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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 9240264571 70 
 
ARYAN WORD-BUILDING 
 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE O.^HOLBROOKE 
 
 
 
 NEW YORK 
 Ube ftnlcl^et&oclier press 
 
 1910 
 
 I/. 
 
Copyright by 
 
 GEORGE O. HOLBROOKE 
 
 igio 
 
Introduction. 
 
 * 
 Dr. Georg Curtius, when discussing the Sanskrit roots taksh and 
 tokas with their kindred in other languages, observes that we have 
 to deal with a group of ancient forms tak, taksh, tik, tuk, tukh with 
 kindred but varying meanings. These meanings are not attached to 
 the individual forms, but play from one to another in the difEerent 
 speeches. The same phenomenon is observable in many cases, and 
 I have attempted to group Sanskrit roots, extract the primitive idea 
 of each group, with its developments, and study the laws by which 
 sound and thought have crystallized. The same sequences of thought 
 recur in repeated cases. For instance, the many roots expressing 
 speech usually signify to burst out, dash out, flash out, shine. The 
 word was a winged arrow of ejaculation, effort, triumph, passion. 
 
 The original Indo-European vowel sound was an indefinite short 
 a, such as is found in the Sanskrit letter ri, which becomes either 
 r', ri, ra or ar, but the prevailing resultant was d or a, and this was 
 liable to great modification. Thus the Sanskrit pa (to drink) has 
 the forms pivdmi, pibami, pitvd, piye, pitas; and that these forms 
 were primitive is shown by the Latin bibo and the Irish [p]ithim. 
 Ma (to [grasp, encircle], measure) has the forms mami, mime, mitas, 
 and develops mav, mil, mavy (to encircle, bind) ; miv, me, mutas (to 
 move round) ; miv (to be round, fat) ; mi to [whirl], shoot, destroy. The 
 roots pri, parv, [purv], pUr (to fill) develop in pUl (to round out, heap 
 up) ; plav, plu, [parv], part to float, roam, move around ; pal to en- 
 compass, guard ; palay (to [eddy], turn, flee) ; palyul (to [turn, twist, 
 wrench], rub, wash off, lop off). Mri (to [grind, destroy], perish) 
 develops mdrayami (to kill) , mrin (to slay) , mldi (to pine away) ; 
 smri (to revolve in mind, remember) ; marv (to go round, fill); maryd 
 boundary; miras [circling] sea; marus [circling] desert; murv to bind; 
 mur to robe ; mill to swell. These changes were effected in many cases 
 by the influence of liquids (ri, r', ra, ar), but chiefly by the influence 
 of the early and wide-spread root vd (to breathe, blow, [efEect, exist]) , 
 which could be added to any other root. Thus, in the group taksh, 
 
IV 
 
 tokas which formed the text of Curtius, we find the forms taksh, 
 tvaksh, tvak, tvish, tush (pp 302, 303) . Another case is trl, tar, tvar, tur, 
 [tarv], tarb, p. 334. The roots bhan^, bhai, bhu^ bhiksh (pp. 46, 47) 
 are intertwined in the same way, and we cannot be surprised to tin 
 Lat. nubes as the representative of Sanskrit nabhas, or Greek vu? by the 
 side of naktam. The v is especially liable to metathesis and spnngs 
 up in some languages where not found in others {llveo, R. hven p. 
 118; (i(9q)o<; p. 284; R. davat p. 285. 
 
 Another most influential root was ya (to go), becoming l, t, and 
 constantly changing a roots to ay and 1. It is the source of the causa- 
 tive forms in the Sanskrit and the cognate languages. An instance of 
 its effect is found in the group vadh, vyadh, vidh, vedh (p 272). Sad 
 (to go, rush, attack, find) becomes syand (to run, flow), Sindhus the 
 Indus; and its cognate form 5od (to [plunge into lair, throw one's self 
 down], sit; cf. jacio, jaceo) has the present form siddmi, while the 
 Greek retains \X,o^m by the side of ll,(i^ai. 
 
 Ri (to spring up, stir, rise, act, shoot, attack, meet, adapt, fasten) 
 produces the terminations of active agency (mdtri, li-r^TiQp, mater; Greek 
 terminations -r)p, -tkip; Latin -or, -tor); it develops its parts rinomi, 
 ardmi, dram and the forms aras, aram, arv, urv, ardtis, drtavas, arthas, 
 al, alam by the side of ritas, ritus (pp. 113-119). Prefixing yd it 
 becomes its intensive iyarmi contracting to Ir (to hurl, whirl, speed, 
 utter); il to go, hurl, lie down (cf. jaceo); and of terminations in r 
 and I; (the liquids r and / interchange in Sanskrit with perfect free- 
 dom) . Prefixing vd, ri becomes the branching root vri (189-196) , and 
 develops svri to hurl, svri to utter, by the side of sri, sru (to advance, 
 speed, flow; pp. 153-154, 164). A list of roots with the initial r 
 and their development by a prefixed v is given on p. 122. Pa (to 
 [grasp, hold safe], protect) and its correlative dp, with desiderative 
 form ips (to grasp, touch), furnish the Sanskrit causal forms, and pass 
 into the other languages. Thus da (to divide) through its causal 
 ddpaydmi produces SdxTW (to rend, tear, devour); daps (a sacrificial 
 feast of flesh) ; while ddpaydmi the causative of da (to give) appears in 
 Saicavdtu (to lavish, expend) . The termination p, thus formed, is most 
 variable, being probably influenced by terminations produced by 
 hardened v. Thus in the development of ri (to start, rise, move) 
 we have the causative arpaydmi (to send, deliver, attack, hurl), 
 resulting in arpanas (offering, delivery) ; arb, raph, ramph (to go, shoot, 
 slay) ; ramb (to go) ; ram (to [roam, hunt], attain, enjoy) ; rambh (to 
 [flash out, utter], sound) ; rap, lap (to utter, praise) ; ribhus (whirling 
 spirit, nature force) ; rabh, labh (to [pounce], grasp, begin, effect, con- 
 ceive) . 
 
The primitive roots ans, ang, aksh to roll, heap, whirl, scatter, 
 glance, twist off, divide prey (wrenching preceded flint-knife in many 
 roots); anh, ank, ang, an^, angh, a|, to speed, go; [anh to coil, press]; 
 ah to speak eagerly (pp. 1-9) produce the guttural terminations. 
 The termination anh turns into ans, anc and may become an, as, a( 
 ak, ani, aksh, ash; here the Zend preserves -anh when Sanskrit has 
 -anh, -an, -as (pp. 265, 266). 
 
 The roots given by Sanskrit grammarians, even when not found in 
 literature, deserve the same attention which is given to the Greek 
 forms preserved by Hesychius. The grammarians were familiar 
 with writings and dialects which have been lost. In some cases they 
 may have invented a link in the development of a chain of roots, as 
 I have employed hypothetical roots in brackets. 
 
 S was a favorite prefix not only of the liquid but of the mute con- \ 
 sonants, binding them in groups which may be dissolved by the loss ' 
 of the prefix;. They are best studied by the root stha (to stand, be 
 firm, exist), which is developed on pp. 278-283; (observe the Greek 
 derivatives pp. 311, 312). Losing the sibilant, sthd becomes [thd], 
 which the Sanskrit replaces, according to its regular rule, by dhd 
 (to set, place, put, make firm, do). Dha hardens into da (to bestow, 
 give), the roots dhd and dd melting into each other in a remarkable 
 way in the Teutonic languages (p. 285). Again, sthd drops its aspira- 
 tion, giving stanas ([firm, tense] breast) ; stan (to [heave breast, burst 
 forth], groan, thunder) ; tan (to make tense, stretch) ; tanus (tense, thin) 
 by the side of sthdnus firm, immovable. Sthuna (stump, trunk, pillar) 
 produces tun (to curve, round, fill); tiinas (quiver). Sthaviras firm, 
 strong, sthuras (strong, large, firm, bull) develop a^aupd? [firm-set] 
 stake, cross and Taupo? bull; Goth, stiuryan (to establish firmly); 
 stiur bull, steer; Old Norse thorr (ox); see also stabh, p. 311; strih, p. 
 329; trinam, p. 331. 
 
 In the same way we see on pp. 35, 48, 44, 45 how pd, pdye (to 
 [grasp], guard, [compress]) develops through pydi, pydy and sphdy 
 (to round out, [swell against pressure, burst with fatness, flash out]), 
 sphitas (swollen), sphut (to burst out, crack, open), into [phi], bhi, 
 hhdyay (to quiver [with tension]) ; bhd, bhas (to [quiver, burst forth], 
 flash, shine). This connection of p and ph through sph explains the 
 Zend/rl corresponding to the Sanskrit pri (p. 66) ; fra corresponding to 
 Sanskrit pra- (p. 68), Pp. 46-53 develop these roots with guttural and 
 dental terminations. Those with dental endings are given on pp. 48- 
 53, showing how an original form [sphand] develops in spand, sphund, 
 sphunt sphut, [phunt, bhunt], pust, bust, bud, bhant, bhand, bhadras. 
 Sanskrit uses bh for ph as it does dh for th, though not so universally. 
 
VI 
 
 The termination nth very frequently becomes 5/. Studying the root in 
 Greek, we find aifevSdvi) by the side of airivSw, aicsuSw, axa5<i)V and 
 oxdeY), while the last loses its sibilant in ica-caaaw. In Latin we have 
 [sYunda, fundo, -fendo by the side of spendo, [s]pulvis, pendo, pendeo. 
 Gothic spedists carries the initial p over with its sibilant. On the other 
 hand, sphund, budhnas (pp. 49, 5°) become icuGiai^v, TcuvOivoii-at, piBuvo?. 
 xlveos, izoQoq, fundus, fans, while Old Saxon has bodont corresponding 
 to fundus; but the initial p is regularly developed in Anglo-Saxon 
 fynde, gefondian; Old Norse fodha. The Anglo-Saxon initial p has 
 always been carried over by a sp form whose sibilant has been lost, 
 as there was no b in the original Indo-European. See Anglo-Saxon 
 pyndan, p-Clnd, p. 51; English put, pat, pet, p. 54. The process is 
 developed on p. 41, by Old Norse spengya, spenya, peningr, Anglo- 
 Saxon penig, German packen ; and by the forms funk, spunk, punk, p . 42 • 
 In the same way an initial k may be carried over by a lost s, as in 
 O. N. kortr, A. S. scort short, corresponding to Latin curtus, scortum, 
 Sanskrit krit, pp. 161, 162. Sanskrit b is either a hardened bh or a 
 hardened v. The latter case is very frequent, and the hardened v 
 as b is carried over without change to the Teutonic forms ; see Gothic 
 bauths, Anglo-Saxon baedan, beadu, bedtan, p. 273; Old Norse bedha, 
 beidha, bidhya, p. 275. 
 
 The Sanskrit f was equivalent to the soft German ch, the Greek 
 X, and the Russian kh. The ripple of breath over the roof of the mouth 
 produces in succession h, g, sh, s. f interchanges freely with the other 
 three sibilants ; cf . the words mugalas, mushalas, musalas (pestle) ; galas, 
 gala, sdlas, p. 159, which become in Teutonic sk&li, holl, sal. At 
 the same time g readily hardens into k, as in guk, kuk; gin£, kinkini; 
 gat, katth; gnath, knath; gri, kri; grath, krath. In Zend it may take the 
 place of 5; Zd. gtavra, gtHna, gtare representing Sanskrit sthaviras, 
 sihuna stri; and this sequence explains the use of h for 5 in Zend, 
 Greek, and Welsh. Zend also replaces f by 5 (Sk. svar heaven, Zd. 
 hvare sun, [garetha], qaretha glory), and by kh (gruvas, kruras, Zd. 
 khr-dra, p. 165). Russian represents g and its derivative k by s, while 
 Russian kh stands for either g or 5. In some cases an initial g becomes 
 either & or 5 in other languages; thus the root subh, sumbh, gubh, gumbh 
 (fair, bright, beautiful; p. 228) becomes in Greek as.\).y6<; and x.o(<.l(i); in 
 Latin semones and comis; in Irish sdim and c6em. The same develop- 
 ment is found on pp. 153, 157 in the sequence sur, gur, Greek Seipio? 
 itupto?; on pp. 174-175 in the sequence sri, gri, kri, gridh, hrid, hra- 
 dini. hradas, hlad, grath, granth, grath, granth. Hrid (heart; p. 175) 
 exhibits the possibilities of the sounds. Sanskrit hrid; grad-dha (setting 
 heart, believing) ; Zd. [haredh, gharedh], zaredhaya; Armenian [girt], sirt • 
 
— Vll — 
 
 Greek xapSfa; Latin cord[is], credo; Gothic hairto; Lith. shirdis; Lettish 
 sirds; Old Russian sruditze; Irish cride. Sanskrit (v passes through 
 [fb] to Iranian sp; thus (van dog becomes Median spaka, Russian 
 sobaka {-ka diminutive) ; Sanskrit apvas horse is Zd. ofpd, Persian asp. 
 
 Sanskrit h passes into gh, g and ^, as in han (desiderative form 
 ^ighdns) and its kindred verb ^a^, ^ang; see p. 241, with sequence hu, 
 hve, hdvas, kham, ghu, ghush, khu, kshu, ku, kun^, gu, gun^. Akin is p. 
 237 with hnu, kshnu, ghin, ghun, gnath, knath. 
 
 The Greek may add or prefix, a to x and x, and prefixes it to x, 
 producing the initial forms ox, §, ox, ([', 'J'^' Initial i]> is almost 
 invariably developed from %; see pp. 17, 37, 41, 56, 61. Initial % 
 adds T, producing xTafpu, xtlpva corresponding to spiro, sperno; 
 xtdXeiJio; corresponding to (J^dtXXw, xiXXu, pello. Initial v. also adds t; 
 see pp. 235-237, where fl (to lie down) , kdyas (house), ksM (to dwell, 
 possess) become %el^ai, xii'l^w, xTt'ot?, xT(46(i,at, xTi)(Jia; and ki (to 
 collect stones, heap, count) becomes xfwv, xtiXw. Kt£I^o) loses its x; 
 becoming tiu, tivu, Tfots; in the same way [kas], kim, -kis, Latin 
 quis become the Greek [xTt?], tf?. 
 
 The ti or digamma of early Greek was lost except in dialectical use ; 
 in the hiatus of Homeric words (IsXBwp, IXsew) ; in a rough breathing; 
 and in the Laconian and ^olic initial ^ and y. The combination sv is 
 represented by 09 in oipet?, ocpfYyo), docpu? and other words. Sanskrit 
 y becomes i or X,. Latin loses initial v in idus, inanis, idoneus. ]\%\{ «\. 
 
 Both Greek and Latin form b from hardened v and so do the Celtic 
 languages. In Slavonic this occurs less frequently. The Teutonic has 
 many such forms inherited from a former period (pp. 271-275). 
 
 The rough breathing in Greek usually represented a lost or 
 digamma, but its usage became confused; it is lost in many cases, 
 while in others it has been erroneously inserted, as in (5:(i.apT«v(i), p. 95. 
 
 Sanskrit employs I for d in certain cases {vadabhis, valabhis, p. 276), 
 and this peculiarity reappears in Greek and Latin, where we have 
 Xdoio?, Xiyvij?, lacruma, levir representing an initial d. 
 
 Both Greek and Latin occasionally lose initial p before I, after the 
 Celtic fashion. Instances are X!av, XiQvd?, X'^po?, Xaijpot, XfOo?, 
 XexdvY), Xa^, Xa^eiiw, lautus, larix, later, lutum, lanx, lien, renes, -^e. 
 
 Greek euphony prefixed a vowel before sibilant combinations 
 (doT^Qp, (iofiipa-cos, oa<ppatvO(ji,ai) and before the strongly rolled initial 
 p (lps(pti), (Spoipii]) ; initial p, on this account, bears a rough breathing. 
 Initial X also prefixes vowel (deXwxv)^, dXaxdJ^w, IXa^iJ?). 
 
 H frequently becomes / and g in Latin, and as initial it is used 
 with the same irregularityas in Greek; thus it is lost in ar undo, arista, er, 
 area, arena; wrongly added in honor. Primitive x becomes 5 in astutus 
 
VIU 
 
 and asper. Latin shortens a long vowel to differentiate meanings, 
 as in deer, acer. This habit of differentiation in similar words is 
 found in all languages. Latin and Celtic develop u from a before 
 liquids; almus, ulmus (p. 117); [anya-quam], unquam; [alna], ulna; 
 It. ule; ulind (p. 115). Russian avoids initial a. 
 
 Latin and Celtic confuse the sounds k and g; the same letter C 
 represented both in the primitive Roman alphabet, the diacritical 
 dash of G being a later addition. In Welsh cenethl corresponds to 
 YevlGXt] (p. 240). 
 
 The Old Norse omits v in many instances. With Anglo-Saxon and 
 German it sometimes develops g from v and y (pigge, p- 351 Anglo- 
 Saxon gist, p. 107, gehan p. 109), and often prefixes [y], i to vowels. 
 With Anglo-Saxon and Latin it constantly changes 5 to r. In San- 
 skrit we observe dus=dur; in Greek mish becomes iiuad?, [jLucapd?, 
 [(jLtaapd?], tii.tap(5s; Lat. miser, moereo, moestus. Old Norse and Gothic 
 have been afEected in some cases by their contact with Slavonic 
 languages. 
 
 Russian often prefixes y to an initial vowel. The same phenomenon 
 appears in Scandinavian and is perhaps due to the Finnish influence 
 which makes Scandinavian smoother in pronunciation than German. 
 
 The Gothic alphabet was derived from the Greek; therefore Gothic 
 agga = anga; Goth, siggqan or sigqan—sinkan. 
 
 Irish almost invariably loses the letter p, both as initial and medial. 
 The same phenomenon appears less frequently in the Welsh, Cornish, 
 and Breton, which are widely differentiated from the Gaelic by the use 
 of p for k and h for 5 as the Latin is from Greek and the Sanskrit, 
 from Zend, forming three couples with the same peculiar variations. 
 The development of h from 5 was commencing in Gallic at the time 
 of the Roman conquest. At that time v was a regular Celtic letter, 
 though it appeared as / in certain cases (pp 261, 271). In Irish v 
 regularly becomes/; in Welsh, Cornish, and Breton it becomes gu and 
 g, but the Breton retains /in some instances. Sv becomes Welsh chw. 
 
 Irish often hardens mr to hr (see pp. 101-102). Celtic was 
 differentiated at an early time, not only through the division of its 
 two chief branches, which must have made Irish unintelUgible to a 
 Gaul in the Roman period, but by the diverging dialects of the Gallic 
 tongue, which spread from Hungary and Dalmatia to Gibraltar, and 
 by the influence of Iberian and Thracian languages. It was early in 
 Italy, closely akin to the Italian speeches, and is the best key to their 
 geographical and personal names. 
 
 The interlacing of the original root-groups often brings a definite 
 root in a single language under more than one head. In some cases 
 
IX — 
 
 doubtful roots are suggested under difEerent headings; they can be 
 compared by means of the index. Occasionally two roots melt in a 
 particular word, especially in words having a distant relationship. 
 In other cases two derivations seem plausible. A few omitted words 
 are referred by the index to their evident roots. 
 
 The general system of transliteration has been transferred to 
 Slavonic words for the sake of cgnvenience. Kh = ch of Curtius; tz = 
 his c; k = c; sh=s; zh = z; [v]i = y; the last letter was originally vi, and 
 passed into u and y. It is represented by y in terminations. In 
 Lithuanian sh = sz. Zend is transliterated like Sanskrit. Y is used 
 for / in the Teutonic languages. 
 
REGULAR CORRESPONDENCE OF SOUNDS 
 
 Indo- 
 European 
 
 Sanskrit 
 
 Zend 
 
 Greek 
 
 Italic 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a (e o) 
 
 . a £ 
 
 a e o 
 
 i u 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 k 
 
 a T] w 
 
 ae 5 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 e 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 ti 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 ai 
 
 e 
 
 afe 
 
 at ei ot 
 
 ai e 01 
 ae oe i u 
 
 ai 
 
 ai 
 
 ki 
 
 ? 71 V 
 
 
 au 
 
 o 
 
 ao 4.M 
 
 au £U ou 
 
 au o 
 u 
 
 k 
 
 k k 
 
 k k 
 
 x 
 
 c q 
 
 9 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 X cr 
 
 c q s 
 
 g 
 
 g k 
 
 g gh g zh z 
 
 Y 
 
 g 
 
 gh 
 
 gh h 
 
 g gh g zh z 
 
 X T 
 
 initial h medial g 
 
 t 
 
 t th 
 
 t th 
 
 T 
 
 t 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d dh 
 
 8 
 
 d 
 
 dh 
 
 dh 
 
 d dh 
 
 6 
 
 Osc, Umbr. f 
 initial f medial d b 
 
 P 
 
 P ph 
 
 P f 
 
 X 
 
 P 
 
 
 b 
 
 b 
 
 P 
 
 b 
 
 bh 
 
 bh 
 
 b (w) 
 
 ? 
 
 Osc., Umbr. f 
 initial f medial b 
 
 n 
 
 n n 
 
 n n 
 
 Y before 
 gutturals 
 
 n 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 I* 
 
 m 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 P 
 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 X 
 
 1 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 rough 
 breathing 1^ 
 
 y 
 
 s 
 
 s sh 
 
 s s sh h 
 
 (T rough 
 breathing 
 
 s (r) 
 
 V 
 
 1 
 
 v(b) 
 
 V 
 
 f (P. T) 
 
 V 
 
XI 
 
 IN THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 
 
 Gothic 
 
 Old High 
 German 
 
 Old Russian 
 Russian 
 
 Lithuanian 
 
 Old Irish 
 
 a i u 
 ai au 
 
 a i u 
 e 
 
 a e 
 
 a e i u 
 
 a e i u 
 
 S 6 
 
 k (6) uo 
 
 a ei 
 
 a e 
 
 A 1 6 
 
 i ai 
 
 i e 
 
 i I 
 
 i 
 
 i (e) 
 
 ei 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 y 
 
 
 u au 
 
 U 
 
 u y ii 
 
 u 
 
 U (0) 
 
 u 
 
 A 
 
 u y 
 
 u 
 
 
 ai 
 
 ei 
 
 ei oy 
 
 e ei 
 
 <5i di 6 
 6e de fa 
 
 
 
 ay 
 
 ai 
 
 
 au iu 
 
 ou 6 iu io 
 
 u ov 
 
 oa 
 
 au lia 6 
 
 h (g) hv 
 
 h (g) hw 
 
 k K ts 
 
 k 
 
 c ch (g) 
 
 h (g) 
 
 h (g) 
 
 s kh 
 
 sh 
 
 c ch (g) 
 
 k 
 
 k ch h 
 
 g zh z 
 
 g zh 
 
 g 
 
 g 
 
 gk 
 
 g zh z 
 
 g zh 
 
 g 
 
 th (d) 
 
 d 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 t th (d) 
 
 t 
 
 z sh 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 t 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 f 
 
 f V (b) 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 b 
 
 b p 
 
 b 
 
 b 
 
 b 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 m (v) 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 
 s (z) (r) 
 
 s (r) 
 
 s sh kh 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 v(b) 
 
 w 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 initial f b after cons. 
 W. Bret, gw 
 
xu 
 
 TABLE OF SANSKRIT ALPHABET. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^a 
 
 ^e 
 
 ^k 
 
 ^ k 
 
 Zi 
 
 W t 
 
 XTP 
 
 ^ a 
 
 ^ ai 
 
 Wkh 
 
 'Skh 
 
 Z th 
 
 ^ th 
 
 tRpli 
 
 ^i 
 
 ^o 
 
 Tg 
 
 ^g 
 
 5d 
 
 ^d 
 
 ^b 
 
 tl 
 
 ^au 
 
 TIgh 
 
 ^ gh 
 
 5dh 
 
 Vdh 
 
 ^bh 
 
 ^ u 
 
 
 ^ n 
 
 »I n 
 
 ^ n 
 
 ^ n 
 
 T? m 
 
 ^ a 
 
 
 
 ^y 
 
 T^ 8h 
 
 ff 8 
 
 ^ V 
 
 ^ ri 
 
 
 
 ^9 
 
 
 
 
 ^?i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 hi 
 
 The anusvara h is equivalent to the French nasal n or m and 
 may become m in other languages ; thus Sk. ahsas (shoulder) becomes 
 Umbrian onse; Latin [umesus], umerus; German Amsel. 
 
 The letters ri, rl are equivalent tor' ri;kh is sounded as in ink-horn ; 
 gh as in staghound ; U is the English ch in watch ; ^/j as in watch-house ; 
 I is English ;' ; 0i as in carriage-house ; the guttural n's have the sound of 
 M in wink, wing, winch, hinge, and may always be inferred when n is 
 followed by a guttural; the Unguals t, th, d, dh, n are sounded as in 
 mat, ant-hill, card, card-house, name ; the dentals t, th, d, dh, n are 
 sounded with the tip of the tongue on the edge of the teeth; ph as in 
 loop-hole ; bh as in cob-house ; f is the German ch in ich, like the Greek x- 
 
 The same transcription is employed for the Slavonic languages, 
 except that kh is equivalent to the German ch; zh is the z in azure. 
 Y has been used to represent its own soimd in the Teutonic languages, 
 but the familiar form j has been retained in Latin. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Sk. Sanskrit Zd. Zend Gk. Greek 
 
 Goth. Gothic A. S. Anglo-Saxon O. N. Old Norse 
 
 O. R. Old Russian Lith. Lithuanian Lett. Lettish 
 
 Boh. Bohemian Ir. Irish W. Welsh 
 O. C. Old Celtic 
 
 Irish is the Old and Middle Irish. 
 
 Lat. Latin 
 
 O. H. G. Old High German 
 O. P. Old Prussian 
 Bret. Breton 
 
Aryan Word-Building. 
 
 Words in brackets represent hypothetical lost roots, inferred from 
 the chain of development, or hypothetical lost meanings, inferred in 
 the same way. The Aryan languages repeat the same sequences of 
 thoughts in widely distant roots with almost the same regularity as in 
 the sequences of sound. 
 
 Parentheses contain explanatory matter. 
 
 Sk. awf, ans to [roll, roll together], heap, [twist off], divide, [whirl], 
 swindle; aksh to roll up, heap up, fill, [whirl], scatter; ag, ak, anH to 
 curve, go crooked ; agh to [twist], sin ; anhas pain; agha sin ; angas, ansas 
 [revolution, pivot], shoulder; angolas, ansalas strong; angus spoke of 
 wheel, ray of light; [form ans], as to whirl, flash out, [pounce], seize, 
 [pant], exist; asi [whirling, flashing] sword (Lat. ensis); akshas axle; 
 angumant sun; ahan, ahas day; aksham, akshan, akshi eye (rolling, 
 bright); angas portion (rolled together, divided); angam limb, body; 
 anka hip, flank (rolled, pressed) ; an^ to anoint (squeeze limb with fat) ; 
 ank to oil, paint, mark; an^ to glitter, flash; agnis fire; angdras coal; 
 ank to [flash words], speak clearly; ah to cry out, speak; ah oh!; aham I 
 [who speak]; an^ to [flash toward], go eagerly, desire, worship; angh to 
 begin, hasten, [outrun], scorn; an^asa quickly; anh, anH, ang, an^, a| 
 to go; anhri, anghri foot; anMh to be long, (journey); a£ to go, hunt, 
 hurl; aganis dart, thunderbolt; agus swiftly, [keenly]; ag to heap up, 
 fill [belly]; [to be eager, keen]; to attain; to eat; ang to roll, twist; 
 anhus grip, pressure; ahis snake. By prefixing the root yd to go, 
 as an intensive, these roots become ikh inkh, Inkh to go; i|, In^ to 
 speed, outrun, scorn; ing to revolve, whirl, quiver; mh to long for, 
 desire; iksh to glance, see. 
 
 Sk. angas, ansas, ansam [revolving] shoulder; angus spoke; akshas 
 axle; aksham, akshan, akshi [rolling] eye; iksh to glance; (cf. spag); 
 ash, as to flash; ashis eye; asthi, asthan bone [turning on joints], (cf. 
 
 l' 
 
— 2 — 
 
 Sk. Vag sharp, Lat. [axtutia], astuiia, R. 05«n> sharp) ; as [fotmans] 
 
 to hurl, speed, flash; dsa, astra bow. Zd. aMs/t to see; ash to shine, 
 
 Of ^i. Of to bone. Gk. (I)(Jioe shoulder [forms ansas, amsas, omsos] ; a>iXo? 
 
 shoulder; dy'^^v elbow-joint ; de^ivt) [whirling] axe (ci. parafus) ; erxo? 
 spear (of. a^us); S^«v axle; Six-a?a [double-axle], wagonj^^f^sov bone, 
 Sa-:psov oyster; 'oGzaM^, Sffxaxo? crab; S^-cpu? [bone-woodj^kom-beam, 
 daTp£i;(o to cast dice; Sa-rpt?, Sffxpixo?, SarpaTaXo? die, vertebra ankle- 
 bone. Umbrian onse = m umero; Lat. [umesus], umerus shoulder; 
 
 05 {ossis) bone; [ansus,' ansinus, axinus], asinus [strong-shouldered, 
 enduring] ass; ag-dso ass-driver; ancilla maidservant (strong-armed; 
 of. Macht, Magd); Anxur shoulder, ridge, promontory; asser prop, 
 lever, pole; ansa handle; ensis (Sk. asi), [whirling] sword; [astal hasta 
 spear ; axis axle ; axilla, dla arm-socket, arm-pit, wing ; aiea[whirlmg] die. 
 
 Goth, amsa shoulder; ans joint, beam; asts branch; azeti [whirling, 
 
 ready], ease; O. H. G. amisala, Ger. Amsel, A. S. osU ousel, black- 
 bird (strong- wing) ; Goth, asilus ass; O. H. G. ahsala shoulder; A. S. 
 ancleov ankle; dic lance; o^^axle; O. N. os&r ash-tree (lancewood) ; askr 
 tub (rounded, trimmed); cLss axle, oar, beam; Ger. Ast bough; O. N. 
 axla to take on the shoulder; aska (Goth, azgo) ashes (whirling 
 
 cf. cinis, xivew) ; As god of light (anfus). Lith. ashis axle; eishmas 
 
 spear; O. R. osi axle; osilu ass. Ir. ocha, ochsal arm-pit; asclang 
 
 shoulder-load; asse [whirling], quick, easy; ais readiness, free will; ais 
 iis [shoulder], back-bone, back; asna rib; W., Corn, asen bone, rib, 
 rafter; W., Cor., Bret, ascorn, eskornhone; Bret, esked phantom (whirl- 
 ing) ; askleden pole; izili limbs, bones; askel wing; dhel axle, rivet; 
 osk, uesk joint, knot of stalk; Ir. enech, W. enep face {voltus, Antlitz; 
 turning to speaker); Ir. enech [presence], "your honor," honor (cf. 
 aiged); Bret. Snep. opposite, adversary; O.C. Carc-asso rock-ridge 
 (Ir. carric +ais). 
 
 Sk. an( [anh] to roll together, [twist apart], divide; of iksh to roll 
 up, heap up, fill, occupy; angas, ansas, portion, share, booty; anguka 
 
 wrapping, band, tunic ; ankala border. Persian d/avT) corn-measure, 
 
 bushel. Gk. S^to? of equal weight, value; valuable, worthy; dx^u? 
 
 enveloping darkness; 'A^^-Xwo? [flooding, rushing] stream. Lat. 
 
 [angvas,agvas], aegwM^ equal, just, fair, kind; 05 (a^^w) money of account; 
 aestimo to value; [agman, d^sxav], ex-dmen, agina tongue of balance; 
 [ag-curvus], acervus rounded heap; ocreae leg-bands, leggings; Aequi 
 mountaineers; Aquinum, Aequana; Equus Tuticus (mountain-town). 
 
 A. S. dhtan to value, estimate ; aeht possession ; ehtian, Goth, aistan 
 
 to esteem, honor; Aestii. Ir. ochrad leggings; 6sca [waxing] moon; 
 
 assil share, portion; Bret, esked tumor. 
 
— 3 — 
 
 Sk. ang, aksh to heap, accumulate, fill; ashtdu, ashtan [heap, 
 
 number], eight; ashtamas eighth. Zd. astan; astema. Gk. dx-cd); 
 
 8y8oo?. Lat. octo, octavus. Goth, ahtau, A. S. eahta. Lith. 
 
 ashtuni, O. R. osmi. Ir. ocht, W. [ocith, oith], wyih; Bret, eiz, eih, 
 
 O. C. Octo;f,annae (eight fair ones; nymphs) ; Octo-gesa, Octonius. 
 
 Sk. an(, aksh to heap; ag to heap, fill, [stufE]; angas, ansas portion 
 [of food]; [af] to be keen, eager; ag {agnami) to eat, enjoy; dgas eating, 
 
 food; dgd, dgis hope, desire, prayer; dgi fang; dkhu rat. Gk. moaz-q 
 
 barley, food ; axuXo? acorn (mast) ; axoXo? morsel ; Axpf? locust (devourer) ; 
 Sxjifjvo? hungry; dxti^ com, meal; dxloiJiai to relieve thirst, appease, 
 calm, cure; &v.ctk6q, calm; dxiQ healing, calm, silence; ^xa calmly, gently. 
 
 Lat. acinus berry (cf . bacca, bhaksh) ; esca bait ; esculentus; aesculus 
 
 oak (mast-bearer). A. S. dhsyan to seek, desire; dgg, O. H. G. 
 
 agi, ei egg (g for 5 as in edge) ; O. N. egg egg; egna to fish with bait; 
 
 ogw, {dgn) bait. R. yaHmen'ba.rley, ya^M manger; yaitzo egg. Ir. 
 
 acras, accorus, ocras hunger. 
 
 Sk. angas revolving shoulder; angus spoke of wheel, ray of sun; 
 angumant sun ; ahan, ahas day ; [anksh], dshtram vault of heaven, atmo- 
 sphere. Zd. anhu [round] world, [glorious] lord. Gk. [angti, agtin], 
 
 ii^Tiq (-tvos) spoke; ray; dxTTj [heaped, curving] shore; 'AxTa-i'wv pole- 
 circler (twv) ; ava^ lord, Apollo ; &-(av[a\i]a'Kti<ii to be very masterful, 
 indignant; [angu, ahu + sYXt)] 'A^iXXsu?, flash from storm-cloud 
 (son of sea, hidden among cloud-nymphs, revealed by grasping 
 thunderbolt, lord of ocean-shield) ; d^Xii? [thunder-cloud], enveloping 
 
 darkness, death (melts with ahis darkness-serpent). Lat. Ancus; 
 
 aquila (q = X = P cf. tpox6q torques), circling eagle; aquilo north-wind; 
 
 aquilus dark, flashing. A. S. [anh, ah], eg, eg-stredm, ocean; 
 
 ed[g]let life on ocean; edland island; Aegil sun-archer; O. N. ey island. 
 Bret, anhoi, ahoS nooning, siesta. 
 
 Sk. angam rounded limb, body; ankas hip, flank; an^ to anoint 
 
 (squeeze down with fat). Gk. kyyo? round vessel, pail, basket; 
 
 ayYOUptov melon (pari water); oyxos rounded mass; dyoaTo? hollow of 
 
 hand; lyvua thigh (intensive). Lat. unguo to anoint (melts with unh 
 
 to twist, wring); inguen. Goth, agga neck; O. H. G. ancha back 
 
 of head. Ir. aige limb, joint. 
 
 Sk. anh to go round ; (prefixing v, unh to twist, vex) ; ag, ak to bend, 
 curve, go crooked ; agha, anhas pain, sin ; agh to sin ; ahis snake ; anhus, 
 anhatis grip, pressure; angdras coal (smoldering, choking, cf. R.); 
 aghas tormenting, evil; dgas anger, sin; an^alis, clasped hands; anguris 
 
— 4 — 
 
 angulis finger (fanger) ; anhri, anghri foot (pressing earth) ; agru, (Zd. 
 
 aghru) [smoldering, eager], unmarried. Zd. aghana pressure, noose; 
 
 dzanh distress, trouble, sin; Ahriman evil spirit. Gk. ayxu to press, 
 
 choke; Syx' sTT"? [pressed] close, near; (Saaov [ans, aksh] nearer; 
 &X9i unto; &-(xiaXoz (SX?) sea-girt; redup. [c^tt'^T'^io] ^^^y^^^i necessity; 
 Sxo? grief; Ix^o? hate; &y<xpi%6v (angdras) tinder-fungus; d/,vlo) to 
 shrink, recoil, dislike; 6yv.iioiJ.M to [choke out], bray; &%Qo<; burden; 
 &Xriv needy; ayo? crime, curse; [anh to choke, pinch, narrow] melts 
 with unh, vii, vik, vish to twist, wrench away, squeeze, forming the 
 diminutive termination -taxo?, and terminations -ty?, -uy? express- 
 ing shrillness in Xdpuv?, <t>apuy?, 't'uy?, fuy^; (ivivty?; Xui;o), Xuy?, Xfyyu. 
 
 Lat. CMgo to choke; angor distress, anguish; angina stricture; 
 
 angustus narrow; egeo to need; prod-igus spendthrift (poverty ahead) ; 
 ex-igo to squeeze out, exact; incus anvil (crushing place; ya intens.) ; 
 aeger hard-pressed, sick; aegre [a squeeze], with difficulty; ingens 
 [crushing, terrible], gigantic, weighty; ungulus [gripping] claw ; ungula 
 hoof {anghri) ; term. -ago,-ngo-igo = crushing, forcible ; lumbago, virago, 
 
 vertigo, imago. Goth, ga-aggvyan to press, narrow; aggvus narrow; 
 
 af-agyan to choke; agis terror; ogyan to terrify; aglitha trouble; 
 A. S. ange vexation; egesa horror; egla, hateful, ugly; egl claw; Goth. 
 auhns, Swed. ugn oven {angdras; unh) ; Goth, aigan to [grip], possess; 
 O. N. eiginn one's own; ekki sorrow; eingi [lack], none; ekkya widow; 
 oegya yggya to dread ; jokull monster, giant, mountain {ingens) ; A. S. 
 ing, Ger. Anger [narrow] beach, river-meadow (dyx^aXo?) ; O. G. Angri- 
 
 varii, Ingaevones shore-dwellers. O. R. anza bond; anzuku narrow; 
 
 Lith. ankshtas narrow; R. (cf. unh) ugarat to be choked; uzkiy narrow; 
 
 ugar stove-fume; Lith. ugrus stove; anglis coals. Ir. angim to 
 
 [embrace], protect; cum-ung narrow; eng footstep, track; ong tribula- 
 tion; ochte -waxA, distress (Z? 452); uacht [pinching] cold; ac, oc near, 
 close; ocus and; dgur to fear; ing danger; ing scarcely; ingor misery; 
 Seen necessity; ec death; Seal terrified; Bret, enk narrow, oppressive; 
 ankin anguish, grief; ankeu (Com. ancou) death, ghost, monster, 
 werewolf; O. C. Octo-durus, gate of the narrows; Anc-[c]aletes direfully 
 hard; Tncu-lisma strong fort. 
 
 Sk. ak, ag, to go crooked ; ak {anMmi) to bend ; ankas hook, fold, 
 
 bosom. Zd. oka clamp. Gk. dyxiiv elbow; dyxuXo? bent; Syxiffrpov 
 
 hook ; ayxos curve, hollow, dell ; Syxupa anchor. Lat. uncus hook {unh 
 
 to twist) ; uncus, ungulus claw; angulus angle. O. H. G. angul, A.S. 
 
 angel fish-hook; Angli fishermen (cf. Chauci, Hdkingas, Hutchings, 
 
 hookers). R. ugol comer, angle. Ir. oecath, 6cad hook; inga 
 
 claw. 
 
— 5 — 
 
 Sk. ahis snake (coiling, choking). Zd. azhi, snake. Gk. ?xis 
 
 snake; ixihv<x (snake-like, sISos), monster, adder; 'E^-fuv (snake-going, 
 stealthy); l/e-jcsujci^? bitter as venom; e/ivos (hideous coil; afvo?) 
 hedge-hog, sea-urchin, husk, jug, gizzard, vertebra; ifxsXu? eel; (slimy; 
 
 cf. xi\ui). Lat. unguis snake; anguilla eel. O. H. G. unc, O. N. 
 
 oglir adder; O.H. G. d[g]l eel; igil hedge-hog. Lith. angis snake; 
 
 ungurys eel ; ezhys, O. R. yezhi hedge-hog ; R. ezh hedge-hog ; sea-urcl- In ; 
 igla quill, needle; ugor eel; 0. R. angorishti eel. 
 
 Sk. anhus pressure; anhri, angri, earth-presser, foot; ankura [push- 
 ing] sprout, point, spear; ankuga goad; ank to stamp, mark; angh to 
 press forward, begin, speed, [outrun], despise ; agra point ; agra, agratas 
 in front, before ; an^ to speed, flash out ; an^as speed ; anh to go ; anls 
 to go eagerly, seek, worship, desire, speak out; ah to speak; dgus 
 swiftly; agman [sling]-stone, [arrow], thunderbolt; (with intens. prefix 
 yd) ya^ to worship q. v. ; yaksk to pray, adore ; ikh, inkh, inkh, i|, in^ to 
 speed, precede, scorn; USh to desire, flash out, be eager; a^, to go, hurl. 
 
 Sk. an^ to press forward, speed; a| to go, drive, hurl; a^as driver; 
 a^iras quick; a^man, a^mas march, road; a^is [swift march], level 
 
 ground, plain, contest, battle; a^ras plain. Zd. az to lead, drive; Old 
 
 Persian ayyapoq messenger, dyYapsuw to speed tidings. Gk. ayu 
 
 (JfivEw to lead, bring, carry, drive, gather together, celebrate feast; liyi?, 
 "Ayiq, iStxTup, -ii'fzt^iitv, CTTpa'c--t]Yd? leader, commander; (i^Ys;A(ov=intens. 
 ya^) ; dcywv race, contest ; dypeiju to hunt {agra spear-point) ; Sypa 
 game; Sypto? wild; (xyIXt) flock, herd; oy(jioi; march, furrow, 
 orbit (attracted by va^ to go round); dyuii street; dtyopa market- 
 place (driving, gathering, assembly); ayyeXo? messenger; ayav [be- 
 yond, in front], excessive, very; ayav is compounded in dy-avaxTlu 
 to be [verv masterful], indignant; (iya-xiiu to [feed bountifully], love; 
 dtyl-pw/os noble {vrih to grow); 'Ay-Tivup very manly; dcYaOd? good; 
 (Sod? active); dyXad? shining, glorious (Xi^w to desire; Xeuv bright- 
 eyed lion) ; 'AYa-iJ.^[ji,v(i)v (very mindful of his moment of rising) the 
 sun; leads the forces of light across the night-river by the sacrifice 
 of his daughter Iphigeneia, the day-star. She is rescued by Artemis, 
 the moon in the east, and becomes evening-star. Orestes (watchman) 
 and Pylades (gate of Hades) are also morning and evening stars, as 
 are KasTup (brilliant), IIoXuSEijxir)? (leader of many [stars]) , and MIilvuv 
 the son of 'Hw? who was confused with the statue of Amenophis which 
 watched for the sunrise. Lat. ago to lead, drive, celebrate festi- 
 val; agmgn [march], host; ex-omen swarm; agito to drive to and fro, 
 shake, stir; d\£]mentum javelin-thong; ind-ago to hunt, investigate; 
 
— 6 — 
 
 agilis swift, nimble; per-agro to [hunt], roam. O. N. aka, pret. ok 
 
 to drive, go, speed, set out; aH, driyer; ykya to overdrive (yag mtens.) , 
 
 oifea^ eagerness; eykr beast of burden, horse, ship. R- ye^zd^t to nde, 
 
 go, drive. Ir. agaim to drive, effect, celebrate festival, sport; agen- 
 
 mdr, aignech eager, merry; aige race, chase, venison; dg battle; d{g]m 
 band of foes; (intens.) ing force; Bret, w^m eagerness; O. C. Agm- 
 num, Aguntum busy market {venta); Agunna.-agno active; ag-as- 
 saios, ag-asseus hunting-hound (Ir. ess track); Egnatius (mgnech). 
 
 Sk. agas buck, goat (eager, nimble); demin. aiaka, aiika kid; 
 
 agiwam hide (buckskin, hunter's spoil). Gk. a?| goat (intens. yai; 
 
 of. eg to quiver, flash); <x'(y-«y?o<; wild-goat, chamois; aiyf? goat-skin. 
 
 0. N. eik pugnacious; eikim butting bull. Lith. ozhys buck, 
 
 goat; O. R. azno, yazno leather; R. azyam skin-coat. Ir. ag 
 
 bull-calf, stag. 
 
 Sk. ang to speed, flash out; agnis fire; e^, to quiver, flash. 
 
 Gk. ai'i'kq flash; a'lYstpo? poplar (glittering); aiYavsT) javeUn; atyf? 
 
 lightning-shield. Lat. ignwfire; Egnatia (miraculous fire). O.N. 
 
 ey[g]mr glow, heat; Eng. to inkle [flash at], guess; A. S. incge flashing 
 
 (sword) ; icge gold. Lith. ugnis, R. ogon fire. Gael, aingeal. Cor. 
 
 engil fire. 
 
 Sk. a^ras plain (swift-driving), lowland, meadow. Gk. aypo? 
 
 field. Lat. ager. Goth, akrs, O. N. akr field; Goth, akran fruit, 
 
 corn. 
 
 Sk. anhus pressure; anh, ank, ani to press forward, speed; of 
 
 {agnomi) to reach, attain; as to speed, grasp; dsas bow. Gk. ijxu 
 
 to reach, attain (Sk. ih to seek ; ankh to be long, extended) ; YJveyxa I 
 carried [unto]; 8oup-Y)vexiqq a spear-cast away; t^vextq?, St-rjvExiQ? reaching 
 
 the end, consecutive; xoS-rjvexT^q reaching the foot. Lat. accipiter 
 
 falcon (far-pouncing; cf. (oxuxexr)?). Goth, ahaks [far-flying] dove. 
 
 Sk. anh, [ah] to speed ; ofan sling-stone ; aganis dart, thunderbolt ; 
 agus swiftly; as to hurl; as to [be eager, pant, breathe], exist. — — 
 Gk. (oxuq, d^u? swift, keen; Si-ioxu to pursue (St-intens.) ; a^^upov chaff 
 
 (flashing, flying; x = 9)- Lat. acer keen, impetuous; acupedius 
 
 swift-footed; ocior swifter; ociter swiftly; acus chaff. Goth, aihva- 
 
 tundi hawthorn (swift-spark, first flash of spring); ahana chaff; aha 
 
 mind (flashing); ahyan to think; ahma spirit. Ir. dc, doc swift, 
 
 eager, impetuous; ocal violent; oclatu wrath; ei[c]m swift; W., Cor. 
 
— 7 — 
 
 diauc, di-oc lazy, (di negative); O. C. Acco, Accavus; Occo, Occus; 
 Oeco, Ecco; Ocelus (Mars). 
 
 Sk. agvas horse (swift); agvataras mule; agvyas equine; Agvindu 
 
 twin-horsemen, morning and evening stars. Zd. agpo, Pers. asp 
 
 horse {gv becomes sp; cf. (van = spaka). Gk. fxico? horse, YxTcioq 
 
 equine. Lat. equtis horse; e^M^j horseman. 0. Sax. ehu horse. 
 
 Lith. ashvh mare; ashutai horse-hairs. Ir. ech horse, echaire 
 
 muleteer; W., ep, eb horse; Bret, ebel foal; O.C. Epo-redia horse-race; 
 Epona goddess of horses; [O-Us-epona], Olisipo[n] Epona's fort (0- as 
 in 0-porto) ; Ep[v]idii wild horses (Ir. fiad) ; Eb-[b]tid(B victorious steeds ; 
 Epo-mandui horse racers, Eppo, Eponina. 
 
 Sk. Of to speed; a(vas swift horse. Lat. aqua [flowing], water 
 
 (distinct from ap). Goth, ahva, O.H.G. aha, awa, O.N. A river. 
 
 0. C. Aquila river; Aquincum; Aqui-tania (reaching the sea; cf. 
 Are-morica) . 
 
 Sk. aganis dart, thunderbolt; afris edge of sword; agram, agru 
 tear; asram tear, blood ; asri^ blood (sharp, bitter) ; -agas with comers ; 
 
 astra [agtra, ashtra] dart. Pers. Axtv-dxiQ? sword. Gk. dx-ax-iAevoi; 
 
 sharpened; at'xiii] spear-point; d^fvir) axe; 6^(i<; keen, bitter (forms ans, 
 aksh); (i)c-u5t-T5 point; dxdvr] whetstone; Sxwv dart; axpt?, Sxpt? peak, 
 ridge; dxpo-^atlu to climb cliff; to tip-toe; axpt-^i^s [balancing], 
 exact; ditpi'^ai; goat; platform, scaffold; dexouu, dxpodo^JLai to [be keen], 
 listen intently, hear. Lat. deer sharp, keen, eager; oc^r maple (sharp- 
 leaf) ; acuo to sharpen; aceo to be sour; acies edge, keenness, eyesight; 
 ascia adze; ocreae mountaineer's leggings? occare to scratch in, harrow; 
 asiutus [axtutus] keen, clever; asper sharp {cl. agvas, agpo, asp horse); 
 
 asilus wasp. Goth, ahs spike, ear of corn; asans harvest; aqizi axe; 
 
 0. N. ax ear of com; ox axe; A.S. ecgan, eggyan to sharpen, incite 
 
 {cdx<^i\); ecg, 0. H. G. ekka edge, comer; O. N. egg edge, sword. 
 
 Lith. ashtrus sharp ; asmu edge ; eishmas spit ; O. R. ostru sharp ; R. oselok 
 
 whetstone ; ospa dent, pock, small-pox (asper) . Ir. [aicth], dith sharp ; 
 
 dithe edge; del flesh-fork; W. awch point; ochyr edge, brim; ocet rake 
 (occa); egin sharpness; O. C. Ocra hill-fort; Ocrion promontory; 
 Acaunum, Acunum cliff; Acutus, Aqutus, Acco keen, wise. 
 
 Sk. agru, asru tear (biting, bitter, compounded in Sdxpu with 
 
 Sdtxvw) ; asram tear, blood ; asan, asri^ blood. Cypriot [eaoap], 
 
 elap, §oep blood; Phryg. 'Aaaapaxo? red dawn (cf. AT(i.&)v dawn who 
 
— 8 — 
 
 dies for love of 'Avn-rivr) day-star). O. Lat. assir blood. Lett. 
 
 assins blood. 
 
 Sk. ofanis dart, thunderbolt; ofman thunderbolt, sUng-stone, 
 stone; agmantam forge, furnace (originally chipping-block for flints); 
 agma-saras iron (stone-marrow); [a]f.mafdnas pyre, burnxng-place ; 
 
 (man face (flashing). Zd. ofman stone; [flashing] aether, sky (cf. 
 
 angumant p. 3) . Gk. axfxuv anvil ; thunder-bolt ; [flint] pestle, heaven, 
 
 sun. O. N. hamarr sledge-hammer, boulder, Thor's thunderbolt; 
 
 0. H. G. hamar hammer. Lith. akmu (akmen), O. R. kameni stone. 
 
 Sk. [anh, ah, ag] to speed, be keen; as to shine; ahan, alms day, 
 
 sun; akshan whirling eye (p. i). Zd. aksh to see, ashi eye. Gk. 
 
 |/dx == Of to see (o^otJiat, oxwxa) ; l^^^a, oxx« glance, eye ; oi^iq,, (S(j; face ; dxij 
 round hole, window; smoke vent; Sscxoe (Boeot. oxtkXXo?) eye; Baas 
 the two eyes {aksh); 3aao(i,at to foresee, forebode (fine frenzy); 
 i5u£i;o;jiat to look up, revere; oxi? divine knowledge, vengeance; 
 d(p8aX[Ad(; [bounding, rolling] eye (aXXo[Jiat) ; avOp-oxoi; glowing-eye, man 
 (k'iOm; contrasted with animal eye); (jLep-oij; thoughtful eye ([i.ep[A«fp(i)). 
 
 Lat. ocellus, oculus eye. Goth, augd eye (vanh to shine). 
 
 O. R. oko eye; o&wo window. Ir. aith glowing; d[c]n flashing. 
 
 Sk. [anh, ah, ag] to speed, be eager; an^ to flash, shine; anM to be 
 eager, passionate, speak clearly; ah to speak; aha he spoke; ahah, aho 
 
 alas! Arm. [aghal], azel, asel to say, ask. Gk iq(jii to speak; rixavev 
 
 he spoke; -^xlo) to ring out, sound, echo; x,aTY)xeo> to call from above, 
 
 instruct. Lat. dio to speak; ad-agium saying, proverb; n-egare to say 
 
 no; 0. Lat. axare to name; axamenta formulae, prayers [ank]; Umbr. 
 
 aitu = dicito. Goth, af-aikan to deny {an^, anW); aihtron to pray, 
 
 beg; A. S. dhsyan to ask. R. akhat, okhat to sigh; okh alas! O. R. 
 
 ankhati to [pant, inhale], scent. Ir. aged [mouth] face; inagid 
 
 opposite; Ir. uch alas; Bret, nahein to deny. 
 
 Sk. ah interjection; [ahd\, ha, gha, ghd enclitic particle. Gk. yl 
 
 enclitic particle, Doric 70:; S-ye this one; lyo-ye I myself; Dor. lYuya, 
 
 lyuvYa, Aeol. [aJyio-ya], iw-ya. Lat. mihi, (Umbr. mehe); [hoge], hoc; 
 
 [hugyus], hujus. O. R. zhe = -(k; Lith. tas-gi = ^ye; R. ego him, his. 
 
 Sk. ah to speak ; aham I [who speak] ; [ahmat, agmat], asmat {[ahnas, 
 
 asnas], nas in oblique cases) we. Gk. [aham, aghan], lyco, lywv I; 
 
 [ahmas], ■^\i.tiq we; [ahvamas, ahumas], i^tiz ye. Lat. ego I; 
 
 [ahnos], ends, nos we. Goth, ik, A. S. ic, O. N. ek, eg, I; Goth. 
 
— 9 — 
 
 ikei I who; \ahanas\ unsis us; iggqar your. Lith. azh, O. R. azu 
 
 \agK\ I ; R. nas we. Ir. ni we. 
 
 Sk. [anh, ans, ah, ag] to be eager; as to shoot, as to go, flash, shine, 
 [pant], breathe, exist; asus breath, desire, spirit, thought; asily to 
 [pant out], curse; asmi I am, asti he is; p.p. sat existent, essential, 
 important, good; satyas real, true; sattvam existence, soul; satatas 
 
 eternal. Zd. ahmi I am, agti he is. Gk. [laiJit], 'i\^\}.i, d<^[ I am; 
 
 I5t{ he is; laOW? excellent; [gETeo?], iTsd?, [very] true, real; ^TUfjios 
 real; true sense; itvos [existence, life, victual], porridge; Ity]?, itapo?, 
 
 iTaTpo? [real] friend; clansman, cf. Sk. tatas; liroiixos prompt, ready. 
 
 Lat. esse to be; [esum], sum I am; ^5< he is; [e]-sunt they are; ah-sens, 
 prae-sens; sat- ago to be diligent; sons, sonticus really guilty; [santne, 
 sanne], sane really, truly; sentio to recognize the reality, perceive, 
 understand; redup. [sent-sentia], sententia my real opinion, true sen- 
 tence, vote. Goth [asiyum], siyum to be; im I am; ist he is; sunya 
 
 truth; sunyon to prove truth, defend at law; suns at once, soon 
 (Itoiixo?) ; saun legal value, atonement; 0. N. sannr true; convicted; 
 
 Dan. sand, Eng. sooth true. Lith. esmi I am, esti he is; e5a6a being; 
 
 esnis perpetual; O. R. yesmi I am; yesti he is; R. estestvo nature. 
 
 Ir. am I am ; is he is ; it they are ; [a^m], dm in truth. 
 
 Sk. as to flash, be eager; asus breath; as to exist; as, dsan, asyam 
 
 mouth, face (cf. anand face). Lat. os (\5sis1, oris) mouth, face; 
 
 oscito to yawn; osculum kiss; oscillum swinging mask; oscillo to swing; 
 oraculum utterance, oracle; oro to pray? 
 
 The following demonstrative roots unite with developments of 
 sthd, [tha, tas], tat [here stands] this one, that one. Sk. sa, sas he 
 (existent [asas, sas]); sa she; sas, sd, tat he, she, it. Gk. 6, i^, x6, (he, 
 she, it), the (definite article) ; a-i^fjiepov this day, to-day; u^Tei; this year; 
 Id)? until; tldx; as long as. O. Lat. sum, sam = ipsum, ipsam (hic-sum, 
 hic-sam; ixum being popular prontmciation of ipsum under Augustus). 
 Goth, sa he ; sS she ; si they ; sums some one. Ir. so, sin this ; sund here ; 
 Slit that, there; W. he-diw to-day; hon this; Bret., Corn, hen this. 
 
 Sk. [anh, ag] to speed; a5to go, flash, hurl, [shoot], seize, pant after; 
 dsa, astram bow (cf. p. 2); as, ni-as to hurl down, put, place, leave; 
 ds to [pounce into, take possession], sit, settle, dwell, ambush, endure, 
 be assiduous, serve. (The same sequence of thought occurs with 
 langh to pounce, Xdxoq lair, ambush, Xs^o? bed, liegen to lie ; sad to go 
 eagerly, sddh to reach, attain ; sad to occupy, settle, set) . Sk. dsanam 
 seat, session, bench, delay. Zd. dh to sit, stay. Gk. [i^ajJiai] ■^[lat. 
 
— 10 — 
 
 (^axai) to sit, rest, be idle, lie in wait, be situated, lie low ; [i^ff^uXi^]. ¥^XO<i 
 firai-minded, quiet (cf. aatAipuxov, sweet-breath, marjoram). -O. Lat., 
 Umbr. dsa, Osc. aasa, Lat. ara altar; Lat prim-arius, decum-anus 
 in the first, tenth position; anus; [dvi-anua, dianua], janua gate (on 
 two sockets) ; Janus revolving year (two solstices) ; anus old woman 
 (sitting at home). A. S. aes, Ger. Aas carcass (cast away, aban- 
 doned, TCTUfjia). R. yasen mountain-ash (well-rooted); Lith. asla 
 
 floor. Ir. asait child-birth (in the lair; 'Ks.yu,). 
 
 Sk. [anh, ans, ang] to whirl; as to hurl away; hurl down. Gk. 1^, 
 
 Ix, (Locr. I) out. Lat. ex, ec-, e out; exterus, exterior outside; ex- 
 
 tremus farthest, last; extremitas; exta [rejected] entrails. Goth, us, 
 
 ur out. 0. R. izu, Lith. ish. Ir. ass, a, ess, e=ex; echiar = extra; 
 
 imm-echtar circumference, extremity. 
 
 Sk. [1/ai to be eager, nimble; to pant, breathe, gape, devour, blow, 
 kindle, be glorious, blooming; to dazzle, bum, blind, blacken, curse]. 
 
 Sk. ist, at to go nimbly, roam, hunt, explore; at to go forward, 
 journey; aiawaw roaming, journey; aiaw forest (htmting); atithis= 
 advena, guest ; atasas wind (roaming) ; att to go faster, surpass, scorn, 
 [defeat], kill; attalas [proud]; lofty building, palace (falas floor); 
 atta [brisk], mother, sister (familiar name) ; ath, anth to go ; ad, add 
 to make an effort, [pounce], seize, take possession; ad to eat; andhas 
 food, fodder, verdure, sap ; andas egg, testicle ; annas food ; an to pant 
 after, breathe, sound; an to breathe, blow; anilas -miid.. ad, with j/a 
 intensive, yat to make an effort, desire, effect, prepare, attack, vex, of- 
 fend ; yatna effort, work ; yantra machine ; yantri driver; it to go ; ind to 
 [be impetuous], rule ; indh to flash out, blaze, bum, kindle ; Indras god of 
 day ; lord ; inas sun, lord ; indus moon, spark, drop ; id to praise, glorify; 
 [y]andhas [dazzled], blind; eth to confuse, vex, sadden; edas deaf; 
 etas brindled (branded); ena, enas [bright-eye], moon, antelope; 
 idh to grow; edhas timber, prosperity. From the idea of going, 
 setting out, attaining, reaching, entering, following, distancing, 
 surpassing, arise various prepositions, adverbs, and particles: ati 
 beyond, exceedingly, in front, in addition; atas thence, hence, there- 
 fore; at-lvas exceedingly; atha then, thence, after; athavd = attamen 
 nevertheless, or; adas this [ad-dya], adya to-day; adhi unto, over; 
 adhikas higher; adharas, adhamas (even to the foot) lower, lowest; 
 antas limit, end; antatas finally; antar into, under (limit of motion); 
 antaras into, within; also [following], difference, interval, another; 
 anu after, following; (with ya) yatas whence; yatra where, because; 
 
— 11 — 
 
 yathd as, anyway; yadd when; itaras (compar.) [following, second], 
 another; itas hence; iti thus; ittham (superl.) exactly thus; idam this. 
 
 Sk. at, att, ad, anth to go eagerly, be brisk; add to work briskly; attd 
 mother, elder sister ; [anstam], astam home (eagerly sought) , sunset (sun's 
 
 goal) . Gk. KTTa grandpa ; dtTfrdiXXu to rear children ; axTw to skip, leap, 
 
 dart; StTOfJiai to set the warp; dtteXa^o?, kfzm.-(\q grasshopper; 'Attixo? 
 [chipper, cheerful], Athenian (no connection with Athene; the golden 
 grasshopper was a national badge. Cf . Ital. quaglia quail, merry-lad) ; 
 dTTaYa?, dTTaYi^v grouse, partridge; aTtiiYo? he-goat; aTiavov [sputterer], 
 frying-pan; detTctpaYoi; crumb {micare, mica); ax'ca, aaaa, asact any 
 
 trifles, et cetera. Lat. aita grandpa; Atilius. Goth, atta father; 
 
 aithei mother. O. R. otitzi, R. otetz father. Ir. aite foster-father; 
 
 aithech yeoman, man-at-arms, householder; O. C. Atta, Atto, Attalos, 
 Attillus; Ati-smerius quick-witted. Mercury; Attae nymphs, fairies. 
 
 Sk. att, anth to go eagerly, make an effort, [dive]; an to pant, 
 
 sound, [quack]; dtis water-fowl. Lat. anas {-aiis) duck. 0. H. G. 
 
 anut. Lith. antis duck. 
 
 Sk. ad (admi) to eat; andhas fodder; adanam adman, annam food; 
 
 -adas,-adakas eater; ddyas eatable. Gk. eSw, iaQoi, laGfo) [andh] to eat ; 
 
 Bu>^, e?Sap, sSsai^a food. Lat. edo (3d sing, est) to eat; edax de- 
 vouring ; esurio to desire to eat, hunger ; ador spelt ? Goth itan to eat ; 
 
 atisk harvest; fra-atyan to feed; O. H. G. izu, ezzan to eat; A. S. ata 
 
 oats. Lith. edmi I eat; edis a meal; O. R. ei [d\ mi, yami I eat, yasti 
 
 to eat; yadi food; R. eist to eat; eidun glutton; yazik tongue (greedy). 
 Ir. estar he eats. 
 
 Sk. edh to be [eager, well fed], turgid; to swell, grow; edhas timber, 
 
 wood; andhas YerAure, sap, fodder, food; andas egg, testicle. Gk. 
 
 avBoq flower, plant, bloom, sprout, point; ^o(v9o<; violet bloom; Sx-av9a 
 thorn-leaf, thistle ; u- lix- ivOo? hyacinth ; sprouting point after spring rain ; 
 Tlp;jL-tv6o<;, Tepl^-tveoi; cone-producer, terebinth; (iveiw to bloom; iSstpa 
 luxuriant hair; (JBi^p head of com; dcSdipf) groats, porridge; avSrjpov bank 
 
 of stream; 'iSt; timber, forest. Lat. ador spelt; adoriosus luxuriant, 
 
 proud; qiierc-etum oak wood [t^nih]; idoneus [good timber], suitable 
 
 (-van, -<idnus) . A. S. eddig prosperous (forms and, andh, [ant]); 
 
 eddhe, ydhe comfortable, rich ; eddh easy ; idhel, ddhele noble ; ides noble 
 woman, nymph; O. Ger. Idisia-viso nymph' s-meadow; O. N. ddhal, 
 edhli nature, generation, tribe; idhyar meadow grass; Idhunn Nature, 
 spring, immortality. Ir. ander young woman (blooming); ad-bul 
 
— 12 — 
 
 swollen, vast ( + volvo) ; idan virginal, pure; O. C. Ande-cavi blooming 
 banks {quai) ; Anderida forest; Andes fertile; Andium, Andros, Antros 
 islands; Ando-bales, Indi-bilis, Indus = prosperous ; Idonea (blooming); 
 Idenna, Edera rivers ; Ituna (the Eden) . 
 
 Sk. idh, indh to kindle, burn, shine ;' p.p. iddhas [burnt prairie], clear, 
 clean ; indhanam, idhmas, edhas firewood ; ind_ to [be glorious], rule ; 
 Id to glorify, praise; Indras sun-god, lord; Aindrl his wife. Night, 
 Tartarus; inas sun, lord; eth to dazzle, confuse, vex; edas [dizzy, con- 
 fused], deaf; andhas [bewildered], blind; etas brindled. Gk. a'i8w to 
 
 burn; a'i8(i)v burning, glorious ; ateT^p bright air; a'tOpa clear weather ; at6p(a 
 clear night; 'A9i5vt] goddess of the clear sky, represented by her steely 
 helmet and shield ; with the latter Perseus (spring, prush) destroys the 
 winter Gorgon. As IlaXXas (Pales) she guards cloud-sheep in her 
 circular fold, and is patroness of wool-work (cf. add to toil). She 
 sprang from the aching head of Zeus (clouded sky) , cleft by the light- 
 ning axe of Hephaestus, and bears the flashing lightning in her aegis ; 
 Mpa^ coal ; dvBpiQVY] hornet (cf . 6pT)veii) to drone) ; aOpayEVT) torch-wood; 
 SvepwTco? flashing-eye, man; «'if6aXoq smoke, soot; a(66i; black, burnt; 
 
 f9ap6? lovely, merry; f6aEvotJ.at to be warm; aSt? hearth. Lat. aestuo to 
 
 burn, boil, rage; aestus heat, tide; aestas summer; [andso\, asso to broil; 
 cedes [hearth], house (opposed to capanna a smoky straw hut without 
 smoke- vent); [aedmidus], aemidus inflamed, purulent ; atrium [t=nth] 
 
 room with smoke-vent ; ater sooty, black. O. H. G. eit piled wood, 
 
 blaze; eitar pus (melting drops); esza furnace; A. S. dd funeral pile; 
 dttor venom; aetter adder; aedre torrent, artery (boiling); Ml disease; 
 ydkan to ravage, destroy; O. Sax. idal, O. H. G. ital flashing, flickering, 
 bright, pure, vain ; O. N. eydhato ravage ; aedh artery. R. eidkiy burn- 
 ing, caustic, corrosive, virulent. Ir. andud kindling; ded fire; aidche, 
 
 oidche night {Aindrl, atOpfa) ; indo-cbdl glory {gabail seizing) ; aih, oast 
 (W. odyn) malt-kiln; ind-edin anvil (hot iron bender; sdim) ; for-ondar 
 to be blackened ; dn evil, shame ; andhas blind ; Aedhan glorious ; Adam- 
 nam [aedh-damnan] glory of the world {domun, Damnonii); aithle, 
 Cor. itheu, Bret, etea fire-brand {t=nih as in Lat.) ; O. C. Aedui, Aidui; 
 Athesis, Atesis {Adige) sparkling; andobatta blind-fighter (blinded 
 gladiator). 
 
 Sk. att, anth to go eagerly; indh to glow; an, an (aninti) to pant, 
 breathe; ana^ breath; anilas wind; dnanam mouth, face; anikas (Zd. 
 ainikas) face; (cf. as to breathe, dsyam mouth; Lat. os mouth, face); 
 
 anikas army (eager, forward) ; [antman], dtman breath, soul, self. 
 
 Gk. SvejAo? wind; avT;ai = (5tv6iJ.ot, Hesych.; dt^id? steam, vapor; [ifOT^H]], 
 
— 13 — 
 
 duTlx.-^, <iuT[jii^v [av to blow] breath, blast of bellows, of furnace, [inhala- 
 tion], scent ; fix-n^^K] moustache (under nose, breath) ; 7cpoo-ir]v-i^<; [turning 
 face toward speaker], bland, gracious; dviiu to [pant after], hasten, 
 attain, succeed; &via, 6vi(x [panting, exhaustion], distress; Svo? ass 
 
 (wide-mouthed, braying; cf. 6yy.(ko\i.M). Lat. animus, anima soul, 
 
 life; an-helo to pant after (halare) ; onus [effort], burden; onustus laden; 
 honos duty, office, honor; honestus dutiful (h is added to differentiate). 
 
 Goth, uz-anan to breathe out; ansts A. S. ^5i favor, grace; 0. H. G. 
 
 unst storm; ando wrath; O. N. anda to breathe; andi, ond, ddhr soul; 
 anna to care for, toil; onn labor; ddhr wrath (melts with ftiGew); 
 
 A. S. aedhm, 0. H. G. Atum breath (St[j.o(;). 0. R. v-onya stench {vd 
 
 to blow). Ir. anim, Cor. enefsoxA; Ir. andl, W. anadyl, Bret, hanal 
 
 breath ; Ir. dn [blown flame] brilliant, swift ; W. anau [breath, inspira- 
 tion], harmony, poetry; O. C. Anavius, Anavo[n], Anauni; Anava 
 river; Anandale; Animo-rix. 
 
 Sk. an to pant after [pursue, follow] ; [anava], anu after, following, 
 
 along. Gk. dvaXoyfa according to reason; dva in succession, one by 
 
 one, apiece; avu [effort] uphill, up; dviiw to hurry up, haste; Iv'SeXexi^S 
 enduring to the end. 
 
 Sk. anyas (Zd. anya) [following, one by one], another; anyataras 
 
 the other {alter); anyatra elsewhere; anyathd otherwise. Gk. evioi 
 
 some; Ivtaxou in some places; iviozs. sometimes; ivoq year, annee; 
 eviauT(5? period, year; Tpfsvo? triennial ; av particle of possibility, like Lat. 
 
 anne. Lat. Anio (gen. Anienis) = the other Tiber (the Sabine name 
 
 was Tiber, cf . Tibur ; Teverone = Tiburanyo) ; anf annef is it so or not ? 
 
 an-nonf an-numf enim. A. S. dn after dnum one after the other; 
 
 Goth, anthar another; O. N. inn, enn that one; enn otherwise, again. 
 
 0. R. inu, R. inoi another, a certain one; R. inake otherwise. 
 
 Ir. in? anf interrogative ; in, an this that, the ; [i\na as, like ; [i]nach 
 anyone; ni something. 
 
 Sk. an, an to pant, [exhaust, empty] ; anus (fern anvl) small, worn out ; 
 anlyas smaller ; anakas very small, miserable ; an-, a- negative prefixes ; 
 
 [a]m'5 without, out. Zd. ana-, an-, a-, negative prefixes. Gk. dva-, 
 
 dv-, d- negative prefixes ; Sveu, Svi? [destitute, alone], far from, without 
 
 (sans), excepting. Lat. in-, i- neg. pref.; Osc, Umb. an-. Goth. 
 
 inuh, O. H. G. dnu, dne without (ohne) ; A. S. in-, Eng. in-, un-, Ger. 
 
 un- neg. pref. R. inei hoar-frost (fleeting, vanishing) ? Ir. anaim 
 
 to [be blown, exhausted], cease, rest, wait; an- neg. pref. 
 
 Sk. an-, {a\nis- negative prefix; [a]na (Ved. no) not; [mom], no and 
 not; [na-id] ned that not. Zd. na not. 
 
— 14 — 
 
 Sk. an to pant. Zd. ana uphill, up. Gk. dvi up, upon; Sva> 
 
 above. Osc, Umbr. an, Lat. in up, upon. Goth, ana up; A^bax. 
 
 on, upp-on. R., O.R. [a]na over, on; R. wa look up! see! O.Pr. 
 
 na, no on. Ir. an, in, on. 
 
 Sk. [aw to pant, to pounce into from above, to leap down, upon, 
 into the midst]; at, ath, anth to go; comp. degree a« tor inside, within ; 
 superl. antamas household friend, intimus; antara in the midst; 
 antram bowels; [a]ni under (pouncing); redup. [a]ninyas within, 
 
 mystic. Gk. Iv-Ss^to? toward the right (cf. Ir.) ; ivi, Iv (Arcad., 
 
 Cypr. fv) in, within; svz6q, evSov, eaw within; evxea furniture, domestic 
 goods; I'vBa, IvxauGa there, where; ev0ev thence, whence; lvepot = inferi, 
 the dead, the gods of Hades; gvepGe, vepGs apud inferos; IvIpTspoq, 
 
 vepxepo? deeper; svTspov bowels. Lat. endo, indo in, to, into, upon, 
 
 within; ind-uperator (opera) overseer of works, commander, issuing 
 orders from above (cf . %aLX-rf/iii>) ; ind-igeo to need [at home] ; res angusta 
 domi ; interest it is laid upon him, is his duty, interest ; inter into the 
 midst, between ; inter-dico to set intervening space, repel, forbid ; intus, 
 intra within; comparative forms interior, intimus more, most within; 
 domestic, private ; [forms intherior, inthimus ; cf . Sk. at, anth], inferior, 
 infimus, [invimus], imus into the lowest depth; inferi the gods of 
 Hades; [intes-tenus], intestinus prolonged into the interior; antrum 
 cave, bowels of earth, Ivrepov; inter- ficio to send to Hades, slay, (cf. 
 Danish i-hael-slaan) ; inter-necinus murderous; intereo to perish; Umbr. 
 
 en-, ander, Oscan anter between, into the midst. Goth, in, inna 
 
 within; innuma inmost; innathro within, from within; undar under; 
 O. H. G. innddiri bowels; A. S. inn, O. N. inni apartment, house, inn; 
 
 Ger. unter among, under. Lith. in, 0. R. v-an in; R. [a]na into, 
 
 toward, under; nod down, upon; v-on from within, out. Ir. i, in in; 
 
 waiter bowels ; eter,etir,etar-, (Bret, etre) between; etir [nothing] at all 
 [between us] ; an-des [entering] from the south ; W. i[n], Bret, en in ; Corn. 
 enederen bowel, [channel]; Bret, ant, andeniurrovf, gully, brook; O.C. 
 Antona river; en, in; enter, inter between; Int-arabus mediator, arbiter 
 of inheritance. 
 
 Sk. at, att, ath, anth to go, speed; ati beyond, exceedingly, in front, 
 in addition; adhi to, in addition, above; antas limit, end; antatas 
 finally, at last ; antimas farthest ; antaras another. Zd. aiti exceed- 
 ingly, beyond. Gk. exi in addition, further, moreover. Lat. et 
 
 and, also, more and more; etiam also; at furthermore, but; at-avus 
 
 great-grandfather's grandfather; ad to, unto. Goth, andeis, A. S. 
 
 ende end; A. S. odh until; and (0. N. enda, 0. H. G. anti) and. Ir. 
 
— 15 — 
 
 [ati], -ath, -aith anew, again; iTid end, point; awoJ there, yonder; O. C. 
 andir- intensive particle ; melts with andh to glow, be luxuriant ; ate- 
 intensive prefix. 
 
 Sk. ati in front; anti- [in front of the enemy], opposite, facing; 
 antikas in the presence, near; antikam before (in procession), sooner; 
 
 antidevas o-p-positQ dancer (reciprocity, exchange). Gk. &yzI opposite, 
 
 instead of; avTa, oEvtyjv, avTwipu (xpouto to knock against) face to face; 
 
 SvToixat, dvndw to encounter; IvavTio? opposite, adversary. Lat. ante 
 
 before (time and place) ; antiquus ancient (yagas glorious) ; antia fore- 
 lock; antes [procession], row; t-antum, qu-antum so far [ahead], so much 
 as; [co-ant-ara] contra against; Antonius leader; Antium (end, harbor). 
 
 Goth, and by the side, opposite, towards; anda-vaurd answer; unte 
 
 until; O. H. G. andi forehead. Lith. ant unto. Ir. etan forehead 
 
 (cf. eter between = owfam); and, there, yonder; O. C. Ande-brox facing 
 the frontier. 
 
 Sk. at, att, anth to go, set out, proceed; [ata], atha, [antha] then, 
 
 thereupon, also; yatas whence, where, whither; itas hence. Gk. ev6a 
 
 here, there, where, then; ev6sv thence; lvTa09a there; o9ev whence, 
 wherefore. Lat. inde thence; unde whence; t-ot, qu-ot so many [at- 
 tempts] as. Goth, and-bindan, Ger. entbinden to imbind. Ir. and 
 
 there. 
 
 Sk. att, add, ath, anth, yat, it to go, seek, speed, follow; athaaiter- 
 wards, then, but; athavd however, or; antaras [in front, ahead, beyond], 
 another; yatra [therefore, in consequence], because; itaras [following, 
 second], the other, another; savyas left-hand; savy-etaras [other, better 
 than the left], right ; [kas who ?] k- ataras whether of the two ? y- atha thus, 
 as, in any way; yadd [again, anew], when; yadi, yadiva whether of the 
 two, if, or; yadvat just as [the preceding] ; fciam the same, (in sequence) ; 
 iti thus; ittham (superl.) exactly thus. Gk. zha [following], after- 
 wards, then; eI9ap (comparat. of last) immediately after, at once; 
 sTspo? another [yataras]; \y] otTep [otherwise], except, without; aptoro; 
 best; [(ipicTT-ttepo?] dptotspci? [other than the best], left hand; ik[).<f-6'zepo(; 
 
 each of the two; fff-ltepos their [own share]. Lat. idem the same 
 
 (melts with yas, is) ; ita thus ; itaque and so, in consequence, therefore ; 
 at but (_atha) ; iterum another time, again; itero to repeat; sin-ister left 
 hand; dex-ter right hand; mag- ister, min-ister master, servant (recipro- 
 cal) ; c-aeteri all the rest (pref. v-ai or kas) ; c-aeterum however, but. 
 
 Goth, anthar another; id- again, against; ith but; A. S. odher the other, 
 another; eithan therefore; eithau otherwise; eithan to [annex another], 
 
— 16 — 
 
 join; hvddher whether (.kas); Goth, yaththe or yuthan already R. 
 
 tak, itak thus; itog total. Ir. aithrech [repetition, thinking it over], 
 
 repentant. 
 
 Sk. anth to go eagerly; od, add to make an effort, [leap, pounce]; 
 adhi [from] above, down [to], at, by; adis first (to set out); adttas 
 
 from the beginning. Lat. ad to, at, by; ad-imo to take away; [a^e 
 
 from. Goth., 0. N. ai. O. H. G. az, A. S. aet at, by. R. ^dm, 
 
 0(im one. Ir., W. di from, of. 
 
 l/^ to circle; a^ [to meet, as the ends of a hoop], to reach, arrive, 
 obtain, possess; vi-ap to encircle, embrace, take possession; sam-ap 
 to complete; aptas (p.p.) obtained, accepted, fitted to end, suitable, 
 intimate; apa [separated, as hoop-ends], from, away; [apa-dpas], papas 
 sin (unfit, improper) ; aparas [following, as ends], another, (separate) ; 
 ap, apas water (stirabout, brimming); apyas watery, moist, [fertile]; 
 apnas, ambu, ambhas water; ammayas watery; ahhi to, towards, over 
 [the other — as hoop-ends]; abhy-antaras (opposite end, embracing) 
 interval, interior, middle; abhy-adhikas upper; abhyas nearness [of 
 ends], neighborhood, practice, custom (circling, repeating) ; abhr, am 
 to go [round]; aw to [embrace], love; to [be bent], sick; amatis [circling, 
 recurring] time ; amb to circle ; ambakam [rolling] eye ; ambaram [rolUng] 
 heaven, [enveloping] robe; amba [embracing] mother; abhram [globing] 
 cloud ; amb, am to [rumble, thunder], sound ; (prefix va) ubh, umbh to 
 fill [to brim] ; ubhdu, ubhayas both [hoop-ends] ; imv to embrace, fill, 
 satiate, delight. 
 
 Sk. apa away from, out from, down from, back to (completed 
 
 circle); aparas another (following in circle). Zd. apa away, from; 
 
 apana afar. Gk. dx(5 from; a(p backward, again. Lat. ab, abs, 
 
 [av], au-, a from. Goth, af off, from, out of; afar after; O. H. G. aha, 
 
 [a]fona from, away, (von) ; afar, Ger. aber hut, again, anew [following]; 
 Ger. aber-mal another time; A. S. after after; of of, off; O. N. af, off, 
 
 from. R. [apo], po following, according to ; Lith. apatzia, apatinnis 
 
 lower. 
 
 Same root (following ends, opposite ends, one end over other, 
 completed circle). Sk. prefixed prep, api-, pi~ to, on, after; (as adv.) 
 
 also, therefore. Zd. aipi (prep, with ace.) after, on, with; (instru.) 
 
 to; (loc.) unto, on; (prefix) hence; (adv.) also, even. Gk. Ix( upon, 
 
 up, to. 0. Lat. apor, Lat. apud (abl. form) at, by (nearing ends); 
 
— 17 — 
 
 at the house of (completed circle). Lith. ape around, over; (suffix) 
 
 ~pi after, near; (pref.) api-, ap-=GeT, be-. 
 
 Same root (circling, meeting, attaining, enclosing, returning, fol- 
 lowing, whirling). Sk. ap to attain, reach, p.p. dptas; causat. aps; 
 desid. ips to seek, desire; abhi-dp to desire; vi-dp to embrace, brim, 
 fill; apnas possession; dptas acceptable, fitted, suitable. The Greek 
 prefixes sa conjunctive, producing rough breathing; it melts with the 
 kindred [abh, dtf] to encircle; it may add the causative s, and the 
 resultant %<5 may become i/, <s% or trip; in li/^c, it follows the Sk. 
 
 desid. ; in ■^•K&aif.ca it prefixes a intens. like the Sk. aicTO) to grasp, 
 
 bind, touch, [whirl fire-drill], kindle; aipSai [kindlings], carbuncles, boils; 
 S(j"? touch; ai/l<; circle, fold, felloe, bow, arch, apse, cycle; \^6i.i/ [\^t\-a.if, 
 not reaching], in vain ; daxfq shield (circular); asp (coiling); dij)(v6tov, 
 doTcfvOiov (coiling-stalk) , worm- wood; b'aicptov pulse (tendril) ; Siptq snake; 
 bracelet; ii/k evening, end of day's circle; dTcfau backward; ai/ back, 
 again, immediately; l^axfvY)? sudden, pouncing; 'A^-aupToi; morning- 
 star (drawn back into night) ; «I(|;a, aipvu, Scpap immediate ; o(J;ov [pre- 
 pared, cooked] food; dxTaw to broil, bake; £i];(d to boil (kindling, 
 turning, stirring); dupacp, iipaffati) to feel, touch, handle, rub; dxcikpu, 
 dicaipiaxu (redup.) to stroke, tickle, cheat; &%i!fzt\ deceit; [i^ = a] ijxios 
 gentle, kindly (stroking); iQxspoxeuto to cajole; [viQ-axTu], vijipw [not to 
 touch], be temperate; atpevo?, aipvo? wealth (attained); dipvEidi; rich; 
 SfeXoi; gain, help, advantage (cf. Sabine, Gall. Ofella prosperous); 
 (SiplXXo) to prosper, help, heap up, [lend]; dipsiXlw to owe; !x(5ti> [yd 
 intens.] to press, crush; Txoq mouse-trap; Jxvdq vault, oven, heap ((5:4''? 
 arch); Tijjoq ivy (coiling); Iij* worm; Eijj"^? cork-tree (swelling); 'iT^tos, 
 'ifip6t(A0? stout, comely, strong; ■^xdoyiai to couple, cobble; (zxiqvy) team, 
 
 couple, twins; ■rixsipos main-land (firm-bound, eXpto). La,t. apere to 
 
 bind; apto to fit; aptus (dptas) fitted, suitable; [co-apulo], copulo to 
 bind; a[p]nus, annus, anulus circle, ring, year; soll-empnis, soll-emnis 
 every year, solemn festival, customary; [ompnis], omnis [the whole 
 circle], all; [amnvona], annona [good year], crop, grain; [imnfula], 
 infula fillet, head-band? opinor to form opinion {ap to grasp, compre- 
 hend +van, ven to choose, reflect) ; apor, apud [within circle], at home; 
 aper curved- tusk, boar; ebur tusk, ivory, cf. (ixd = ah; (the twin tusks of 
 the Erymanthian and Aetolian boars typified the [summer and] 
 winter solstice with the Greeks as with the Scandinavians ; the horns 
 of Amathaea and Thor's goats represented the summer cycle) ; apis 
 bee (homing, neatly fitting); apex [sharp-touch], peak; oppidum 
 ring-wall, town ; oppido neatly, exactly meeting [ends] ; ob, obs [meet- 
 ing ends], opposite, seeking to meet, for the sake of; obses, [h]ospes (cf. 
 
— 18 — 
 
 d^(v6tov, d((7x£v6tov) [corresponding, mutual] hostage, guest-friend; 5- 05^w 
 safe guarded (prefix su- well) ; opto to desire; opes [attained] wealth; 
 c-op'ia abundance; opus, opera toil [laying hold, getting]; tnd-upero to 
 oversee, command; luc-ubro to work by lamplight; Apptus, Apptanus, 
 Oppianicus rich; optimus, opimus richest, best; epulum feast; Ofella; 
 
 of a lump of dough, food. Goth, ajar after; aftra backward; A.S. 
 
 ajnan to complete, fulfill, bring to pass; aefen evening (completion of 
 cycle ii>k) ; ejne exact, correct {aptus) ; ejn even (rounded, complete 
 circle, disk); O.N. iafn, iafna plain; iafnan, iamnan forever; efna to 
 fulfil,'reaUze; afla to grasp, be strong; Goth, ibns level, plain; O.N. 
 ifi doubt; efa to doubt; efii; A.S. efstan to speed (ali^a) ; eafodh force; 
 eo/or, O.H.G. eberhosLV (aper) ; O.N. o^/r, (O.H.G. eifer) eagerness; oefa 
 to [revolve], be wont, (uben); A.S. ofen, O.N. o/n oven (t'xvd?); Goth. 
 tdnzva, O.H.G. opasa high-hall (jointed, timbered) ; A.S. efese eaves; 
 
 A.S. efeie eft, reptile (It^) ; efel, yfel (O.H.G. ubiJ) evil (crooked). Lith. 
 
 apstas crowd (meeting); apstus abundant; R. optom wholesale; 06- 
 
 against. Ir. alp'istaim to bind, hold fast; o[/>]5-/Mr [returning back], 
 
 journey (at]^) ; [apne], dine, dinius, dibnius [plenty], joy, beauty; dibind, 
 dibind beautiful; obbaim to oppose, refuse {ob) ; aim[b]ser (Bret, amz^r) 
 time; O.C. Ofiliacus, Oppianicnos (rich), Appius, Apilus, Opsilus; oppe 
 hops moq). 
 
 Sk. abhi (hoop, hoop ends, circling, opposite) to, toward, around 
 
 about, over; abhitas to, near, round about. Zd. aibi, aiwi up, over^ 
 
 [unto], in addition; O. Pers. abish close by. Gk. a.]^'i around; 
 
 a\^ic, on both sides; St-aiJi.9tStos separate, entirely different. Lat. 
 
 prefix amb-, am-, an-, Umbr. am-, an-, ampr-, Osc, amfr- around, on 
 both sides ; Lat. anfr-actus curve {angus spoke, akshas axle) ; abies spruce- 
 tree (rounding evenly, cf. dhanvan, Tanne). O. Sax. umbi, O.H.G. 
 
 umpi around; Ger. um around; emp-fangen to receive [from another]; 
 Goth., O.H.G., A.S. [ambi], bi by, at, near; O.N. omb- around; onibun 
 
 requital, pay. O.R. obu across, through [from point to point]; 
 
 around; R. ob-, o-, u- around; {ob-vivat to wrap, o-mivat to wash, . 
 
 u-stremlyat to turn). O.C. ambi-, W. am, Ir. imb-, imm around; 
 
 O.C. amb-acti henchmen (led about). 
 
 Sk. ribhduhoth; ubhayatas on both sides. Zd. uba both. Gk. 
 
 aiAipw both; dfxipdTepoq each of two. Lat, ambo. Goth. [a]bai, 
 
 [ajbaioths both; O.H.G. [a]beide. O.R. oba both; Lith. abu both; 
 
 abeyoyu to doubt. 
 
 Sk. vi-ap to embrace, encircle, brim, fill; amb to move round; ap, 
 
— 19 — 
 
 apnas, ambu, ambhas water; ab-das [water-giver], cloud; apa-ga river; 
 ammayas watery. Zd. ap water. Gk. dxdq juice, sap ? Sicwv poppy- 
 juice, opium; dit-eipa [juice-time, vintage, olive-pressing], autumn; 
 i.%ixki^ juicy, tender, soft; dx-apYfot (white-sap, cf. lactuca) chicory; 
 'Ax(a Peloponnesus (water-land); Msaa-ixtoi (between-waters) heel 
 
 of Italy. Lat. apium parsley (brookside) ; Apulia (j:'£ko<; lowland) ; 
 
 [ambnis], amnis river. Goth, aba husband (generator) ; aban to be 
 
 vigorous; A.S. £660 = strong; ebbian, O.H.G. eppan to flow away, ebb. 
 
 O.Prus. ape, Lith. upe river. Ir. abann river; abaid mellow, 
 
 ripe; ambur, ammor water-trough; O.C. ylm6iaMt = river-men, rafters; 
 Men-apii, Mon-apii, Mona^ia = narrow-water; (cf. La Manche, the 
 Minch=min-uisce narrow- water) ; Gam-apia winter- water, flooding; 
 ambe river; Abus, [Anibusl the Humber; Abnoba [abn-ovus rich in 
 water]; Abona the Avon. 
 
 The following roots under this head melt into each other: amb 
 to go, move round, [eddy] ; amb, ambh to sound [like water], rumble, 
 thunder; am to go [around, encircle, embrace], love; to [flow, melt 
 away, pine], be sick; amas watery, unripe, raw; amlas sour; amras 
 mango; dmds roaming, roving; amas, amanam illness; yam \yd intens.] 
 to wheel, circle ; ibhas elephant (swamp-lover, water-spouter) ; ibhyas 
 affluent, rich; imv to [embrace, grasp], fill, possess, exhilarate; ubh, 
 umbh to fill. 
 
 Sk. ambu, ambhas eddying water; ambaram heaven, robe; abhram 
 thunder-cloud (cf. nam to curve, nabhas cloud; Ir. nem heaven; Gk. 
 xpaSaJvu to whirl; Eng. cloth, cloud) ; ambakam rolling eye; ambhrinas 
 [surging, rolling, brandishing], mighty, terrible. Gk. oiA^po? thun- 
 derstorm, water; B^put^ov (Lat. obrussa), [smelting], refined gold; 
 o^pujio? mighty, terrible; [(5]Bpi(ji.u Hecate; ^pl\>.f] threat; ^p(5[Aos 
 thunder, surge; &\i.^'kuq rounded, blunt; d^sXd? [revolving] spit; 
 (Dor. (55sX(5<; with Sl^oq) ; 6\).(faX6q [centre of revolution], boss of shield, 
 navel; 6\i.<f(x%l<; acorn-cup; &<fp6q [rolling] foam; 'AippoSfTY) cloud-queen, 
 rain-begetter, fertilizer (Mediterranean sea-mist, gathering under 
 the Sim, creaming up on shore, wafting up in clouds) ; rainbow-girdled 
 wife of Hephaestus the lightning; borne away by Ares the storm- 
 wind; bound by the fiery net of Hephaestus; <i^p6q delicate; d^pijvo) 
 to be wanton; Sgpta whelps, [toX-d^pia young pigs (cuddled, nursed); 
 o9pa [circling time], while, until; '6\>.%Yfi food, honey-cakes, favor; S(axvio(; 
 
 bountiful, flourishing, swollen [of a cloud]. Lat. imber, [ibhyas] 
 
 storm-cloud, rain; umbra shadow; umbo boss; umbilicus navel; Umbri 
 storm-clouds (terrible, drifting, migrating; cf. Fir Bolg, Belgae= 
 
— 20 — 
 
 cloud-men; Volsci, Volcae mountain-torrents; Ambrones); Africus 
 dewy, cloud-bearing wind, south-west; Africa (s.w. of Sicily); Ven-a- 
 frum "sweet-south-west" [slope]; aprlcus [abrtcus, cf. abncot], basking 
 after shower; Aprilis; Vel-abrum swamp-water; ambub to [circle], wan- 
 der stroll (v'olvo) ; ebrius [dizzy, raging], drunk. Goth, abrs strong; 
 
 bi-abryan to rage; aibr gift (dainty, luxury); O.N. embergeas, M.H.G. 
 
 imber ember-goose, water-fowl; amber amber (sea-drift, foam). 
 
 R. oblako cloud. Ir. abra dark (umbra) ; imbliu, navel; uball, aball 
 
 apple (naveled) ; imbel, dibela brim; imb, imm butter (stirred, churned) ; 
 dibell spark, fire, passion (whiriing, impetuous); diblech flashing; j6ar 
 iubhar yew tree (intoxicating, poisonous; ebrius; cf. taxus, intoxicor). 
 
 Bi-et. ^br, kir cloud, sky; amonen hntter; O.C. Amber; Ambrones; 
 
 Aballaba (apple) ; Aballo, Avalon, Obilava, Obellius; Obilonna, Ebiloniae 
 (nymphs); ebur yew; Eburones, Eburovlces, Eburacon; Eburnicae 
 (nymphs) ; fouix^apouix deadly night-shade. 
 
 Sk. [abhru], bhru, -bhruvas brow (darkening, shading; umbra); 
 
 ambhrinas, (Gk. o^pt^o?, Pptixo?) glowering, terrible. Zd. brvathro-w. 
 
 Gk. dippu? (Maced. a^pouTs?) brow, ridge, bank, clifE; d9pu6ei(;beeaing; 
 
 Cretic oGpudei? jagged, precipitous; o6puv mountain (Hesych.); "OGpu?; 
 [uxdOpa], uirdSpa [glaring], under brows. Lat. [a\frons (frondis) foli- 
 age ;frons-tishrow. A.S. brav, bruva brow; O.N. briX mound, platform, 
 
 step. O.R. obuvi, bruvi brow. Ir. abra dark; a&ra eyelash; abracht 
 
 eyelid ; bra, bruad eyebrow, brows ; bru rim, border, bank, brae ; bra-fad 
 a twinkle; O.C. Brivas, Brivates brow, brae, bank, quay (Zd. brvat); 
 [Briv-aci], Breuci shore-men. 
 
 Sk. ambh, amb, am to sound (thunder, surge) ; ambhrinas mighty, 
 
 terrible ; um exclamation ; dm. mystic syllable, adjuration. Gk. 0^91) 
 
 divine voice, oracle; o;jt,vu[ji.t to swear. Lat. cal-umnia [terrible voice], 
 
 accusation; Vertumnus [sacred revolution], god of harvest. Ir. 
 
 dman fear; omna oak (oracular, reverend) ; O.C. omun fear; Ex-obnus 
 iesirless; Berg- omon holy town. 
 
 Sk. dmas, amas, watery, unripe, raw; dmas [wasting, melting], 
 
 illness ; amlas, amblas, amll sour, acid ; sorrel ; amras mango. Gk. (i[i.6? 
 
 imripe, raw, cruel; o(ji9a^ sour grape {bhaksh, bacca, sour -bite). Lat. 
 
 [amdsus], amdrus sour, bitter; omasum tripe {am-mdnsam raw, sour 
 
 flesh). O.H.G. ampher, samphire (salt-lichen, pickle); A.S. Smig 
 
 sharp, passionate; O.N. awmr wretched. Ir. amor misery, bitterness; 
 
 amnas cruel ; amsa war ; amos mercenary soldier. 
 
 Sk. amb, am to circle, embrace, love; ambd mother (embracing, 
 
— 21 — 
 
 swaddling) ; amas, amatis [circling] time ; amatram cask ; amd [in the 
 circle]; at home; ama this one; [a]ma I myself (e(Jii)? imv to take 
 
 possession, be full. Gk. i\i&(ii to gather, reap, fill [armful, pailful]; 
 
 fiiJLT) pail; fiiATQ-coi; harvest; Si^iaXkci sheaf; dji-ctpa channel; (i((ji,vfov bowl; 
 caul enclosing foetus; SiJ.v«(j.oi; grandson; Sixvoq lamb; &\},li; vessel; 
 i^&pce ditch, canal (water-collector) ; oSS-afX'^, ii.T]S-a^i) in no mea- 
 sure, no wise; I^jlI me; Ijjids my. Lat'. amo to love; amita aunt; 
 
 emo to take, gain, buy; red-imio to wrap, wreathe; om-[in]enium mem- 
 brane enclosing intestine ; [amfe-iomew], abdomen {tumeo, tomaculum). 
 
 A.S. edm uncle (embracing, guarding) ; dmtig, emtig, easy, idle, empty 
 (pail, sack); O.H.G. amma nurse; O.N. aumm grandmother; M.H.G. 
 
 &me, 6me cask. R. yama ditch (2[i.apa) ; Lith. amzhis [circling] time ; 
 
 amzhinas eternal {amatis); (redup.) [amba], bamba navel; R. babka 
 
 grand-mother, mid-wife; Lith. imu, O.R. iman to take. It. fo-emaim 
 
 to receive ; ammus temptation (ensnaring) ; amm, aimser, Bret. amz6r 
 time; Gael, am, It., W., mam mother; O.C. Amma, Mamma mother; 
 Ammaia, Ammava, Ammilla;Ammius,Ammonius,Mammius, Mummius 
 foster-father (Eng. to mum, mumming = swaddling, disguise; It. bam- 
 bino cf . babka) ; Momonia = puTidveipa. 
 
 Sk. amas, amxis watery, raw; am to [melt away, languish], be sick; 
 yam. to whirl, curvet; imv, [iv, ibh] to fill, exhilarate; ibhyas rich; ibhas 
 
 elephant (water-loving) ; ■ubh, umbh to fill. Gk. a^^^oq, a[jia6os sand 
 
 (water-soaked); i/di^^d'^, i/6L^\f.a.^oz sand; (prefix i})iw to pulverize); 
 e'lf^ti) to drip, distil; f^ivt] bucket; J^avso to draw water; i^faxoi; mal- 
 low; f^iQpf? cress; T^t? ibis (water-bird); liAicfq {imv) mosqviito 
 
 (blood-sucker). Lat. iiber abundance, udder; ubertas luxuriance; 
 
 ob-esus fat; imbuo to dip, soak, water. A.S. impan, O.H.G. imphdn 
 
 to graft {imv) ; A.S. imp demon (Ijjiici?). R. iva willow. Ir. imbed, 
 
 immad abtmdance; eblim to nurse, nourish; inver, inber estuary; 
 O.C. Ibliomarus great-foster-father; Iblia. 
 
 Sk. [na] root of circling; [no] to twist, spin; waj/ to go [round], guard, 
 watch ; nas to be curved ; nam to curve, bend ; nal, nah to bind. 
 
 Sk. [na to twist, spin]; sndyus, sndvan sinew, bow-string; nana 
 
 [versatile], varied, much. Zd. fwa sinew, gut. Gk. veu, vi^^w to 
 
 spin; vYi(j.a thread; v^Tpov spindle. Lat. neo to spin; nemen yam; 
 
 netus thread. O. H. G. ndan to spin; n^da/a needle; Goth. nSthla 
 
 needle; A. S. netele nettle; O. N. sniHa to turn, twist, bind, meet, hurl 
 
 (pret. sniri); sndt [spinner], girl; snytrir molder, adomer. R. nit 
 
 thread; nitka cord; snyat to snatch away. Ir. sndth thread; 
 
— 22 — 
 
 sndthat needle ; snithe fillet ; W. niddu cord ; notuid needle ; Corn, snod 
 fillet; noden thread; Bret, neein, nezaff to spin; ned thread; nado^ 
 needle; ne twisting, turning; verse, rhyme; pretence. 
 
 Sk. snayus sinew; nay to go [round, encircle], guard; nayanas eye 
 (glancing, watchful) ; nlvl wrapping, loin-cloth ; nlv to be swollen (hips) ; 
 
 fat. Gk. VEOtAott to roam, wander, return; vac'u, vatexdo) to dwell 
 
 inhabit {versari, verkehren) ; vew, vyjew to roll together, heap up ; 
 , vat'o) to be full; vy]vsw (redup.) to heap a funeral pile; vew?, vad? temple 
 
 shrine, inner shrine (watched, enclosed). Goth, snivan, sniumyan to 
 
 turn around, turn quickly, speed; bi-nauan to rub round, grind" 
 O. N. snottung roaming; snotr (Goth, snutrs) wily, quick-witted, [tra- 
 velled], experienced. 
 
 Sk. [nav to curve, round, heap]; nlv to be swollen, large. Sk. 
 
 Zd. navan nine; Sk. navamas ninth, navati ninety. Gk. svvsa; evOToc- 
 
 evsvijxovTa (IvviQxovTa Homer). Lat. novem, nanus, nond-ginta 
 
 (gand, (otam to heap, hundred). Goth, niun; niunda; A.S. [nipan], 
 
 nigan; Fries, nigun. Lith. [nevyni],devyni (cf. nebesis,debesis cloud); 
 
 O.R. deventi, R. devyat; O.Pr. nevtnts ninth. Ir. n6i[n] nine; nomad 
 
 ninth; W., Cor., Bret, naw, nau. 
 
 Sk. nay to go round [curve, bend]; nayanas glancing eye; nu, nH 
 
 (naumi, navimi) to [bow, gesticulate], praise. Gk. vsiju to nod, beckon, 
 
 bend, turn toward; ytuax&Xju>, vuai:di;&) to brandish, threaten, nod' 
 
 sleep; v^aiaXo? sleepy (influenced by vu^). Lat. nuo, nuto.'innw 
 
 to nod, beckon, hint; numen deity {nii). 
 
 Sk. nu, nu now (this wink) ; nutanas, nutnas {tan to stretch, twang) 
 
 now, new, young; nunam now, surely (instant action, cf. nu-nin) 
 
 Zd. nu just now. Gk. vu, vuvf, vuv now. Lat. nunc [nun-a^] now 
 
 nu-dtusterttus It is now the third day; «m-;^ct- recently {pars). Goth' 
 
 nu; 0. H. G., A. S., O. N. M; Ger. nun now. O. R., R. Minei 
 
 now; R. nu come now! Ir. nu- no- prefix of present tense. 
 
 Sk. nu particle of [beckoning], interrogation, negative interrogation 
 and opposition (this? or that) ; nunam perchance; na- demonst. prefix 
 
 as, so. Lat. num,-ne,anne,an1 Goth, nei, niu^ncnne-> R 
 
 no but. Ir. n6, no or. if; ni-^a neither-nor; n& as; na, nach anyone, 
 
 anythmg; nl something; ni a thing, nechi things; nechtar one or the 
 other; W., Cor., Bret, nep, neb, neb-tra anything. 
 
 Sk. na, Ved. na not (shake of head, dissent ; or Zd. ana-, [na] neg.): 
 
— 23 — 
 
 [nav], no and not; ned that not. Zd. na not. Gk. viq- negative 
 
 prefix; VTQ-V£(jiia calm (avsjjLoq) ; viQ-Xitiqq sinless (dXtTsw) ; vri-Xe-qq merciless 
 (IXsId)) ; VYj-XsY'^q reckless (AXIyu) ; VT)-(jteuw to fast (I(r9£a)) ; viQ-ipo) to be 
 temperate (Stctw to touch) ; V(i-(p6a naphtha (Sxtw to kindle) ? viQ-xtoq = 
 infans (ixoe); vr^-YpsTo? unwaking (lysfpci)); V'wSd? toothless ((5So6s) ; 
 
 veoBuvos painless (dSiivT)). Lat. ne that not ; [ne- oenum], non not one, 
 
 no; nonne no? ne-fas evil; we»MO (ne-homo); nisi if not; M^^w^nor; 
 
 [nanne], annef is it not ? Goth. «e no, nor, not ; ni no, not, not ? ni-ha 
 
 a not; nih = neque; niu — nonne? O.H.G. ne,[ne-ein], neinno, not, none. 
 
 O.R. ne no, not; nezhe or, than; R. neit = non est; ne neg. prefix; ni 
 
 not; Lith. ne not; net though not. Ir. ni, ni not, nothing, nobody; 
 
 ni tho, na iho = non est, no ; na not ; mani if not ; na, nach, naicc no ; W. 
 ni, ny, nyt. Com. ny, Bret, ne not; Bret, nahein to deny. 
 
 Sk. WM now, at once, (possibly melting with snu to [bathe, refresh, 
 be verdant]) ; nutanas now, new, young ; navas, navyas namnas new, 
 
 fresh, young. Zd. nava new. Gk. vlo? new, young; vetdi; fallow 
 
 (resting, refreshed); vsapd? young, fresh, new; [vsfpos], ve^pd? fawn; 
 vsSvfa?, vlS^ lad, youth; veoaad? chick (octje two-eyes); veipov [latest], 
 last (Hesych.); volu to originate, devise, think; vou? mind; [aa-veoq, 
 fivso?], 5vew, lvve(5<;, lved(; [like a child], dumb (melts with iv-au'w) ; 
 vw-Xeixli;, v(i)X£(ji,eo)i; (oX[ji,oi;) grinding disposition, incessant; vu-^eXiQ? 
 
 (/sXu?) tortoise-mind, slow. Lat. novus new; novissimus most recent, 
 
 last ; novellus news {Noel!) ; [nov-ventius], nuntius new-comer, messenger 
 [nov-arceo], noverca "keep the lads in order," step-mother; novalis 
 
 this year's harvest [deXsw]; de-nuo anew. Goth, niuyis, A. S. nive, 
 
 niove new. Lith. nauyes, O.R. novu new. Ir. nUe, nuide new; 
 
 ndi-diu child (Sk. diw to play, Ir. diuit simple) ; niiall shout (nouvelles!) ; 
 W. newydd young; O.C. Novia, Noviomagus, [Novi-ventum], Noviantum 
 or Novigentum (the /: becoming g) New market {Nogent, 27 in France) ; 
 Novellidcus, Noilidcus (Neuille, 20) ; Nevius, Nevirnum, Nebis. 
 
 Sk. WM now, at once; nau (dual number) we two; nas (ace. plu.) 
 
 we [here, the present speakers]. Zd. nd. Gk. vwT (vwtv) dual. 
 
 Lat. nos, nobis; noster our (afsTepos, p. 15). O. R. na (stem of 
 
 dual and plu.). Ir. ni we (nathar gen) ; W. ni, ny; Bret, ni, nini we. 
 
 Sk. ni- down (nodding, winking); ni (nayishydmi) to (beckon on), 
 lead; ntthas leader; nins, niksh to [bend forward, flash eye], kiss; 
 nishkas weight (bowing scale) ; nishk to weigh, measure ; nig to ponder, 
 
 reflect; ntkas low; niga [nodding-time], night; nis [falling] out. Gk. 
 
 vaf yes (nod); V15 [yes] by [Zeus]; veCatpot lower belly; vsa-coi; lowest; 
 
— 24 — 
 
 f(][im6q lowest, hindmost ; vetxiw to quarrel (flash out, gesticulate) ; 
 
 dv.ti victory; veTxXov, vfxXov -winnowing-shovel. Lat. conniveo to 
 
 svink; nicto, nictito to wink, twinkle, flash; ni[c]tor (nisus, nixus) 
 to make an effort towards, dash forward; ni[c\teo, ni[g\deo to glance, 
 
 ?mile, sparkle; nidor, nitor sparkle, brightness. Gar. neigen to bend; 
 
 Vm a wink. R. voz-nikat to start up; po-niknut to glance down; 
 
 fyo-nizhat to lower, descend; sniskivat to win, gain; niva plain; nizhniy 
 
 ower. Ir. ma hero, chieftain; wf[c]i/f nobleman ; conflict; wot5 flash- 
 
 .ng, noble; O.C. Netos, Netta god of war; Nitiobriges; Nida (six rivers; 
 ^ith, Nidda, sparkling) ; Nicer, Nicres, Nictrenses. 
 
 Sk. nay to go round; [na- to twist, spin; O. N. 5Mi2a to twist, hurl; 
 \notr quick]; Sk. snu (snaumi) to [eddy, speed], flow; snd to bathe, 
 ;pulen, Wash off; snavas current; snutas flowing; nud to whirl, hurl, 
 
 plunge]. Zd. fndd to wet. Gk. veu to swim; veuonqp diver; vdo) 
 
 [Hom. vat'w) to flow; devao? ever-flowing; NdTOS rain- wind, south- 
 vest; vdTio? moist; voTt't^u to wet; vafjia liquid, spring; Natd?, Naiad; 
 lYjd? sea-monster, ichthyosaurus; viao?, vouooq [melting, wasting] sick- 
 iess,plague ; viixw to swim (cf . cixdw, (T(J«]Xti)) ; [vif)XX"'^°?]> vi^xuto? full-flow- 
 
 ng (xijw); vijaaa duck. O. H. G. snuzan to blow the nose; sni^ze 
 
 inout; Goth, natyan to wet (cf. gnad); nas wet; vein-nas drunk. 
 
 i. snovat to well up. Ir. sndim to swim; sndmach buoyant; snuad 
 
 itiesim. ; snim [dripping, pining] distress, grief; [s]neim poison (cf. viuo?) ; 
 ^nam-luihir swift-current; W. nawf, Bret, nean, neu swiinming; Bret. 
 louiein to anoint; O.C. Novios, Novia, Novisona rivers; Naccara 
 Qarsh; Nassania fountain 
 
 Sk. nas, nasa nose (bent; beak). Gk. v^ao? (beak, prow, promon- 
 
 ory), island. Lat. nasus nose; Naso, Nasica. O. H. G. ndsa; 
 
 ). N. nos nose, nes promontory; Eng. snout, snooze, sneeze, nese. 
 
 I. nos nose, beak, prow, promontory; nozdrya nostril. 
 
 Sk. naus ship, boat ; nduka skiff. 0. Pers. ndvi ship. Gk. vau? 
 
 hip; vauTY]? sailor; vauafa, vaurfa nausea. Lat. navis ship; ndvita, 
 
 ■auta sailor; navigare. O. H. G. nacho, A. S. naca, Bav. naw ship; 
 
 ). N. Nda-tUn ship-town; naust boat-house. Gall. Novantes sailors 
 
 Mull of Cantyre to Ireland) ; Tri-novantes, Trinobantes sailing across the 
 Channel (W. tra across); Nabalia, [Navalia] mouth of Rhine; [Nav- 
 Icus], Nahelcus Mars (protector of boatmen, arx, ale) ; nausum a barge ; 
 lavia, Nabia, Navissos, Nab-aros rivers; Navi-cella landing. 
 
 Sk. nay to go round; [na to twist] (developing in vt^Bw to spin, 
 nd Celtic snath, snaidm, niddu, noden); Sk. nat to whirl, brandish, 
 
— 25 — 
 
 gesticulate; nadas reed (twisting, binding cf. (j^oivo? rush, rope); 
 nodi stem, pipe, vein, gut; nadam, nodi channel, river; nid, nidas, 
 [nyandhas] nest (woven, twisted cf . nay) ; nid to be [wrapped round] close, 
 
 near. Armen. nist nest. Gk. vuxov (form ndt) back-bone, chine 
 
 of men and beasts, [curve, coil]; vutiI^g) to turn away; vwei^q, vwOpoi; 
 [coiled, hibernating], sluggish, torpid ; vtqSuijlo? [coiled], profound [sleep]; 
 
 viqSiii;, vi^Suta gut, entrails. Lat. natrix adder; nidus nest. O. N. 
 
 nadhr snake ; naudh, fetter, force, need ; neydha to compell ; naut bark of 
 tree (wrapping) ; nautr [close] companion ; A. S. nidh [entrails ; lower 
 body] ; depth ; nidher below ; nidh mortal man ; ntdhing contemptible ; 
 Goth, ga-niutan to enclose, grasp, catch; nuta fisher; nati net; niihyis 
 comrade, kinsman; nauths need; naudi-bandi fetter; nota stem (vuxov) ; 
 
 O.H.G. not need; O.H.G. nest, A.S. nist nest. Lith. nendre reed; R. 
 
 nado it is necessary ; neidro fold, bosom ; nod- down. Ir. nathir snake ; 
 
 noudh wattled hut; Ir. nett or nead, W. nyth. Corn, neid, nyth, Bret. 
 nez, nest; W., Cor., Bret, nant [gut], gully, glen, ravine, valley; O.C. 
 Nedienses, Nedinates, Nidenses (nesters, homers) ; Nida river; Nid-alfa 
 river-god (ribhus) ; Nantoialus sweet vale {vri, volo; Nanteuil, 
 Nantilly, 26 in France); Nantuates = Vallenses, Vaudois. 
 
 Sk. nat to [whirl, brandish], gesticulate, dance, flash out, fall, 
 act, [strike], harm; natas actor; nud to whirl, speed, drive ; nod to fall ; 
 nad to call to, shout, flash; ninddas din; nand to rejoice, salute, ex- 
 hilarate; nandis joy, sport; nanandar sister-in-law (play-mate, cf. 
 devaras brother-in-law, div to play, implying child-marriage) ; ndndi 
 prologue of play; nddh to desire; ndth to desire, request; to be mighty; 
 reign; to be [cast down], weak, sick; ndthas guardian; [nand, nan 
 to benefit, delight]; nand mother (Vedic). Gk. 8-veiSo? fame, reputa- 
 tion (d=5M good); 6vlni\).i, '6vr]\).i to benefit, delight, enjoy (melts with 
 van); vtivva aunt; vevvo;, vivvo? uncle; vavo? dwarf, buffoon; Ndvvtov 
 courtesan; vavvdptov spendthrift; vavfa?, vavixo?, veavfa? youth (melt 
 with vedq) ; vsvfrjXoi;, vevd? childish, foolish; Vfjvfa poem, eulogy, dirge. 
 
 Lat. nundinae festivals, holidays; nanus dwarf; Ital. nanna 
 
 grandmother; ninni-nanna lullaby. Goth, niihan to benefit; niihyis 
 
 kinsman; ana-nauthyan to drive, force; ana-nanthyan to venture; 
 ga-nanthyan to [fall, fail], cease; A. S. nedd welcome, courtesy; ge- 
 nyttian, nedtan to accept, enjoy, use; nyt useful; 0. N. niota, A. S. 
 ge-nydan to drive, force; Ger. geniessen to enjoy; Ger. nutzlich 
 useful; 0. N. snaedha to eat; snddh food; nidh new moon (luck) ; nadh 
 
 grace, favor (Ger. Gnade \ge-nade\). Lith. nauda gain, wealth. 
 
 Ir. notidh mirth, triumph, glory, increase ; snadim to protect, defend 
 (brandish spear) ; snad to swim (waving arms) ; snuad beauty, color. 
 
— 26 — 
 
 omplexion hair; snass elegance, ornament; ndth a poem; [nind], 
 .inach delightful; nena an inch (thumbkin, dwarf); proper names 
 Joda, Nuada, W. NMh, Nud, Bret. Nuz glorious, rich; O.C. Nodons 
 Judons god of wealth; Nodos, Nudus = rich; Nantos god of martial 
 lory; Nennius, Nannius, Nonnius; {nonna = dear sister). 
 
 Sk. (intens. of last) nind, nid, ned to [brandish, gesticulate, shake fist] ; 
 
 o insult, revile, scorn; nud, nad, to cast down, fall. Zd. nad to scorn. 
 
 Gk. ovsiSoq rebuke, reproach, shame; vdSo? bastard (outcast, ex- 
 
 >osed to die). Lat. nudus wretched, destitute, naked. Goth. 
 
 laiteins reviling, blasphemy; ga-naityan to shame; O. N., A. S. nidh 
 aalice, hatred, scorn; A. S. nidh zeal, envy, effort, war; ge-nidhlatoe; 
 
 jer. neiden to envy. R. nad- [hurled] down. Ir. nith, neit, nedit 
 
 leadly wound, battle; N6t, Neit god of war (defiance) ; Bret, nodein to 
 Ltter, give birth (of wild animals ; cf . v66o?) . 
 
 Sk. snu to eddy, flow, spulen; sna to bathe; ninv to irrigate; nlv to 
 »e fat ; [ninh], ni^, nin^ to clean, wash, care for child, feed (cf . pinv 
 o pour out, ptv to be fat ; melting with nins, niksh, [nig] to sparkle, 
 
 :iss) ; snuh to [pour out], vomit. Gk. [vigTu], vfi^u, vi'xtw to wet, 
 
 vash; vfxtpov washing water; vnrriQp wash-basin; [tjvnct], ofvaxi, vaicu, 
 nustard (sneezer); vain) glen, ravine (mountain's nose, running 
 
 ti winter) ; viyXapos boatswain's whistle (cf. snicker). Lat. Neptunus 
 
 he head of the sun (placidum caput) rising, fresh-washed, from ocean 
 
 ike KeipaXo? and the head of Bran. Eng. to snifE, snuff (afvaxt) ; 
 
 xer. schnauhen to snort; Eng. to snicker, sniggle; A. S. nicor nixie, 
 rater-god; Eng. to sneak, snake, snatch, a snack; snuggle, snug; Ger. 
 
 ichnecke snail. R. snokhat to sniff, take snuff. Ir. nigim to wash 
 
 ^echt sea-god; O.C. Niskai nymphs; [Nixincii] Nisincii hot springs; 
 ^issona; Vindo-nissa; Niger, Nicer, [Nigveris], Niveris rivers; 
 Nigvalis], Nivalis potter (smoother; Fr. niveau, niveller). 
 
 Sk. same roots; to distil, anoint, be dainty, care for child; snih to be 
 at, oily; to love; snigdhas beloved; snehas oil, love; snuM to favor, be 
 
 )ropitious; snus to eat; nins, niksh to kiss (p. 23). Gk. vIxTap wine 
 
 )f gods, ointment, perfume, honey; vwyaXa sweets, dainties. Lat. 
 
 tiger [anointed, glittering], black (cf. bhrd^, black, blanc, blank). 
 
 ).N. [Nigals], Nidls, Nils. R. neizhniy delicate, dainty ; neiga dainti- 
 
 less; neizhit to pet. Gael, noigean ale-pot, noggin; O.C. Necteriusf, 
 
 '^equres, Negalo, Nigellius, Niellus (O'Niel). 
 
 Sk. snih to anoint, melt; nins, niksh to [sparkle]; nthdras frost, 
 nist. Zd. (nizh to snow. Gk. v(<pa snow; vlipei, vsffst it snows; 
 
— 27 — 
 
 v£^a snow; a spring (cf. xafo? frost, xy)yi5 spring). Lat. ningit, ninguit 
 
 it snows; [nigvis], ninguis, nix (nivis) snow. Goth, snaivs, O.H.G. 
 
 snio snow; O.H.G. sniwit it snows; O.N. [snaevs, snaevr], snaer snow 
 
 (gen. snaevar, snaefar). Lith. snigti, sningti to snow; sneigas, O.R. 
 
 sneigu snow; Lith. snaigala snowflake. Ir. snigid it drops, rains; 
 
 snechta snow; O.C. Niger, Nicer river 1 
 
 Sk. snuH to favor; [snukshd], snushd daughter-in-law; snus to eat 
 
 [dainties]. Gk. [ctvujo?], vu6<; daughter-in-law. Lat. [snusus], 
 
 nurus daughter-in-law; [snustrio], nutrio to feed, nurse, nourish; 
 
 nutrix nurse. O.H.G. snur, A.S. snor daughter-in-law. O.R. 
 
 snukha. 
 
 Sk. [nd to twist, spin]; nay to encircle, guard; snayus sinew; 
 nayanas [glancing] eye ; nas to be curved, wind ; nds to [whirl, rattle], 
 sound; [nd-ri, nar to encircle, revolve]; [narv], narb to move, revolve, 
 circle ; narman sport ; ndras [eddying] water ; nrit to dance round {spulen, 
 spielen) ; d-nrit to whirl, shake, brandish ; nri hero, man (cf . grl to 
 whirl, stir; gulas spear; guras hero); not to encircle, bind; nalas reed 
 [binder, o^^oTvoq, nddl]. 
 
 Sk. nas to be curved, wind, [to encircle, bring ends together, 
 meet, complete]; ndsaiydu the two returners, morning and evening 
 
 stars, Agvins. Gk. vso(Aat [nay] to come, go, return; viVjottat to fly, 
 
 sail, go; vomlo) to return home, return safely, complete, accomplish, 
 renew, become fresh [of water]; voaxo? coming home, return, [revolu- 
 tion], grist of mill, out-turn, success; vo(7ci(ji,(5(; restoring, refreshing, 
 wholesome ; NeaTwp rounded-life ; Neaao? returning dawn ; bears Deian- 
 eira (burn-her-husband) , the crescent moon, wife and death of her 
 husband, the sun, over night-river; his cloud-garments are reddened 
 by the shafts of the pursuing sun, and become the death of the sun 
 himself at his setting; v6aifi (ablative temiination-6/fw) turned away, 
 apart ; voaiptl^oiJiat to set apart ; sweep away, steal. Lat. nassa drag- 
 net (encompassing). A.S. nedsan to seek out; ga-nesan to reach the 
 
 end, escape happily, succeed, remain at last; Goth, ga-nisan to recover; 
 ga-nasyan, nasyan to heal, deliver, save; O.N. niosna to roam, explore; 
 veg-nest provisions for the way; O.H.G. nest to recover; [nasa], nara 
 food; A.S. nest [return home], nest; Ger. Schneuss a noose (nassa). 
 
 R. nosit to run round, fly round, float, bring home, carry, lay eggs 
 
 [in nest]; Lith. neshu to bring, carry; nashta burden. Ir. nassad 
 
 gathering, assembly, festival ; nds [track, course], custom, habit, fashion ; 
 O.C. Noso, Nosonius, Nasso, Nasta. 
 
— 28 — 
 
 Sk. nay to go round; sndyus, snavan sinew, bow-string; Zd. gna, 
 Cn&vare- (by metathesis gnarvi, cf. Sk. sthdvaras firm, sthairyam firm- 
 ness), sinew, gut; Sk. [narv], narb to revolve. Gk. veijpov sinew, cord; 
 
 vsupa bow-string. Lat. nervus sinew; nerviae lute-strings; Nerva 
 
 strong, tense, firm ; Men[n]erva firm mind, character, wisdom. O.H.G. 
 
 snara, snuor noose, snare; narwa seam, scar; Goth, at-snarpyan to 
 grip, touch; snoryo basket; O.N. snoeri cord; snara to twist; snar, snor 
 brave {nri); snerra battle; snart quick; sniallar skilful, wise, brave; 
 nyorva to draw tight, narrow; A.S. nearo narrow, near, mean; Eng. 
 
 sneer, snarl to twist, pucker. Lith. ndras limb; narinu to make a 
 
 noose; R. snaryazhat to gird, equip; iz-nuryat to relax, weaken. Ir. 
 
 ndr [repressed], bashful; Bret, neirf dough; O.C. Nervii (strong); 
 Nervinae (goddesses) ; Nirvanius, Nirbanium, Norvius, Morbus, Narbo, 
 Noreia, Norici, Norisius. 
 
 Same root, Gk. vsupo^JL'^'ipat, [vs/:po[Ji^Tpat], vs(ppo(ji.^Tpai mothers-of- 
 sinew, tension, the muscles of the loins, associated with back-ache; 
 hence V£9pu, veijpot kidneys, testicles; (9 for p as in (pfxairi, ipEffipEpo?, (J9ue, 
 
 alpiYYCi)). Lat. [nevrundines], nebrundines, nefrundines kidneys, 
 
 testicles with / for v as in [vlaccus], flaccus; -undo for unda as in 
 [h]arundo. O.H.G. niero kidney. 
 
 Sk. [narv] to go round; nal to bind; nalas reed, rush (binder); 
 nalas, nalt, nalinam, nalinl lotus stem ; ndltkas, ndrakas stalk, shaft, dart ; 
 nalakam [hollow] bone ; [nayli], nlll, nllinl indigo ; nllds blue ; nil to be 
 
 a jungle, tangled. Gk. vap6if)^ [reed-box, hollow-joint], narthex stalk; 
 
 NeiXoi; from papyrus? O.C. Nailos river. 
 
 Sk. \narv to circle, eddy]; ndras, [nayras], nlram water. 
 
 Gk. vapd?, VYjpd? flowing, liquid; Nfipeu? sea-god; [vap-oxiQ], 
 vapxY) [water-sting], electric eel; palsy; {ndrdkasl); vap-xiaao? [thirst- 
 ing for water; (x(a<ja)] narcissus; vapTctXo? vase (-rXaw); vtqpIty)? sea- 
 snail; Ni^piTO? island ; vY^ptov oleander. Lat. Nar river. Lith. naras 
 
 diver; nardau to plunge; R. nor burrow, hole [whirling, boring]. 
 
 Bret, nerein to spawn, multiply, people; O.C. Nerios god of hot 
 
 springs; Neriomagus; Aquae Neri {Niris les Bains); Nerion, prom.; 
 Nerusii (uisce), Ner-issa; Nersihenae (nymphs). 
 
 Sk. [narv to revolve]; nrit to dance round; d-nrit to stir, sway 
 round; nri, naras hero, man; ndri [noble] woman; nrimnam valor; 
 
 naryas manly ; nritamas most manly. Zd. nar, nara man; nairya 
 
 manly. Gk. dvTip man; [dvpeto?], dtvSpeloi; manly; dsvSpefa, iQVopiij 
 
— 29 — 
 
 manliness; dsy-iqvwp courageous (p. 5.); Sabine Nero[n] brave; nerio 
 
 courage; Nerio Mars; Nortia valor. A.S. snyrian to make an 
 
 effort (melts with narv, cf. marv, mri) ; nerian to rescue, free, 
 [make a man]; O.H.G. Norinc, Nwvrinc; O.Ger. Nertha goddess; 
 O.N. Norn goddess; Nyordr god; norroena north-wind, Norse; nordhr 
 
 north (invigorating). R. nrav character; nravi morals. Ir. 
 
 nerf strength, valor; 5M-wgri! brave; W. weriAoMC strong; Bret, [nerth], 
 nerh force (melts with nervus); O.C. Nertus, Nertinus, Nertdcus, 
 Nerio-briga. 
 
 Sk. [nd] to twist; nay to encircle, guard; nas to wind, curve; 
 [inceptive forms nans, nanh], naksh to grip, seize, win ; nakhas, nakha- 
 ras claw ; nakk to [grip], destroy, kill ; nag to die, perish ; nakh, nankh 
 to [seek to attain], go ; nakt-, nig night (encircling camp-fire ; gripping, 
 baneful; coiling dragon) ; nah to bind. 
 
 Sk. nakhas, nakham, nakharas, [forms nang, nan^, nava-hf, nug], 
 
 nail, claw (gripping, piercing, cf. pag, pdngus, pango, pungo). Gk. 
 
 ovu^ (ovuxos) nail, claw, hook, hoof, flesh-colored onyx; vuffcro) (vu^u) 
 to prick, claw, wound; vaaau (vd^u) to press, crush, pack; vaaxo? 
 packed tight, dense ; vdxo? fleece (clawed, picked, plucked, cf . Ttsxio, ■rcdx.o? ; 
 
 vello, vellus) ; <ic-vdtYy.7) necessity (d intensive) . Lat. unguis, ungula 
 
 nail, claw, hoof (cf . Celtic) ; necessitas [gripping, clamping] necessity 
 ("clavos trabales") ; nugari to [scratch like whelp], play, trifle; nuga, 
 
 naucus trifle ; nux nut (hard to crush ; tough-bite) ; nucleus kernel. 
 
 O.N. naga to gnaw; Goth, ga-naglyan to fasten with spikes; bi-nauhan 
 to be obliged, have a right {necesse) ; ga-nohs enough (fist-full) ; bi-nau- 
 [h]an to crush; nauh [seizing] more, further, yet; O.N. nogl nail, claw; 
 nogr enough; A.S. ge-naegan to attack, crush, oppress; Eng. to nudge 
 
 (press, poke) ; nugget (nucleus) ; nick. Lith. nagas, O.R. noguti nail, 
 
 claw; R. nogot nail; nozhka paw; noga foot; nozh knife (cf. knife, 
 yvdicTu); po-nukat to claw, goad, push; pro-nikat, pro-nzii to pierce; 
 
 nuzhda necessity; nazhat, nazhimat to press, squeeze, gall. Ir. inga 
 
 (plu. ingneo), W. eguin nail, claw; Ir. ness wound; [pike], pole; Bret. 
 negein to tickle; naii[g\ein to scratch, scrape, pare. 
 
 Same root. Sk. na^ to be [plucked, stripped], ashamed ; naganas 
 
 naked. Goth, naqaths; O. N. naktr. Lith. nogas, R. •wag-naked. 
 
 Ir. nocht naked. 
 
 Sk. nakk to [grip, pounce], destroy, kill; nakras crocodile; nag 
 {nagydmi p.p. nashtas) to perish; caus. (nagaydmi) to destroy; ndngas 
 
— 30 — 
 
 destruction, death; nanfukas destructive; nashtrd ruin, danger. Zd. 
 
 MOfM corpse; nagista most destructive. Gk. vlxu? corpse; vexuta 
 
 funeral sacrifice; vsxptS? dead; vdso?, voiJao? destruction (by whirlwind, 
 
 trident); bane, plague, sickness (melts with snu). Lat. nex death; 
 
 neco to kill; noceo to injure; noxa mischief, evil. Goth, naus (gen. 
 
 navis) dead; M. H. G. neisen to plague, destroy; O. N. n&r (gen. n&s, 
 
 ndss) corpse. O. R. [nagus, nahvus], navi dead. Ir. ness wound ; 
 
 furnace ; weasel ; Bret, nekig maggot (vsxpocpdtYO?) ; >^^> n^hans grief ; nech 
 pining; nes injury; O. C. Neco, Nexius. 
 
 Sk. nak, naktis, [nag, nyag], nig, nigd night; naktam by night. 
 
 Zd. nakthuru, nakhtru of night. Gk. vu^ night; vuxxMp (wpa). 
 
 vuxxepo? by night, nightly; v^xto? {nag) nightly, gloomy. Lat- 
 
 nox night; noctu by night; nocturnus; noctua owl. Goth, nahts, 
 
 A. S. neaht, niht night. r- Lith. naktis, O. R. noshti, R. mo^. Ir. 
 
 in-noct, in-nocht to-night; Bret, noz night. 
 
 Sk. nakh to [povmce, grip], go, move; naksh to go, approach, attain, 
 win; nag (nagdmi) to attain, win; nakulas ichneumon (tracker); 
 
 nangukas destructive. Gk. xXso-vexxlw to grasp at more, be 
 
 avaricious, win advantage, privilege; Na^o? harbor. Lat. nanciscor 
 
 (p.p. nancius,nactus) to attain, win ; Osc. nesimois = proximis. Goth. 
 
 bi-nauhan to win a privilege, have a right, be allowed; ga-nohs enough; 
 
 nehvyan sik to approach; nehva near; A. S. nedh nigh, nShst next. 
 
 R. nazhivat to acquire. Ir. [do-anac], tanac I [reached the end], 
 
 arrived; ad-nacul tomb (long home); a-ngim, inf. a-nacul to shelter 
 (welcome home) ; tindnachim [do-ind-nag] to [cause to attain], be 
 generous, give; tindnacul bounty; co-im-nactar they were able; nessa, 
 W., Bret. we55a^ nearest ; Bret, neij soaring, flight. 
 
 Sk. nah {nahydmi, natsydmi; the latter form connecting with vi^Ou) 
 
 to [grip], bind, buckle on, fasten. Gk. vaaaw to grip, pack. Lat. 
 
 necto to bind, fasten. Ir. nascitn to bind, chain; nasc ring, bond. 
 
 Sk. nay to move round; nu to nod, beckon on; ni to lead, carry 
 (p. 23) ; caus. ndpaye to cause to bear; [nap to cause to bear; to gener- 
 ate; cf. bhri to bear in womb, cause to bear, beget, give birth]; napdt, 
 
 naptri descendant, grandson; naptl daughter, granddaughter. 
 
 Zd. napat, napiar descendant; napti kinship; naptya family. Gk. 
 
 vlic-oSs? [ol^oq sprout, scion, descendant], brood, posterity; i-vBi^i6<; [x 
 
 synth.] sister's son. Lat. nepos {-otis) grandson, heir, spendthrift; 
 
 neptis, leptis granddaughter. O. N. nefi brother, nephew; nift sister; 
 
— 31 — 
 
 0. H. G. nefo grandson, relative; wtyiti/a granddaughter; Goth. ni{f]thyis 
 
 kinsman (influenced by Slav.) ; A. S. nefa nephew. O. R. ne[p]tiy 
 
 nephew; Boh. ne[p]ti (stem neter) niece. Ir. necht, Corn. no[p\it 
 
 granddaughter; Ir. m[p]ae (gen. niath), W. ney (plu. neyeint) nephew; 
 Bret, ni (plu. nied) nephew, descendant; 0. C. Nappi-setu grandson of 
 Setu; Nap-sinius (Sennius); Napo-leone {llawen joyful)? 
 
 Sk. nabh to [whirl, hurl, bore], wound, kill; namb to go [round], 
 move; nabh bore, orifice; nabhanus spring, fountain; nabhyam hub; 
 ndbhis navel, hub of wheel, calf, posterity (generated); ndbhilam 
 
 orifice of navel, private parts. Gk. vuiifJo? bridegroom (generator) ; 
 
 (on change of vowel cf. Sk. nabhas cloud; Lat. nubis, implying forms 
 [nabh, nabhabh, navabh, niibh]; cf. nay, nu p. 22); viifjwpir) bride; vu[i,ip(ov 
 
 bridal chamber; yu\^-r\ water-orifice, spring, water-goddess. Lat. nubo, 
 
 to msLTry ; nubilis marriageable; nebula licentious, spendthrift. 0..N. 
 
 nafar auger; O. S. nafa nave; O. H. G. naba nave; nabulo navel. 
 
 O. Pruss. nobis nave, navel; R. nabivat to tire a wheel, hoop a cask, 
 
 round out, heap, stuff. Bret, nifl well-jointed, polished? 0. C. 
 
 Nabaros river (or Nav-araf) 
 
 Sk. namb to circle, globe, move round; nam to curve, bow down, 
 adore; nabhas cloud, mist, atmosphere (globing cf. Slipu, S^^fo?; 
 
 clothe, clod, cloud); nabhasyas, cloudy, misty. Gk. veipo?, vapsXy) 
 
 cloud; vapdfa) to become cloudy; [Nj^w^tq], Niw^y) mountain-haunting 
 mother of clouds; her children are slain by the sun's shafts and she 
 
 melts in rainy tears. Lat. nubes cloud; nubilus cloudy; nebula 
 
 mist. 0. N. nifl-, O. H. G. nebal, nibel mist, cloud; A. &. ge-nip 
 
 cloud, mist, darkness. O. R. nebo (stem nebes), R. nebo, nebesa 
 
 heaven; R. nebo palate of mouth (vault, ceiling); Lith. debesis 
 
 cloud (cf. devyni for nevyni nine; p. 22). Ir. {nebl}, n6l cloud; nell, 
 
 nioll holy trance; ndeb, ndem holy; Bret, nivleniog. 
 
 Aryan '[/nam to curve, arch, bend, bow, honor, worship ; to encircle, 
 enclose, consecrate; to grasp, gain, snatch back, revenge, hate; to 
 hand round the circle, distribute, count, name, feed, feed and count 
 sheep, glance round, act as shepherd, govern, repeat an action, be usual, 
 lawful. 
 
 Sk. nam to bend, curve, bow, salute, adore; nemis wheel, circum- 
 ference; nemas circle, boundary, portion. Zd. nimata [pasture], 
 
 grass; nemanh bowing down; honor, [gratitude], debt. Gk. vii>^iiu> 
 
 to whirl, brandish, steer, reflect, pass round, distribute food; (hence 
 ndman name; camp-fire roll-call, apportioning food and prey); vi\j.u> 
 
— 32 — 
 
 to distribute, give, feed sheep, pasture, possess, rule ; voiieiio to pasture; 
 vo(i.sijc; divider, portioner, shepherd; vo[>.&<; grazing, roving; wi^6<; 
 pasture, possession ; v6\).o<; government, law, holy music, hymn ; v6\>.i(s\i.(x 
 circulation, lawful coinage; vl(xo? cattle-range, glade; Ne[ila; vl[A£ats 
 award of the gods, destiny; paying back, revenge; vstxettop avenger; 
 vk[i.-f]ai<; award of lands; vs;ji.£J!ja(i), V£f.£<Ji'^o(Aat to brood revenge, hate. 
 
 Lat. Numitor, Numa shepherd-king, portioner, ruler; numerus, 
 
 (Osc. Niumsieis) [counting mouths or sheep], number (cf. SevSEXXu to 
 glance [from sheep to sheep], to tell, zdhlen) ; Numerius; netnus sacred 
 grove, sheep-range; Nemi; numen apportioner, deity (v(0[AaM nomen); 
 
 [nom-dinae], nundinae holy days. Goth., A. S. niman to receive 
 
 one's portion, accept, seize, snatch, rob; Eng. numb = gn-pped; Goth. 
 anda-nems acceptable, angenehm; O. H. G. ndma booty, prey; O. N. 
 
 snemma dawn (revolving, recurring) ; Goth, sniwmyan to speed. 
 
 Lith. namas [possession], house; numas gain; Lettish nomr tax; 
 
 R. ob-nimat to embrace; s-nimat to take away. Ir. nem heaven 
 
 [arching, adored]; nemed sanctuary; nemid magistrate; ndem, ndeb 
 holy; [nyam], niam glory, hue; ndma enemy (marauder); an-nam 
 unoccupied land, wilderness? Bret, namein to deprive, rob; O. C. 
 Noebia; Nem-ausus, Nam-ausus, Nem-ossus Ntmes (Bains de Diane, 
 holy water; uisce); Namantius, Numantia, Namiorix, Nam[v]onius, 
 Nemetes; nemeton sanctuary; Nemetona Bellona (vejjieat?) . 
 
 Sk. naman name (roll-call for game and prey; an intensive prefix 
 is found in Arm., Gk., O. R., Ir., W. ; m becomes digamma in Arm., 
 O. N., W., and in Lat. nuncupo; n is lost after prefix in R. by assimi- 
 lation to imeit to possess) ; ndma by name, namely. Zd. ndman. 
 
 Arm. anwan. Gk. '6w\j.a, name (Aeol. ovufjia. Ion. ouvo(j.a); dv-wvufjio?, 
 
 v-wvu[ji.o<; nameless; dvotxaivw to name. Lat. nomen; Umbr. nume[n], 
 
 name (dat. nomne) ; Lat. ndmindre; nuncupdre {nomn-capio). Goth. 
 
 namo gen. namins name; namnyan (A. S. nemnan) to name; 0. N. 
 
 [namn, navn] nafn name; nefna to name. O. R. {inm£n\,imen name; 
 
 imenovati to name; R. imya name; n.eimoi dumb; \inmeit\, imeit to 
 possess (vofjidq). Ir. ainm, W. enw, Bret. [h]anil name. 
 
 Sk. dp, [ap, apd, pa] to grasp (cf. axo, ab, R. po p. i6); Sk. pa to 
 [encircle, grip], guard, shepherd, feed; pd {pivdmi, pibdmi) to drink; 
 pdyaydmi to cause to drink, water flock ; pydi, pydy to round out, grow 
 fat, strengthen; pi to go [round], round out, cause to swell, make 
 pregnant, fertilize; sphdy to round out, swell; sphitas swollen, turgid; 
 
— 33 — 
 
 piv to be fat, large; pinv to fill, irrigate, water; [piv, pav], pu to purify 
 [flow round, eddy, of water, wind, fire]. 
 
 Sk. pa {pdye, caus. pdlaydmi; developed by ri, li to move, act) 
 to [encircle, grip], guard [sheep], watch, feed, rule; pdyus herdsman; 
 
 go-pas cowherd, king; pdtram [food] vessel; panas protection. Zd. 
 
 p&yu protector; paya pasture. Gk. xaicao) to handle; icio^jLai to get, 
 
 acquire; oicdw to grip, tear; to suck, inhale; xdi6vY), (piirvT) manger; xuii 
 flock; x(5a, xofir) grass; xoi[j.iqv shepherd; [xaxxafvw], xaxxafvu (redup.) 
 to [watch one's flock], watch earnestly ; x(£xxo<; grandfather (coddler) ; 
 xdxxa? daddy; xoisu to effect, produce, make, do; xofrjan;, xofif](jia deed, 
 work, production, fiction, poem ; dya-xaci) to [feed, nurse diligently], love ; 
 xai? blood-relation ; xawTig? [shepherd], kinsman ; Ilav (gen. Ilavcii;) shep- 
 herd-god (melts with pdvana purifying air, breeze) ; xavfa [pasturage], 
 food, abundance; xlvo[ji.at to seek one's bread, toil, be exhausted, suffer, 
 be poor (cf. sxaw to grasp, pant for) ; xev-laTY)? (home of toil, kaxia.) 
 peasant; xsvyjs laborer; xevfa poverty; axdvi? dearth; xetvdo) {ya intens.) 
 to be hungry ; ■^xavdu to need (a intens.) ; xdvo? toil, exhaustion, 
 suffering; xovlu to toil, suffer, inflict suffering; xvlw to pant after, long 
 for (cf. oxdti) to suck, xEvu to quaff) ; to inhale, breathe, blow; xotxvuo> 
 to puff, bustle, be eager; xvoi^ breath, blast, vapor, odor; xveu^jkov lung; 
 xvsijij.a wind, spirit ; xovfjpdi; wretched, worn out, worthless, bad, cruel ; 
 xoiviq wage, pay; damages for injury, blood-fine, punishment; %y\\x(x 
 (uxdu) woe, ruin; xir][i,«fv6) to ruin, harm; xaTEO(jLat to eat; axotoTo? 
 
 without food; ([jwfxdiw to feed a child; (j;toyi.d? food, bit. Lat. pascor 
 
 to feed, graze; pabulum food, fodder; pastor shepherd; pomum [pdvi- 
 mum] fruit ; [pasnis], pdnishresid ; panicum millet ; Messapian xavd? bread ; 
 penus food, larder, [inner store-room, SiQCTauptSi;] ; sub-petit there is 
 food [in the cellar; xatEOfJiai]; suppedito to supply; penes at the house; 
 Pendtes household gods; penetro to go in, penetrate; penuria thrift, 
 hard-living, need {avaras, -urio, desid. form); poena fine; poenitet to 
 
 regret loss, yearn (cf. Goth, infeinan). Goth, fodyan to feed; 
 
 fodeins food ; [fein thin, poor] ; infeinan to pity ; O. H. G. fnehan to pant ; 
 fnast breath; O.N. foedha to feed, nurture, give birth; /05/ra to foster. 
 
 Lith. pemu herdsman; penas food; penu nourishment; petus 
 
 mid-day meal; O. R. pitaii to feed; R. past mouth; pastva flock; 
 past[v]ir shepherd; pitaniy, pisMa food; pishkukha hare (browser). 
 
 Ir. [p]ith com, food, porridge; ithim to eat; ithir corn-land; 
 
 pit a meal; patu hare; Bret. [p]ioud porridge; pitaud rich; W. pitu, 
 Fr. petit [nursling], little; O. C. Patavium, Petavion, Poetovion, 
 (fruitful) ; Poetius, Pitius, Poemana, Paemani; Panidcum (Pagny 10 in 
 France) ; Panno, Pannonii; Povisi {Powys in Wales). 
 
 3 
 
— 34 — 
 
 Sk. pa {pami, pivdmi, pibdmi, pishami) to [swallow eagerly], 
 drink; pdyayami to water flock, plants; patram drinking vessel; 
 
 pdnam drink ; [s]phan to skim milk ; phenas foam ; pitas drunk. Gk. 
 
 x!v(o (itexuxa) to drink (Aeol. icuvo)) ; luiTO?, %6\^ai, icdai?, xwita drink; 
 [xi/raXoe], itueXo? drinking-trough ; xuavo? porridge; axdto to suck; dtjxdl^w 
 to [smack], kiss, salute (a euphon.) ; 'j'fw to eat pap; xlvov beer; xfvo? 
 scum, filth? xixiaxo) to cause to drink, water; xcaoi; meadow; IlToa low- 
 lands. Lat. poto to drink ; poculum cup ; [pivo, pibo], bibo to drink 
 
 (cf. ci{X(5, ah) ; patera bowl (patram) ; [pavitris], putris [well-watered], 
 
 fertile. O. H. G. spanian to milk (uxdw) ; spunni udder; A. S. spann 
 
 teat; span [milk] spoon; Eng. spawn (scum); A. S. fdm, O. H. G. 
 
 feim foam (spuma). O. R. pitito drink; pivo drink; na-poiti to cause 
 
 to drink; R. p&ilo drink for animals (xueXo?) ; pyaneit to get drunk; 
 pitukh drunkard; piyavka leech; peinit to foam (of new milk, Sk. 
 phenas) ; peinka scum on boiled milk; Lith. pota revelry; penas milk. 
 
 Ir. \p'\ibim to drink; [pivan] uan foam; lian sucking lamb, fresh 
 
 grass, verdure (xda) ; ian mug; oal, dibela open mouth (xijeXo?) ; W. 
 [piveneu], ieneu lips; Bret, iv-et, ivein to drink; ivaj drink; evrein to 
 swallow, eat, drink; (French ivre); paut abundance; iein (Cor. yen) 
 [foam], hoarfrost, cool, cold? O. C. Pitius; Pisavae, Pisaurum. 
 
 Sk. pivdmi I drink; [pav to nurse a child, give suck]; [pavatra], 
 potra snout; [pavitras], putras son; putri daughter; pdutras grandson; 
 
 potas whelp; [bowl], skiff. Gk. [xa/:is], xauq (inscriptions), xdi?, xaig 
 
 (xaiSd?) son, daughter. Lat. [pavitus], putus child; putidus 
 
 prattling, childish, lisping; [pavis, puvis] puer boy; paveo to tremble 
 as a child, be afraid. Bret, pautr son. 
 
 Sk. same roots [to nurse, fill full, swell, mewl, puke, gurgle, prattle, 
 sputter, whistle] ; sphdy to swell out ; sphttas swollen ; sphut to burst with 
 fullness, pop, sparkle, speed, fly; /j^/oj; to swell, grow fat; pyush to [burst 
 with fullness], split, divide, sparkle, bum, [spit out], reject; 5^/1 if to [spit 
 out], despise; pittas bile (spued) ; patus shrill, clear; path to pronounce 
 
 clearly. Gk. xtuw, xutJI^w, (jjiiT-cw, IxKpeul^w to spit ; xxijaXov spittle ; xiSxoi 
 
 fie! xaxat alas! xfvo?, ipdSo? filth ; xhu; pine (resin-dreuler) ; x(tuXo? splash; 
 ij*(9(oi; sour wine; xliupov chaff, spit behind (avaras) by wind; xTfuaw to 
 winnow; x(aaa pitch (dripping) ; xictt«xy) pistachio; (J^id? drop; i);fvotxat to 
 shed grapes (of vine); (Jiyjvo? bald-head (dripped, bare); ipYjv gall- 
 insect (dropper); axeo? hmestone cave, water-trickier; xu'cfi;<i) to 
 spit, spurt; xuifvir) thin flask (flying in splinters); ij^lOupo? whisper, 
 lisp; (liiieo? whisper, calumny, deceit; tl^euSu to lie; (]jidSSeiv, il;(di;eiv to 
 mock, sport, drizzle; axfl^w, xtxxfl^w (redup.) to pipe, chirp; ipixTaxd? 
 
— 35 — 
 
 parrot (chatter) ; ijiftia! gee! xoxxil^ti) to chirp, whistle, smack ; ipifo? buzz, 
 clatter; tpijfo? pebble (rattler)? x-ccia [open-mouthed, screaming] terror. 
 
 Lat. spuo to spit; sputum spittle; pltulta phlegm; [pitutnen], 
 
 bitumen earth-slime (cf . piv, bibo ; term, from iimor) ; pix pitch ; 
 puteus well (oozing); [poetus], paetus dripping, blear-eyed; spuma 
 foam ; pumex volcanic tufa (full of black cinders) ; pumilio dwarf 
 (scum) ; pipio to chirp, pipe as a bird ; Late Lat. pipa flageolet, whistle. 
 
 Goth, speivan (O. H. G. sptwan, spihari) to spit, spue; fiyan to 
 
 [foam, spit at], defy, hate; fiyands foe, fiend; 0. H. G. spudn, spuaton 
 to pant, hurry, arrive too late; O. N. fysa to pant, blow, fizzle; to 
 pant after,, desire, enjoy; /055 waterfall; A. S. fysan to haste, sputter, 
 fuss; spSdan to speed; Germ, spucken to spit, puke; A. S. fynig musty 
 
 (xEvos dripping filth) ; fen, Goth, fani mire, fen. R. p[v]ikhteit to 
 
 pant; p[v]ishat to flash; pishkal culverin; pushka cannon; pikhta fir; 
 peit to sing; peivetz singer; peisn hymn; peitukh cock; [s]pot sweat. 
 
 Bret, pousein to cough, spit, dreul; piset = pisser; Ir. [p]6a gall, 
 
 [bile], liver. 
 
 Sk. pydy, pydi to swell ; puy [to suppurate], rot, stink ; puyas, putt 
 
 stench, pus; putis, putikas foul, stinking. Zd. pA to stink; pHiiti 
 
 rottenness. Gk. xuGw, xu0otJi.«t to rot; xu9sSuv rottenness; xuov pus; 
 
 xud? first milk after birth (swelling udder) ; tjxoa decay, stench. 
 
 Lat. pus; purulentus; puteo to rot; puter, putridus rotten; {sphud to 
 wrap, [be tense] ; sphut, sphund, [phud] to burst with fulness) ; foedus 
 
 foul; foeteo to stink; paedor filth; pudet to shame. Goth, fuls 
 
 foul, rotten; O. N. funa to rot; ftli rottenness; f-Aki stench; Engl. 
 
 fie! Lith. puvu (inf. puti) to rot; pudau to ret flax; pulei pus. 
 
 Bret, pouset rotten. 
 
 Sk. pa (pdye) to feed, guard; sphdy to swell; sphltas swollen; 
 pdyaydmi to water; pydi, pydy, plv to swell, be fat; pinv to swell, 
 be luxuriant, full; to pour out, sprinkle; pinds, plvds, plvards fat 
 
 (adj.); pivas fat (noun); pev to [sacrifice bountifully], worship. 
 
 Zd. pivanh fat. Gk. [xi/ruv], xfwv, xiapoq, xiaXlo? fat, rich, kind, fer- 
 tile; xatdv = grace ! sacrificial hymn; IlaifiQWV, Ilaiuv, Ilatav (anointer), 
 physician of the gods (cf. A. S. laece); IlUpfa fertile land; ntepfSsq 
 bounteous; xtap, xfoti)?, xtjjieXv^ fatness, fertility; xeafvu to fatten; 
 
 xill^ci) to squeeze [the turgid] ; %i&l,u> to grasp. Lat. [pinvis, pinhvis], 
 
 pinguis fat, fertile; pius liberal, fiUal, rich in sacrifice; [pivitas], pietas 
 devotion; pro-pitius gracious, pitiful; [pives, puves], pubes youth, 
 
 vigor; pubertas puberty. A. S. spSvan to prosper, help, be gracious; 
 
 A. S. and Norse [s]pigge girl (gracious) ; Eng. pig (fat) ; Ger. Speck 
 
— 36 — 
 
 bacon (pinhvis). R. p[v]ishniy rich, sumptuous. Ir. [pinv], imb 
 
 butter? Bret, piuein to possess; pinvidic, pinuic, pinard rich; Pictish 
 [Pinva, Pivi, Pivona], Hinva, Hinba, Hii, lona (fertile Isle) ; [Piveria, 
 Pinveria], Iveriu, Iveria, Iverne, Hibernia Ireland (W. Iwerdun, Bret. 
 Yuverdon); [Pinv-vernia], Hibernia = irmtiv\ water, well-watered 
 (Sk. Varunas, Lat. urna) ; O.C. Pinv-ernum, Pivones, Paeonii, Pimenius, 
 Piarus, Pinpoialum, Spinoialum (Epineuil, lo) ; Spenella; Spennia, 
 Hispaniaf Pingus, Pincus, Pin[c]tones. 
 
 Sk. pa (pdye to feed, guard; pa (p.p. pitas) to drink, [nurse]; 
 
 pitardu parents; pitri father. Zd. patare. Gk. icaxiQp. Lat. 
 
 pater. Goth, fadar, A. S. fader, O. H. G. fatar father. Lith. 
 
 pats husband. Ir. [p]athir (gen. athar) father; Sk. pitryas 
 
 paternal; pitrivyas father's brother. Gk. xdipox;; Lat. patruus, 
 O. H. G. fataro father's brother; A. S. fadhu father's sister; O. N. 
 fedhr ancestors. 
 
 Sk. pa to feed, guard; patis, pdtis lord, husband; ^as-patis father 
 of family (\^ans\ |a5 = Lat. gens) ; patm lady, wife; patye to rule, own. 
 
 Gk.icoat? husband ; xoTVta lady ; Seo-irdti)? lord (Satu to divide, SaCT(i.6i; 
 
 portion — distributor of food, loaf- ward) ; [Sea-xoxvia], Slaxotva lady; 
 Seaxol^a) to rule; no<j-£t5wv,noa-£tSa(i)v,noTiSda)v ruler of the unseen world, 
 dtSY)?, Hades; raising his head from Hades at dawn above the sea; causer 
 of earthquakes; worshipped at Rome with a subterranean altar as 
 equestrian Neptune; associated with the Agvins (horsemen), the 
 morning and evening stars. At Athens he creates the horse. His 
 trident, like the threefold form of Hecate the moon (his counter- 
 part), expresses his dominion in heaven, earth, and hell — zenith, 
 nadir, and horizon; xoTvidSe? violent Maenads; brood-mares; xoTvtdoitot 
 to rage, shriek, (cf. dtYavaxTlco) . Lat. com-pos (compotis) control- 
 ling; im-pos powerless; [potis sum], possum to be able; pos-sideo to 
 [settle upon], possess; postulo [potis-vold\ to desire control, demand; 
 potior to win; potestas power; Pota Vica Lady Victory; patro to pro- 
 duce, effect (pater) ; Osc. putiad= possit. Goth, faths lord ; bruth-faths 
 
 bridegroom ; /af/ra cattle-enclosure. Lith. pats husband, fellow, self; 
 
 pati wife; vesh-pats house-lord (pkazla); R. gospod lord (£dspatis). 
 
 Ir. [p]athech, aithech householder, yeoman; O. C. Pottus, Pottius, 
 
 Pottinus, Pottalus, Potaissa, Potentum. 
 
 Sk. [pa, pdv to grasp, control, restrain, grip, pinch, crush]; pans, 
 pang to crush, destroy; pdnsanas wretched; pdnsus, pankas dust, 
 mud. Gk. aicdo) to grip, rend; oxdap-a rending, dragging, sprain; 
 
— 37 — 
 
 [oicafu], <j)(4w to [grasp], rub, touch, crumble; ipaiiw to press, reach, 
 touch, seize; [i}»af«pi5i;], t};a(pap6(; friable, powdery; i^ij)\i.6<; scrap; i^6ce 
 the muscles of the loins; [d-tji/ru?], (Su^u? loins; <^i&, !(]){« playing mar- 
 bles (pinching, squirting) ; (paiu, 4''>1X'*> iJ^^^^j •I'^X" to pinch, grind, rub, 
 stroke, powder; (jiaxdc?, <l)txi'ov crumb; (J^uxo) to pinch, parch, chap, chill, 
 [touch softly], breathe upon; 'J'uxpis cold; ijiuxig breath, soul; [({i a/rap o?], 
 (j^afapdi; friable; ^axipti, Saxipci (sensitive, nervous) ; ip^ipoq [worn] pebble; 
 (l)a8up(5i;, ([laSapis friable; <|<atSp(5i; rubbed smooth, bald; t^ifut to carp, 
 blame; i^<x\^\x.O(;, <J;aii.aeo<; sand; il^iixuGtov white-lead (triturated); (pYjXaifidw 
 to touch, grasp, grope (Stctcd) ; (jjaEpu to rub, scrape (A. S. spartan, 
 O. H. G. sparon to grasp tight, treasure, spare); tp^pa itch; xauu to 
 [grasp, check], cease, come to an end ; xaOXa rest, pause ; xaijpo? [pinched, 
 
 torn ofE], short, little, few. Lat. [pavrus, pavlus], parvus, paullus 
 
 little; paucus little, plu. few. Goth, faus (gen. favis, comp. faviza), 
 
 A. S. fed little, few; 0. N. feyk blast, cold, snow-squall. R. peishiy 
 
 [pressing forward, seeking]; foot-going; peikhota infantry; pesok sand 
 
 (j>dnsits) ; poyas girdle (tprfa). Ir. pait leather bottle (tight, pinched) ; 
 
 peist, beist [gripping] dragon? [p]aitire pledge. 
 
 Sk. pa, [pdv] to grasp, [brandish, hurl]; pavis tire of wheel (grip- 
 ping) ; thunderbolt (hurled) ; paviram weapon ; pavirus thunderbolt 
 
 (ir to speed) . Gk. xafu to [hurl], dash, strike ; [xaif docw] ; xaKpiercu to 
 
 dash, dart, brandish (influenced by bhas to gleam); xxafw to hurl 
 down, fall, dash against, stumble; Tm&ccut to smite, dash, palpitate. 
 
 Lat. pavio to pound; pavimentum pavement; depuvio to strike; 
 
 paveo, pavito to shiver, dread; pa-paver [rattle-head], poppy. Lith. 
 
 piauti to mow. 
 
 Sk. [pdv to whirl, hurl, eddy; of water, wind, fire]; /jm {pave, pundmi) 
 to purify by water, fire, air (burning prairie-grass); pavanam purifi- 
 cation, wind; pavamdnas wind; pavitras pure; water; pdvakas [clear, 
 bright] fire; pdvanas purification, fire; pun to be pure, good; punyas 
 pure, beautiful, fragrant; punar [whirling], repeated, backward, 
 
 again (pavana). Arm. hur fire. Gk.IIav, (riavoi;) wind-god, piper, 
 
 shepherd-god; (pa, panas); [xufj'ap], xiji'p, xup fire (ir, yar to speed); 
 xupd watch-fire, pyre; [xa/apas], xapoiia?, xapefa? tawny; the ruddy ser- 
 pent of Aesculapius, i.e. the returning dawn, conquering the black 
 night-serpent; cf. the serpents on the caduceus of Hermes the dawn- 
 god; xapsids [ruddy] cheek? xwpdu to sear, harden, blind; xupo? tufa, 
 
 stone in bladder; <j/upa [burning] itch, mange. Umbr. pir fire; Lat. 
 
 purus pure; [puruna], pruna hot coal; pruina [ash, hot ash, frost- 
 bum], hoarfrost; prunus [frost-bloom cf. Goth, aihva-tundi p. 6] 
 
— 38 — 
 
 plum-tree; pyrus pear (bloom in February). O. N. f4r, funi fire; 
 
 Goth, funa, O. H. G. fuir fire; A. S. feormian to cleanse, adorn; feorm 
 refreshment, hospitality ; /j/^aw to give good wind; to supply with fire. 
 
 Boh. pyr embers; R. p[v]ilat to whirl, flame; p[v]il flame, dust. 
 
 Ir. [p]4ardn spring-well; liar cold. 
 
 Sk. pu to [whirl, eddy, veer], purify; pavanam wind; pyai, sphay 
 to swell; sphitas swollen; sphut to burst with fulness; phut to blow; 
 puppkusas lung; [phu], bhu {bhavami, bubhuve, bubhiishmi) to [inflate, 
 breathe], exist, live, grow, generate; bhavas origin; bhdvas existence, 
 condition; bhuyas more; bhuyishtas [most real]; most, very (cf. satyas) ; 
 bhiltis existence, prosperity ; bhuvanam world ; Bhuvdni survival of the 
 
 fittest, death-goddess; bhumis earth. Zd. b4 to be, become. 
 
 Gk. (puu to bring forth, beget; yuotiat to grow, exist, be natural; fui^ 
 growth; ipijat? nature; fu? man; (fuaa bellows, inflation; (pucraw to snort, 
 pufE up; (puaxwv paunch; ipu-rsuo) to plant; (puixa growth; (pauw to beget; 
 (fklj\j.ix scion; <pap6i; trunk of tree; qjuXov, (puXiQ kindred, tribe; ^duxci) to 
 nourish, feed (bubhushmi) ; §0Tdvr) pasture, grass, herb ;§UTt-dvEtpa mother 
 of heroes; pau^au to [breathe deep], fall asleep; Bau^w nurse of Ceres, 
 Nature; ^au^uv generator, inguen; pouvd? swelling mound (Buhne, 
 speaker's mound); ^uiJid? high-place, altar; ^uw to [puff up], stuff; 
 [ij)U[ji6(i)], (pt^jidw to gag, silence, muzzle; <(i\uoaiq stopping a hole; ^uvt) 
 sprouting seed, malt; the yeasty sea; §ua? hooter, owl; ^u-xivt) 
 trumpet (cano); pit^-Qv choke-full; Bul^-avrtov rich promontory, golden 
 
 horn. Lat. fui (futurus, fosse, fore) I have been; fio to become 
 
 (bubhuve; melts with dhd, dhi to found, create) ; Fufius;futuo to beget; 
 fetus embryo, oRs^rmg; fe-cundus f ruitf ul ; /oewMW grass, hay (spring- 
 ing from old root without labor) ; foenus usury, interest ; foeniculum 
 fennel; funis [hay]-rope (for thatching, etc., cf. <syo\w<^\ fuscus hay- 
 colored; foenlle, fusclna pitchfork; femen, femur thigh [generator]; 
 femina woman? bubo owl; bufo toad (puffed); [com-buso], com-buro to 
 
 bum; busturnhvLmmg place (fuaa blast). A.S. beam I am; Beo-wulf 
 
 vital force, survival of fittest (Bhuvdni becomes Grendel, grind-all); 
 beam tree (ipu(j,a) ; byme trumpet ; byvan to [cause to grow], equip, 
 adoTn;bAan to dwell, make a home; ge-biir farmer; bUr dwelling, home; 
 O. N. by-skip air, sky; W farm, dwelling; bHi neighbor; bAandi, bondi 
 head of family, husband, fanner; baun bean (victual, <fa.v.oq) ; byggya 
 to build, dwell, swell; Dan. by village; O. N. byli dwelling; (fuXiQ, 
 buhlen) ; bylr storm ; byr fair wind ; bistr tempest ; Goth, bauan, 0. H. G. 
 bHan, p'Clan to dwell, cultivate, build; Ger. bausen to puff up, boast; 
 
 Goth, beist leaven. 0. R. b[v]iti to be; R. b[v]it to be ; l^v]ilo the past; 
 
 b[v]ivat to become, exist, werden ; beisit to storm, rage ; bushevat to swell. 
 
— 39 — 
 
 boil, rage; Lith. buti to be; butas dwelling. Ir. biu I am, become; 
 
 beith to be; bdi he was; biian, bdid enduring; bed, biu living; beos, beus 
 ever, furthermore; b4s [manner of living], custom, habit, morals; 
 Wife existence, world ; biathaim to nonrish; biad (W.bwyd) victuals; bus 
 [breath], pursed lip, kiss; bossdn purse; W. bwyster stormy, boisterous; 
 Bret, bout to be; bout, bouton sprout, bud, button; biii, bSii living; 
 bouid food; buM life; bet until; [bith-co-aivath], bizqueth iorever; biouel 
 leaven; boSz habit; bousel puffed cheek; boesel [sack], bushel? bossu 
 humped; boufad puff; butum, butun smoke; bail, open-mouthed, talka- 
 tive; bei fool {baver, 6bahi); O. C Bituriges kings of world; Bitunus, 
 Bitumus, BituUus eternal; Biatu-marus. 
 
