com of seven States and Kansas, from 1862 to 1873 36 Line exhibit of the average yield of wheat of seven States and Kansas, from 1862tol873 36 Line exhibit of the relative average yield of wheat in seven States and Kansas, from 1862 to 1873 38 PAOB Illustrations and Diagrams- Line exhibit of the relative average yield of corn in seven States and Kansas, from 1862 to 1873 87 Line exhibit of the relative increase of winter and spring wheat, from 1870 to 1875 29, 30 Map, showing the average yield of winter wheat, spring wheat and corn 34 Map, showing the density and centre of population 322 View of Abilene and vicinity 109 View of Atchison 52 View of Blue Kapids 191 View of Chetopa Public School 167 View of Holton 151 View of Junction City and vicinity 104 View of Leavenworth City 173 View of Manhattan 254 View of Kocky Ford, Pottawatomie county 239 View of Topeka, capital of Kansas 269 View of Wyandotte and vicinity 293 Improved lands 22, 23 Industries by counties (see counties) 44-297 Insane Asylum, cost of 299-301 Irving, Washington, visits Kansas 7 J Jackson county, industries of 148 ■ Jefferson county, industries of 163 Jewell county, industries of 156 Johnson county, industries of 167 Judiciary, annual appropriations to 299-301 k: Kansas, ceded to Spain and France 6 Kansas, history of, by D. W. Wilder 5-17 L Labette county, industries of 163 Lands, public (see public lands) 327-337 Lands unsold (see maps of counties) 44-291 Lawrence, capitol buildings 10 Leavenworth county, industries of 169 Lecompton capitol buildings 9, 10 Legislative expenses , 299-301 Libraries, (see counties, industries of) 44-297 Lincoln county, industries of 174 Linn county, industries of 177 Livestock 32,33 Lyon county, industries of 180 m: Manufactories — (See county industries) 44-297 Lists of, 1874, 1875 315 Map of State. (See frontispiece). Maps- Allen county 44 Anderson county 47 Atchison county 51 Barbour county 56 Barton county 59 Bourbon county 62 Index. 347 Maps— Browncouiity 65 Butler county 69 Chautauqua county 73 Chase county 76 Cherokee county 79 Clay county 83 Cloud county 86 Coffey county 91 Cowley county '. .. 95 Crawford county '. 99 Bavlscounty 102 Dickinson county 107 Doniphan county 112 Douglas county 115 Edwards county. 119 Elk county 181 Ellis county 124 Jlllsworth county 127 Ford county 131 Franklin county .^ 133 Greenwood county 138 Harvey county 142 Jackson county 149 Jefferson county 153 Jewell county 157 Johnson county 161 Labette county 164 Leavenworth county 170 Lincoln county 175 Linn county 178 Lyon county 181 Marion county ..- 185 Marshall county 189 McPherson county 194 Miami county 197 Mitchell county 200 Montgomery county 204 Morris county 207 Nemaha county 211 Keosho county 214 Norton county 218 Osage county 220 Osborne county 225 Ottawa county 227 Pawnee county 231 Phillips county 234 Pottawatomie county 237 Beno county 242 Republic county 245 Eice county 248 Piley county 251 Kush county 266 Bussell county 258 Saline county 261 Sedgwick county 264 Shawnee county 267 Smith county 272 Sumner county ■ 275 Wabaunsee county 278 Washington county 282 Wilson county 285 FAQB Maps— Woodson county 288 Wyandotte county. 1 291 Marion county, industries of 184 Marshall county, industries of 188 M cPheraon county, industries of 198 Mennonites 145-148 Miami county. Industries of 196 Millet and Hungarian — Tables of product and value 33 Mitchell county, industries of 200 Montgomery county, industries of 203 Morris county, industries of 207 Mules and asses ; 33 Nativity, (see counties, industries of ) 44-297 Nemaha county, industries of 210 Neosho county, industries of 213 Newspapers ,, 16 List of ; 325,326 (See counties, industries of) 44-297 Normal School, cost of 299-301 Norton county, industries of 217 O Oats, tables of product and valuel 33 Occupations 323,324 Engaged in Manufactures, Mechanical and Mining industries 323, 324 Engaged in Professional and Personal services 323, 324 Engaged in Trade and Transportation,323, 324 Engaged in all classes of occupations,323, 324 Showing sex and nativity, by counties, (see counties. Industries of) 44-297 Officers.....' 2 Osage county, industries of 220 Osborne county, industries of 224 Ottawa county, industries of 227 Parkman, Francis, visit to Kansas 11 Pasture, table of acreage 33 Pawnee, capitol building 8 Pawnee county, industries of 230 Penitentiary, cost of 299-301 Permanent school fund 305, .%6, 313 Phillips county, industries of 233 Population 13, 23, 24 Centre of 319,320 " " on State map (frontispiece). " " on map 322 Of the State, 1860, 1870, 1875 321 By townships and cities (see county in- dustries) 44-297 Incri'iise of 13 Potatoes (Irish), tables of product and value. 33 Potatoes (sweet), tables of product and value. 33 Pottawatomie, industries of 236 Poultry and Eggs (see counties, industries of) 44-297 348 State Board of Agrioultube. Prairie meadow (under fence), tables of product and value 33 Principal streams (see counties, industries of) 44-29T Printing, cost of 299-301 Printing press, first one in Kansas 8 Public lands- How to obtain Government lands. . . . 327-337 Land districts (see State map). -R Railroad connections (see counties, indus-., tries of) 44-257 Kallroad lands, {see map of counties). Kailroads of Kansas, by T. Dwight Thacher 39^2 Atchison and Hannibal & St. Joseph E.H. 39 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. E 40 Atchison & Nebraska R. E 40 Central Branch Union Pacific E. E 40 Competing lines 41 Eastern connections 41 First railroad in the State 39 Kansas Pacific E. E 39 Kansas Central E. E 41 Leavenworth,Lawrence & Galveston E.E. 40 Leavenworth, Atchison tfc Northwestern R. E 40 Manhattan & Northwestern R. E 41 Missouri, Kansas * Texas R. E 41 Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf R. E. . 40 Missouri Pacific R. R 40 Mileage 42 Samuel Hallett 39 St. Louis, Lawrence & Western R. R 41 System of 39 Wyandotte and Leavenworth, termini of the Kansas Pacific R. R 39 Rainfall , 20, 21 Eeno county, industries of 241 Republic county, industries of 244 Rice county, industries of 247 Riley county, industries of 250 Elvers of Kansas 42,43 Roads and Highways 43 Rush county, industries of 255 Russell county, industries of 257 Rye, tables of product and value 33 Saline county, Industries of 260 School fund- Annual 306,313 Annual mill tax 306, 313 Annual interest on unpaid principal. 306, 313 Annual interest on permanent investment 306, 313 Annual diagram of 313 Permanent, from sale of lands 313 " Bstates without heirs 305 PAQB School Fund- Permanent, Insurance license .305 " Investment of 305 " Diagram of 313 Schools 303-308 (See county industries) 44-297 School statistics, tables of 307, 308 Secretary of State, annual appropriations to 299-301 Sedgwick county, industries of 26S Sex (see counties, industries of) 44-397 Shawnee county, industries of 266 Shawnee Mission, capitol building 8 Sheep 82 Sinking fund and State debt 298, 299 Smith county, industries of ...... .:- 271 Sorghum, tables of product and value 33 State Government, cost of 299-301 Sumner, Charles, impressions of Kansa-i 11 Sumner county, industries of 274 Superintendent of public instruction, annual appropriations to 299-301 Swine 32 Taxation 302 Taxable acres 314 Telegraph 43 Timber (see counties, industries