 Sk. pM to whirl, cleanse ; pyai, sphdy to swell ; bhu to [breathe] ; phut 
 
 to blow ; pupphulas inflation ; pupphusas lung. Gk. iputrdca), icotqjuaau to 
 
 blow, inflate ;(puffa>.Xf? bubble ;(pijaaXoc; puff-toad; xlfi,?!^ breath, bubble, 
 wind-cloud; T0[i.(f6(;hlisteT; xo(jiip(5Xu5, ^o\>.^{jXi(; bubble; ^6\i.^{j^ silkworm 
 (chrysalis); a flute; poji^ew to boom, buzz, hum; ij'spaptS? cloudy, dark; 
 xlixTcw to send solemnly (messenger inflated with chief's breath and 
 thought, cf. O. H.G. fearj- woZto force-of-army, herald); ■Ko\i%-ri mission, 
 
 escort, procession, pomp. Lat. pupa, pupillus [womb, embryo], 
 
 child, pup, maggot; papilio [unfolded chrysalis], butterfly; rounded 
 tent, floating banner; papilla rounded breast; /'m^^s rounded stem; 
 pampinus vine (beautiful bud; ven). O. N. fifl [wind-cloud], mon- 
 ster, demon ; a fool (wind-bag) ; fimbul-tyr mighty god ; A. S. fifel giant. 
 Lith. pusti to blow; pusle bubble; R. pustoi empty, hollow, vain. 
 
 Sk. [pa to grasp] ; intensive pans, pang to crush in the hand ; (the 
 succeeding roots follow the idea of an animal's claw, gripping, crush- 
 ing, tearing, piercing; in Latin pango, pingo, pungo); paksh to grip, 
 embrace, receive; pakshas [embrace, arm], wing, friend, crush, 
 crowd ; pansus, pangus dust (crushed) ; pankas mud ; paU to mellow, 
 soften, cook, (grind in mortar, stir in pot) ; pak, panM to grasp at ; to 
 spread [hand]; pankan [fingers], five; pag to grip, bind, join, tether; 
 pagu^s tame animal; spag to knit, join, make; spag to [shade eyes with 
 spread hand], watch, observe ; pakshman hair, fibre (gripped, plucked) ; 
 piM pi^h to pluck, vex, pinch; piMham puMhas peacock's tail; 
 pish, pinsh to bray in a mortar, hurt, kill ; puns to grind ; puns, pumans 
 [borer, begetter], man; push, [punsh], push to attain, enjoy, feed child- 
 ren; [sphush, phush], bhush to adorn; pushanam ornament; sun 
 (vivifier) ; pig to [scratch with claw, prick, tattoo], decorate; pigitam 
 raw meat; pin^ to wound; pin^ to [draw blood], paint, honor [with 
 caste-mark] (cf. langh to pounce; ragh to grip, taste; ran^ to redden. 
 
— 40 — 
 
 dye); /^mgo^ [daubed with clay], tawny; pin^ to [grip], harm, slay; 
 to [gather], unite, join; pui to [grip, bend], bow down, salute, honor; 
 pugas, heap, crowd; punkas clump; pins to [greet], speak eageriy, 
 glitter; pang to crush; [sphaksh, phaksh], bhaksh to chew, eat; bhani 
 to break; [bhvaH bhui to eat; bhai to prepare for eating, cook; bhai, 
 thai to feed, cook, distribute food; to be kind, devoted; to feed the 
 gods, sacrifice, worship; [bhvai], bhug to [grip], bend, curve, [seize], 
 devour, enjoy; [bhyaksh], bhiksh to [desire food], beg; bhaikshas alms; 
 bha^ meant originally to tear and distribute prey. 
 
 Sk. pa to grasp; pansus dust (crushed) ; pag to bind; pdgas noose, 
 rope; pagus [tethered] animal; spag to join, bind, twine, put together, 
 twist, vex; Ved. to bring ends together, bring about, effect (cf. 
 vat to wrap, bind; Lat. vitis, utor, ut; Eng. withe, with); [pangrds, 
 panUras], pa^ras firm, tough; punkas clump; pugas crowd; pin^ to 
 
 join; piii to bend, bow, honor. Zd. pag to bind. Gk. 'Kriyv\j\Li to 
 
 make fast, fix, frame, solidify, freeze; tckyo? motmtain (firm) ; frost 
 (hardening, gripping, shaking); T-qfaq, ■rcdxvv) frost, ice; Tt]y6<; white; 
 •K-qyri snow-water, cold spring; IIi^Yaffoi; fountain-speeder, vernal 
 cloud ; steed of Perseus in contest with freezing winter (Medusa who 
 turns to stone); ici^Yavov rue (puckering mouth, astringent; cf. puTt]) ; 
 icayr), xayf? noose, snare; [xa^aXo?], icaauaXo? stake, landmark, [tent- 
 pin], peg; xaxus [clumped], thick, fat; ztutow to crumple, bend, fold; 
 icTiQaati) to crouch, shiver, dread; xTUffso) to cower, cringe; irruxd? 
 beggar ; xda^w to hold in, endure, suffer; xtu^, ■k-zu-([L(x fold, wrap, hollow, 
 glen; ij'uxpo? cold, pinching; icwywv beard (clump) ; xuyiQ rump; [xoyyu, 
 Toyviyu], xviyw to choke; IIvu^ gen. xuxvo? assembly; xuxvd?, xuxtvo? 
 compact, crowded, frequent ; xu^, xuyjtiQ fist; rnix^n; fore-arm ; xii^o? box- 
 tree (clump) ; a-xa^ [one handful], once. Lat. pango to fasten, fit, 
 
 fix; pro-pago [pegged-down] sprout; pagina tablet; pactio bargain; pax 
 pea.ce; paxillus, pdlus, pessulus stake, har; pectus breast (firm-rib) ; pecus 
 tame animal; ^^cwZwrn property ; pecunia money; pigniis -pledge; pagus 
 clan, village; piger pinched, cold, lazy; piget it causes regret; [pegyor], 
 pejor worse (xTi^aso)); pugnus fist; pugna fight; [spixus], spissus 
 
 thronged, close, compact, frequent. Goth, fahan to grasp; fulla- 
 
 fahyan to [fill the hand], satisfy, give joy; fagrs satisfactory, fair; 
 faihu [pagus, cattle, Vieh], money; faheths joy; faginon to rejoice; 
 fastan to hold firm, pinch, fast; O. H. G. fah compartment; feig 
 cowardly (xTiQsaw) ; Ger. fassen to grasp ; [fingster], finster dark (O. R. 
 pensti fist); 0. H. G. fuoga well-fitted; O. N. fengi gain,; Fe[g]n-riss 
 greedy-jaw, destruction; feigdh approach of death; A. S. faege fated; 
 fyst fist; facyan to acquire; feccan to draw, lead [with rope], fetch; 
 
— 41 — 
 
 O. N. spengya, spenya, spenna to grip, nail, fasten, gain; 0. H. G. 
 spanga clasp, brooch; A. S. [spenig], penig, pening; Dan. penge money, 
 penny; O. N. fengi gain; peningr cattle, goods, money; pungr purse; 
 O. N. [spakka], pakka, Dan. pakke, Germ, packen to grasp, fit, tighten, 
 pack; O. E. pighten to fasten, place; O. N. [spukki], pukki; Eng. spook, 
 
 puck night-demon (ci.finster). R. pakovat to bundle; pakka bundle; 
 
 pekatat to press, print, seal ; pakkat to [grip], soil ; pesok sand (p>dnsus) ; 
 puk bundle, tuft; pukit, pukhnut to swell up (xuxvds; stuffed); pakh- 
 ovina abdomen; pugat to terrify; pigva, pyast fist (0. R. pensti); 
 pushka dense forest {spissus); spekatsya to coagulate; pikkat to stuff. 
 
 Ir. {plaice bargain, security, bond; Bret, pahum fetters; peisel 
 
 hitching-ring ; poug stifling; poukr soft (pankas); pegadur tenacity; 
 peg glue; O.C. Pacidcum, Paxidcum, Passidcum (possession, estate, 
 Passy, 2 2 in France). 
 
 Sk. [sphaf], spag to bind, twist, knit together; pkakk to writhe, 
 crawl, be snake-like, mean, slow; [bhanksh], bhan^ to twist off, break. 
 
 Gk. aqjaxsXft^o) to be [snake-bitten], frost-bitten, have convulsions, 
 
 gangrene; fdxeXo? fagot, bundle; cpo^ds distorted, pinched; (po^i'xetXo? 
 narrow-brimmed ;ip(i(JX(i)Xoq wallet, cloak-bag. hat. fascinor to hypno- 
 tize, bewitch (melts with ^affxafvo)) ; fascia sash; fascis fagot, bundle 
 of rods; fasciculus bundle; [fasctigium], fastigium peak of thatched 
 
 hut (tego) ; fiscus rush; basket. O. N. b4skr, M. H. G. bosche thicket, 
 
 bush ; Eng. to busk; buskin. R. bokka barrel (hooped) ; bashmak, 
 
 bakhila shoe; bashnya towei (fastigium); bakhroma fringe. Ir. bass 
 
 fist (gripping) ; bds death ; Bret. beskHn to twist off, shorten ; beskel 
 twist, comer; biz finger; tendril; N. E. wind (nipping); bizeu ring. 
 
 Sk. pikk to tear off (beast's claw); pikh to pinch, vex, twist; 
 
 spag to twist; pakshman hair, fibre. Gk. xlxw, irEixw, xexxew to 
 
 pluck, scratch, comb, shear; iclxos, xdxo?, xlojto? fleece; i/i-^ta to carp, 
 
 detract; ij/exis, (];a>i(its crumb; drop (wrung out). Lat pecto to comb, 
 
 card; pecten comb, lute-twitcher; pecco to [tear hair, quarrel], do 
 
 wrong, sin; [paxer], passer sparrow (pecking, picking). A. S. 
 
 feax hair, mane; [spiccan], pyccan, O. N. pikka to pick; O. H. G. 
 
 fahs hair; faso thread; Ger. fasen to comb, tease, feaze. Lith. 
 
 peshti to tear the hair, quarrel; R. pushit to carp, scold; pukh down, 
 
 fur. Ir. [p]icnaigim to shame, calumniate; Bret, pahlat to card 
 
 flax; pSh a little bit {piccolo); pesi prey, wreck, piece; spahein to 
 spay; O.C. Peccio, Piccio, Piccienus (little). 
 
 Sk. pig to [scratch, scrape, carve, tattoo, draw blood, paint]; 
 to peel, scrape, carve, adorn, mold; pig [dappled] deer; pigangas 
 
— 42 — 
 
 fallow, tawny; pifitam raw meat; pigunas treacherous [tiger]; pifakas 
 demon; pegas form, shape; pegalas beautiful; pegas-karl embroideress ; 
 ping to smear with ochre, paint, honor (with caste-mark); piMha 
 slime, gum; pingas tawny (ochre) ; pins to [use fire-drill], glitter, flash 
 out, speak; pyush to sparkle, bum; pis, pish to stab, kill; pikas wood- 
 pecker (sharp-bill, bloody-head) .—Gk. xtxptSe sharp, bitter, cruel; 
 Ixeiceuxi]? keen, bitter; i:eux(iXtii.o<; shrewd; xtxlpiov butter; itsuxiq 
 pine (resinous); itoa(Xo? [tattooed], dappled, many-colored, various, 
 
 versatile; xu5tv(5s, xuxtvd? shrewd, clever. l^aX-pungo to prick; pugio 
 
 dagger; pingo to paint, embroider; pix pitch; picKs wood-pecker; 
 piscis fish (ghttering, slimy); specus cave (bore); spica ear of corn; 
 
 spiculum dart. Goth. ^5^5 fish ; fauho fox (keen) ; O. H. G. feh, A. S. 
 
 /<3A, fdg many-colored, glittering; A. S. fager fair, beautiful (melts 
 with fagrs fit, useful, desirable); faiga to paint ;/Mgo/ bird (icotxfXo?) ; 
 fine finch (bright, gay); feoht fight; /dM/i feud; fecvord curse; fdcen 
 treachery; O. H. G. fehyan to hate; fiuchte fir (xsuxt)); O. N. spikari 
 spike, pike; Sw. ;^igg peg; Eng. spigot; Eng. 5^mm&, punk, funk tinder; 
 Ger. FMwfe^ spark (fire-drill, pins); Eng. to [spink], pink = to stab, 
 
 slash, tattoo. O. R. pistru variegated; pisati to [scratch, ritzen], 
 
 write; R. pkela bee; peshker cave (specus) ; pekal sorrow; pikhta white 
 spruce; pishka wood-bird; peskanka sparrow; piskar fish, loach; 
 pestrit t'o variegate; pakhat to [scratch], plow; Lith. pushis fir; piktas 
 
 bad; ^yfe/i to be angry; ^eifeii to revile. Ir. [p]decfe; enemy; [p]echt 
 
 murder ; ec death ; ecla terror (goading) ; ecna bright, keen, wise ; ecne 
 salmon (pins) ; iasc fish ; Bret, pese wreck ; puns pit, well ; peus thrust ; 
 pig dappled, pied ; peseun mischievous ; pigos beak ; O. C. picatus beaked 
 ship ; sal-puga (heel-stinger) venomous insect ; Pictones, Picti (tattooed) ; 
 Pescennius. 
 
 Sk. [pa to grip]; pans to crush; pdngus dust; pish (pinshe) to crush, 
 bray in mortar; puns to grind; pish to revolve, smite, kill; pis to 
 
 dwell (versari) ; to smite, be strong. Gk. xTtudu to bray in mortar; 
 
 rub off bran; xxiadvY] groats, gruel; xfaoq pea (pease-porridge). Lat. 
 
 pinso to grind; pistor miller, baker; pistillum, pilum pestle; Piso; 
 pestis crushing, destruction, pestilence; pessum do, [pess-do], perdo 
 
 to destroy. 0. N. fis, O. H. G. fesa chaff. O. R. pisheno groats. 
 
 Ir. [p]esse, eis, ais footstep ? Bret, pesi wreck, ruin ; O. C. Pistillus. 
 
 Sk. puns to use pestle, [generate]; puns, [punsman], pumans, 
 pwmdn; (pumdnsam in oblique cases, adding mdnsam flesh) male; 
 pas groin; pas-as penis; push to nurse, grow; pushtis growth, increase. 
 Gk. itdo6ir], xsoq penis. Lat. [pensis], penis; prae-pu[s]tium; mas. 
 
— 43 — 
 
 {mdnsam) male. M. H. G. visellin penis; 0. N. fisi pleasure ; Dan. fise 
 
 to fizzle. Lith. pisti to generate; pisa groin. Ir. [p]pss boar, stag. 
 
 Sk. puiis to generate; push, push to enjoy, attain, grow, nurse; 
 
 pushtis prosperity, growth; pushpam flower, lotus; pushan sun. 
 
 Gk. Tciixxa^ bravo! iteoudq [manikin, pebble], draught, checker. 
 
 Lat. pusus, pusillus child, baby; Osc. pukh child. Germ, foppen, 
 
 Eng. to fob to baby, trifle, mock; Eng. fob, fop. R. pupovina um- 
 bilical cord; pupovnik water-plantain. Bret, pousin young bird; 
 
 spuns germ, seed; 0. C. Pusa, Pusinius, Poppius, Poppua, Poppausus, 
 Peppo. 
 
 Sk. pins to be eager, glitter, speak; A. S. spaecan to speak; spaec 
 speech; R. speishit to speed; peikhota infantry. 
 
 Sk. pans, pang to crush; pish, pinsh to bray; puns to grind; pale 
 (paMdmi) to [grind, stir, boil, knead], cook (cf. pistor = imlleT and 
 baker, both operations being united; boule; boulanger lump-maker); 
 paktis cooking, digestion (stirring, boiling) ; pdkas cooking, ripening; 
 
 pakvds mellow, good. Zd. pa^ to cook. Gk. xljaii), Attic xlxirw 
 
 to cook, digest, ferment, mellow, come to a boil, head, crisis; xaiaxIxTO) 
 to boil down, digest; xdxavov, xe[jt(jia round altar-cake, fritter, pastry; 
 xiiCi? digestion; dp-rd-xoxo?, dptiS-xoxo? bread-baker (cf. coquo; the root 
 may have been influenced by Sk. ku^ to curve, mold, touch, knead; 
 kup to circle; but cf. pan^an five; Lat. quinque, originating in spof 
 to twist, stir ; the forms could vary as in spaf, pag; Gk. axIxToji-at) ; xexuv 
 mellow, mild; xexov! my dear! ^^ovSpo-xoxetov groat-mill; xoxtu to 
 
 bray. Lat. coquo (Plautus quoquo) to cook; concoquere to digest, 
 
 brood, plot; coquus, cocus cook; coqulna (Osc. popind) kitchen, cook- 
 shop; cullna kitchen [cuclina or xuXfw to stir]. Ger. Speise food; 
 
 mixed metal (stirred) ; Eng. speiss amalgam. O. R. pekan to cook; 
 
 peshti furnace; R. pe^ stove; Lith. kepu to bake; kepeye bakeress. 
 
 Ir. cucan bakery; cuile kitchen (Latin?); Corn, peber baker; popei 
 bakery; W. popuryes bakeress; poeth hot; Bret, pobein, pohhein to 
 cook. 
 
 Sk. spag to twist; pa^ to [stir, roll]; pdk, pank to unroll; pan^ to 
 spread out ; panMan [outspread hand, five fingers], five ; panUathas, pan- 
 
 kamas fifth. Zd. pan}ean;pukhdha fifth. Aeol. Gk. xe(i,xs five; Gk. 
 
 [xsiJixTs], xlvTE five;xliJi.xtoi; fifth; xsiixa^uto [count the fingers], reckon ; 
 (possibly xifAxo) to send implies to send with outstretched hand, wave 
 forth, send with gesture, blessing). Lat. quinque; quintus; QuinctlUs 
 
— 44 — 
 
 fifth month; Samnite Pompties, Pomptius, Pontius, Pompems = 
 
 quintus; Paludes Pomptinae = outspread, far-extending. Goth, fimf; 
 
 O. H. G. finf, fimf; O. N. fimm; A. S. fif. Lith. penki, penktas; O. R. 
 
 penti; R. pyat five; pyast hand, fist. Ir. cdic, cdiced; W. pimp, 
 
 pimphet; Bret, pemp, pempet; O. C. ■jc£[JL'rce-SouXa= five-leaved. 
 
 Sk. spag to twist ; pals to roll, unroll, spread hand ; spag, pag {pag- 
 yami) to glance round, shade eyes with hand, watch keenly; spagas 
 
 watchman. Zd. gpag watchman, spy; gpag to watch; Median 
 
 spax fern, spaka shepherd-dog, watcher? cf. xuwv. Gk. (metath.) 
 
 (jxsTUTOiiat to look round, watch, consider (cf. metathesis of dpToxoxo?) ; 
 (i3coicl(i), ajioxeuG) to watch, spy; axox(5i; watchman, scout, target; axoxia, 
 <5%i%zkoc, watchman's post, crag; ffjta»C owl, feathered brow ("like a 
 man with hand shading eyes"; Athen, 14, 629 F); axuxtw to hoot, 
 
 mock, gesticulate. Lat. specto, con-spicio to watch, gaze; specular 
 
 to scout; specula watch-post; speculum mirror; species appearance, 
 
 characteristic, kind; [spehs], spes foresight, expectation, hope. 
 
 O. H. G. spehdm to spy; sp&hi keen, prudent; O. N. sp& second-sight, 
 
 prophecy; spakr wise. R. spes high-look, pride; pesetz fox; pes 
 
 watch-dog; spasat to [watch, guard], save; speishit to speed [arrow]? 
 
 speikh eagerness, speed. Ir. [ad-paciu, ad-pciu], ad-ciu to see; 
 
 [pyem-c-[p]aissiu foresight; fris-[p]aiccim to hope; f-eccim to see. 
 
 Bret, spes, spis clear, bright, distinct. 
 
 Sk. sphay, pyai to [stuff, fill], round out, swell; [phyai, bhyai to 
 quiver with tension ; cf . sphund to swell, spand to quiver] ; bhi (bhayate, 
 bibhetl) to [tremble], dread, fear; caus. bhayay, bhdpay to terrify; 
 bhesh to fear; bis to [brandish], whirl, hurl; bhayas, bhls, bhayam fear, 
 
 danger; bhimas terrible. Zd. bt to terrify. Gk. 90^6(0 to terrify 
 
 put to flight; (pl^o(Aat to be terrified, flee; (pd^iQ curl, mane (flapping,' 
 trembling); 96^0? terror, flight; (popepti? terrible; ^awSv baby; ^aid? 
 small (cf . beben, baby) ; ^atA^afvw to chatter the teeth, stammer (Ital. 
 
 bambino). Lat. faba bean (ratthng in dry pod, cf. papaver) ; Fabius 
 
 (fo^tds terrible?); febris [shivering], fever; Februarius shiver-month; 
 februare to rout demons, purify (thongs of Salii); fibra fibre; fiber 
 
 beaver (flapper); Fibrenus. O. H. G. biben, bibinon to tremble; 
 
 Ubar, pipar; O. N. bifr beaver; O. N. bifaz to tremble; bif motion, 
 
 water, gleam. O.'K.boyatisen; 'Lifh.biyau,biyotitoiea.T; Lith. bayus, 
 
 baime fear; R. boyat-sya to fear; buben tambourine; bob bean (faba); 
 bobr beaver; bieiniy palpitation; O.R., Lith., O.Pr. bebrus, Boh. bobr 
 
 beaver. Bret, bail timid; Gael, beabhr beaver ; O. C. Bebrisa, Bibracte, 
 
 Bibroci, Bebronna. 
 
— 45 — 
 
 Sk. sphdy to be distended, [quiver, burst out, sparkle] ; bhi, (bhayate) 
 to [quiver]; bhd (jbhdmi) to shine, flash, appear; bhamas, bhdnus light, 
 sun, glory, wrath; bhds to shine, flash, appear, circle; bhdsh, bhan to 
 flash out, ring out, speak; bhan^ to shine, speak; [bhavash], bhilsh, 
 to beautify, adorn; bhdlam brightness, forehead; bdlas young, new, 
 
 child. Zd. bdnu beam; bdma glory. Arm. ban a word. Gk. 
 
 ifti[>.l I say; qxJEiTxu to affirm; (fAxiq, cpaai?, ffi^f] oracle, speech, saying; 
 ipwviQ voice; (paEvo) to show; (fav-f] torch; (pavo? bright; tfdai^cn, (fa.\nix(s\j.<x 
 apparition, prodigy; (fiyyoi; splendor (bhan^); uxocpa6a5i(i) to gleam, 
 dawn {bhilsh); 'ji:upa6a)i(i) to manifest, declare; cpalBw, faefvw to be 
 radiant; qpaos, Aeol. ipauo?, (pu? light; xatfdasw to dart, quiver; (paXEo? 
 white; (pdiXapo? gleaming, white crested; iptiXapa forehead-trappings; 
 9aXos vizor (bhdlam) ; (paXaxp(5(;bald; ^aai-Xei? king (glory of the people, 
 Xad?, Ion. Xsci?) ; ^dioavos [flash-stone], touch-stone for gold (bhds) ; 
 "HipataTOi; [(j/tsEw +bhas, hurl-fire], flashing, crooked, quivering lightning; 
 when he quivers the nectar-soma falls to earth in quickening rain, 
 and heaven peals with immortal laughter; husband of Aphrodite 
 the rain-cloud (p. 19) ; ipauoi;, ifxi/ros, cpot^o? radiant, bright, pure (melts 
 
 with (pe^ofjiat to quiver, glitter, banish evil) ; ^ot^oq 'AxciXXwv. 
 
 'LaX. fdri to speak; fdtum [decree], fate; fdma fame; [f avoid], fdbula 
 legend, saying ; Fabius (renowned) ? fateor to declare ; facetus, facundus 
 eloquent (bhan^) ; fastus, festus holy-day, festival ; mani-festus evident 
 (on palm of hand, palam) ; festuca fire-wood, fagot (uHh) ; [favestus], 
 faustus lucky (ipauu) ; fen-estra window; beo to [shine upon], make 
 
 happy. O.N. bann road (pointed out, clear); buna surname; A. S. 
 
 bedcen (iplyyo?) token, banner; bedcnian to point; bedm beam of light; 
 
 Eng. to beam. O. R. bayati to talk; o-baviti to point out; o-bavati 
 
 to [give tokens], enchant; basni story; beilu white; R. bayan poet; 
 
 Lith. baltas white. Ir. bdn white; for-bannach, for-bann Druidical 
 
 formulae, rites; Bret, baiiein to talk, baver. O.C. Ver-banus very 
 
 white (Lago Maggiore, reflecting Alpine snow); Banona; Banolucus; 
 Baebius, Bavius; Bi-atisco, Bi-ausius Mercury (flashing dawn; Sk. ush 
 to shine). 
 
 Sk. bhi to quiver; bhd, [bhai] to flash round, [take aim, shoot, slay]. 
 -Gk. qiiooet, Tcaipwv, lulipaTai [forms assigned to iplvco to slay]; xpoa-qiaTds 
 
 newly slain, fresh, new. 0. N. by arrow, dart, bee; 0. H. G. spuowan 
 
 {sphdy, spay, spdv] to [hit mark], attain, succeed. R. feoz war; boyar 
 
 warrior. Ir. for-be perfection [hitting mark]; for-benim to perfect, 
 
 complete, attain; benaim to strike; bSim wound, stroke, injury; fu-ba 
 hewing; band deed; benn, bend point, horn, mountain-peak; O. C. 
 Bendcus mountainous. 
 
— 46 — 
 
 Sk. spaf to twist; [sphakk], phakk to twist, writhe, [wrench off], 
 melting with ^ato grasp, pang to crush; [bhanksh], bhan^ (bhanaimi, 
 bhankshydmi, bhaganas) to wrench, bend, burst, break; bhangas, 
 chasm; breaking; bhangis, curve, break, wave; bhanguras fragile. 
 
 Gk. [PT)xaa], §^aaa breach, gully, glen. Lat. fungor to [wrench, 
 
 pluck, gather], harvest, fulfil duty; to [wrench one's self away, burst 
 from shell], complete Hfe, duty, office; fungus mushroom [bursting from 
 
 earth, fragile]. A.S. banc, O.N. bekkr [breach, earth-break], bank 
 
 of stream; A. S. becc, O. N. bekkr, Ger. Bach brook [bursting from 
 earth]; Eng. beach [wave-break]; Dutch bonzen to strike, hurl, 
 bounce; O. N. bunga outburst, protuberance, hnnch.; bUnki round heap; 
 
 bagi breaking off, loss. Lith. 6awga wave; Bang-putis wave-lord; a 
 
 sea-god. Ir. bongaim (compounded with ath-, con-, do-) to wrench, 
 
 gather, harvest, burst, break, tear; O.C. Bonxus, Bonexsis; Buxenos= 
 Mars. 
 
 Same roots (a and u, g and k forms alternate in the root) bha^, 
 [bhva^], bhu^ {bhunagmi, bhun^e, bhuktas) to [grip prey, harvest], 
 acquire, eat, enjoy, possess ; caus. bho^aye to help to food, give posses- 
 sion ; desid. bubhukshe to be hungry, enjoy, seek ; bhu^as [food-helper], 
 arm, hand, elephant's trunk; bho^an, bhoga food, pleasure; bhoga-patis 
 steward; bhiksh to seek food, beg; bhikshd, bhdikshas alms; bha^ 
 (bha^dmi) to seize, acquire, settle land, effect, possess, love, adore, 
 divide prey, distribute food; bhaktis generosity, love, duty; bhaktam 
 food; bha^ (bhd^aydmi) to distribute, give, prepare food, cook; bhagas 
 portion, good fortune, bread-lord; bhagavat fortunate, noble; bhagini 
 sister; bhd^anam dish, cvLp;bhaksh (bhakshyami desid. bibhakshyishdmi) 
 to devour; bhakshyas eatable, food. Zd. baz to divide; baghas por- 
 tion, piece; baksh to attain; Old Pers. baga god; Botyua? officer; 
 Pers. bakshidan to give; bakshish gift; Phrygian Bayato? Zeus; ^exxo; 
 
 bread. Gk. (payeTv to eat, devour; (pocfiQtJMz food; qjayuv glutton, jaw; 
 
 Scopo-ipdifo? [distributer of gifts], king; (pafove? teeth; oapxo-ipdyo? coffin 
 (flesh-pot, bhd^anam) ■,<fix%6q coffin; (paxij lentil soup; tpaxd? lentil; '6^-fix^ 
 (raw-bite), green grape; [(pa^TjXoe], tpdoiQXoi; kidney-bean; (pwyo, ipul^u, 
 (pwyvuo) to prepare food, parch, pop, roast, broil ; aqjal^w (aipa^w) to cut the 
 throat, butcher, sacrifice, slay with sword (metaphor from devouring 
 animal; cf. Heb. "mouth of sword"; [xa/aipa; Magen) ; a^aylq sacrificial 
 
 knife; [ocpayavov, a9a^avov], ydayavov sword. LaX. fungor to perform 
 
 duty (v. supra) ; fdcus hearth (raised stand for simmering, making 
 porridge, cf. ipax6<;) ;fdcio to make (bha^, bhaktis) ; [fac-ber], faber artisan 
 (bhri to produce) ; bacca berry ; bucca mouth, cheek (v. bank) ; [bextia], 
 bestia wild beast (devourer). Goth, and-bahts servant; O. H. G. 
 
— 47 — 
 
 am-pahti ministry, service; Goth, [buhyan], bugyan to acquire; buy; 
 anda-bauhts redemption; [bacms], bagms [fruit] tree; basi berry; Ger. 
 Backe jaw, cheek; O. N. baka to bake; bagi foe, cutting off, loss (g 
 
 for ng, ng). O. Pruss, baga, O. R. bogu god; R. bog god; bogatiy rich; 
 
 iwfeawere-wolf; bagroviy hlooAy, purple Ix.bdigim to fight (cipdil^u) ; 
 
 bdg battle; bdegul danger; do-begim to desire, demand; bee [bite], bit, 
 small; bocc tender; bdc mouth, kiss; Bret, bagad a troop; bihan small; 
 beg mouth; boc, bouc kiss; bousel jaw; bougen jaw, cheek, tender; 
 bouch mouthful, kiss; O.C. Bagaudae= wild fighters (fiad); Bogii, 
 Boii, Baio-casses, Ad-bogios, Bagacon. 
 
 Sk. bhu^ (p-p- bhuktas) to devour. Zd. bilza he-goat, buck. 
 
 Arm. hue, butz young ram. O. N. bukkr, A. S. bucca, O. H. G. poeh 
 
 he-goat, buck, stag. Ir. bocc; W. bwch; Bret, bouch; O. C. Bucco. 
 
 Sk. pa, pang to grip, crush; spag to twist; phakk to twist, writhe; 
 bhu^as arm, elephant's trunk; bhu^, to curve, bend; bhugnas bent; 
 
 bhogas coil, snake. Gk. (peuyto to turn away, avoid, flee, be banished; 
 
 (fuyfi flight; [<p»yya], ip6i^a rout; <pu?t? refuge. hat. fugio to avoid, fly; 
 
 fugo to rout; /wga flight. Goth, biugan, O. H. G. piokan, A. S. 
 
 bUgan to bend, bow down, flee; A. S. be-bUgan to surround; boga bow, 
 coil, arch; bedg ring; 6aec, 6ac [curved] back, sloping hill; Eng. 
 buxom, Ger. biegsam lithe; Goth, bugyan to [turn, exchange], buy? 
 O. N. baegya to rout, force back; baga to whirl, confuse, delay; baugr 
 
 ring. Lith. bugti to fear; baugus timid; dreadful; R. bagor hook. 
 
 Ir. bacc sickle, crook; baeaeh cripple; boeht poor (bowed down); 
 
 boccoit buckle. Bret, boug crushing, stifling; boehad crowd, troop. 
 
 Sk. bhogas coil, serpent; bhagas womb; bho^ [rounding, bellying] 
 
 birch- tree (pliant bark used for writing) . Gk. ipcixir) seal (bellying cf . 
 
 SeXifid;, -u? dolphin, womb) ; 4>w5c(? Phocis (Delphic abyss) ; y coxf? bellying 
 pear; (priYd? beech tree (a and u interchange cf. R. bagor hook) ; <f\)%oc, 
 
 sea- weed (air-bladders). Lat./agM5 beech-tree; /mcm5 drone-bee (big- 
 
 belHed); ficus fig (rounded, swelling; u, oi, i; cf. punio, poena) ; faux 
 gullet (hollow, swelling) ; Lake Fu^inus (deep gulf) ; suf-foco to throttle, 
 
 choke ;/aea; dregs, residuum in belly of amphora. A. S. bece, bdee, 
 
 O. H. G. ptioha beech-tree; Goth, boka [beech-bark], epistle, writing, 
 book; Ger. Baueh belly; Bucht bay; Eng [buogyant], buoyant inflated, 
 
 floating. R. buk beech ; bok side, flank. W. bwg, [ravenous belly], 
 
 goblin; Bret, bhu, bkueg birch; Ir. bocaim to swell; bocail pride; W. 
 bogeiliaw to be prominent; O.C. Boccus, Boeeo; Touto-bocios — -pride of 
 the tribe ; [p] Ro-bogdion promontory, Fairhead ; Ro-bogdii very proud ; 
 Meli-boeus mount. 
 
— 48 — 
 
 pa ipdye) to [grasp, encircle], guard, feed, [stuff with food]; pa, 
 (pivdmi), pi to drink, imbibe, [distend water-skin]; plv to be swollen, 
 fat; pyai, sphay to swell, be tense; spMtas swollen, tense; sphit to 
 [be tense, make tense], wrap, jerk, [throb], love, strike, scorn; sphud to 
 wrap; sphut, sphund, sphat, sphant, pat to burst [with tension], split, 
 open, escape, fly; d-sphut to slap, clap the hands; sphuit, sphunt to 
 [slap], scorn; spand to struggle against tension, quiver, make effort; 
 (These roots melt with those already considered; xtuw to spit, (scorn) ; 
 phenas irothilphyu], bhu to blow, breathe; 6M to quiver, fear). 
 
 I. sphit to make tense, wrap, jerk, slap, strike, scorn; d-sphut to 
 slap, clap the hands; sphutt, sphunt to scorn; sphud to [jerk, tighten], 
 wrap; spand to jerk, quiver, make an effort. 
 
 II. pat, put to wrap, robe, bind; put to embrace; bind; pust, bandh 
 to bind; patas cloth, robe; patalam, patall crowd, heap, roof, cover 
 (rolled together) ; pattas sash; pand, pit, pind, pun to draw together, 
 collect, heap; pindas [dough], cake, body; padmas, pundarlkam lotus 
 [circling, orbed]; pandus white, yellow; put, fund, puth to [revolve], 
 bray, grind; pld to hug, wring, bray, pound, press; punth to wring, 
 kill; pdthas, pdtham [circling, orbing] water, sun, fire; pdthis sea; 
 petas basket; ^ew to embrace, grind; &Aai to [round out], feed. 
 
 III. sphut, sphunt, sphund, sphat, sphant to [be too tight], to split 
 with tension, burst, open, escape, fly, speed, [flash out ; make an effort, 
 speak, praise] ; sphutt, sphunt, bust, pust to dash out, spurn ; spand to 
 jerk, make an effort; pat to burst; pat to flash, speak; patus shrill, 
 clever, keen, skilful; path to read aloud; pan to praise; pattigas dart; 
 pat to speed, snatch; pand to move; pan to sport, toss, play dice; 
 pat to hurl, fly, fall; path, panth, pad to go; phan to whirl, quiver, 
 skim; phanin snake; phenas foam; bhat, bhan, bhant, bhand, bhand to 
 [flash out], speak, be merry, mock, be happy, excellent ; bhadras happy, 
 best. 
 
 IV. sphut, sphunt, sphund to burst open; pat to split, tear; bhid, 
 bind, to split. 
 
 Sk. spand to struggle against tension, quiver; sphutt, sphit to make 
 tense, dash, strike, hit, slap; pat to split, tear; sphund to burst open; 
 
 bud to pour out; bust to spurn; bust to [pour libation], adore. 
 
 Gk. axEvBw to jerk out, dash out, make a libation; airovSii libation; 
 ffipsvSdvY), sling; (jxiv9iQp spark ; (jxoSi? ashes, dust (whirling) ; aicoBlu to pelt, 
 smite, crush, smother, grind with teeth; axouSal^o), ax'siiSw to speed; 
 
— 49 — 
 
 oxaStiv convulsion, rent, tear; oxdSwv eunuch; (ix(4St? stripped branch, 
 bark; <;xd9iQ (smiting, slapping, tightening); sword-blade, weaver's 
 spaddle; XTjSds blade of oar; xiqSdcXtov rudder; xY]8(ia) to leap forth, throb; 
 xorciocro) to strike, slap, palpitate ; xdiTu, xaaau to sprinkle ; xaoTrds sprink- 
 led; %<xirz&q (sprinkled with rain), portico; xaaiiSi; bridal bed; xaTaYew to 
 clash, chatter, beat drum; (TXiXTaX(4o> to bedashing, wasteful, lewd; 
 cfaSctl^co to struggle, be convulsed; (jyeSavis, (j(po5pi5? violent, impetu- 
 ous; (jqjuSdw to be vigorous; a^ul^w to throb; (js<f[jy\>.6<; throbbing is 
 attracted by a<p(YT<^)'. ['Jxtll^w to squeeze; [aJxiSuu to gush forth; 
 
 xlSa^ spring; asipoSeXdq asphodel (bursting spathe; i euphon.). 
 
 hsLt.funda sling; f undo to dash out, pour out; of-fendo to dash against; 
 fe[nd]stinus swift (v. "cefvu); infensus, infestus hostile; sponte eagerly, 
 freely; [spontifex], pontifex libation-pourer; priest; [pudvis], pulvis 
 dust ((jxoSd;) ; re-pudio to dash back, reject; [spendo], pendo, pendeo to 
 jerk rope taut, hang, suspend; pondus [hanging] weight; sponda bed- 
 stead (cross-cords); post [hurled] after (cf. hunt, hetzen, be- hind; R. 
 stidu goading; behind). Goth, spedists last (hanging after, pen- 
 dens); O. H.G. spdti late; A. S. spSd good fortune, attainment, speed; 
 O. N. fet a step ; [s]padda hop-toad ; Ger. Fetze rag (torn off) ; A. S. spitu, 
 
 O. H. G. sptz dart (jerked). R. pyatnat to dash, splash; pyata 
 
 heel; p\v]itat to attempt, wrench, torture; spustit, pustit to dash down, 
 drop, lower, launch, let fly; spustya afterward (post); pustoi [poiu-ed 
 
 out], empty, hollow, vain, desert. Ir. band [dashing] feat; bann drop, 
 
 ball; bude yellow (opening flower, pdndus) ; biiadraim to rout (jipoSp^s) ; 
 bHadach victorious; W. yspaddu to pour out; Bret, bannein to dash 
 down ; baneh drop ; spontein to quiver, dread (ipouvanter) ; spuns 
 germ, seed (bursting, developing) ; O. C. Padus Po (rushing, mighty) ; 
 Pad-usa mouth of Po, rushing water; Bannaventa enterprising market; 
 Bratu-spantium terrible judgment; Boud-icca (victorious deliverance); 
 Boadicea, Bodiocasses. 
 
 Sk. sphund to burst open; budh to [open eyes], wake, perceive, 
 know, think; caus. bodhayami to waken, announce, teach; btiddhis 
 insight, observation, intention ; Btiddhas all-seeing Buddha ; bud, bund, 
 
 bundh to hear; budhas learned. Zd. bud to waken, perceive; budh 
 
 to see. Gk. [CT]xuv6iivotiat to hear, learn, enquire. Goth, botyan 
 
 to help, profit, benefit. O. R. budeiti to watch; buditi to waken; Lith. 
 
 budeti (bundu) to watch; budinu awake; budrus watchful; R. budit to 
 watch; bodriy vigilant, brave; buden working-day (daylight hours); 
 svo-boda freedom (guarding one's self, watchful). 
 
 Sk. sphund to burst open; spand to jerk, quiver, make an effort; 
 4 
 
— 50 — 
 
 ut-pat to wrench out; putt to be empty; budhnas bottom, root of tree. 
 
 Zd. buna bottom. Gk. xu9(ji.i]v bottom, abyss, root of tree, 
 
 stock; HuOw Delphi (bottomless pit, volcanic fissure); xiivSa^ bottom; 
 sword-hilt (jerked, drawn) ; xuvOavoiAat to go to the bottom, explore, 
 enquire diligently; ^£v6oi;, guaad? bottom of sea; a^uaao? unfathomed 
 gulf; Pa66? deep, ^dBiJvos, ^dGpo? pit; [jxoGo?], xdOo? yearning from bot- 
 tom of breast, longing, regret; xevSo?, xdBo? grief, sorrow, suffering ; 
 
 xdvTO? sea; xovTt!;^ to sink in the sea. Lat. [s]fundum bottom; 
 
 fundus soil, estate ("cujus est solum ejus est usque ad inferos"); 
 pro-fundus deep; fundamentum root, foundation, buttocks, anus; 
 foedus foul; foeteo to stink; fans (-/w) [bursting] fountain; Bantia, 
 Band-usia {use water) ; [pentho], peto to desire, seek, explore, question 
 (cf. XavSavo), lateo; cf. d-pat to go, make effort, wrench out); patior 
 to [yearn], sufiEer; pateo to be wide open; pando to open; pandus 
 gaping; Pandateria firm in deep sea (aTspgd?); puteus well; puteo to 
 
 [burst with rottenness], stink; pudeo to be ashamed; podex; pedo. 
 
 Goth, finthan, A. S. findan to explore, find, know (xuv6avo[i,at) ; 0. N. 
 feta to desire, attain; A. S. fynde deep, capsLcious ; gefondian to explore; 
 fetiati to pull up, drag out ; fetel-hilt sword-hilt (xuvSa^) ; bytne bottom 
 of ship; botm, O. Sax. bodom bottom; Eng. fonn fond, yearning, 
 regretting; Goth, fitan, O.N. fodha, to give birth; (xtSuto, xd9o?) ; 0. N. 
 
 fSstrato foster (fondster cf . p- 33) ; Goth, fodr sheath. R. pod- bottom, 
 
 under. Ir. 6mw tap-root, stock, bottom; bunad origin, family; buinne 
 
 pipe, tap; bonn, bond [foundation], sole of foot; bdidim to sink; bude 
 [swelling emotion], thanks; W. bon bottom, base, root; Bret, im-hou- 
 dein to graft; badailhein to yawn {bailler); Fr. pondre to lay eggs? 
 O. C. Bodencus deep-water, Po (fundo carens Plin. N. H. 3, 122); 
 Bodungo on the Bodensee; Bodotria (outer deep, Frith of Forth; 
 uttaras). 
 
 Sk. sphat, sphant, sphut, sphunt, sphund to burst open ; pat to wrench, 
 tear; bhid {bhinadmi, bhinde, p. p. bhinnas) to split, break, destroy, 
 bore, divide, be different, conquer; bhedas fissure; decision; diversity; 
 sphit to strike, slay; phan to whirl, whirl away, skim, qmver; phanin 
 snake (quivering, striking). Gk. ipe{So[ji,ai to discriminate, be cau- 
 tious, spare, be careful ; 09 iQvda) to split, cleave with wedge, stop with 
 wedge; otpi^v wedge, [plug]; axtvSiQp (Lat. spinier chip) a bursting 
 spark; xfva^ a shingle, clapboard, tablet (spUt); 9i^viq [cleaver, wedge- 
 bill], ossifrage; iplvw to slay; yoveui; slayer; 9ofvtoi; bloody, red; 
 yotvfaoo) to redden; yoivt^ date-fruit (crimson juice); purple; purple- 
 seller, Phoenician, (cf . Semitic adam red-blood, man) ; qjsvaxd^w, 
 xijvtxflid) to [shave, skin], cheat, gull; <fiva^ cheat; ipevctxi), xt]v(xt] 
 
— 51 — 
 
 [fraud], wig. Lat. findo {fissus) to split; fodio (fossus; sphund) to 
 
 delve; fi[d]nis, finis [cleavage], division, limit, end; fistula whistle, 
 pipe (chestnut-bark slipped from rod in spring; reed with knots bored 
 out) ; fistiica wedge-mallet, rammer (aipirjviw) ; spina thorn ; [s]paene 
 
 [close-shave], almost; funus death, burial; funestus direful. Goth. 
 
 beitan to bite; banya wound; A. S. bttan, bit, biter to bite, bit, bitter; 
 ben wound; bana, bona murderer; destruction; bdn bone (jointed, 
 severed from flesh, split for marrow); 0. N. bani death, murderer; 
 
 ben a deadly wound. R. beida pang, suffering, woe; beidniy poor; 
 
 po-beida victory (bhid) . lx.bend,benn horn; bennach peaked, moun- 
 tainous; benim, bennaim to thrust, wound; O. C. Ben-acus mountain- 
 ous, Lago di Garda (p. 45) . 
 
 Sk. spand to be tense, jerk; sphit to make tense, wrap, jerk, slap; 
 sphud to tighten, wrap; put, pid, pind to bind, draw together, press, 
 heap; pat to wrap, robe, bind; bandh, badh to bind; pad, bad to be 
 firm ; {badh also belongs to vad, vand to wrap, robe, and in this con- 
 nection recurs unchanged in Goth, bindan). Zd. pathana [made 
 
 tense, spread as tent], broad- Gk. x£v6sp(5? father-, brother-, son-in- 
 law, connection ; i:ef9(i) to [draw on, lead with rope, constrain], influence, 
 persuade; 'i:elbo\iai to be [bound in duty], obey, trust, be loyal; neiBu 
 Persuasion; icfatK; loyalty, obedience, fldelity, belief; xstsoc obedience, 
 calmness; xeia(j.«, ■rcsta'CTQp cable, rope ; xnraviq band, cohort; x(8oi;, xiOkkvt], 
 <}iiSdxvTr) [wine-skin], wine-jar; x[6y)xoi; [bare-ribs, prehensile] monkey; 
 c(pfSir), <s<fi^&<; gut, chord, string; oxfl^w to stretch out; axiSi5ei<; broad, 
 vast; cxiSv(5s [bound, bunched], compact; uxdSi^ high-strung lyre; 
 (5<flvtiq charioteer (tight-rein, lashing, sphit); cftivSuXos, cxtivSuXos 
 whirling spindle, vertebra (pund, puth to [whirl], grind); xeT(ivvu[*t, 
 xhvTKJLt to [make taut, spread tent], spread wide, extend arms, open 
 wide; (jxi6aii.ig outspread hand, span; xlTadoq broad hat, lotus-pad; 
 
 icizaXov leaf ; gold-leaf. Lat. fido to trust ; fidus faithful ; ftdes duty, 
 
 loyalty (religio); foedus treaty, compact; offendix knot; fides (-ium) 
 lyre; fidiculae [tension], rack; pateo, pando to spread wide (50); patera 
 broad bowl; spatium space; passus stretched legs or arms; fathom; 
 
 spatior to roam round. A. S. fast bound, firm (melts with pango) ; 
 
 fat [hooped] tub, vat; gold-leaf; 0. N./af cask, clothes; festr, fiotr bond, 
 chain; fetill girdle; fiott fate; Goth, fitan to [be tense], give birth; 
 fastan to hold tight; fetyan to dress, adorn; Eng. to fit, fettle; A. S. 
 [s]pdd, Goth, paida tunic, shirt; Eng. pad broad leaf; A. S. pyndan, 
 on-pinnan to confine, enclose, pen; pAnd fold, pound; 0. N. pantr, 
 0. H. G. pfant pledge, pawn; A. S. fadhtn spread arms, embrace, 
 bosom, fathom; O. H. G. fadam thread; 0. N. fit flat of hand; rim; 
 
— 52 — 
 
 woof. Lith. pinti to twist; pantis a hobble; O. R. panto fetter-, 
 
 R. p[v]itat to stretch, twist, torture, try; putat to twist, tangle, confuse', 
 
 pu^v]i fetter; Boh. pnouti to stretch. Ir. baid yearning, fond; 
 
 bdid long, continued; badh faith, friendship; bad bunch; pait leather- 
 bottle; bttden, W. byddin [united] band, troop; [p]etem thread, cord; 
 Bret, padein to control one's self, hold out, endure, last; pedost until, 
 nearly; pod, poz palm of hand; bod a bunch; O. C. padi fir tree (round, 
 wide-spread cf. abies) ; Padus broad (49). 
 
 Same roots of binding, twisting, tightening; Sk. pat to wrap, 
 robe, bind; patas cloth, robe; pat to whirl, speed; pat to go [round], 
 wrench; pan to be nimble, dextrous, play dice, toss from side to 
 side; pen to encompass, whirl, grind; phan to whirl, quiver; phanin 
 
 snake. Gk. xt^vy] weaver's yam, woof; tciqviq, "iriQvtov spool, bobbin; 
 
 •jcQvos web ; xrjviTt? weaver ; •j:i()vil^oixai to reel, weave ; nT)VEX-dicEta revolving 
 face, the old moon in the east, daughter of f Icarus {vicarius, day- 
 star) and mother of Telemachus (far-darting cf. Ejpu-B(xiQ) day-star. 
 The sun, Odysseus (wanderer) returns to her from Circe (circler, 
 the new moon in the west), through Hades, and slays the suitor stars 
 with his crescent bow, arriving drenched with ocean and in dark robes 
 of night. He bears the mark of his fight with the boar of winter. 
 Penelope was thin-faced, associated with the spent bobbin from which 
 the thread of time ran out to be woven in her fatal loom. Circe had 
 a loom in the west; xijveXot]; was a duck streaked with black and 
 
 purple (dawning night). Lat. panus, pannus, pannu-vellium (volvo) 
 
 weaver's yam; pannus cloth, piece of cloth, rag; spina [twisting] 
 
 back-bone; pone behind (tossed round). Goth, fana cloth, napkin, 
 
 rag; O. H. G. fano sheet, banner; A. S., O. H. G. spannan to stretch 
 out, span ; spinnan to spin ; O. N. [s]pina to stretch, twist, torture, pine; 
 
 sponn span; spun keg; Ger. spat protracted, late. O. R. ponyava 
 
 sheet ; o-pona awning, sail ; R. ponyava apron ; spina, spinka backbone. 
 
 W. penion flag; Bret, punein to reel, wind, twist, spin, whirl; Ir. 
 
 [p]onn a stone (hurled, cf. lapis, xkpo?). 
 
 Sk. sphat, sphant, sphutt, sphit to split with tension, burst, open, 
 escape, flash out, shoot ; pan to sport, toss ; pat to flash out ; pat {patdmi) 
 to shoot, fly, fall, drop; patrin arrow, bird; patatram bird, wing; pat- 
 man flight; patas flight, fall; patramwing, leaf. Gk.xlToiJt.at (exTd[j.Y)v, 
 
 lxTir)v; lfxTaiz,at is attracted by yap) to fly (of bird, stone, arrow); 
 xoTdo[j,ai to soar; xoTavo? soaring; xeTpos stone [hurled, cf. lapis]; 
 xsTpa cliff; xaxTafvu to glance round; xxepdv wing, feather; xrlpu^ wing, 
 flipper.flap; xt(Xov feather; xeTaXov leaf; xfxTw.xE-cvo) to fall; xdr^oi; lot, 
 
— 53 — 
 
 fate; •rcixano? river (descending) ; ictuffn;, icTwiAa fall; xruiia carcass {cad- 
 aver). Lat. peto to throw, pounce at, seek; im-petus rush; [petna], 
 
 pesna, penna fesLther; pinna vnng; prae-pes{-Us) impetuous; accipiter 
 
 falcon ((ixu-ickt]!;, swift-flying). A. S. fedher; 0. H. G. fedara, 
 
 feta feather, wing; Eng. fit of &a,Tiie;fits and starts; A. S. fitt song, lay. 
 
 0. R. puta bird; putitza sparrow; [piero], pero feather; R. ptenetz 
 
 young bird. Ir. [p]it passion, jealousy; [petn], 6n bird; 4te, ette wing; 
 
 etlaim to fly; [do-fo-et], tuit he falls; W. etn, et, atar birds; ad-anet 
 wings; O. C. Petius, Pettius, Pettonius eager, jealous. 
 
 Sk. spand to quiver, make an effort; sphut, sphund to swell, orb, 
 flash out, fly; pat to [burst, speed], flash; path, panth, pand to go, 
 move, [orb, circle]; pathas, paiham sun, water; pathis ocean; pathas, 
 
 pathin, panthan way, path; pad to go, approach. Zd. pathan way. 
 
 Gk.itatsw to tread, trample, wear out; xiTo? path, mire; xa? (itavTde) 
 
 [orbing, all-embracing], all; xovto? sea. Lat. peto to seek, desire 
 
 (cf. p. 52) re-petere to circle, come back, return; [patsus], passus step, 
 
 stride; pons-ntis bridge (cf. I- <s^f^i<; gangplank). O.H.feta (fat) to 
 
 go, seek, desire; Goth, finthan, A. S. findan to explore, discover, flnd; 
 
 A. S. [s]pddh, O. H. G. phat, phad path; A. S. padhian to lead. 
 
 O. R. panti way; R. pyatka heel (xatew); pyatit to return (repetere). 
 
 Ir. [p]dth ford; eikaim to go; ethar ferry-boat; itaim to attain, 
 
 find; \do-eii\, teit he comes, goes; O.C. ponto barge, river-boat (rowed, 
 punted, Caes.B. C. 3, 29, 3); Pontio, Ponto (boatman's joy; Poinson, 
 Ponton) ; PontpilUacus (5) ; Pontidcus (9) ; Pontivus; Pantinobriga. 
 
 Sk. spand to quiver, [flash]; sphunt to mock; pat to flash out, 
 speak; [sphand], bhand to be merry, mock, speak gaily; bhant to trick; 
 bhat, bhan to talk; bhand to rejoice; bhadras happy, lucky, noble. 
 
 Gk. (patSpd? bright, brilliant, merry; $afSpa bright moon, wife of 
 
 ©Yjaeiji; the law-giving sun; as old moon she loves Hippol3rtus the day- 
 star (son of Theseus by his first wife, the breastless Amazon, the 
 crescent-tar ged new moon), and the Agvin is torn to pieces by his 
 own horses, terrified by the darkness-dragon of Poseidon; the Vxxoupt? 
 or equi-setum (mare's tail) was called q;«fSp«; fafStiJioc; radiant, glorious. 
 
 Lat. badius chestnut-colored, bay, glossy. Goth, batan to 
 
 be happy, strong, well; batists, O. H. G. pezisto, A. S. besta noblest, 
 best. 
 
 Sk. pat to shoot, fly; pan to play dice; pad (p. p. pannas, inf. 
 anu-pattum) to play dice; [same verb, melting with path to go] to^light 
 upon], step upon, be firm, stride, go; padam step, foot-print, spot, 
 
— 54 — 
 
 place, verse, region; padatis, pattis foot-man; pad, padas foot, root of 
 
 tree; padukd shoe. Zd. pad to go; padha foot. Gk. -icoi? (icoSd?) 
 
 foot; Tsl,6<; on foot; xsBov ground; xeBfov plain; xeSdw to hobble, con- 
 strain; xeSt] control, horsebreaking, hobble, shackle; dvZpx-izohll.bi to 
 [hobble, break], enslave a man; axoSew to stamp, crush; axoSdq dust, 
 
 ashes (melt with p. 48). Lat. pes [pedis) foot; pedum shepherd's 
 
 crook (hooking in sheep's foot); pedica hobble, fetter; trilp]-pudium 
 leap, dance (Tepxw); [pediolus], petiolus stalk; pedes foot-soldier; 
 pediculus louse (invader; Gk. (pOEip, Ir. mil); petigo itch; Pedum plain 
 (foot of Apennines) ; [podno], pono (cf. pannas) to put, place; [pudvis], 
 pulvis dust; [pud-vinar; veneror, /raivlw], pulvlnar place of honor, 
 
 couch of gods (cf. lac-Unar, beautiful-trough, recess, panel). Goth. 
 
 fotus; O. H. G. ftioz foot; O. N. ^/ sole of foot; palm of hand; A. S. 
 fedhe, fedha infantry (pattis) ; fetian to bring; Ger. [sjPfote paw; Eng. 
 pat, Ger. pasz at the right spot; Eng. to pat, pet; Ger. patschen 
 to tap, stroke, fondle (animal's play) ; Ger. pHtzen to smooth, sleek, 
 adorn ; Eng. puss cat (cf . Sk. mar^aras sleeker, cat ; felo, felis) ; Eng. 
 to ^Mi = place; to putter; putty; a potter (clay-smoother); O. N. pottr 
 
 pot. Lith. padas sole; peda footprint; O. R. padan to drop; R. 
 
 padat to fall; po-padat to arrive, carry, overtake; pod- under? Ir. 
 
 [p]ed place, space; [p]ad-art [high-place], pillow (cf. pulvinar); ad-ba, 
 aide, dit dwelling-place; ada possession, belonging; Bret, pod, poz 
 palm of hand; poz couplet (cf. padam) ; O. C. Pedulus, Podiolum. 
 
 Sk./^o ipaye, c&us., pdlaydmi, developed hyri, yar, al,yal intensive 
 and causal termination) to grasp, guard, [encompass, circle]; pal, pal 
 to guard; pdlas keeper, shepherd, king; pal, pall, \falv\, plav, pli, 
 pru to circle, go round, move; paldy to turn, flee ((peuyw); palvalas 
 [circling], prairie-sink, pond; palalas mire; palitas [orbing sky, dawn], 
 whitish, gray; palas [rounded] flesh; palas [whirled], chafE, straw; 
 palyul to twist, tear off, tear out; spulen, purify; pil to hurl, whirl; 
 pil to [set a stake], be firm, strong, ward off; pel to circle, revolve; 
 pelavas [twisted, fine-spun], thin; {palv\, plu, pru to whirl (wind and 
 water), blow, eddy; spulen, float, swira; plush, prush to whirl in flame, 
 blaze; to toss round, distribute, sprinkle; plev to [hand roimd], serve; 
 [palv, pval], pul, pal, par, pri to round out, swell out, be full, great; 
 to heap, be high; sphal, sphar, sphur to [be full to bursting], whirl, 
 quiver, burst out, sparkle, flash, speed; phel, pel to whirl, quiver; phd, 
 phull to burst forth, bud, blossom, round fruit, spread wide, open; 
 phala fruit ; pallavas bud, sprout ; paldQam leaf ; pulas, pulakas bristling, 
 eagei;, rounded out; [bhal], bal to [round out], feed, nourish; bdlas, 
 bdlakas [foetus], pigmy, baby, child; phalam [sparkling, flashing] 
 
— 55 — 
 
 arrow; phdlas plowshare (burster); bhallas arrow; bhal, bhall, bal, 
 bharv, bharbh to shoot, slay, hunt, roam, explore; barb, barbh to revolve; 
 babhrus flashing, ruddy, restless, ichneumon; bhram to circle, roam, 
 whirl, spin, rattle, buzz; bhramaras bee (these roots melt with vri, 
 volvo to embrace, circle); bal to twist, whirl, confuse, wrench off; 
 balas horse-hair, tail; baligas wild, stupid; barbaras stupid, mad; 
 balam force; balukd sand, gravel (whirled, eddying); sphar, sphur 
 to [be full to bursting], whirl, spark, flash, speed ; prl to [flash out], 
 shoot beyond, go beyond, go across, [pierce] ; pri to fly round, be busy, 
 work ; paras beyond, across ; param beyond, through ; pra, prati oppo- 
 site, in front ; pari around (encircling, recurring, returning ring) ; 
 parut former; para backward; pri, pri, parv, purv, pUr to fill, satiate, 
 feed, [shepherd], protect, be liberal; par to complete; [sphri, phri], 
 bhri to [be full, great with child], give birth, bring forth, carry, nourish, 
 support, pay; pri, spri to feed, make happy, protect, [be happy], 
 live; pri to exhilarate, rejoice, love; plih to revolve, round; plihan 
 spleen; sprih to desire, be eager, envy; sprig to grasp, touch, bathe, 
 splash; spargas touch, breeze; pri^ to stir, mix, make ends meet, 
 join; prish to sprinkle; prush to sprinkle, hurl away, pour out, fill, 
 love, whirl, blaze; plush, plus to bum, toss round, distribute; parushas 
 fierce; purushas wind, life, man, servant (active); prakh to be eager, 
 entreat, question; pras to beget; plaksh to devour; sphurMh to be 
 [whirled, dizzy], forgetful; sphur^ to [whirl], roar (of wind), rage, 
 thunder; [sphring, phring], bhringas [buzzer], bee; bhrigata vehemence; 
 bhrigas exceedingly, much ; bhrang, bhrans, bhrag to [be hurled down], 
 fall; bhrangas ruin; bhra^^, bhri^ to [turn on spit, scorch], roast; 
 bhresh, bhlesh to [whirl, be dizzy], fear; bhrd^, bhre^, bhrag, bhlag, to flash 
 round, shine; spardh [to flash round the race-track], rival, overtake, 
 be equal; [sphran], bhran to [rattle, rumble], sound; prid to enjoy, be 
 glad; prin to satiate, fill; prith to hurl round, spread round; prithus 
 wide, large; prithivi world; prath to spread out, widen, become famous. 
 
 (The following roots and their meanings melt into each other.) 
 
 Sk. pal, pal {palayami, pdlaydmi) to [grasp], guard, encompass; pri 
 to fill, encompass, guard; pur, puram town; pdlas keeper, guardian, 
 
 lord, king; pdlanas wardership, care; pdlavi round bowl. Gk. 
 
 . d^jKpi-icoXlo to keep, guard, minister, serve, act as priest; i^l-izoXo^ 
 attendant, minister, priest; &\)^l-'Ko'kiq warding, guarding a city; 
 aJ-TcdXo? goat-herd; IloXia?, Uolisuq guarder of the city (Athene, Zeus) ; 
 icoXfl^o) to build, colonize; dxpi-itoXts citadel; ic6Xk;, xrdXi?, ircoVsOpov 
 city (walled); oitoXdts buff-jerkin [protector]; cxaXfuv pent-house. 
 
— 56 — 
 
 vinea, shelter for besieging troops; ({laXf? vault, crypt; ax&\a^, d-aiciXa^, 
 i-cf&Xx^ mole (subterranean; & euphon.); cxaXaxfa blindness; axdXiov, 
 .pdiXiov ring, chain, curb; •S^iliov bracelet; i^eXtdw to wreathe; tpaXf? 
 shears (bent rod with sharpened ends) ; &a%akuuo^ai to use a [curved] 
 hook, to angle; xaXa, xsXXf?, xeXf^vr) milk-tub, basin, bowl; xeXa? 
 [within the circle], neighboring, hard by; tcMaloi; near, neighbor; 
 i:&k<Si.-z-r]q neighbor, tenant; xeXa^w, [TcsXaGw], xXdOw to approach; xXijv 
 [beyond the circle], except, unless; xXY]v-(iSio? out of the road, unjust; 
 <J)T)X-a9dw to handle, grip, grope (axTw). Lat. palus [ring-wall], palis- 
 ade, stake (cf. vallum, vallus) ; [ovi-palyo\ o-pilio shepherd ; ^eZuij bowl, 
 
 basin (J>dlavi); palla, pallium, paludamentum cloak. O. N. fdlatr 
 
 self-controlled, silent; FdZa fatal, gnm; fela to [grip hard], hide, entrust 
 
 for safety, empfehlen; [s]pallr stockade, stage. R. ^ofebrim, margin, 
 
 field; pol floor (circular hut) ; polosa zone, region, band; polyana field, 
 
 clearing; pelenat to swaddle. Ir. lp]all rein (control)? Bret. 
 
 palon, paelon earthen dish, frying-pan ; /^iZig basin; palen dyke. 
 
 Sk. pal, pall, [palv], plav, pli, plu, pru to circle, revolve, eddy, 
 
 move round; pari around; para backward. Gk. xoXlw, xoXeuM to 
 
 roam round, wander, turn [earth with plow]; (it»,(pt-xoX£(i) to go about, 
 be busy, serve; xwXIw to wander as merchant, exchange, barter, 
 deal, sell; xXavctw to roam, straggle; xXdevY]? vagabond, rover; sx(xXoov 
 [enfolding] omentum; St-xXdo? twofold; xsXtSpta [recurring] harvest- 
 feast (foipa period) ; xlXup, xsXwptov prodigy, portent, monster (recur- 
 ring cycle; miracle of old times) ; xaXaidq ancient; xdXac long ago; xaXtv 
 backward, anew, again; XlaX-aiiJLUv home-bringer, port-god (yam to 
 wheel, speed) ; IlaXtv-oupoi; good-wind-home (aSpa); xXtqiaviq hub, socket. 
 
 Lat. palari to roam round, stray; po-pulari to maraud, ravage; 
 
 [palanus], planus vagabond, tramp; planari to roam, [soar]; sem-per 
 
 [sen- per} long-time, always; />aMZi5-^er a little while. Goth, spillon 
 
 to [roam far], bring tidings, news; spill [ancient], legend, myth; 0. N. 
 
 fol, fair, O. H. G. fali [peddled], for sale. R. parit to soar; 
 
 parus sail (wrapped) ; polin worm-wood (coiling) ; polu- half [way 
 round, other side of circle]; pol sex; polotno cloth (wrapped); plaiit 
 
 to [return], pay. Ir. [p]ilur eagle (circling); ilar crowd; W. llan 
 
 field, clearing, lawn; Bret. pH long ago, afar; polinat to scull; 0. C. 
 Medio[p\lanum mid-plain. 
 
 Sk. pari adv. around; prep, with ace. aroimd, opposite; intensive 
 
 prefix, "twofold, double"; cf. dvi, Sta- Zd. pairi adv. around; 
 
 prep, (ace.) around; abl. in front, over (upper of two hoop-ends; 
 melts with xapd) ; prefix intens. ; param hereafter. Gk. xepf prep. 
 
— 57 — 
 
 (dat.) around; (gen.) about, concerning, opposite, beyond; Tcspil round 
 
 about; xsptaertii; exceedingly; suffix -xep however much. Lat. per- 
 
 prefix intens. ; per-magnus very great (twofold) ; \j>]re prefix of revolu- 
 tion, repetition ; re-peto. Goth, fair- pref . intens. ; Eng. for- give. 
 
 R. pere- prefix, around ; pere- pref. intens. ; pri close, near. Ir.[p]er 
 
 prefix intens.; er-co-smil=per-similis; W. er-drym very compact; Bret. 
 ' per- arein to plow thoroughly, (melts with Sk. paras excellent, chief) ; 
 O. C. art- intensive prefix. 
 
 Sk. para [rolling] back (cf. %ik\oi.i), away, hence; paraM turned away; 
 
 pura formerly, of old; puranas ancient. Zd. para before. Gk. %p6 
 
 adv., prep, with gen., before (of time); xap- neg. pref.; xap-aiTlw to 
 
 deprecate; i:ap-«ipE(i) to deprive. Lat. per neg. pref.; per-peram very 
 
 badly; pro before (time). Goth, fairnis ancient; faur-biudan to 
 
 for-bid. R. pro- pref. neg. ipro-igrivat to lose at play; Lith. par back. 
 
 Ir. [p]dr defeat, ruin; ar therefore ; Bret, per-hen ancient stock, race 
 
 {sen) . 
 
 Sk. par-ut last year; par-uttnas last year's {vat to circle, fETo? year). 
 -Gk. Tcip.uat, Dor. xep-UTi last year; xep- U(7iv6<; last year's; Ilepffe-cpovir) 
 
 last year's death ; Ilspoe-ipaaaa last year's glory (seed hidden in earth) . 
 
 M. H. G. vert, vernent, vern last year, adv. Ir. [p]iiraid last 
 
 year {riad circle); lp]uraigid the spring begins; lir, liir cold ground, 
 church-yard mold, evil; iirde earthen, human, fresh; liar cold; tiar&n 
 spring-well {vanna). 
 
 Sk. pal, [palv} to circle [stir, knead] (cf . plav, parv, purv) ; palvalas 
 
 pool, pond; palalas mire. Gk. HiQXeiji; circling sea (cf. Tpkuv, 
 
 ' k]^ix^kr\) ; XT)X(5(; earth, clay, mire, mortar; \pavl, pul], iJ^dXo? soot; 
 
 (jioXdst? unwashed clothes, mourning; uxIXeeo?, x^XeSo? mire, dung. 
 
 Lat. paliis {-udis) swamp {undo); palustris swampy; puls{-tis) por- 
 ridge (stirred); pullus soiled, dark, mourning. A. S. fullian to 
 
 bleach; [s]p6l, pill; M. H. G. pfuol pool, puddle. ^R. [poleso], pleso 
 
 lake; Pelso ancient name of Lake Balaton. Ir. [p]elmm to splash, 
 
 defile; W. pwl, Bret, poul pool, belly; O. C. Poliacus. 
 
 Sk. [palv to round, shape]; pdlavl round bowl; pul to roll up, heap, 
 
 form; palas, flesh. Gk. xwXo? colt; xwXfov caul, [embryo], young 
 
 animal, foal; iizixXoov = omentum; xXsujjiuv lung (filling, swelling). 
 
 Lat. pullus cub, foal. Goth, fula, O. N.foli, fyl colt, filly. R. pht 
 
 flesh, skin; O. R. plusti cheese; R. plotina dyke; plotnik carpenter 
 (shaper); polotno cloth; pol sex; pleva membrane; polost cavity. 
 
— 58 — 
 
 Ir. \j>]ul embryo; ulad [womb], tomb; ol [around], about, concerning, 
 because. 
 
 Sk. [palv], pul to roll up, [orb, dawn]; palitas gray, white-haired. 
 
 Gk. zdXo; rolling sky; xsXo?, xeXtd?, xsXtSvd? (elSo?) gray, leaden, 
 
 livid, niX-ot}) dark-face, dawn; ELsX-aaYot dark-skins; xeX-apfdq [black- 
 and-white] stork; xeXsta pigeon (gray); xoXid? gray, grizzled, foam- 
 crested [sea]. Lat.palleoto be livid, pale; polio to polish; [p]lividus 
 
 [bruised], black and blue, Uvid. A. S. fealav, O. H. G. falawu, 
 
 O. N. folr fallow, tawny. O. R. plavu white; Lith. palvas fallow; 
 
 pilkas ash-colored. Ir. \p\Kath gray; liiaih ashes; luaidhe lead. 
 
 Sk. pa, (pdlayami) to grasp, encompass; [palv to circle]; pil to 
 twist, whirl, hurl; pil to [set stake], be firm, [fortify], obstruct, ward off. 
 
 Gk. xlXo? felt, felt hat, shoes, mat ; twist, ball ; xcXew to make felt, 
 
 compress, pack hard; luiXvaw to draw close, approach; xtjXiq^ helmet 
 
 (originally felt cap) ? Lat. pilleus, pileus felt cap. O. H. G. file 
 
 felt; O. N. fiall mountain (enclosure, defence; cf. Goth, bairgahei). 
 
 'Si. pulyahsXl. Ir. [p]iall a thong; [p]aill high?; iall flock (guarded). 
 
 Sk. pal to go round ; palas chaff, straw ; palyul to bathe, cleanse ; palay 
 
 to turn, flee; pil to hurl, whirl; pilus arrow; pel to circle, revolve. 
 
 Gk. xeXw to revolve, recur, exist; xdXo? pivot, hinge; xuXy) door, gate; 
 xaXXa ball ; trxiXdu to splash ; cxfXo? stain ; tl;sXXd(; trembling, stammering. 
 
 Lat. pila ball, mortar, stake, pillar; pilum javelin ; /?afea chaff; pala 
 
 winnowing shovel. 0. H. G. spilla, Eng. spill, spile, pile roimded 
 
 stake, peg ; Ger. spulen to eddy, wash, bathe ; spielen to dance round, 
 
 play; [s]Pfeil arrow; 0. N. spilla to dash out, ruin, spoil. R. pyalit 
 
 to glance round; p[v]il, flame, ardor, dust; pepel ashes; palit to blaze, 
 
 flash, fire. Ir. [p]uall [whirling up] pride, burden; iZallann high; 
 
 0. C. pilentum swift carriage; Pilh; Pili-gnus (son of roamer) ; Pilagus 
 (Pelagius) merchant; Pillidcus; Billike trader's post (Billig near Trier; 
 Germ, billig cheap). 
 
 Sk. palyul to twist, tear off, tear out; strip off, wash off; pel to 
 
 whirl ;peZaua5 [twisted], fine-spun, thin, delicate. Gk. ((liXds stripped 
 
 bare, naked; (JjiXdu to strip, rob; <rxfXov cat-gut. Lat. pilus hair; 
 
 pilo, spolio to strip, rob, pillage. A. S. fedlian, 0. H. G. ftlon to 
 
 scrape, rasp, file ; Ger. spulen to wash off. R. pilit to [pluck], tease, 
 
 scratch, scrape, file, saw, twang; pila saw; Lith. piela, Pol. pilnik 
 
 file. Ir. [p]ld, hair, flock of wool; Hint to revile, accuse; Bret, pilh 
 
 naked; pilhon rag. 
 
— 59 — 
 
 Same roots. Gk. ^iXka [stripped] skin, leather; xlXa? skin; 
 
 Ipuof-xeXa? red-skin. Lat. pellis skin. Goth, thruts-fill leprosy 
 
 (scraped skin); filleins, G.H.G./e/Kn leathern. Ir. [p]altan skinning- 
 
 knife, sharp knife; altnide sharp; [p\loaihar skin. 
 
 Sk. \palv\, plav, [parv], parb to go round; plu (_plavdmi, pupluve, 
 causat. p.p. pldvitas; intens. popluydmi) to [eddy], float, swim, sail, 
 spulen, wash, dive, blow, soar, leap across, invade; plavas ship, swim- 
 ming, leap ; plavagas frog (swimmer, leaper) ; plavin bird ; pravanas [flow- 
 ing] down-hill, inclined, eager. Gk. iXIfc) (icXsuao(Jia[, Ion. xXwu) to 
 
 sail, swim, float, travel; icXdoi; voyage, journey, motion of snake; 
 %\i3iiq soaring, floating (birds, clouds) ; xXwci^p sailor, swimmer; xXiivu to 
 wash ;xXuv'n^p trough, tub ; SaxpuxXtoto to blubber ; [xXaf pa], Xaipa channel, 
 gutter, rione, alley ; IlXsiaSs? rain-stars (like 'TdSe?) , appearing at evening 
 in Sept. after summer drought (not the heliacal rising ; cf . Orion = winter- 
 giant) ; a-xXooq unseaworthy ; xXiQtJivY) hub (revolving) ; xXaSo? abundance 
 of liquid (cf . xsXas, xeXdl^w, xXoteu) ; xXotSapd? wet, watery, insipid ; xptjvq? 
 
 [easy course], down-hill. Lat. per-plovere to (flow through), leak; 
 
 pluvia rain ; pluit it rains ; [ploveso], ploro to weep ; [plavistrum], plaus- 
 trum wagon; [pJUnter canoe; po-ples [leaper], ham-string; pluma [wing], 
 feather; redup. [po-pluo], polluo to defile; prdvus [circling, turning, 
 shying], inclined to evil ; [pravanus], pronus down-hill, forward, falling 
 forward; [pravas, provus], probus [steering, driving, guiding well], 
 just, honest (cf. R.) ; [provus-per], prosper good time, lucky (cf. p. 56) ; 
 [prav-brum], probrum gee! driver's shout; abuse, imprecation; [prav— 
 verbium], proverbium directing, guiding word, proverb ; [pravasa], prosa 
 direct discourse, prose; [prav-vincia], provincia [wise grip, good driv- 
 ing; cf. vincio; Mwcza handful], government, province. Goth, flddus 
 
 river ; 0. H. G. flewiu to float, wash ; fiiuzu to flow ; O. N. fley swift boat ; 
 fliotr swift, ready; fliodh girl; flotti flight (flit, flutter, fluster); A. S. 
 
 fledn to flee; fledm flight. 0. R. plovan, pluyan (inf. pluti) to sail; 
 
 ^/aw ship; R. plot raft; plutat to rove; plut vugsibond; plevat to [foam], 
 spit; plotva fish; pl[v]it to sail; pravit to [drive horse], rule, be just; 
 pravda truth ; pravleniy government ; pleinyat to sweep into captivity, 
 charm; plyasat to dance; [plavaW], plaU tears; Lith. plusti to flood; 
 
 plaukti to swim; plauyu to eddy, wash; plautis snuffling. Ir. [p]ld 
 
 water; lind[%\uvffip, linter], water, pool, lake; Loch- lind Norway (fiord- 
 water) ; loimm wave, draught, milk; Hamain flying; Ham boat, helms- 
 man; Maim to move the body; luamnach roaming, leaping, volatile, 
 fickle; lothor channel; loth mire; Bret, leitiat to steer; O.C. Pleveus 
 (potter's name) ; Plavis river; plovum, ploum Rhaetian plow on wheels 
 (Tyrolese plof, Ger. Pflug) ; Provilidcus; Pravius, Pruvius, Probiacus. 
 
— 60 — 
 
 Sk. plu, plav to eddy, flow, [pour]; [paru], parb to move round; 
 purv, pur, pri to fill, be full; pul, pul to heap up, round up, be great; 
 pilr (p.p. puritas, purnas) to bend bow, stuff, stretch, round out, fill, 
 satisfy ; pri (prinami, piparmi) to fill, satiate, be bountiful, encompass, 
 guard; purus (Ved. pulus) much; pulas large; pranas, purnas, full; 
 
 pur, puris, purl, puram town. Zd. par to fill; perena full. 
 
 Gk. TcoXu? (xXscuv, xXelaTO?) much; xdXiq town (melts with p. 55); 
 [x]X(av exceedingly; [icptiicpT]?], tcXyipt)? full, satiated; luXsupa, icXeupdv 
 side, rib (bowed, tense); x(;AiiXY);j,t to fill; xKr^^dz, xX^6o? crowd; xXe/ru? 
 full; xXouato? rich; xXouto? [abundance], Wealth; IlXouroi; god of wealth; 
 nXouTcov king of Hades (mines); a-xXsToi; boundless; [xjXYjvd? trough, 
 wine -vat; xXT)iJi,-iAupf? full sea, high tide {marv, muria); [xJXTjpo? 
 [superfluity], nonsense, chatter; xXtqv [overflow; all else]; except; 
 
 more than; beyond; xXif][ji.-iJisXiQ(; out of tune, faulty, erring. Lat. 
 
 im-pleo to fill; (O. Lat. ex-plenunt); plenus full; [pleves], plebes, plebs 
 crowd (cf. plav) ; plus ([plusis], pluris) more; po- pulus people (renewing 
 generations) ; poplar (rounding out after trimming) ; pulmo lung 
 (filling out) ; polenta porridge (filling) ; [pjlautus, Plautus (rich) ; polleo 
 to be [rounded, muscular], strong; Pollio; [P]Liris full stream {ri 
 to speed) ; larix [overflow, resin], larch ; lorica chain-mail [resembling 
 
 larch bark]. Goth, fulls full; fulld fullness; filus much, many; 
 
 flautan to be puffed up, boast; O. H. G. fol full; folk people; 0. N. 
 fiol much ; fior lifetime, tree, wood (Eng. fir rounding, filling, abies) ; 
 fylki province; heap; fylktng battle-array; fior [xXeupa] moimd to 
 
 keep hut dry; round, smooth surface, floor, FZwr. O. R. plunu full; 
 
 pluku crowd, people; piemen tribe; R. polk regiment. Ir. [p]ldn 
 
 full; ldn-a[n]mnas full-soul, wedlock; Idr plenty, abundance; co-ldr, 
 galore in plenty; Idr (Flur) soil, centre; linaim to fill; lin [full] share, 
 number; Idn food, fat; com-alnaim to fill;/of-dt7 abundance; 61 drink; 
 il much; ilar crowd; oil great, almighty; ollam high-druid; ellam per- 
 fection ;Zar^we brood-mare; W. lloer. Cor. luur, Bret, loervaoon (fulling, 
 rounding; Lat. ZMn(iMS= moon-lit); Bret. oZ all; fo^rtub; puilhahnnd- 
 ance; Ian full; landed fulness (plenitas); plou, ploeu clan, village 
 {plebs); O. C. Ver-ulamium druid's glory; (Maidulf=wati/i-oZZaw?); 
 Pauliacus, Polidcus (fertile, PoilU, Pouilly; 75) ; Plaridcum, Plerindcus; 
 Larius lake ; Plinius (rich) ; Olana (full) mouth of Po ; Olaura, Ollius, 
 Olillus (Ir. Ailill). 
 
 Sk. [plav, parv], purv, pur to round, fill, stuff, make tense; sphar, 
 sphal, sphur [to be full to bursting, tense, tightly bound, swell, round 
 out], quiver, throb, burst, sparkle, flash out, twang, whirl, whirl up, 
 rise, seek, be eager; sphdras swollen, large, loud; sphuras, sphuranam 
 
— 61 — 
 
 quivering, jerking; vi-sphdritam speeding; bharv to shoot, kill; bhram 
 to whirl, quiver, shake, roam, dash out; bhuris [swollen], much; 
 bhrunas foetus [swelling in womb]; bhrun to [whirl, tremble], hope, 
 fear; bhran to sound; bhri to tremble, fear, [swell out], feed; babhr to 
 
 rove, roam; bharv, bharbh to [brandish], hurl. Gk. crxafpti) to quiver, 
 
 jerk, gasp; auapocacu to burst, rend, tear; oicsfpt.) to [spark out], cast, 
 scatter, sow, beget; sxlpixa, oxopoc seed, sowing; oxsipa [jerked tight], 
 coil of snake, cable, bond, twist, company; oxdpTov reed, [binder, 
 oxoivoq]; cable; oxupfq basket; xsfptv? wicker chariot-body; oqiatpa 
 ball [jerked]; aipupdv ankle [tense, sinew,]; aqiupa hammer (stamping); 
 [sxspva], xTspva heel, footstep, ham-string, ham; xIpvY] ham; ippuvY) 
 toad (hopper, sperno); yupdw, fiipo) to [swell, round out, jerk], roll, 
 knead, stir, mix; fXaw to press, crush, eat; (fXid doorpost; xopipupo) 
 to roll in waves; (piapdq nimble, gleaming (as wave); xopipiipa purple 
 (much stirred; the dye was spoiled if it came to a boil) ; ipopuvo, cpopiaao) 
 to defile; ipwp rambler, vagabond, thief; qiupib) to rummage, detect; 
 9poups(i) to [make the rounds], guard; <f(:{jdi(sao\i.ai to snort, whinny, 
 curvet, be in a heat; (papo? [whirled, wrapped], sheet, shroud, 
 web, mantle; (pp-QV [jerking] midriff, heart, solar plexus, passion, 
 thought; [(pp^veat?] passion, madness; ippovlw to [revolve], think, 
 plan (bhrun) ; i^&p starling [nimble]; [ajxtSpi?, xopTi? heifer, girl (frisky) ; 
 x6pvY); i^aigtd to ripple, rustle, whisper, tickle; xtaEpw to [jerk], sneeze; 
 [<j]xY)p6(i) to twist off, mutilate; xi^pa pouch (jogging; cf. quiver); 
 [axeXsa], xtsXIa elm [rustling]; XTsXa? boar [rushing]; aipdXXo) to 
 jerk, trip, hurl, cheat; (KpaXXo? quoit; dtaipaXi]? immovable, secure; 
 afaXeprf? [tripping], dangerous; (pdXapa rattling ornaments; xEXstiEl^o) 
 to quiver, strive, draw bow; xdXsfAo?, xt(5Xsixo<; war; xdXXa^ youth; 
 xdXXoiAac to quiver, quake, leap; xdtXXw to aim, brandish, hurl; xaXi«,(5<; 
 palpitation, vibration; xiXo? lot; xdXf), xatxdXiQ dust, flour; xaXafw to 
 jerk, wrestle; xaXeiiu to trap, catch; i^tikoKfatii to grip, grope (Sxru) ; 
 icoikd^vt] palm of hand, sleight, art ; xaXijvu, xaXdaati) to sprinkle ; xIXjjlk sole 
 of foot ; ^uXXa flea [nimble] ; ([jEXXfi^w to [quiver], stammer; ij^aXf? nippers, 
 shears ; (pdXXw to cause to quiver, play lyre ; 6G<fp(xivo\>.M to snufE, scent 
 
 (d euphonic). Lat. spiro to gasp, pant, breathe; ad- spiro to pant 
 
 after, long for; sperno to kick; [spternuto], sternuto to sneeze; spurius 
 [kicked away; not taken up by father], contemptible, false, illegitimate; 
 Spurius light-foot ; pario (peperi) to quiver, be in labor-pangs ; a-p-pareo 
 to flash out, to appear; a-perio to fling open (cf. shut = shoot, slam); 
 porro quickly, at once? parr a pie (tpdp); perna ham-string, thigh; 
 pern-ix swift; Calpurnius (sciXXw-xIpvir) swift-shank); pero shoe, boot; 
 [s]fallo to trip up, cheat; [s]ferio to slap, smite; ferula reed; fur vaga- 
 bond, thief; for- mica crumb-stealer, ant; furfur chaff; fullo to stamp. 
 
— 62 — 
 
 trample; pello to [brandish, aim], hurl; palma palm of hand; palam 
 [on the palm, mani-festus], openly; pulmo lung; palpito to throb; 
 pulpitum stage (trampled, stamped) ; palpo to grope, feel, grip; pulpa 
 
 [crushed], pulp; sporta basket (aicapirov) . A. S. spura heel; spora 
 
 spur; spurnan, O. H. G. ^^ordw to kick; O. H. G. spor footstep; 
 spriu spray, chaff; Goth, ferya tracker, ioe;fairinon to assail, accuse; 
 sparva sparrow {^d(,) ; [s]plinsyan to dance (cf.R.); O.N. spior spear; 
 spira tiara; spilla to dash out, ruin; bdra wave (bharv); A. S. fellan 
 to fell (a(paXXw, xaXXu, ;f ^Zfo) ; /eH treachery; anger; declivity, hill 
 (Fels cf. xsxpa) ; fear bull; heah-fore heifer (paf to bound) ; O. N. fals 
 trick, cheat; /a/r grip, handle; fdlma to grope, tremble; flaumr over 
 haste; A. S. folm (0. H. G. volma) palm of hand; O. Sax. fAlma to shake; 
 A. S. felan to touch [with palm], feel (cf. palpo); fldn arrow; flU 
 zeal; far sudden action, attack, start, danger, fear; O. H. G. ana-fak 
 
 anvil {incudem). Lith. spirti, spardyti to strike out, thrust; spartas 
 
 bond (axapTov); R. spor quarrel; [ippsv] branit to quarrel; pareniy 
 soaring; paren lad, brisk; par [bubbling] steam; spertiy compressed; 
 spletat to twist, bind; sprut cuttle-fish; portit to burst, spoil; por[v\w 
 a start, dash; pryast to spin; pryalka spindle; pryatat to roll up, hide; 
 
 plyasat to dance. Ir. [sptrennim], srennim to snore; [spron], sron 
 
 nose; [p]ldm hand; Idmain to try, venture; bdire hurling match ((j(palpa, 
 spior) ; bara wrath ; borr proud, mad ; bronnaim to dash out, lavish, 
 vanish; brden drops, rain, [tears]; brdn sorrow; bulle a blow; bullech 
 pugilist, bully; Gael, spairn gasp; W. brennyn king; param to make 
 an effort; Com. spar to box; Bret, parrat to dodge, parry, escape; 
 spern thorn; spirein to reach, attain; barnein (fpoveu) to estimate, 
 judge; barren legal bar; baron, judge; lammein to snatch; lam start, 
 fall {palma, pello) ; O.C. sparos dart; Porios, Pores, Sporus (charioteer) ; 
 Parr a, Paronnus, Paridius, Sparus; Spira (Speier)= post-station; 
 Baro[n], Baroniusf 
 
 Sk. sphar, sphal, sphur to quiver, flash, glitter, twang (bowstring) ; 
 bharv, barh to injure; bal to cut off, strike; to dash out, explore; 
 
 phdlas plowshare. Gk. (JjaXf? shears? (papoqplow ; (papico to plow; fopxe? 
 
 furrows; ipapni? wrinkle; <fdpoq, cpapuy^ cleft, gulf, maw; (fdpay^ cleft, 
 ravine (cf. R.); faXay^ log; 4>(5pxu(; abyss. Hades, depth of sea (marine, 
 infernal and dawn god like Poseidon ; his daughters were the Gorgons) ; 
 
 (fop%6c; [foaming, dawning], gray; ipccpao? slice; fopfvr] hide (skinned). 
 
 Lat. ferio to strike, cut; for- f ex [slit-maker]; for-pex [fleece-slitter], 
 
 shears; furca [cleft], mountain gorge {Furculae Caudinae). A. S. 
 
 [s]furh, O. H. G. furuh furrow? Goth, biari wild beast (tearing) ; A. S. 
 berian to strip, empty, make room (entbehren) ; O. N. berya to strike, 
 
— 63 — 
 
 assail; ierr stripped, bare; biorn bear, warrior; bdlkr beam, section. 
 
 R. [barit], brit to shave; bars panther; birka cut, shape; biriok wolf; 
 
 burka short cloak; balka ravine; hewed-timber (qjo^pa-y?, (paXay^). 
 
 Ir. berraim to chop, cut short; berran pain; berna chasm; 6tV spit, goad; 
 brot sting; Bret, bbr short; bSr, bir spit, arrow, pang; O. C. Berones 
 pike-men; birros short cloak; Birro, Birrius. 
 
 Sk. sphur to jerk, whirl, swell ; bhrunas foetus [coiled in womb] ; bhriin 
 to [whirl, tremble], hope, fear; bhri to ieav;bharv to [hurl, whirl] shoot; 
 barb to rove, roam; babhrus [stirred clay, wallowing], tawny; barbaras 
 
 [dizzy], stupid. Gk. (pupaw, fijpw to mix, stir, knead; fijpayia dough; 
 
 (pwp vagrant; yopivu, ipopijcjaw to whirl, defile; (ppeap (-axo?) well (pipe, 
 bore, welling water) ; <^pecefcw court of exiles (interdiction of water) ; 
 qiuXas coiling, hibernating; ipuXetJ? den; ipauXo? lazy, wretched, worth- 
 less; (plp^o to [roam], pasture, feed, guard; fop^ij pasture, fop^dc, 
 brood-mare; ipXIi); ((pXe^d?) pulsating vein; ^dp^ixo? lyre; P(5p§opo<; mire 
 
 (xop9upu); pippapoq, stammering, foreign. Lat. foro to bore; 
 
 forum market place (circling, crowded, or 96pa) ; ferveo to boil up ; 
 Ifervimentum], fermentum yeast ; furvus, fulvus, flavus tawny [wallow- 
 ing]; balbus stammering; bullio to boil up; bulla bubble; [(pupa^jia], 
 formus hot iron (malleable, doughy, welding) ; for-ceps tongs (capio) ; 
 [fruo-se], friwr to [wrap one's self in, coil up, rest], enjoy (melts with 
 
 frug to grasp, gather). A. S. borian, O. H. G. poron to bore; Goth. 
 
 brunna, A. S. burna spring, well (boiling up, cf. 0. H. G. sot from 
 siodan) ; Goth, brinnan, A. S. brinnan, beornian to [whirl], blaze, bum; 
 Goth, brinno fever; brunyo armor; A. S. briln sun-burned, brown; 
 
 Mr sleeping room (coiling place); Eng. blob; blubber (yXetj;). R. 
 
 buravit to bore; borov boar (wallowing, wheeUng, cf. Ir. tore); buran 
 whirlwind; burlit to whirl; bur den; bur[v]iy tawny; brevno tree-trunk 
 
 (rounded). Ir. brtH brim; brd mill-stone; brad roar of sea; bred, 
 
 bruth flame; briiim to grind, crush; berbaim to boil, borb mire; burbe 
 folly (dizziness); borrfad rage; barr[v] [round] head; bruinne breast 
 (cf . brunna) ; W. brynn, Bret, brenn round hill ; W. beryn turban, head 
 (Bret, barr); Bret, birein to swirl, flow; boar [dizzy], deaf; beriiein 
 to boil ; burben a boil ; O. C. briva brae, bank ; Isaro-briva wharf of Isfere ; 
 Borvo, Borbo, Bormo god of hot springs; Aquae Borbonis; Borbeto— 
 magus; Cuno-barrus high-head; Barro-vindus white-head; Barronius. 
 
 Sk. sphur to quiver with fullness; bhrl to quiver, fear, [round out], 
 feed; bhrunas foetus; bhri (bhardmi, bibharmi) to bear (originally of 
 gestation, child-birth [rounding out, quivering], then of child in arms) ; 
 to carry, support, nourish, keep household, hire; bhritis wages; bhrityas 
 
— 64 — 
 
 servant; bharas, bhdras load; bharanam food, support, bru (brammi) 
 
 to [flash out], speak? Zd. bar to carry, bear. Gk. (pepw to give 
 
 birth, produce, effect, bear, help, pay; (pIpTato? most profitable, best; 
 9EpsTpov bier; (pipsirpa quiver; qjopoj pay, crop, sweep, motion of ship; 
 
 fdpo? tribute; (pepvT) dower; ipopd? fruitful; l>-^puov foetus. Lat. fero 
 
 to bear; fertilis, ferdx fertile; far barley; /eri it is profitable; farina 
 meal ; farrago hodge-podge, minestra ; re-ferre to report ; ferre sententiam 
 
 to speak judgment; efferre to utter. Goth, bairan to give birth, 
 
 produce, carry, bear; barn child; berusyos parents; barizeins barley 
 (adj.); ga-baur payment, collection; ga-baurs feast; A. S. bere barley; 
 
 beria berry. Lith. bernas child; O. R. brati to take, bear; breimen 
 
 burden; R. bor millet; 6ann head of family, master (bharanam). 
 
 Ir. berim to bear; co-im-bert conception; do-berim to give; as-berim to 
 utter; [co- berim], cobraim to help; fd-bairim to attack; ar-bar army; 
 com; ad-bur material, cause; bratach [borne] standard; brat cloak; 
 Bret, bara bread; O. C. Bratu-spantium = the spreading of the banner? 
 
 Sk. bhri to bear ; bhrdtri brother (carrying baby, cf . dhdtri bearer, 
 
 mother; svasri [svrisvri] lullaby, sister; ■ti^sloq). Zd. brdtar. 
 
 Gk. (ppatpa, <ppaTp(a sept, clan; fpaTYjp clansman; fpiQTiQp brother 
 
 (Hesych). Lat. frdter; frdternus; frdtria brother's wife. Goth. 
 
 brSthar; plu. brothrahans brethren (see ekas) ; O. H. G. pruodar. 
 
 O. R. bratru, bratu; Lith. broterelis (dim.), brolis brother; brotushis 
 
 cousin; 0. Pr. braiis. Ir. brathir; Bret, breder brother, brediah 
 
 fraternity. 
 
 Sk. sphal [to be full to bursting], to quiver, burst, flash out; phal, 
 phul, phull to burst forth, bud, blossom, fruit, open, spread; phullas 
 blooming; pal, pall to [whirl]; pallavas bud, sprout; paldgam leaf; 
 pulakas bristling, eager, ardent; phalam fruit; [bhal], bal to round out, 
 nourish; to [burst out], shoot; balam force; bdlas, bdldkas [nursling] 
 pigmy, child; bhil, bil to burst, split; phalam, bhallas [bursting, flash- 
 ing] arrow ; bhal, bhall to shoot. Gk. fXdw to compress, crush ; ^eXKwiq 
 
 rent rocks; cliffs, Cleveland; [aipTjXu^], cK-fikuy^, axi^Xaiov fissure, cave; 
 (jitiXd? cave, rent rock, slab; fffkt)^ [rock-splitter], wild-fig; ip-fjXiqTi]? 
 sharper, cheat; xr)Xu^ rent, cleft; icsXexut; axe; xeXsxSi; woodpecker; 
 iceXexdv pelican; xaficaXov crag, chasm; (psXXdq cork-oak [burst bark]; 
 9iXupa linden, linden-bast; adj. (piXuptvo? (/rpt'vo? skin; cf. tilia, tilb); 
 yaXXd?; IxtpXjw, lx9Xa(v(i) to burst forth, gush, spirt; [(pudXiQ], 9taXr) 
 Ubation bowl; 90(XXaiva (balaena) whale; 9dXoetva moth [spark from 
 bursting brand]; PaXavsTov (balneum) hot and shower bath; 9X60), 
 9Xuaplti> to boil over, babble; 9Xaupoi; petty, wretched; 9X010? [split] 
 
— 65 — 
 
 bark, bast, membrane; (fXoia^o!; bursting, crash; ipijXXov [budding] 
 foliage, leaf, petal ; ftXew to kiss [with pouted lips] ; to love (cf . (puTsijw, 
 (piTuu, exchange of u and t); ipXIox; water-plant; (pXdo) to teem, babble; 
 9Xu8(4(i), (pXiSdtM to overflow; ipXdtfa) to [repress swelling], crush; ipXoJt^w to 
 burst out, crash; ippdl^w to [brood], think; to [burst out] utter; fpaSii 
 understanding; (fpdsiq utterance; ^potl^a) to boil; ^pit^w to brew; pXijw, 
 
 pXijtiu to gush; fXuSdw to be wet; ^Xaa-cdva) to bud, grow (vridhl). 
 
 Lat. flo to blow; afflatus, afflamen inspiration; fldmen priest (voice of 
 the god); fiemina blister; flabrum fan; blandus soothing, flattering; 
 fids flower; fio-reo to bloom; Flora (Osc. Fluusa); jiuo to gush out, 
 flow; jleo to weep; ^wmew river; fluctus Yra,v%; fruor {fructus) to [teem, 
 abound], enjoy ; /rwcto^ rounded imit; frumentum corn; frutex, frutice- 
 tum, frutetum [luxuriance], jungle, brushwood; blatta bug (teeming); 
 
 blatero to chatter; iaZa^na whale. A. S. blovan to bloom; 5/^uaM 
 
 to blow; bled blue (wind-blown sky); bluest blast; O. N. bl&na to turn 
 blue; bl&sa to blow; Goth, uf-baulyan, uf-blesan to puff up; balthyan 
 to be bold ; blauthyan to smear, blot ; bleiths [welling up], compassionate, 
 mild {blithe, bliss, bless) ; blotan to [be bountiful], sacrifice ; bloth blood ; 
 brusts breast (swelling with milk) ; bloma flower ; O. N. blossi flame ; A. S. 
 a-blisian to blush; O. H. G. bldtara bubble, leaf; A.S. bredvan to brew; 
 bill, O. H. G. billi, bial cleaver, sword, axe {bhil, bil to split); 0. H. G. 
 
 billdn to split; A.S. bealu deadly. O.R. blendan to chatter; blendi 
 
 cheat, trifle; R. blud fornication; balovat to dote, indulge. Ir. 
 
 bldth, bldn flower; blad fame; bled whale (blowing); bUn=inguen; 
 bolad scent; bias taste; bliadain [fruitful] year; blonac [melting] suet; 
 belly; bel, biail axe; at-bail he perishes {criver); inf. epeltu death; 
 bel, bHrS [parting] lips ((ptXIu) ; W. blain fountain ; Bret, bleuein to 
 bloom; blkuen [growth], foliage, hair; blein summit, crest; blaid (W. 
 blawd) active, brave; bleid wolf; blod soft, sweet, ripe; blaz odor; taste; 
 blin warm; blinder luxurious; blead harvest, com, year {bled, ble); 
 O. C. Bladus, Blandina, Blaesius, Blaius, Blannia, Blesus, Blestus, 
 Blussus (blooming); Bledo, Bledinus (wolf); Belatucadros = 'M.a.TS 
 {at-bail). 
 
 Sk. sphar, sphur to be tense, quiver, flash out ; spri to protect, be 
 eager, live; pri to fill, satisfy; pri {priye, d-priias) to haste round, 
 
 [hand round], be busy; caus. to receive portion, take possession. 
 
 Gk. eicopov gave, offered; xlxputat it has been given, appointed, 
 allotted; icopauvu to offer, prepare, provide, effect, care for, adore; 
 xepiw, xepvYHAi to sell, deal; xpaTT]p dealer; xop!!;(.) to furnish, supply, 
 
 effect; xtxpiaxw to sell; xpaaaw to be busy. Lat. pars (partis), 
 
 portio [allotted] portion; op-portunus [on hand for share of work], 
 
 5 
 
— 66 — 
 
 opportune ; o- portet it is meet, right ; pretium [appointed] price ; inter- pres 
 {-etis) go-between, agent; /jaro to prepare; [5^M-^er], semper a long time, 
 forever {senolA); [sen-per-aev-termnus], sempiternus eternal; [parvum- 
 per], parumpera little while; Umbr. [Pors-venna], Por senna kind allot- 
 
 ter. O. N. faera to ofEer ; foerr ready, prepared ; fidr ransom, money. 
 
 Lith. pelnas desert, reward; pelnau to earn; R. pora [allotted] 
 
 time; platit to sell. Ir. [p]renim to sell; [ar-renim], ernim to give, 
 
 spend; r^t possession, thing; Com. parys ready, prompt; pret (W. pryt) 
 time; Bret, parein to proportion; parereh pay-day; [p]ret needful; O.C- 
 Parisii busy, merchants. 
 
 Sk. prl to &\\;pri to help to food, be busy, caus. to take possession; 
 spri to cheer, be gracious, protect (cf. R.) ; pri (pdraydmi) to nourish; 
 pri (prinomi) to exhilarate; pri (prinami) to enjoy, love; priyas 
 delightful, enjoyable, beloved; pritis joy, pleasure, love; preman love. 
 
 Zd. [sphri], frt to love, esteem; frya beloved, friend. Gk. 
 
 "Kpix^LM to [love, redeem, desire, acquire], to buy (wife, slave, animal) ; 
 [xpT)fUi;], xpiQui;, xpau?, xpao? kind, gentle, mild, tame; xpauvu to 
 soothe, calm, tame; HpfatiLO? gentle, twilight, redeems his sister 'Hat-6vif) 
 (sweet repose, evening star), from Hercules the sun, with whom 
 she had vanished as morning star; his wife is the moon 'Exa-^T] (roam- 
 ing afar, cf . 'ExdTT)) . His son Ildpt?, like other morning-stars is exposed 
 and lost in infancy, and bears 'EXevy) (asXi^vT]) the new moon to become 
 the old moon in the east; like Telemachus, Paris is far-darting with 
 his bow (sphar to quiver) ; xpEw to [enjoy, devour], gnash, clash teeth, 
 
 saw. Lat. privus portion of favored guest (Hor. Ep. i, i, 92); 
 
 private possession; privo to [desire], snatch for one's self, deprive; 
 
 praemium (J>reman) favor, reward. Goth, friyon to love; frauya 
 
 [portion-bestowing] lord; friyei freedom; /ratu seed, posterity; 0. N. 
 Freya spring; fridhr love, peace; frynn jojrful, beguiling; frta to make 
 
 love. O. R. priyati to provide, care for; priyateli friend; R. priyotit 
 
 to protect; priyazn affection; priyatniy charming. Ir. [p]rath 
 
 chieftain's bounty, grace; Bret, pried husband, wife; Cor. gur-priot 
 bridegroom ; W. [pywydd free. 
 
 Sk. sphar to quiver, flash out; spri to live, be eager; pri to give 
 portions, be active, busy ; pri (piparmi) to [shoot beyond], lead across, 
 outgo, go beyond (cf. tri); pur to go before, lead; paras excellent, 
 noble, farther; another; paramos beyond; farthest; noblest, best 
 
 (superl. form) ; par to reach the end, fulfil, accomplish. Zd. par to 
 
 carry over; hu-peretu (su) easily crossed. Gk. xepdw to sail, carry 
 
 over; xspa;, Ilsipateu? end, boundary, goal, home-harbor; xspihr), 
 
— 67 — 
 
 xepatos the farther shore; dt-xeiplaio? endless; icdpo?, icop9(ji6<; pas- 
 sage, ferry, ford, strait; icepiu to push through, endeavor, try a chance; 
 icefpo) to bore through; icepivr) bodkin, brooch; xpdixo? first man, 
 chief, leader; H&g^evaq, Hapjjievfw ; 'icpg(j.vov root [pushing into the 
 earth], bole, trunk, depth ; Tpu(i.v6<; the lower part, farthest end, bottom ; 
 
 xpu(i.va base of mountain, stem of ship. Lat. per through ; porta to 
 
 carry [across, home]; partus harbor; parta [city] gate; Osc. perum 
 beyond, outside; Lat. experiar to seek the end, push on, try; expertus, 
 peritus experienced ; periculum peril, experiment ; primus first ; promus 
 headman, steward; premo to push forward; parma shield; [per-rega], 
 perga to go straight toward; [P]Ramulus looking forward, leading; 
 [P]Remus returning, looking backward (Lat. re- p. S7> ^^- rem- 
 infra) ; Prometheus and Epimetheus, Antevorta and Postvorta, 
 morning and evening stars. Like other morning stars (Hippolytus, 
 Orpheus, Absyrtus), Romulus is torn in pieces, i.e. gradually vanishes. 
 Roman mythology was moral and allegorical after the Hesiodic type, 
 and delighted in philosophical dualisms, while retaining traces of the 
 
 primitive nature myths; twin horsemen; p. 7. Goth, fram forward; 
 
 faran to go; faryan to sail across ; /azVra afar; fruma, frumists first; 
 O. H. G. ar-faru to experience; O. N. fdr danger; fior life; fir man; 
 firn marvel (wander, wonder) ; fiordhr fiord (highway) ; forma to 
 [press], form; aim [at goal]; frum in the first place; fram forward; 
 fram from (thrust forward) ; A. S. frem,man to press forward, be diligent 
 
 iframm) ; to frame, effect; O. Ger. framea lance. Lith. pirm before; 
 
 pirmas first; pro- through, completed; R. pryamo straight forward. 
 
 Ir. [p]rem before, former; old time; remes period; [p]ar to the end that, 
 in order that; Bret, pariii completed; O. French prim, prin piercing, 
 shrill, eager; Eng. prim exacting, precise; Ger. Pfriem awl; O. C. 
 Primiacus, Praemiacus, Primniacum, Princus; Remi (primores), 
 Remmius, Remulius; Romilidcus (22); Re-guUnum projecting beak. 
 
 Sk. prl to [shoot beyond]; paras opposite bank; par am goal, end; 
 
 paras [opposite bank], another, farther; paras opponent, foe. 
 
 Gk. xapi prep, [opposite bank, parallel]; by the side, compared with, in 
 alternation, contrary to, along, to the side, past, beyond; dat. by 
 the side, in front; gen. from the side, from the presence; xapEidt 
 
 cheek (a pair, parallel)? Lat. par parallel, even, equal, a pair; 
 
 paries wall of room (parallel) ; parea to align one's self, obey officer; 
 op-perior to wait for another; per-mut-a to exchange; [par] equal 
 
 portion of time (sem-per, parum-per). Goth, fera region, side; 
 
 A. S. sparran, O. H. G. sperran, sparian to bar against, bolt; O. N. 
 spar bar; fiar shore; /rd in regard to, from the side of. Ir. [p]ar over 
 
— 68 — 
 
 against, opposite; [p]ara charioteer (by the side of combatant); 
 ar-aile the other; Bret, ar on, upon; O. C. para-veredus trace-horse; 
 Are-late on the bank; Are-morici by the sea; Are-genua at the mouth. 
 
 Sk. same roots; prl to shoot beyond, reach opposite shore; paras 
 opposite, farther, excellent ; paramas farthest, best ; pur to go before, 
 lead; pra- before; prathamas first; pratar early dawn; [pravas, parvas], 
 
 purvas before, former, first, eastern. Zd. fra, frd before, forward; 
 
 [parvira], paoirya first. Gk. xpd before; %p6-zepoq= prior; icpdiTo? 
 
 = primus; [pravas], icpwt dawn; icpoiYjv, xpav lately, day before yes- 
 terday; xpfv before, formerly; xpdaaw, xpdaw, xdpao), xdppw forward, 
 on, afar; xpiitavt? prince; xpwv headland; [xpo-ipdu, xpdupa], xp(ppo! 
 prow, [look-out]; [xpa/raaus, xpota/reu?], xpe(j§u<; (also xpeCTyu?, Cretan 
 
 xpsTfu?) foreman, elder; xpsapeu? representative, ambassador. 
 
 Lat. pro before; prae in front; prior, primus former, first. O.H. G. 
 
 furiro former; furisto prince; frtw early. O. R. pra—, pro-, prei- 
 
 before; pruvyi (R. perviy) first; Lith. ^ra- before. Ir. [p]ro-, ru- 
 
 verbal prefix of past time; ro- intens. pref.; ro-char very dear; ro-rig, 
 supreme king; rom early; [p]ross promontory (^5 high) ; O.C. Ru-ricius, 
 Re-rig-onius. 
 
 Sk. paras another, opposite, farther; prati toward, to, by, after; 
 
 pros to extend. Gk. xpoxf, xop^f, xpdq with ace. towards, imto, to; 
 
 dat. by; gen. in the presence of [the god], from [the presence]; Horn., 
 
 Dor. xotf attracted by xoxe. Lat. prod-eo to go before. Goth. 
 
 fraisan to venture, dare {Frisii) ; O. N. freista to push forward, venture ; 
 
 frestr until, period of delay, Frist. O. R. proti, protivan, Lett. 
 
 pretti unto, to;R. proti, protiv against. Ir. [p]rilss face, coimtenance, 
 
 cheek; frith towards. 
 
 Sk. prefix pra- before, forward, extremely, melting with dp to 
 
 touch; pra-ap, prop to attain, [make ends meet]. Gk. xopxt) ring, 
 
 fastening, buckle; xdpxa^ ring, handle of shield; horse-buckle; xopxdu 
 to buckle, fasten tight; xpaxfSs? [stretched-tight], the midriff, solar 
 plexus ; xpsxw to [fit close], be seemly, decent ; to be [grasped], perceived; 
 
 to be a fit, a match, to resemble. Lat. proprius [fitting closely, 
 
 exactly], one's own ; prope {[propsimus], proximus) [meeting hoop-ends], 
 
 near, nearly, nearest (cf. Ir. nasc ring; next). Ger. [s]Pfropf [tight- 
 
 fitting] plug; Eng. prop (wedge, wedged in); O. N. plumpr plump, 
 rounded out, snug-fitting. 
 
 Sk. sphur to jerk, [twist, whiri]. Gk. xpiXi? ring-dance, sword- 
 
— 69 — 
 
 dance; •rcpuXIsi; combatants, footmen, throng. Lat. proelium press of 
 
 battle; prelum wine-press. Eng. to [s]purl, (Sw. pur la) to flow 
 
 round, [wash, produce pebble, pearled barley], pearl, (O. N. perla); 
 to prowl? furl? frill? sprawl? 
 
 Sk. sphar to [twist, whirl] ; bhram to wander round, whirl, revolve, 
 
 shake, be excited; bhramaras bee, (roving, buzzing). Gk. ipop(jL(i^(i) 
 
 to play the lyre; <p6p;j.iY? lyre; <fop\i.6<;, (pop^ifov round basket, mat, 
 mantle, fagot; ^dp^Jia^, Pup(Jia^ ant (rambler, prowler cf. \j,{ip\^i]^, marv 
 to go round) ; ^pe^jiw to surge, sound, ring out ; ^ptSiioq roar, blast ; 
 ^pi(jic(o[i.c(c to snort, rage; S^poiJio? noiseless; <ppiiJi,aaao[Aai to snort, be in 
 
 a heat; lydpti-axov philtre, charm, drug. Lat. fremo to rage; fremitus 
 
 roar, blast, yell; bruma winter solstice, winter ("interior gyrus"; 
 
 or brevissima). Goth, barms [fold, lap], bosom (erbarmen); O.N. 
 
 barmr brim, bosom; A. S. breme far-famed; Ger. brummen to roar, 
 
 mutter. Ir. breman [circling] time; Cor., Bret, bram rumbling, 
 
 peditus; O. C. Bremenion, Bremetenacum. 
 
 Sphar, sphur to swell, round, burst, flash out; spardh, [sphardh, 
 phardh, bhardh] to [whirl round race-track], rival, contend, overtake, 
 be equal to (cf . mish) ; bharts to threaten, terrify, mock ; bhran to 
 sound; [s]prid to rejoice; prith to hurl, toss round, spread about; 
 prithak scattered, separate; prithivi earth [circling, wide-spread]; 
 prithus broad, wide; prithu- front having broad flanks, sides; prath 
 
 to be spread, wide-known, celebrated ; caus. to spread, celebrate. 
 
 Gk. (ppoOSo? [hurled afar], banished, fled, vanished; ^pevQio^m to 
 
 strut, be arrogant. Lat. frendo to rage, roar, gnash; fordus swelled, 
 
 round, pregnant; fors, fortuna luck (dashing, sprinkling favors; van 
 
 to be agreeable); fortis [dashing], brave; balteum [circling] belt. 
 
 Goth, spaurds (O. H. G. spurt) race-track; blandan to whirl round, 
 circle, stir, mix; blinds [dizzy, confused], blind; 0. N. blunda to coil up, 
 sleep ; Dan. y-bland in the midst ; Goth, braidyan to spread out, broaden ; 
 [to twist, coil, braid]; O. N. Baldr triumphant spring; bardh brim, 
 circle, boundary, border, shield, beard (face-shield) ; bradha (of ravens) 
 to circle, rob, tear; broddr [whirling], dart; brudhr bride (seized, borne 
 away, Goth, bruths); braudh bread (round cake); brandr firebrand; 
 sword; A. S. blaed force, fame; byldan to shape; to embolden; bold 
 hall; brytnian to hand round, be liberal, pay; bredtan to rush, burst, 
 break; bryd bride; brid bird (in nest); O. H. G. bild form, image. 
 
 R. balda [whirling] club ; bludyashkiy wandering; bliodo round dish ; 
 
 branit to shout, revile (bhran); bran war; brodit to circle, roam; bredit 
 to be delirious, mad; brod ford (broad water). Ir. bruden court of 
 
— 70 — 
 
 palace (ring-wall); Mredach roaring; brand knuckle (striking out); 
 bran raven (bhran); Bret, brudein to shout, proclaim, preach, make 
 famous (melts with bretat); brundellat to bellow, rumble; broud 
 javelin; burhud miracle, [famous]; burtellat to whirl; W. brennyn 
 king (war-lord); O. C. bardus bard (Ir. bard, W. bardd, Cor. barth, 
 Bret, barz); Burdigala famous harbor, [burd+cale; cf. Cale, Partus 
 Cale, Portumgale (Portugal)]; Burda (orator); burdo ass (braying); 
 French bourdon great bell; bourdonner; O. C. Brennus warrior, king; 
 chiefs wore stuffed ravens on their helmets; Corvinus brought down 
 his adversary's over his eyes. 
 
 Same roots. Sk. prith to hurl, toss round, spread out (tent etc.) ; 
 prithus circling, wide, broad; prithivi the earth; prath {prathdmi, 
 prathaydmi) to spread, make famous; prithus, (comp. prathlyas) broad; 
 
 prathiman breadth. Zd. frathanh breadth. Gk. xXIBpov, iceXeepov, 
 
 xXe6ptov a circular running track ; the distance round it ; the enclosed 
 surface as land measure; xXeOpci^o) to run, to brag; d-xsXsBpo? unbounded; 
 xaXdOf) drum of figs; xXaxu? broad, flat; xXax-r) blade of oar, winnowing 
 shovel ; xXaxavo? plane tree (rounding bole) ; xXdOavov dish ; xIXti) 
 circular shield; naXXd? (-dSo?) goddess of circular heaven, typified 
 by her shield ; v. 'A8t^vy) and TpiTwv?? (round horizon) ; xopGeu to 
 ravage round {spardh); xp7]6a) to blaze, blow, inflate; xprja-cigp whirl- 
 wind, lightning. Lat. pratum [enclosed] meadow; palatum circular 
 
 chimney-cover, palate of mouth; Pales{-Stis) goddess of io\6.s; Palatium 
 ring-wall, sheep-fold ; planta [broad] sole of foot ; sprout at foot of tree, 
 sucker; plaudo to clap the hands, applaud; [p]ldtus hrosid (melts with 
 sihalam); [p]latus flank, side {prithu-groni); later flat tile, thin brick; 
 
 plantago plantain (broad leaf). Goth, falthan to curve, fold; 0. N. 
 
 falda to wrap, encircle, adorn; feldr tunic; flatr flat; fladra to stroke, 
 soothe, flatter; fold round earth (prithivi) ; fald sheep-fold; fordha to 
 
 protect; A. S.feld enclosed field. R. plodit to round out, form fruit; 
 
 pbd fruit; prtid pond; platok neckerchief; palatka tent. Ir. [pjlethan 
 
 broad, wide; lethaim to extend, widen, halve [between two sides]; 
 leth side, half; lethet breadth, likeness (one side to other) ; lethe shoulder- 
 blade; s[p]reith meadow; Bret, led breadth; O. C. Litavis goddess= 
 Prithivi; Litavia [continent], Brittany; Litavicus (Gael. Ludovick); 
 Con-victo-litavis = conqueror of the earth. 
 
 Same roots; Sk. spardh to race, rival, triumph; prid to rejoice; 
 prith to shoot, toss round, scatter; prithukas young; pard to [be 
 
 noisy, burst out], pedere. Gk. xdpiris, xdpira^ heifer, young girl 
 
 (p. 6i); xapOdvo? maiden; xepSt^ partridge (merry, noisy); xepSo(i.at 
 
— 71 — 
 
 iere; xX{v8oi; tile, brick [shivering; cf. brick, break]; [i:]X(6o(; 
 
 [huried] stone (cf. lapis). Lat. splendeo to flash, splinter, fly in 
 
 sparks; explodo to burst in sparks; planta a sprout; pertica sprout, 
 
 sapling, vineyard pole. Goth, frathyan to be quick-witted, wise; 
 
 froths wise; frodei wisdom; fratvyan to adorn, equip; A. S. frdtve 
 ornament, weapon; spryttan to sprit, spirt, sprout, bud; Ger. spriessen, 
 spritzen; Sprossbaum spruce-tree; (cf. pertica); to sport; sprat; O.N. 
 spretta to leap; spordhr fish-tail; [s]prydha to deck; prudhr proud, 
 polite; A. S. pryta pride, dashing, display; prattig pretty; Ger. Pret 
 game; A. S. fretan to gnash, nibble, fret; flint flint (xXivSoq, 
 XfOo?, spark-stone) ; Eng. to split, splinter, splutter, flit, flutter, floun- 
 der, flinders; Goth, spilda tablet (split). R. spletnikat to dance, 
 
 sport, trifle; plita flat stone. Ir. s[p]lind a tile (■icXJvSoq) ; sredim to 
 
 hurl; sprSd spark; [sp]lond impetuous, fierce; land decoration, crown; 
 Bret, splann fiashing, brilliant, evident; lonnein to rage; spleit to be 
 profitable; O. C. parada decoration, awning, court-galley; Plandida, 
 Pladia, Plendus, Pelendones, Pritto; [Lond-dinium], Londinium daring, 
 sea-faring town. 
 
 Sk. plu, pru to eddy, go round; pri to pass round, help to food, 
 be busy, eager; to feed, make ha.p-py ; spri to watch, guard, make happy, 
 encircle, protect; plih to go round, circle; plihan spleen [oval]; sparf 
 to embrace, grasp, form ; pri^, prinfi, pri^, prin^ to bring ends together, 
 twist together, join, mingle; sprig to touch, touch with water, splash, 
 wash face, bathe; caus. to cause to touch, cause to take, give; sparga 
 touch, [spray, refreshment], breeze; sprih to seek to touch, desire, 
 seek after ; prish to splash, sprinkle, water, refresh ; prusk to sprinkle, 
 pour, fill, satisfy, love, [sparkle], blaze; pras to spread, swell, beget; 
 plush, plus to distribute food; to bum; plaksh to desire, to eat; 
 [sphranh, phranh], bhrans, bhrang, bhrag to [splash, whirl away, round, 
 down], to fall, slip; caus. to dash down, cast away, deprive; bhrag£, 
 bhri^ to whirl before the fire, broil, parch; bhringas bee (whiriing, 
 stinging, burning); bhrdf, bhrdi, bhre^, bhlag to sparkle, flash, shine; 
 bhresh, bhlesh to whirl, tremble, fear; bhlaksh to [bum, consume], eat; 
 sphurkh [to be whirled as spark, be dizzy], forget ; sphur^ to whirl [of 
 wind], rage, thunder; [to twist, be tense, turgid]. 
 
 Sk. pli, plih to go round; plu, to eddy, float round; plihan, plihd, 
 
 plihan spleen (ovoid, swelling) ; sprih to desire. Zd. gpereza spleen. 
 
 Gk. cicXiQV spleen; axXi(]V[ov bandage, compress; axX-rjvfioixai to be 
 
 swollen, distended (by blood); axXdyxvov intestines (liver, kidney, 
 lungs, bowels) ; a'£Kar'{%vi'Cfi\>.M to yearn, be compassionate. Lat. 
 
— 72 — 
 
 [sp]lien spleen; [sp]renes kidneys. O. N. lungu, O. H. G. lungd, lun- 
 
 gina lung. O. R. slezena spleen; R. sleza tear (swelling, welling, 
 
 pitiful); Lith. [sphluzhnis], bluzhnis spleen. Ir. s[p]elg spleen; Bret. 
 
 felh spleen; [felhon], felon, swelling, inflammation. 
 
 Same roots; Sk. sphur^ to [round out, swell against pressure, be 
 compressed; to burst out], flash, thunder; sphuriayat roaring, rattling, 
 raging; vi-sphur^ to storm; bhurai to [burst with steam], boil; bhur^as 
 birch tree (swelling, bursting its bark; with white bark; used for writ- 
 ing) ; bhuriiau shears [sUtting, peeling fleece from sheep as bark from 
 
 tree] Qk. axapfaw to swell, be distended with milk, sap, passion; 
 
 (nyptydto) to swell with milk, passion; d-cxapayo?, da^dpayoq asparagus, 
 shoot [swelling, bursting]; <J9ps;Yt'!;o) to compress, press, seal; fffpayc's 
 seal; axapyaviu to compress, swaddle; axapyavov swaddling-band ; 
 mpapaYld) to burst, hiss, roar, groan ; oixapaylw to rumble, burst, thunder, 
 crash; (ppuacaw to neigh; ^pEaou to bristle up, bristle against, swell with 
 passion, shiver with passion, cold; (Sk. krish); $pf^o? morning sun 
 (bursting, bristling with rays) ; borne across the river of night by the 
 golden ram (morning cloud) ; loses Helle (new moon, oeXi^vT]) on the 
 way; (pXeyixa phlegm [bursting forth, ejected]; (paXdyYtov [binding, 
 tearing] spider; fdXafl peeled log, roller; [rounded crowd]; mass of 
 troops; (pdXxf)? ship-rib (bellying); IjjwpaXxdw to curve, bind; foXxi? 
 bow-legged; ^puxdo^iat to roar; ppdy^o? wind-pipe, choking gulp; ^pd/oq 
 noose, halter; ^piJxw to gulp down; Ppu^w, §piJxto, pt^pwoxw to devour; 
 Ppouxo? locust; ^^kyiiii [of clouds] to [burst out, vomit], rain (cf. ^eyxw 
 
 Regen). Lat. spargo to [spark out], sprinkle ; /rango to burst, break 
 
 [bhrd^ to flash out]; fruges, fructus fruits, com [swelling, developing]; 
 fragor crash ; frlgeo to [bristle], shiver, freeze ; frico to [cause to bristle]^ 
 rub ; fraxinus ash-tree (swelling, round bark ; It. frasso) ; farcio, 
 
 fulcio to stuff, prop (cf . Pfropf) ; forctus pregnant. Goth, brikan 
 
 (p.p. brukans) to break, ravage, destroy; trusts, breast (turgid with 
 milk, emotion); birekei danger; brukyan to [eat], enjoy, use (Ppoyxo?; 
 melts with bhlaksh) ; A. S. beorc, birce birch; beorcan to bark (of dogs, 
 9pudaow) ; 0. N. borkr bark of trees; A. S. brastlian to burst, crackle 
 {prasseln); 0. H. G. brestan to burst; brusta, borsta bristle (ipplcuu); 
 O. N. bulga to swell; bringr [swelling] hill; brtnga breast; brisinga 
 (<&pf§o<;) the rainbow (necklace of Freya, cf. Aphrodite's girdle; 'Ipi? = 
 cetpd, spi^a) ; brok (plu. broekr) leg-bands (brigand-fashion, oxdpYavov), 
 breech-clout, breeches (cf. Strumpfe strips) ; barki throat, wind-pipe; 
 Eng. to spark; bulge, A. S. bdlg bellows, ale-sack, belly; bulgian, bellan 
 
 to bellow, bawl; belcan to inflate; bealcyan to belch. R. bereza 
 
 birch ; beresta birch-bark ; bobhii [stuffed out], great ; bloshnik heather 
 
— 73 — 
 
 (bristling); br[v]izgat to gush, spout, [vomit]; brezgat to be disgusted; 
 
 briozzhat to growl; briokho belly; briokva turnip. Ir. brissim to 
 
 break ; blog a fragment ; bolg leather-bottle ; Fir-Bolg cloud-folk, drifters, 
 wanderers (wagon-tops, sails; cf. Umbri); bolgadan wagon-driver; 
 bras [swollen], great (Cor., Bret, bras); brdge throat; bruchtaim to 
 vomit; Bret. 6o/c/^ flax-boll ; bolzein to curve, swell, burst; beragn heap; 
 bourjon bud of tree; boulh crack, burst; brog jug; bronsein to sprout, 
 bud; broustal sprout, brush-wood, Brussels-sprouts; broust to browse; 
 brasat to swell; bragein to boast; bras large; bruch, brusk breast; bresk 
 fragile; W. bragiaw to swell, boast; Provengal brusca brushwood; 
 O. C. Belgae; Balgiacus, Balciacus; B/ato-6Migjow= meal-sack-town; in 
 Galloway on the strait opposite Ireland; the N. E. wind brought 
 clouds with their snow-meal, and invaders ; Jack the Giant Killer, as 
 spring, slits the swollen cloud-giant, and lets out the snow; Brixia, 
 Brixellum forest town; Brassidcus. 
 
 Sk. [sphur^ to round out, swell against pressure, compress, bind]; 
 [spharf], spare to embrace, bind, frame ; sprig, priH, prin^ to bring ends 
 
 together, touch, mix, unite. Gk. (pp(4jau to build a ring wall, 
 
 stockade; to join shields, stop the way; (ppc!Y(jia, (pp«y(ji.6? ring-wall, 
 breast-work; PpsTlAa forehead, temple, fort of brain; itupyoe [stockade], 
 tower; xupydw to wall, defend; fuXaaju to defend, guard; ipupxo?, 
 
 foOpxo? ring-wall. Lat. furca stake, gallows, prop; fulcio to stuff 
 
 out, prop up; frequens crowded together; [forctis], fortis strong; 
 
 fortificare to fortify. Goth, baurgs stockade, tower, fortified town ; 
 
 bairgan to guard; bairgahei defensive mountain range; Burgundii 
 [6CT'g-wawd= water-rampart; from their island Bornholm]; 0. N. 
 bdlkr stockade, stake; berg, biorg defence, cliff; A. S. beorh protection, 
 cliff, mountain; brycg [palisade; piles], bridge; brok, breeches; bregdan 
 
 to twist, knot. R. berek to guard; bereg [defensive] bank, shore; 
 
 brak [union], wedding; brazdi control, government; brus beam; bertze 
 
 shin-bone (prop); blizhe nearer {frequens); bliosti to guard. Ir. bale 
 
 strong; 6org walled town; Bret berzein, berhein to protect, to collect, 
 hold festival (frequentes) ; O. C. Burgo-ialum, Bergusia, Berg-omum, 
 Burgonnum towns. 
 
 Sk. [sphranh], bhrang, bhrag, bhrans to [flash out, whirl down, 
 around, away; to] fall, shp; caus. to hurl down, hurl away, deprive; 
 bhresh, bhlesk to whirl, tremble, fear; bhlaksh to [gnash, grind], eat; 
 
 bhrangas fall, ruin; bhringas bee [whirling] Gk. ^Xodupd? terrible; 
 
 Ppdxo) to rattle, crash, shriek; ^paaaw to shake, whirl, heave, boil; 
 f p((j(7w to shiver; 9p£? a squall. Lat. ad-fligo, con-fligo to dash against. 
 
— 74 — 
 
 together; pro-fligo to rout, rmn; flagrum, flagellum lash ; /rawgo to [hurl 
 down], break (p. 72); spargo to scatter, hurl away; fiaccus [twisted, 
 
 wrung out], limp (or with vrinh). Goth, bliggvan to scourge; 
 
 brahv stroke, flash, glance; brikan to break, ravage, destroy; brakya 
 wrestling; briggan to fetch a blow, round up herd, bring back, effect; 
 O. H. G. praU crash; A. S. bregdan to whirl, swing; brugdh swift 
 motion ; brego chieftain ; broga terror, horror ; brosnian to [dash], destroy, 
 crumble; 0. N. bragdh change, gesture; bragr poetry; brak clash, 
 
 battle; bersi bear, boar (vrishf). R. brankit, briozzhat to quarrel; 
 
 brosat to hurl, rush, br[v]izgat to sprinkle; bryakat, brenUat to strike, 
 shake, tinkle; burkalo sHng; O. R. blukha, Lith. blusa flea (long leap). 
 
 Ir. bdrcaim to break out; bdrc storm; brisc fragile; brissim to break; 
 
 [berctnaigim], bertnaigim to swing, shako; brass nimble; bressa fight; 
 Bret, brezel war; brusk brusque; blesein to wound; blosein to crush, 
 harm; brehonein to crush, bray; bouljein to quiver, stir, budge; 0. C. 
 brisa grape-pomace; Brixellum warlike? 
 
 Sk. bhrang to whirl; sphurg to burst, crackle; bhri^, bhra^^ to 
 
 [turn on spit, crackle], parch, roast. Gk. (ppuYW to roast, parch, fry; 
 
 9puxTr(5i; firebrand, torch, parched bean; lot (hopping); ippuyavov fire- 
 wood. Lat. frigo to parch, roast. Ger. prasseln to crackle. 
 
 Ir. bairgen bread (oat-cake on hot stone). 
 
 Sk. bhrdi, bhrdf bhre^, bhldg to flash round, gleam, shine; bhra^, 
 bhargas light, glory; marikis ray of light, fairy (cf. aipapaYeu, a(jiapaYe(i)); 
 
 bhresh, to flicker. Gk. ipXeyu, (pXEyeOu to bum, shine; (pXey(xai'vu 
 
 to heat, fester, boil; (flkft^a blaze, heat, phlegm; 9X6^ flame. Lat. 
 
 flagro to blaze ; fulgeo to shine ; fulgur lightning ; /MZ[g]we« thunderbolt; 
 fiamma Aame; suf-fragor to [glorify, shout for chief], vote (cf. votum); 
 
 felix lucky; Osc. Itiei Flagiui = Jovi Fulguratori. Goth, bairhts clear 
 
 evident; brahv flash, glance; O. H. G. peraht bright; praht glory; A. S. 
 blaesc blaze, flame; blaecan to whiten; bide pale, wan, bleak; blaec 
 
 glittering, black, [raven] ; blican to shine ; O . N . blankr shining, white. 
 
 Lith. blizgu to gleam; O. R. breizgu dawn; R. blagoi [beautiful], good; 
 
 blazhenniy blest, happy, holy; blesteit to glitter; blesk lustre. Ir. 
 
 brigim to manifest, make conspicuous; brig glory, power; W. bri 
 renown; bra[g\int privilege; Cor. brentyn noble, free; Bret. bri[g] honor; 
 berzein to keep holiday, make merry; berh prosperity, success; hro- 
 gonen lightning; O. C. Brigantes; Brigindo goddess of bright sky, 
 Athene {Bridget, Brian, Briand); Segobriga victorious glory; Brigia, 
 Brigenna; Brasiis. 
 
 Sk. sparg to embrace, encircle, grasp, seize; priJl, prin^, pri^, 
 
— 75 — 
 
 prin^, to stir, mix, twist, braid, bind ; sam-priM to unite ; sprig to grasp, 
 touch, whirl, splash, [lash, smite]; pragas, paragus axe ; pragnas basket 
 
 [twisted, plaited]; pdrgvas [twisting] side; plih to go round, revolve. 
 
 Gk.xdpxT)? ring, hoop ; xdpxo? drag-net; ■rcspxoq.xspxvdq hawk, eagle [grip- 
 ping]; xepxv(5? snake; xipxava woven stuff; xX^xw to twist, coil, braid; 
 xXexxdvY) coil, wreath, spiral; xXey(i.a basket-work, tendril, wreath; 
 T:X67t.a\}.oq curl, braid; xXfaaw to cross the legs, trot; xXJyiia wrestler's 
 twist; xXi^^a?, xXfjcd; groin; xXf^ a step; the pelvis; xXctyo? the side; 
 xXctytoq on the flank, aslant, athwart, sideway, crooked ; xXaiud?, ^Xatcd? 
 bandy-legged; [xXii^tov], xXafciov rectangle, square; xXi^"^*^ *o lash, 
 scourge, strike, whirl, drive mad, dizzy; to strike from the side, beat 
 the breast; ua-xXiQ^ (Sk. wd, ut up, out) [out-start]; the starter's rope 
 which held back the horses; rope, cable; [up-start] snare, trigger; also 
 ua-xXif)^ swine-lash; xsXexu? axe (attracted by xijXu^ p. 64); xXctl^u 
 (ixXay^a) to circle, roam, be dizzy, confused ; to dash, strike [of a wave]; 
 
 xlXayo? [pathless, rolling] sea. Lat. plico, plecto to fold, coil, tangle; 
 
 am-plector to embrace; du-plex two-fold; parens grasping, miserly, 
 thrifty; plecto to smite, punish, behead; supplicium punishment; 
 plaga blow ; plaga side, region ; net, snare ; plango, plangor to beat the 
 breast, mourn; pollingo to be professional mourner, undertaker 
 (added o as in paragus, xsXexu?, xlXafoq) ; [sepelhio], sepelio to [wrap, 
 
 hide], bury {plih); sepulcrum grave. Goth, flahtg. braid; O. H. G. 
 
 flehtan to braid; flahs flax; Goth, filhan to hide, bury (priM); 
 filigri hiding-place, den; fulgins hidden; ana-[s]praggan to [grip], 
 compress, [seal, prdgen]; fairhvus [circle of] world; fairguni [encircling] 
 mountain range; fiokan to beat the breast, mourn; A. S. felgan to 
 hide; at-felgan to grasp, hold on to, follow closely, [make ends meet]; 
 felge felloe of wheel; folgian to follow chief; felaw[g] fellow, comrade 
 (socius, sequor) ; fledgan to [beat the air], fly; flyht flight; O. N. fleygia 
 
 to hurl, fling; 'Qng.fiank {^ki-^oc). R. pryazhka ring; pryazha yam; 
 
 pryast to [twist], spin; plesti to twist, braid; za-pryagat to harness; 
 palka a stick ; porka a beating ; plasM cloak [wrapped] ; pleko shoulder 
 
 [revolving]; plokhoi [twisted], bad; plak lamentation. Ir. [p]ross 
 
 tangled forest, heather; [p]rusc [encircling] bark; bark vessel; 0. C. 
 ploxenum basket-work body of chariot. 
 
 Sk. sprig to grasp, touch, [dash round, fetch a blow]; paragus axe; 
 
 prik to stir; pras to spread round. Gk. xXniaau to strike; xXaaaw to 
 
 mold, shape, form, devise; xXaajJia image, counterfeit; xXc«^ flattened 
 out; plain; flat stone, tomb-stone; [x]Xa^eij<i> to hew stone; Mi, sole 
 of foot, heel; XaxTiXw to stamp, kick, spurn; xXaxou? flat cake; 
 [x]Xexieoq pease-pudding; yolk (fried egg) ; [xJXexo;, XsjidvT) dish. Lat. 
 
— 76 — 
 
 planca flat; plancus flat-foot; pld[c]nus flat; placo to smooth, stroke 
 down, appease; placeo to please; placenta Rat cake; [p]lanx flat dish. 
 
 O. H. G. flah flat; A. S. fealh harrow. Lith. plashtaka palm of 
 
 hand; phksMas flat; R. plashmya flat; phshkad market-place. Ir. 
 
 [p]lec flag-stone; lia (gen. licce) stone; lee an pebble; liacdn pillar 
 (X«^£UTd<;); crom-lech arched stones; Bret, lakat to lay flat, put, place; 
 O. C. Placentia (flat land); Planciacus, Placius, Plassus. 
 
 Sk. sprig to touch, splash; sprih to [seek to touch], be eager, 
 desire ; spriha desire ; [s]purushas [active] man, servant, spirit ; spargas 
 
 touch, splash, breeze; parshnis sole of foot. Zd. gparez to make an 
 
 effort. Gk. aicepxw to speed, drive, be passionate, hasty; axepxvdq, 
 
 hasty, violent; xpaatju to be busy, active, successful; xpa^i? business, 
 dexterity, fortune; icpaxtiQp trader; icpaxTup tax-gatherer, avenger; 
 
 (jiuXXal, (jjijXXa flea. Lat. procax impetuous; procus suitor; Porcius 
 
 = industrious ; pulex flea (brisk); pollex thumb (touching forefinger). 
 
 O. H. G. frehton to earn, do business (frachten, freight); 0. N. 
 
 sprlnga to spring; frekr eager; frakr free; friskr fresh, impetuous, 
 gay, frisky, fre<^h\ freki wolf; Frigg goddess of rain and love, wife of 
 Odin the wind; A.S. ferh hoar ; ferh, feorh life, soul; ferhdh-frec daring, 
 bold; fredgan to love; filhan to filch, pluck; [s]pli4£cian, [sp]luccan to 
 ^\uc^s.■, fleds fleece (O. N. fiisia to flay) ; [s]priccian to [touch with claw], 
 goad, prick (cf . pango, pungd) ; Ger. froh joyful ; Floh flea ; Fleiss in- 
 dustry; O. H. G. sprahhon to tear off; fersna heel; A. S. [s]pliht 
 
 danger, risk, bet, pledge, duty; plega play. R. sprignut to leap down; 
 
 [palek], paletz finger, thumb; perst finger; perkhot skin; par shit to 
 
 tickle ; porkhat to flit ; prakh dust ; prok profit ; Lith, perku to buy. 
 
 Gael, sprech, sprecherei foray, cattle-stealing (spree); Ir. spri cattle; 
 [pjreccaim to sell; recne hasty act; prechan hawk; W., Com. parys 
 ready, prompt, active ; O. C. Parisii (freighters, boatmen) ; Paresidcus, 
 Paricus, Parencia; Prassonis Officina; Pruso, Prasu-tagos. 
 
 Sk. sprig to touch, splash water; spargas [spray, coolness], breeze; 
 sparsh to be moist; prili, pri^ to mix; prish, prush to sprinkle; prush, 
 parsh to sparkle, pour, bum, love; pltish to bum; be generous; 
 prignis sprinkled, dappled ; prishatas gazelle ; pros to [sprinkle], gender, 
 
 spread round. Gk. %zpv.v6q grape with purpling spot, dusky, dappled; 
 
 xpd^, dappled deer; xpw^ dewdrop; IIpdxvT] swallow; xpwxto; splashed; 
 Tlepseiq spring-sun, winter-killer; rides spring-cloud Uriyaaoq (fountain 
 feeder); favored by Athena (the clear sky) he slays the petrifying 
 Gorgon and frees nature (Andromeda) assailed by darkness dragon; 
 xpautcc garden-bed (pros); xpdaov leek; xpototvo? bright green; xpdffiov 
 
— 77 — 
 
 horehound; water-plant; itupoi? torch; itupCTd?, icuppdi; flame-colored. 
 
 Lat. spar go to sprinkle ; Parcae fates [lot-casters] ; pulcer dashing, 
 
 beautiful; spurcus splashed, dirty; porcus pig; [porsum], porrum 
 
 leek; priscus, pristinus [dewy], early, of old.' A. S. fersc fresh; 
 
 O. N. friskr gay, frisking; Eng. fleck (Sw. fidcka) to spot, dapple; 
 to freak, freckle (cf. prik,pri^lo stir, dash) ;/rog (Ger. Frosch) [dappled]; 
 to splash, plash; A. S. spreagan to dash, pour, spray; flaesc flesh; 
 
 fredsan to [bum], frost-bite, freeze ; Goth, faurhtyan to shiver, fear. 
 
 R. prashka sling; prakh dust; ^r[z;]jsfeai to splash; pleskat to spout up. 
 
 Ir. [p]orc^Z paddle [splasher] ; ore salmon; orcdn pig; [p]lassaim to 
 
 flame, flash; [p]richess live-coal [sparkling]; riched heawen [stars]; O. C. 
 Parciacus; Proxumae fates (Parcae). 
 
 Sk. sprig to touch, seek, be eager, splash out; sprih to desire; 
 
 prikh, prakh to ask, question ; prikkhd a question. Gr. xpdxTwp de- 
 
 mander, exacter. Lat. precor to entreat; prex entreaty, prayer; 
 
 [supprex], 5M^/'fea: suppliant ; ^ocM5 suitor. Qoth.fraihnan, O. H. G. 
 
 frdgin to ask, enquire; Ger. flehen to entreat; A. S. fricgean to ask, 
 seek, experience ; /n'gwaw, fringnan to ask, seek; O.N. fregna to learn 
 by enquiry; fraegya to celebrate; fraegdh fame; A. S. sprecan, O.H.G. 
 
 sprehhan to speak, declare. R. prosit to demand, entreat; spros 
 
 question, permission; sprashivat to ask, demand. Ir. [p]rosc a 
 
 demand, challenge, incitement to battle, poem, eye [eloquent, flash- 
 ing]; roscad a great word, famous saying; O. C. Ruscino. 
 
 Roots in md follow the analogy of those in pd. 
 
 Sk. md to [grasp, contain, poise, whirl], measure, [measure out], 
 give, [press, mold], shape, create, [whirl, rumble], sound (cf. pd to 
 grasp, surround, guard, [feed, distribute]; pydi to round out, icoilw; 
 pdv, pa to whirl, blow ; both pd and md develop with the intensive ter- 
 minations -nh, -W5, -jif , -»|, -k, -k, -g) ; mav, mu, mavy to encircle, 
 bind; mlv to be round, fat; minv to [anoint], please, serve, sprinkle (cf. 
 piv, pinv) ; m.ev to serve, honor, adore; mlv, me to [rub round], move 
 round, turn, shove; mivaras mischievous; mi {minami) to rub, scrape, 
 wear away, diminish; ml (caus. mdpaydmi) to perish; mep to move 
 [round]; ml to go round, [revolve in mind, reflect], tmderstand; ml, 
 mi to whirl, whirl round, shoot, wound; mi to [bore, set stake], make 
 firm; md, [mans], mas to [grasp, contain, distribute], measure; intens. 
 manh to [swell against pressure], grow; mah to magnify, honor; mahat 
 great, honored; manhishtas greatest; magham happiness; maksh to 
 [puff up], heap up, roll together, accumulate (ttiotju to knead) ; manh 
 
— 78 — 
 
 to [swell, burst, flash out], shine (cf. sphur^, bhrdi) ; maksh to [burst 
 out], be angry; manU to grasp, [hold in, swell up], be high; to [burst 
 out], flash, be glorious; maH to boast; mash to shoot, kill; mdnksh to be 
 impetuous, desire; mans, mansam flesh, fat {plush, flaesc); mashi, 
 mashl, mast [oil], ink; makshas bee, (bursting, swarming, angry, sting- 
 ing) ; makshikas wax; makshas fly; mof, mif to [burst out, flash, rattle], 
 be angry, sound, buzz; mafakas gnat; manh to swell, grow; to [burst], 
 flash, shine; makk, makh, mankh, mang, mangh, manU, munk to go 
 round, crawl, creep, wind {=sarpane); mangh to [robe, wreathe], 
 adorn; to [dance round], play, jest; to [whirl round], hasten; m^k to 
 [encompass, snare], cheat; to [whirl, brandish, swell up], boast; mak, 
 mank to [coil, grip], crush, knead; magg to be [caught in whirl- 
 pool], sink ; man^, mun^, mug to rub round, wipe ofE, clean ; to [whirl, 
 rumble, rattle], sound; maggan, ma^ga [rubbed on, anointed], marrow; 
 wow|an [anointed, pure, radiant],bud, sprout, pearl; {ci.mri^to anoint, 
 purify; \j.apf(xph-qq) ; man^us beautiful; mang to go round; man^iishd 
 round basket; [manh], man to [grasp, poise, hold fast], reflect, think, 
 honor; man to think; honor; mdnam, manas [allotted portion of food, 
 handful], honor; mandk small portion; m,anas mind, opinion, confi- 
 dence [firm hold]; m-dnin proud; mdnavas, m.dnushas man; [mansas], 
 mdsas, [handful, measure], month; mas moon; mak, munk to tangle, 
 cheat, crush; { ■\- yd intens.) mikh to twist, vex; m,iQr to whirl, stir, 
 mix; mish to whirl, sprinkle; mishtas sprinkled, sweet; wish to [race 
 round], rival, flash the eyes (cf. sphardh) ; mih, muk, mMnk to go round, 
 [whirl, spulen, spill], pour out, send out, set free ; meghas [out-pouring], 
 cloud; moghas [out-poured, empty], vain; moksh to set free; mith, 
 mukh to be [whirled], dizzy, confused ; mukas [confused, stupid], dumb ; 
 mukharas rattling; mukutam [encircling] diadem; m.ukham [turning, 
 gazing] face {volvo, voltus, oicxoixai) ; mukham [whirling, boring, facing], 
 spear-point (mucro); mukulas [piercing, bursting], bud, shoot; muktd, 
 pearl (gemma); mush, mush to [whirl], strip off, steal; to [hurl], wound; 
 mushas [thief], mouse; mushalas [brandished], war-club; mushti fist. 
 
 Sk. ma imdmi, mime p.p. [mdtas], mitas; caus. mdpaydmi) to 
 [grasp], give handful, give, measure, assign, mold, form, make; 
 mdtri (Ved.) apportioner; mdtri [distributer of food], mother; mdtrd, 
 mdiram, mdnam measure, allotted time, material, element, thing; 
 [mdtas hand]; wai-awgam hand-limb, elephant; Mdtalis swift dispenser 
 of time, charioteer of sun; matsas, matsyas, [catchable], fish; mitas 
 (p.p.) a moderate portion, a little; md (mayate) to exchange (hand- 
 fuls). Zd. md to measure, make; md a measure. Gk. (idw, ^.aiiidu 
 
— 79 — 
 
 to grasp after, desire, seek; ^i ^rbv A Ea would to Zeus! [xlTpov measure, 
 proportion, metre; ^it^toq moderate; [Aetp^ to measure, count; 
 
 (ilrpriita rations, pay; [i,ISt[Avoq measure is attracted by manth. 
 
 Lat. metare, metdri, metiri to measure; mensura measure (final, avara 
 q.v.); mat-urus final period, fully ripe; matu-tinus morning [at last, 
 tenus]; mensa carving-board, table (O. R. menso flesh); meta limit 
 of space, goal; materies [moulding stuff, mdtram], material; meto to 
 [grasp], reap; messis harvest; ni-mis not moderate, too much; modus, 
 
 worfiM5 measure, with moderor, are attracted hy manth. Goth, mi-tan 
 
 to measure; miton to reflect; mats portion, food, meat ; maitow to carve, 
 cut (venison); mitaths measure, portion; (cf. p.p. mitas); maithms 
 gift, present; mota tax; O. H. G. mds measure; Ger. Messer divider, 
 knife; A. S. mate food; mast fodder {manth); mund hand, protection; 
 
 0. N. rndti measure, manner; matr food; maetr precious. Lith. 
 
 matuti to measure; metas time, year; mera (R. meira) measure; R. 
 
 materoi.lsLTge, round, (mdtram). It. mess, [do-mus],to-mus measure; 
 
 mithich in season; mdt hand; mathim to grant, allow, release; mathe, 
 mathius generosity, goodness; maith generous; maite timber; Bret. 
 Mtai, mad good, blessing, joy; O. C. Matta, Mattaia, Mattidci, Matonius, 
 Mato-maros, Massonius. 
 
 Sk. mdtri [food-apportioner], mother; mdtulas mother's brother. 
 -Zd. mdtd {stem, mdtdr). Gk. (iii^Trip (Dor. (JLatrip); ttif^Tpw? mother's 
 
 brother. Lat. mdter, mdternus, mdtri-monium; matrona {vonus 
 
 dear, fair) ; matertera mother's sister. O. N. modhir, O.H. G. muotar. 
 
 0. R. mati; R. mat, mater mother; materka female hemp; matka 
 
 female. Ir. mdthir (gen. maithrech) ; W. modr, Bret, motr; W. 
 
 motrep mother's sister; O. C. mdtrd, matriola, matrona, madrono water- 
 mother, nymph; Matrona (Marne); Matridcum {Merry 14); Matrini- 
 dcum {Marnay, Martigny 8) ; Matriolae {Marolles 14). 
 
 Sk. md to [grasp] measure, assign portion; mdnam [large portion], 
 honor; mdnas [molding], construction, form, house, dwelling; size; 
 [hand], agent, self-confidence; mandk [small portion], little; m^n, man 
 to honor; man {manye, manve, int. mansye, p.p. [mantas], matas) to 
 [grasp firmly, apportion carefully; cf. [Aspo?, ii,ept-[Avav]; to reflect, be 
 deliberate,[delay], estimate, think, [be generous, swift with hand, eager]; 
 mun to promise; manas mind, will; matis mind, thought, plan, prayer; 
 manyus brooding, grief, anger; manlshd reason; manus, manushyas, 
 mdmishas,mdnavasm.an;[ma,navi,mavani],munis vefiector,philosopheT, 
 hermit ; mnd {mandmi) to honor, praise, declare ; (by the addition of 
 ri to be energetic, act, be agent, man becomes) [manr], mantr to de- 
 
— 80 — 
 
 liberate, take counsel, give sentence, speak solemnly, bless; mantras 
 
 counsel, hymn. Zd. wan to think; mananh mind; upa-man, uxotxevstv 
 
 to [be deliberate], endure; fra-man to be persistent. Gk. [asvo? 
 
 mind; Msv-cwp counsellor {mantr) ; (/.av-ri? prophet; (Avdojiat to remember; 
 (j.vy5(ji,y) remembrance; piQ(J.wv mindful; n,t(A,v<]a)t6) to remind; i».ifiviiw to 
 bring to mind, inform; t«.iriv[0) to hold in mind, brood, nurse vengeance; 
 111,-^v-iy^ mind-holder, pia mater {vincio); 'AYa-iteixvwv sun, ever mindful 
 of his rising. Greek myths mingle with prehistoric facts and wars as 
 Etzel and Dietrich in the Niebeltmgenlied contend with solar heroes; 
 Hellenic mythology was developed by gradual selection and evolution 
 of the legends of many tribes until the totem-maker became a Phidias; 
 grotesque ideals like Briare5s and Salmoneus were stranded by the 
 clarif3dng current of thought; Me[i.vwv day-star; <^a.lw\).(x\ to be pas- 
 sionate, mad; [x,vdo[i,at, iiviQOTsuw to woo (think of one thing); nl[Aova 
 to wish; \^r\vK passion, wrath; [xevw to be deliberate, to wait; 
 uxo-jaIvo) to endure, be left to the last; [i-dvo? alone; [i.av(5? sparse, 
 thin-set; jjiovi^ station; (i-[i.Efvo)v more enduring, better (d intens.); 
 (luvoiJiat, i5;-iJi.uvotii.ai {[mavani, munavi], & intens.) to brood, delay, be 
 mindful of duty, defend country, ward off attack; to brood vengeance; 
 [(AouvTOt], MoOaac deep-minded, prophetic Muses, guides of thought; 
 
 (aIv [granted, as a share], indeed; ^t^v in truth, [I allow]. Lat. 
 
 mens (mentis) mind; mentio mention; [Men-nerva], Menerva strong 
 mind; memini to remember; moneo to remind, advise; monstrum 
 warning, prodigy; maneo to remain; Cerus Mdnus the fashioning 
 creator (ma to grasp, mold, make) ; deci-mdnus of the tenth division; 
 Manes the departed (generous, gracious; euphemism) ; Manius;manus 
 hand (fashioning, distributing) ; a-moenus [bountiful], luxuriant, de- 
 lightful (a intens. ; form manye, [mayne] cf . A. S. myne) ; munus gift 
 {manve, [mavne, mune]) ; munus, caeri-monium, matri-monium allotted 
 duty ; com-munico to share portions ; mane early morning, allotted time ; 
 
 Men-enius [vennius] thoughtful. Ooth.munan to think, intend, plan; 
 
 ga-munan to think over, remember ; ga-minthi, ga-munds memory ; muns 
 mind; ga-mainyan to share together, have portion in common; ga-man 
 comrade; manvyan to prepare; manvus ready; manna man; 0. H. G. 
 manon to warn; minna love; A. S. maenan to remind, annotmce, call 
 to mind, lament; myne thought, desire, love; myntan to intend, 
 reflect; m&dhum gift, treasure; O. N. munu to desire, become; mwMd 
 hand; mundr gift, dower; minna to remember; tneina to delay, hinder. 
 
 Lith. miniu to think; at-menu, at-mintis thought; 0. R. mineiti 
 
 to think; po-mennanti to remember; R. mnimiy imaginary; manit 
 
 to wave the hand, beckon, wave, rock. Ir. menma (gen. menman) 
 
 mind; muiniur (deponent) to think; munim to teach; menmnack 
 
— 81 — 
 
 cheerful; min [thoughtful], gentle, kind; minn nobleman, scholar; 
 man, mdt hand; dech-mad [tenth part], tenth; mann ounce (handful, 
 SpaXiii^) ; mdin possession, wealth {munus) ; maihe free-hand, kindness ; 
 muinter family {matri-monium) ; muinterda\£] familiar, kind, courteous; 
 mennat residence; W. mwyn gracious, merciful; Bret, mennein to 
 desire ; man this (showed in hand, mani-festus) ; O. C. Manus, Mannus, 
 Maro-manus treasure; mannus [pet], pony; Minnius, Minnodunum. 
 
 Sk. md, man to [grasp, encircle], measure, distribute, pass round, 
 revolve; manh, [mans] [to swell against pressure, burst out], flash, 
 
 shine; mas, mdsas moon, month. Zd. mdonk moon, month; mdonha 
 
 moon. Gk. (jii^vy) (Aeol. [(jl-qvcto?], \j.rivvoq) moon; ;j.iQv{g5C0i; crescent; 
 
 liVJv (stem tJn^vq, Ion. [lefc;, Dor. [i-ii^?) ^ month; \t.i\yi(xio<; monthly. 
 
 Lat. mensis month; menstruus monthly; Mena = menstruationis dea, 
 
 Circe. Goth. mSna moon; menoths month (O. N. mdni, mdnadhr) ; 
 
 0. H. G. mdnot month. Lith. menu (gen. meinesio) moon; menesis 
 
 month; O. R. meisentzi moon (f em.) ; month (masc). Ir. mi (gen. 
 
 mis, stem mens) month; W. mis, Bret, miz month. 
 
 Sk. md to [grasp], assign, measure ; man to measure thoughtfully, 
 think; mantr to reflect, take counsel, give sentence, bless, speak 
 solemnly; mantras sentence, hymn; manth to deliberate, think long, 
 regret, grieve; math to delay, dwell, wear away; medh to understand; 
 
 medhas mind. Zd. mad, madh to [reflect, act wisely, take coimsel], 
 
 heal; madha wisdom, healing; vohu-mad very wise. Gk. i«.ci6oi; 
 
 tradition, custom, education (medical term) ; [/.avOdtvu to acquire a 
 habit, understand, observe, learn; (jieSu to [be wise], control, rule; 
 lA,ESo(ji.at to brood, consider, devise; (jieSewv guardian; [aiqSo(i.o!i to 
 devise, invent, protect; MeSouaa the brooding, obstinate, petrifying 
 winter; MigSeta the crescent moon, won in the east by lason the healing 
 sun ; she gives him the golden-fleeced cloud of morning torn from the 
 darkness-dragon; evades her father Ai-aites, Aietes (eternal night) 
 by scattering the limbs of her brother the morning-star ('A^nupTds, 
 Si|> (Jiipw drawn-back; cf. Romulus and Orpheus); like Circe she is a 
 sorceress of change and new birth; she hangs her silver crescent- 
 caldron in the west and turns sunset clouds to morning clouds (rams 
 to lambs), but destroys her husband's uncle Aison (fatal night, 
 aha) ; becoming old moon again she is deserted by the sun, and slays 
 their star-children in revenge; [i.u6oq deep thought, wise word, tra- 
 dition (manth to meditate, mut to grind, revolve). Lat. meditor to 
 
 reject ; medeor to heal; mtdicus physician; modus, modius [careful, 
 traditional] measure; moderatus; modestus (vastu nature). Goth. 
 
— 82 — 
 
 maudyan to advise, remember, suggest; mods brooding mind, wrath, 
 rancor, scorn; mundon to watch, guard; O. N. media pride; mod 
 thought, mood; madhr man; modhr anger; A. S. madkelian to discuss, 
 
 address, argue; medhel argument, combat. Lith. mandrus brave, 
 
 cheerful ; 0. R. mandru wise ; R. mudrost wisdom. Ir. midim, midiur 
 
 tt. think, judge; med scale; medar prophecy; mdidim to praise, boast; 
 miad, mod respect, honor; muad good; [co-im-mediu], coimmdiu 
 lord; maithe sorrow {manth) ; O. C. Medhdhu judge, lord, Medhdhillus, 
 Medhdhicus. 
 
 Sk. ma, man to [grasp], measure, think ; ma I, ego (thinker, handler) ; 
 
 ace. mam, ma (but cf. p. 21). Zd. ma. Gk. ace. [ae, l(i,e; Ijio? 
 
 my. Lat. ace. me; meus my; Umbr. dat. me-he. Goth. mis = 
 
 mihi;mik = me {-que, Ua). O.R. ace. men; Lith. dat. man. Ir. me 
 
 !• dat, ace. -m,-, e.g. ni-^m-charat=non m£ am,ant; do-m, to me; mo 
 my; W. mi I; Bret, me I; me, men my. 
 
 Sk. md {mdmi, mime; p. p. mitas; caus. mdpaydmi) to [grasp], 
 measure, mold, fashion, form; mitas small portion, little; mav,mavy, 
 mu (p.p. mutas) to [grasp, pinch], bind; ma (mimdmi) to sound, low 
 [through contracted throat]; [mavyam], mlm, to sound; mukas [throt- 
 tled], dumb; md negative particle (withholding). Gk. [xutToi;, 
 
 (jLuSo?, ji-uvSos, (jLuoid? dumb; ijujaxa^ upper lip, moustache; [lua^ clam, 
 mussel (tight-lip); [Auaxpov, [ji,uoi:(Xt] spoon (cf. v.iy\oq, shell, spoon); 
 [AUTTWTd?, (AuiJia [lip-smacker], dainty; [jioTdq lint {mitas); (jluctis closing 
 lip, eyes; [/.uctt]? [tight-lip], initiated; fjLuaxiQpiov mystery, di\ine secret, 
 profound emblem, myth; [jluIw to initiate; [xuau, jjionjiuat), [ioiiAuXXw 
 to purse the lip in displeasure; t''°'"5?. (Jf'O'oi; frowning; (i-ii,u[jiuv 
 blameless; (j,(i>(jio<; scorn, shame, blame; Mw^oi;, '^(hv.^q mockery; 
 He(A(poiJi.at [mdpaydmi] to blame, find fault; ii.£tJ.(pi? reproof; M6t)io(; 
 oracle, flute-player [pursed-lips] ; ytuw to close mouth or eyes; ^(ii>>^ 
 blinking, peering, short-sighted; iauu;]; [sucking-mouth], gad-fiy; ^(il,(i> 
 to mutter, grumble, suck, sip; %a-za\xuu>, xa(JL[j.uw to wink; \i.l\iku> to 
 copy the face, imitate, pretend; (xtixo? actor; [itq negative particle. 
 
 Lat. mutus dumb; muttio, musso, mussito to mutter; [memfitis], 
 
 mefitis [choker], carbonic acid gas; [mompa], mappa [mouth-stopper], 
 napkin; mamma [mumbled, milk-sack], breast; Mummius, Mumolus 
 
 foster-father. Goth, mampyan to mumble; bi-mampyan to mock; 
 
 mammo flesh (mumbled, dainty); Dutch, moppen to pout; M. H. G. 
 mdwen; N. H. G. miawen; O. N. midma to mew {mithdmi); Eng. 
 mops and mows wry faces; to mump, mumble; O. N. mumpa to fill 
 the mouth; mumpr moustache; Ger. mummen to mumble, feign, 
 
— 83 — 
 
 pretend, wrap tight; mummery, mummy. R. myamlit to mumble. 
 
 Ir. mebol [mockery], shame; mumme nurse, god-mother; Old Ir. 
 
 Momonia Munster = foster-mother, Bwtidtvsipa ; Mod. Ir. moth voice 
 [muttire]; {Ft., It. mot, motto); Ir., W., Bret, mam mother; Bret, muer 
 enclosure, coop; Ir. menn, minde dumb ((JiuvSd?). 
 
 Same root with nh, ng, k intens. Sk. md to low, sound (contracted 
 
 throat); mukas mute. Gk. [jluxo? mute; (jiux(ito[i,ai to bellow, roar, 
 
 blow, hiss; (Aa)x.cJo(Jiat to mock; iJiu^d? crack, crevice, creek, interior 
 (tight-lip); ax(5iA-d:xos [mouth-gulf], maw; (xoyyi? choked voice; \i.6ayo<; 
 
 [sucker], calf, sprout; [i.-ri-:^do\>.ai to bleat. Lat. mugio to bellow; 
 
 muscosus mewling, puking ; muscus moss (rock-sucker, lux^v) ; 
 musca fly (blood-sucker). ^ — — Eng. smug with pursed lips; Bret. 
 mouhein, mohein to pout; moSk voice; muser to scent {museau 
 muKzle); mouch faucet, snuffers, blindman's buff; head of pear 
 (gag). 
 
 Same roots+yar, ir, il to speed; vri, \vli\, -fillus to love; beloved. 
 
 Sk. mav, mavy, [myav, miv] to bind, contract, pinch [lips and eyes] ; 
 smi (smaye) to smile; smayam pleasure, surprise (preparing lips for 
 food like a baby) ; smitam a smUe; mil to wink, close the eyes; ut-mil 
 to open the eyes; smil, (mil, kshm.il to wink, cast the eyes auwn. 
 
 Gk. iJLsIpa^ girl, effeminate boy; [jiefXta love-gift, charm; [xsiXsTv 
 
 to please, soothe; (AsfXixo? (Aeol. [jleXXixo?) mild, gentle; (jLsiXtaao) 
 to propitiate; [ji.(Xto(; rouge; [At'Xcpai loss of eyelashes (casting eyes 
 down); MiXXaio?, MfXYjto?, MiXxu, MfXtwv, MiXTt-aSr)? (svad); (jieXo?, 
 ^iko\i.y]ka sweet-lay; (xeXxw (causative) to be charming, sing, play, 
 dance ; [ji.sXi honey ; t^eXiaaa bee {ish to desire) ; [(xXfTTw], ^XEtto) to 
 
 gather honey. Lat. mirdri, ad-mirdri to ogle, glance, admire; 
 
 mel honey; mellitus honeyed; miliar better; merum pure wine. 
 
 O. H. G. smieren, smielen to smile; Low Ger. smellan to [snuff], smell, 
 be savory; Goth, milith honey; milds affectionate, mild; O. N. maer 
 girl; maela to make excuse, plead; maelindi eloquence; mdli dower; 
 mildr generous; mylen sun; A. S. maere delightful, glorious, good news. 
 
 0. R. smiyati to laugh; smeikhu laughter; milu merciful; milo 
 
 dower; R. mleit to faint, languish; mir peace? smirenie humility? 
 smirn[v]iy gentle ; khmelnoi drunk {gmll) ; khmel hops ; smeilost [good- 
 cheer], boldness; Lett, smeet to laugh; Lith. meilus lovely. Ir. 
 
 mil honey; milis sweet; smeidim, smetim to nod, beckon. 
 
 Sk. mav, mil, mavy to encircle, bind, compress; miv to swell o- t, 
 be round, fat; minv to [anoint], please, serve, sprinkle, [pour oi • 
 
— 84 — 
 
 mayus bile; miv, me to [stir, whirl], alternate, change. Gk. [nafvu 
 
 to splash, stain, defile with blood; t;.tap6e polluted, accursed; \>.lixa[>.ix 
 defilement, blood-guilt; a[i.iv%<; [pollution], mouse (Semitic idea 
 from Crete and Lycia); SixtvGsij? Apollo [atoner for pollution]; [Atvedu 
 to smear, defile, abhor; ciAiu, uiJiiixw to wipe, wash, cleanse, anoint; 
 
 oiA^vos hive (dripping honey). Lat. [Minvenius], Menenius liberal. 
 
 0. N. mein, A. S. mdn crime, sin; Ger. Meineid perjury. R. 
 
 m[v]it to wash (minv). Ir. muine lard; mdin swamp; miin urine; 
 
 min well watered, luxuriant, verdant ; Bret, min cheerful look, bonne 
 mine; min-hoarh smile (cf. (JiEiSiiw, mid to be fat); 0. C. Mevania, 
 Manavia, Mona the Isle of Man (W. Minau, Manaw; Ir. Mana[v]an^ 
 Mananan) ; Moenus, Minius, [Minicius], Mincius rivers (watering, 
 verdant) . 
 
 Sk. mav, mavy to encircle, bind; miv to move round, [alternate, 
 pass to and fro] ; kdma-mUias moved by love ; [mavy], me to cross over, 
 barter, exchange; may to move; apa-maye to change; ni-mayas ex- 
 change; mayUkas [spoke of wheel], ray; mayUras peacock; mdyd sleight 
 
 of hand, magic. Gk. [[ia/:ia], \i.txi(x [swaddler, dandier], nurse ; iicHEijojjiat, 
 
 ^ai6o\).ai to be nurse, midwife (cf. m^inv to anoint, wash) ; Mai'-av8poq = 
 guTniveipa nurse of men; d(x.eu(o, [a^Leipu], dixef^w to change, ex- 
 change, leave aside, go beyond, conquer; itap-a(j.£t^(i) to leave aside, 
 pass by, divert, alter; &[i.oi^-q exchange; djjieujf-xopo? with varying 
 
 paths; [(J«fa], [i-'m [one turn], one (fem.). Lat. moveo to move 
 
 about; [movim^ntum], momentum movement, [circling] period; [movi- 
 mem-brum], membrum [revolving on socket], limb; m^mbr-dna (p. lo), 
 limb-seat, socket-lining, membrane; muto to exchange, change; 
 mUtuus mutual, reciprocal; meo, com-meo to circle, roam, pass to 
 and fro; com-meatus exchange, produce, provisions; [miv-agro], migro 
 to [change fields], move, roam. ■,[movetuo], metuo to vacillate, be anxious, 
 fear. A. S. mae-v, 0. N. mdvr sea-mew [circling]; Eng. sm£w migrat- 
 ing duck; A. S. mdven, O. H. G. mdyan to [whirl sickle], mow. 
 
 Lith. mauyu (inf. mauti) to shove ; mainyti to exchange ; mainas change; 
 R. meinyat, smeinyat to change; m,inovat to turn aside, avoid, pass 
 by; m[v]itar [circler], tax-gatherer, juggler; u-meit to revolve in mind, 
 reflect; smeis mixture (cf. p. 43); smeishivat to mix; smeishkat to 
 take another's place; 5wei/a reflection ; m[v]islit to reflect; pere-meinyal 
 
 to change; myat to [mix], knead. Ir. mo, mil, mos soon [returning]; 
 
 Bret, mau, mao whirling, merry, gay; moui floating hair, mane; 
 meiat, m6at, meiein to knead; m-i dough; moier hub; m^eu6z [giddiness], 
 drunkenness; mhuel servant [passing round, brisk]; mu-durun hinge 
 {dor = door) ; 0. C. Mevennus, Maufennos, Mivila. 
 
— 85 — 
 
 Sk. mlv to go round, revolve, shove; mi to go round; mi (mindmi) 
 to whirl, hurl, smite, wound; mi to hurl down; mi (mindmi) to [bore, 
 
 set stake], found, make firm. Gk. MIvus fotmder of Crete; sun, 
 
 revolving and creating; his wife, Pasi-phae (shining on all) is the 
 moon; like Europa (broad-face, full-moon) she represents the Semitic 
 moon-goddess Astarte, and loves the bull-headed Baal (sun); her 
 child is the destroying Minotaur (winter solstice) confined in the 
 spiral Labyrinth (converging circles of winter sun) ; Daedalus (much 
 circling, shaping, another stm-god) is confined in it but makes wings 
 and flies away; his warmth melts the wings of his son Icarus (vicarius, 
 twin, morning star), who perishes like Eurydice, Absyrtus and the 
 
 dawn-goddess Semele ; M iv6ai Arcadian heroes. Lat. minari to hurl, 
 
 brandish, threaten; e-mineo to tower above [as a pole]; e-minus at a 
 distance (dart); co-minus hand to hand (spear); ad-mini- culum prop; 
 
 moenia palisades, stockade, walls; munire to fortify. O. N. moenir 
 
 crown of head, temples ; mein injury, crime. Ir. menad an awl ; mian, 
 
 mianach shaft, mine, ore ; menn [whirling, dizzy], dumb ; minna weapon ; 
 Bret, minaouid awl; min shaft, mine; niinein to mine; meineg stony; 
 m^n, mein hewn stone; taoul-men, dol-men stone table; O. C. Meinus, 
 Mina. 
 
 Sk. mi (mindmi) to hurl, whirl, wound; mi (mindmi, mindmi) to 
 [rub], scrape, diminish; mi to hurl down, destroy; minminas [whirling], 
 
 stammering. Gk. [acvijw, ;jlivu9m to wear out (trans, and intrans.), 
 
 diminish, perish; [jiiv6-!^t)0c; short-lived; [juvu? small; i».e{uv less; iistdw 
 to lessen, diminish, moderate, degrade; i<,fvuv9a very little, brief; 
 (Atvupfl^u (aupll^u) to whimper, pipe, hum a tune; (j.fv9a mint [sweet- 
 pinch; or mind to anoint]. Lat. minuo to diminish; minutus 
 
 ground small; minor, minimus; minis ■ ter coTiel. oi magister; (p. 15); 
 Osc. mins-treis = minoris; Lat. mintrio to whimper; mentha mint. 
 
 Goth, mins smaller; minznan to diminish; minnists smallest; 
 
 A. S. ge-maenan to break, injure; O. H. G. menza mint. O. R. 
 
 minan (inf. menti) to crush; miniy smaller; R. menshiy smallest; 
 
 Lith. menkas little; minu to crush; menta mint (0. R. id.). Ir. 
 
 min, W. mwyn, Com. muin, Bret, moen thin, small; Bret., meni- 
 dimin. prefix; min, mineu, mined cub; [mentvenna], mentenn mint. 
 
 Sk. md, man, man, to [grasp, encircle, distribute, go round], honor, 
 revolve in mind; mi (matydm) to go round, understand; mand to 
 
 [wreathe], adorn; manis pearl, gem. Gk. [L&vvoq, [Jiavoq a necklace. 
 
 Lat. monile necklace (s'ifXu) ; moenia ring-wall ; mUnire to fortify. 
 
 0. N. mew necklace, fillet; A. S. mewe necklace ; O. N. mon, O. H. G. 
 
— 86 — 
 
 mana mane. Ir. muin, muinel neck (man or horse) ; muince necklace 
 
 {ang pressing, fitting) ; muin-torc collar; mong mane, long hair; muine 
 [round] bush ; W. myn mane Z. 891 ; Bret, minel ring; monet to go about; 
 0. C. Monnius, Monninus, Munnius = Torquatus. 
 
 Sk. mi (minomi) to set, make firm, [melting with] man to [grasp, go 
 round]; m^nd to encircle, adorn; mund to rub round, shave; mundas 
 
 round poll. Lat. mons mountain. O. N. moenir crown of 
 
 head, forehead. W. mynydd, Corn, menith, Bret, menez moimtain; 
 
 Bret, maten mound, hill; moteu lumps, clods, peat; O. C. Monetio, 
 Monedo-rix, Montione, Montobriga. 
 
 Sk. ma, man to grasp, measure, reflect, delay; manth to reflect 
 deeply, turn in mind, [remember], mourn ; m^dh, meth to reflect, [grasp], 
 understand; mand to [embrace, encircle], wreathe, adorn; madhyas 
 middle, midmost, waist, centre; math to delay, move round, 
 dwell [versari]; to rub round, wear out, grind; mut, munt to grind, 
 whirl down, [strip], shame; mund to grind, scrape round, shave, rub 
 round, be cleansed, whirl, be sunk; mundas bald head, round poll; 
 mud to mix ; mudra clasped hands ; ring ; seal ; mid, mind to [rub round], 
 anoint, be anointed, love; meduras anointed; medas marrow; meth 
 to be sticky, adhere; meth, medh to [complete circle], meet (as hoop 
 ends) ; math, manth to whirl, stir, shake, confuse, destroy; mantharas 
 [round and round], slow; mith, mid, meth, medh to whirl, hurl, shoot, 
 wound, kill; mad to whirl, [dance], be dizzy, drunk, mad, joj^ul; 
 madas madness, joy; madhus strong-drink, mead, honey; mand, mand, 
 mad, mud to be glad, praise. 
 
 Sk. mand to [embrace, circle, wreathe], adorn; madhyas waist, 
 
 centre, middle; madhyamas midmost, between. Zd. maidhya 
 
 middle; madhema the middle one. Gk. [(AeGyoq], {Jieooo?, (aIooi; by the 
 
 waist, by the middle, in the middle, mid, midway, between, middling; 
 \t.k<s<s«'zo<; midmost; (jisaTd? [to the very brim, brimming], full (wreath, 
 circle) ; ^jieaio) to be in the middle ; [JLEaipa, \x.i(i<fi even to [the brim, circle, 
 time, limit]; ti^o-itiXov [mid-ball, large kernel], medlar; [xsou-iqyij [SyxO 
 between (of space and time) ; [[isoTQiAspfa], [xeoTQii^pfa midday; (xes-iipiii? 
 
 exactly middle (apw); ^k<smt in the middle ==madhye, loc. Lat. 
 
 medius, mid, middle; di-midius half; [medidies], meridies midday; 
 Osc. \methiai\, mefiai in the middle {madhye); Lat. medi-astinus [axtu= 
 astu] half-witted, dull drudge; medi-ocris [acer] half -sharp; rather dull. 
 
 Goth, midis (gen. midyis)= medius; midumsth.QTa.iddl&;midyun" 
 
 gards world [surrounded by ocean]; midu-monds mediator; 0. N. 
 medhal middle; {midli}, milli between; A. S. mes^y]ere mid-year, 
 
— 87 — 
 
 midsummer; mdst [centre-socket], mast. 0. R. mezhda between; 
 
 tnezdhu in the midst; R. mezh, mezhdu between; mezhevat to limit, 
 survey land ; meisto [centre, position], place ; Lith. (with v for w as in 
 
 Celtic) vidurys the middle ; vidui within ; vidus interior. Ir. meddn 
 
 mid-, middle; mid-lai midday; mMe neck; mess [brim], edge; muad 
 middle ; mind crown . 
 
 Sk. math to go round and round, be slow, dwell, rub round, wear 
 out, grind; mut, munt, mund to grind, scrape round, rub, shave, 
 wash; mundas bald head, round poll; mastam head; miui to mix; 
 math, manth to whirl, stir, shake, confuse, destroy; manthas, mathanam 
 stirring, rubbing, churning; manthdnas churning-stick; pra-manthas 
 fire-drill; medhras = mentula, goat; mandala globe, disk, orbit; mand 
 
 to [coil up], sleep; mandurd stable. 0. Pers. Mandane [orb of] 
 
 Nature. Gk. IIpo[jnf)6e6<; fire-drill, lightning, chained with fiery 
 
 links to thunder cloud (attracted into a myth of fore- thought, pro- 
 phecy; and provided with a brother 'Exi(i,-r)eeij<;) ; \).6bo<; whirl of battle; 
 li.(50wv toiler, low-caste; licentious dance, shamelessness; ^Moikoq 
 lasciviousness; (a^vSy)? goat, satyr; ^6b<x^ slave, drudge; jjiavScixT] hide 
 (tousled, curried); [i,av5d(XT)<; wisp, withe [twisted]; [jidvSpa circle, hoop, 
 bevel of ring, enclosure, fold, [coiling, hibernating]; (jLavSpa-i-dpas 
 (^opde, ^ardmi), sleeping-food, mandragora; iJ,sv6iQpTQ grinding care; 
 {i,ov6uXsuti) to stir, stuff, round, sprinkle; [La'zsdu}, [i,a[v]aT;suti> to circle, 
 roam, explore; [Loixaui to roam, be vagrant, idle; (Jidnratoi; [vain repeti- 
 tion], idle, vain; [ji.aTf]v in vain; (/.(to? thread, string; [Aftpa girdle, 
 
 diadem (mut). Lat. mando, manduco to grind with the teeth, chew, 
 
 eat {mand +duh, to tousle) ; [mendum], mentum ja,w-hone, chin; mundus 
 clean; mundus round globe; mons ([mandis], montis) [round-top], 
 mountain ; mendum splash, stain {manth) ; mendior, mendico to [go 
 round, grind out], beg; [mendior], mentior to [go round, dodge, evade], 
 
 lie (cf. Goth, maidyan); mendax lying; mentula; matula. Goth. 
 
 maidyan to cheat, corrupt (xaxtjXsuscv; be charlatan, vagrant, liar); 
 in-maidyan to traffic, exchange, buy, transform, disguise; ga-maids 
 crushed, maimed; af-mainds fainting, exhausted; munths mouth 
 (grinder) ; O. H. G. mtdan to turn aside, avoid; O. N. mondull stirring 
 stick; moedha to [grind, bore], weary; mynd form, shape, [globed]; 
 
 tnundu to become. O. R. mentan whirlwind; mentezhi confusion; 
 
 R. metla broom; Lith. menturis chum. Ir. mandraim to grind, 
 
 destroy; mant, menann gum of mouth [mill]; maidim to overthrow, 
 defeat, burst upon; mudu, mudugud destruction; maide handle, [stir- 
 ring] stick; maistred churning; mdethal cheese; m^dg whey; mathem 
 weariness, exhaustion; muth-gaman [winter-sloth], bear; menadach 
 
— 88 — 
 
 stirabout, porridge; mod toil, work; mothaigim to grope after, feel; 
 mothar ring-wall, clump of trees; mathem weariness, slackness; in-made 
 in vain; [mend], menn (W. mynn, Bret, menn) goat; Bret. m£ud ram; 
 mend full-size, full-grown; m^ndem autumn; meudet exhausted, sleepy; 
 [moned], monet to roam about; go; W. mantol [circular] scale of balance; 
 O. C. Mutina, Modena [ring- wall, fort]; Petro-mantalon four-circles 
 (ct.Petro-corii) ; Mantala,Mantalomagos (race-track? cf. Epo-mandui; or 
 Druidical circle) ; Mand-onius, Mandi-bilis, Mand-ubii; Mandu-essedum 
 wheeling-chariot. 
 
 Sk. math, mut, mund to grind, rub, wear out, shave, wash; mid, 
 mind to [rub round], anoint, be anointed, love (cf. fovea, faveo); 
 mittras, mitras friend; sun (anointed face, cf. dih, OcYYavo), ddgen; ni^, 
 Neptunus); meduras anointed: medas marrow, fat; meth to adhere, 
 
 stick. Old Pers. MWpa? sun-god. Gk. [jiaBao) to ooze, be sore, 
 
 wet, to lose the hair, be flaccid; [AaSap6(;wet, soft, sore; [xdSov, i^iaSuvfa 
 water-lily; [jial^aw to knead; yiat^a barley-cake; [jiasTd?, Ion. Ep. 
 (jiai;(5<;. Dor. (JiaaSd? woman's breast (globing, worried by child, cf. 
 eif, avu, dug); 'Ajxai^tov breastless old moon, after loss of swelling orb; 
 armed with crescent bow and targe she leads her stars against the 
 forces of day; she outlasts the Agvin day-star and is Hippo- dameia; 
 again she marries Theseus the sun and is mother of the Agvin Hippoly- 
 tus ; the Amazon name was given to the beardless Tartars with their 
 bows; (isl^ea, [/.tjSsoS genitals, bladder (trickling); (AetStdw, (istSdu to 
 smile (anointed-face, cf. mittras); \i.dhi]\).(x smile; [CT[i.tSaXti;], (jeiit'SaXis 
 fine-flour, pastry-flour (kneaded with oil) ; [luSaco, i».uSaiv(o to be wet, 
 clammy, decaying, ulcerous; [jiiiSpo? white hot metal (cf. aflhripo<;= 
 sweat-iron; Sk. agmasaras stone-marrow, iron); [(laSvo?], [lavo? soft, 
 spongy; thin, sparse [of hair, vegetation; cf. (xaSau]; ^kuz wax molded 
 
 by bees (mut) . Lat. madeo to be wet, dripping ; madidus wet ; mdnare 
 
 to trickle; medulla marrow (cf. olla); [smidldgo], simildgo pastry-flour 
 
 (ango, squeeze, knead); mitis gentle, mellow (cf. mittras). Goth. 
 
 bi-smeitan to smear ; ga-smithon to work hot iron ; smitha smith ; 0. H.G. 
 
 smizan to grease; smuz smut; O. N. modh mud, swamp. 0. R. 
 
 mando testicle (tii.Y)Ssa); R. maz grease; mazat to anoint; m^id copper, 
 
 bronze (melted, worked). W. em-medu brass; Ir. u-mae copper, 
 
 brass; u-maide brazen; mdeth tender, soft; maithe sorrow; mid-lack 
 effeminate; smeidim, smStim to [smile], beckon, nod; metk fat, decay; 
 maith, mad generous, kind (melt with mathe p. 8i) ; Bret, mad good- 
 ness; mitour copper-smith; O. C. Madonius, Madocvis, Madusius. 
 
 Sk. mut to grind, [bore], wear away; math, munt, mund to grind, 
 
— 89 — 
 
 pound, bray, strip, scrape, shave; mith, mid, medh to hurl, whirl, 
 
 wound, kill. Gk. (jLii-ciXo?, (ifTuXos [stripped], dehorned; (xutiXoi; 
 
 mussel (torn from rocks); jaktcuXXu to hash; aut(5'iJiaTos self-moving, 
 
 [matas,-p. 78]. Lat. mitto to hurl, despatch, send; missile missile 
 
 (sIXm to whirl); mutilus torn [by animal], mutilated; meio to [pluck], 
 
 reap; messis harvest; metellus [harvester], hired-man. A. S. smttan, 
 
 O. H. G. smizan to smite {mid) ; Goth, maitan to hew; 0. N. meidha 
 to harm, wound; meidhr sword, stafE; A. S. modhdhe moth (0. H. G. 
 
 motte). R. m^itit to take aim; m^tat to hurl; pred-met aim; smotreit 
 
 to glance round; motat to whirl, strew round; motok a bobbin, spool; 
 
 mot a spendthrift. Ir. mdtan club; smit he ground, plucked; 
 
 methledir reaper; W. metetic pruned; Com. midil reaper; Bret, medein 
 to reap ; mSdour reaper ; Ir. math bear (tearing) ? Bret, mastin mastiff ; 
 O. C. mataris javelin; Mattiarii lancers; Matto-barbulus slinger; Medio— 
 matrici [rushing] among the spears. 
 
 Sk. math to revolve; meth, medh to meet (hoop-ends); to cling 
 together; to whirl, wound; mith to whirl, wound; mithds opposite 
 [ends], with one another, reciprocal; mithunas mated, paired, united; 
 
 mithyd [twisted], falsely, in vain. Zd. mat with. Gk. ^(Tpoc belt, 
 
 head-band; (i-firos warp (to and fro); seed (scattered); [i,e'C(i! = recipro- 
 cal action ((JieT-aXdeadw to exchange) ; (JLexi with, together, opposite, 
 across; after (cf. felloe, follow); inverted action ([ii.e'ira-pdXX«i) to turn 
 
 back). Lat. mutuus mutual, reciprocal. Goth, mith with, 
 
 between, in the midst; miththan meanwhile; ga-motyan to meet; 
 mathl market-place; matha worm [coiling]; A. S. ge-mdt assembly, 
 
 meeting; mitan to meet (Sk. mud to mix); mid with. R. mutit to 
 
 twist, trouble; mj/ate/ whirlwind. Ir. mithich [just-meeting], at the 
 
 right moment; Bret, medthuiah (meeting finger, cf. pollex); drag-net; 
 mSz beyond, outside. 
 
 Sk. [mith, minth, misth], reciprocal. Zd. mizdha wage, pay. 
 
 Gk. iJi,ta6(5? wage, pay. Goth, mizdo, A. S. [meosd], meord pay. 
 
 O. R. mizda pay; R. mzda profit; mest revenge. 
 
 Sk. manth to whirl; m^ to dance, be dizzy, drunk, mad, joyful; 
 met, med to be mad ; madas madness, intoxication ; madhus sweetness, 
 honey, mead; madhuras sweet; mand, mand, mud to be glad, praise, 
 exhilarate; madas drunkenness; madanas strong drink, god of love. 
 
 Zd. madhu honey. Gk. iJilOu strong drink; ii,s6ij(o to be drunk; 
 
 (leeiiaxo) to intoxicate. Lat. madidus drunk; [mudsum], mulsum 
 
 mead; mustum must. A. S. medu, O. H. G. metu, mead; A. S. 
 
— 90 
 
 mdse whirlpool; ge-maed mad; M. H. G. ge-meit merry, gemuthUch, 
 
 munter; O. H. G. mendi joy. O. R. medu honey, mead, wine; Lith. 
 
 midus ho-iey. Ir. mid mead; medar drinking cup; medrach merry; 
 
 medar mirth; \Medv], Medb; O. C. [Medvus], Mebdus, Medu-briga, 
 Medu-[v]anta (mead-market) ; Epo-medvos (curvetting steed) ; Medoa- 
 cus, Modoacus eddying stream. 
 
 Sk. ma to [grasp]; manh to [swell against pressure, be turgid], 
 grow; to [burst out, sparkle], shine; to be [dashing, generous, over- 
 flowing], to give; magham happiness; mank to grasp, grow tall, 
 shine, be honored; mah, mdh (mahdmi) to [inflate, swell, glorify], 
 magnify, honor; mahas glory, power; mahan greatness, wealth; 
 mahant great; manhishtas = maximus; mahi earth; [manh], makh, 
 makk, mank, mang to move round, [round out, be great]; mank, 
 mangh to [wreathe], adorn; mangh to dance round, speed, mock; 
 
 [myah], mikh to [twist], vex, hurt; [spin out]. Zd. mxiganh, maga 
 
 size; magita, maz, mazant great. Gk. y-eya?, [^eyyuv] (AsEt^wv, 
 
 IJiEYicTO? great, greater, greatest; jjisYaXuvw to magnify (van); [jisYaEpu 
 to [look up at something tall], to suspect (sub-spicio), be envious, 
 grudge, bewitch; yteyapov lofty (timbered or vaulted) hall, second 
 story, palace, sacred cavern; Msya'pa grudging fate; ^axeSv6<; [sprout- 
 ing], tall, slender; MotxeSdveq glorious; [j.dxap, [laxaptoq rich, fortunate, 
 
 glorious, blest; ja^xo? length; [x-Qituvu to lengthen. Lat. magnus, 
 
 [magyor] major, maximus great, greater, greatest; majestas majesty; 
 magis the more, rather; mag-ister; Magius, Maccius, Osc. Mahius; 
 m,ax glorious (only in abl. made virtute, of glorious excellence; cf. 
 
 ^m.ag) ; macer [tall], slender. Goth . ma[g]iza greater ; maists greatest ; 
 
 mikils great; mikilnan to grow; mikilyan to magnify; O. H. G. mihhil, 
 
 A. S. micel, O. N. mikill great (cf. [AeydXr]). Lith. moku to be able 
 
 (manM) ; R. mols to be strong; to know; mo}s force, vigor. Ir. mag, 
 
 mog great; [do-for-magim], tor-magim to increase; [maha] mda, moa 
 greater; [maham], moam greatest; mag, macha, field (place of growth); 
 machdad admiration ; mass stately, beautiful ; mdss thigh ; W. mwy great ; 
 mwyaf greatest; Bret, magein to make fat, feed; magus nourishing; 
 mehuen June; mats field; mihur (deponent) to nourish; O. C. Magius, 
 Ma[g]iorix; magus field, town; magulus chief; Mag/. agMos [joyful chief]; 
 Magli-avus chief's grandson (Maclou, St. Maid) ; Magalo-rix [mighty 
 king], Mailorix, Mallory) . 
 
 Sk. manh to swell, grow, [burst out], flash, [be strong]; mah to 
 honor ; mahas bull, joy, feast ; mahan wealth ; makhas sacrifice ; magham 
 
— 91 — 
 
 gift, felicity; mangalam luck; mangh to make an efEort, begin, hasten, 
 
 adorn. Gk. (jloxXsijw to prise up, heave, wrench with lever; ^o%k6i; 
 
 crow-bar; \>.6xboi; effort, toil, exhaustion, distress; nu/GcXw to groan, 
 pant; ^\)%&o\i.ai to bellow; [Aoylw to toil; ^6yo<; labor, childbirth; \i.6yiq 
 with an efEort, hardly; ^i%pi [reaching with an efEort], unto, almost 
 
 to, as long as. Lat. [mans], mas male; masculus virile; ma[s]ritus 
 
 lawful husband {rite duly); mos honored custom. Goth, magan 
 
 to be able; mahts might; magus, magula boy; magaths maid; A. S. 
 maeg [helper], relation, blood-f riend ; maegdh tribe, kin; Ger. muhen, 
 
 bemuhen to make an efEort (tAdyt?). O. R. mogan (inf. moshti) 
 
 to be able; po- moshti to help; R. mozhno it is possible; magukiy vig- 
 orous; mok vigor; muzh husband [ma^]; muzhik laborer; Lith. macnus 
 
 strong; macis power. Ir. [maham], mdam, mdm [power, dominion], 
 
 property, slavery; \mognar\, m^nar labor; wog, mug slave (toil); 
 maigre salmon (impetuous efEort) ; macraille testicle ; [mah, mag], 
 magg, mac (W. Bret, map, mob) son, lad, child, descendant; O. C. 
 Magantia, Mogontidcum; Macco, Maccius, Macc-avus; Mogo, Mog-il- 
 lius (freedman, slave). 
 
 Sk. manh to swell, round out, grow; maksh to heap up; makh, 
 mang, mukh to go round, revolve; mank to go round, [wreathe], 
 adorn; WM^Miam crown, crest; mukulas hud; muktd pearl ; mukhamia.ce 
 
 (vultus, turning) ; front ; spear-point. Gk. [jn(i,a(5iuXov arbute berry 
 
 (perfect globe); [jLoux,T)poe, [iuxripo?, (iji^i-SaXov almond (bud, knop); 
 (i,6)iir)<; knob; [xt^xcov (Dor. [Aaotwv) poppy; [AiixXat, stripes, brindles; 
 
 'A^iixXat ring-wall; [jLaxeXov ring-wall, enclosure. Lat. macellum 
 
 circular market (so Varro) ; maceria garden wall; macula round spot. 
 
 Goth, smakka fig (rounding, knobbing) ; [mahil], mdil (cf. [mahis], 
 
 mais) a round spot, mole (O. H. G. meild, A. S. mdl, mael) ; O. N. 
 
 mdl decoration of sword; m.dl pebble; Ger. Mohn poppy. R. mak 
 
 poppy ; makovka poppy-head, crown of head, top ; smokva fig. Ir. 
 
 mocol globe, vault, fruit, shell; [macel], mdel round-head, bald, blunt; 
 mael- land diadem; mael-assa round-toed shoes; mucor cornel berry; 
 mecon knob, lump, root; Bret, mangoer wall. 
 
 Sk. makh to revolve ; mukham face (turning, vultus) ; mukhatas face 
 to face; mukham point of sword, acies, line of battle; mukharas leader, 
 
 chief. Gk. &\t.\j%ixkt] point of dart (d intens.) ; a\j.6a<sti to wound, 
 
 mangle, tear; i^fj^fl wound. Lat. mucro sword-point. Ir. mucna 
 
 fierce, defiant, assailing; O. C. Mucro. 
 
 Sk. i" makh, mankh, manH, mang, to go round, revolve; mangh to 
 
— 92 — 
 
 ■hirl about, speed, sport, adorn, mock; ma^ to brag; to [race round, 
 erplex]; snatch away, cheat; muMh to be confused; munk to confuse, 
 leat; to whirl, sling, let fly, set free; mu^ (munMrni) to sling, hurl, 
 loot, set free; to dash out, pour, shed, rain; ava-mule to cast off 
 othes, undress, unharness, separate ; prati-muk to [whirl round, wrap], 
 ind; mish to sprinkle; mui to rub round, wipe off; 2^ maksh to heap 
 p, roll together, knead; {makh,manU,mang to revolve, take the sense 
 f grinding, chewing, biting, kneading, tousling, cf. Yvd6o(; = fewrad); 
 10^, manU to grind, chew, crush; manksh to desire (prey, food); 
 lansam flesh, fat; a-misham flesh, pleasure; mangkatus [anointed], bay, 
 liestnut; mashi ink (oily) ; 3" makh, mank, mang to revolve, take the 
 jnse of whirling sword, scourge (which also bite) ; of whirling, sling- 
 ig, trapping machines; ma^i to sink [in whirlpool]; mani, to wash, 
 
 ipe, rumble, sound. Gk. [Aaaau ((^.d^w) to knead, wipe, [chew]; 
 
 daxa^ jaw, mouth; lAdaGXiQ?, (ji.da9XY)ii,a leather (wash-leather, rubbed 
 dth fat, tousled, curried); iJidaTC^ scourge (whirling, biting; YvdSo?, 
 nout) ; (jiacmxdo) to gnash the teeth; jjiaaifxt) gum-mastic (tough, tena- 
 Lous, (JXtvoe, lentiscus; cf. lawia, zah); [jiaY'? kneading-trough, dough; 
 ayeus kneader, wiper; [L(i~(zigo<; cook; ^ait-afia paste, macaroni; 
 XT^X". <J(Adw to wipe, soap, anoint, wash; a(Ji.f)5t? wiping, cleansing; 
 aYyavEUd) to trick, cheat, bewitch (maM, munk to trick ; muh to dizzy, 
 ewilder) ; [idfaSts [quick-finger, octave], lyre, or flute producing octave; 
 dyyavov [whirling] spell, philtre; axis of pulley; catapult; hunting-net; 
 axxodwto be [dizzy], stupid; (JLTQxavdofJLat to devise, plot; iayj/os device, 
 2medy; i*.Y)xavK5 device, wile, machine; ^a<syi6iKi\, \}.£kt\ (cf. axilla, old) 
 •evolving] arm-pit, shoulder-joint; ^^ayai^ix [sharp-tooth], hunting- 
 nife, dirk (used by Maxdwv the surgeon to extract arrow); [xaxoiiat 
 3 fight (Heb. Idkkam to eat, mi-lkhdmah-wa.T) ; (laxeXXa [biter], mattock? 
 
 lu^sXdi;, ;ji,U!JoeX(i?], [jlueXo? marrow, brain (kneaded in leather). 
 
 (at. massa dough ; macero to soak, soften ; Massicus rich-soil (It. massa 
 arden); maxilla, mala jaw; macto to slay; mancus bitten-ofE, maimed; 
 iaccus greedy buffoon; o[m]-mdsum sour-meat, tripe (p. 20); mango 
 
 lave-dealer, cheat; e-mungere to cheat. A. S. maga, O. H. G. 
 
 lago jaw, gullet, belly; A. S. mengan to [stir, knead], mingle; menigeo 
 rowd; Goth, mekeis, A. S. mice sword; O. N. maekir sword, blood 
 biting, mang) ; O. E. mayhem to [bite off], maim; A. S. be-mankian to 
 tiaim, behead; 0. H. G. mangalon to lack; Goth, managei [whirling] 
 rowd ; manags many {Menge, mancher) ; [mihms], mims flesh ; mukamodei 
 oft-mood, meek; 0. N. miukr soft; smiuga to crawl into, smuggle; 
 ). E. mich to skulk; Ger. schmeicheln to flatter; schmucken to adorn 
 mangh); Schmauch feast {mans am); A. S. smocca tunic; smeccan to 
 aste, smack, kiss. Lith. masgoti to wash; minkau, mankshtau to 
 
— 93 — 
 
 'k-nea.d;minkshtas soft ; O. R. menknanti to soften; manka flour (kneaded) ; 
 menzdra parchment ((iduBXir) s) ; menso flesh ; R. myaso flesh ; maslo butter, 
 oil ; maz grease ; myakot pulp ; tneisit to knead ; myagkiy soft ; muka flour ; 
 mozg marrow, brain; mezdrit to curry; meikh hide, fur, leather-bottle, 
 bellows; makhat to whirl, brandish, beckon; makh motion, stroke, 
 
 wing; me^ sword. Ir. mescan, mesgan lump of butter, dough; medg 
 
 whey; maisse food, victuals; mess [ripe] fruit; weapon, point, edge; 
 meng deceit; mong [mangh] hair, mane; meng fawn; miichaim to wrap, 
 hide (prati-muk) ; Bret, mahein to heap, press, crowd; maheignein to 
 mutilate ; meginiein to curry ; megin hide, bellows ; michod soft, mellow ; 
 mih confusion, shame (dizzy); O. C. Mango, Mangonius, Massonius; 
 Mosa, Mosella [watering, softening, fertilizing]. 
 
 Sk. manh to [burst out], flash; mangh to whirl, speed; maksh to be 
 [eager], angry; manksh to desire; ma^ to whirl away, cheat; muh to 
 whirl, be dizzy; mash, mush to whirl, hurl, brandish, slay; mag, mig 
 to be angry, buzz, sound; muU to dash out; mish to splash, sprinkle, 
 rival, flash the eyes; makshas gad-fly; mdkshas bee; mushalas, mugalas, 
 
 musalas club, pestle; mushti fist. Zd. makshi fly. Gk. (jiifflw to 
 
 hate; [uTao? hatred; [[Aucata], (JiuTa fly (cf. [iusXd?); [JiiSaxos [gad-fly, 
 
 sucker], calf, sucker of tree. Lat. musca fly; muscus moss (sucker, 
 
 XeixtJv); wo^b quickly, soon; mico to flash, brandish, shoot, sparkle; 
 mica [spark], crumb; miser [mish; tearful], wretched; misereor to pity. 
 
 O. H. G. muccd, A. S. mygge, O. N. my midge {muh) ; Goth, missa- 
 
 evil, harmful; 0. N. miskr buzz, whisper, purr. Lith. mtise fly; O. R. 
 
 mushitza gnat ; mukha fly ; R. m^ai to dash, flash ; mshMenie vengeance ; 
 meUta vision; mishen target; m[v]isl thought; mshist[v]iy mossy; mokh 
 
 moss. Ir. miscuis hatred; miscsech hated; miscaid curse; messa 
 
 worse; mi-, mis- evil, mischievous; mo, m.u, mos, mach quick, soon, 
 early; Bret, musein to [suck], scent; m^us lad [quick, alert]; misi 
 anger, indignation, surprise; Fr. mousser to sparkle; 0. C. Moccus 
 Mercury (early, prompt) ; Mocconius, Modus; mocu [lad], descendant; 
 Mosconnum, Muscio, Mussa, Musa, Moxsius; Muscidcus, Musiidcus 
 (busy, industrious; Moissac, Moussy 34). 
 
 Sk. mush, mush to [whirl, maraud, strip], steal; mUsh, mushas, 
 
 mOshikas mouse (thief); mushkas testicle. Gk. [aO?, ^s^ijq, ajjif?, 
 
 (T(ji,(v8os mouse; muscle (playing around surface of limb; cf. lacerta 
 lizard, muscle) ; [(xuaauv], (xutiv thigh muscle (cf . tiuta) ; (juJo/ov genitals. 
 
 Lat. mus mouse; musculus little mouse, muscle; mus-cipula 
 
 mouse-trap. A. S., O. N., O. H. G. mils mouse; O. H. G. mils 
 
 ■biceps. O. R. m[v]ishi mouse; R. m[v]ishka muscle, shoulder-joint. 
 
— 94 — 
 
 Sk. makk to go round ; maM to twitch, cheat ; mi^h to twist, vex. 
 
 Gk. [lixpo?, (Jiiixpo?, Dor. tuxxd? small, mean, trifling (squeezed, 
 
 pinched off). Lat. mlcidus petty, mean; macer lean. O. H. G. 
 
 smdki meanness, pain ; {schmahen, Schmach) ; A. S. [smahil], smal, small ; 
 
 O. N. smd,r small; small small cattle, sheep; minka to diminish. R. 
 
 munU to [twist], torment; muka torment, grinding; moMlit to un- 
 twist, strip; m[v\ikat to pull, twist; mizinets little finger. Ir. 
 
 [mekr], mer finger; mir bit, fragment; O. C. Miccus, Miccio, Miccius, 
 Micra. 
 
 Sk. mish to whirl, dash, rival; mih, muH to pour out; muh to be 
 dizzy; mikh to twist, vex; miksh, migr to stir, mix; mish to sprinkle; 
 wa^^ to sink [in whirlpool], be drawn down, drown; migras mixed; 
 
 a-miksha mixed milk. Gk. [jiEaifw, \^i-^w^i, ai<,t'YW to mix; (i,iYa, 
 
 lAiySa, {i.{y5y)v mixed, promiscuous; [aI^i? a mingling. Lat. wwceo 
 
 (mixtus) to mix; miscell-aneus. A. S. miscan, O. H. G. miskiu 
 
 to mix; Goth, misso mutual. Lith. mishti to mingle; maishyti to 
 
 mix, meet, gather; mishinis cross-breed; O. R. fneisiti to mix; R. 
 
 wemi to knead ;mewto [meeting] place? meishattomix, confuse, vex. 
 
 Ir. mescaim to mix, mingle, stir round, move ; mesce [dizziness], drtmken- 
 ness; Com. cym-mysc mixture; Bret, meskein to mix; mesk crowd; 
 m£ij, m^h mixture, confusion. 
 
 Sk. muh to be whirled ; mih, muk,mMnli, to dash out, pour out, send 
 out, set free; moksh to set free; moghas emptied, vain. 
 
 Sk. muk, (munMdmi) to dash out, pour out, weep, rain, mingere, cacare, 
 [be slimy, disagreeable]; [muhtr], mutr = mingere; mutras urine; mu^, 
 
 mun^towi-pe off. Gk. (i(xo(jiij(jati) to blowthe nose; (Jiuxiri^p snout, nose; 
 
 [xuxTTjpEI^w to bleed at the nose ; [hold the nose for bad smell], mock ; [jiu^a 
 mucus, lamp-nose; (iuxy)? lamp-snuff, fimgus, slimy excrescence; nuco? 
 abomination, crime; (tijiuxw to smolder, smoke (bring tears, stop nose). 
 Lat. mungo to blowthe nose; mUcus; mOcere to drivel; mixa [drip- 
 ping] lamp-wick; moestus tearful; mustum must. A. S. mixen, 0. N. 
 
 myki dung; A. S. smocian to smoke; Eng. smudge. R. moknut to be 
 
 wet; mokrota moisture; phlegm; mokit to wet; moMa urine; mokhorka 
 
 tobacco. Ir. much smoke; mUchaim to stifle, smother; to hurl 
 
 down, dash down, destroy ;f or -muchaim to dash water upon, extinguish; 
 mucc, mug hog (W. moch, Bret, moh) ; Bret, moged smoke; moj snout; 
 mehien mucus; moug suffocation; mouch spiggot; lamp- wick; mouhein 
 to pout, scorn, be angry; mouih stench; O. C. Mocidcus, Muciacus, 
 Mugilis. 
 
— 96 — 
 
 Sk. mih {mehdmi, mekshyami) =mingere, semen effundere; mehas, 
 [meghra], medhras urine, goat; mehanam=membrum virile; mih mist; 
 
 meghas cloud, bad weather. Zd. miz=mingere, humectare. Gk. 
 
 diMxIo) mingo; o[ji.txiAa urine; [xotxo? adulterer; <5[JifxXY) mist. Lat. 
 
 mingo; [megyo], meio; micturio. A. S. mige, Goth, maihstus dung; 
 
 Goth, [migan] to beget; megs son-in-law; 0. N. mistr, mugga mist; 
 mokvi, mokr darkness, low cloud; myki muck; Eng. muggy, musty, 
 
 mist. Lith. my zhu= mingo; Lith., 0. R. migla mist. Ir. an-mich 
 
 rainy weather ; W. mwg smoke ; mwci fog. 
 
 Sk. wa to [grasp, encircle]; mav, mavy to encircle, bind; miv to 
 move round ; mi to [grasp], crush ; diminish, destroy ; with the addition 
 of ri to stir, fly up, be active (termination of active agency, developing 
 in yar, yal, ar, arv, at) the roots become: mri to [be whirled, ground, 
 perish], die; mdryami to cause to die, kill; mrin to [twist], sling, kill; 
 mldi (mldydmi) to [be ground down], wither, faint, perish ; smri {smard- 
 mi) to revolve in mind, remember; mal, mall to grasp, [surround, en- 
 circle]; mo/o,mdZj'05 wreath, vine; Malayas encircling mountain range; 
 mil to [complete circle], meet, join, unite ; marv to go round, fill to brim ; 
 murv to [encircle], bind, tie ; mur to wrap, clothe ; mill to [round out, 
 be turgid], grow, become trtink, be firm; mUlam stock, trunk, root; 
 mduli round head, garland. 
 
 Sk. mri {mardmi, m/riye, caus. mdryami, p. p. mritas) to [be ground], 
 die, kill; marayus, mrityas mortal; a-mritas immortal; a-mritam. drink 
 of immortality; maras, mritis, mnranam death; m-rin to kill; mdris 
 
 plague; mldi to pine, wither, be exhausted. Zd. mar to die; mareta 
 
 mortal; maretan man. Gk. I'jxopTTEV he died (Hesych.); [[Apo-co?], 
 
 Ppo-cds mortal; ^poTo? death-blood, gore; a-(ji§poTOi; immortal; dji-^poata 
 [immortal life], food of the gods; ii.apvaiJi.at to fight in a crowd, ring 
 (grinding, cf. (xtiXo?) ; (xapafvu to [grind, crush], wear out, destroy 
 slowly, extinguish; to waste away, decay, wither, fade (mldi); (jiapfw, 
 (^.atpiau to pine with fever; ^xaplX-q charcoal ashes; Mopixw ghoul, 
 goblin; d-ixdpavto? tmfading; [i,dpaeov fennel (dying and reviving 
 from root; cf. fuw, foenus, foeniculus); (Adpavat?, (i,apaa(j.o? decay, 
 pining; [d-iAapirdvu], (5:(i.«pT(itv(i) (2. aor. f)fj.Ppoirov, Aeol. inf. atx^pOT^v) to 
 [fail to kill], miss one's mark, err, sin; (mrin to hurl), ^powiq thunder- 
 bolt, thunder; dti^XuvM (mldi, at, euphon.) to grind down, bltmt; 
 Cretan Bpti:(5[jLapi;t? ((Ji.pttoii.ap'ct?, death upon death, survival of fittest, 
 course of nature), Artemis; cf. Diana of Nemi, of Scythia; Bhuvdni 
 existence; Moloch. Lat. morior to die; mors (mortis) death; [mor- 
 
— 96 — 
 
 vm], morbus disease; mortalis. Goth, maurthr murder; smarna 
 
 refuse; O. N. mordh death; morna to wilt, molder. O. R. mreiti to 
 
 die; moru death, plague; su-mruti [good] death; mrutvu corpse; R. 
 morit to kill, starve, quench; martishka [little creature], marmot, 
 swallow; Lith. mirti to die; maras plague; moral bier; smertis death. 
 
 Ir. [marv], marbaim to kill ; marb dead ; marbnad elegy ; [mromiaim], 
 
 bronnaim to waste, destroy, disappear ; ferdn sorrow -.brdnach mournful; 
 brd (brond) mill-stone; briiint to grind, crush, destroy (cf. p. 63); 
 brui oblivion ; brSnaim to [be dead], rot, stink ; W. marw death, dead ; 
 Bret, mar'^ dead ; mariiein to die ; brein rotten. 
 
 Sk. marv to go [round], fill [to brim]; murv to [whirl, encircle], 
 bind; maurvl cord, bow-string; mur to wrap, clothe; mri to [grind]; 
 mritas destroyed; marut [whirl]-wind ; wind-demon; marutas wind, 
 air; [rednp. Imar-maras whisper, murmur (cf. eddying wind) ; marman 
 a secret; a [revolving] limb of the body (cf. [movembrum], mem- 
 brum) ; murmuras [whirling] fire of chafE ; god of love ; horse of the stm ; 
 marlHis ray of light; mariJeas [spark], pepper; mdrishas chief actor on 
 
 stage (busy, circling). Gk. itapixafpo) to flash; [i,apn,dpsos flashing; 
 
 ^ap\xagoq marble; [jiopoets sparkling; [lupov, [Aopov mulberry (glittering 
 facets); afjLaXspd?, \i.aXtp6<; flashing, blazing; [Jioppta, (AoppfvY) agate, 
 jade; \>.op\j.up<ii to ripple, plash; \iup\Lo<;, iiupiir)^ ant (running to and 
 fro, restless, busy; repeated in Zd. maoiri ant; O.N. maurr; Low Gar. 
 miere; O. R. mravii; W. morion; Bret, merien); (XT)p6s thigh (turn- 
 ing in socket [marv, mar]); ^ip\i.i<;, ni^ptvOo? cord, line; iJL-tipuM to furl, 
 coil, wind, weave; \isp\i.y6<; hawk (circling); iJLepijnQpmo? rover, pirate; 
 {jiwpdi; [dizzy, puzzled], fool (marv) ; (jiaupoa) to darken, make helpless; 
 \i.aupoq, a\i.aup6q glimmering, dim; dull, weak; (jlwXu? feeble, duU; 
 (jiwpoq apparently takes the sense of wheeling, mad, wild, in Homeric 
 i6\j.(iigo<;, eY^eciiAwpo?, ffiv!4(/.opoi;, uXaxdfjLtopo?, wild with arrows, spears, 
 destruction, howls. Lat. Mars{-tis) wind-god; Mariius wind- 
 month ; merula black-bird (nimble) ; murmuro to grumble ; morus, 
 morio fool; morari to be [dull, puzzled], slow; morosus gloomy, ill- 
 tempered. A. S. merh brisk, merry; myrdh mirth; O. H. G. mor- 
 
 muron, mormulon to murmur; Goth, marzyan to confuse, hinder; 0. N. 
 
 mdlmr glittering metal, steel. Lith. murmu to mutter; m-urmlenti 
 
 to murmur. Ir. smSr fire ; smSroit coals ; mer qxiick, sudden, merry, 
 
 mad; mer finger (nimble); merle theft; meraige fool; [merval\, merbal, 
 merba random-shot, blunder, lie; [meirv], meirb, mall slow, tedious, 
 weak ; maraim to delay, remain, continue, dwell. W. marwyd hot coals. 
 
 Sk. marv to go round, fill to the brim; marya boundary; [myaras], 
 
. — 97 — 
 
 miras sea (horizon-bounded); Malayas encircling mountain range; 
 
 [marvus], marus desert (plain). Gk. 'A\»jifl\i<xpo<; son of Poseidon 
 
 (round horizon, sea); [xupfoq boundless, infinite; [xXY)V[i.upt(;], xXT)ti.(jiup£s 
 
 full-sea, high tide (p. 60). Lat. mare sea; marinus; muria brine, 
 
 pickle; mur-ex sea-shell [marv, murv, mur]; Marius = great. Goth. 
 
 marei sea ; mari- saivs lake ; A . S . mere sea ; mdr moor ; mdra larger, more ; 
 O. N. marr sea; O. Dutch maere sea, swamp; O. H. G. miwr swamp, 
 
 waste, moor. 0. R. morye sea; R. [mur, mvir], mir world, universe; 
 
 Lith. mares sound, bay. Ir. muir sea; muir-mdru syren; mdr great; 
 
 mdraim to magnify; molaim to praise; Bret, mor sea; mar^z plain; 
 
 marS tide; mar more. O. C. Mori-dunum sea-town, now Seaton; 
 
 Morini; Are-morici by the sea,; Mori- mar- M5o great-sea- water; ocean; 
 Mori-rex, Mori-tasgus great chief; Mor-vennum great delight. 
 
 Sk. marv to brim; mri to [revolve, grind]; smri (smardmi) to 
 revolve in mind, recall, remember, think, desire ; smritas remembered, 
 loved; smritis, smaranam reflection, memory; smaras love, thought. 
 
 Zd. mar to remember, know, recall, mention; mareti instruction. 
 
 Gk. iJi,ep[i.a£p(i), (ji.eptJi.ir)pfl^o) to be anxious, reflect, debate, devise; 
 
 jAEpfjirjpa, (jLEpi-jAva ( +[i,vao(ji.at) anxiety, thought; (jilpjAspoi; memorable, 
 famous; plotting, crafty, mischievous; brooding; tAipTU? (-upo?) 
 rememberer, witness; (jiapTupIco to give evidence; napTijpo[ji,at to call 
 to witness; [tefpo) (iixfjiopa) to think earnestly, judge, distribute; 
 [c^i-spaTac, (jsjxpaTat], sYiAap-cat to receive, attain one's share; to be 
 allotted by fate; yidpatiJios fated; (Aolpa Fate, lot, share of booty, 
 land; (Jiipa division of army; [idpo? lot, doom, death (melting with 
 mri); [jidpiov portion, member, limb; nepo? portion; [jLsp-otp with 
 modulated, distinct voice, human; jjilXo? lay, music, a limb; caus. 
 (jlIXxci) to sing, dance, make merry; ]i.i\u> to reflect, plan, prepare for 
 the future; [i,IXX(<) to intend to do; to be destined, likely, hesitate, be 
 about to do; (leXetiu to care for, study, practice art; (xeXISuvos guard; 
 
 (asXIty) anxiety, regret, sorrow; care, attention. Lat. memoria 
 
 memory; mentor mindful, affectionate, attentive; moereo to [recall 
 the lost], regret, mourn; m^reo to [be attentive], earn one's share; 
 
 merenda portion, lunch. A. S. waere memorable, glorious; maerdhu 
 
 fame; Goth, meryan to proclaim; vaila-mers praiseworthy; maurnan 
 to be anxious; A. S.WMrwaw to be anxious, lament; 0. N. w^/ appointed 
 portion, fate, decree, bargain; [appointed] feast; meal; Goth, mel, 
 
 A. S. mael appointed time, birthday. O. Pruss. er-mirit to reflect; 
 
 Lith., 0. R. m^ra portion; share; R. mir allotment, holding, peas- 
 ants' village; mir [bargain, treaty], peace; smirenie submission to 
 destiny, peace, calmness, humility; Lith. uz-mirshtu to forget. Ir. 
 
 7 
 
— 98 — 
 
 mairnim to give evidence, reveal, betray; wir a [share], portion, piece; 
 mar [of the same size] as; like; Mod. Ir. muirn affection, love; smuirean 
 grief; Bret, mirein, mSren [allotted portion], lunch; mellein to be 
 occupied, interested; O. C. Merium, Meronnum; [P]Ro-smerta=hQ- 
 loved; a goddess, companion of Mercury; Smerius, Smerto-rix, Smer- 
 tullus. 
 
 Sk. ma to [grasp], measure; marv to [contain], fill, brim, go [round, 
 enclose]; mal, mall to grasp, hold; [maro, maur], mur to surround, 
 
 wrap, robe. Gk. \j.a(>ii hand; \x.&piq measure; euji-apsia handiness, 
 
 dexterity, opportunity, ease, comfort; ei^iap-qi; easy, roomy, com- 
 fortable; itaXavery [full], exceedingly. Lat. murus wall. A. S. 
 
 merran, d-merran; O. H. G. marryan to confine, obstruct, moor; 
 O. H. G. m-^ra wall. Lith. muras wall. 
 
 Same root + pa causative. Gk. [jidp'TCTW to grasp, grip ; [lopyiu 
 to [grip], mold, shape; [nopf-fi shape; (Aopfvo? gripping (an eagle); 
 [[AXaxTu], pXct'jcTw to catch, trap, hinder, delay, harm; Ppa^uXo? wild- 
 plum (free-pick); gap^tXo? wild-peach; ^ap^tTo? lute (picked, 
 plucked) . 
 
 Sk. marv, [malv, malb, mulv] to be full, [juicy, tender, sappy, gummy, 
 
 melting]. Gk. (jitoXu?, &-\^Qik6<; soft, tender (d intens.) ; [diAXu?], 
 
 d[ji,§Xu? dull (melts with p. 95) ; [xoXo^pd? full, lazy, greedy (of beggar; 
 of flower with head just out of earth) ; [ji,oXoupf(; [greedy] locust; 
 [loXuvM to wallow, defile; (AoXo^ptov young pig; jaoXu^So? lead (lumpish, 
 
 heavy, tug; cf. pig of lead and R. svinya pig; svinetz lead). Lat. 
 
 marruvium, marrubium horehotmd (sappy, marrowy) ; malva mallow 
 (full of sap) ; melior [richer], better; mollis mellow, soft, weak; mulier 
 
 woman; mulvus, mullus mullet; murus mellow, ripe. 0. H. G. 
 
 marawi, maro, murwt, N. H. G. murbe mellow, soft; Fries, myol 
 
 mellow; O. H. G. smelzan, A. S. smeltan, meltan to melt. R. 
 
 smola resin, gum, pitch; malta bitumen; mors fruit-juice; m[v]ib 
 foam, suds, soap; milovat to be gracious; molit to pray; Lith. 
 
 malone grace. Ir. m^ll, meld gracious, lovely; Mag Mell Elysium; 
 
 mellach delightful; mol[v]aim to praise; molbthach praiseworthy; Bret. 
 mel sap, marrow, brain; milein to praise; O. C. Mallus (P'Malley); 
 Mallonus {Maloney); Malorix {Mallory); Mellonius, Mollonius; 
 Malava, Malvanus rivers. 
 
 Sk. same roots; marv to be full, [overflow, be oozing, sweet]. 
 
 Gk. 11.1X1 honey; ^eXfippuv honeyed, delicious; \xHic(!<x bee {isk to 
 
— 99 — 
 
 desire). Lat. mel {melUs) honey. Goth, milith honey. Ir. 
 
 mil honey; milis sweet. 
 
 Sk. marv to brim [circle, overflow], be full, go round, [stir] ; malam 
 
 mire, sin; malinas black, defiled; mal-ambu ink. Gk. pXciaxw 
 
 ((i.oXoui«,at ; cf. mluk) to go round, wend, come and go; (jioXuvw, (xopuaaa) 
 to roll in mire, defile; (ji,sXa(; black, malignant; ^.IXav ink; ^jisXaivfa) 
 
 to blacken. Lat. mains black-hearted, bad; malitia, male-volus, 
 
 mali-gnus (^enus, nature). Goth, melyan to write; mel writing; 
 
 O. H. G. meil a blot; mdlon to paint; 0. N. mdl decoration. Lith. 
 
 molis clay; melynas [smeared with] blue [clay]; Lett, mels black; 
 R. mar at to splash, defile, blacken; malina raspberry; malinoviy 
 
 crimson; meil chalk (daub, white-wash). Ir. [mevul], mebul [stain], 
 
 shame; mela shame, sorrow; mele bad;W. melyn; Cor. milin; Bret. 
 melen [smeared with] yellow [ochre]; O. C. malinas high-tide (brim- 
 ming); meles badger ("Nee spemendus adeps dederit quem bestia 
 meles") ; Melinus. 
 
 • 
 
 Sk. marv to brim; mur to wrap, [rub rotmd]. Gk. [iiipMto flow, 
 
 trickle, weep, bleed; (Aupov ointment; yitjpTOi; myrtle (anointed, glisten- 
 ing, fragrant leaf; associated with Aphrodite on account of smri, 
 smritas); [Jiijppa, a[Ji.i3pva myrrh; ct^jlupk; polisher, emery; [i.upos, afjiupo? 
 [slimy] eel; lAupatva, afiupaiva [slimy horror], lamprey (cf. iJaiva, 
 
 hog-horror, hyaena, aEvdq). Lat. moereo to weep, mourn; moretum 
 
 salad. Goth, smairthr (O. H. G. smero, O. N. smior) fat, butter, 
 
 marrow. Lith. smarsas fat; R. marat to defile; muravit to glaze 
 
 pottery. Ir. smir marrow; Bret, m^rat to knead; mel sap, marrow, 
 
 brain. 0. C. Murranus (apothecary); Murrius; Murra, Mur a ($ 
 
 rivers) . 
 
 Same roots [to revolve, rub]. Gk. ixiiXv), [AijXoq mill, mill-stone, 
 molar-teeth; jjiuXwv mill-house; iiuX(i)6p6s miller; (».uXXw to grind; 
 ajjiJXifi [ground] knife, razor, lancet. Lat. molo to grind; mala mill- 
 stone; miles soldier [devourer, cf. Ir.]; mola meal; e-molu-mentum 
 
 hard-earned pay; mulus [moiler], mule. Goth, malan to grind; 
 
 malvyan to crush ; faur-mulyan to stop the mouth (Maul, mill) ; malo 
 moth-miller? malma sand; 0. H. G. melo meal; mulyan to crush; 
 
 O. N. mil jaw; meldr meal; melr pebbles. Lith. malu (inf. malti) 
 
 to grind; 0. R. melyan (inf. mleiti) to grind. Ir. melim to grind; 
 
 do-melim, toimlim to chew, eat; millim to crush, destroy, ruin; milliud 
 destruction; mil soldier; mil devouring monster; sea-monster; louse 
 
— 100 — 
 
 (cf. pediculus p. 54) ; mdel [worn], bald; Bret, moel hub, bald; mollein 
 to print (wheel-ruts]. 
 
 Sk. same roots; [marv, malv, mulv] to whirl; mallas pugilist (whirl- 
 ing, brandishing, crushing). Gk. (jiwXo? press of battle, fighting in 
 
 circle; (jitiX-uiJ; [black-eye, broken-face], bruise; \f.m\lc, knife; [xauXfaq 
 sword; a-iJ.tXXao(ji,at to race round, contend; \i.akiq [flashing], white. 
 
 Lat. molior to make an effort; malleus hammer, maul [crusher; 
 
 brandished]. O. N. miolnir thunderbolt, Thor's hammer; mdlmr 
 
 sword, metal; mdl [whirHng, circling] conversation; mdl-rUm place for 
 
 conversation. R. molnia lightning, thunderbolt; molot hammer; 
 
 molot to grind metal ; molotit to thrash ; molva circling report, rumor. 
 
 Ir. molmar talkative, boastful; mol conversation; Bret, melein to 
 
 boast; O. C. [mulmillo], murmillo ftill-armed gladiator; Mullo Mars. 
 
 Sk. mal to grasp, [enclose]; mallis, malll, malati jasmine (ringing, 
 clasping); mala, mdlyas wreath, wreathed; [myal], mil to [complete 
 
 circle], meet, collect; melas, melakas assembly, festival. Gk. [jiuXXii; 
 
 curved, twisted; iiuXXai'vw to contort the face; (jluXXov lip; [d{-(jiop/:oi;] 
 d^iopPo? follower, attendant; [i.tXX(5(; [going round and round], slow; 
 lilXeo? idle, useless; (jieXi« ash tree; jieXivo? ashen [flexible]; [xiXos, 
 
 ^Vka^, a(JitXa^ yew [flexible]; cjiiXa^ bind-weed, convolvulus. Lat. 
 
 mille a thousand (assembly, crowd) ; milvus kite (circling) . — R. tnah 
 
 [handful], little. Ir. im-malle, wa/Ze [meeting ends], at the same time; 
 
 mall [circling], slow; mala eyebrow (curved) ; mal-artaim to exchange, 
 trafHc {ri to aim; dryas true, exact); m-ile a thousand; Bret, woi/fe 
 ring, mail; mel a vertebra (turning); eyelid; mailhurein to swaddle, 
 emmuilloter; O. C. mili-mindrum [dizzy-mind], hen-bane; Isid. 17, 9, 41. 
 
 Sk. marv to fill, brim ; mill to [swell, round, form trunk], be firm, 
 grow; mulam stock, root; mdulas of good stock, well bom; mdulis 
 round head, curly, bushy; turban, tiara; millyas full price, pay; 
 
 murtis round body, trunk, solid. Gk. [(lafXo?] (AaXXd? [bushy] fleece; 
 
 IJi'^Xov, itaXov [fleecy] sheep; [rotmd] apple; [jiaXXov more; ^ika ex- 
 ceedingly; (jieXfyiQ millet (bushy head, mul, miil, i*.sX); itwXu, (xuXulia 
 
 bulb, garlic. Lat. mMum apple; mdlus mast; m,oles roimd mass, 
 
 mound, mole; multus [bushy, leafy], abundant, much; mulus mule 
 
 (strong, stocky)? emolumentum full pay. 0. N. smali sheep? R- 
 
 smeil[v]iy bold, [firm]? Ir. mol beam; mell globe, ball; mell, mullach 
 
 mound, rounded head; molt wether; W. mollt, Cor. mols, Bret. mou[rf 
 sheep, mouton; Bret, mellad foot-ball; O. C. Moltinus, Moltelius, 
 Multelius sheep-owner. 
 
— 101 — 
 
 Sk. marv to go round, move round, [rub round], fill, brim, [overflow]; 
 murv to [grasp], bind ; mur to wrap, robe ; mill to be turgid. Intensified 
 by terminations [anh, ankh, ang, anksh, ash, as] they develop the 
 roots mri^, mdr^, mark to wipe off, strip, dry, purify, stroke, soothe; 
 tnriksh, mraksh to anoint; mrish to sprinkle, wet; mrif to [grasp], 
 touch, handle, examine, consider; mrish to grasp, hold up, bear, en- 
 dure; mrig, marg to wander, seek; mrigas hunting, game, antelope; 
 mrunH, mruk, mluk to roam, wander; mlekh to [whirl, tremble], 
 stammer (cf . balbus) ; mlekkhas barbarian ; murkh to be whirled, con- 
 fused; murkh to pour into, enter, occupy, fill ; to be turgid, grow. 
 
 The following meanings arise; to move round, rub round, soothe, 
 stroke, bewitch, milk, anoint, sprinkle, glitter, be greasy, rotten. 
 
 Sk. mri^ (marimi, mamdr^, mrishtas); mdr^, mark to wipe off, 
 purify, stroke, soothe; mriksh, mraksh to anoint; marakatam [glitter- 
 ing], emerald; mrish to sprinkle, bedew, be gracious, forgive. Zd. 
 
 marez, to stroke, wipe. Gk. di\j.eky<iito milk (dc intens.) ; &^o'kye6<; milk- 
 pail; dtiAoXyds the dead of night [soothing, sleep-bearing]; dtfi-dpYY)? 
 squeezings, olive lees; &\j.opy6q squeezer, strainer; 6\j.6p'(w\).i to wipe off, 
 dry; [laXiffao) to squeeze, touzle, curry, soften; \).<i'ka-([i.a poultice; 
 (jiaXaxdq soft; [jiaXaxfa calm; itaXctxiQ mallow; ^'kqxp^'i, PXa^, languid, 
 weak, dull; ik[L(xp6zs(ii to glitter, twinkle (mraksh); &\).(xp{iyfi glitter, 
 gleam; anapaySoi; emerald; [(Jiapayaphir]?], (jLapyapftir]? pearl; ^(jiapaxo? 
 
 marjoram (anointed, perfumed). Lat. mulgeo to milk; mulctrum 
 
 milk-pail; mulcto to fine (milk the cow); mulceo to soothe, stroke; 
 mulco to quiet with a club, give a licking; amurca olive lees; marceo, 
 marcesco to be wilted, rotten; marcidus wilted; margus clay (soft, 
 
 ductile); Marcus = h.OTse (anointed, glossy); Marcellus =co\X. A. S. 
 
 melcan, O. H. G. melchan to milk; Goth, miluks milk; milhmadoud 
 (Indra's cow); mailrgins morning, dawn, to-morrow (anointed sky, 
 cf . dih to anoint, dagan dawn) ; A. S. mearg, mearh marrow (cf . milhma) ; 
 mearcian to smear, mark; smear dan to smirk; mearh, mear horse; 
 
 O. N. marh, mar horse. O. R. mluzan to milk; Lith. melzhu (inf. 
 
 milshti) to stroke, milk; R. moloko milk; morzh walrus (mammal); 
 smolkat to be soothed, calmed; molkat to be silent; morgat to twinkle, 
 
 wink; mertzat to glitter; [mleknut], bleknut to wither. Ir. melg, mlicht, 
 
 blicht milk; bligim to milk; ar-na-mharach, iarnabharach to-morrow; 
 [mricht], bricht [stroking], mesmerism, enchantment; mrecht, brecht 
 streaked, striped, plaided; bracht fat; meirg rust; melg-theme death- 
 darkness (&^o'Ky6(;); Ir., O. C. marc; W., Cor., Bret, march horse; 
 Bret, mergl rust; merh girl, daughter in-law (milkmaid, cf. duhitri); 
 
— 102 — 
 
 O. C. marga clay; Morgia, Murgia, Morgana, Mulcha 9 rivers; 
 Mulce-dunum, Mulciacum; Braccios. 
 
 Sk. [mrinh, mrii], mrif to grasp, touch, handle, examine; wmA 
 
 to grasp, hold up, support, endure; mrish to [touch], splash. Gk. 
 
 (JjAlpi-w to pluck off; dfJiopYtid? gathering, collection; ij^opyiq flax; 
 &]x6pyri flax-plant; \t.(xpan:o<; [grip], pouch; (/.aXxfo) to be gripped, 
 
 numbed with cold ; ^AaXxr] numbness (cf . numb from niman) . Lat. 
 
 merx gain, profit; [Merc-curius], Mercurius lord of gain (xupio?); 
 merges sheaf; m^rga rake; mergo to plunge (touch, splash, bathe); 
 
 mergus gull. A. S. mercels goal (to be touched) ; O. N. m^rk 8 ounces 
 
 of silver (cf. SpaxiJi.i] handful). R. mvloManka flax-fibre; mmozit to 
 
 [grip], harden, freeze ; morozhenniy frozen ; moroshka berries (plucked) ; 
 
 morshkit to wrinkle (twist, wring); morosit to mist, rain (mrish). 
 
 Ir. m^rge banner (grasped, upheld) ; merg wrinkle (crumpled) ; 0. C. 
 Merco, Mercius, Mercasius. 
 
 Sk. mrig, mdrg to circle, wander, htmt; wngow searching, himting; 
 game, antelope; mriga-trishnd [wanderer's thirst], mirage; mdrgas 
 hunting, track, road; mruk, mrunk, mluM, mlunU to go round, roam, 
 wend; murkh to fill to brim, [pass boundary], invade, occupy, swell out, 
 
 be strong. Gk. [(iXwaxw], pXwaxu (ti£(JipX(i)x,a p. 99) to go to and fro, 
 
 go, come, return (of hour, season) ; [lopYtov a land measure (boundary). 
 
 Lat. margo brim, border, seam, margin. Goth, marka, A. S. 
 
 mearc, O. H. G. maracha boundary, limit; Frank, marcher to march 
 
 round, protect frontier, guard. R. blizhniy neighbor; blizhe nearer; 
 
 bluzhdat to wander, go astray. Ir. mrogaim to press on, go roimd, go 
 
 on one side (ip6(4v(o) , extend boundary, enlarge ; brocc shoe (tramper) ; 
 mruig, bruig boundary; briugu landlord; brc^g] champion, defender; 
 brogda great, excessive; Bret, brog brim; bro region, land; brois com- 
 patriot; O. C. Allo-broges invaders (otXXo?, a& another's) ; Cum-brogi, 
 [con-brog, Cymbraegth], Cymraeth, Cymri allied tribes; brogilo enclosure, 
 district (breuil, It. broglio garden); Brogi-tar[v]os champion-bull; 
 warder of frontier. 
 
 Sk. murUh to brim, whirl, be dizzy, bewildered, mad; 
 
 stupor ; murkhas stupid (forms melt with mrig as above) . Gk. (xapYiiM. 
 
 [xapYotfvw to rage, be furious; iJiapYoq wild, mad; [AapYooiivY] passion, 
 
 desire; [<,apdaa(i), a^jiapaYlu, to rattle, crash. Lat. marcor [dizziness, 
 
 exhaustion], lethargy. O. N. mark wild-wood, tree (cf. skogr wood; 
 
 shaggy, cingo); myrkr (A. S. myrc) [bewildering] darkness; myrkvidhr 
 murkwood, night-terror, darkness dragon; Goth, marzyan to tangle, 
 
— 103 — 
 
 trap, lead astray. R. merknut to darken; mraMniy dark; merzkiv 
 
 abominable. Ir. mairg bad luck; mrechtrad, brechtrad mixture (.stir- 
 ring round) ; [mrachth], mrath, brath treason, deceit (snare) ; brec a lie ; 
 Bret, brug heather. 
 
 Sk. murkh to [round out], fill, be turgid, grow. Gk. niSpTfoe, \i.oly6q 
 
 skin-bag, wine-skin, \i.6pyoq round pannier, wagon-body. O. N. 
 
 margr, morg much; A. S. malsc puffed up, proud; Goth, untila-malsks 
 headstrong. Ir. mraich, braich (W. bragu) malt; O. C. Bragodunum. 
 
 Sk. mlekh to stammer, babble. Lat. blaesus stammering. 
 
 Sk. marv to brim, [eddy] ; mri to [grind], kill ; mrid {mriditas, mam- 
 arda, caus. mardayami) ; to [grind], rub, wear, scratch; mret, mred, 
 mlet, mled to [whirl], repeat; be fierce, mad; mridh to slay, [draw 
 blood], be wet ; mridham battle ; mrid-angam war-drum ; mrin to wound, 
 
 slay; mrad to grind, rub, bite. Zd. mared, to [grind, chew], bite. 
 
 Gk. (jilpSo), d[i.sp8w to [bite off], deprive, rob, pluck off, rub, wear 
 
 out, dull, blind; diJiaXSiva) to crush, ruin, waste (dt intens.); [^xXaSapd?], 
 pXaSapd? worn, dull, weak; ^paSu? [exhausted], slow, dull; oiAspSvds 
 gnashing, horrible ; a(ji,spSaXeoi; like wild beast, horrible, glaring, yelling; 
 
 [pXoSaupoq], pXoaupds grim, awful. Lat. mordeo to bite; morsus a 
 
 bite; mole[d]stus hostile, threatening, dangerous; bardus stupid. A. 
 
 S. smeortan, O. H. G. smerzan to [bite], cause keen pain, smart; Eng. 
 
 blunt, Ger. bludde worn down, dull. R. morda animal's mouth, bit; 
 
 [mredit], vredit to injure (cf. Lith. vidus = medius); mordovnik aconite; 
 
 smorodina gooseheTTy (bite cf. bacca). Ir. bled sword-fish; bled-mall 
 
 whale (great jaw). 
 
 Sk. mrid, mril, mril (mridiid, mrilami) to [rub, stroke, smooth], 
 flatter, favor, pardon, shape, [soften, mold clay]; mrid, mridd clay, 
 earth; mrinmayas made of clay; mridh to be moist, moistened; mridus 
 soft, gentle, smooth, slow; mdrdavas mercy; mardanas rubbing, 
 
 rubber. Gk. (ie(i.aXSiJvw to soften, weaken, wrap, hide ; ' A[AdX9sia divine 
 
 mercy, the bounty of nature (the goat which nursed Zeus; her horns 
 typified summer solstice as the boar-tusks did the winter; cf. Thor's 
 goats, Hymiskv. 37); [jiaXOadtJW to soften; ^t-ilQ-q wax, pitch; iAaX8ax(5(; 
 soft; |aIXS(i) to melt; [jjipaSijq], §paB6(; slow; ^XaSapiS? soft, flaccid; 
 
 PpdSuv, pXaSdv [tough], impossible. Lat. merda dung; blandior 
 
 to stroke, flatter (p. 65). A. S. milts love; mild mild; malde dust, 
 
 mold; [moldan] to mold; meldan to bring good news; Goth, milditha 
 
104 — 
 
 mercy; 0. H. G. smelzan to smelt, melt. R. molodoi young, fresh, 
 
 blooming; smerdeit to stink (merda). Ir. mldith, bldiih, soft, smooth, 
 
 shining; molad, blad praise (melt with molaim); meld gracious; 0. C. 
 Meldi, Melddcus, Melidhdhius, Melissus. 
 
 Sk. I to go [eagerly], hurl, desire, seize, eat, beget; by addition of 
 a becomes ya (ydydm) to go, set out; [forms yaya, yay, ay, e,i\;i (emi, 
 pret. iydya) to go (with pref. ati- to go faster, pass, reach end, 
 die ; with pref. adhi- to attain, understand, read) . 
 
 Sk. ]/ya = active agent, relative pronoun, "he who does"; yasvfho, 
 yat which, ydt how; {s and t are determinative sounds which coalesce 
 
 in sthd, sta to exist, stand, be firm). Zd. ya who. Gk. o?, % I 
 
 [yas, ya, yd] who; 6, tq, ti5 [sa, tat determinative] the. Lat. is, ea, 
 
 [yis, yea] he, she [who]; ibi there (abl. term.). Goth, [yis], is he; 
 
 izei he who; yabai if [it be]; ibaf ibaif =numf numquidf; [ya-va], yauf 
 whether?; ya=sane, yes; [yaya], yai=utique, surely; [ya-ains], yains 
 
 the one who, he who. Lith. yis, yi he, she; O. R. i, ya, ye he, she, 
 
 it. 
 
 In Sk. the relative also develops: yat=quod, because, as; ydvat = 
 quantus; iti=ita; i-dam idem; yatas whence, since, where, nam; yatra 
 (,-tri) where, because; yathd sicut, utcunque; yadd when; yadi=% 
 an, num; yadvd, yadivd or, if, whether; yadvat sicut; ydvat quum, 
 
 quot, quatenus, quamdiu; yddrig qualis. Gk. oloq \yayas] of such 
 
 a nature; uq as. Roots in ya repeat intensely those in a with ter- 
 minations — anh, ath. 
 
 Sk. \yd to go, act eagerly; intensive forms yang, yank, yans, yan^, 
 yaksh, yash, yah]; ikh to seek, desire; yak to ask; yaksh, yai, i| to 
 pray, worship, honor, sacrifice; ish to go eagerly, seek, desire; esh 
 to go ; eshd desire ; ih, yesh, yas to desire, make an effort ; yas to bubble 
 up, boil ; yashtis poking-pole ; yashtri worshipper ; ish to go, seek, strike, 
 be impetuous, [grasp], reap; if to be glorious, govern; yofos glory; 
 yakan, yakrit liver [glittering, passionate] ; wM to go swifter, pass by; 
 i^ to go, scorn; e^ to quiver, flash; \yang, yan], yarn (special tenses 
 yaKh) to drive chariot, to handle, curb, wheel horses. With determina- 
 tive endings yd produces ; yat to long for, make an effort; 3/0* to prepare, 
 attack; yut to shine, flash; yudh to make war; indh to bum; it to go; 
 id, il to glorify, praise (,l = d). With liquid endings it produces: ir 
 to go, quiver, whirl; ir to hurl, shoot, utter; irkshy, irshy to [look 
 
— 105 — 
 
 fiercely], envy; il to go, hurl, hurl down, lie down (cf. jacio, jaceo). 
 With V it produces: \yav to spring up, bloom]; yavas barley; yavasam 
 grass; yuvan young (comp., superl. yaviyas, yavishtas) ; [yav to speed, 
 equip horse]; yu to join, yoke, control, [tether], keep at a distance, 
 deprive; [yunh, yung], yu^ to yoke, join, prepare, [bend bow], shoot, 
 aim, observe; yugas paired, equal; yukh to be whirled; [yuf], yup 
 to whirl, confuse ; yuthas flock (rounded up) ; yuthika jasmine (coiling) ; 
 yush to [whirl, hurl], wound, kill; yushas porridge (stirred, cf. yas 
 to boil) . 
 
 Sk. i to go {[yayami], emi I go; imas we go; iyaya I went); 
 ya to go, set out iyasydmi, ydtum); ydnas going, speed, chariot; 
 
 yatus traveller; itis going; emas, eman going, road. Zd. i to go. 
 
 Gk. [yaya] sTjjit I go; Uvm to go; [i] 'i[i.^v we go; 'fcY]?, k(x\i.6i; 
 
 ready to go, prompt, bold; "Itus, "ItuXos first bird, child of winter and 
 summer; (ydna), rjvix driving reins; dtTc-iQviQ wagon; \yaydmi] Yir](Jit 
 to cause to go, hurl; -^^a dart; tjjjiwv darter, slinger; [yayamas], 
 olfios road, land; [hurled, uttered] song; ol\).(x rush, swoop; a'i\>.x 
 [rushing] blood; oJnofw to pounce; o'l^xf^ chant, lay; ol^LiiiZjUi to wail, 
 shriek; oIto? fate (destined way) ; [yayi, o'ifu], fut. o'fau to cause to 
 come, bear; TOjia step; i<5Q\x6q (cf. fi-a6(j.a) [gang-plank, narrow-road, 
 mountain ridge], isthmus, neck of land {dorsum montis); ha.i^iz 
 impetuous; '1(5 (gen. [yavas], 'loO?) the roaming moon with crescent 
 horns, watched by "ApYos, the many-eyed, starry sky; [Yavanes], 
 
 'lioveq, "Iwve? roamers, lonians (cf . 'AioXst?) . Lat. eo I go; imus we 
 
 go; itio going; iter {[itinesis], itineris) journey, road; sub-itus [spring- 
 ing up], sudden. Goth, i-ddya I went. Lith. eimi, eisi, eiti= 
 
 eo, is, it; einii' = go; ei-sme, way; O. R. i-dan= go; iti to go. 
 
 Sk. yd to go, caus. ydpi-[yapaydmi] to cause to go, [hurl, cf. 
 'i-ri\i.i];ydpanam rejection, wasting time ; \yavap], yup to [whirl], confuse, 
 
 disturb; yiipas sacrificial column (rounded). Gk. Jaxtu to send, 
 
 drive, hurl, begin, rush; 'Icsicsto? storm-wind, father of Prometheus 
 the lightning; 'laicu^ northwest wind, bringing the lapyges from 
 Italy (cf. Africus, Africa); [y<xi/\, l,(kif a storm; '(faii^o? driving, pelting 
 metre; \yapyas] aixii? plunging, precipitous, headlong, up-hill, 
 arduous; fcoixai to pounce; Itco? [snapping] mouse-trap; Yxom 
 to press, crush ; \%ia.\f.M to fly (attracted from icero^jiat) ; iQxiu to call, 
 invoke, chant (olttos); {^iw to shout, chant, strike up war-song; 
 T^u?, Y^us screaming bird; "Iguxo?; oYfw to [make an effort], generate; 
 l(pt mightily; TfOnAO? glorious, comely, mighty. Lat. jubeo to 
 
— 106 — 
 
 [impel, drive], command (the liquid prefix encourages b for p); 
 juba long hair, mane (whirling, flapping); jubar dawn (revolving, 
 
 speeding, flashing). Goth, iup, iupa, iupana upwards; iuntyo a 
 
 whirling crowd (of. yam to wheel chariot); A. S. uppe up; [edpen], 
 open open; Low Ger. yumpan, gumpan to jump; O. N. yfa to rouse, 
 excite, be angry; oefaz to be angry {eifern); Eng. jump, jab, jib, 
 
 gibe, job; Ger. [yipfel], Gipfel peak. R. iobka petticoat? 0. C. 
 
 touix^apouiJi, (Dioscorides 4, 16) black-hellebore (causing-dizziness, cf. 
 IXXI-^opoi; giddy food); (ouxtxIXXouaov (Dioscor. i, 10^), La.t. [iumperus, 
 iunperus], juniperus; It. iubar,ibar yew (poisonous; p. 20). 
 
 Sk. ish to go eagerly, desire, seek; ishtis arrow. Zd. ishu arrow. 
 
 Gk. [E(Toq], Jo? arrow. 
 
 Sk. yaksh to pray; ish, iUh, th, yas, yesh to seek, desire, make an 
 effort; yaksham good genius; Ishmas god of love; ishika pupil of eye; 
 ish to glance; ish refreshment, force; ishiras strong, fresh, blooming. 
 
 Zd. ish to desire. Gk. [fadTiQs], J^ty)? will, desire; 'laiJispa, 
 
 "(xspa sacrificial garland (devotion, love; termination from smri); 
 'ffjiefpw to desire; iiAspo? yearning, love; "luti-apo?, "IiAspa, 'Iiispag, 
 "IjjL^po? (cf. iJi.£oir)[j.§pfa) ; iep6<; (ishiras, [isiras]) strong, glorious, divine; 
 JepEU? priest; Soxavdu to long for; to hold (yaMh to drive, handle 
 reins) ; AYsj^uXo?, Ai^x^^^? (yaksh, yesh; Desiderius, answer to prayer) ; 
 Aiav.'k-finoq (klip to be able) divine power, grace? faxu?, effort, force; 
 ^Xvo? track; ixbiq fish (darter) ; aha desired portion, lot, decree of gods; 
 aE<ju-[Avd(i) to [distribute portions; if], rule; atato? lucky; a'louXoq [self- 
 willed, rebellious]; sinful; \yayish] atuau to dart, glance, pounce, be 
 eager; ottadXuv, ispa^ hawk; [yasmas] lajid? gush, torrent, swarm 
 of bees; kaau\i.BVQZ impetuous, eager; cdaxtx;, aig^^ijvif) [unbridled 
 
 passion, lewdness], shame. Lat. aesculus live-oak (nature's vigor; 
 
 holy; cf. O.N. eik) ; Sabine aisu sacrifice; Umbr. esunu divine, sacrifice; 
 
 Osc. aisusis. O. H. G. eiscdn to demand; eisca a demand; Gar. 
 
 heischen; A. S. ascian, acsian to ask, experience, endure; 0. N. Aesir 
 
 gods? oesa to rage ; Goth aistan to revere ; Aestii. Lith. yeishkoti, 0. 
 
 R. iskati to seek, seek justice, plead in court. Ir. ascid a request, 
 
 a boon; [do-isc], toisc wish; {co-aisc], cesc question; asca rival; ais free- 
 will; ess torrent; esse hunter's track; W. go-uessiau = palpatio (grop- 
 ing after) Z. 573; hwysc = quaesitumZ. 590; 0. C. Aesus, Esus, Hesus 
 (adored) Gallic god of war and wealth; Car-estis (friend of Esus); 
 Esunertos (strength of Esus) ; Esuvii, Essins, Aesu-bilinus ; Aesis river 
 (swift); es-sedum chariot; esox, isicius salmon (cf. i/Suq). 
 
 Sk. yas, yesh to make an effort, [thrust], be zealous; yashtis thrust- 
 
— 107 — 
 
 ing-pole; yashtri sacrificer; [yav to be springing, young, energetic; 
 boiling]; d-yvanam stirring-stick; [yavash], yush to thrust, harm, kill; 
 yas {yasdmi, yasyami) to spring up, boil, bubble; pra-yastas boiling 
 
 over; yus, yushas, yusham broth, soup, yoshand woman. Gk. i^lw 
 
 l^efu, I^lvvu^Ai (pf. g[^]Iie(r(i,at) to boil, be passionate, pant; ^em6q 
 boiled, boiling ; t^loy-a, ^i\i.a boiled must ; (in the following roots 5 has 
 been lost, as in X,i^(x; £6?; Wtiqi;; X^tpoi); ^^Xo? zeal; ^dX-q surge, spray; 
 t^TQitfa [passion, vengeance], blood-fine, damage; i^Tjutdw to fine, punish, 
 harm; l^unio) to ferment; t,(i\^-ri leaven; i^wjxds soup; t^06o?beer; [yafw], 
 'Ciio) to live, be vigorous; t^uiQ a living, property, life; t,wov animal; 
 t^iWviov, live-forever, darnel; [t^afapo? comp. degree], J^wpiSq un- 
 mixed wine (more lively); li(o-icupov fire-seed, ember; [yashtis goad], 
 6'i(si6q arrow; oJuTpiw to goad, sting, drive mad; oltrtpo? gad-fly, 
 
 madness, passion. Lat. jus broth; jus [vengeance, blood-fine], 
 
 law; ju-dex judge; juramentum vow, oath; [Jurios ardent], Juliusl 
 
 Goth, [iusan to spring up, be eager]; iusila [being avenged], peace; 
 iusiza better, nobler; O. H. G. yesan, [gyesyan], geryan to ferment; 
 
 A. S. gist yeast; gdst breath, spirit; 0. N. geisa to rage. Lith. 
 
 yushe, 0. R. yukha soup; Lett, yaut to stir meal and water. W. ids 
 
 boiling; O. C. lestinus. 
 
 Sk. [yans, yash, yag to &a.sh]; yogas splendor; yas to make an effort, 
 boil over; d-yas to toil; dydsas labor, weariness, sorrow; dyasas, 
 
 ayas-mayas [iron-work], made of iron; ayas iron. Gk. Afs-xXi^xioi; 
 
 flashing power {klip) ; the return of the healing sun (Apollo is physi- 
 cian) ; the ruddy serpent of Aesculapius conquers the black night- 
 snake; the serpent's cast skin typifies new life; the termination of the 
 word is attracted by TJicto?; ataau to make an effort, flash; [yayisas"], 
 
 (5il^6? hardship, misery. Lat. aes ({aesis], aeris) bronze; [yasamana], 
 
 aerumna woe. Goth, [eisan to glitter]; ais (gen. aizis) bronze ; eisarn 
 
 iron; O. N. is, isinn ice; A. S. isen, isern, iren; O. N. tarn, yarn, O. H. 
 G. isen, tsarn iron; 0. N. eysa embers; eyr bronze; eyrir wealth; Eyr 
 goddess of wealth; A. S. or ore; O. N. Mimis (Ml^jivuv) is the serpent 
 of day; his head, the rising sun, is the counsellor of Odin; Fafnir 
 (Sk. papas grip, sin, redup. of dp) is night-dragon, concealing the 
 gold of day. His head (like Draco Major) is at the north pole. Of. 
 the twin serpents of day and night on the caduceus of Hermes the 
 
 dawn. Ir. iarn, hearn; W. hearn; Bret, hoiarn iron; 0. C. Isarno- 
 
 durum = iron-gate; Isarninus, Ixarninus, Iserninus (x=sh); W. iesin 
 radiant; Tal-iesin; Ir. aislinge vision; O. C. lasso, laxtia, lesso. 
 
 Sk. yas to make an effort ; ydU to ask ; ya^, ii, yaksh to pray, worship, 
 
— 108 — 
 
 sacrifice, glorify ; ya^us awe, consecration ; yaias, ya^nam, iiyd sacrifice ; 
 inkh, ing, e^ to whiri, speed, quiver, flash; ingitam gesture; Inkh, ig, 
 
 ini to go faster, surpass, scorn; yui to scorn, shoot. Zd. yaz 
 
 to honor, sacrifice; yazu noble, great. Gk. «Z,o^at to be in awe, 
 
 dread; a-rai\i.ai to wonder, admire; envy; dTfi4i;o[xat (redup.) to honor, 
 adore ; (iyvos holy, undefiled, innocent ; atxiXXw (ydH to beg) to wheedle ; 
 Syios holy; devoted to sacrifice, accursed (cf. Heb. khdram); &yoq or 
 Syoq awe, atonement, curse ; ayir) awe, horror; envy; ■fiyio\i.ai (yag melting 
 with Syw) to [be noble] ; to command, lead ; dtv-uYw to command, direct, 
 advise (as superior) ; dp-wyii succor, defence (of gods and superiors) ; 
 dpi^Yw to protect in war; a'lfXY) radiance, gleam (eg) ; atyc? lightning- 
 breastplate; Ai-(iabs6<; starry night, slayer of sun; a'tys'po? flickering 
 poplar; atyi-aXo? wave-washed shore; AtYalo? (sea) ; Aiylva; Afyaioi; 
 flickering dawn, father of Theseus the sun ; when the sun returns from 
 winter solstice he is still wrapped in night (black sail) and the dawn 
 dies in despair ; mornings shorten after solstice ; Afyaiuv the dawn, son of 
 heaven and earth; with a hundred hands to raise sun at various points; 
 
 primitive, grotesque deity, discarded by later judgment. Lat. 
 
 agnus lamb (victim) ; agonia sacrifice ; agonium festival ; ecce see ! look 
 
 here ! 0. N. eik, A. S. cLc oak [holy, cf . Ir. omun awe, omna oak]; A. S. 
 
 ice eternal [God]. R. iog [blessed land], south. Ir. irn-igde prayer; 
 
 do-igde blessing; fo-igde begging; [igde], itge request, prayer; 6egi, 
 [sacred] guest; digedacht hospitality; aiged, aged [honored presence], 
 face (cf. enech p. 2); in-agid facing, towards; O. C. Alais-iagae holy 
 defenders {nymphs) ? Rigo-ver-iugus very hospitable king. 
 
 Sk. ya^us awe; dgas wrath, offence (p. 3). Gk. Syo? curse; 
 
 SyiQ, awe, horror. 0. N. iaki ice (terrible) ; iokul, Low. Ger. yokele, 
 
 A. S. is-gicel icicle; Norse iokull glacier, snow mountain, awful phe- 
 nomenon. Lith. izhas broken ice; yzhia drift ice; R. yazva plague, 
 
 contagion, ulcer? yazvitel gall? Ir. aig, aigred, digred; W., Cor., Bret. 
 
 iey ice; W., Cor., Bret. ye[g]n, iein cold, icy? 
 
 Sk. ish to desire, be impetuous; Ih, yesh to make an effort; if 
 to be glorious, govern; if as lord; yofos glory, prosperity; anikas face, 
 line of battle, army; yaleh to drive, speed, [send far], prolong (assigned 
 to yam); iha [limit of motion], here, there; yakrit (stem yakan) liver 
 
 (glittering, health-giving, luck of sacrifice). Gk. -f^xap (i^icoro;) 
 
 liver; seat of passions; fruitful land (dear to the gods); ['ixTepos], 
 ?XTepos biliousness, jaundice; CxxTvoi; a kite (pouncing); ?xtis 
 marten, weasel; IxatTjPdXoq (yaJeh) far-darting [sun]; 'Exd-CT) far-glancing 
 {moon] ; Ixa? afar {procul, pro-cello) ; ^%bi, elfxw, ixw to go straight to 
 
— 109 — 
 
 one's goal, arrive, be present (melt with vi(, fhvio[Lai); t^iq straight 
 toward, in the direction of; 'l^iutv the afternoon sun, whirling swift 
 on his wheel to his setting, is opposed to the much-panting S(-(juipo<; of 
 the morning, rolling his orb to the zenith; efxij, sluaio? [hurled] at 
 
 random, in vain. Lat. jacio to hurl; jacto to glory, boast; jaceo to 
 
 [cast one's self down], to lie; am-icio to whirl, wrap; ico to strike 
 [originally with javelin]; ictus stroke; Icilius; jocus [toss], sport, jest; 
 
 jucundus merry. 0. H. G. ydgdn to chase; O. Dutch yaghte yacht, 
 
 swift boat. R. eikhat to go, drive; yasniy bright, sunshine; yastreb 
 
 hawk; Boh. yikati to be eager. Ir. icim to come, arrive, speed; 
 
 icht clan (glorious, governing ; if) ; ichtar (comp. deg.) under, lower, 
 issel below, underneath (hurled, pouncing down); icaim to prosper, 
 deliver, heal; ic healing (cf. yaksham p. io6); Corn, iaghys healed. Z. 
 546; Bret, yechet health Z. 569; W. i&ch, Com. iach, Bret, iac, iah 
 well, healthy; O. C. laccus, lactus, lacetani; lea (n}nnph of healing); 
 Iccius, Icconius, Iconium, Iceni; Icu4isma (fort of safety) ; Ven-icontes; 
 Eculisma; Eccaios. 
 
 Sk. [yaUh] to whirl, be impetuous; \yag\ to flash out, be glorious. 
 -Gk. "laxxo? Bacchus (melts with vakh) ; i&ytit to shout. Lat. 
 
 jacto to boast. 0. H. G. yicht, M. H. G. gicht declaration, revelation, 
 
 confession; M.H. G. yehen, gehen, A. S. gehan to speak. Boh. yikati 
 
 to make an effort, stammer; Little Russian zaika stammerer; Serv. 
 ikavka belch. Ir. iachtaim to yell, howl; W. iai[c]th language. 
 
 Sk. yd to go, [ydpaydmi to cause to go, whirl]; [yank, yag to make 
 an effort, be glorious]; yam (fut. yansydmi, praet. ayansam, special 
 tenses yaWh, p.p. yatas) to drive chariot, wheel, curve, curb; to toss 
 round, be generous; to snatch, grasp, take, [hold reins]; d-yam to 
 stretch out, prolong, bend the bow; ut-yam to whirl up, lift; upa-yam 
 to seize, marry; ni-yam to curb, tame, attain, effect; Yamas (ol\).o(;) 
 orbit, god of night and Hades, judge of the dead (cf. Rhada-manthos, 
 easy-wheel, setting sun); yamas [mated horse], equal; yamdu twins; 
 ydmas a watch of the night; [yanhtri], yantri charioteer; yantram 
 control, force, bow, loom, machine, construction; [yanhtri], ydtri 
 
 husband's brother's wife (borne away? mated?). Gk. TJiiap 
 
 (■JjiJiotoi;), i^^spa, Sfjispa day, period, day of judgment, judgment; 
 T^;i.ep£u(i) to travel all day, spend one's life; ^\i.epot; [curbed], tamed, 
 domesticated; i^iiepdu to tame, civilize; [yank], ■^vJa reins; -qiao? when 
 [circling period, completion of time]; -z-fj^ioq to-day, then; ij(i.uv slinger, 
 darter (hurling round); ^]>.a dart; iQiJiiiu [to be curbed, conquered], to 
 bow down, fall; [y]eiv&iepeq sisters-in-law; aY(j.a)v skilful [driver]; 
 
— 110 — 
 
 naXa?tio)v[home-steerer], port-god (p. 56) ; aitiuXo? [rival in love], wheed- 
 ling, flattering; al^a [rushing] blood, courage, slaughter, kinship 
 (bloth, 6s); At^m the red, recurring, wheeling dawn; loves Antigone 
 the morning star (" striving-against " the coming sun, devoted to her 
 twin brother), and dies after her death; a\>.ikXdo[Lca to rival, contend, 
 
 struggle. Lat. aemulor to [race horses], rival; aemulus rival; 
 
 Aemulius, Aemilius (cf . sphardh, mish to whirl, circle, rival) ; imitor 
 to [rival in race; to whirl on potter's wheel], to imitate; Im-ago wax- 
 hkeness, mask {ango, p. 4); /^w now, this instant; [quick curb]; 
 janitnces brother's wives. Goth, iumyo whirling crowd, multi- 
 tude, throng; [iumyan to whirl]; [ga-iumyan], gaumyan to flash the 
 eyes, glance, observe; O. N. eymi flre; eymr flame, smoke; imun 
 battle; ifna fight; revolving in mind, reflection; ymya to rush, rage, 
 
 flow; Ger. jammern. R. yam posting-station; yama eye-socket 
 
 (rolHng, flashing); circular cavity; O. R. yentry, Pol. yantrew, 
 
 Lith. inte brother's wife; O. R. yentro liver (eager, passionate). 
 
 Ir. gwMW twins; emnaim to double; O.C. Aeminius, Aimus, lemmus, 
 lamnia, lam-marus, lamilius. 
 
 Sk. yaniri, \ydtri] charioteer (wheeling, circling, chasing, eager); 
 yat, (yatishye, yatamdnd) to make an effort, seek, be eager; yat {yatya 
 to prepare, attack, torment, be watchful, punish; yatnas effort; 
 yatana [pursuit], vengeance, torment; yatus demon; d-yatas afar; 
 d-yatanatn [longed for] home, shrine; d-yatis distance, power, the 
 
 future; [yavai], yut to [whirl out], flash out, shine. Gk. aftew to 
 
 demand, demand satisfaction, impeach at law; akix opportunity, 
 chance, [impelling agent], cause, accusation; aiTidofjiat to accuse; 
 a'tTio? gviilty; A'tTvr) [cause of woe, accursed], Aetna; l,-tyzi<i> to acquire, 
 demand, investigate at law; t,'fp:-i]<jiz investigation; ZiQ^rr]?, Zi^Ta; 
 
 wind-god, son of Boreas; okoq calamity. Lat. jento to snatch a 
 
 bit, breakfast (uncooked meal, Fruhstuck) ; jentaculum breakfast. 
 
 Goth.. aiths oath (vengeance) ; O. N. eidhr oath ; idh battle ; ydhya effort, 
 toil; ytatohxixl out; A.S. ydhe-lice easily; ydhan to Ta.ge;0. Eng-yend 
 to hurl. R. iotitsya to fly for refuge. Ir. deth oath; iiihech per- 
 jury; eitgedcnvae, criminal law; ^i< cattle (foray) ; eitchim to drive back, 
 refuse; et (gen. eoit), aet zeal, rivalry; St-mar, Gael, eud-mor great ambi- 
 tion; W. [eid-yuned], eidd-uned vow; add-iant longing; Bret, go-yunez 
 vow ; Bret, iuein, iuin strange, dreadful (oho?) ; O. C. lantu-marus great 
 ambition; lanto-vesus, lantimis, lantuUus, lun-antus, lun-et-ia, lun- 
 car-dcus. 
 
 Sk. [yant] to wheel, race; yat to make an effort, attack; yut to 
 
— Ill — 
 
 flash round, shine; yiithas flock (hustled in, rounded up); yuthika 
 jasmine (cirding) ; yudh, (yudhyami, yotsye, desid. yuyutse) to fight, 
 
 attack; yudhmas battle. Zd. yud to fight. Gk. QyuTciAtv], 
 
 iaiiiv (dat. fisixlvt), 6<JiJ,iviQ fight, battle; u(jxXt)5 \yudh-sprig, eager 
 touch], starter's rope holding in race-horses from contest; cable of 
 
 ship (xXIxw). O. N. iotunn giant; lotar Jutes, warriors; A. S. 
 
 eoton monster, terror. R. yadreniy strong', yadro cannon-ball? 
 
 Ir. iodhna, idnae weapon; iodhnach armed; O. W. itui battle; O. Bret. 
 lud-cail forest fighter; lud-nert strong in battle ; lud-val good in battle ; 
 O. C. ludatus, Idmus. 
 
 Sk. yd to go, be impetuous; av to pant, be eager; [yav to spring 
 up, bloom, abound]; [yav to boil, v. p. 107]; dyavanam stirring-stick; 
 yavas corn, barley; yavasam grass; [yavyavan], yuvan (comp. yaviyas 
 superl. yavishtas) young; contracted forms yun, yuni; yuvati young; 
 
 yuva-rd^an king of the young; yonisYrorab, origin. Zd. yavan young; 
 
 yava com ; yevin fields. Gk. \yavya, yava] ^sial, J^ei, spelt ; [yaviyas 
 
 ■flFaioq younger]; -fi^dti to be young, vigorous, marriageable; ^^ti youth, 
 puberty; ■^^ai6<; [childish], little; [yapcuvti], fafvwto cheer, warm, refresh, 
 delight, heal; faiiu to be refreshed with sleep, repose, enjoy a night's 
 
 rest. Lat. juvo to refresh, relieve, feed, aid; jugis ever-flowing; 
 
 spring-well (g developed from digamma) ; juvenis (comparative 
 junior), young; junix youth; Junius com month, June; ju-glans 
 noble nut, walnut ; juvencus bullock {yuvanh) ; juncus rush (well- 
 watered, luxuriant); sal-iunca [fresh with moisture, Saras'] Celtic 
 
 valerian. Goth, yuggs (comp. yuhiza) young; y unda yonth; O.H.G. 
 
 yunk, 0. N. Ungr young; O. N. [oeva], oefa to enjoy doing, be ac- 
 customed (aben cf. Jaijo), juvo; ovyup, p. 106); oefaz to be impetuous; 
 A. S. yvan to bring [help, aid]; to present (juvo); edvan to show; 
 
 Goth, [yavya], gauya field, land {yevin). Lith. yaunas, O. R. 
 
 yunu young; Lith. yavas com; yavai growing com; yavena stubble; 
 R. yavlyatsya to show one's self boldly, appear; yavniy frank, open, 
 
 declared, manifest. Ir. 6g, Hag young, virginal, youth, maid; 
 
 dac, 6c (comp. 6a, sup. 6sser) young; iian a lamb, freshness; iiane 
 verdure; Bret. o6n, W. wyn lamb; Bret, iouank young; ietiein to be 
 [comfortable], easy, lazy; ivin, Svin nail (quick, growing); ivinnen 
 yew {yavana-vanna lovely [eternal] youth, long life; Fr. if, Span. 
 iva, 0. H. G. twa, A. S. eow) ; O. C. lova, lovalium, luvavon, Ivavus, 
 Ivanus, Euvenus, luvencus, loincius, Ivenna; lava, Ipo, I pi, lonal; 
 melts with 'IwdvvY)? to produce Owen, Ivins, Evan, Yvein, 
 Yves, Eouann; O. C. [Uvavi, Uvii], Ubii, Ess-uvii, Mand-ubii, 
 Seg-uvii. 
 
— 112 — 
 
 Sk. a-yavanam stirring-stick; yiUhika entwining jasmine; [yav 
 to stir, circle, bind]; yu (yunami) to harness, yoke; yu (yavayami) 
 
 to [tether, hobble a horse], keep at a distance, deprive. Zd. ydonh 
 
 to clothe one's self; ydftd girded. Gk. X,divvuv.i to gird; lm\i.a girded 
 
 tunic, cuirass; "C^thyri, ^wffiriQp girdle, belt, stripe, zone. Lat. jumen- 
 
 tum girt, loaded, saddled, harnessed animal; je-junium [being tethered, 
 
 hobbled, tight-belted], a fast. O. R. po-yasu a girdle; po-yasati 
 
 to gird; Lith. yusta girdle. 
 
 Sk. yu [bond, union]; saw vrith.ySamas altogether; [yusafne],yushmi 
 
 ye (all together). Zd. yHslam], Gk. \yu(S[i.si<;], u[i,£iq, Aeol. LVfis? ye; 
 
 i5(ji.£T£po? your (cf. ffip-etepo? p. 15); Dor., Ep. itv-6(; your. Goth, yiis 
 
 ye. Lith. yus ye. 
 
 Sk. yu to harness, yoke; intensive form [yunh, Zd. yaonh]; Sk. 
 yu£ {yuna^mi, yokshye, p.p. yuktas) to yoke, harness, join, marry, 
 bind, equip, prepare, put in command, enjoin, [bend bow], shoot, 
 aim, observe, reflect; yoktram bond, marriage; yogas joining, medita- 
 tion, remedy, business; yogyas suitable, fit; yu^am yoke, team; 
 
 yu^yam wagon, yoked animal; -yuk, -yui united. Zd. yu^ to 
 
 harness; yaonh to dress; yd(;td girt. Gk. t,tu-[vu^i to yoke, harness, 
 
 bind; ^suyoq chariot, pair, team; Z,eijy^x bond, band; l^uyd?, l^uydv yoke, 
 
 cross-beam, rank of men; au-i^u^ yoked, wedded. Lat. jungo to join; 
 
 jugum yoke; jugerum [enclosure], land measure; conjux wife; juxta 
 
 hard by; jugum neck, ridge; jugulum throat. Goth, yiukan to 
 
 yoke, subdue, conquer, fight; yuk, yukuzi yoke; gayuk a team, pair; 
 
 ga-yuka companion; O. H. G. yah, yoch, O. N. ok yoke. Lith. 
 
 yungas yoke; yungiu to yoke; O. R. igo yoke; R. so-ioz bond, league. 
 
 Ir. tiagim to sew together; [co-iung], cuing yoke; ad-r-iug alligo; 
 
 con-r-iug colligo; W. iou, Bret, iaii yoke; O. C. Ver-iugus conqueror. 
 
 Sk. ri [rinomi, Aor. aram) to go towards, move towards, rise 
 towards, seek; [attain, hurl, direct]; ri, [rinh], riksh to fly upon, attack; 
 ri, ray, lay, ri to go; ri to go, cause to flow; rl to go; rl to flow; sri 
 to go, flow; srip (causative) to [flow], creep; [srinh], sri^ to pour out, 
 hurl; [ri to go +av to pant = ] ru to sound like water; [sriv], sru to go, 
 flow, be drained; svar to [eddy], revolve like heaven, shine; svri to 
 sound; ri, ru, svrl to hurl, kill; riip to [wear pebbles], round, shape; 
 rep to sound, go; [sriv], rev to go [round], swim; rdi to bark; It to run 
 away, flow away, melt; Zi to be greasy, sticky, to adhere; /t/> to anoint; 
 {lav], lu to [eddy, whirl], strip. 
 
— 113 — 
 
 The following roots express rapid revolution, hurling, flj^ng; 
 they may begin with aor r i,n = r', r, ar) ; the meanings play from one 
 root to another. 
 
 Sk. ri, ri (rinomi, Aor. aram 3 sing, aor. arta) to go towards, 
 rise towards, [whirl, hurl, shoot, fly]; \yd+ri = yar, yayar, ayar, 
 ayary, ary], ir {iyarmi) to hurl, whirl, speed; [ri +vd], arv, [avarav], 
 urv to [shoot], harm; ri, [rinh], riksh, rish, rig to seek, pounce, kill; 
 rish to [hunt], roam; rikh to [stalk, attack], approach; rit to go round, 
 whirl, rival, contend (cf. spardh, yam) ; arth to seek, desire, pray; 
 arthas [game, food], advantage, wealth, cause, material; riph, rimph, 
 raph, ramph to hurl, whirl, vex, kill; ri to whirl; aras spoke of wheel, 
 swift; aratnis elbow (turning on joint); [arymas, ayrmas], irmas fore- 
 arm; aram [shooting], swiftly; [hitting mark], exactly, successfully, 
 sufficiently; ram [to shoot], hunt, have forest joy, [hit mark, reach 
 goal], rest; dramas joy, garden; aranyas forest; oris, drdtis [shooting, 
 wounding], enemy; arus, [arymas] irmas wound; arv, arb, [avarav, 
 aurv], urv to wound, kill ; dryas [hitting mark, exact], true, noble ; [ar to 
 aim, direct furrow, plow, steer]; ri to revolve; [ar]; al to [round out, 
 encircle], suffice, adorn; alam ornament; enough; alis [circling, rov- 
 ing] bee; alus round jug; rit to go, [curvet, circle], rival, contend, 
 command; ritas [good shot], true; ritis going straight, right way, 
 luck (Lat. ritus, rite); ritus [circle], time, month, joint; ritu- priest, 
 [observing times, rites]; rathas wheel; ratnam [globe], gem, pearl. 
 
 Sk. ri, rl (rinomi, Aor. aram) to go toward, rise toward, reach, 
 fly, hit, wound; caus. arpaydmi to send, shoot, hit mark, to bring to 
 an end, effect; arth to [aim at, fiy], seek, desire, ask; aratis helper; 
 dryas [hitting-mark], right, true, noble; aryaman the sun; the 
 honored dead; -ri termination of active agent {mdtri, pitri; Gk. 
 
 -i^p, -<i)p; Lat. -or). Zd. [ri], ar to go; [yar], ir to rise up; rise [of 
 
 stars]; airya true; areta perfect; erethi [accurate shot], right, justice; 
 
 Pers. "Apiot the Medes (noble). Gk. opvujjit (Bpcco), dpivu, dpo9ijvw 
 
 to stir, rise, rouse, rush, let fly, impel, drive, make effort; (5p6o<; 
 straight, accurate, right-minded, erect; opGio? upward, high voice; 
 (Spoijw to rush, speed, rise, tower; [ctps], dipvd? young ram, [butting]; 
 apvlottat to rebut, refuse, deny; apvsuTi^p diver, [butting, head 
 first]; SpvuiJiat to [pounce], win, gain; Spvsov, opvtq (-160?) bird; 
 dtpc?o(iiat to [shoot arrow upward], pray, curse; dpa prayer, curse; 
 dpsjjwi) to offer, atone, propitiate, please; apa, dp, pa straightway, 
 immediately, consequently, then; dpsfuv (SpioToq) nobler, better 
 (best, [first]); Sptcrcov breakfast; dpiOTepd? [other than the best, p. 
 
 8 
 
— 114 — 
 
 is], left hand; prefix dpi- Ipi- excellent; Ipvdoiiat to shoot up; 
 ipvos sprout, child; otpov arum; Ipived? wild-fig; Ipwii rush, impulse, 
 desire (influenced by sru to flow) ; 'ipoq, spw? direct impulse, passion, 
 love, (blend with vri, to choose); eptOo? harvester, day-laborer, 
 (influenced by yat to make an effort) ; ept6sfa canvassing for ofSce; 
 
 k'pts ambition, strife; lp£9t!;u to rouse to action. Lat. orior to rise, 
 
 soar, sprout, grow; [ortor], hortor to rouse, inspirit, exhort; ad-orior 
 to pounce, attack; ortus sunrise; origo origin; otmms mountain ash; 
 ordo straight-Hne ; ordior to begin, set straight, direct; oro to pray, 
 adore, entreat; arna lamb; aries (-etis) ram, butter, battering-ram; 
 
 [oror], olor bird, swan; -or termination of agency. Goth, dims 
 
 messenger; dir [quick], early, (ere, erst); ara (gen. arins, 0. H. G. 
 aro) eagle; O. N. dr beginning; ar labor; drna to entreat; art, orn 
 eagle; orr generous, (epavoq); err, em active, earnest; or arrow, 
 sling-stone, wound; Sra to rage; erendi, orendi errand, duty; A. S. 
 
 dr messenger; glory, grace; earnian to earn; eornost earnest. R. 
 
 ernik bush (epvoq) ; orel eagle; oral to shout, call, toil; Lith. erylis 
 
 young ram {aries). Ir. ar, ol=inquit; ar in order that (aim)? ara 
 
 charioteer; co-n-om-t-air, until I arrive; aire leadership, prince 
 (attracted by yar) ; er lofty, noble ; er- intens. ; aire [aim], intention, 
 observation; so-er noble; do-er slave; ra-la he came; W. erydd, eryr, 
 Com. er eagle ; Bret, alarch, Com. alarh swan (cf . olor) ; Bret, -ereh, -erel 
 termination of nouns of action and instruments; O. C. Arro, Arrius 
 (active); Aulerci [av- alarch] children of the swan; ara swift current; 
 Sav-ara, Av-ara, Is-ara; Ar-ar {ar navigable). 
 
 Sk. [ri to speed, rise, soar, circle, pref. ya intens.]; Ir {iyarmfj 
 to speed, hurl, shake, [dart], utter; il to go, hurl, [hurl one's self down], 
 lie {jacio, jaceo); ild [seized, occupied] land; speech; [prey], food; ird 
 [eagerness]; land, water; speech; irinam [thirsty] desert; irmas [shot], 
 
 wound. Zd. ydre year (revolving). Gk. idXkiit to run, fly, 
 
 speed, send, shoot, attack, shout, utter; alpa hammer (whirling); 
 darnel (dizzying); "latpa roamer (Nereid); 'Ipoq vagabond; [yayar], 
 Upa^ hawk (circling); Ix-iQpsdl^u to assail, revile; IXaiivw to drive, 
 speed, drive through, wound; eXoriQp driver; IXizty) shoot of tree; 
 spruce-tree (Sprotzbaum) ; [driving] oar; Ypiy? artery (speeding, 
 spouting) ; 'ipaX,s, gpaaSs [hurled] to the earth; Ipeuvdu to [hunt], 
 search, (cf. J9ijvw) ; Iplw eJp^w to speak (melt with vri) ; e'tprj place 
 of speech; s'lIpTjv, YpiQv of age, ripe for speech {mundig); e?pi^vT) agree- 
 ment, peace. Lat. ira anger. Goth, yer year (cf. Zd.); 0. H. G. 
 
 ilan to speed; O. N. ialmr shaking, rattling; il (plu. ilyar) sole of 
 foot; idl. idlin yule, [circling] winter-solstice; el tempest; iara battle; 
 
— 115 — 
 
 iarl chief; ellta to drive, hunt; A. S. ellen vigor, valor; Ella; yrre rage; 
 
 eorre angry. R. iola pirouette, teetotum; iolit to speed; yarovoi 
 
 [returning, annual], spring-grain, green; yarns circle, row in theatre; 
 
 yar strong current; yar[v]iy raging. Ir. iarraim to seek, desire; 
 
 ir anger; ire [shooting] beyond, farther; [ir-fess], tress [knowledge 
 of the beyond], faith; ire land {ird); ilur eagle; W., Cor., Bret, yar, 
 iar cock (eager, fighter) ; Bret, aer adder; 0. C. larus, laronius, larilla, 
 lallius; Alaunus, Elaver, Elna rivers; {Allen, Alan); Elvii [H]elvetii 
 (mountain torrents, cf . Volcae) . 
 
 Sk. ir, il, [yal] to speed. Gk. \yeXkoq], iW6(;, kXk6q fawn (y = 
 
 rough breathing); iXaipoq roe; epKpoi; kid (-<fo<; = bhas to flash, cf. 
 
 rishihhas bull). Lat. elnis deer. Lith. elnis, O. R. yeleni roe; 
 
 R. olen deer, reindeer. Ir. iarrde fawn; elit doe; W. elain doe; 
 
 (Elaine, Ellen, [HJelena) ; O. C. Elenius, Eleni, Elno. 
 
 Sk. ara^ whirling, swift, spoke of wheel ; aram swiftly, [hitting mark, 
 fitting exactly], suitably; [intens. arymas, ayrmas], irmas arm (revolv- 
 ing on socket); aratnis elbow; aralas (redup.) curved arm, curved. 
 
 Pers., Slav. 'Apt[ji.-acxof (wheeling steeds). Gk. SpGpov joint, 
 
 socket, eye-socket; dpOpiw to be jointed; ^p[Ji6? joint; 'd^za^ac, butcher; 
 dp(j.ov{a good joining, harmony; ap(i.a chariot (well-framed, spoked, 
 whirling); (iXevYj ((o>.>.<5v, SXǤ Hesych.) elbow forearm, armful. 
 
 Lat. armus forearm; arma arms; artus limb; articulus joint; 
 
 arcus elbow, bow, curve, arch (cf. Lith. alkune). Goth, arms, 
 
 aleina; 0. H. G. aram, elina arm, elbow; O. N. alin elbow. Lith. 
 
 alkune elbow; olektis forearm; O. R. lakuti forearm; ramen shoulder; 
 
 O.Pr.irwzoarm. Ir.aZi joint; afoan [jointer], hunting-knife, razor; uile 
 
 elbow; ulind comer; ule all [encircling]; W. olin wheel; Cor., Bret. 
 elin elbow; W. ellyn, Bret, altin razor; O. C. artavus knife. 
 
 Sk. aram swift, hitting mark, exact, successful, sufficient; ritas 
 true, exact; ritis right way, luck; ritus joint, time, month; ritva- 
 priest ; drtavas at the right season ; arpayami (caus. of ri) to fit ex:actly, 
 
 employ; arth to attain; arthas [game], wealth, advantage-, cause. 
 
 Zd. areta perfect; erpihS justice, honesty. Gk. dpapfoxw to fit; 
 
 (ipfq gouge, [fitter]; dpTlofj-at to fit, prepare; Sp-rto? perfect; ipT^t^w, dptuu 
 to equip, prepare, season; ap-za^xoq cook; apTO? wheat bread; Sptt just 
 now, recently; ipetij excellence, virtue; (redup.) lp£-iQpo? fitting well, 
 cleaving closely, faithful; 6(i,-api^s fitting together («[<.«) ; "O^L-tjpoi; fitter- 
 together [of poems]; i5ii,-it)psw to meet, agree, accord; SfiiQpo? pledge of 
 peace, hostage, ipTiis, &p^^6<; union, league; iptSiJids [exact] number; 
 VT^-pKO? countless; Spa then, therefore, consequently. Lat. artire. 
 
— 116 — 
 
 artare to fit together; artus close; ars [-tis] exact make, skill, art; orno 
 to fit, equip, adorn; rite duly, exactly; ritus rite; rima [close joint], 
 crack; aet-ernus, inf-ernus, ext-ernus (O. H. G. arndn to measure [of. 
 
 Ipvoc;]). Goth, arni-ba surely; airtha earth (world, well-framed, 
 
 apportioned) ; A. S. eardian to occupy one's own land; O. S. ard, Ger. 
 Ort [proper] place; O. H. G. arndn to measure; rim number, series, 
 rhyme; O. N. drtal calendar; drtali moon; A. S. rtm order, number. 
 
 Lith. arti near (adv.); artymas (adj.); artinti to bring nearer; 
 
 R. yarmo yoke. Ir dram number; dirmim, rimim to number; 
 
 rim (W. rhyf, Bret, ri) number; remes time, space; co-ir well-fitted, 
 exact; co-r covenant; c6-ra peace; cu-irim to place, appoint, send; 
 sd-er [fitter]; workman (sam together) ; airm [proper] place; airet time; 
 ailt house; ailtire joiner, carpenter; art flag-stone (well-fitted); 0. C. 
 Artaios, Artobrannos (true, exact) ; artua funeral stones; Artos sun-god 
 (cf. 'AyatiliJivwv, prompt, on time); Artaios Mercury (the dawn); 
 Artoboduus solar glory. 
 
 Sk. aras whirling spoke; al to [encircle], adorn, protect; alakas 
 curl; alis bee (circling); dlus [round] jug; alam [brimming], enough. 
 
 Arm. ail [circling, recurring], another. Gk. dXXdffao) to [turn, 
 
 invert], exchange; aXXo? another; SXXyjXo? one another; dXXd but; 
 dXX-oto? of another kind (svayam one's own [existence, self]; cf. 
 
 i\i.-oio<;^sam-svayam). Lat. alius another; aK-6i elsewhere; ali-enus 
 
 foreign (any as another) ali-quis anyone [else]; alter the other (p. 15); 
 
 alea die (whirled, cast). Goth, alyanon to rival, [race round, cf. 
 
 aemulor]; alyan (O.H. G. ellan) rivalry, ambition; alis another; alya= 
 dXXa; but, else, except; alya-kuns foreign (kin) ; alyar elsewhere; allis 
 else, except, in general; alls all [else], the whole, everyone; ala-mans 
 human race; al-landyo everywhere; 0. H. G. alli-lanti abroad; alUs, 
 elles else, except; O. N. elya rival; elligar otherwise; A. S. el-lendi e.^h; 
 
 Ger. Elend woe. R. elenetz beetle, June-bug (alis); ele almost; el 
 
 fir (round, circling, abies). Ir. aile other; al-aile, ar-aile (redup.) an- 
 other; ailigim to change; aili-thre (tir land) going abroad; ail-ail once- 
 again; alia without, outside, afar; W. ar-all another; Bret, arl-anni 
 last year; O. C. Allo-brox (other boundary ; invader) . 
 
 Sk. ri, [ar] to be eager, seek, attain al [to attain, enjoy, feed], 
 suffice, adorn; alam plenty, enough; [round] ornament; alus, a/ws jug 
 [round, fat]; a bulb; [alv to be round, cf. ri to whirl, arv to shoot, 
 
 wound]; dla-vdlas irrigation channel. Gk. av-aXToq insatiable; alk 
 
 warmth, comfort (cf. ad-oleo; 0. N. eldr); licaXii? basking; aXuts 
 growth; SXffos meadow, grove; "AXti? grove; iXaiov oil [fattening, warm- 
 
— 117 — 
 
 ing]. Lat. alo to nourish; alimentum food; elementum [pap, first 
 
 food], alphabet, first principles; co-alesco to grow together; ad-olesco 
 to grow up; ad-oleo to kindle, warm; ad-ultus grown up; altus tall; 
 [pro-oles], proles, sub-oles sprouts, offspring; olus herb, vegetable; oleo, 
 red-oleo to be savory, fragrant; olla pot; allium garlic; alvear bee-cell, 
 bee-hive (brooder); al-trix nurse; almus fostering, benignant; [olmus], 
 ulmus elm, (foster-mother of vine); alvus [well-fed] gut, belly; alvlnus 
 pertaining to belly; alveus [gut], gutter, channel; arvina kidney-fat, 
 suet; ollva, oleum [fat], oil; alutarius currier (tan-tub, tousler) ; aliimen 
 alum (tanning, astringent) ; alnus alder [well-watered, luxuriant] ; ulva 
 
 sedge. Goth, alan, alyan to nourish, feed, bring up; aldrs, aldoma 
 
 age; alths generation; alev oil; aleva-hagms olive tree; 0. N. ala (praet. 
 61) to beget, feed; eldr [food], fuel, fire; elna to grow, gain strength; 
 elli age; e/Z, elni alder tree; eldir foster-children, family; ver-old genera- 
 tion of men, world; ol, oldr, A. S. ealu ale, beer; O. H. G. elira, erila 
 
 alder. Lith. aWyus, O. R. yeley, oleiy [fat], oil; O. R. olovo lead 
 
 (melting like fat) ; R. olkha alder. Ir. alaim to nourish, bring up ; 
 
 altram food, bringing-up; [do-alta], dalta foster-child, disciple; dlaind 
 beautiful; dldeh&a.\xtj; a/wa flock; a/- ocfe pregnant; dil, dilgen gentle, 
 kind, pleasant; ail [parental] duty; alt race, species; height; Bret. 
 alotiein, alvein radish (olus) ; O.C. Oltis, river; elvicus, elvennocus fertile 
 vine. 
 
 Sk. ri to impel, hurl slay; oris, ardtis enemy; arus, [arymas], irmas 
 wound; irmas [revolving] joint; ru to speed, be angry, kill; arv, urv 
 to wound, kill; arb to speed, wound, kill; arvan [battle] horse; Aurvas 
 submarine fire; day-star springing from ocean; with mare's head (cf. 
 Agvins) ; hidden in the thigh of the broad sky, Urvas, he is bom again 
 
 like Dionysus. Gk. "Apr)? war-god, tempest; dtpi curse; dtpalo? 
 
 cursing; dp^iiXn] tramper, heavy shoe (arvan); Sp§Y]Xoc; knife; dtpa^ew 
 to gnash, clash, rattle; opo^o?, IpiptvBoi; [rattle-pod], chick-pea 
 
 (cf. papaver, faba). Lat. arma arms; ervum chick-pea. Goth. 
 
 arvyo [cast away], in vain; O. H. G. arawigon to frustrate; araweiz 
 
 chick-pea. Ir. dr slaughter; err ad armor, equipment; erud terror; 
 
 O. C. [Aravo], Arabo current, river; Av-ara, Isc-ara, Is-ara, Sam-ara, 
 Sim-ara, Tev-ara, Vind-ara, [Aravara], Arar rivers, boating, commer- 
 cial, rowing, poling; Ar-auris (downward current); Ar-ausio swift 
 water; Ara-visci. 
 
 Sk. ri to impel ; ray, ri (rindmi) to go ; ri (riydmi) to go, lead out, 
 draw out, cause rain; ri (rindmi) to attack [as wild animal]; ri (riyate) 
 to flow; [riv], rinv, ran, ranv to go, [be impetuous]; arunas [rising] 
 
— 118 — 
 
 sun; red, [wounded]; ru (ravlmi) to roar; ravas sound; ran to whoop, 
 shout; ranas battle; sru to flow (q.v.) ; risk to go, roam; risk to shoot. 
 
 Gk. pew to flow; pafvu to sprinkle; paiw to shiver, break, crush; 
 
 pivos [stripped] hide; pivr) rasp (claw, scraper); pf?, (pfvd?) [flowing] 
 nose; pi'ov fore-land, peak; pwottai to rush; piJ[Ai(), piofjiK] swing, force; 
 puvvufxt to be strong [ravanavami]; Ipsuvctw to roam, explore, seek 
 
 out (p. 114). Lat. renes kidneys (trickling); rana frog (splasher; 
 
 noisy?) ; rwo to rush, fall headlong; rumor noise; rumen udder [tugged, 
 
 milked]. Goth, rinnan to run, flow; rinno torrent; [us-rinnan], 
 
 ur-rinnan to go forth, rise, spring up (of sun; seeds); flow out, ring out, 
 fall (of lots); ur-ranyan to cause to rise; ur-reisan to arise, [set out, 
 reisen, risk]; [riusyan], riuryan to ruin, destroy; riurs corruptible, 
 temporal (flowing away) ; O. N. renna to drive, cause to flow, to flow 
 away, diminish ; rein earth- work (cast-up) ; reyna to explore ; raena 
 to whirl away, rob; raesa to start, hurl, shoot, [rear up]; reyr reed, 
 man; Goth, raus reed; reiran to tremble; A. S. rdsian, raeran to 
 raise, rear. R. rinutsya to rush; ranit to wound; rano dawn (day- 
 spring; crimson). Ir. rian ocean (tidal); O. W. rhin channel; rhid 
 
 seed; O.Fr. rin channel; 0. C. reno skin coat; reno reindeer; Rennius 
 Rinnius, Rinnus (swift) ; Renos, Rhenus Rhine ; Ravius, Ravina rivers. 
 
 Sk. ri (riydmi) to go; rl {rindmi) to rush, attack; ri (riyate) to 
 flow; rinv to be impetuous; ll (llyate, layante), to melt, dissolve; 
 vanish ; Unas melted, lost, extinct ; ll (lindmi) to be sticky, cling to, 
 remain; li [lindmi] to [speed, leap forward], fall forward, seize a lair, 
 
 sit, rest upon, dwell. Gk. 'K\6.l,o^a.\. to [melt], be weary, flag, fall 
 
 back, sink; Xt'vov flax (oil-seed). Lat. lino to anoint, smear; Utus 
 
 smeared; litilra smearing; litter a character; linum flax; linea line; 
 lenio, de-linio to soothe, appease; lenis gentle; lenio to soften; lentus 
 sticky, pliant, tough, slow; llveo to be glistening; llvor, lividus dark, 
 
 glistening. A. S. laene wasted, thin; Goth, af-linnan to give way, 
 
 retreat; lein linen; O. H. G. lin flax; 0. N. lita to smear, color; lird 
 linden (pliable bark) ; lindi girdle ; linni snake (Lindwurm) ; linna to 
 
 cease; lin a thaw; line soft. Lith. leyu to pour; lyti to rain; Unas 
 
 flax-stalk; linai flax; O. R. linu linen; liyati to pour; R. liny at to 
 waste, fade; liniy glutinous; liven heavy rain; liver siphon; leinivy 
 
 idle; pro-livat to pour; lit to found, cast. Ir., Cor., Bret, lin flax; 
 
 W. llin; Ir., Cor., Bret., W., lenn sheet, wrap, veil; Ir. Ko [wasting] 
 hunger; Un woe ; li. Hi, liith color, splendor; lenim to stick to, cling to, 
 follow; lenamain attachment; lenndn favorite; lenu meadow; W 
 water, drink, beer; liim to accuse {li to pounce) ; W. llyn liquid, fluid, 
 lake; Bret, lin pus; lin marsh; knn pond; liiiein to smear, paint; K« 
 
— 119 — 
 
 color; liilen back-bone (flexible); leu louse (squashy, compared to 
 crackling flea); lous filthy; loued decay; O. C. Llvicus Apollo (glitter- 
 ing) ; Livius; Lindo- lake. 
 
 Sk. ri to impel; ir to speed; aritras driving, speeding; oar; aritram 
 
 rudder; aritri rower. Gk. di^ip-i^piQ? double-oared; IpltTfji;, ^T-r\^kvt\<; 
 
 rower; eipeofa rowing, boat-crew, boat-song; Ipluao) to row; IpsTixdv 
 oar; dcptripfa [forcer, pump], wind-pipe, artery; prjii^oi; baker's shovel. 
 
 Lat. ratis raft, boat; remus oar; triremis; remigium oarage, crew- 
 
 O. N., A. S. Ar oar; A. S. rodher, O. H. G. riiodar rudder, oar; 
 
 M. H. G. rieme oar. Lith. iriu (inf. irti) to row; irklas oar. Ir. 
 
 rdim, imm-rdim to row, sail; rdm oar; rama shovel, (p^i».0(;, shover); 
 err fin; O. C. Ramus, Ramius. 
 
 Sk. ri to impel, [shoot, aim straight] ; ar to [drive straight furrow] ; 
 plow; arth to seek, [reach end]; arv, urv to aim, wound; urv-ara plow- 
 land (redup.). Gk. dcpiSo) to plow; dtpoTijp plow-man; apotpov plow; 
 
 Spoupa plow-land; "Api(jiot plow-men, Campanians. Lat. aro to 
 
 plow; ardtor plow-man; ardtrum plow; arvus arable; arvum plow-land. 
 
 Goth, aryan to plow; O. H. G. erran to plow; art plowing; O. N. 
 
 eria to plow; ar plowing; ardhr plow. Lith. arti, O. R. orati to plow; 
 
 Lith. arimas field; arklas plow; O. R. oralo,ralo plow. Ir. aire [aim], 
 
 attention; airer farmer [a,yar, Ir irapel]; ire land, field (p. 115) ; arathar 
 plow; W. aradyr plow; Com. erv field; Bret, arein, arat to plow; arer, 
 alir plow; erk (plu. iriti) furrow; O. C. Aratrius. 
 
 Sk. aram swift, [hitting mark, successful], sufficient, suitable; 
 ranv, rinv, ramb to go [eagerly] ; ran to shout, be joyful (Wanderlust, 
 hunter's joy) ; ram (reme, fut. ransye) to [shoot, hit], be happy, sport, 
 play; [to attain], rest (cf. sad to speed, attain; sad to rest); d-ram, 
 upa-ram to rest, repose ; dratis, ratis, rati rest, pleasure ; ramas, ramanas 
 lover; dramas pleasure, pleasure-garden; Ved. [redup. ran-ram], rdram 
 to delight, give pleasure; ranvas delightful; [rans] aranyas forest; 
 
 dranyakas hermit, forest-dweller, solitary. Zd. ram to rest, be 
 
 happy; rdma rest; airima loneliness. Gk. Ip^iAO? lonely, destitute; 
 
 IpijlJifa wilderness; -^peiiia quietly; iQpeixta rest; i^petJiEW to rest; dpifjievai 
 (Hesych.) to be quiet; \rans, rd] Ipi^Tuw to calm, control; [aransyas], 
 dpaiii; scattered, thin, few, scanty, (forest roamers, scattered, needy 
 
 cf. R. strannik) ; poefvo) to scatter; potii^w to rest, be relieved. 
 
 Lat. [H]erminius forester; [ranras], rdrus scattered, thin, few; [ranvas], 
 rus country; ros (roris) dew [sprinkled]; rorarii slingers {ransye to 
 shoot). O. Ger. [H]erminones woods-men (men of the interior 
 
— 120 — 
 
 contrasted with coast-tribes); [H]ermun-duri (6oupos); Arminius; 
 Irmin (forest-joy); Goth, rimis qtiiet, rest; rums space, spacious; 
 ur-rumnan to spread out, [roam]; arms destitute, needy; arman to pity; 
 O. N. rUm space, room; ryma to widen; A. S. eormen- grund wide world; 
 
 ge-ryman to make room. Lith. ramas rest ; ramus gentle ; rimti to be 
 
 quiet; R. rumyanit to beautify, paint the face; rumyan{v]iy complex- 
 ion, pink {ramanas) ; ranit to [hunt], woimd ; ranniy [bloody, red], dawn; 
 
 rai [happy hunting-grounds], paradise (cf. &pai6q) ; rosa dew (ros). • 
 
 Ir. fo-ram hunting, fowling; rdmhad, rdmut {set road, suide abode) 
 [peaceful] way, king's highway; chief's court; rHam [rest], cemetery; 
 riA-amna crimson, beautiful, (bloody, purple, glorious); rHamach, 
 riiamdae glorious ; riiaim alder-tree (dye-wood) ; rtianaid red ; Bret. 
 [ramet], ravend, ranvet path; O. C. ramedon Toa.d; Ramiaca Cortis Remi- 
 court; Rama post-station, rest; Ramius, Raminia, Ramilus, Rameldcus, 
 Remilidcus, Remulla, Remmius, Remi; Aramis, Aramo, Armis, Arimi- 
 num, Erminius, Hermidius; Rumo (Pliny), Ruoihm (Nennius) isle of 
 Thanet; Rombella (red-Hp). 
 
 Sk. rl, ranv, rinv to go, be eager; ran intens. rdran to shout, be 
 joyful; ranas war; ranitas sound (of forest); ru (rdumi, ravimi) to 
 cry, plash, roar; sing [of birds]; howl, wail, murmur, whisper, sound, 
 buzz; d-ru to shout, yell; rud to weep; rai, rd to bark; rurus [bleating], 
 
 goat, deer; ravas sound, roar; [rav open-mouthed, red]; ravis sun. 
 
 Gk. (i)p6(i) (d-ru) to howl, roar, wail, yell; dpufjLaySos din, rush of water 
 (mangh to whirl, speed) ; [polpyoc,], poTpSo? rush, whirl, sound of 
 wind; poti^o? whir, whistle, ripple, hiss; pot^Ssti) to rush, rustle, 
 plash, gulp (melts with po^eu); pui^w to snarl; Xup« (cf. ruru) [twang- 
 ing], lyre; po/ra pomegranate (open mouth, red lip, white teeth). 
 
 Lat. rumor [rushing wind], rumor (cf. cldmor) ; rumito to spread, report; 
 rdvis open-mouthed, ravening; rabies rage; [ravacus], raucus hoarse, 
 
 growling. O. H. G. gi-riundn to whisper; Goth, runa secret; 0. N. 
 
 rSma war-shout, battle (Ruhm; cf. ranas); A. S. rAn secrecy, council, 
 runic letter; ryan, ryn to sound, roar; redv wild, fierce; Goth, laian 
 
 to mock. O. R. revan (inf. ryuti) to roar, bellow; R. reveit to low, 
 
 bray, roar; roitsya to swarm (of bees); rayat to bark; revnovat to be 
 [open mouthed], fierce, jealous; rvanut to pounce, rush; rvat to tear, 
 
 vomit; rveniy eagerness. Ir. ru, rAn secret, mystery; \ravrav\ rer 
 
 black bird; rowan mountain-ash (red berry); O. C. Raura [plashing] 
 2 rivers; Raurici chanters, shouters; Rauracius, Rauricia; Ravis, 
 Ravonia, Rovius, Rubius; rufius lynx [ruvius open-mouthed cf. Xiiy^]; 
 Rabana ; Rd[va]n-agnus = joyful-shouter ; [Runa-vanna] Ronan ; Ravenna; 
 Runius. 
 
— 121 — 
 
 Sk. ri to impel [ar, ra, ld\ forms desideratives and intensives with 
 terminations avk, ang, anksh, ang, a|, an^, akh, ah, aksh, ash, as, ex- 
 pressing animal action, speeding, desiring, pouncing, gripping, hugging, 
 clawing, scratching, gaping, howling, drawing blood; also derived 
 ideas; outstretching, desiring, aspiring, growing, valuing, honoring, 
 encompassing, guarding, watching, [brandishing], flashing, shining. 
 In this series a root with guttural or sibilant termination may be 
 equivalent to one without termination, e. g. Id to take, las to embrace, 
 be joyful, lash to desire, correspond to Gk. Xctu to gaze eagerly, desire; 
 dcxoXauw to enjoy, gain; lun^—lu; lig= levis;lakh=laevus; laghus= Levis. 
 Sk. ri may add causative p (riph, ribh, riph) or determinative t, d, t, d; 
 and the whole series may prefix v or sv (vri, svri, svar, vrish, vri^, 
 vrit, vridh) ; vri^ becomes Ur^, ar^, argh; vridh becomes drd. 
 
 Sk. ri, ranh, rakh, rankh, rang, rangh, rikh, rinkh, ring, lakh, linkh, 
 ling, [leg]. Up to go, go eagerly, speed, run; ri to pounce, hurt, kill; 
 riksh to desire to kill; rikshas a bear; rig, rug, rish, rush to hurt, kill; 
 argh to strike, kill ; ar galas pestle ; rush to be angry ; rUksh to be horrible, 
 cruel; rak, rag, ragh, ras to attain, taste; ra. Id to [cause to taste], 
 give, be generous (with the prey) ; lash, las, luh to desire, be merry, 
 busy, to seek; lih to lick; langh to pounce, leap, leap across; lang to 
 [hop], hobble, be lame; la^ to [prepare to pounce], threaten, mock; 
 Id^ to scare; ran^ to prowl, [grip], bind, oblige, cling to, stick, adhere; 
 lag to adhere, follow close ; Id^ to [be sticky, melt], roast ; ra^^us rope ; 
 riH to [grip], join; rile to [wrap], cover;rdkh, lakh to [wreathe], adorn ; to 
 be [wrung out], dry; lash, las, lag to embrace, sport, flash round; 
 ling to embrace; likh to [grip], tear, scratch, draw, write, scrape off, 
 [graze, draw blood], paint; ling to paint; lingam mark; lig, to be 
 [scraped] small; legas small; laghus light; lunk, lun^ to pluck, tear off; 
 lu, [te] to strip, split, cut; ru^ to break off; lush to rob, steal; losht 
 to scrape together, heap up ; rik to tear off, snatch away, separate, free, 
 leave behind [the part untom]; rah to separate, leave; [lug], lup to 
 tear, break, cleave, destroy; lup to [wrench], kill, steal; lup, rup to be 
 twisted, confused; ran^ to draw blood, color, dye, redden; raktas red; 
 la^, la^i to redden, blush; [runksh], ruksh to be horrible, [gnash, howl, 
 belch, vomit, wet]; ras, rds, rdg to howl, yell, shout (cf. ru to howl, 
 rdi to bark) ; rikh to go, approach, [attain, reach]; rig to go, acquire, 
 stretch out [hand or claw], be strong; riius, ri^rus straight; rdgh, 
 Idgh to be strong; ruh to approach, attain, stretch upward, aspire, 
 ascend, grow tall ; rih, rik to aspire, praise, worship, give ; rish to hunt, 
 roam, be pilgrim; raksh to [roam around], guard, watch [sheep], 
 preserve, govern; rakshaka, guardian; rakshas watchful demon; 
 
— 122 — 
 
 rdi to govern, be glorious; laksh to watch, observe; lakshyas target; 
 laksham mark; laHh to mark; lakshml [good shot], luck, beauty, 
 glory; rang to go round; rangas circus, theatre; ra^as [whirling] dust, 
 passion; raganl [rolling stars], night; raiabdla darkness; ra^atas 
 [flashing Hke moon], white; raiatam silver; reg, rangh, ruM, rug to 
 flash, shine; lok, lok to flash out, glance, speak; [lag], lap to speak; 
 ark to flash, bum, praise; afk to honor, worship; arkas sun; arkis 
 glory, flame; n^, ar|to acquire, gain, heap up, make, perform; ra^ to 
 make, perform; argh to be desirable, valuable, glorious; arghas sacri- 
 fice, honor, ransom, price; arghyas venerable; arh to honor, worship, 
 be worthy, fit, equal; to be a duty. 
 
 In the following instances v is prefixed ; rank, rani to go, correspond 
 to vrag to go ;* n| to stretch out, be strong, rise ; ruh to press upward, 
 grow; correspond to wm/t to grow; vrikshastree;* vi-rik (vi-rinMe) to 
 pour out; vi-ruh to pour out; Mr|, uria sap, vigor;* riU to tear off, 
 separate, leave behind the part untorn; rah to separate, leave, corre- 
 spond to wn'l, vrini to leave,* ran^ to [seize, grip], encircle, bind, 
 oblige; ra^us rope; riM to wrap, bind, correspond to vrik to take; 
 vriH, vriksh to cover; vra^ to [wrap, robe], adorn* rdkh, lakh to [wrap], 
 adorn, [wring out], be dry; lunU, lung, rik to wring off, tear off, [twist], 
 correspond to vragk to wring off, tear off; vri^ to [strip, rub off], 
 purify, [twist, wring, distort];* rish to injure, kill, corresponds to mis 
 to kill ;* ran to sound corresponds to vran to sound ;* rak to go about, 
 do, corresponds to vra^ to go about, do ;* ark to bum corresponds to 
 vark to shine;* rudh to enclose, hem in, stop; lud to embrace, cover; 
 losht to roll up, heap; lud to whirl, stir; lod to be confused, dizzy, mad, 
 correspond to vrud to cover, roll together, heap ; vrid to be [confused] 
 ashamed;* ridh to grow corresponds to vridh to grow,* ri to fly, soar, 
 circle, watch, seek, corresponds to vri to desire; vri to watch, encom- 
 pass, guard. 
 
 Sk. riksh to desire to kill; rikshashG&T] argh to strike, kill; rak, 
 
 rag to grip, taste. Gk. apxos, Spxtoq bear; SpxY)Xos young panther; 
 
 dpYY^ wrath, passion, temper, disposition. Lat. [urxus], ursus bear. 
 
 Goth, arhvazna dart; hi-rekei danger {rag). R. reizat to slay, 
 
 murder; reishik cutter, engraver; reishetina lath. Ir. orgim to slay, 
 
 wound; 0. C. area sea-monster, sword-fish; Or cades; Orcia goddess; 
 Orceto-rix (coins), Orgeto-rix. 
 
 Sk. rish to roam, wander; rishis pilgrim; the stars of the Great 
 
— 123 — 
 
 Bear, encircling the pole. Gk. [ipsw], eppw to roam, be lost, slow, 
 
 ruined. Lat. erro to roam, err, be lost; erro vagabond, fugitive. 
 
 Goth, airzyan to lead astray; airzei error; airzis astray. 
 
 Sk. rank, rangh to [be eager]; rag, ragh, rak, ras to attain, taste; 
 lash, luh to desire, seek; lag, lash, las to embrace, sport, flash round; 
 Id-lasas eager; [lag], lap, rap, lok, lok to flash out eagerly, speak; 
 
 lap to wail, lament; ras, ras, rag, to shout, sound. Gk. XIuxt) 
 
 merry chat, gossip, conversation; council; iho-'Kiayrn talkative; logical 
 (aSiQv) ; Xdoxo) (XeXdxa) to crash, shriek, cry, utter; Xaxepd? talking, 
 chirping; XaXaYew to babble, chirp; XaXlw to talk; XaXal^w to plash; 
 Acixwv [pithy, sharp speaker, commander], Laconian; X«(j67] mockery; 
 
 XaxiXw to whistle, boast. Lat. loquor to talk; loquax talkative; 
 
 Aius Locutius; locusta grasshopper (chirping) ; lobster (grasshopper 
 legs); Locusta withered hag; la[c]mentum lament; lascivus sportive; 
 /m:*;m5 luxury (luh; melts with luxor to twist) ; Lases, Lares kitchen-gods, 
 
 gods of hearth, tasters ; [ravacus] raucus hoarse (development of ru) . 
 
 Goth, luston to desire; leikan to please, like {lag); leik flesh, body 
 (cf. lieben, Leib); leikeins carnal; leikinon to heal; A. S. ledc leek 
 
 (savory) ; leahan to scold; O. Eng. to lease lie. hith.rekiutoscresLm; 
 
 lepyu to command; 0. R. rekan to speak; laskati to flatter; R. laskat to 
 
 flatter; lisa fox; lepetat to babble. Ir. at-luchur to offer thanks, 
 
 praise; rose eye (bright, merry, eloquent; but v. p. 77); rose a war- 
 song; roscad a famous saying; roscadach glossary; loss share; behalf; 
 Bret, lusk desire, aspiration; lisaour lover; O. C. Ruscino, Roscius, 
 Rascanius, Rasinius, Lasso, Lassonitis, Lascius. 
 
 Sk. ras to attain, taste; lash, las to desire, sport; la (lalus) to take 
 
 [food], [cause to take] give; ra (rdsate) to give food and drink. Gk. 
 
 Xiw to gaze eagerly, wish, desire; X^i«.a will, resolution; XsXfijyiai, caus. 
 XiicTO(ji,at to strive eagerly; XI\j.6i; hunger; XiXaioi^at to long for; 
 ixo-Xaiift) to enjoy; have advantage; Xufwv, Xwsto? better, best; Xcoxd? 
 [eagerly-plucked] clover, flower, berry; (melts with Phoen. lot opium, 
 resin, juice, later XdSavov) ; Auo? [harvest], September; Xaiov sickle; 
 Xi^tov crop, standing com; X'^at? desire; Xtjsth^? robber; XsJa, Xy)ii; booty, 
 cattle; Xi?, Xluv, Xsfwv lion; Xsfu?, Xsw? desperately, utterly [de- 
 stroyed]; XaiSc, XiQo? king's henchmen, war-band, people; ^aai-Xeu? 
 king (bhdsh to flash command; p. 45); Xt^ito? public; XetT-oupylw to 
 serve the people; Xo^Tpti; hired servant; AaiJpetov, rich, silver-giving; 
 AT][ji,i^Tif]p 'PapicJ? Ceres the bountiful {ra redup. cf. laltis) ; piipoq womb, 
 foetus (fruitful) ; 'Papo? father of Triptolemus; pup6? strong; paOuixo? 
 wanton, careless. Lat. lu-crum gain; lav-ernio thief (cf. ru to yell, 
 
— 124 — 
 
 open mouthed ; ravis, rabidus) ; Laverna goddess of thieves (v. Celtic) ; 
 
 lautus sumptuous. Goth, laun pay, wages; lun payment; yugga- 
 
 lauths youth (melts with Sk. radh to serve ; lad to sport, serve) ; M. H . G. 
 
 [lusen], Idren to watch for game {lalus) ; Ger. lauter sumptuous. O. R. 
 
 loviti to chase, catch; lovu game. Ir. lucht troop, party, people, folk; 
 
 a share [of spoil, food], portion, batch, load; luchPlach crew, cargo; 
 Hack, Hag, Idg reward, price, ransom; Idigthech munificent; logaim 
 to remit, forgive; Idech warrior, hero; Idechrad band of warriors; 
 W. lau-ffroen eager-nose, greyhound; llauwen eager, joyful; lowern 
 fox (thief. Cor. louuern, Bret, louarn; lavernio) ; Cor. louennan weasel; 
 loven louse; lewen-ki gad-fly; Bret, leuenus joyful; leiienan wren; 0. C. 
 Launos, Launomarus ; Lovernus; Lovessus; Lon-dinium jojrful town? 
 
 Sk. la (talus) to take food, feed; /as to be merry; lalamas ornament; 
 
 Ilia sport, caress. Gk. XeX('»]tJi.at to strive eagerly; Xaii? [merry] 
 
 thrush; XaXew to talk, converse; Xsi'ptov lily; [Xa^po?], Xaiipo?, 
 Xa^po? greedy, violent, blustering [of wind and men]; hasty in speech; 
 XaPpeuo(jiat to be fierce in speech, brag; Xapo? sea-gull; Xapdq sweet, 
 dainty; Xapuy^ [food-pinch], gullet; word-pipe, wind-pipe (p. 4); 
 Xaijpa [gut], sewer, gutter, Hone, lane; oXupa spelt (hungry-food, 
 
 cf. avena). Lat. lilium lily; Laelius; lolium darnel (useless chatter); 
 
 [XccpuY^ stuffed gullet, belly] largus bountiful; [lavarico], lurco glutton; 
 laridum, lardum bacon, lard; Lars, Lartius bountiful, lord; larva 
 [greedy vampire], demon; [lavartts], laurus laurel (anointed leaf. cf. 
 
 [lupioq). A. S. Idv-erke lark (eager-desire; raeccan to reach 
 
 after, attain); Goth, razda (O. H. G. rarta) speech, dialect; ga-razna 
 
 [friend], neighbor; laian to mock; Ger. lallen to stammer. R. 
 
 lavka, lavUonka food-shop, grog-shop; leleiat to caress, cajole; liolka 
 
 cradle; lar, laretz round box (belly). Ir. [lavraim], labraim to speak; 
 
 Ion blackbird (merry) ; [lavrac], Idrac, laarg flesh-fork (picker, hungry) ; 
 lorg [hunting], track, chase, speed; behind, back; lerg back, buttock, 
 hillock; /Mrga [marrow-bone], shin-bone; lorg club; lulgach milch-cow 
 (Ia-I6eg feed-calf) ; O. C. laurix young rabbit; Massiliot Xe§iQpf<;, leveret 
 (devourer) ; Lauraco, Laurco, Laurcus (htmter) ; [lavarum], labarum 
 [glory], standard. 
 
 Sk. risk to prowl ; riksh to desire to kill ; rikshas bear; argh to injure; 
 [ravakshas], rukshas terrible, cruel ; rug, rig, rush to wound, be [bloody], 
 red; rush to rage ; lunk, lu^, lun^ to tear; ru^ to break, kill; lu to strip 
 
 off; lush to rob. Gk. Xuaadw to rage; Xucraa fury; dpijaau to 
 
 [scratch up], burrow, dig, bury; Spug pickaxe; opuY(j,a ditch, tunnel; 
 XuYpi5s cruel, baneful; Xoiyds havoc, death, plague; puxiviQ gouge, 
 
— 125 — 
 
 plane; piiu, piaxonat to wrench; drag; Spxos, SpxTO? bear; f(i5 cleft, 
 fragment (melts with /rpTJaow) ; fiSyxo? beak; Ipuxu to grip, hold in; 
 XiSxo? wolf (melts with vrikas); 'Po^oXdvot, 'Pdacjot Russians (red; con- 
 trasted withTartars) . Lat. [urxus], ursushea-i; rwga wrinkle (scratch) ; 
 
 runcare to dig, pick, hoe; Cor[vi-r]uncanius crow's beak; Aurunca 
 (bird's beak, mattock-tilled) ; [roxtrum],rostrum beak; rancura cruelty, 
 revenge; rancidus [torn carrion], decayed, sour; recens fresh [plucked]; 
 
 ringo to snarl; rixa [dog] fight. A. S. luccan to wrench out; rinc 
 
 warrior; raesan to rage; 0. H. G. rukyan to push, pull, whirl, rock; 
 O. N. rokkr distaff; Eng. to rack (of a horse); O. N. rSg fight (ruf= 
 
 [ruh]) ; Goth, rikan; A. S. racian to rake (/m|, runcare). Lith. rauka 
 
 wrinkle; Boh. ry^ graves; R. reizat to cut, engrave, cut throat; reizetz 
 burin, chisel; reizak plowshare; rusiy red, ruddy; Russkiy Russian. 
 
 Ir. rungcin plane ; ri^sc bark (stripped) ; rtlss crimson, complexion, 
 
 cheek; rucce [blush], shame {rug); Bret, roh rock, cliff [cleft]; rok 
 harsh, proud; ruziin to scrape, drag, scratch; rigas quarrel; rogn itch; 
 rogein, rougein to tear; rous red (rousse, rouge melting with rubigo); 
 [regnu], renii spade; rahein to rake, scrape, level; rakhr esplanade; 
 rach itch [riksh]; luchennaf to rock (wild animal shaking prey); Ir. 
 rech, W. rhych, Bret, rec furrow; Fr. ronce bramble; ronger to gnaw; 
 O. C. Rancios; Runcones, Ruccones, Roccones (mountaineers); Rocco, 
 Roccus; Roscius, Rosso- magus, Rossidcum (19). 
 
 Sk. ruksh to be horrible, fierce, [howl, yell, open jaw, belch, vomit, 
 wet]; rile {rinakmi, rinUe) to tear away, separate, free, let fly; vi-riH to 
 dash out, empty; ruh to make an effort upward, grow; vi-ruh to pour 
 
 out. Gk. Ipeuyu to spit, vomit, belch, surge, roar, pour out lava, 
 
 bellow; IpuyYiivw to belch; pti/w to wheeze, vomit; dpuY(i.(5?, ^puyi^, 
 6puY(i,a roaring, howling; StwXuYio? sounding terribly; pal^w, p6!^<i) 
 to snarl, growl, scream (of hawk) ; piJYX°? snout, jaw, trunk, beak; 
 pox6sw to roar (waves); Xiit^u to hiccup, sob, gulp; X6y^ retching; 
 lynx (wide mouth, scream); XiYafvw to scream, cry; Xfyyco to twang; 
 Xiyus, Xtfup^s whistling, clear, shrill; Xi-jfY] twilight (twittering time^; 
 
 Xauxavfy] gullet; plyxw to snort, snore; ^(^-^yoiklXjui to bark. Lat. 
 
 e-rugo to vomit; eruca devouring caterpillar; eruca rocket, larkspur 
 (dragon's mouth); ru[g]mino to [belch up], chew cud; rumen [out- 
 pouring] udder; rigo, irrigo to water {vi-ruh, vi-rik); ructo to belch; 
 
 rugio to roar; rictus open jaw; lugeo to howl, mourn. Goth, in— 
 
 rauhtyan to shiver, shudder; 0. H. G. it-ruchan to chew the cud; A. S. 
 roccetan to spue, ruke up;rScan, 0. N. reykia, O. H. G. rouchan to steam 
 (mouth in cold weather) ; to smoke ; A. S. racu broken clouds, cloud-rack, 
 rain; O.N. rak moisture; Goth, rignyan, A. S. rignan, O.H.G. reganSn 
 
— 126 — 
 
 to rain (mh) ; O.H.G. sluccan to gulp, swallow; luhs lynx; Ger. locken 
 
 to call with shrill voice, mimic bird, lure. O. R. r[v]iknanti to roar; 
 
 R. r[v]ikat to roar; rzhat to whinny; rugat to revile; i[v]is a lynx; 
 
 lakomka glutton; Lith. lushis wild cat. Ir. slocim, sluccim to gulp 
 
 down, swallow; I6eg calf (sucker, cf. lu-lgach milch cow) ; W. llo (plu. 
 hi), Com. loch, Bret, lieuaj, luS calf; Ir. [lug], luck mouse (gen. lochad; 
 devourer) ; W. llygod. Corn., Bret, logod mouse; W. llyngou to swallow; 
 Gael, roic to bellow (cow, deer); W. ringc to hiss, roar; Bret, lonkein 
 to devour; lonkad mouthful, luncheon; lon[k]teg glutton; rohken, 
 ronken gasp, death-rattle ; O. C. Rinctius (roaring stream) ; Rancios, 
 Rancum, Lungones, Loncium. 
 
 Sk. ri^ (rinaMmi, rinUe) to tear away, let fly; vi-ri^ to pour out; 
 vi-ruh to pour out; srii {a-sri^at, sa-sar^a, srashtum) to hurl, shoot, 
 dash out, pour out, generate, make, lay down, leave, hand over, 
 give; sar^ to [seize], win, earn; sargas, creation, nature; sar^as 
 resinous tree; srigas arrow; (melt with vrii to pour, vrafU to tear); 
 
 saru^ [melting], sick. Gk. daeXyi^? passionate; sXxo? a wound, a 
 
 flowing sore; a loss (torn away); a&p^ flesh (generated, generating, 
 
 bleeding). Lat. sulcus furrow; Sergius bountiful; surculus shoot, 
 
 sprout (sargas); sarculum [scratcher], hoe; sarcio to [use claw, awl], 
 
 knit together, cobble; sarcina [plunder; booty], haversack, load. 
 
 A. S. slagan to shoot, strike, beat, slay; slingan to hurl with a sling; 
 slincan to [flow like resin], crawl; [^Zag], slaw slow; Eng. slag overflow, 
 dross; O. N. slongva to sling; slokva to [dash water], extinguish; 
 s&rga [bleeding], wounded; sorh, sorg [melting] sorrow, pain; sylgr 
 draught, swallow; solginn greedy; serkr [luxurious] garment; slongvir 
 [melting, draggling, slinking] snake; slagr [shot], blow, neat stroke, 
 harp; sleggya hammer; sleg [dragged] sledge; slaekinn [running sore], 
 
 rotten; Ger. schlecht wretched? R. [sleigd], sleid track, footsteps; 
 
 sleidovat to hunt, pursue (cf. Irish). Ir. sere love; suirge courtship; 
 
 sercoll [new-slain], fresh meat; sSr[g]e food; sergaim to [flow away, 
 melt], decay, be sick, weary, vanish; sleigaim to crawl, slink; slickt 
 track, trace; sleg javelin (slung with thong); selg hunting; sekhe 
 hunter; sl6g army; slechtaim to strike, slay; O. C. Selgovae (hunters); 
 Salginus, Selgidcus; Sorgia, Sulga rivers; Sulcia mineral springs; 
 Catu-slogi. 
 
 Sk. likh to scrape, scratch, draw, graze, [draw blood], paint, 
 
 touch; Uq to be [scraped down], small; tig, ling to paint. Gk. Xfl^u 
 
 to graze; XfySTiv grazing, scraping (cf. (iXJ^o?). R. lishat to strip. 
 
127 
 
 ■Ir. lig, li, (Bret, liu) color, complexion, beauty; ligach gentle, 
 
 beautiful; 0. C. Liger, Ligno (beautiful, gracious, fair-flowing) 
 
 Sk. lih (lehmi, lelihye), rih (rihdmi) to lick; ling to smear, paint. 
 
 Gk. Xef^w, Xixixao), Xtxixii^o) to lick; Xtxavd? forefinger; Xf/vo? 
 
 dainty, greedy; Xet/'^v lichen (sucking life from rock). Lat. 
 
 lingo to lick; ligurio to be eager, dainty; lingua tongue; lixa sutler. 
 
 Goth, bi-laigdn, O. H. G. lecchdn to lick. O. R. lizati to lick; 
 
 Lith. leizhiu to lick; lizhus forefinger, R. slizivat to lick; slizkiy sticky; 
 
 fo/iai lichen; lozhka spoon. Ir. ligim to lick; ligur tongue; Bret. 
 
 lichir gluttonous. 
 
 Sk. langh to pounce ; lag, lak, [rag], rak to [grip], attain, taste ; lag 
 to grip, stick to, be sticky; ragh, Idgh to [grip hard], be strong; ran^, 
 lan^, la£^ to [claw, draw blood], dye, redden, blush, be ashamed; 
 la^ to threaten, mock; Idgh to be strong, [lift easily]; laghus light; 
 /om| to [pounce], kill, [take possession], dwell; be strong, flash out, 
 be generous, speak; re^ to flash, glitter, leap. 
 
 Sk. langh to leap, leap across, pass over, pass the time, transgress; 
 langhanam leaping over, contempt (insulto) ; ragh, lag to reach, taste; 
 rangh to speed, run, flash out, shine; rang to [draw blood], be red; 
 
 lan£ to flash, hurt, kill; Id^ to scare; la^ to threaten, mock. Gk. 
 
 Xd-jf^^T) lance, javelin; "Ka-^xdvui to [hurl, cause to leap], cast lots; to 
 attack at law; to attain possession; Xdixo?, XdyxiQ lot; X&xzcik;, Xi^i? 
 allotment, fate; Xxydq [leaper], hare; Xai^oiJiat to reach, grip, seize, 
 bite; Xit^w, Xaxici^w to [leap], kick out with the heels, kick, struggle, 
 strike; "Ki^, Xot-j-SiQV adv. [kicked, trampled] with heel, sole of foot; 
 IXIyx«i) to [pounce upon, mock], detect, put to shame, conquer; 
 SXeyxo? shame, disgrace, conviction, refutation, test; dXal^fSv (i 
 intens.) [mocking], bragging, pretending (la^); plI^M to dye (red); 
 
 pYjYsiSs dyer; p^yo? purple rug. Lat. lancea lance; lancino to spear 
 
 fish, assail, mock; lacesso to assail, mock; longus [leap, shot], long (of 
 space and time), lego to speed with commission, send a legate; lac 
 
 milk (lak to desire, taste). Goth, laikan to leap, dance, exult; laggs 
 
 long; laggei length; Ger. erlangen to [leap to], attain; gelingen to suc- 
 ceed; 0. H. G. lane long; O. N. Idnga to [aim at], long for; /aa: [leaper], 
 salmon; leggr [leaper], thigh, muscle; biceps (hurler); laukr [spear], 
 point, sprout, leek; leikr [dance], sport; lukka [leaping lot], luck; 
 lasta to reproach, shame (Idstern) ; loga to flash, blaze (lan^) ; Idga 
 to utter; A. S. lun-gre quick, strong, very; Eng. to lunge, launch; 
 Scotch ling salmon; Fries, l&kia to blame; 0. H. G. lahan to reproach 
 
— 128 — 
 
 (la^). R. lazit to make an effort, climb; leizt to climb, enter, dive; 
 
 leisa stair, scaffold ; l[v]izka racket, heel ; lyagat to kick back ; lyagushka 
 frog; lyazhka thigh, haunch; loza sprout; losos, lokh salmon; razhdat 
 to [make an effort], bear a child; razhiy strong, stout; raz [pounce], 
 chance, opporttmity, time ; r[v]izhiy tawny, red ; Lith. ragauyu to taste. 
 
 Ir. lingim to leap; lilg]im a leap; liie a kick; longaim to [pounce], 
 
 eat; long ship (crossing over, langh; lego); longes voyage, banishment; 
 Bret, lijor length of leap, width, space; lenjen lash, reins; lagad 
 flashing eye, glance, sunbeam, gleam on water {lan£); lagad-blei 
 rainbow (blmein to bloom); mab-lagat [child of the eye], pupil; 0. C. 
 Ligures (lijor, Toamers); Lingones (charioteers); Lango-briga; Lon{g].- 
 dinium (ship-town)? langa wild-cat (Plin. N. H., 37, 34); Langum; 
 Lugus the Celtic sun-god (cf . form lue) is connected with O. N. Loki 
 the quivering, treacherous aurora borealis (cf . lukka). 
 
 Sk. langh to leap, leap across, leap into; lag, rag to attain, taste, 
 
 enjoy. Gk. ?>6xijiy) animal ''s lair, jungle; Xoxau to lurk, lie in wait; 
 
 "kiyoc, ambush, troop of soldiers; [den, brooding-place], child-bed; 
 Xoxil^w to lie in wait, set ambush, distribute men in companies; 
 Xoxeijw to [be in the straw], bear children; Xe^o? bed; «-Xoxos wife 
 (a synthetic) ; Xaypd? sleeping-mat; Xyjyo) to reach the end, cease, rest, 
 
 desist ; Xlyo) to lay; lay in bed; put to sleep. Lat. [legtus], lectus bed; 
 
 lectlca litter; legio troop of soldiers (Xd^os) ? ; lex {legis) [established] law 
 
 (Osc. ligud abl.). Goth, ligan to lie down; lagyan to lay; lageins 
 
 laying; ligrs bed; liugan to marry; ga-liugan to [set an ambush], 
 deceive, lie; 0. H. G. l&ga ambush; Ger. Lager couch, store-house, 
 
 camp; O. N. lAgr [laid] low; lag position, establishment, law. 0. R. 
 
 lezhati to lie down; leigati to go to bed; lozhe bed; R. logovishUe lair; 
 
 lozh a lie; slagat to lay down. Ir. laigim to lie down; lige bed; lecht 
 
 grave; lucht, luchtlach a company of men, crew, cargo (p. 124); Bret. 
 lakat, lekel to put, place, make an effort, work; lak&z, lackey; Uh 
 place; Uhein to set a bone; leign nooning, dinner; 0. C. liuga [resting 
 place, post-station], league. 
 
 Sk. lag to [grip], stick to, be sticky; la^i, rani to [claw, draw blood], 
 redden, blush, [weaken, make faint, slack, chill]; langh to leap, pounce; 
 Idgh to be strong (action and passion) ; lag to desire; lan^d prostitute; 
 
 algas yielding, suffering. Zd. eregant weak, wretched, bad. 
 
 Gk. XayYal^w, XayYapsw, Xayysuo) to be slack, loose, weary; to delay; 
 Xayapo? lax, slack, hollow, sunken, lean, loose, pliant, thin; Xaytiv 
 hollow of flank, flank, glen, cup; XwY^vtov dew-lap; Xay^av loiterer; 
 Xdyavov oil-cake (thin, kneaded); Xdfuvoq (term, otvo?, Lat. lagena) 
 
— 129 — 
 
 [wine-dripper], slender-necked wine-flask; Xi^xuOo? oil-flask, [bubble], 
 bombast, fiasco; Xayvsiiw to beget; Xdyvo? passionate; X^yo? lewd; 
 XsYotfvd), Xsx«{v<o to be lewd; XiQxif)[i,a; XwydXtos; dXYeu to [be clawed, 
 lose blood], svifEer pain, smart; aXyoq pain, woe, grief; Sua-iq-Xeyi]? 
 cruel, ruthless, bitter cold; SXeyo? lament, dirge; 4pY(5? [bloodless, 
 cold], torpid, lazy; plt^u to dye (ran^); pYjysfi? dyer; Xlyvov dyed 
 
 border. Lat. langueo to be weary, languish; languidus; languor; 
 
 laxus loose, slack; pro-lixus hanging over, too long; laxare to loosen; 
 lassus weary; lactes mesentery, entrails; algeo to be cold, torpid; 
 
 algidus frozen, cold ; alga sea-weed (slack, clammy) ; argilla clay. 
 
 Goth, [laxius], lasivs weak, faint; Scotch to irk; O. N. leka to drip, 
 drop, leak; O. Dutch, laecken, Dan. lakke to decline, fail, wear away, 
 be lacking; A. S. laece, Goth, leikeis surgeon, anointer, physician; 
 
 leik body (cf. salbdn to anoint, heal; O.N. lifya; cf. p. 123). R. sleza 
 
 a tear; sliz stickiness; alkat to be hungry, thirsty; Lith. alkstu (praet, 
 
 alkau) to starve; alpstu to faint; leikoras, R. leikori, physician. 
 
 Ir. legaimto melt; lag, lac feeble, faint; ailges passionate desire; dilgen 
 kindly; liaig physician; W. lag slack, weak; Bret, lagen mire. 
 
 Sk. langh, rangh to be quick, run, leap; lagh, rdgh to be strong, 
 [lift easily]; laghus, raghus light, nimble (comp., sup. laghlyans, 
 
 laghishtas). Gk. IXaxi^S little (comp., sup. eXduswv, IXdi/taro?); 
 
 [IXaxpo?]. ^XaSpds, IXaippd? light, nimble, (attracted by ribhus). 
 
 Lat. W[g\uis light (shortened to differentiate from levis); levare to 
 
 lift, help. A. S. Uhtan to raise, lighten, lift; Idssa, last less, least; 
 
 O. H. G. lunga lung? O. R. liguku light; R. legkii, light, nimble; 
 
 legkoe lung; slegka lightly, softly; Lith. lengvas easy, gentle. 
 
 Ir. lug little (comp., s\ip.laigiu, lugem) ; lugu, laiget littleness; fu-langim 
 to lift, support, endure (Idgh); Bret, lohein to lift with lever; loh 
 lever. 
 
 Sk. rank, rakk to speed; rag, rak, ras, lag, lak, lash to seek, desire, 
 taste; las to [grasp], embrace, rejoice, be nimble, handy; lagh to 
 
 [lift], be strong. Gk. Xlyo) to pick out, choose, choose a number, 
 
 count, reckon, esteem, recount, relate, tell, speak; dc-Xlyw (d synthetic) 
 to count among; d-Xlyw (d intens.), dXsyfl^o), dXsyivM to consider care- 
 fully, esteem, be anxious, careful; d-Xlyw (d negative) to disregard; 
 Xdyo? reckoning, account, tale, m)rth, history, speech, word, calcula- 
 tion, reflection, reason; XoyKrix.i5i; reckoning, calculation, bill; xaTocXsycD 
 to choose, enroll soldiers, make a list; dvd-Xoyo? according to ratio 
 
 (p. 13). Lat. lego to choose, pick out, pick out letters, read; 
 
 to pick out the tracks, landmarks, find one's way, coast the shore; 
 
 8 
 
— 130 — 
 
 de-lectus chosen; di-lectus favored, loved; de-lector to delight; intel- 
 lego to [compare reckonings], understand; legio chosen men, levy; 
 legumen bean, pulse (gathered) ; lignum [gathered branches], fire- 
 wood, wood cf. R. Goth, lisan (0. H. G. lesan) to gather, collect, 
 
 know; lists science, art, stratagem; laisyan, (O. H. G. leran) to cause 
 to know, teach ; laistyan to pick out the footsteps, follow ; laists footstep; 
 A. S. laeran to teach; l&r lore; Goth, rahnyan (rak) to reckon; ragin 
 
 reason, counsel; A. S. recnan {rag) to reckon. Lett, lashit to gather; 
 
 Lith. lesti to pick up; rinkti to gather; R. likhcn qtiick to seize (cf. 
 rakh, rikh to go [eagerly]), impetuous, marauding, stealing, adroit; 
 
 likho evil; leis wood; list leaf. Ir. loss [desire], for the sake; less 
 
 advantage, profit; luss herb, plant, taste; lui[g] branch; Bret, lezeu 
 plant, herb, drug; lezeuein to gather herbs; O. C. Lossius, Losunius, 
 Lousonna, Lausus. 
 
 Sk. rank, rakh, [ryanh], rinkh to be eager, go ; ati-riM to go ahead, 
 excel, be glorious, rule; pra-riU to stretch beyond; n| (rin^e) to 
 stretch out [claw or hand], reach, acquire, attain; rigus outstretched, 
 straight, right; ri^ras leader; ragh, Idgh to be strong; raksh to [hold 
 fast], guard, govern; ra^ to rtde; be glorious; rd^an king; ruh to ap- 
 proach, attain, stretch upward, aspire, grow; arg to rake together, 
 acquire, accumulate, heap, attain, accomplish; argh to grip, hurt; 
 
 to be [attained], precious. Zd. erezu straight, just, true; a finger. 
 
 Gk. dpeYO), dpIfvuiAt to reach, stretch out, grasp at, lunge, strike; 
 
 ops^t? desire, taste, yearning; dpeEyavov marjoram, sage [exciting 
 appetite]; (5pYuta, dpdyuta outstretched arms, fathom; i5ptYV(io(i,ai to 
 stretch one's self; psl^u {ar^ to effect, do, [stretch out hand to gods], 
 offer sacrifice; (5pex6ew to yearn, throb; expire; piyea), piydo) to be 
 stiff, shivering, with cold (melt with hrish) ; po^d? granary (ar^) ; ipxivr) 
 
 weaver's-beam (ri^ to stretch) ; pfaxo? coffer [gripping]. La.t.regoto 
 
 straighten, direct, rule ; erigo to raise up ; [per-rego], pergo to go straight 
 toward (xepotw); por-rigo to [pass food round], offer, hold out (itsp!); 
 ex-per-{re]giscor to thoroughly rouse; rectvi^ straight; rogiis heap [of 
 logs]; rogo to [yearn, hold out hand, seek], ask; regio straight line; 
 direction, surveyed area; rex king; rigeo to be stiff; rigidus stiff. 
 
 Goth, uf-rakyan to stretch out; raihts straight, just; [reikan to be 
 
 strong]; reiks chief, king; ur-reisan to arise; [set out]; raisyanto rouse 
 {raksh); rikan to heap up, pile; rahton to pass to, hold out; A. S. 
 raecan to reach; rixian to be mighty; risan to rise; rdsian, raeran to 
 raise, rear; [rag], rdv, (0. H. G. riha, rtga) row; rdh, rd (0. H. G. rich 
 
 [homed] deer, roe ; O. N. rd, roe spar. R. rog horn {e-rigo) ; rozga twig; 
 
 Lith. raginti to demand, compel; ranka [outstretched] hand; O.K. 
 
— 131 — 
 
 raitka, R. ruka hand, forearm; rok fate. Ir., rigim, to stretch 
 
 out; reach; ^rigim, iirgim to rise; riag gallows, cross; rig forearm; rig 
 king; [p]ro-ng head-chief; rigna queen; rige, kingdom; richt stature; 
 rech furrow (straight); rega, raga to arrive; Bret, rinkein, rikein to 
 need, demand; r^few necessity; rohann span, measure; O. C. Riga king; 
 Rigo-magus= Kingston (19) ; Rignia, Ricina; Ase-recinehae (goddesses) ; 
 Regenus; Rigo-{v\ialus (king's delight, Reilly) ; Regium (Lepidi) ; 
 [Regii], Reii; Re-rig-[v]onius ; Ru-ricius; Rectina, Rectu-genos. 
 
 Sk. rank, rakh to speed ; rilih to attain, arrive ; pra-ri^, ri^ to stretch 
 out, acquire, attain; argh to be worth attaining, precious; argham 
 prize, honor; arghyas venerable ; arh, arM to honor, worship, be worthy, 
 fit, equal (overtaking; in same row) ; to be a duty; arhas worthy; rih, 
 
 riU to praise, worship. Zd. arey to deserve, be worth; areyanh price 
 
 (airya). Gk. 'igxo\i.M to arrive, come, seek, fetch, intend; Spxw to 
 
 [come in first], be first, honorable, leader, rtder; ii:-oipxw to begin, 
 come into being, exist; to come under control, belong; (ipx^? leader; 
 depXT] beginning; dominion; dpxaio? original, ancient; [tos otpxsa], idtpxea 
 funeral honors; Tap^uu to bury solemnly; SpxajAOi; first of a row, file- 
 leader; 8pxo? row, line; 6p%io\xM; to move in line, dance. Lat. erga 
 
 [striving] toward; ergo for the sake [of attaining; form abl. of cause; 
 
 governs obj. gen.]; [in consequence of desire], therefore. Goth. 
 
 raginon to rule; ragin deliberate decision, counsel, decree, reason 
 (v. XsYu; p. 130); O.N. regin the gods; regin-domr divine doom; ragna 
 rokr end of reason, chaos ; Ger. ragen to rise high ; rege pressing forward, 
 
 active. R. reizviy eager; argamak race-horse? Ir. rega I shall 
 
 come, arrive; arg famous, hero; W. erck, erchan [old], awful grizzled, 
 gray; Bret, raug forward; in front; rak because; 0. C. Ercilivus, 
 Arquius, Arcisus, Arco-briga. 
 
 Sk. risk to wander round, roam, be pilgrim; raksh to make the 
 rounds, watch, guard; rakshakas watchman; rakshas prowling demon; 
 laksh to glance round, observe; rang to go round; rangas race-track, 
 circus, theatre ; ra^ani revolving night ; ragas gloom, [whirling] dust ; 
 rakh, lakh, to [wreathe, robe], adorn; to be [wrung out], dry; rils to 
 [wrap], cover; ra^^us [twisted, coiling] rope; rinkh, ring, linkh to go 
 
 [race, circle]; ling to go, embrace; lunM to wrench off. Gk. Xo^d? 
 
 obhque ; Ao^i'a? [ecliptic], sun ; Xtxptipfs, Xiy^, Xi^, Xl^pw? slanting, oblique ; 
 &\iyv.io<; similar {i sjmth., same curve, cf. lawv, s'lxu)? :^Xt5 similar, 
 of the same age (so many circles, years) ; v]Xfx,oq as large, as tall, as 
 old as (demonst. sa p. 9) ; Xaxxo? [circular] pond, pool, pit, cistern, 
 reservoir (cf. palus p. 57) ; Xuxa-^a? [circling] year, season; X6yy), T^XufT) 
 
— 132 — 
 
 encircling darkness, perplexity (enveloping, hiding; ■t) is a intens.); 
 
 Xiiyo? withe, screw; Xoyfi^w to twist; Xiyupde flexible. Lat. licinus 
 
 twisted; Licinius; ob-liquus; [licmus], llmus cross-eyed, ascant; suh- 
 llmis, [glancing] aloft; luscus one-eyed; limes [encircling] boundary; 
 limen [guarding] threshold; ligo to bind; redup. lollgo cuttle-fish (grip- 
 per); sub-ligare to gird up loins, strip legs; Sublicius pons on bare, 
 wading legs, piles ; luxare to twist, wrench ; luxus bad morals (melts 
 with lash and luh) ; luctor to [writhe, wrench], wrestle ; lacinia, 
 lacerna cloak; laqueus noose, snare; lacto to cheat; pellicio to lure; 
 licium string, warp; (Sabine; lixula bracelet); lacus pool, reservoir 
 
 lake; lacuna, pool, mire. Goth, lukan, (O. H. G. Hhhan) to enclose, 
 
 lock; riqis darkness (ra^as); A. S. reced [enclosure], house; Idcan to 
 bind, twist, be close, be like; Idcan to dance [in circle], whirl (but of. 
 Goth, laikan); for-ldcan to betray; Idc bolt, lock; curl; Idea (0. H. G. 
 Idcha) round pool, puddle; lagu, lagu-stredm encircling ocean; 0. N. 
 loka, Mka to close, end, pay; lykia to close, circle, embrace; Ids lock; 
 lykkya coil, fastening; lykill key; ling [pliant] heather; Loki, Loptr 
 Loki (airy-arch) arch of northern-light; flickering, freezing, faithless; 
 allied with gods in appearance but with giants (night, ice, destruction) 
 in nature ; son of Laufey (sword-blade ; but cf . p . 1 2 8) ; rok, rokkr darkness, 
 
 twilight; Ger. links to the left; lenken to turn; Ge-lenklivah. Lith. 
 
 lenkti to bend; linkti to bow; linkens hent rlink towards; lygus like; 
 lugnas pliant; lanka meadow (river-bend, campus); O. R. lenkan to 
 bend; lanku bow; lanka swamp; R. luk bow; lokot elbow; lokon curl; 
 luka saddle-bow, river-bend ; lug meadow ; luzha pond ; lukavit to be- 
 wilder, cheat ; slukat to yoke ; slukit to turn out, come to pass, end. 
 
 Ir. slechtaim to bend the knee; sliassit, less thigh, loin; /o^^oJ kneading- 
 trough; lesc [curled-up], lazy; lose cripple; loscan frog; less left hand; 
 less-ainm (Bret, les-hanii) nickname; less ring-wall; lias sheep-fold; 
 loch pool, lake, water; Loch-lind \jiord water], Norway; loch full to 
 biim, all, quite; locht sin (distorted) ; Liig [melting with log fire; lani 
 to flash] = Ao^Ja?, revolving sun-god; luge oath (by all-seeing sun); 
 [Lug-for-abann^ luchrupdn gleam on water, dancing sprite; Com. 
 [Lis-ard], Lizard (high-fort) ; Bret. Us circular enclosure, lists, lisike; 
 Hz, Uz court-yard, court; lestr (Ir. lestar) [circular] vessel, coracle, 
 boat; lost .(Ir. loss) tail (twisted); lez, lagen (Cor. lagan) pool, puddle; 
 leihein meadow; leih moist; lei pond; O. C. Logana, Logetius; Lug-aid 
 (a"9w); Lugu-dunum; Lissos, 'AxpoXicso? ; 0-lis-ipo[n] fort of Epona 
 (cf. 0-porto) ; Lister; O. W. [liq], lip like; O. C. Ande-lipa, Lippo. 
 
 Sk. riksh to seek to kill; rif, risk to wound, kill; rak to [grip], taste; 
 ran^ [to draw blood], redden, injure, kill; rakshas demon. Gk. 
 
— 133 — 
 
 foJaao), iipc{(j(j(i) (ipd^a, i intens.) to strike, dash in pieces, curse; ^i^aacD, 
 pi^yviJuc (melt with vragU) to rend, tear; Xmiq rent; pdxoi; rag; pdt^ 
 (paY(5c;; torn off) grape; venomous spider [pouncer]; paxi^S [tearing] 
 thorn-bush; pi^X'? back-bone [of animal, gripped by wild beast; cf. 
 SIpu, Sstpi^, dorsum]; po^^ft^u to cut in two at a stroke; pa/fa breakers, 
 beach; dpaxvi?, dpaxvY) spider (beast of prey); Xa^afvu to dig, mine; 
 
 XA^eto? tilled by hand ; Xctxvi] wool (plucked) ; [XcJ^ioe], Xdcioi; woolly. 
 
 Lat. lacero to claw, tear; la[c]nio to butcher; la[c]mia goblin (rakshas); 
 lacesso to assail, harm, revile; ld[c]na wool; ld[c]mentari to tear the 
 hair, lament? ld[c]mina splinter, thin scale; lacerta lizard (torn-throat; 
 breathing-holes) ; a muscle (playing round arm; cf. musculus) ; racemus 
 cluster (plucked); ramus branch; r amentum shaving; ramex varicose 
 
 vein. Goth, slahan to strike, slay (v. p. 126) ; O.N. liosta to strike, 
 
 thrust; lesta to injure. R. rak crab (dtpdtxvY)). Bret, lahein to kill; 
 
 Idhereh carnage; rahein to scrape, peel, gnaw; 0. C. Lacavos Mars; 
 Laha (goddess) ; Laco ; Lac-omon {omun awful) . 
 
 Sk. lunk to pluck; [forms luns, lun\; lit (lundmi, caus. lavaydmi) 
 to cut off, cut to pieces; lavas fragment; lavitram sickle; ru to be 
 
 angry, kill. Gk. (iico-Xouije[xevai to mutilate (Hesych.); Xiico to tear, 
 
 rip off, undo, ruin, destroy, [snatch from foe], loose, free, deliver, 
 ransom; xorca-Xiio) to destroy, break up, dissolve, annul; icapa-XiJu to 
 strip one side, paralyze; Auaio? Bacchus, freer; [Xti)f(4o[Aai], Xw^ctotiat to 
 mutilate, pillage, outrage, insult; Xu[i.afvo(jiat to outrage, injure; strip, 
 wash off; Xii^Jiif) maiming, ruin; puoii.at to snatch away, deliver, set free 
 
 (melts with /rlpiiu). Lat. re-luo to release ; {sva-luo, seluo], solvo to set 
 
 by one's self, free, relax, melt, dissolve; luo to atone, redeem, release, 
 pay; Ities plague, destruction; di-ruo to tear down; ruo to be hurled 
 
 down; rulna destruction. Goth, lausyan to loosen, undo, destroy, 
 
 deliver, demand [ransom]; laus empty, void, annulled; fra-liusan to 
 destroy, annihilate ; /ra-/M5i5 ruin; lun ransom; us-lauseins redemption; 
 [riusyan], riuryan to destroy; riurs perishable; O. N. losa, lota to 
 loosen. R. lomat, lomit to break, crush, exhaust; lomovik pack- 
 horse, hack; lomota rheumatism; lomot a slice; lom fragments; 
 
 runo wool. Ir. Id flock of wool; lomm stripped of bark, naked; 
 
 Bret, lauskein to loosen; lasius weak. 
 
 Sk. lil to tear to pieces, cut to pieces; ru to slay; lavas fragment. 
 
 Gk. [Xa/raq], Xaaq, Xsij? hurling stone, stone; Xeiw to hurl stones; 
 
 XsuffTiQp stone-slinger; XatSpd? bold; [Xs/rioq], Xsloq [chipped, chiselled], 
 smooth, [flint tool]; Xetafvw, XekSu to smooth, erase, grind; [Xe^tpos], 
 Xeupd? leveled (of earth); polished. Lat. levis smooth; levare. 
 
— 134 — 
 
 levigare to smooth; [levira], lira furrow. R. ravnyat to level, even; 
 
 ravneniy alignment (of furrows); ravnina plain; rovn[v]iy level, 
 
 even; rov [furrow], ditch. Ir. roe, roi level field, plain; lia stone, 
 
 whet-stone, poHshed flint; cush-la jewel. 
 
 Sk. lu to [wrench, twist, twist ofE], cut off. Gk. Xatfd? [twisted 
 
 to] left; Hesych. [Xa/r/riSto?], XaEStos, XatSpd? left; Xai§a shield (left- 
 hand). Lat. laevus. O. R. leivu, R. lein^vliy left-hand. 
 
 Sk. lu to [wrench, strip off, wash off (cf. kshur to scratch; kshar, 
 
 kshal to wash)]. Arm. loganam to bathe. Gk. [Xo/rew], Xoiu to 
 
 wash the body, bathe; [Xo/rsipov], XouTpdv bath; XijOpov defilement; Xuiia 
 
 wash-water. Lat. al-luo to wash along; di-luo to add double water, 
 
 dilute (dvi) ; pol-luo {'Kepi) to smear, pollute ; pol-lu-brum wash-tub; [xep(, 
 lev-is], pelvis basin; lutum clay; lUteus ochre, yellow; lustrum puri- 
 fication, atonement; lavere, lavare to wash. O. N. Ida to wash 
 
 away; laudhr soap; Eng. Low Sunday (purified). Ir. Id water; 
 
 loth mire; lathach swamp; lothor (Bret, louazr) channel; Bret, louein 
 to suppurate, ooze; louedraold.; lous filthy; O.C Lavatrae; Lautra(^ 
 rivers); Lovo-lautrum; Lutra (river). 
 
 Sk. likh to scrape, scratch (v. p. 126); [forms link, lig]; rig, rug 
 to wound, hurt; lig to be [scraped down] small; legas small, a bit; 
 
 ling to [graze, draw blood], paint. Gk. Xfl^w to scrape, graze; 
 
 dXfyo? small, little, scanty, few (d euphon.; comp., superl. dXc'i^wv, 
 dXiyoaxd?) ; XfySo? mortar (pxilverizer) ; lye (reducing to rags) ; crucible 
 (reducing); Xtju^d?, Xcxvov winno wing- fan ; [Xt^o?], Xtaad? [chipped, 
 worn] smooth; XEaxpov [smoother], shovel; Xt[x]Tdi; smooth, little; 
 
 pt[x]vr) file, rasp; pivd? [stripped] hide (cf. Sepw, Slpo?). Lat. 
 
 sol-licitare to thoroughly [pluck], vex, worry; elixus boiled to rags; 
 
 lixivium lye; ligo [clod-chopper], mattock. A. S. laeg, leak, 0. H. G. 
 
 louga lye; 0. N. lauga to bathe; Ger. schlicht smooth. R. likhd 
 
 thievish, nimble, avaricious, exhausting; O. Pruss. laygnan jaw 
 
 [grinding]. Ir. lecco jaw; lecdn pebble ; lee [chipped, smoothed] stone, 
 
 flint, precious stone; liacdn pillar [liac-vanna]; crom-lech arched stones; 
 Bret, lech grave-stone; raker, rep6r levelled place, esplanade. 
 
 Sk. likh, rig, lig to scrape, be scraped, pluck, hurt; rik {rinaHmi, 
 rinke) to pluck away, separate, tear from foe, set free, tear away, leave 
 [part] behind; (passive) to be free, go beyond, excel; vi-rik to strip out, 
 dash out, empty, pour, cacare; rah to leave, desert; rahitas, reHitas 
 
 abandoned, alone. Zd. rik to abandon; to pour out. Gk. Idta, 
 
 Xitixdvu, [Xivfivw] to leave, desert, fail, be missing; XsiixiAa, Xedpavov 
 
— 135 — 
 
 remnant; Xoixiv the remnant, the future; [Xotf9oi;], XoToGo? last; 
 
 [Xifj/wiASv], X{(j(j(oii.ev let us permit (Hesych.)- Lat. linquo, relinquo 
 
 to leave; reliquum the remainder; licet it is free, a freeman's right, 
 lawful; (cf. 'i^saxi it is left, left free, permitted); liquet it [remains] 
 evident, clear; liceri to [go beyond, excel], bid at auction; poUiceor 
 (^erintens.) to promise; liquidus liquid; liquor fluid; Licinius dashing, 
 
 eloquent. Goth, leihvan to leave with another, lend (licet); A. S. 
 
 laefan, O. N. leifa, 0. H. G. lipan, bi-liban, Dan. levne, Sw. lemna 
 (XtiJixAvw) to leave; A. S. ISfan, lyfan, O. N. leyfa, O. H. G. laubyan, 
 ar-laubyan to give leave, permit {licet) ; Goth, af-lifnan to be left over, 
 remain; bi-laibyan to leave over, be left over, remain; laubyan, 
 ga-laubyan to promise iealty (polliceor),he loyal, believe ; Ger. Gelubde 
 
 vow; O. N. logr liquid, water, sea (cf. vi-rik; liquor). Lith. leiku 
 
 (inf. likti) to leave; be left, remain; leikas left over; R. lishat to strip; 
 raz-likat to separate, distinguish; reika river (dashing; liquidus); reiU 
 decisive word, sentence (dashing out, polliceor) ; reishat to decide, 
 
 pronounce sentence; m5/fmo5i audacity; reishetina laXh (strip). 'Ir. 
 
 IScim to leave, let loose, set free, abandon; ro-leiced it is allowed; do- 
 Ucim to let fly, throw; passive to be left over, left to another's choice, 
 be set free; recne a dashing, hasty act, a poem; Bret, lehennour charla- 
 tan, vender {liceri, polliceri); Uhenen kidney (pouring); leihein to 
 wet; rehin pouring rain, torrent; O. C. Licca, Llcas the Lech (mountain 
 river) ; Vinde-lici brilliant dashers ; Licates (Vindelican tribe) ; Liccdvus, 
 Liccus; Licos (Norican river) ; Lico-rix, Licnos. 
 
 Sk. ranh, rang, rangh to go, speed, race round; rangas circus, 
 dancing- ring ; raksh to make the rgunds, guard, protect; rakshakas 
 watchman, guard; rakshanas protection; laksh to watch, observe, aim; 
 riksh to pounce, [seize]; rik to [grip], unite; rik, ri^ to [envelop], 
 cover; rdkh, lakh, to [wreathe], adorn; [wring out], dry; (melting with 
 
 vrish, vriksh to wring, encircle); argalas bolt, bar. Gk. dpxsu to 
 
 ward off, be strong; to [encircle, contain], suffice, content ; dX^^co to ward 
 off, content, protect, reward; dXaXxetv to ward off; aXxap, Spxo? safe- 
 guard, defence ; dX/,if5 might, defence, aid ; «pxioq reliable, sure, sufficient ; 
 fipxu? hunter's net, toils; SXxy) elk (butting off, strong); apjiTo? [en- 
 circling watchman of] pole; 'ApxdBe? watchmen of mountain wall. 
 
 Lat. arceo to ward off; arx ring- wall, citadel; arcera wagon- top; 
 arcus arch, bow; ex-erceo to bend bow, use all one's force, aim well, 
 train; exerciius army; area chest, safe-box; arcanus secret, mystic 
 (within temple enclosure) ; alces elk (wary) ; alacer watchful, nimble? 
 alc-edo kingfisher (eager-flash, a'i6w; aX-xu(ov= nesting on the water). 
 Goth, alhs temple, enclosure; rohsns court-yard; A. S. ealh-stede 
 
— 136 — 
 
 fortified house, grange; ealgian to protect; 0. H. G. elaho, 0. N. elgr 
 
 elk. Lith rakinti to enclose, shut in; R. raka coffer, reliquary; rok 
 
 fate; ar/feaw lasso. Ir. [do-imm-arcim], iimmarcim to crowd together, 
 
 imprison ; i-t-imm-aircnib in the prisons ; do-m-ess-urc-sa I defend myself; 
 tessarcon deliverance; ail[c] (gen. ailech) cUfI, defence (cf. oxdiceXo?); 
 Bret. alhuS key? O. C. AHxia, Alesia, Aliso (forts); Elico; Alco port; 
 Olicios mountain; alca enclosed, arable land; alee reindeer (on guard); 
 Elceso, Elesius, Alicius; Arco-briga. 
 
 Sk. rangh to race round, flash round; lan^ to shine; ra^, re| to 
 shine; rangas tin; ar^unas gleaming; arMs brightness, flame; ark to 
 
 bum; raiatas white; ra^atam silver. Gk. dpYo?, «pTil?, (ipyevvdi; 
 
 shining, bright, glistening, white; apyupoq silver; "Apyo? starry-sky, 
 
 thousand-eyed. Lat. argiw to make clear, explain; argutus clear, 
 
 keen (melts with ran^ to claw); argumentum clear logic; argentum 
 
 (Osc. aragetom) silver. Goth, airkns (O. H. G. erchan) genuine, 
 
 pure, holy; A. S. Earconbrecht; Ug, lyg flame; O. H. G. hug flame. 
 
 R. yarkiy brilliant {ya euphonic). 0. C. Argento-coxus silver- 
 foot; Argento-rate silver- wheel (symbol of day and night) ; Argantonius; 
 Ir. Airget-lamh silver-hand; TaZ-arg white-brow; W. ariant silver; Bret. 
 rajereh glancing, ogling; lagad flashing eye, glance, gleam (v. p. 128). 
 
 Sk. laksh to watch, glance round, aim; lakshyas target; Lakshmi 
 luck; lag, las to sport, flash; ragmis ray of light; [forms laksh, lavaksh], 
 lok, (lokaie) to shine, glance, see, speak out; loH to shine, see, speak, 
 think [quickly]; loHanam eye; ruH {roke) to shine, flash, rejoice, please; 
 caus. rokayami to desire, seek, acquire; rugant red, splendid; rukmas 
 
 gold; ruUis desire; n^ to praise. Zd. ruU to shine; raokskna shining. 
 
 Arm. lusin moon. Gk. Xsijaao to look, gaze, behold; Xsuxi? 
 
 white, brilliant, clear; Xuxo-^u;, i^(fi-X'j%-q twilight, gloaming, ailbe; 
 Xuxd-^aq sun's march, year (p. 131); Auxa-^irjTTdi; (standing east of 
 Athens it marked the sun's daily point of rising) ; Xuxvo? lamp, light; 
 
 Xuxvf? ruby, red flower; Xouvd? brilliant (Hesych.). Lat. Bceo 
 
 to shine; lux light; lu[c]men light-giver; Lucina, luna moon; liicidus 
 bright; di-luculum twilight {dvi); lucrum, lucellum gain; Juppiter 
 Lucesius sender of lightning; lucus sacred spot where lightning has 
 fallen and no trees are felled ; grove ; [illuxtris], illustris brilliant ; lucerm 
 
 lantern; loquor to speak; liquet it is clear. Goth, liuhtyan to shine; 
 
 liuhath (0. H. G. Uoht) Hght; laukmSnilightTdng; A. S. Ie6[k]ina glory; 
 leomian to gleam, loom up; lioxan, lixan to shine; IScian to glance, 
 look; 0. N. lyds light, torch; lysa to lighten, shine; Ger. lohen to glow. 
 0. R. lu^a moon, ray; luki light; lilna moon; R. luHshiy better? 
 
— 137 — 
 
 losMit to polish; losk lustre; Lith. laukas white, pale. Ir. loscim 
 
 to burn; less, leos light; Idcharn lantern (varn, fern shield); luach-te 
 white hot {ti hot); ldche[t] (Cor., Bret, luhet) lightning; richess flame, 
 hot coal (rafrnis); W. llug light; Bret, luchein, luihein to shine; 
 hskadur blaze; ligern, lugern splendor; lukan window (lucarne); 
 regein to lighten; O. C. Leuci; Leuci-mara (very fair); Leuc-opibia; 
 LeucuU-osos Mars (flashing, high); Lucio; Luco-tecia, Lutetia (flashing- 
 beauty, W. tec, dec beautiful; cf. Lucu-deca and luach-te). 
 
 Sk. riH to praise; ark to blaze; arU to worship; arkas sun, ray; 
 
 arHs glory. Gk. 'HXIx-rup sun; 'HXexTpuwv sun-sender, dawn, 
 
 putative father of Heracles; fjXsxTpov [solid sun-beams], amber; 
 'HXsxTpa evening-star; sister of Iphigenia the morning-star whom 
 their father Agamemnon sacrifices to secure the march of the solar 
 forces; she delivers her brother 'OpIaTigq (watchman of horizon) a 
 morning-star who has slain his mother Clytemnestra the night; 
 he is also twinned with HuXdcSY)? (gate of Hades) another evening star. 
 R. yarkiy brilliant. O. C. Alco-vindos shining white? 
 
 Sk. raksh to guard, be vigilant; laksh to glance; rigas, rigyas, rish- 
 yas watchful antelope; riksh to desire to kill, be eager; irksh to glance; 
 irkshy, irshy (pref. yd intens.) to [flash the eyes, look askance], envy; 
 
 irshd, irskyd envy. Gk. Vopxos gazelle (bright-eyed, cf. Ssp>io(xat^ 
 
 8opx,(i(;). Lat. [jurkium], jurgium a quarrel; (hircus goat, and Sab. 
 
 fircus, are attracted by hrish to bristle). O. N. iarki heel, kick, 
 
 sole of foot, edge of hoof, (Eng. jerk); ilska fierceness; illr ill, evil; 
 
 lalkr Odin (storm-wind); elker tempest; elska to desire, love. R. 
 
 iorkii nimble; iorknut to plunge. Ir. iur\c\tadh to gore, hurt; 
 
 elscoth desire; W. iurch (Bret, iorh) roe-buck; Com. yorch goat; O. C. 
 lurca, Ircavium, Elusconius. 
 
 Sk. ri to go eagerly, fly up; caus. arpayitum to send, hurl, whirl, 
 employ; to [drive spear home], pierce, fasten, put, send free, deliver; 
 ([vrip to hurl, whirl]; srip to coil, crawl, move); arpanas [hurling to 
 place], offering, delivery, giving, returning; ribhus [aiming, rounding, 
 shaping well], skilful, designing, artist; ribhus [swift, revolving, 
 creative], god; primitive nature and night gods, slain by Indra the 
 sun ; pari-rabh to encircle, embrace ; sam-rabh to whirl, confuse ; d-rabh, 
 rabk to grasp, receive, undertake, begin; labh to grasp, attain, conceive 
 child; to desire; d-labh to grasp, attack, slay; upa-labh to comprehend; 
 lamb to hurl down, fall, set [of sun]; d-lamb to grasp, stay, delay. 
 
— 138 — 
 
 hold up, prop, lift; riph, rimph, riph, rimph to hurl, whirl, boast, 
 vex, kill; rup to be whirled, confused; rup to whirl, gesticulate, round, 
 mold, shape; lup to whirl, confuse, ruin, wrench, tear, burst; lup 
 to kill, rob; lubh, lumb to whirl, confuse, vex; lubh [to be eager for 
 prey], to desire, long for; caus. to lure, entice, rouse anger; Lobhas 
 eagerness, desire; labh to [hurl], send; arb to go, hurl, hurt, kill; 
 raph, ramph to [whirl, shoot], speed, kill; rambh, rebh to hurtle, sound. 
 
 Sk. rabh, a-rabh, (rabhe, arambh; p. p. drabdhas) to grasp, under- 
 take, receive, begin; sam-rabh to whirl, confuse; pari-rabh to embrace; 
 
 ribhus skilful. Gk. dXfpdvw to earn, bring in, gain; aX9if)(i.a wages; 
 
 aXipiTov ground com, meal; ikX<f6<; [mealy, snowy], white. Lat. 
 
 labos (laboris) toil; laboro to work; robur hardened muscle, strength, 
 oak; robustus strong; arbor tree (force); arbustum wild growth, bush, 
 whorl; albus (Umbr. alfu, Sabine alpus) white; orbis wheel; orhita 
 rut; urbs ring- wall, town; arbutus globe-fruit (cf. xdjiapo?, 8a); Or- 
 
 bilius laborious. Goth, arbaiths (O. H. G. arabeit) labor; arbaidyan 
 
 to work. Boh. raboti, R. rabotat to work; O. R. rabota work; rabu 
 
 servant. Ir. airbe hedge, enclosure; Bret. arboSl thrift, economy.? 
 
 0. C. arepennis plowland, a jugerum (a^^aMoy delivery of possession); 
 Arepo possessor, farmer; Orbis, Orbicus [circling] rivers; Orbio-talus 
 whirling axe; Arborius, Arbonius laborer; Albion white-land (Dover 
 cliffs); Albis (the Aube); Albiorix; Alpes white [snow] mountains; 
 cf. Sabine alpus white; Sk. alpas [ground] small. 
 
 Sk. rabh to undertake, begin, embrace; labh to conceive a child; 
 
 arbhas, arbhakas [foetus], offspring, child, cub. Arm. orb orphan. 
 
 Gk. (iptpavo? [a posthumous child], an orphan, fatherless; dpipavte 
 
 desolation. Lat. orbus desolate, without kin; orbare to leave 
 
 desolate; orbitas; Orbona; arbiter [divider of inheritance], umpire, 
 
 daysman. Goth., O. H. G. arbya heir; arbi inheritance; 0. N. ari, 
 
 A. S. yrfe heir; Goth, lamb, O. H. G. lamp [new-bom] lamb. R 
 
 rebenok baby, child. Ir. orbe heir, inheritance, inherited farm; 
 
 com-arbe fellow-heir; ro-erbad it was entrusted. 
 
 Sk. rabh to grasp, undertake; labh {labhate, lapsye) to grasp, attain, 
 conceive; caus. lambhaydmi to cause to take, give, [feed]; desid. lipse 
 to desire to attain; d-labh to touch, [grip, choke], kill; up-d-labh to 
 attain, [pluck], revile; sam-a-labh to touch, stroke, rub; pra-labh to 
 cheat, injure; upa-labh to conceive, understand; abhi-labh to lift up; 
 Idbhas attainment, gain, wealth; ava-lamb to prop, lift up; lambas 
 pregnant, swollen, large. Gk. Xa(jipdvo) to grasp, take, seize, carry 
 
— 139 — 
 
 oflE, catch, overtake, detect, perceive, understand, reckon; ei\a^io\i.at 
 to take a chance, watch for it; be cautious; Xa^i^, Xa^f? handle, forceps; 
 Xo^dq lobe, pod (cf . legumen) ; Xi^po? greedy (melts with X<xf) ; XdxTCi) 
 to gulp {lapsye, lipse) ; Xodpiffou to devour; Xiipupa spoils, booty; Xd\i.iix, 
 Xd^va ghoul; Xat[ji6q gullet; XaiAuptS? greedy, bottomless; Xctix^ai chasms; 
 Xfxi;o[i.at (lipse) to desire, be eager; X'^jjujia acquisition, income, assump- 
 tion; X690S, Xofti scrufiE of animal's neck (gripped by wild beast, cf. 
 pdxi?, Beipi^), ridge, crest, mane; X(o§aoii.*t to [grip, worry], maltreat, 
 injure; Xuipdw to [take yoke from neck], lighten, ease, rest; pct^xfoi; beak 
 (tearing) ; pdtTCTw to [grip, claw, use awl, couple, cobble], lace, stitch, sew 
 (originally leather- work) ; paipJ? needle; (id\j.\).a, paqjij seam; poiKpsu? 
 thread ; potpo? thorn-bush (catcher, whorl) ; OtiXunxos lofty {ava-lamb, 
 
 lambas). Lat. lambo to lick eagerly, bum, consume; labium lip; 
 
 labrum lip, brim, bowl; lab-urnus water-drinker (urna) ; lab-rusca [grip- 
 bark], wild- vine (p. 125) ;/Mm&ricM5 devouring worm; /mot6m5 loin (lambas 
 
 rounded) ; rabies open-mouth, rage [melts with rap) ; rabidus. 0. N. 
 
 lepya to devour; A. S. lappian to lap; lippa lip; laeppa a wrap, fold, 
 circle; Idma possession, tool, loom; O. H. G. laffan to lap; leffil (O. N. 
 lepil) spoon ; lefsa lip ; Eng. lump handful ; O. N. lypta to lift (ava-lamb) ; 
 lypting deck; leiptr heaven; lopt upper-story, loft; air; Lo^ir = Loki. 
 northern-light; O. H. G. lufian to lift; Goth, luftus, A. S. lyft air; 
 A. S., 0. N. lif, Goth, libains life (Zi^5, held fast, dear) ; O. H. G. Up 
 life, body; 0. N. Hf shield; Itfa, A. S. Hfian, libban to live; Goth.-/if 
 
 [folded hands], ten; tva- lif twelve. Lith. lupa lip; ramtis prop; lobis 
 
 possession; labas good; O. Pruss, labbas possession; labs good; pal- 
 laipsitwei to desire; R.lobzat to kiss; lob [rounded] forehead ; r[v]iba fish 
 
 (caught) ; lopatka saucer, spoon. Ir. lebend propped scaffold, deck, 
 
 surface of sea (O. N. lypting) ; [co-lab], colb pillar; leb-laing he leaped up ; 
 lebor long [reach]; Bret, lipad, limpad to lick, taste. 
 
 Sk. labh (laps) to grasp; lips to desire to attain; sam-d-labh to grasp 
 touch, rub; lip (limpdmi Ved. rip), to rub with fat, anoint with oil, 
 
 grease, pollute; ava-liptas proud; lepas, lepanam ointment. Gk. 
 
 Xka, X£xo? fat, lard, ointment, oil; Xixapd? oily, sleek, prosperous, 
 brilliant; Xticapi^? [sticky, sticking to], importunate, persistent; dtXsfipw 
 to rub down, anoint, oil (& intens.); dtXewTi]? trainer; Xfijj desire; 
 [melting, flowing] stream; libation; Xtpspvlw to make love (Hesych.); 
 Xfil» south-west wind (rain-bearer); [dXttpSdvu], dXtaeavu to slip (cf. 
 SXia^os); Xoi^i] libation; Xi^d? trickling stream; Aetp.ijvo? Bacchus 
 (olvo?); Xf^o? tears, oil-cake; XI^t)? bronze bowl (melted, cast); 
 Xtpp(i<; wet, gloomy; Xef^Tiepov marsh, Xsiiiuv meadow; Xffjivirj salt-marsh, 
 lagoon, pool; Xiijnqv creek, harbor; Xt[i.(5<; [pining], desire, hunger; 
 
— 140 — 
 
 Xi^[j,t) rheum, tear; XriiAaw to have sore eyes. Lat. libare to offer 
 
 libation; de-libutus moistened; lubricus slippery; lippus trickling; 
 weeping, blear-eyed; Libitina [wasting, pining] goddess of death; 
 limpidus [dropping], transparent, clear; libum oil-cake; limus chy, 
 
 slime; Liber Bacchus (influenced by liber, free, Auaio?). 0. N. lifya 
 
 to heal, (anoint); O. H. G. ge-liberot clotted, congealed; Ubara liver 
 (glistening); Eng. b-lob a congealed drop, gout; blabber, blubber, 
 
 blabber; to rub, Ger. rieben; A.S., O.N. slim slime. Lith. limpu (inf. 
 
 lipti) to stick; lipus sticky; O. R. leipiti to glue; leipu bird-lime. 
 
 Ir. lobaim to melt, vanish ; Libann rain-goddess, associated with Fand 
 [vand\ water; lemnat mallow (swamp); lem elm; lemnackt milk, pap; 
 Bret, libourein to smear; limouz mire; O. C. Liboius, Libnius, Lupia 
 rivers; Lemanae Q^imv) harbor; Lemannos lake; Lem-ausum; Lemavi, 
 Lemonii, Lemo-vices (lake-dwellers?); Limonum; limeum arrow-poison; 
 Limaias=flumen oblivionis. 
 
 Sk. labh to grasp ; lips to desire ; lup, lup, lubh, lumb to hunt, whirl, 
 confuse, vex; lubk {lubhdmi, caus. lobhye) to [seek prey, to hunger], 
 be eager, desire; vi-lubh caus. to rouse to anger; to lure, entice; lubhdas 
 
 hunter, greedy, avaricious, desirous; lobhas desire. Gk. Xw^ao 
 
 to tear, injure; Xw^suw to shame, scorn. Lat. lubet, libet it pleases; 
 
 litndo desire, passion; pro-lubium wish; O.Lat. loebesus, Lat. liber free; 
 Osc.luvfreis free (gen.) ; Lat. libertas [dear] freedom, power to do one's 
 will ; (cf . pri, freuen, freien, frei) ; liberi one's children ; Libitina goddess 
 
 of destruction, death? Goth, litibs, 0. H. G. Hup dear; A. S. lidf 
 
 dear; lufian to love. O. R. lyubiti to love; lyubu dear; lyuby love; 
 
 R. lobzat to kiss. Ir. co-lba love, friendship ; coWthach [wanton] heifer. 
 
 Sk. riph, rimph to hurl; lamb to grip, [shake], hurl down, fall, rush 
 
 down, set [of sun]; labh to hurl, send; rambh, rebh to hurtle, sound. 
 
 Gk. petJi§fc) to whirl, roam; poiJi^o?, puiii§o? whorl, top, wheel; f(i!§Boi; 
 staff, rod, brindle; pai^du to crook, bend; poI^So? hurtling, whizzing, 
 din; dpa^lw to clatter, clash (i. intens.; p. 117) ; "OXuixito; thunder peak; 
 
 sunset crown. Lat. labo to totter; labasco to totter, fail; labari to 
 
 slip, fall; lapsus fall; Idbes splash. 0. N. rif, A. S. rib [curved] rib 
 
 (of animal, ship]; O. N. I6mi destruction. R. rubit to fell, cut down, 
 
 hack, sabre; rebro rim, brim; robeit to [whirl, tremble], fear. Ir. 
 
 lobaim to fall, be ruined, perish; rubha hewing, cutting, felling; ruibm 
 [whirling] crowd; lance; reb-rad sport (ring-dance); ribar [whirled] 
 sieve; Bret, riblein to ramble; ribl brim; ribotat to chum. 
 
 Sk. riph, rimph to hurl, whirl ; ribhus good shot, accurate, workman; 
 
— 141 — 
 
 ribhus creative gods, shaping, speeding; prowling spirits of darkness, 
 
 slain by Indrathe sun; [albas], alpas [whirling, dwarfish], little. Gk. 
 
 IXe(pafpo;ji,at to bewitch, beguile by dreams; (Od. 19, 565 gives play 
 of words on IXIipa? ivory; Phoenician aleph-Punt elephant, ox of 
 Phut, Libya); IXaqjp^s [whirling], easy, nimble, light; "Eps^o? [circling, 
 dazing] darkness, Hades; Ips^evvd?, Ipepi?, dpyvfS?, dpfvato? dark, 
 black, gloomy; fSpipvYj darkness, night; 'Opfeiiq, twilight, calms all 
 nature by his enchantment (evening stillness; notes of birds; cf. 
 laxspa); his wife EipuSfxT) the evening star (far-aiming, darting, 
 cf. TriXlna/oq) is bitten by darkness-serpent; Orpheus leads her up 
 from Hades, but turns to look, and she fades (cf . Sk. ra^anl-mukham 
 mouth of night, twilight, i. e. evening song of birds; Lat. crepusculum 
 dawn, twitter); dpoipif] (whorl) conical roof of primitive hut; wagon- 
 cover; Iplcpu to thatch, roof, crown; '6X^ioq blessed by the ribhus, 
 fortunate, prosperous; 'AXcpstd? river-spirit, visits Hades in pursuit of 
 
 Arethusa. Lat. Albula, Albunea water-spirits. 0. Ger. Albis 
 
 Elbe; A. S. jZ/ demon {alpas); dlfeli; O. H. G. alp (gen. albes) elf; elbiz 
 
 swan, swan-maiden; O. N. elfr river. R. lebed swan. O. C. Arabo 
 
 river; Albia'henae nymphs (sen ancient, holy); Nid-alf a liver-god. 
 
 Sk. riph, rimph, riph, rimph, raph, ramph to whirl, hurl, boast 
 (jactare); to vex, kill; ripus enemy; rup to be whirled, confused; rup 
 to whirl, gesticulate, round, make, shape; lup (lumpdmi, caus. Idpaye 
 to whirl, confuse, ruin, wrench, tear, burst; lup to kill, rob; loptram 
 rapine; lopagas, Idpdkas jackal, fox; lubh, lumbh to whirl, confuse, vex. 
 
 Gk. p(xT(i) to hurl, cast discus, ball; hurl down; pixi^ flight of 
 
 javelin, blast, storm; pcxf? fire-fan; ESpixoi; tide-way; paxfl^o) to strike 
 with stick or palm; ^Ixw to be ready to fall, incline, sink, fall out, 
 chance (melts with vrip) ; pofiipaEa broad-sword ; ^oxaXov club ; pdxTpov 
 trigger; 'uxiiu to [wallow], be filthy; fwxo; [tossed round], small wares; 
 ptiip [twisted] brush-wood; pi<Sf hurdle, mat; XcfiAxu to flash round, 
 shine; Xaxotcco) to dash out, empty, pour; iXaxdl^o) to plunder, empty, 
 drain, exhaust (i intens.); AaxiOat clouds driven by Centaur winds; 
 drained of rain; XalXaij* squall, cloud-burst; XexfijW, Xoxfl^w to strip, 
 peel; Xep-r)pfs snake-skin; XIijl^o?, pod; Xex-ciSi; peeled, slender, light, 
 fine; Xuxlw to [whirl, wring], distress, pain; (JXcjxy)^ fox {lopdgas; 
 i intens.); Xuxfl^u to [whirl], wrap, cloak; Xuii-a edge, hem; XuiAafvotiat to 
 
 injure, outrage; XoxA? [rounded] dish, plate. Lat. rumpo to rend, 
 
 break, burst ; rilpes [jagged] cliff ; ripa bank ; rapio to snatch, whirl away ; 
 rubus bramble (^<i<}') ; lupus wolf (robber) ; lupinus lupine (blossom- 
 jaw; cf. R. volHan); alapa slap; lapis stone (hurled, cf. Ir.); lapidare 
 to hurl stones; lepidus [whirling], lively, merry, quick; lappa burdock 
 
— 142 — 
 
 [pelterwith burrs]; lepus joke; hare; limbus border; Uber [peeled] bark; 
 
 book; libro to [brandish], poise dart, weigh ; libra scale, pound. Goth. 
 
 laufs (A. S. lauf, ledf, 0. H. G. loub) leaf, foUage; (plucked, waving); 
 O. N. laufi swoTd-h\a.de; Lauf ey (quivering), mother of Loki the north- 
 ern-light; raufa to stab, bore ; rifa, riufa to rend, tear; rof breach; rifr 
 quick, generous (rapidus); rifta to hurl down; rift, ript wrap, sheet; 
 lim branch; limr limb; A. S. redf garment; rdp rope; redfian to rob, 
 reeve; rypan to np;npan to reap; limpan to fall out, happen; lemmian 
 to beat, injure, lame; lef weak, infirm; left hand; Goth, hfa palm of 
 hand; raupyan to pluck; bi-raubon to strip, rob, O. H. G. rifildn to 
 
 pluck, scratch, groove (ripple, to rifle) ; Eng. to hp, slap. Lith. lape 
 
 fox; lapukas young fox; R. lapa paw; lapta tennis; lopast blade of oar; 
 khlopat to clap the hands {kh = g = s); khlopok flockof wool; fe/'ii to peel; 
 r[v]iba fish (flapping) ; roptat to [pluck], grumble; lomat to break; Lith. 
 
 lepsna flame (flickering). Ir. rebaim to tear; rebrad sportiveness; 
 
 lo[p]mm stripped, peeled; Ionian rope ; la[p]aim to hurl, throw; la[p]-la!ip] 
 this time, that time; now, then; ld[p]thar disposition, inclination (psicu); 
 ld[p]thus fervor, heroism; Bret, lam leap, bound; O. W. rump claw; 
 W. rhwmp pick-axe, auger; O. C. Lappius, Lapponius, Upontii; 
 rumpotinus vine trained like spread fingers (claw) . 
 
 Sk. ri to go, whirl up ; riph to hurl ; srip, sarb to move ; [revolve, coil, 
 writhe, whirl away]; vi-srip to depart, be scattered, wander, fly, flow; 
 
 sarpas serpent. Gk. epxu (impf. sYpiiov), Ipuul^w to creep, crawl, 
 
 trickle, spread; Ipxstdv reptile; apxal^u to whirl away, tear away, 
 pounce; apuayT] pillage, booty; apxa-j-iQ rake, well-hook (grip); apm) 
 sicHe, hawk {falx, falco); dpxsSdvr) rope, noose (coiling); "Apxuiai = 
 whirlwinds; spxuXXo? creeping-thyme; pexu to steal softly (of sleep); 
 
 Sapx-i^Buv; [aptcpo?], aepicpo? [coiling] worm- wood {ik<^ivQiov) . Lat. serpo 
 
 to crawl, writhe ; 5'er^^w5 serpent ; re^o to crawl, steal ; reptilis; repente 
 [pouncing], suddenly; sar[p]mentum bundle, fagot; sarpo to cut with 
 
 hook. Goth, sliupan, A. S. slipan, O. H. G. sliofan to crawl, creep, 
 
 slip {sarb) ; Goth, sleps sleep (stealing upon one) ; 0. H. G. sleffai 
 
 sHppery; sltfan to whet. 0. R. srupu sickle. Ir. slipre wattles 
 
 (pliant) . 
 
 Sk. [vrip, vriph, to whirl, hurl, strike]. Gk. [fpageus], PpaPeii? 
 
 [dashing, decisive], umpire ; ppa^eiiw to umpire, direct ; §Xsxa) to glance 
 
 round; ^Xdipapov eyelid. 'La.t. verber stroke, blow. Goth, vairpan, 
 
 O. H. G. werfan to hurl, throw; A. S. veorpan to hurl, twist, varp] 
 vearp warp in loom; a rope. 
 
— 143 — 
 
 Sk. riph to [whirl, aim; attain]; sribh, sribh, srimbh, to [pounce, 
 
 devour], tear, kill. Gk. poflu to swallow greedily; gulp, drain; 
 
 p6(pif)yL«, ^6[i.\i.ix gruel; pi(pavos cabbage (tid-bit); pafavi's radish; 
 pdixu? turnip; aupipstiS.s sweepings, litter, crowd (riph to whirl); crup^Y] 
 mob; alpfo?, ffipfoi; mosquito (blood-sucker); cepdxiov syrup; ffspaitias, 
 
 aiXiptov savory herbs; a(xkd\).^-ri smoke-draught, chimney. Lat. 
 
 sorbeo, ab-sorbeo to swallow, drain; sorbus aromatic berry; sulfur keen- 
 scented, choking. Eng. to slabber, slobber (eat like an animal), Ger. 
 
 schlabbern. Lith. srebiu, surbiu to swallow greedily; sriuba broth; 
 
 surbelis leech; R. [slebat, glebat], khlebat to eat; khleib bread; khrabriy 
 eager, rapacious, valiant; O. R. srebro, R. serebro silver (object of 
 desire, cf. aveo, avarus, aurum) ; Goth, silubr, 0. N. silfr are borrowed? 
 
 Lith. sidabras influenced by ]/svid to melt, glow. Ir. srub snout; 
 
 sruban a lunch; sliab mountain (cf. v^cjo?, Mu>i(itXY), Fore-ness); cerb 
 silver {gribh). 
 
 Sk. sribh, srimbh to [pounce, devour]; srambh, grambh to [pounce, 
 gape with open mouth], be bold, confident; sranh to be confident; 
 srans to plunge, fall, be broken, hang down; grambh, gram to [pant], 
 
 be exhausted, rest. Gk. %^&^<^-t\ cabbage (cf. ^dcpavo?, above) ; %^i\f.'^oc, 
 
 open-mouthed laughter. A. S. sluma slumber; O. N. slyma to be 
 
 at ease, confident; harmr harm. R. khrabriy brave; sverbeit to gnaw. 
 
 Sk. sribh to [pounce, devour], tear, kill; ri, sri to go; sarb, garb, 
 karb, kharb, garb, gharb, to go, [seek, attain, devour]; sribh, sribh, 
 srimbh, garv, garb to hurt, kill; garabhas [devourer], locust, monster; 
 
 griffon; kalabhas young elephant. Gk. x,lp§epoq monster; xapago?, 
 
 spiny lobster, beetle; tJxoXdxsvSpa milliped; d;a>iaXa§(0Tir)?, aaXafAivSpa 
 lizards; axdXoiJ' [claw], point, sharp stake; daxdXa^o? owl; oxopxfoi; 
 
 scorpion, prickly fish; /aXexd? grievous, painful (kharb). Lat. crabro 
 
 hornet; scribo to [tear, scratch], write; scalpo to scratch; sculpo to 
 carve; culpa [stroke, injury], wrong (cf. pecco to grip, tear); scrofa 
 
 sow (scratching) ; scrupus fragment ; scrobs pit, saw-pit, saw-dust 
 
 A. S. scedfran to bite; cedrfan to carve; Eng. scruff; O. N. skarpr sharp, 
 
 hard ; skrUfa screw ; Sw. skrubba to scratch, scrub. R. skorb bitterness, 
 
 sorrow; khrebet scruff of neck, gripping-place; karbish hamster; 
 
 karabkatsya to scramble; tsarapat to scratch. Ir. crob fist; cerbaim 
 
 to cut; scrib a scratch, furrow, rut; scri[p]s to scrape, sweep, destroy; 
 Bret, krabisat to scratch; kraf point; kravel hoe; 0. C. Scarbantia, 
 Scarponna. 
 
 Sk. svrl to wound; [svarv], garv, garb to hurt, kill. Lat. acervus 
 
— 144 — 
 
 heap [of dirt; animals' scratchings, entrance of burrow]; acerbus bitter 
 
 [sverius], severus, serius stern, harsh, masterful. A. S. s4rian to tuts 
 
 sour. R. surov[v]ii stern, cruel. Ir. serb bitter; W. ckwerw, Com, 
 
 whero, Bret, hueru sour, bitter, severe, stern; O. C. Suvriacus, Sums. 
 
 Sk. ri to impel, hurl, fly; ritas [perfect circle], true, right; ritus 
 [revolving exactly], joint; time; month; ratnam [perfectly-globed] 
 pearl; ratkas wheel; chariot; hero; lata coiling vine; [ritus, rvitas, rut], 
 lut to revolve. A large family of roots in radh, rudh, rat, rut, ruth, 
 runth, lot lad lunth arise from this stock. They are closely intercon- 
 nected. 
 
 Sk. ri to impel, hurl ; rit to [race horses, whirl in curve], speed, rival, 
 command, shout in derision; ritas [right course], true, right; ritis road, 
 good luck; ritus returning season and month; time; revolving joint; 
 ratnam [perfectly globed] pearl; rathas wheel, chariot, hero; lata 
 coiling vine ; [randk], radh to round, shape, effect, bring to pass; a-radh, 
 abhi-rddh to [hand round, distribute portions], serve, honor, propitiate 
 deity; rad, ra to give; ratris, rdtram circling night; [ritus, rvitus], 
 
 lut, lUth, lud to whirl. Gk. Aotu, Atjtw circling seasons, nature; 
 
 mother of sun and moon; worshipped at /r'OpTuytot or Delos (cycling; 
 typified by return of quails in spring) ; Ai^Sa mother of the moon, and of 
 
 the morning and evening stars. Lat. [ri, re-se], rear to revolve in 
 
 mind, think; ratus thought out; ratio reason, reckoning, counting; 
 ritus duly [recurring ceremony]; irritus [idly], in vain; res thing (sub- 
 ject and object of action) ; ratis raft, boat (poled, impelled) ; irrito 
 to goad, provoke; rota wheel; roto to revolve; rotundus round; radius 
 
 spoke. Goth, raidyan to make ready, prepare, arrange, distribute, 
 
 appoint; ga-raidyan to direct, command; ga-raids ready; ratyan to 
 appoint; rathyan to reckon, calculate; rathyo number, account, ratio; 
 rasta mile-stone, rest; ga-redan to counsel; leithan (prefixes bi-, go- 
 hindar, ufar, uz) , to go ; lithus [revolving] limb ; Glied ; ful- liths full moon; 
 liudan, (O. H. G. liotan) to round out, broaden, swell; laudya form, 
 shape; 0. H. G. lenzo, lenzin [returning] spring; rad wheel; 0. N. 
 reidha to prepare, move, swing, develop, come to pass; ridha to whirl, 
 swing, twist, ride {rit) ; reidh wagon; radha to coimsel, rule; rand, rond 
 [round] rim, shield; rodh rim, boat, [arranged] row; rata to travel 
 [by sledge], slip, glide; lidha to travel, sail, set [of sun]; leidh a journey; 
 leidha to lead, guide; leita to seek; lidhr limb; lundr [swelling, round- 
 ing] tree, grove; lund [returning, recurring] custom, manner; lend 
 [rounding] loin; ladh, land land (renewing harvests); lenda estate; 
 
— 145 — 
 
 A. S. lidhan, slidhan to go swiftly, sail, slide, g-lide; raedan to guide 
 [horse], rule, direct; ridan to ride; rdd counsel; rdd, ladh road; rodor 
 
 vault of heaven. K.ladit to [curve accurately], adapt, adjust; ladnii 
 
 reasonable; s-leidit to follow; radi in consequence, by reason of; leito 
 [recurring] year, (AT)Tti), age; season; ladya, lodka boat (traveller); 
 radeit to take care of; rat, rota troop; ryad row; ryaditsya to arrange, 
 
 agree; Lith. ratas wheel. Ir. Idid rudder (curving, directing; the 
 
 root originates from the racing and dancing ring) ; l&idir strong [driver]; 
 lind boundary; period; pool; Ma, Idthe [circling] day; lod I went; 
 rande rim, zone, circle; rand, roind, rann allotted portion, share 
 (handed round); rath grace, favor, wage, stock of tenant; ring- wall, 
 fort; quarter of year; sam-rad summer; raith (W.rawd) [allotted home], 
 grave-yard, winter-quarters; rSde round plain; level; rethim to run; 
 roth wheel; riadaim to ride, drive, sail; rdt road; r6t-la {Ida day) re- 
 volving star; W. rwydd swift; 0. W. Rit-ychen Ox- ford; Bret, rid 
 revolution, course, current; stiren-rid planet; ridein to run, flow; rod 
 wheel ; rouden road ; rotein to roll ; read spoke ; redel wagon ; rannein to 
 distribute; land round plain; ladur tidal pool; O. C. ledo tides;kdana 
 recurring period; Ratu-magus, Roto-magus field of the fort; Roto- 
 vallum ring-wall; Rut-upiae {svop) swinging tides; cf. Euptxo?); 
 Epo-redia horse-race; Epo-redo-rix; Redones; reda wagon; Evi-randa 
 eternal portion (inheritance); Rando-satis sated with booty (Mars); 
 Ranti-fanus, Rannius; Ratis-vona, Ratisbona fair-home; Ratiaria, 
 Ratiaton; Ritius (racer), Ritona; Rhodanus swift current (rwydd); 
 Rodan-usia, Rod-oza swift water; Latonius (lucky day); Rotona 
 Diana (revolving) . 
 
 Sk. rit to race round, exult, shout; ritis right way; ritus re- 
 curring time, festival, rite; lut, luth to roll, whirl, toss; lat to sport, 
 be childish; lad to sport, toss, cast down, prostrate, [pass round], 
 attend to superior, serve, worship; radh to honor, propitiate, worship, 
 effect; ret to ask; land to lift up; rut, lut to be eager, flash out, speak; 
 
 lad to long for. Zd. rata sacrifice, offering. Gk. XaTpsuw to serve, 
 
 worship; X£T:o(i.ai, XfffffO(Jio(t to pray; Xittq prayer. Lat. ludo to sport; 
 
 laudo to praise; laetari to rejoice; laetus joyful; lito to worship. 
 
 Goth, litems entreaXj, prayer; avi-liud thanksgiving; O. N. liUta to bow 
 
 down, honor. R. ladosha applause with hand; ladon palm. Ir. 
 
 lith festival; ir-ladigur to obey superior; Bret, lid solemnity, holiday; 
 0. C. Litorius, Litu-genos. 
 
 Sk. same roots; lat to sport round, be boyish; latvd game; sparrow; 
 lad to sport, toss; lot lad to prattle, mock, put out the tongue; lad 
 
 10 
 
-146 — 
 
 to desire; land, lut to speak; lut to whirl; lunt to mock, scorn; rat 
 rath to speak; rat to howl (wild dogs round the camp) ; ret to speak, to 
 
 asik; rud to weep ; ran to shout, rejoice. Gk. XatSpo? bold, impudent; 
 
 XaffGr] mockery; XoiSoplw to revile; XaSa? young stag (wanton); 
 XaBpew to rush; Aaowv rushing, roaring stream; pai^w, pi;i;a) to snarl 
 (melts with ruksh); paoto? easy, nimble; paSt-oupyd? mischievous, 
 wanton; 'PaSi-navSo? [easy turn, swift descent, sunset]; the sunken sun 
 
 as lord of Hades (cf. Yama, p. 109; Ixlon, p. 109). Lat. latro robber 
 
 (prowling about camp) ; lud-ibrium jest (vibro) ; ludo to sport; laudo to 
 praise; latro to bark; laetus merry; rtdeo to laugh; rudis careless, igno- 
 rant; rudo to hum, whistle, bray. Goth, laihon to shout, hail, sum- 
 mon (einladen); [liutan to mock, imitate, feign]; liutei, /i/a hypocrisy; 
 liuthon to sing; yugga-lauths young folks, chief's train, merry-men 
 (melts with p. 124); rasda speech; razn [familiar] house, home; go- 
 razna neighbor (cf. god-stb gossip, good friend) ; rathiza easier; rodyan 
 to speak; hi-rodyan to grumble, revile; O. H. G. lizitdn to pretend; 
 M. H. G. litz whim; O. N. ladha to invite; laeti sounds, din, gestures; 
 lasta to revile; lostr reproach, fault; lyti shame; l&ta to speak, howl, 
 gesticulate; liodh tune, song; lydhr people, retinue; Ziwd/f maiden; rausn 
 generosity [of chief]; raust,r6dd voice; roedhi speech; ryta to grunt; A. S. 
 leddh song; Zedd people ; chief ; ledd, leddessla.d.,la.ss (joyful) ; laeved^po-pn- 
 lar,lay; r^oZnoise; r^otow to lament ; r^Zjoyful; O.H.G. Hut -people ;lwti 
 
 men, followers. 0. R. lyudu people; lyudiye men; R. liod people, 
 
 race; radost joy; rod easy; radenie eagerness; retivost zeal; rot mouth; 
 
 r[v]idat to sob; Lett, laudis folk, men; Lith. raudoyu to lament. Ir. 
 
 Ided song; Idth passion, hero; Idthar disposition, temptation; liithpy 
 longing ; liud accusation, plea in court (Bret. Hud) ; Had mention, speech, 
 song of bird ; luaddil motion of hands and feet ; rddim to speak, talk, 
 name; cless-rad feats in ring, games; reid easy, roithinche mirth; Bret. 
 letereh reproach ; randon pride ; O . C . Juppiter Ladicus (adored, chanted) ; 
 Laudo, Laudonius; Lotto, Lattius (hero); Ando-latis (fiery hero); 
 Ladusa, Ledus [dashing] rivers; a-lauda lark [ad intens.]. 
 
 Same roots ; Sk. radh (radhydmi) to hurl, strike, wound, kill ; apa-radh 
 to harm; randhram cavern, chasm; radio cleave, split; radanas tooth; 
 
 lad to hurl ; ruth luth, lunth, to smite, hurt, kill.ward ofE. Gk. IpeBu 
 
 (I euphon.) to stab with spear, thrust, fix stake, rest, lean upon, press 
 against; 'ipsia\i,(x prop, support; Ips6£i;w to [stab with goad], stir, goad, 
 stir up, enrage; Ipt? (SptBo?) strife, rivalry; iplq (ipfSo?) anger; drill 
 
 Lat. rado to [split], peel, shave; rodo to gnaw; rudis sword, foil! 
 
 rtidis (ruderis) hacked remnants, rubbish ; ridica vine-prop. Goth. 
 
— 147 — 
 
 leitils [chopped] little, short, small; O. N. laut chasm; Idtr creek; 
 sUta to slit; rista to scratch, engrave; rtsting rune-carving; rUa to 
 write ; rindill auger ; rodha to hew out ; leidhr hated, hostile (thrust out) ; 
 reidhi wrath ; ridha, reidha to swing, sling, hurl ; A. S. Iddh loathed, evil ; 
 raett, O. H. G. rata rat (rodo) ; Eng. to rot; ret; Ger. Rettig trimmings, 
 
 brushwood. R. liot[v]i fierce, cruel; ruda shaft, mine; r[v]it to dig; 
 
 r[v]itvina gorge. Ir. /odar prong, fork; letradhadking; rindaimto stab, 
 
 wound, engrave; rind, rend, point, scar, mark, star; keen; rinntaid 
 satirical; Bret, rust bitter, severe; O. C. Reddho-marus; Redsatus, 
 Ressatus spear-man; Ad-ress-icnos delivering by spear; Rind-acos 
 scarred, balafri. 
 
 Sk. same roots, lad to hurl, hurl down, throw away; rod, raud, 
 
 rdut to spurn; rudras thundering. Lat. laedo to injure ; il-lido to dash 
 
 against. Goth, letan, to cast out, cast away (dipilvai) ; to leave be- 
 hind, be careless; to allow, permit; and-letnan to let go, set sail;/ra'fe/aM 
 to permit, ior^ve; fra-lets freedman; O. N. Idta-z to be lost, perish; 
 Idt loss, death; Idta to yield, abandon, lose; iStta to [throw away], 
 lighten; liitr light; 0. H. G. Idzan to neglect, permit, suffer. 
 
 Sk. same roots; rudh to encircle, enclose, shut in besiege; rodhas 
 brim [of prairie pool], shore; rodas orbing heaven and earth; lud 
 to embrace, wrap, cover; luth, lut, to whirl, roll; rathas wheel; lot 
 to whirl, be merry; lad to toss [around]. — ^Gk. XatSo?, X^So? wrap, 
 
 light garment; 'ki&'Qa\f.an to [wrap one's self up], shrink, recoil. Lat. 
 
 hdix wrap, blanket; lentus pliant, tough; rete net?; lituus curved 
 
 stafE; litus curving shore. Goth, un-leds stripped, destitute of cover, 
 
 wretched, poor (A. S. un-laed; O. H. G. un-ldt); 0. N. leidha to [hide, 
 cover], bury? lind linden (string-bark, binder; cf. Bast, bass, binden); 
 lindi girSie; linni snake; linn-ormrLindwurm, coiling darkness-dragon; 
 linr pliant, gentle (lind, lindern); ridha to twist; reidhr nest; A. S. 
 
 lattu lath, rod, wand; rSd (0. H. G. rtiota) wand, rod. R. led ice 
 
 (covering, binding) ; lod[v]izhka instep ; lat[v\i cuirass. Ir. rond chain ; 
 
 ritan net; slat rod, withe; Bret, ridein to bend, fold, wrinkle; roued 
 net, bed-curtain, veil; lestr bowl; leton withering; louiadour confusion, 
 difficulty; O. C. ratis (Ir. raith, W. rhad, Bret, raten, raden) fern 
 (curled, spiral in spring) ; Ridatus. 
 
 Sk. same roots; Itid to wrap up, hide; lunth, runth to [coil one's 
 self up], be lazy, slow, lame; losht to roll together, heap; loshtas clod; 
 lunt, lund, runt, runth, rund to [wrap, unwrap, strip], steal; to snatch, 
 pillage, mock; lunt to strip, peel, plunder; rathaswheel. Gk. XovGocvm 
 
— 148 — 
 
 to lie hid; Xav9avo(Jiat to be hidden from one's self, forget; XaBpaio? 
 
 secret, furtive; M^"*] oblivion. Lat. lateo, latito to lie hid, lurk; 
 
 latro robber; lanterna [light-hider], lantern; lentus slow, tough, pliable. 
 
 Goth, lats slow, lazy, useless; latyan to delay, hinder; luton to cheat; 
 
 [ranth], rasta a mile-stone, rest; O.N. tor lazy; liotr twisted, disfigured; 
 lodhinn tangled; lodh lead (pliable, sluggish); A. S. rast rest, bed; 
 
 lead, M. H. G. I6t lead. R. lastoMka [thief], weasel; [rover], swallow 
 
 (^latro). Ir. lotte lump; slad, slat robbery; Bret, landreant lazy; 
 
 landren indolence. 
 
 Sk. same roots; luth, lut to roll, wallow, writhe, suffer; Zwrf to 
 whirl, stir, mix; lat to spin round, be merry; lud, luth, lunth, lunth, 
 ruth to whirl, hurl, shoot, kill; lot, lod to be dizzy, mad; losht to roll 
 
 together, heap. Gk. Mia^ a dashing, splashing; a beaver; ^afvu, 
 
 pavTil^w, paOdaffW, pal^w (IppdSaTat), to sprinkle, scatter; (melt with 
 &pai6q p. 119); paedfjicY^ drop, grain; paSio? easy; pdOo; a whirling, 
 rushing, dashing, tumult, confusion; ^'jQ\).6<; revolution, repeated 
 motion; time, rhythm, proportion; poSaviXu to spin; poSdvif] thread; 
 XdBupo? chick-pea (tendril) ; XfOo? quoit, hurl-stone, stone (cf. lapis). 
 
 Lat. latex plashing water, fountain, liquid; [lunstro], lustro to 
 
 sprinkle with holy water, purify; to roam round, circle; lustrum 
 a purification; period; lustra roaming grounds, haunts of game; Intra 
 otter (splasher) ; linter a trough, rounded canoe, dug-out (cf. Celtic); 
 lituus wand with spiral head; lens (lentis) lentil (stirred, squashed in 
 porridge) ; lens (lendis) louse (squashy; contrasted with crackling flea); 
 vino-lentus, somno-lentus dazed with wine, sleep; viru-lentus dazing 
 poison ; sanguino -lentus sprinkled with blood ; escu-lentusretreshmg food; 
 lentus gummy, adhesive ; lentiscus mastic (viscus) ; rudens, restis rope 
 
 [poBavT)]. Goth, leithus, O. N. lidhr intoxicant; Goth, af-slauthyan 
 
 to daze; ga-sleithyan to injure; 0. N. ludhr horn, ship; lund impulse, 
 character; lundr wild- wood, tree; raeddr terrified; riuida club; rydhya 
 to wrench out, empty; rid; A. S. ledhrian to tousle, rub with fat, 
 curry, lather; ledher (O. N. ledhr, 0. H. G. ledar) buckskin, leather; 
 
 O. N. ledhyo, O. H. G. letto mud. R. rtut quicksilver (splashing, 
 
 Xdra^) ; letat to fly; last barrel (hooped) ; rotozei rambler; rot [roaming] 
 
 band; reidkiy scattered, sparse; lodka boat. Ir. laith, lind beer 
 
 (intoxicating) ; lathach, loth mire (splashing) ; liiath Bret, ludu ashes 
 (whirling, cf. xtvlu, cinis; (yxiBo?) ; Ir. Uath, W. llwyd. Cor. loit, Bret. 
 loet [ash] gray; Ir. liiath swift, whirling; liid speed; lod, luid I went; I 
 Hta little finger (nimble); IMh force, joy; lud motion; luathaim to j 
 whirl, drive, chant praise; lot [shot], wound; loitim to harm; loithe 
 [dizziness], dumbness, stammering; lossat kneading-trough; hatha', 
 
— 149 — 
 
 lethr hide, leather; rout shot, cast, distance ; riiad force ; riiathar rush, on- 
 set; ruadan rye (bristling, whorl); riastraim to twist, distort; W. 
 rhwydd quick, fortunate; rhydd free; Bret, lost tail (whirling, sweep- 
 ing); lestr (Ir. lestar) tub, vessel, coracle, boat; letrein, lutrin, whirling 
 sprite, goblin; rotein to roll, wrap, deceive; ronten ripple; rust fierce, 
 terrible ; roustiU restive, passionate ; radein to smear, plaster; rod lime ; 
 O. C. Luttius, Lutto; [Lut-tecia], Lutecia, Lutetia joyful, sweeping 
 current); (or Lucotecia, p. 137); Listerias, Lindo-ialus generous of 
 beer; Rudianus Mars (rhwydd); Rhodanus, Rod-usia, Rudscus. 
 
 Sk. same roots; lut, rut to whirl, flash, be angry; luth, ruth to hurl, 
 
 wound; rudhiras bloody, red; rohitas (fern, rodhitas) red. Gk. 
 
 Ipsijew to stain with blood; Ipu6p6q red; IpuOpafvw to be red, dye red, 
 blush; Ipufff-iteXa? erysipelas; Ipuai^Y] mildew, rust (eY^w); poSavd? 
 
 wavering, flickering. Lat. raudus copper; [ruthus], rufus, (Umbr. 
 
 rufru) red; ruber red (rufru = ipuQp6<;); rubeo to be red; rubigo rust; 
 
 rubeta toad (russet) ? rubus, rubetum bramble (tangle, wounding) ? 
 
 Goth, raidds red; ga-riuds blushing, chaste; O. N. riodha to ravage; 
 to stain with blood (O. Ger. Reudigni, Rudi-ger); riodhr ruddy; lUa 
 to glance round; litr glance, countenance, hue; (Ant-lits); 0. H. G. 
 
 rdt red; rost rust. 0. R. rudeiti to redden; rudru red; ruzhda rust; 
 
 R. r[v\izhii ruddy, red-haired; Lith. rauda red; rudas russet (dried 
 
 blood). Ir. rliad, W. rhwdd, Cor. rud, Bret, rud, ruz red; O. C. 
 
 [Campi] Raudii bloody fields; Roudios, Ande-roudos. 
 
 Sk. ri to go eagerly, rise towards, attain ; svri (svrinami) to hurl, 
 wound, kill; (rl to burst through; sri {sarami, sisarmi) to haste, 
 approach, run, flow; upa-sri to attack; caus. sdryami to follow, 
 pursue; ut-saryami to send forth; Sarama and his son Sdrameyas 
 
 [going forth, proceeding] scouts of the army of day. Gk. 'Epjjisfai;, 
 
 'Ep(ji,^? dawn-god, herald (IpiAriveiJq [herald], interpreter), the god of 
 advance, effort, gain. The Aryans were impressed by the speed of 
 the sun, compassing heaven and earth in a day; hence the day-star 
 is a horse or horseman, Agvin; Sdrameyas is sometimes the swift scout, 
 sometimes the hound of the Agvins; Hermes bears on his wand the 
 twined serpents of day and night (cf. p. 37), and holds his infant 
 brother Dionysus, the day star, in his arms. Sk. sri, gri to go, 
 enter, visit ; sri to approach, rise ; [sdryami to cause to approach, rise ; 
 
 to draw, lift]; sarat cord. Gk. [daffetpu], (iefpw to draw up, 
 
 suspend; (jsipi rope; aiipw to drag, trail, sweep along, flow; epfia sand- 
 
— 150 — 
 
 bank, foundation, prop; <rwp(5? sand-bank, heap; ip[i.a? cairn; uafpu 
 to sweep; apixa chariot [dragged]. 
 
 Sk. [sdryami to cause to rise, roll upward]; svar heaven; sHras, 
 [svaryas], suryas sun; sur, gur to be heroic, tower aloft, be firm [as 
 cairn], brandish spear aloft (cf. Gk. ocupio? lord; xuplw to hit mark); 
 Sk. gron to heap up; gran to be bountiful, generous; Gk. 5copsvvu(M 
 to be full; Kpdvo? rounder, orber, creator; otXovt? thigh; Sk. sri to go; 
 sru to flow; saras water; sdr, gar to [melt away], be weak; garas water; 
 Gk. 6p(i,do) to speed, drive; aXXofJiat to leap, bound, pulse; SX[ji,y) sea, 
 sea- water, spray; Sk. sdryami to cause to move, rise, roll; grd to boil, 
 cook; gal to whirl, eddy, scatter, run; gval to speed; lial, Hull to re- 
 volve; leul to whirl together, eddy; sel, gel, sal to move round; sit, 
 gil to collect, gather; kel, khel to whirl, tremble; sarvas all-encircling, 
 all; kshal to whirl round, sweep together; kvel, kshvel, kshal to sweep 
 round, eddy, gather; kshar to flow away, perish; kshal to wash away, 
 wash off; kshur, khur to peel, rub off, scrape off; gulv to cause to flow, 
 found metal, purify, create; Gk. xspdcvvuiAt to stir; xuXt'u to revolve; 
 oXo? all; SXiQ swelling timber, forest; OXd^w to drain off; xuXfi^u to 
 extract juice; ^uplo) to scrape; R. svarit, [kh]varit to boil up; 
 khvorat to be drained, faint, ill; Sk. sri to roll up; svri to roll voice, 
 raise tune, make music; gri, gru to hear. 
 
 Sk. sri, gri (sardmi, sisarmi) to haste, approach, run, flow; sarmas 
 flow, motion; saranis path; sarayus wind, river; Saranyus the swift 
 
 deity (pursuing tempest) ; saras brook; sarit river. Zd. har to go. 
 
 Gk. 6p(A(i(i) to start, speed; opjJLY) beginning, assault, onset; epfia sand- 
 bank, drift, [hut-mound], foundation; [ff'Epyavas], 'Epivu? pursuing Fury; 
 
 [a]'Ap(4vTta[v = 'Eptvijat (Hesych.) Lat. de-sero to flow away, leave 
 
 barren, abandon, desert. Goth, salyan to visit, enter, reach home; 
 
 us-salyan to stay at inn; salithvos shelter, abode; A. S. sele, 0. H. G. 
 sdl dwelling, hall; (cf. gri to seek; garanas shelter, home; garanyas 
 host) ; Goth, salyan to [cause to approach], bring near, offer, sacrifice; 
 O. N. sdr flowing wound, hurt, sore; A. S. sdre very, exceedingly; 
 sellan, syllan (O. N. selya, Goth. 0. H. G. salyan) to offer for sale, sell 
 
 (cf. 'EpyL^q). R. sorit to [sweep along], fill with rubbish, obstruct; 
 
 khoronit to bury. Ir. sdr- exceedingly [good, strong, eager]; sernim 
 
 to drive, sweep along, rout; serr violent, haughty; serrach young horse; 
 Bret, herrus, hirus swift, active, diligent; hhr speed; hervS, [h]revl 
 following, according to; 0. C. Serrus, Herrus; Herius [alluvial] island 
 at mouth of Loire; 0. Bret. Hero^ spring-time, dawn. 
 
— 151 — 
 
 Sk. sri, [svri] to approach; [sdryami to cause to approach, draw]; 
 
 sarat cord. Gk. oeJpds rope, string, tail; uept? belt; opiJiaOd? chain, 
 
 string, cluster; 8p^.o<; cord, chain, necklace; ring-dance; 6p[j,6w to 
 moor, anchor; lp(ji,aT(t^(i) to support in sling; sipu (lepfi^vos) to string 
 together; stpixd? series; e'lfpspoi; bondage; sEpi^vr) [bond of union], 
 peace? ip(ji.« band, noose, coil; eSpuvs^cc entangling; drawing out in 
 argument; leading question; 'Ipi? [asiptq] the rainbow; necklace and 
 girdle of Aphrodite the cloud (cf. the Brisingr necklace of Freya; 
 bhre^, bhresh to flash, quiver); redup. aloupa shepherd's wrap; long 
 
 cloak. Lat. sero to twine, weave, link, wreathe; [srete], rete net (cf. 
 
 serpo, repo); sertum wreath; series string, linked succession, line; 
 sors {sortis) the thread of fate [interwoven succession of lives and 
 events], fate, luck; prae-sertim [with the first lot], especially; sartago 
 [all sorts, pot-luck, fritto misto], frying-pan; [sero-acu], sarcio to stitch 
 together, cobble, mend (v. p. 126) ; sar-mentum faggot; sera [fastening], 
 
 bolt, bar. A. S. searo equipment, girded arms; well-jointed, skilfully 
 
 wrought; [encircling net], ambush, treachery; saelan to bind, weave, 
 fetter; O. H. G. sell rope, noose; Goth, sarva full armor; sveran to lie 
 
 in wait; O.N. sorvi necklace. Lith. seris thread; O. R. silo noose; 
 
 R. silok snare. Ir. sreth (W., Bret, frit implying svri) series, order; 
 
 com-sreth construction; imm-sreth circle; do-[s]rdn to make; dron firm; 
 sernim to join, unite; [sret], rSt thing; retan net; Bret, sermoul succes- 
 sion, occurrence ; ret necessary ; [sarnez], harnez harness ; harz bond, delay, 
 support, connection; O. C. Sermius; Serot-ennum. 
 
 Sk. same roots; [svri], sri (sisarmi) to approach; [svdrydmi], sdryami 
 
 to [cause to approach, draw near, fasten, draw up, suspend]. Gk. 
 
 [aaaeipu], dsfpu to lift up, raise, hoist; (/.ST-ewpoq lifted, swinging, in sus- 
 pense, in mid-air, vacillating; a?(5pa swing, hammock, noose, oscilla- 
 tion; alwpew to hang, float, hover; a't'pu to lift, mount, bear; alpa darnel 
 (causing vertigo); smith's hammer (whirling); ■^spl6o;jiai to float, 
 quiver; [aaafijp], «i^p haze, air; depioi; hazy, dewy, early; iQepo-etSiqi; cloud- 
 streaked, murky; Sop swinging sword; (iopTi^p sword-belt; dopTig [lifter, 
 well-bucket], aorta; Xpua-dup with golden sword; Spring (child of 
 winter, Medusa); xap-rjopo? trace-horse; perverse (pulling sideways); 
 (juv-'^opos yoked, wedded; 6p\x.aiv<)> to balance in mind, ponder; be 
 eager, long for; «i^aupo<; light as air (reduplication, svi-svri) ; aijauXoe, 
 atouXo? fickle, treacherous, wicked; Oppk, suspended basket for 
 
 gathering fruit. Lat. [sverius], serius [suspended, weighing tiell], 
 
 considerate, serious; redup. [sesverus], severus stem; sermo conversa- 
 tion (balanced thought); exero to drag forth; serra saw (oscillating). 
 : Goth, svers weighty, precious; sveran to exalt, honor; svare [oscil- 
 
— 152 — 
 
 lating, trifling], in vain; O. N. sv&rr weighty; violent (schwer); svarc 
 to answer, answer for, be responsible (reciprocal cf. sermo); svori 
 a bird (hovering, soaring) ; M. H. G. [swerven], swerben to roam, swerve; 
 
 A. S. svearmian to swarm; sveord sword. R. sirota orphan (roving, 
 
 homeless). Ir. sernim to converse; serr scythe, reaping hook, saw; 
 
 serda scythed chariot; serr [quivering], timid. 
 
 Sk. same roots; sarya to cause to approach, draw, sweep together; 
 
 stir, gur to be firm. Gk. Ipfxa, {pct^^iq Hesych.) sand-bank, shoal, 
 
 reef; barrow, mound, foundation, prop, [hut built on mound]; [c/ntipiov], 
 ^pi'ov mound, tomb; aafpu to draw, sweep away; to draw lips, grin, 
 smile, gape, snarl, pull faces; (j«p{j.a yawning chasm; cipov broom, 
 sweepings; aopd? cinerary urn [originally barrow, tomb]; aijpu to draw, 
 drag, trail, sweep away, flow; (jiipTti; sand-bank, shoal; uiipTY); a rein; 
 pulley; aijp[j.a trailing robe, longhair; oupdi; a heap, mound; dva-^uplSe? 
 breeches (drawn up); caupa lizard (drag-tail); [' Kij-zu^iiq], "AiJ^upTo; 
 the morning star, [drawn back from the day]; brother of Medea the old 
 moon; in her flight with the sun she cuts him in fragments to delay 
 
 the pursuit of her father the dawn (cf. Orpheus, Romulus, p. 67). 
 
 Lat. sarrio to scrape, hoe, hill; serrdcum heavy wagon; dray; swa 
 calf of leg (support of body, ep[j.a) ; solum heaped earth, hut-mound, 
 floor, soil; solidus; solium [chief's mound, suggestus], throne; prae-sul 
 [exalted] magistrate (praeses); consul fellow-magistrate, seat-sharer; 
 con-sulo; soleo to be firmly established, a custom; solea [foundation], 
 
 sole of shoe; Osc. Sarnus sweeping, alluvial. Goth, sulya sandal; 
 
 ga-sulyan to found; sauls column; O. N. sM pillar; silla beam, sill; 
 
 O.H.G. sM pillar; suelli threshold; Ger. Soller loft, upper story. R. 
 
 surok marmot (digger, heaper). Ir. seir heel; (cf. sura); siar, iar 
 
 behind, [dragged after], following, behind, western (East implies face; 
 south is right-hand; v. dess); iarrde fawn (following, drawn after doe); 
 sirim to follow, seek, long for; sirecht yearning (melts with svri to 
 sing); sirecktaide sigh; sir protracted; long (of space and time); sdU, 
 sailge beam, prop; sdilim to [drag], linger, delay, ponder; Bret, hir 
 long; hirein to lengthen; hireah delay, longing, desire; hernein to drag 
 out, exhaust; O. C. sarna the itch (scraping, scratching); Siam 
 (hunter, follower); Siro, Sironius (longing, desire); Sirmio; Santa, 
 Sarmia western? 
 
 Sk. same roots; sri to speed, approach, draw near, seek; fn {graye, 
 p.p. gritas) to approach; a-gri to turn to eagerly, bend toward, be 
 intent; ut-gri to lift to, rear up; pra-gri to bow to, be modest; sam-fn to 
 bend, lean on; vi-nis-gri to turn away, go out. Gk. x>.(vti) to lean 
 
— 153 — 
 
 against, rest upon, slope, bend down, lay down, turn aside; (middle) 
 to lean towards, bow, lie down, slope; xXfdtq, xX([i.a inclination, slope; 
 vXida sleeping-place, hut, tent, grave, couch; xWtiji; slope, hill-side; 
 
 vXlf^a^ ladder. Lat. in-clino to bend toward; de-clino to bend away; 
 
 cllvus slope, hill; clitellae panniers, pack-saddle (piled, laded); clitel- 
 
 larius beast of burden. 0. H. G. hlinin to lean; Goth. Mains 
 
 slope , hill ; hlaiv, mound, sepulchre ; hlathan to lay upon, lade (clitellae) ; 
 af-[h^innan to turn aside, avoid; hleiduma left-hand; hliya, hleithra 
 tent, hut (xXtfffa) ; O. N. hladha to [make mound], set up, pile up, lade; 
 hladha barn; hlidh slope, side; [turning] door; hlidha to turn aside, 
 avoid; hlydha to [turn to], belong to, obey; to [turn], go away; A. S. 
 hleonian to overhang; hied shelter, protection, the lee side; hyldan 
 
 to lie down, bend toward; hyldo grace; hlddher ladder. Lith. 
 
 shleyu to press close, lean; O. R. kloniti to lean; R. pri-slonyat to lean 
 
 upon. Ir. clden bent, crooked, wrong; cldim to bend down, conquer; 
 
 cleith, clithar shelter; cUthe, cU rafter; cUath shelter, fold, hurdle; 
 cluain (W. clyn) foot of hill, lowland, swamp, thicket; glend valley; 
 cU, claon (W. cledd) left-hand; gliin knee; Bret, klin, glin bend, fold, 
 elbow, knee; kliniied declining, pining; kloutein to crouch; kltui 
 hurdle, fence; Gaelic agfotto the left; O. C. Clennus, Cleno; Clunidcus 
 (foot of hill). 
 
 Same roots; (H to approach, be eager; kri (krinami) to buy; 
 
 kraya purchase. Gk. xpatvw to effect, accomplish, fulfil. Ir. 
 
 crenim, Bret, prenein to buy. 
 
 Sk. same roots; n to mount upward, speed; svri to impel, hurl, 
 shoot; sUr, gur to shoot, be heroic, glorious; suras, suryas sun; svar, 
 svargas heaven; svarnas [bright] gold; sur to shine; suras god; sura-kar- 
 
 mukas rainbow. Zd. hvare sun; qaretha, qarenanh glory, splendor. 
 
 Gk.'Sefpioq, Sefp sun, dog-star; oetptaw to burn, scorch; astpfeaK; 
 
 sunstroke; adpivo^ summer warmth; ailaq glory, light, lightning; 
 ceXifjvv], 'EXsvT) moon (sister of morning and evening stars; shifting 
 from west to east; brought back by the solar host) ; [ff/rac/rsXtos], i^sXio?, 
 fjXios sun (Cretan fd^lXios, Pamphyl. pa^lXtos; Latin Aus-elius, Aur- 
 elius with prefix ush; Etrusc. =Umbrian Usil); piXa sun, dawn; e"Xit), 
 sXy), [fffJdXsa solar heat; iXetd? dormouse (basker) ; eiXt-xptviJ? [discerned 
 by sun]; pure, sincere; SetX7]V(5<; the gray dawn, foster-father of Dionysus 
 (day and night), the morning-star; [a/rHpa], "Hpa sunset, afterwards 
 star-glory (cf. Indras, Aindri, Ir. aidche; p. 12); Hera is patroness 
 of Argos [thousand-eyed stellar sky], jealous of lo the moon [goer, 
 wanderer] and Semele the dawn [samal, evener of day and night]; 
 
— 154 — 
 
 she is wife of Zeus the day, but, like Deianeira (bum her husband, 
 another sunset goddess), dangerous to Hera-cles the sun, who is 
 nevertheless Hera's "glory"; the galaxy is her breast-milk; ■^pi 
 
 dawn. Lat. Aus-elius, Aur-elius; serenus clear-sky; sol sun (siir, 
 
 sill); Sulla; Apollo Sor-anus; Sor-acte. Goth, sauil sun; 0. N. 
 
 sSl sun; svol blaze; Svolnir Odin; A. S. svelan to burn; Eng. to swelter, 
 
 sultry. Lith. saule sun; svilti to burn; O. R. slunitze, R. solntze 
 
 sun; svarivat to melt, braze. Ir. {svair], sair, fdir sunrise, east; 
 
 O. C. Solicius healing sun; Sol-osma meridian sun; Aquae Sulis; 
 Soli-rigus; Sollius Apollinaris; Solinus; Sol-ventum southern-market; 
 Bret, suilhein to sunburn; hiaul (W. heul) sun; Ir. suil, sel eye; 
 [svolus], folus, sollus bright; [svellaim], sellaim (W. gwel) to see; sillim 
 to glance; soillse glory; siar, fiar, iar sunset, west; Bret, sellein to 
 watch, view; sellad glance. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; siir to be firm, solid ; svri to hurl, whirl ; svar [radiant, 
 revolving], heaven; [sarv], sarb to go [round]; sarvas all, everyone; 
 
 sarvatas everywhere; sarvathd in any case; sarvada always. Zd. 
 
 haurva all. Gk. oXo? (Ion. oSXo?) whole, entire, perfect, well, 
 
 universal, all; ouXo? whole, actual, real, incessant; oXoekat he is well 
 (Hesych.); oiiXw to be whole, sound, well; ouXtq healed wound, scar; 
 oXoo? sane, wise, good; OuXto? Apollo the healer; o5Xs! hail! salve! — 
 Lat. salvus safe, whole; salveo to save; salUs health; salUbris whole- 
 some ; con-solor to console ; saltern in any case (sarvathd) ; sollus (super- 
 lative sollistimus) all, every; soll-ennis every year, annual; sol-licito to 
 [to pluck], annoy on every side; soll-ers with all art, skilful; solus alone 
 (all one) ; soldri to [heal], console ; soleo to be wont, [always do, repeat 
 action]; servo to keep whole, watch, preserve from harm; servus 
 
 [all my own, my possession], slave (Ir. selbaim) . Goth, sils [healiog, 
 
 consoling], kind, good, gentle; A. S. saelig, 0. H. G. s&lig happy, 
 good; Goth. [salvdn\, salbon, Fries, salva to [heal], anoint (d. leikeis 
 
 anointer, physician p. 129). R. svernut to twist, roll {svri); sverlit 
 
 to bore (svri). Ir. [solvan, solann], sldn well, safe; sldinte health, 
 
 salvation; W. holl, Cor. hoi, Bret, holl all, entire; O. C. Solano, Sollus. 
 
 Sk. same roots; ri, svri to hurl, shoot, strike upward; sUr to be 
 glorious; svri (sasvar) to lift up the voice, praise; svaryas praiseworthy; 
 
 svarnas famous; svaras sound. Gk. oupfi^w to pipe, whistle, hiss; 
 
 aOpiY^ pipe, flute; 3pov swarm of bees? 3pa^ field-mouse (squeaker); 
 aauffapd? whisper; [caus. svarp], [fffa]^axATY) shepherd's pipe; [svalp], 
 adXxiy^ trumpet; [sveirl Seipi^v piper, enchantress; a bee; a bird; 
 uXdtti) to bay moon, bark. Lat. sorex field-mouse; susurrus murmur, 
 
— 155 — 
 
 whisper (sasvar); Surrentum (with temple of Syrens; beautiful region, 
 
 dangerous coast); Sulpicius trumpeter. Goth, sveran to honor 
 
 {svaryas); svaran to swear (lifted voice, vow; of. 0. N. kvedha, kvidhr 
 to cry out, oath) ; A. S. syrvan, be-syrvan to enchant, beguile; M. H. G. 
 swalwe lute; swalewe [twittering] swallow; Germ, schwirren to buzz. 
 
 Lith. shvilpiu to pipe; O. R. sviraii to pipe, whistle; R. svireil 
 
 pipe; svireipiy [shrieking], fierce. Ir. sirechia magic music; sirech- 
 
 tach melodious, yearning; Bret, sorv, sorb, sorven, sorhen dream, fancy, 
 magic (sornette) ; Fr. sureau pipe; O.C. Seseroneus, Suronius, Surninus. 
 
 Sk. same roots; svri (sasvar) to chant; [svasvri], svasri sister 
 (singer of lullabies, cf . bhrdtri bearer, brother) ; svasrlyas sister's 
 
 son. — —ZA.. [svasvar, pvansvar, pvanhvar], qanhar. Arm. khoyr. 
 
 Gk. [jfsoop], Sop daughter, niece; eope? kinswomen; eijpE(j(pt = Yuvat^fv 
 
 (Hesych.) ; oap wife; oapo? song, love-song, fond talk, babying. Lat. 
 
 [svosros, sosros], soror sister. Goth, svistar. Lith. sesu (gen. 
 
 sesers) ; O. R. sestra. Ir. \svisur\, siiir, fitir (gen. sethur, sethar) 
 
 sister, cousin, kinswoman; W. [ckweichur], chwaer; Com. huir; Bret. 
 ho6r, choar; O. C. Suserna. 
 
 Sk. svri to hurl, wound; [gvar], gval, gvall to [whirl], speed, run, 
 (xuXfw); gal to run, whirl, scatter round; garv, garb to shoot, wound; 
 gur to be heroic; karv, kharv, garv to be proud; ^ar6, kharb, garb, gharb, 
 Harb to go round; kal, khal, kal, kar to revolve, go round; karv to 
 grind, chew; gur, ghur to whirl aloft, shoot, kill; kal, skhal to whirl, 
 shake, be dizzy; kul to whirl, sweep together ; ^wZ, kshvel, kel to revolve. 
 
 Sk. svri to sound, chant, praise; R. [gvala], khvala praise; Sk. gal 
 to praise; kal, [kvar], kur to roll the voice, repeat, count, sound; ^aZto 
 reckon time; kail to mumble, mutter; kalas sweet-voiced; kalakalas 
 
 cuckoo; kala-ravas dove (ravas voice). Gk. xaXlw (x,lxXir]xa, xXyitoi;) 
 
 to call, summon, invite, name; 5(.aXT]i:ti>p, xXi^Twp, xXiqtiqp summoner; 
 xX^at? summons, invocation; xoXoid? daw, babbler; v.sko\j.at, xsXeija) 
 
 to urge, command. Lat. calo to proclaim; Calendae; nomen-clator; 
 
 cal-umniari to accuse (O. C. obn-os, omnos terrible) ; con-cilium [sum- 
 moned] council. O. H. G. haldn to hail, summon, salute; Milan 
 
 to sound; Ger. holen to summon; hallen, schallen to echo; hell clear, 
 ringing; Schelle bell; O. N. skall hail; skald bard; A. S. healsian to 
 
 entreat. R. klyast to curse, swear; klyatva oath; kolokol bell. 
 
 Ir. cailech,W. ceiliaug. Cor. chelioc, Bret, kiliog cock; Bret, kelennein 
 to instruct, reprove; Ogam Maqqi Caliaci = McCulloch; O.C. calicarca 
 hen-bane ; calox, calocatanos cockscomb. 
 
— 156 — 
 
 Sk. svri, [(vri] to chant, celebrate, cause to hear; [cuar], (al to praise; 
 galbh to boast; [gvalanh], gvalk to speak; [pualanh], glagh to boast, 
 flatter; caMS.gldghayeXo praise; krug to shout, exclaim; kroshtri jackal; 
 
 kraunUas heron. Gk.xpdet;^ (jipci^u) to yell, shout; xpauyr] cry; xp(i!;o 
 
 (xpii^w) to caw; xXdi;(i) (jiXdy^u) to yell, shriek, chant, thunder.- — 
 Lat. clangor crash, din, yell; [clagmor], clamor; clamo to call, cry; 
 
 inculcare to instruct {gvalk). Goth, hlahyan to laugh; O. N. hlakka 
 
 to scream, as eagle; Hlauka Valkyr; hark a shout; A. S. hlynsian, 
 hlynnan to ring out ; hearcnian to listen for commands (cf . gru) ; Eng. 
 
 screech, shriek, crack, creak, clank, carried by lost s. R. klik a cry; 
 
 klokotat to boil; klyast to curse. 
 
 Sk. svri, [gvri] to chant, cause to hear; gru (grinomi, praet. agrdush) 
 to hear, obey, hearken; caus. grdvayami to cause to hear, speak; 
 desid. gugrushe to desire to hear, hearken, obey; grutas famous; gravas 
 fame; ear; grush, grushti eagerness, obedience; gram to summon, call, 
 
 Zd. gru to hear. Gk. xXuw to hear, hearken, listen, obey; xkmiq 
 
 famous; xXsoe fame; xXsiu to celebrate; xXlotiat to be famous; xXeiTo; 
 famed; ivipo&o^ai to hearken, obey; (grdvayami) dxp(ia[i,a music, lecture; 
 xpoO(ji.a music, distinct note; xpouu to strike, knock, clash, play in- 
 strument; xXafo) (>iXa6aw) to wail, lament; d'rco-xpJvo), uxo-xpfvu to answer 
 
 [what one hears, grinomi]. Lat. duo, clueo to hear, obey; cUens 
 
 [obedient], vassal; in-clutus famous; Clausus, Claudius (grushtas; cf. 
 clavis, claudo); cluvior, more famous; \closia, cloria], gloria glory (cf, 
 Ir. gldrach, glun) ; clarus illustrious; classis summons, militia; classicum 
 
 trumpet. Goth, hliuma hearing; ear; hlauts lot (fame, honor, booty; 
 
 Hom. yspa?); hliuth [listening intently], silence; slavan to be silent; 
 O. H. G. hlMi sound, fame {loud, lute, Hlod-wig) ; hlosen to hear; A. S. 
 hlystan to listen; hlynsian, hlynnan to sound; O. N. hrynya to dash, 
 
 sound; hliomr shout; hrodhr fame. 0. R. sluti to be famous; slmo 
 
 word; slava fame; Lith. shlove honor; klausau to hear; R. slushatto 
 
 hear {grush) ; [glevit], slit to be reputed. Ir. clu (W., Bret, cbt) fame; 
 
 cloth famous; cluinim to hear; cliiass ear; clius, cless famous feat; 
 [clor], gldr noise, speech ; gldrach noisy ; glond, glonn famous deed, notable 
 crime {facinus) ; slondim to name (cf . Claudius) ; slond meaning; 
 W. clusteu ears; Bret, kleu to hear; 0. C. Clevius, Cluttius, Clutamus 
 (superl.), Cloutius, Clovatius, Clondicus, Clonus. 
 
 Sk. svri, [gvrt] to chant, praise, cause to hear; gru to hearken, con- 
 sent, be gracious; [gvargvaras, gvagvaras], gvaguras father-in-law; 
 
 gvagrUs mother-in-law. Zd. qagura {q=gv) father-in-law. Gk. 
 
 Ixupd?; Ixupd. Lat. socer (gen. soceri); socrus. Goth, svaikra 
 
— 157 — 
 
 (stem svaihran) ; svaihrS; O. H. G. suehur; suigar; 0. N. svaera=socras. 
 
 0. R. svekru= socev, svekruvy or svekry socrus; Lith. sheshuras 
 
 socer. Cor. hvigeren socer; hveger socrus. 
 
 Sk. ri to speed ; sri, sru to speed, flow, make sand-bank, foundation ; 
 to be firm; ri, svrl to speed, whirl up, shoot, [shoot up, tower high, 
 lift spear]; suras, suryas sun; sur, gur to be firm; to strike, wound, 
 handle spear; to be valiant; gul to wound; gulas spear; svrl to shoot; 
 grl (grinami, girye) to wound, destroy, scatter; garv, garb to wound, 
 injure; karv to devour; kri (krinami) to hurl, shoot, strike, wound; kri 
 (kirdmi) to hurl, whirl, cast, dash, sprinkle, pour, fill, overwhelm; 
 kri (karomi, kurve) to drive through, effect, accomplish, do, make; kri 
 (krindmi) to buy. 
 
 Sk. sUr, gUr to be firm, strike, wound, handle spear, be brave; 
 gUras hero; gurata valor; grl, gal to wound, break, stab, impale; 
 
 gUlas spear; gill arrow; giris sword. Zd. gilra strong, noble. 
 
 Gk. xupo? power, authority; xijpdo) to ratify, establish; xuplw to hit 
 the mark [with spear], attain, win, light upon, find, chance; xupio? 
 lord, master; authoritative, ordained; xofpavo? lord, leader; xopuvrj 
 pike, mace; xup^Tcoto thrust; butt; xo^ipiQTss young warriors (melts with 
 
 xouptici) to need trimming; ^upeu to trim; ocoOpo? shaveling, lad). 
 
 'Lat.Curius; curia senate-house; Curiatii; [curiacus], quercus, [sacred] 
 oak; curHlis lordly, noble; cornus cornel (spear- wood) ; Cornelius; 
 Cures; Quirinus, Quirites; quiris spear; Quirin-alia=Carn-aval (merri- 
 ment with flour-throwing in February; ended by the Feralia) ; euro to 
 [be master], rule, care for, guard, be anxious; quaero, inqulro to thrust 
 into, investigate, speer (cf . per-contari, contus, xevTew) ; queror, quirito 
 to [lament for heroes, raise dirge], lament, be indignant (cf. coronach, 
 
 cronan); Caurus, Corns north-west wind (It. maestro). O. N. Hdrr 
 
 Odin ("Old Harry"); harri lord; herr army, foe; O. H. G. herydn to 
 ravage; hari-walto might-of-army, herald; A. S. heoru sword; here 
 army; hyrian to engage for service, master by money, hire; h^&re 
 free, agreeable; hear noble; d-hedran to set free; Ger. herrlich glorious; 
 ge-horen to belong to a master; ge-heuer lawful, natural; Schaar a host; 
 Goth, skulan to be bound in honor, duty (gur, gul, curare) ; skulds duty, 
 
 debt. R. [guroviy'l, suroviy stem, severe; Mur imperative command; 
 
 [gild], sila force, strength; siln[v]iy, mighty (cf. gill arrow); O. R. 
 
 sUliza spear; sulati to send; sulu ambassador. Ir. caur, cur (gen. 
 
 caurad, curad) hero; (rod portion, grace) ; cdraigim to ordain (cf. p. ii6) ; 
 cuirim to establish, settle, summon; cor [spear's] cast; Gael. coir a spear; 
 crondn to lament the slain; W. cawr, Cor. caur giant; O. C. Caurus, 
 
— 158 — 
 
 Cavares, Cavrinus, Cora; Cori-ondae lords of wave {unda); Corio- 
 solitae lords of forest; Coriono-totae lords of people; Corio- sopites 
 lordly-plumes; Corio-vallum lordly fort; Corinium (Quirinium); 
 Cornovii. 
 
 Sk. sri to sweep along ; £p;ji.a sand-bank, foundation ; siir, gUr to be 
 firm, solid, lofty; gron, glon to roll up, heap up; cronas curved; gronis 
 
 buttock; gran to [eddy, whirl, toss round], be bountiful. Zd. 
 
 graoni back, hip. Gk. xXovew to surge, rush, beat with waves, 
 
 agitate, confuse; xXovo? press of war; /.Xo'vt? back; xXdvtov hip; 
 
 yLkovia-t-fip hip-knife. Lat. clunis hip; clunaculum hip-knife. 0. N. 
 
 Maun loin. Lith. shlaunis hip; R. pri-slon back of chair (melts with 
 
 xXfvw) ; slon elephant. W., Cor. dun hip. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; ri, sri, svrl to [rise, whirl up, shoot up] ; grl to wound, 
 stab; krl, to shoot; garv, garb to shoot, wound; garas, galyam arrow, 
 arrow-head; gir, giras, girsham head; [gyalj, gil to attain to, reach, visit; 
 cilam [stature], nature, disposition; gilas head of grain; gil, sil to glean; 
 gili arrow; gild peak, clifE; gdilas mountain; gdlis rice (tassel-head; 
 above water) ; gdlas gilt-head fish; gdld thatched hut. 
 
 Sk. same roots; sri, gri to shoot up, burst through; garv, garb to 
 thrust, wound ; gili arrow; gild flint, arrow-head, stone; gilas, gir, giras, 
 
 girsham head; [gir-anga], gringam horn, mountain peak. Zd. gara, 
 
 cdranh head; grva horn, point, nail; grvara homed. Gk. xap, xapS, 
 
 xocpTjvov head, peak; Kap-vaaiov, 'AXt-x.ap-vaaa6<;, [^apvr]?], Hapvii;, 
 Hap-VYjaoi;, Ilapvaaao? peaks (v^ao? beak) ; xdtpavo? chief; xiipuov nut 
 (hard skull); xpsivtov skull; [fup^jv], xupijv stone of fruit; irupo? wheat 
 (hard-kernel); xupvd? wheaten; xapavou to complete; xpavad? jagged, 
 rocky (bony); turtle-shell, xpdvos helmet; xpavetov cornel (sprout; 
 spear-wood; horn-beam); xpatpa head, top (grvara); axXirjpdq hard, 
 stiff, obstinate; xX'^po? fate, lot (merging in idea of hard, smooth 
 pebble); axTpoq hard skin, induration, stucco; axip-aipeta dicing (the 
 bones; axtw) ; xptvov, lily (jump-up, high-head) ; xpidq ram (hard-head, 
 butting); xpefuv lord (high-head); xspa?, xspafa horn; xepatl^ti) to 
 [butt], ravage, slay; xspaad? cherry (hard-pit) ; xepaa-^dXoq hard-pit, 
 hard-head, obstinate (sling-stone) ; xupfaaw, xopiixtu, xup-rj^dl^o) to butt 
 
 (garb) ; xup^e:? [peaked] pyramids. Lat. pro-cerus high-head, tall; 
 
 proceres chiefs ; cernuus large-headed ; cervus stag (grva) ; cere-brutn 
 brain; carina nut-shell, shell, boat, keel; cornu horn; [clarea], glarea 
 pebble ; silex flint (gild) ; sili-cernium reader of grave-stones, dotard. — 
 Goth, haurn horn; hvairni skull; O. H. G. hirni brain; Goth, hall''^ 
 rock; O. N. hialli peak, cliff; hallr stone; hdll smooth; 0. H. G. 
 
— 159 — 
 
 A. S. heorot, hart; {Hirsch; girsham). Lith. karve ox; O. R. krava cow 
 
 (homed) ; R. Mrenok end, point, handle ; ^erep skull ; kerepakha tortoise ; 
 
 serna chamois; taar king (xtipa, xdpavos); skala rock (peak). Ir. 
 
 corn horn; cornaire, Corn, cherniat horn-blower; W. karw, Bret, fearii 
 stag; Bret. &orw horn; karn hoof, com on foot; karnel ridge of wall; 
 {crineller) O. C. Carvus, Cervidcus;corna poppy (round-head). 
 
 Sk. same roots: (iras head; (Has head of grain; (il, sil to reap, 
 
 glean. Gk. xippd? corn-color, yellow; atptf? grain-pit, granary; 
 
 ff^Xoupo? [splash-tail], fish; (j(XXo? [sowing, scattering], twinkling, 
 
 glancing. Lat. sillgo millet; [silinhva], siliqua seed-pod; sil yellow; 
 
 ochre; Silius farmer. Lith. pa-selys crop, harvest. Ir. sil seed; 
 
 siol offspring; silaim to sow, scatter; silim to drop; sillim to glance, 
 flash; W. Ml offspring; Bret, sil edge of sword (flashing); silat to 
 [drop], filter; Fr. sih grain-pit; silo; O. C. Sillius, Silius, Silli-boris. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; gilas head of grain, stalk of grain ; cdlis rice ; garas, 
 garas, galas reed, dart; galakd dart, stake, bamboo rod; gil, sil to 
 
 reap, glean. Gk. %£ka.\f.oc, reed, cane, pipe, flute, arrow, thatch, 
 
 mat; stalk, straw, stubble (after plucking ears) ; fishing-rod; xaXajxiJeoixat 
 
 to glean; xoXjjieiio) to parch barley-ears; Lat. calamus reed, straw; 
 
 incolumis safe (head preserved) ; calamitas calamity (striking off head, 
 drowning reed in flood) ; culmus sedge ; columna [calam-omnus], [sacred 
 
 staff], prop, pillar; culmen peak of thatched hut. 0. H. G. halam 
 
 stalk, reed; O. N. hialmr crest, helmet; hSlmr wooded island (rising 
 like reeds above water); A. S. hvelman, hvelfan to whelm, overflow 
 (ih takes anusvara as in Celtic) ; helma helm, rudder [rising from water]; 
 
 holm tide. O. R. slama straw, thatch ; R. kholm hill (peak, roof) . 
 
 W. [kalam], kalaf sedge, straw, wattle; Bret, colovenn, kalavr straw; 
 W. kulym, Bret, koulm [wattler's, thatcher's] knot; Ir. culmaire joiner, 
 carpenter ; calma high-headed , courageous ; Colman ; Columba (influenced 
 by Latin) ; Fr. calme; O. C. Calm^s, Calminius. 
 
 Sk. same roots; garas reed, thatch; galas, solas sprout, pole, rafter, 
 
 hall, house; gala, house. Gk. staXfa thatched hut, store-house, [reed] 
 
 coop; x«Xi(4 hut, granary; xaXidt? rustic shrine. Lat. cella store- 
 house, shelter; cilium [pent-house], eyelid. O. N. skdli shed, 
 
 shelter, room; holl (gen. hallar), A. S. heal living-room, hall; O. H. G. 
 sdl, A. S. sal, sele house, hall. Bret. Mi, kili bam, stall. 
 
 Sk. same roots; sri, svri to hurl, wound; gUr, sHr to tower aloft; 
 gri to burst through; kri to hurl, wound; kil to hurl, shoot; kilas lance, 
 stake, whirling flame, pillar (cf. columna) ; sel, gel to move, whirl; kvel. 
 
— 160 — 
 
 kshvel to brandish, sport; sal, gal to shake, strew; gill arrow; gila sling- 
 stone; kal to whirl, shake, drive, reflect; Ual to revolve, quiver, go. 
 
 Gk. xiXXw to drive, speed, impel; xtjXov javelin; xeXoi»,ai to urge; 
 
 xEpauvds thunder-bolt; cxafpu, oxtpTaw to bound, frisk; xoXuvdq, round 
 
 hill (cf. Lith.) ; ojtIXo? leg [swift]. Lat. celer swift; ea;ceZZo to outrun; 
 
 procella blast; ce/5M5 towering high (kilas); collis hill; c^Zoa: cutter, 
 yacht; [cal-ax], calx heel; curro to run; icwrra buffoon; currus chariot; 
 
 Pro-cilius; Cal-purnius (p. 6i). Goth, sfewra squall, shower; 0. N. 
 
 /iwrra to speed a sledge ; 5ie//a to hurl, dash to pieces, ring out. ■ 
 
 Eng. hurry-scurry. R. kolot to goad; kolotit to strike; koleinoha^t; 
 
 skoriy quick; ygeto forehead, front; kelo-veik face-the-world, man; Lith. 
 kelti to rear up, lift; pra-kilnus exalted; kalnas hill. Ir. scdl a hero. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; sel, gel, sal, gal, kel, kvel, kshvel, khel, kel, Mai, Hull 
 to move, swing, whirl; gal, gval, kar to speed, hunt, roam, seek, 
 effect; kal, kal to reflect, count, turn in mind; karya driving of chariot, 
 performance of duty; kri (karomi, kurve) to do, effect, work; karakas 
 worker, agent; kalyas [revolving] dawn; ready, healthy; kalyams 
 
 good, lucky. Gk. xeXeuBo? path; d-x,oXou9e<i) to follow; §ou)i(iXos 
 
 cattle-driver; Suo-xoXo; hard to drive, hard to effect; xaXdg prompt, 
 
 dutiful, admirable, skilful, graceful, beautiful. Lat. callis a path; 
 
 colo to till, perfect, adorn, love; colonus farmer; in-cola, inquilims 
 dweller; Exquiliae, Esquiliae outer- ward; colonia colony; calo driver, 
 baggage-man; calleo to be skillful; color [health, beauty], hue, color; 
 
 cle-mens kindly minded. Goth, skulan to be bound in duty (melts 
 
 with giir); O. N. skilya to be accurate, skilful; hial food, support; 
 hiala to caress; Germ, er-holen to restore; Goth, hailyan to do good, 
 heal; hails well, prosperous; O. H. G. halon to bring; A. S. M/«g holy; 
 
 R. koleino tribe; selo, selenie village; selitsya to settle, colonize; 
 
 Ueiliy whole, well; ov-kar shepherd. Ir. bua-chaill cattle-driver; 
 
 cMe comrade, husband; [do-cel], tochell journey; scdl strong man; 
 [scalach], scoloc farm-servant; ciall, ceill good sense, understanding; 
 Bret, bu-gelion herdsman; kailh apprentice, lad; kelennein to train, 
 admonish; O. C. Buculius; Cal-[v]onna Pleasantville ; Calonia, Colania; 
 Scalus, Scellanus. 
 
 Sk. srl, svrl, kri to shoot, wound ; grl to stab ; khur, kshur to cut; 
 Mur to [sting], bum; kharas hot, fierce; sel, gel, kel, kel, gal, kal to re- 
 volve, quiver, shoot; kilas dart, stake, peg, flame, [fire-drill, lightning]; 
 name of ^ivas ; khal, kshal to sweep together [clouds] ; khalu^ darkness, 
 cloud; karas death-stroke; Kdlas god. Kali goddess of darkness and 
 death; kdlas black; kdlas fated period; kdlakas black spot; fatal liver; 
 
— 161 — 
 
 kdravas crow (black; fatal voice, ravas) ; kara dungeon, black-hole. 
 
 Gk. xeXottvds black, murky; KeXaivco storm-wind, harpy (ah6q) ; xeXaivsqJijs 
 black with clouds (of Zeus, the sky); [applied to] black gore; xiqXfs 
 blood-stain, shame; XTjXiis cloudy day; xi^Xeo; burning; x-tjXsw to bewitch, 
 melt down ; x^Xov arrow ; xiqXajTpov holly (winter-solstice) ; xaXa fire-logs ; 
 Ki^p goddess of violent death; xtipaEvw to harm, to bode evil; xiQpEa, 
 xstpfa grave-clothes; x-clpea funeral gifts, shrouds; xYJp-u^ [voice of doom], 
 herald(uo^); xfipuaao) to proclaim; xaipdsfated time, opportunity; xafpios 
 vital point, deadly shot, exact hit, due time (adj.); xatpo? row 
 
 of thrums? xepauvd? thunderbolt; xotpoi; deadly sleep, torpor. Lat. 
 
 caligo thick darkness; caleo to be warm, melt; calleo to be [burnt], 
 hardened, calloused ; Calendael [car-von], cor6o [warming] coal ; sin-cerus 
 without blackness, malice ;cam-woMiMmexpiation;[redup. car-car], career 
 
 black-hole , dungeon (Career Mamertinus ; Gk.xapxapov) . Goth . haiiri 
 
 coal, ember; halya, O. H. G. hella hell; O. N. Hel death goddess; 
 hyr fire; hdr ashes, hoar-frost; hdll glittering (Ger. hell); A. S. holen 
 
 holly. R. kara punishment; }sern[v]iy black; kara-koviy dark-bay; 
 
 kalviy gray (cloudy); seir[v]iy ashen, gray; seira sulphur; ras-kalivat 
 to heat red-hot, destroy; kalina bush with red berries; Mar[v]i en- 
 chantment. Ir. cwr black, brown; ciarsech hla-ckhird; Ciaran; Bret. 
 
 kel red-hot, quick, passionate; kelen, kelennen holly; pironnen viscera, 
 (sacrificial); kurun thunder; O. C. Ciaro, Cerdnus, Cerones, Ceraecius 
 Fuscus, Kieranus, Queranus ; Piro ; St.Piranus ; Perrin, Perry ( = Brown) . 
 
 Sk. sri (srindmi) to shoot; svri (svrindmi) to wound, kill; pri 
 (frindmi, p. p. (irnas) to stab, thrust; grindnas injurious; girnas 
 withered; giris sword; grinis goad; kri, krl (krindmi) to strike, wound, 
 kill; karn to cleave; Uiri (kirinomi) to wound, kill; Uirnas rent, 
 cleft; Mras bark; Hurn to grind, crush; kharvas, kharbas mutilated; 
 khur to cleave; khuras claw, razor; kharas hot, fierce (cf. carbo); khur 
 to cleave, cut off; khurl knife; kshur to cleave, scrape, dig; kshuras 
 claw, razor (R. nozh, p. 29); kshuri knife; Mur to strip, steal; karman 
 hide; krit (krintdmi) to cleave, cut, cut short; krittis cutting, skinning; 
 hide, bark; kartanam cutting; kartarikd hunting-knife; kartarl, kartri 
 
 shears; krath to kill; krit to harm; kartt to strip, loose. Zd. qara 
 
 wound; kar to cut; kareta knife. Gk. xsfpw to cut, shear, hew, reap, 
 
 wound; oxtpov scar; xopjAd? log; v.ep\Lml'C,u> to chop, mince; v-ip^xa small 
 change; xatpo? thrums of warp (cut-off); xoupdi shearing, lopping; 
 xoupeii? barber; xoupo?, xiSpoq shaveling, lad; xopr) lass; ^uplwto shave; 
 §up(5v razor; (jxiipos stone-chippings; Sxupo? cragged; oxtjXXo) to 
 rend, tear, strip; uxuXov spoils; ^liXov timber (lopped, barked); [^uXdw] 
 auXdtti) to spoil, strip; cxuXoq, oxdXoij; pike, sharp stake; oxdeXXw, oxaXeuw 
 
— 162 — 
 
 to prod, scratch; oxaXoip mole; cxaXfq hoe; <sy.&l\rti knife, sword; 
 axceptqjo? stylus; sketch; xpoTuv a tick; xp(vo) to [carve game neatly; 
 assign portions of flesh; be fair]; to separate, discern, judge, choose; 
 xpfst? discernment, judgment; xptTi^q judge; xpitta sentence; xpfjivov 
 [discerned, sifted] bran, coarse meal (melts with kri to whirl, scatter, 
 
 sprinkle). Lat. cortex bark; scortum, corium hide; curtus lopped 
 
 short; culter knife; [caerd], caelo to carve, engrave; carex sedge 
 (knife-edge) ; cerno to fight ; to aim, distinguish, see ; carmino to comb 
 wool; discrvmen peril; separation, parting; se-cerno to set aside, secrete; 
 scrinium private box, desk; crimen accusation (keen, bitter; testing); 
 crines parted hair; scaurus parting the legs, straddling, bow-legged; 
 
 scrutinor to poke into, examine; cri-brum sieve. O. H. G. sceran 
 
 to shear, cut; Goth, hairus sword; ga-skeiryan to discriminate, make 
 clear, interpret; skeireins explanation; dis-skreitan to tear asunder; 
 [skreitan] to straddle, take long steps; (schreiten; shred; Schroeder); 
 skilya butcher; skilligs thin coin (xeptia) ; O. N. hior, skarr sword; 
 skilya to carve, separate, distinguish, observe, be skilful; skil a gap, 
 distinction, right; sMra to scour, cleanse, baptize; skaera battle; 
 skaer glittering; skara to poke fire; skalm a spit; Ger. schielen to take 
 aim; A. S. scort (O. N. kortr) [cut] short (skirt, shirt); scar plowshare 
 (axdXXd)) ; scCtrian to scour ; Ger. schalen to scale, shell ; schuren to poke, 
 
 prod; Eng. to screen = to sift. Lith. kertu to hew; skiriu to separate, 
 
 set apart, choose ; R. kroit to cut ; kratkiy short ; krotkiy [giving por- 
 tions], good, kind; Uerta scratch, mark, line; skalit to show one's teeth; 
 skalivat to chop off; ts[v]iriolnik barber; Merta [scratch], line; Uert the 
 
 devil; sherst wool; ssora quarrel. Ir. cdera a sheep (shorn); cder 
 
 a berry (bitten) ; cairigim, sdraigim to reproach, pain (kshur) ; co: 
 scraim to destroy; cir a comb; cermna cutting; scar aim to separate: 
 scorim to unharness; scoltaim to cleave (cultrum, It. sciolto); crk 
 withered, dry {grindnas); crinaim to vanish; Bret, prenii [destruc- 
 tive], worm; Ir. criathar sieve; etar-ceirt interpretation; cert law, 
 justice; tuas-cert northern region; scairt (W. perth) bramble, thicket: 
 W. cruitr bran; Bret. karS reproach; skarhein, karhein to dig, 
 clear out, purify; skirhien splinter; di-skarein to destroy; to [perish], | 
 wane; krin withered, dry; krenour gnawing parasite. I 
 
 Sk. sri {sarami, sdryami) to speed, flow; srl, svri, (ri, (arv,garb 
 to [speed, hurl], shoot, wound; [sarv], sarb, sal to go; sdr, far to [flow 
 out, be drained], be feeble; kshar to drip, pour out, faint, vanish, 
 perish; kshal to eddy, roll up, gather (cf. lp\i.a sand-rift); kshalto 
 wash away, bathe; gal, gval, kshvel, Mai to eddy, run, revolve; (dii 
 to melt, pour out, found metal, create; Jeul to plunge; saros lake; 
 
— 163 — 
 
 sdras water, marrow, force; (aras water; gariram [pulsing] body; 
 
 salilas billowing. Gk. SX? sea; aaXsiu to roll (of waves) shake, 
 
 waver, toss; aaXaaaw to stagger, be drunk; craXa^ sieve; aaXdxwv 
 swaggering; sjAXo? movement of wave, boat, earthquake; SXXofjiat to 
 leap, bound, throb; aXxtxii; good leaper; SaXtJiwveij? leaping lightning 
 
 (a local god; afterwards degraded like Sisyphus, Ixion, Woden). 
 
 Lat. salio to leap; salto to dance; Salii dancing priests; salmo, salmon; 
 salebrae [earthquake] chasms; salax passionate; [calax], calx [nimble] 
 heel; insula island (in water, cf. Ir. in-isc, innis); caro {carnis) flesh; 
 
 carus desired, dear; Sulmo high?. O. N. svella to swell. R. svarit 
 
 to boil ; svalka quarrel ; Lith . selum (inf. selti) , to [flow], glide, creep. 
 
 Ir. solma speed ; solam quick, ready; sal sea; sdl, sal-tlae heel ; [do-fo-ess- 
 salim], dofuislim, tuislim to [to-down-out-leap], fall; [sjlamnad effort, 
 parturition; colaind, colinn flesh, body; colach carnal, sinful; col sin; 
 colinn darling (melts with cuilen whelp) ; car aim to love; caratrad love; 
 carthach lover (Caratacus, Caradoc, McCarthy) ; W. calon, Bret, kalon 
 heart; Bret. sH heel; karein to love; karantS love; friends, relations; 
 kir dear, precious; O. C. Sara, Saravus, Sarius, Sarta, Salas, Sale, 
 Salera, Salia rivers ; salar trout ; Salassi (impetuous, mountain- torrents) ; 
 Carus, Carantonus rivers; Carantus, Caradh-dhounus, Carassounus, 
 Car-ausius. 
 
 Sk. same roots; sdr, gar to [melt], be feeble; saras water, marrow; 
 salilam -wateT; [syal], sel to [flow], speed; ati-sel to [melt, weary], tire 
 out. Gk. afaXo? grease, a fattened hog; olaXov saliva; aaXd? drivel- 
 ling; [atfaXoetq], alycxkoBiq oily, glossy, glittering; viQ-aXy)? bright, 
 
 young; xiqpoi; wax (melting); afip-ay^ a cave hollowed by water. 
 
 Lat. saliva; cera wax; caries [melting], rottenness; careo to lack. 
 
 Goth, bi-saulyan to soil, sully; saldra smut, scurrility; O. N., A. S., 
 
 O. H. G. slim saliva, slime; Eng. slim wasted. O. R. slina, Lith. 
 
 seile saliva; Lith. korit wax; R. salo fat; sorn[v]ii filthy ; seira sulphur, 
 
 wax; khvorat to pine, be sick. Ir. saile saliva; saill fat, grease; 
 
 sailach filthy; suit fat; W. halawg, Cor. halou, Bret, haloc filthy, filth; 
 Bret, hal saliva; hili sauce; huilein to soil, blacken; huiler soot; Fr. 
 houille coal. 
 
 Sk. same root; saras salty (making mouth water, producing saliva) . 
 -Armen. al (gen. ali) salt. Gk. SX? fem. sea; masc. salt; SXs? 
 
 wit; SX[i,Y] brine; SXto? marine; B^ilfn to salt. Lat. sal salt; salsus, 
 
 salinus salt, hviny ; salsugo brine; salsamentum sauce. Goth, salt 
 
 salt ; saltan to salt ; 0. H. G. sulza brine. O. R. soli salt ; slanu salted ; 
 
 slatina brine; Lith. (gen.) salnes, Lett. sals. Ir. sdl sea; salann salt; 
 
— 164 — 
 
 saillim to salt; W. halan, Cor. haloin; Bret, halen salt; O. C. Sal-uxsia 
 (salt-water, Selzbach) ; Salsulae Pons (Salses) . 
 
 Sk. same root; sri to flow away; saras brook; sar to [melt]; saras 
 
 water, marrow, sour cream, curds. Gk. (jspd? yesterday (melted, 
 
 fled) ; dpdq, dppd?, oiipo? whey, drippings. Lat. serum whey; sero 
 
 too late (aepds); serus late; sero-tinus evening. A. S. sHr sour. 
 
 Lith. suris, O. R. s[v]iru cheese; R. s[v]ir cheese; s[v]iroi moist, raw, 
 rainy. Bret, silr sour; huren bad-weather, gloomy. 
 
 Sk. (ur, sur to be solid, [round, turgid]; svar to flash round, orb; 
 (val, gal, kvel, kshvel, hval to whirl about, tremble; hvri to curve, coil; 
 (ulv to pour out, cast metal, create, measure out; gulvam copper; 
 gulvarl sulphur. Gk. [u/uXt)], uXy] wild-wood, turgid nature; grow- 
 ing and prepared lumber; material, matter, fire-wood; uXijetq wooded; 
 uXy)(ji.« jungle; "YXa? wild-wood; favorite of sun; draws water from 
 river which draws it down to jungle and swamp; [a/aXao?], ccXcoi; 
 [luxuriant] meadow, grove, sacred grove (untrimmed p. ii6); [aj:eX(ta], 
 asK\x.a, aeXf? logs, lumber, ship-timber, planks; HfeXkoi barefoot 
 priests, living savage life at Dodona; eXXd the shrine of Dodona; 
 (joX-ofxtuiiioq forest-home; primitive language; aauXo? wanton; (jeXivov, 
 •rcsxpoalXtvov parsley (rock-spray) ; [iTf]oX-uveoq, [swelled-end], green 
 
 fig; adXo? iron casting. Lat. [svaltus], saltus wild land, forest, 
 
 pasture; [sulva], silva forest; \sulvur], sulfur sulphur; salix willow 
 
 (water-nursed, eager-sprout) . Goth, uf-svalleins inflation; 0. N. svell 
 
 ice (enlarged water; burster); svella to swell; sval wave, cool wmd; 
 
 O. H. G. salaha willow. R. solod malt; khvalit to boast; sulit to 
 
 promise; sila force, energy; svarit to bubble up, boil. Ir. [svolt], 
 
 folt foliage, hair; suit luxuriance, fatness; [sveoil], fedil flesh; fola, fuil 
 blood; sail (Cor. heligen) willow; W. gwallawiad profusion; Cor. 
 valtovat fertility Z. 1073; W. hail, Bret, ha^l profuse, bountiful; 
 Bret, hoalein to swell, overflow; haul billow; Fr. saoul, soul one's fill; 
 svelte well-formed, rounded; sylphe force of nature; O. C. Nanto-svelta 
 fruitful vale (goddess); Curio-solitae lords of the forest; Svelteri; 
 Haelonus ; Saelini ; Sulvanectes ; Suallia. 
 
 Sk. ri, ri to speed (p. 149) ; sri (sardmi) to speed, flow; sru (sravami) 
 to flow, flow away, melt, perish, pour out; 5nz; to flow, be drained, dry; 
 sravas flow, drip, liquid; sravantl, srotas stream; srans to fall; sranh to 
 [rush, plunge], be confident; srank to move; sri^ to pour out, beget, 
 
 create (v. p. 126). Gk. plu (psuow) to flow; ^s/d?, ^dos, psOiia 
 
 stream; poi^, pijjcq, peuacq flow; ^IsGpov channel, stream; piia^ stream, 
 
— 165 — 
 
 lava; pij;j,r) force, rush, current, gutter, lane; p(io[i.at to rush; p(i[jn) force; 
 puvvuyii to strengthen; Ipwsu to rush, force; peoGwv nose; Eu-ptiTa?. 
 
 Lat. rumen udder; Rumindlis river-side; Roma river-town; 
 
 [rovur], robur strength, oak? ruina [flood], ruin; rivus stream; rvualis 
 
 racer, rival; i?ef ate well-watered (rosearura Velini). Goth, rinnan to 
 
 run, flow; runs a ra.ce; rinno torrent; ufar-ranneins sprinkling. Lith. 
 
 sraviu to flow, bleed; srove flow; O. R. struya flowing; o-strov island 
 
 (f euphonic) ; R. rov ditch? ronyat to let fall; u-ron loss. Ir. sriiaim 
 
 stream; sruth flow; srath riverside, valley; srdn (W.ffroen, Bret. fren = 
 svron) nose; rdn seal (blowing) ; srennim to snore; W. ffrwd, Cor. frot, 
 Bret, frut, fraud stream; W. ffreu torrent; O. C. Frudis (river); 
 Friius, Frodesium. 
 
 Sk. sru, gru to flow, [bleed], perish ; sru^, gruvas an altar-ladle (for 
 
 blood); kravyam, kravis raw flesh; kruras bloody, cruel, horrible. 
 
 Zd. khr^ra horrible. Gk. xpla? (-aTo?) raw flesh, carcase; xpioq, 
 
 xpundq deadly cold (blood-curdling draining, drying, destroying; cf. 
 Medusa as winter-goddess with devouring teeth) ; xpuepdq death-cold, 
 horrible; xpaupo? [frozen], dry, brittle; xpuistq deathly cold; xpuoTat'vu 
 
 to freeze; xp^oxaXXos ice, crystal. Lat. cruor gore; cruentus bloody; 
 
 crudelis cruel; crudus raw; crusta hard biscuit, galetta. O. H. G. 
 
 hrio corpse; hr&o raw; O. N. hraer corpse; \hlys], hlyr [mantling with 
 blood], cheek; Wj/n [blood] brother; A. S. hledv hlood-he&t, luke-warm; 
 hredh fierce; hredv woe; hredvan to rue; Goth, hraiva-dubo [mourning], 
 
 turtle-dove. 0. R. kruvi blood; Lith. krauyas blood; kruvinas 
 
 bloody. Ir. crilu, crU, crd blood; cr6 death; crii-fechta battle-crow; 
 
 cru raw; crdn [blood], red, copper; Bret, krevein to die (crever) ; kri raw, 
 hard, cruel (Lat.?); kriit strong; krisein to harden, freeze; 0. C. 
 Crovius; Mare Cranium frozen ocean; Cravum plain of- stones near 
 Aries. 
 
 Sk. sri, svri, gri, kri (krindmi) to [whirl], shoot, wound; kri (kirami) 
 to whirl, dash round, pour, fill; vi-khur to sprinkle round, dash, pour; 
 Mrn to [whirl], mash, grind; gran to [dash round], be bountiful; kur 
 to [whirl]; burn; rob; gri (grinami) to stir, mix;, cook; grd (p.p. gritas 
 and grdnas; caus. grapaydmi) to cook; a-gir sacrificial drink of soma 
 
 juice and milk; Uarus mixture of milk and butter; an earthen pot. 
 
 Gk. xep(i(vvu(jic, xepctu, xipv(iu, to [stir], mix [wine and water], temper, 
 flavor; i-xlpato? unmixed, pure, strong; Kspauv kitchen god; xlpvo? 
 sacrificial bowl; xpoTri^p mixing bowl; 5ipi8iQ barley (porridge); 3cpi]viQ, 
 xp«va spring, fountain; xpouvd? spring, stream, channel, pipe; Kpdvo? 
 revolving time, evolution; xopiiviq club, mace; x(5poq, broom; xopeci) 
 
— 166 — 
 
 to [whirl], sweep; xopeu, xoplvvuiAi to fill to brim, satiate; xopo; 
 satiety; grown lad (cf. alo, altus; melts with xoOpo? shaveling); >i6pts 
 bed-bug; upaixdtXY] intoxication (caus. grapayami to stir, whirl) ; xpatxvii; 
 
 swift, active. Lat. curro to speed, run; corona garland; cremo to 
 
 wrap in flames, bum; cerevisia beer. Goth, [hvairvan], hvairban to 
 
 revolve; ga-hvairbs versatile, easy; hrainyan to wash off, rinse; hrains 
 clean, rein; O. N. hver kettle, geyser; hroera to whirl, stir, move, 
 ruhren; hreinsa to rinse; hyr whirling fire ; hryn-siarra.ging sea; hronn 
 
 billow. R. koretz bucket ; koren root (pipe) ; kran fountain; kormit to 
 
 fill, feed; kurit to distil, smoke. Ir. coire (W. pair; Cor., Bret, per) 
 
 kettle, pot; coirm (W. cwrw, Cor. corum, coruf, O. C. otouptxi) beer; cern 
 cooked food; curach [round bowl], boat, coracle; cure whirling crowd; 
 currech whirlpool (Corry-vrechan) ; confluence of water, swamp, 
 rushes; Gael, corrie round glen; Bret, korri-vellat to whirl, gambol; 
 korri-gan (Ir. corri-gan) whirling sprite (Ir. geMift= genius); 0. C. 
 Aquae Querquernae hot-springs; Perperna. 
 
 Sk. same roots; vi-Mhur to sprinkle, dash round, pour, fill; kshar 
 (kshardmi) to drop, pour, leak away, perish; caus. to [splash, defile], 
 accuse; kshar as fleeting, vanishing (a cloud, water; cf. sdr, gar to melt, 
 faint) ; kshara [molten] glass; apa-skaras excrement; kshal {kshdlayamt} 
 to wash away (p. 162); vi-khur to pour out; kharas [bilious, fevered], 
 hot, exhausting, parching, hoarse, severe; khalas wretched, had; khor, 
 khol [bloodless, faint], lame ; Mai, Mull to be wanton ; Mill to be melted, 
 softened ; khalvatas bald ; hira [gushing] artery ; hlra gut ; hil to be wan- 
 ton; khar^ to wash, wring out, vex; kar^ to vex; karkagas hard, rough; 
 karkatas crab ; garkard a pebble (water-washed, hard) ; gulv to melt, 
 
 found, create; gulvam copper; gulvdris sulphur. Gk. ^oXi^ gut; 
 
 ^oXIpa vomiting, flux; xo^f^S^q bowels; 76X0? bile, gall (drainings of 
 body); fierceness, anger; ^oXoo^Aott to be angry; /auXi-dSouq; with 
 foaming tusks; xiXio? [sea-sand], a thousand (cf. tiiipt'o?); xuXo? 
 sap, juice (melts with xij\>.6<;) ; XwXd? lame ; xotXdo) to be faint, to droop; 
 to slacken, loose; /aXapoq languid, faint; a^oXi^ indolence, leisure, ease; 
 XixkaX^a pouring rain, hail (melts with Sk. hrdduni) ; xekciuav, ^eXissoitat 
 to hawk, spit; xeikoq lip (moistened; slavering); x^Xu? tortoise (slimy, 
 cf. Ey-xsXu? eel) ; the tortoise-shell represents heaven arching over 
 earth, and he is sacred to Hermes and Aphrodite; therefore %{k- [&yi\, 
 "dear tortoise " ; the dawn shoots his golden rays across heaven's vault 
 and strings nature's lyre; [^uXd^u, ouXil^u], iXd^w to drain dregs, 
 strain (cf. aiXw) ; xaXti».a? drunken, wanton; /aXt? unmixed wine; 
 (J-cj/aXaw, d;-<;xiXX&) to be grieved, troubled {& intens.) ; xaXivd? bit, bridle, 
 (vexing, foaming; Sk. khalinas bit); cxXiQpd? hard, severe; xXijpo? 
 
— 167 — 
 
 pebble, lot; xi^-i^ pebble (garkarS); xapxfvo? crab; oxwpfa slag, dross; 
 onup {(5v.on6<;) excrement; ffxIXXw to drain, parch, dry; a%eks.i6q with- 
 ered; x^ppoc, xipaoq dry, parched, arid; ?ep6q, ?if)po? dry, hungry, 
 
 pale, exhausted; [^wXyjv], cwXi^v gutter, pipe. Lat. calx lime-stone, 
 
 lime (melting; burning); calculus pebble; fel gall; fellitus, felleus 
 bitter, angry; fuligo soot; screo to eject, spit; ex[s]cretnentum; scoria 
 slag; scelus defilement, crime, villain; sceleratus, scelestus; squaleo to be 
 filthy; sulfur sulphur? [hareo], area to be dry; aridus dry; hira gut (Sk. 
 hira) ; hilla sausage ; haru-spex insoector of entrails, diviner; hari-olor to 
 divine ; helluo greedy-gut, glutton ; hernia rupture (protruding entrail) . 
 
 0. N. skarn excrement; hr&ki spittle; hregg heavy rain; harna to 
 
 urinate; Goth, horinon to commit adultery (cf. [>.oix6<;, mingo); Dan., 
 Sw. gdlle, gal the gill of a fish (^eiXo?); O. N. gil a mountain brook, 
 
 glen; gelda to [drain], castrate; O. H. G. galWgaW. O. R. zhluki, R. 
 
 zholk bile, gall; 0. R. zheluvi, zhelvi tortoise, snail; R. zhila vein, nerve 
 {hild) ; khiliy feeble, sick; kholostit to castrate ; kkvorat to be ill ; shUelok 
 lye, soft soap; skvernit to defile; Herniy foul, black. Ir. cl6,r [water- 
 washed stone; smooth surface], table; W. ysgarth excrement; Bret. 
 sklir limpid, bright; skUren new ice, white of egg; O. C. Clarenna. 
 
 Sk. grl, fra to stir, cook;fento stir, pour, fill; fen {karomi,kurve, p.p. 
 kritas) to shape, round, make, do, reflect; krl {kdraye) to know; 
 karman, kriyd deed, ceremony, sacrifice; kritis, deed, poem; krU to 
 make known, glorify; kartri maker, creator; karanas deed, business; 
 karanam cause; kdras labor, effort; kratus power, sacrifice; karas 
 hand, payment; ^ar to go about, accomplish (p. i6o) ; (rath to make an 
 
 effort, twist, untwist, bind, loose. Zd. kaqeredha crafty. Armen. 
 
 kaHard magician; Osset. Hard smith. Gk. Kpdvo? developer, creator; 
 
 xpefuv, xpluv planner, master; xpafvo) to effect, accomplish, rule ; xpefaacov 
 stronger, better; xpctxo? might; xpaTspd?, xapxspo? strong; xpavti^p, 
 effecter; wisdom-tooth; oclpSo? gain, profit; ndpSoxo? kneading-trough 
 {dp) ; 5tepa(x.eu<; potter (p. 165) ; xaXaSo? round basket, press,mold; (grath) 
 
 iiXw6w to spin. hat-CerusManus good creator; Ceres; creo to create; 
 
 cresco to develop, grow; con-cretus compact; carmen hymn, poem 
 (xo(iQ[jLa) ; Carmenta (creatress, paired with Egeria developer) ; cerdo 
 workman, shoemaker; crates wicker-work, hurdle; termination -crum, 
 
 -clutn (simulacrum; gubernaculum) . Goth, hrotheigs glorious, victor; 
 
 haldan to keep cattle; haldis better; skildus shield (hard-grip; cf. O. N. 
 hlif) ; 0. N. hardhr strong, bold, hsird; Mr dha to take pains, keep sheep, 
 guard; hirdhir herdsman; horskr reasonable; hor linen; hold flesh 
 (kneaded); holdr man. A. S. heard winter-stock, store; heordh hearth; 
 hild battle; huld (Goth, hulths) noble, gracious (xpdtoq; Held melts 
 
— 168 — 
 
 with hyldo p. 153); O. N. Bryn-hildr (victorious glory) the virgin 
 snow, wooed by Siegfried the sun during the eight days of yule, on the 
 mountain-peak crimsoned by his southern rays. The keen sword of 
 winter air lies between them. Their daughter is As-laugr (bath of 
 the gods) , the clear mountain-stream. Bryn-hildr crowns the summer 
 valley, but her heart is in the north. She effects the ruin of Siegfried, 
 and returns to the icy sleep which Odin had inflicted upon her for 
 
 preferring the new year to the old. Lith. kuriu to build; R. Marodei 
 
 magician (kaMard) . Ir. cerd handiwork, craft, smith, poet ; cerda forge; 
 
 cred tin; cermna fashion, sculpture; an invention, plot; cern victory 
 (xpafvu) ; earn stone-heap, monument of victory ; cruth shape, form ; corthe 
 pillar; cruithnecht crop, corn; croda, crodacM courage (hardhr); crilaid 
 hard , solid ; crand tree ; eland offspring ; eliath hurdle ; cret wagon-frame ; 
 human body; ereth knowledge; ealad, calath (W. calet) hard, (xpaxo?); 
 W. priein to mold, knead; pri potter's clay; eerdd art; eerddeu poems; 
 Bret. korHein to knead, curry; kere shoemaker; O. C. Cermanus, 
 Germanus smith {officina Cermani); Cerdu-belus; Ceretius; Cacurda 
 (cf. Zd.) ; Caledonii (hard. Held) ; Caletes, Celtae; Carnutes. 
 
 Sk. kri to dash round, pour, fill; kri to shape, form, make, reflect; 
 karas hand; karabhas palm of hand; causal forms in / and p; klip 
 (kalpami) to be rounded, formed, become, be; causative (kalpaydmi) 
 to make, create, [dash round], be liberal, give; upa-klip to prepare; 
 pra-klip to [dash round], give, [deal blows], punish; kalpas [rounded, 
 formed], similar; a revolving period of creation; klap to roll in mouth, 
 mumble; krip to be [twisted], plucked, wretched, weak; karpdsas 
 cotton (plucked, carded) ; kar paras skull (rounded, stripped, scraped) ; 
 kalpanam shaving, cutting; kalpakas barber; kripdnas sword; hence 
 roots of gripping, shaping, whirling, wrapping, stripping, stealing, 
 hiding; ^ram=car^^^ warn, to undertake, set out, travel; dramas step, 
 succession; klam, gram to be fatigued; grambh to [grip fast], be con- 
 fident. Gk. xapicdi; wrist; (grip, cf. x^xu?) ; fruit, com, harvest, profit 
 
 (plucked); xapxfi^toto pluck, enjoy; xpuxiov sickle; xapxaXciJLO?, xpaixvo; 
 nimble, quick; xapxata scuffle with cattle-thief; xXIxtw to seize, snatch, 
 steal; %^t]%lz high-boot (leg-gripper) ; xccpipiQ hay, straw; xapfsta fruit, 
 chips; xdtptpo? chips, dry wood; xaptpdw to shrivel, dry; xpaix^o? shrivel- 
 ing; xdpixa [plucked] wool, [skimmed] cream. Lat. carpo, de-cerpo to 
 
 pluck, twitch, find fault; decrepitus worn out, old; carptim by snatches; 
 clepo to steal; crepo to rattle, twitter, chirp; crepusculum twitter- 
 time, dawn; crepundiae rattles, castanets, (bones); clupeus shield 
 
 (gripped) . Goth . hlifan to steal ; hliftus thief ; Ger . [hram] Rohm, A. S. 
 
 ream cream (xapjia) ; 0. N. hltf shield (clupeus) ; harpa harp (twitched); 
 
— 169 — 
 
 harma to pluck, vex, harm; hrammr claw, outstretched hand; hripa to 
 snatch (cf. form %pd<^^o<;) ; hrapa to rush; hreifr eager, cheerful; hraufa 
 to tear; hrafn raven; hrifa to grip, hold, rub; hropa (Goth, hropyan) 
 [increpare] to revile, defy, whoop, shout; skelfa to shake; A. S. hearfest 
 
 harvest. Lith. kerpu to cut, shear; R. fem/^ii to strengthen ; Merpat 
 
 to draw water (v.£knii pitcher) ; kropit to sprinkle ; kropat to claw. 
 
 Ir. crob hand, fist; crabud religion (held fast); crdeb twig (plucked); 
 crip, crib swift; W. craf claw; crefydd fist; Bret, krabon claw; krabisat 
 to scratch; krapein to climb; skrapein to steal; krib comb; O. C. 
 Crobiso. 
 
 Sk. klip to lay hold, make, do, give, [snatch from foe]. Gk. 
 
 xapx(t^o(j.oe( to set free. Goth, hlifanto steal; hliftus thief; hleibyan to 
 
 help (devTtXan^dveuGat) ; hlaibs, hlaifs, bread (staff of life when game fails) ; 
 ga-hlaiba comrade; hilpan to help; A. S. hlaf-veard, hldford bread- 
 ward, lord; hlaef-dige, bread-kneader, lady. 
 
 Sk. pra-klip to dash round, strike, punish; kalpanam cutting; 
 
 garv, garb to [pounce], wound, kill (p. 143). Gk. xoXaxxu to 
 
 strike, peck, chisel; xoXaipfJ^w to slap; xoXa^ppll^a) to dance round wildly; 
 xaXxit^w to gallop; xopi^ai; dancing dervish; xopiixTW to butt; xpeiJi^aXa 
 rattles, castanets; xoXu(jLpdw to dive; xoXufji^o? diver; xoXui^^f? the 
 
 grebe. Lat. coluber snake (coiling, writhing, pouncing); columba, 
 
 palumba pigeon (whirling, diving ; cf . dive, dove) ; plumbum lead (diver, 
 
 dove-color). 0.'N.hldupa,0.}l.G. hloufan to leap, run. R. klubit 
 
 to whirl; klubok ball; klub whirling smoke; kolebat to shake. Ir. 
 
 colha rod; colbthach young heifer (prancing). 
 
 Sk. klip (kalpaydmi) to form, shape, create, [wreathe, encircle]; 
 
 kharparas, karparas, [rounded] skull; karpasas [boiled] cotton. 
 
 Gk. jw5XXoi}i lyre-peg (twisting, winding); xoXxo? womb, fold, hollow 
 bay; x«Xijxtu, xpiixTU, to wrap, veil, hide; >i(itXu(j.[i.a veil; 5iXetJiiJi,u<; 
 tortoise; KaXuipti veiling darkness, evening; xdXxt? rounded jug; 
 xaXii^if) thatched hut; xpw^iiXo? roll of hair, top-knot {volvo); xopuipij 
 crown of head; xdpuiJiPo? peak, crest, cluster; xpf^avoq, xXf^avo? 
 
 covered baking-pan. Lat. corpus body (formed in womb); corbis 
 
 basket; scirpus rush; creber twisted together, many-ply; celeber 
 
 thronged, crowded. Goth, hvarbon to revolve, go round; hvilf-tri 
 
 covered chest, cofSn; A. S. kvealf vault, arch; hvelp whelp (rounded in 
 womb) ; hvyrft revolution, regular motion ; hveorfan to roam, fly, shift 
 (of wind) ; hrof roof; O. H. G. sciluf rush. R. korobit to bend, con- 
 
 ' tract, round; krovlya roof; korob basket, round box; korabl canoe, boat, 
 
 ( 
 
— 170 — 
 
 ship; skrivit to bend, twist. Ir. scolb wattle, thatch; cliab basket; 
 
 colba hut-pole; carbad wagon (framed, cf. charpentier) ; W. cerbyd, 
 Bret, [kalbez], kalvez carpenter; O. C. carpentum wagon; Carbantorix; 
 Carpetani (roving). 
 
 Sk. klip to round, [wreathe]; kram to go [round], reach [end]; 
 
 kramas step, way, order; krimis worm (writhing, coiling). Gk. 
 
 7ipeii.(4vvui«,t to hang up (worm hanging from tree by web); xpijjivrjui 
 to be suspended, oscillate, hover; 5tps(i,dc6pa hanging basket; xpi]|tvi; 
 beetling crag; v-pi^uov onion (concentric layers, cf. unio); xhi^aiii; 
 
 coiling vine; bound fagot. Lat. crumena pouch, purse; Crentera 
 
 winding channel ; cremare to [wreathe in flame], bum, cf . Sk. tap, dip. 
 
 Goth, hramyan to hang up, crucify; O. H. G. [hram], ram hanging 
 
 rack; O. N. fenwi hovering soot, hoar-frost, rvca.e,frimas\ skrdmr moon; 
 A. S. [hrint], rmbrim, rim;0. N. skrimsl dragon; Ger. krumm;O.E.Q, 
 skirm [hanging curtain], screen; [h]rams garlic; Eng. to squirm. — R, 
 skromniy [veiling], modest; kromka border, rim; kromei except [those 
 
 outside]; Lith. kirminis, R. Iserv worm. Ir. crommaim to bend; 
 
 cromm curved, rounded, crooked; croman (W. creman, cryman) sickle; 
 Cromanus harvester; creamh garlic; cruim, W. pryv worm; Bret' 
 krommein to bend; krom curved, aquiline; krommeten rainbow; O.C. 
 Crumerum; Cremona river bend. 
 
 Sk. sri to flow; saras stream; garas water; gal gval, gvall to run, 
 whirl, shake, wrap; hul to hurl, wrap, cover; kshal to wash; spulen; 
 kshal, khal to sweep together; khalas threshing-floor; kel, kvel, kshv'd, 
 kel, khel to move, vacillate, swing round ; Mai to move, swing, go [round]; 
 ut-kal to rise ; kal, kull to sport round, dandle, nourish ; Mhalas [hunter's 
 toils, net], fraud ; Mhallis [enveloping] skin, bark; Hul to sink [in vortex); 
 Ml to wrap, clothe ; kal to whirl, circle, revolve in mind, reflect, repeat, 
 count; kal to calculate time; kdlas time, appointed time, fate, god 
 of night and death (v. p. i6o); kail to [repeat], mumble; kal,kr 
 to sound; kalas sweet-voiced; kallolas rolling wave; kalyas returning 
 dawn; well, healthy; kalyam to-morrow; kalyanas lucky; kilos fire- 
 drill, flame; kil to wrap, bind; kul to whirl, roll together; d-Wto 
 whirl, disturb; kulam herd, clan; kal to wrap, cover, protect; i«i* 
 curve, slope, curved shore; kolas haunch, ham, hog; M to dash rounii, 
 pour, fill; kri to round, make, fulfil, do; kar to go about, roam, 
 effect, learn; skhal to whirl, tremble, totter; khor, khol to be lame 
 (p. i66); karv, kharv, to [brandish], be proud; karv to grind, chew; 
 kharvas, kharbas torn, mutilated; kark redup. to go round, repeat 
 
— 171 — 
 
 read; to [brandish], threaten; kil to veil; [kakara], kakram wheel, 
 
 quoit, army, province; Harita, karana action. Gk. xdXo)? [twisted] 
 
 rope; xuXiw to roll, circle, loiter; xuXfvSw to roll, toss, whirl; xaXd? 
 beautiful, good (kalyas); y.sXXw to drive; §oux6Xoi; cattle-driver; 
 xlXiQi; runner; xlXsu0oi; way; (i-xoXou0o? companion; xdXXt^ roll of 
 bread; xoXXdtw to [knead], weld, glue, frame; xoXXupiov poultice, 
 salve; xoXouw to twist off, dock, maim; (karv, Marv, Harb to whirl, 
 grind, chew off); xoXo^dq maimed, torn by wild beasts; xoXain? 
 cutting short, pruning, punishment; xoXed?, xouXeov envelope, scab- 
 bard; ■KOikia belly, bowels; xoiXo? hollow; xoinuXXu to glance round; 
 xtoXiio) to [bind], hinder; axuXXw to tear, strip, mangle; xuXXd? cripple; 
 cxuXov spoils; axiXo? hide, husk; axuXdw to wrap, veil; cxoXu^o? 
 artichoke; axijXa^ whelp (rounded in womb); axoXtd? crooked; ctxwXt)^ 
 worm, twisted thread ; xwXov limb (turning on joint) ; axoXot]; sharp 
 stake, thorn (boring); xop-/wvi<; a wreath (rounded, twisted); xop-/wvT) 
 crooked, crook-beaked; crow (cf. falx, falco); xopaXXiov coral (twist). 
 
 Lat. colus distaff; qualus, quall]sillus round basket; colo to wring 
 
 out, strain ; colostra cheese ; cucuUus, culullus hood, round cup ; collum 
 neck (turning); collis ridge, hill? culina kitchen (stirring, cooking); 
 calvus bald {karv) ; coelebs unmarried (xoXo^di; half a man, cf. Ir. 
 Idnamnas full-soul, wedlock) ; curvus, curved ; quisquiliae peelings, 
 trimmings; cello to drive, speed; ex-cello to outrun; celer swift; callis 
 path; calo mule-driver, baggage-man; -culum termination of instru- 
 ment (karana) ; —cuius fond diminutive termination (kalyas) ; cucurbita 
 
 gourd ; corvus raven ; corona wreath ; corylus hazel-nut (enveloped) . 
 
 Goth, halba portion; halbs half; hulyan to wrap, veil; hulundi cavern; 
 hals a neck; hveila [revolving] time; hveilan to delay, rest; hails (A. S. 
 hM) sound, well {kalyas); O. N. halla to bend; hellir cavern; holr 
 hollow; hvila to [coil, wrap up], rest, sleep; hvel circle, disk, wheel; 
 hveila to ring OMt ; holl (A. S. hSl) [rounded] heel, back, rear, stem; 
 0. H. G. skiulla, O. N. kollr skull; Scotch scul bowl; Swed. skrdlla 
 to waver voice, be shrill (xopaXXtov) ; O. N. skrellig Indian (whooper) ; 
 Dan. kravle, O. N. krafla to writhe, crawl; Norman? escroll scroll; 
 O. N.krulla to curl ; Ger. Kralle [curved], claw, fist ; Karl, Karel, Karolus; 
 A. S. ceorl hard- fist, workman; Dan. skiule to wrap up, hide; redup. 
 skulke to coil up, be lazy, skulk; Goth, skalks slave; klikan to brood 
 
 on eggs; kalkinassus licentiousness; kelikn vault, upper story. R. 
 
 kol round stake; koltzo ring; [kolevat], kolebat to whirl, stir, hesitate, 
 float; koleino knee-joint; kerv worm; Men limb; krevo belly; krivoi 
 twisted; krai circumference, limit; Lith. kreivas twisted, spiral; 
 
 kuilys boar. Ir. cor, ciiairt circle, turn; crd hoop; crii raven; caille 
 
 veil {coille, xuXfu) ; caill [enveloping] forest; bua-chail herdsman; c6le 
 
— 172 — 
 
 companion; coll (W., Bret, coll, kalve) hazelnut; cdel fine-spun, thin; 
 cm7[lair] bed, comer; cuile kitchen; ciil [rounded] back; culad back 
 of head; culaid raiment; cularo cucumber; cullach boar (at bay); 
 cHar crooked, worm, screw ; cilaille stake (kilas) ; cruind, cruinn, W., 
 Cor. crwnn, Bret, cren round; Ir. crd, W. craw. Com. crow, Bret. 
 krdou (plu. krevier) fold, stall {crav. for curv); W. cor-wynt, Bret. 
 koruent whirlwind; Ir. cuilen, W. colwyn. Cor. coben, Bret, kolin 
 [embryo], whelp, fawn, [babe], darling (Colin); Ir. ciall (W. pwyll, 
 Bret, poelat) reflection, understanding; cedl song (verse, refrain); 
 cuicel distaff; coillim to grind, destroy; Bret, koulin rabbit; skoul hawk 
 (circling); W. [coire], caer, Bret, ker ring-wall, town; 0. C. caelia beer 
 (culina); Caelis, Caelius, Coeliobriga; Colinidcus (Coligny); Colius, 
 Culleium; [Corveius], Corbeius; Coera; Caerellicus; celicnon tower (from 
 Gothic). 
 
 Sk. kar, Uarv, karb, kharb, garb, gharb to go round; karu, garvto 
 [curvet], be proud; Mrv to [rub round, grind], chew; kshur, khur to 
 scrape off; kshal to wash off; kharvas mutilated; khallitas, khahatas 
 
 bald. Gk. -jfaXIft] weasel (gri, garv to devour) ; ya\e6<; shark; YapYaipu 
 
 to swarm (whirl); ydpYapa abundance; YapyaXii^u to [rub], tickle; 
 
 yapo? caviare; yaupo; curvetting, proud. Lat. calvus bald; calvor to 
 
 [pluck], detract. Ger. kahl bald. Ir. carbad jaw. 
 
 Sk. liar, Mai, Mull to move round, effect, whirl, sport; kal to count; 
 kal to compute time ; Mar anas action, foot ; redup . MarM to repeat, reflect, 
 read; MarMd reflection, rubbing round, anointing; garkarS pebble 
 (water-washed, glittering); kharg, kar^ to rub off, clean; karkaras 
 knuckle-bone, pea; karankas skull, cocoa-nut; karMatas crab (clawing, 
 stripping) ; karkagas hard ; Malagas urn ; MaliMa bud ; [MarMaram], Hakram 
 
 wheel; MrunM to be curved, [twisted], small. Gk. xaXi^, %kf\i^, 
 
 xpoxdXY] pebble; v.i%ko<i snail-shell, spiral; •K.i'ky^ limpet, murex, purple; 
 xaXj^afvti) to roll in mind; KaX^a? brooding night; slays Iphigenia, 
 the evening star; xiiXu^ cup of flower; forming fruit; xoXox6v8if) gourd; 
 [xoXo^6?], xoXoffffd? [totem-pole], colossus; xuxXoi; ring, circle; nipMS 
 circle; circler, hawk; xpixo? ring; xepxo? [ring], tail, handle, worm; 
 >cpox6-8etXo<; awful-tail, crocodile; xlpxw^) monkey; KfpxT] circling 
 moon; new moon in west; repeats nature's life in her loom; maddens 
 creation by monthly courses; guides Odysseus, the sun, to Hades; 
 mother of Telegonus the evening-star; Klpxcoi}*, KuxXui]); Suidas says 
 the KIpxuxs? (circles of heaven and earth) were twin brothers, respect- 
 ively hammer and anvil (cf. Sx(ji.«i)v, p. 8), and "children of Memnon 
 (morning-star) ; the KuxXuxs? are thus associated with the forge of 
 
— 173 — 
 
 Hephaestus; the horizon keeps the sun in his night-cave and destroys 
 his men (shortening days) ; at winter solstice sun bums out eye of 
 night (day star) and escapes under ram (golden morning cloud, as at 
 Colchis) ; KlxpoiJ; (father-night) is a coiling serpent, and is associated 
 
 with 'Epefff/euv, dew-on-the-ground (ipoiQ /9(ov). Lat. circus circle; 
 
 circum round about; circa, circiter about; circuo to circle; dingo to 
 
 gird. Goth. /jrwgga wand, rod; O.N. hringr (O.H.G. hrinc) circle^ 
 
 ring; hryggi (0. H. G. hrukki) back-bone (bending, twisting cf. 
 rickets); hryggva to bow down, grieve; hraukr rounded heap, rick; 
 hlekkr chain; A. S. [sjcr^c jug; scrincan to writhe, twist, shrivel, shrink, 
 shrug (Eng. scrag the neck); hulc den, cabin; hulce ship of burden; 
 
 [s]clingan to cling, cluster; Ger. schrdg oblique. R. krug circle, 
 
 globe; krugom round about; kriok circuit, hinge, hook; krinka jug; 
 
 [kolefo], koleso wheel; sorok forty (two-score); srok period. Ir. 
 
 crlch [circuit], boundary, region; criss girdle; crocen hide, skin (Corn. 
 crogen shell); crocan jug; criiach, criiachdn heap, rick; curach coracle; 
 clocan skull; clock flint, stone; cuicel (Bret, kigil) distaff; colg [whirling] 
 sword; Colgan; Bret, kerhat to wander round (chercher); kerhen 
 turn of neck; legend, story; kergaden, krogen shell; krohen hide; krog, 
 kriger twist, hook; krougein to hang; koailhein to roll together, curdle, 
 cailler; O. C. caracutium large- wheeled cart; corroco turbot; Cricconia; 
 Criciro (crocker, potter) . 
 
 Sk. kal, ^al to whirl; lehallis hide, bark; khalas [encircling net], de- 
 ceit, fraud; Hil to wrap, clothe; kilas dart, fire-drill, flame; khilas 
 stripped, emptied; khel to whirl; Uelas robe. Gk. xfXXt^ crook- 
 homed; axEXXa squill, bulb (concentric layers); cxeXo? shank (twist- 
 ing; xarA oxeXos is ambling); xfXXo? donkey; xiXXf^aq three-legged; 
 easel; KdXa/iq veering wind-god; [wind-blown sky; blue]; turquoise. 
 
 Lat. celo to wrap, hide; [celam], clam, secretly. Goth, hulyan to 
 
 wrap; Ger. schalen to peel. R. shalit to sport round, trick, cheat; 
 
 shalash round hut. Ir. celim to hide; 0. C. Cala protecting harbor; 
 
 Partus Cale = i. Oporto, 2. Portu-gal; Burdi-gala (p. 70); Call-eva = 
 ancient ring- wall; Calava potter; Calaus. 
 
 Sk. sri to flow; srans to plunge down, fall; sranh to [pounce], 
 ' be bold; srank, prank, (rang, flank, glang to go [round]; gldgh to [brand- 
 ' ish], boast; sra^ garland; sragva cord; glakh to seize, embrace, fill to 
 
 brim; (lok to join, fashion, create; (lish to embrace, join. Ir. sreng 
 
 ' cord; srengim to drag; sraigell whip. 
 
 « 
 
 ■ Sk. sru, gru to flow, [bleed]; {gruvis], kravis ray/ flesh; sruk, gravas, 
 
— 174 — 
 
 yiavas] [claw, clutch], blood-ladle. Gk. vltifU, t^sf? (%kaUq) tie- 
 beam, rower's bench, collar-bone, bar, bolt, key; stXefw to close; xXodii; 
 neck-fetter, collar; xXT]i0pov, xXeiGpov door-bar; Dor. xXi^ key (influenced 
 
 by (lakh). Lat. clavis bar, key; davus bar, stripe, club; dava club; 
 
 daudo to close (affected by grath to bind); daustrum bar; c/a«d«s 
 
 [hobbled], lame. 0. H. G. sliuzSn to close; sloz bar, lock; Eng. 
 
 slat, sloat cross-bar, tie, wagon-bar; slot hook of bar; M. H. G. slnze 
 sluice, water-gate (cf . Mid to be wet) ; A. S. [sdavn], davn, dd claw 
 
 (gripping). 0. R. klyuM key, hook; klyutzati sen to gather; R, 
 
 klioU key, fountain (sluice); kliov beak; kl[v]ik hook, boar's tusk; 
 
 kleitka cage, stake. Ir. dil, dd nail, bar; ddaim to nail; W. cloeu. 
 
 nail; Bret. ifeZoM goad, nail; ^Zaikiw to bolt, bind; O.C.C/auewMa fortress. 
 
 Sk. 5ri, srw to flow; sar, far to be [drained], weak; kshar to flow 
 away; kri to dash round, pour, fill; fri to thrust, make effort; (ridh 
 to break wind, be wet, [splash], mock; klid to be wet; klind, hid, 
 kland to weep ; krad, krand to mourn ; khrid, Uhard to vomit, dash out, 
 flash out, sport round ; kard to rattle (of intestines) ; kart to loosen, 
 relax ; grath, glath, granth to be weak, lax, loosen ; to make an effort, 
 exhilarate; to bind, loose [with gut, cord]; kartt to loosen; gran ioh 
 bountiful (dash round); kurd, kurd to dance round, sport; kraias 
 vortex, deep pool; [dashing] lightning; hradini torrent, stream; kad ; 
 to rumble, thunder; hldd to be merry; granth to bind; grath to be i 
 
 bent. Gk. xXul^co (xexXuatJiat) to flow round, wash over, away, 
 
 out; to wash, rinse, cleanse; xXijSwv billow, flood; xXuajia swash, 
 flow, beach; xeXaSew to roar (of water) ; to shout; xXciSuve? bacchantes 
 (drenched, whirling, wild); KXujxIvtq a nereid; xXafw (xXausu) tx) 
 weep; v.'Ka,M<!ao\t.ai to surge; xXaSapd? languishing, faint, wanton; 
 6Y.'kdZ,(>> to be faint, weak, sink, squat; x^ijSoi; slime; ^Xi^Sifis eunucii; 
 %XiB(ia) to be wanton, weak; ^^XaSco to exult (hldd) ; ^sXiSwv swallow 
 (circling, merry); ^oXotSs? bowels; xophri gut; xotXal^a dashing rain, 
 hail; axopStvioiJiat to retch, gape; ax6poSov garlic; aapSal^u to mock, 
 
 sneer, grin (sridh for gridh); aapBavto? bitter laughter. Lat. 
 
 dMo to purge; (kri; [krvi]); c/oaca sewer (influenced by f/dM to embrace, 
 fill to brim); Venus Cloanna; Sardi (dark, dumb); sordes filth (sri&)\ 
 sordidus filthy; surdus [whirling, confused], deaf; horda, forda preg- 
 nant (great womb./wpSr^). Goth, hlutrs washed, pure, bright; svarts 
 
 black; sviltan to waste away, perish; saldra scurrility, smut; 0. N. 
 svelta to starve, die; hldut sacrificial blood; hluta to take omens; 
 hland urine; gelda to geld; sordhinn defiled, shamed; A. S. g/od glit- 
 tering, bright, gracious; Low Ger. swyr ty an to sqaiTt; Ger. [sfeltern 
 to wring out. R. khobd cold (x&XoiC^a) ; kholostit to geld; solS 
 
— 175 — 
 
 to [soak], malt ; kolodetz well ; koldun sorcerer (rattling, dancing) ; 
 0. R. sladiti to be [gushing, refreshing], sweet; sladuku sweet; Lith. 
 
 saldus sweet (cf. xXciSwveq) . Ir. clad a ditch; claidim to ditch, dig; 
 
 cletine dart (dashed); W. clawdd, Cor. cledh, Bret, kkz ditch, sluice; 
 Bret, kliden testicle; klannein to be sick; skladen cream-skimmer; W. 
 chwerth, Cor. wherth, Bret, hoarh laughter; 0. C. Clouta, Clota (Cluath, 
 Cluad) ; ScuUanna, Scaldis rivers. 
 
 Sk. same roots; sri to flow; grl to stir; krl to dash round; gri to 
 dash spear; gridh to pour out; hrid, hridayam heart; hradinl thunder- 
 bolt; hrdduni hail; hrdd to rumble, thunder; hradinl torrent, stream; 
 hradas vortex, deep pool, roar of water; Mad to triumph, rejoice, 
 delight; grath, granth, glath, klath to exhilarate, make an effort, whirl, 
 encircle, wreathe ; whirl, shoot, kill (thunderbolt) ; grath, granth to 
 
 bend, bind, curve. Zd. zrdd to rattle. Gk. ^^aXal^a hail, pouring 
 
 rain, hard lump; x^pt^^P* torrent, gully, gorge; xa/Xit^u to dash, 
 splash, foam; xX(icS(o to triumph, exult; ^sXiSwv [circling] swallow; 
 
 ^IpaSoi; silt, shingle, gravel. Lat. grando hail, [rain]; suggrunda 
 
 eaves (under-pour) ; glans (glandis) [hail-stone, sling-stone], bullet, 
 acorn, testicle, gland; gradior to step proudly (war-dance); Mars 
 
 Gradivus; grandi- proud; hirundo swallow. A. S. great, (O. H. G. 
 
 grioz) grit, pebble, sand; grM meal; grindan to grind; Grendel (grind- 
 all) miasma, pestilence; Goth, grinda-fraihis ■weak-ravaAed; us-grudya 
 lazy, languid; gredon to [pine], hunger; O. N. granda to dash out, 
 lavish, injure ; grund bottom (dried torrent) ; foundation, earth ; gladhr 
 
 joyful. O. R. gradu hail; zhelandi, Lith. gile B.com; R. zheleza gland; 
 
 zheludok belly (pouring). Ir. glend, glenn ravine, glen; griiad ja.w 
 
 (grinder); O. C. Glando-miron, Grandi-miro; Gordonicum. 
 
 Sk. same roots; sri to flow; gri to boil; krl to sprinkle, fill; khrid 
 to whirl round, flash out, vomit ; kard to gurgle ; hrid, hridayam, hardi 
 heart; hardas love; grad-dhd [putting-heart], trust, faith; grad-dhavat 
 
 believing. Zd. zaredhaya, Bactrian zaredhaem heart (form ghardh) . 
 
 Arm. [girt], sirt (gen. srti; cf. R.). Gk. x^p, xlap, xapSfoe, xpaSJi] 
 
 heart (cf. xYJp with xijp fatal, p. i6i). Lat. cor {cordis); demin. 
 
 corculum heart; cordatus wise; ve-cors mad; Cardea goddess of viscera; 
 
 [cred-do], credo to believe. Goth, hairto heart; hairthra viscera; 
 
 O. H. G. hSrzd, heart. Lith. shirdis, Lett, sirds, O. Pr. sir heart; 
 
 0. R. sruditze, R. serdtze heart; R. serdit to be angry; sreda the middle. 
 
 Ir. cride heart ; cretim to believe ; cretem faith ; W. credu, [credath], 
 
 credaf, O. Bret, cridiff to believe; W. craidd, Cor. cred, ores, Bret. 
 kreiz the middle; W. creirwy jewel, O. Bret. Creirvia woman's name 
 
— 176 — 
 
 (cf. Ir. cushdda ma cride jewel of my heart); O. C. Credius, Credo, 
 Credulium. 
 
 Sk. (rath, granth to make an effort, [whirl round], shoot, be merry, 
 twist, untwist, bind, loose; (v. kartt p. i6i); Mrid to whirl round, 
 sport, flash round, [spirt round], vomit; kurd to sport round; krunth 
 
 to embrace, twist. Gk. xpaSacvu, xpaSaw, xXaSdu to swing, wave, 
 
 brandish, toss, tremble; xpaSr) sprig, twig, stage-lift; xXdSo? twig, 
 branch; xopSa^ whirling dance; xopSuXr) club; jtopu? (5ti5pu6os) crested 
 helmet; xopuo-CTW to crest, swell; K(ip!v6o<;; xopuai^s heaped up, full 
 measure; xopuSo?, xopuSwv crested lark; >ipdT«Xov rattle; xpoTsu to 
 
 rattle, hammer. Lat. cardo hinge; carduus thistle (crest); crista 
 
 crest; clades swinging blow, disaster; {cladius], gladius sword. — 
 O. N. hrinda, hrata to hurl, strike; hraustr brave; Madha to [toss to- 
 gether], heap up stones, load ; hraeddr trembling ; hradhr swift ; [s]klaedhi 
 [wrapped], cloth, garment; A. S. hredh triumph; hradhe quick, nimble 
 soon (rathe, rather); heorde twisted hair; hurds flax; hyrdil hurdle 
 hredher [ribbed] breast; hyrst equipment; hurst [tangled] forest; hreodh 
 yan, [s]cladhyan to wrap, clothe; clUd clod, cloud; scrild shroud, robe 
 
 tree-top. R. klast to toss together, put in place; klad gathered 
 
 treasure, loa.d ; skladivat to put together; sklad adjustment, proportion; 
 
 Uereda turn, order; koloda club. Iv. fo-cerdaim to hurl, whirl, sling, 
 
 set in place, strip off, roam round; ceird a step; cruth shape; cruini, 
 W. crwnn round; W. kerdded. Com. cerd journey; Bret, querzet, kerzei 
 to go; a trip; Ir. claideh sword; crothim to shake; crothla knocker; 
 crotharp; crithshiver, fever; criiWr spark ; O. C.Clado, CZodM^ ;Kepi6pio5; 
 Cerotus; Crito-somis beautiful spark; Crotus. 
 
 Sk. sri to flow; (ri to stir; hri (hare, hriyami, harishyami, desid. 
 ^ihirshdmi) to sweep away, tear away, be violent, seize, attack, bring, 
 offer, sacrifice; haranam sweeping away, seizing, grasping; an ann; 
 ghrinn to grasp ; ghurn to be swept round, whirled ; to veer, blow; 
 hvri to be bent; hil to pluck, dally; hri (haryami) to embrace, enjoy, 
 love, pray, [curse], threaten; haryatas dear; [hlish], glish to embrace, 
 bind; glish, grish to [wrap in flames], bum; krish to tear away, sweep 
 off, scratch (as wild beast) , plow ; krig to scrape down, make lean; 
 kri to [seek eagerly], buy; hrish (hrishydmi) to bristle with passion 
 (wild beast), lust, horror; to enjoy; hrishtas happy, delighted; Wi 
 to [be in a heat], whinny; hras, Mas to make a sound; hri (hrimte) to 
 growl; hri, hriUh to blush, be ashamed; ghrish to rub, excite, overflow, 
 beget, rival ; ghrishtis mbbing, rivalry, wild-boar; ghri, ghrin to sprinkle 
 
— 177 — 
 
 pour, moisten, glitter, sparkle; hird artery; ghritas melted butter; 
 ghrinas melting pity; ghrinis ray of light; hiranyam gold, wealth; 
 haris, harinas yellow, green, blooming; harit green; ghrd to snuff; 
 gras,glas to devour; grah, glah to grasp; gfearwoj heat; gri to moisten ; 
 grl to devour, roar; gridh to desire; gldi to [melt away], wear out; 
 |n, ^rihh, ^rimbh to gape at, bite off (wild beast) to shorten; |m to 
 conquer; |r* to [melt], boil, waste away; ^ar to pine with fever; |wo/ to 
 blaze; ^hald sunlight, splendor, beautiful girl, 
 
 Sk. hri to grasp, tear away; haras "the destroyer," fivas; hil to 
 
 pluck, dally; hal to [scratch], plow; halas plow. Zd. zar to snatch 
 
 away. Gk. ys.i^ hand; x^Xy) claw, talon; [porcupine's quill], netting- 
 needle, cleft, cleft-hoof, hoof; ^i^p hedge-hog; xi'lpac-<5? cleft, hollow; 
 XTip<5(i) to tear away, bereave; xh?'^ widow (bereft, half torn away, cf. 
 
 coelebs). Lat. her, er hedge-hog, sea-urchin; hilum, filum shred; 
 
 filix fern, bracken (spiked leaf) ; [h]ar-undo [water-spike], reed. A. S. 
 
 gdr, O. N. geir spear, dart, spit; 0. N. grein cleft, division, distinction, 
 groin; gil chasm; A. S. garu, O. H. G. giro point of land, gore; Goth. 
 gairu goad, sting; gairuni desire; Germani spear-men (cf. Tac. Germ.). 
 
 R. zhalo point, spike, dart, sting. Ir. gir sharp, sour; gU-cach 
 
 a reed ; the broom ; gilech spear ; Bret garheu goad ; garh bristling hedge . 
 
 Sk. hri (hare, hriydmi, harishydmi, hartum) to grasp, embrace; 
 haranam hand, arm, [armful], bearing, bringing, taking; haras snatch- 
 ing away; harmyam palace (guarded enclosure) ; harmutas tortoise 
 (shielded) ; hil to pluck, dally; hvri to [grasp, press], be curved (bow) ; 
 
 [hras], gras to devour; glah to grasp; gridh to desire. Zd. zar to 
 
 snatch away; zarazdd [enclosed, set apart], devoted, consecrated; 
 
 zaranh devotion; zrvan, zrvdna [assigned] time. Gk. x^f-p hand, 
 
 arm, action; eu-^spilS handy, easy, reckless, grasping; 5xo-xeipios, 
 Xlpr)? (comp. xepduv, /efpcov) subject, vassal, inferior; xspvi^; poor; 
 Xep^&q [handful], hurling stone; xpl^%i(o, to grasp, touch lightly, 
 press, draw near; xpauo to lay hands upon, be eager, attack, hand over, 
 deliver, supply, handle, use, stretch out hand, desire, consult oracle, 
 treat as friend; xpk<x profit, intimacy; necessity (grip); xplo? debt 
 (usury); xpeii) desire, need; X9'^ i* is [usual], right; xpijtiia property; 
 Xp^at? use; xp-Qaxnipiov oracle (zarazdd); ^dptos enclosure, meadow, 
 forage (melts with hvri to round; ghurn to whirl); xopo? circular 
 dancing-ground; ring-dance (hvri); yP<^<"'S. tpfioTts forage (gras); 
 7tXi5s, xstXiS? fodder (hil) ; xsiXo?, lip (eager, cf. p. 139) ; xXaiva, xXavf?, 
 
 xXaiJLiJ? cloaks (enveloping, embracing); xP°^os ti™e (Zd. zrvan). 
 
 Lat. haereo to cHng to, adhere, stick, delay (perf. [haersi], haesi; cf. 
 
 12 
 
— 178 — 
 
 hras, hrish); heres, (heredis) heir {gridh); hir-udo leech, (greedy); 
 hir-undo swallow (open-mouthed, eager)? hir, ir palm of hand; halo, 
 ifi-halo to pant for air, breathe ; hal-lucinor to grope for light, be dazed; 
 co-hors enclosure, farmyard, [household, clan], troop; hortus, garden; 
 
 hara pen, sty. Goth, gairnyan to need, desire; gards (0. H. G, 
 
 karto) enclosure, Hof, house, family, clan; midyun-gards circle of earth 
 within globe of heaven; garda paddock, stable; gredon to hunger; 
 O. N. gora to effect, act, cause to act; gerdh action, equipment; gardh 
 court-yard, hedge, farm; gerdhi fence; A. S. gyrdan to gird; gemd 
 wand; yard; gearve provision, furniture, xpiQ(i,aTa; gryn a net, trap; 
 gildan to yield, produce, pay, sacrifice; M. H. G. gerwen to prepare, 
 curry leather (xpaw) ; A. S. gedhl jaw (x«>-o?) ; Swed. gal gill of fisli; 
 O. N. gil mountain brook; Eng. ^ill mouthful, small measure; A. S. 
 gillan to yell with open mouth (gull); gUav neat-handed, skilful; 
 gled-man harper; Goth. (gg = f) glaggvo, 0. H. G. kldwer accurate, 
 skilful (cf. glah to grasp) ; O. N. gloggr grasping, avaricious, clever; 
 
 Goth, galga [throttling] gallows. Lith. gardas fold, hurdle; zhardis 
 
 paddock; 0. R. gradu wall, garden, town; R. khranit to contain ; Mraw 
 temple Qiarmyam) ; khorom[v]i raa-nOT ; gran limit, boundary; khoUHo 
 
 dally, caress (Ml). Ir. gil hand; gell pledge; giall hostage; gilk 
 
 young man, servant (hand) ; giall jaw ; gel (Cor. ghel) leech ; glinne firm, 
 secure; glass bar, lock; grinne bundle, band; gruth curds (pressed); 
 griiad jaw, cheek; gort garden, harvest; gorta hunger; gress handiness, 
 art, trick, attack; Bret, groein to do, act; gronnein to wrap, roll up; 
 grouiz garment, shroud; O.C. Eucarpos qui et Giltus (eu-xepi]?); Giltm, 
 Gillius; gronna circle, hoop. 
 
 Sk. hri (harydmi) to be eager, enjoy, love, pray; haryatas dear; 
 
 ghrinas melting pity; ghrinis ray of light. Gk. x^^P** to be glad; 
 
 Xapa, x&^'^oi. joy; yd$^f\ joy of battle; xapoxdq bright-eyed, eager-eyed 
 (lion) ; xd^iiiv lion, eagle, death, Charon, Pauguk; fag^^<; delightful; 
 XapTT)? fresh papyrus; yi^i^ grace, favor; Xapttsi; the Graces (beauty, 
 joy, bloom) ; xapt'etq charming; x^^"'') mirth; x^'*f^w to melt, be wann, 
 
 affectionate. Lat. grato5 dear ; graiia grace, favor; heres heir (eager); 
 
 Osc. herest, Umbr. heriest = volet; Osc. Harentati = Veneri; Samnite 
 
 Herennius gracious. Goth, gairnyan to desire, yearn; gairMMJ desire, 
 
 passion ; gailyan to delight ; golyan to salute ; O. H. G. geri, girl eagerness; 
 geron to desire; 0. N. gior desire; gorr better; goela to cheer; goto*" 
 sing, enchant; graeti compassion, sorrow; grey a favorite dog; g»'w 
 peace; A. S. gritan to greet, grasp, play harp; gredtan to weep;gf^'''"' 
 
 to smile, grin. Lith. geretis to enjoy; 0. R. zhelati to wish; R. «'«''■ 
 
 ovat to be gracious; zhaleit to pity, regret; zhelat to desire. — !'■ 
 
— 179 — 
 
 gfdd love ; 0' Grady ; grind lovely ; grinne nectar ; gerat, g^rait ( W. Geraint) 
 hero (/apfsiq); a saint, virgin; gles tuning the harp; Bret, grad favor, 
 good will; grizein to be tipsy; gloeh dew; gloku sprinkled, scattered; 
 gloiz [tears], sorrow; O. C. Gerontona (Gironde) ; Gerunda; Gerudatiae 
 (nymphs) ; Garunna. 
 
 Sk. same roots; hri (harishyami, desid. ^ihlrshami) to seize, sweep 
 away, tear away; hrish {hrishyami, caus. harshaydmi) to bristle as 
 wild beast with passion, lust, hatred, horror; to desire, enjoy, delight; 
 hrishtas happy ; hresh to [be in a heat], whinny ; hriUh, hri to be ashamed ; 
 hras to roar, sound; to be [torn], shortened, compressed; krish to tear 
 away, scratch, plow; krig to scrape away, thin; krakaJeas saw; kriMhas 
 
 misery. Gk. x(5poT) [bristling], temple of head; xpicrad?, xpi^d?, xipao? 
 
 [scratchings, cla wings], varicose veins ; xpojaot fringes, tassels; xpaa-xeSov 
 [floor-brush], hem of garment; xpoaaat [palisades], battlements; updxpoa- 
 CTOi bristling, eager, impetuous; projecting in regular order; xpoxu? the 
 nap of cloth ; xpdxr] woof (brushing across warp in regular order) ; 
 xpdxo? crocus, (shivering up in February, cf . prunus) ; xapxaXeo? rough, 
 fierce; xapxapo? with jagged teeth; xapxi^aiov mast-peak; xwpuxog 
 skin-sack (hairy) ; ya.^'^^ pointed stake, palisade, bristling fence, 
 shrub; xapcfauw to sharpen, whet, notch, scratch, goad, exasperate, 
 
 engrave ; xd^a'i^f.ai, xapaxtiip scratch, sting, mark, letter. Lat. [horsed], 
 
 horreo to bristle, shiver, with dread; horror dread, shiver, ruffled sea; 
 korridus bristling, shaggy; hordeum barley (long awns) ; hirsutus hairy; 
 [hrista], arista ear of com; crista mane; cockscomb, crest; Crustumer- 
 iwm palisade-wall; career [palisade, pen], prison; starter's rope in 
 race ; [hrusco], corrusco to wave, flicker, rustle, flash (cf . hrid, cordis) ; 
 [crisgus], crispus bristling, rippling, curling; crux sharp stake, cross; 
 
 crucio to torture; ac-cerso to summon eagerly; accuse. Goth. 
 
 and-hruskan to be eager, explore ; O. N. hross horse (maned) ; hrista 
 to brandish; hris brush-wood; hrokkinn bristling, curly; hrokva to 
 be horrified, start, burst; hraekya to pursue, avenge, wreak (bristling 
 wolf); A. S. hriscian to shake; hrysca bursting, rushing; [h]risce rush, 
 reed; [hjrdscian to shiver, [pounce], be quick, rash; hredh rough, fierce; 
 O. Dutch haersch hoarse, harsh; O. H. G. harka rake; A. S. [harge]; 
 
 harwe harrow. R. krast to sweep away, rob ; krasniy [torn, bloody], 
 
 red; kraska color (cf. Sk. ran^); kroshit to tear to pieces; khoroshii 
 
 [toothsome], delightful, beautiful; kr[v]isha [ridge], roof. Ir. gre 
 
 hair, fur; grisaim to excite, rouse; gressacht excitement; do-gress 
 to the [point], end; gre[s]nnach bristling; crech foray; crScht wound; 
 cairche horse-tail; carric crag; Bret, gres, gers, gerh eager, impetuous; 
 hirris shudder; hirrisein to bristle, herisser; hersein to scratch, drag, 
 
— 180 — 
 
 harrow; O. C. Gerso; Carc-aso rock-ridge {ais, 6is back) ; Carious rock; 
 Caraco-tinum beacon-cliff. 
 
 Sk. krig to scrape away, thin; krigas lean. Gk. xoXexcivos lean; 
 
 xspxfs the shin-bone; weaver's comb; xpe^ water-bird. 0. Lat. 
 
 cracentes lean; Lat. \cracilis\, gracilis slender; career death-pit, starva- 
 tion. A. S. hracian to scratch, tear; hracod ragged. R. krokha 
 
 scraps; kroshit to tear, hash. Ir. crech ravaging, plunder; crkht 
 
 a wound. 
 
 Sk. same roots; hresh to neigh; hras, Mas to sound; hri (hrinite) 
 to growl; garh, gar^, karH to revile, threaten; krug (kukroga) to yell, 
 revile; krogas cry; kroshtus jackall; krdunlsas heron; krikas throat; 
 
 krikanas partridge; ghrishtis [rutting] wild-boar; gharmas hot. Zd. 
 
 granio [root gram] enraged. Armen. krunk a crane. Gk. xpeneti^o 
 
 to neigh; xpi\j.%zo[LM to cough; XpeiJiiQ? and Sc'ii.w = Hawk and SnufSe; 
 %p(5;i.aSoi; gnashing; xep^vo? hoarse; xpul^w (xpu^u) to caw; xpiXu 
 
 (xpf^w) to creak, screech, gnash. Lat. [hremo], fremo to roar, 
 
 [shudder] (melts with bhram) ; crocio, crocito to caw. Goth, hrukyan 
 
 to crow; {s\kriustan to gnash, hiss, bark; O. N. hrdki phlegm; hrosa 
 to boast; skrok war-song; [s]krdka crow; skroekya to howl, sing; 
 klokkva to wail; klukka bell; A. S. cearcian to creak; Eng. to screech, 
 shriek; A. S. grimman to snort, be fierce (xpetieTfi^w) ; grimmetania 
 gnash, rage; grim cruel; 0. H. G. ga-grim gnashing; Dan. grom [im- 
 petuous] horseman, lover (groom, bridegroom). R. [hrom], grcm 
 
 thunder; gromkiy pealing, loud voice, famous; kryakat to quack; 
 
 grokhot noise; golos, glas voice; golosit to sing. Ir. gromma satire; 
 
 gldm outcry, satire ; granna horrid ; screchim, grechaim to shriek; 0. C. 
 Groma. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; hri, hrish to grasp, rub, excite ; ghrish to rub, excite, 
 rival, rut; ghrishvis, ghrishtis boar; ghrin, ghri, gri to grasp, melt, 
 drop, glitter, flow; gharmas hot; harmyan fire-pit, hearth, hell; groA, 
 
 glah to grasp ; glai to be [melted], languishing, weary. Gk. xp'F™ 
 
 to touch softly, graze, press near; xpaivto, xP'^'^'^i XP^^^"!*' '" 
 touch softly, rub with fat, smear, color; xpw? skin, complexion, tinge; 
 7pw[Aa color, embellishment; XP"'* surface, complexion; if^i^ to 
 anoint; x^iw, xkialvut to be warm, luxurious; xpdutii to scrape, graze; 
 ^^otpo? pig; yXlxo\J.oii to cling to, desire (ghrish); Y^faxP"? ^t''*''' 
 viscid, importunate; yXauaaw to glitter; yXauxd; glittering (of sea, 
 sky, eye); yXai^ owl; yXoti?, ypu oil, grease; yXofa glue; T^o'W 
 wanton; yXouTo? rump; xXouvt)? rutting [wild-boar]. Lat. [hm 
 
— 181 — 
 
 frio, frico to touch softly, rub, crumble; fritillus dice-box; [here], 
 fere, ferme [grazing], almost (xpafvw, xpft^ittw) ; [hloccus], floccus pinch 
 of wool; \hersuni\, ferrum iron (smelted); formus hot iron {gharmas); 
 formidus hot; formido sweating terTOr; Jor-ceps smith's tongs; fornax 
 furnace (ghrin) ; fornus oven; fornix [oven top], arch; gluten glue; glis 
 (gliris) dormouse (basking); glis (glitis) clay; glittus smooth; glisco 
 to be smooth, luxurious; to grow; gliscerae rich food; \grassus\, crassus 
 
 fat. O. N. glya to be merry; glaestr glittering; glaer sea; glda to 
 
 glow; Glasir golden-grove; gler glass; Grant horse of the sun; grannr 
 [melted away], lean; gris pig; golir wild-boar; A. S. [claev], claeg clay 
 (Klei; gri); \graev], graeg gray (dawn-color, glittering; ghri); 0. Ger. 
 
 glesum amber. Lith. glitus miry, smooth; R. zhir fat, grease; greit 
 
 to heat; glina clay; gryaz mire; greishit to sin; glukhoi [exhausted], 
 
 deaf; glup[v]i dull; grokhot dripper, strainer. Ir. gris hot coals, fire; 
 
 grisaim to kindle, excite, blush; grian sun; g^ir tallow, fat; glS glit- 
 tering; glenim to stick, adhere; glonn [dripping] wound, sin; grSimm 
 force, health, vigor; gorm blue (/pw^^a); W. gwrm dusky (gray sky); 
 gloyw, Bret, gloahein to [polish], sharpen; Bret, glo^h dew; gro^z hla.ze, 
 heat; 0. C. Glevum clear-water; Granno Apollo, sun. 
 
 Sk. hrish to shiver with passion, grip, embrace; ghrish to rub, 
 [melt] ; ghri to melt, drop , glitter ; grah, glah to grasp ; glish to embrace ; 
 unite; glok to unite, form; create; Qlish, grish to bum, [melt]; hrikus, 
 hlikus tin (melting, glittering, shaping); gulv to cast; gulvam copper; 
 
 gvalk, gulk to pour out, [flash out], utter. Gk. %a\v.6(; bronze. 
 
 O. R. zheleizo, Lith. gelezhis iron. 
 
 Sk. hvri to curve ; ghri to drop ; hira, hira artery, gut, [string, sinew]. 
 -Gk. ^■^XeuiJ.a cord; xf]\e6<o to plait, net. Lat. hira, hilla gut. 
 
 sausage; hernia; haru-spex, hari-olus diviner hy viscera; helluo greedy- 
 gut. O. N. garnir guts; garn string, net, yam. Lith. zharna 
 
 gut; R. zhila vein, [gut], sinew. Ir. grind, grinne band, withe. 
 
 Sk. same roots; ghri, gri, ghrin to wami, melt, drip, glitter; ghrinas, 
 ghrinis heat, sunshine ; grishmas hot, summer ; gharmasheaX ; glai to [melt 
 away], exhaust; glanis languor; ^ar to melt with fever, pine; ^val 
 to bum; ^hala sunlight, girl; ifi to [boil], digest, [melt away], grow 
 old; gal to [melt], flow away; vi-gal to rush, be torrential, impetuous; 
 gal to be [drained], exhausted, old ; galas- (in compounds) water, spring- 
 water, melting snow; hence (cf. icdyo? frost, xiqyiJ spring) cold, frozen, 
 dull. 
 
— 182 — 
 
 Sk. same roots; ghri, ghrin to melt, glitter; ghrinis sun-beam; 
 guar, gval to melt, burn; ^hala sunlight, girl; ^hilis grasshopper 
 
 (summer-lover). Gk. i-aXifjvir) [sunlight on the water], calm sea; 
 
 glittering lead-ore; yeXdw to be cheerful, smile, laugh; yaXoox;, Phryg. 
 yaXepo? sister-in-law; Gk. tXtqvy) girl, eye, one's image in another's 
 eye, pupilla; yX^vo? star, beauty, wonder; yXapf? smoothing-chisel. 
 
 Lat. glos sister-in-law; glarea glittering pebble; \glarus], clans 
 
 clear, bright, limpid; [Glanis], Clanis clear-water. A. S. claene 
 
 bright, clean; O. H. G. chleini, Ger. klein delicate, small {pupilla) ; O.N. 
 
 Grant Siegfried's horse; klidr smooth pebble, loom-weight. R, 
 
 gran facet of gem; glyanetz polish, lustre; zreit to ripen; zreiliy ripe; 
 
 zreit to glance, see; zreinie sight; greit to warm; glaz eye. Ir., W, 
 
 glan clear, bright, pure; Ir. gUim to make clear; glinn clear, manifest; 
 poetry; glain crystal; gledir, gluair bright, transparent, pure; gle glit- 
 tering; Mod. Ir. gallad girl; Bret, gleu charcoal; O. C. Glanna-tim 
 clear flame; G/aMwa 6 rivers; Ambo-glanae, Glann-ibanta clear stream 
 (abann) . 
 
 Sk. ghri, ghrin to melt, drip, water, glitter; ghrinis sun-beam; 
 harinas, haritas, harit, haris blooming, verdant, green, yellow, tawny; 
 
 haris horse of Indra (cf. Grani); gauras yellow; gduri girl. Zd. 
 
 zairi yellow, gold-color (cf. Heb. yraqraq golden, verdant). Gk. 
 
 xXdp) fresh verdure, grass, leaves; ^Xwpdi; fresh, blooming, verdant, 
 green, sallow, pale, yellow; yXe[i.6^<x verdant (Hesych.); Phryg. I^IXxia 
 
 herbs. Lat. helvus greenish yellow; [h^va], herba grass; gilim 
 
 honey- yellow; helvola, helfus, holus, olus herb, salad, vegetable; 
 
 [xXofds], flavus yellow; [falvas], fulvus tawny. 0. N. gullr, A. S. 
 
 geolo, O. Eng. yelwe yellow; Ger. [gelwe], gelb; O. H. G. groyu, gruoyu, 
 O. N. groa (p. p. groinn) to be verdant, grow; O. N. gras grass; grom 
 
 green; gron moustache (growth). Lith. zheliu to bloom; zhoU 
 
 grass; zhalies green; geltas yellow; O. R. zhlutu yellow; R. zeleneit tohe 
 verdant; zelen verdure, vegetables; zheld holly; zheltit to be yellow. — 
 Ir. gel white, gleaming; gU glittering; glass yellow, green, blue (grass, 
 sunny sky ; form ghrish) ; grend hair, beard ; Com. glas-tannen green-oak, 
 live-oak; glesium woad; Bret, gel orange, russet, bay; gellein to [grow], 
 be vigorous, able ; glazadur verdure; du[b]-glas dark blue; O.C.GeUius, 
 Gellona; Gel-duba (white and black; gray); Glassi-cu, Cuno-glassos 
 greyhound of the dawn; (cf. main-cu, Mancunium, Mungo). 
 
 Sk. ghri, ghrin to melt, drip, glitter; haris, harinas gleaming, yellow; 
 
 hiranam, hiranyam gold. Zd. zaranu, zaranya gold. Gk. xp^nki 
 
 XpuffEov gold, golden; ^(Xouvd? gold (Hesych.); Phryg. Y^oupd? gold. 
 
— 183 — 
 
 Lat. gloria (melts with (ru, p. 156).- Goth. guUh gold; O. N. 
 
 gull gold; gullinn golden. R. zreit to glance; zarya the dawn; O. R. 
 
 zlcUo gold; Lith. zhereti to glitter. 
 
 Sk. hrish to bristle with passion, horror, to desire; ghrd to snuff, 
 scent; ghranas scent, nose; ghurn to breathe, blow, quiver, whirl; 
 
 ghur to shriek; ghoras horrible; ghrishtis'boa.T. Gk. ypdusoi; war-cry; 
 
 Ypdao? stench; filth; YP'^'^*^. TP"^^*^*^ to grumble, grunt. Lat. 
 
 fragro {ghra-ghra] to be fragrant; fragum strawberry. 0. H. G. 
 
 grunni a groan; A. ^.grunan to grunt. R. zhurit to grumble, scold; 
 
 grokhot noise. Bret, groahennein to sparkle, crackle. 
 
 Sk. ghri, ghrin to drip, melt; ivar to [melt], pine with fever; ival 
 to bum; ^vdld flame; gal to flow away, be exhausted, old [torrent in 
 summer]; vi-gal to gush forth, be impetuous [mountain torrent]; 
 gar gar as whirlpool; ^alam water, torrent, snow-water; £alas cold; 
 [whirling, dizzy], mad; galas, [channel], throat; gallas jaw; [gvald], 
 gold round jug; golas ball; guli pill; gldi to trickle, exhaust; gldnis 
 
 exhaustion; gldsnus weary. Gk. yepyspos throat (Hesych.) ; 
 
 Yapyapeciv the tonsil; yapyapilfii to gargle; iydXkui to rejoice, exult 
 (d intens.) ; ■{iiWo(; eunuch (drained) ; yosu^<5? bowl, ship; yakir^ weasel 
 [long-throat]; y""^^ cup (gval); yuaXov round vessel, hollow, round 
 
 sky; Y^aiJiupfJ? with running eyes. Lat. gelu cold, frost; gelidus cold; 
 
 gula throat ; gurguUo glutton ; gMrge^ whirlpool ; gallus cock (impetuous) ; 
 galeritus crested ; galerus, galea plumed helmet ; gramia, glamae ophthal- 
 mia ; Gal-aesus (gushing fountain) . O. N. kala, kdlna to be cold ; kaldr 
 
 cold, perishing; kelda fountain, swamp (flowing, draining); kioll keel, 
 ship (trough, dug-out canoe) ; A. S. cvelan, Dutch kwelen to languish, 
 die; Dan. qualm steam, smoke, suffocation, heat, nausea; A. S. cvellan, 
 O. N. kvelya, O. H. G. quelian to kill by inches, torture, quell; O. N. 
 kveld evening (dying away) ; O. H. G. quillu to well up ; quelld fountain ; 
 
 kela throat; k&l bald; chol, A. S. col burning ember, coal. R. 
 
 [ug-gol], ugol coal (v. p. 4); goreit to bum; zharit to roast; gar bumt, 
 gorshok pot; goryakka fever; golodat to starve ; gore, gol misery; gol[v]ish 
 cobble-stone (water-washed) ; kholod cold; chill; Lith. shaltas cold; shala 
 it freezes; galu to [dash, gush], be able; galybe power; per-gale victory. 
 
 Ir. glial coal ; giiala shoulder (round socket) ; guirim to heat, bum ; 
 
 gur pus; giire anguish; guilim to weep; gol weeping; galar [wasting] 
 fever; goll blind (lippus); gal [dashing] valor; gall cock, swan; geilt, 
 W. gwyllt. Com. guil wild, mad, impetuous; Gildas (Bret. Gueltas); 
 Gael, gal smoke, heat, a gale; Bret, gouilein, ouilein, to weep; gouliein 
 to pour out, empty; goallein to lack; goal woe, harm; gouU [bleeding] 
 
. — 184 — 
 
 ■wound; gorein to heat, hatch eggs, be inflamed; gor fire-wood, abscess, 
 brood; gellein to be able; O. C. Galli, valiant; Galatae (gal-latae; It. Idth 
 hero) ; Gaulanus. 
 
 Sk. hrito grasp, desire; hvri to [grasp, embrace, encircle], be curved; 
 ghra to scent, [pant after]; ghurn to pant, blow, whirl about; gur, 
 gurv, gur to seize, sweep away, assault, devour, kill; to sweep aloft, 
 lift high; [gwro], garv to [curvet], be proud; gurus (fern, gurm, comp. 
 gariyas) heavy; exalted, honored; ^ri to [be swept together], meet; 
 gramas throng, village ; gramyas civilized, tame ; hri to grasp, be eager; 
 to sweep away, [roar], shout, praise; grl to devour, chew; |n to 
 digest; to be [chewed], worn out, old; ^hri to grow old; ^aras, ^ard old 
 age; ^irnas old; iur to kill, be old, worn out; to regret; iurv to kill; 
 £ri to conquer; to grow old; ^ri to [bite] ofE, shorten; ^ar^aras torn, 
 lacerated, worn out; iribh, ^rimbh to [yawn upon prey], open mouth; 
 galibh to be [ravening], audacious; [to roar]; ^alp, klap to speak; gar^ 
 to roar, shout, blame; garh, HarH, ^arU, £ar^ to revile; grah, glah to 
 grip, seize, bear off; gruJi, gluJs to steal. 
 
 Sk. gri {girami gilami, perf. £agdra) to devour, swallow, drink; 
 garas-{m compounds) devourer, drink; gur, gr as, glas to eat; gim, girika 
 mouse (nibbler); girnis devouring; gridh to desire; redup. grin^anas 
 
 [tid-bit], garlic. Gk. ypaw to gnaw, eat ; i-puvo? [eaten-out], cavernous; 
 
 [YftY/pwaxu], pt^puffxw, ^s^pwBu to devour; §opii fodder; ^opi? devour- 
 ing; ppufJia food; ^puTi^p eater;eXXi-§opoi; dizzy-food, hellebore; [lavBpa- 
 •Cdpa? sleeping- food, mandragora; ^apaOpov, 5isps6pov [devourer], death- 
 pit; redup. YdtYYPo^'^* horrid-gnawing, gangrene; YeXyt? garlic. Lat. 
 
 \£Vorus], carni-vorus flesh-eater; vorax devouring; vorare to swallow; 
 vordgo, gurges devouring whirlpool, gulf, maw; glutire to swallow {gun, 
 gulv, gluv); in-gluvies gullet; gurgulio glutton. O. N. krahen sea- 
 monster (tearing, devouring; karkar); krds dainties; Eng. crack, 
 
 crunch. Lith. gerti to drink; gerkle throsLt; 0. R. zhreiti to devour; 
 
 grulo throat; R. zhrat to devour; zhrane voracity; zhertva sacrifice; 
 
 glotat to devour; gorlo, gortan gullet; gr[v]izt to gnaw, torment. Ir. 
 
 gelim to swallow, devour, graze; gelt-both fodder; gorta, hunger; gerf 
 milk ; [groes], crdes gluttony, maw, gulf ; garg fierce ; gerraim to [bite off], 
 shorten; gerr short; gairr, W. garr. Cor. gar (plu. garrow), Bret, gaff 
 shin-bone, shank, calf, (gnawed; jarret); Bret, gargusen maw; gof!^ 
 voracious, fierce; O. C. Garrius, Garricus, Gargo-rix. 
 
 Sk. hri to grasp; ghrd to pant after; grl to devour; gras, glos^ 
 grasp, eat; glah, grah (grahdmi, grihnami desid. ^ighrikshe) to grasp, 
 
— 185 — 
 
 take, perceive, hear; caus. grahayami to cause to take, [hear]; ni-grah 
 to stop; glahas playing dice; griham [possession], home, wife; gruH, 
 
 gluM to steal; gilagrdhas crocodile. Gk. yXtoxes ears of com; Ypasircg 
 
 fodder, grass ; YXf/oiAat to cling to, strive after, desire (melts with hrish) ; 
 yXuxu? sweet; yXsuxo? must; YXd/oq, yXayo?, ydtXa (YaXaxio?) milk 
 {glah to grasp, [milk], of. mrig, mulgeo) ; yXwaua tongue (hungry) ; 
 
 yXwxf? tongue of strap, point of arrow. Lat. glacies ice (gripping, cf. 
 
 icdYoq ice, xTgyvuii.t) ; [g]toc milk; gZocio to cluck; [g]racemus bunch of 
 
 grapes? grassor to assail; grd[s]men grass. Goth, klikan to [keep, 
 
 guard], brood on eggs; kalkinassus snugness, lewdness; A. S. clyster 
 clenched fist ; cluster ; Dan . klase bunch of grapes ; klissen to be entangled ; 
 
 Eng. to clutch, clinch, cluck. R. grozd cluster, tuft, bunch of grapes. 
 
 Ir. glacaim to take, receive ;. gZac palm of hand; glac-saiged arrow- 
 holder, quiver; glicce, [gelg],celg dexterity, skill, cleverness, craft, deceit; 
 colg short-sword (gripped); gleic [dexterity], wrestling, boxing; gles 
 tuning of the harp; gr^ss art, skill; attack (p. 178); [holding on], 
 do-gress to the end; cless feat, trick, exhibition of skill; Bret, [glaskein], 
 klaskein to seek eagerly; krogein to grip; krog wrestler's trick; krougein 
 to throttle, hang; gloestr pledge, possession, vessel; glahar [gripping] 
 sorrow; O. C. Galgacus, Calgacus (celgach skilful, wary) ; Glagus. 
 
 Sk. grl (grindmi) to [roar], cry with opened mouth, chant, praise; 
 
 gir, gird call, speech. Zd. gar to sing, praise. Gk. y-ripiat to 
 
 shout, chant, utter, sing, celebrate; yijpuq voice; rfjpueSviQq thunder-god 
 who shuts up the cloud-cows during summer drought; yiyy'kapoq fife. 
 
 Lat. garrio to be talkative ; garrulus. O. H. G. kurra, quiru to 
 
 groan, chatter; kirru to rattle; challon to chatter; kaldn to call; 0. N. 
 
 kalla to call; kurrato [growl], mutter; A. S. cursian to curse. Lith. 
 
 garsas voice; garsus loud; gyra fame. R. zhurit to speak sternly; 
 
 glagol speech, words; glasit to proclaim. Ir. gdir speech, call; 
 
 for-con-gur to command; [frith-garim], fre-craim to answer; [do-], to-- 
 gairm invocation; gdire laughter; Bret, gervel, galtlein to call; garmein 
 to cry; gSr word; garii stem. 
 
 Sk. gri to roar, sound; redup. gri^, gari, garh, galh, Mark, iark, 0iark 
 
 ^ark, iharih, iari, ^ar^ito revile. Arm. krunk a crane. Gk. Yopyi?.; 
 
 fierce, wild; FopYw winter-demon, storm-wind; YXai;^ to chant; ypul^ci) 
 
 to mutter, grumble. Lat. Garganus, Gargilius fierce, wild, stern. 
 
 O. N. kr&ka crow; kiarkr force, courage, defiance; A. S. cracetan to 
 
 croak; cearcian to creak, crash, gnash, thunder (melt with p. 180). 
 
 R. garkat to shout, quarrel; grozit to threaten; groza storm, terror. 
 
— 186 — 
 
 threat; zhurkat to grumble. Ir. garg fierce; Bret, jalgaud scolder; 
 
 0. C. Gergesus, Gergovia, Gorgonius. 
 
 Sk. grl to cry (cf. garrio, quiru). Gk. fepavo? crane; ifspaviov 
 
 crane-neck, geranium. Lat. grus crane; gruo, ingruo to yell, be 
 
 dreadful; grunnio to [growl], grunt (wild-boar); grallae [crane's legs], 
 
 stilts (cf. Lith. gervele). O.H.G. chranuh, A.S. cran crane. Lith. 
 
 gerve (dim. gervele) crane; garnys stork; O. R. zheravi crane. Ir. 
 
 (redup). gJM-graw wild-goose; Cor. garan crane; Bret, garz gander; O.C. 
 gar anus crane. 
 
 Sk. sri to speed ; svrl, grl to hurl, dash, kill ; hri to grasp, be impetu- 
 ous; hvri to [embrace], curve; gur (gurdmi, gorami), gurv {gurvami, 
 ^ugurva) to whirl away, carry off; ava-gur to pounce, attack; g«r, 
 gurv to kill, devour, whirl away, whirl on high, lift up ; garv to be proud 
 garvas pride ; garuar 05 ^vouA; gurus (fem. gurvl, comp. gariyas) exalted, 
 honored, heavy; [glrva], grlvd neck, head; giris [ridge], mountain (cf, 
 
 dorsum). Zd. gar honor; garanh reverence. Gk. ylpa? honor, 
 
 privilege, dignity; [yapiya], Yspafpw to honor, celebrate; [yapf], 
 Yaupidti) to prance, arch the neck, be proud; yaupoq proud, skittish; 
 YwpuTd? quiver; [yapfui;, y/apug], §apus stem, severe, strong, heavy, 
 weary, grievous; ^apsw, Ixt^aplu, Arcad. Ixtl^otpew to weigh down; 
 Pptao) to be mighty; Bpiapsus gravitation, natural force, helper of 
 Zeus against Titans; he was an Atlas, supporting the disk of the earth 
 with his hundred hands; §pf9ci) to weigh down, preponderate; Ppf^u 
 to be heavy, dull, sleepy; ^paSii? (comp., sup. ppdtaawv, pdpSiaro?) 
 
 [weighted down], dull, tardy, slow (cf. gravidus). Lat. gravis heavy; 
 
 gravitas weight; gravidus weighted; ingruo to assail, crush; gravedo 
 torpor; grassus, crassus heavy, stout, fat; brUtus dull, heavy; gramlis 
 
 tall, old; grandiloquentia arrogance. Goth. ka-Aryan to weigh 
 
 down ; kaiirs heavy; kaiireins, kaiiritha weight ; karon to be anxious, care 
 
 for; Eng. coarse. R. gtrya weight (of scales) ; gora mountain (giris); 
 
 gruzit to weigh dov\m; gruz cargo; [gen;], gerb [dignity], coat-of-arms; 
 
 glava, golova head (gurvi); Lith. galva head (but cf. garbhas). Ir. 
 
 goire reverence, religion; [garv], garb fierce [vsdnd]; griimm might, 
 force ; in-grennim to press upon, pursue {ingruo) ; [gwor], borr haughty, 
 proud; Ir., Cor., Bret, bras large, stout {grassus); Ir. 6orr, gor/ head; 
 W. garth headland; 0. C. Goreus; Boresti. 
 
 Sk. hvri to [grasp], to be bent, curved; gur, gur, gUrv (|« 
 to lift up, whirl away, attack; garut wing; gri {^agarmi) to rouse, wake 
 
— 187 — 
 
 up; ^dgarti wakefulness; ^agrivis awake. Zd. gar to watch. Gk. 
 
 lYsfpo) to rouse, wake; to raise, lift up; Iypi^Y°P« t° awaken, be awake, 
 watchful; YpiQYoplw to watch; eYspatq a waking, raising; lyeptf 
 
 busily. Lat. grassor (inceptive) to assail, pillage, carryofE? 0. N. 
 
 keyraXo hurl; Ger. Keil shaft, javelin, thunderbolt. 
 
 Sk. same roots; hvri to be curved; gur, gur, guru (^ugilrva) to whirl 
 away, sweep away, lift high ; |n {^ardmi) to sweep together, draw near, 
 approach; ^arayus womb (globing, shaping); ^arathas [collected], con- 
 crete, hard; gravan cobble-stone, soma-crusher (revolving, grinding 
 cf. ifl); gramas crowd, village; grdmyas [folded], tame; gargaras 
 
 whirlpool. Gk. yupdw to round, bend, circle; Yupos circle, ring; 
 
 ydpYupa [vortex, sinking river], conduit, sewer, subterranean dungeon; 
 yupts well-ground, fine meal; yapYafpo) to swarm, be crowded; dYefpw 
 to gather, assemble (di; synthetic) ; dtYopdi assembly, market-place; Syupts 
 crowd; fiy'^P'? collected water, pool; yiYTP"? conger-eel (circling, 
 coiling) ; toyyuXo? globing; yoyi'uXXa) to round; Yiy^Xtov tumor, knot of 
 nerves; y£yyXuiji.oi; hinge; y^^T'? head of garlic; Fpafoi, Fpafxei 
 Greeks (roaming, assembling); Ypuv6q fagot, bundle; \hvri] xopi5? a 
 round dance; a circular dancing place; xopetjw to dance round; 
 X(i)poi;,xfi>pa,>('*P^ov [circumference, border, limit], definite place, estate; 
 region; /upfq separate, apart; xwp£i;w to distinguish; /wp^w to circle 
 round, come about, come to pass; to turn aside, make room, depart; 
 to encompass, contain; xP<5vo? [circling] time {ghurn to whirl, p. 176) ; 
 
 x6pto(; enclosure (p. 177). Lat. groma sun-dial, theodolite; grumus 
 
 grits; con-gruo to fit together (fold in fold); granum grain; (redup.) 
 grex (gregis) flock; e-gregius out of the common, excellent; gregatim 
 
 crowded; Qmi, [torm]) , area, circular threshing-floor. O.'H.keyra to 
 
 whirl, hurl, thrust; ker round tub; (redup.) krdkr hook, crook, corner; 
 kyrkya to throttle; kringa to round; kringr circle; kringla disk; krdngr, 
 krdng twisted, crippled; A. S. cringan to be hurled down; Ger. kriegen 
 to grasp, win; Krieg war; Krug round jug; Kragen collar; Goth, qairrus 
 
 [in the fold], tranquil, quiet, easy; O. N. krdken sea-serpent. 
 
 R. gulyat to roam round, idle; gurt flock, herd; gurtit to circle; gurtom 
 
 en masse; [gurva], gurba crowd, band. Ir. graig a troop; Bret. 
 
 gourvein to coil up, lie down (of animals) ; be lazy. 
 
 ' Sk. gri to devour; ifi {^ardmi ^rindmi, ^irydmi, p. p. iirnas, caus. 
 
 f iaraydmi) to [chew, grind up], digest; to be ground, worn out, ex- 
 hausted, old; |n to conquer; to be old; iilrv, iiri to kill; ihri to grow 
 old; iarant old; iaranas old, feeble; iaras, iard old age; iar^aras torn, 
 
 I worn out; iardyus cast snake-skin; iivris fragile; ghur (ghilrye) to slay; 
 
— 188 — 
 
 grow old. Zd. zaurva old age. Gk. yepwy old man; Y^povTsq elders* 
 
 [^ardyas] Ypr)6<;, fpafa, ypau? [wrinkled] old woman; milk-skin; raisin; 
 crab (casting shell); fpijTifi.YlXYTi worn-out trash; Ypuiiea rag-bag; yiipet; 
 old age ; snake-skin. The snake is the symbol of Aesculapius ; casting off 
 
 the infirmity. Lat. granum a grain. Goth, kaiirno a grain; kaiirn 
 
 corn; qairnus, (A. S. cveorn, O. N. kvorn) hand-mill; 0. N. kerling 
 carline, old woman; kldrr work-horse; A. S. cearu care; cearcian to 
 
 wear, worry, cark; cearnan to chum. Lith. girna, Boh. zerna, R, 
 
 zhernov mill, mill-stone; Lith. zirnis, R. zerno a grain. Ir. gerr&n 
 
 work-horse; \,glar], cldr [worn], smooth, flat; Bret, groah old woman; 
 gr oaken wrinkle ; groan gravel. 
 
 Sk. srl, grl to hurl, smite, harm; sribh, srihh to harm; grl to devour; 
 ^rl to be [chewed], digested; [causative form irip\; ^ribh, ^rimbh to 
 yawn (wild-beast for prey) ; sam-ut-^rimhh to [snap at], make an 
 effort; vi-grimbh to yawn, open, spread out; grimbhanas blooming. — 
 Gk. Ypoifu [to yawn, pounce, grip], scratch, draw, write ; Ypayt? chisel, 
 needle, point, [claw]; ypdafoq dart; yXocfw to scratch earth (of animal), 
 dig hole, hollow; yXiipu den, cavern; yXafupd? hollow, smooth; yXiifu 
 to carve, scrape, polish; yXijutt)? sculptor; ypuij) griffin; Ypijij) eagle- 
 beaked, curved; YP'ito? haul of fish (grip, prey); TpTipos creel, tangle, 
 
 catch, enigma; Ypficiafia gain; ypd^iov torch (firmly held). Lat. 
 
 glubo to peel; gluma pod; glaber smooth, bald; gleba clod (plowed). 
 
 O. H. G. kliobhan, O. N. kliufa, A. S. cleofan to cleave, split 
 
 [form irip]; O. H. G. chliban, A. S. clifan to [grip], adhere, cleave to; 
 A. S. cleof cliff (rupes) ; 0. N. kraptr, A. S. craft strength, skill, ctmning 
 (of claw, hand) ; O. N. kriupa to creep (cf . kindred serpo) ; krefp 
 to grasp, crave; kremya to press, weaken; Ger. krumm bent; Eng. 
 to crumble; A. S. clyppan to embrace., grip, [tear], clip; A.S. ceorfan to 
 
 carve. Lith. grabe digging; R. po-grebai to bury; grobnitza grave; 
 
 zhelobit to hollow, groove ; greben comb (scratcher) ; greblo rake ; grabit to 
 
 rob; gl^^b depth. It. grip, grib swift [clutch]; scrib scratch; [gnb],crib 
 
 a comb; greim a mouthful; gulba beak; 0. W. gilb beak, auger; Bret. 
 golvinoc beaked ; grabisat to scratch; [goZfeaw], golvan sparrow (pecking); 
 krib comb, crest. 
 
 Sk. hvri to encircle, bend; hri to grasp; ^ribh to yawn for, s; 
 vnde, open, pour out; garbhas opening bud; interior of house; womb; 
 
 fetus; gridh to [yavm], be hungry. Zd. garewa fetus. Gk. [y/epf, 
 
 YfsXf], BsXqjof, AsXipoJ womb of earth, umbilicus ierrarum, mephitic 
 cavern, gulf of Hades (cf. ^wxE?, ^li't'n p- 47) ; iSsXipis {& synthet.) 
 of the same womb, legitimate brother (Sk. sa-garbhyas brother); 
 
— 189 — 
 
 8IX<pa§ yoting pig (fetus, litter); SsXff?, Aeol. ^sXyf? dolphin (belly- 
 ing, rounded, cf. (ptixT)); pplipo? fetus, baby, cub; ypo^dq a sow. 
 
 Lat. [gerbmanus], germanus of the same womb, brother; germen germ; 
 gremium bosom, lap, fold; glomero, con-globo to roll up; glomus ball 
 of yam; globus rounded mass; Galba fat-belly, paunch; delubrum 
 
 shrine (cf. Ir). Goth, kalbd, O. N. kalfr calf; 0. N. kalfi calf of leg 
 
 (rounded) ; A. S. crop crop of bird, belly (Eng. crop-sick) ; crybb bin, 
 manger, round hut, cradle; crympan to roll up, crimp; cramp; O. N. 
 klumpr clump, turf; kroppr rounded body, rump, crupper; krappr 
 twisted, tight; Goth, kilthei womb (gridh); in-kiltho pregnant; A. S. 
 
 cild child. O. R. zhreibi, zhreibitzi foal, cub ; R. zhrebii lot, fate (poured 
 
 out, cast); glava, golova [rovind] head; chief, (cf. Zd. garewa); goluboi 
 
 [arch of heaven], sky-blue ; golub [plump] pigeon ; gorb hunch-back. 
 
 Ir. \£olbthach], colbthach heifer; cilfin helly; [delvaim], delbaim to round, 
 shape, form; delb (W. delu) form, image {delubrum); derb brother- 
 german, of the same womb; certain, sure. 
 
 Sk. n to speed, whirl up; sri to speed, eddy; svri to lift up voice, 
 chant ; svri to hurl, shoot ; hvri to whirl, curve ; vri (vrinomi) to [revolve, 
 encircle], surround, cover, wrap, [embrace], choose; vri (vdraydmi) to 
 [surround, enclose], guard (as shepherd), ward ofE, prevent; vri 
 (vrindmi), var (varaydmi) to choose, wish, seek in marriage; vri, vri, 
 bri to choose; vli to grasp, choose; vir to [whirl aloft, tower aloft, 
 brandish], be heroic; vir as hero; reed; viranam fragrant grass; vel, veil 
 to whirl, swing about ; vel to count [revolving] time. 
 
 Sk. vri {vrinomi, p. p. vritas) to surrotind, cover, wrap; pra-vri to 
 wrap, clothe; vi-vri to unwrap, open; vya-vri to enclose, guard; vri 
 {vdraydmi, p. p. vdritas) to enclose, guard, be shepherd; vdras circle, 
 defense, fold, breadth, space, [revolving] time, [recurring, passing] 
 opportunity; [globing] crowd; vdr, vdri water (cf. ambhas); Varunas 
 ocean, Neptune, [circling flood]; [varmis], Urmis rolling wave; Urnu to 
 wrap, cover; Urnam wool; blanket, ram; uranas ram; arus [roimded] 
 thigh; urus (comp. variyas) broad [horizon, circle], great, very; vol 
 to encircle, wrap, cling to; valayas ring-wall, bracelet; [valam], balam 
 strength, protection, army; vydlas [coiling, darting] snake; vel, veil 
 to whirl, swing about; veld circtmiference, limit, border, time; varutram 
 wrap, outer garment; varUtham defence, coat-of-mail ; d-varanam cover, 
 shield; val, bal, vail to surround, wrap, embrace, cling to, stick, love, 
 nurture; uaZZoz;a5 shepherd; valyul to twist off, wrench away; vran, 
 bran to hurl, wound; to hurl the voice, utter (cf. svri) ; vranas wound; 
 
— 190 — 
 
 varn to stain, color (cf . rang) ; [var-var, varv], urv to hurl, shoot, kill; 
 ulldlas rolling wave; ulvam [wrapped] cavern, womb, vulva; ulvanas 
 unfolded, marifest; bal to whirl, disturb, impede; to wrench off; to 
 roam, hunt, explore; bul to be whelmed, stmk; balam force; bduka 
 
 gravel. Zd. -^ar to keep out; vara garden; varatha defence. Gk. 
 
 [varv, valv] sfXiju to wind, bend, wrap, cover; z'Ckri^ix vail; &Tk(i>, siXeo, 
 e'ifXXw, RXw to wind, roll, twist, whirl, revolve, wander; roll the eye; 
 'iXkoq eye; YXtq gathering, crowd, troop; sEXa-x!vT] drinking-party, feast; 
 IXkaq rope, bond; ouXdq twisted, wrinkled; o5Xoi; corn-sheaf, mazy 
 [dance] ; twining [vine] ; woolly ; f'l/ouXw Ceres ; YouXo? sheaf ; down ; youth; 
 {'A'(xinr]q the lightning [angu whirling spoke, ray, sun-beam], husband 
 of Aphrodite like Hephaestus, and like him hurled, blasted, crippled, 
 is father of Aivsa? the spring rain (olvo?) and grandfather of "louXo; 
 (fleecy cloud, grass) on whose head the fire of heaven [lightning, sun] 
 rests) ; eptov, elpo? wool (urnam) ; fiXij?, eXo? swamp, low-land (water- 
 gathering, prairie-sink, palus) ; eXdviQ twisted torch; elXei? vine, 
 den, cramp in bowels; EiXsfOuia (speed the pang; iQuw) goddess of 
 child-birth ;"EXXt]v roamer (cf.'luv) ; /AifoXelq wanderers; AVoXo? veerer; 
 aldXXo) to whirl, shift, glitter, variegate; eXXe-^opo? giddy-food, 
 hellebore; eXfaaw to wheel, whirl, eddy, dance; fl'XXepoq [twisted], evil; 
 BeXXepoipivTY)? slayer of evil; the spring, destroyer of Xt(iaipa Qiiems), 
 winter, winter-dragon, cramp-day; the Chimaera is goat-homed like 
 Capricorn to express the solstice; Amalthaea and Thor's goats are 
 summer-solstice; eXi^ twist, whorl, coil, flash, tendril, curl; IXivilu 
 to [coil up], rest; IXsXfl^o) to whirl, shake, brandish; eXeXsu war-shout; 
 IXauvo) (IXiQXaxa) to whirl, hurl, dart, strike, speed, drive; eXati^p driver; 
 round cake [discus] ; TfjXaxiTir) distaff, windlass, arrow, mast-head; 
 i^Xiajiu, aK&o\^M to circle, roam, wander, be perplexed, lost; dXaii; 
 blind; iXua) to be mad; dXfcafvw to err, sin; t^Xso?, i^XfOio? distracted, 
 crazed, silly; (jieT-aXXaa) to hunt, search; ixsi-aXXEiw to bore, sink shaft, 
 explore; ii.eTaXXov mine; dtXiu to grind, bray; aXeupov flour; ouXa£ groats; 
 SXiJio? mortar; oilXov gums (grinders); [/oXo/o?], dXod;, oM;, 
 oiiX<5[ji,svo? grinding, annihilating, destructive (cf. mri, p. 95); oXXi)|ii 
 to destroy, make an end; vtoXe^jLi? incessant, imending (prefix vlu to 
 revolve) ; oSXo? incessant, real ; curling, woollen ; (iXeviQ elbow (revolving 
 socket-joint); [faXXu], ^dXXw to hurl, throw; icspt-^aXXu, «[A?i-^aXX(i) to 
 wrap, robe, encircle, coil, perplex; (Sk. balam force) §0X11^ throw, cast, 
 wound, glance; gao? dart, bolt, hghtning, death; p«X«voq acom 
 (hurled down, cf. glans); [fifoXoe], ^(^Xo? [wrapping], bark, scroll, 
 book; PouXoq bowel; ^oX^is bulb (concentric); ^iSXoq clod, lump; 
 gaXpf? circle, battlements, lap in race-course, goal, starting-line; 
 Phryg. ^aXXi^v king (balam) ; efXIw to contain, cramp, pack tight, col- 
 
— 191 — 
 
 lect; elXap shelter, break-water; f^Xo? [palisade, tent-pin], nail 
 (yaXXo? 'Resych.; = vallus, vallum) ; Tpd(/-T]Xo<; [tuming-pin, pivot], neck; 
 (ix-eiXlo) to [hurl, shoot], drive out, ward ofE, threaten; aXfaxDjiat 
 (^ocXwv) to be caught [in hunting-net], won, destroyed; av-«X£ii)coii.at 
 [iv-neg.) to [allow to escape], neglect, squander; dXwi], SXto? enclosure, 
 garden, orchard ; round ocean; circular threshing-floor; coiled snake, 
 nest, disk; eupij? (Mrws), [circling], wide-spread, broad; eipivw to dilate, 
 spread abroad, widen; supfaxw (ir]BpTf]ixai) to [roam, hunt], discover, 
 find; 8poi;, [<5pfoq], (Sp^o? circumference, limit, border; o5pov range, 
 space, cast of quoit; Maced.? ^apt? fort; 8poc; mountain (mountain- 
 wall, protection cf . Berg, Burg, Feld, fjeld) ; [fopsaq], Bopdae north- 
 wind (from Thracian mountains); "Yxep-^6psot beyond the north-wind, 
 people of paradise; oipo?, /YJpavo? watchman, guardian; oipo? wild 
 bull (glaring; on guard, cf. aXxi)); 'OpesTT]? day-star, watchman of 
 sun-gate; Sipopoq overseer; iptiu (Icipaxa) to watch, see; cipeuw to guard, 
 protect; wpetov guard-house, fort, granary (horreum); ^apt? tower, 
 palace; fpivd? shield, hide (ifpivo? Hesych.) ; taXtifpivo? shield- 
 bearing; wp« care, concern, regard; dXiy-wplw to esteem lightly; wpa 
 quarter of heaven, [revolving period], season, period of life, harvest, 
 manhood, hour; upato? seasonable, blooming, beautiful (melts with 
 ir p. 114) ; 'Qpfwv Orion, circling winter constellation, slain by Artemis 
 (return of nature in spring) , and sent under grovmd when the asphodel 
 
 blooms in May (tmder the daisies). Lat. redup. volvo to roll; 
 
 volumen roll, coil; voluto to revolve, whirl, wallow; ad-ulor to cringe, 
 fawn; adulter [crawling, snaky], adulterer; the root produces the ter- 
 minations -filis, -bilis of revolution, ease, possibility; versat-ilis,volu- 
 bilis, missile; -bulum, -brum are terminations of instruments (piXXw; 
 melt with (p^pw, (pup(4(i)) ; voltur [wheeling] vulture ; voltus face (turning 
 on neck); vdlo to fly, speed, pounce; [vivolo], violo to pounce, injure; 
 velites slingers (PsXo?); velox [hurled], swift; volucer fleet; vulnus 
 [shot], wound {vran) ; voldtus fall ; vola palm of hand (nimble) ; folim 
 of yore (rolling time); vulva womb (ulvam); ulva sedge (twisted, 
 oxoivos); valva swinging door; velo to wrap, fold, clothe, reef; velum 
 veil, sail; ov-ile fold; equ-ile paddock, stable (eJXIw to crowd together) ; 
 vello to twist off, pluck; vellus fleece; ver-vex wether (fleece-bearer, 
 ipiov); [varva], barba beard; bullio to [roll up, bubble], boil; bulla 
 bubble, globe, medal; balbus stammering; [balvo], halo to bleat; [ver- 
 vena], verbena sacred plant (wreathed); virion bracelets; veru spit 
 (revolving); [vi-vro], vibro to whirl, shake; varius whirling, shifting, 
 particolored, striped (aWXXw) ; varix striped with purple veins; varicose; 
 vermis worm (sXiaiv?); vallum ring-wall; uls, ultra beyond limits; 
 t;a/ZM5 paUsade, stake, peg; [ua/tewi], ia&eM5 girdle, belt; z>am5 [round- 
 
— 192 — 
 
 ing, curving], bow-legged; cent-uria [guard of] a hundred (oiSpoi;); 
 valeo to [guard], be strong; vereor to [guard], watch carefully, be 
 anxious, fear; re-vereor to regard, watch for orders, reverence; verecun- 
 
 dia respect, modesty {(undh) ; verus faithful [watchman], true. Ooth. 
 
 -valvyan to roll ; balvyan to torture ; bals-agga [twisting] neck ("cpaxij^o?) ; 
 vulva spoil; vilvan to whirl away, rob; vulla wool; valtyan to 
 whirl, rush, push; vulan to boil up; valus ■wa.a.d; O. H. G. wellan to 
 roll, whirl; wella wave; wulluh wrapping; wulsta crown, lip; A. S. 
 vlite, vlits coimtenance (vultus) ; vlUan, vkitan to glance, flash round; 
 vuldor glory ; Goth, varan to be wary, cautious ; varyan to guard, defend, 
 drive off; vars cautious, sober; varei attention, keenness; tuz-veryan 
 to doubt [the truth]; vardya watchman, protector; varmyan to [wrap 
 up, be snug], warm ; vaiirms dragon, snake, worm (vermis) ; 0. H. G. 
 wdr intent, wary, faithful, true (guard); wieren to twist; M. H. G. 
 zyjera garland ; wire wire; O. Ger. Ampsi-varii warders of Ems; Angri- 
 varii meadow- wards ; O. N. vela to ensnare, deceive; velta to roll; 
 vella to ho^l; voir [circling], falcon; roimd; an arch; villaz to go astray; 
 villr (Goth, viltheis) wild; vara to keep, reserve, last, endure; vara 
 wares; vardha to ward, keep; varna to be cautious, warn; vdr, vdrr 
 faithfulness, truth; bolr rump (volvo); bolstr bolster; b6l ring-wall, 
 camp ; bila to wrench, break, exhaust (vello) ; bol evil ; bil period, delay; 
 {HyClki and Bil, Jack and Jill, grass-hook and sickle, new moon and 
 old, carry a pail up the sky with the moon; tides); 6 j^Zr whirlwind; 
 A. S. varian to guard, possess; varu protection, territory, inhabitants; 
 veard possession, warder; vearn hurling back, refusal; veal ring-wall, 
 fort ; veallian to roam; vealh, vdlsc foreigner; vild wild; -^eald [tangled, 
 dazing] forest; vdlm surge; vael, bael [whirling] flame; bael-vudu 
 funeral-pile ; vdl, bealu death, destruction (oXXu(ji.t) ; byldan to [round], 
 shape, frame, build; Scotch bield ring-wall, fold; 0. H. G. bild [totem- 
 pole], image. Lith. velti to wrap; volioti to roll; vilnis wave; vilm 
 
 wool; O. R. wato' to roll; vluna wave; wool; R. valyat to roll, twist, 
 knead; vilyat to twist, avoid; valik cylinder; velikiy great; volost circle, 
 canton ; vladeit to rule ; bol throe ; bolvan totem-pole, idol ; valun pebble, 
 cobblestone; valyat to hurl down, pile up; vorovat to strip, roh;voroM 
 to turn; vernut to turn back; svernut to roll; sverlit to bore; vorona 
 crow (roaming); voroniy black, polished; volnovat to stir; volos hair 
 (vellus); veirniy careful, faithful, true; vremya [circling] time (cf. 
 
 vermis). Jr. fillim to twist, wrap, turn, circle, delay (cf. cunctor, 
 
 moror) ; fial veil, sail; fil it is (versatur) ; [do-follaim], tollaim to bore; 
 f^l, f£ire [recurring] festival ; fell treachery (ensnaring) ; folium to fly 
 (volo) ; fail vicinity (within circle) ; fdmae hedge, fence (fal-mag); fH 
 ring-wall , hedge , protector, king ; flaith dominion (valeo, validus) ; [valad\, 
 
— 193 — 
 
 ulad monument; Ulster; bally [fortified] town; ballan bowl; ball limb 
 (turning on joint); bil brim, hoop; bulk, buille [sweeping] blow; 
 bullech hard-hitter (bully) ; ai-bail to perish, die (8XXu(i,i but v. p. 
 65); faire watch, guard; fairend [changing watch], band, party; 
 far-rod company; fir (verus) true, right; firSn just; firaim to make 
 true ; ferenn girdle ; fern shield (d-varanam) ; Lindis-fern water-shield, 
 coast defence ; fo-ferim, fdirim to bring about, effect ; feraim to pour 
 out; fiar curved; fiiar I have found (eijpferitu) ; friih-iiiraim = adficio; 
 iHr ad = factum est (to round, form, effect; or sero p. 151); or brim; 
 berbaim to boil; borb [dizzy], mad, foolish (cf. p. 63); 6r, 'Aar time, 
 season (wp«); W. gwareu to sport round, play; gwaroioM [circles, rings], 
 theatres; guelet to see (/YXXw) ; Bret, hoari sport, game; hoar, gear 
 time, leisure; goarek lazy; gouSl veil, sail; goareg arch; goarem cave; 
 rain-bow; goleu light (rather p. i$4);fouliar ivy {volvo); fouled, fourrad 
 whirlwind; fouligein to hurl down; fouiltrein to destroy; fournis wide, 
 vast (eiipiji;); guialen withe, rod; guir, guirion faithfid, true; guirieu 
 justice; guers a period; urisin astrologer (liar); barein to round, fill; 
 bernein to heap ; bolad bowl ; barriel town-wall (PSpt?) ; barrein to 
 stripe (varius); gloan wool; O. C. Lugu-ballium (bally); Ver-ulamium 
 true dignity {ollam) ; ballux nugget {bulla) ; bulluca wild-fruit, sloes; 
 Barrum (a fort); Con- f alius ring- wall, protector, guardian, Connell; 
 Dumnfall protector of the world, Donnell; Ar-verni noble-shields. 
 
 Sk. var, vari water (horizon-circle); Varunas Neptune, ocean. 
 
 Zd. v&ra rain; vdrenti it rains. Gk. oupav^s [circling, raining] 
 
 heaven (Heb. "the waters yonder " = heaven) ; oi5pov urine; oupsu; 
 &yf-o6piov [water-jug], water-melon ; [dyT-oupo?], afoupo? [water- 
 squeeze], oil of unripe olives; immature; i^i\pl(; mallow (eT^u); 
 [form vdli, vali,valas], fsKoq swamp; low-land; "EXo?, 'EX^a; 'HXi?; 
 
 f'AXv^tot = Eleans, low-landers; fXii? slime, dregs. Lat. urina, urinare; 
 
 urindri to dive; urinator diver; urna water-jug; pinc-erna cup-bearer; 
 cist-erna; cav-erna; lab-urnus; Volt-urnus; vallis [low-land], valley; 
 
 Velia drained land; Velabrum; Velitrae; vilis base, wretched. O. N. 
 
 ur drizzle, mist; yrya to drizzle; aur moisture, clay; peyri sea-coast; 
 ver sea; A. S. T^ar sea. R. varit to boil, digest. Ir. fern-og [fresh- 
 vigor], alder; fiiar, 4ar fresh, cool, moist; iiardn spring-well; feraim 
 to pour? fuil blood; fHal urine (vilis); W. cilwrn water vessel; W., 
 Cor., Bret., gwernen alder; Bret, gouli drained; gouli [bleeding] wound; 
 
 goal vile, bad; goulion filth; oueled crucible; guern marsh. 0. C. 
 
 guel wine-vat; goer brook (melt with p. 183); O. C. Urnia nymph of 
 Ntmes; Orna river; Duro-vernum alder-town; Perc-ernes nymphs 
 (water-sprinklers) ; Vernodubrum alder-water. 
 13 
 
— 194 — 
 
 Sk. vri (vrindmi) to [encircle, grasp, embrace], choose, desire, 
 wish; ut-vri (udvar) to demand; var (varaydmi) to choose, seek in 
 marriage; vards wooer; vdras wish, choice, favor; vdras (coap. 
 variyas) good, excellent, distinguished; varenyas excellent; vratam 
 will, duty, vow; vrit, vrig to choose, love; vrin to eat; vri, vri, 
 bri (vrindmi) to choose; vridh to be happy, blooming, strong; 
 val, vail, bal to embrace, cleave to, love; feed; vallabhas be- 
 loved; vallavas shepherd; balam [determination], force; vli to grasp, 
 
 go [round], choose. Zd. var to choose, wish. Gk. §oijXoiic« 
 
 Aeol. ^(5XXofi.at (balam) to wish, will; ^ouXeiJO[jiat to make one's 
 decision, take counsel; §ouXiq counsel; ^ouXsuat?, ^o6Xeu\t.<x will; 
 §aXe would that! /aiplu (elXov) to take, choose; eXwp prey; eXou 
 choose! IXeu-6epoi; [choose your harvest; reap where you will], free 
 [laborer]; flXs/eu, /IXs/atpw (aiplu) to [shelter], be gracious, merciful; 
 eXeiQ(i.uv compassionate; 1fXY)(j,t to be propitious; HXeu?, IfXao? pro- 
 pitious, merciful; iXa<Joco[jiat to propitiate, reconcile, atone; IXapi; 
 cheerftol, merry; /-^pa acceptable gifts; Ipavo? kindness, favor, love- 
 feast; spajJiai, Ipdw to love, desire; epu? love (v. p. 114); flps/efvu, 
 Iplu, Ipwraw to seek, ask, enquire; Ipsuvaw to seek diligently, hunt, 
 investigate (adds van to desire) ; fEfsX8o[i.at, feXSo{ji,at to desire, 
 long for (vridh); leXSup wish, longing; PsX^fuv better, more desirable. 
 
 -Lat. volo to desire, wish, resolve; voluntas wish (adds van); ■ 
 
 to be [determined], strong; [desirable], worth, well, determined; otWw 
 strong (cf. leXSo(ji.ai) ; valor value; valetudo health; vel [as you 
 please], or ; ullus any you please , quilibet ; -volus (fri-volus) , -ulus, -olus, 
 -illus, -[vivolus], -4olus diminutive terminations (little, dear, pet); 
 lulus, Julius beloved; ultra (comp. deg.) voluntarily; 6e/to beautiful, 
 
 attractive, desirable; bellaria sweet -meats. Goth, valyan to choose; 
 
 valis chosen, beloved; ga-valeins choice, election; vaiZa well, agreeably; 
 vilya will, desire; vilyan- tcyvfish, be determined, prosper; valdanto 
 command, govern; valdufni authority; vairilo lip; un-veryan to be 
 angry; un-vereins indignation; 0. N. vera bounty, home; ver lip; 
 feyra to be gracious, contented; eira content, rest; eyraruna bride; 
 eyrir (plu. aurar) satisfaction, payment; orr generous, cheerful; 
 vilya to will; vili will, pleasure; veldi government; vald force; valk 
 to effect, cause; vtl yearning, sorrow; vild pleasure; vildr delightful; 
 vel (A. S. vile) engaging trick, wile; vala choice, election; vala,vdb(i 
 [god-chosen], prophetess; Val-holl hall of the chosen; A. S. w/good; 
 vela possession; velig rich; vaila well; vraene wanton; vrenna viKn. 
 
 Lith. velyiu to wish, counsel ; velyius he prefers ; 0. R. vohH to 
 
 wish; volya will, desire; R. veleit to command. Ir. follnaim to 
 
 rule; (Voluntii, O'Fallon); flaith master, lord, domimon; fdelte }0J, 
 
— 195 — 
 
 welcome; \f\dilim to long for, pray; feil feast? fili, filidh poet; fele 
 honor; fial generous, gracious; bail, bil luck, happiness, eloquence; 
 bile lucky tree or well; bel-taine May-day fire; bel lip; b6l-re speech 
 (rH; but cf. p. 65); {do-fol], tol will; toltanach voluntary; folmas 
 intention; ferr better; feraim to be generous, give, pour out; feraim 
 fdelte to offer welcome; fdelte joy, welcome; W. gwell well; Bret. 
 giiell better; guellat to improve, cure; goulen request; gouil festival; 
 barnein to select, estimate, judge; barnir referee, judge; barren [legal] 
 bar; baron judge, baron (cf. p. 62) ; 0. C. Belus, Belinus, Belenus 
 sun-god; Belerion Land's-End, sunset; Bilinus, Bilbilis; Belatu-cadros 
 war-god (Bret, cadr beautiful) ; Beli-sama sky-goddess (_sam summer) ; 
 Bela-donnis Mars (dark lord ; but v. aibail) ; Bellovaci (war-shouters) ; 
 Voluntii rulers; Cassi-vellaunus glorious lord; Catu-vellauni war-lords. 
 
 Sk. svri, vri to roll the voice, repeat cry; ululis howling; ulUkas 
 
 owl. Gk. (5XoX61^(i) to shout for joy, for sorrow; dXoXuytov croaking; 
 
 dXoXuYafa owl; CiXiw, uXaxxew to bark; dtXaXi], eXeXsu war-shout. 
 
 Lat. ululo to howl; ulula owl; ejulo to lament. O. H. G. Ma owl. 
 
 Sk. ri to whirl up; svrt to shoot [up]; vir to [tower aloft, carry 
 head high, brandish], be heroic (cf. silr, gur with same sequence of 
 thought; giXras hero; giras [high] head; giras, gilas head of com; gili 
 arrow; gariram body); vlras hero; reed; wirawam sweet-grass (high 
 
 spike); viryam valor; veras [stature], body. Gk. ^pu? hero; ■^pfov 
 
 mound, barrow, monument? -^pyov hero's shrine. Lat. vir man, 
 
 husband; virtus valor; virago troublesome wife (husband-vexer) ; 
 vireo to sprout, bloom, be strong; viridis verdant; [ver-venna, ver-vena], 
 
 verbena gracious herb (van) ; ver-atrum [black herb], hellebore. Goth. 
 
 voir (0. H. G. wer) hero; O. N. ver (plu. veryar) hero, man; [ferfer] 
 veorr defender, Thor; ferr, errinn vigorous; virdhir men at arms (melts 
 with vordhr warder); virdha to honor, value; virdhing honor, worth; 
 ver[g\eldi blood-fine, ransom; ver-bergi hospitality, shelter, house; 
 A. S. ver man, hero; ver-ihedd, ver-od men at arms; ver -old gen- 
 eration of men, world. Lith. vyras hero, man. Ir. fer man; 
 
 fSr grass; fer and [meadow] land; iZr fresh, new; lir, lXir earth; Urde 
 fresh, green, earthen, human; jrem root, stock, origin; W. guered 
 (Cor. gueret) earth; gur man; gwreic (Bret, grouig) woman; Com. 
 guirt green; 0. C. Ver-cingeto-rix hero-warrior-king; Virido-marus 
 much-landed. 
 
 Sk. ri, sri, svri to speed, be impetuous; svri to utter, praise; 
 vri, vri to desire, be eager; [vrU], bru (bravlmi, bruve) to speak. 
 
— 196 — 
 
 Zd. var to teach; 0. Pers. var to announce. Gk. /ipu, s[p|u 
 
 (fprjeTiaoiAat, ^rfidq, p-t]T:6<;) to speak, promise; e!pif)[j.gvov promised, 
 agreed; eEpi^vr) peace (p. 151); piji^-a word; ^iqtup (Aeol. Ppvjtup) 
 
 orator; fpatpa, piQ'^P" saying. Lat. [vervum], verbum word; Umbr. 
 
 verfale formula; Lat. barrio to roar, trumpet. Goth, vaiird word; 
 
 anda-vaurdi answer; 0. N. fordh word, speech, distich. 0. Pruss. 
 
 wirde word; Lith. vardas name; R. vrat to talk idly, lie; vredit to be 
 
 malicious; bredit to talk wildly, prophesy, rave. Ir. briathar word; 
 
 breth sentence; brdth judgment; bruden palace-court; W. fcrawd judg- 
 ment ; briid prophecy, chronicle ; brudein to proclaim, celebrate ; Mod. 
 Ir. co-brath, go-bragh until the judgment-day, forever; Bret, hretai, 
 brentein to plead at law; bretour pleader; 0. C. vergo-breius stern- 
 sentence, judge; Brettones, Brittones law-making, speaking intelligibly 
 (contrasted with barbarous Iberians) ; Com-bretonium court-assembly; 
 Bratu-spantium terrible judgment (p. 49); bratude ='hy decree. 
 
 Sk. ri develops vri; a list of their parallel formations is given on 
 p. 122. 
 
 Sk. vri to be eager; vrinh to swell, roar; brU to utter. Gk. 
 
 pXif]xaoii.ai to bleat; ^Xiqxwv, yMx*^"^ pennyroyal (sweet-breath). — 
 O. H. G. bldzu to bleat; Ger. bloken. O.R. bleiyati, blekati to bleat. 
 
 Sk. vri to desire, [caus. vrip]. Gk. gXxw (fS/oXxa, /l/IXitoinin) 
 
 to [long for], hope; IXxf? hope; ocXtcvicttoc; loveliest, sweetest; IxaXwo; 
 
 cheerful; dXxaXatoc; beloved. Lat. volup, voluptas pleasure; 
 
 verpus [passionate]; vulpes fox [greedy]; [v]lupMs wolf (melts with 
 
 vrikas) ; Sabine firpus, hirpus [ravening] wolf. Goth, vulfs wolf; 
 
 O. N. ulfr wolf; ^Ifa she-wolf; A. S. vulf, vylf. 
 
 Sk. sri, svri to hurl, shoot ; vri to whirl, wrap ; causal forms riph, 
 rimph, riph, rintph to hurl, shoot (p. 138; here developed with initial 
 
 v). Gk. fplxw to sink (of scales, shifting, wavering, balancing); 
 
 to incline, drop, fall, become one's duty (p. 142); fpixtu to hurl; 
 flpefxu to hurl down, fall, sink; fixaXov staff, club; [xaXafpoiji], 
 xotXaupoip shepherd's crook (xlXXu) ; ^Xexw to glance round; gXi?«po» 
 eyelid; ppageii? [quick-eye] umpire; ^ap^iTov [rattling, quick-struck] 
 
 lyre; poipSo? staff. Lat. verber stroke, lash; verbero to strike. — ■ 
 
 Goth, vairpan to hurl; O. N. verpa, varpa to hurl; varp warp of loom. 
 
 0. R. vrtiba willow (swaying); R. verba willow; verbniy Palm 
 
 [Sunday]; verevka cord. Ir. ferb cow [driven about, reeved]; 0. C 
 
 Verbi-genus cattle-clan, reevers. 
 
— 197 — 
 
 Sk. ri to impel; rin, rinv to go; [forms vri, vris to whirl, whirl away, 
 
 sweep away]. Gk. puu, Ipiiu, eJpiiw (Horn, deico-fepire; frequentatives 
 
 Ipufftil^co, pu(jTi4i;o)) to drag; [fepaolo)], Ipulu to sweep to and fro, 
 flow, rush; gppu to [be swept about], wander, come to harm, be lost, 
 [dizzy], tottering; (iic-aupdia) to sweep away, reeve, rob; ^uaiov booty; 
 i^egita to sweep out, dash out, empty; l^dpa^a vomit; piju to pluck 
 away, deliver; pi)\i.6<; chariot- pole (whirled along, cf. p. 133); ^utijp, 
 PpuTiQp trace, rein; ^ucccdl^w to drag about; puadq wrinkled; puTf? fur- 
 row, wrinkle ; puTi^ rue (puckering mouth) . Lat. verro to whi^ away, 
 
 sweep; verriculum drag-net; (redup.) viverra [robber], weasel; versus 
 furrow; [vorseum], /jorreMm grain-pit, granary ("quidqtiid de Lybicis 
 
 verritur areis.") 0. N. vorr furrow; foerr raging; forr eager, swift; 
 
 (vri melts with ri p. 114); vorr girl (swept away by suitor); verra, 
 versta worse, worst; A. S. vraestan to twist, wrest away, wrestle; 
 
 O.H.G. werran to tear, rend. R. vrivat to burst in; o-brivat to strip. 
 
 Ir. forran wrath, sweeping destruction, defeat ; err chariot-fighter, 
 
 spear-point; ara chariot-driver; 0. C. Arro, Arrus, Arsius, Ersea. 
 
 Sk. vri to encircle, wrap, embrace, love; intensive vrinh to be 
 excited with passion, be turgid, swell, be full, grow, roar, growl, speak 
 eagerly (cf. rilksh p. 125, ri^ p. 130); vrinh, varM, valk to flash out, 
 shine, speak (cf. ruM p. 136) ; valg to prance ; vrish to be strong, generate, 
 sprinkle, pour, rain ; vriksh, vrik to wrap, cover, [wring] (v. rang, rdkh, 
 p. 131) ; vrik to seize; vrikas wolf (cf. riksh p. 122) ; vrii, vrin^ to [tear 
 away, leave the wreck], leave, abstain, renounce (v. riH p. 134); 
 d-vrii to bend, turn, turn out, pour, give (vi-rils p. 134); ni-vri^ to 
 plimge; vri^ to wash off, cleanse; vra^ to go [round], [circle], follow 
 [round, mold], make, [twine], adorn, turn from, leave (rdkh p. 135); 
 vra(^, varh, barh to wring off, tear away, destroy (lunlS p. 133) ; vris, 
 vrus to hurt, kill; vrinh, vleksh to glance round, see (IdK, 136); [Vrah- 
 man], Brahman generator, origin of life and light. 
 
 Sk. mnh (p.p. vrinhitas, caus. vrinhayishyami) to be turgid, swell, 
 grow ; vrikshas tree ; vrih to grow ; vrihatas tall ; {v]ruh to grow, start up, 
 rise; vrihis rice (Afghan urishi, Armen. brim); vrish to be physically 
 excited, [bristle]; to be strong; varshman height; body; varshtyas the 
 
 top. Gk. ^opudv stake, cross; ^6paa hide (bristling); ^pijasoq 
 
 sea-urchin; /Sput^a rice (bristling) ; ^ps.x\>.6q crown of head; ^psy^La fore- 
 head (p. 73); 6pxi5 sow; [fopao?], Sppo? end of back-bone; gpfl^a (now 
 
 vrisa) rye (bristling awns) ; lpe(»r) heather (bristling; R. veresk). Lat. 
 
 Volsci cragsmen? verruca height, wart. Goth, ga-vrisqan to ripen 
 
 [corn], bear fruit; 0. Sax. wriselik, gigantic; 0. N. risi, giant; A. S. 
 
— 198 — 
 
 her Stan, O. H. G. brestan [vrestan] to [swell], burst with ftdness; A. S. 
 
 breost breast (turgid with milk) ; bristl 0. N. burst bristle. 0. R. 
 
 vrukhu height, peak; R. verkhniy above; verkh, vershina peak; vorohh 
 
 pile; velikiy great; vorsa knap; vorsit to card. Ir. forrach pole; 
 
 jiesc a sprout, rod; aursa, ursa, irsa, urra door-post; err tail, fin, spike; 
 eross stern-post; borr haughty, proud; barr head, peak, crest; Bret. 
 aros stem; frost [rough], untilled land; bars bass (sharp fin) ; W. brysg 
 lively, quick; Cor., Bret, [vloh], floh lad, page; Bret, brog stump of 
 branch; broch spit; brtich breast; 0. C. Burrus rough, shaggy, donkey; 
 reburrus bristling, against the grain, au rebours; Rebricus, Rebmrus 
 (bushy hair) ; Borsus, Boresti, Borrus, Barsa; Barro-vindus wiate-heaA; 
 farinca spelt; Brixia forest (or with p. 73). 
 
 Sk. vrinh, [vri^] to be turgid, swell ; w| to be strong, vigorous; caus, 
 ur^aydmi to strengthen, nourish; uria, ur^as sap, energy, genital force; 
 
 uriasvant swelling. Gk. dpyi^G) to swell, teem, be well-watered, 
 
 luxuriant, wanton; dpya? fertile, marriageable; opyavov organ of 
 sense, motion; dpifi] impulse, disposition, wrath; opyta orgies, bacchana- 
 lian sacrifices; dpeYu to yearn (melts with rig). Lat. urgeo to press, 
 
 force, be vigorous ; virga sprout ; virgo young woman. R. [woga], braga 
 
 malt? vrag enemy (dpTij). Ir. ferg wrath; orgim to ravage, destroy; 
 
 uirge genitals; W. gwerg forcible, efficacious; 0. C. vergo-bretus mighty- 
 judge; Verg-[g]ustus mighty force, Fergus; Verg-filius delightful 
 vigor; Vergilius Maro Farelly O'More. 
 
 Sk. vi-riM, to pour out (p. 134); vrinh to be turgid, overflow; 
 d-vrii to pour out; ni-vri^ to plunge; vri^ to wash; pra-vrin^ to purify. 
 
 Gk. Ppsxci) to rain; ^puxio?, ^pu^ the depth of the sea; uxoPpiixio? 
 
 tinder water, deep; oXxstov washing-bowl, tub; rudder [swashing, cf. 
 whelm, helm]; eXxo? [flowing] wound; [running] sore {ci-varnas, vulnus). 
 
 Lat. Volcanus smelter ; volucer swift (torrent) ; ulcus ulcer ; [vlacm], 
 
 flaccus drained, limp? A.S. volcen, O.H.G. wolchan cloud, sky; A.S. 
 
 vealcan to roll, toss (of waves) ; vealcere bleacher, fuller; vlaec weak, 
 
 useless; Ger. welk drained, limp. O. R. vlaga liquid, moist; vlazhnosi 
 
 moisture. Ir. folcaim to wash; fliuch wet; flechud rain; W. \pdii\ 
 
 gulip moist; Bret, golh washing, wash-water; [vlokad], flokad cascade; 
 [gulip],flip hot drink; gluv, glub wet; glo^h dew; gbSu sprinkled, rare; 
 0. C. Volcae mountain torrents; Catu-volcus swift in war ; F/aa'ocMJ (6)' 
 
 Sk. vrinh to be full, turgid; vrish to be strong, generate, sprinkle, 
 pour, rain; vrishas, vrishabhas, rishabhas btdl (cf. ridh=vridh) ; vrislnK 
 ram; vrishnas testicle; vardh boar; vrishtis, varshas rain; Vrism 
 
— 199 — 
 
 [spring rain], Indra (cf. vi-rik p. 134). Zd. farshan male, man. 
 
 Gk. ip<jiQ, spot) (Hom. /IflpoT), Cretan Sepca) dew; Ipoijen; dewy; 
 "EpexOfiui;, 'Egial-yfiiav all-father, dew-on-ground, worshipped in the 
 Erechtheum with his daughters "Epur), HivSpocoi;, 'AypaiiXi] (dew, all- 
 dew, night-watch) ; his serpent-form personified night ; confused with 
 Poseidon Erechtheus the breaker {vrofk) who brought the salt spring 
 from the under-world with his trident; Bpttnjt? dewy; [Ipaaos], Ippao? 
 ram, wild-boar; Sp^t? testicle; Spoigv, Ion. ipoijv, Att. Sppifjv male; 
 
 dtpsevixdi; masculine. Lat. verres boar; Verres, Varro manly; [v]ros 
 
 dew; roscidus dewy; (v. p. 119); \rasrus], rarus scattered, few? 
 
 0. N. [vers], err vigorous? R. rosa dew (cf. rishabhas). Ir. frass 
 
 rain-shower; Bret, fringein (vrinh) to be wanton; frigein to scatter, 
 squander; mingere. 
 
 Sk. vrinh to be vigorous; vrish to be strong, [grip], bind; vrig 
 to desire; varh, barh to kill; ut-vrih to tear out; vrik to seize, take; 
 vrikas wolf; vragle to rend, tear, break, destroy (cf. riksh, rig, risk 
 
 p. 132); valkas bark. Gk. pi^YvuiAt, (pYi^u) to rend, tear; pdxo? 
 
 (Aeol. ^pofnos) rag; Ipsixw to rend, crush, shatter; paY<5u to cut; 
 §po(^«t to grasp, PpaxiJ? [wrenched off], short; [short pole], shallow; 
 ipe/Oti) to shatter, wreck; Xijxo? wolf; Xijx,o?, 6X5t<iq, &pa.yyt\ spider; 6\v.ii; 
 
 greedy. Lat. hi-ulcus yawning, ravening (Mo) ; ulciscor to [hound, 
 
 pursue as wolf], avenge; bub-ulcus ox-driver; sub-ulcus swine-herd; 
 
 brevis short, shallow. A. S. vearh wolf, vyrgen a she-wolf; 0. N. 
 
 vargr wolf, outlaw; ylgya she-wolf; Goth, launa-vargs gift-wolf, un- 
 thankful (cf. O. H. G. wolf-danch unthankful); ga-vargyan to pro- 
 claim as a wolf; outlaw, condemn. Lith. vilkas, O. R. vluku wolf; 
 
 R. volk wolf; voWen thistle; volUan lupine; wZMw .were-wolf, wizard. 
 
 Ir. brissim to break? forcha thtmderbolt (epI^Ow) ; 0. C Catu- 
 
 volcus war-wolf? 
 
 Sk. vrinh to be eager; vrafU to rend, tear, snatch. Gk. eXxw, 
 
 IXxlu, to drag [prey, corpse, etc.], tear hair, wrench; drag [in general] 
 (melt with srig, p. 126); oXxiq draught, weight; oXxd? merchant-ship; 
 6Xxy)ti5p harrow-tooth; a5Xa5, &\^, iwXxa, dXxd? furrow, gash, channel; 
 
 e4X(4xa plowshare. Lat. bub-ulcus [ox-furrow], plowman. Lith. 
 
 velku to drag; valksmas haul of fish; O. R. vleikan to drag. Bret. 
 
 forhein to strip, tear. 
 
 Sk. vrinh to [be eager, impetuous], roar, [glare], glance round, 
 [flash out], speak; vark to flash rotmd; ulka firebrand, meteor; [varh], 
 
— 200 — 
 
 barh to flash out, speak, excel, give [food], kill; vleksk to see; vris 
 
 vrils to kill (cf. ruksh p. 124; ru^ 136). Gk. ^pax" to roar, crash; 
 
 Ppuxaofjiai to roar; ^p(5rX°? throat; ppiT/oq hoarseness; Pp^xw, §p6xuto 
 
 devour; ^pouxo? locust. Goth, vrohyan, O. H. G. ruogan to accuse; 
 
 A. S. verhdho [gnashing], misery in hell; vlanc fierce, proud; hedrcan 
 
 to bark; 0. N. barki throat. R. brekhaf to talk wildly; briokho 
 
 belly, maw; briozzhat to growl, grumble; vrakitalk, nonsense. Jr. 
 
 forcha lightning, thunderbolt; Bret, bruhellat to roar; bruch throat, 
 breast; grik word? 
 
 Sk. vrinh to be eager; vrik to grasp; vriksh, vriM to [grip, twist], 
 wrap, cover; vrish to bind; d-vrig to bend, bend down, pour; m| to 
 [wrench off], deprive, leave alone; vra^ to go round, wander, [ciicle], 
 follow after (ci. felloe, follow) ; to [shape, mold, wreathe], make, adorn, 
 turn away, leave; caus. to drive away, banish; vargas gathered crowd; 
 
 multitude; [varh], barh to [grip], cover, kill. Gk. /eYpYvu(Ai, eipyu 
 
 to shut in, guard; [caus. to drive out]; AuxoupYo? wolf-ward (lup-ercal); 
 EipY(ji6?, eipxTiQ prison, inner court; epxo? ring-wall, fort, fence, net; 
 IpxaviQ, opxavY] fence, net; <5pxo<; [bond], oath; fptxvdo[ji.at to twist, 
 contort, shrivel; IpsExY) heather (pliant; p. 197); dpxavi] weaver's 
 beam (knotted thrums) (melted with riK, p. 130); appixo?, ipixi!?, 
 upiaxos wicker basket, beehive ((Jiipixo? an error); piTOo? coffer, 
 chest; iipxiQ wine-jar (narrowing brim); §pi5xo? noose, snare; ^pa^'lov 
 fore-arm (turning on socket-joint) ; ipy&'(,o\Lai {f'ifogya) to [mold, 
 twine], work, do; spyov work; Bpyavov tool, material; dpydl^u to knead, 
 
 fashion; fpel^w (eppe^a) to do, perform, sacrifice; opyEwv priest. Lat. 
 
 vergo to turn toward, bend; convergo, diver go; urgeo to compress, 
 narrow; urceus wine-jar; uragus, orcus [prison-house]. Hades; vergiliae, 
 Pleiades [compressed, clump]; valgus crowd, people (wargtw multitude); 
 valgus twisted, bow-legged; fruga wrinkle (pixvooi^ai) ; virga vfuni. 
 
 Goth, vraigs twisted, crooked; vruggo snare; vrikan, vrakyan to 
 
 pursue, avenge, wreak; ur-rugks expelled, rejected; aurkeis jug; 
 vaurkyan to effect; vaurstv work; aurahyo sepulchre {orcus); A. S. 
 vrigian to bend, follow; vringan to twist, wring; vrecan to force, expel, 
 banish, avenge; vrecca banished, outlaw, wretch; vrixlan to [twist], 
 exchange; vrincle wrinkle; vrencan to snare, cheat, wrench; vrdsn 
 crown; vyrhta wright, workman; vealcan to turn, revolve, roll; to 
 roam, walk; O. N. virki ring- wall, earth-work; virgill rope, halter, 
 
 ring; froekya to guard, [encircle, limit]. Lith. verzhiu to snare, 
 
 choke; O. R. vruzan to bind; vragu foe (cf. vrecca); R. vrashUatsya 10 
 revolve; vraH physician (bone-setter, masseur). Ir. fraig wattle- 
 work, inner wall (cf. Wand); frdech heather; brdge neck (xpiixKiXo?); 
 
— 201 — 
 
 Bret, guelch twisted; gourgam crooked; forgenel curl, ring; 0. C. Ver- 
 givius encircling ocean. 
 
 Sk. vra^ to wreathe, adorn; vriksh, vrik to wrap, cover. O. N. 
 
 broekr leg strips (cf. Ger. Strumpfe), hose, loin-cloth, breeches; A. S. 
 
 broc breeches; O. H. G. pruoh. 0. R. bratzina silken robes. Ir. 
 
 brocc, brogg shoes; W. gwregys. Com. grugis, Bret, grouiz girdle; O. C, 
 Lat. braccae breeches, gaiters, hose. 
 
 Sk. vri (p. p. vritas) to wrap; vrit {varte, p. p. vrittas) to go [round], 
 turn, versari, exist, dwell, happen, turn out, live, act; cans, (vartyami) 
 to move, stir, cause, create, pass the time, relate; vrittam event, fact; 
 varttd messenger, story; vrittas, vartulas round; vdrttas [returning in 
 safety], well; vratam ceremony, sacrifice; Vritras [returning] dawn, 
 slain by Indra the sun; vartakas the quail (returning in migration); 
 vartanas spindle; exchange, barter, merchandise; a living; vrindas 
 crowd; wud to wrap, cover, heap, gather, plunge; vrld to [veil], be 
 
 modest; [vard], ard to twist, squeeze (cf. ndh==vridh). Gk. /"AptsiJiK; 
 
 circling nature, moon, armed with crescent bow; huntress, sister of 
 sun; unwed but loves 'Ev-Suti-fcov (going down in the west), the evening 
 star; fdpTsjjnjq safe and sound (vdrttas); /dpTsfjicov pulley, foresail; 
 ipi-fl, fl/opTi^ recurring festival; SpTU^ qxiail (migrating, whirring); 
 iptaXftiw to flutter roimd; 'OpTuyfa Delos, birthplace of sun and moon, 
 centre of pilgrimage; SpBpo? dusk, dawn; f'OpGpo? hound of dawn, 
 child of Echidna the darkness dragon ; like Argos he guards the star- 
 flocks until slain by Heracles the sun in the island of Erytheia (red- 
 dening dawn); /paTdvi), Aeol. ^pm&va stirrer, ladle; poSdvr) thread 
 (vrindas); pob(xv6<; flickering (p. 149); §?!■:«; round log, totem-pole, 
 primitive idol; ^pevGiiotJiai to [brandish, wave plume], be arrogant; 
 Ppdveos [stalking], a long-legged water-bird; >.«-§upiv0o<; (X« intensive 
 or Xa/ devouring) spiral of sun, contracting to winter-solstice; cf. 
 
 AafSaXos; also, spiral of snail-shell; contracting noose. Lat. verto 
 
 to turn; versor to exist, dwell, roam; versutus twisting, tricky, 
 skilled; vortex; vertigo; vertebra; Vertumnus (p. 20) returning nature, 
 fruitful year. A. S. vrtdhan to wreathe, writhe, bind; vrdt decora- 
 tion; vraedh [choking] wrath; veordh exchanged, valued, precious; 
 veordhian to honor (cf. vir, viridis, and vratam ceremony); vordhig 
 dwelling place, estate; veordhan to become; Goth, vairthan to become, 
 vairthon to value ; vraton to wander (vrindas) ; vulthr splendor ? ( Vritras) ; 
 
 vrithtis [roimded up] herd, flock. R. vorotit to turn; verteit to turn, 
 
 bore; vorot capstan; vorotilo sail of windmill; vertliog axle; vorota 
 arch, gate; vertlo auger, den; vertel spit; versta mile-post, kilometer; 
 
— 202 — 
 
 [urtro], utro dawn (Vritras); utroba belly, bosom. Ir. fertas axle 
 
 6ista.& ; fert round mound, gra,ve; frith, fri towards; brot sting, spit, 
 point; brat mantle; bruth flame; urtach festival; urtlach fold, bosom, 
 lap-full; Com. gurthit distaff; brat mantle; Bret, broud point, goad; 
 burtellat to twist, tease; [guerthed], guerhed distaff. 
 
 Sk. vrit to become, develop; vridh (vavridhe, vardhatdm), to grow, 
 swell with sap (akin to vrinh), bloom, be happy; caus. (vardfiayami) 
 to feed, nurse, nurture, bring up; vriddhas grown up, old, rich; vrintas 
 [nurse], nipple, stalk; vradhant great; vardh to fill, burst with fulness, 
 split; ridh (digamma lost, cf. vrish=rish) to grow, swell; riddhas rich, 
 happy ; sam-riddhas grown up, great, rich, the whole ; riddhis abundance, 
 happiness; urd to [fill], measure, [be luxuriant, yotmg], taste, sport; 
 urdhvas tall, well -grown; ridh to thrive, prosper, succeed, help; 
 ardhukas healthy; riddhis healing herb; arth to desire, seek; arths 
 wealth, advantage, taste, sense, fruit, [timber], material, cause (p. 113); 
 ardhas, arddhas [split; cf. vardh], half; drdras moist, fresh, full of sap; 
 
 drdraydmi to wet; rud to [distil gum], weep. Zd. rud to grow; 
 
 vared to grow, help, foster, prosper; vareda growing, growth; vared to 
 
 benefit. Gk. fpl^a. (Aeol. ^pJaSa) [sap-giver], root; opu!^a [wild] 
 
 rice (afterwards the imported) ; ^pfl^a rye? §p£v6ijoitai to be luxurious, 
 proud; to strut? ^XacjTiiva) to bud, grow, propagate; ^XaoTii? sprout, 
 germ, child; ^XtoOpdi; tall, stately [pine-tree] ; pd^a^ycx;, f6p6ba\^voq, fih^ 
 sprout, twig; paSivd? (Aeol, gpaSivo?) slender, delicate, luxuriant; 
 pdSov (Aeol. PpdSov, Armen. vard) rose; aX6o[j.at to grow, be cured, 
 be well; dXOafvu to heal; aX6a{a mallow; 'AXOafa natural force, survival 
 of fittest; destroyer of her own child, the svmimer, MsXIaypo? (love- 
 the-wild) ; he conquers one winter (the Calydonian boar) and dies 
 with the quenched yule-brand of the next solstice ; dXSiQffxo) to grow; 
 caus. dXSafvd) to nourish, increase, multiply; apSrjv [tall], lifted on 
 high; [bursting], utter ruin; apSi? [reed, shaft, point], arrow-head (cf. 
 (Has head of grain, gill arrow, garas reed, arrow) ; SpSco to wet, water, 
 drink, irrigate; <ipSt<.6<; watering-place, pool; dpEGw to water; 'AplOoura 
 sacred fountain-n3miph; «pSa mire; dpSaXdw to defile; fpuSid?, IpwSid? 
 heron (swamp-bird; rud) ; /OpOfa, BwBpfa Artemis as natura natwans, 
 survival of fittest; fdp66i; [well-grown], upright, straight, prosperous; 
 
 (melts with p. 113). Lat. radix root; arduus high, steep; ardeo 
 
 toflashup.beeager, passionate, bum {vardh, to burst out); ardea heron; 
 
 Ardea heron's nest in marshes; ordo row [of vines, plants]. Goth. 
 
 vaurts root; O. H. G. wurzd, wurzala root; wurz, wirz herb, seasoning; 
 A. S. vyrt herb, wort; vridian to sprout, grow; fortcdh [liveliness], snort- 
 ing; vord word (bursting forth) ; ford end, point; veredheer; (sprouting 
 
— 203 — 
 
 malt); Vyrd = fOgbia, survival of fittest, fate, death; vyrdan to slay; 
 O. N. rdi root; urdh[loity]cliS; Urdhr = Vyrd; svordhr sprouting grass, 
 greensward, hair; sverd sword (cf. blade; ford) 0. Ger. Suardoi-%s 
 
 swordsmen; cf. 5aa;ow^5 = short-swords. 0. R. frodu birth; rasti to 
 
 grow, thrive; R. rost height, stature, interest on money (foenus, p. 38) ; 
 
 radovat to rejoice (riddhis) ; reidka radish. Ir. fled feast, abundance, 
 
 satiety; ^at7/i beer, milk ;_^aM(i blood (sap, life) ; red; [fredm], f rem roott 
 otrd arrow-point ; &rd high; W. ard high; O. W. gwallawiad profusion- 
 Corn, valtovat fertility (Z. 1073); Bret, [grouiend], grouien root; Ir. 
 ford-lach thumb (sprout) ; Ir. fdrd, W. gord, Com. ord, Bret, hird, orz 
 sledge-hammer, (mighty; bursting; cf. ardeo; sword; vardh); W. 
 orddwy, gorddwy violence, oppression; W. hwrdd, Com horth ram; 
 O. C. Arda, Ard-venna (high-himting-ground, Ardennes) ; Ordovices. 
 
 Sk. va (vamt) to breathe, blow, veer, pant after, desire; vayus 
 vatas wind; sva- [breath, source of emotion], inner self; svas one's own; 
 vayas [wind, force], bird, youth; vayasyas [eager] friend; vl (vemi) to 
 [pant after] seek, attain, approach, desire, love, [protect, robe]; vay 
 to go [toward]; vevi to seek, desire, beget, eat, [feed], fill, [desire prey], 
 shoot; vyay[svyay, aefw, ceuu] to shoot, hurl, dash out, pour, toss round, 
 be generous, spend ; vi- [emptied], destitute, without ; vai to be [emptied], 
 dried; [svay, aeia], su to whirl, move, go; su {sunomi) to pour out; 
 su (suve, suye),sush,gush to beget, give birth; su(^savami) to give birth; 
 sutas, sunus son; su- beneficent, good; (vi {gugava, p. p. gunas), to [be 
 pregnant], to fill out, swell, roimd; gunyas [parturition, poured out], 
 empty (xsvsi?) ; gon to [pour out blood], be red; gush to be dry; gish- 
 tas left over; si^ to pour, wet; hu to pour libation, sacrifice; hd to 
 [pour out], drain, exhaust, loose, deprive, forsake (/ew) ; khav to be 
 bathed, purified, happy; sev to beget, enjoy, suffer, effect, do, sacrifice, 
 worship; seek festival, crowd; vyay to hurl, whirl; vyath to whirl, be 
 whirled; vyadh to shoot, kill; vye (vitas) to whirl round, wrap, cover, 
 clothe; ily to spin, weave, sew; w to weave, sew; siv (p. p. [svyutas], 
 syutas) to sew; si {sinomi) to bind; ves to go rotmd; vesht to robe; 
 vyus, byus, bus to [turn, turn aside, turn away], leave ; savyas left hand; 
 sdyas evening (revolution, sun's departure) ; vyay to hurl ; vyap to 
 [shoot], destroy; vep to [hurl, brandish], qtiiver; vap to [whirl], hurl, 
 sprinkle, sow, cast dice, [toss to and fro], weave; svap to [coil up], lie 
 down, sleep, die, kill;kship, [kshvap], kshap to throw roimd, hurl down; 
 kshubh to be whirled, confused; [kvapis], kapis incense (cf. xaxviS?, 
 vapor) ; kamp to whirl round, tremble; kshamp to flash out, be strong; 
 Mamp, ^hamp, khamb, gam, ghamb, hamm to move round, move, go; 
 
— 204 — 
 
 gaphas horse-hoof; [gvahhr], vabhr, babhr to roam about, wander; 
 babhrus [whirling], flashing, radiant, ruddy (rutilans, vibrans) ; evabhr to 
 [whirl], bore ; pvabhram pit, cave ; gubhras radiant, brilliant ; gubh,gumbk 
 to shine, adorn ; glbh to boast ; sibh, simbh, subh, sumbh to shoot, flash, 
 wound, kill; kambalas wrap, blanket; [gvyambas], vimbas disk, globe; 
 {svamb], samb, gamb to move round, wrap, bind; sam to revolve, 
 whirl, be troubled; sam, [gam, ksham, cf. ^uv] (meeting ends of hoop) 
 united, with; samas (opposite ends of hoop) [opposite, parallel], like; 
 samd circling year; sdmyam time, reciprocity, equality, bargain; 
 sdmi [reciprocity], half; sdman [embrace], caress, kindness, propitia- 
 tion, hymn; gam (caus.) to soothe, control, [give quietus], kill, destroy; 
 glance round, observe; sdm, sdniv, gdntv to comfort, soothe, caress, 
 flatter; ksham to [embrace], hold fast, endure, be patient, gentle; to 
 pardon ; kshamas patient, strong, fit, suitable ; ksham, kshamd the earth; 
 patience, endurance; [gvdmas], vdmas beautiful; vdmas left-hand 
 (patient; helper) ; [gvam], vam to [hurl], eject, vomit. 
 
 Sk. vd to breathe, blow ; caus. and intens. forms vanh, banh,vaksh to 
 [puff up, swell], round out, grow; vakshas inflated breast; vangas 
 [rising, vocal] reed; [swelling, spreading] clan; vakras rounded, curved; 
 vankasnver'hend;vankrisnh;vank,vankh,vang,vakk,vashk,vask,svang, 
 svag, gvang to go rotmd, roam, wobble, totter {vagor, vacillo, schwingen, 
 schwanken, wanken) ; vash, vast to [roam], ravage, kill (vasiari) ; svan^to 
 embrace, bind, [choke, throttle], (09(77(0, schweigen); vah to blow, 
 breathe, [pant, make an effort], speed, carry, carry off, marry, sail, 
 flow; vdg, vak to [pant], utter, shout, speak; vag, vas to [pant after], 
 desire, love, choose, dwell, kindle hearth, make home, be fat, rich; 
 [waM5], van to love, choose; vdnksh to desire; uksh to beget, sprinkle; 
 ush to [blow, kindle], bum. 
 
 Sk. vd to blow; vyay, [svyay, sdiv] to veer, eddy, htu-1 (saevus); 
 [vydi, svydi, gvydi], go (gydmi) to [whirl], whet, sharpen, perfect; ft 
 to sharpen, goad, incite, speed (xfu) ; kshi to stab, shoot, kill (welm, 
 ^alvu) ; kshi to [be eager, pounce], take possession, settle (xxfl^w, nt^iia; 
 cf. sad) ; gt (p. p. gayetas) to lie down, sleep (xEfjiat; cf. jaceo) ; giksh to 
 [be keen], leam;fwg/jtobe keen, scent; sinhas lion ;vd, pyos to breathe; 
 gvas, gans to pant after, desire, pray, praise, speak (censed) ; (ds to 
 command; ganst to breathe deep, sleep; gaiis, gals to utter, speak; 
 gank to [pant], quiver, fear, dread; gag to [pant for, poimce for], leap; 
 gas, gash, kag, kash, Hash, ^ash, khash to kill; to devour; gdkh to grip, 
 embrace, seize, take possession, fill; gak to be strong; gans to pant 
 after ; hansas goose (wide-mouth) ; hanus open jaw (xdm) ; hve to 
 
— 205 — 
 
 cry; hnu to snap; han to pounce, kill; kshan to bite, wound, kill; 
 khan to claw; khand, kand, khad, khid to tear, destroy, devour, cleave; 
 skand to pounce, leap; ^and to rage; ^and to flash out, shine; khdd 
 to devour; khid to harm; khit to terrify. 
 
 Sk. vye (p. p. vitas) to wrap, cover; vat to surround; bind, twine; 
 vand to wrap, clothe ; vyay to toss round, be lavish; vitt to be generous; 
 vand,vant to pass round, distribute ; vad to issue orders [to surrounders], 
 command, cheer on, shout, speak; vand to [chant, sing in circle], 
 praise, adore; to bow down; vid to shout; vit to sound; vyay to hurl 
 round; vyaih, vddh to whirl, drive round, confuse, torment; vyadh to 
 shoot, wound; vadh to strike, kill; vid to [glance round, take aim], see, 
 discover, find, [find fields], settle, dwell; vidhus [revolving] moon; 
 vidhas [recurring] nature, race, kind, character; [vand, vad to eddy, 
 whirl]; ud, und to be wet; vad, bad to bathe; [gvadh], giAdh, gundh to be 
 purified; guth, gunth, gvath, gvanth, gath, gvat.svath to melt away, dry, be 
 sick, lazy, helpless, lame, languishing; gISut, gkyut, ^yut, kut to dash 
 out, pour, flow ; gat, gath, gad to [pour forth] praise ; svad to be melting, 
 sweet, persuasive ; svid to sweat ; gvind, gvit to be [melting], white-hot, 
 white, glittering; vat, [vath], svath,gath to entangle, cheat, deceive ; to be 
 [wreathed], adorned; vat, vand, bandh, badh, to enclose, hedge, bind; 
 [gvand], gand to roll together, heap up; hund, hud to roU up, gather, be 
 whelmed; gatam hundred; kund to [encircle], guard, keep; kundas 
 round pot; kundalas ring; kundas [coiling] jasmine; kut to be curved; 
 gkut kut to dash out; khdd to hurl; kuis to spurn, cast away; kud to 
 hurl, drive, speed ; skund to leap, heave. 
 
 Sk. va \vava, ava, av, a\ to blow, eddy, circle, pant after, desire, be 
 keen, watchful, intense; to own; l/au to [circle, enclose, fold], to guard 
 sheep, be shepherd, watchful, intent, eager, just ; to call, listen, protect, 
 favor; to circle, roam, fly about; to envelop, robe; [to curve, 
 turn] away, down, behind; to [circle], repeat, renew; time, life, 
 eternity. 
 
 Sk. av to guard, watch, [be eager, desirous]; auoj favor, satisfaction; 
 avis favorable, devoted; ava-saras opportunity (watching the current, 
 
 sru); ava-sanam [desired] resting-place, death {sd). Zd. av to pay 
 
 attention, protect. Gk. iftii> to perceive, hear, listen; ai<jedvo;i,at, 
 
 aYoBoiJiat to observe, learn (cf . aw to breathe, df 158(0 to expire) ; Ixatu 
 to understand; dtira? favorite; afilu to enquire, seek after, demand; 
 ahia. demand, impeachment, accusation, cause, opportunity (watched 
 for); Si-ai-cio) [to feed a flock diUgently], to observe a regimen. 
 
— 206 — 
 
 diet; dt/dew to be eager, impetuous, mad, reckless; to violate divine right; 
 to be mighty; [causative] to infatuate, drive mad, curse (used of gods, 
 dreams, wine; includes the idea of whirling, confusing); [d/iTi)], 
 Sti], Aeol. auaxa bewilderment, infatuation, judicial blindness; axiojiai 
 to be wretched; dcT^oGaXo? presumptuous, wicked (I(j6X6(; = really, 
 very) ; "Atu? frenzied; aw to [be eager, devour], take one's fill, satiate; 
 [■qf], i5? pray? please say! Ix-iQs-Tavds extending to all desire, abundant. 
 
 Lat. aveo to desire; avidus eager; avdrus miserly; aurum gold" 
 
 [ausis], auris ear (intent) ; audio to hear (denom. from avidus) ; oh-oedio 
 
 to hearken, obey; avena [lively-fodder], oats (cf. hafri). A.S. edvan, 
 
 edvan, yvan to [cause to see], show, reveal, appear, prove; Goth. 
 us-aivyan to [pant], toil; avi-liud thanksgiving; aiths, O.H.G. eidcnrse 
 
 oath ; (ktiq) . R. yavit, yavlyat to show clearly, prove ; yavnii evident, 
 
 visible, proven. Ir. eitsim to listen, learn; con-n-oi he who keeps; 
 
 ar-n-eut so I expect (Z. 428); did heed, care; 6eth oath; cJiiw [eager] 
 youth; da [passionate] liver; W. ewyllis, Bret, eouel desire, will (m, 
 volo, will); Ir. [dfil], dil agreeable; aille praise, reward, favor; dilim 
 to entreat; W. ewi to listen; Com. oim to hear; oitset, oitus youth 
 (eager, listening); O.C. Avilius. 
 
 Same root. Gk. oS? ear, Hom. plu. [d/axa, mocza], ou'aTa. Lat. 
 
 [ausis], auris; aus-culto to listen. Goth auso, O.H.G. ord; A.S. eare. 
 
 Lith. ausis, O.R. ukho (gen. ushese). Ir. au, d ear. 
 
 Sk. avis, avikas sheep (folded, guarded) ; avyas ovine. Gk. [d/i;], 
 
 ote, 0?? sheep; [i/uXr)] auXn^, aiXi?, auXtov sheep-fold, farm-yard, 
 court-yard, farmhouse (cf . Hof) ; auXt'I^of^iat to watch sheep, camp 
 out; auXdq shepherd's pipe, pipe, water-pipe; a5Xa^ runnel, furrow, 
 aqueduct? auXwv glen, brook, aqueduct, channel, strait; m-jih; 
 shepherd (also goat-herd, a'i^); aJ-yuxtoq Lammergeier, bird of prey; 
 
 O'liTT) sheep-mountain. Lat. ovis sheep; avilius \a.Tdb, ovlle sheep-fold; 
 
 aula fold, farm-yard, hall; avena shepherd's pipe; [sheep-food], oats 
 {ven to yearn) ; Aventinus fold, enclosure, ring-wall (cf. Pales, Pah- 
 
 tinus); o-pilio shepherd (a'lxoXo?) . Goth, avistr fold; avHhi flock; 
 
 O.H.G. auwi ewe-lamb ; Low Germ. Aulamm. Lith, avis sheep ; avivm 
 
 wether; O.R. ovitza sheep ; R. oven ram; oves oats; ov-Mar shepherd. — ■ 
 Jr. di sheep; O.C. [awwf watchful, guardian]; Aventia justice; Aventi- 
 cum seat of law; W. eunt just; O.C. Avenio, Aventicum, Oviactts, 
 Ovio-rix, Ovius. 
 
 Sk. av to guard, protect. Lat. avus grandfather. Goth, aw 
 
 grandmother. Lith. avynas uncle. Ir. due, ua, u, 0' grandson 
 
— 207 — 
 
 [guarded, lamb]; W. ewythr, Corn, euitor, Bret, eontr uncle (cf. eunt 
 just); Bret, ekehet watchful; tadieu grandfather; 0. C. Obavus; 
 Obana guardian goddess ; -ava, -avum, [Ova], Oba walled town (cf . 
 aBXtov fold). 
 
 Sk. vd [vava, ava, av to be eager, pant after], blow, breathe; to 
 guard, be anxious, love, call, [warn]; avis [with warning], plainly, 
 
 openly. Gk. [otfuu], atiw to call, shout; duti] war-cry; (JtiiTew to 
 
 shout, pray, vow; (w/i^ shout, blast, clang; !u, suot shout of Bacchanals; 
 li., l-fi voice; 'Iiq'io? Apollo; av-ew in silence (dtv- negative); IvetS?, IvveiSi; 
 
 dumb (attr. by vs6q child). Lat. ave\ hail! ovare to shout for joy, 
 
 triumph ; ovdtus cry of joy ; voveo to vow. Goth, av-iliud thanksgiving ; 
 
 O.H.G. uwila owl. R. ydvit to publish, declare; [av-arat], oral to 
 
 shout, roar. Ir. oal mouth ; oar voice, cry, Druidical incantation. 
 
 Sk. vd to blow, go, enjoy; av to be watchful, [eager, intent]; vdyus 
 wind ; vdyasas raven ; vayas strength, youth, bird ; [vd, ava, av to veer, 
 revolve, roam, soar]; evas (yd intens.) roving, .course, road, way, 
 custom; [a]vis [eager, soaring], bird; vayas birds; [yavyatis], viyatis 
 
 bird; viyat air; vay, vi to go, seek, attain, desire, love. Zd. [a]ui 
 
 bird. Gk. [dfto[i.o«],o'io[j.«t to revolve in mind, reflect, bode, think; 
 
 oJwvdq vulture, eagle, bird of augury; [yafyz-z^q], at^sird? (Hesych.), 
 aUtds eagle; fYov violet, snow-drop, iris; 71a flowers (Hesych.; lovely, 
 
 yearning). ^Lat. avis bird; [avi-runcum], urruncum "bird's pick," 
 
 last grains in ear; Aurunca (augural name) ; vitreus glassy, blue (viyat); 
 vis (plu. [vises], vires) force, strength; [vionla], viola violet, spring 
 
 flower (Ital. violella cyclamen). Goth, aiviskon to [turn back, fly, 
 
 flee], act shamefully; O.H.G. awa river, (winding, eddying). Bret. 
 
 [ouv], ouf bay, creek; oufein to plunge, dive; of, of en trough, tub; O.C. 
 Avo river; Ausava (pref. uisce); Aus-oba, Osson-oba, Ob-oca, Av-oca, 
 Av-ara, [Auv-ona], Aufona, Tuer-obius, Tues-obius rivers and estu- 
 aries; Obi- f one "happy harbor," goddess of ports with votive 
 inscriptions. 
 
 Sk. auto circle, globe. Gk. (S-Sijuitw to be angry (dvish) ; (S-XdxTuto 
 
 peel; <p6v egg (u^sov Hesych.) ; yov, uxsp-epov above the vault or dome; 
 second story; ^a, oa hem, border, sheep-skin wrap; oov sorb (globe cf. 
 
 arbutus, orbis) ; ['(if «], (i^a tribe (circle, Kreis) . Lat. ovum egg ; omentum 
 
 membrane of intestines. O.H.G. ei plu. eygir, developing guttural 
 
 from digamma (but cf. p. 3). Ir. og. Com. uy egg. 
 
 Sk. ava [curving] down, away; [a]vi away, from, without, separate; 
 
— 208 — 
 
 va [separate], or. Gk. [iQ/e], t) or; a5, a3Ts, auBi? back, again, anew, 
 
 behind, in turn, indeed; au-td? himself (distinct, separate) ; aiitdp then, 
 
 again; ou [away, without], not, no; oux not; i^uxe just as. Lat. 
 
 [avat], aui or; autem however; [d\ve,-^e or. Ir. 6, Ha [away] from; 
 
 fa, bdoT;fo under (ava). 
 
 Sk. avaras (comparative degree of last) [circling, following, of. 
 felbe, follow], below, behind, last; avaras the farther bank; [avran], 
 
 arvan low, lowly. Gk. oupi tail; oupt'axo? end, oar-handle (l^^w); 
 
 oupo?, au'pa, following, favoring wind, secundus; au'piov to-morrow; 
 Eupos fair wind home, (east), from the Archipelago; IlaXiv-oupo; 
 "happy return"; [KaXafpia], KaX-aupfa port-island of Troezen; 
 KaX-a^pta [with fair wind] from Illyria; Kevc-aupog "goad-behind," 
 wind chasing clouds (Lapithae) ; Qri<s-aup6<; "store-behind," store- 
 room behind hut (Sk. ni-dhis) ; cf. penus, penes, penetralia. Lat. 
 
 termination Mrws = following, future, object of pursuit, desire; ventums; 
 esurio; [avara}, ora [farther] shore; cad-aver [fallen on its back], carcase. 
 
 Lith. oras wind, storm, air. Ir. ar, or, 6ir, liair in consequence, 
 
 therefore; ur negative prefix (backward); tir-garim to forbid; Com. 
 auorou to-morrow (a3ptov) . 
 
 Sk. [av to circle, cycle; yav intensive]; evas roaming, course, custom; 
 eva hitherto, thus, surely, now, only (recurring one by one) ; iva [in 
 
 the same track], as, like ; [ai;3/as],a>'M5 age, time of life. Zd. oei/athus, 
 
 hitherto, indeed, [this] one; dyu life-time. Gk. aiciv life-time, age; 
 
 aJI;, aiEV, dst, ever, always; dtSto? eternal (vidhas); "Hto; Apollo 
 (circling, eternal) ; tqiwv (Dor. aiwv) [curving] shore (cf. litus, litms, 
 
 lut to whirl). Lat. aevum time; aevitas, aetas age; aeternus eternal 
 
 (p. 1 1 6). Goth, aivs time, age; aiv ever; aiveins eternal; 0. H. G, 
 
 eiva law, contract, marriage {evas) ; A. S. afer ever; 0. N. aefi, life; aejat 
 
 greatly, ever so much. Ir. dis, des, 6is time, age; des, 6es generation, 
 
 people ; W. 6et life-time ; ois, oes, Corn, huis age ; Bret, ded age, time, 
 life; ouz inhabitants (Z. 738); euez also; W. yw, ywen, Bret, ivinnm, 
 Ft. if, yew-tree (long-lived) ; O. C. Aevillius, Aeveius, Evocatus, 
 Evoiorix, Evolengus, Evi-randus (eternal portion, Enguerrand); 
 Ivitius, Ivinus; {Ives, Ivins, Evans; melt with loannes); Ivicattus. 
 
 Sk. eva only, thus, hitherto ; [evna], eva, this ; e-kas one, only. Zd, 
 
 aeva one. Gk. [offoq], olo? alone; olov only; olo; like, such as; 
 
 o£vds, eXq, h, one; oIvt^ unit, ace. 0. Lat. oenos, Lat. um 
 
 one; Unitas unity, Unio onion, pearl (concentric layers); [co-oim], 
 coena supper; common meal. Goth, ains one; ainaha=mic»s, 
 
— 209 — 
 
 only-begotten; A. S. &n, dinn, O. N. einn one. O. Pruss. ains, 
 
 Lith. venas one. Ir. 6en, den one; dentu unity; W., Cor., Bret, un, 
 
 unan, onyn one; Ir. denan anyone; in-on the same one; dende only; 
 denach union, assembly; 0. C. Oenianus. 
 
 Sk. ekas one [eva only + ka and, q.v.] ; -kas diminutive term ; kanakas 
 [little] father ; [^ana^d little mother]. Gk. yuvij woman, Yuv-aixe? in- 
 dividual women. Lat. [un-aicus], umctisonly. Goth, ain-aha only, 
 
 unique; brothr-ahans brethren; un-barn-ahs without a single child; 
 
 bairg-ahei region enclosed by mountains. R. matka little mother; 
 
 female. 
 
 Sk. vd (vdmi) to breathe, pant after, desire, enjoy, love; {vava, ava, 
 av, a to be eager, watchful, intent; to utter); vdtas, vdyus wind, air; 
 vdtis air, wind, sun, moon; vat to blow upon; vayas strength, impetus, 
 
 bird; vdyasas raven; viyat air. Gk. [dt/u], a(o, a&'C.td to blow, breathe; 
 
 So? wind; aeXXa whirlwind {vel to whirl); Stqiai to blow; &-fi-zi](; blast; 
 SiQToi; stormy; aup« cool breeze; (JtioOw to give up the ghost; aiaOdvojiat 
 to be eager, perceive; &-(sQ\i.<x panting, blast; a/sTixa blast of flame; 
 &eT^6v wind; (iuT(jLiQ fiery breath, heat, blast, scent, fragrance; [fxfui], 
 
 iuTEW, iiaai, /l/auw to [breathe deep], sleep. Lat. ventus wind; vene- 
 
 tus blue [sky] (clearing wind, cf . A. S. bldvan, bled) ; Ventidius impetu- 
 ous; vo-veo to utter vow; [va-vannus], vannus winnowing-shovel. 
 
 Goth, vaian to blow; vinds wind; vintrus -winter; vinthyan to winnow; 
 vothis sweet odor; O. N. vedhr air, wind, tempest, weather; vedhr 
 
 (Goth, vithrus) a winterling ram; a wether (lamb-like). Lith. 
 
 veyas wind; or as air, storm; O. R. veiati to blow; R. veiter wind; 
 vei.reniy whirling, capricious; veyat to blow, winnow; vedro clear sky, 
 
 fair weather; von odor. Ir. feth air, calm (viyat) ; [do-in-feth], iin-feih 
 
 breath; faihach blast, storm; fathach [tempest, winter], giant; fed 
 a chirp, whistle; feddn fife; fedil [long-winded], enduring; foaim to 
 sleep (JatJu); feiss sleep; W. gwynt wind; awel, Com. auhel, Bret. 
 auel wind, air (oesXXa); Bret, guentein to winnow; oevr, hjr, hhr at- 
 mosphere, heaven; vatein, fatein to [pant], be exhausted, faint; O. C. 
 Ventius god of storm and war; [Av-venio], Avenio "ventosa." 
 
 Sk. vd to blow, veer; vyay to dash round, hurl, shoot, spend; vyush, 
 byus to [dash away], leave; [svayas], sdya5 [returning] evening; savyas 
 left hand; savyetaras right hand (p. 15); [savalas], gavalas varying, 
 changeable; sev to [whirl], crowd together, be eager, perceive, effect. 
 
 Zd. havya left hand. Gk. axatd? left hand (implies forms 
 
 [(avyas, kshavyas], cf. gavalas); [a/Aifa?], A'ia? (AVavto?) the whirl- 
 
— 210 — 
 
 wind, destructive, mad, scathed by lightning; son of TsXdiJiwv (endur- 
 ance, sultry calm), or a/O/tXeij? (whirl, vortex); redup. a/Trjo/acoroi; 
 (or (J/T) +bhas), "Ufmaioq lightning, hurled from heaven, crooked, 
 limping, spilling nectar {soma, rain), greeted by the laughter of the 
 gods (peaHng thunder) ; lord of fire; husband of rain-cloud; 6\).'oioq of 
 
 the same turn, fashion; olo? such as, like. Lat. scaevus left hand; 
 
 Scaevola; saevus fierce, [wild-wind] ; Fe-joww averted, sinister god; ve-cors, 
 
 ve-sanus mad; Vesevus Vesuvius; sevum [seething] tallow. Goth. 
 
 saivala, A. S. sdvel soul (panting, boiling, bubbling) ; A. S. se[ol seal 
 [panting, blowing]; Goth, saivs, A. S. sae, sSo (gen. sSve) circling ocean, 
 sea; Goth; vai-dedya malefactor; O. N. 6-dadh misdeed; Low Ger. 
 scheef, High Ger. scheib oblique ; Ger. Scheibe revolving disk, ptdley, 
 
 sheave; scheivern to whirl, destroy, tremble, shiver. R. seiver north 
 
 (left-hand, opposed to dakshinas right-hand, south; or fierce); 0. R. 
 shuy left-hand; Slov. shevi oblique, twisted; R. shevelit to shake, stir; 
 
 sheya [twisting] neck; sheika neck, tail; shibkii swift. Ir. {siavrae], 
 
 siabrae demon; siabrad demoniac fierceness; siabur storm-cloud, 
 chariot of Cucullin(cf. gvabhr to whirl, bore) ; Bret, biezein to twist, 
 turn aside, bias (byus) ; beziti [whirled], dizzy, stupid; beskel turn, corner; 
 0. C. Saevates, Saevonius, Seivola; Sevira river. 
 
 Sk. va, [^sva\ to blow, breathe, eddy; sva- self, centre of exist- 
 ence; svayam self; svas one's own [s^as ye. Zd. hva, [fa], qa his; 0, 
 
 Pers. huwa self. Gk. [af]o5 = Lat. sui, of him; ol to him, sibi; [sff, 
 
 afk him, se (<p = f as in a^fffd)) ; aipd?, a/d?, o?. Id? his, hers; ufsi? 
 they; uife them; sfoq, aipeTepoi; their own (term, itaras other, another 
 as in savyetaras right-hand, p. 15); [(jf]"SiO(; (fiSio? in inscriptions) 
 one's own, personal (attracted by vidhas nature, character, q. v.); 
 
 [(jf]o(jtos the god's own; nature's right; holy, licit, right. Lat. sui, 
 
 sibi, se, sese (all singular and plural) ; suus his, theirs ; \s'^os ye (your- 
 selves) ; vester your own ; Suessa possession, settlement ; sed (abl. of 
 separation) [by itself, alone, without], but; se-cemo to set by itself, 
 separate ; se\v'\orsum turned away, by itself, apart ; sed-itio going apart, 
 
 sedition; [sva], so-cors senseless. Goth, svis one's own; sik self; 
 
 sva-sve [one's own way], so as; sva so; sve as; svikns [self -reserved, 
 
 dcrio?], pure; [sviyum], siyum to exist? izvisye. Lith. savasis=suii5; 
 
 saven = se; 0. R. sen = se; sebei = sibi; svo, svoy=suus; R. [swi], # 
 
 apart, alone, without. Ir. sHi (plu. siiide) sage, druid; ipse dixit 
 
 (cf. KStoq) ; [sveisne], feisne, fein, self; feb ( = sibi, for one's self) honor, 
 rank, distinction; febtu idiosyncrasy, quality; fessin, fadessin, fadh^ 
 self (TStoi;; a/ad) •,fa-ni-sin we ourselves ; sfib ye ; W. [svi\, chwi, chwichwi; 
 Com. why, Bret, hui, chut ye. 
 
— 211 — 
 
 Sk. [sva], sa, sas he; sa she. Gk. article 6, i^ he, she, the. 0. 
 
 Lat. ace. sum, sam he, she. Goth, sa he; sS she; si they; sah this; 
 
 saei whosoever. R. on he? ona she; eya hers; e^ her. Ir. so, 
 
 sin=hic, haec, hoc; sund here; sUt that, yonder. 
 
 Sk. z^j^aj', [5^703/] to hurl, whirl, dash, be lavish, toss round; su 
 to move, go; sii (suvami) to incite; sev to whirl, be eager, crowd; so 
 
 (syami) to dash, destroy. Gk.[(jf e/ u], ae6(a (eaasua, lasiiisvo?) to shoot, 
 
 gush, dart, speed, desire; [afo/Ew], (jo^lu to whirl, drive, push about, 
 be eager, brag, brandish, scare birds ; oo^iiq, uoft? capricious ; a dance ; 
 0(5^K) horse's tail, crest; alau^oq tassel; aou! shoo! ooO?, muuK; whirling, 
 upward motion; [fflqxS^T] lock of hair, mane, foliage (9 for /) ; [aoafia-zoq], 
 dioTiSs arrow; (rwxpov [whirling] felloe; lacijv queen-bee; [ff/]l(j[i.6? 
 swarm, stream; [ae]-(i(i,'^vos swarm, hive; c/efw to whirl, stir, brandish, 
 shake, sift; oiu, (s-ffiia to shake rotmd, sift, sow; (Jtvidl^w to sift, winnow; 
 [(jfJiQBIo) to strain, sift; (rijoxpov, i^8[i.(5s sieve, colander; [afivwt^i], 
 a^lvvuii,'. to [dash water], quench, drain, dry up, exhaust; otq? (plu. 
 aef es) moth (circling, fluttering) ; (n)(ia(j,(s sesame (sprinkled like 
 caraway; sam to whirl); [af lo'ila^ helm, rudder (dashing); AVaxo? 
 steersman, Wil-helm; [(r/]"Hr]9ai!jToq lightning (p. 210) ; dijoupo? light as 
 air (p. 151); (iiQOuXoq, ctYauXo? fickle, wicked; o'lau (future) to swing 
 up, lift, poise on head, bear; o'(;o(xai to revolve in mind, reflect; a/aiiviov 
 javelin; aafvo) to wag the tail, fawn; <n][ji.afv(i) to beckon, wave the 
 hand, give the signal, signify; trq^xa meteor, warning, token, sign; 
 
 /£?, feU XEV, ^alxav if. Lat. [ex-stw], extto to strip off; ex-uviae 
 
 spoils, hide; [sfeso], sero (p. p. satus, cf. odw) to scatter, sow; 
 [Sveius], Seius, Sejanus lithe, active, lucky; {svessus], esus, erus, herus 
 [leader of migration]; master (IffoiQv); era (esa inscriptions) mistress; 
 Suessa, Sfinuessa colony, migration; sannio to [wag], wheedle, flatter; 
 [sfino, sinfo], sinuo to whirl, coil, curve, fold; sin-ister cnrved, twisted 
 the other way; the wrong turn; left hand; sine [turned away from], 
 separated, without; sino (perf. sivi) to [turn aside, leave room], yield, 
 
 suffer, permit (cf . vyush; k&ui) ; si,sin if, or if (conceding) . Goth, saian, 
 
 A. S. sdvan, O. H. G. sdan, sdwan, sdhan (h from digamma) to sow; 
 A. S. sedn, O. N. sid; Goth, [saivvan], saihvan to [glance round], see 
 (h from f as in sdhan) ; Goth, saivs [tossing] sea; O. N. sid to sift; sion 
 face, eyes (turning, vultus); sSa to sweep away; sveii roving troop; 
 sveima to rove; Svtar Swedes; sveit [roving] troop; region; sveinn 
 (A. S. svdn) lad, boy, shepherd, steersman, swain (agile, lithe, turning) ; 
 
 svanr swan (lithe-neck) ; O. G. Suevi; Suiones. R. voiii to go round, 
 
 wander, be busy; voit collector, steward; voisko army; [sfeina], voina 
 war; voinenii warrior; svivat to whirl around, wrap, twist; vitat to 
 
— 212 — 
 
 circle, soar; vityaz warrior. Ir. sdim (inf. sofod) to twist, turn, 
 
 whirl, change; Sfeol, sedl sail, bed; fiian veil, wrap; fenamain osier, 
 wattle ifen [wattled] cart ; basket-wagon ;/jtamOT echo, returning sound; 
 fuin, fuined sunset (revolution); fuineta western; sam-fuin summer- 
 end. All Saints; fuinnema swiftly whirling ; /Mwm to bake (twists, 
 rolls; boul- anger); [s fin], sin storm-wind; chain, collar; sinnach fox 
 (doubling); siianem rope; sennim to whirl, drive; to twist, stretch; 
 fiann army (roving) ; finnaim to discover; fian hero; ^w^ [roving] clan; 
 Fene the ancient Irish {Ven-icnii, Ven-icontes, melting with van to 
 choose, love) ; fennaim to strip, &ay;fuins-eog (W. fonen. Com. onenn, 
 Bret, ounnen) ash-tree (pliant, tough wood) ; saithe a crowd, swarm of 
 bees; Bret. gu6n flexible; saiiein, seiiel to whirl up, hft; to turn, revolt; 
 seul straw, thatch; houe, huan whirling dust; sail sun-rise; starting up, 
 lifting up, making; O. C. Soio[n], goddess; Soiana, Soinius, Sinnius; 
 Saina, Sena, Senona rivers (whirling, driving, winding?); Sveius 
 nimble, lucky (cognomina Repentinus, Fortunatus, Jucundus) ;co-vinnw 
 basket-wagon (fen) . 
 
 Sk.vyay, [svyay], to dash, hurl ; vyus,[svyus] to dash out, be bountiful, 
 fruit; su (sunomi) to pour out, make libation of rain-medicine, [irrigate, 
 feed, be bountiful]; su {saumi, p. p. sutas) to pour out, make libation, 
 squeeze out, generate; sunas, gunyas empty; su (suvdmi), g5 {(yami),{i 
 {(igite) to excite, incite, sharpen; givds hitting mark, direct, fortunate; 
 Qivas Siva the sun, creating and scorching; sU (save, suye-p.^. sutas, 
 sUnas) , sush, gush to beget , gender ; suh to be glad, strong ; {sva}i\, sah to 
 be strong, enduring, gracious ; gish to leave [after pouring], to reserve, 
 prefer; gush to drain, dry; gushmas clearing weather, sun, fire, wind, 
 splendor, force of nature {Y.6aixoq); guM to shine, be splendid; gushkas 
 drained, dry; guMis pure, white, planet Venus; sH^ to reveal; kugto 
 shine ; guH to [pour out], weep ; glk, sik to moisten, wet, touch; sil 
 to water; sekas sprinkling, begetting; sukhas joyful; pleasure, volup- 
 tuousness; [gu], hu to pour libation, sacrifice, offer; ha to pour, drain, 
 exhaust, leave over, desert; khav to be purified, strong, happy; kham 
 air, sky; Meu to worship ; gavas, gdvas water, body, whelp; fj-fM5 whelp; 
 (^ivas generator, creator; gvi to [be pregnant], swell ;/jw to [dash out], 
 utter voice, call, be eager Qiinnio) ; su- abimdant, pleasant, good; 
 5M-arfMs well-being (sisoTtj). 
 
 Sk. su, sH to pour out, generate; somas rain and generation medi- 
 cine, mystic force, juice of the root of the asclepiades acida ; sumam milk, 
 water, atmosphere ; soman moon (Circe) ; sutas, sunus offspring, son; 
 savitri sun (generator) ; [sM/n], stri female. Zd. hu to make soma; 
 
— 213 — 
 
 hunu son. Gk. Bo to rain; ietdq rain; fi-cJx-ivOoi; hyacinth, iris (lift- 
 ing spike after spring rain) ; iiaXo<; [hardened water, ice], crystal, glass 
 (cf. xpiicTaXXo?) ; 'YiSsq rain-stars, bringing rain after summer drought; 
 <su%ov [swelling, juicy], fig, [cofufo)], dicufu to beget; (juxo? strong 
 (of Hermes, light-giver); awiAo: the animal body (creation); Mq son; 
 uiwvdq grandson (van affection) ; 6ii,i^v caul of womb, maiden-head; 
 Bvvo?, /'twoq, yfyvo? foal, pony, mule; [oiivt?], Ivtq son, daughter; 
 {v6(i) to make strong, to nerve; biov tendon; 'Iz (Mq) force, nerve; 
 [af ]a!ov(4(i) to moisten, bedew, foment ; "Iva^o? (flooding, creating) a river; 
 son of Ocean and founder of Argos; [CTf]aI(/.a blood; laivca to melt heart, 
 cheer, comfort, warm; [aafo?], aiio?, awo?, owi;well, wholesome, safe, com- 
 fortable;[afo(j:G)Toi;],a(i)i:o(; fairest, best; Saw nereid; otoff-cpa doctor's fee; 
 [oaf aw], i^pao) to reach puberty, be vigorous, bloom; ^^r^ puberty, youth; 
 [oafu?], lOs, iqiSs well-bom, noble, good; iu, ei, efi- (as prefix), good, bene- 
 ficial; [savai], eicci, euot, aa§ai bacchanalian shout; <ja^dl,<,i, au^pictl^u 
 to be wanton, mischievous, demoniacal; oa^ax^s lewd, dripping, wet; 
 oa^avov towel; Sa^o?, Sa^dtl^to? Phrygian deity; Bacchus; (ja^ixTif)? 
 goblin (cf. witches' Sabbath); (ju^po? wild boar; ff[a/:]ctvva<; zany; 
 
 [ua/aXo?], (jauXo? wanton. Lat. [savdnus], sanus well, sound; 
 
 sanies blood; sumen groin; suesco to [live, enjoy], be wont; sudum 
 fair weather (cf . Ir.) ; [savulum], sabulum, saburra, sitburra river-drift, 
 gravel, sand; savo, sapo [svap caus.] soft-soap; sapor taste (watering 
 
 mouth) ; savium kiss ; subo to be in a heat ; hinnus ('^vo?) foal, Goth. 
 
 sunus son; sauths sacrifice; saun atonement; sautha origin, cause; 
 svinthei force; sunna (masc. ), sunno (fem.) sun; O. N. sunna sun; sunnr, 
 
 sudhr south; sonr son; A. S. sund, O. H. G. gi-sunt sotmd, healthy. 
 
 Lith. sunus, O. R. ^'\inu son; R. ^v\in son; sushHestvo existence; 
 sut existence; sutki solar day, 24 hours; svatat to seek in marriage; 
 svyatoi holy; sveitlo clear weather; sveit light, creation, the world, 
 
 day; tzveit {(vit) flower; Lith. shveitzlu to shine; sveitas world. Ir. 
 
 suth birth, offspring, weather; suthach, fruitful; sin weather; sine 
 teat (milk giver); sain exceedingly, surpassing, excellent, peculiar; 
 somme abundance, wealth, prosperity (soma) ; so-, stt-good, excellent; 
 sonend, soinean fair weather; sonas prosperity, bliss; [savall], saball, 
 
 saul [abundance], granary. Bret, seim sap, force, strength of wine 
 
 (seim, sh}e) ; sein oil (dripping, quickening) ; O. C. sabaium beer; Savos, 
 Saue, Sabis, Sabatus, Sabrina, Saunium, Subaris, Siberis rivers (melt 
 with ff fec'ti)) ; Sabatinus lacus ; Saviacus, Savellus, Savinidcus, Sauma, 
 Saunus; [Suvara], Sura; Sutta, Suttonius (well-bom) ; Sosius. 
 
 Sk. su (sutas) to pour out, generate; [fu], (ush to generate; fws/t 
 to be emptied, drained, dry; [sut], svath, gvath, pvanth, gath, fat to be 
 
— 214 — 
 
 [bathed, clothed, unclothed], adorned, unadorned, languishing, coaxing 
 flattering, lazy, ill;sutt, sit, (it to [dash away], scorn; gand to languish; 
 gandhas eunuch; ganas [swamp-grewn], hemp; gadas mire, grass; 
 guth, gunth to be lazy, lame, dry; gudh (gudhydmi [forms gvadk, gddh]) 
 to be bathed, cleansed; gundh to cleanse; guddhas clean; gundas dis- 
 tilled liquor; gad to praise. Gk. r.7.%ag&c, pure; xa6a£po) to purify; 
 
 5texaS(JLEV0<;, xsxaatievo? well supplied, excellent; KaaraXia purifier; xdorog 
 aromatic plant, perfiime; Z(i(;-xuv6os very pure, beautiful; xDSo; glory 
 (cf. lautus); xiJSpd? illustrious, noble; KdSpoe; u6Xew to prate, idle; 
 <saQg6<; watery, weak, rotten; xir)Seuo) to care for, tend, marry, lament; 
 
 xrjSo? care, sorrow. Lat. castus pure, chaste; castigo to correct' 
 
 castro to castrate {gandhas); vere-cundia self-respect (p. 192); Cassius 
 
 (cf. Ir) ; sentina bilge-water. O. N. haddr women's hair; hatidhr th 
 
 earth (in poetry; %6a\).o<;) ; heidh clear sky; heidhr cheerful, bright, 
 
 heiter; synd sin; A. S. hcidor glory, beauty. R. Uistit to purify; kudri 
 
 curled hair; tzeidit to drain; 50 -smf water- vessel (cf. situla) ; sueta vanity; 
 seitovat to grieve ; Lith. Mystas, 0. Pruss. skystan pure ; Lith. shudas mire 
 
 (gadas). Mod. Ir. cuidhe pure; caidhe mire; O. Ir. cdid holy; caidch 
 
 fair weather; \do-cad\, tocad luck; cendsa propitiation, grace; cendais 
 gracious; casta, cass with curled, beautiful hair; cas-lechta soft, smooth, 
 shining; W. cudon dove; W. cadr, Com. cazr, Bret, cadr, cazr, km 
 beautiful; O. C. Belatu-cadros, Cadriacus, Cad-ilidcus, Cassius. 
 
 Sk. same roots; su to pour; gitdh to bathe, be luxurious; SDod 
 (svaddmi) to [boil], season, make savory, taste; (svade) to be savory, 
 sweet; svddus, svadaniyas savory, sweet; svddas taste; sudas cook; 
 gadas fresh grass; gad to praise; kshvid to love, [pour out], set free; 
 kshvid to be oily; exude [saliva]; sigh for; snap at; gnash teeth. — 
 Gk. [af]i^SiJS, T]Suti.O(; sweet, fragrant, pleasant; tqSuvu to season, 
 give relish, coax; -^Soi;, igSovi^ relish, pleasure; i^SojJiat to enjoy; SSvov, 
 isSvov wedding gift; ISavo? sweet, fresh; dvSdvw to please; ■^«S 
 delight; 'HoioSo? sweet song; 'HotdvY] sweet love; uSvov truffle; 65vl(i) 
 
 to nourish. Lat. [siiadvis], suavis sweet; suddeo to coax, persuade, 
 
 advise; Suddela eloquence; [sv]odor savor, fragrance; odorari to scent 
 
 (attracted from edo, q. v.). Goth. sMis mUd, agreeable; sutkyan 
 
 to soothe ; 0. N. soetr, A. S. svete, 0. H. G. suazi sweet; 0. N. siodkaio 
 
 seethe ; A. S.svadhrian to be appeased, calmed. R. shutit to be merry 
 
 (cf. svath to be adorned, lazy); kut[v]e scent; kuvstvo perception; «i 
 
 honeycomb; khoteit to desire. Ir. sua[d]bais mild; suaibsech 
 
 gentle; [svant], sant desire; ijia/Mm to stir, season, knead, mold; W. 
 chwaethu to taste; chwant desire; Bret, chwaesa to smell; huidSr hik; 
 0. C. Suadu-rix, Suadulla. 
 
— 215 — 
 
 Sk. kshvid to exude; snap at; gvind, gvit to be [melting], white-hot, 
 white; svid to [melt], sweat; svedas sweat; svedani iron pan; gvath, gath, 
 svath, sath to melt, pine, be sick; gddas mire ; gudras [sweater], low-caste. 
 
 Gk. ISptoq sweat, gum; ISo? sweat, heat; !Sp6w, ?Stw to sweat; 
 
 sISo? heat (Hesych.); cffSiQpo? iron (stone-sweat); 'tSif) sheen. Lat. 
 
 sildo to sweat; sudor sweat; de-slderium eager desire. 0. N. sveita 
 
 sweat; svidhna to bum; A. S. sveodhol smoke, steam; svdt sweat, 
 blood; svidh btiming woe, effort, strength; svedhrian to melt away, 
 diminish; A. S., O. N. hvtt, O. H. G. hwiz white; A. S. hvaeti [white 
 flour], wheat; Goth, svinthei strength; O. H. G. sweiz sweat; sweizyan 
 
 to parch, fry. Lith. svidas polished metal; kaitziu to heat at fire; 
 
 kvetys wheat; R. sveit light. Ir. [sjfeidm intense effort (cf. A. S.); 
 
 feidle endurance; [svith], sith- intensive prefix; [s]idan purified, 
 pure, sincere; sith-fulang temper of steel; sdeth labor, toil, suffering; 
 W. chwys, Bret, huiz sweat; O. C. Suedius. 
 
 Sk. ganas [bathed, water-washed] hemp; kanapas [reed] javelin 
 
 (cf. garas, galdka p. 159). Mod. Pers. kunnap hemp. Gk. xcJvva, 
 
 xav{iv reed ; xdevuxov elder (hollow stalk) ; xctwa^ts hemp. Lat. cannabis 
 
 hemp; canna reed; canistrum basket; cancellum lattice, grating. 
 
 0. H. G. hanf, O. N. hanpr. O. R. konoplya. W. canabauc; 
 
 Bret, kanabek hemp; 0. C. Cannabiaca. 
 
 Sk. same roots; su to pour out, gender, multiply; su-karas litter- 
 maker, swine. Zd. hu swine. Gk. Swo? foal; aO?, 5? (cruds) 
 
 wild-swine, swine; iivts, Swrj plowshare (rooting, digging); S-atva horrid 
 
 swine, hyena (pp. 5, 161). Lat. sus (gen. suis) swine; adj. suinus, 
 
 suillus; [suvulciis], subulcus swine-herd (p. 199). Goth, svein 
 
 swine; 0. H. G. s4 sow. 0. R. sviniya swine. Ir. socc snout, 
 
 plow-share, [hog]; socc-sail sea-hog, cuttle-fish (blackening water); 
 W. huch, hwch. Corn, hoch, Bret, hovich hog; W. swch, Bret, souch 
 beak, snout, plowshare (cf. Sk. potra snout, plowshare) ; O. C. soccus 
 plowshare; Socconius plowman. 
 
 Sk. su (savdmi, saumi p. p. sutas) to water, fertiHze, beget; sev to 
 beget, enjoy, help, serve. — ;;-Gk.^ eu^sv we are filled, have enough of; 
 [ofafatoq], (SaTo? insatiate; Sw (aVsvat, Suat) to take one's fill, satiate; 
 Sdtupoi; generative force of nature; aa-cupwv aphrodisiac; aixoi; {sev) 
 food, com, provisions; attsiiw to feed, fatten; SSiqv one's fill; ilkta to 
 be sated; &Sp6s well fed, well grown, large (cf. svad to boil, season). 
 
 Lat. redup. [sesp], sero (sevi, satus) to sow (melts with aefw p. 
 
 211) ; satum harvest; semen seed, offspring; satio to sate, satisfy; satis 
 
— 216 — 
 
 enough; satur sated; saturo to soak; satura hodge-podge (hedge-poach- 
 ing, all-herbs) ; Sat-urnus winter-rain, reviving nature, winter-solstice 
 (Capricorn with unrolUng horns of plenty, p. 103) ; siiis thirst; situla 
 water-bucket (always dipping); situs over-moisture, mold; sae-culum 
 
 [sowing, crop], generation of mankind (cf. Goth.; -clum p. 167). 
 
 Goth, soth repletion, abundance; ga-sothyan to sate; saths sated; 
 mana-seths human race, the world; O. N. sott sickness (draining life); 
 synda to float, swim; sund water, a sound; synda to [roll in mire] sin 
 
 (cf. Celtic). Lith. sotas replete; sotis repletion; 0. R. ^v\itu sated; 
 
 ^v\iti satiety. Ir. sdith repletion; sathech sated; sdsaim to satisfy; 
 
 sdith vile; Bret, savatein, sautrein to roll in mire, defile; 0. C. Satto, 
 Sattonius (abundant, rich) . 
 
 Sk. same roots; su to pour out, generate; sush, gush to beget; 
 siE, slU, glk to wet, water, pour; (ikaras fine rain, spray; sinhdms 
 mucus; sikata gravel; sekas irrigation; guH to weep; gish to leave 
 [after pouring]; gush to be drained, dried; gushkas dry; gushmas 
 clearing weather, sun, air, wind, splendor, force; gushman fire; gui 
 to shine; gukis pure, white, planet; giksh to [suck, be eager], leam; 
 
 ktig to shine; ^Mf as cast-iron; water; sacred grass. Zd. hik (hinkaiti) 
 
 to wet; hush to dry. Gk. a/axeuw to strain, filter; oixxo? [colander, 
 
 reed-mat], coarse cloth; cauxd? dry; cauxiA<5?, coxvo? [drained], 
 feeble; i<JX^°? ^^Y' withered, weak; icxdq [sap], bodily strength, 
 force; cfi^w (of^u) to boil, bubble, hiss; oExtwis wanton dance; 
 <jt5tua melon, gourd (water-pot) ; ffwxaEvo) to [cast off, vomit], loathe; 
 ffuxvi? abxmdant, much, crowded, populous, frequent; [fflixtxct; mois- 
 ture, blood, juices of body; hy-ixlva to wet, anoint; 'Ixjiaio? Juppiter 
 Pluvius ; '([xpia [wave-washed] decks of Homeric ship ; 'txtepo? [soaked, 
 stained], jaundice (p. 108); lxii>p ichor, blood, animal juices; 'ixvo; 
 track, sole of foot; sole of shoe; footstep (on clay; scent; sinhams; 
 gingh to snuff; sinh lion) ; iyysiti to track; Y.6a^o<; beauty, order, world, 
 ornament (gushmas); x6toivov sieve; [dtico-aucjau], dcipuaau to pour 
 out abundantly; ua^lvov [blood] red; 8axa fire-wood (dry) ; uouaxo? fire- 
 drill; (Tuxov [juicy] fig. Lat. sucus juice; saucius bleeding, wounded 
 
 (cf. Goth, vunds); succinum [resinous] amber; sugo to suck, drain; 
 signum mark on clay, foot-step ; sigillum seal ; soccus clog, wooden sole, 
 
 keeping foot dry; siccus dry. Goth, siggqan (0. H. G. sinhan) to 
 
 [sink in mire], sink, perish; saggqs sinking, sunset; siuks (0. H. G. 
 sioh) sick (saucius; aaxv6q); ga-suqon to season; suqns belly (drain); 
 saiihts disease; sokyan to [follow tracks], seek, long for; M. H. G. sik 
 sieve; sihte wet; silgan, O.N. siuga to suck; O.N. sysliga quick, busy 
 {giksh) ; Eng. to sizzle (afl^u) ; A. S. secg sedge. Lith. sunkiu to stiain; 
 
— 217 — 
 
 ekti to grow wet; sausas drained, dry; 0. R. seknati to flow; siizati 
 o urinate; R. sukhoi dry; sushit to dry; sok sap; suk pine-knot; sosna 
 
 )ine; suslo froth (aJl^a)). Ir. socc snout; plowshare; sescenn bog, 
 
 wamp; seise sedge; seise dry, barren; seccaim to dry, parch, freeze; 
 ■Agim to suck; W. hysp, Com. seigh dry, barren; W. hesgen sedge; 
 hwech, Com. tw/^c, Bret, kuek sweet (5mcm5) ; Bret, hesk se6ige;heskein 
 lespein to dry, exhaust; kousk exhaustion, torpor, calm; cheigein 
 o sink; chugon sap, marrow; chueh, skueh exhausted, weary; 0. C. 
 iuecconius; Seccius, Secco (force); Sesciacus (swamp); Sicera river; 
 Seccanehae njmiphs; Sinquatis god; Sincius, Sinquetus; Siquana, 
 Siquanna, Sequana river (irrigating, life-giving); Singidunum (on 
 Danube) . 
 
 Sk. va to blow, veer; va or (the other turn, alternative); vd -vd 
 iither, or; vyay to whirl, dash round, whirl round, [wrap]; vyath to 
 vhirl, be whirled; vye (p. p. vUas) to wrap, cover, clothe; vd (vaydmi) 
 ,o twist, weave; ve (p. p. utas) to twine, sew, weave, (use withes, make 
 ■ush ropes; stitch skins with sinews; make hurdles, wattles, mats; 
 ise loom); Hy to weave, spin, sew; siv (p. p. [sUytas], syiitas, svitas) 
 .0 sew; si {sinomi, p. p. sitas) to bind; vetas reed; vetasas, rattan; 
 lelras rush (cf. c/oTvoi;) ; vayd twig; vllikd withe, band, ball of twine; 
 lenus bamboo; vyus, byush to hurl away, revolve, dawn, globe fruit. 
 
 Zd. vaSii willow-twig. Gk. fixla, oEaia, oho<; willow, osier; Ytu? 
 
 [Aeol. pjtuq) felloe, hoop, rim; T)Tptov warp of loom; -^Tpov pith of 
 :eed, intestines, abdomen (veiras) ; i^Top solar plexus, animal soul, 
 leart; 'ifTpta twisted cakes, crullers; utij vine; [f^fduo], law, eEu to 
 ;um aside, concede, yield, permit; et, lav [granting, conceding], if; 
 PYJ or [vd]; kx-el conceding, since; Cretan ^ahm = d xev if indeed. 
 
 Lat. [viveo], vieo to twine, twist, braid; vietus shrivelled, withered; 
 
 )lmen osier; vitis vine; vitex centurion's vine-rod; vit-upero to [lash 
 ;he worker], revile (opus); vitus felloe; vitta fillet, band; vito to turn 
 iside, sh.wa.;in-vitus turning away, unwilling; ot^ww pliancy, weakness, 
 iselessness, vice (cereus in vitium flecti) ; vitrus woad (vetras) ; vitrum 
 blue] glass (Egyptian beads; transparency was later); Osc. svai, 
 Lat. si if (melt with sin, p. 211); -^e or; utor to [bind with withe], 
 jmploy, use (cf. A.S. vid with [instrument]) ; uti [of the same bend] as. 
 
 Goth, vithon to whirl, shake; vidan to bind; vindan to twist 
 
 [cf. vyath); vandyan to return, wend; vandus wand, rod; O. H. G. 
 vid cord; wida willow; A. S. vidhdhe willow, ■wit'he;vedd tangle, weeds; 
 ■)dd woad; vidh, vid with (instrument, connection, bond, restraint, 
 
 opposition).' Lith. vyti to twist; vytis wand, hoop; Lett, vitols 
 
 (villow; O. R. vinti twisted; R. veitv branch; u-vyanut to wither; 
 
— 218 — 
 
 utok woof. Ir. fSith fibre, sinew, woodbine; fMhan wattle; fitUs 
 
 curve, bend; fithnaise fascination, sorcery; [f]id wreath, collar, chain' 
 Bret, guiadennein to weave; guiad web; gouiii withered; gwew flexible. 
 
 Sk. same roots; Sk. siv {sivyami p. p. syutas) to sew; syutis sewing; 
 
 syuman seam, band; [svyutram], sutram fibre, cord. Gk. [xaTa-mio], 
 
 xa<j<;uti), jiaTTUu to stitch leather, make shoes, cobble, patch, plot' 
 
 5iaa<ju(xa sole of shoe; xaTtiiq piece of leather. Lat. suo to sew; sutai 
 
 cobbler; siitura seam; [siivula], subula awl. A. S. sivian, seaman, 
 
 Goth, siuyan, O. H. G. simian to sew; O. H. G. stud sewing; soum 
 
 seam; suila awl; A. S. sedm lacing, suture, seam. 0. R. shiyan 
 
 to sew; shilo awl; R. shveya seamstress; shov seam. Ir. [s]fethal 
 
 embroidery, garment, ornament ; fiiagaim, liagim to sew. (Primitive 
 sewing is stitching buckskin with awl and sinew; sineve=sinomi +siv.) 
 
 Sk. same roots; si {sinomi, p.p. sitas) to bind, fetter, make firm; 
 so {sydmi p.p. sitas) to shoot, aim, plan, end, complete, kill (p. 233); 
 vi-so to decide, seek the end, long for; slman boundary; limit; neck- 
 sinew, nape of neck; simantam landmark, parting of hair. Zd. feto 
 
 bound, limited. Gk. [af]t<; (Ivs?) neck-sinew, strength (p. 213); Urn 
 
 tendon of neck, back of head; lii-is (-dtvTos) trace, thong, girdle, rope, 
 foundation-stone (cf. bonding); itiaaaM to lash; ([jiovid well-rope; 
 ilAatiov wrap, garment; [ffftiJLiQ], <rt(Ji.iQ [topknot, crest], end, hilltop, 
 liver-lobe, cornice; ct(ji,6? snub-nosed; (Lat. simia ape); oiiidu to 
 tend upward; 5f(i,(i)[xa bow of ship; Siji-uv [ensnaring, bewitching], 
 
 sorcerer. Lat. sin-ciput back of head (?v£ov); situs [limited], 
 
 position, foundation; sentita [boundary], field-path. 0. Sax. sim, 
 
 0. N. simi bond; A. S. sedmian to be boimd, hobbled, slow {saumeiii; 
 O. H. G. seid cord, harp-string {Saite); senewa, A. S. sineve, O.N, 
 
 sin sinew; Ger. sehnen to [stretch], yearn for. 0. R.5e»iJ string; 
 
 sitiye rush, reed; R. seit net; seitovat to [yearn], grieve, lament. — Ir. 
 siianem rope, effort; sinim to stretch forward, long for; sin, senile net, 
 nets (for birds) ; sennad stretching; sennim to play the harp; ^^Mflimto 
 lay a spell, ban ; semmann rivets ; s&im [drawn out], thin, little, modest; 
 sSmigim to attenuate; [sSim-frdech], sem-rdc modest herb, shamrock; 
 Bret, senesein to draw out, card QsuS.; semel [boimd] sandal, sole of shoe, 
 
 Sk. va to [eddy] ; vyay to whirl ; causal forms, varying in termdnatioD 
 as usual, vyap to hurl, destroy; vip to hurl; vep to quiver; vap (p.p. 
 uptas) to whirl, sprinkle, sow, cast dice, [whirl to and fro], weave; 
 vapus [rounded, shaped] body, beauty; vapa marrow; upalas pebble, 
 bead, gem, opal; vabh to weave; urna-vabhis wool-weaver, spider; 
 
— 219 — 
 
 lyambas], vimbas disk, globe; upa [whirled] above, below; svap to 
 vhirl about, coil up], lie down, rest, sleep, die; vapas sowing; vapitas 
 oiled, shorn; vdpl [round] lake; vabhr, babhr to circle, roam, wander; 
 arb to move round; babhrus radiant, ruddy; [svabhr], gvahhr to 
 svolve, bore; gvabhram pit, cavern; skambh, skumbh to set stake, fix; 
 ubhras radiant, ruddy; (id>h, (umbh to shine, adorn; kshap to hurl 
 ound, hurl down, destroy; kshapas night (coiling, destructive; neco, 
 'ox) ; kship to hurl, hurl down,scom; kshepas scorn; kap to [embrace], 
 onsole, flatter; to whiffle, vacillate, grind; Uapalas, kshipras whirling, 
 wift, quivering, inconstant; kamp to whirl, quiver; kamp, Hamp 
 ■amb, khamb, ghamb, gam, ga to move round, go; khamp to move 
 ound {sarpe) ; Jiup to circle round, move slowly; Mumb to kiss (round 
 ips) ; kumb to wrap ; strew ; kambalas wrap, blanket ; kambus conch- 
 hell; kshubh to be whirled, confused; [kvapis], kapis incense [drifting, 
 
 irhirling]. Gk. Ci%ki\ blow of the hand; Elxotp swaying phantom, 
 
 raking vision; [(r/]iil'(i> to boil, stir; OSutq Artemis (circling nature) ; 
 ;(5xXov [brandished] weapon; stafE, instrument, sickle, sledge-hammer; 
 ackle of ship; of^^Y] horse's tail, crest (p. 211; sweeping, whirling); 
 /d^Y)], (pd^Yj lock of hair, mane; (pi§d«Xew<; early fig (globing vimba; 
 !f. svang, aiflfyu) ; B^oi; hump; (fin^ (fa^i';) dove (plump); cro^iw to 
 vhirl, be excited; co^apd? violent, proud; uppi? insolence; (rofd? 
 landy, quick, clever, nimble, crafty, versute, wise; c/iicuy] a rotmd jar, 
 neal jar; ffi^iivY) [whirling] javehn; cixaXdq, aiipXd? blinking, twisted, 
 :rippled; afipapo? top-sail; uipciw, Oqjafvw to weave, twine, plot, form 
 
 cf. uptas) ; Hipos, li(fa<s\Lcx web, spider's web, net. Lat. vapulo to be 
 
 shaken, knocked about, beaten; dis-sipo to cast round, scatter; [pro- 
 wapia], prosapia [seed], descendants; supellex household stufE, mobilia, 
 'umiture (gen. supellectilis, veho; vectus); [vitium, svap], vitupero to 
 lurl reproach, revile; vafer whifHing, imsteady, inconstant, tricky; 
 •upparus topsail; vibro to whirl, brandish; vipera [coiling, darting] 
 /^iper; vepres tangled briars; saepe oft [recurring]; saepio to encircle, 
 jncompass, hedge; saepes, septum hedge, enclosure; prae-sepe [fold, 
 stable], crib, manger; [svapor], sapor [stirring], seasoning, taste ; [svapio], 
 
 ;apio to [revolve in mind], be wise. Goth, bi-vaibyan to wrap, robe; 
 
 leipan (O. H. G. wifan) to crown; vepna weapon (oicXov, form vabhr, 
 lab) ; vopyan to [hurl the voice], whoop, shout; supon (O. H. G. sofon) 
 ;o [stir], season; sifan to [whirl], be merry; A. S. vaeflan to whiflfle, 
 luiver, hover; svtfan to whirl swiftly; siftan to sift; w/aw to weave; 
 lif woman; hvedpian to whip ((vabhr); O. N. vippa, veifta to whiri, 
 shake; hvim quick motion; viptvrooi; svipulhaXtle; siofna to [revolve], 
 •eflect; svipa tail; svipta to swing, huri; Ger. schweifen, schweben to 
 •oam, circle, hover. R. raz-s[v]ipat to huri about, sprinkle; s[v]ip 
 
— 220 — 
 
 ebullition, eruption (sutw). Ir. sdeb-core whirlpool; sdeb inconstant, 
 
 false; sdebaim to coax; seabhach [circling] falcon (W. hebauc, A. S. 
 heafoc) ; Sfop a wisp ; foph ball,-rump ; fdebur sword-edge (vibro) ; uptha 
 sorceries (vafer) ; dibell [whirling] spark, heat ; sibal drop, spangle, 
 pin {ffvahhr); Bret, sap sap (boiling up), sprout; sapei.t to sprout; 
 O. C. sapos (sappinus Vitruvius) [sprouting] spruce, fir; [sap-vid fir- 
 tree]; Sapaudia, Savoy, Vop-iscus, Vap-incum swift water. 
 
 Sk. vap to whirl, circle; vep to quiver. Lat. {vepsd\, vespa wasp. 
 
 A. S. vaps, vdsp; O. H. G. wafsa. Lith. vapsa. 
 
 Sk. same roots; vd to blow; vep to quiver, [blow, pant]; svap, 
 
 [svabh] to [breathe deep], sleep. Gk. crCfuv sucking-straw, siphon, 
 
 pipe; S(-(TU?o<; the much-panting sun, rolling his orb to the zenith; 
 (attracted by (jo.aoipoi; very crafty) ; otqjvd?, 019X6? drained, empty, 
 hungry; au<pa^ grape-juice (sucked from wine-press); ou^ap empty, 
 
 wrinkled, decrepit. O. Dutch, soeffen, Ger. saufen to blow; A. S. 
 
 sedfian, O. H. G. si^fton to sob, groan. 
 
 Sk. blending roots; vap, vabhr, babhr to whirl, dash, sprinkle, sow; 
 su to pour out; sumam water, milk; \_s^am to mewl, vomit; vamathm 
 
 vomit ; vamras ant (earth-spawn) . Gk. ^axTO), ^axTEi^u to sweep, dip, 
 
 sink, drown, dye, draw water; m\i.if6q [sponge], spongy (lung, pumice- 
 stone) ; ari-Kicn cuttle-fish (ejecting ink) ; (jfiQxu to rot, soften, spoil; 
 
 /l(jLe(i) to vomit; l'[i.£ai<; nausea. Lat. vomo to vomit; vomittis vomt; 
 
 7; omCT* plowshare (of. Sk. vamras ant; burrowing, providing food, brisk). 
 
 Goth, svamms sponge ; svumsl swimming-pool ; A. S. svamm, 0. N, 
 
 svampr swamp; 0. H. G. swam, O. N. svoppr pond; 0. H. G. swimman 
 to swim ; 0. N. voma nausea ; O. H. G. wemmiu to pollute ; wamba, Goth. 
 vamba belly, womb (revolving, stirring, shaping; w'wOas) ; Ger. wimmk 
 
 to whirl, swarm (cf . vamras) . R. vapit to dye (^axTw) ; Lith. vmti 
 
 to vomit; vemalai vomit. Ir. obbaim to reject, refuse; umae 
 
 (W. emedou) brass (founded, cast) ; liam hollow, cave (belly). 
 
 Sk. svap {svapimi, supyate, p. p. suptas, caus. svdpaydmij to 
 [breathe deep, coil up], lie down, sleep, die; caus. to lull, put to sleep, 
 
 put to death; svapnas sleep, dream. Zd. [fvap], qap to sleep; 
 
 qafna sleep. Arm. (un. Gk. uxvo? sleep; Bxvdw to sleep, put to 
 
 sleep ; ev6xvtov dream ; ctuxau to be silent ; [aiafuxi]], (jiuxiq silence (en- 
 forced quiet; lie down and be still!); Messap. ofxxa silence (p- ?■)• 
 
 Lat. sopio to put to sleep ; sopor, [svopnus], somnus sleep; somniuw 
 
 insomnium dream; sepelio to lay to rest, bury; sepuUcrum. 0. N. 
 
 sofa, pret. svaf to sleep ; 5o/wa to fall asleep; sw/w sleep, dream ;^)! 
 
— 221 — 
 
 [eepy; A. S. svefan to sleep; sefan to calm, pacify; svebban to put to 
 leep (cf. Zd.) ; O. H. G. gi-swiftdn to be silent; swiften to calm; Ger. 
 
 jnft, soft. 0. R. [supnu], sunu sleep; supati to sleep; Lith. sapnas 
 
 ream. Ir. [svopaim,voaim.], foaim to sleep, lull; sHan (W., Bret. 
 
 mm) sleep; W. hunfre (Bret, hunvre) dream; Ir. [sopt], socht silence; 
 ). C. Onofrius Humphrey. 
 
 Sk. [svap to coil up, heap up, complete]; saptan seven; saptamas 
 
 jventh. Zd. haptan. Gk. eicicJ! ;e§So[i.o<;. La.t. septem ; septumus. 
 
 — A. S. sedfon; sedfodha; Goth, sibun, 0. H. G. sipun. Lith. 
 
 ?ptyni; ordinal septintas and sekmas; O. R. sedmi. Ir. secht; 
 
 ?chtmad (cf. socht =sopt) ; W. seith, Bret, seiz seven; Bret, sukun week. 
 
 Sk. vap, [svap] to whirl [here, there, up, down]; upa [to my feet], 
 
 ere, hither, to, near; compar. form uparas the lower one. Zd. upa 
 
 prep, with ace.) to. Gk. ux6, fix«£ under; [whirled] by means of; 
 
 lUTtos [whirled over], supine, belly up. Lat. sub, subter under, 
 
 leneath; supinus belly up; [subversum], sursum [turning] upward; 
 
 u[b]s-cipio to undertake. Goth, uf under, below. Lith. [u]po, 
 
 >a under, near, after; O. R. po-du [to my feet], under {du = to). 
 
 r. [svop, vop, vo],fo,'W.guo vmder; Bret, gou-pen-er tuider-head; pillow. 
 
 Sk. same root, compar. form [vapari, svapar], upari, adv. above, on; 
 
 )rep. over; superl. form upamas highest. Zd. upa prep. loc. over; 
 
 ip, upairi above. Gk. uxep, [uitept], uxefp over, above; uxepa [turning- 
 ope], brace of yard; Bicspos [whirling] pestle, club, lever; uxepOev aloft, 
 ipward; uicaTo^highest; lowest; farthest; supreme; iiJiTjXdi; lofty; uiJjistos 
 
 lighest; Swap [on one's feet], wide awake, real, a true vision. Lat. 
 
 uper above; supremus; [supamas], summus highest; superbus -pvoVLd; 
 vervum, verbum, p. 196) ; [op-pario], operio to cover over, close (p. 61) ; 
 op-mitto], omitto to toss over, pass by, omit; to [toss up], relinquish. 
 
 Goth, ufar over, upon; w/ar thereupon ; upon; ufyo superfluity; ufta 
 
 )ften (many whirls); ufto perchance; O. Sax. ofer over. R. po, pa 
 
 ifter, in addition, according to. Ir. [vapar, var], for over; W. guar; 
 
 loT. war, Bret, gour; O. C. Vor-tigern over-lord. 
 
 Sk. vabhr to whirl ; (vabhr to bore ; gvabhram pit, burrow ; [svap, gvap], 
 ishap to whirl, whirl round, wash, strew, cast down, destroy; kshapd 
 circling] darkness; kship to whirl, hurl, throw away, cast down; 
 id-kship to lift up; a-kship to cast down, scorn; kupyas [rejected], 
 )ase metal; kshipras swift; kshubh (kshubhyami, p.p. kshubdhas, caus. 
 '.shobhayami) to be whirled, confused, to whirl; skambh to [bore hole, 
 lig pit, set stake], prop up. Gk. ralxTO(xat to glance round, watch, 
 
— 222 — 
 
 be on guard, be careful, observe, take aim (attracted from p. 44)- 
 cwoxoq watchman, look-out, scout, target, aim, object; anijxTw to 
 hurl, dart; to hurl down, poimce, fall; to lift up, prop, steady, make 
 firm, lean on staff, depend upon ; to [whirl around one], shield one's 
 self, pretend; <sf.ri%i6<; thunderbolt; (jx'^icTpov staff, baton, sceptre; 
 (jx-^ipt? [veil, crutch], pretence, excuse; c%i\>.'^6(; [on crutches], tottering, 
 lame; ctxiiaxou? bedstead; xiuxew to hurtle, crash; xouipo? [whirling], 
 light, airy, nimble, easy; xiiyeXXa flying cloud; xufiq [dizzy, confused], 
 senseless, dumb ; axtixtw, <sv.i\j.a'kl'C,(it to [toss round, cast away], joke, 
 scorn; axa(ji[j.(ov(a [whirling, purging] convolvulus; <Jxa(i.p6? curved, bent; 
 axu(poi; round tub, milk-pail, double-handled cup for passing round' 
 axu^aXov sweepings, refuse, dung; %6^xXoq knave, goblin; xEgSo? dross; 
 xu^TjXi? axe; ajtexapvov [whirling], axe, surgical bandage (cf. a^tvit), p. 2); 
 cxGXTU to [make dirt fly, burrow like an animal], dig; cxaipo?, wafd;, 
 <rxa<piov dug-out log, canoe, trough, bowl; axdxsTO?, xdxsToq, (j)id(),|ie( 
 trench; scoxtw to strike whirling blow, hew, fell, bore, hammer, 
 knock about, shake, beat the breast; xoxii;axe; xoxsi? chisel; xixavov 
 
 axe, pestle. Lat. scapula shoulder (hurler); scapus shaft; scopae 
 
 broom; scabo to scratch; scobs pit, shavings, saw-dust (oxiiitTO); 
 scamnum, scabellum footstool (prop) ; sclpio staff ; scapus, scopus, 
 
 scopio stalk, handle; cuprum copper (kupyas). Goth, ga-skapyan, 
 
 skaftyan to round, shape, form, create, accomplish; skaban to scrape, 
 shave, shear; skip ship, boat; skufts the hair (twisted, rolled up, 
 Schopf) ; af-skiuban to [reject, shove away], repel; A. S. scop [maker], 
 poet; scAfan to shove; O. N. skapa to form, arrange, command; i^of 
 temperament, nature; skapt shaft, spear; skppa to run, skip; skim 
 foam, scum (tossed); skomm shame; skuppa to scoff; skipta to [toss], 
 
 distribute, divide, shift. Lith. kapoti to hew; kapas grave-motmd; 
 
 0. Pruss. en-kopts to bury; 0. R. kopati to dig; skopiti to castrate; 
 R. kopit, skoplyat to toss together, heap up; sMeben rubbish; skupetz 
 imser; kope lance, (hurled) ; HumiUka skimmer; skopa sea-eagle (circling, 
 watchful) ; shum noise of waves; kobuz fish-eagle; kobel dog; skap[v]iwi 
 
 to dig out; kop mine. Ir. scdipim to scatter; scuap horse-tail; 
 
 scoim, seaman Itmgs (xoufo?, skUm) ; scibiud start, quivering; Bret. 
 skopein to spit; O. C. Scopilius (spearman); Scubuli light-horse; 
 scubulummgh.tsh.side (dizzy). 
 
 Sk. [svap, gvapl to whirl, dash roimd; gaphas horse's hoof; f«^to 
 shoulder; mukha- gaphas reckless-mouthed, scurrilous; gap [spargire 
 voces'] to [utter voice, vow], swear, curse; gabd to shout, call, summon; 
 gabdas din; hve to call; [caus. hvdpaydmi to utter]; [kvap], kup to 
 flash out, speak, be eager, angry; [kvapis], kapis, kapilas incense; 
 
— 223 — 
 
 ■upyas [overflow], base metal; ^ihh to boast, praise; kshamp to shine, 
 le strong; kamp to eddy, whirl, quiver, yearn, pity; kap to whirl, 
 
 remble; kapalas veering. Gk. jifaxvdq smoke (cf. vapor) ; Kaxavei? 
 
 torm-cloud, thiinder-bolt ; xdxTw to be passionate, eager, voracious; 
 .i.xt\ manger (Hdfer); xocxijw to pant, breathe; xaxupiS? wind-blown, 
 Iry, open-mouthed, clear-voiced; xlxfoq sea-bird (cf. gull, gellen); 
 .ixxapi? caper-berry (sprinkled, aromatic) ; xiixetpoq, xuxpo? aromatic 
 lerbs; xdxoq, xd^o? breath; xaxpdo) to be in a heat; K(ixpo<; boar; 
 i(5xpoq dung (reeking, fumus, fimus); xaxupJI^o) to revel; lyxixTW to 
 map at; xsxaipiQios giving up the ghost; xoxiotw to pant, toil, grow 
 veary; v.6\).%o<; gnashing of boar's tusks, din, noise, bragging; xo[ji.xea) 
 ;o brag, be noisy, ring; v.e[i.\>.&q, y.e\x(f(k<; young stag; xyj^iqv drone; 
 iir)(p-iad<; noisy water (ww/i) ; Kt)!py)vs? Persians; v.d'K-rfkot; [cryer], pedlar, 
 
 luckster. Lat. capio, capto to snatch at; [cvapio], cupio to be eager, 
 
 lesire; cM^-edm gluttony; [cupsis], cuspis spear-point (thirsty) ? CM^-t(io 
 'aYSu) ; caupo, copa wine-seller (boasting, calling) ; caper goat (greedy) ; 
 -.apanna hut without smoke-vent, smoky; vapor heat, smoke, steam 
 [It. vampa flame); vapidus exhaled, exhausted, scentless; [svapor], 
 
 tapor taste, savor; sapio to have taste, be wise. Goth, af-hvapnan 
 
 ,0 choke, throttle, to extinguish fire ; hvopan to boast, shout, whoop ; 
 'tiufan to cry out, wail, lament; haifstyan to snap, quarrel; hvoftuli 
 aoasting, pride; 0. N. hafr goat; hafri oats (hungry-food, lively) ; hafna 
 ;o be exhausted, give up, lose; hefna to [pant after], avenge; hofgi 
 jxhaustion, load; hopaz to hope; hveifa to utter, sound; svefya 
 ;o stdam; Goth, svibls sulphur; A. S. hdf hoof (gapha); hoppan to 
 'risk, hop; O. H. G. hopfo hops; Ger. huften to cough; Eng. huff in- 
 solence ; to gape {gabd, [habd^ . Lith . kvapas breath, fragrance ; evapo- 
 ration; kvepti to pant, snuff; kvepalai perfume; kvepoyu to cough; 
 kepu to bake (stifle) ; Bohem. kopet smoke; R. koptit to smoke meat; 
 kapisMe heathen-temple, medicine-lodge; [k^vepr wild-boar (cf. vapor) ; 
 
 'iop[v]ito hoof, sabot (gaphas); kob[v]ila mare; kobel, kobuz, p. 222. 
 
 [r. ac-cobor desire; cobur foam; [cabor], gahor, gabur horse (foaming, 
 prancing = ca6aWM5);[ca6or],ga6oj'goat;ga&/ac/j homed, peaked.pointed; 
 labul fork (fva, hva become g in these cases) ; W. gabr, gafr, Com. 
 lavr, Bret, gabr, gavr goat; W. ceffyll, Bret, ceffyll, caual horse; W. 
 :hweffr violence, rage; chwapp, chawff quick, instantly (svap); Bret. 
 huibanein to whistle; O. C. Gabro-magus, Gabrillus, Cabrillus; Gahali, 
 Caballius, Caballodunum, Cabillonum; caballus horse ; Caburus. 
 
 Sk. vap, [svap, pvap], gvabhr, to whirl; kamp to whirl, tremble; 
 ^amp, ghamb, gam, hamm to move round; samb, gamb to move rotmd, 
 bind; kam to [embrace], love; kapis ape (prehensile); [Uvap], Hup 
 
— 224 — 
 
 to circle, move slowly; kapalam skull, bowl; kapilas tawny (ruiilus)' 
 kapolas [puffed] cheek; kapotas [plump] pigeon; kambalas wrap; 
 (ambus, kambus' spiral shell; kiAb^as humped; kumb to wrap, strew 
 cover; kumbhas jug; kumbhilas stripper, thief; kup to be [bowed 
 down], weak; kupas hole, cave, well; gup to whirl, disturb; to encircle; 
 guard, confine; guph, gumph to put together, hoop, bind; ^ap to 
 whirl, tremble, grind; Mpas [quivering] bow; Hup to make turns, 
 delay; Mb to wrap, cover, grasp; Hhup to touch; Hap, Ham, ^am, ^ham 
 to [grind], eat; ^am wife (feeder); iambhas food, jaw; gabhiras, gam- 
 bhiras [open jaw], gulf; iabh, ^ambh to yawn, bridle. 
 
 Sk. kam to [embrace], love; kmar to be curved, bent; kumdr, 
 kumdl to sport round; kumdras boy, heir, noble child; kumari girl; 
 hmal to whirl, shake ; kshmll, gmll, smll to glance round, flash the eyes; 
 
 kamp to whirl, tremble ; Hamp to go round. Zd. kamara [bent poles, 
 
 interior of hut], vault; girdle; kameredha skull, head. Gk. xa[in(i) 
 
 to bend; [xaf''l'os], YotiA^J^o? curved, bent; x«[Jiapa covered wagon, boat; 
 arch, vault; 5td[jL(AapO(; [armored] lobster; xd[ji.apoi; arbute (globed 
 fruit and tree; v. pp. 91, 138) ; xa(J.a^ [hut-pole], vine-prop, handle, tiller, 
 ring; xa^jK^sau to brandish; x(j.IXe9pov beam; (/.eXaSpov interior of roof, 
 timbers, roof-tree; xa^jwciQ river-bend, lap in race, turning-post, joint; 
 5ta(jLitY] measuring-worm; Y-di^i^a roimd basket, case; v.-r\\f.6c, eel-basket, 
 
 muzzle. Lat. camurus bent, crooked; camera \a,\At ; camillus acolyte, 
 
 noble child; Camilla (circling breeze); cumulus roimd heap; campus 
 
 [river-bend where floods prevent forest growth], plain, field. 0. N. 
 
 himinn roof -tree, heaven; /lamo to swell with anger, assume magic body; 
 hamr body, form (assumed); Goth, himins heaven; hamfs twisted, 
 crippled; 0. H. G. ham crooked, bent; hamm river-bend; hamma 
 
 knee-joint, ham; A. S. hemm brim, hem. Lith. kampas corner; 
 
 R. komel end of beam; kumir idol (Ppstai;, log); komar mosquito 
 (hovering round) ; khmeleit to be merry, drunk {(mil) ; khmel hops 
 (Finn, humala, O. N. humall, Himg. komld; Mod. Gk. %ou[j,eXi]); 
 
 khmurit to contract the brows, frown. Ir. cumal girl, favorite young 
 
 slave; comul circling crowd, assembly; ur-chomal horse-hobble; camm 
 
 crooked, curved, oblique. Bret, kam crooked; kammein to bend, be 
 
 crippled; O. C. Camulos god of heaven; Camardcus; Camulodumm; 
 cambus river-bend; Cambo-dunum, Camboritum; cambd, gamba knee- 
 joint, leg, jambe; gabata dish. 
 
 Sk. svap to coil up; gvabhr to revolve, bore; Hup to revolve, be 
 dilatory; kumb to wrap, cover, strew round; kumbhas round earthen 
 vess,t\.; kupas pit, well; M^ to be [bowed down], weak; kumpas crooked. 
 
— 225 — 
 
 ae. Gk. xijt:i:u to bow down; xuxTdi^u to potter about, be slow; 
 
 rr) den, hut; Tcuxapo? earthen tub; xufdu to curve; xufo? hump; 
 jwv yoke, pillory; xu^y], %6\L^-ri vessel, cup, head (testa); pigeon 
 lump, R. golova head; gotei pigeon); xu^spviu to steer (5iu(ji^y) 
 iff; opvuii.t to impel, scull); xut^EXi] bee-hive, round box; Ku^IXy], 
 i^l^T) Nature (orbing, gendering; Phrygian goddess) ;xi3po<;die (kumbto 
 
 •ew about). Lat. cumho to [coil up], lie down; cubitus elbow-joint, 
 
 :e-arm; cupa tub, cask; cumulus heap. Goth, [hiupan to swell]; 
 
 ^5 thigh; hafyan (0. N. /i^/;)/a) to lift, heave; 0. N. hUfr ship, cabin; 
 ^ high (erhaben) ; A.S. /jd;^ hoop; hedp heap, crowd; Eng. hump, hob, 
 
 b. R. kub round vessel ; kubok cup ; kupat to tub, bathe ; kopotliviy 
 
 ittering, slow; kopit to pile up; Lith. kumpas crooked. ^Ir. ci^p]ar 
 
 rved, crooked, worm, screw; cii[p]ach cup, curl; cumman currier 
 m-pit) ; W. cwm round valley, combe; cwmman tub; Bret, komm 
 b; koumein to tan; kommein to full; koban roxmd hut, tent; O. C. 
 imba, Cumbae dale; Cubi dalesmen. 
 
 Sk. same roots; kamp to whirl, turn, tremble, nod; Mapalas whirl- 
 
 g; kapdlas, kapdlam skull, bowl; kamhus, gambus shell. Gk. 
 
 ipaXiQ, xs^dXif), xs^Xy^ head, round head, leek, poppy; /.ixia onions. 
 — Lat. caput head; capitdlis; Capitolium; caepe onion; cippus round 
 
 )st. -Goth, haubith, O. N. hofudh, A. S. hedfod, O. H. G. hcmbit 
 
 !ad. Bret, kibel tub. 
 
 Sk. ^ap to whirl, grind; kapdlas jaw, knee-pan; kapatas [trap], 
 aud; kap to whirl, [stroke, embrace], console; kapisape (prehensile); 
 lup to [grip], touch; Mib to grasp, take, [wrap], cover; kumb to wrap; 
 mb to encircle, bind; kamp, khamp,khamb,ghamb, hamm to go round; 
 ',p to whirl, disturb; to revile, scorn; to [encompass], guard, confine, 
 
 mceal; guph, gumph to twine, bind, put together. Gk. xatJixTO) 
 
 bend; yaiA^o? curved, crooked; xuxiq, yuxy) den, nest; xuxa?, xuxausfs 
 rded tunic; xdiptvo? basket; %in>.^6u) to gird, round, fashion, ensnare, 
 iceive; xf^tai? [grip], pouch, wallet; xE^o?, xi^-wTd? (vat), coffer, 
 )x; 3«P-(ipiov seed-vessel (vdras); xiiPos, x^xo? long-tailed monkey; 
 xo? enclosure, yard, orchard, garden; x«^^? curved (ghatnb); x&^oq 
 uzzle; !;a^(5q curved; i;aPY) coat of mail; xa^atcos greedy; xu^ids 
 ,at. gobius) gudgeon; yut}) (-xd?) vulture (gripping); Yutpo? plaster 
 
 Paris, chalk (tenacious, concrete). Lat. capio to grip, seize, 
 
 ke; capulum hilt; capero to contract, wrinkle; capistrum muzzle; 
 pillus hair; co^j-^ hawk; cibus food; Osc. Capua ring-wall; Lat. 
 beo to have, hold (ghambh, xii^o?); /reiw [bent], weak, blunted; 
 mus hook (hamm). O. N. hafa to grasp, hold, have; hoefa to 
 
 15 
 
— 226 — 
 
 grasp, attain, win; hofn possession, property; haven; fetus; W 
 [enclosure, Tlt^svo?], temple, palace, court; hof due measure, duty, 
 honor; Goth, haban to grasp, have; ga-haban to hold fast, control, 
 contain; haftyan to cling close, cleave to; A. S. hof enclosure, 
 court, farm; Goth, [kaup palm of hand, yafjuj^d?] ; kaupatyan to 
 slap; kaupon; O. H. G. koufon to [shake handsj, do business, buy 
 (cf. tango, dingen); A. S. cedp business, purchase; cepan to grip, 
 
 keep; 0. N. kippa to drag, haul; keypr to exchange. R. kufii 
 
 to buy; kupetz merchant (from Goth.) ; kuporit to hoop, bottle; 
 kobura case; kibitka covered wagon; tzapatsya to grip, climb; tzeip 
 chain; shMupat to grasp, feel (Mhup); sMipat to pluck, -pinch, ^rick 
 (claws; pango, pungo); shUiptzi pincers; Lith. gabenti to bring home, 
 
 fetch (ghamb). Ir. gabaim to seize, hold (habeo); gaimbin usurers; 
 
 cimb, cimm tribute, silver; cimbid prisoner (for ransom) ; Bret, kampi 
 pa3mient; kemm exchange; 0. C. cambium, con-cambium exchange, 
 business. 
 
 Sk. hve [caus. hvdpayami] to shout, cry with open mouth; gap 
 to swear; [kvap], kup to be eager, angry, passionate; iap to mumble; 
 iabh, ^ambh to [pant after], yawn, [put bit in mouth], bridle, restrain; 
 ^am to eat; ^amanam food; gambhas food, chin, jaw; ^ambhyas ioot)!L\ 
 gambus the rose-apple ; ^ambukas jackal (voracious) ; gambdlas clay, 
 (chewed, soft); gabhas yawning chasm; gambhan depth; gambhim 
 
 deep; gabhastis [gripping] arm. Gk. Z^a^o-zoq grasping, greedy; 
 
 •{oi\i.(f(\, yaticp-QXiq jaw, beak {ffkoq nail) ; yoitipo? spike, nail, stilus, peg, 
 [stake]; yow^os molar-tooth; rdiJt9ot [palisade]; ys^upa [piles], dam, 
 
 bridge (jaw of river). Lat. Gabii [palisade]. A. S. camb, O.N. 
 
 kambr comb (toothed); O. N. kiaptr jaw; kampr moustache; kapp 
 fight; Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa to chop; M. H. G. kippe sickle, chopper 
 (tid/aipa; teeth); A. S. cempa soldier; Eng. to champ, chap, chip; 
 O. Ger. Cimbri; A. S. cimbing [mouth], crack, joint; d-cumba oakum. 
 
 Lith. gemben spike, hook; zhopsnu to yawn; zhoplys open mouth; 
 
 O. R. zanbu tooth; R. z-ub tooth; zubetz fork; zabota [gnawing] anxiety; 
 zhaba toad (great mouth); guba lip; gulf; gubka sponge (thirsty); 
 
 gubit to [devour], destroy. Ir. gabaim to grip, seize (melts with 
 
 habeo) ; gabaim to sing (open mouth) ; gob mouth, snout, beak, grip 
 of tongs; gdba, gdbud danger (of wild beast) ; gabul flesh-fork, fork of 
 tree, prong, horn, bough, gallows; tongs; W. gafl forked bough; 
 gebel tongs; Bret, gavl fork; gavelod harpoon (javelin); Ir. goW) 
 smith (gripper, welder, riveter); W., Cor., Bret. go#, g(5/ smith, Bret. 
 govH forge; Ir. [gembel], gemel, W. gemyn, gefyn fetter, gyve; Bret. 
 gaved jaw, cheek, joue; gabelle tax; jiber game, gibier; jobl quaw' I 
 
— 227 — 
 
 ibber, gibe, jab, jib; Ir. gob) ; 0. C. Gobannio (Abergavenny).; gobed-bi = 
 le has taken, [received, accepted]." 
 
 Sk. ^ap, kamp to revolve; Uap to grind; Uam, gam, iham, gim 
 
 eat; iemanam, iamanam food (melting with iambhas jaw, food); 
 
 m, ^am-pati wiie (food-mate, of. mdtri food-divider); idmis sister; 
 
 mis of kin; vi-^aman kindred, related ;^amain, ydmatri son-in-law; 
 
 ma daughter-in-law. Gk. yatJila) to marry; '{&\i.oq wedding; 
 
 \xixt]<; husband; -{ai^sz-fi wife; [Y«t^po?], y«1^?P<5? brother-in-law; 
 iiifjXioq nuptial; Yei^wto be [pregnant], full of food, full; y<5(ji.o? cargo; 
 i\i.\Li], oi(5y.(« Lat. gummi gum (exuding, overflowing) ; yu[xv(5? [just 
 
 im], naked (mutternackt) . Lat. gemo to [be full of wind, woe], to 
 
 oan, sigh, roar; gemmahnd of tree (exuding) ; gemini twins (wombful, 
 
 Eipos). A. S. cveman, ge-cveman to please, satisfy; Ger. bequem 
 
 mfortable (melts with Goth. q'jmaM = ga»M to come); Gerra.keimen to 
 veil], sprout; kaum with difficulty (y6\^oq); O. H. G. cMmo, Goth- 
 
 id. kaum howling (gemo). R. gam noise, roar; gumno threshing- 
 
 lor (full-food). Ir. g^im roar, shout. 
 
 Sk. vap to whirl ; svap to [coil up], rest, sleep, die ; gvabhr to revolve, 
 re; gaphas hoof; samb, gamb to go round, bind; gam (gdntas) to be 
 eeping, stroked round], calmed, appeased; gamas tranquillity; sdm, 
 ntv, gdntv to calm, console, flatter; ksham to [be firmly bound, to 
 il up, to stroke], to be patient, suffer, endure, indulge, pardon; 
 hamas enduring, useful; kshamd endurance; kshamd, ksham earth; 
 amb etc. to revolve; kshamp to be mighty, flash round, shine; gam 
 see; kam to [embrace, be impetuous], desire, love (cf. p. p. kdntas 
 th gdntv) ; sam to be whirled, confused, troubled; sam with {samb to 
 id); {samsam], samam together with; samd [revolving] year; samas 
 
 [together], like, equal (the same lot) ; sibh, simbh, subh, sumbh, 
 bh, gumbh to [whirl, flash out], be bright, beautiful; gubhas beautiful, 
 ;ky; gubhras splendid, white; sibh, simbh to whirl, hurl, shoot, kill 
 '. kship) . 
 
 Sk. sam to be whirled; samb, gamb to encircle, bind; sam with 
 . withe, with) ; samas like, equal, level, all (round plain) ; samam al- 
 jether, with, at the same time ; samantas on all sides ; sdmi half (my 
 
 e of the circle). Zd. hama the like, the same. Gk. «[jl« at the 
 
 ne time; o^qc; together, united; 6[AoiJ together (adv.); o[i.oTo? like, 
 lilar ; 6(JiaXd<; equal, level ; ^z^ikf] evener of day and night (cf . Abend) ; 
 ! dawn, slain by her lover the sun, leaving their child Aid-vuao? [day 
 i night], the morning-star. Lat. similis alike ; simul at once ; sem^l 
 
— 228 — 
 
 for once ; simulare to [copy], pretend ; simuUas[Q^-posmg lines, interests], 
 er\.counter, hostility] post-quama.it&r]un-quameYev{umhh)\us-qmma,riy. 
 
 where {ut up, out; [famas], samas all ; or Hm what) . Goth., 0. H. G. 
 
 sama the same; Goth, samaih, O. H. G. samet together, at once; Goth. 
 samana, 0. H. G. saman together with, zusammen; Goth, suman once 
 upon a time; sums some one; Eng. seem to be like; A. S. symk, symble 
 
 always, continually; symbel gathering, banquet. 0. R. samu 
 
 himself, alone; R. sam the same. Ir. -som himself; samail likeness, 
 
 image; samlaim to compare; awa/like, as; saim a couple; samud con- 
 gregation; amin even so; dm in sooth; amser, amm [circling] time; 
 W. [samal], atkal as; hafal like; Bret, hanval, hevel, evel like; hum 
 himself; O. C. Sama/M5 = image of his father (TuS-fsiSiQ?). 
 
 Sk. sdmi half; a-samis not-halved, perfect. Gk. •^(jm-, jjnisu; 
 
 half (lao?). Lat. semi, semis half; sem-issis half assis; [semis-tertim], 
 
 sestertius two and a half. 0. H. G. sdmi half. W. (comparat.) 
 
 hanther, Cor., Bret, hanter half (cf. sdntv for samt). 
 
 Sk. sam [forms sdntv, gdntv, kshvan, gam] with. Gk. aijv, ^ijv with; 
 
 ^uv6<;, xoivdq shared; in common; of kin; ^evo? guest-friend, sharer, par- 
 taker; [sacred wanderer], arriver, stranger, foreigner; xpo-^svo; public 
 
 guest {pari intens.) Lat. cum, with; con-, co- together; qimm is 
 
 (comparison, together; cf. similis) ; coena [meeting of family,] evening 
 
 meal. R. son-mishke assembly; semya, semeistvo family; semeiniy 
 
 of the family. Ir. con- com with; comul assembly; Bret, ko-; 0. C. 
 
 con-; con-date assembly, court of justice (W. datl). 
 
 Sk. samb, gamh to go round, [bathe, stroke]; to bind; [make iirm, 
 lay spell]; sdm, sdntv, gdntv to calm, console, flatter; gam (fdmySmi, 
 p. p. gdntas, caus. gamaydmi) to be calmed, to calm, quiet, appease; 
 kam (p.p. kdntas) to love; gamas, gdntis peace; gdntvam sdntvam con- 
 solation, flattery; ksham to be patient, indulge, pardon; to endure, 
 be strong; sibh, simbh, subh, sumbh, gubh, gumbh to whirl, shoot; 
 
 to flash rotmd, be radiant; gubhras splendid, white. Gk. (i(!ciJi'i|/iixi)v 
 
 [sweet-breath], marjoram; oe(jiv6<; revered, holy, solemn, august; 
 (il^o(jiat to be filled with awe, calmed; to revere, honor; K^mk 
 august; unvoq h)rmn (placating, propitiating); (j£(i.§Xoq bee-hive, 
 bee-cave; treasure {simbh to Aash round among flowers) ; S(§uAX« sibyl 
 (buzzing, muttering, storing wisdom, revered) ; aoKf-fji; clear, bright, 
 distinct; aoipdi; wise (melts with p. 219); Sitio? (beautiful, peaceful); 
 xotxiu, xoiid^o) to [stroke], curry horse, care for animal or man; x(iitii hair, 
 foliage ; xoii.i}'i5? well-groomed, dainty, delicate ; xuiao; mirth, merriment, 
 
— 229 — 
 
 irousal, village festival; xuii-uq sheaf (harvest-home), sacred laurel 
 3Ugh; xa)(Jia tranqiiil sleep; xw(xy] village (peaceful, joyful cf. R. mir 
 ;ace, village); %i^lw<; [sweat-hut, shaman's tent, medicine-lodge]; 
 imace, forge, oven (Jatvw to melt, comfort, warm) ; xa(ji.vw to toil, 
 
 reat, be sick, suffer {ksham). Lat. Sabini, Samnites (holy bands, 
 
 r sacrum); Simbruina (holy; calm current; rovlna, pew); sobrius 
 If -controlled, prudent (ebrius p. 20); semones reverend gods; Semo 
 ancus deity; coniis {gam) kind, considerate, gentle; comes comrade; 
 
 im-modus kindly, serviceable; ne-quam malicious, vile. Goth. 
 
 imyan to please, act rightly, in seemly fashion ; O. N. sdma to beseem; 
 !mya to make peace, moderate; skemma women's rooms; skemta to 
 ijoy (ksham) ; Sw. sdmya to reconcile; A. S.seman to appease, judge; 
 '. N. seimr honey, gold; sumar summer; Ger. summen to sing lullaby, 
 mrmur, A. S.scimian to shimmer; sib peace ; Goth. sibya peace, kinship, 
 ioption, friendship; un-sibis godless; siponeis disciple; O. H. G. 
 '.ppea clan, sept; O. N. sifi friend, kinsman; heimr, A. S. hdm village, 
 
 ome; A. S. hama, homa garment (comfort; gam). R. [sum-mrak], 
 
 tmrak clear-dark, twilight ; &Mma, godmother; feomwato bedchamber; 
 umis fermented milk ; Lith. keimas village ; kaimynas neighbor (xef^jiai ?) . 
 — Ir. sdm sdme rest, ease, comfort; sam summer; sdim pleasure, 
 ise.; gentle, mild; soimm, somme rich; soinm^ch happy; c6em, cdem, 
 Hm beautiful, gentle, mild; cwwa yearning, sorrow; cMwn^c/s reflective, 
 lindful; Comyn, Cummins; co6 beautiful ; victory; cendsa gentleness, 
 i[m(gdntvam) ; cissad sv&enng;[svani],sant (Bret.hoant,koant) longing, 
 esire (sdntvam) ; Bret, chom^in to be quiet, to rest, dwell; [cum], cuff, 
 ear; Fr. chomer to pet; Eng. chum; 0. C. cama straw, bed, Test;camisia 
 ight-gown ; camum sweet-beer (hops are Slavonic) ; Caemani,[Qaemard] 
 'aemani; Quameros favorite slave; Commius; Como; Comagenae (agen 
 imble) ; Quemea; Soemus; Saemus; Sammius; Sam-ara (summer-flow, 
 omme) ; Sambis; Sambra; In-sombres; In-si:bres (the revered, august; 
 r. in-, ind-, the) ; Corn, hebren-chiat [holy chief], priest {c4t chief) ; 
 I. C. [s]Abrin-caiui holy warriors. 
 
 Sk. ksham to be patient, firm, strong; to endure, be gracious, par- 
 on (form kham; cf. kshur, khur to split); kshamp, sumbh, gumbh to 
 ash round, be radiant, beautiful, mighty; kshamas patient, enduring, 
 apable, powerful, fit, useful; ksham, kshamd, [kham], gam (gen. 
 2mas) the earth (cf. khamb, ghamb, gam) ; the form kham has been 
 
 )st in the kham of the next paragraph. Zd. zem (nom. zoo) the 
 
 a,rth. Gk. %(x\j.(xl, (loc. case) on the ground; x^v-aU, /aiAaSn; to the 
 
 round; x«V-«^^'^ from the ground; xixi^-r]k6q, ^^BaiAaXd? on the ground, 
 )w; XaiAuvT) epithet of Demeter {van beloved); xStov earth, ground. 
 
— 230 — 
 
 surface, land, world (cf. exchange of m and n in the cognate (am 
 
 gdntvant); imxOtivioq [earthly] man; auTd-^Bwv aboriginal. Lat, 
 
 humus earth, soil; humum to the ground; humi on the ground; humo 
 to inter, bury; humilis low; homo {-4nis; O.La.t. plu.hemdnes,honmes 
 
 cf. Xa[ji.uvif)) man, mortal. 0. N. gwmi (plu. gumnar), O. H. G. gomo, 
 
 komo man; Goth. gMwa man, gumeins male; 0. N. gaman merriment 
 game, love, sport (cf . kindred gam, kam to be happy, love) ; gammr 
 desire; gaman-ferdh love-lane; gaumr attention, care; gdmr palate 
 gums, finger-tips; A. S. gdma, 0. H. G. giumo palate, gums; Goth. 
 gaumyan (A. S. gyman) to care for, watch, observe, provide for. — - 
 O. R. zemlya earth {x^d^<xk^q, humilis) ; Bohem. zem^i, Lith. zhemie 
 earth, ground; Lith. zhemai on the ground {humi); zhemas low; 
 Zhemyna earth-goddess (Xa(j,uvY]) ; zhmu (plu. zhmdnes) man; R, 
 zhimo-lost [earth's joy] honeysuckle; zemnoi earthly; zmeii snake 
 (crawler) . 
 
 Sk. su, [gu, Zd. hu] to pour out, make libation (p. 203) ; hu {^uhomi, 
 p. p. hutas, caus. havayami) to [pour out], sacrifice, offer, worship; 
 hud, hund to [pour], pile, heap, be overwhelmed with water; ha 
 {^ahdmi, hdsydmi, hitvd, p.p. hlnas, caus. hdpaydmi) to [pour out], 
 throw away, exhaust, leave a portion, desert, deprive, be lost , wanting; 
 hd (gihe) to [flow], depart, go; hdyanas a year; hay to go, [flow], be 
 weary; hi {hinvdmi gighye) to [pour], flow, go, speed, send, fill, swell; 
 hins, hikk to [speed, hurl, shoot, pounce], harm; hinsras wild, fierce; 
 hve to utter, call, lure; hdvas murmur, lure; d-hve to shout, challenge 
 (animal calls of affection, defiance) ; hanus jaw, mouth; /jaw {hanishyami, 
 hatvas, ^aghdna, caMS. ghdtaydmi; desid. iighdns = -{i~(ixi;) to kill, destroy; 
 hatis slaughter; hat to flash out; hath to be violent; hansas [wide- 
 mouth], goose; hikk to sob; ghaggh to laugh. 
 
 Sk. hu (hutas) to [pour out] ; d-havas libation, sacrifice ; a-Mvas 
 trough; kham [pouring], wound, mouth, sky; hud, hund to pour, heap, 
 be overwhelmed; hd (^ahdmi, hlnas) to pour, exhaust, drain ; /?», Aw to 
 go, flow, speed, shoot; hve to utter; ghan to flash; ghanas full, swollen, 
 dense; a cloud; ghu, ghush to utter; gu to speed; iush to shoot; ^ish 
 to sprinkle ; ^ush to seek, delight, desire ; gu, gu cacare ; gkvi to dash 
 out ; ^ut, ^yut to flash out ; kyus to leave [after pouring] ; ^ui to pour; 
 
 kyutas rain. Zd. zaothra holy water. Gk. x^w (/eiJW, x^fl^'oH 
 
 to pour, shed, stream, utter, gush, heap, crowd, cloud; 5reu(i.a! stream, 
 bowl, molten tin ; xui^aliquid, flood, casting ; xuutq flood, heap ; %unii?juice, 
 taste; xui^P«pot; x"'^'^?. X'^l''*' X'i"^'? heap, mound, embankment; iwi 
 
— 231 — 
 
 ioil; a liquid measure; %oTvt^ measure; x^Mto heap; Jo-xs/aipa shooter of 
 irrows, darter of light; x^oi'-atto flash out, be angry; ^io? chaos; %(xuvoq 
 
 noist, spongy, cloud-Hke, vain (melts with xaJvw). Lat. [hutis], ftitis 
 
 vater-pot; futilis poured out, wasted, in vain; effutio to be gushing, 
 jabble (cf . hve, hdvas) ; re-futo, con-futo to dash back, hurl back 
 argument] ; in-choo to begin ; humor moisture ; [hvomer], vomer plow- 
 ;hare {y&v-"'', cf. vapor) ; fundoto pour (/iMwd; melting with p. 49) ; guita 
 irop; gesso, [gesro], gero to [dart, speed], be active, efEect, heap earth 
 [congeries, suggestus) ; gerro to talk, idly, fool ; gestio to be eager, ardent ; 
 [ghas to be eager, devour) ; gestus, gesticulor ; [hausio], haurio to drain, 
 
 iia]pty;quatio, con-cuHo to shake, hurl ((Mut) ; scaturio to dash. Goth. 
 
 liutan, 0. H. G. giozan to pour; Goth, guns pus; gansyan to cause, ful- 
 ill, (ganz) ; 0. N. gustr cold blast ; geysa to be violent, gush out, boil up ; 
 ^.. S. gifan to give {hdpayami to pour out, lavish) ; geofon, gyfen, gifen 
 ilood, sea; 0. N. gifr violent, gigantic monster; A. S. gdst breath, spirit; 
 letan to produce, beget; Goth, us-geisnan to be [driven by wind], 
 maddened, made wild; A. S. gaestan to frighten, afflict, torment; 
 EvLg.squid cuttle-fish (squirter.f^wO I Goth, gavi land, region, settlement 
 (alluvial soil, xoiJ?)- R. ga^if to quench ; gusha sediment, dregs, allu- 
 vium; zhestokii violent, cruel; zhest tin (melted, cast) ; Lith. zhuvis fish 
 (dashing). Ir. gdith-lach swamp; gaethe-mail swampy; got blear- 
 eyed, lippus; gai, goth javelin (hi, ghiXo dash, speed, send) ; gdeth wind, 
 storm; gus force, momentum, strength; g-Aas peril; gikisim to dash, 
 risk; gestul exploit; gessim to entreat (utterance); guth voice, word 
 (ghu); got, guite stammering (effutio); geis prophecy, ban; Oen-gus 
 (Angus); Fer-gus; gdes, gdeth dashing, quick-witted; Bret, goed blood; 
 0. C. Clu-gasis, Su-gasis; gaison spear; Cuno-gussi. 
 
 Sk. hd (hitvd) to dash out, empty, leave behind; had cacare; 
 
 khand to leave, relinquish, desert. Zd. zad cacare. Gk. axdXju* 
 
 to let go, drop, cease, give up, betray; ox^t^tos wretched, forsaken; 
 XaC,o\j.ai to give up, yield, fail; axeSavvu[Jit to dash about, scatter 
 around; <jxs8t«i;u to be careless; xs(>(i> cacare; cxaTti? (gen. of encwp) 
 
 dung; %6^a.vo(; groin. Lat. cedo (cessi) to yield, concede; cedo (cette) 
 
 I would fain; suffer me to ask. A. S. sceddan to shed; sctte, 0. H. G. 
 
 scizu dung. R. khudo [empty], poor, weak; skudniy wretched; 
 
 kudniy strange, outlandish, queer. Ir. scith exhausted; sets 
 
 exhaustion. 
 
 Sk. hu to pour out, dash out; Aa (hinas) to dash out,empty, exhaust; 
 vi-kd to exhaust, dash out, set free; vi-hdyas air, bird; hi to dash, 
 speed; ghi to spurn, exhilarate; fydi to [speed], go, blow upon, parch; 
 
— 232 — 
 
 (igiras shivering, cold; gltas cold; gyetas white; ginas frozen; gyamas 
 dark blue, (wind blown-sky); gyavas livid; himas cold, frost; himan 
 snow; hima cold, winter; himdni deep snow; heman wintry; hemantas 
 
 winter; Him-a-laya snow-home; hemam gold (winter sunset). Zd. 
 
 ziao winter frost; zima winter. Arm. yiun snow. Gk. yim snow; 
 
 %tl\^<x storm, winter rain; xu^&lfs>, xet(xa£vw to storm; x^l'i'St^.ov chil- 
 blain; xeiiawv winter; yi^ci^oc,, X'V^'pa winterling kid, one season old; 
 winter demon, winter thunder-storm, slain by Bellerophon (v. p. 190); 
 
 Alban. dimen winter ? Lat. hiems, [himn-verna], hiberna winter {vern, 
 
 urna rains of Italian winter; pp. 193, 216; Aquarius; Capri-cornus 
 like xi\>.Mpix implies unfolding horn of winter, and pour of Saturn's 
 
 rain); [bi-himus], bimus two winters old. Norse gio fresh snow; 
 
 0. N. gS tempest; gymbr winterling lamb; gamall [snowy, hoary], 
 old; A. S. gamol-feax white-haired; gamal old; Ger. Gems -bock snow- 
 
 buck, chamois. O. R. zima winter, storm, cold; Lith. zheima winter; 
 
 zheiminis wintry. Ir. gam, gem-red winter {rod wheel, cycle); 
 
 gamuin winterling calf; gam-lias winter stable; gemen [winter-coat], 
 fur, hide; W. gaem, gayaf; Com. goyf; Bret, goaiiv, gouaff mxAnx; 
 Bret. [g]iein, Cor. yen cold (cf. givin=ivin) ; Bret, gam-lid Holy Thurs- 
 day, winter's end ; O. C. Gamatus, Giamatus, Gamianus (young steer); 
 Gemmelaus, Gemblacus winter-stables; Gemme-ticum winter-house 
 (cf . bou-tig, bothie) . 
 
 Sk. hve to utter ; gvi to [blow, inflate], swell ; gydi to blow, freeze; 
 ginas frozen; gyetas white; gyamas [wind-blown sky], dark blue, black 
 
 (cf. blow, blue) ; gyavas [frozen], livid. Gk. xudvso; deep blue; 
 
 steely blue (ginas, gyamas; cf. hemam gold) ; xuavo? steel, lacquer, lapis 
 lazuli; xoija[A,a black (Laconian) ; xaiv(5q [cleared sky], fresh, new; 
 
 xaivuiJiat to be glorious, excel. ^Lat. [cydntis], cdneo to be white (cf. 
 
 xijwv = c:am5). Goth, skeinan to shine; 5&aMW5 beautiful; 0. N. jfe'x 
 
 brightness; sky cloud, sky. R. sinii blue; siyanie radiance; seim 
 
 [wind-blown] hay. Ir. cdin beautiful, [severe], a law; 0. C. Cdms, 
 
 Caino[n] = Chinon ; Cananius, Caenonius, Caenecaene. 
 
 Sk. hu, hd, hi to dash out, empty, exhaust ; gydi to go, [pass like 
 the wind]; hyas yesterday, adj. hyastanas. Gk. ybk<;, kxUq yester- 
 day; adj. ■}(fii(sn6q, /Gtl^tS?. Lat. [hesi],heri; adj. hesternus. O.N. 
 
 ges, gar, A. S. gistran; 0. H. G. gesteron, kestre yesterday. 
 
 Sk. hi to send, speed, hurl; hetis arrow, lightning; gydi to 1 
 blow, freeze; kay, Hyu, khyu, ^yu, ^u, ^hu to speed, go; gkut, (^pi 
 Mut, Hyut to dash out, pour out (quatio, scateo) ; ^yus to leave over; 
 
— 233 — 
 
 kshu to sneeze; kyu to slip, fall, excite, laugh; ^yut, iut to flash out, 
 shine ; gi, go to excite, incite, goad , sharpen ; [go], so (syami) to huil, aim, 
 let fly, hunt down, destroy; kshi, kshl, khdi, sdi to destroy, to perish; 
 kshi to destroy, cast down, lay low, [lay foundation, pounce into], 
 occupy, dwell; kshiv, kshiv to dash out, drive out [foe]; to dwell; gi to lie 
 down, sleep; Mi to [lay foundation, toss together], make cairn, heap 
 up, cover over; kitis cairn, heap ; khdi to be firm; kit, kit, kint to [gather 
 pebbles], calculate, count, think, reflect; kitavas dice-player; kitras 
 quick fingered (for picking, tossing), nimble, active; kiy to pick, 
 gather, cover; kit to glance, perceive, know; ki to know. 
 
 Sk. hi, ghi to dash, speed, send; kay, kyu to speed, go, slip; gkut 
 to dash out, pour, flow; gydi to speed, blow; gmas, gydmas cold, 
 [drifting, whirling, speeding]; so (sydmi, sitas) to shoot, aim, plan, 
 complete, appoint, limit; gyenas falcon (pouncing) ; gydlas men whose 
 wives are sisters (fellow-raiders) ; [form sydlas Gk. isXtot brothers 
 in-law]; gi (gigite) to speed, excite, goad, sharpen; kit to be keen, 
 perceive; khyd, ket to [speed], summon; kit, kint to think quick; kitras 
 
 nimble, handy, clever. Gk. v.aiwt^a.i to [shoot beyond], surpass, 
 
 excel; xat.vo? [discovered, invented, well-aimed], new? xfu to move, 
 go; xiv^d) to move, stir, start, assail, summon, rouse; xfvTQon; move- 
 ment, revolution, stir, dance; xivyjtiqi; agitator; xiv(i£9ia[i,a rustling; 
 xfvaSoq, xlSaipo?, axtvSaipoi; fox, rogue; oxfva^, xfvSa^ nimble, 
 hare; oxivap foetus (Sk. gigus) ; %\mIuwc, [starting], risk, chance, danger; 
 x(xw to send away, shake off; xcxu? vigor; xc'Oapa lyre {kitras); 
 oxtvSaipds lute; xovlu to speed; Sta-jtovlw to be nimble, serve; xdvi? 
 
 dust. Lat. cieo to rouse, excite, speed, summon; ciere nomen to 
 
 call by name; civis [summoned, member of folk-moot], citizen (cf. 
 hve to call); Osc. kevs citizen (cf. kshiv to attain, occupy, dwell); 
 con-cio assembly; citus swift; excito; cin-cinnus [shaking] curl; quatio, 
 quasso, con-cutio to shake, dash {gkut) ; cutio to dart, strike ; qiieo to be 
 vigorous; ne-quitia worthlessness, vileness; c*>a [swift start, starting 
 point], this side ; scaturio to well up ; scateo to swarm; situs site, position 
 
 {so, sitas, to aim, end; p. 218). Goth, skevyan to journey; A.S. scio I 
 
 go; Ger. ge-schehen to bring to an end, come to pass; O. N. heita to be 
 
 named, called. R. s[v]inat to pour out, shed; siyanie radiance, 
 
 ray ; se[n'\mennit to speed. Ir. cinnim to rush, sweep ; scinnim to 
 
 leap; sceinm a start, leap; c^mm a stride; dim to shed tears (hu to 
 shed; kshu to sneeze) ; cet- first, beginning; cetamus in the first place; 
 centar on this side (Lat. citra); cian [long-shot], far, long; cennach 
 business (alacrity, thinking quick); W. kennat sending; kenadyl 
 ambassador; [kyntam], kyntaf first; Bret, skoein to rush against, dash, 
 
— 234 — 
 
 strike; W. cam, Bret, kam stride, step; Cor. cammen road, chemin; 
 kynsa first; Bret, ketan, first; kent ahead; kenteh immediately; kenir, 
 spur; O.C Centrones (drivers; associated with the graig-c6le, Graioceli, 
 herders) ; Cantium= nearest point to Gaul; Cimia-cinus speed-the-step, 
 (god of travellers, with votive inscriptions); Cemenelon; Cimenus; 
 Cintu-tigernus; Kentigern (cf. ro-rig). 
 
 Sk. same roots (i {giglte, gitas) to sharpen, excite ; go (gydmi, gitas 
 cdtas) to sharpen; gdn (gicansdmi), kshnu to sharpen; gdnas whetstone; 
 gonitas blood; gdnas red; kan to shine. Gk. xwvoq point, cone, turn- 
 ing-post, helmet, top, pine-cone; xovvapo? thorn-tree; xovvIm to be 
 
 keen, to know. Lat conor to [thrust], make effort, attempt ; cds (cdtis) 
 
 whetstone; cautes sharp rock, crag; catus keen-witted (gdtas); conns 
 glittering, white ; ci-conia stork (sharp-bill) ; cuneus wedge ; thunderbolt 
 (the whetstone of Naevius was a celt buried under a fulgurale; Thor's 
 
 hammer; p. 8). A. S. hanan to stone; hunig (0. N. hunang) honey 
 
 (eagerness, desire) ; hynan to assail, injure ; hvene a little (worn, chip) ; 
 O. N. hein hone; hvetya, hvessa to sharpen, incite; hun point of mast; 
 Hoenir; Goth, hunyan to seek eagerly; hunsl [devotion], sacrifice; 
 [hvatan to whet] ; hvotyan to [spur on], rebuke ; hvassei sternness ; 0. H. G. 
 
 Mn [fierce] giant. R. konetz point, end; konek peak of roof; km 
 
 [swift] horse {agvas). Ir. cotiid whetstone; cottud mountain-peak; 
 
 cdith point, needle; cat, caith keen, wise; conar way, track {conari); 
 Bret, kounar rage. 
 
 Sk. go (gydmi), gi to sharpen, [use fire-drill]. Gk. xafu, x«o 
 
 (fut. /.«6a(o) to kindle, burn; v.(xu\x.a. burning heat, fever; xauai; burning, 
 
 cautery. Goth. /saw torch. K.kovat to forge iron (cf. hein, hvetya 
 
 from go) . 
 
 Sk. gi to sharpen; khdi to cleave, hurt; kshi, fes/jm to cut, hurt, 
 destroy; khit, khet to hurt, scare; kitis boar (sharp tusk); kirns 
 scar; kho (khydmi) to cleave, cut off; Mvaras ragged; Gipsy chivo 
 
 knife. Zd. vi-ska to decide. Gk. jcefu, /.sal^w to cleave, split; 
 
 xsapvov axe; v.aw^6q, xaiaSa? fissure in earth; xiQTWst? full of chasms 
 (Cleve-land) ; Jt^toq [maw], sea-monster; (jxeGpo? [carved], exact, 
 accurate; [a]>ie-ax,fov [carded] tow; [xtisw], TstfTj^Aai to grieve (cf. tlu). 
 
 Lat. scio to saw; descisco to cleave open; squatus, squatim 
 
 shark; caementum hewn stone; cavillor to vex, jeer; igwama shaving, 
 
 scale. A. S.heavan, 0. H. G. houwan to hew; Goth, havi, O.N. 
 
 key cut grass, hay; O. N. hd hide; Ger. Hai shark. R. kit whale; 
 
 seino hay; Hinit to cut. Ir. scian knife; Gael, sgath to lop, prune; 
 
— 235 — 
 
 W. ysgiein knife; Bret, kizellat to chisel; 0. C. Scianea (mountain 
 stream) . 
 
 Sk. gi to sharpen, incite; intens. (iksh to learn eagerly; gyai to be 
 keen, cold, clear; khya to declare, teach, inculcate; H {kikemi) to know; 
 (0 to sharpen ; a-kii to desire , purpose ; kav, kab to [cause to see], describe, 
 celebrate, paint, color; kavis poet, seer; Ishavis beauty, splendor; 
 
 May to see, hear, honor; kev to adore, look up to. Gk. xo/lu, xovvIm 
 
 to observe; euoaxio? watcher of sacrifices, omen taker; Aao-xd/wv 
 watchman of people; d-nouw to [be intent], hear (v. p. 7) ; vii^iJo? omen 
 
 taker, purifier; xdfa^, v.ix6a^, otijii^ sea-bird (keen eye, good-omen). 
 
 Lat. scio to know; scisco, sciscitor to enquire (giksh); scitus neat, exact, 
 well-framed decree; caveo to be vigilant; catttus cautious; causa cause. 
 
 A.S. scedvian to watch, shy; scava watchman; scedvu show; Goth. 
 
 us-skavs watchful; hivi (A. S. hiv, hid) hue, appearance, color; [skuwa], 
 
 skuggva mirror ; O . N . skyn cause (ak f a, p. 2 o 5 ) . R. tzveit color, flower ? 
 
 Mayat to watch for, hope; ^ayanie hope; kuyat to perceive, smell; 
 
 kuvstvo perception. Ir. ad-ciu to see; rem-caissiu foresight; fres-csiu 
 
 hope; de-i-csiu vision; ceas, ces, aware; cit-baid sense; sciant beauty, 
 bloom; scS hawthorn ; 5co//j blossom; Bret, kined beauty; kun beautiful; 
 skoarn ear (p. 243) ; Ir. [scetl], seel story, news {sciscito; scitus), W.chwedl, 
 Corn, whethl, Bret, [ch'whethel], que-hezl; story; W. hoedel life [story]; 
 O. C. Sciili-vissos (sciscitel-fiss, news-knowing). 
 
 Sk. hi to speed, hurl; (i to goad, drive; so (sydmi); sdi, kshai, ksM, 
 kshi to cast down, destroy, perish; kshan, Jian to wound, kill; khan to 
 stab, dig, melting with han to kill, hanus jaw, i. e. the whirl of the 
 tempest and spear unites with the teeth and claws of the wild beast. 
 
 Zd. kaena avenger, vengeance. Gk. [^tvoixat], (jfvo(Jiai to harm, 
 
 ravage, plunder; afvo? hurt, mischief, plague; oivty)? tearing, ravenous; 
 xafvo), XTsivw (nTdnsvat) to kill; otaivf? knife; xteJ? (xteviS?) comb, 
 rake, teeth; ^afvw to scratch, comb wool; ^avaw to be [scraped down], 
 worn out; ^Iw, ^uwto scrape, plane, polish; ^ou96<;[colorof planed wood], 
 
 brov/n, glistening; thin, delicate. O. N. skeyna scratched, wounded; 
 
 [skinna to skin]; skinn skin. R. kesat to card, comb; kinit to cut, 
 
 mend. Ir. scian knife. 
 
 Sk. hu to pour out, dash; hi to speed, hurl; /jw.s to pounce, harm; 
 ghvans to fall, ie\\;kshi, kshi to hurl down, destroy -ykshiv, kshiv to dash 
 out, cast down; kshiv, kshib to be be dashing, drunk, proud; liyu to fall; 
 (i {gayet, gigye, geshydmi) to [cast one 's self, pounce into den], lie down, 
 sleep (cf. jacio, jaceo); cans, gayaydmi to place; gayanam, gayyd bed; 
 gavas, gdvas dead body (cf . cadaver) ; whelp (in den) ; gevas generation, 
 
— 236 — 
 
 joy ; gevadhis treasure ; kshlv, kshiv to dwell ; khai to be firm, established; 
 kshayas fall, destruction ; abode, home ; kdyas house ; body (fdvas) ; ketas 
 home; kshemas habitable, comfortable, lucky; kshi (kskiyami) to 
 dwell; [kshyami] to possess; kshitis dwelling; Myu to fall; Myut to 
 
 dash; Hyus to leave (after pouring). Zd. gaStS he rests, lies. — • 
 
 Gk. xelnat to lie, rest, have a fall, lay up, deposit; %du> to go to bed; 
 xotTY) bed, lair, box, marriage; %si\i.-r}Kiov heir-loom, tre9,sure; cxeooi; 
 possession, tool, goods {gevadhis); xo^jKiw to lie down, sleep, die; 
 a^jupi-xTfovES neighbors; Y.'^i'Qui to colonize, people, found, build, create; 
 XTiais settlement, creature; v.-zm^M to acquire; v.i9\\f.a possession; 
 
 xiiivo? tame animal. Lat. quies, rest; civis (Osc. kevs) citizen; 
 
 clmex bedbug; Caius husband ; Caia wife ; " ubi tu Caius ibi ego Caia"; 
 
 Caia Cae-cilia goddess of home; cf. fa3/ia5= quietus. Goth, heiva- 
 
 frauya head of family; haims village (or gam p. 229) ; hauiih quiet, rest; 
 [havis], hus house; huzd property, treasure; hauns [lying] low; 0. N. 
 
 Mil (plu. hion) family, married people; O. H. G. hiwo husband. R. 
 
 po-koi rest; po-Uit to rest, repose {gi-g1t); seini door-way, home; scot 
 
 cattle, possession; Lith. keimas village (p. 229). Ir. cdin law? scot 
 
 cattle; cdi house, home; cerd-chae workshop; W. cae, Bret, cae, kai 
 enclosure, place of safety, quay; O. C. Ande-cavi; Sir Kay; Scotii; Ir. 
 ciniud, W. cenethl, Ir. cenel family, clan (household). 
 
 Sk. same roots; ki {kinomi, Minve) to hurl, toss together, make 
 cairn (the Celts before battle let each man cast a stone into a cairn, 
 and thus counted living and dead afterward); to cover, bury; nis-E 
 to collect, count, calculate, decide; vi-lei to count loss, investigate, 
 examine; pra-ki to remake, recover; apa-kitas esteemed, honored; 
 Mayas heap, crowd; Mdityam monument, altar; My to honor, observe; 
 Hiy, klv, kib to pick up, take; to [toss upon], cover; khdi to be solid, 
 firm; Mt to [hurl], send; Uit, Hint to calculate, reason, reflect; %elas 
 
 mind; kutas heap; ket, kut to take counsel. Zd. M to gather, seek; 
 
 to [count out, pay], atone; Mtha atonement. Gk. xfwv monument, 
 
 support, pillar {khdi); v.-zitfn to found, build; 'A^iipi-XTUovsi; warders 
 of landmark; [xtEw], xfo) to count, value, honor, pay (cf. [ntf;], tts = 
 quis); tfvu to requite, atone, punish; irdis weregild, vengeance; TijirKia 
 estimation, census; Tt[jii] value, honor; ttiJidw to honor; mfa, oriov 
 
 pebble. Lat. ciere to summon, name (p. 233) ; caementum [building 
 
 material], cement; concinno to construct. 0. H. G. sc&z treasure 
 
 (accumulated, counted) ; Ger. schdtzen to estimate ; A. S. scot assigned 
 
 portion, tax; Goth, skaits coin. Lith. skaityti to gather, pick, count; 
 
 skaitlius number; O. R. tzeina price; tzeinity to estimate; Mnu rank, 
 honor; Mslo number; R. kestit to honor; kitat to read (cf. lesen);Iitit 
 
— 237 — 
 
 to esteem; Min rank. Ir. cinnim to appoint; cin, cinta guilt, crime 
 
 (i;((ji?); cete market; cit-haid reason {ketas); scoth precious, treasure, 
 flower; cit-am May; cit permission; chief; 0. C. Cinna. 
 
 Sk. ki to toss; kd [there goes another], and. Gk. xaJ and. 
 
 Lat. -que, at-que and; [xai sTspot] caeteri all the rest; caeterum except, 
 but. 
 
 Sk. hi Qiinvami) to hurl ; hins (hinsmi) to strike, kill ; han {^aghdna) 
 to [hurl one's self, pounce], injure, kill; ghnas (fern, ghnl) slaying; 
 hanus jaw; hnu, kshnu to tear away, drag off; kshnu to sharpen 
 [teeth, claws]; gnath, knath to strike, kill; [hnup caus. form of 
 hnu]; ghin, ghun to grip, seize; to prowl about, rove; knu, knu 
 to roar, sound; knuy to roar, sound; to be [torn by beast, bloody], 
 wet, rotten; knans to flash out, shine; kanakas golden; kan to kill; 
 to roar; ind to [pounce, grip], apprehend, know; |aw to [grip, beget, 
 
 conceive], be bom. Gk. ^vaiiw to nibble, [pick], gnaw; xvaujjLa slice, 
 
 tidbit; ^^vdo? [pickings], down, bloom; yv&Qoq jaw; greedy; narrow 
 pass, pinch, point, edge; xv(oSaXov wild beast, monster; xviiSwv [tooth], 
 sword-edge, barb; "yvdexTW, xvaxtw to tear, mangle, card wool; xvacpsii?, 
 Yvaepsiis carder, fuller; xvotu, Jivll^w, xviju, xvaSciXXu, xvul^oa) to scratch, 
 scrape, tickle; xvu minute particle; itviBir), xvt(poq nettle; xvul^au 
 to snarl, growl, whine (knu) ; xviaa melting fat, smell of [blood], 
 roasting meat, sacrifice, smoke, steam (knuy); v.vuX,(x, %6vu'C,<x penny- 
 royal, flea-bane; nviitd?, yvitpwv pinching, miserly; stve^aq, yvdipo?, 
 Svdfos (attracted by i;d<po;) [coiling, gripping] darkness; xv£<j) devour- 
 ing insect. Lat. [g]nodus [gripping] knot; genista broom (tight knot, 
 
 tough root) ; [c]nux nut (hard-bite) ; [g]novacula razor (scraper) . 
 
 O. N. hnot (O. H. G. hnuz) nut; hnoss jewel (gripped fast) ; [h]nista to 
 fight; hnefi fist; hntta to strike, wound; hneypta to nip, pluck; hnifr, 
 kntfr (nipper xvcsxtw, Yvdicxw) knife; hnakki neck (gripped, broken, 
 pa/f?); hnoggr niggard; knodha, hnodha to [chew], knead (yvdOo?; 
 of. iiauato); fewj/to to lash, knot, knit; knappr nob, ball, [lad with 
 Suevian topknot; Knapp, Knabe]; snidha to cut {gnath, schneiden); 
 snapa to nibble, eat; sneypa to shame; sndpa to snap, snuff; gnata 
 to dash, crash; gnesta to rage; gnya rushing, raging; gneisti spark 
 (gneiss); Goth, hnutho whip; hniupan to nip, pluck; 0. H. G. hnotdn 
 to strike, shake; A. S. hnoppa nap of cloth; cwa^ a knob; [/twd/;] 
 nape of neck; cnilcl bone; hniiu nit; Awe^c (Goth, hnasqus; ndschen) 
 picked, choice, nice; cm'/ii lad, youth; gnagan to gnaw; [gnista] to 
 
 gnash; gMd< gnat. R- knut whip (tearer, ]^<i<saiSi, V-&a-zi\); knyaz 
 
 [topknot], peak, top, prince; zhneiz [plucker], harvester; po-zhnut to 
 
— 238 — 
 
 reap; zhnivo straw, stubble; sneidat to gnaw; gnida, nigva louse, tick- 
 snap sheaf; gnoi pus {kniiy); gnoit, gnit to suppurate, rot; gnusniy 
 disgusting, horrible; gnat to drip, evaporate, distil; to hunt down- 
 
 gneiv hatred, anger; znoi melting heat (kniiy, xvaiJto). Ir. cnoc 
 
 [gnawing] ulcer; [gnawed] rock, clifiE (Bret, knech high Z. 578); Ir. 
 cned wound; cness skin (scratched); snaisse torn; snaidim to cut- 
 sndidm [gripping] knot; sned louse; nenaid nettles; Tiedit pinching, 
 niggardly; nSit, nedit [clawing], fight, battle (p. 26) ; cniZ (W. cneuen, 
 Bret, knouen, kanouen) nut; W. nedden louse; O. C. Cnod-avus, Cnid- 
 aus. 
 
 Sk. same roots (action of wild beast) ; hnu to pounce, tear, [crouch 
 for spring, lie in wait], hide one's self; knas to be [bowed down], 
 bent; knas to flash out; knu to roar; ghan to flash round; ghin, ghm 
 to grip, prowl, whirl round; ghan, ghant to flash out, speak; gan to 
 [whirl], revolve in mind, [gather], count; ganas flock, crowd; gmas 
 [twisted] cord, rope, wreath; [revolution, recurrence, number of] 
 times; characteristic; gdnu [crouching] knee; abhi-gnu on the knees; 
 
 pra-^nus bow-legged. Zd. zhnu (plu. zanva) knee. Gk. ydvg 
 
 knee; Youvdo(ji.at to kneel; yvu^, xpd-xvu on the knees; J-yvija ham- 
 string, thigh; yuvfo! comer, angle, joiner's square, buttress; '^iw^xni; 
 bent, curved, supple (of legs) ; Yva(i,icT(.), xvafjixTW to bend ; xvoy], xvoOg 
 ankle, hub, squeak of wheel; xvy^ixy) lower leg, shank, spoke of wheel; 
 )ivTf)(j,{? greave, legging, spoke; xvciSa? pivot, [ankle, joint]; xvutcu to 
 
 coil up, sleep. Lat. genu knee; geniculatus knotty, muscular; 
 
 [g\nates thighs, buttocks. Goth, kniu knee; kuna-veda knee-fetter; 
 
 knuss-yan to kneel; hneivan to bow down, sink (xvouq); hnaivyan 
 to press down, humiliate; O. N. knya to throng, press together; km 
 
 knee. R. gnut to twist, bend; gneizdo bunch, twist, nest (melts 
 
 with nidas, p. 25). Ir. cndim [shin-bone], bone ; cwmw worm (coiling); 
 
 gnoe beautiful {ghan) . 
 
 Sk. hnu to lurk in ambush, pounce, seize, carry off; kshnu to 
 sharpen [claws], carry off; ghin, ghun to grip, seize; ghnas slaying; 
 ^nd {£dndmi desid. ^i^ndse, caus. indpaydmi, p. p. ^naptas) to [grip, 
 handle, feel, test, try], perceive, apprehend, know, learn (cf. fvfcwto 
 claw = ^naptas) ; desid. to hunt, track, investigate, learn; caus. to 
 announce, command; anu-^na to [grasp after, fail to catch], let go, 
 permit; ^ndman knowledge, intellect; inds, ^natis acquaintance; 
 
 gndnin wise; -^nas knowing, minded; ^nap to instruct, direct. Zd. 
 
 zan to recognize. Gk. (desid. form) ytYvwaxu (eyvtov) to learn, 
 
 discern, observe, judge, know, understand; yvwai? knowledge; t^^n 
 
— 239 — 
 
 thought, will, opinion; yvdi^t-tiiy judge, rule, tariff; yvwpft^co to make 
 known; YVtiptiio? known; [ylvipu to understand (Hesych.) ; vdogmind? 
 
 Lat. gnosco, nosco to perceive, recognize; novi to know; notio idea, 
 
 perception; nobilis well known, noble; gndrus aware; [g]narrare 
 (0. Lat. gndrigare) to make known, relate; i-gnoro to be ignorant; 
 [g]norma rule ; gnavus [laying hold], energetic ; navare to be diligent ; 
 
 [segniis], segnis lazy (cf. Ir.) ; beni-gnus well-minded. Goth, kunnan 
 
 (kann) to recognize, know ; kunihi knowledge ; kannyan to make known ; 
 O. N. kenna to feel, taste; to perceive, know; kanna to explore, try; 
 kndr skilful, brave ; A. S. cunnian to track, explore ; cunnan to know ; be 
 
 able. O. R. znatito know; znameniye token, ensign; Lith. zhinomas 
 
 known (R. zhnetz [grasper], harvester). Ir. gniim to make, do; gnia 
 
 laborer; as-aith-gniim to know, understand; gndth 'known, accustomed; 
 gnS appearance, likeness; gnMs countenance; nois illustrious, noble; 
 gnds, nds custom; O. C. Su-gnutia good-work (village of armorers); 
 Gnatonis officina;Gnoia; -gnaios. 
 
 Sk. same roots; gdn (gdndmi, gd^anmi p.p. ganitas, ^dtas [kith]) to 
 [grip, carry off, be eager], beget, conceive ; ^an {idye) to be born, become, 
 exist, be; ^ands (diminutive kanakas) man; £anus clan; ^anitri father; 
 |aw« woman, mother; ^anani mother; ganyas groomsman (assistant in 
 carrying off) ; ganyas battle ; ^dtis birth, race ; Vedic. ^wo, later ^dni, 
 
 ^M* woman. Zd. zan to beget; ghSna-woman. Gk. YEVvdu, Yefvo(xat 
 
 to beget, be born; yEyvoiJiat to be born; come into existence, become, be ; 
 Ysvo? race; yeveirijp genitor; YsvsirEtpa genetrix; yevesK; birth, origin; 
 yevvalo? well-born; yuviQ (Yuvacud? dimin. gen.; Boeot. ^av«, ^avir)xi5s) 
 
 woman; ye^wv clansman, neighbor, of kith and kin (idtis). Lat. 
 
 gigno (genui) to beget, create, effect; genus, gens clan; genuinus legiti- 
 mate (pinus Ae&r); genius attendant spirit {^anyas); genialis nnptial; 
 gener son-in-law; [g]nascor to be bom; natus born; natura nature; 
 ingenuus [bom in the house ; of legitimate wife], free-born (xaaf-YVifltos) ; 
 indi-ges (-etis) native-born (^dtis); Gnaeus, Cnaeus (Yevvaio?); [g\nae- 
 
 vus birth-mark, mole; Naevius ^nohle. Goth, keinan to sprout; 
 
 kuni, knods race, kin; qino woman; A. S. cennan to beget, bear; cydhdhu 
 family, home, kith (yeituv); O. H. G. chind offspring; chnuat nature; 
 
 O. N. kv&n, kvaen woman. O. Pmss. ganna, O.R. zhena woman, wife ; 
 
 R. zhenit to marry; zhenikh husband, betrothed; Lith. gentis kinsman; 
 
 gentri husband's brother's wife (cf. ydtri). Ir. ginar to be bom; 
 
 genemain birth; geneti genius, fairy; genmna [marriageable], chaste; 
 gein birth; in-gen [legitimate] daughter; [gvan], &ew woman; W. [banv], 
 banw swine (prolific); Bret, gannein to give birth; O. C. [Genavanni], 
 Genauni nohle; Gent-[v]onius; Matu-gentos; At-gennos; Seno-cenna; 
 
— 240 — 
 
 Cinto-gennus; Cennius; Ir. cenel (W. cenethl) family, race; ciniwl 
 descent; cinim to be descended; O, C. Banvos. 
 
 Sk. han {^aghana) to [pant, pounce], attack, kill ; ghun to prowl, seize; 
 hath to be violent, impetuous; ghat to make an effort; attain, effect; 
 ghatas active; ghatt to reach, touch, play lute; ha (iihd) to go, depart; 
 hi (gighye) to go, send ; hamm to go ; ghut to return ; gd {agam, gigami) to 
 go ; gayas [attainment], home ; gag, gang to attack, fight ; gam (gamdmi, 
 gaUhami) to go; galas gone; gatis journey, refuge; gaghanam thigh, 
 loin; intens. gah to enter, plunge, dive; gahanam depth, chasm; gahXo 
 be dense (forest). Gk. §«tvw to go (form gav, gva); a-^aTo? inac- 
 cessible; §7)[ji.« step ; ^wtAO? step, altar; ^tqXo? threshold, height; PegriXo; 
 
 trampled, profane; ^OTt? foot, pedestal; ^dSpov step; ^e^aio? firm. 
 
 Lat. beta (adbito, rebito) to go; [ghun, gvenid], venio to come; Umbr. 
 
 venust =venerit; Osc. kim-bened = convenit. Goth, qiman to come; 
 
 (cf. qiihrs = venter) ; qums, qumths arrival; O. H. G. queman, koman to 
 come; 6J.gM^mJ comfortable (arrival home; p. 227); Goth, redup. goggoB 
 
 to go; O. Sax. gdn, gangan (cf. han, ghun, gihd). Lith. zhengiu to 
 
 stride; zhuvu to come. 
 
 Sk. hi {gighye) to dash, hurl, shoot, protect, [stretch one's self up], 
 grow greater; kshiv, kshlv to drive out, take possession; hve to call; 
 ghu, gdi to roar, shout, sing; geyas chant; gev to worship; gu, ^esh, 
 geh, gyu to speed; gyut to flash; gyd bow-string; gyd to [tremble], be 
 old; gi {gaydmi, gigdya) to triumph, conquer, win; gyd force, con- 
 fidence; gydyas better, best; gayas victory; ginv to exhilarate; ^etri 
 victor; git, gishnus victorious; [gavas], gdus ray of light, eye, heaven, 
 
 earth. Zd. gya bow-string; gi to control, master. Gk. yo(w, yTjOeu 
 
 (yiy-qQa) to rejoice, exult; dt-yau^? illustrious, glorious; fav&a, yavuiiiai; 
 [yafi6e(i)], yQeiu to rejoice, smile, be glad, glitter; [ifafpo?], ifaGpo; 
 skittish, exultant, proud; yfyaq giant (gighye); ysToov high ornament, 
 cornice, vizor; ycdx earth (fruitful, rejoicing); xalo<; shepherd's stafE 
 (hi) ; X"^'"? valiant, good; xmI the good men of old; [Y/to?], pt6i;bow 
 (flashing, twanging); §(« force; ^taa) to force, control; pipaw to stride 
 proudly; ^t^dl^w to whirl up, exalt, beget; ^aioq [sprouting], infant, 
 
 little. Lat. Gaius ardent, joyftil; gavia sea-mew; [gavidheo], gaudeo 
 
 (gavisus) to rejoice ; gesso to effect ; gesturio to be eager (gesk) ; gesiiculor 
 
 (gishnus; v. p. 231). Goth, us-kiyan to sprout, grow; 0. N. k^, 
 
 kdtr joyful; kynsl marvel enchantment; kvidha trembling, fear; A. S. 
 
 cine eager, bold; cSndhu boldness. Lith giye [bow]-string, snare; 
 
 zhuvu to speed ; zhuvis fish ; R. zhezl sprout, rod, sceptre (gighye) ; zhulho 
 with an effort; gik! war shout. Ir. gessim to be eager, beg, entreat, 
 
— 241 — 
 
 itter oracle (p. 231); gas, gasne sprout; gasta prancing, brisk; gasced 
 veapon, valor; gai spear; W. gei foam; geian ardor, zeal; Bret. 
 ',oein to ferment; 0. C. gaison javelin; Gaiso-rix; Gains mountain; 
 7avius, Gavinius; Gawain (swift, impetuous); Gei-dumni; Goidheli 
 [rish (Yir)6l<i) cf . gu infra) . 
 
 Sk. same roots; |m, ^yu to speed, be eager; ^avas, ^avdnas, ^uvas 
 speed; ^iv {^ivdmi; caus. iivaydmi, desid. gi^ivishami), to live, revive, 
 seek life ; ^Ivas living ; ^ivathas life ; ^ivdtu life, victuals ; £inv to be lively, 
 
 •efresh. Zd. ^t, ^iv to live; ^ivya living. Gk. §fo?, pfoTo?, ^toTi^ 
 
 ife, livelihood, way of life, victuals; ^tdw (Epic fut. ^do\i.(xi) to live. 
 
 Lat. vivo (vixi) to live; vlvidus lively; vivisco to quicken, revive; 
 
 ilvus living; vita; victus manner of life, food; viciima (emo) [ransom of 
 ife], atonement, sacrifice; vitricus [conceding life, supporting], step- 
 
 'ather (cf. spurius). Goth, qius living; ga-qiuyan, ga-qiunan to 
 
 ijuicken, give life; O. H. G. quek living; O-N-kveikya to enliven, kindle; 
 
 'ivika to move; kvistr sprout; 'Eng. quick, quiver, quake, quaver. O.R. 
 
 'Mvan to live; zhivu alive; zhivotu life; R. so-zhigat to bum; Lith. 
 
 lyvenu I live; gyvas living, gyvata life, support. Ir. blu, b4o alive; 
 
 leothu, bethu (gen, bithad =bivatat) life ; biad (gen. bifith) living, victuals; 
 lelt-both provender; bith world, generation, age; ever, forever; beos 
 intil; W. byw living; bywyt life; bwyd victuals; Bret, guiik. lively, gay; 
 livin, ivin [quick], nail ; ivin [long-lived] yew ; [vivinelld\,guignelswaX[ow ; 
 juhez life ; bet, bita until ; bith-quez [bith-co-des] eternal ; 0. C. bitu world; 
 Bitu-riges, Bituitus, Bitullus; Bieius, Bienna, Bivonia; Vivenna, 
 Vienna (lovely life, spring;- Vivian enchantress of Merdhyn, Merlin 
 ihe dying winter). 
 
 Sk. hu to pour out; hd to dash out; pour, empty; hveto utter, call; 
 'tdvas murmur, lure ; kham [breath], mouth, nose, air; [pouring] wound ; 
 ihu to utter ; ghush to proclaim ; khu to sound ; kshu to sneeze ; ku, kU, 
 'zdi to sound, groan; knu, kun to sound; konas plectrum; kuns to flash 
 Dut, speak; kuk to scream; kun^ to sound; kH^, to pipe, sing; gu (iogu) 
 :o utter, praise; gu^ to pipe; gun£ to murmur; Gdus speech, goddess of 
 
 ;loquence. Gk. §odM to shout; ^015 shout; Yoau to groan, lament; 
 
 fdr)? ventriloquist, wizard; yoYjTiQ? waller; Y0Yif6!;w to murmur; xwxiw 
 
 ;o wail; v.ot^bi to squeak, grunt; otoa^ croaking of frogs. Lat. boere, 
 
 Mvare, reboare, to shout; bovlndri to hoot; [kava, kva] in-quam say; 
 
 :oaxo to croak. Goth, qithan to speak; qithlo speech, saying; O.N. 
 
 ivHha to shout, ring out; kvaedhi poem; kvedhya to greet; kvidha song; 
 
 ividhr oath (cf. svdran p. 155) ; Eng. to squeak, quack. O. R. govoru 
 
 ihout ; R. govorit to speak; goveit to worship. Ir. guth voice; gd false; 
 
 16 
 
— 242 — 
 
 gdach mendacious (cf. (j^fBupo?, il^suSoq); O. C. Goidheli Irishmen 
 (kvidha, kvidha; p. 241) ; Gut-ruatros mighty voice {ruathar). 
 
 Sk. gu, ngu to utter, [bellow]; gaus, go bull, cow; voice, speech 
 
 (cf . vacca, vox) ; gavyas bovine ; gavalas buffalo. Gk. [y/au?], poOi; 
 
 (^ofd?) bull, cow; yalos, yaid? ox (Hesych.); ^ou^aXo? buffalo (/gXo? 
 
 swamp). Lat. bos (bovis) ; bovinus, bofarius. A. S. ciJ, 0. N. M, 
 
 O.H. G. chuo cow. O.R. govendo =bos; R. govyadina beef. ^Ir.Jd 
 
 (plu. M), W. buck (plu. 6m), Bret, ftwoc/s cow; 0. C. BM-wwia white cow. 
 
 Sk. |m to speed; ^m^/i to seek out, be eager, exhilarate, desire, 
 love; iushtis favor; ^oshas content, enough; Hesht to seek for, strive; 
 
 kush to suck; [ghans], ghas, gaksh to eat. Zd. zusta agreable, chosen; 
 
 2ao5/ja desire ; zushdea-r. Gk. yeuco to give a taste; yeijojiat to taste, 
 
 enjoy, experience; ysuffts sense, taste; 7sO(j,a flavor, food. Lat. 
 
 de-gunere, gustare to taste ; gustus taste. Goth, kiusan to try, choose; 
 
 kusius trial, approval; O. N. kostr choice, lot, excellence; feow kiss; 
 
 O. H. G. kost food; A. S. cedsan to choose, cedvan to chew. R. 
 
 zhevat to chew; zhvaHka cud. Ir. [do-gu], to-gu to choose. 
 
 Sk. hu to pour out ; hud to heap ; M (forms Mit, Hint, Mr) to toss 
 together, heap up, [cover with earth, leaves, boughs, straw, to thatch], 
 to cover (in general); Mty, Miv to cover; kiitas heap; kutis hut; sku 
 to cover; khatt, khud to cover; Uhut to heap; Uhad to cover, shelter, 
 shade, protect, bring up children, hide; Mhadas leaf, wing; khadis 
 roof; Iihadman hiding, metamorphosis; Miatras umbrella; kutis hut; 
 kutas jug; kut, kuU to [turn spit], broil, bum; ^witobe bent; kund to 
 guard, keep; kundas pot; kundalam ring; kunt, kund to be whirled, 
 wrenched; kshvid to let fly, twang, sound; kit to wrap, bind; kitas 
 worm; kat to cover; katakas ring-wall, camp, town; kathinas round 
 vessel, basket; concrete, packed down; kathini chalk; kat to go [round, 
 down]; katas twist, wisp, side, loin, temple of head (xotoE); kat-dkshas 
 looking sideways; kudd coiled hair, crest; gath to [whirl, twist], vex, 
 hurt, cheat; fand to roll up, heap; to be sick; (melt with p. 213); 
 
 hud, hund to heap. Gk. m.i& shadow; uxtdw to shade; oxtd? arbor, 
 
 canopy, rotunda; ctxtjviq tent; axdTo? darkness, shade; cxOto?, xuto? 
 hide, skin; Ixiaxuviov brow, forehead; cxuOpwxdc; gloomy, brooding; 
 xaToe down, parallel (katas); xottvo? wild-olive (shade-tree)? xeuOw to 
 hide; xoOopvo? high-shoe; xdO-oupo? drone (hide-sting, p. 208); xavOriXia 
 paniers; xdv6<ov donkey; xdvOapo? bowl; v.eax6<; girdle; xdSo; jar. — 
 Lat. ob-scurus shaded, dark; scutum shield; cutis skin; castra camp 
 (kund, katakas); custos guard; casta rib; cista chest; castanea chest- 
 
— 243 — 
 
 ut; caetra round shield; cantus felloe; cassis hunting-net; helmet. 
 
 .. S. sciia, scuva, scadu shadow, darkness; sciki ghost; scyttan to shut, 
 )ck; heodhu hood, interior of hall; hydan to hide; hydh harbor; hyd, 
 M hide, skin; O. N. sky cloud, heaven, sky (melts with p. 232) ; sk'Ati 
 rojection, brim; skyti shelter; hoddar treasure; hoitr roof, hat; Goth. 
 'muts bosom, border; Eng. to squint, askance to glance obliquely; 
 
 fer. Schanz corner (katakshas, v.ax&). R. shkit shield; skater tent; 
 
 utat to wrap ; kast [enclosure], portion, possession ; kastokol palisade ; 
 
 astiy crowded, dense, tufted; ktidri curl; kandali chains. Ir. sciath 
 
 aield, wing ; scdth shadow ; scathdn mirror (shadowing) ; ceo mist, cloud ; 
 ydal hide; cathir (gen. cathrach) walled town; W. scuit shield; cawat 
 ark tempest; cantal brim, circumference; coed forest; Corn, couat 
 loud; Bret, kudennek gloomy; sked shadow, ghost; sko-farn [shield], 
 uter ear {fern, p. 193); koed forest; O. C. Caturactonium; Codonius. 
 
 Sk. same roots [to wrap, round, twist] 5«iv9apo? round cup, tumble- 
 ug ; xctvGo? felloe ; vwoSwv bowl ; harbor ; xwStov sheep-skin ; xtoSsia poppy- 
 ead; xciSwv bell; xuSuvictw to globe, swell; xuSwvtov quince; xottE? 
 
 Dund head; xotiiXiQ hollow, cup, socket; xutos hollow, hold, jar. 
 
 lat. cadus jar; codex log, roll, scroll; cauda tail; catinus, catillus bowl, 
 
 late; catena chain. Goth, hethyo inner room, closet; 0. N. haedh 
 
 ■ound] hill. R. kotel pot ; kotelniy vault ; katat to roll ; katok cylinder. 
 
 — Ir. cuthe pit, den; cud, cendhea,A (/.uScivtov; melts with [fMW, quen], 
 ?nn; W. penn head); Cond-la-cend head of day (sun. Bran); O. C. 
 'oitios; cond poll, citizen; Condo, Condo-magus. 
 
 Sk. gath to wreathe, adorn; gand to heap, round up, pile; galam 
 
 I heap of pebbles], a hundred. Zd. gatem. Gk. Ixaxdv hundred 
 
 | = gv); Sta-x6(jiot, Dor. Sia-xaTt'ot two-hundred; Tpta-xovxa thirty 
 
 bhree heaps of ten). Lat. centum; du-centi; cento [heap], rag-bag, 
 
 atch-work; [tri-cintd], tri-ginta thirty. Goth, hunda; 0. N. hund- 
 
 2dh=a. round [pile of a] hundred. 'O.R. [gento, sento], suto hundred; 
 
 lith. shimtas {m irregularly for anusvara). Ir. cet; W., Bret, cant, 
 
 ant a hundred; O. C. candetum land-measure a hundred ells square. 
 
 Sk. hu to pour out; hud to pile up, heap; ghat to [roll, wrap], 
 ring ends together, join, unite, form, gather; ghata amphora; gadh 
 D frame, join; ghanas round, fat, dense; khatt, khud to cover; khut 
 3 heap; ^hat, iat to heap, twist; iatd twisted hair; iatrus collar-bone; 
 atharas intestines, belly; iadas [coiled up, hibernating], cold, dull; 
 unth, gund, gudh to cover; gud to protect; gudas, gutika globe; l,ud 
 3 hind; kiid to be solid. Gk. xctQut to coil up, draw in, shrink, retire; 
 
— 244 — 
 
 XavSavu to contain, restrain, control; (jxa!^w to stop, stay; o^ciSuv 
 larva (coiled); axeSio? near; ox^Sdv almost; yoSa (Maced.) entrails; 
 dc-YaeSs ball of yarn; x6vipo<; lump, grit, gristle; yfctaz-tip belly, hollow, 
 womb, jar; xakri long hair, foliage; ^awv tunic, cuirass, shoe. — - 
 
 Lat. gesto to be pregnant, wear, carry; [^]venter belly. A. S. go- 
 
 dherian to gather; to-gddere together; M.H.G. gaH^rew to summon, en- 
 close; Goth, gatvo public place; street (ghat); qithus, 0. N.kvidhr 
 belly, womb; Eng. gut; to cttddle {jghata, gud) ; A. S. cote, 0. N. hot cot, 
 
 cote; A. S. geatve equipment. R. zhidkiy flexible; [wrung out], 
 
 Hquid; gad reptile; god circling year; gustoi tufted, dense; godniy 
 fitting, convenient. Ir. goiste snare, trap; W. gwistel [bond], host- 
 age; Bret, gadoen withe; godein to wrap, fold, tuck; guentel womb; 
 0. C. Con-geistlos. 
 
 Sk. hd to dash out, empty ; w'-Zia to exhaust, yawn; kham mouth, air, 
 sky; gandas jaw, cheek; han (^agkan) to pounce, kill; hanus jaws 
 ghin, ghun to seize. Gk. xa^vu, xaav-ui to gape, yawn; ^avSii? yawn- 
 ing, roomy; x&Q^a open mouth, chasm; x^o? gulf, void, chaos (melts 
 with /su; kham) ; XW'Q yawning ; cockle-shell ; x^vviq wide-mouthed fish; 
 XaiJvo? gaping, empty, frivolous, foolish, porous ; ^fioiJiai to [pant after], 
 be angry; X'^'^^'^ to desire; x'^'^^^^ to need, lack; xt/sw, xi^ivB to 
 
 [pant after], catch, overtake, hit. Lat. hio to yawn; inhio tohag 
 
 for; hiatus yawning; hisco to gape; fiscus [hollow] rush; fistula pipe; 
 /oiMM5[gaping]fool;/aiMcorto[yawn],crack;/i?5.SM5 [yawning], weary; o/" 
 /aim [full-mouth], in abundance ;fastidium {taedium) weariness, vanity, 
 satiety (xavSo?) ; fastus vanity, pride ; fames [gaping] hunger; famelicus 
 hungry; hinnio to whinny (eagerness) ; hinnuleus fawn (bleating). 
 
 0. H. G. gtem, ginem, to yawn; O. N. gina to yawn; ginnunga-gap 
 
 chaos; gd to be eager [for prey], watch closely; (redup., of. %\fiM 
 gagn booty, gain, victory; gegna to aim at anything, intend; gegn 
 opposite, mouth to mouth (coram) ;giska to guess (snap at, catch) ; Goth. 
 ga- prefix of eagerness, action, seizing, accomplishment; du-ginnm, 
 
 A. S. bi-ginnan to begin. 0. R. ziyati, zeyati, zinanti, R. zeivai 
 
 to yawn; R. khoteit to desire (^aTso)) ; Lith. zhioyu to open the mouth; 
 
 zhiotis chasm. Ir. gin open mouth; gann, gand [empty], scarce; 
 
 ganem sand (xauvo?). 
 
 Sk. hanus, gandas mouth, jaw. Gk. yivuqjaw, cheek, [biting] axe- 
 edge ; ylvsiov jaw, cheek, chin, beard ; yvdOos jaw, wedge ; x^vSpo? groat. 
 
 Lat. gena jaw, cheek; gaweo devourer, glutton. Goth.kinnusj&v, 
 
 chin. R. gon-kii hunting-dog; gonka chase; reprimand (biting, nag- 
 ging) ; gonenie persecution. Ir. gin, giun mouth; gen smile (showing 
 
— 245 — 
 
 ;eeth); genum [edge of] sword; geinn wedge; gonim to wound; guin 
 vound; W. genou, Corn, genau, Bret. gSneu mouth; O. C. Con-gonius, 
 7on-gonmis sword-mate; Genava, Genavum, Genabum, Cenabum jaw, 
 bridge] of river at Geneva, Orleans, of. Ylipupa=jaw, bridge (the piles 
 ire teeth); Ceno-mani (also rovoii-ctvoi), good-swords. 
 
 Sk. hanus, gandas jaw; ghin, ghun to [bite, grip], grasp, seize (of 
 mid animal) ; hastas hand, elephant's trunk; hath to be violent; ghatt 
 to grasp, touch, shake, strike; ghat to grasp, mold; ghatas jar; gadh to 
 
 a;rasp, shape; to reach after, desire; khad to eat.-^ Gk. ^avSavu to 
 
 jrasp, hold, be strong; oxeSfa frame-work, raft, scaffold; oxe8(5v at 
 
 tiand, hard by, near, almost. Lat. pre-hendo to grasp ; [prehendium], 
 
 prandium early-bit, handful, breakfast without table; hedera ivy 
 (encircling) ; hoedus kid (browsing, devouring) ; hasta spear (firmly 
 grasped) ; hostia sacrifice, victim (acceptable, received by divine hand, 
 pledge of atonement) ; hostis public enemy, dedicated to gods of hell ; 
 
 [ad\, af-fatim in plenty (handful). O. N. geta to grasp, comprehend, 
 
 think, be strong, [sieze, hold], beget; geit goat; goti husband; geta 
 prey, food; gdta [hard-knot], riddle; gdtt gate; gedh courage, spirit; 
 gestr guest (received, protected) ; goedhi [grasped, desired] goods, 
 possessions, advantages; godhr, gdtt good; godhi [controller], officer; 
 godh god, idol; Gudh God; Goth, gods good; gudya priest; O. H. G. 
 
 gunst favor. R. zhadniy eager, hungry; redup. zhazhdat to thirst; 
 
 gotovit to arrange, prepare; gadit to soil [with hand]; gadat to guess, 
 divine. Ir. ged (W. gwydd) [open-mouthed] goose; gdeth compre- 
 hending, wise; gataim to snatch, steal; Bret, gad rabbit (begetting); 
 0. C. gadal wanton; Gedus, Gedhdhius. 
 
 Sk. han to [pounce], harm; hanus, gandas jaw; hastas hand; hat to 
 flash; hath to be violent; ghun, ghin, to grasp, seize; ghan, ghant to 
 flash out, be eager, speak; gadh to desire; gddhas violent; gandhas 
 [breath], scent; gadh to desire; ghas to eat; kshudh to hunger; gandh 
 to [bite], vex, hate; khand, kand to cleave, crush; khdd to devour; 
 kutt, Mhut, Mhid, to tear, split; hind to speed, revile; het to hunt, assail; 
 heth to [shoot], be lucky, strong; hetis arrow; hetus motive; khdd to huri; 
 skand to pounce, leap, be exhausted, beget; skund to leap, heave; skhad 
 to tear, taste; Kand to flash out, shine; f ad to [leap down], fall, perish; 
 to fell; eath to vex, kill; gat to [pounce into], sit down; satt to [hurl], 
 shoot, be strong, dash out, give, [pounce into], dwell; sad to speed, 
 go; sad to [plunge into], occupy, sit down; ni-sad to strive toward, 
 make an effort; pra-sad to be desirous, propitious; sadman home; san 
 to seek, desire, attain, love ; sand [attainment, old age], always; sadh to 
 
— 246 — 
 
 attain, conquer, accomplish, acquire; syand to run, speed, flow; 
 sidh to attain, succeed, be lucky, go; Sindhus the Indus; siid to excite, 
 incite, [hurl], kill. 
 
 Sk. hanus, gandas jaw; gandh to [bite], vex, hate; khad khdd to 
 devour; khit to scare; kanthas maw; gath, Mat to pounce, hurt; kand to 
 [bite], cleave; Mand to be angry; hod, Mud, khiM to [pounce], dive, 
 
 butt, vex, revile ; Aoin robber. Gk. ostiivSaXov [jaw], trap, trigger- 
 
 ffxijl^oiJiat to be angry ; axul^au to be in a heat, to bark. Lat. catulus 
 
 whelp (tearing). O. N. gandr wolf, dragon; gMhr war; kotr wild- 
 cat; Goth, qistyan to destroy. Lith. gandinu to terrify; kandu to 
 
 bite; R. kot cat. Ir. cdid fierce, wild; cat, caitin cat, kitten. 
 
 Sk. gandas mouth; gandhas [panting], scent, odor; gandharva sylph, 
 
 Muse; gad to speak out, thunder; gadas speech. O. N. kiot savory 
 
 food, meat; kdtr eager, merry. Lith. gyedmi to sing; zhadas speech, 
 
 nod. Ir. gudim (perf. ro-gad) to pray. 
 
 Sk. skand to pounce , fall ; gad to fall ; khand to bite ; kanth tobe hurt; 
 Hand to be angry; kund to sharpen [claws]; Mud to drive, goad; to to 
 claw, tear, scorn, scorch, bum; Mat, kut, Mun, kunt to bite, break, grind; 
 Man, Man to harm; Mut, kund to bum; kunth to be torn, mutilated; 
 Mhut to cleave; kshud to crush, grind; kshudras small; kshmdh to be 
 hungry; khund, khdd to be lame ; kantakas thorn; kunth to strike, hurt, 
 injure, kill ; [hetis arrow] ; khit, khet to scare ; kad to be scared ; khid to be 
 hurt, vexed; khdd to shoot; Mat to kill; gath to hurt, kill; gatrus 
 
 enemy; kshdtras warrior; Thracian Kdtus destroyer. Gk. nijm 
 
 to be lame; xsvtpov goad, spur, sting, quill, spike; xevtIm to goad, 
 stab, sting; KevT-aupo? sharp wind goading clouds; 5iav6ap(? stinging, 
 blistering fly; xotsu to hate, be angry; xotto? [wild-force]; miulloiiai 
 to be angry; xoTtvo? wild-olive (grudging fruit) ; xiqSuto hurt, distress; 
 xiiSo? trouble, care; xeSvds careful; xesTpa pick; xlarpo? dart; 
 xajTwp beaver (tree-gnawer) ; ^ouOdq thin, delicate, polished, planed, 
 
 yellow. Lat. cado to fall; caedo to fell, cut; castigo to scourge; 
 
 caterva {arv, p. 117) squadron; contus pike, pole; ci-cairix scar, weal; 
 
 CMfzo to strike, hurl ; in-cudem anvil (kshud). Goth, skathyan to injure; 
 
 hatan, hatyan to hate; O. N. [s]kasta to hurl, cast; [s]k6tr wild-cat 
 (pouncer) ; hiti heat (kund) ; hitta to hit with arrow, strike mark; 
 A. S. hettan, hetian, hentan, hendan, huntian to shoot, goad, chase, 
 hunt; O. H. G. hezan to chase, drive, hetzen; Goth, us-hinthan iQS&w, 
 (claw), take prisoner; hunths capture; handus hand; hansa band^ 
 company; A. S. hind, hindan, Goth, hindana, 0. H. G. hintam 
 
— 247 — 
 
 [to chase, force; drive from] behind (cf. post, spedists, spustya p. 49); 
 Goth, heito heat, fever; haithi; [burned, blasted], waste land; haithns 
 desolate, ravaging, wild, heathen; O. N. haedhinn mocking; hddhr 
 slain; haettr threatening ; /jod/f battle ; Hddhr hlind force; heidhir hawk; 
 skodha to aim, scout; A. S. scedhdhan to scathe, harm; scedtan to 
 
 shoot. R. kidat, skidat to pounce, snatch, hurl, rush; kist claw; 
 
 sMetka [scratcher], brush; kisten slung-shot; khvatat to seize; khvat 
 
 thief. Ir. cath battle ; scath, scoth, hero, shoot, sprout, bloom; scothaim 
 
 to cut; W. cat, cad, Bret, kad- battle; Bret, kentr spur; kaz hate; 
 0. C. Cad-catis wild-cat; Cathu-bodua battle-fury; Cat-maglos, Catu— 
 maros; Scotti. 
 
 Sk. khad to tear, split; kutt, Mhut, Uhid, Uat to split; skhad to tear; 
 
 kshiid to crush. Zd. gUid to split, break. Gk. <sx&lf>i to slit; 
 
 axf'^w to split, divide ; axtvBdXaiJLos splinter, shingle; <riiX,(x\aXh.,s'p\m\,QV, 
 spear; (j/ISy) tablet; xlvSuXa adze; xeSotwuiAi, axeSdvvutJit, to burst, 
 shiver, shed, scatter, disperse (transitive and intransitive); yll^a, 
 
 groats; (jxOtos hide ; (rf.uii\t\ club (crushing). Lat. scindo to split, 
 
 tear; scandula shingle; scintilla spark. Goth, skaidan to rend, 
 
 divide; O. N. skati shedding blood; A. S. scateran to split, burst, rattle, 
 scatter; scite thin slice, sheet; Ger. scheitern to spht, wreck; Scheit 
 
 split wood; schinden to flay. Lith. skeidzhu to divide; skeidra 
 
 clapboard; R. skitatsya to prowl, rove. Ir. caithim to devour 
 
 {co-ithimt) ; cdithigud depreciation; cdith chafE; scaithim, scothaim to 
 hew, lop off. 
 
 Sk. skand to pounce, leap, make an effort, generate, pour out, leave 
 behind, be exhausted; skund to leap, heave; gath to pounce, vex; lie in 
 
 wait, cheat; gad, gat to fall, perish. Gk. cxeSti!vvu[i.i to rout, scatter; 
 
 oxd(t;w to drop; cfx,tv6o<; diving; %<xl,(i\).a.\. (xsxdSovTo) to fall back, be 
 
 exhausted. Ijat.scando to [make an effort], climb; incedo to march 
 
 proudly; cado to fall. O. N. histr race-horse; hastr haste; skynda 
 
 to speed; A, S. sceadd shad (migrating); 0. Ger. Scandia fish-land, 
 
 Norway. Lith. skendu to sink. Ir. scendim to leap, start, burst 
 
 out; sceinm a start; Scandlan; scannrad terror, confusion; O. C. 
 Scandio [rushing] river. 
 
 Sk. skand to leap forth; Mnd to flash out, shine, delight; kandras 
 moon; kund to bum; kad to ask eagerly; katth to glorify, praise, boast ; 
 kath to speak; hand to call, cry; kan to shine; Mhandas desire; gat, 
 
 gath, gad to praise, wheedle. Gk. y,wi:(XX&) to wheedle, chatter; 
 
 xctSapos hot coal (Hesych.) ; ^avOdq yellow, golden, blonde; Kicrcup flash- 
 
— 248 — 
 
 ing; the morning-star; Median xtivSus, xavSiijct), Lydian cdvSu^ splendid 
 robe; (rdvSu?, aavSapajcir) vermilion, pink; xdvwicov [white-face], elder- 
 blossom. Lat. candeo to shine; candidus shining, white; candela 
 
 candle; incendo to kindle; per-contor to question eagerly. Goth. 
 
 ■ [hatsyan], hazyanto praise ; O.N.skati dashing, generous. R. shatatsya 
 
 to flicker, whirl, waver, roam; sMedrii [dashing gifts around], liberal; 
 
 skazat to say, report; skazanie legend, story. Ir. cennach [eager] 
 
 business, purchase; ceide, c^e market; condud, W. cynnud, Bret. 
 queuneudenn fire-wood; W. cynneu to kindle, light; cant, cann shining; 
 Bret, kann full-moon; O. C. Canto-rix; Cantara bright current; canta- 
 brum standard {berim to bear) ; Cantabri; Canto-bennon white peak; 
 Cantion (of. Albion). 
 
 Sk. kshvidh to be hungry; kud, kud to eat eagerly, be childish. 
 
 Eng. squid bait; to [s]quid eat as animal, drop food; quid mouthful; 
 
 cud; to coddle feed child; to cuddle. Lith. kudikas baby; kudek 
 
 boy; R. kado child; shkadit to coddle. 
 
 Sk. Had, Hat to ask eagerly; katuras eager, brisk, pretty (adding 
 vri to desire) ; katur, Hatvaras [outstretched hand, fingers], four; Katur- 
 thas fourth; Matus, katur four times; Matvaras [outstretched] canopy, 
 
 awning. Zd. Mathware four. Gk. zssaapeq; TerapToi;; xerpixt?; 
 
 Boeot. TceTTapa?; Aeol. iceauupeq four; Gk. [Te]Tpo(-T:6l^a [four-foot] table. 
 
 Lat. quatuor; quartus; quater. Goth, fidvor; A.S. fydher; 0. N. 
 
 fydrer four. O. Bulgar. ketveru; 0. R. Hetyriye; ordinal Ueivntiy; 
 
 Lith. keturi; ord. ketvirtas. Ir. cethir; W. petguar, pedeir; Bret. 
 
 peder, pevar; O. C. petor-ritum four-wheel [wagon]; Petru-corii four 
 hosts. 
 
 Sk. gad to [leap], fall, fell; sad {saddmi, sadaydmi) to go; a-sadio 
 approach, attack, seize; sadyas immediately; sadas convention; soda 
 
 [forward motion], always. Gk. dSd?, oiSd? way; oSsuw to wander; 
 
 dSos, ouSd? [attainment], threshold, limit, death; oijSa?, ISaipo; earth, 
 
 floor, pavement. Lat. super-sedeo to pass by, omit; soldjlea sandal, 
 
 slipper; so[d]lum ground; sedulus {sadaydmi^ diligent, brisk; sedum 
 
 {thrifty'], live-forever. 0. N. sedhr at once, immediately. 0. R. 
 
 khoditi to go; khodu advance; R. kliod march, procession, road. 
 
 Ir. sd[d]l, saltlae heel; 0. W. sodleu heels. 
 
 Sk. sddh to reach, succeed, effect, win, conquer; sddhanas wealth; 
 sddhus profitable, good; a merchant, sage; sddhyas perfection; syand 
 to run, flow; syandanas chariot; Sindhus swift, the Indus; sidh, satt 
 
— 249 — 
 
 o go, succeed, shoot straight, hit the mark; to [make an effort, seize 
 or one's self], drive out, repel; siddhas perfect, holy, lucky, happy; 
 :uiding genius; sidhus, gidhus rum; [svad], sud to goad, drive, hurl, 
 iestroy; sudanas slayer; sunas slaughter; [svan], san to seek, attain, 
 
 Dve, pray. Gk. amWkiov [quick-step], sandal; ffiSr) pomegranate 
 
 fortunate, emblem of fertility); [(j]i6us, eibiq straight, direct, well- 
 imed; {Guu to dash right forward, be impetuous; fedvu, efiOiivw to 
 im straight, steer, direct, rule; iOvo? isadh,[sadh]) bevy, flight of birds, 
 warm, drove, band of men, tribe, people; IGu to follow duty, habit; 
 9(1), r^Oo? natural bent, drift, disposition, habit; ■^6eio<; honored 
 
 eader]; iqfOeos youth (direct, resolute, migrating). Lat. sidus 
 
 .ucky] star, [lode star], constellation; as-slduus pushing forward; 
 on-sidero to take aim, watch; de-sidero to look at goal, long for; [hetis, 
 etis, setis], seta, sentis [arrow], thorn; sentus bristling, shaggy; sodes 
 ouse up! try! (sud); sudes [pike], sharp stake; sentina fetid pool, 
 ilge water (expelled) ; sentio to be keen, eager in pursuit, scent out, 
 
 erceive (see p. 9 ; cf . sagio, sagitta ; or Ir. sant yearning, p. 2 29) . Goth. 
 
 andyan, O. H. G. sendan to send; Goth, [sinthan, sinnan to go, travel, 
 rander]; thrim-sintham three [trips], thrice; ga-sinthya companion, 
 hief's company (Gesinde); sinteins daily [march]; seithus [end of 
 larch], late; thana-seiths further, more; [seidan to stretch out, reach 
 fter, extend], (side, Seite, Saite) ; anda-sets [bristling against], horrible, 
 ntsetzlich; sidus [wonted way], custom; sundro [his own course], 
 part; suns [quick step], at once; O. N. sinna to go, be eager, active; 
 inn auspicious moment ; sinni comrades ; course , way of thinking ; seidhr 
 nchantment ; seidh-kona enchantress ; syna to point the way, forebode ; 
 ynaz to appear; synn, syndhr manifest ; synda to swim; sund pool, nar- 
 Dw water (water-way; cf . fiordhr) ; synd sin (one's own way, obstinacy, 
 efiance); stdhir at last; sidhr long; sidhr custom ("^Bo?); sidh-venya 
 
 abit; A. S. svadhu track, way. R. sudno hoaX {syand, sUd); sudak 
 
 fish; sudba fortune, destiny; stidit to plan, direct, judge; sudar [direc- 
 
 Dr], sir (tq6sTo?) ; sani sledge. Ir. side fairy; siih-brug fairy mansion; 
 
 ith [safe-road], peace; sidh, W. hydd stag, Bret, heizez doe (pursued; 
 Dod luck) ; Ir. sSt, W. hint, Bret, hent track, road ; Ir. sStig [companion], 
 ife; sonn, Bret, sonn stake (sudes) ; Bret, sind prop; Ir. den-sist once; 
 Inim to stretch out, reach ; seta long, tall ; sMim to pant after, breathe ; 
 mnim to hunt, drive; sain desirable, one's own; set treasure; sethr, 
 I. hydr, Bret, hedr, hezr audacious, bold; Bret, sidan wren; sidre 
 der (sidhus); Ir. sith a thrust; sithfe a pole; a leader (pushing on); 
 ret. het desire; hentad throng; hantein to haunt; hentein to lengthen; 
 id length; O. C. Sidonius tovtumX&; Sido-loucos; Sedulius, Sedanus; 
 entona; Santones (yearning, world's end) ; Setrius, Sentrius, Sentro. 
 
— 250 — 
 
 Sk. sadh to attain, reach end, win; pra-sannas propitious (p.p. of 
 sad); san to attain, seek, love; worship, .yawM5 mountain top; iodo, 
 sand always; sand-tanas eternal (Lat. tenus) ; santdnas posterity; sanas 
 
 old; sanakas of old, old. Zd. hana old man. Arm. hin old. — - 
 
 Gk. svsxa for the sake of [attainment]; evo? old, last year's; evi] last day 
 
 of month. Lat. senium, senectus old age; senex old man; senior 
 
 older; sendtus; sdnus perfect, whole, sound (melts with p. 213)- 
 sdnitas health; [sen-per], semper always (parum-per p. 66); [semper- 
 vonius], Sempronius, ever-beloved; [sen-sen], sensim gradually {sensim 
 
 -aetas senescit); sannio to flatter (san). Goth, sineigs old; sinista 
 
 elder; sinteino perpetually, always; sainyan to be late; Burgund. 
 sinistus high-priest; Frank, sinis-skalkus eldest vassal; Goth, seithus 
 
 late; Dutch sints, A. S. siththan, Scotch syne since. Lith. sems 
 
 old; senis old man; senyste old age; senei of old; R. seino [last year's 
 
 grass], hay (cf. evtq) ; san dignity, high rank. Ir. sew old; imm older; 
 
 sinser eldest; sinit old age; sen-chas old law; W., Cor., Bret, hm old; 
 W., Cor. hinham, hynaf, Bret, henaff [oldest], noble; W. hen-cassm 
 traditions, monuments; 0. C. Seno-rix; Sena holy island; Senamos, 
 Senacos, Henacos, Seneca, Senones; Sena, Senona= Shannon (v. p. 212); 
 Sinsatus; Senicco Senixsonis filius. 
 
 Sk. sddh to reach, attain, acquire, effect; syand to run; sad {siddmi, 
 p.p. sannas) [to seek one's place, pounce into lair, sink down, cf. langh 
 p. 128], to sit down, sink down, be exhausted; caus. sddaydmi to set, 
 place, hurl down, strike; pra-sad to yearn toward, be propitious; 
 pra-sannas propitious (cf . san, sehnen, suhnen) ; caus. to seek favor, 
 pray; ni-sad, vi-sad to sink down, perish; sadas seat; sadman, sddamm, 
 
 sadyam abode, house, home; sddas fall, ruin, death. Zd. had to sit; 
 
 hadhis seat, dwelling. Gk. el^ofjiat, Yt^o^jiat to sit down (cf. sad, 
 
 [syad], siddmi) ; ttfit, cSpiw to set, settle, place; eSoq, eSpa seat, saddle, 
 abode, foundation, shrine; I5pa£w[i.a foundation; il^avw to sink, 
 settle (of soil) ; clSas seat ; [eSXa], kXK&, chair, shrine (Hesych.) ; sBSu, 
 xaOsiSw to lie down, rest, sleep (influenced by svadus sweet, p. 211^. 
 
 Lat. sedeo to sit; sldo to sink down; sedo to calm, quiet; sedxs, 
 
 sedlle, sella chair (d melts in / cf. lacruma) ; sessio sitting; de-ses, re-ses 
 {-idis) lazy; sedulus diligent (pra-sad); solium magistrate's chair 
 (cf . solea, solum) ; prae-sul official magistrate ; consul twin-magistrate; 
 
 con-sulere to debate in session; melt with p. 152). Goth, sitan, A.S. 
 
 siitan, O. H. G. sizzu to sit; Goth, satyan to set; sitls; 0. H. G. sezal 
 
 chair, settle; A. S. sadol saddle. Lith. sedmi, sedzhu to sit; sodim 
 
 to set, plant ; 0. R. [sedti], seisti to sit ; sedlo saddle ; sendan to sit down; 
 saditi to plant; R. [sadyat], sazhat to set, put, plant; seidok rider; sad 
 
— 251 — 
 
 jarden. Ir. sudim, suidim to sit; saidim, sudigim to set; sude seat; 
 
 Idl-suide court of ^usMce; iug-suide judges' seat; [svas-sad\, sossad dwel- 
 ing, abode ; sad-aile sloth (dil pleasant) ; sesta repose ; sostan rest ; 
 ;essom standing in place; sess rower's bench, support, beam, prop; 
 air-sess], iress [noble support, pillar], faith; [sadu, sadv\, sadb, W. 
 laddaf dwelling; W. seddu to sit; hedd peace; heddu to calm; Bret. 
 lezaff to rest ; hadto nest-egg ; O. C. caneco-sedlon golden throne ; Sedatus ; 
 Mello-sedum, Sedofialus, Sedulius (sweet home); Seduni; Co-sedius; 
 ^ss'[s\edum [swift-seat], chariot ; Bret, hadein to plant, sow. 
 
 Sk. han (desid. ^ighans) to pounce, slay; hanus jaw; ^aghanas back 
 [gripped by tiger, cf. g&xi';, p. 133)? ia^, ian^ to fight; ^aksh to 
 ievour; iash, gds to harm. Gk. ya^Ypatva [horrid gnawing], gan- 
 grene, cancer; YiyyXtovatumor; •(iyy'kia\i.6(;[c\a.yrmg], tickling; I^tYYE^ept? 
 
 ^toothsome] ginger; Ydycpoi; conger eel (dainty); Yfyaq giant. 
 
 Lat. gingiva [jaw], gum. A. S. ceac jaw, cheek; Eng. to chuck the 
 
 chin (gnash teeth); a chuck grip; chunk mouthful; check-rein; Ger. 
 
 keck, kuck bold. Lith. zhinshkiu to contend, threaten; R. zhek to 
 
 burn, roast, stab ; zhzhenie burning ; zhestokii cruel ; zhazhda thirst. 
 
 Sk. hve Qivayami) to call; hanus mouth; [pvan], svan to sound, 
 [praise, honor], adorn; svanas sound; gvan [howler], dog; kvan to sound, 
 murmur; kvanas sound; kun to sound, salute, hail, help (PoYjeiw); 
 kan to sound, groan ; kanth, kand to mourn ; kand to call ; Man to sound ; 
 kankanas bell ; ghant to ring out, speak, flash out ; ghantd bell ; gun to 
 
 hail, salute. Gk. xavaaaw to gurgle, rattle; xavaxso) to ring, clash; 
 
 navaxi^ clank, clash, sound of pipe, lute ; scdvva, Jtavwv reed (murmuring, 
 
 rustling, piping, p. 21 5) . Lat. sono to sound ; cano to sound trumpet, 
 
 sing; caworMi resonant; cawiotorepeatnotes, chant. Goth. /jawa cock; 
 
 0. N. hvlna roar (of wind), {h^veina, kveina to lament, weinen; A. S. 
 vdnian, cvdnian to mourn, howl; Goth, qainon to groan, lament 
 {gun); Eng. to whine, whinny; O. H. G. huon cock; svan to sound, 
 
 Ir. sfennim to play the harp; senim, seinm, sian tone, music; 
 
 son sound; [svonn], fonn tune; sanas whisper; canim, canaim (inf. 
 cantain Tpret. ro-chdchain) to sing; for-chanim to teach; [do-ar] tair- 
 chanim to prophesy; cS[n]tol song; Corn, cheniat singer; Bret, kanvein 
 to sigh; kanvus mournful; kenUl chant, preaching, lesson; sannein to 
 sound; sann palate of mouth; huannein to sigh; O. C. Qaninio; 
 Quenta-vic ; cantalon hymn? dedicated to Brigindo; Canet-onnum; 
 Suanus; Sonans; Sana river. 
 
 Sk. (va (stem pvan) [howler], dog; Vedic guan, gun. Old Pers. 
 
 'jpvaga, sbakd\, <s%i%a ; Zd. gpd. Gk. xuuv (xuvd?) ; xsve-ppsto? dog's meat 
 
— 252 — 
 
 (gopa) ; xuvlu to kiss. "LaX. [cfanis, canvis], cams, dog. Goth, hunds. 
 
 Lith. sha (stem shun) ; R. [sovaka], sobaka, dog; suka bitch. -Ir. 
 
 cii (gen. con, dat. coin) ; W., Corn, ki, ci, chi dog; Ir. cana (gen. cawow), 
 W. canaw, cenau, Bret. ^eweM young dog, hound (metathesis of v; 
 canv for cvan as Lat.); O. C. Canavus, Canavilus, [Canvaricus], 
 Canharicus; Bret, couann, chavann [hooter], owl; 0. C. Cavannus; 
 Cuno-glassos, Glassi-cu greyhound (greyhound of dawn; Glasgow); 
 Man-cunium (hound of wealth, Ir. mdin, p. 8i); Hermes; Manchester; 
 Mungo. 
 
 Sk. hanus jaw, mouth; hansas [open-mouth, hissing] gander; 
 
 hansi goose; fans to utter. Gk. x^^^'O wide-mouthed fish; ^ctvo? 
 
 ^avSd? open-mouthed; xfjv (xriv6q) goose. Lat. [h]anser goose (cf. 
 
 arista, arundo). 0. H. G. gans, O. N. gds goose; A. S. [gawsra], 
 
 gandra, Ger. Ganser gander. Lith. zhansis, 0. R. gansi. Boh. hus 
 
 goose. Ir. geis swan; ged, W. gwydd, Bret, guaz goose (xavSdi;); 0. 
 
 C. Gessius; Gesa-henae swan-maidens, nymphs {sen, hen venerable); 
 Geso-cribate swift-swan, flying sun (near Finisterre; Ir. grib swift); 
 Gessoridcus spring-swan (Boulogne; spring flight of white wings to 
 Britain; Ir. errach spring) . 
 
 Sk. hve to utter, [breathe] ; hanus open mouth ; gvd, gvi (pvaydmi, 
 guye, Qugava, p.p. gunas) to [inflate], swell, enlarge, grow, [gender, be 
 hollow]; (Unas swollen, round; guguvas great; gUnyas hollow; gunam 
 void; sunas empty; the mumps; gigus [pregnancy, fetus], cub, child; 
 gdvas, gavas whelp, body; ghu, gu, khu, ku, ku to [breathe out], utter, 
 
 groan. Gk. xuew, xum, v.ut<sv.o^M to be with child; xurjjjia fetus; 
 
 oxuiJivos whelp; /.ixu? [natal] force, vigor; y,ir)x((i) to well up, gush; xdjia 
 rounded wave ; xut^ bulb ; /.uafAO? testicle, swelling breast, bean (pod- 
 ded) ; xuoiri? bladder; xuveiQ cap, helmet; xuto?, x,6a6o? hollow; 
 xuaOo?, /.uXt^ cup; xuotXov eye-socket ; xoiXo? hollow (p. 171); xoiXfa belly; 
 xauXd? hollow stalk, quill, shaft; xdXov intestine, food; KoXa^ parasite, 
 keen-belly; %okz6q, /.ouXedv envelope, scabbard, jug; xevd?, xevso; 
 
 hollow; xsvetov hole, hollow; xaOvo? porous. Lat. in-ciens pregnant; 
 
 cicur [taken as cub], tame (cf. wether = lamb-like) ; cic-onia stork (kind 
 to its young; Heb. khasidah the pious bird); cavus hollow; causa 
 [pregnant] cause; cav-erna water-cave (limestone; urna; cf. cist-erm); 
 caulae hollows; caulis stalk; broccoli; cul-ex gnat (xdXa^); cunabukn 
 cradle; cunnus, cuniculus hollow, shaft, mine, burrow, rabbit; coenum 
 [hollow, puddle], mire; inquinamentum filth; obs-coenus filthy; cicida 
 hemlock (hollow-stalk); [sune], sine without (empty cf. sunas); 
 caelum heaven. Goth, us-hulon to hollow ; hulundi cave ; Germ. Hoi- 
 
— 253 — 
 
 lunder alder {hulundi; caulis); A. S. hedn swamp. Lett, kauls 
 
 hollow stalk, bone; Lith kaulas bone; R. kul sack; [fueta], sueta empti- 
 ness, vanity. W-cwn rounded top, head, summit; cynutorise up; er- 
 
 chyniad height; Bret, khu hollow; keiial to dig; keved swelling, roll; 
 kov belly, womb; kovad litter; kuh hiding-place; kochon cub, whelp, 
 young pig; W., Bret, penn head; 0. C. Ari-conium; Cunotamos, 
 Cuno-barrus, Conan, Kynan; Qtien-vindos, Penno—vindos white-head; 
 Penno-crucion (xfpxoi;, cruaich round heap +penno head); Penninus; 
 Ap-pennini (rainy mountains, contrasted with snowy Alps) ; W. 
 ysgawen. Cor. scauan, Bret, squauenn, skail, 0. C. [scavie], (rxo^n^ 
 elder-bush (coum^ ; or with sc6, scoth, p. 235). 
 
 Sk. cvi {guguvat) to swell; ku to utter; gu^ to groan, lament; 
 gu^ [to burst with fulness] ; to flash out, shine ; suU to declare ; kuns 
 to flash out, speak; kug to shine; kun^ to sound; ku^ to pipe, shriek; 
 
 gukas parrot; kukkuras dog; kukkutas cock; kokilas cuckoo. 
 
 Gk. 5«i)xi3o) to wail, lament; xox5i61iw to crow, cry; if.6%v.u^ cuckoo; 
 
 xoa^ croak of frogs. Lat. cuculus cuckoo; ciconia storkl Swed. 
 
 squaka to croak, squeak, quack; hvasa to hiss; O. N. hvisla to whistle. 
 
 Lith. kaukti to howl; kukuti to cry cuckoo; O. R. kukavitza 
 
 cuckoo; R. kvakat to croak; Boh. kviketi to grunt. Ir. cHach 
 
 (W. c6g) cuckoo; cusle bag-pipe {kuns); cuslennach piper; Ir. cucht 
 color; W. each red; Fr. couche de couleur {kug); Bret, kohan owl; 
 O. C. Cosla, Cuslanus, Coslumnus {Mc. Auslan) ; Cucillus; Cocco (red) ; 
 cocco-lobis red grape {luh). 
 
 Sk. gvi {guguvat) to swell, round out, [gender, coil in womb and 
 nest]; gigus cub, baby; kukshis womb, belly; kugas [swelling, bursting, 
 growing], sacred grass ; kushtas fragrant herb, costus ; kogas bud, sheath ; 
 kugulas storehouse; ktish to draw out, tear out; kug, kus to envelop, 
 embrace; kusumas flower; kuk to coil, twist, wrap, hoop, curve; kunk 
 to be curved, curled; kun^as wrapped in vines; a bower; kuk to grasp; 
 kug to embrace; kugalas right-handed, skilful, lucky; kuh to ensnare, 
 cheat; gvank, gvank, svang, svakk to go round, crawl, entwine; svai, 
 svani to embrace; gakh to embrace, fill; gank to move [round]; gank 
 to [whirl, oscillate, tremble], doubt, fear, suspect; gankhas conch-shell 
 (spiral); gikha trembling flame, curl, crest, peacock; gin^ to tinkle; 
 kingarus ears of grain; kinkinl, rattling ornament; gankus javelin 
 (quivering); kikuras hair; khak to bind, twine, form; khai to stir; 
 khaiakas stirring-stick, churn ; khani to limp ; kank to oscillate, tremble ; 
 leak to terrify; kankalas whiriing, flickering; kag, kas to flash; kakshas 
 fire-wood; kakshus eye; kakshas arm-socket; kakshd hedge, enclosure. 
 
— 254 — 
 
 house; kak, kaJi to whirl, glance, desire; kaH, kanH, to bind. Pers. 
 
 cikah [curved neck], swan. Gk. 5<.<5yxY), okSyx"? shell, eye-socket, 
 
 top of skull, boss; icoxwvy) groin, hip-joint; xuao?, xiiaGo? groin; 
 xuxaw to stir, mix; xuxvo? swan (curving); xunXo? circle, orb, eyeball, 
 (p. 172); y.6v.v.o<; round grain, pill {kogas); 511751X0? wag tail; jtfxxog 
 cock; xtJffO! blue-jay; 5iaYxaiJ^o?, 5(.ttjff6? ivy; sieyxP*? millet {kingarus); 
 xaxToq [hedge], cactus; ■f.i'iv.CLW<; [fire-drill], fuel; [a/iyYw], dpfyyo 
 (cf. a(p£lq) to bind, twist, grip, squeeze; Sip'ty? winter; gripping, freezing; 
 diminishing spiral of winter-sun (cf . Labyrinth) ; the narrowing of life 
 in old age, physical failure, death; destroyed by OtSt'-xou? the sun; 
 OtSixous is exposed and re-born like dawn gods ; the swollen foot is the 
 distortion of the sun's disk at dawn ; slays his father, the orbing, forsaken 
 dawn, Ad/to?; marries his mother the old moon, lo-kaste {kandra 
 moon ; lo wanderer) ; puts out his own light and sinks in woe like 
 Herakles; protected by his daughters Antigone and Ismene, morn- 
 ing and evening stars; Antigone (dvif, dytiv) strives against the 
 coming day and is lost; <s(p6y-{o<;, aTcdyYO? [squeezed] sponge; mptjuou 
 to bind tightly, pinch the waist; s(ffi^ wasp; a/tydM to [choke 
 down], be silent; aiyri silence; ffidywy jaw-bone; [ct/uyj/m], oipul^w to 
 swell against pressure; a^uy^jidi; pulsation, throbbing; [ayo^o?], (fo'^i; 
 
 pinched, contracted. Lat. cancer crab; cingo to bind; cingukm 
 
 girdle; congius round measure; coxa thigh [socket]; cunctor to vacil- 
 late, delay {gank)\ \svigled\, sileo to be silent; cincinnus curl; cocks 
 [empty socket], one-eyed; caecus blind; [cosylus], corylus hazel [kogas). 
 
 Goth, hahan (O. N. hanga) to hang; ga-hahyo [hanging on], con- 
 
 tinously ; hakuls cloak ; haihs with one eye ; hugyan to revolve in mind, 
 reflect slowly, think; hugs mind; hugs enclosed field (hedge, hug); 
 huggryan to hunger (pinched belly); huhrus hunger; hduhs [rounded, 
 swollen, grown] high {kugas) ; [sviggvan to swing, brandish]; svignym 
 to exult; [sveigan to twist, choke]; sviglyon to pipe; 0. N. hOnki cord; 
 hii'S house (kugulas, kakshd); /jo^a leg-bands, hose, boots {kus);haui,r 
 rounded hill (kogas) ; hoegr [fashioning], skilful, right hand, comfortable 
 (melts with hugyan) ; hugna to [embrace], please ; skdgr tufted foliage, 
 shag; svig bend, curve ; svikya to ensnare ; cheat ; svangr hunger, empti- 
 ness; A. S. hegyan to enclose; hedge; hages [binding, hypnotizing] 
 hag, Hexe; hok hook; hvaeg whey (pressed out) ; svingan to swing, beat 
 (svang); svencan to press hard, make effort; svtgan to pinch, choke 
 down; be silent {sileo) ; Eng. 5mM^iMg = choking; swig; A. S. /jos/ hazel; 
 [scdg], cdg binder, bar, key; O. N. [s]kaggi keg; Ger. KugelhaW; Kunkel 
 
 spindle. R. koHan cabbage, lettuce (kogas) ; kosoi twisted, oblique; 
 
 kosa twist of hair ; kosar sickle (kuk, kug) ; kushak girdle ; kogot claw, 
 bolt (clavis); kosnutsya, kasatsya to grasp, touch; kokevat to ■wanier; 
 
— 255 — 
 
 'mMa heap; skuMvat to roll, heap up; kozha hide; kozni snares; 
 >uk sprout, knot in wood {gokas for kogas) ; sukno cloth (rolled) ; 
 tuzhivat to tighten; sveizhevat to wrench off, peel; sveizhii fresh; 
 
 'jyazkiy binding, glutinous. Ir. cHach cup; curl; cuicel spindle; 
 
 :acht bonds; a slave; cenglaim to bind; cengal frame; coss foot (turning 
 an ankle); W. coes thigh; Bret, kuign twist, tart, loaf; chaucher dyke 
 (heaped; chaussee; chausser with coss) ; kouesin [groin], saddle, cushion 
 {%[ji:6<;); 0. C. cucullus hood, cloak; Cucalus; Cosa-lotos swift-foot; 
 Cusonius, Quossa. 
 
 Sk. hansas [wide-mouthed] goose ; fans to utter ; has to laugh ; hesh to 
 whinny; ghaggh, gaggh, khakkh, kakh, kakkh, kakk to laugh; ka^, hikk 
 bo sob; ga^ to hiccough; be drunk; hins to [gape upon], pounce, slay; 
 <;ingh to snuff; sinhas lion; kdkas crow; kdkus stammering; kdkudas 
 
 palate of mouth; gaktus [sputtered, popped], parched corn. Gk. 
 
 ■ii.a%&lfii, XKYX"'^'*. 5taYX«Xdo> to laugh; i^.a.yXaZfa to plash, ripple; xkxXt)^ 
 gravel; xaxstapd^u to cackle, bubble; xaxxa^K) pot; partridge; -jfJyYpa? 
 
 fife; yiYY^"^!''^? tickling. Lat. cachinnor to laugh. A. S. cincung 
 
 violent laughter; 'Eng. hiccough, cackle; hank the note of the wild-goose; 
 to cough; Ger. keuchen to cough; kichern to laugh (gaggh); A. S. 
 
 hysian to hiss (fans). R. khokhotat, khikhikat to laugh; shikat to 
 
 whistle ; shkekotat to tickle ; shMeka [jaw], cheek; kakhotka consumption. 
 Bret, hakein to stammer ; hak death-rattle ; hinsein to hiss. 
 
 Sk. hanus jaw; hansas [open-mouthed] goose; fans to speak, praise, 
 [pant after], desire, hope, pray, invoke blessing, announce; sdntv, gdntv 
 to [pant, long for] console, cherish ; gds to command, teach, bless ; gvas to 
 pant, breathe, refresh; gvas to-morrow (hope); gak to speak plainly; 
 [gag], gap to curse, swear ; fofei to call? ganst, sanst, gas, sas to [breathe 
 deeply], to sleep; sah to [be long winded], endure, be patient; kag to 
 
 ytter. Gk. Kioa-avSpa, Kaoat-exeta prophetess (blessing, banning); 
 
 xotffca passionate; xaat?, xaai-YTQVTO? born with nuptial blessing, legiti- 
 mate brother or sister; Horn, [seg, aex] to say (cf. gap) ; e-cic-ete declare, 
 
 relate (O Muses!) Lat. casa [sleep], house, home; It. casare to 
 
 marry; Lat. cassus [breath], in vain, only words; empty; censeo to 
 bless, ratify, judge, decide; Casmenae, Camenae goddesses of prophecy, 
 poetry; sancio to bless, sanction (form sanh, sah to pant, utter); 
 prae-sagium prophecy ; sacer sacred, blessed, cursed ; sacerdos priest (dhd 
 to establish) ; sanguis, sanies blood (bubbling, impetuous, cf . kvas and 
 aljjia); 0. Lat. in-sece tell! in-sectiones narratives; quaeso, quaero to 
 
 desire, seek (gvas to pant after) . Goth, hazyan to praise ; hunsl. A. S. 
 
 hUsl sacrifice (gvans; but v. p. 234); Goth, siggvan to sing; saggus 
 
— 256 — 
 
 song; 0. N. saga, sogn narrative, poem; segya to say; seggyandi com- 
 
 mander; Ger. segnen to bless. R. khvastat to speak loudly, boast; 
 
 kvasit to [breathe, bubble], ferment; kvas beer; kvasha yeast; Lith. 
 sakyti to say {gak; form sa'^ has been lost in sagU to pant after, follow); 
 
 ^a-5afea narrative ; O.R. sokuaccnseT-.sokiti to bear witness. Ir. sen- 
 
 chass old law {censeo); ces, ceas wonted, well-known; sant yearning 
 (sdniv, p. 229) ; cissaim to [pant, be weary], suffer; cessacht [eagerness], 
 avarice; sechim to say; co-scaim to speak severely, reprove; sagim ia 
 speak; insce speech; aith-esc reply; W. hep he says; at-ep reply; co-sp to 
 reprove; Bret, kouskein to breathe deeply, sleep; hoant desire ; ifeooM/e» 
 lovely; 0. C. Sancius, Sacro-maina, Sacro-viros; Netta-sagru. 
 
 Sk. same roots. Sk. sinhanas mucus; (ingh to scent; sinhas lion; 
 
 giksh to be eager, learn; gvank to go; kdnksh to long for. Gk. 
 
 [(j]ixveuw to hunt by scent, track out, follow (v. p. 216); 'ixviov, 'f^vo? 
 
 track, foot-step. Lat. signum foot-step, mark, seal, image, ensign, 
 
 glory; singulusone by one (foot-steps) ; singultio to [pant] sob. Goth. 
 
 sokyan, A. S. secan, O. H. G. suohhan to hunt after, seek; Goth. 
 
 siggqan to [be sucked down, swallowed], to sink. Ir. sigemnach 
 
 puffing of bellows; siig vulture; sMg milk (sucked) ; sige wind; sigach 
 wolf (eager) ; O. C. Sigina, Singi-dunum. 
 
 Sk. sah {sahdmi, sahydmi, sake) to [keep one's wind], control one's 
 self, be patient, wait, forgive, be favorable; to endure, be strong, 
 chase down, seize; pra-sah to assault; sdhasam perseverance, speed; 
 sahanas patient, strong; sahas force, victory; sahasd quickly; sahuris 
 mighty; sa^^, san^ to hold fast, cleave to, be devoted to, adhere, be 
 sticky; sa^, san£ to go; sagh to attack, kill; suh to be strong, glad; 
 
 sag to [grip, pack, wrap], cover. Zd. hazanh force, robbery. — 
 
 Gk. [asx], exu {s.<r/j:fv, <rp\<sii>) to control one's self, be unmoved, take 
 one's part, exist, hold in, stay, sufEer; to [overtake], seize, have, hold, 
 possess, have power, control, guard; oyksiq, ox^fJia one's bearing, 
 posture, figure, appearance; Ixupoq, dxupo? firm, well fortified, secure, 
 strong; 'ix\f-<'-, 8x[io( a hold, stay, band, defence; auxvo? crowded, many, 
 much; [long-enduring], long (form suh); o/stXioi; unflinching, daring, 
 wicked; [exhausted], wretched; oxoTvd? [tough, gripping] rush, rush- 
 rope ; Ya/u to check, restrain, possess ; Ea^u pi? strong; ioxavawtoclingto, 
 hold in, hold back; to long for; fox"^? strength ; aaYiQVK) hunting-net, drag- 
 net (strong-grip) ; caYiq load, pack ; aayiJia pack-saddle, cloak ; <sik':v>{<5i\<^ 
 
 to pack, load; (jijxd? pen, fold. Lat. sagio to [chase down], scent, be 
 
 keen ; sagax keen scented, of good judgment ; sagitta arrow (keen pur- 
 suer, diminutive termination) ; sagina [prey], food, plenty ;5e|e5 harvest 
 
— 257 — 
 
 (won by toil). O. N. sigla mast (holding firm) ; segl sail; Goth, sigis 
 
 victory; sakan to fight, contend {sagh, [sag]); sokyan to seek {sa^^); 
 
 A. S.sacan to fight ; s&cu feud, contention, demand (for the sake) . R. 
 
 khozyanawn&r, proprietor •,sazhen fathom (embrace, spread arms) . Ir. 
 
 s6gda, s6gunda stately {<:xi\<^<x) ; sig stag; saiget arrow; saignSn lightning, 
 tempest; sagim to seek, strive toward; Bret, seah thunderbolt, prodigy; 
 seahein to fulminate, curse; O.C. sagos mantle; Saguntum strong-town 
 (ventum market); Sagfonna stronghold; segusius hunting hound; 
 Segontius (stately); Sego-maros; Seg-omo = Ma,rs {omum terror). 
 
 Sk. sah to [be long winded, chase down, catch]; san^, sek to go; 
 safU, [saf], sap (sapami), saU {saJzate, sishakti) to follow, obey, favor, 
 
 choose; ^a^was comrade, fellow; sakhis friend. Zd. haka [straggling 
 
 behind], alone, without (Lat. secus). Gk. sxw, gaxoiJiat, (laicotJLYjv) 
 
 to follow, attend, obey, pursue, draw near; IicIttq? follower; dicauv 
 comrade; ixalfn to send with, pursue; dxaSd? following; l^ij? one 
 after another, in line, in consequence; "Exxup faithful comrade 
 {saMvas), protector (CToix.o<;); the sun; following his brother Ilapti; 
 the day star, who shoots his swift rays and flies. Hector's son 
 Astyanax is the evening star, shrinking from his father s helmet 
 (bright sky, cf. 'Mr\\i\). Achilles is thunderbolt, thundercloud, 
 darkening day. Hector has been forced by chance among the 
 hosts of night; odsto? [close comrade, hard-grip], shield; oxXov weapon 
 
 (cf. sagitta). Lat. sequor to follow; secundus following, favoring, 
 
 succeeding, second; sector, ad-secla, pedi-sequa attendant, favorer, 
 client; socius fellow; comrade; secus [following at an interval]; apart; 
 sequestra to seize derelict goods; sequester hanger on, agent, commis- 
 sioner; sexus sex (companion; distinct). O. N. sogn followers; a 
 
 band; sagna hroeri leader of the bands; Goth, fri-sahts [following, emu- 
 lation], pattern, example, likeness. Lith. seku to follow. Ir. 
 
 sechur to follow; sochaide company, troop ; sechem pursuit; sechte [imita- 
 tion of leader], hjrpocrisy; sechaigim to imitate, pretend; sechm-allaim 
 to leave behind; omit; sechma-dachte {tiagaim to go) past; sech apart, 
 alone, without; W., Corn., Bret, /f^^ without; 0. C. Saqua; SequanU 
 Saccius, Sacco[n], Sacconius;Sappius; Secco. 
 
 Sk. harms jaw ; gans to [pant for (wild beast)] ; sak to pursue, over- 
 take; sagh to slay; gag to leap; kag, [sag] to flash out, strike, kill. 
 
 Gk. ciyapt? short, one-edged sword of Persians and Scythians. 
 
 Lat. seco to cut; segmentum slice; securis axe; (kshur, p. i6i) saxum 
 rock, cliff (cleft; rent; rupes). O. H. G. sahs, A. S. seax short- 
 sword, bill-hook; Saxones contrasted with broad-sworded Suardones; 
 
 17 
 
— 258 — 
 
 A. S. sage saw; O. N. sigdhr, A. S. sicol sickle. O. R. seka, R. seil 
 
 to hack, lash, cut ; R. seikira axe ; seiUa carnage ; kekanit to chisel. Ir 
 
 seche hide ; Bret. Mchen, hesken a saw ; hosk notch, cleft ; O. C. Saeconm 
 Saxio, Saxsamus, Sassius. 
 
 Sk. sagh to [grip], kill; fag to pounce; (dkh to grip, embrace, fill; 
 
 gakrit, gakan dung (squeezed out). Gk. aaxEiju to squeeze out 
 
 strain; aaxxo? strainer, coarse cloth (melts with Phoenician sag hair- 
 cloth, sack) ; xaxxT] dung; xax,x.dw; xaxd? evil, mean, bad; xaxfe malice. 
 Lat. cacare. Lith. shiku cacare. Ir. cacc, Bret, kaoh dung. 
 
 Sk. (vas to breathe, [pant after]; cans, [gas] to desire; kanksh to 
 long for; kds to flash out, [utter]; kaksh to utter; Lat. quaeso I would 
 fain know; Sk. kas who? kva, kuha where? hatha how? kataras (p. 15) 
 which ? intensified forms kim what ? na-kis, no one ; ma-kis that no one' 
 kig-Hin any one. Zd. ^o who? kai&ra which? gvant how large? (pre- 
 serves original root) ; Mnem any one (accus.) ; ^is^a = quisquis; mQ,-lis 
 
 that no one. Gk. xd6t? xoij? xou? where? xdOev? whence? xu?? how? 
 
 xdie when? xdiepo?? which? [xjit?? who? (cf. [xxiw], rfwp. 236). Lat. 
 
 quol whither; {q]ubil (ablat.) where? [q]uter'i whether; quam? how? as 
 (answering question) ; qui the one who; quot^ how many? qiiantus how 
 large (Latin preserves the (v form); quis? who? quidquid anything; 
 
 Umbr. ;^M/e? = ubi? Osc pisl quis? pitpit quidquid. Goth. kuas'\ 
 
 who? hvanl when? hvar'^. where? whither? hvathar? whether? Lith. 
 
 bos'? who? kurl whither? kail how? katras whether; O. R. kutol who? 
 
 kiy} qualis? kotoryi who. Ir. ca-tel what is it? canl whence? cadi 
 
 each, quisquis; cechtar whether; cia'i who? W. pal who? pop each; 
 puil who? Bret, pel who, pep each. 
 
 Sk. same roots; [gshvash], shash [desire for one more than five; 
 
 out-flashing finger], six; shashtas sixth. Zd. kshvas. Gk. [/e^I 
 
 inscriptions] ; s^ six ; exxo? sixth. Lat. sex ; sextus ; sextcs natural desire, 
 
 sex. Goth. saihs;saihsta. 0. R. shesti; shestyi (ord.) ; Lith. shesU] 
 
 shishtas (ord.); 0. Pr. tishts six; R. shestok hearth, stove (ardent, 
 desired). Ir. s^; sessed; W. chwech; chwecJtet; Bret, httech. 
 
 Sk. same roots; han, hins to kill, injure; sagh to [pounce], M; 
 fash, gas, kag, kash, kishk, khash, Mash, Uhash, iash, ^hash to hurt, kill; 
 gag to pounce, leap; gagas hare; gak, khak to be strong; kans, kani to 
 rush, destroy; kaM, kank, kug to flash out; kansyam brass; kankanas 
 golden; kas to go; ksha^, kshan^ to go, [flash out], give; kha^ to stir; 
 khan^ to hop, limp ; khagasgoa.t ; ganktis javelin ; kakshto flash out, speak; 
 [gashgas], gashpas fresh cut grass. Gk. oxctl^w to halt, limp; oxIyTli? 
 
— 259 — 
 
 lizard (flashing) jxvTqxd? yellow. Lat. caespes ireshtnTi; cuspis, spear- 
 point (cf. Ir.) ; caesius with flashing eyes; Caesar; Casca. Goth, hoha 
 
 plow (tearing); hauhs high [leap] (p. 254); A. S. haccan to hack; 
 hash; scacan to shake; 0. S. scacan to flee; 0. N. skenkya to dash out, 
 pour; skeha to come to pass; haka beak, hook; Goth, skohs shoe (tram- 
 per) ; skohsl demon (pouncer) ; O. H. G. haso hare (gagas) ; Germ, schichten 
 to cleave; schicken to hurl, send; Hecht pike (leaper); A. S. hdh heel, 
 ham-string, hough; scanc shank; O. H. G. heigir heron (axe-bill); 
 
 hehera woodpecker (hacker). Lith. kenkti to injure; kankinti to 
 
 torment; R. shagat to stride; shestvie march; sMegolyat to strut; 
 
 skakat to leap . Ir. ciiach spear (cuspis) ; cingim to stride ; czngwarrior ; 
 
 [cig clawed flesh]; cichurda ravenous; cich nipple; Bret, sak shaking; 
 skignan [jumping] frog; skejein to cut; kig raw meat, gum of mouth; 
 kignein to claw, tear, skin; kigen muscle; O. C. Cinges, Cingeto-rix, 
 Vercingetorix; Quigo, Quigonius ; Cicinus , Cicolluis Mars delighting in 
 carnage; caneco-sedlon golden throne (Sk. kankanas, kanakas); Ir. 
 coscraim to destroy. 
 
 Sk. vdto blow (p. 204); va to pant after, love, seek, enjoy; vdnksh, 
 vdnkh to desire, wish (cf . development of md, p. 77) ; vag to desire, wish; 
 vagas will, power, rule; ugi desire; [vans], van to desire, seek; van to 
 love, adore; van to trust, believe; svan to adorn; vdh, bah, [vydh], veh 
 to [seek eagerly], make an effort, strive for, seize; bdhus fore-arm; 
 vdhas horse, chariot (impetuous) ; vah to drive a horse, ride, carry; 
 vangh to speed, begin; vak to [be impetuous], utter, speak; vdg to 
 cry, shout, howl; vakas crane (cf. gri, Yepavo?); vangh to scold; 
 vdkyatd scolding, abuse; vdng-mayas vocal; vdk voice; vikh to speak; 
 vangas [vocal, piping, hollow, luxuriant] reed ; vanh, banh to be puffed 
 up, swell, grow (cf. gva) ; bahus great, much; vaksh to swell, round out, 
 grow; vakshas breast; uMas high; ugras swelling, awful; [vans to blow 
 fire]; vanh to shine; ush to bum; iish to be fevered; [vang, vans], vash, 
 vas, vast, van to dart, hurl, kill; vask, vashk, vakh, vankh, vikh, ves, 
 ukh, unkh, svakk, svang to go, move; vish to visit; vig to approach, 
 enter, seek eagerly, [seek refuge, do homage], occupy, settle, marry; 
 vig, vdigyas inhabitant; vigas mankind; vigvas all; vegas home, house; 
 vas to dwell, marry, love, settle, make firm, [eternal]; ukh to dwell; 
 okas house; vasatis lodging, nest, home; vdsas home, cage; vasantas 
 nesting-time, spring; vasus home-goods, possession, wealth; vasiu 
 existence, property; vastas goat; vasnas price; vasnam pay, hire; 
 vasd marrow, fatness; vdsay to anoint, perfume; vank [of wind] to 
 veer, dash round, wheel, move round, vacillate (cf. vyay, vyap p. 218); 
 
— 260 — 
 
 vankas river-bend; vankris rib; vakras curved; vangh to [whiri, hurl], 
 hasten ; vegas speed ; vakras thunderbolt ; o^as strength, force, splendor; 
 vanh to shine; vangas [force, growth], bamboo, generation, clan; oghas 
 throng, crowd, river; va^ to move round, [wreathe], adorn, go {vagor); 
 vi^ to whirl, tremble, quiver, fear; vehl, vel to vacillate, move, count 
 [circling] time; fe| to quiver, flash; vikh to whirl, flash, shine; vang, 
 vank to totter, hobble, limp ; van^ to go, approach, [encircle, snare], 
 cheat; sva^, svang to encircle, embrace; vesht to wrap, clothe; veshas 
 robe, ornament; wa5 to wrap, clothe {vas to live) ; vik, vii, vish to wring, 
 [twist off], separate, [turn aside], avoid, leave, desert {ci.fugio, bhug; 
 vi, ve, vito) ; vig to bring ends together, compare, match, be equal, 
 resemble, meet, encounter {vicis, vicissim; occasion, opportunity, hac 
 vice, fecht) ; uk to meet, gather, agree ; ukitas fitting, suitable ; ukh to 
 bind,- limit, dwell, turn aside, pass by, desert; unkh to bind sheaves; 
 ungh to desert; ukhd round jug; uh to gather, conclude, reflect; unh to 
 vex, twist; ukh to [wreathe], adorn, [wring out], dry (aijx(i,(5i;); uksh, 
 vish to [wring out], drip, drop, sprinkle, water; osha-dhis medicinal herb; 
 vish, vishtas dung; vdshpas, vdspas tear, dew, vapor, medicinal herb; 
 vishaimpoison;visamwater-\ily; Vw/imms the monsoon; osktas [drainer], 
 lip. 
 
 Sk. vd, [vanh, vans], vdnksh, vdnMh to pant after, long for, desire, 
 seek, enjoy; vangh to seek, speed, begin, blame; vdghant praying. 
 
 Gk. s.^xo[).(xi to long for, wish, pray, vow; redup. s^wxem to fare 
 
 sumptuously, feast; /dx^sw to be indignant, passionate, angry. 
 
 Lat. vagio to cry passionately, wail. Goth, vaggs paradise; 0. N. 
 
 vaegdh mercy; O. H. G. wunscan, A. S. vyscan, 0. N. 6ska to wish; 
 Ger. [vang], bang yearning (cf . vdh, bah) ; A. S. svifuan to toil hard, 
 
 be eager; vicg race horse; It. (Lombard) vago lovely. Bret. [sva«h], 
 
 huihein to blow, puff, kindle; vagannein to languish, faint. 
 
 Sk. same roots; vag to wish; vagas will, power, rule; a-vacds un- 
 willing; ugi desire; ugant willing; vagyas subject; vagd [desired] bride, 
 
 woman. Zd. an-ugant unwilling. Gk. psxuv willing; d/lxuv, amy 
 
 unwilling; dsudl^u to struggle against; Ye)ia0a = sxouffa (Hesych.); 
 [fefsxYjXo?], eSxYjXos at ease; exYjTt for the sake of; f^xa gently; imUi 
 
 peaceful. Lat. [voxor], uxor wife; uxorius devoted, indulgent to 
 
 wife. A. S. vyscan, O. H. G. wunscan, 0. N. 6ska to wish. Ir. 
 
 fecen necessity, fate; 6c death; form [ivof]; W. chweg. Cor. wlwk, 
 Bret, huec sweet; 0. C. Suecconius. 
 
 Sk. vd to breathe, desire; [vans, van to pant, yearn, sob, sigh]; 
 van {vanomi, vanvan) to desire, seek, worship; van {vane, vanitas) 
 
— 261 — 
 
 to love, be devoted, worship, [be gracious], bestow, accept; van 
 {vanami, vanayami) to help, trust; to [pant after, hunt], vex, kill; to 
 [sigh, utter], sound; s-van to sound; ven to yearn, dream, reflect,, 
 listen intently, play lute; venis [mourning], widow's hair; vlna lute; 
 
 vanitd wife, woman; vanam [hunting-ground], forest. Gk. eiJvt? 
 
 (-tSoe) wife; eBvt? (-tq) widowed, bereft; sOvYiti^p husband; euvi] 
 marriage bed; [fJveu], ^tvlu to beget; /{/aivw to take delight, 
 warm, cheer, heal (v. p. iii); oTvoi; wine; oTvt) vine; Yva [yearning]; 
 in order that; aEv^w to be gracious, accept, be content, praise [gift]; 
 alvoq praise; [accepted, wonted, favorite], myth, saying, proverb; 
 afv£5(jo(Aat to speak in proverbs; aVv-iyixa hard saying, riddle {svang 
 to choke, be silent); (xM<; [eagerly listened for, taking away breath], 
 dire, terrible (vanami) ; ahui^at to accept, take, enjoy; fivia [yearn- 
 ing], grief, sorrow; dviaw to grieve; /Svijixi, 6vlYfi\i.i to delight, benefit 
 (p. 25); '6vritsiq delight, luck, advantage; dvn^^^njioq beneficial, profitable; 
 (ivsonat to [desire, acquire], buy (cf. pri, xpf«[i.ai) ; (as termination) 
 ufuvtSs [dear child], grandson; i^S-fovi^ pleasure; "Hat-(5vif] (p. 214); 
 Lat. Venus, venustas charm, beauty; venia grace, indulgence, par- 
 don ; venor to chase after, hunt ; veneror to adore, honor ; veneo to [be 
 desirable, salable], be sold; venum for sale; ven-do to sell; (with redupli- 
 cation) venfenum poison (a(vd?) ; termination Fav-fonius sweet-south- 
 west; [dvi-fonus], duonus, bonus [twice desirable, very desirable], good; 
 ann-ona; Ant-onius; [ver-venna], verbena sacred herb (p. 195); Samnite 
 Vene-ventum, Beneventum good-market (the Samnite pronunciation 
 
 resembled vanum eventum). Goth, vinnan to yearn, grieve; vinno 
 
 passion, desire; vens hope; venyan to hope; vainei would that! A. S. 
 vinnan to toil, win; vyn rapture; vunian to be wont, to dwell (alvo?; 
 sweet home); venian to accustom, train, wean; vine friend, [chosen] 
 commander; vaenan to hope, ween, expect; O. N. fonn desire, care; 
 
 vandi custom, care, kinship; vinna to toil, fight. O. R. veino dowry; 
 
 veiniti to sell ; R. vina [blood-ransom], guilt, wrong. Ir. fine kinship, 
 
 cla.n;fian [chosen], leader, hero, Fenian; fiann army; Fene the ancient 
 people of Ireland (cf. Ven-icnii, Ven-icontes; icaim to heal, ransom, 
 v. p. 109) ; finnaim to [hunt, seek], find; [ven-vellu^], fanall [dear little 
 friend], swallow, fonn anxious, desirous; oin, uain [kindness, grace], 
 loan; liain chance, opportunity, luck; W. [veni-venna], guianuin spring; 
 Bret, guenel swallow; [veri-venna, venni-venna], guerenen, guinenen 
 bee; O. C. [Vonvonia], Bononia, Vifenna, Benevenna; [Vonna], Bonna; 
 Augustobona; Ep-ona; Div-ona; Aro-enis very dear (aroon); Venta 
 market; Veneti merchants; Co-ventus merchant; Venelli swallows, 
 birds of passage; with / for v Fannonius, Fonnius, Fonio, Fanula; 
 Fr. faon; Lat. Fannius. 
 
— 262 — 
 
 Sk. svan, [fvan], kvan to sound (p. 251); van to pant, breathe 
 out, [empty], sound; vanam iorest, water; ven to yearn, [be lonely]; 
 venis [widowhood]; vlna lute; vind without; vind-kritas desolate; 
 
 Unas small, weak.^ -Gk. fJveu, ivau to empty, evacuate; (reduplic.) 
 
 OtvwvY) waning moon, fading nature, destroying her own works; her 
 son, reviving summer (MsXIaYpo? the hunter), conquers the winter 
 solstice typified by the boar of Calydon, but is doomed to perish with 
 the quenched Yule brand of the next year; he prefers Atalanta, the 
 full-moon to his uncles, the morning and evening stars. Another 
 old-moon Oenone pines for the day-star Paris, when he deserts her for 
 Helen, the new-moon in the west ; / 'Ivw crescent moon (wasted, flebilis) 
 clasps her son, the evening star, to her bosom, and plunges over the 
 western steep; like Daphne she flees her husband, the sun; through 
 Phoenician influence her child becomes MsXixepTT)?, Melkarth; ov«p, 
 
 Svstpo? [fleeting] dream. Lat. vanus, [vinvanus], inanis empty; 
 
 vaniias emptiness; e-vanesco to vanish; vena vein, pipe; {inula 
 elecampane (purgative); Goth, van lack, want; vans empty, needy; 
 vanains defect ; vainags wretched, needy ; vinya pasture ground (cf . wide, 
 weiden) ; Ger. wenig scanty, little; A. S. svanian to faint, swoon; 0. N. 
 vanr, von, vant needy; vanta to want; vana to diminish, wane; tom 
 lack, fault; van-tril error. It. f den, faon void, empty, feeble. 
 
 Sk. vdh, veh, bah to [pant for], seek eagerly, make an effort, strive, 
 [grasp, brandish, thrust] ; ^w'/ja- [breath], air; vahis, bahis in the air, 
 out-doors ; bahus much ; bahus, bdhas fore-arm (outstretched, grasping) ; 
 vangh to speed, grasp, rebuke; vakh, vask, vakk to speed, go; vang, 
 vank to eddy, circle, totter; wa| to speed, trim an arrow, be strong; 
 vagras thunderbolt ; ugras mighty, vehement, fierce ; vi^, viMi to veer, 
 
 eddy, quiver, be radiant; vehl to whirl, tell time. Zd. bdzu fore-arm. 
 
 Gk. /I/ajixo?, "lax^oq, Bax^o? natural force, excitement, wine; 
 
 rushing, trampling, reeling, brandishing (melts with iaxw to shout; 
 p. 109); ^axxsuo) to rave, dance; ^acxafvu to revile, use ill-words or 
 spells, drive mad, bewitch (melts with Lat. fascinor to bind by hyp- 
 notism) ; ^&<s%s speed! '^atyz&'C.bi to grasp, whirl up, brandish, whirl 
 away, rob, bear on head ; ^aaoapa trampling shoe ; wanton, bacchante, 
 vixen; /ajxlpa raw-hide shoe; ^-^uaa, ^aaaa [torrent], mountain-pass, 
 glen; ^Y^aati) to [pant], cough; /a/tacw (dt^w) to be eager, dart, shoot; 
 
 (S/Xeij? lever (thrusting, lifting; bahus). Lat. vehe-mens vehement; 
 
 vexo to harass, vex ; vexillum standard (borne proudly, waved) ; vasto 
 to ravage {vast to vex) ; vastus waste, open; basium [passionate] kiss; 
 oestia wild beast (p. 46); baculus staff (bahus); vehes, i;eciM lever, 
 Ci-owbar ; {veh) ; ob-ex bar ; rtx v-ith effort, difficulty ; [bagulo], baiu!':) 
 
— 263 — 
 
 to bear burden; vigeo to be eager, active; vegeo to be lively, wide- 
 awake, watchful, full of life ; vigilo to watch ; vagor to roam round (vang) ; 
 
 ^aa7/o to oscillate (vank). A. S.vecg, O. N.wggr wedge (vehes) ; Goth. 
 
 vaihsta edge, corner (vectis); svegnyan to exult, rejoice; vagyan to 
 sway, impel; vakan to wake, watch; viko week (watch, quarter, of 
 moon) ; ga-vigan to brandish, shake ; vigans war {veh) ; A. S. vtg warrior; 
 vyscan to wish for; vaesma heroic force; vegan to brandish, wag; 
 vaege scale (oscillating); O. N. vagga scales; vaegir sword; vtg death- 
 blow, battle; O. H. G. wehsal [whirl], exchange. R. bashmak, 
 
 bakkila shoe (^aaaipa) ; bashmak crow-bar; bakhvalit to boast; veisMiy 
 prophetic (shaman); bez, without, lacking [bahis?], beisit to enrage; 
 bets devil ; veisit to [brandish, poise], weigh, be heavy ; vakhlyat to speed ; 
 
 veslo oar (vacillo) ; veselit to rejoice; veikha crowbar, stake. Ir. 
 
 bach madness; bdes lust, folly; bass, boss claw, fist (bdhus) (cf. p. 41); 
 bds death [stroke] ; bossdn [grip], pouch ; bus [pursed] lip ; bacc, bachal 
 shepherd's crook (long-arm); bacc sickle; fHasnaim to rage; fuasmad 
 stroke; fuachtain injury; [f]iachtaim to yell; figim to [move to and 
 fro], weave ; feig sharp (vehes) ; fege edge ; fee tooth ; spade ; fegaim, 
 f4ccim to see (vegetus) ; feochair (Eochair, Fiacre) fierce ; augra 
 battle (ugras); W. guichr fierce; bys, Cor. bis, Bret, biz [gripping] 
 finger; Cor. bas, bax fist (to box) ; Bret, bahellat to pant a.f teT;[vichein], 
 fichein to whirl, brandish, defy (ficher) ; O. C. Bassus, Bascus; bacuceus 
 Aeraon.; Bacausus, Bussumarus great fist; Viagrius. 
 
 Sk. same roots; vanh to shine, grow; vangh, va^ to eddy, speed, whirl 
 (dashing water, flashing light); vii, viHh to veer, eddy, quiver, be 
 radiant ; vikh to flash out ;utter ; vii toblow ; vi^am semen ; ugras mighty ; 
 o| to be strong, to shine; o^as strength, splendor, genital force; 
 
 oghas river, crowd. Gk. uypd? water-washed, wet, moist ground, 
 
 lush, luxuriant, tender, pliant, liquid (of eyes), languishing; u-jftijs, 
 uYi-qpds hearty, sound, healthy, wholesome; iyfeia health; 'QyuYY)? 
 (og redup.) the deluge, the beginning of things, ancient king; aiyf^ 
 splendor, radiance, sun; m^alto to illumine, see; Iyxo? (vangh) [bran- 
 dished], spear, weapon, sword; ox>.o? crowd; dxeuw to beget; (S^XIu to 
 
 whirl, disturb, sweep along; ox6ti river-bank, mound. Lat. augus- 
 
 tm glorious; augeo to grow. Goth, augo eye (vanh to flash, vakh 
 
 to whirl, quiver); augyan to show; O. N. egg egg, (quickening, vital); 
 
 A. S. svancor beautiful; svegel clear sky. R. vazhniy august, 
 
 dignified; Lith. augu to grow. Ir. dg, liag healthy, sound, 
 
 youth, maid; dac, do, deal young, impetuous (affected by agus); 
 dge virginity; og egg; faga spear; Bret, oujen marriage-agent; 
 ui\jg] (Corn, uy) egg; 0. C. Ogius, Ogiomus; Ogmios Hercules, god 
 
— 264 — 
 
 of eloquence ; Aucius {doc) ; Vago-ritum ; Ir. ogum ogam, rune, 
 Druidic letter; O. C. Ogroniu November (rain). 
 
 Sk. same roots; vah, bah, veh to make an effort, strive for; caus. 
 to use, employ; vah {vahami, caus. vdhaydmi) to pull chariot, ride, 
 drive, carry, bear, carry off, marry, sail, flow, blow, make road, fetch; 
 vdhini march, army; vdhas, vahanam horse, chariot; vdhakas driver; 
 
 vahas wave; vahnis fire; vehl, veil, vel to whirl, quiver. Gk. fo^o,; 
 
 chariot, wagon; oxtjiJia vehicle, ship; 6xB-z6q channel, canal; dj^lu to 
 
 carry, bear, support; oxio^ai to ride, drive, sail; o'i%o\>.ai to be gone. 
 
 Lat. veho to carry; vehor to ride, drive; vehiculum; [veha], 0. Lat. vea, 
 Osc. viu, Lat. via road ; Osc. veia wagon; Lat. velum sail ? [vectum-aequak], 
 
 vectlgal tax, proportionate offering. Goth, vagyan to move; vegs 
 
 motion, wave; vigs road; A. S. vegan to carry, bear; vdgen 0. H. G. 
 wagan wagon; O. N. v&gr, vdgr sea (cf. fiordhr); svegn, sveinn cattle- 
 driver, boatman, swain. O. R. vezan to carry; vozu chariot; R. 
 
 vesti to ride, drive, carry, use, effect; vozhak guide, leader; vozhzha 
 rein; vos cart-load; voz [borne] up; voiti to go, enter (cf. via); Lith. 
 
 vezhu to drive; vezhimas wagon. Ir. fecht course, journey; fen 
 
 wagon? (p. 212); Bret, heh load, effort, difficulty. 
 
 Sk. veh to make an effort toward; vi^h to spring forward, speak, 
 flash; vig {vigdmi caus. vegaydmi) to enter, approach [eagerly, in hope, 
 as suppliant; for homage, refuge, safety; to meet, cause to meet; to 
 match, coincide, be opportune, take turn; to hoop, bind, unite; to 
 face, encounter, battle — these are the meanings implied in the difEerent 
 languages]; ni-vig to seek, strive for, make effort, seek wife, settle, 
 place, unite, bind ; vigas laborer, settler, low-caste ; men, the human race; 
 vigvas all [one meets], the world; (cf. A. S. viht any one) ; vish to visit, 
 eat together, meet in battle; uU to come together, meet; u^itas con- 
 gruous, meet, suitable. Zd. vtc to come, do homage, adore. — 
 
 Gk. fVnu, ixavo), ixveofjiai to come, approach, reach, enter house; 
 to come upon, visit, fall upon (of suffering; melt with yog, ig p. 108); 
 {xvlo(ji.ai to approach as suppliant, implore; to fit, meet, be suitable; 
 l9i>ivso{xat to reach, aim at, hit mark, succeed; \K.ht\c, refugee; iximo; 
 suppliant; IxavcSq attaining, sufficient, becoming, competent; ItxeXo;, 
 s'ifxeXoi; [face to face], similar, like; th.6c, likely, probable, reasonable; 
 eixcov reflection in water, mirror; likeness, image, similitude; eUxw (eoixei) 
 to resemble ; "Ixapo? (vicarius) ; morning star, exchanging places with 
 evening star; his wings are melted by the rays of his father, the sun, 
 and he is lost; icpo-f^ a gift beforehand (to appease, propitiate); a 
 free-will offering, dowry; xpotutjoiiai to seek a gift, beg. Lat. 
 
— 265 — 
 
 vicis meeting, ocurrence, opportunity, turn; vicarius replacing, acting 
 for another; vicissim by turns; victima propitiation, offering, atone- 
 ment; vinco to [face, encounter], conquer (melts with vik to wrench); 
 
 visito, to visit; per-vicax intrusive, importunate, persistent. Goth. 
 
 veihan to encounter, fight ; vaihyo fight ; vaihts (sfxciv) likeness, appear- 
 ance; anything; [for the] sake; veihan, veihnan to offer to the gods, 
 consecrate; veihs holy; A. S. viht anything, any one {wight; vigas); 
 demon (adversary); Goth, uhteigo at fit time, opportune; uhtvo dawn 
 (recurring; Ikaros); aihtron to entreat; A. S. uhte twilight; uhta 
 
 dawn. R. vei^e popular assembly, meeting; JSeloveik [kelo=voltus; 
 
 any face you meet], man; veiko eyelid {vicis); veik [circling] age; 
 
 vei^niy eternal; ves, vsya, vse all (vifvas) ; Lith. [visvas], vissas all. 
 
 Ii.fecht (W. weith, Corn, wyth, Bret, guez )tum, time, occasion, oppor- 
 tunity; den-fecht once; fecht journey; [do-fecht], techt messenger; Techt- 
 mar opportune, welcome; fechtnach lucky; fecht encounter, battle; 
 fich war, feud {simultas) ;festa immediately ;/iac/j debt (favor, hhiot;)], 
 [do-fechte], techte suitable, just, lawful possession; techtaim to possess; 
 techtaire embassador; [do-icaid], dechad I have arrived; [ar-an-icim], 
 airnigim to pray ; fo-igde heggmg;iar-f-aigiin I ask ; ficaim to recompense, 
 pay, count; icz'w to arrive ; W.gwyth, Bvet. guith hostility; O.C. Vectis, 
 Victis Isle of Wight, harbor of refuge; Con-victo-Utavis sheltering, 
 protecting afar; Ir. air-igim to feel some one approaching. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; vingati twenty (attainment, completion, full com- 
 plement of fingers and toes; cf. Ir. ficaim to count) ; vingas twentieth. 
 
 Zd. vtgaiti. Gk. fs'ixoai (Horn. /Ifsfxoat, Boeot. /TxaTt, Lacon. 
 
 ^efxa-rt, Hesych. 'ixav-civ) twenty; eljtosxo? twentieth; eixdi; score, twenti- 
 eth day of month. Lat. viginti; vicesimus; vicies. Ir.fiche (gen. 
 
 [vicentas], fichet) ; W. ttceint, ygeint; Bret, uigent. 
 
 Sk. vanh to flash out ; vask, vashk, ves to speed ; veh to make an 
 effort; viHh to flash, speak, speed; vig to seek eagerly, [pounce into], 
 sit down, take possession, settle, marry, dwell; vigas, vdigyas [house- 
 holder], man of third caste; vigpatis lord, head of clan; vegas, vegyam 
 house; okas house, home; ukh to dwell; vas (uvasa, ushitas, caus. 
 
 vasayami) to dwell; vas to make firm. Zd. vanh to dwell, tarry; 
 
 vtg house, village, clan; vtgpaiti head of clan, chief. Gk. olxo?, 
 
 ohla. house, home, family; o'ixy)[ji,« dwelling; oExlw to colonize, inhabit, 
 dwell; oixelo? domestic; of the family; fit, proper; oixstt)? domestic 
 slave; ofxovdjjios majordomo; Lacon. akvov, alxXov [home-coming], sup- 
 per; ■fyt.a calmly, gently. Lat. vicus village; street; vtcinus neighbor, 
 
 neighboring; [vicilla], villa farm-house. Goth, veihs village, posses- 
 
— 266 — 
 
 sion, estate; 0. H. G. wtch dwelling-place, hamlet. O. R. visi 
 
 farm, estate; R. ves village; Pol. vies village; O. Pruss. vais-pattin 
 house-mother; Lith. veish-pats, ukininkas father of family, master 
 
 {okas) ; ukis farm-house. Ir. ficht clan (Zd. vig) ; os, oc, ocus at the 
 
 house of, at, near, chez; os-car [house-friend], guest; Bret, ok present, 
 face to face; oheh master of house; 0. C. Oc-casus, Oc-usius. 
 
 Sk. same roots; vanh to flash, speed; vanh to grow; vangas family, 
 clan; vas {vasayami, ushya) to dwell, love, marry; vasatis, vastu 
 dwelling, lodging, nest, home ; vdsas dwelling, cage ; vasus home goods, 
 possessions; household gods; vastu possession; vastas goat; vasnam 
 pay, hire, evening-bread; vasu-dha (wealth-giver), vasu-mati (wealth- 
 meter) earth, land, soil; vasd marrow, fat, (life-giving, warming); 
 vdsay to anoint; vastis belly; vas (vase) to [warm one's self], dress; 
 vasman wrap, covering; vasanas clothing; vasanam, vastram, vdsas gar- 
 ment ;vesht to -WTap, clothe ;veeas, veshasTohe, ornament. Zd. vanhto 
 
 shine; vanh to dwell; vanh to clothe; vanhana, vagtra garment. Gk, 
 
 /auTU [village], town, city, capital; daToq citizen; dorixd?, doretoi; urban, 
 agreeable, beautiful; laTfot hearth, home, household, altar, sanctuary; 
 "EoTia, 'IffTiY) goddess of home and state ; luTidu to welcome, entertain, 
 feast; [fotdr]], oiy) village (cf. vas, ushya) ; dnQXY)? villager; [/I'avuiJii], svvuiti 
 (eeato, 6[(x.£vo<;) to clothe, wrap; elixa, I(xa, indxtov, eiavd? wrap, garment, 
 cloak (Dor. Yeorpa, Aeol. 7'e(JiiJi.a, Lacon. §sai:ov, Cypr. ueais) ; /euOoi;, laOij; 
 attire; eavd?, eiavd? beautiful [raiment]; faat? river-drift, fertile 
 
 soil {vastis, vasd); amo? fertile; 'Aa!a; z\w^tY(\ meadow, riverland. 
 
 Lat. vestis, garment; vestio to robe; Vesta; f ostium house-door, wi/t- 
 bulum; vasa household goods; [vesna], verna domestic slave; vescor to 
 live, eat ; 5M-e55agoodsoil, settlement ;5jn-2^55'a old home ; [con-vessatio], 
 
 commissatio feasting ; wa^MW river-drift, mire. Goth, visan (0. H. G. 
 
 wesan) to dwell, tarry, exist, be ; vis calm, peace ; vists existence, nature; 
 vasyan to clothe; vasti garment; A. S. vist fortune, abundance, food; 
 svaes homelike, dear; vasevsxive; we habit, custom ;z;lsa leader (of clan); 
 
 O.H.G.wwf dwelling ;O.Ger.Ari(9-i;wiM5noble fortune. R.w^ village; 
 
 veshki household goods; veshM thing; vishnya cherry-tree; ne-veista 
 
 bride (noviy new)? veseliy joyful. Ir. feiss night's lodging, sleep; 
 
 feiss, feiste entertainment, hospitality, supper; fess, feiss gathering 
 of clan, feast of Tara; foss, fos-sad rest, abiding, tarrying; fostad 
 securing, pacifying; foss (W. gwas, Bret, gwiz) servant, vassal; b^s 
 (Bret. boSz) manner, custom; firm, sure; W.gwistel hostage (taken as 
 member of clan); Bret, guskein to clothe; goi^or servant ; guiz vassal; 
 0. C. Su-essiones (Oulooovs? in Ptolemy, cf. fess); Novio-vaston=iie'W 
 town; Vasates; Basilea. 
 
— 267 — 
 
 Sk. vanh, [vans], vas to shine, grow; van, vas to love, nest, warm; 
 
 nsantas spriiyg; wa^arew morning, day; vasus a genins. Zd. vanh to 
 
 hine; vanhra spring. Gk. [fs<jap], gap, ^p spring; sfapivi?, laptvd? 
 
 remal; i^p<4v6sii,ov, ^ti^iMe^Ltiv narcissus; ylapeq spring (Hesych.). 
 
 Lat. [vesar], ver spring; vernus, vernalis vernal. O. N. var spring. 
 
 0. R. vesna spring; Lith. vasara summer; vasarinis summer (adj.). 
 
 Ir. errach spring; eruchor spring-pipe (bark peels in spring); 
 
 ). C. basium kiss (p. 262). 
 
 Sk.va to blow; vanh to flash; vank to veer, dash round, wheel, move 
 ound; vankas river-bend; vankris rib; va§„ vanH to go round; van^ 
 o ensnare, cheat; vi^ to whirl, tremble ; z;w/}, vi^, vik {vinakmi, viviktas) 
 o twist, wrench away, abandon, desert ; vish, viH to whirl, scatter; u^0i 
 o abandon ; unh to twist, vex; ukh, okh to go round, to wring dry, adorn; 
 ikhd round pot ; vig to make ends meet ; uk to meet ; ukh, unkh to bind, 
 
 ;ather. Gk. f«Yvu(jii (fl/(itTY)v) to wrench away, break; dyiAos, ot^o? 
 
 )reach, fracture; (iaYigs unbreakable; fdyoCTTd? palm of hand, elbow 
 curved) ; (Syjid? orbit; dxvlw to draw back, shrink, hesitate; iyik&XjUi to 
 Touch; fs'ifjwi) (fifsi^a) to curve, yield, give way, retreat, permit; 
 IxtetxT]? gentle; slxi] at random {vik)\ ylyxaXov gentle (Hesych.); ijxa 
 jently, softly; aJxaXXw to manage, coax, flatter (p. 108) ; oix-retpw to 
 jity (but cf. p. 271); pixo?, ^iittov round bowl; ofjtoi; coiled hair, roll, 
 nass; termination -ly?, -uy? of choking, pressure; (jhqv-iy^, Xdp(ji.Y5, 
 
 jstpuy^ (p. 4 ); ^tx,(a (Lat. vicia) beans (plucked; legumina). Lat. 
 
 lagor to roam; vexo; uncus bent, hook; incus anvil; red. [vivex], vibex 
 whirl], stripe, weal ; uncia [handful], ounce ; cdd-ucus bent to fall; vincio 
 
 o bind; vinco to force to yield, conquer. O. H. G. wichu to yield, 
 
 ;ive way, be weak; O. N. vik bay; viking roving, piracy; A. S. vecce 
 nek; vince, winch; vicce witch (binding, hypnotizing; cf. spulen, spell) ; 
 
 ler. wickeln to twist; Winkel corner. R. vyazat to bind; veizhliviy 
 
 obliging, courteous; svikhnut to twist; sveizhevat to strip; sveizhii 
 resh-plucked ; vyazhushkii astringent; vyazkii [binding], sticky, miry; 
 'zyat to seize; visnut to hold fast; vitza osier; uzh adder; uzhas horror; 
 iznik prisoner; uzel knot; uzkii narrow, choking; ugar stove-fume; 
 
 igol coals (p.p. 4, 183); Lith. vingis river bend; ugrus stove. Ir. 
 
 Igim to [wattle], weave; fastaim, astaim to grasp; fuach a verse; 
 uachimm to ven; fuascur horror; i^cht [gripping] cold; W. gwascaru = 
 be separated, Z. 322; Bret, goaskein to press, twist, choke, crush; 
 mngus], fangus miry; O. C. Bingium river-bend. 
 
 Sk. unh to twist, vex; ukh, okh to [wreathe], adorn, [wring out], 
 Iry; uksh to [wring out, milk], drip, sprinkle, wet, beget; ukshan bull. 
 
— 268 — 
 
 stallion; vish to wrench off, wring out, sprinkle; vish, vishta dung 
 (squeezed out); [vashfas], vashpas tear; visham poison (wrung out, 
 dripping sap) ; visha-pushpam blue lotus ; visam lotus stalk, water-lily 
 (coiling); vishus much, abundant, brimming, on both sides, equal; 
 vishuvant keeping in the middle; vishuvam equinox; Vishnus the 
 monsoon; dripping, life-giving rain; contrasted with fivas the gender- 
 ing, impetuous, tropic sun, creator and destroyer. Zd. visha, vis 
 
 poison. Gk. dxeiio) to beget; [ftuo?], t6<; rust, venom; [flu], ^fa 
 
 flowers (Hesych.); Yov violet, snow-drop, iris; YovOos pimple; down; 
 iaaxiq woad; [(cyaaiwviQ], faaitivr) bind-weed (twisting); lao^at to 
 [use herbs], heal; Yaai? healing; 'laaco goddess of healing; 'I^awv the 
 healing sun (p. 107 ; connected with Medea and her herbs p. 81) ; iatpiis 
 physician; [/efioo?] st(r(i (fem. Horn.), [fiufo?], Icto?, 'tuo?, (yicfo; 
 Hesych.) level, even, equal, fair, even-balanced (vishus); hux; per- 
 chance; i](Ji-iau?, equal half; half; fi^6q, Aeol. ^iav.6q mistletoe, mistletoe 
 juice, bird-lime (squeezed-out, sticky, tenacious; cf. Mist; mistletoe= 
 sticky toe, catch-claw); i^-faxo? mallow {d<^(>)); t^u? loins (squeezing, 
 belted); £axiov hip-joint, haunch; ta/vdq slender; Eaxii? strength; (Hesych. 
 Yfaxu?, §WX"S strength; yiq thong); Ix-sfcjiov groin; ix%q fish 
 
 (slimy, wriggling). Lat. viscus bird-lime; viscera entrails; visio= 
 
 peditus; [visus], virus venom; cere-visia beer (p. 166); vis (plu. [vises], 
 vires) force, strength; [unhva, ugva], uva grapes (squeezed, pressed); 
 ungo to squeeze down, anoint; Uvor, umor moisture; Uvidus, umidus 
 moist; Umecto to moisten; bit-Hmen (p. 35); alUmen (p. 117); lact-Oca 
 milk-juice, lettuce ; legUmen pulse (wrapped, podded) ; sub-ikula tight 
 under-garment, tunic; aer-Ugo verdigris; ferrUgo iron-rust; [vixidus], 
 hispidus dense, tangled, shaggy; biso [splasher, marsh-ox], bison; 
 
 focco to crush clods, harrow {dkh)f ocreae leg-bands? Goth, auhsa, 
 
 O. H. G. ohso bull, ox; O. Sax. vahs, A. S. veax wax (tenacious, sticky); 
 O. H. G. wiskian to squeeze, rub, brush off; waskan, A. S. vascan to 
 scrub, wash; A. S. vos juice, broth; O. N. vds, vos moisture; ansa to 
 draw water, sprinkle; a bucket; au^tr bilge-water; veisa ditch; 0. Ger, 
 Idisia-viso nymph-meadow (p. 11); 0. H. G. weisunt aorta, arteries 
 (pipes, lily-stem, visam) ; M. H. G. veisen, A. S. vaesend wind-pipe; A.S. 
 
 vesle weasel; M. H. G. visellin. R. vosk, Lith. vashkas wax; Lith. 
 
 ukana rain-storm {ukh) ; R. vyazkil glutinous. Ir. [vis], fi poison, 
 
 evil; \visu], fiu equal, worthy; ochradh leg-bands, leggings; [fo-fiscik\ 
 faiscim to squeeze; Bret, [vis], gui mistletoe; Ir. dsaic washing; ««i 
 water; ess waterfall; ess ox; usee, O. W. uisc water {uksh); W. wysi 
 stream; 0. C. Isca (Exe, Usk, Axe); E^ca (Isch) ;Escia {lsse);Isc-ara 
 water-current (Ischer) ; Isci-ona (Essonnes) ; Isis, Isontio; Is-ara (Is^re, 
 Isar) ; Esio (Oise) ; Sal-uxsia (Selzbach) ; Tam-esis, Ath-esis, Pad-usa; 
 
— 269 — 
 
 Itis-ava (Oose) ; Aus-oba; Aux-onna, Axona; Sal-assi (leaping torrents, 
 aountaineers) ; Mori-mar-usa big-sea-water; Axs-ingin-ehae nymphs 
 ingen daughter) ; Osca fountain; Nem-ausus (p. 32). 
 
 Sk. vd to blow; [vanh, vans to pufE, inflate, swell]; vangas reed; 
 'akshas [swollen] breast; vanh, bank to swell, grow; vahus, bahus, 
 \ahugas, bahulas much; banhishtas most; bahulas [wind-cloud], black, 
 [loomy ; iih to [roll up], argue, produce, exceed; o^as strength (p. 263) ; 
 'aksh {ukshami, vavaksha, ukshitas) to grow, gain strength; caus. 
 
 takshaydmi to increase. Zd. vohu-mad very wise; ucs to grow. 
 
 Gk. aii^w (Horn, f&fi^ui), aij^iivo) {-tii^aa) to grow up, increase, 
 
 )ring up, exalt, honor; au^mq growth, amplification, augment; 
 Ic^os young branch; opening of womb; scrotum; fSaxoq [puffed] 
 vine-skin, bladder; n6X-aCTYo( = black-skins; aav.k(i> to build up muscle, 
 ncrease strength; to twine, shape, work, fashion (ukh; ukhd pot); 
 ^i^ewto [be puffed up], boast; au^iivneck (vangas reed; unh) ; dyiiiSti) to 
 iistend, swell, puff up, heap up, rear, honor; S^Oo? height, hill. 
 
 Dank; 875101; swelling, bulk, pride; oy/vy) pear. Lat. augeo to grow 
 
 [p. 263), increase; auxilium help [to growth, power] ; [vahstus\, vastus 
 swollen, immense; con-vexus swollen, turgid; [ob-vexus], obesus fat 
 [cf. axtu, astu); [vangas swollen, empty, cf. gunyas], vacuus empty; 
 jaco to have leisure; vastus desolate, vast; bucca [distended] cheek, 
 
 mouth (p. 46) ;6Mccwa trumpet. Goth..vahsyantowax, grow; vahstus 
 
 stature, size ; us-vahsans adult ; aiihuma higher; aiihumists highest ; aukan 
 to increase; auk also (oi); auhns oven {ukhd; Heb. tanniXr); O. N. 
 2uka to increase; auksla increase; auki heaping; ausa to cast up earth; 
 voxtr growth; O. H. G. wango cheek (puffed); Goth. TOggan pillow 
 
 {guanciah). Lith.aM&5/iia5high,tall;aMgMtogrow;R.uo2,TO5, upward. 
 
 Ir. fdsaim, dsaim to grow; asait parturition; ds growth, size; 
 
 isca moon (waxing); fds further, also; fds [puffed], empty; fdsach 
 wilderness (wild growth) ; fesog beard ; ucht breast (vakshas) ; ucht-ard 
 swollen; liachtar the upper part (comp.); Vassal high; ds, iias above; 
 OSS stag; os-sad high-peace, treaty; os-car guest; W. uch over, higher; 
 Bret, ihu^l high; iohein to heap; O. C. Uxello-dunum; Uxantis {Wissant, 
 Ushant); Vesontio; Uxellius, Oxello, Oxso; Oxubii mountaineers; 
 Oxi-carus = OS-car (honored friend); Oxo-garus; Osso-rigion; Uxama, 
 Ossismii, Auximum; Vosegus {fesog, shaggy, forest) ; Vascones (fdsach). 
 
 Sk. unh to twist, vex; okh to wreathe, adorn, wring out; uh to [roll 
 up, roll together], begin; 0^05 force, generation; oghas multitude, flood. 
 
 Gk. 'Qxeav(5?, "Qysvo? encircling ocean C^yff^ Hesych.); (iyevtoc 
 
 ancient (p. 239); 'CLfuyla island of Calypso; ancient name of Egypt; 
 
— 270 — 
 
 of Athens; diyuYios primeval ('Qxeaviq is attracted by (oxuq; the whirl 
 of space); 'QyuYY)? (p. 263); Aeux-aXfwv is Phoenician Duk-elyon the 
 stroke of God; cf. Il[iy\>.-aX'u>)v = Pangam-elyon stroke of God; HiippS 
 =red blood, human (p. 50). 
 
 Sk. vd to blow; vangas reed; vanh, vas, viMh to [be blown, burn], 
 flash, shine; vdsaras day, [summer]; vasantas spring; ush {dshami, 
 ausami) to shine, bum; ushas dawn; ushnas hot, summer; ushana 
 pepper; iishas salt-desert; ilsh to be fevered; oshas burning; oshtas 
 upper lip (thirsty); ushtras camel; visar dawn; usras, usriya ray of 
 
 light, [morning milking], cow. Zd. vanh, ush to shine, bum. 
 
 Gk. [auaw], auto, auw to kindle; suw, eiJu to singe; suatpa cauldron; 
 
 parched barley; Ivauat^a embers, spark of life; ^auvo? forge, furnace 
 (vanh); pav-auao? smith, mechanic; ^daavo? [waw^] [crucible], test- 
 stone (v. p. 46); auxpiew to be dry, parched, withered, sunburned, 
 harsh; auaXso?, aiJXf.T)p6<;, autTTaXlo?, ausTTjpo? sunburned, rough, harsh; 
 aCwq, i^w? [kindling] dawn; a\i%\>.iq drought; uasa^, uaaaxo? fire-drill; 
 uaadq dart; uaa-toxo? [thirsty-mouth], hyssop; eSpo? east wind 
 
 (airrjXttoTiQs) ; eupicjx,o) to [see clearly], find. Lat. uro (ussi, ustus) 
 
 to burn; ustio burning, singeing; Ustica sunny- valley ; uriica nettle; 
 (Etrusc. (=Umbr.) Usil, Sabine .Am^sZ sun-god); Aurelius ; [aiisosa], 
 aurora; Osci [sunburned] lowlanders; ostium mouth of river (eager for 
 
 sea) ; door of home (05 p. 9) ; [ausrum], aurum gold. 0. H. G. usilvar 
 
 yellow; M. H. G. iisel embers; O. H. G. ostan east; Osiara goddess of 
 
 light; O. N. austr east; usli fire. Lith. aushra dawn; aushta it 
 
 dawns; R. usta mouth; ds moustache (oshtas); ustavat to [pant], be 
 
 weary ;M5toz; word of mouth, command. Jr. fichim to boil, spring up, 
 
 (vikh) ; [fasn], an flashing, brilliant, dnius splendor. 
 
 Sk.vd to blow ; vanh, banh to inflate ; vag to desire ; 7;af to[utter],shout, 
 howl ; viHh to cry, flash out, speak (cf . vas, vesht) ; vak (vaMmi, vaktas, 
 uvdfSa) to speak, call; caus. vdUaydmi to employ priest, invoke, read; 
 desid. vivaksh; vakas speech, word, song; vaUanam command; vaktram 
 mouth, face ; vdls voice ; vdUyatd imprecation, abuse ; vangh to scold; 
 vagmin eloquent (melt with vdnksh p. 260); vakas crane; uktam 
 
 sentence. Zd. vafi, vakanh word. Gk. [/t/axw], Jax<* t° ^'^°"* 
 
 (p. 109); ^ai^u (Pa^w) to speak, prophesy, rebuke; ^aY(i.a, §a^i? saying, 
 rumor, oracle; dpaxY^? speechless; 2§a§ [private secretary, clerk], 
 counting-board, draught-board, square tablet, side-board; §«i»«!v(i) 
 to revile (p. 262); ^wlfi) (^aij^w) to snarl, yell, shriek; i^xeu to ring 
 out, peal, echo; xa.-zr\yk(ii to repeat, call to those below, instruct; 
 /(iyxioitai to bray; [vagya] oaoa voice, rumor, oracle; /ewoq (i/af) word, 
 
— 271 — 
 
 oracle, poetry; [/s/exov], ietxov, elicov I said; Iv-ox-^ bird-cry, war- 
 shout; 8il< voice; redup. ixoi}* hoopoe; olxToq wailing {vikk; afEected by 
 oT alas?) ; oIxTO? pity; oix-rpdi; pitiful; ocxiefpcoto pity; x^-fii^ gull; x^p-u? 
 
 [fatal voice], herald (p. i6i). Lat. voco to csX\.;vox voice; con-vtcium 
 
 imprecation; [praevicae], praeficae wallers (vikh); prae[vi]co crier, 
 herald; per-vicax importunate; in-vi[ci]to to invite; vacca cow (cf. 
 
 6-^v.io^ai; gdus); Vacuna (oracle); buccina (^aijl^u). Goth, auhyon 
 
 to shout, be tumultuous; svegnyan to shout; uf-svogyan to sigh, groan; 
 A. S. svogan to roar, rustle, buzz (vangh) ; O. H. G. wahan (gawuog), 
 
 ga-wahanyan to mention; gi-wdht rumor; Ger. wiehern to whinny. 
 
 0. Pruss. en-wakimai we invoke; Serv. vikati to shout; O. R. vykaniye 
 clamor; R. vizzhat to yell, yelp; {vikh, vangh); veisMii prophetic 
 
 (p. 265). Ir. do-fac-thar], duacthar he speaks; fo-\f\egim to shout, 
 
 vrsLTn; faech-dg [voice-force], conch-shell? ochsad, ochnad a. groan; O.C. 
 Vocontii, Vacontii; Voccio; Focunates; Bello-vaci; Cat-occonos (^oi^v 
 (iYa6(5<;, Cadogan). 
 
 Sk. vag to long for; vag to cry, weep; [vaggas], vashpas tear; vapor; 
 [vagaras, vaskaras, vasparas calling cattle home ; farewell to-day ; last 
 sad note; nightingale; the evening; cf. p. 141]. Gk. laxlpa even- 
 ing; adj. forms eaxspo?, Etrxepio?, eaxeptvd?. Lat. vesper, vespera; 
 
 adj. vespertinus; vespertilio bat. Lith. vakaras evening; O. R. vekeru 
 
 evening, &A.).ve^erini. Ir.fescor evening; W. ucher; Corn, gurth-uher 
 
 (gurth= frith, towards). The thought blends with tear = dew, and 
 vashk, vask to go [round]; to [gleam], see. 
 
 Dental formations from va follow the lines of the labials (pp. 
 220-223) ; in many of the series the initial v becomes b and remains 
 unchanged in the cognate languages. 
 
 Sk. va to blow [eddy, circle]; vadh, bddh to whirl round, beat back; 
 vex, confuse; vddhd torture; badhiras [dizzy, confused], deaf, dumb, 
 vyath to be whirled, agitated, confused; odanas [stirred], boiled rice; 
 audanikas cook; vyadh, vidh to whirl, hurl, wound [with dart]; to 
 shoot; vidhus [circling, orbing] moon; vidhas [recurring, constant] 
 nature, disposition; vedhas creator; Brahma and Qivas; vadh, badh, 
 van, ban to [brandish, hurl], strike, beat, pound, kill, ruin; vadhar 
 thunderbolt, dart; vedhas, vedhanam wounding, wound; vedana pain; 
 vint to perish; vanas, bdnas arrow; vadhas slaughter; uth to wound, 
 strike; otus [pouncer], cat ;but to hurt, kill; bud to hurl, send; vat, vant, 
 bant, vand to [toss round], distribute, be generous; vaddnyas generous, 
 liberal, noble, eloquent (winged words) ; vat, vad, bat to speak, call. 
 
— 272 — 
 
 shout, revile, flat'ter; vand to praise, celebrate; badh to revile; van, 
 van, ban, vit, bit to sound; vid to shout; [vyad], vid to glance round, 
 perceive (cf . akshan, spag, '6i^) ; to find, discover, think, reflect {volvere 
 animo) ; to dwell {versari) ; budh to know, perceive ; bundh, bund, 
 bud to [be attentive, listen], hear; udaudakam [eddying] water (cf. 
 ambhas) ; tidan wave; ud, und (p.p. uttas) to wet; udras water-creature; 
 udhas udder ; vdd, bad to bathe ; vath, bath to be round, fat, large ; vatas 
 circle, banyan-tree; vadaras, badaras ju^vibe, cotton-boll; forest ;mMojre 
 water, forest ; vadavd [pregnant, swelling] mare ; vadhu female animal, 
 woman, daughter-in-law; vidhavd widow (cf. postumus=post +tumeo); 
 vatsas [embryo], cub, calf, child, darling (cf. yetAW, gemini, keimen); 
 vatsakas little calf; vatsas, vatsaras year (circling, generating, reviving); 
 vatsataras yearling bull ; vat to surround, hedge, enclose, bind, tie, join, 
 wrap, robe; vetas reed, axoivo?; vand to surround, robe; vesht to robe 
 (attracted by vas) ; bud to cover; badh, bandh to bind, tie, fasten, make 
 firm, grasp, cling to, adhere; vandis, vandi captive, slave; bandhus 
 kinsman, relation (roots melt with sphand, p. 51); vadabis hut-poles, 
 tie-beams, rafters; [vat], ut [swelling] out, up (cf. sidi, super, p. 221). 
 
 Sk. vadh, badh to whirl round, confuse, twist, vex; vadha torture; 
 badhiras [dizzy], confused, dumb; vyath to be whirled, agitated, con- 
 fused, hunted; odanas [stirred], boiled rice (cf. ud to wet); dtidanikas 
 [stirrer], cook; vyadh, vidh to whirl, hurl, hunt, drive, shoot, wound; 
 vedhas wound ; vedana pain ; vadh (vadhishydmi) , badh to brandish, whirl, 
 pound, wound, kill; apa-vadh to thrust back; vadhas slaughter; vadhar, 
 vadhatram thunderbolt, dart; vand to [wrench off], cut off, divide; 
 bud to leave behind; badh to vex, spurn; van to vex, strike; vast 
 to vex, kill; uth to strike, wound; but to hurt, kill; bud to hurl, send; 
 vunt, vint to kill, perish ; vindus drop (whirled, scattered) ; Vindhyas 
 
 mountains of rain. Zd. vad to strike; vddhay to beat back, thrust 
 
 away, ward off; vadare missile. Gk. (oOew (/e/uija) to thrust, 
 
 drive, hurl back; (oOfl^u, toffrii^w to rush, thrust, jostle; vuOij?, vuBpi; 
 sluggish (vTQ- negative); ^owtiqi;, Botutii; ox-goader, plowman; (iBivu 
 to be [twisted], in labor-pangs; (iSt? throe, birth, rope; oOo^iai to 
 [shove back], dread, be on one's guard; dSuvYj pain; ih&ia\j.6(; effort, 
 rush, battle; dBsXdq spit; (56vetoq [driven, banished], afar, foreign; 
 'OSuoosij; {vadh +msh) the sun, striding through bloody clouds, wading 
 the ocean-stream, destroyer of night and winter, slayer of suitor stars, 
 conqueror of Hades, husband of old moon (Penelope), love of new- 
 moon (Circe), father of morning and evening stars (Telemachus, 
 Telegonus); PaS(!;a) to stride, go; ^ctSos a walk; Sl^o? sprout (thrusting, 
 shooting); "OBpu? wild-wood? olsrpo? goad, gad-fly, madness (vast); 
 
— 273 — 
 
 [/o/il^us], 6'((,ii; woe, hardship, misery (vyadh, vidh); CSvdw to writhe, 
 double with pain, twist a ball; ^uGlw, ^oifjOlw {bddh, [byadh]) to come 
 to the rescue, help; (SuoTj'C'^p, d/oocnjtiQp (dt synth.) [thrusting back foe]* 
 helper; eJvocE-cpuXXo? leaf-shaking; Iv-oof-xOuv earth-shaking; ofiTdu 
 to wound; 'Qto? brother of Ephi-altes, pouncing storm {otus cat); 
 (i9Xsijo), f(i/e6Xs6(i) to wrestle, strive in games, race; SsOXo?, d(0Xoq 
 
 contest. Lat. vado to stride, push forward, rush, advance, march, 
 
 wade; di-vido to cut in two {vidh, vedhas) ; odi (osus) to [thrust away], 
 hate {odi- et arceo); vind-emia vintage (vindus drop; emo p. 21); 
 vindicor to [hunt], avenge; audeo {ausus cf. (Ssotjtiqp) to push forward, 
 venture, dare; vasto to ravage (vast); bestia wild beast; veto {uth, but) 
 
 to [beat back], forbid; 0. Lat. buttu fool (badhiras, but). O. N. 
 
 audhn [pushing on, venturing], wilderness; audhr wide-world, far, 
 empty; audhna luck; f audhr wealth; fddhr, 6tt violent, capricious; 
 oddr spear-point; oedha to rage, rush; Odhinn storm-wind, W6dan; 
 otull, atalt cruel, terrible; odhlaz to attain, win; odhal hereditary 
 possession; veidha to hunt; vddhi, vodhi -peril; VSfodhr defender, Thor; 
 vtdha [shooting], far, wide; vidhr wild-wood, tree; vidhra to rage, 
 storm (Sk. vadhar) ; vestr [empty land], west; vondr angry, bad; vandi 
 danger; bodha to venture, roam; bddh battle (badh, but; hardened v 
 remains unchanged); bedhr [pounced into; lair], bed (Xl^os, p. 128); 
 bidha to settle in chosen home, abide, remain; btdh delay; bauta 
 to strike, beat; bauta-steinn monument of the dead; beita to make an 
 effort; beina to stretch out, strengthen; beinn able, vigorous; bein 
 leg, bone; A. S. vadan to trample, push forward, wade; vod wild, 
 furious; vudu wood; baedan to impel, cheer; beadu battle; bedtan to 
 thrust, strike; Goth, voihs mad; vithon to hurl; auths desert (O. H. G. 
 
 6di ; ode) ; beidan to wait ; bauths dumb, mad (badhiras). R. vodit, vesti 
 
 to lead (caus. of vado) ; bodat to gore, butt; bodetz cock's spur; bodrost 
 courage; bit to break, fight, carry off; beidoviy hot-headed, turbulent; 
 
 po-beida victory; beida (Lith. id.) woe, misery (p. 51). Ir. feidm 
 
 an effort; feidhlimin enduring, resisting (PheUm); fedaim to drive, 
 leid ; fdidim to send ; ude j ourney ; [vodu, vodv], fodb weapons ; fod-brond, 
 adbrond fist, knuckle; fot, fota, fada long [shot]; fdth, fdd [impulse], 
 cause; fiiath hate (W. gwyth, Bret, guith anger); fuasnaim to whirl, 
 rage; fiiat death-bier; iiath terror, terrible; [do-Hath], tikiih north, left- 
 hand; fuafaigim to plunder; fidnae weapon (vidh) ; idu pain (vedana) ; 
 fiadach hunting; fiad wild, wild-deer; fid (W. gwidenn, Bret, guezen 
 cf. 0. N. vidhr) tree; othar labor, effort, exhaustion, sickness; liaithne 
 childbirth ((iSt?) ; *^oiwg hinge; [badu, badv], fecz<i6 battle-fury; crow; 
 bHadraim to whirl, vex, 6.istvLTh;biXadartha eddying, impetuous; buden 
 war-band; biiadach victorious; baithes whirlpool; bdidim to whelm, 
 18 
 
— 274 — 
 
 drown; bddud shipwreck; bdeth rough, turbulent, fierce; for-bdetl 
 confused, stupid; bodar deaf; [banu, banv], banb, (W. banw, Bret, bano 
 swine; W. baedd wild-boar; Bret, boutein to thrust; O. C. Vidu-cassei 
 forest-warriors; Vod-goriacum; Autus (liaih) ; Auta-ritos whirling 
 charioteer; Aut-rig-ones terrible chiefs; Aui[s]essio-durum abode oj 
 terror; Audasius (fodb); Oiho (otus); Odarus, Odiates; Baedarus wild 
 boar; Baetis eddying? Boud-icca victorious helper; Budicius; Boduo- 
 gnatus son of war (badb); B audio; ando-batta blindfold fencer (Ir, 
 andhas blind) ; Badu-henna (senna) Bellona's shrine (or beadu+Hain). 
 
 Sk. vyadh, vadh to hunt, shoot; vyath to be hunted. Gk. IXjn 
 
 (oBuSa) to [be hunted, leave scent], smell (intrans.) ; (5B(xti, dajii] scent; 
 
 Sus-wSt)? ill-smelling. -Lat. odorari to snufi, scent; odor scent. 
 
 Lith. udzhu (inf. usti) to track, detect, scent; udimas snufSng, scent. 
 
 Sk. vant, bant, vand to [toss round], distribute, be generous; vadan- 
 yas, vaddnyas [dashing, impetuous], generous, liberal, noble, eloquent; 
 
 vat, bat to talk freely. Gk. ^ataviov libation-bowl; ^azaloi;, 
 
 BaQuXXo? wanton; ^a.txo'koyiu), uGXsw to be talkative; ^aiuXi) [child], 
 dwarf; foio^oq din, tumult; 6'Z'zzio\>.xi to divine by chance sounds; 
 ^aTo? berry-bush (whorl); /Ito? random, in vain; /oaTXiY^, poorpuxo; 
 [whirling], curl, tendril, flash of lightning; ^dtpuq cluster (bath) ; PaTpa^o; 
 
 [speckle-back], frog. Lat. ventus veering wind (cf. p. 209); batillum 
 
 shovel of coals, censer; vetillum trifle. Goth, vandyan, vindan to 
 
 turn around, revolve, wend, wind; us-vandi leading astray; bandvyan 
 to wave hand, beckon, give signal; bansts granary (bounty); 0. N- 
 vanda to be active, zealous; vdndr [thrown away], lacking (ver- 
 schwenden; schwinden); veita to turn to, be gracious, hospitable, pass 
 round, wait upon; venda to turn; vinda to wind; vandi [recurring] 
 custom ; kinship ; fandra to wander ; biodha to hand round, offer ; biodh 
 dish, round table, circuit, earth, sky; A. S. vandrian to wander; 
 
 vundrian to wonder; Ger. wandeln; Vandali. Ir. fonn, ond (gen. 
 
 uinde) [hurling] stone; faindel wandering, roving; faindelach rover, 
 simpleton; fotha handful of com for quern; a portion; [fjada portion, 
 share ; bann, band a ball ; banna a drop (dashed) ; band, bann an 
 exploit, feat; Bret, baneh drop; bann somersault; [turning] shutter; 
 ball of thread; bannein to totter, upset; baniiez banquet (fecht)', 
 bannein to curse, ban; bandein to [shoot], prime gun; guintal to whirl 
 down, wind up (quintal) ; O. C. Vindel-ici wanderers; Bandus, Band- 
 riium; Band-usia dashing water? 
 
 Sk. same roots; vaddnyas dashing, eloquent; uod (vaddmi) to speak, 
 shout, call, chant, revile, flatter; caus. vddaydmi to make music; 
 
— 275 — 
 
 vad to speak, command; abhi-vad to greet, salute; vand to praise 
 bow down; vaditras musician; musical instrument; vddas speech, 
 music; vandanam, vadanam speech, mouth, face; vat, hat to speak; 
 van, ban to sound; vit, bit, vid to sound, call, yell; vidalas cat; badh 
 
 to revile (melts with bhand to mock, p. 53"). Gk. uSsw to praise, 
 
 celebrate, name; uSiqi; poet; aiSiw to cry out, utter, speak, address, 
 chant, utter oracle; au5iQ voice, note, sound, oracle, song; [/d/sfSw], 
 (isfSu to utter, sing, praise, sound; dotSd; singer, bard, enchanter; 
 iotSi^ song; dr)S(iv, d^riSciv nightingale, flute; 'Hof-oSo? sweet song 
 
 (p. 214); duT^o) to shout; (in9ia-§i()TEti) to argue; discuss (bat). Lat. 
 
 vates poet, prophet (vat) ; vaticinium -prophecy {cano, p. 251); Vaticanus; 
 
 fac-undus eloquent (p. 45); veto to forbid (vat). 0. H. G. far-wazu 
 
 to curse, contradict; Goth, veit-vodyan to [utter] testimony, testify 
 (form [vadh], badh) ; 0. N. bidha, beidha (bit) to challenge, demand, 
 request (bitten); bidhya to issue orders, command, be impetuous, 
 desire, summon, invite, offer (bid, gebieten); bidhill wooer; bodha 
 to announce, bear tidings, bode ; A. S. beddan to proclaim; bedt promise; 
 
 for-beddan to forbid; Goth, bidyan to ask. Lith. vadinu to call, 
 
 summon, lure; O. R. vaditi to accuse. Ir. fded, fdeth cry, warning; 
 
 fed a whistle ; feddn pipe ; Finn-Faidhech clear- voiced ; fdith prophet, 
 poet ; bindius melody ; W . gwaedd a cry ; gwawd poem ; Gwydion prophet ; 
 Bret, udein to roar, howl; French /ode prophetess, fairy; O. C. ouaTef? 
 prophets; Fadius, Faedius, Fadiliacus, Fatiliacus, Fato; Fata Morgana 
 (Mori-gena sea-born) . 
 
 Sk. vadh, vyadh to whirl; [vid to glance round; cf. akshan, p. 1]; 
 vid (vedmi, viditas) to perceive, know, reflect, judge; to find, attain, 
 obtain settlement, dwell; caus. vedaydmi to proclaim; vid (vinddmi) 
 to discover; (vidye) to discover one's self, be conscious, exist; vedas 
 scripture; viditas discovered, gained; vdidyas philosopher, physician, 
 
 Veda scholar; vidyd knowledge, learning. Gk. /elSov (aorist) to 
 
 see, become acquainted, observe, investigate; foISa (perfect) to 
 know; d^o\i.ai to appear, resemble; elSo?, iUa appearance, face, 
 beauty; s'lSwXov image; IlYiXE-tSY)?, IIyiXeESiqs [image], own son of Peleus; 
 iiSeiJ? grandson; fvSoiXXotJiat to resemble, seem; 'A-tSiQ? unseen world. 
 Hades; BSvt)?, uSt)? knowing, experienced; 'ifSpt? experienced, pru- 
 dent; Yircup skilled, prud'homme, judge; loToplw to investigate, learn, 
 
 write history; pfBso? overseer. Spartan magistrate. Lat. video 
 
 to see; videor to appear; visio sight; viso to observe, take aim; vide-licet 
 one can see; to wit; fideo with this aim, therefore; [idoneus [skilled], 
 
 suitable, fit. Goth, veit-vods witness; fair-veitl theatre; viian to 
 
 watch, guard, learn, know; to be wary, shun; vissa I knew; vitoth 
 
— 276 — 
 
 law; A. S. vit reason; vita counsellor; vis wise; visian to show, guide* 
 
 vise way, manner; vitan to take cognisance. O. R. videiti to see* 
 
 veideiti to know; R. vid appearance; veid to wit, therefore; Lith. 
 veidas face; vyzdis apple of eye; veizdmi I see; 0. Pruss. waidimai 
 
 we know. Ir. fetor I kaow,fetaim I can (know how) ; fiss knowledge; 
 
 fis sight, vision; finnaim to discover, find, bring to light; Jinn, find 
 (W. gwynn, Bret, guen) white; O. W. Guend-elin white doe; Ir. 
 Bu-binda, Bo-finde white cow; Ir. fiad evident, present, watcher; 
 fiad honor, rank (presence) ; Fiadu God; did care, heed, watchfulness; 
 id6n= videlicet, to wit; Cor. guidthial guardian; 'Bret. gwezen, gwythm 
 to watch, guard; 0. C. Vindo-bona; Vindo-nissa (p. 26); Vindara. 
 
 Sk. vadh, vyadh to [whirl, eddy]; vadh to [twist, wring out]; uda- 
 udakam water (cf . ambhasp. 19 ; usee -p. 268) ; und (p.p. unnas) to be wet; 
 ud {unadmi, undami, p.p. uttas) to gush, wet ; wdaw wave ; udyas, uddhyas 
 river; an-udras waterless; ud-anyd thirst; Odhar, Odhas udder (wrung, 
 squeezed); udaram belly; utsas fountain; tidras water-animal, otter; 
 
 vad, bad to bathe ; odmas flooding, wetting. Zd. udra water-creature, 
 
 Gk. uSwp (Boeot. ouSwp) water; uSpi'a water-pot; uSpaEvw to water; 
 
 avuSpoq waterless; CiSapiQ? watery; BSp-uifi dropsy; EiSpa water-snake; 
 ouOap udder; fertile land; 6Svea> to nourish; ovOo? dung; [^aSovelov], 
 §a>.avetov bath (cf . vadabhis valabhis rafters ; infra) ; Phryg. §eSu 
 
 water, atmosphere. Lat. Hdus wet; unda wave; pal-Mem marsh; 
 
 har-undo reed ; vadum water, water-surface ; [udher, Ufer], Hber udder 
 
 (cf. rudh, rufus, ruber, p. 149) ; ubertas plenty. Goth, vato, 0. H. G, 
 
 wazar, O. N. vatn, Swed. vand water; 0. H. G. unda wave; A. S. vad 
 sea; ydh wave; vat wet; ilder udder; oter otter; baeth (0. N. bad) bath 
 {bad); Goth, vunds, O.N. undr bleeding, wounded; O.N. vedhr air, 
 
 weather (^eSu). O. R. voda (Lith. vandu) water; vydra otter; R. 
 
 vedro clear air, fair weather; bedro thigh (generating); bedrenetz pim- 
 pernel. Ir. fand tear; Fand water-goddess; fithnaise poison, sorcery 
 
 (wrung out); bdidim to dive, sink; bddud wreck; fond bottom; Bret. 
 goed blood; b^del water-pot; beaden drowning; 0. C. Cori-ondi lords 
 of the wave ; Vedra river; Tar-vedum cross-water, promontory, Tarbet; 
 baditis water-lily. 
 
 Sk. vyath to whirl about; vant, vand to toss round, surround, wrap; 
 vath, bath to be round, fat; vat to wrap, hedge, clothe, make ends meet, 
 join, unite; tad-vat [this circle], as great as; vadabhis, valabhis hut- 
 poles, rafters; ut, ud [tossing] up; [dashing] out [of the circle]; uttaras, 
 uttamas farther, farthest [from ring-wall] ; utas as (hoop ends) ; utavd or 
 (bending aside) ; badh, bandh (badhnami) to bind, make firm, [puU 
 
— 277 — 
 
 tight], prolong; va'nd to cover; vantharas rope, sheath of bamboo; 
 vesht to wrap, clothe (p. 266) ; vand to [wrench off], cut off, halve, 
 divide; vatas circle, equality, banyan; vadaras, badaras [entangling] 
 forest, pod, jujube; vadava mare (swelling, pregnant); vadku, badhu 
 female animal, woman, daughter-in-law (cf. Fr. bru daughter-in-law, 
 Ir. brU womb) ; udaramhelly ; [vyadhavd], vidhavawidow (Lat.post-tufneo, 
 posiumus) ; vidhus [waxing, orbing] moon ; vidhas, vidha [gendering] 
 nature, kind, species, disposition (cf. p. 271); vidh, vindh to be [swol- 
 len], empty (cf. xulu); vat-sas, vatsaras [circling, orbing] year; sam-vat 
 of the same year; vatsas [foetus], calf, cub, child, darling, friend (p. 
 272). Zd. band to bind. Gk. ^(rrlpa womb; ioTspo-Ysvi^? late- 
 bom; 6ffTspl«i) to be late, too late; to lack, need, fail; Qsiepoq, 3<naTOS 
 latest, last (form vats but developed from ud, ut farther, farthest); 
 /Ito? year; iTijaio? yearly; t-yIts?, a-fjzei; this year; ve-utk next year 
 [veo-fOT]; /[xaXdc; calf; "IxuXo? fledgeling bird, spring's return; ^Tpov 
 (vesht), abdomen; tangled guts; round jug; ^xop solar plexus, animal 
 soul; StTojjiat, Bi-6X,o\^(xi to set the warp (vat); iJTptov warp; /T5to? one's 
 own, personal character, private (vidhas; cf. p. 210) ; liotpESto? personal 
 destiny; &t^io<; eternal (ad +vidhas) ; oESIw to swell; OESkou? swollen 
 disk of rising sun (v. S^Ey^ p. 254); ^oun^Loq rush (binder); f6Mvq 
 wrap, sheet, sail; ^sOSo?, ^euSo? robe (vath, badh); ^axlw to gender; 
 oeosjiat [to hedge], heed; iSvsu to feed (stuff; p. 214); dv9uXei3M to stuff. 
 
 Lat. uterus womb, belly; uter bladder, wine-skin; venter belly; 
 
 vetus [last year's], old (cf. A. S. gamal p. 232); vitellus white of 
 egg (genital); vitulus calf; Oscan Viteliu cattle-land, Italy; Vitellius 
 Italian; ^idus the full-moon; the ides, fourteen days after Calends; 
 (with term. f(i)VY)) idoneus suitable, adapted (vidhas)! consuet-wlo; 
 5o//4d!M5 round, solid; vidua widow; w'^mm^ [swollen], empty, void; [uds], 
 uls (ultra, ultimus) far; usque; usquam; [otium [coiling up], indolence, 
 ease; aut, autem or, however (utava) ; fiterum [recurring], again (p. 15) ; 
 t-ot so often (tad-vat); Vadimo [rounding, bellying] lake (vadava cf. 
 Fucinus, Bauch); betula birch (bellying, cf. boka p. 47); beta beet; 
 vas (vadis) bondsman, bail; vadimonium bail (p. 80); praes (plu. 
 praedes, prae-vides) bondsman; praedium legal estate; ger-fendus, cf. 
 vidhas, vindh; utor to [use withe, tool], employ, use (cf. withe; with = 
 union, instrument; implicare; employer); ut, uti as, in like manner; 
 
 pal-udamentum cloak; rot-undus round. Goth, vadi pledge, bail; 
 
 ga-vadyon to give security, wed; vaddyus ring-wall; bansts granary; 
 ga-vidan, bindan to bind; vithra [walled] against; vithrus yearling ram; 
 0. H. G. widar again, anew (completed circle, iterum) ; widamo payment 
 for wife; bast string; Ger. weiden to pasture (uSvlw, vidh) ; O. N. vitya 
 to meet; v^a to [bind], control; vidh with, against, again; vidha wide 
 
— 278 — 
 
 [circuit; but of. p. 273]; vaedha to clothe; v6dh cloth, sail, net; vedhya 
 to pledge, bet; thri-vetr three years; biuih hut, tent (vadabis); badhmr 
 tree {vatas) ; biodh circuit (p. 274) ; A. S. vaed garment, armor; vU 
 far-circling, wide; viduve widow; vedher wether (lamblike); vathol 
 full moon; bydin tub; bodig [hooped, ribbed] body; vidhdhe withe. 
 
 0. R. vetukhu [last year's], old; vidova widow (0. Pruss. widdewu); 
 
 R. boteit to grow fat (path) ; butuz fat ; budka hut ; budra ivy (ringing) ; 
 utroba belly; vol yonder! lo! pot from, after, upon; Lith. vadoyu to 
 
 redeem a pledge; btida hut, hut-heap, circular foundation. Jr. 
 
 fid wreath, collar, chain, hobble; fothnoe [round] hut; both hut, tent; 
 fotha foundation; fdt clod; fodb, odb knob; udnacht hut-poles, rafters, 
 palisade; udmad enclosure; udim bolt, socket; tiad hole, cave; W. 
 bedw, Bret, bezo birch; Bret, botel bundle, wine-skin; bot boot; 0. C. 
 fAd-vatuca ring-wall (vat); Betullus, Betona (birch); Bod-otria outer 
 gulf (p. 50); Bottus, Bottio (stout). 
 
 Sk. vat, vath, vand to toss, round, robe, heap up, swell; ud up, out; 
 uttaras upper, further, at the end, up side down; uttamas highest, 
 
 uttermost; Mi up. Gk. uaTepos, utrraTo? later, last; uorepawomb (vath). 
 
 Goth, und unto; unte until; undar [up side down], under (of. svh, 
 
 super) ; ut, usO.H.Q. uz out [of the end ; of the circle]. R. ot, from, 
 
 since ; vot yonder. Ir . <5[(i]-, uad out ; ilt yonder ; fotha, fond, form end, 
 
 bottom (cf. ua-rlpa) ; W. odynta hence; odyna thence. 
 
 Dental roots seem to centre around a form stha; losing the initial ^ 
 they become dha, da, da, ta, ta, melting constantly into each other. 
 Hence the two sets of dentals in Sanskrit and frequent anomalies in 
 Greek. For instance Sk. dwaram = Gk. 6ijpa; Sk. duhitri=Gk. euyc(Tr)p; 
 Sk. dih = Gk. GtYyavw; Sk. dhe develops in ottjBoi;, TiqGu?, Ti^Oif), Ti6izff6i;, 
 teTTa, tsTTi^ by the side of 8aw, 6e{a, 6ir)Xi^; dhinv, dinv to cheer; 
 dev, tev to sport; dhurv, durv, thurv, turv to strike, harm; dhri melts 
 
 with dri, dhd with da, drus with tarus. In. Gk. Tpsyu, produces 
 
 GpEXTu; 6pi^, Tpt/ii?; aTty^iQ, Oy^yw imply a root sthi^ beside ti^. In 
 Sk. the correspondences affect most roots; dh becomes initial for th, 
 which in Sanskrit is usually a later form for t. 
 
 Sk. stha (tishtdmi, sthitas) to stand, be still, firm, to remain, exist; 
 caus. sthdpaydmi to place, found; sthal to stand; sihalam place, region; 
 dha, dhi to place, put, carry, bear, hold, support, bestow, give; H, 
 day, das, dad to bestow, give, put, cause, effect, permit; [stat], tat this 
 (standing here); [sthavana], sthiind [firm] tree-trunk, stake; [hence] 
 
— 279 — 
 
 tun, tund to be swollen, curved; tundam belly; tunas quiver; tun to 
 curve, fill; tu to round out, swell, grow; sthdnus firm, immovable, solid; 
 stanas [firm, solid, tense] woman's breast; stan [tense breast, chest], 
 to sigh, groan, thunder (from swollen cloud, "bottle of heaven"); 
 tan to [bind tight], stretch out [tent-cord], make firm, create, make, 
 twist, vex; tonus body (cf. bodig p. 278); tanuiras armor (cf. Gwpa^); 
 tantus thread; tantras thread, weaver; dhanus, dhanvan [tense] bow; 
 dand to brandish, shake, strike with stick; dandas stick; tund to whirl, 
 brandish, make an effort; tat, tad, tand, tud to strike, brandish, quiver 
 [with tension, desire, stan]; tudd to kick, scorn; tundam beak; dat, 
 dantas tooth ; tut to quarrel ; tund to make an effort, speed ; sthud, thud 
 to [make tense], wrap, cover; stai, stainy to wrap tight, robe; tay, tdy, 
 day, day to [pitch camp], encircle, guard, make the rounds, move, 
 [be shepherd], love, give, [protect], slay [woli];sten to rove, rob. 
 
 Sk. sthd to be firm; tu to round out, swell, grow; stu, stom to 
 [heave breast, magnify, breathe out], chant, praise; dham, dhmd to 
 [pant]; inflate, blow, blow fire, Zd. tav to be strong, able; Sk. tumras 
 swollen, strong; tutumas abundantly; tuvi~, [tivi] mighty, strong; tiv 
 to be swollen ; tlvras great, violent, fierce ; dhi, dhe {dhaydmi, dadha) to 
 [pant for, sigh, be eager] suck, drink; dhi to seek eagerly, delight, 
 worship, a.doTe;dhinv, dinv to speed, delight, love; day to [be gracious], 
 give. 
 
 Sk. stdi to stretch tight, wrap; stydi to heap, [swell, burst], sound; 
 tay, tdy, day,de to encircle, guard sheep, love, defend, shoot; ddy,dd 
 to give, compel, cause; dd (dydmi) to encircle, bind; dhi, dhinv, dinv 
 to be eager, speed, delight ; div, dev, dyu, dyut, dyo, didhi to flash round, 
 shine, be bright; div to hurl round, shoot, wound; dhi to hurl away, 
 spurn; di to [be hurled away], vanish; div to flash round; div, dev, tev 
 to dance round, sport, play; div to [flash, burn], torment, be wretched; 
 di, di to whirl round, eddy; dinas flight; dinas [hunted], wretched; 
 dhydi to revolve in mind, meditate; ava-dhydi to hurl away, spurn; 
 apa-dhydi to execrate, curse; dhU (dodhUye) to whirl, be confused, 
 dizzy, to tremble, eddy, smoke; caus. dhap to smoke; du to dizzy, 
 confuse, veX, grieve; to [whirl, blaze, burn]; davas fire, conflagration, 
 fuel; dvish to hate; dhiksh to blaze; do, dd, dal to [wrench, twist], 
 cut off; du to go [round]; ddi to [eddy], purify; dhdv to run round, 
 flow round, wash; danv to go round; dhan to [curve, be tumid; to be 
 taut, twisted], to gender, bring forth; dhanvan bow. 
 
 Sk. dhanus, dhanvan [bent, tense] bow; dhanyas [hitting mark]. 
 
— 280 — 
 
 lucky; dhanam [attainment], wealth; dhvdnksh to twang, be strident 
 screech; dhvdnga crow; dhvan, dhvan, dhan, dhan to sound; dhvans 
 to be [shot away], hurled, fall down, perish ; dhva^ to whirl, brandish, 
 swing. 
 
 Sk. du, danv to go round; duh to [squeeze, wrench, twist, draw, 
 lead out], to milk; duhitri [milkmaid], daughter; dugdhas milk; dihto 
 [handle, rub, knead], smear; dos forearm (turning on elbow) ; dvi[tmst, 
 fold], two; dvish, dush to [wring, wrong], hate, sin; -dus evil. 
 
 Sk. guttural derivatives; tay, day to encircle, guard, enfold; stdi 
 to wrap tight, robe ; tans, tvish to [wreathe], adorn; tvali, sihag to wrap, 
 cover, roof; tvak skin, bark; tvaksh, taksh to wrench off, split off, bark, 
 smooth, round, shape, [hew into shape, carpenter; mold into shape, 
 potter]; to [thatch, cover]; takshan, tashtri, tvashtri carpenter; tvaskiri 
 artist, creator; tokas [molded, embryo], offspring; tonkas [flint flayer], 
 scraper, knife; stokas [scraped down], small; tung to wrap, clothe. 
 
 Sk. sthag to wrap ; tvak bark ; tushas pod ; iM to swell ; tungas swollen, 
 [tumid, luxuriant], tall; tuh to [bind, choke], vex; tushnlkas [choked],' 
 silent; tukkhas [squeezed out], empty; tushdras snow, frost (binding, 
 silencing, icaYO?) ; tank to be [coiled round, oppressed], in misery; 
 tank to bind; tank to curve, bend; tak to [pant, choke], endure; tak to 
 [burst out], laugh ; [tyag], tii to [pant], endure, [pursue, scent],be fragrant, 
 [be keen, eager, gnash], sharpen; tikshas, tigmas sharp, bitter, burning; 
 stuk to [pant, love], be propitious; stigh to make an effort, climb; 
 tik, tig, tik, tlk to advance, speed, assail, kill ; tu^, tun^ to stab, kill. 
 
 Sk. tank to bind; tank, tan^ to curve, bend; tvank, tank, tang, tan^ 
 to go round, wheel, whirl, fly round, tremble, speed; tya^ to [hurl away, 
 turn away], desert, abandon, leave; tas, das to hurl, toss away, lighten, 
 lose, lack; tvish to flash round; shine; tush, tiish to rejoice; tustas 
 [whirling] dust; tus to rattle, sound. 
 
 Sk. tank, tvank to [speed round]; tvish to flash round; [form sthush, 
 sthuns]; dhag dhush, dhUs to make splendid, beautiful; dhusharas 
 white ; dhvans to be hurled, fall ; dang, danh, dans to flash round, shine, 
 flash out words, speak, [to be brilliant, clever, wise]; das to [whirl 
 round, dash round], be bountiful; das, tas to whirl round, toss, be nim- 
 ble; das to hurl, wound, kill; dasyu foe, robber; danh, dah, daggh, 
 dhiksh, dhuksh to flash, blaze, burn; dakshinas noonday, southern; 
 dhish to ring round, sound; daksh to whirl, move, swell, grow; dahh, 
 
— 281 — 
 
 ddf, das, dhakk to whirl, brandish, smite, kill; dhakkd great drum; 
 dukh to hurt ; dhva^, dhvan^ to whirl, wave ; danf to flash out ; daksh, dag 
 to [pounce], hurl, shoot, wound; dakshinas [claw], right-hand, [handy, 
 neat, exact]; dakshas snug-fitting, fitting, seemly, decent, honest; 
 dofan [clasped hands], ten; dangas [snug-fit, clasped links], armor; 
 daga [seemly, fitting] condition, state, age; ddgas [catcher], fisherman; 
 dang, dans to [pounce, grip], bite; dangas bite, wasp; danshtra tusk; 
 danshtrin wild-boar; daganas tooth; [dyag], dig (deshtasmi, dekshye) 
 to [pounce, hurl, aim], point, show, teach, command, name, [flash 
 round, be generous], give; d-dig to aim, drive back; digas, dhishnya 
 direction, point of compass; dishtam [directing power], fate; dishtis 
 luck; diksh to [question fate], take auguries, sacrifice. 
 
 Sk. causative roots ; sthd to stand ; sthdpaydmi to cause to stand, 
 make firm, [set stake, heap mound]; tu to swell; stu, stom, stubh to 
 magnify, praise; stoma hymn; stabh, stambh, stunibh to [set stake], fix, 
 make motionless, obstruct, stop, prop, thrust against; stambhas 
 stake, prop, pillar, [pestle]; stubh to be motionless; stup to pile up; 
 stupd, stambas heap; [sthamb, dhamb to heap, knead, roll, whirl]; 
 dap, damp, dambh, dip, dimp, dimbh, dumbh to heap, [knead, whirl]; 
 dimbhas whelp [molded in womb, cuddled]; tip, dip, dimb to [roll, 
 use pestle], whirl, shoot, strike; stam to revolve, be whirled, vexed, 
 dizzy; tumb to whirl, vex; tup, tump, tumph, tuph, tubh to [use pestle, 
 sharpened stake], to hurl, thrust, strike, wound; tumulas whirled, 
 confused; tomaras javelin; tamb to revolve; tamas [coiling, encircling] 
 darkness (wolves and evil around the camp-fire circle); dambh to 
 encircle, ensnare, deceive, harm, kill; tdmaram [eddying] water (n 
 to move) ; tdmarasam lotus ; tdmbulam betel (enfolding vine) ; tap, dip 
 to [whirl, blaze], burn, torment (cf . cremo p. 1 70) ; tapas heat, suffering, 
 summer; tarn to melt away, suffer; tip, stip to drop, drip; tim, stim, 
 stim to wet, be wet; temas moisture, vapor; [dhU, du to whirl]; dhup 
 to smoke, sparkle, flash out, speak; dhdv to [whirl], run round, eddy, 
 wash; dhvdntas [encircling] darkness. 
 
 Sk. stha, sthal, to stand; dhd to put [the hammer, stone], send to its 
 place; sthalam place, region, direction; tal to place, found; talas soil, 
 surface, foundation, sole of foot, palm of hand, surface of roof; talas 
 clapping hands; fan-palm; tdlu [curved cover for smoke-ve,nt, cf. 
 palatum p. 70], palate of mouth; [tval to lift on palm]; tul to whirl up, 
 bear up, lift, support; to/, tval to be [tossed], whirled, vexed; tulay to lift 
 on hand, poise, weigh, be even, similar; tuld pound; likeness; dul toliit, 
 throw, toss, play dice; dolas swing, hammock; dholas great drum; 
 
— 282 — 
 
 dal to be [twisted ofE], rent, split ; sthiil to round, swell ; sthulas round, 
 swelling, turgid; tulam cotton [swelling boll]; mulberry tree ; sthulal- 
 akshas [bountiful-eyed], generous ; til, till to [be quick with the hand, 
 strip, touch], move round, rub round, stroke, [anoint], be oily; taila 
 oil. 
 
 Sk. sthd to stand, set ( +ri, ar, yar, Ir to whirl, speed, be active agent) ; 
 sthiras, sthaviras firm, immovable, hard; start strength, hardness; 
 dhiras firm, deep-set; dhri (dhriye, caus. dharye) to hold up, bear, 
 endure, make firm, preserve; dhritis constancy; dhras to lift, bind 
 sheaves; dhrish to endure, resist, shove back, thrust, dare, be violent, in- 
 jure, conquer; dhri to grow [steady], old ; dhru to be fixed, firm, to push 
 forward, go; dhruvas fixed, firm, solid, sure ; dhri^, dhrin^, dhra^, dhran^ 
 to push forward, dringen; dhragh to be strong; drdgh, drek to thrust, 
 make an effort, be strong, long (of spear) ; to extend, lengthen, in- 
 crease; dirghas long; drinh to be solid, firm, make firm; drih, [drink], 
 trinh to [thrust, sprout, lengthen], grow; drus, drumas, tarus [firm] 
 tree, wood; darus spruce, fir tree (Sprotzbaum; sprouting, widening, 
 rounding) ; darunas gigantic; dar-duru [rounding, swelling] cloud, frog; 
 drih, trinh, to grow; tarus [sprouting] tree; tdrunyas, talunas youth; 
 taluni girl; tarnas calf; trinam grass; trin to browse; trut to [bud], 
 split; trand, tard to thrust, make an effort, wound; drud to be thrust 
 down, sink; dru to press forward, run, flow; drd to flee; dram to go; 
 drl to [pounce], tear; causat. drip, driph, drimph to tear, worry, harm; 
 dri to [watch for pounce], fear; dri to be in awe, respect; dru to repent; 
 drip to watch keenly, see; drU to [gather one's self for pounce, pounce], 
 kill; drun to coil, be curved, kill; drdi, drd to [coil up], sleep; dhvri to 
 [crouch], curve, [draw blood], color ((pOsfpa), R. zveir, Gijp; Zd. dvar 
 to pounce) ; dhUr to rush, kill ; d/j or to speed, be active, skiliul; dhrdnksh, 
 drdnksh, drek to yell like wild beast; dvdr, dvdram door [of denj; 
 durv, thurv, turv to [pounce], hurt, kill (metathesis of v) ; dUras [long 
 leap], afar (cf. longus p. 127). 
 
 Sk. sthiras firm; stri, stri to lay foundation, make bed, strew rushes, 
 spread out, whirl around, [whirl to circumference] ; tri to [hurl beyond , 
 circumference], leap beyond, cross over, pass, carry beyond; ttr to 
 reach the end; tiram [farther] bank; tri (gen. trayas [further; a couple 
 and one more], three; trd, trdi to [whirl, wrap, shield], guard, protect; 
 trdna protection, armor, helmet; tvar, tur, tur to [whirl, circle, round, 
 shape], speed; tvard speed; tor anas arch, gateway; (developments of 
 tri melt with last paragraph — connected by root [sthrinh, strangh to 
 twist, tighten, choke], unused in Sk. but common to the other families 
 
— 283 — 
 
 of speech) ; tras to whirl, tremble ; striksh, triksh, trakh, trunk, trankh, 
 trang, trduk, dhrai, dhrani to go [round], speed; trish to [wring out, 
 dry], thirst; drdkshd grapes; drakh to be dry; sirih, strlh, trih, trinh to 
 [leap across, pounce], hurt, kill; tari to brandish, threaten; trip, trimp, 
 triph, trimph to [dance round], be merry, [wanton, well-fed], to satiate, 
 delight [-cipTU, irp^fu); drip, drimph to glance round, shine, be merry; 
 trup, truph, trump, trumph; drip, driph to twist, tear, kill (epiixTw); 
 trap to shame. 
 
 Sk. stha {tishtami, p. p. sthitas, caus. sthapaydmi; observe similar 
 reduplication in the derivatives [thd], dhd, da) to stand, be firm, still; 
 to endure, exist, remain, be; caus. to set, establish, found, create; 
 sthdnam place, condition; sthitis firmness, residence; sthavis weaver 
 (warp setter, woof fixer in perpendicular loom) ; [s\tithis a lunar day 
 (complete orb); tolas [firm, true] friend; tatvam, tattvam the truth; 
 tathyas true (cf. satyas, sattvam p. 9) ; tathd in truth; tat [he who stands 
 
 here], this one. Zd. higt&mi I stand; Pers. hestem I am. Gk. 
 
 VaTTijAt (oirliau, luTtiq) to stand, set, set up, rouse, appoint, weigh, 
 settle, restrain; ffiiiriq standing, station, condition, uprising, sedition; 
 OTa[ji(v rib of ship; bTdq upright, beam, mast, beam of loom; (jtiqijiuv 
 warp; CTxaTY^p weight (deciding, establishing payment); u-zaQ^rq rule, 
 line, plummet; oraOiJidg upright, beam, station, limit, lodging, day's 
 
 march; atdSiov race-course, furlong. Lat. sto (steti) to stand; 
 
 sisto to set; ex-sisto to be established, exist; statuo to place, appoint; 
 stamen warp ; Stdtor establisher, appointer of boundaries ; [stivld], tela 
 weaver's beam; stiva bar, handle; sta[v]bulum [standing place], stable; 
 
 stabilis firm; [s]tabula plank, sign-board. O. H. G. stdn to stand; 
 
 Stat place; Goth, standan to stand; staua judge, judgment; stoma— 
 fixia-raats, substance; stiviti endurance; A. S. stov place; bi-stovan 
 
 to place, bestow; 0. N. stedhya to set, steady; Sw. std to stand. 
 
 0. R. stati to stand; R. stat to stop, suffice, set about, begin; stanovit, 
 stavit to put, place; stantziya post-station; stan stature, camp; Lith. 
 
 stoti to stand; status steep (Iot<5(;); statyti to place; sta-kles loom. 
 
 Ir. [sistav, stav], a-tdu, tdim to exist, be; [s]tamon trunk of tree; tdmaim 
 to rest, repose (<r:ab\).6c;) ; tHaimm position, place, village (stov) ; Bret. 
 sted row; steniiein, stStiein to set the warp. 
 
 Sk. dhd {dadhdmi, dhdtum, p.p. hitas) to set, put, place, carry, 
 bear, effect, do (cf. stal); to hold, support; to bestow, give; frad-. 
 dhd [setting one's heart], belief; dhi (dhiydmi) to carry, bear; dhdman 
 [established] dwelling, body, law, manner, condition; dhdtri creator; 
 
— 284 — 
 
 dhdtus material, metal, root of word; dhavas [supporting] husband; 
 
 dhan to produce, bear fruit; to bear child; dhanyas corn. Zd. dd, 
 
 to set, make, do ; ddtam decree, law ; ddman creature ; ddmi creation. 
 
 Gk. tl-dfj-^i to put, place, establish, grant, offer, make; U^a deposit, 
 postulate, axiom, root of word; 656? god (creating, supporting; 
 dhavas); Geaxeatoq, Geaxi? inspired (ia'Ksxe, p. 255; cf. praesagium)- 
 6e[ji.t<; law, right; 9ec[xo'<;, Te9(jid<; law, custom; Oeatq arrangement, 
 adoption, position; ^s^tkim, e£(Jis9Xov foundation; 615x1) [deposit], box, 
 tomb; Oaxo? seat; Oaxeti), Owxeu to sit; 6i]<; (fem. O'^aua) [settler], colonus, 
 laborer, peasant; ©ijaaaXta, ©acros; Oaaaw to sit idle, be wretched; 
 Oijv [firm], assuredly, surely; 6(i)i) [imposed] fine (9o)iiv IwcBijaoii.ev) ; d-O^JOi; 
 unpunished, implies form 6af ; Oijjjlwv, 9w(Ad(; heap; 9(i);AsiJ0)to heap; Owjity^ 
 
 cord; Oijaaupd?. Lat. cre-do to trust, believe (early subj. creduam)- 
 
 ad-do, in-do, e-do to add to, put upon, forth; ab-do to set away, hide; 
 con-do to stow; condus steward; infio to become dha, dhi melt with bhu 
 p . 3 8 ; Osc . fafama [founded] house ; faamat he dwells ; famel [possession], 
 slave ; Lat. famulus slave ;familia household ;/awMm shrine (9i5v) -Jetialis 
 [devoted] priest; fas established custom, law (9ea(Ad(;) ; facio to make 
 (9aaa(i), 9«5te(o; "facio fidem"; melts with p. 46) ; femur, femen thigh (sup- 
 port, foundation, force); vin-demia vintage (9e[ji,a). Goth, af-doyan 
 
 to strip, tear off; ga-deds making, confirming; adoption; [ga-davan], 
 ga-daban to come to pass; daiihts feast [at table; 9oix,o?]; ga-dauka 
 household; domyan to decree, doom, judge; O. H. G. tuon to do; tdt 
 deed; O. N. doemi [set] pattern, example, instruction; dys mound; 
 A. S. d6n to do; dom condition, intention, custom, choice, force, honor; 
 
 vh-dom^isAora. O. R. deiyan, [dedya],dezhdan to do ; deilo deed, work; 
 
 R. deilat to make, cause; reflex, to become; na-deiyatsya to rest n-pon, 
 trust, hope; deivat to put, place; o-deivat to clothe; o-dezhda clothes; 
 
 Lith. deimi, dedu to put, place, do. O. C. Con-date meeting of clan, 
 
 assembly, place of judgment; confluence; Con-dat-isco confluence of 
 rivers {uisce); Con-datis Mars (joiner of battle); W. doll, Bret, dadl, 
 Ir. \datl\, ddl assembly, court of justice; Ir. ddlaim to assemble, make 
 appointment; dal appointed time, respite; dais a heap (9e(jt?, dys); 
 damna material, substance (dhdman); damin to grant, concede; 
 deimne firmness; demin sure; de\m\nim to make, do, cause; [domn], 
 donn judge, king; W. [detknyd], deffnyd, Bret, daffnez, danvez, danni 
 material, accumulation, wealth; Ir. dan art, trade, gift; ddna firm, 
 bold; din consequently, therefore; 0. C. Damnonii (wealthy, melts 
 with dubnos, deep, sun-set, world's end) ; Demetae, Dementia, Demo[n]; 
 Dannius, Ddnius, Danno-rix ; Dan-uvius strong-water, trading stream. 
 
 Sk. same roots; d/?a, dd, day, day, das, dad to [set, put], cause, give; 
 
— 285 — 
 
 {dhd melts with da in Greek and Teutonic) ; da (daddmi, datum; desid. 
 dits); to bestow, give, cause, command, grant, permit; caus. ddpaydmi 
 
 to cause to give; ddiri giver; ddnam gift. Zd. dd to give; ddtar, 
 
 ddta giver; ddna giving; ddthra gift. Gk. S(Swii.t (ISwv, Sfii^evaO, to 
 
 give; Sw?, Sdaiq, SuxfviQ gift; Bupov present, offering; Swttqp giver; Sdvo?, 
 Sdvsiov gift, loan; 8tq, S^Gsv [firmly, surely], of a truth, indeed 
 (hardened forms of erjv); Siqv, Sirjvaid? [firm set], long enduring, 
 ancient (Dor. So/av corresponds with dhava) ; Svjvsa counsels, plans, 
 
 arts (cf. Celtic forms of dhd). Lat. do {dare, dedi) to give; (Old Lat. 
 
 duint corresponds to dhava) ; dator giver ; dos dower ; donum gift ; Umbr, 
 
 pwdovitu to bestow. O. N. tyia, tid to help; Goth, tauyan to do, 
 
 act (dhd); taui fulfilment, deed; teva order, arrangement; ga-tevyan 
 
 to ordain, appoint; A. S. tedn to do; tedh material. O. R. dami I give ; 
 
 daru present; dani donation, tribute; R. dat, davat to give; Lith. 
 
 [davami], dumi I give ; dudu give ; dutis, dunis gift. Ir. ddn gift ; Bret. 
 
 dan-honir (band dashing) liberal, debonnaire; O. C. dede=he gave, 
 dedicated, set (inscriptions). 
 
 Sk. sthd to stand, set, place ; dhd to set, carry, bear, bestow, support ; 
 dhi to carry, bear; dhan to bear fruit; a child; dhanyas rich, fortunate; 
 dhdnyas corn, wealth; dhdtri creator; dhdtri nurse, mother (cf. bhri 
 to bear; bhrdtri [bearer], brother); dhe, [dhd], (dhaydmi, dhydtva) to 
 [cause to suck, drink]; to suck, drink (cf. trans, and intrans. use of 
 to nurse) ; dhenus milch-cow ; dadhi curds ; dMtis thirst ; dhinv to exhila- 
 rate. Zd. daenu little woman. Gk. [6da)] (6iia6ai). to nurse, 
 
 suckle, suck; GirjXiQ teat, nipple; eTjXal^o) to suckle, suck; 6r)Xlu, eaXlu, 
 GdXXM to be full, abound; GaXeGw to be exuberant, bloom; GijXui; 
 female'; GrjXw nurse; Gtqviov milk (Hesych.) ; tiqGt], tiGyjvy), tCtGy] nurse; 
 TfrGd? teat, breast; TiGaad? [taken as cub], tamed (cf. gifus whelp; Lat. 
 cicur tame); TtGujJiaXo? spurge (milk-juice); S6Spa pap, gruel; TiG-wvdi; 
 (dear nursling) the morning-star, fading in the arms of Aurora; he is 
 changed into a grasshopper {■zkvu'E, grandpa) ; he is brother of Priam the 
 twilight (p. 66) ; father of Memnon (p. 80) ; (yzr^t] woman; irf^Gos swell- 
 ing breast (of man or woman) ; ttjGiq grandmother; xf\%[c, aunt; TU-rGdq a 
 sip, a little, baby, cub; TrjGi? mother ocean; ©iTtssea, mother of storm- 
 cloud (Achilles, p. 3) ; GsTo? uncle (bearing, petting) ; tqGsIo? (a intens.) 
 elder brother (p. 249) ; xETxa grandpa ; tItti? grasshopper ; Srn^via [gender- 
 ing, fruitful]; festival of the return of Demeter from Hades; ttGat- §uaaw 
 
 to store honey, to feed children, larvae (^doxw). Lat. felo to suck; 
 
 fllius (Umhr.feliu) child, son; /tZia daughter; femina woman; felts cat 
 (licking itself, cf. mdr^ to smooth; mdridras cat; Eng. puss=putz 
 dichl); Tettius, Talius; ofo-te/riit:[putting to breast], midwife. Goth. 
 
— 286 — 
 
 daddyan, 0. H. G. toii to suckle; O. H. G. te7a breast; 'E.ng. dad, daddy; 
 to dandle; to daddle (walk as child); to diddle, coax a child, cheat; 
 Ger. tdndeln to use baby talk, reprove child; O. Eng. day, dey milk; 
 Late Lat. dayeria dairy; A. S. [s\titt, Ger. Zitze teat; Ger. Stute brood- 
 mare. O. R. doyan to suckle; doilitza nurse; deiten child; deidy, 
 
 grandfather; R. doU to milk; doiniy milch-pow; doinik milk-pail; 
 dyadya uncle; tetka aunt; tyatya (Pol. talis, Lith. tetis) father; Lith. 
 deidas uncle, old man; deide uncle, grandma; deidenas cousin; deile 
 
 nursling; deile leech; Lettish dels son. Ir. dinim (3* s. dith) to suck, 
 
 drink; dinu lamb; didnad consolation, refreshment; delech milch-cow; 
 del teat; datan foster-father; Corn, tat father (see next paragraph). 
 
 Sk. sthdto stand ; [s]tdtas, [firm] friend, father; tat this one [who stands 
 here, who exists]; sas, sd, tat he, she, it (uniting with asa, sa, satp.g); 
 tat [from his standpoint, allowing for this fact], therefore; tatas thence, 
 thus ; tathd so, so much (influenced by tan to stretch, create, p.p. tatas) ; 
 tathd indeed, really, truly, thus; tathyas true; tattvam truth; tatas 
 friend, relation (cf. eTir)<; p. 9); tad he, she, it; tadd at that time; 
 tadlyas that one's; tatra there; tattvam the reality, the truth, nature; 
 tattvatas according to the fact, accurately; tasmdt (abl. of tat) there- 
 fore; tadvat, td-vat (vat = La.t. ut p. 277) as great as, so great, so long, 
 
 now; td-dric [such-sight], like, such. Gk. 6, 1^, tb article {sas, sa, 
 
 tat); fiiTE? this year (p. 277); t-ifiXJxoq so old, so tall (p. 131); t-^iio? 
 to-day, then (p. 109) ; [ava +tas] auTo? this very one, himself; [ta -FauTo], 
 
 TouTo this thing (p. 208). Lat. is-te that person; tarn so much; 
 
 tantus so large; talis such; tot so often (compounded with sam, vant, 
 
 "ki^, vat). Goth, this (gen.) of the, of this; thai (plural) the, they; 
 
 th-adei [there], where [adhi, ad) ; thammei that, so; thanuh then; thana- 
 seiths that side, beyond; that-ain that one; thau as (tavas); the the 
 
 more; thei in order that. R. tot this, that; to est that is [to say]; 
 
 to-gda then; to-zhe the same; tak thus, so. Ir. [si-te], side, so-din, 
 
 a-de this. 
 
 Sk. {s^tva, tvam, Zd. <iiw = thou [standing there; ta-ava]; Sk. tavas; 
 
 Zd. thwa thy. Gk. [t/e, tI]; Dor. tu; Boeot. Toi, touv; Attic sii 
 
 thou; Dor. tefd?; Att. aoq thy. Lat. til, tute thou; tuus thy. 
 
 Goth, thu thou; theins thy. O. R. t[v]i thou; tvoy thy; Lith. ttt 
 
 thou; tavas-is that of thine. Ir. tii thou; do thy; du-t-menmain to 
 
 thy mind; W. ti, titi, titheu thou; dy thy; Bret, te thou; da thy (thwa). 
 
 Sk. sthd to stand, be firm, [bind]; stdi to wrap, robe, [roll together]; 
 stydi to heap up, [heave breast, sigh], sound; stu, stubh, stom to [heave 
 
— 287 — 
 
 chest, utter voice; to magnify, exalt]; to praise, chant; stomas hymn; 
 stam to be whirled round ; tu {tavimi, tdumi) to swell, grow ; tuvi- mighty, 
 great; [tavyam], toyam water; tlv to be swollen, large, stout; tlvras 
 [swelling thunder-cloud], dark, flashing, great, strong, violent, fierce; 
 tumras swollen, stuffed, solid; tumalas crowded, tumultuous, noisy; 
 tutumas abundant; tun to, curve, fill; tunas a quiver; sthund a tree- 
 trunk, column. Zd. tu to be able; tuvan strong; QtM swollen, large; 
 
 (t'&na pillar; gtaman mouth; Pers. tavus peacock (swelHng, dilating 
 tail). Gk. TftiSi; great, abundant; tkuu to magnify; Taij-Yexov moun- 
 tain {tuvi-^atas, mighty heap) ; Tituo? (intens. redup.) swollen storm- 
 cloud, torn by vulture winds (cf. Prometheus); [TiTifpaq], Tkupo? 
 [puffing, piping, breeze], satyr; Tiquaioi; [inflated], empty, idle; ta/us 
 peacock; [tuvras], Tupd? cheese (rounded, swollen); ^ou-Tupov [cow- 
 cheese], butter of kine (goat-milk has little cream) ; tuXt], tuXo? 
 swelling, lump, bolster; TuXtucu to roll up, curve; a-cuXoi; [trunk], 
 pillar; Ivtuvw to swell, raise; to deck, prepare, equip; otuw to swell 
 up; (jToa [high] warehouse, portico; <szeu\i.M to boast, undertake; 
 ordjta mouth; 'ceu[ji.ao[i.at to construct, effect, bring to pass (xueu, 
 
 causa) ; TtAwXoe, TjJLapo? round top. Lat. [tuver], tuber swetiing; tuba; 
 
 [iivras impetuous] Tiber, Tiberius, Tibur, Teverone (p. 13) ; tumeo to 
 swell; tumor; tumidus; tumulus; tomentum stuffing, tow; tomex rash. 
 rope; ioma-cwZMW sausage; [awfe-«oweM],o6domew (swelling round, p. 19); 
 ti-tulus (intens. red.) [boast, praise], inscription; tUn-ica tunic (iHn); 
 
 tibia pipe. A. S. thedn to grow, thrive; thedv grip, force, custom 
 
 (compressing the tumid) ; theovan to restrain, control. O. R. 
 
 t[v]iti (redup.) to be fat; tulu quiver (cf. tUnas); R. t[v]il back, rump; 
 tulovishke trunk of body ; tulya turban ; tovar [energy, zeal], merchandise ; 
 
 tovarishJi [helper], comrade. Ir. [tdev], tdeb [swollen], side; [tovur], 
 
 tibur, topur fountain, spring; W. twf force, vigor; Bret, ttit, teii fat; 
 teilen embankment ; tu side, place ; O. C. river names (swelling, mighty) 
 Tavus, Tavia, Tavio, Tovios, Tobius, Tufer-obius, Tu-esis (swelling 
 water) ; [Tiv-iscus], Tibiscus; Teverius, Teveristus, Te-urnia, Tib-urnia, 
 Tummo, Tumelius, Tomianus; Tov-issacus,W.tywysog, iT.tossachchiet. 
 
 Sk. sthd to stand, be firm; sthdnus firm, immovable, solid; stanas 
 
 woman's breast; [s]tan to be [firm], tense; to create, effect, trust. 
 
 Gk. ceivo? force, strength; cOevapos, SGeveXo?, Steivw strong; 
 [cr]9i5v, Sijesv certainly, surely (p. 285); SyiOuvw to hold back, delay; 
 oTT^viov breast; crevd? [packed, crushed together], narrow, close, 
 pinched, small; [oJGsvap sole of foot, palm of hand, surface; otsvom 
 to be in straits, difficulty; (jtsi'vw to straighten, pack, crowd; crdvu^ 
 claw, point (ovu^). Lat. [s]teneo to hold firm. O. N. stedhya to 
 
— 288 — 
 
 set, make firm, steady; stedhi, stedhyastein anvil. A. S. stede a place; 
 
 stdn stone ; staena hardened clay, pottery. R. stanovit to set, place; 
 
 Stan encampment, [back-bone], stature ; stanok establishment ; lathe ; 
 press; st[v]inut to be [rigid], cold. Ir. tend firm, stiff, strong. 
 
 Sk. stanas [firm, swollen] breast; stan to sigh, groan, thunder 
 [from tense breast, cloud]; tan to stretch out, expand (tent, water- 
 skin), to round, shape, create; tanyatus roar, thunder; tanyus roaring. 
 
 Gk. axs\i6q tense, narrow; (ttevw, to groan, sigh, lament; axiivos, 
 
 OTOvaxi^ groan; [a]T6voi; sound. Lat. tono to thunder; tonitru 
 
 thunder. O. N. ihunyan to thunder; thundr bow; dunr roar, rattle; 
 
 dyne thunder, din; st4nian to [strike with sling-stone], stun; 0. H. 
 
 G. donar thunder. R. stenat, stonat to groan; ston a groan. 
 
 Ir. tennad singing; tonn surge; tond-gar thunder of surge; 0. C. Tanaros 
 Juppiter Tonans. 
 
 Sk. same roots; tan (tanomi, tanve, tanye, taye; p.p. tolas) to stretch 
 out, expand (tent, water-skin); to round, create, vex, twist; tow to 
 trust firmly; tanus [rib-bound] body; tanutras coat of mail (6(ip«^); 
 tantr to [fill skin-bottle], feed, nourish; dandh to [belly-out], feed; 
 tanayas son; tantr am bringing up children; tanas string, chord, tone; 
 tanus [stretched], thin, tender; tantis, tantr as thread, weaver; tandra 
 
 tension, weariness. Zd. tan to stretch, to lead [by tense rope]; 
 
 tanya outspread. Gk. Taviio) to stretch, string, strain; refvu, TiTafvu 
 
 to stretch [bow], stretch out, make an effort, flash round, aim; Tivofasu 
 to [aim, dart], brandish, shake; TiTaveq creators, natural forces; 
 Ti-rciv flashing sun; irfTavoc; white chalk; [Tevexo?], TeveSo? beacon; 
 TSTavd? rigid; Texavos lock-jaw; a-Tsvi^? (d intens.) intent, keen 
 glancing, unyielding; tIvwv tendon; Tatvta fillet, spit of land; Tafvapo; 
 (end of promontory); Si xav! good friend (tried, trusted; tan to trust); 
 Tocvu- lavad? outstretched, thin; TevSo), levBetiw to gnaw, stuff, 
 
 devour (of animals). Lat. teneo to hold, [pull]; tendo to stretch; 
 
 tentorium tent; tento to try; caus. tempto to try; tempus [extended] 
 time (cf. Ir. and Lith.) ; tenuis thin; tener tender; tenus [stretched to], 
 as far as; tenus, tendicula st'n^ng; os-tendo to [aim at], point out; tenor 
 continuity; Titinius, Titus, Tatius flashing, eager (Sk. tatas); tinnio 
 to vibrate, twang, tinkle ; [Oe^-tefvti)], destino to [set arrow on string], aim; 
 festino to speed; tinea [spark], moth ; titio fire-brand; taeda [greasewoodj 
 
 resin], torch (Tevesuw) ; iaedium repletion, weariness. Goth, thanyan 
 
 to stretch out, thin; at-thinsan to pull, draw; [s]tains withe, osier; 
 tainyo basket; O. N. thunnr thin; thundr bow; thinull withe, rope; 
 A. S. thedn to swell, inflate, grow; to bind, control; thystru flickering 
 
— 289 — 
 
 (cf. TtTa(v(o; Sec'sXo?); Ger. duster twilight, dark; 0. H. G. dona string; 
 
 dienen to be eager, serve. O. R. tentiva bow-string; teneto snare; 
 
 tiniku thin; R. steisnyat to tighten; tyanut to stretch, draw, weigh; 
 Lith. (caus.) tempyu to stretch; timpa sinew; temptyva bow-string. 
 
 Ir. tennaim to strain, press, urge ; tenne tension ; tend stretched, 
 
 firm; tennim to sparkle, btfm; ten, tene fire; ten-ddl fire-brand; tan 
 time; tana (W. teneu, Bret, tenaii), thin; tet (W. tant) harp-string; 
 W. tan until; Bret, tennein to draw, snatch; tennad extended, wide; 
 tan fire; tannein to scorch, sunburn, tan (skin; leather; melting with 
 tan oak [bark]); ten [6ow]-shot; tanouiz [tight, thin], sieve; tan [long- 
 lived, trusty] oak; Cor., Bret, glas-tanen [green], live oak; O. C. Tenedo; 
 Tinos, Tina, Tisa [flashing river, tison]; Tisonius, Titthi, Tettonius; 
 Tann-etus oak-forest (Lat. querc-etum p. ii); Tanetos; Tano-talus 
 brow of oak. 
 
 Sk. same roots; [sthan to make tense, quiver, stuff tense, round out, 
 bend]; tandram [tension], weariness, languor; tantr, dandh to [stuff 
 skin-bag, belly], to feed; dhan to [be swollen, pregnant], bring forth, 
 bear fruit; dhanyas harvest; corn; dhanam wealth; dhanin, dhanyas 
 rich, prosperous ; dhanvan, dhanvam, dhanus bow (curving, tense) ; 
 [curving] plain, shore (brim, dipping bank) ; dhvans to hurl down ; dhanv 
 to go [around, eddy], flow; danv to go [round], wander {=vra^e) ; dhinv, 
 dinv to exhilarate, love (stuff with food); tundas [stuffed] belly; 
 
 tun to fill; tunas quiver; tun to curve; tun, tund to be curved. Gk. 
 
 SevSpov fruit-tree, tree (dandh) ; Bon&a to feast (dhan, dhanyas) ; Soveoj 
 to whirl (danv) ; Bi^v, Sav, Sof«v wide circumference, far around, far away, 
 long ago; Sy]vai6i; long-lived, ancient; Sa, Sav the earth (wide, fruitful) ; 
 AavctY] gendering nature, confined under earth by winter; quickened by 
 golden light of sun; giving birth to spring; speeding over sea in sacred 
 vessel ; Aavaof circlers, roamers (cf . AfoXsT?, "love?) ; Aavao? (circling year) 
 is father of the Danaids (lengthening nights) who slay their southern 
 husbands (shortening days) ; Hyper-mnestra (cf. 'A-(a-\ii\imv) is win- 
 ter's turn, yule; Sxsfpuv (kshur, day-shortener) is a similar mjrth; 
 Gi's, efv, (Givo; [form dhinv]) [rounding] heap, pile, sand-bank; [dhvanv, 
 O/av, /6av], (pBctvo) (<p9^v«i) to [run around predecessor and] come in 
 first; to anticipate; [9/£vci)], ^Glvw to [be bent down, sunk, crushed; 
 to], waste away, perish; (fQiaiq, <fQ6ri decay; <f%l\i.s.wi the dead; (fM'iq 
 (cf. Bt's) round [mass of dough], cake; $6 fa (dhinv); [OfoveG)], ip9ovl(i) 
 to [bend the bow, aim, watch with ill eye], envy, grudge ; (pOovo? malice ; 
 [8fsv], Sevvdi;(o to [shoot at], revile; Sovew to shake, whirl, drive, 
 
 sound; Sdva^ arrow, reed. Lat. Dauni men of the shore; Daunia; 
 
 [davnum], damnum shipwreck, total loss, ruin; [dhanv, metath. dhvan, 
 
 19 
 
— 290 — 
 
 dhan to feed, be bountiful]; duonus, bonus good; bene well; [davan 
 davam], dum until; demum at last; dudum long ago; dumus thicket 
 (davas, p. 296; cf. con = cum) ; done-c until (ka) ; deni-que at last; damma 
 
 roaming chamois. O. H. G. tanne fir-tree (cf. abies); A. S. diHn a 
 
 dune; a-dAn sloping downward, down; denn, dene valley, den; A. S. 
 dvinan, O. N. dvina to perish, dwindle; O. N. diin coiling place, den, 
 
 bed; duni [whirling] fire; Danir [roving] Danes. R. zveno ring, 
 
 chain ; dontze bottom of vessel ; Dvina deep current ; d[v]inya [round, 
 hollow], melon; davno long ago (So/ctv). Ir. dana, dan [circum- 
 ference, beyond it], far, furthermore; iuatha de dana fan the tribes 
 of the gods of [the horizon, sunset], Hades; duine (Bret, den) 
 [mortal, perishing] man; dind, din, dun [swelling] hill, mound, fort; 
 din, dind delightful (dhinv); O. C. Dinius, Dindius; Dinia {Digne, 
 Dinant) ; Uxellodunum high fort ; Danus the Don (winding) . 
 
 Sk. dhanvan bow; dhvanksh, dhvdksh to twang, snarl, yell, buzz; 
 dhvan, dhvan, dhan, dhan to sound; dhva^, dhvan^, Ved. dhan to 
 whirl, speed, wave; dhvans to hurl down, destroy ((pStaiq); dham, 
 
 danv to speed, go. Gk. [8/eyyu, 6(psYYw], (peiyyotJi.ai to sound 
 
 (lyre, thunder, shout); q)6sY(j.« voice of bird, bull, man; 960770; 
 clear sound, utterance, vowel; Sovew to sound; SoiSu^ pestle {dhva^). 
 
 Lat. donee until? denique at last [target, goal, Zweck]? [dingua], 
 
 lingua tongue, language (cf. Sdxpu, lacryma). A. S. tunge tongue; 
 
 Eng. twang [sound of bow; form dvanksh]; tang [sound of metal]; 
 twitch, twinge; to tuck; Ger. zucken to quiver; zwingen to bend, force, 
 control (as bow) ; Zweck target, goal, aim, intention; zanken to quarrel. 
 
 R. zvonit to sound; zvonkii sonorous; zvuk sound; zvuMat to sound, 
 
 resound; zveizda [twinkling] star; duga, duzhka bow; dvigat to whirl, 
 
 revolve. Ir. dingim to [bend], force, suppress, subdue; daingen 
 
 [bound], firm; duan lay, song; Bret, dinsein to rattle, ring; dinseu&ce. 
 
 Sk. dhanvan bow ; dhanv, danv to go, speed (arrow) ; to run, flow; 
 dand to brandish, strike; dhinv to go, speed, cheer; dhyai, dhlio 
 [aim], purpose, meditate, be eager; dhi intellect; dhl to seek eagerly; 
 
 love; to [hurl], spurn; didhlXo flash out; dlnas terrified. Gk. 6e(v(i) 
 
 to strike, dash, wreck; GviQaxw {dhvans) to fall, perish, die; ^vipk 
 
 mortal; OavaToq death. ha.t. fendo, offendo to dash, strike against, 
 
 stumble; in-fensus, in-festus hostile; fanaticus reeling, rushing, raving. 
 
 O. N. dynta to shake; dynt stroke, blow; Eng. dent, dint; A. S. 
 
 dyttan to close, shut. Ir. diith, dith [bow-shot], death, limit, end. 
 
 Sk. [sthan], tan to make tense, quiver, shoot (p. 288) ; dhanvanhoyi; 
 
— 291 — 
 
 [tvan], tun, tund to be circular, curved ; tund to make an effort, revolve ; 
 tud, tud, tad, tand, tat, dand to [whirl, brandish], strike, pound, [bray 
 in mortar], bore, pierce, wound, [use fire-drill]; dandas club, staff, rod 
 of punishment; dundubhis, dindimas drum; tundam beak; totram 
 goad; todas sting; dat, dantas tooth; tttdd to kick, scorn; tut to quarrel 
 (strike, peck, stab); tittibhas daw; tutth to whirl about, strew around, 
 
 cover; Tudas proper name. Gk. TuSeu? smiter, thunderbolt; 
 
 TijSa?; TuvSipeo? revolution; husband of Leda (p. 144); AivSuinivY) 
 Cybele, force of nature; worshipped with cymbals; TevsSo? beacon; 
 
 i:<i)6(it!^<i) to mock. Lat. tundo {tutudi) to strike, bray, chop; per- 
 
 tundo to drill, bore; studeo to be zealous, eager, push forward, clap 
 
 hands, applaud; tondeo (totondi) to [chop off, peck off], shear. 
 
 Goth, stautan to strike, push, hew, stossen; us-daudyan to make an 
 effort, be zealous; tundnan to [use fire-drill], be kindled; aihva-tundi 
 [swift-spark, first-bloom], hawthorn; O. N. stunda to make an effort; 
 stunda [revolving] hour; A. S. thoden thud, noise; tyndre tinder; stod 
 stallion; stvdu in-set beam, stud; tM [revolving] time, [swelling] tide 
 {dindimas) ; styntan to [hammer down], stunt, blunt; O.N. theyta, thiota 
 
 to hurl, rage, howl; tindr point, [fire-drill], peak, tine, Zinne. R. 
 
 tuzit to strike with fist, beat; st[v]idu [goaded] from behind, behind 
 
 (xevTid), hindana, p. 246); st[v\id shame. Ir. te'wd wounded, painful; 
 
 tind, tend cutting, slaughter; tene, tine (gen. tened) fire ; teidm pestilence ; 
 
 teihna, teadnas passion, lust; tonnad poison, death. O. C. Tenedo; 
 
 Tedhdhius, Tessius fiery, impetuous; Tenes-tina spark; Ted-usia 
 sparkling- water; Caraco-tinum, p. 180. 
 
 Sk. dantas, dat tooth. Zd. dantan tooth, point. Gk. dSoiji; 
 
 (6SdvTos, i = sa, tooth meeting tooth). Lat. dens (dentis). Goth. 
 
 tunthus; O. H. G. zand. Lith. dantis. Ir. dit; W., Bret, dant; 
 
 0. C. Tri-dentum (cf. Tri-gdboli fork of Po). 
 
 Sk. tun, tund to be circular; tund to go round, whirl; tutth to whirl 
 about, strew, wrap, cover; sthud, thud to wrap, cover ; dawd to brandish; 
 
 dandh to [round out], feed. Gk. ■zm-zMXjui to splash with mud, 
 
 wallow, grub, [sputter], prattle; Tuired?, tuvvo? babyish, little, [scarce 
 a drop], scarcely; x^ux&liui to [spin round], be brisk, busy; izMc, 
 
 cuttlefish (whirling tentacles); teOtXov [whorl], beet. Umbr., 
 
 Osc. tauta, touta, tota [ring-wall], town; Osc. tuvtiks urban; Samn. 
 Equus Tuticus hill town (af peak; Aequi p. 2) ; Lat. totus all-embracing, 
 
 all, the whole. Goth, thiuda, O. H. G. diot people; Norse thvait 
 
 village; Goth, thiutheigs [pubUc spirited], generous, good, popular; 
 thiuthyan to bless; thut-haurn trumpet [for gathering troops) ; O. H. G. 
 
— 292 — 
 
 diozan to eddy; O. N. thdttr twist, thread; thveiti small change. 
 
 Lith. tauta land; R. tutoviy medlar (round pip). Ir. tHath people;. 
 
 Miihlae hump, swelling; tdtid to [swell], gender, bear; tonn, tond billow, 
 surface, skin; tdn buttocks; W., Cor., Bret, tynell, tonnel, tonel [rounded 
 bark], skin, surface, barrel; Bret.tonnentnrf; tud people; 0. C. Teuto- 
 people; Touto-bodiaci victorious people; Toutio-rix; W. Tut-gual, Ir. 
 Tuath-fdl rampart of people (Tuthill, Tuttle, Toodle, O'Toole); Tuda, 
 Tueda [swelling] rivers; Tonneius, Tontius potters; Tunn-ocelum 
 high mound. 
 
 Sk. sthd to stand, be firm; styai to heap up, round out, pack together, 
 bind, encircle, crush, burst, flash, ring out, spread round; stdi to 
 wrap, clothe; tay, tdy, day, de to encircle, guard [sheep, camp], watch, 
 glance round, make rounds, love, shoot [wolf]; tdyus prowler, roamer, 
 thief; sten to [wander round, prowl], steal; steyam theft; tev, dev, div 
 to sport round, shoot ; dyu to assail ; dyut to prowl round, flash round, 
 
 shine; ddi to rub, scour; caus. form dip to flash. Gk. Taw, xal^w 
 
 to grasp, seize; otat?, aiai? {tsxMxiq) dough [heaped, handled, rolled]; 
 (jTsap (aTscrroq) dough; tallow, fat (tousled, rubbed into buckskin; 
 [t-qtizo) to snatch, steal]; TYj-ixeXew to guard, care for ((jLeXw p. 97); 
 TiQTaotiat to be stripped, deprived; tiqtt) want; ttqijsio? empty, vain; 
 Stju to [prowl], discover, seek; S(li7)(j.ai (red.) to seek; Aijti [wanderer, 
 
 protector] = AT)-iJLi5Tif)p. Lat. ttieor to watch, guard, glance round; 
 
 con-tueor, in-tueor, circum-tiieor; Ta-tius reever; tenebrae darkness 
 
 {sten). Goth, thius, thivi, thevis (O. H. G. dio, diu) household 
 
 servant (brisk) ; thiubs (A. S. thedf) thief (prowler; causal, or developed 
 /) ; ga-thivan to enslave; O. N. thy maid-servant; A. S. ge-tvaeman, 
 
 ge-tvaefan to rob, snatch, drive off {day, div, dip). R. tait to [whirl 
 
 away], conceal, hide; taikom stealthily, mysteriously; taina mystery,, 
 secret; tein shadow, darkness, ghost; steina [encircling, protecting] 
 wall ; t[v\in palisade ; dyatel woodpecker {dyut) ; staya marauding band. 
 
 Ir. tain cattle-reeving, foray; tdid thief; taiscim to hide away; 
 
 taisse the dead, relics, ghosts; dfiiw protection; 0. C. Taius, Taietio, 
 Taetania; Tasinemetum. 
 
 Sk. day {daye) to toss round, be lavish, give; middle voice to 
 claim one's share, enjoy, eat; daya grace, mercy; day to give; dayas 
 share, inheritance; da to give; do, da {ddmi, dyami) to cut, carve 
 
 game, share; datis division; ddtram portion. Gk. Sail^o) to cleave, 
 
 divide; Safo) (Sii(jffo(i.at) to divide, distribute, feast; SatTpsuo to carve; 
 8atTp6? carver; Sai? food, feast; SatTuq, Sakr) portion, a meal; [Sj'atTa], 
 Sfaixa [appointed, destined] manner of life, diet, dwelling; legal arbitra-, 
 
— 293 — 
 
 tion ; Sftfvu^JLt to feast ; Bawu^Jiuv guest ; ha'ziof^ai to divide, cut in two, share; 
 Saafjxds division, share, tribute; Sscj-xdTY)? portion-master, head of house- 
 hold; 8^-iJios assignment of land, commune, folk-moot, people {da. to 
 carve; mas to measure?); 8af-(jiuv good luck, genius; dc-ST](ji,ovsu to have 
 bad luck, be wretched; Atqu, Aif)(ji.iJTiQp [portion giver], Demeter; StjiJii? 
 
 portion of fat, added to meat-portion. Lat. con-dio to add fixed 
 
 proportion, season, fry; con-dlmentum seasoning, seasoned dish; di- 
 
 v-ido (Sa/ti^w); di-, de [divided] from, [a part] of (p. i6). R. davat. 
 
 to grant. Ir., W. di, Corn, dhe, Bret, di- from, of. 
 
 Sk. same root day to distribute; da to divide; da to give; caus. 
 dapaydmi to cause to give, distribute; desid. [dips], dits to desire 
 
 portion. Gk. Saxxw to cut, tear to pieces, devour (melts with 
 
 dang, dag to bite) ; Saxavctu to spend, use up, exhaust; SaTcdvr) expense,, 
 extravagance; Slxaq banquet-bowl, beaker; SaiJJtXifis bountiful; Snjidci) 
 
 to thirst; SeTxvov banquet, dinner, food. Lat. daps meal of flesh,! 
 
 sacrificial banquet; dapinare to serve a meal; [ad-deps], adeps fat, 
 
 drippings (added to the portion of meat) . A. S. tifer, tiber, O. H. G. 
 
 zebar, O. N. tafn sacrifice; distributing horse-flesh for meal; O. N. tafn 
 the prey of wild animals; M. H. G. un-ge-zibele unhallowed; Ger. 
 Ungeziefer; Zauber. 
 
 Sk. stai to wrap, robe; day, de to encircle, guard; da (dydtni) to 
 
 bind; daman, ddmd bond, cord, fillet. Gk. Sew, SfS-r)fi,t to bind, tie, 
 
 shoe; 8ei it is obligatory, duty, right; Slai? knot, plot; Se(j(X(5i; bond 
 {das to whirl round); Ssajjisiio) to chain, confine; Ssti^ fagot; Sjw, Suvw 
 [form dyu, dyut to move round] to put on clothes; 8ta-B-r)(xa, xpTQ-Sspov. 
 
 head-fillet, tiara. Lat. in-di4o to put on, dress; dumus, dum-etum 
 
 thicket; [davrum, dorum], lorum thong; lorica mail; dwm while, until 
 
 (during revolution) ; demum at last. Goth, ga-timan, O. H. G. 
 
 zeman to [encircle, clothe], fit, beseem; O. N. taumr bond, fetter, rein 
 (Zaum); A. S. tima [limited] time; team a team, pair; ge-tvaeman to 
 
 hinder; Ger. zaum£ntQ delay. R. davit to hang, strangle, press. 
 
 Ir. dUiu wrap, blanket, protection; ddm a crowd, band, company. 
 
 Sk. same roots; daman bond, withe ; dam, damas [bound poles; hut], 
 
 house; dam-patis house-master, husband. Zd. dema dwelling. 
 
 Gk. SlfAO), 5o[jlIu to [twist, wattle]; build, make; U\>.ctq framework, 
 structure, body, person; Sliivtov [coiling place], bed; 5o[Aii, 8dii.os 
 building, room, temple, tier of bricks; 8u, 8wi«,d; house, hall, temple, ^ 
 
 family; Sf-Suno? [double body (Se[Aae); or 8(SY)t«,t supra], a twin. 
 
 Lat. domus house, family; domi at home; domesticus; domicilium {colo 
 
— 294 — 
 
 to inhabit p. i6o). Dan. tommer, O. Sax. timbar, O. H. G. zimhar 
 
 building, building-wood, timber; Goth, timryan to build. 0. R. domu 
 
 house; R. dom house, family; doma at home. Ir. [ar-, air-], er-dam 
 
 front hall, Tpd-SoiAOi;; damna material (cf. p. 284); O. C. Dommius. 
 
 Same roots; Sk. dam (ddmydmi, damaydmi, damanydmi p.p. ddntas) 
 to [bind, lasso, yoke, hobble, tether], tame, be tamed; -damas taming; 
 damanas tamer; damyas young steer; damas self-command; a fine; 
 
 punishment. Gk. S(!(tivT](ji.i, Sa[i.(4(i), Saixal^ci) to control, tame, defeat, 
 
 kill; SatAotXir]!; steer; SajJiaXf? heifer; Sdjiiap (-apTO?) wife; -Sa[ios 
 
 controlling; S^iti? slave; a-Sti.-t]To<; unbroken; dS[i.ii]q unwedded. Lat. 
 
 domo to tame; domitus tamed; dominus master; damnum fine; con- 
 
 demno to punish (cf. p. 289). Goth, ga-tamyan, O. H. G. zamon to 
 
 tame; 0. H. G. zam tame. Ir. damim to yield, suffer, concede; dam 
 
 a steer, ox; an-dam uncultivated, wilderness; W. dometic tame; 
 [dom\, dof tame ; dofi to tame ; dauf son-in-law (young steer) ; Bret. 
 damen slave, prisoner; O. C. Dem,etae, Devetae tamers, shepherds; 
 Davidius, David, Davies wild steer (dam-flad) ; Damns, Damonus. 
 
 Sk. day to circle, defend, glance, aim, flash out; dl (didi, didyati), 
 div, dev, dyu, dyut, dyo, didhi to flash round, shine round, be bright; 
 dhinv, dhi, dinv to delight, exhilarate; dinas day; a-dya to-day; div to 
 glitter, sport; div brightness, sky; dyo, dydus heaven; god of heaven; 
 
 day; divyas heavenly; divam, divasas day; devas god. Zd. div to 
 
 shine; da^a spirit. Gk. [forms Sc-, Si/]; Stjo to [be bright eyed], 
 
 search, find; Seato, SodcaasTO it [appeared], seemed to me; Sf/aXos, 
 SleXos, SijXoi; [shining], clear, manifest; euSeieXo? distinct, far seen, 
 sunny; euSfa clear sky; evBto? at noon; SIXsTpov lantern, torch; 
 SsEsXoi; [glimmer, see-your-way], dusk; [div, dyaus, din], Zeu?, Zi^; 
 Zdq, ZiQv, Ai?; gen. Atd?, Zi]v6<;; Boeot. Aeu?, Aijv {^ — ^y) god of heaven, 
 light, evolution, order; destroyer of chaotic force; father of the exist- 
 ent world and its forces; Ai/wvyj {van to love) fair light, clear sky, 
 mother of Aphrodite the summer cloud ; AuaXo? [divalis] the Pannonian 
 Apollo; Atd-vuaoq day-star {dies +vu^) son of Zeu? by SsjigXit) (6[jiaX6i;, 
 evening of light and dark, morning-dusk) ; she is consumed by the 
 glory of her husband when he appears; he hides the day-star in his 
 thigh, and it is born again as evening-star (cf. AUrvas p. 117); 
 Dionysus is nursed by the Hyades or nymphs of Nyssa (vii^) in their 
 cave, and wrapped in a dappled fawn-skin, said by Diodorus Siculus 
 to typify the starry heaven ; he reappears in the far east to begin con- 
 quest of earth; as representative of gladness he is confused with 
 Bofx/oq; marries Ariadne the pole-star, who has drawn Theseus the 
 
— 295 — 
 
 sun from the winter labyrinth and has been deserted when he turns 
 southward again; 5!a day (Cretan); (SySd-Stov watch of moon, week, 
 
 festival of Theseus (p. 53). Lat. dies (gen. difei) day; [dvi-divum], 
 
 bi-duum two days; inter -diuhy day; diu [all day] long (working-day) ; 
 [Diunius], Junius long-days; [nunc-divis], nu-dius the present day; 
 [nom-dinae], nundinae holy-days (p. 32); sub dio under the sky, h la 
 belle 4toile; dlvus divine; deus god; {Dyus-pater\, Juppiter (Jovis); 
 Diana bright moon, crescent-bow, huntress, cold-beam; cycle of nature, 
 survival of fittest, Diana of Nemi; melts with Janus, J ana (p. 10); 
 
 dtW5 [brilliant, flashing round, generous; cf-rfay] rich. A.S. Tives-dag 
 
 Tuesday; O. H. G. Zio day god; O. N. [tivos], tivor, iir god (dat. tifi, 
 plu. tivar) ; Tyr god of war ; his right hand (dakshinas, noon) is 
 devoured by wolf of winter; tyr [flashing, whirling] sword; fir-tree 
 (Sprotzbaum, shooting out, round); decoration, glory; tida to succeed, 
 proceed; A. S. tyr splendor, brightness; tir glory; tier decoration (at-tire, 
 Zier) ; round heap, foundation, row, tier; tire of wheel; O. N. ti&, \tia-se'\, 
 tidir it [revolves], turns out, succeeds; with demonst. term, tid, tiddhi 
 (cf. divitis) it is manifest, appears; caus. to show, prove, convince, 
 announce; to chance; tidhendi tidings; tidhr (A. S. ttd) [glance], chance, 
 
 opportunity, tide; time, hour of day, festival; Norse Tyin divine. 
 
 Lith. deivas god; deina day; O. R. dini day (dinv) ; dini-si to-day; R. 
 
 dennitza dawn, day-star. Ir. dia day; [sin-diu], in-diu to-day; 
 
 denus space of time; tre-denus three days; dia god; diada divine; 
 "W. dyw, diw, dydd day (cf. ttdh, didhi); [se-diw], he-diw to-day; duw 
 god; duiutit divinity; Cor. det day; Bret, [didez], deiz, dez, de'keh day; 
 diiad, dead circle of day, journie; doue, doi god; Ir. dead, dead sunset, 
 end; Fer-dead hero of sunset, slain by Cuchullin the sun; O. C. 
 Divius; Divio[n], Divona divinely fair; Diva, Devius, Deius, Devognata; 
 Dev-fillius, Dev-ona; Dii-ona (nymph); Divico, Divixta divine help 
 (icaim) ; Divitia, Divitidcos rich; In-dutio-marus great in wealth. 
 
 Same roots; div, dev, to flash out, shoot, wound; dyu to assail. 
 
 Gk. Sato?, Sfco? hostile, destructive, terrible, woful; Sijidu to claw, 
 
 tear, hew, slaughter (melts with Saiw p. 292). Ir. dith injury, end, 
 
 death; 0. C. [Deio-tarvus], Deio-idrus destroying bull. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; dinv to delight ; div, dev, tev to sport round, play ; dyut 
 to flash; dyutas sport; devanas sport, game, dice; devaras, devri [play- 
 mate], husband's younger brother (cf . na-nandri sister-in-law ; nand to be 
 
 merry; implies eariy marriage) . Arm. [taw], tagr brother-in-law. 
 
 Gk. ha-fip husband's brother. Lat. levir husband's brother; (cf. 
 
 8d()ipu, lacryma) . K.S.tdcor, O. H.Q.zeihhur brother-in-law (cf . Arm.) . 
 
— 296 — 
 
 Lith. deiveris husband's brother; O. R. deiveri brother-in-law; R. 
 
 deiva, deivka unmarried girl; [dvyai], zyat brother-in-law? deiviHnik 
 wedding evening. Bret, deouiein to be swift, eager. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; day, div to circle, shoot, flash ; di (dlydmi) to whirl, 
 eddy, speed, fly round; caus. vi-dip to flash; pari-di to flow round, 
 ifly round; dl (diye, daye) to soar; dinas Right; dinas confused, wretched; 
 di to [fly away], vanish; didhi to flash round; dhanv, danv to revolve 
 (p. 289); du (dunomi) to be dizzy, confused; du to roam round; davas 
 [pathless] forest; du to be whirled, tormented, grieved; dhii, do-dhu to 
 
 eddy, whirl, blow, be confused, tremble. Gk. Stu, 5iea6at to run, 
 
 drive, flee, be afraid, routed; Sivy), Slvo? whirl, whirlpool, creative 
 force, waltz, lathe, goblet; Siveuw to whirl, eddy, dance, bore; Seiv(i; 
 vehement, terrible, splendid, keen, clever; 5etva a certain person 
 [aimed at]; SiivaiJiat to be [impetuous], strong; Suvaixi? force; Bcafvw to 
 sprinkle, wet, weep; Slw to be [poured out, empty], in need; Seo(j,ac to 
 tell one's need, beg, entreat; evBew to [be empty within, hungry], 
 needy, poor; Suto, Suvu to whirl down, roll down, plunge into, set [of 
 sun]; Beuw to [cast away], miss, lack; to sprinkle, wet; to roll, knead; 
 But) woe; Buepd? unlucky; Buaw to plunge in woe; [BuiJia sunset]; 
 'Ev-BuiA-iuv evening-star; his sleep (setting) is watched by the new- 
 moon (Aaxyio?, p. 144) ; caus. Buxtm to dive ; Souiclu to fall with a [splash], 
 crash; \davas\ Bsoq [confusion], fear; BeiSw to fear \didhi\; [du, dav, 
 davri circler]; Aupieu? rover, Dorian; Aupf? sea-nymph (circling 
 horizon, cf. Tptiuv); 'EicBaupoq on the seashore; Bsiipo, Bsuxe [turn] 
 hither! [with I for ri] BsfXiQ [rolling down], descent of sun, afternoon; 
 'BsiXi? [turning, flying, cf. fEUYu] cowardly; BouXoq slave (confused, 
 captured); Bd'to? [roaming], wretched; [Ba/aXd?], BauXdq dense [forest]; 
 AauXis forest; nightingale; Bta [boring] through; [aiming at], for the 
 sake of; [shooting] beyond? Soii^ confusion, perplexity, doubt; 
 Bodied), Boidl^w to hesitate. Lat. \duvius\, dubius [confused], doubt- 
 ful (cf. sandigdhas). O.N. titra to tremble; Eng. to titter; Germ. 
 
 zittern (SeiSo)); O. N. tina to [revolve], count, tell, report; tyna to 
 hurl away, lose; [tyna-se], tynaz to perish; A. S. stUnian to whirl, 
 
 confuse, stun. Ir. dian swift; dene speed; ditiu [ring-wall], protection 
 
 (melts with day to guard, p. 279); dith circle, boundary, end; doe 
 ring-wall; doe [confused], slow; [duva], duba confusion, perplexity, 
 sorrow, [darkness; cf. davas forest]; dub dark, black; dobur evil, foul 
 [stagnant]; dobur [eddying, deep], water (cf. Biixtu); dobor-chu [water- 
 dog], otter, beaver; dobrdn beaver; W. dauu [roaming, landless], 
 subject, serf; W. dwbr, dwfr. Corn, dowr, dour, Bret, dubr, dour water; 
 Bret, dovein, doitein to [roll down, plump down], lay eggs; Bret. 
 
— 297 — 
 
 davein to [turn round], delay; daufeu idle tales; W. davat, Bret, davad 
 [wandering] sheep; Ir. diuit scatterbrained, simple; 0. C. Dubra, 
 Dubris [deep bank], water, Dover (5 in France) ; Davus serf; Davius 
 Daverius; Davilus; Dolus; Bret. Dedeu the Wandering Jew. 
 
 Sk. div, [du] to wheel, revolve, [bend double]; dvi-, dvau, dva two; 
 dvis twice ; dvi-tlyas second {tay to circle) ; dva-yas twofold ; [dlvi in 
 
 two, apart, asunder, around, outside [circle]; dvi-dhas in two. Zd. 
 
 dva two ; [dvi, dbi], hi- two (in composition) ; [dvitiyas], bitya the second. 
 
 Gk. Sud), S60, Sotot two; Si- in compos.; S/f? twice; [dvit-aras], 
 
 Seiitepoq second; \dvityos\, Siaad? double; St^a, SixOa asunder, apart 
 (ot^, vish to separate, p. 267); Zr.yja-QX(x<s[<x variance; Si«- apart; Sia-, 
 t^a- doubly, exceedingly (Zd-Xsuxo? very white; X,-ii.-^%kt\ curved double). 
 
 ^Lat. diio, hi- two ; bis twice ; dis- apart ; bini in pairs ; Umbr. [dus], 
 
 dur two. Goth, tvai; fem. tvos; neut. tva (gen. tvaddye =dvidhas) ; 
 
 tow-5<a55 = Stxo-STa(7fa; Ger. zwischen betwixt. Lith. du; fem. dvi; 
 
 0. R. dwa, dMwa; R. dvukh- in compos. Ir. [cfwa], dd; fem. df ; J^- in 
 
 compos.; W., Cor., Bret, dou; fem. dui, diu. 
 
 Sk. (itz;, [du] to turn, wheel; dw [repetition, doubling, direction 
 
 toward]. Zd. da toward; vaegmen-da homeward. Gk. oIx,6vSe, 
 
 oha-Se, o'^xa-St? homeward; Giipa-l^e to the door, out of the door, 
 out of doors; 81 (repetition), and, however, but; Sd-xeSov, i^df-icsSov 
 [to the] ground, floor, plain; 'C.a.-, Sia- [doubly], intensive prefix; Sii 
 
 [whirling, boring] through, [turning toward], for the sake of. Lat. 
 
 [do-dicd] dedico, to dedicate. A. S. to, O. H. G. zuo, za, ze, zi to, 
 
 unto. O. R. do, do- unto, until near. Ir. do, du to, unto. 
 
 Sk. dl, du to whirl; du to be dizzy; davas [bewildering] forest, 
 [whirling] fire; du {dunomi); to be whirled, vexed; causal dip to 
 whirl, blaze, kindle, burn; davas, davas, davathus blaze, conflagration, 
 
 heat. Gk. Safw (SiSyja, 8eSau[jisvoi;) to kindle, burn, devastate; 
 
 Sat? (SatSo?), SaStov, [Sa/aXo?], Sa^eXi?, SaXd? fire-brand, torch. 
 
 R. davka [whirling] crowd. Ir. ten-ddl, ddiUeinid fire-brand; 
 
 [davathus], dddha, ddd conflagration; ddim, ddthim to burn, singe; Bret. 
 devi to burn. 
 
 Sk. same roots; du, dhu, dhu to whirl; [davas circling]; [davalas 
 tangling, twisting, rolling, brandishing, flashing]; dval to stir, mix; 
 
 dul to toss round, play dice (v. p. 281) ; dhulis [whirling] dust. Gk. 
 
 SiXXw, l,iXkii> to throw (Hesych.) ; SsXXi? [whirling] wasp; WXt) surge, 
 spray; SY)X^o(Aat to [whirl, shoot; to bewilder, bewitch]; to harm, do 
 mischief; 8y)Xy^(ji,(i)v baneful ; ST)XiQTinptoq noxious, poisonous; [SeX-SfXXu], 
 
— 298 — 
 
 Sev-S£XX(i) to glance around, flash the eyes (dhanus how, aim) ; SY^XeaOat, 
 5efXe<j9ai to [aim at], desire; e6eXo) to desire (d-dhval); SeXsap, SsiXap 
 (-aToi;) bait, attraction; S^iSaXXw to [wreathe, embroider, turn, 
 shape, mold, variegate], work gold, ivory, shape statues; SaiBaXeo? 
 beautifully made, variegated; AaiBaXo? the circling, creative, flashing 
 sun; he constructs a xopo?. dancing place (cycling sky) for Ariadne 
 the pole-star, and the Labyrinth for Minos (p. 85); he is imprisoned 
 in it and escapes with his son Icarus the day-star (p. 264) who is lost 
 
 in his father's rays; SevSaXf? cake; SdXo? trick; BdXuv top-sail. Lat. 
 
 [delu image]; delu-brum shrine; dolo to shape, round, hew; dola-hra 
 axe; dolium earthen jar (molded); doleo to [be whirled, troubled], 
 
 suffer; dolus [confusing] snare, deceit. Goth, til [glance, aim], 
 
 chance, opportunity; ga-tilon to attain; talzyan to [relate], teach; 
 A. S. tilian (O. H. G. zil6n) to aim at, strive toward goal, direct plow, 
 boat (to till; tiller); telian, tellan (O. H. G. zellan) to [glance from one 
 object to another], count, tell; teltian to whirl, shake, dash round, 
 tilt; O. N. tiald tent, tapestry; tal computation, narrative; tal fraud; 
 
 O. H. G. z&la ambuscade. ^R. deilat to shape, round, make, do; 
 
 reflex, deilat-sya to turn out, become; \dolvit\, dolbit to hew, carve, 
 
 hollow; O. R. deluva jar; Lith. dailus beautiful, dailinti to adorn. 
 
 Ir. deddl [returning, gleaming], twilight; dell-rod glory, light, dawn; 
 dula roaming; dollod 1 went; \delu, delv], delb figure, form, image 
 (W. delu; cf. delu-brum); delbaim, dolbim to shape, form, fashion; 
 dolbud a fiction; dolbihach enchanter; dUleman, dulem [rounder, shaper], 
 creator; dull creature, creation; dualaige painter; d6el, ddel cockchafer 
 (SeXXEq); deilm uproar, confused din; dillat [wrapped] garment (W. 
 id); Bret, delin [fire-drill], flint and steel; dilhad garments; dule germ, 
 navel; delu form; dolien envelope, husk. 
 
 Sk. day to [toss round, hand to guests], give, distribute, be generous, 
 merciful; da (p.p. ddtas) to give; do (dydmi) to [twist off, tear prey], 
 cut up, distribute (p. 292); dal {dalami, daddla) to burst; caus. ddZo- 
 
 ydmi to divide. Gk. BatSdXXb) to carve, engrave; BT)X^o(j.ai to slay, 
 
 harm (melting with p. 297). Lat. dolo to hew. A. S. taele torn; 
 
 be-daelan to tear away, expose, reveal; daelan to divide, share (implies 
 Sk. form dhal as da melts with dhd p. 285; v. p. 278); Goth, dailyan 
 (O. H. G. tailyan) to distribute, share; dails a share, portion; ga-daila 
 
 sharer, companion. ^Lith. daliyu to divide; dalis part, share; R. 
 
 deilit to divide, distribute, share; dolya share, portion; doloto chisel. 
 
 Ir. ddlim to divide, distribute; ddil share, portion; dailem butler; 
 
 dil one's own; lawful share; diles property, possession; dilmain lawful 
 (p. 81); de-dail parting, severance, cutting; ddl farther shore; Dd 
 
— 299 — 
 
 Riada Ulster coast; O. Bret. Dal-itoc generous; O. Ir. Dal-agnos cheer- 
 fully generous. 
 
 Sk. day, deto move round, [glance, aim round, observe], to protect, 
 [consider, be gracious], (p. 279); di, div, dinv, dhi, dhinv to whirl, 
 flash, glance, exhilarate, delight; dhydi to observe, reflect, think; 
 
 du, dku, dhu, dhanv to go round, revolve, whirl. Gk. [Saefu, Saeco], 
 
 Soijvai to observe, learn, know; Bkiqixwv experienced, wise; lai, 5t], SI 
 how now? for sure; GoJoiAat, SedoiJiai, 0Y)£o;jiat, Dor. Baloixai to gaze, 
 view, reconnoitre, reflect; Sea view; [GeaTu?], eaTu<; = eewpfa (Hesych.); 
 OlaTpov theatre; eia(i.a, eauixa marvellous sight, wonder; Ge-upta (6pau) 
 view, point of view, Weltanschauung, theory; God? swift, active; 
 Ged? god (swift, all-seeing; cf. p. 284); GsoetxeXo?, 6E[o]<j>i£Xoq godlike 
 
 (p. 160); Gsoxeatoq divinely uttered. Goth, [ga-davan], ga-daban 
 
 to [hit mark], chance, happen, be suitable; dius (plu. diuzis) wild 
 
 beast (watchful, lurking). O. R. diviti sen to wonder; divesa 
 
 marvel; R. divniy wonderful; divo prodigy; Bohem. divadlo theatre. 
 Ir. dath color (Gairu?) ; data agreeable, O. C. Datto-vir. 
 
 Sk. day, div, dev to glance, aim, dart, wound; to utter cry, lament; 
 dhi to hurl out, spurn; ava-dhydi to spurn; apa-dhydi to curse; shtiv, 
 
 shtlv to spit. Gk. GeTov brimstone? Gst'vw to strike; Ssvvdi^u 
 
 to curse. Lat. finis [mark, target], goal, end, boundary, (melts 
 
 with p. 51; the same circle of roots implies shepherding, folding, 
 loving, walling, defending, watching, aiming, shooting, ejecting foe). 
 
 Sk. di to whirl, eddy; di to fly (cf . volvo, volo) ; du, dU to be whirled, 
 confused, vexed ; du to blaze ; davas fire ; dhu (dhunvdn) ; dhU (dhUndmi, 
 dhunve, p. p. dhutas, dhUnas [melt with dhanvan p. 289]; caus. dhd- 
 vayami; intens. dodhuye) to whirl, hurl, shake, dash out, cast away; 
 dhdv {dhavami, p. p. dhdutas) to run [round], run to, eddy, spulen, 
 wash, bathe; dudh to be impatient, fierce, wild; dhumas smoke; 
 dhulis [eddying] dust; dul to toss round, cast dice; dolay to whirl; 
 caus. dhap (dhUpdydmi) to smoke, cause to smoke, offer incense; to 
 sparkle, flash out, speak eagerly; dhmd (dhamyamdnas, p. p. dhmdtas) 
 to blow, inflate, use bellows, kindle fire ; dhamas panting, [throbbing]; 
 dhamanis vein; intens. dhmdnksh to pant for, long for, scream, crow; 
 dhuksh to blaze ; dhUf, dhOs to irradiate ; dhush to be inflamed with 
 
 passion. Zd. dun-man [whirling] vapor, mist. Gk. Gew, Gefd) 
 
 (GsiisoiAai) to run [round the track], speed, fly round (rolling stone, 
 potter's wheel, quoit) ; to encircle (rim of shield) ; Go6q swift; Gudtw to be 
 wild, in a heat; Gu(ii;o) to celebrate orgy; Go(i!;w to whirl, speed, be brisk, 
 
— 300 — 
 
 [plunge into one's place], sit down (of. sad) ; Oodo) to [rub round, grind] 
 bring to a point, sharpen, exasperate; 6uc'a [pointed] savin, African 
 cypress; Ouefa, SofSu^ a mortar (grinding); Oiju to whirl, rage (of 
 wind and water), steam, rush, desire; 6u(i) to sacrifice, 6ij(i,a, 6ua{a, Ouo; 
 smoking sacrifice, incense; 8ut<,eXT) altar; &a6\>.a<; storm-cloud, father 
 of Iris the rainbow; Oj^jiov [earth's incense], thyme; Qu-qziq fragrant' 
 eu(ji.ppa savory; [dhva, vdha], ^Sew to break wind, stink (cf. pSaXXu); 
 eeiov brimstone; Guvo) to rush, speed, rage; Guvvo? tunny fish; GiJcXXa 
 whirlwind, tempest (dul); QiaaaaQai to [pant for, be ardent], pray 
 {dhus) ; %u<^iq passion, spirit, mind; Guuffau to [pant with open mouth], 
 bark, bay, yell; %&q wolf, jackal; caus. ecoicsuo) to wheedle, fawn, 
 
 flatter (encenser?) ; OtiiJ^ flatterer. hat.fumus smoke; fumo to smoke; 
 
 suf-fio to offer incense; suf-fimen incense; fimus [reeking] dung; foeteo 
 to stink; foedus rotten, carrion {dddhuye to cast away; but see p. 50);, 
 faveo, foveo to bathe (dhdv), [care for baby], cherish, ia.voT; f omentum ^ 
 warm bath, caress; Favonius, Faunus southwest wind (warm and 
 dewy cf. Africus, p. 20); Zephyrus, Pan; favus honeycomb (dewy, 
 fragrant; Ouo?); fovea animal's lair (cuddling cubs; Oodl^w); fames hot 
 coals, banked fire, kindling wood (dhmd); f omenta to kindle; favilla 
 
 embers, ashes {dhulis; cf. cicoStSs). Goth, divan to [pant out, expire], 
 
 die; [davaihus], dauthus death; us-datidyan to [pant after], be eager, 
 zealous ; <iaMM5 odor (steaming pot) ; A. S. dust dust; Dutch doest, doenst 
 flour; Ger. Dunst vapor; O. H. G. tunst storm; tount vapor, smoke; 
 Goth, daubs, O. N. daufr [whirled, confused], deaf (dhup) ; 0. N. doell 
 [whirling], light (dhulis) ; A. S. dol, O. H. G. tol mad, desperate; Goth. 
 dumbs, O. N. dumbi [confused], dumb (form dhup) ; A. S. dedv, 0. H. G. 
 tau dew; (O. N. dogg with hardened digamma); A. S. duva, Goth. 
 dubo, O. H. G. duba, tuba dove (circling, diving, cf. Heb. tHr; xEpiiyrspii; 
 
 calumba). Lith. dumai smoke; O. R. dunanti to breathe; d[v]imu 
 
 smoke; dukhu spirit; dusha soul; R. dukhota choking heat; dushit to 
 
 perfume, choke; dut to blow, swell, round out; dulo gun-barrel. 
 
 Ir. donn smoke-colored, brown, dun; dub dark, black; dobur dark, 
 evil (p. 296) ; W., Cor., Bret, dub, duv, du dark; Bret, dumed [light as air], 
 down, duvet; O. C. Dubis [dark river; Doubs, Dove]; Donnius; Donno-- 
 taurus (the dun cow of Warwick; cloud, tempest). 
 
 Same roots; du, dhil to whirl; dhulis dust; dholas drum; dul to toss 
 
 round; dhdv to eddy, wash; dhavalas pure, white. Gk. SaiSiXXu 
 
 tp [wreathe, mold]; OiieXXa whirlwind; GdXXu to be fresh, happy; 
 to [swell, round out, wave in breeze, be bathed with dew], be vigorous, 
 luxuriant, abundant (v. dhe p. 285; trinh); GaXXd? sprout, bough; 
 8(iXo<; scion, child; 6aXs9u to bloom, be fat, wanton; OaXla, abundance, 
 
— 301 — 
 
 good cheer, mirth; edXatJsa the sea (fresh, joyous; affected by TapcJcoo), 
 wind-tossed); [UfaXa], OuXXa leaves, garlands, feast of Aphrodite; 
 eiiXT)(Aa wave-offering; buXkiq, OuXaxoi; [bud], seed-capsule, swelling 
 bag; edXos [sweat-hut, smoke-house], vaulted kitchen, rotunda; 
 eoXfa round hat, umbrella, trunk; OoXd?, BoXep^g whirling, turbid, 
 foul; sepia (dhulis). Lat. follis, folliculus skin-bottle, bladder, wind- 
 bag, fool; ful-igo soot (OoXdq); fullo washerman (dhavalas) ; fulica 
 
 heron (lone washerman in swamp). A.S. dil, O.H. G. tille [fresh, 
 
 luxuriant] dill; Eng. deal fir-wood, Sprotzbaum; Goth, dulthan 
 (0. H. G. tuldan) to celebrate a festival; dulths festival, feast; dvalmon 
 to be [dizzy], mad; 0. N. doelskr foolish; dylya to confuse, darken, hide; 
 
 Eng. to dally; a doll. R. d[v\ilda sprout, pole, tall, gawky. Bret. 
 
 delez to sprout, be green; Bret., Cor. deU, diU [sprout], flagstaff, spar; 
 Jr. deil, deland staff; cor-deled the hurling of Cuchullin's spear (rays of 
 sun; Cuchullin is the sun but melts with Achilles the lightning, p. 
 3); duillen [sprout], javelin; duille leaf; Inis Dowyll isle of shade; 
 Bret, del, delyen, W. delen [del-venna] leaf; Bret, deliatl ivy; dulS navel; 
 dulad mushroom; Ir. diial wreath, twisted hair; O. C. xeiJLxi-SouXa five- 
 leaf, Dioscor. 4 142 ; Dullovius forest-god. 
 
 Sk. stai to encircle, wrap; tay, day to fold, encircle, enclose; intens. 
 forms tans to [wreathe], adorn; tank to bind; tank to squeeze, curdle; 
 tank to be [bound], crushed; tvak to wrap, cover; tvak, skin, bark; 
 tushas pod; tukkhas empty; tusharas [binding] frost (xdcyo? p. 40); 
 tvank, tank, tank, tang to go round ; tungas round, swollen, high ; tun^ 
 to wrap, robe; tuni, tu^ to whirl, hurl, shoot; tuh to [twist], vex [wring, 
 mold, shape]; tokas embryo, child; stokas small; stuk to protect; be 
 propitious; sthag to wrap, cover, conceal; sthaganam envelope, con- 
 cealment; stak to [guard ring-wall], repel, drive out, thrust. Zd. 
 
 tuk to beget. Gk. oTeYw to cover closely, shelter, hide, keep out 
 
 water, repel, endure, support; oreToq, aTSYir), Tsyo? roof ; OTlyaq, <y:i-^i\, 
 (jTeyvd? dwelling, shelter, room, deck; <n:eYal^(i) to cover, wrap, embrace; 
 Teysa walled town; -reixo?, totxoe ring-wall, fortification, palisade, 
 side of ship ; teuxu to round, shape, wattle, mold, stir, cook, produce, 
 prepare, bring to pass; tsiJxo? tool, instrument, round vessel, barrel, 
 jar, household furniture, armor (fencing body), arms (repelling vio- 
 lence); tixvov child (wrought, fashioned in womb); -cfxTO) (le^u, 
 ■clToxa) to beget, generate, bear child, lay egg; t<5xo<; childbirth, child, 
 interest on money; Texvr) trade, craft, art, system; Texvoti^d) to devise, 
 
 contrive, be subtle. Lat. tego to cover, clothe, shelter; tectum roof; 
 
 tegimen covering; tignum beam (affected by ti^ to sharpen, thrust; 
 hut-pole); prae-textus pretence, [shield]; tug-urium hut (avara under); 
 
— 302 — 
 
 teges wrap, blanket; toga robe; stega shed. Goth, tkeihan ("cdxo?) to 
 
 grow, thrive, swell, be strong; A. S. thedh thigh; thyktig strong, firm; 
 thiggyu, O. H. G. digyu to attain (v. p. 304) ; A. S. thicce, 0. N. thykkr 
 well-rounded, thick, close (tungas) ; A. S. theccan, decan 0. N. thekya, 
 thakti, O. H.G. dekyan, decchen, to cover, thatch, deck (A. S. decan = 
 
 sthag, [dhag]). Lith. stegiu to cover; stogas roof; tinku to be strong, 
 
 capable; tikras firm, suitable; tinkas it comes to pass; tenku to belong; 
 tekys [begetter], ram; O. Pruss, tikint to make; teikusna creation; 
 Lith. tukai, O. R. tuku fat; O. R. tuknanti to make firm; R. tugoi 
 
 firm, strong. Ir. leg, tech house; [teg-fern], tigerna [house-shield, 
 
 head of family], lord; tuga cover, roof; tugim to cover; cu-m-taigim to 
 build, construct; tucht form, shape; tugen robe; imm-thuge clothing; 
 tuig, tiget, tige thickness; stuag [rounding] arch; W., Bret, bou-tig cattle- 
 house; Bret, ti house; tieg householder; to, ton roof; touein to thatch; 
 to}i hat; tiii stout, thick; O. C. Tig-emus, Tigurini, Tigerno-maglus; 
 Tog-onius, Tog-orix, Tugia; Tocco (stout). 
 
 Sk. same roots; tvaU skin, bark; tva^, taksh to bark, peel, wrench, 
 hew, cover, form; takshan, tashtri carpenter, builder; tans, [tank] to 
 [wreathe], adorn, [wattle, weave, thatch, round clay, potter]; tuMhas 
 [stripped bark], empty, hollow, [bamboo]; (the hut was covered with 
 skin or bark) ; takshanam construction, axe ; tonkas [flint skinning-tool], 
 
 scraper, knife. Zd. task to hew, build, cut; tasha axe; tasta cup, 
 
 bowl. Gk. TdaCTti) (xa^o), Ta/Oi^aoiAai) to [thatch, wattle, set reeds, 
 
 osiers, straws in order]; to arrange, set in order, appoint, station; 
 Tci^tq, Tay^ia row, order, system; xayiQ army, province; tIxtuv car- 
 penter; Tuw? chisel (tvaH); Tuxci^u to chisel, scrape, polish; azalq 
 
 [clay], dough (p. 292). Lat. taxo to set in order, assign equal tasks, 
 
 estimate dues, tax; texo to wattle, weave; [tecla] tela web; weaver's 
 
 beam; te-mo wagon-pole ; testa cup, earthen bowl. Goth, ga-ihvastym 
 
 to establish, lay foundation, set in order, appoint, establish; 0. H. G. 
 dehsa hatchet, chopper, stirring-ladle; M. H. G. dehsen to hackle 
 
 flax; dthsel pole. O.R.iwfeafo' to weave; is -tuknanti to hew ont; tesati 
 
 to hew; tesla axe; Bohem. tesarzh carpenter; R. stukat, stukat to hew, 
 strike; t[v]ikok stroke; tokar wood-turner; toMit to turn, sharpen; 
 ioknost precision, accuracy; toska keenness, anguish; teisto dough 
 (testa) ; fshketa emptiness, vanity (tuMhas) ; Lith. tashyti to car- 
 penter, hew; taisyti to prepare; tinku to fit neatly; stokoyu to lack 
 
 (tukkhas); tushtzias empty. Ir. tescaim to lop, hew; tdcht a piece, 
 
 fragment; tdes, tdes dough, mixed potter's clay; taiss soft; t6iss-rem 
 material, kneaded clay; tiis, tossach origin, beginning (good clay); 
 tucht form, shape; tuchtach beautiful; taog churn {tuh); W. twca knife; 
 
— 303 — 
 
 twc slice; Bret, takonein to fit, adapt, patch; to^z dough; tak bar- 
 gain; 0. C. tasconium potter's clay, Plin. N. H. 33: 69: Con-teytus; 
 Tucca. 
 
 Sk. same roots; tans, tvish to whirl, shake, flash, [wreathe], adorn; 
 tvaksh, tvaU, tun^ to wrap, cover; tanU, tvank to go round, compress; 
 tuh to [twist, sling], vex (cf . duh to twist, wrench, vex) ; tu^, tun^ to 
 [twist, sling], speed, quiver, live, speak, strike, kill, be strong; tduk, 
 dhauk to speed, attain, approach, bestow, perform; tya^ to hurl 
 away, leave behind, desert (cf. HH p. 134); tvish to [shoot], flash out, 
 glance, shine; tush to be merry, glad; tus to [twang, whistle], sound; 
 tustas [whirling] dust; tushdra snow, frost; tas, [sthas, dhas], das to toss, 
 whirl, sweep away, lighten, scorn; tas-karas thief; dasyus robber, 
 
 demon; dasras scout, day-star. Gk. tuyx^vw, (Tsu^ojiat, stuxov) to 
 
 hit the mark, be lucky, to chance, happen, meet; •idx'l (Boeot. To6%a) 
 chance, luck; TEu^t? attainment, acquisition; ivirsu^is entreaty 
 {tun^ to speak); xd^ov bow, archery, bow and arrows; xo^eito to 
 shoot; a'zo%&l,o\x.(xi to aim, shoot, endeavor; ffi:(^xu<; [whorl, bristling, 
 nodding], ear of grain; azaxtSivr] (circular, vibrating) pan of balance; 
 taxu? (comp. Gacrcuv) swift, nimble, fleeting; Bwaaw to gird armor 
 (tvak); TtTuaxoiJLai to take aim, glance; to equip, harness (tsijx(i) = 
 
 twist in, bind). Lat. tesqua, tesca tangled thicket; Tusculum. (now 
 
 Frascati =frasche brush-wood) ; Vicus Tuscus (cf . Viminalis) ; taxo 
 badger (taskaras) ; taxus yew (p. 20) ; in-toxicor to [whirl, make giddy], 
 intoxicate ; [textis], testis [quick glance], eye-witness ; testiculus (against 
 
 excess); tussio to wheeze, cough (tus). Goth, thus-undi, O. H. G. 
 
 diis-unta [bunch of hundreds], thousand; A. S. thistel, O. H. G. distil 
 [bristling] thistle; A. S. thedstor [dizzying, bewildering], twilight, 
 duster; O. N. thoka to rush at; thoka gloom; thysya to rush; thys a din; 
 Thiassi scout of dawn, eloquence, Hermes {Biarkamdl, 20); with gold 
 in mouth (Mercury) ; steals Idhunn (dawn) , her apples (stars) ; is slain 
 
 by sun. R. t[v]isya}Sa (Lith. tukstantis) a thousand; teishit to amuse, 
 
 delight; tasovat to shuffle cards; tusknut to be whirled, troubled; 
 
 taskat to rob, prowl. Ir. ticsaim to snatch away, strip, whirl, let 
 
 loose; ticsal whirling up, lifting up; tasc [whirling] rumor, report; 
 taiscim to whirl together, heap up ; taiscid heap, wealth ; taisse treas- 
 ures, relics (p. 292) ; con-tdisim to listen (tus) ; taissech, tdissech, tiissech 
 [brilliant, dashing], chieftain; W. tywysog chieftain; Bret, tesein to 
 heap; teskad sheaf; teskannein to glean; tiz [full arms, spread arms], 
 toise, fathom; tuezen head of grain; stuhen ray of light; bunch, coil of 
 hair; O. C. Taixali, Taizali marauders; Tas-ili-acus, Taxi-magulus 
 rich; tossia mantle; Tovissacos (tuv+hariv, p. 287?). 
 
— 304 — 
 
 Sk. same roots; tan^, tan^ to bend, curve, squeeze, curdle, press 
 out; tank, tang, tank, tvank, iik, tik to go [round, whirl, eddy, speed, 
 go eagerly, rush, flow]; tak to start, burst out, laugh; takus, takvas 
 
 SMfiit. Zd. tak to run, flow; vi-takhti melting, thawing; Pers. takhtan 
 
 to gallop. Gk. TTiQxoi) to melt ; TiJYavov frying-pan ; T/)xsSwy thaw, pining; 
 
 taxu? swift. Goth, thvahan, 0. H. G.duahan to wash {tvank = spulen) . 
 
 0. R. tekan to run, flow ; teku running, course ; toku stream ; R. tekenie 
 
 current, course; tekukii flowing, fluid; stekat to flow, melt; steklo glass. 
 
 Ir. techim to speed, flee; Bret, tehein to flee, arrive; tignol swift 
 
 boat; techet [current], inclination, disposition; O. C. Tecus, Ticinus 
 rivers; Tincius, Tacanius, Teccunius, Tacilius, T acinus swift. 
 
 Sk. same roots; tik, tik to go; tauk to approach; tik, tik, tig to go 
 eagerly, rush, attack; stigh to [make an effort], assail, ascend, climb. 
 
 Gk. <5xz[%fii, mv/6!.o<^o!.i, uTotxsu to stride, tramp; march in platoon, 
 
 line, order; keep step; (cf. tans to [set in order]); OTixoq, or (^ row, 
 rank of soldiers; line of [ordered, advancing] verse; UTotxelov sun- 
 dial with degrees; child's first steps; alphabet; elements of nature 
 
 (cf. elementum, L. M. N.=A. B. C.) Lat. [vetus-stigium], vestigium 
 
 [old step], footstep, track. Goth, steigan to mount, climb; staiga 
 
 ascent; stiggqan to march, thrust; theihan to advance, grow; theihs 
 [quick] chance, opportunity, time (tik); 0. H. G. stega ascent, moun- 
 tain-path; M. H. G. steigel steep, steil; A. S. staeger stair; stigel stile, 
 
 ladder; 0. Dutch stagger en to stagger (lift foot high). 0. R. 
 
 stignanti to come; stiza track, path; Lith. staigus hasty; staiginis 
 
 steep. Ir. tiagaim to go, stride, approach; imm-thicim, imm-thigim 
 
 to wander round; Bret, tihein to attain, succeed, suffice; O.C. Tecto-- 
 50ge5= seeking achievement, or teg-tossach noble house. 
 
 Sk. same roots ; stak to repel, thrust out ; tya£ to hurl away, abandon, 
 desert; tik, tik, tig to rush against, assatdt, wound, kill; [tva^], tu^ 
 to speed, quiver, wound; tun£ to wound, kill, [quiver], live; to [flash 
 out], speak; ti^ (te^dmi) to sharpen, goad, sxiHer, endure; tiktas hittet, 
 pungent, fragrant (smoke; incense); tigmas keen, burning; heat; 
 
 te^as sunlight, splendor, force, semen; tikshnas keen, clever. Pars. 
 
 tigris an arrow; the Tigris, swift; tfypis tiger (fierce, impetuous). 
 
 -■ Gk. crti^o) to prick, tattoo; <yti-j^a tattooing, brand (<t| to be 
 
 sharp; to bum); oxtYiAi^ point, moment; [o]8i5t'* to sharpen, goad, 
 
 incite; bfiy&vq whetstone. ^Lat. di-stinguo to distinguish [sheep, 
 
 slaves] by marks; sti[g\multis goad, incitement; in-stigare; in-stinctus 
 
 natural impulse; prae-stigiae magic arts (goading, maddening). 
 
 Goth, stikls [drinking] horn; stiggan to sting, goad; stiggqan to en- 
 
— 305 — 
 
 counter, thrust; [s]tuggl star, constellation (te^as); O. N. steik [spit], 
 steak; steikari cook; stiaki stake; sttnga to wound; stokkva to leap, 
 speed, drive out; ttngl wood-carving; tUngl moon; A. S. tungel con- 
 stellation; 'E.ng. stickle, tingle, tickle; O.H.G. stihhil goad; stahal, A.S. 
 
 staehel, stel steel; A. S. stincan to stink (tiktas); Ger. ersticken. R. 
 
 tokit to sharpen; io^iZo whetstone; t[v\ikat to thrust, strike, fix, plant; 
 
 stezhka sewing; Lith. tekinu to whet. Ir. ti[g]bre dimple; tiachair 
 
 keen, clever; W. tigom marks, moles; Bret, stok thrust; W. tig clear 
 weather, beautiful (te^as); Tec-med fair neck; Ir. su-thig pleasant. 
 
 Sk. same roots; sthag to envelop, cover; tank, iaw^tobend, curve; 
 tans to [wreathe], adorn; tank to bind, cover, load, compress; tank 
 to be [crushed, choked], wretched; tak to endure [pressure]; tank, tan^ 
 to squeeze, curdle; to [grip], shake; tvank to contract; tun^ to wrap, 
 robe; tuh to [wring, twist], vex, [to knead, soften, mash, wring out, 
 dye] (cf . duh to wring, vex, milk) ; [tohyam], toyam water; tuhinas mist, 
 dew, snow (cf. icdtYO?, p. 40); tusharas mist, rain, hoar-frost, snow; 
 
 tush to be repressed, silent, calm; tushnikas silent. Gk. Tdw, Tdil^a) 
 
 to grasp; teiaytov grasping; layy-fj dripping abscess; ta^Yds foul, rancid; 
 TdyiQvov, Tigyavov frying-pan; iiyy(ji to wet, rain, soak, soften, dye; 
 0T(41^(i) (ffrd^w) to drip, trickle; axaytiv drop; aT^yu to endure pressure, 
 contain, use self-control; cne-{av6<; water-proof, self-controlled; ffTuylo) 
 to be [crushed, wretched], loathe, abhor; oTUYvdi^w to be gloomy, lower; 
 Stu^ (Geog.) snow-water, cold; (Mythol.) ocean-stream of Hades, bonds 
 of death; strong as death ; oath, curse; in Hesiod silver pillar supporting 
 
 earth (ocean); constricting monster; deadly cold (tuhinas). Lat. 
 
 tango to grasp, touch ; tagaxeager ; tingo to dye (cf . dye =dough) ; exstinguo 
 to extinguish; stagnum dammed water, pond, tank (<jt^y<i)); molten 
 metal [wrung out, dripping]; dross, slack; tin; [tagveo, taveo], tdbeo 
 to melt, thaw; tab-erna drip-water, shed {urna, p. 193); Tahurnus 
 
 limestone ridge; taceo to endure, be self -controlled, silent {tak). 
 
 Goth, thagkyan (O. H. G. denchan) to grasp, examine, think silently; 
 thugkyan to seem [on examination]; thuhtus thought; thagks [hand- 
 clasp], thanks; //la/jo [molded] clay; thahan to be silent; O. N- thiggya 
 to grasp, receive; thtnga to bargain, counsel (hand-clasp); thokk 
 acceptance, pleasure, thanks; thUngi pressure, weight; thvengr thong; 
 thagna to be silent; A. S. thing a thing (grasped) ; thingan to be heavy; 
 thegu acceptance ; thegn mercenary officer, thane ; sticcian to be adhesive, 
 sticky; stinkan to stink; thavan to melt, thaw (guttural lost as in 
 taheo); 0. H. G. dauyan to melt, digest; thuncon, duncdn to dip, dye; 
 
 Ger. ersticken to choke, smother. R. tugoi pressed, compact; 
 
 tyagotit. to press down, load, burden; styagivat to squeeze; tuzhit 
 20 
 
— 306 — 
 
 to be vexed, grieved; teisnit, steisnit to press, oppress, choke; tushii 
 to extinguish (tush); tukhnut to spoil, rot; toshniy nauseating; tosMii 
 lean; tikhil repressed, calm, silent, peaceful, dull; tishina calm, silence; 
 tayat, stayat to thaw, melt; to%a swamp; tonkii sl&nder, fine-spun; Lith. 
 
 tylu silence. Ir. tachtaim to choke; tachtae narrow; tacha scarcity; 
 
 tiachair sick, weary; tongim to swear, bind by oath (2tu^) ; tocad fate 
 (•cuY/iivw, p. 303) ; tdaim to be silent (cf . tahed) ; tua, td silent ; W. tang-- 
 neued [oath], peace ; Tangwystel pledge of peace ; tynghed fate ; tau to be 
 silent, calm; Bret, stank compressed, crowded, thick; stankein to bar, 
 dam, staunch; stang palate of mouth; tanoad sense of taste; stag bond, 
 harness ; tagein to choke ; tagus choking, bitter ; tagn running sore, itch 
 (teigne); tonkadur fate; touiein to swear; tauein to be silent, calm; to 
 appease; O. C. Tunccetace (fortunate); Tangonae (nymphs); Tongius; 
 Tanco-rix. 
 
 Sk. [du to whirl, blaze, bum]; davas conflagration; dans, dang, 
 danh, dah {dhakshydmi, dahishyami, dagghum) to bum, flash, speak; 
 dhu, dhu to whirl, eddy, smoke ; [dhuns], dhus, dhug to irradiate (p. 280) ; 
 dhush to be in a heat ; dhusharas white ; dhuksh, dhiksh to flash, blaze, 
 live, [bum out], pine; dhish to ring out; diksh to sacrifice; dakshims 
 
 noonday, southern. Gk. [AaxvYj], Adyviq, (Saij^^vi]) blushing dawn (pink 
 
 laurel) ; chased by sun and caught at sunset, she appeals to new moon 
 and is saved; 66(j9X« torches waved by bacchanals; Ouaavo? whirling 
 tassels (of aegis, golden fleece); Guiaxo?, Ouxo? censer; Aaaio? June; 
 [SEfSo?], XJySoi; fire; Xiyviq smoke, soot; Bayu? wax-doll, melted in 
 
 magic rites. Lat. focus [altar-shaped] hearth; fuscus sunburned; 
 
 fuscina pitch-fork (hay- maker); [dignum], lignum fire-wood; fax 
 torch {dhakshydmi) ; fusus [whirling] spindle ; fustis [brandished] club. 
 
 Goth, [dagan to shine, dawn] (danh, [dhanh]; cf. forms assigned to 
 
 dah); dags day; A. S. dagian to dawn, gleam; dd[g] [bright-eyed] doe, 
 [glossy] daw; dvaes, dysig dazed, dazzled by excess of light; Eng. 
 
 dusk; O. N. Disir the fates; dys grave-mound (pyre). R. dukhota 
 
 heat; dukhi incense, perfume; dushit to perfume, choke; dukh, dusha, 
 
 Lith. dvaese spirit (v. p. 300). Ir. daig fire; daigerde fiery, 
 
 furious; doss poet; dusi hero; dess, tess southern; des-red, des-lem sun- 
 beam (wheel, hand of sun) ; descad leaven ; discir sudden, fierce, nimble 
 (of demon) ; Bret. <io5em to pulsate, throb; O.C Deuso, Deusus {glonovs); 
 Deusoniensis Heracles; Dusios genius of love; incubus; the deuce 
 (dhush) ; Dessobriga (southern) ; ed|t(i.ov southernwood (Dioscor. 3, 41 
 lucky, promoting birth, dpisro-XtSxeta) ; Com. dehou-les (Ir. luss herb). 
 
 Sk. dans, dang, danh to flash round, [brandish] ; daksh to be quick, 
 clever; to strike; dhakk to brandish, strike; dhvans, to fall, perish; 
 
— 307 — 
 
 dhva^, dhvan^ to brandish, wave ; dhvagds banner ; das to [whirl away, 
 
 toss away]. Gk. AaaiiXXto? Bacchus (frenzied). Lat. facinus 
 
 violent crime; inter -ficio to slay (p. 14) ; facio to make an effort, accom- 
 plish, do (pp. 46, 284). O. N. dilkr, 0. H. G. tuoh cloth, sail-cloth 
 
 (furled, flapping; dhva^as); O. N. diskr round board, trencher? 
 Eng. to toss ; Ger. tosen to rage, roar ; Dutch duiken ; 0. H. G. tUhhan to 
 
 dip, duck (dhvans). R. dvigat to v/hirl, stir, move round; Lith. 
 
 dazhyti to dip. Ir. ddsacht madness; O. C. Dassus, Dassuvius. 
 
 Sk. danv, du to go round ; dhanus [bent, snapping] bow ; dang to bite, 
 [grip]; dangitas protected, crowded, close; du, duh, dukh to wring, 
 
 twist out, tease, vex; dush to [twist], sin. Gk. 8ox[Ji.<5?, Bo'^iaio? 
 
 slanting, oblique (rush of wild-boar) ; SoxtJi(5otJi.«i to twist one's self, 
 whirl round; Saerii? [twisted], tangled, dense, shaggy; Saauvu to make 
 hair grow; to cloud; Siuo? thicket; Botaxioq, [Saaio?], Xdato? shaggy, bushy, 
 thicketed; "kayj^iq hairiness, wool; 'K&fyt^ fur, down, leafiness; Aeol. 
 Baii^vTi] laurel. Lat. densus tangled, thicketed, compressed; con- 
 dense to wind tight, pack, condense; dusmus, dumus thicket. Goth. 
 
 tagl [tangled] hair; A. S. taegl tail; tigean to tie; Eng. to tangle, tag; 
 
 A. S. taesan, O. H. G. zeisan to wring, twist, tease, touzle, tussle. R. 
 
 duga bow {duh). Ir. descad dregs; doss bush; dias spike of grain; 
 
 duis tall; 0. C. Dossonius, Disinius. 
 
 Sk. du, [duns, dunh], duh to twist, vex, distort; dush, dusk to sin, 
 corrupt, harm; dvish (dveshmi) to hate; dvit (oblique cases dvish) 
 hatred, foe ; dveshas hate ; dus-, dur- perverse, evil, bad, difficult; dur- 
 
 manas of hostile mind; duras [hurled] afar. Zd. dush- evil; dus- 
 
 mananh hostile. Gk. d-Suaaofjiat (dS-tiSusiaO to hate, be hostile 
 
 ((5 mutual, p. 207); Siipo[Aat, dSupojJiat to lament? (cf. [italw, misereor; but 
 see dhvri); Su?- hard, bad, unlucky; Sus-jjlsvy^? hostile; 'OSuoseiiq the 
 
 sun, following the oblique ecliptic; cf. Ao^fa?, p. 131. Lat. dis-cors 
 
 hostile; dis-crimen fight (melts with dis- apart, p. 297). O.N. tor- 
 
 boen hard to entreat; tor-ttma to destroy life; O. H. G. zur; M. H. G. 
 
 zer; Goth, tus-, tuz-; tuz-veryan to doubt. Ir. du-, do- evil; do-chor 
 
 harm; do-chruth ugly, shameful; Bret, [do-mant, di-mat], di-vat hostile. 
 
 Sk. dhu, dhu to whirl; du to twist, hurt; du to be whirled, confused, 
 troubled, pained ; dukh to hurt ; duh to vex; duh (duhami) to [wring out], 
 milk; dohas milk; dohanam a milking, milk-pail; dohadas [pressure of 
 milk in breast], pregnancy, longing; dogdhri milch-cow; duhitri 
 [milk-maid], daughter; dauhitras grandson, descendant ; dfea| to wave, 
 whiri. Zd. dugkdhar daughter. Gk. 6uy«TT)p daughter; Ssuxi^s 
 
— 308 — 
 
 sweet; SsOxo? sweetness [squeezed out; fresh must; ci.dulcis]; d-8euxl5; 
 [twisting, torturing], cruel, violent [death] (dt intens.); SoeOxo? fierce, 
 bold; Sauxo? carrot (wrenched from soil); Sa-SuaceaOat, Soti-SiSffaeaOai 
 to be wrenched, convulsed, dragged (Hesych.) ; SotSu^ pestle (whirl- 
 ing, crushing cf. manduco) ; IIoXu-Seuxy]!; the evening-star ([dragger], 
 
 leader of the host of stars). Lat. e-dilco (0. Lat. douco) to [wring 
 
 out], extract, derive, draw forth; duco to draw, lead; dUx leader; 
 
 [mand-duco], manduco to [grind], chew (p. 87). Goth, daiihtar 
 
 daughter; tiuhan, 0. H. G. ziohan to draw, tug; A. S. tyhtan to draw; 
 tyht tight; on-tyhtan to lead on, cheer, incite; teoh band, company; 
 toga leader; O. N. toga to draw; taug rope; teygya to draw, allure; Ger. 
 er-zeugen to [wring-out], beget; Ziege goat, 0. H. G. zehdm to wet, dye. 
 
 0. R. dushter (nom. dushti); Lith. dukfer (nom. dukte) daughter; 
 
 R. dok daughter; dozhd [milk of clouds], rain (cf . sumam, somas, p. 21 2) ; 
 
 Lith. dazhau to dye (press juice of berries) . Ir. du-dichim to induce, 
 
 deduce, spend life {ducere vitam) ; deoch draught, drink; Bret, dougein 
 to induce, incite; doug inclination, disposition; 0. C. Duccius, Ducc- 
 onius, Doci-rix; ducone, herb. 
 
 Sk. du, di to be whirled, confused; ddi to [rub round], wash; duh 
 to wring out, milk; dhu to whirl; dih {dehmi, p. p. dighdhas) to rub 
 round, smear, pollute; san-dighdhas polluted, choked; dizzy, doubtful 
 (p. 296); dehas body (molded, fashioned); dehl earth-work, dyke, 
 
 wall. Zd. dizto make an earth-work, heap, mound. Gk. %i-^^i.v(i 
 
 (6f]fsTv) to grasp, touch, seize, handle, fondle* [knead]; to touch, reach, 
 attack, hit, attain; OtyiJ^o:, Gc'^t? touching, touch, stain; Sswa moisture, 
 
 filth; Sy)y6(i) to fill (Hesych.). Lat. jingo to mold, knead, fashion, 
 
 twist; figulus potter; figura shape; figm^mum fancy; figo to set stake; 
 [per intens. + etfy], [pol-ding], pollingo to pollute; pol-linctor grave- 
 digger (dehi) ; [infigio], inficio to dye. Goth, deigan to mold; digans 
 
 pottery; daigs potter's clay, dough; ga-dikis shape; Goth., A. S. dugan 
 to be [well-knit], strong, capable, effective; A. S. dohtig, dyhtyg strong, 
 valiant, capable ; 0. N. dygdh virtue (good clay; good stuff; dehas body) 
 Goth, dauhts [batch, bread-baking], meal, feast; ga-dauka household; 
 Ger. Docht [twisted] wick; 0. N. deigr wet, soft; A. S. dah, dag 
 dough; hlaef-dige [loaf-kneader], lady; dedgan to dye; digan, dican 
 to dig, ditch, dyke ; dedgan to [bury], hide ; Eng. dug teat (touzled) ; 
 
 dog (worrying, touzling). R. degot birch-gum; Lith. dazhau to dye. 
 
 Ir. dingim (dedaig) to grip, force, control. 
 
 Sk. dhanus bow; dhanv to speed; dang to [shoot, pounce], speed, 
 flash, [grip], bite; daksh to [shoot, shoot up], grow, speed, aim, be 
 
— 309 — 
 
 accurate, be right, kill (p. 95); dakshas accurate, right-handed, seemly, 
 fit, right; dagas honor, esteem, reputation; daca condition in life, rank, 
 
 age; ddgas [grasper, taker], fisherman; tuh, duh to wring, twist. 
 
 Gk. lox\).6uito twist, bend (p. 307) ; ho%6<; [embracing], holding, contain- 
 ing; ^oxv-'fl palm, hand-breadth; 8ix°t^«'. SexoiJiat (8ISeY[i.aO to take 
 in the hand, accept, receive, greet, contain; (the same hand grips 
 firmly and hurls accurately; the roots blend) Soxi^ reception, entertain- 
 ment; Soxeldv receptacle; Sayii? ice (gripping; Hesych.) ; SoxtS? 
 spear-handle, beam, girder, truss; SoxivT] holder, prop; SixTuXos 
 finger, claw, toe; SExtuov net (gripper); S6}«(<.oq fitting, seemly, 
 well-tried; Soxt[ji,ii!^(i) to try, test, examine; Soxeiiu to [aim], watch 
 closely, observe, spy; Soxlo) to estimate, calculate, approve, think; 
 
 U^a good-repute, glory. Lat. decet it is becoming, seemly; decus 
 
 honor; [dicnus], dignus worthy; digitus (0. Lat. decetos) finger, toe; 
 Decitis; [ind-dago], inddgo to grope after, seek; a search; hunting net; 
 
 wall. K.^.tacan {O.N.taka) to grasp, receive, take (dawf, [dag], Safu?); 
 
 0. H. G. zuchon to snatch at, be eager, quiver, tuck; Ger. zechen to 
 carouse; Goth, tekan to touch; O. N. taeki tool; iae^r acceptable, fair; 
 
 tign dignity; tiggi king; tongr tongs; A. S. tdh, O. H. G zeha toe. R. 
 
 doka a man of good judgment, connoisseur; [dakon], zakon law; (cf. 
 
 zorkiy, drig). Ir. dag, deg good, esteemed; dech best; [dogif], ddit 
 
 hand; ddig, diig [grasping at], for the sake of; daingen&rm., strong; 
 Bret, dougein to carry, gain, win; to respect, seek for; Fr. donjon 
 stronghold, dungeon; O. C. Dugiava active, industrious; dugiontiio 
 work; Dugius; Daganus, Degontium, Decantae, Decetia, Daccius, 
 Daci. 
 
 Sk. dans, danh, dang to flash out, aim, [shoot]; dang to [pounce 
 grip], bite ; dangh, dagh, daksh, dag, das to shoot, kill ; daksh to be quick, 
 handy, strong; dakshas [a good shot], skilful, dextrous, right-handed, 
 right, good, [successful, lucky]; dakshinas right-handed, dextrous, 
 kind, gracious ; Dasras day-star (gracious) ; dag, das to hand, give ; dasas 
 
 servant; dakshinas the south (p. 305). Zd. dashina right-hand. 
 
 Gk. Se^id, Se^iTepd right-hand (cf. sinister, p. 15); Ss^ti? on the 
 right, right-handed, lucky, dextrous, gracious; Se^tiXa^oq javelin- 
 man (cf. 5o3(,6(;). ^Lat. dexter right-handed, dextrous, lucky; 
 
 dextra right-hand. Goth, taihsva, taihsvd= dexter; O. H. G. zesawd 
 
 dextra; zeso (gen. zeswes) on the right. O. R. desinu dexter; Lith. 
 
 deshine dextra; R. desnitza Tight-hand, right-arm; desheviy cheap, a 
 
 bargain, [lucky]. Ir. dess to the right; south; [dess-fillim], dessel 
 
 turned to the right; W., Bret, deheutothe right, south; O. C. Dessios, 
 Dessica, Dexiva, Dexonius; U^i\i.ov lucky, southernwood (p. 306). 
 
— 310 — 
 
 Sk. day, dhydi to glance round, observe, aim, reflect; ava-dhydi to 
 hurl away ; dyu to flash, shoot ; dank, dang, dag, das, daksh, to flash out, 
 speak, aim; to shoot, kill, be skilful; das to [he castaway], diminished; 
 tas to throw; to wane; dasyus marauder, thief; [dyag], dig {digdmi, 
 deshtasmi) to aim, point, show, direct, command, teach, name, 
 [toss round, be generous], give (cf. day p. 292); a-dig to aim, teach, 
 give in marriage, shoot beyond, surpass, [send voice after], recall, 
 hurl back; digas, aim, direction, point of compass; dishtis luck; 
 
 dishtam fate ; diksh to [take auguries], sacrifice. Zd. dahksh to teach 
 
 [to shoot] ; didanhe I am instructed ; danhista wisest. Gk. Sixetv to 
 
 throw, cast, strike; Si'axo? quoit; SfxTUOv [casting] net; Si'xiQats 
 [pursuing dart], vengeance; Bixiq vengeance, justice; Stxaio? [avenger 
 of blood], just, lawful, right (cf. jus); Be!xvu[Jit to point out, show; 
 SeT^ig evidence, proof; SeTyiAa example, sample; St-Bdrau to teach. 
 
 Lat. in-dico to point out; indicium irdorraaXion', /M-Jg* [teaching 
 
 law], judge; dico to name, speak; [do-dico], de-dico to dedicate; pro- 
 digium [pointing beforehand], omen, miracle; pro-digus [hurling away], 
 wasting; con-dicio agreement, bargain (word meeting word; melts 
 with con-ditio establishing together) ; doceo to teach {dang, dag); disco 
 (di-dici) to [aim, practice], learn; discipulus, pupil {capio, taking 
 
 instruction, cf. mus-cipula). Goth, teihan, ga-teihan to announce, 
 
 tell, speak; taiknyan to point out, show; taikns token, proof, prodigy; 
 A. S. taecan, teohian to show, teach; tikan to accuse; O. H. G zeig6n 
 to point out, show; Ger. zeichnen to make evident, delineate, draw; 
 
 ver-zeihen to [accept atonement], pardon (Scxy)). R. diK, dikina 
 
 [shot-meat], game, venison; dikat to be wild. Ir. do-decha to de- 
 clare; descaid token; desim-recht example; dixnigur to be conspicuous, 
 appear; dixa lofty, noble; Dechtire {digas, dishtis) mother of Cuchullin 
 the sun by Lug (p. 132); a Celtic Alcmena; Cuchullin is first named 
 Sei[5]aMto (path seeker); then Cm Culad hound of KlcpaXoi;, Hermes, light. 
 
 Sk. dangas [tight grip], coat of mail; daksh to grasp, [clasp hands], 
 be dexitrous; dagan [clasped hands, ten fingers], ten; dagamas tenth. 
 
 Zd. dagan. Gk. Sexa; S^xato?; ^sf.&<; (-aSo?) a decad. ^Lat. 
 
 decern; decimus; dec-Uria (cf. centuria p. 192); deci-mdnus (p. 80). 
 
 Goth, taihun ten; taihunda tenth; tigus decad {ng = nh); tva^n]-- 
 
 tigyus twenty; taihun-tehund a hundred; 0. H. G. zehan ten. 0. R. 
 
 desenti; Lith. deshimtis ten; R. desyatina tithe. Ir. die; dech-mad 
 
 tenth (p. 81); W. deg; [deg-tned], degfed; Bret, dek; dekved; 0. C. 
 Decomo ; Dectunines ; Decu-mates the tithed lands {mat hand, measure) . 
 
 Sk. same roots; [dag-sru squeezed flow]. Gk. Sixpu, Biixpuov 
 
 tear; Saxpuw to weep; Bdxap gum. 0. Lat. dacruma, La.t.lacmtna 
 
— 311 — 
 
 tear; lacrumo to weep. A. S. taeher, O. H. G. zdhar; Goth, tagr tear. 
 
 Ir. [deer], der, O. W. dacr tear; Bret, dakr, dazrou, dazlou, dareu, 
 
 dor tear; darein to weep. 
 
 Sk. dans, dang to flash at, shoot, [pounce]; daksh, dag, das to harm, 
 kill; dans, dang (dagdmi) to bite; sam-dang to gnash, compress lips, 
 press together, grip, crush, bind; dangman bite; dangas bite; wasp; 
 
 C02X ot raail; danshtr as tns^; danshtrin hoax; daganas tooth. Gk. 
 
 Sdxvw (SiQ^Oixat) to bite, bite one's lips, sting, be pungent; Saxydi^otAai 
 to be sad; li\wt\c, biter; SYiY[i.a bite, sting; Sctxoi; wild beast; ilaJcfi^M, 
 (JSi^oiAa; to feel stinging pain, be flea-bitten, mangy, itchy {sva); 
 
 d-Sax^u to scratch; la.%a.<s^6<; itching. Goth, tahyan to tear, rend; 
 
 0. H. G. z&hi, A. S. tdh tough ; A. S. \tuhs'\, tux, tusc boar's tusk; Eng. tang 
 prong. 0. R. desna gum of mouth. 
 
 Sk. sthd to stand ; caus. sthapaydmi to set, cause to stand, make firm ; 
 [to set stake, thrust, use pestle, whirl; to make solid mound, to round 
 out]; stabh, stambh, stubh, stumhh to fix, make motionless, hem in, 
 stop, harden, bind, stupefy, prop, thrust against, resist; sam-stabh to 
 hurl; stam to whirl, confuse; tamb to go [round], revolve; tumulas 
 whirling, tumultuous; stambhas stake, prop, pillar, [pestle], stiffness, 
 lameness; stabdhas stiff, motionless; stubh to be motionless, firm; 
 stup to pile up; stupas, stambas heap, clump, bush, stake, stupidity; 
 stu, stom, stubh, to [round up, swell, inflate], magnify, praise; stam to 
 [use pestle], be whirled, confused ; stibhis cluster of grapes (crushable) ; 
 
 slip to drip; stim to be wet; stibhis ocean. Gk. (jTel^w to stamp, 
 
 trample, tread, walk; cttIjjiPw, &-ti\i.^bi to [use pestle], whirl, shake, 
 batter, abuse ; oto^Iw to abuse, revile (cf . (yz6\j.oi p. 287) ; oTotpdi^o) to pile, 
 heap, pack; cToi^ij pack, heap, padding, dense bush; (rcl[ji(puXov olive 
 or grape pomace; cTayt?, i-axatfiq (d euphon.) raisins (juiceless, 
 pressed); cTatpuX'ij bunch of grapes (squashable, cf. uva); [pendent] 
 plummet, plumb-line; c-rdsjivoi; wine-jar (brimming); [a]-zix\».laq storer, 
 cellarer of wine and oil, steward (cf. condus from condo, p. 284); 
 OTigapds firm on legs, sturdy, stout; <m^<ii; [trampled] litter for ani- 
 mals; lair; bed; (rzi^dXfii to make bed, tramp, follow track; (Fzl^oq 
 footstep, path; [c]'ci^i5v tripod (firm-foot); (rci^ir) [hardening] frost; 
 uTtipoq compact array; column, mass of men; aTn:T(5s tough, enduring; 
 cTTuxxeiov packing, tow; oxuipa) to harden, contract, be astringent; 
 OTUfeXdq hard, rough, puckering; oxtippd? dense, solid, stubborn; 
 atijxos stump, block; cruipeXJl^d) to smite with [pestle], spear; to thrust, 
 dispel, scatter; [(i]TuyX(5(; [whirled, confused], blind; crclfu, (rcepavdw to 
 
— 312 — 
 
 whirl round, encircle, garland, brim (stam); crclepavo?, wreath; <rrl[i[j.a 
 garland, wreathed stafE, fillet ; (s-csxf&vq brim, edge ; [ff]6dstJi.poi; dizziness, 
 confusion, amazement; b&\^vo<; [whorl], bush, shrub (cf. rubus); [aJOajicJ 
 [oft recurring], often; 6aii.ee? crowded, dense, frequent ;eaiJ.{l^u to frequent; 
 %(x]j.va [trodden] pomace, wine-dregs; [o]t(49o<; [strewing rushes, making 
 bed], laying to rest, burial; resting place, grave, tomb; GaxTW (ItctfYjv) 
 to bury (influenced by ni-dhapaye caus. of dhd, to lay down, bury); 
 Ta9iot people of the dead; sunset land; T(^ippo(; ditch, pit; Tu^tpoi; 
 
 mound, tomb (stambas heap; stumbh to honor). Lat. stipo to 
 
 hammer down, pack, harden, [encircle]; stipa, stupa tow; stipdtor 
 guardsman (propping, encircling); stips [bargain-binder], earnest, 
 coin; stipulari to bargain; stapia stirrup; stipula chaff, broken straw 
 (trampled; whirling) ; stupeo to be dull, heavy; confused; stipes stump; 
 
 tumulus mound. O. H. G. stamph pestle ; stamphSn to pound, stamp, 
 
 trample; staph step; stiupan to pulverize, whirl; stam tree-trunk; 
 stift prop; stifuUn to prop; A. S. staep step; stedp steep (cf. steigel, 
 steiT); stybb, stapol tree-trunk; sttf stiff; stefn bow of ship; staf staff; 
 O. N. sieypa to wrap round; hurl down; stefna to advance; A. S. 
 stApian to stoop forward; Goth, stamms [whirling, confused], stam- 
 mering; stabs [mound], foundation, element, stufE; stoma substance, 
 origin, cause ; O.H.G. un-gi-stuomi restless; Ger. Buchstab —elementum, 
 letter; Goth, faur-dammyan, A. S. demman to fence, [enclose], dam 
 
 (9a[ji.le<;) . Lith. stebas pillar; stebius to be amazed; R. stebel stalk; 
 
 stopa sole of foot, pestle; stupa mortar; stupat to step, walk; toptat 
 to trample; topat to kick; tabun drove of horses (tamb); tupoi blunt, 
 
 dull, stupid. Ir. tamon tree-trunk; tdmaim to rest, repose; tdm 
 
 repose; stab chained cup at a spring; Bret, tarn stout, sturdy; in-tanv 
 [stump], widower; stefein to plug, calk; O.C. Rato-stabios road-station; 
 Stabatio; Stampae; Stambon. 
 
 Sk. tu to swell (p. 287) ; stu, stubh, stom to [heap up, inflate breast, 
 utter], magnify, praise, [be puffed out, hollow]; pra-stu to relate, 
 
 announce; stomas hymn. Zd. gtaman mouth. Gk. <yzi^<x mouth, 
 
 voice, face; CTTd^jiaxo? maw, gullet; crwiJiuXXa) to talk, chatter; 0x6(1.901;, 
 cTo^o? bombast, bragging, violent talk; otoijiou to gag; (jt6[jhov cave. 
 
 Lat. [s^tuba trumpet; tibia pipe. Goth, stibna, O. H. G. stimm, 
 
 A. S. stefn voice, outcry; Ger. stumm gagged, dumb; A. S. tMma 
 thumb (gag; child's thumb in mouth); Cheruscan Thumelicus, 
 
 Daumelchen, Hop-o'-my-thumb. Ir. tibim to laugh; [co-aith-- 
 
 tibiud], cuitbiud mockery; W. tauaut, tafod tongue (stu); Bret, teaui, 
 tead, 0. C. tebato tongue; Tubantes, Tebavii shouters; Tou-geni (gen 
 mouth) . 
 
— 313 — 
 
 Sk. same roots; stu, stom, stubh to pufiE up, magnify, inflate, praise; 
 dhmd to blow the fire; dhamas blowing; stup to pile, set up; [sthamb, 
 dhamb], dap, damp, damb, dambh, dip, dimp, dimbh, dumbh to heap, 
 roll together, [knead, touzle, cnrry]; dimbas ball, egg, embryo; dimbhas 
 whelp (cuddled; rounded in womb); [stambh to use pestle]; stam 
 (stamdmi, stamaydmi to whirl, revolve; vi-damb to [knead, round, 
 fingere], imitate; dambh to [whirl, swindle], deceive; dambhas deception; 
 pride (rounded, swelled up) ; dambh, damb, dimb, dip, tip to whirl, 
 hurl, hurt, scorn; tamb to revolve; tumb to hurl; tumbas gourd; tap to 
 
 [whirl], blaze ; tam, tim, tip to melt, be wet. Gk. Slfw, SsiJim to knead, 
 
 shape, soften, curry; hi<^(x curried hide; Si<pvY] laurel [anointed leaf, 
 cf. iJiuptoi;, p. 99; melts with [A^xviq] 321; with SauxvY] 322]; ISa^o? 
 (pref. sa) hut-mound, floor, [hardened earth, cement]; Stipdiw to [roam, 
 hunt], seek; [Sofoq], i^dqjo?; [Sovcpo?], Sviipot; [circling, bewildering] 
 darkness; Zsipupoi; west wind (whirling, cloud-heaping); xs^pa [whirl- 
 ing] ashes (cf . dhUlis, uxiSo?, cinis) ; 9i§p(!<; roasted in ashes, delicate 
 {dhUp to smoke, steam) ; Ou^jL^pa; [cj]tu96(i) to puff up, wrap in cloud; 
 tOipoi; vapor, vanity; tuipw to smoke, smolder, brood; Tucpusi? giant 
 under Aetna; Tu^wv whirlwind, conflagration; -cuiptiSTf]? smoldering 
 fever; tiipo?, SiiifjupaXo? brooding, miasmatic swamp; ttipu? choking 
 nightmare; [xaTa-trjqJiQs], v.mrj(friq gloomy, dark, brooding, sad (cf. 
 xaosiiw); TsiifY] sulphur; Tfff) spelt (whorl of awns; tip); tffuov spike- 
 lavender; Ttipu? pilot of Argo (pole-star, centre of revolving heaven); 
 
 6(i((ji,^o? [whirling], amazement. Lat. depso to knead; damnum 
 
 [hurling down], ruin; stuprum [tousling, stewing], licentiousness. 
 
 Goth, daupyan to whirl down, dip [sthub, dhub]; diups deep (BaxTO), 
 Toiipo?); Low Ger. dobbe, dobel lowland, swamp; O. N. dopr, daufr 
 [whirling, dizzy], fierce, confused, gloomy, deaf; deyfr to deafen, 
 stupefy, lame; Dofri a giant; dimmr dim; tofr an enchanted ball 
 (dip); steypa to whirl, wrap, hurl down; steypir precipice; styfla to 
 [wrap], stifle, stive; Ger. Stiefel leg-wrap, boot; O. N. [s]tdft, tomt 
 enclosure, house-yard; tdm delay, indolence (coiled up; dumbh); 
 A. S. stofe, 0. N. stofa, O. H. G. stuba, stupa sweat-hut; warm bath, 
 warmed room, stove; Lomb. stufare to stew; A. S. topp, Ger. Zopf 
 topknot, twisted hair (Seipw) ; A. S. tumbian, O. H. G. tUmilon to fall 
 headlong; Ger. toben to whirl; Staub dust; O. H. G. tobel [bewildering] 
 
 forest. O.R. dibri gulf, chasm; Lith. dubus hollow, deep; dube pit; 
 
 dumblas sediment, river mud; Lett, dibli mud; dibens, dubens bottom, 
 ground; R. d[v]ibi prancing round; d[v]ibom with touzled hair; dubit 
 to curry, tan; debr forest (bewildering); po-dobie likeness, resemblance 
 
 (damb to imitate). O. C. dubno [deep, circling, sunset], west, worid's 
 
 end, world; Dubno-rix, Dumnorix king of the world; Dumnonii, Dam- 
 
— 314 — 
 
 tionii westerners (Devon and Cornwall); Dumno-tonus even to the 
 sunset; point at mouth of Gironde; Dumna isle of Lewis; Dubno- 
 vellaunus lord of the world (p. 193); W. Dyfnwal, Ir. Domnall, 
 Donnell, Donald; Ir. Eirros-Domno sunset-point, p. ig8;[Aedh-domnan], 
 Adamnan (p. 12); Ir. domain, fu-domain deep; fu-domnu deeper; 
 domun world; W. dwfn. Corn., Bret, doun deep; Bret, donnein to 
 deepen, dig, sink. 
 
 Sk. stam to revolve, whirl; tamh to move [round]; tumh to [twist], 
 torment, [whirl], vanish; tamdlas [whirling] sword; tumulas whirling, 
 riotous, tumultuous; tomaras war-club; tdmaram [eddying] water; 
 tdmarasam [rounding] lotus ; tdmras copper (ductile) ; tdmb-ulas betel 
 [vine]; tamas [circling, bewildering], dark; tamasas swarthy; tamisram 
 
 darkness (cf . dhdv to whirl ; dhvanta darkness) . Zd. temanh darkness; 
 
 temahha dark. Gk. TdiAtCTO? rennet (curdling, lumping); T(5(j.apo;, 
 
 Tixdpog, TuiAw^oq, TiiuXoi; [swelling, rounded] mountains. Lat. 
 
 tumultus tumult; temp-estas gathering storm {aestiio); temulentus 
 giddy, drunk; tmetum strong drink (cf. T[jidpo(;) ; temere whirling, 
 dashing, at random; temeritas; temero to assault, profane; con-tamino 
 to splash, defile; con-temno to scorn; [temnebrae], tenebrae darkness; 
 timeo to fear [the dark] (cf. Ir); [temelum], templum [circle], augur's 
 meridian line; enclosure; temple (cf. R.); tempus {temporis =tamsaras) 
 circling time; extemplo immediately; tempora temples of head; con- 
 
 templor to roll the eyes, glance round. O. Sax. thim gloomy, dim; 
 
 O. H. G. demur twilight, Ddmmerung. ^Lith. tamsa darkness; 
 
 tamsus dark; O. R. tima darkness; R. temneit, stemneit to grow dark; 
 tuman fog; tumba limit, boundary ([tamva], templum); temya crown 
 
 of head. Ir. teim, deim dark; temel darkness, eclipse; teme death; 
 
 temen dark gray; tiamda dark, timid; [temara], temair round hill, 
 watch-post (full horizon); Cor. [timul-gou], tivul-gou darkness; Bret, 
 tihoil, tioel dark; temallein to blame, scold, grumble (tumulas); 0. C. ' 
 Tamaros {tdmaram; Tamar in Devon); Tamaris (Tambre in Spain); 
 Themera (Demer in Belgium) ; Tamaros (Tamaro in Samnium) ; 
 Tam-esis circling, tidal water (uisce); Tamina dark gorge of upper 
 Rhine. 
 
 Sk. stambh, stam, iamb to [bray in mortar], revolve, whirl; tumb 
 to whirl, vex; tap to whirl, blaze, bum; to vex, torment, grieve; 
 tapas, tdpas heat, summer, self-torture, asceticism; tdpasas ascetic, 
 devotee; tam (tdmydmi) to melt away; be vexed, grieved; tdnmram 
 water; stibhis bunch of grapes (squeezed out, p. 281); stibhis ocean; 
 tip, stip to drip, drop; tim, tim, stim, stlm to be wet; timitas wet; 
 
— 315 — 
 
 Htnis fabulous fish, [cloud]; temas moisture, steam. Old Pers. 
 
 tafedhra melting; tafnu heat. Gk. ':a%£iy6<; humble, sad-minded, 
 
 ascetic; t(i%t]<;, -zAtk;, Mnq rug, wrap, sweater; (jt£(i.[jii, atf^tov eye- 
 paint (melting, languishing); tifo? swamp (p. 313). Lat. tepeo 
 
 to be warm, moist; tepidus; tabeo to melt, thaw (p. 305); tabes con- 
 sumption, pestilence; tempera to add hot water, temper draught; 
 to sweat hot iron, temper; temperare sibi to control one's self, be 
 
 ascetic; abs-temius ascetic, temperate. A. S. stofe sweat-hut, hot 
 
 bath (p. 313); thefyan to boil; thafyan to submit, endure (sweat-bath, 
 medicine-lodge); stedm steam; [s]tedmian to brood, teem; 0. N. stofna 
 to stew, cook; O. H. G. <iaw/ steam; M. H. G. dimpfen to smoke, steam; 
 
 0. N. dampi vapor, fog, smoke. 0. R. toplu warm; R. tepliy 
 
 warm, moist; teplitza hot-house; step southern prairie, steppe (vernal, 
 warm) ; topit to warm, dip, drown; tomitsya to languish, suffer; tomlenie 
 
 languor, anguish. Ir. topor, tipra spring, fountain, well (Tipper-ary) ; 
 
 teprennim to flow; tepresiu dripping; tiprum beer-jug; t^p]e, te[p]ss 
 boiling, hot, passionate, luxurious; tdm wasting pestilence; taimne 
 torpor; taimthiu pining, death-bed; Bret, tapen a drop; te[p]ein to 
 melt; tSadur melting; ioupek cloudy, gloomy; tuemmeim to be hot, 
 to heat; [tumek], tufek sultry; O. C. Tipurinius; Teponia; Tem-usio 
 nymph (bubbling spring); Tim-avus (hot springs; Plin. N. H. 2, 151). 
 
 Sk. stambh, stumbh to set stake, thrust, drive out; [stambh to use 
 mortar, stamp, grind, whirl]; stam to revolve; tumb to whirl, vex; 
 tip, dip, dimb to whirl, shoot, wound; tup, tump {tupami, topdmi), 
 tuph, tumph, tubh to thrust, strike, hurl, wound; tomaras war-club; 
 
 tumb to vex, twist [off]. Gk. "njuTU to strike, pound; tutciq, •i;u(ji.ij.a 
 
 stroke, wound; Tiiicoq stroke, dent, mark, sign, image; -ruxavov, 
 TiJii.'icavov club, kettle-drum; xMxiq hammer; oTuxdl^u to strike, beat, 
 thunder; d-TliA^u {tumb) to maltreat, bereave, cheat, blame {& intens.); 
 •cliivu to chop, cleave, cut; xep-Toiiew to cut the heart, revile; Ti\t.%ea, 
 Te[jLXT) cleft in mountains, gorge, valley; toixeiS? knife; to\».6<; sharp, 
 keen; io\).i, TuijiJia section, portion; -11x1570) to cut; ■zi\i.axoq slice; teTn,sv 
 
 he hit upon, found; ■z6%o<; place. Lat. temno, contemno to scorn; 
 
 contumelia; tab-anus [goad-behind], gad-fly; temv chariot-pole (thrust- 
 ing)? O.H.G. stumbaldn to pound; stumpf maimed, stubbed; Eng. 
 
 to stab, stub, stumble, thump. O. R. tanpu blunt; tepan I strike; 
 
 tuputu sound, din; R. tupoi blunt, stupid; topor axe; tumak tap, stroke, 
 
 knock. Ir. tepor vengeance; Bret, tapein to strike; toupen flock, 
 
 fleece {tumb); tam slice, piece, bit; O. C. Tapponius, Tappius. 
 
 Sk. sthd, sthal to stand; [forms sthal, dhal, dhval, dal, dul, tal. 
 
— 316 — 
 
 ival, tul in the senses: cause to stand, set, put, place, put hammer, 
 toss to place, send, hurl, shoot far, hurl round, strew, make bed, spread 
 round, whirl up, roll up, rise, lift, poise, weigh, support weight, endure, 
 suffer]; sthalam, sthali place, ground, hut-mound, site, tent, earth; 
 tal to place, found, put, [lay in another's hand]; talas foundation, 
 ground, sole of foot, palm of hand, surface of earth; nabhas-talam 
 cloud-space, atmosphere, Lufiraum; tdlu palate of mouth (curved, 
 vaulted; cf. palatum p. 70); tal, pal to be tossed, whirled, dizzied, 
 terrified; dval to stir, mix; caus. talpas [strewed rushes], bed; tulam 
 cotton (rounding boll) ; mulberry tree ; tul (tulayami, tolayami) to 
 whirl up, lift, poise, weigh; tula scale of balance; likeness; pound; 
 tulyas equal; tolanam lifting, weighing; dul to lift, swing, toss, play 
 dice; dold swing, hammock, fluctuation; dhuUs whirling dust (p. 299); 
 til, till to move [round, whirl]; sthUl to found, swell; sihUlas round, 
 
 swollen, turgid. Gk. ittyjXJi; [set] stake; otuXJ? mast; ati^XiQ, tyi&Xka, 
 
 pedestal, block of stone, buttress, pillar; siuXo? stake, pale, column; 
 airdtXi^ stake, prop; cteXexo; stock, root, trunk; OTsXedv, CTeiXsidv 
 axe-handle (whirler); ffrsXXo) to set, place, send, undertake; to wrap; 
 fold, contract, furl, shrink; airdXo?, airoXi] expedition, march, army, 
 fleet; oToXf? sail; otoXt^ [wrapped] robe, equipment; (rrsXiAovfa belt; 
 (jToXo? lump, prow; tuXo? boss, hump; tuXiq hump, bolster; tuXIttw 
 to wrap, twist, bend; TYjXta a round board, table, sieve; TaXapoc round 
 basket; TaXaasioq (adj.) spinning-work; tsXXJ? [round], whole, 
 complete (Hesych.); TeXXo? complete, perfect; tsXsw to [bring to its 
 place, to round], complete, perfect, effect; to [toss round], put in 
 circulation, spend; teXXw to bring to pass, create, effect, become; 
 IvceXXo) to assign work, duty; teXo? completion, fulfilment, end, 
 death; duty, quota, tax; TsXetiQ perfection, accomplishment {vat 
 to circle); TeXeuTaw to complete, die; teXaov circumference, frontier; 
 T^Xe [long-shot], afar (cf. dUras) ; TiQXe-(paaa« far-shining moon; [TyjX^- 
 (pao?], Tv^XEfo? evening-star, child of Hercules (nursed by doe as 
 Dionysus is wrapped in fawn-skin [p. 294]; he is born again in the 
 east); Tr[ki-yow; far-born; evening-star (p. 172); Tt)XI-iji,«xo? far- 
 darting day-star; TY)X£-§oat far-cattle of setting sun; clouds brought 
 back by Indra and Hercules after summer drought {somas, sumam 
 p. 212; dozhd p. 308) ; (iva-TEXXw to shoot up, spring up (of com, water, 
 sun, moon); dvaxoXii^ day-spring, east; [-caXdu], -rXaw, tXt)(xi to [whirl 
 up], lift up, bear, endure, [poise, weigh, hurl], venture; dTXiw to suffer, 
 endure {sa-); [av(i] ivcXew to draw water; tdXavTov scale, weight, 
 a man's load (60 pounds); d-TdXavToq of equal weight; in counter- 
 poise (aa synth.) ; 'ATocXdvxY) full-orbed moon in east, counterpoising 
 setting sun; she races with the sun, but stops to pick up golden-apple 
 
— 317 — 
 
 (day-star) and he wins her; a huntress, like Artemis, she joins Meleager 
 in his contest with winter; as sun he prefers her to his uncles (day and 
 evening stars) and loses his life; "At^oci; ("ATXavioq) sun, counterpoise 
 of full moon, setting in crimson like Hercules; he is crushed between 
 heaven and earth, but controls the star-fruit of the Hesperides {Cu- 
 chullin, sun-god of Ireland, rolls golden apple across sky) ; the dragon 
 of the Hesperides is the circling ocean; the abyss of darkness; [TaX- 
 TaXoq], TivTaXo? setting sun; consumed by heat; cannot reach ocean- 
 stream beneath him nor star-fruit above him; TdXa?, •zaXiz6q, tXt)(j.(ov 
 heavy-laden, distressed, wretched; isXa(j.(iv supporter, shield-strap; 
 colossal male figure employed for column like caryatides; [taXa-fptvos], 
 TaXaiptvo? shield-bearing, tough-hided (p. 191); toXjjKia) to [poise, 
 
 shoot], dare. Lat. tollo to whirl up, lift {tuli, sus-tuli, [tlatus], 
 
 lotus, sub-latus); tolleno well-sweep; stlataria ship of burden, canal- 
 boat; tolero to support, endure; Tullus, Tullius swelling, mighty 
 (tolanam, tulam) ; stolo stump (sthulas) ; stolidus, stultus heavy, stupid; 
 ielum javelin (hurled afar) ; stellio [nimble] lizard [popping round 
 stump], spy, informer; [sa-stelles], satelles henchman; talpa mole 
 (hibernating; talpas); stlis, lis (stellen, bestellen) [appointment, ren- 
 dezvous], court-day, law-case; [s{\latus spread out, broad (sthalam); 
 Stdatie, Latium the plain; stlocus, locus place; talus heel, sole (talas); 
 tellus earth (circular disk); tali jackstones, dice {pal, dul); Dellius. 
 
 Goth, thulan, O. N. thola, O. H. G. dolem, dultu to thole, support, 
 
 endure; O. N. thel frost (hardening, fixing); thylya to [toss, flash 
 round], speak, be eloquent, poetical {tvaV) ; thollr, tholl, thellr fir (Sprotz- 
 baum, even-growth, rounding; tulam); ihella tree; thil, thilya round 
 board, platter, board (Tr)X£«); A. S. thele, Dutch deele board; Ger. 
 Teller round trencher; A. S. ihile [sprout], pole, thill; O. H. G. stellan, 
 A. S. staelan to send to a place, appoint, give warning; O. H. G. stU 
 handle (axeXsdv); stal place, stall; stuol chair, stool; A. S. staelc high, 
 steep, a stalk (oT^Xexo?) ; staelcan to walk proudly, softly, stalk; O. N. 
 
 Thule, Thyle — circvLTaietetice, world's end. R. stlat to spread out, 
 
 round out, cover, place, make bed, lay floor; po-stilat to put, place, 
 spread; po-stel bed; stalkivat, tolkat to [send], speed, hurl {tark to aim) ; 
 tolkovat to [be messenger], explain, interpret, argue (borrowed by 
 0. N. tulka to interpret; Low Ger. talken to speak like a foreigner, 
 talk); R. teleiga [driven] chariot, car; stelka insole of shoe (tolas); 
 stol [round] table; stol, stolko like, as, as much {tulyas); tulya crown 
 of hat, cheese-mold; t[v\il buttock, back; teilo, iulovisMe trunk of 
 body; tolstii round, fat; stoW pillar; tololi to bray, grind; 0. R. tulu 
 [round, full] quiver; Lith. stelluti, stellvyu to place, appoint; 
 telyM heel. Ir. tailce strength; stale obstinacy; tall in that place. 
 
— 318 — 
 
 yonder; tallaim to take one's place, find room, be fitting, suitable; 
 tallaim to [swing axe, scythe], cut off, lop, sweep away, rob; iellaim 
 to steal; iedl thief; tdl axe (aTsXeov); tailm a sling; ialmaide suddenly 
 [swinging]; tul quick, sudden; tollaim to [whirl], bore, hollow; tul 
 round, boss, knob, forehead (tuXo?) ; tul-chube pail; ful naked {t[v}i]); 
 stiall girdle; tlacht apparel; talam [round] world {fellus); Bret, tal 
 forehead, front; toulein to bore, hollow, explore; taladur auger; taulein 
 to whirl, hurl, dash out, be radiant; taul blow of fist, shoot of tree 
 (thoU), swarm, whirlwind; talm sling; tailhein to cut; tell slice; taut 
 table; talpein to [coil up], die (of animal); tolpein to heap, collect; 
 tolp a troop; O. C. Tullus round hill, mound; Tol-osa high mound {oss 
 high); [Tul-lingi], Tulingi hill-hoppers, mountaineers; Tal-assus high- 
 browed; Tal-iesin flashing brow; Tal-org wrathful brow; Talavus; 
 Tala-bara (barr head, peak) ; [Tolpiacum], Tolbidcum. 
 
 Sk. same roots tal, tval to be whirled, confused; til, till to move 
 round; tul to whirl up; til {tilami, telayami) to be [bespUlt, wet], oily; 
 tilas sesame (round seed, drop, oily); tdilam sesame oil; tilas, tilakas 
 
 oil-spot, stain, paint, caste-mark. Gk. tj-ceXf? [bird-lime], mistletoe; 
 
 TsXnci;, TeXfia slime, mud, mortar, swamp; xiXo? diarrhoea; [(jtiX/u], 
 cTiX^w to glitter; aTtXxvi? glittering; ctcXy) a drop, moment, little; 
 
 TtXiQ a flock, mote ; t£XXw to pluck, shred, twitch ; TfX[i.a shreds, lint. 
 
 Lat. stillo to drop; stilla a drop; titillo to pluck, scratch; tilialmdfD. 
 
 (pluck-bark, bast). Goth, stilan to [pluck], steal; O. N. [s\taela to 
 
 cheat; A. S. stillan to smooth, calm. Ir. tellaim to steal? Bret. 
 
 teil manure; telen harp (plucked) ; tilh hemp, bast, linden; O.C. tillum 
 poison; Tillius glittering? Tilia, Tilurius rivers. 
 
 Sk. stha to stand; stu {stdumi, stuve) to swell, magnify, praise ;styai 
 to swell, heap, sound; stdi to wrap, robe; sthdvaras, sthaviras stable, 
 firm; old; a mountain; sthdiryam firmness, stability; sthiras hard, firm; 
 slhuras, sthulas round, turgid, firm; sthulam heap; tree-trunk; sthuras 
 bull (strong, draft-animal) ; stari strength ; barren cow (draft, not 
 milch); [s]tdrd star (fixed; sure guide); tiv to swell, grow (p. 287); 
 timas [thunder-cloud] flashing, dark, violent, fierce; turv, thurv to be 
 
 violent, kill. Zd. gtavra strong; gtaora draft-animal; (tare [fixed] 
 
 star. Gk. (rcocupo? stake, pillar, cross; arupa^ spiked butt of spear; 
 
 OTopiivK] lancet; crnqpfl^o) to set firmly, establish; a-ri^piYiJ^a prop, founda- 
 tion; (jTspsdi;, OTEppo? firm, hard, solid, frozen; decrrigp sealing clay; a star 
 ((ieuphon.); uireptipo? hard, barren; orstpo? sterile, childless; oTsplw to 
 bereave, deprive, rob; mlpvov chest (contrasted with soft abdomen); 
 cTEtpa keel of ship; [o-]'CT)pl<i) to guard firmly; TEtpos, x^pa? constella- 
 
— 319 — 
 
 tion, sure omen; TaOpo? bull; (npirivY^? hard, rough, harsh; [aTt/pt?], 
 Tijpfft?, Tuppis tower; Tupavvo? absolute sovereign; tupd? cheese 
 
 (hardened milk; melts with p. 287). Lat. stiva stake, handle; 
 
 in'stauro to found; re-stauro to prop up, restore; ob-turo to stop up, 
 cork, gag; [tursis], turris tower; Turseni, Turreni Etruscans (mighty; 
 Tarshish) ; [tersa], terra the earth {terra firma) ; ex-traneus outlandish, 
 or extra; 5fma icicle (a^sps^s); soli-tarius (atepsu); iawrM^ bull; torvus 
 fierce (Sk. iMru); pro-tervus impetuous; sterula, stella star; strenuus 
 violent, eager; sternuo to [burst out], sneeze; [frequentative] sterto to 
 
 snore. Goth, stiuryan to establish, make firm ; us-stiurs unrestrained ; 
 
 stiur bull, steer; stairo sterile; stairno star; O. H. G. sterro star; stdr 
 stifiE, firm; A. S. stedran to control, guide, steer, press against water; 
 styrian to stir; to establish, ordain; steam stern of ship; stedr-bord 
 [steering], starboard side {leer-bord empty side, larboard) ; sterne firm, 
 stem; steorra star; starian to stare; [s]tur tower; torr cliff, peak; O. N. 
 stdrr large, abundant; thior draft-animal, ox; thorri force, mass; 
 Thdrr force of nature [against negations, darkness, cold], the god Thor; 
 stordh the earth; stormr storm; straumr stream; styr battle; Ger. 
 
 Steuer government tax. 0. R. turu bull; R. tur wild ox, wild sheep; 
 
 taran ram; star ante an effort; starost old age (obstinate, slow); 
 tverdii firm, hard, solid; stradanie endurance, suffering; storona side, 
 
 side of ship, coast (trrspvov). Ir. tMr, turid pillar, upholder, chief; 
 
 tuirend vrheaX (high-head); tir land; tor, tromm heavy; tren (compar. 
 tressa, cf. Tijpan;) active, strenuous, valiant; [tarv], tarb (W., Bret, taru) 
 bull; Ir. torand (lowering, bellowing, p. 185) thunder; W., Cor., Bret. 
 toran thunder; Ir. s[t]ruith old; W. strutiu ancient (starost); airland; Ir. 
 [si}rMla, rStglu, Gael. [st]reul star (cf . [styoe, s[t]rath plain) ; Ir. reil bright ; 
 Bret, stern frame, harness, loom; sterd firm, solid, fixed, contracted; 
 stSr current; shore; ster (plu. steret) star; taran noisy, eager; tSrein to 
 grow angry; terenein to be obstinate, slow; to delay; O. C. tarvos btdl; 
 Donno-tarvos brown bull; Deio-tarfus divine bull; Tarbelli; Sturia, 
 Stura rivers; Turus god; Tur ones? Tur-icus firm deliverance; Tara, 
 Taros stronghold; Tar anus thunder-god; Taran-ucnos god (W. ychen 
 oxen) ; Trena-catus valiant warrior. 
 
 Sk. tu to swell; tlv to be swollen; stu to magnify; stdi to whirl, 
 wrap; sthavaras firm, solid; tivras swollen, mighty, fierce; sthdiryam 
 firmness, [foundation]; strt, stri (strinomi, strinve, gerund, siirya, 
 p. p. stirnas) to [lay foundation, make lair, bed, tent]; to strew round, 
 spread out, lay down, cast down, cover; upa-stri to set, arrange, 
 prepare ; pari-stri to spread round ; vi-stirnas spread out, wide ; stari-man 
 bed; sva'Staras one's own place; [s]trd to cover, shield, protect; trdnam 
 
— 320 — 
 
 armor, protection; firastranam helmet. Zd. ftarto strew; gtairished. 
 
 Gk. (jTtipvuixt, oTopevvuixi to make bed, spread, smoo-'h out, 
 
 calm, soothe; aipuac? spreading, covering; ircpwjjia mattress, blanket, 
 horse-cloth, pavement; (rcp«T6s [spread out, ordered, tented] army 
 
 (cf. R.); cTpOTd-xeSov camp (cf. Lager). Lat. sterno (stratus) to 
 
 strew; sirdmen, str amentum straw; storea mat, rug; [s]torus couch, 
 tufted mattress, swelling muscles; struo to build in layers, arrange, 
 plan, lay ambuscade ; strues heap; in-star [on the plane, level], as high, 
 great; like; indu-stria accumulation, toil; struma wen, hump; str ages 
 scattering, strewing, rout, slaughter; con-sterno to rout, confuse; stragu- 
 
 lum blanket, rug (volvo; g for f). Goth, strauyan to strew; 0. H. G. 
 
 strdo straw. O. R. streiti to strew; R. stroit to build, construct; 
 
 set in order; stroi line of battle ; strana [circle], region, point of compass; 
 
 5/rawMzy [scattered beyond], foreign, strange. W. straf, ystrat a plain; 
 
 ystarn saddle; strau, 0. W. strouis I strewed; Ir. [st]roe, [st]re circum- 
 ference, area, space; Gael, strath, Ir. srath, riada shore, plain; Ir. 
 [stroenim], sroenim to scatter, disperse, hurl down; [st]r6enaim to 
 [scatter], rout, defeat; (redupl.) [st]ria-straim to [whirl], twist, contort; 
 s[t]ernim to spread out, scatter, declare; s[t]ruith wise (melts with 
 sruith old); reid even; O. C. Straviana, Strevintia; Strata, Stratona. 
 
 Sk. sthaviras, sthiras firm, hard ; [sidhiras firm, deep-set, solid, pro- 
 found, wise; dhri (dhardmi, dadkdra, dharishyami, dhriye, dhritas) 
 to hold up, bear, make firm, endure, live long, hold in, restrain; caus. 
 to support, preserve, think profoundly, reflect; dri (dritas) to hold 
 fast, esteem, honor; (the double form in dh and d is found in all 
 cognate tongues); d-dri to respect, adore; d-daras esteem, adoration; 
 d-drityd -with open (protecting) hand; ddra wife; ddrakas child; dru to 
 think deeply, regret, repent; -d/jaros bearing, upholding; d/sroi to 
 [bear grain], lift, rear, harvest; dhard, dharitri the earth; dhartri 
 bearer, carrier ; dhritis, dhdiryam constancy ; dharmas duty, right ; dhrl 
 (dhrindmi) to be [firm], old (cf . sthaviras) ; dhru (dhruvdmi, dhravdmi) 
 to be fixed, firm; to push forward, go; dhruvam [fixed, firm], certainly, 
 surely, truly; drus, drumas [deep-set] tree, wood; drd, drdi (drami, 
 drdydmi) to [think profoundly, dream], be sunk in sleep; drd, dru 
 to [push forward], run, flow; to [be driven], flee, be wretched; dhor 
 to run, be dextrous; dhilr to thrust, kill, go; dhurd burden; dhur yoke; 
 pole of chariot (pushing forward); front; dhuryas beast of burden; 
 dharunam foundation ; dhariman form (pressed into shape ; cheese) ; dhvri 
 to [crouch, pounce, wound], curve, redden; drun to speed, be curved, 
 wound; -dhrik bearing, enduring, old; [dhrins], drink (p. p. dridhas) 
 to make firm, be firm; fasten, [grip]; drih to grow, swell; p. p. drihitas, 
 
— 321 — 
 
 dridhas violent, large, solid, finn; [s\trinh to grow; strih, strih, trih, 
 trinh to [pounce, grip, strangle], strike, kill; triksh to go; (hence the 
 root strangh to press, strangle, twist, make an effort, be strong; com- 
 mon to all the western languages). Zd. dar to hold; darez to hold 
 
 fast, make firm; derezra firm. Gk. epdcw, 8pi^(ja<ieat to set, seat one's 
 
 self; epT^Ttavov body and seat of chariot; Opavo? bench; end of beam; 
 epdvo; seat, throne; Op^vuq footstool; d-Spdo? pressed, crowded (i 
 synthet.); dOpoflia) to gather; OXaw to grip, crush; Otipa^ coat of mail, 
 breast-work (tight-fit, firm) ; epiQaxw to think deeply (Hesych.) ; Opaaxw 
 to reflect, remember; Gp'^axo? [meditative], devout, religious; Iv-OpElv 
 to guard, keep (cf . d-dri) ; d-0plu to watch diligently, observe, consider 
 (i intens.) ; (i-6epiX(i) to disregard, neglect (d priv.) ; d-eYJp ear of corn 
 {dhri borne high; d intens.); d-e«pY) groats, meal; I6eipa bushy hair, 
 mane, feathers; Bipo? harvest, summer (dhras); [sXsu], sXsii-Gspoq 
 [choose your harvest], free (p. 194) ; eeptJTi^? harvester; 6sp[!iu to 
 harvest, spend the summer; 6lpo>, 0ep[jia(vw to heat; 6spt».6(; hot 
 (cf . form dharmas) ; esXuiJLva foundations, roots, layers ; Spdu to 
 [grasp, handle], do, act, serve; Spa[ji,a deed, office, action, drama; 
 BplicG) (causal form) to pluck (cf . drip, driph to [twist, pluck], vex) ; 
 Splicavov grass-hook, sickle; SpiJXTW to snatch, tear; Ssipi], SepiQ, Aeol. 
 SIppa neck (supporting; dhur yoke); Seipd? [back of animal], ridge 
 of hills (cf . jugum, dorsum) ; 8sXui».v« foundations (dharunam) ; BeXo), 
 leiXu to [grasp at, hold firm, push forward], desire, will; Q(ny%6q, 
 OpiYY^?, Tpiyxos support of rafters, cornice, hedge, enclosure {drinh; 
 
 cf. string-board, string-course). Lat. dorsus, dorsum back, ridge of 
 
 mountain; [thretus], fretus resting upon, relying; fretum strait, deep 
 water, depth; frenor to hold in, restrain; frenum rein, bridle; firmus 
 ^na.; forma [pressed into] shape {ci. formella, fromage; dhariman); 
 fornix arch (self-supporting, firm; dharunam; but cf. p. 181); frons 
 {-tis) forehead (dhur); O. Lat. horctus, forctus, Lat. fortis (Gp^uxoi;) 
 enduring, self-denying, frugal, brave ;/Mrca vine-prop, stake, gallows; 
 fulcio to prop, support (but see p. 73) ■,ferveo to glow (eipoq; melts with 
 ferveo to boil, p. 63) ; [ferviae], feriae summer holidays ; /mtom^, fulvus 
 tanned, swarthy; Formiae summer-slope; formido shivering terror 
 
 (gripped, shaken, cf . Russian) ; frigeo to shiver, be cold. A. S. deore, 
 
 0. N. dyr, O. H. G. tiuri well guarded, precious, dear (d-dri) ; O. N. 
 dyrka [dhrinh, OpiQaxu] to serve, honor; Goth. draMitinon, driugan 
 to serve in war; dulgs duty, debt; dragan (O. H. G. trakan) to [grip], 
 drag, heap; Ger. tragen to bear, carry; A. S. drykten commander, lord; 
 trum (form Spdu) firm, a troop ; trymmian to solidify, adjust ; dredm 
 
 triumph, joy (harvest-home; Oepfjidi;). R. derzhat to hold fast, grip 
 
 (Zd. darez); druzhitsya to make alliance; drug [firm] friend; druzhina 
 
— 322 — 
 
 a troop ; drozhat to [be gripped, shaken], to shiver (formido) ; dolg duty, 
 
 debt; dolzhno it is right; dergat to drag; Lith. drutas firm, strong. 
 
 Ir. dir proper, fit, right; dire blood-fine, due, wage; direch just; 
 derna palm of hand (upholding, gripping); dorn clenched hand, fist; 
 dernaim to make ; dron firm, fast ; drong a troop (druzhina) ; dliged duty, 
 law; dligim to have a right; be creditor; dil legal satisfaction; ro-dfecAi, 
 diles one 's own ; drochet bridge ; druimm back ; ridge of hills ; dlomaim to 
 confirm, assert; dluim a solid mass; dlHith compact, firm; Bret, dorn 
 hand, handful; O. C. pro-dilus hereditary right; Druna strong, firm; 
 Durnacos. 
 
 Sk. sthiras firm., ha-rd; [s]tarus tree; dhrutohe firva., strong; dhruvam 
 sure; drus tree, wood (deep-set, firm) ; drumas tree; drumdy to be tall, 
 tree-like, conspicuous; drih (p.p. drihitas, dridhas) to grow, swell out; 
 darduras cloud, frog; ddrus wood, fir; ddrunas hard, severe, dreadfvil. 
 
 Zd. dru, dduru wood, shaft, spear (influenced by Sk. dhur to 
 
 rush, hurl; duras far [shot]). Gk. SpO? tree, oak; Spu[ji(5<; oak-wood, 
 
 forest; SevSpeov, SsvSpov tree (redup., cf. Sev-SiXXw) ; Spfa thicket; 
 Spuiiq tree-nymph; 5dpu (plu. Soupa, Soupara) wood, beam, spear-shaft, 
 spear; Soup-Y]vex.Ti<; the distance of a spear-shot; Sap-uXXoq oak (Maced.; 
 
 8Xif)). Lat. durus hard, cruel. Goth, triu tree; triveins wooden; 
 
 trauan to [rest securely on support], trow, trust; trausti covenant; A. 
 
 S. tredv tree; faithfulness, truth; triktian to trust, believe. 0. R. 
 
 dreivo tree ; R. derevo tree, wood ; derevtzo bush ; derevnya [forest] village; 
 deren cornel-tree (shafts); drova (Bohem. dravi) fire-wood; dremukii 
 
 dense forest; Lith. drutas firm, solid; derva pine wood. Ir. dair, 
 
 daur (gen. darach) oak; dairde, daurde oaken; dair-bre oak-grove; 
 [derevac], derucc acorn; drui (gen. druad) druid (cf. drvnh p. p. dridhas); 
 druidecht sorcery ; dUr hard ; dUre hardness ; derh firm, certain (dhruvam) ; 
 W. derwen oak (daru-venna) ; Bret, deriien (plu. derii) ; O. C. Dario- 
 ritum; Darini (Derry); Dru-nemeton (oak-grove); Dervus; Dervones 
 (fates) ; Derventio (Derwent) ; Druentia; Darantasia, Tarantasia (iarus). 
 
 Sk. dhiras firm, deep-set, profound, wise; dhri to think deeply, 
 meditate, be lost in thought; dra, drdi (drdmi, drdydmi) to [dream, be 
 
 sunk in sleep], sleep ; ni-dra to be buried in sleep {ni- under) . Gk. 
 
 SapOavto, xaTa-SapSavw (sSpaSov, SSap6ov) to sleep, fall asleep. 
 
 Lat. dormio to sleep; dormito to nap. Goth, driusan to fall into 
 
 {dhri to taX\.;dhrish to pounce, plunge) ; A. S. dredsan to fall, droop, nod, 
 drowse; O. N. draumr, 0. H. G. traum dream (influenced by Slav.?). 
 
 O. R. dreimati to sleep; R. dr[v]ikhnut to sleep, drowse. ^Ir. 
 
 dermatim to forget; dermat; oblivion Diarmait, Dermot deep thought. 
 
— 323 — 
 
 Sk. dhri to grasp, press, rest upon; dhri to [be set, obstinate], old; 
 dhru {dhravami, dhruvdmi) to be fixed, firm ; to [thrust], press forward, 
 go (cf. ani pp. 5 and 6) ; dhur chariot-pole; dhor to [handle spear], be 
 dextrous ; to go, rush ; dhur to whirl, rush, kill ; dhard gallop, wheel, edge 
 of sword; drd (drdmi) to run, hasten; dari-drd (intens. redup.) to be a 
 fugitive, exile, miserable; dram to run to and fro (cf. kindred forms 
 drus, drumas; drdi, dormio) ; dru (dravdmi, dtidruva) to run, flee, flow, 
 eddy, rush; dru to speed, hurt, kill; drt {drindmi, dardmi) to fear; drl 
 (drinami, p.p. dirnas to [pounce as a wild animal], to tear, rend, burst, 
 split; dkvri, dhurv to [crouch, bend down, pounce], curve, bend 
 [stain with blood], color (cf. ran^ p. 127); dhri to [plunge], fall; dhurv, 
 durv, thurv, turv to conquer, strike, hurt, kill; tur to speed; dvdram, 
 dvar door (pouncing-place, entrance of cave); [form dhvrin]; drun to 
 [crouch, pounce], be curved, rush, kill ; druh to hurt, wound, be hostile ; 
 druh demon; dhri^, dhrin^, dhri^, dhra^, dhran^ to [pounce, swoop], go; 
 [sthriksh], striksh to go ; strih strih, trih to pounce, kill ; dhrdnksh, drdnksh 
 to scream fiercely (of birds); to [be greedy for prey], long for; dhran 
 to sound; dhrdgh, drdgh to make an effort, exhaust one's self, [reach 
 after, pounce for], be long, strong; dirghas long; trih, trinh to harm; 
 dhrek, drek to be strong, able; to scream [like hungry beast]; drak 
 swiftly; drdh to hurl down; to [glare as wild animal], watch, be watch- 
 ful; drig (drakshydmi, dadargd) to watch keenly, see, observe, hear; 
 drakshd grape (crushable ; cf . sTaipuXiQ, uva, grape) ; dhrdk, drdkh to be 
 [crushed, squeezed out], dry (doiraipc'e) ; dhrish to endure, be strong 
 (dhri) ; to pounce, grip, be bold, fierce; drinh to be firm, [well rooted]; 
 drih to grow; p.p. dridhas firm, strong, exceeding; dhrdd, drdd to be 
 
 crushed, destroyed; to decay; to split. Zd. dvar to run, pounce; 
 
 dharshi violent, strong; daresh to venture. Gk. epwaxw {Qogo\J\^ai) to 
 
 leap, pounce; d-6upu to bound, leap, sport; Goupos, eoupto? rushing, 
 impetuous; 6op(5q, 9opii act of generation; Opeo), Bpoew to be tumultuous, 
 eager, noisy; eptiYjai? terror; %pio[Lai to wail; Toveopul^u to murmur, 
 mutter; Opdo?, [eopu/o?], Cdpu^o? din; Opfat lots (tossed, cast); 6pfov 
 omelet (whipped, beaten) ; fig-leaf (waving) ; Opiiov rush; rspOpeu? mounte- 
 bank; Tspepsuw to amuse crowd; Gpaijw to dash, shiver, destroy; GXau 
 to crush; Gapulw, Gapplw to be bold; Gpaai? bold; ©spfffTT)?; Giipso? bac- 
 chanal's wand; 0pa^ Thracian (dhranksh; war-whoop) ; Qpdaam, tapaaata 
 
 to vex; GcfXacjffasea. Lat. Drusus impetnous;furiosus = Qo6pio<;; furor; 
 
 Furiae; [fruo-se], fruor to enjoy, seize, take possession (but cf. p. 65); 
 frio to [grip], crush, rub, wear; frivolus a [shaving], trifle; frustum a 
 [clawful], scrap, bit; frustro to [tear away], frustrate; frustra vain 
 [effort, pounce] ;/raM5 {-dis) [lurking, pouncing], deceit ■,fritillus[ca.steT], 
 dice-box (Gpfai) ; frigeo to be [gripped, shaken], to shiver (cf . R. drozhat). 
 
324 — 
 -Goth, ga-daursan to dare ; driusan to fall ; drus ruin ; ga-drausyan to 
 
 hurl down; drausna crumb; A. S. ge-dreosan to fall, perish; drusian to 
 be ruined, foul, stagnant; dredr gore (dreary, traurig); drysmian to be 
 rainy, dark (drizzle) ; on-drysne fierce, terrible; durran to dare; dyrstig 
 bold (dreist); Scotch dour fierce; O. N. dorr spear; drosull [rushing] 
 horse; Ygg-drasill terrible destruction, survival of fittest; basis of 
 
 creation; A. S. daradh dart (dhrdd); draed dread. 0. R. druzu 
 
 bold; druzhati to be bold; R. o-derzhivat to conquer; drozhat to whirl, 
 tremble; drozh shivering; drozhki rattler, swift cart; dryazgi trifles; 
 dryakhliy decrepit; drozd black-bird; dura, durak fool; Lith. pa-- 
 durmu impatiently, fiercely; dransus brave; dransa courage; Lett. 
 
 druska crumb. Ir. dorar battle; drUth mad, passionate, lewd; dric 
 
 wrathful; drScht share (frustum); drech mad, wanton; drong a crowd; 
 drenga a fight; driss briars; Bret, drascal to crackle; O. C. Drusus, 
 Con-drusi; drungus a troop; Durot (impetuous, druth; Dart, Dart- 
 mouth); Durot-riges; Duro-casses; Durndcos. 
 
 Sk. dhru, dru, drd (drami) to run, push forward, hasten; dari-drd 
 to be a fugitive, exile, miserable; drdpaydmi to cause to flee; drip to 
 chase; dram to run to and fro; dru (dravdmi, dudruva) to run, flee, 
 
 flow, eddy, rush; drl {darami, drindmi) to fear. Gk. SiSpduxw to 
 
 run; dxo-Spavat to run away; SpacrtJio? flight; S-BpasToi; inevitable; 
 SpSxlTT)?, Spdxwv fugitive slave; AapSavo? wanderer, adventurer; 
 sSpai«.ov I ran; Spdjio? race; Spo[jLsi5<; runner; SpdiJLWv [scuttling] crab. 
 
 0. N. trampa to tramp; Goth, trimpan to trample. Ir. dremm 
 
 a crowd; dremun impatient; Bret, darondel swallow; dramsel a hurried 
 glance (sel glance); O. C. Dravus, Drama rivers; An-drasta Bellona; 
 Drappes. 
 
 Sk. dhri to grasp, press; [causal form dhrip to crush, wring out]; 
 dri to [hold fast], guard, consider; drip, driph to [squeeze, wring], vex; 
 
 dribh to string, bind. Gk. Gpiixto) (lOpu^ifjv, ItpuipSiQv) to crush, 
 
 crumble, break, ruin, be weak, enervated; to [squeeze, fondle], corrupt, 
 weaken, be coquettish, skittish; OpuxTtxi? crushing, fondling, ef- 
 feminate; Tpufos crushed fragment; Tpuqii^ daintiness, wantonness 
 (melts with Tplipw to feed) ; eXf^u to press, squeeze, wring, afflict, vex; 
 eX(tj(t<; affliction; 6p(5(i.po<; a handful, bit; a drop [wrung out]; ■zpifn 
 (6pei]j(i); melts with trip to exhilarate) to [squeeze out], curdle, congeal, 
 shape, beget, [stuff with food], feed child, hold in, control; Tpayepis 
 well-fed, fat; [fertile] land; epl^jijjia nursling, cub; creature; espaxeiiu 
 to care for, attend upon, serve, worship, give massage, treat medically, 
 cure; QdXxt^ to [crush], tousle, knead, soften, melt, warm; to cuddle, 
 
— 325 — 
 
 foster, love; to [twist], vex; Spexu to pluck, gather, enjoy; to scratch, 
 shed blood; 5psxavov sickle; Bpiixto) to tear, scratch; Spuipdcaw to hem 
 in, enclose, rail; Spiitij? [wringing], bringing tears, puckering mouth, 
 
 smoky, bitter; Sdpitvov supper (booty, prey). Lat. drupa [plucked] 
 
 olive (contrasted with parched windfalls). Goth, ga-drahan to 
 
 [scratch], hew, polish stone; drobyan to [wring, twist], confuse, disturb; 
 drobna tumult; dreiban (0. H. G. trtpan) to press, thrust, force, drive 
 [through, out]; 0. N. drepa to [strike with claw], thrust, stab; drdp 
 death-blow, fall (treffen); drifa to drive; dreifa to rout, scatter; dropi 
 drops; dr'^pa to drop, fall; drtma battle; torfa turf (Splxw); A. S. 
 treppe trap (gripping) ; Eng. drab, Fr. drap [buckskin, tousled, wrung, 
 
 curried] ; buckskin color; [scortum] ; Ger. verderbento injure, destroy. 
 
 R. dryablii crushed, withering, fading. Ir. drobel hardness, difficulty; 
 
 drib, drip trap ; Bret, dram sheaf; 0. C. Drappes. 
 
 Sk. dri {drinami, p.p. dirnas) to [pounce as a wild animal]; to tear, 
 rend, burst, split; dritis [rawhide], leather-bottle; ddras rent, fissure, 
 
 plowed field; daras cave ; ddrus, ddrunas rending, cruel (v. p. 322). 
 
 Zd. dar to cut. Gk. Sepu, Ssfpo) (Sapi(5ffO(jLai) to skin; SIpoe, Sopi, 
 
 Slp^a skin, hide; Ssp-jAiiXXw to crush, swallow greedily ((i.iiXo<;; champ 
 the hide) ; [8ipsepov],IiepE9pov gorge, gully, channel; Ssppt? rawhide; sheep- 
 skin coat; Slptpov membrane enclosing intestines (cf. dritis; GuXXE?) ; 
 a vulture's beak; Spijjiiq keen, cruel, acrid; BplXo? passionate, eager. 
 
 Albanian Drinus, Drilus (the same) mountain stream. — —Goth. 
 
 ga-tairan, dis-tairan O. H. G. ziru, far-ziru to destroy, tear {verzehren; 
 zerren); Goth, dis-taiirnan to be rent; A. S. torn wrath, hatred, 
 
 Zorn; trem a fragment (SptiJiiii;) ; Eng. to trim = to lop. O. R. drati 
 
 to flay; R. raz-dirat to tear asunder; dryan oflal, scraps; dira a hole, 
 
 bore. Ir. drant a row of teeth; snarling; drenn fierce; a quarrel 
 
 (cf. ringo, rixa) ; Corn., Bret, darn a piece, fragment; Bret, dar'iein to 
 cut, slice; dren a thorn; pugnacious; O. C. Drinnacius. 
 
 Sk. dhri to hold, grip ; dhiir, dhurv, durv, thurv, turv to [pounce], rush, 
 kill; drl to rend, 'tear; dhvri to [crouch for pounce, lie low; to pounce, 
 tear, stain with blood]; to curve, bend, color; dhurv to bend, injure; 
 
 [dhrun], drun to be curved; to speed; to kill. Gk. [6/£ip(o, /6Etpu], 
 
 fOefpo), Aeol. (pGlppw (Sipeapev; cf. forms lyedtvu, fStvu p. 289) to kill game, 
 destroy, madden, corrupt, defile, mix colors; [qjOtfOEpa], SKpOepa [curried, 
 tousled] hide, leather, parchment ; y9opd destruction, corruption, mixing 
 of colors; (f%dp\La corruption, an outcast; (pOeiptov wild grape (crushed, 
 drdkshd, p. 283); ipOefp a louse (squashy; ravager; lens, p. 148; pedi- 
 culus, p. 54); [8f«)p, j:8t)p, (p9T)p], 6if]p, Aeol. fi^p a wild-beast; BiQpfov wild 
 
— 326 — 
 
 creature, beast, snake; Oi^pa hunting; prey, game, venison; [B/appu, 
 QfaXkto, j:9aXXa)], ^SiXXu to squeeze out, milk, suck; ^SIXXk leech, lam- 
 prey; pSeXupd; [blood-sucking], beastly (affected by pSeu p. 300); GeXu, 
 l8eXw (pref. sva) to [pounce], be eager, wish (cf. lubh, p. 140); ba'ki\i-fi 
 lurking-place, den; edcXa^jioi; inner room, chamber (cf. Xd^o?, Xexo;); 
 hold of ship; grave; SuXXf?, OuXaxos leather-bottle, bag (cf. ^SaXXu); 
 eoXdq cuttle-fish (ink-bag); GoXspd; [trampled], defiled, muddy; GoXo? 
 smoke-hut, conical kitchen; rotunda (p. 301); Supo(i.ai, dSiipojAat to 
 
 lament the lost, cf. miser, misereor; Satpd? hinge (bend). Lat. fera 
 
 wild beast; ferus, ferox wild, ferocious; ferina venison; feralis direful; 
 dirus direful, baleful ; dirae hounding furies, curses ; dilrus wild, cruel, 
 [compressed], hard; /mo to strike, cut, s\a.y; for n-ix arch {[dhurn] to 
 bend, vile to twist); fornax i\iT-aa.ce;fornicor to corrupt; stew; [dvellum], 
 duellum, helium war; Duillius; bellua a wild beast; follis wine-skin, 
 
 bladder (6uXaxo<;). A. S. dedr wild, cruel, fierce ; a wild beast; a 
 
 deer (Jerina); O. N. dyr wild beast; A. S. dyrne [lurking], crafty, 
 hidden, treacherous (of monsters, fiends) ; Goth, dvalmon to [pounce], 
 be mad; dvals [crouching], sluggish, dull; dalath [bending] downward; 
 dal lowland, dale; O. H. G. twelan to [hibernate], be lazy, brutish; 
 O. N. dvelan to be foolish; dvelya to be lazy, delay, dwell; Dvalinn 
 a [lurking, mischievous] dwarf; dvergr a dwarf; dylya to hide, deny. 
 
 Lith. zhveris, O. R. zveiri, R. zveir wild beast, deer (cf. zvuk = 
 
 9607^0? p. 290); R. zveirskiyHevce; zlo evil; dol, dolina dale; dohi down; 
 
 Lith. durru to [claw], prick. Ir. dera vengeance; diire cruelty ; derca 
 
 den, cave; W. dur, Bret, dir steel {durus) ; O. C. Dhirona fate {dirae). 
 
 Sk. dhri, drink to grip , be firm; drih to [be rooted], grow; p.p. dridhas 
 large, firm, solid; trih, trinh to grow; to [pounce, grip claw]; to wound, 
 kill ; trid {trinadmi, tatardd) to tear, wound, destroy ; tard to strike, hurt, 
 kill ; \drih to pounce , kill] ; drah to hurl down ; drdd to be broken, crushed, 
 destroyed; drud to be sunk; trand, trad to start forward, make an 
 
 effort, move; trut to be split. Gk. atdpOiQ, aropOuyf point, spike, 
 
 antler, tusk; oTpouQdi; sparrow; ostrich (thrusting, pecking, lecherous) ; 
 
 CTTpou6£I^(i) to twitter; tipavSo? the elk. Lat. trOdo to push, shove, 
 
 force, drive; tarda to [shove back], retard; tardus slow; turdus thrush 
 (pecking) ; strideo to be noisy; sterto; turunda macaroni (forced through 
 
 sieve). Goth, [sjtrudan to push forward, tread; thriutan to annoy, 
 
 vex, injure; us-thriutan to vex, hinder, revile; thruts-fils [clawed-skin], 
 leprosy; throthyan to make an effort, exercise; O. N. thrudhugr strong, 
 violent; throttr strength, courage; throt exhaustion; stridh battle 
 (Streit) ; thrtsta to drive, thrust; A.S. thrydh force, pushing, leadership; 
 thryst bold; stridan, tredan, treddian to push forward, stride, tread; 
 
— 327 — 
 
 strddan [defended] frontier; straet [military road], highroad; thredt 
 troop; thredtian to attack; on-draedan to dread [form dhridh]; Eng. to 
 straddle; strut; sturdy; [s]turd (turunda); dirt; 0. H. G. stelza stilt; 
 
 Ger. stolz; strotzen; Strauss; trotzen. R. trud efEort, labor; stradat 
 
 to toil, suffer; irost [walking-stick], cane, reed. Ir. fris-tarddaim to 
 
 push against; oppose; trost beam, prop, truss; trostdn staff, crutch; 
 Bret, siertat to press, solidify; sterd pressed, fixed, firm, solid; trutein 
 to [poke], mock; trest beam; O. C. Stardius, Tordilo, Trutobriga. 
 
 Sk. dhri to grasp, hold, make firm; dhvri to [lurk, hide, pounce]; 
 [dhvar], dvdr, dvdram, dur, gate, door [of cave, lair; cf. 6aX(S[i,Y] p. 326]; 
 duryas [within pounce], at the door, door-yard; duryds [lair], dwelling; 
 
 dvdrakam gate; Hindi dvara— mountain pass. Zd. dvarem gate, 
 
 [court], palace. Arm. durn door. Gk. 6iipa, OiipeTpov door, gate, 
 
 entrance to cave; Gupal^s [pouncing] out, out of the door; Supaio? out- 
 side, abroad, foreign; GupauXea) to camp out; 6up(ov hall, antechamber; 
 GupEs opening, window; Gaipd? hinge, axle (cpOefpw); Gupeds large shield. 
 
 Lat. fores doors; foras, foris without, abroad; forum [court-yard], 
 
 market-place, square (p. 63); Umbr., Osc. [d]vero gate (cf. dvellum, 
 
 bellum). Goth. daiir, daHro door; faiira-da4ri = %'ka.'zda, forum, 
 
 public place ; auga-daiiro window; O. H. G. tor, turi gate, door. Lith. 
 
 durys door; O. R. dviri door; dvoru court; R. dvor court-yard, palace; 
 dvorei out-doors. Ir. dorus door, threshold; W. doreu folding- 
 doors; drws hurdle, gate; Corn, darat, daras, Bret, dor door; O. C. 
 Isarno-duros iron gate (so Greg. Tur.) ; Ebo-durum horse-town; Divo- 
 durum; Iccio-dorum; Duro-brivce wharf town; (melt with duros hard, 
 strong); " Vicus cui vetusta paganitas, ob celebritatem clausuramque 
 fortissimam . . . templi, Gallic^ lingui Ysarnodori, id est ferrei ostii, 
 indidit nomen. " 
 
 Sk. dhri to grasp, endure; dhru to be firm, press forward, go; 
 dhor to handle spear, rush; druh to hurt, wound, be hostile; dhrdgh, 
 drdgh to make an effort, stretch after, be strong; dhrek, drek to be 
 strong, able; to yell [as animal]; drdh to [pounce], throw down, [glare], 
 be watchful; drdkh [to grip, wring out], be dry; dur gas difSculty, toil; 
 citadel, castle (strong-grip); Durgd destruction, survival of fittest, 
 Kdli; druh to harm; droghas crafty, mischievous; druh demon; drohas 
 
 injury. Zd. drukh darkness; (dragon); evil; druzh demon. Gk. 
 
 epuyavio) to scratch, scrape, tap at the door; 0apY-iriX.iuv [advancing, 
 victorious sun], first-fruits; June; 0ar&) to stroke, trap, bind by magic, 
 hypnotize; TeXxfv enchanter; Spdtaau (Spi^w) to grasp, pluck, throttle; 
 SpaYl^a, SpaxiJLl5 handful; SpaYiisuu to bind sheaves; [Spd^oq], Spdao? 
 
— 328 — 
 
 dew (wrung out.cf. ir.) . Lat. [frux], fruges first-fruits, parched com, 
 
 provisions, grain; dative of end frugi "worth his rations," decent, 
 laborious; frugalis; fructus fruit (melts -with fruor p. 65); falx grass- 
 hook, sickle; flaccus wilted? flecto to twist; falco [hook-bill], falcon; 
 fraxinus ash (spear-wood; dhrdgh; askr, ornus, cornus); in-dulgeo to 
 
 soothe (6eXy(o) ; dulcis [pressed out] , sweet [must] ; deliciae. Goth., 
 
 A. S. dragan to [make an effort], drag; A. S. drehnigean to squeeze out, 
 wring, drain; Goth, drigkan to [drain cup], drink; A. S. drygan to 
 [wring out], dry; O. N. dregg [squeezings], dregs; draugr ghost (druzh); 
 drag [presser], treadle, burden; driugr enduring, strong; drengr hero; 
 A. S. dedrc gloomy, dark (drukh) ; drohtod handicraft (Spdaao)) ; dredgan 
 
 to make an effort, live, endure; tdlg tallow (GeXyu, indulgeo). R. 
 
 derzhat to grip, hold fast (p. 321); draklivii quarrelsome; tira^ gouge; 
 
 drok broom-plant (hard-knot). Ir. droch hoop; droch evil; dorche 
 
 dark; drucht dew (Spdao?) ; draigen blackthorn; delg thorn, spit, pin; 
 dlugim to tear; derg [torn, bloody], red; in-dle ambush; Com. dele 
 necklace; Bret, drehel, dalhein to catch, endure, continue, attain; 
 dalh grip, hold, delay; drechil [twisted] backward; drenjen thom; 
 droug pain, ev^l; drouk bad; 0. C. draucus evil, unnatural; 
 Drucca. (The root implies the forms dhrakh, dhruh.) 
 
 Sk. dhrdnksh, drdnksh to scream as eagle (p • 3 23) ; dhrek, drek to yell; 
 drdgh to pant for, be exhausted; dhran, dhvran (intens. dandhranmi) 
 
 to sound. Gk. Gp'^vo? shrieking, lamentation; 6pY)vlu to lament; 
 
 epuva^ a drone; TevBpiQViQ, Tev6pT][v]8(ov wasp; dvOpi^vi), avOprjSuv hornet 
 {indh to burn) ; T:£tJwp[e]pY]Swv wasp (blistering) ; ToveopuJ^w to mutter, 
 
 murmur. Low. Lat. drenso to scream like a swan. Goth, drunyus 
 
 a noise, tone ; 0. N. drynr a roar ; O. H. G. droenen to drone ; A. S. draen 
 
 drone-bee; Hessian drensen to groan. Ir. derdre[n]thar it sounds; 
 
 dordaim to roar, cry as deer ; dord a bass voice ; dr^njsacht a screech ; the 
 name Derdriu perhaps belongs to Sk. daridras exile, wretched. 
 
 Sk. dhrdgh, drdgh to make an effort, [thrust, leap]; to be strong, 
 protracted, long; dirghas (comp. draghlyas) long; drdghman, drdghiman 
 
 length; drih to shoot up, grow; drinh to be rooted, firm. Zd. dareghd 
 
 long. Gk. SoXt/di; long; SiSXtxo? long race; IvSsXs^^iw to endure, last, 
 
 to the end, continue; IvSeXexi^? continuous, perpetual. Goth, tulgus 
 
 enduring, firm; A. S. telg, M. H. G. zelge sprout. 0. R. dlugu, Lith. 
 
 [d]ilgas long; R. dolgota length; dalekii distant; doroga, journey, road; 
 
 dorogoi [far-brought], precious. Ir. dolig difficult [to obtain]; dolge 
 
 difficulty, danger; dringim to press forward; Bret, dalhein to delay, 
 prolong. 
 
— 329 — 
 
 Sk. dragh to make an efEort, [pounce]; druh to hurt, wound; drdh 
 to [crouch, glare], be watchful, [plunge], hurl down; [aim at]; drif, 
 {dadarga, drashtum) to watch, gaze, listen, see; caus. to slaow; drig eye; 
 
 drishtis sight; darganas sight, aim, intention, mirror. Zd. dadarsa 
 
 I saw. Arm. te{r]sanem I see. Gk. SlpxeiJiai (SdSopxa) to see, be 
 
 sharp-sighted, perceive; SIpYiAa glance; Slp^tq sight; Spox':(i!;&) to 
 glance round; Spdtxwv snake (fascinating; glittering eye) ; Sopxa? [bright- 
 eye], doe, gazelle; AfpxT] bright-glance, the old moon; perishes before 
 the rush of the sun-bull (Baal, cf. Europa, p. 85; Boeotian legends 
 like Cretan have Semitic tinge) ; her rival is 'Avxtdxiq (opposite-face) the 
 full-moon, with her two sons the morning and evening stars ('A^j^pfwy 
 revolving; Zi^eo? vivid; 'A(j.(p{wv learns the music of the dawn from 
 Hermes, and like Orpheus is able to control nature ; he builds the fla- 
 ming walls of theworld). (joth..ga4arhyanto-pomt out, show; O. Sax. 
 
 torht, 0. H. G.zoraht flashing, bright; A. Sax. gi-trahtian to gaze, watch, 
 
 betrachten. R. zorkii vigilant, bright-eyed; pri-zrak vision; zrei[k]t 
 
 to see; zerkalo mirror. Ir. dercaim to see; derc eye; air-dire con- 
 spicuous; dercaid watchman; drech appearance, face; drecht observa- 
 tion, knowledge; W. drych glance, sight, mirror; drech sight; Bret. 
 er-derch, derch evident; drick glance, view, gleam of water; 0. C. Derco, 
 Dercetius, Con-dorcense, Con-dercus. 
 
 The preceding roots centre in a sibilated form, not found in Sk., 
 [sdhragh, sthrdgh, sthrang Strang to grip, choke, twist, wring], the de- 
 velopment of which is given on p. 321; dissolving, this root produces 
 strih, trih, trinh to [speed, pounce, dart, choke], strike, kill ; trinh to shoot 
 up, grow; (parallel with drih to grow, drinh to strengthen); striksh 
 triksh, trinkh, trakh, trank, trankh, trang to speed, go (parallel with dragh 
 effort; drdk swiftly); trans to flash out, utter, speak; tark to glance 
 round, observe, reflect (parallel with drig to glance); tar i to threaten 
 (parallel with drdnksh to yell) ; tras to whirl, quiver, tremble ; trish to 
 be [wrung out], thirsty (drdkh to be dry) . 
 
 ]/strangh. Sk. strih, trinh to [twist, choke], kill. Gk. OTpayyaXd- 
 
 oixat to be twisted, knotted, strangled; (r[T]apYavY], TapyavY] (cf. Ir.) plaited 
 work; cipxyyaXlq a knot; tnpafye6o\).M to twist, turn, loiter; i-mp&yaXoi; 
 vertebra (i euphon.) ; <n(iix-{yil,<o to wring, squeeze out; (repay? a drop; 
 ir:psi3Y0[i.at (Homeric) to be wrung out, drained, exhausted, distressed; 
 [oTapaY[i(5?] at<xl(Xf\i.6(; dripping, exhaustion, sweat; OTepyfs, (yzls-fyiq, 
 (nskylq a sweat-scraper; a circular diadem; S-orXtY? a curl, tendril; 
 flash (trinh to shoot; cf. piSiT-rpuxo?) ; atgayy6<; twisted; mpoyyuloq 
 spherical, well-rounded; orlpyavo? dung [squeezed out]; atipyut to 
 
— 330 — 
 
 [cling to, cuddle, stroke], love, show affection, be content, like; oropYi^ 
 love (parental, filial); crpixvo? [astringent, choking] nightshade; 
 OTpuipvd? astringent, harsh (attracted by CTplfu) ; [trJtpuYdw to strip, 
 wrench off, gather; TpuyiQ fruit, crop, grapes, com; tpul [wrung out, 
 racked off] must; lees; -rpiJYW to [squeeze out], dry; tdpixo? dried, 
 [smoked], fish; Tpdiyo? goat (stripper, devourer); a sponge (squeezed); 
 
 •rpwYw to devour; Tpti^ weevil; •tpdifT^t] [mouse] hole (gnawed). 
 
 Lat. stringo to squeeze, bind, wring, [wrench out], draw sword, strip, 
 scrape, graze; ad- stringo to be choking, astringent; strigilis flesh- 
 scraper; [sjtergeo (tersus) to wipe, rub off, clean; turgeo to round, swell 
 (axpoYYiXo?) ; [s\tergus hide (stripped off) ; tergum back (bending, 
 
 vertebral) ; stercus dung (aTepyavoq) . A. S. string, O. N. strengr, 
 
 O. H. G. stric bow-string, cord; A. S. Strang, 0. N. strangr, 0. H. G. 
 strangi [well-knit, sinewy], strong; A. S. stearc, O. N. sterkr, O. H. G. 
 starach sinewy, stripped, hard, strict; A. S. streccan, 0. H. G. strecchan 
 to stretch; A. S. strdcian; O. N. striuga to stroke ((rcspifw) ; A. S. strkan, 
 O. N. strikia to strike (strih) ; Goth, striks a stroke ; [sjtriggva bond, cove- 
 nant; triggvs faithful; [sitrigo sorrow ((rTpeiJYO[i.at) ; ga-staurknan to ht 
 [wrung out], dried, withered; O. H. G. traki [exhausted], lazy (trage); 
 A. S. drygan, 0. H. G. trukanon to dry (forms [sthragh, dhragh] drakh); 
 
 O. N. thurka to dry; thyarka to scold (targ). O. R. strugati to strip, 
 
 shave (stringo) ; R. strogat to scrape, plane ; stri^ to shave ; strogii strict, 
 severe ; [s^trezviy sober, temperate ; terzat to wrench, tear; O. Pruss. tarkue 
 
 thong. Ir. s[t]rengim to string, stretch, drag, tear; sreng a cord, 
 
 rope; (cf . Lat. co-[st]rrigia shoe-lace); sraiglim to lash, (stringo); trdgud 
 exhaustion; terc scanty; Bret, trenk astringent, acid; serensat to c&rA. 
 
 Sk. [sthranksK], dhranksh, drdnksh, dhrek, drek, to screech, yell 
 
 (p. 328) ; trans to utter, sound. Gk. orp!^ (aTptydq) [screecher], 
 
 owl; Tpfl^u (i;ei;piYa) to scream, squeak, gibber, pipe; Tetpal^w to 
 cackle; TEirpa^, Texpt^ pheasant, bird; -rpti-Xtl^w to giggle; Tpul^u to mur- 
 mur, coo; Tpuywv dove. Lat. striga owl, witch; stri\gYieo to 
 
 screech. R. treshUat to crackle, crash, sound; strizh [twittering] 
 
 swallow, Bret, tarhein to rattle, crack, thunder, burst; trechonein 
 
 to gnash the teeth; trouz a noise. 
 
 Sk. same roots, with loss of sibilant; strih, strih, trih, trinh to 
 [twist, hurl], strike, kill; trinh, drih to shoot up, grow; tark to glance, 
 aim, reflect, explore; tar^ to brandish; trikvan [tramp], thief; trikas 
 backbone, hip-joint; tarkus a spindle; striksh, triksh, trinkh, trakh, 
 
 irank, trankh, trang to go [round, move]. Gk. tpoxiis wheel; Tplxw to 
 
 speed, run (curvtis, currus, curro) ; TpoxaXo? round, bent, swift; tpoxtXfa 
 
— 331 — 
 
 pulley, windlass; Tpoxiiw to revolve; tpdxr{ko<; neck (i^Xoq nail, pivot); 
 ■cpaxiis [wrenching, wrenched], fierce, harsh, rough, rugged, rocky; 
 •capdffffO) to stir up, disturb, trouble; ■capadoti.ai to be knotted, matted; 
 caputs hurdle; fi-tpaxTo? spindle, arrow {& intens.); d-rpexi^q [aiming 
 
 well], exact, precise, sure, certain {tar}s) . Lat. iorqueo to twist, writhe, 
 
 wring, torture, turn, glance around; torques twisted collar; a-trox 
 [wrenching, tearing], cruel (ad intens.); trux, truculentus [brandishing], 
 defiant; truncus wrenched off, mutilated; tranquillus [stroked, pressed], 
 still, peaceful; iricae tangles; intrico to tangle; ex-iraho to twist out; 
 
 iraho to pull, drag (cf. educo, duco, p. 308). Goth, thragyan 
 
 to run; threihan to [wring], crush, throng, press {torqiMs); threihsl, 
 thleihsl crushing, narrowness; tkriskan to grind, thresh (Tapdcau); 
 ga-thrask threshing-floor; thlaihan to press, stroke, quiet, comfort 
 (tranquillus) ; thlaqus [kneaded], soft, tender; thliuhan to be [whirled, 
 routed], to flee ; ihlahsyan to terrify (Tapiaau) ; ga-thlasknan to be 
 terrified; ga-ihlaihan to console {tranquillus); A. S. thrag cycle, 
 period, time; thracu effort, strength; ge-thring whirl, fray; thringan 
 to press through, rush, throng; thragvian to hurl, throw; O. N. thrasa 
 
 to rage; thrda-z to swell out, grow (trinh). R. strei[g]lyat to shoot; 
 
 5/mZa arrow, dart, thunderbolt (strih) ; Lith.trinkahlocis^stvib (truncus). 
 
 Ir. traig foot ("zpiyui) ; trie quick, nimble (d-Tpexi^?) ; tr6cim to 
 
 [hurl away], abandon; tlacht garments (wrapped); tla[c\thaigim to 
 soothe, soften (thlaihan); tracht strength; tressa stronger; tress battle; 
 troich wretch (torqueo) ; trdge misery; trd[g]-caire pity (miser, misereor) ; 
 tore a torques, collar; trus a girdle; truastad a whirling blow; tore a 
 boar (side-rush; trux); W., Cor., Bret, twreh, toreh, tourch wild-boar; 
 Ir. tri[g]allaim to aim at, purpose, intend (streilyat); trelam weapons; 
 W., Bret, trweh, trouch wound; Bret, torh twist, roll, boss, hump; 
 tarh whirlwind, tempest; tarhereh grinding, gnashing; truag lean, 
 piteous; trugarS mercy (trdcaire) ; troh boring, hole; tr ousel fagot, truss, 
 trousers; 0. C. ver-tragus swift-foot, hound (traig-luath, swift-foot. 
 Tray); Troceius, Trueeius =trux; Trogus; tragula dart; Torcerus; 
 Tureius Apronianus; Tareius, Tareonius; Triceo, Tricio (trie). 
 
 Sk. strih, trih, trinh to shoot, kill; trans to flash out, speak eagerly; 
 [sthrinh, dhrinh], trih, trinh, drih to shoot up, grow; drinh to make 
 firm, be firm; trinam grass, rushes, reeds; trin to [graze], eat; tarunas, 
 talunas adolescent, young, luxuriant; taluni maiden; tarus tree; 
 
 tarasam flesh; tarnas calf. Gk. Gpf^ (tptxos) hair; epTva? [grass- 
 
 tosser, pitch-fork], trident; GpfSa^ lettuce; Bpdva, xpdva flowers, herbs; 
 6puov rush; Gpiov fig-leaf; -vpexvo?, T^pxvo? a twig; •clpriv tender, delicate; 
 Tspapitov cooked, delicate; tepa[Jivov chamber; eaXaiAo? inner room, bridal 
 
— 332 — 
 
 chamber (p. 326); tkXk; maiden; Tit)Xe0(i!W to bloom; ttjXi? fennel; 
 BaXXo) to bloom, be luxuriant (p. 300) ; a-ta.\6q tender, young {& intens.) ; 
 izdWdi to be merry ; to foster a child ; to grow up ; Tr)Xe(ptov live-forever; 
 TY)XiJYeTOi;darling, favorite child (gdtis); oxpYivos passion, pride; OTpTjvtdo) 
 to be wanton; airpTjvul^a) to trumpet (of elephants) ; (J-aipaXdi; a starling; 
 
 d-Tp-Qpi? nimble, brisk. Sabine terenus soft; [oves, nuces] terentinae 
 
 (delicate); Terentius; Tarentum; Ital. tarantella love-ballet; Lat. 
 tiro lad, page; strenuus eager, impetuous; sturnus starling; strenae 
 new-year delicacies (etrennes); palustris, silvestris (trinh to grow); 
 pedestris, equestris (trinh to fight) ; in-trinsecus in-grown, innate, in- 
 trinsic. Goth, in-trisgan to graft; A. S. steam starling; ge-strynan 
 
 to win; g^-5f?-e(5w force, jewel, treasure; telg sprout; tallow; Goth, tulgus 
 
 firm (drinh), O. N. therna, O. H. G. diorna maiden. 0. R. tekn 
 
 calf; R. telenok, teletz calf; teilo body, flesh; tet/woi carnal; ^erew pavilion; 
 
 trava grass. Ir. tren (comp. [trensa], tressa) eager, strenuous; W, 
 
 tren impetuous; trech superior; tlesseu jewels; Bret, trech victor; terein 
 to be susceptible, excitable; terenein to be idle; teren honeycomb; 
 sun-beam {trans) ; O. C. Tranto, Trenna, Trenanus, Tarnis. 
 
 Sk. trinh, trih to shoot; trans to flash out; tras (trasdmi, trasyami) 
 to be [whirled, shaken]; to quiver, tremble, fear; apa-tras to flee; 
 trasas stirring, living; a-trastas unterrified; trdsas terror; stri to 
 strew; (p. 319); tvar, tur, tUr to whirl, speed; turv, thurv, durv, 
 
 dhurv to hurl, shoot; [tarv], tarb to go [round, whirl]. Zd. tareg 
 
 to tremble; tarsti terror. Gk. tplu (aor. 'i-zpzae, Epic Tpeoae) to 
 
 tremble, fly; Tpo-fwvio? [terrible voice], oracle; "zgiat-qq coward; tpiipuv 
 timorous, fluttering; pigeon; a-Tpecroq fearless; •zapaastt) to whirl, 
 trouble; "zapaoq sole of foot, wing, blade of oar, hurdle; "capo^i^ 
 tumult; Tdp/xapoq [terrible] hell; tap^eu to be terrified; Totp^os terror; 
 
 TpejjLW, TpotJiea) to tremble; Tpd(j.oi; trembling. Lat. terreo to terrify; 
 
 terror; tremo, trepido to tremble; tremor; te-ter [causing shiver], fright- 
 ful, disgusting. A. S. thracian to fear (tapaxi^) '< Goth, thlahsyan 
 
 to terrify; A. S. thrdvan to whirl, hurl; Eng. throb, thrum, strum, 
 drum; O. N. thrasa to rage; thrymr bow, din, battle; stormr storm; 
 
 straumr stream. O. R. trensan to shake; trensa-se to tremble; R. 
 
 tryasti, tryakhnut to shake; tryaska a start; trusit to fear; strashit to 
 scare; strakh terror; trepetat to tremble (caus. of tplw); stremitsya to 
 
 rush, make an effort; Lith. trimu to tremble. Ir. {tarsacK\, tarrach 
 
 timid; Bret, trepikal to tremble; trousial to roar, be tempestuous; 
 O. C. A-tressus, A-trextus; Trasius, Trausius, Tarasonius (terrible); 
 Tarusco monster, dragon; Tarsius; Trasimenus ruffled brightness 
 (menn). 
 
— 333 — 
 
 Sk. trih, trinh to hurl, whirl; triksh to go [round]; tarkus spindle; 
 
 Irish to be [wrung out, dry], thirsty; to thirst; trish, tarshas thirst. 
 
 Zd. tarshna thirst. Gk. Tspuafvw to dry up, wipe up; tipao^m 
 
 to be dry, dried up, staunched; tpaaii kiln for corn, cheese, bricks, 
 dried figs; -rpacti, Totpodq, T«pp6<; flat basket for drying figs (p. 331); 
 Tiipixo? dried fish; tapixeuo) to dry, salt, mummy; tapxija) to bury 
 
 solemnly. Lat. [torseo], iorreo ([torstus], tostus) to dry, parch; torridus; 
 
 torris brand, torch; torrens mountain-stream dry in summer; tristis 
 
 [withered], grieved. Goth, ga-thatirsyan (O. H. G. [dorsen], dorrin) 
 
 to be dry; thaiirsus dry; thaiirsyan to thirst; thaiirstei thirst; O. N. 
 therra to dry; thurr dry; therrir staunching; therra towel; thurka to 
 
 dry thoroughly. R. treskat-sya to parch, split with drought; treska 
 
 [salt] cod. Ir. troscim to fast, be hungry, faint, afflicted; torsech 
 
 grieved; tirim dry, parched; tirma drought; tirad kiln for corn; tair, 
 tar dry; tart thirst; O. C. Tartarum drain, canal; Tartius, Tartonius 
 (wine-lover) . 
 
 Sk. strl (p.p. stirnas) to strew (p. 319); trl (farami, tatdra, terima 
 p.p. tirnas) to [hurl beyond], surpass, excel, go beyond, go across, 
 go through [intervening space]; reach goal, effect, fulfil; caus. tarayami 
 to send beyond, send away, set free; tar anas, taris ferry, boat; tarantas 
 sea; su-tarman easily-transporting; tarman [boundary-post], altar- 
 post; tiram [opposite] bank; tir to reach end, finish; tar as pressing 
 forward, speed; tiras beyond, across, through; [encircling, winding], 
 
 twisting, [boring]; anya-trd elsewhere. Zd. taro beyond, across. 
 
 Gk. TsptJia end, goal, aim, turning post, limit, object, prize, supremacy, 
 death; [from its cones] TepeiJiivOoi;, tEpe^ivBo? terebinth (p. 11); irlpGpov 
 
 end, peak; TspiJiuv boundary; Tctpa?, Tpofa goal, haven. Lat. termo, 
 
 terminus, Osc. teremenniu, Umbr. termnu land-mark, boundary, end; 
 Lat. termes point of branch, sprout; trans across, beyond, excelling; 
 trames cross-road, path across; [trams'], ira6^ cross-beam; trahea stripe 
 
 (cf. clavus) ; Umbr. traf across. Goth, thairh (O. H. G. durh) 
 
 through; thairko (0. H. G. derhQ) a boring [through]; tharhs bored; 
 0. Sax. thrimman to leap [across]; Goth, thramstei locust; O. N. thverr 
 opposite, across, athwart; thyrya to rush (taras); thyr slave (brisk); 
 thyrma to spare (tarayami); ihrom boundary, brim; thrci longing 
 [for the other side]; defiance [on boundary]; O. H. G. drum goal, end. 
 
 R. tarantas travelling wagon; tratit to use up, expend, waste. 
 
 Ir. tar, tairm^, dar, W. tra across, beyond, exceedingly; Ir. tairnge a nail, 
 spike ; tr6, tri, trem-, W. troi, trwy ; Cor. dre, Bret, dre, troi through ; Bret. 
 tr6 across; Ir. trdethaim to surpass, conquer; tracht, trdg, W. traeth, 
 Bret, treith, traez [opposite] shore; Ir. trethan sea; foot (leaper); Bret. 
 
— 334 — 
 
 tremein to cross, leap over, surpass; tremen passage, crossing over; 
 trez crossing, cross-road; treh ferry, ferry-boat; O. C. tre-, in- beyond, 
 exceedingly {trhs) ; Tre-viri very heroic ; Tri-novantes, Trinobantes 
 sailing across (the channel) ; Tri-santon much desired ; Tri-casses very 
 glorious; Termes, Termentia; Termunes (deities); Tramus, Tramiliacus; 
 Tranto; tarinca spike, nail (Ir. inga, p. 29). 
 
 Sk. iri, trayas [beyond two], three; tritiyas third; tris thrice. Zd. 
 
 thri; thritya; thris. Gk. Tpei?; Tpko?; xpiq. Lat. tres; tertius; ter. 
 
 Goth, threis; ihridya. O. R. tri; ireiii three, third; Lith. irys; 
 
 treUas. Ir. tri three; W. trydydd third. 
 
 Sk. strl to scatter round; tri to hurl across, bore through; tittiris 
 [whirling] partridge (cf. 8pTu| p. 201); taras, [tarvas\ speed; tvar to 
 [hurl, whirl], speed; caus. to incite, goad; tur, tur to speed, dart; 
 turnas swift ; \tarv\, tarb to go [round] ; turv, ihurv to be violent ; taralas 
 
 veering. Gk. Tspeco to bore, pierce, turn on lathe; Tsipaivw to bore; 
 
 •ciTpucjxw to wound; Tefpu, Tpuu, Tpu^w. ['^ptfw], TpJ^w to rub round 
 (flint-working), rub through, grind, wear out; Tpi^oq pathway; Tpuxo;, 
 Tpf^uv worn garment; versute, skilled; TpOiJia hole, bore; Topew, 
 Topeuw to bore, hollow, work in repoussd; Topd? piercing, shrill; 
 •cdpvoi; compasses, turner's chisel, circle; T(5p[i.oi; nave of wheel, socket; 
 •clpexpov auger; TpauXd? lisping (balbus, p. 191); "cpij^Xiov cup, bowl 
 {tarb); [tup/y)], Tup^-r; whirling dance, confusion, disorder; xuppctl^u, 
 OTUp^ai^u to stir up, be turbid, revel; Topuvir) stirrer, masher; d-Tpuvu 
 to stir up, goad; TpuiavT) scale, balance; Tpiiuv god of sea (circular 
 horizon) ; TpiiroYeveia Athene (sprung from vault of heaven) ; [causat. 
 form] tpuxdw to bore ; xpuicavov fire-drill; auger; Tpd?Y)^ stake, pike, beam; 
 •cpdxo? turn, shape, fashion, manner; xspi-a-Tspd dove (circling). 
 
 Lat. tero to rub, wear out; teres (-etis) rubbed smooth, rounded, 
 
 polished; truta trout; tur -tur dove; triticum wheat; trua wooden-bowl; 
 stirrer; trulla bowl, drill; terebra auger; ieredo wood-worm; torno to 
 
 turn on lathe ; [turvo], turbo whirlwind ; turba crowd ; trabs beam. A. S. 
 
 thravan to twist, hurl, whirl; thredvan to be twisted, in throes; thveran 
 to whirl, thresh, smite; thvaere submissive; thvirill, flail, chum; thrdU 
 slave (grinding, drudging); thrillan to bore; throte throat, throttle; 
 O. N. fhverra to wear out, diminish, come to an end; thvara stir- 
 ring-stick; [redup.]; thi-dhur grouse (tittiris); throa-z to round out, 
 swell, grow; Goth, thaiirnus thorn; thairan to wear, rub; 0. H. G. 
 
 drayan to turn; dweran to stir, whirl. O. R. treiti, tr[v]iti to rub, 
 
 wear; trunu thorn; tetreivi, Lith. teterva grouse; R. teret to rub; travit 
 to roam, hunt; treba [assembly], ceremony (tribus) ; tvorit to form, create; 
 
— 335 — 
 
 stirat to wring, wash, bray; tarelka round dish; Lith. trinti to rub, 
 
 file. Ir. tMrim to roam; tur journey; tor crowd; tarr [rounded] 
 
 belly; torrach (Bret, torek) fat, pregnant; toras [grinding] exhaustion; 
 tarathar auger; torathor sprite, phantom; triliss waving hair; trtiaill 
 sword-edge; Bret, toreein to roll; tarererehhov'mg; tarh burrow (tariere, 
 terrier); troein to turn, change, become, curdle; tro circle, occasion, 
 time; curds; tra property, thing, utensil; truand rover, truant; (caus.) 
 stropein to twist off, mutilate; trempein to dip; sir ebhouilhet eddying; 
 W. trebou squadrons; O. C. Turones roamers (cf. p. 319); Tarronius. 
 
 Sk. strl to strew, whirl round, toss about; causative forms trup, 
 trump, truph, trumph to [hurl, shoot], wound, kill, [to flash out, glitter, 
 be eager] ; ist trip (tripydmi) , trimp, trimph to exhilarate, rejoice ; [forms 
 sihrip, dhrip], drip, drimp, drimph to flash, glitter, be joyful, proud, 
 wild; drip, driph, drimph to twist, injure (p. 283); trip, drip to [use 
 fire-drill], kindle ; drihh to tremble, fear; to gird, hind; drimp to collect; 
 2d, trip, trimp, triph, trimph to [round out], fill, satiate, feed, make 
 happy (melts with last form in idea of exhilaration) ; trapusam cucum- 
 ber (well-watered) ; 3d, trap (apa-trapate, vi-apa-trapate) to be [turned 
 away, put to flight, confused], ashamed; trapas shame; trapus tin 
 
 (flexible). Zd. ir4/a«^ nourishment. Gk. ist, axepox-r^, crxlpoi); flash> 
 
 flashing; STepdxY)!; lightning; dairpaxT^ lightning, flash (a euphon.); 
 dffTpotxTG), uTpdxTCi) to lighten, glitter, be radiant; aTfX^o) to glitter; 
 orfX^if) lamp, mirror; Tipitu to rejoice, delight, exhilarate; Ei-TpaxeXos 
 quick, merry, jocose, sarcastic; Opea^x^o? (dhrimph influenced by Va[i.§o<;) 
 hymn to Bacchus (Gplov) ; the simple idea of revolution is carried out 
 in ffTps(po) to twist, turn, revolve; (rrpsxTdq twisted; (STp6<^iko(; top, 
 vortex; aipagdi; squinting. 2d, xpicpci) (fut. Opli^u melts with dhrip 
 p. 324) to feed, feed child, bring up; xpoip-^food; Tptx-xdXsii.oi; [joyful 
 earth; compounded with tellus, talam p. 318]; budding earth, concealed 
 and quickened by Demeter under winter's ashes; xpu^iq luxury; 
 Tpuipoiu to be full fed, wanton; xpuipaXsia [wanton, horse's tail], plumed 
 helmet; xpaepepd? well-fed; solid, hard (attracted hy dhrip); xap^o? 
 [luxuriant] thicket; Tapipus dense; Sdpxvov supper (p. 325); 8dXxu to 
 bloom, be warm; to cherish, comfort, warm; 6aXxos heat, summer, pas- 
 sion; a wound (trup). 3d, xplxw, dxo-xpsxu to turn, turn away, put 
 to flight; Iv-TpExw to turn, put to shame; middle voice, to vacillate, 
 hesitate, feel shame, awe; xpaxew to [wring out, press], tread grapes; 
 
 Tpdxo? turn, way, habit; xpoxiq turning-point; defeat. Lat. strepo to 
 
 [whirl], rattle, be noisy; iripudium dance (xepx-xou?); triumpel dance! 
 stirps root, trunk (nourisher); tribuo to [feed], be generous, bestow 
 {triv p. 334) tribus stock, tribe (cf. daM = xXaSo(;; torpeo to coil up. 
 
— 336 — 
 
 hibernate, be lazy; iurpis sluggish, indolent; torpedo [lurking-spark], 
 
 cramp-fish (a't6ti), p. 1 2) ; torio whirlwind {turbap. 334) ; turma troop. ■ 
 
 O. H. G. streban to make an effort, be ambitious, strive; strifan to 
 wander, roam; 0. N. thrifia to snatch, seize; thrtfa to care for, nurture; 
 reflex, [thrtfa-se], ihrtfaz to thrive; thorf need (turpis; winter-want); 
 strup throat; A. S. stedrfan to starve, freeze; strypan, M. H. G. streifen 
 to strip (turbo) ; Goth, thraftsyan to be of good cheer; to cheer, exhort, 
 comfort (irosten) ; ihailrban to [coil up, hibernate], be needy; tharbs 
 needy; tharba, thatHrfts need; ihaHirp cultivated land (bountiful; tribus); 
 
 A. S. thorp, O. H. G. lior/ village ; Swiss dor/ assembly (turbo). R. 
 
 toropit to be eager, hasten; trebovat to demand; terpeit to suffer; trup 
 dead body ; truba trumpet (assembler ; cf. thut-haurn-p. 291) ; tolpa crowd; 
 
 Lith. tirpti to be stiff; tarpti to thrive. Ir. triam effort; triamain 
 
 tired ; tromm (W. trwtn, Cor. trom) , heavy (R. stremitsya; p. 332) ; trebaim 
 to till, dwell [tribus]; trebaire farmer; Bret, strimpein to sprinkle, 
 sparkle ; tolp crowd ; treb, Cor. tri a village ; W. trebou squadrons (roam- 
 ing; turba; p. 334); O. C. Trumplia, TrumpUni; Trippo; Stirpiacus 
 (12 in France); A-trebates; Trebonius; Treba-runa (mystic house- 
 mother) ; Con-trebia. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 Sk. kathinas round vessel, basket; compressed; p. 242; Lat. cassis 
 helmet, hunting net; caseus cheese; krig, krish to gnaw, p. 180; Lat. 
 crus shinbone. 
 
 Sk. ksharas flowing; vi-khur to dash, pour; garkara pebble; khar^ to 
 wash, wring out, vex, p. 166; Lat. cZoaca sewer; C/oaaMo Venus (vexing, 
 pining) ; Goth, skalks slave ; kalkinassus lust ; Ger. verschlingen, schluckm. 
 
 Sk.fo/}M6/i to brandish, thrust, p. 221; Gk.^dpo? (Aeol. uxtipo?) sword. 
 
 Sk. kshur to scrape, p. 161; Gk. cxtpo? stump, cheese-paring, rind, 
 callus, gypsum; redup. xdtp/apos sharp-toothed. 
 
 Sk. ghamb to circle, return, p. 225; Lith. gabenti to bring home 
 [game]; Goth, giban to be generous, give. 
 
 Sk. ghamb, hamm to go round, whirl round; A. S. gamen, 0. N. 
 gaman sport, joke, game; cf. spulen, spielen. 
 
 Sk. danv to circle; dhanvan bow, p. 289; Lat. [danva], damma, 
 dama [roving, startled] chamois. 
 
 Sk. nadas reed, rush, p. 25; nadl stem, gut; Ir. sndidmim to knot. 
 
 Sk. nand to be gracious, p. 25; Ir. snddim to patronize, protect. 
 
 Sk. nag (nashtas) to seize, p. 30; Lat. nassa net. 
 
— 337 — 
 
 Sk. mish to sprinkle, p. 94; Gk. i^uffi?, i».uffap<5<;, («ap(5<; defiled, 
 abominable; Lat. moestus tearful; moereo to mourn. 
 
 Sk. vishus brimming, circling, equal; vishuvam equinox, p. 268; 
 E5p'/uo6ei5q wide circle, autumnal equinox; Heracles (like CuchuUin, 
 p. 310) is begotten at midwinter when nights are doubly long, and 
 his birth is delayed until after the equinox, which forces him through 
 his winter woes; at yule he conquers Cerberus (Midgard serpent with 
 three heads for heaven, earth, and hell ; cf . Thor's fishing, H^miskv. 
 22, when he brings up the Midgard serpent, and wins the kettle — 
 ocean, world- rim — of Hymir, Ymir, or Yamas; p. 109); Eurystheus 
 hides under kettle; Cuchullin lifts the round palace of Bricriu to let in 
 the moon and stars; he loses his right hand like Tyr (p. 295). 
 
 Sk. garb, gharb to [pounce], p. 143; Xapu^Stq; Goth, graban to 
 scratch, dig; greipan to grip. 
 
 Sk. fan to whet, make keen, bright, p. 234; O.N. hannar skilful; 
 Hoenir clearing sky, hostage of Nyordhr the north-wind and friend of 
 Loki the northern-light; Ir. con bright, pure; conn keeimess, sense; 
 0. C. Conanus, Concani, Connachtae. 
 
 Sk. giras head, p. 158; Lat. eras = Ki(faXti^, rising sun, Morgen, 
 morrow. 
 
 Sk. si to bind, p. 218; Ir. simin rush; seimin reed, pipe (v. nadas, 
 p. 136). 
 
 Sk. sri to cause to approach, p. 152; Lat. exero to bring forward, 
 draw forth; O. R. sulu ambassador; sulati to send. 
 
 Sk. sel to melt, flow, p. 163 ; Ir. silim to drip, pour; silaim to gener- 
 ate ; sil, siol offspring, seed. 
 
 Sk. svani to embrace, wrap; (ikhd quivering crest; kopas bud, 
 sheath, p. 253; Bret, keijein to stir, mix; koachein to wrap up, cacher; 
 koahein to press, diminish; keh shivering, poor; Fr. coque, cache. 
 
 Gk. "A-S[ji,YiTOi; invincible end of day and summer (p. 294; cf. 
 Ferdiad, p. 295; Yamas, p. 109); he wins hours from the shortening 
 days of autumn; Apollo has to feed his starry sheep in the under- 
 world (cf. Argos, p. 136); his wife, Alcestis (nature, cf. Pluto and 
 Persephone) descends to Hades and is restored by Heracles. 
 
 Gk. [uaaefpw], deipw to hang high, whirl, revolve, p. 151; Ir. serr 
 restive, curvetting, shy, proud; serrach colt; [seria, ser-dag], serda 
 scythed chariot; Bret, herrus impatient, eager; O.C. Serotinus, Sero- 
 tennum; serracum large-wheeled wagon. 
 
 Gk. i-cliJi^w, TiixTU to injure, strike, pp. 311, 315; A. S. stedpan to 
 harm, deprive; step-father. 
 
 Sk. sa^ to follow, drag after, p. 257; Gk. l<syiaxoc. last; SxcJtepo?, 
 ^xaoTos one by one, either, each. 
 
— 338 — 
 
 Sk. viJS, vi^, vish to twist, whirl, scatter, p. 267; Gk. eVxw to yield; 
 ijx.t(JTO<; worst; TX-iyyo? vertigo; Lat. vert-igo; cer-vix. 
 
 Gk. KciaffavSpa; Sk. kds to shine, p. 253; Uandras moon; the waning 
 moon, forsaking the advancing sun and foretelling the day. 
 
 Gk. KXuirattJiviQaTpa great remembrancer; night, mindful of her 
 hour; counterpart of Agamemnon (p. 80); she slays him in revenge 
 for their daughter, the day star (p. 5), and loves Aegistheus (p. 108); 
 is slain by the day star Orestes (p. 137). 
 
 Gk. xulw to swell, p. 252; Lat. red up. cacumen summit. 
 
 Gk. xuXfo) to roll, p. 171; Lat. caelum sky; [caeluleus], caeruleus 
 blue. 
 
 Gk. Xwrds [eagerly snatched, devoured] clover, lotus; Sk. lut to 
 whirl; luth, lunt to snatch, steal; lot to be mad (p. 148). 
 
 Gk. Xdipoi; mound, ridge, p. 139; Ir. sMab mountain. 
 
 Gk. (StoJo) to [sweep away], marry; with p. 219; cf. O.N. brudhr, 
 p. 69. 
 
 Gk. i:{(x.:cXT)[i.t to fill, p. 60; x([JLicpir)(xi to fill with wind, distend, burst, 
 flash, lighten; xpriaTiQp bellows, lighting; icpi^Gw to blow, swell, blaze. 
 
 Gk. rietpWoo? swift attempt, tempt the gods; early spring, frozen 
 buds, p. 67; Otjseus lawful spring, saved by the sun's advance; ©ijasu;, 
 as solar deity and establishing hero, originates in dhiis to shine, [dhvesh], 
 dvesh to [move obliquely], attracted by il%-(\\).\, to create, found. 
 
 Gk. po9l(i) to snatch, lick, swallow; aupipeTo? dregs, crowd, p. 143; 
 Goth, af-svairban to wipe off; O. N. sverfa to file off; M. H. G. swerben 
 to roam, pillage, swerve ; A. S. svearmian to swarm. 
 
 Gk. Epxd) to glide, steal, p. 142; [ajpuxao) to slip, slop, be slimy, 
 filthy. 
 
 Gk. ceijo) to whirl; (jou? whirling up, p. 211; Ir. slkis, «ias, ds up, 
 over; uissi lark; fuasnaim to whirl; siiist flail; sis down; iss, issel 
 below; uisse humble (cf. super, subter, p. 221). 
 
 Gk. afpatov [sun-dried], evaporated, boiled-down must, p. 153. 
 
 Gk. (soi^6<; spongy, floating, p. 220; Lat. suber cork (net-float). 
 
 Lat. [harea], area enclosure, threshing-floor; with hara, p. 178. 
 
 Lat. avus grandfather, p. 206; redup. [avavus], abavus grandfather's 
 grandfather. 
 
 Lat. vilis swampy, low, p. 193; filia river-bed; ilia groin; ilex 
 swamp-oak; bilis bile. 
 
 Lat. pango to grip (p. 40); [paxae], passae [pomace], raisins; cf. 
 <yza<fl<;, p. 311. 
 
 Lat. [pavrus], parvus little, p. 37; parum but little, too Httle. 
 
 Lat. paveo to tremble, cower, p. 37; papaver; pauper [shivering], 
 poor (cf. xTw/d?). 
 
— 339 — 
 
 Lat. ravis open mouthed, p. 120; [revis], reus bloody-mouthed, 
 red-handed, guilty. 
 
 La.t. solus alone; servus possession, slave, p. 154; Goth. si76o, Fries. 
 selva, Dan. selv self; W. helu (Z. 1053), Ir. selb possession (cf. delb, 
 p. 298). 
 
 Ir. inga nail, claw, p. 29; taifnge spike; ingar anchor; iMgor [clutch J, 
 oppression, woe; O.C. tar-inca spike; Bod-encus deep anchorage, p. 
 50; ilgcd'jncMwi opposite the anchorage; Aqu-incum. 
 
Index. 
 
 341 
 
SANSKRIT. 
 
 Figures in heavy type express the chief reference or preferable 
 
 derivation. 
 
 a- an- 13. 
 
 ans I, 2, 3. 
 
 an9as, ansas i, 2, 3. 
 
 aiigalas i. 
 
 angus i, 3, 190. 
 
 anguka 2. 
 
 ahgumant i, 3. 
 
 ansas, ansam i. 
 
 ansalas i. 
 
 anhas i, 3. 
 
 ahhus I, 3, s, 6. 
 
 anhri i, 4, 5. 
 
 aksh I, 2, 3. 
 
 akshan i, 8. 
 
 akshas i. 
 
 ag, ak I, 3, 4. 
 
 agnis I, 6. 
 
 agra 5. 
 
 agru4. 
 
 agh I, 3. 
 
 agha I, 3. 
 
 ankas 3,4. 
 
 ankura 5. 
 
 ang I. 
 
 angam i, 3. 
 
 angaras i, 3. 
 
 angulis 4. 
 
 angh I, 5. 
 
 anghri i, 4, S- 
 
 a^ I, 5- 
 
 a^as (driver) 5. 
 
 a^as (goat) 6. 
 
 a|iras 5. 
 
 a^man 5. 
 
 a|ras 5, 6. 
 
 anki, 5,8. 
 
 ankh i. 
 
 an^ I, 3, s, 6, 8. 
 an|;alis 3. 
 at 10, II, 14. 
 atavi 10. 
 att 10, II, 14. 
 attalas 10. 
 ath 10, 14. 
 ad 10, II. 
 add 10, 16. 
 an 10, II, 12, 13. 
 anth 10, II, 14, 16. 
 andas 10, 11. 
 at xo. 
 atasas 10. 
 ati 10, 14, 15. 
 atta 10, II. 
 ad 10, II. 
 adanam 11. 
 adas 10. 
 adman 11. 
 adya 10. 
 adharas 10. 
 adhi 10, 14, 16. 
 an- 13. 
 
 an 10, 12, 13, 14. 
 anilas 10, 12. 
 anikas 12, 108. 
 anu 10, 13. 
 antar 10, 14. 
 antaras 14, 15. 
 antara 14. 
 antas 10, 14. 
 anti 15. 
 antikas 15. 
 an tram 14. 
 andhas (blind) 10, 12. 
 andhas (food) 10, 11. 
 343 
 
 anyas 13. 
 
 anyatra 13, 333. 
 
 ap 16. 
 
 apa 16. 
 
 aparas 16. 
 
 api- 16. 
 
 apnas (possession) 17. 
 
 apnas (water) 16, 19. 
 
 abhi 16, 18. 
 
 abhitas 18. 
 
 abhr 16. 
 
 abhram 16, 19. 
 
 am 16, 19, 20, 21. 
 
 ama 21. 
 
 amas (time) 21. 
 
 amas (raw) 20. 
 
 amatis 16, 21. 
 
 amatram 21. 
 
 amritas 95. 
 
 amb (to move) 16, 19, 
 
 20. 
 amb (to sound) 16, 
 
 20. 
 ambakam 16, 19. 
 ambaram 16, 19. 
 amba 16, 20. 
 ambu 16, 19. 
 ambh 20. 
 ambhas 16, 19. 
 ambhrinas 19, 20 bis. 
 ammayas 16, 19. 
 amras 20. 
 amlas 20. 
 ayas 107. 
 ayasmayas 107. 
 ar 119. 
 aras 113, 115. 
 
344 — 
 
 SANSKRIT 
 
 aranyas 113. 
 
 aratis 113. 
 
 aratnis 115. 
 
 aram 113, 115 bis. 
 
 aralas 115. 
 
 aris 113, 117. 
 
 aritras 119. 
 
 arunas 117. 
 
 arus 113, 117. 
 
 ark 122, 136, 137. 
 
 arkas 122, 137. 
 
 argalas 135. 
 
 argh 122, 130, 131. 
 
 argham 131. 
 
 arghyas 131. 
 
 ark 122, 131. 
 
 arkis 122, 136, 137. 
 
 arg; 122, 130. 
 
 ar^unas 136. 
 
 arth 113 bis, 115. 
 
 arthas 113, 115, 202. 
 
 ard 201. 
 
 ardhas 202. 
 
 arpayitum 137. 
 
 arpanas 137. 
 
 arb 113, 117. 
 
 arbhas 138. 
 
 aryaman 113. 
 
 arv 113, 117, 119. 
 
 arvan 117, 208. 
 
 arh 122, 131. 
 
 arhas 131. 
 
 al 113, 116. 
 
 alakas 116. 
 
 alam 113. 
 
 alus 113, 116 bis. 
 
 algas 128. 
 
 alpas 141. 
 
 av (to pant, be eager) 
 
 13, 205 bis, 207. 
 av (to guard) 205, 
 
 206. 
 ava 207. 
 avaras 208. 
 avajas 260. 
 avaras 208. 
 avis (favorable) 205. 
 avis (sheep) 206. 
 avyas 206. 
 aj (to attain) 3, 6. 
 ag (to eat) i, 3. 
 
 ajan 6. 
 
 ajanis i, 6, 7, 8. 
 
 agman 5, 8. 
 
 agmantam 8. 
 
 agmasaras 8, 88. 
 
 agram 7. 
 
 agris 7. 
 
 agru 7. 
 
 agvas 7. 
 
 Agvin 7, 36, S3, 117, 
 
 149. 
 ash I. 
 ashis I. 
 ashtau 3. 
 as (to hurl) i, 2, 6, 9, 
 
 10. 
 as (to shine) i, 2, 8, 9. 
 as (to exist) i , 9. 
 asi I, 2. 
 asus 9. 
 asuy 9. 
 asri^, asram 7 . 
 asthi, asthan i. 
 astam 11. 
 asmat 8. 
 astram 2, 9. 
 ah I, s, 8. 
 ahan, ahas i, 3, 8. 
 aham i, 8. 
 ahis I, 3, 5. 
 
 a 17. 
 aku 235. 
 akhu 3. 
 agas 3, 108. 
 a|is 5. 
 atis II. 
 atman 12. 
 adaras 320. 
 adis 16. 
 aditas 16. 
 adyas 11. 
 ananam 9, 12. 
 ap 16, 17, 32. 
 apas 16, 19. 
 aptas 16, 17. 
 amas 19, 20, 21. 
 ami sham 92. 
 ayatas no. 
 ayavanam in. 
 ayasas 107. 
 
 a.yvLS 208. 
 aranyakas 119. 
 aratis 119. 
 aratis 11.3. 
 aramas 119. 
 ardras 202. 
 aryas 113 bis. 
 avaranam 189, 
 avis 207. 
 agas 3. 
 aga 3. 
 
 agus I, 5, 6. 
 ashtram 3. 
 as (to sit) 9. 
 as (mouth) 9. 
 asas 2, 6, 9. 
 asan 9. 
 asanam 9. 
 asyam 9. 
 ah I, 8. 
 
 i 104, 105. 
 
 ikh I, 5, 104. 
 
 inkh I, 5, 108. 
 
 ingitam 108. 
 
 ikh I, 5, 106. 
 
 it 10, IS, 104. 
 
 itaras 11, 15. 
 
 itas II, 15. 
 
 iti II, 15. 
 
 ittham 11, 15. 
 
 idam 11, 15. 
 
 idh, indh 10, 12, 104. 
 
 idhmas 12. 
 
 inas 10, 12. 
 
 ind 10, 12. 
 
 Indras 10, 12. 
 
 indhanam 12. 
 
 ibhas 19, 21. 
 
 ibhyas 19, 21. 
 
 imv 16, 21. 
 
 ira 114. 
 
 il 104, 114, IIS- 
 
 iva 208. 
 
 ish 104, 106, 108. 
 
 ishika 106. 
 
 ishus 106. 
 
 i 104. 
 
 iksh I bis. 
 
 inkh I, s, 104, 108. 
 
SANSKRIT 
 
 — 345 — 
 
 i^.in^i.S, 104, io8. 
 
 id 10, 12, 104. 
 
 Ir 37, 104, 113, 114, 
 
 119. 
 irkshy, irshy 104, 137. 
 Irmas 113 bis. 
 15 104, 106, 108. 
 ish 104, 106. 
 ih 104, 106, 108. 
 
 unh 3, 260, 267. 
 
 uksh 204, 260, 267. 
 
 ukshan 267. 
 
 ukh (to go) 259, 267. 
 
 ukh (to dry) 260, 267. 
 
 ukha 267, 269 bis. 
 
 ugras 259, 263. 
 
 uk 260, 264, 267. 
 
 ukkas 259. 
 
 ukh (to bind) 45, 260, 
 
 267. 
 ukh (to dwell) 259, 
 
 26s. 
 unkh 260, 267. 
 uth 271. 
 ut, ud 75, 272, 276, 
 
 278. 
 utava 276. 
 uttamas 276, 278. 
 utsas 276. 
 
 ud, und 205, 272, 276. 
 udaram 276, 277. 
 -udras 276. 
 upa 219, 221. 
 upari 221. 
 upalas 218. 
 ubh, umbh 16, 19, 21. 
 ubhau 16, 18. 
 um 20. 
 urus 189. 
 urd 202. 
 
 urvii3,ii7, 119, 190. 
 ulukas 195. 
 ulka 199. 
 ullolas 190. 
 ulvam 190. 
 ugant 260. 
 
 ush 45, 204, 259, 270. 
 ushas 270. 
 usras 270. 
 
 udhas 272, 276. 
 Unas 262. 
 uy 203, 217. 
 urus 117, 189. 
 ur^ 198. 
 ur^a 122, 198. 
 urnam 189. 
 urmis 189. 
 ush 259, 270. 
 uh 260, 269 bis. 
 
 ri 27, 54> 95. 112- ii3 
 bis, 117, 153, 197. 
 
 riksh 113, 121, 122, 
 124, 132, 137, 199. 
 
 rikshas 121, 122. 
 
 rik 121, 130, 135, 136. 
 
 ri^i2i, 122, 130. 
 
 ri^us 121, 130. 
 
 rin 197. 
 
 ritii3, 144. 
 
 ritas 113, 115, 144. 
 
 ritisii3,iis, 144- 
 ritu- 113, IIS, 144. 
 
 145- 
 ridh 202. 
 riph, rimph 113, 138, 
 
 140 bis, 196. 
 ribhus 25, 137, 138, 
 
 140, 141. 
 rish 113, 118, 121, 
 
 122, 131. 
 rishabhas 198. 
 rishis 122. 
 
 ekas 64, 208, 209. 
 e^ 6, 104, 108. 
 eth 10, 12. 
 edas 10, 12. 
 edh 10, II. 
 edhas xo, 11, 12. 
 etas 10, 12. 
 edh 10. 
 eva 208 bis. 
 evas 207, 208. 
 
 okas 259, 265. 
 
 okh 267, 269. 
 
 5^ 263. 
 
 o^as 260, 263, 269 bis. 
 
 oghas 263, 269. 
 
 otus 271, 273. 
 
 6m 20. 
 
 oshtas 260, 270. 
 
 Aurvas 117. 
 
 kang, kanS2 58. 
 
 kak 254. 
 
 kakkh 255. 
 
 kak, kanK 254, 258. 
 
 ka^ 255. 
 
 kat 242. 
 
 katas 242. 
 
 katakas 242. 
 
 kathinas 242, 336. 
 
 kan 251. 
 
 kantakas 246. 
 
 kanth 246. 
 
 kand 205, 246. 
 
 kataras 15, 258. 
 
 katth 247. 
 
 kath 247. 
 
 kad 246. 
 
 kan 234, 247. 
 
 kand 247, 251. 
 
 kapalam 225. 
 
 kapis (incense) 203, 
 
 219, 222. 
 kapis (ape) 223. 
 kapotas 224. 
 kam 223, 224, 227. 
 kamp 203, 223 bis, 
 
 225 bis. 
 kambalas 204, 219, 
 
 224. 
 kambus 219, 224, 225. 
 karankas 172. 
 karanas 167. 
 karabhas 168. 
 karkagas 166, 172. 
 kar^ 172. 
 karn 161. 
 kartt 161, 174. 
 kard 174. 
 karparas 168, 169. 
 karb 143. 
 karman 167. 
 karv 155. 
 
 kal 15s, 160 bis, 170. 
 kalakalas 155. 
 kalabhas 143. 
 
— 346 — 
 
 SANSKRIT 
 
 kalagas 172. 
 
 kalpas 168. 
 
 kalyas 160, 170. 
 
 kalyam 170. 
 
 kav 235. 
 
 kas, kash 204, 257, 
 
 258. 
 kas 258. 
 kahsyam 258. 
 kakus 255. 
 kanksh 256. 
 kankanas 258. 
 kantas 227. 
 kayas 236. 
 kara 161. 
 kal 155. 
 kalas 160. 
 kalakas 160. 
 kas, kas 253, 338. 
 ki 233, 235. 
 kingarus 253. 
 kinkini 253. 
 kit 233 bis. 
 kil 159. 
 kit 242. 
 kiias 159, 170. 
 ku, ku, kai 241, 252, 
 
 253- 
 kuns 241, 253. 
 kuk 43, 241, 253. 
 kutis 242. 
 kut, kutt 242. 
 kun 251. 
 kunth 246. 
 kund (to burn) 246, 
 
 247. 
 kund (to guard) 205, 
 
 242. 
 kunth 246. 
 kup 222. 
 kupyas 221, 223. 
 kumaras 224. 
 kumb 224 bis. 
 kumbhas 224. 
 kumbhilas 224. 
 kur 155. 
 kurd 174. 
 kul 155, 170. 
 kulam 170. 
 kug (to embrace) 253. 
 kus(to flash) 216, 253. 
 
 kufulas 253. 
 
 kuh 253. 
 
 kud 248. 
 
 kup 224 bis. 
 
 kul 170. 
 
 kri (to make) 160, 
 
 167, 168. 
 kri (to wound) 161. 
 krikanas 180. 
 krit 161. 
 kritis 167. 
 krittis 161. 
 krip 168. 
 kripanas 168. 
 krig 176, 179, 180, 
 
 336. 
 krishi76, 179,336. 
 kri (to pour) 165, 167, 
 
 '168. 
 kri (to wound) 159, 
 
 160, 161. 
 kn (to know) 167. 
 krit 167. 
 klip 168, 169 ter. 
 ket 233. 
 
 kel 150, 160 bis. 
 kev 235. 
 kokilas 253. 
 kolas 170. 
 kogas 253, 337. 
 knans 237. 
 knath 237. 
 knas 238. 
 knu 237, 238, 241. 
 knuy 237. 
 kmar 224. 
 krakakas 179. 
 krath, klath 161. 
 krand, kland 174. 
 kram 168, 170. 
 kravyam 165. 
 kri 153. 
 krunk 172. 
 krunth 176. 
 krug 156, 180. 
 kraunkas 180. 
 klap 168. 
 klam 168. 
 klid 174. 
 kvan 251. 
 kvel 150, 160. 
 
 kshan^ 258. 
 kshan 205, 235. 
 kshap 203, 219, 221. 
 ksham 204, 227, 229. 
 kshamas 204, 227, 
 
 229. 
 kshama 204, 227, 229. 
 kshamp 203, 223, 227. 
 kshayas 236. 
 kshar 134, 162, 166. 
 kshal 134, 150, 162, 
 
 166, 170, 233, 234, 
 
 23s, bis. 
 kshatras 246. 
 kshi, kshi, kshai (to 
 
 destroy) 204. 
 kshi, kshiv (to dwell) 
 
 204, 233, 235. 
 kship 203, 219, 221. 
 kshiv, kshiv 233, 235. 
 kshu 233, 241. 
 kshud 246, 247. 
 kshudh 24s, 246, 248 
 kshubh 203, 219, 221. 
 kshur 160, 161, 172. 
 kshepas 219. 
 Jcshnu 234, 237. 
 kshmil 83, 224. 
 kshvid 214 bis. 
 kshvel 150, 160 bis, 
 
 164. 
 
 khakkh 255. 
 
 khak (to be strong) 
 
 258. 
 khak (to bind) 253. 
 kha^ 253, 258. 
 khan^ 253, 258. 
 khatt 242, 243. 
 khad 205, 246, 247. 
 khand 205, 231, 245, 
 
 246. 
 khan 205, 235. 
 kham 212, 230, 244. 
 khamb 219, 225, 227. 
 kharas 160, 166. 
 khar^ 172, 336. 
 kharv 155, 170. 
 kharvas 161, 172. 
 khal 155, 170. 
 khalas 166. 
 
SANSKIUT 
 
 347 — 
 
 khalu^ 1 60. 
 khav 203, 212. 
 khad 205, 245. 
 khit, khet 205, 234, 
 
 246 bis. 
 khid 205, 246. 
 khilas 173. 
 khu 241. 
 khud 242. 
 khund, khod 246. 
 khur 150, 160, 161, 
 
 172. 
 khel 150, 160, 173. 
 khev 212. 
 khai (to destroy) 233, 
 
 234- 
 khai (to be solid) 236 
 
 bis. 
 khod 246. 
 khya 233, 235. 
 
 gan 238. 
 
 gandas 244 bis, 246 
 
 bis. 
 gatis 240. 
 gad 246. 
 gandhas 246. 
 gabhas 226. 
 gam (to go) 203, 219, 
 
 223. 
 gam (earth) 229. 
 gambhiras 224, 226. 
 gargaras 187. 
 garii8o, 184, 185. 
 garbhas 188. 
 garv 184, 186. 
 garh 180, 184, 185. 
 gal 181, 183. 
 galas 183. 
 galbh 184. 
 gallas 183. 
 gah 240. 
 ga 219, 240. 
 gadh 243, 245. 
 gah 240. 
 giris 184. 
 
 gu 230, 241, 242, 252. 
 gu^, gun^ 241. 
 gudas 243. 
 gunas 238. 
 gunth 243. 
 
 gudh 243. 
 
 gup 224, 225. 
 
 gur, gurv iss, 184, 
 
 186 bis, 187. 
 gurus 184, 186. 
 guh 240. 
 gri (to sprinkle) 177, 
 
 180. 
 gri (to wake) 186. 
 gri dh 177 bis, 188. 
 griham 185. 
 gri (to devour) 177, 
 
 184 ter, 187, 188. 
 gri (to cry) 177, 185 
 
 bis, 186. 
 gev 240. 
 gai 240. 
 
 go, gaus (cow) 242. 
 gaus (light) 240. 
 gauras 182. 
 granth 174. 
 gras 177 bis. 
 grab, glah 177, 180, 
 
 184 bis. 
 gramas 184, 187. 
 gravan 187. 
 griva 186. 
 gruK, gluK 184, 185. 
 glai 177, 180, 181, 
 
 183. 
 
 gha, gha 8. 
 ghansh, ghans 230. 
 ghaggh 255. 
 ghat, ghatt 240, 243, 
 
 245- 
 
 ghan 230, 238. 
 ghamb 203, 219, 223, 
 
 225, 336 bis. 
 gharb 143, 337. 
 gharmas 177, 180 bis. 
 ghas 242. 
 ghin237, 238, 245. 
 ghu 230, 240, 241, 
 
 252. 
 ghush 230, 241. 
 ghurn 176, 183, 184, 
 
 187. 
 ghri 176, 180, 181 ter, 
 
 182. 
 ghrin 176, 180, 182. 
 
 ghrinas 178. 
 ghrish 176, 180. 
 ghrishtis 176, 180 bis, 
 
 183.' 
 ghoras 183. 
 ghra 177, 183. 
 
 Ka 237. 
 
 Kakram 171, 172. 
 
 kaksh 258. 
 
 kakshus 253. 
 
 Kank 253. 
 
 kan^ 253. 
 
 kat, kut, kunt 246, 
 
 247. 
 kan (to sound) 251. 
 kan, kan, Kand (to 
 
 kill) 205, 235,' 246. 
 Kat,kad 247, 248. 
 katuras 248. 
 katvaras 248. 
 kan 235, 246. 
 kand 205, 245, 247. 
 kap, kamp 203, 219, 
 
 223, 224 bis, 225, 
 
 227. 
 kay 232, 233, 235. 
 kayas 236. 
 
 karis5, 160, 167, 172. 
 kark (to repeat) 170, 
 
 172. 
 kark (to revile) 180, 
 
 184, 185. 
 karman 161. 
 karya 160. 
 kal.kull 155, 160, i66, 
 
 170, 172, 173. 
 kay 236. 
 
 ki 233, 236, 237, 242. 
 kit, kint 233 bis, 236. 
 kitras 233. 
 kil 171, 173. 
 kib 224, 225, 236. 
 kibh 223. 
 
 kiy,kiv233, 236, 242. 
 kut, kunt, kun 246. 
 kut, kyut 230, 232. 
 kud 205, 246. 
 kund 246. 
 
 kup 219, 223, 224 bis. 
 kumb 219. 
 
— 348- 
 
 SANSKRIT 
 
 Kur 1 60. 
 
 Kull 160. 
 
 Kum 161, i6S- 
 
 kush 242. 
 
 Kesht 242. 
 
 Kyu 232, 233 bis, 235. 
 
 Kyus 232. 
 
 khagas 258. 
 khad 242. 
 Khandas 247. 
 khard 174. 
 Ichalas 170, 173. 
 Khallis 173. 
 Ichavis 235. 
 Khid 205, 245, 247- 
 khut 242, 245, 246, 
 
 247- 
 khup 22s. 
 khur 161, 165, 166, 
 
 336- 
 kho 234. 
 
 ^aksh 242, 251. 
 gjaghanas 251. 
 lag:, ^an^ 251. 
 ^at 243. 
 ^atharas 243. 
 ^adas 243. 
 fan 237, 239. 
 ^anas 239. 
 |ani, ^ani 239. 
 ^anyas 239. 
 ^ap 222. 
 
 g;abh,^ambh 224, 226. 
 g;am., ^ham 224, 226, 
 
 227. 
 ^am (wife) 227. 
 ^ambhas 226. 
 ^arant 187. 
 g;arayus 187. 
 §ark, ^hark 184, 185. 
 ^ar^aras 184, 187. 
 ^alam 183. 
 |alas 183. 
 |alp 184. 
 
 gash, ^hash 251, 258. 
 gagarmi 186. 
 |atis 239. 
 ^anu 238. 
 ^amatri 227. 
 
 ^i 240. 
 
 ^inv 240, 241. 
 
 ^im 227. 
 
 ^ish 230. 
 
 Jirnis 184. 
 
 ^Iv 241. 
 
 iud 243. 
 
 g:ut, ^yut 230, 240. 
 
 ^ush 230, 242. 
 
 gu 230, 242. 
 
 ^ur 184. 
 
 ^ush 230. 
 
 g;ri 186. 
 
 |ribh, ^rimbh 177, 
 
 ' 184, 188 bis. 
 gTi, ^hrii77, 181,184, 
 
 187, 188. 
 ^na 237, 238. 
 g;ya 240. 
 
 ^yu 232, 240, 241. 
 ^yut 233, 240. 
 ^ri 187. 
 
 ^var 177, 181, 183. 
 ^val 177, 181, 183. 
 
 ^hala 177, 181, 182. 
 
 tank 280, 305. 
 tankas 280, 302. 
 tal, tval 281, 316. 
 •tik,tik, tauk 303, 304. 
 tittibhas 291. 
 
 tip 313- 
 tauk 304. 
 
 dap, dimbh, dumbh 
 
 28i,'3i3. 
 damb, dip, dimb 281, 
 
 313- 
 di 279, 296. 
 dval 297. 
 dholas 300. 
 dhauk 303. 
 
 tans 280, 301, 302. 
 tak (to be swift) 304. 
 tak, tank (to suffer) 
 
 280, 305. 
 takus 304. 
 takman 301. 
 taksh 280, 302. 
 
 takshan 280, 302. 
 tank, tank (to go 
 round) 280, 301, 
 
 303- 
 tank (to squeeze) 280, 
 
 301. 303. 305- 
 tan^ 303, 305. 
 tat, tad, tand 279, 
 
 291. 
 tat 9, 283, 286. 
 tatas 286. 
 tattvam 283, 286. 
 tatra 286. 
 tathyas 283, 286. 
 tada 286. 
 tan 279, 287, 288. 
 tanayas 288. 
 tanus 279, 288. 
 tantus, tantras 279, 
 
 288. 
 tantr 288, 289. 
 tap 281, 313, 314. 
 tarn 314. 
 tamas 281. 
 tamisram 314. 
 tamb 281, 311, 314 
 
 bis. 
 tay, tay 279, 292, 301. 
 taranas 333. 
 taras 333, 334. 
 tarasam 331. 
 tarus 282, 322, 331. 
 tarunas, talunas 282, 
 
 331- 
 tark 329, 330. 
 tarkus 330. 
 tar^ 283, 329, 330. 
 tard 282, 326. 
 tarb 332, 334. 
 tarman 333. 
 tal 281, 315. 
 talas 10, 281, 316. 
 talunas 282, 331. 
 talpas 316. 
 tavas 286. 
 tashtri 302. 
 tas 280, 303. 
 taskaras 303. 
 tatas 286. 
 tapas 281. 
 tamaram 281, 314. 
 
SANSKRIT 
 
 349 — 
 
 tamras 314. 
 
 tara 318. 
 
 talu 281. 
 
 tik, tig, tik 280, 304 
 
 bis. 
 tikshas 280. 
 tigmas 304. 
 til, tu^ 280, 304. 
 tittiris 334. 
 tithis 283. 
 tip 281, 314. 
 tim, tim 281, 314. 
 tiras 333. 
 til, till 282, 318. 
 tilas 318. 
 tir 282. 
 tiram 282. 
 tlv 279, 287. 
 tlvras 287. 
 tu 279, 280, 287. 
 tukkhas 301, 302. 
 tu^, tun^ 280, 301, 
 
 304- 
 
 tut 291. 
 
 tudd 291. 
 
 tund.tun 289, 291 bis. 
 
 tutth 291 bis. 
 
 tud, tund 279, 291 bis. 
 
 tup, tump 281. 
 
 tumulas 287, 311,314. 
 
 tumb3i3, 3i4bis. 
 
 tur,tvar323,332,334. 
 
 turv 278, 323, 332, 
 
 334- 
 tul, tulay 281, 316. 
 tula 316. 
 
 tush, tiish 280, 303. 
 tushas 280, 301. 
 tusharas 280, 301, 30s- 
 tustas 280, 303. 
 tuh3oi, 303,305. 
 tuhinas 305. 
 tun 279, 287, 289. 
 tutumas 287. 
 tur, tvar332, 334. 
 tulam 282. 
 tiishnlkas 280. 
 trinh, trih (to wound) 
 
 283,330,331.332. 
 trinh (to grow) 330, 
 
 331- 
 
 triksh 283, 329, 330, 
 
 333- 
 trin 282, 331. 
 trinam 282, 331. 
 trid 326. 
 
 trip, trimph 283, 335. 
 trish 283,329,333. 
 trl 282, 333, 334. 
 te^as 304. 
 tev 278, 292. 
 tailam 282, 318. 
 tokas 280, 301. 
 totram 291. 
 toy am 287. 
 tya^ 280, 304. 
 trans 329, 331, 332. 
 trakh, trankh 329. 
 trad, trand 326. 
 trap 283, 335. 
 tras 329, 332. 
 tra 319. 
 tri 282, 334. 
 trikas 330. 
 trut 282, 326. 
 trup 283, 335. 
 trai 282. 
 tvaksh 280. 
 tvak 280, 301, 302. 
 tvam 286. 
 tvar 332. 
 tvish 280, 303. 
 
 thud 279, 291. 
 thurv 278, 323. 
 
 dang, dans (to bite) 
 
 281, 307, 311. 
 dang dans (to flash) 
 
 280, 306. 
 dangas 281. 
 danh, dah 280, 306. 
 daksh (to grow) 308. 
 daksh (to shoot) 280, 
 
 306, 308, 310. 
 dakshas 281, 309 bis. 
 dakshinas (south) 280, 
 
 306. 
 dakshinas(righthand) 
 
 281, 309. 
 dand 279, 291. 
 dadhi 285. 
 
 dantas 291. 
 
 danv 289, 290 bis, 
 
 296, 336. 
 dam 294. 
 damas 293. 
 dambh 281. 
 damyas 294. 
 dandh 288, 289. 
 day, de 279, 292, 293, 
 
 299. 301. 310- 
 daras 325. 
 daridra 324. 
 darganas 329. 
 dal 282, 298. 
 davas (fire) 297, 306. 
 davas (forest) 296. 
 dagan 281, 310. 
 daga 281, 309. 
 das, das, dag 280, 307, 
 
 309- 
 dasyus 280, 303. 
 dasras 303. 
 dah 306. 
 da (to give) 278, 285, 
 
 292, 293. 
 da, do (to cut) 279, 
 
 292, 293, 298. 
 da (to bind) 293. 
 darus 282, 322. 
 dag, das (to harm) 
 
 280, 309. 
 dag, das (to give) 309. 
 dinas 294. 
 dinv 279, 289, 294, 
 
 295- 
 dimbh 313. 
 div (to flash) 279, 292, 
 
 294, 295. 
 div, dev (to play) 
 
 279, 292, 295. 
 dig 281, 310. 
 digas, degas 310. 
 dih loi, 278, 308. 
 dl, di (to fly) 279, 
 
 296. 
 di (to vanish) 279, 
 
 296. 
 diksh 281, 306. 
 didhi 290, 294. 
 dip 281, 297, 
 dirghas 282, 328. 
 
350 — 
 
 SANSKRIT 
 
 du (to twist) 279, 296, 
 
 297. 
 du (to go) 296, 297, 
 
 307 ter. 
 dukh 307. 
 dugdhas 280. 
 dundubhis 291. 
 duryas 327. 
 durv 278, 323. 
 dul, dol 281, 297, 299, 
 
 300. 
 dush 307 (bis), 
 dus-, dur-307. 
 duh 307 ter, 308, 
 
 ^09. 
 duhitri 278, 307. 
 du 296, 297, 307. 
 duras 282, 322. 
 dri 278, 282, 320, 324. 
 drinh 282, 320, 328. 
 drip (to joy) 283,335. 
 drip (to vex) 282, 283, 
 
 324, 335- 
 drig 282, 329. 
 drih 282, 320, 323, 
 
 326, 328, 331. 
 dri 282, 323, 32s bis. 
 dev 292, 295 bis. 
 devas 294. 
 devaras 25, 295. 
 dehas 308. 
 dai 279, 292. 
 dyu 279, 292, 294. 
 dyut 292. 
 dyo 294. 
 dra, dram 282, 320, 
 
 324- 
 dra.drai 282, 320,322. 
 drakh, dhrakh 283, 
 
 323. 327- 
 dragh, dhragh 282, 
 
 323.327.328,329. 
 dranksh, dhranksh 
 
 282,323,328,330. 
 drad 323, 326. 
 drah 327, 329. 
 dru (to run) 282, 320, 
 
 323. 324- 
 dru (to regret) 282, 
 
 320. 
 drud 282, 326. 
 
 drun 320, 325. 
 drumas, drus 278, 
 
 320, 322. 
 druh 327, 329. 
 drek, dhrek 282, 323, 
 
 327- 
 droghas 327. 
 dvaram 278, 282, 323, 
 
 327- 
 
 dvi 280, 297 bis. 
 dvish 280, 307. 
 
 dhakk 306. 
 
 dhan, dhan 280, 290. 
 
 dhan (to fruit) 284, 
 
 285, 289. 
 dhanus, dhanvan 18, 
 
 279, 289, 290. 
 dhanyas 285, 289. 
 dhanv 290, 296, 299. 
 dhara 320. 
 dharmas 320. 
 dhavas 284. 
 dha, dhi (to set) 38, 
 
 278, 281, 283. 
 dha, dhe (to nurse) 
 
 278, 285. 
 dhatus 284. 
 dhav 279, 299. 
 dhiksh 280. 
 dhinv 278, 285, 289, 
 
 290, 294. 
 dhl 290, 299. 
 dhltis 285. 
 dhiras 320. 
 dhu, dhu 279, 296, 
 
 299. 
 dhuksh 280, 299, 306. 
 dhur 320. 
 
 dhurv 278, 323,325. 
 dhup 279, 299. 
 dhiir 282, 320, 323. 
 dhiimas 299. 
 dhug, dhush 280, 299, 
 
 306. 
 dhri 278, 282, 320, 
 
 322, 324,325. 
 dhrish 282, 323. 
 dhri 282, 320. 
 dhe 278, 285. 
 dhenus 285. 
 
 dhor 282, 320, 323, 
 
 327- 
 dhma 299. 
 dhyai, dhi 290, 299 
 
 bis. 
 dhra^, dhran^ 282, 
 
 283, 323. 
 dhran, dhvran 328. 
 dhranksh 282, 323, 
 
 328. 
 dhragh, dragh 2 8 2, 
 
 327. 328. 
 dhru 282, 320, 323, 
 
 324, 327- 
 dhruvam 320, 322. 
 dhrek, drek 327, 328. 
 dhvans 280, 290, 306. 
 dhva^ 280, 290, 307. 
 dhvan 280, 290. 
 dhvanksh 280, 290. 
 dhvri 282, 323, 32s, 
 
 327- 
 
 na 13, 22. 
 
 nangukas 30. 
 nakk 29. 
 
 naktis, naktam 30. 
 naksh, nakh 29, 30. 
 nakhas 29. 
 naganas 29. 
 na^ 29. 
 nat 24, 25. 
 nad 25, 26. 
 nadas 25. 
 nad 25. 
 nadam 25. 
 nana 25. 
 nand 25, 336. 
 napat 30. 
 nabh 31. 
 nabhas 19, 31. 
 nabhanus 31. 
 nam 19, 31. 
 namb 31. 
 narb 27, 28. 
 nay 21, 22, 24, 27. 
 nal 21, 27, 28. 
 nalas, nalas 28. 
 navan 22. 
 navas 23. 
 nas 30, 337. 
 
SANSKRIT 
 
 — 351 
 
 nas (to curve) 27. 
 
 nas(us) 8, 23. 
 
 nah 21, 30. 
 
 nadi 25, 336. 
 
 nath, nadh 25. 
 
 nab his 31. 
 
 naman 32. 
 
 naras 27, 28. 
 
 narl 28. 
 
 nas 27. 
 
 nasa 24. 
 
 ni- 14. 23. 
 
 nins, niksh 23, 26. 
 
 ni^, nin^ 26. 
 
 nid, ned 25, 26. 
 
 nind 26. 
 
 ninv 26. 
 
 nil 28. 
 
 nig, niga 23, 29, 30. 
 
 nishk 23. 
 
 nis 13, 23. 
 
 ni 23, 30. 
 
 nidas 25. 
 
 niram 28. 
 
 nilas 28. 
 
 niv 22, 26. 
 
 nu, nu (to praise) 22. 
 
 nu, nil (now) 22, 23, 
 
 31- 
 nud 24, 25, 26. 
 nri 27, 28. 
 nrit 27, 28. 
 nemas 31. 
 no 13, 23. 
 nau 23. 
 naus 24. 
 nauka 24. 
 
 pang, pans 36, 39, 42, 
 
 43- 
 pakvas 43. 
 paksh 39. 
 pakshas 39. 
 pakshman 39, 41. 
 pankas 36, 39. 
 pak (to cook) 39, 43. 
 pak (to unfold) 43, 44. 
 pankan 39, 43- 
 pat (to go) 48. 
 pat (to burst, flash) 
 
 48, so, 52, S3. 
 
 pat (to bind) 48, 51, 
 
 52- 
 patas 48, 52. 
 patus 34, 48. 
 path 34, 48. 
 pan 48, 52, 53. 
 pand (to go) 48. 
 pand, pind (to heap) 
 
 48. 
 pat(tofall) 48,52. S3- 
 pat (to rule) 36. 
 patis 36. 
 path, panth, pad 48, 
 
 53- 
 padam 53. 
 paragus 2, 75. 
 paras 55, 57, 66, 67, 
 
 68. 
 para 55, 56, 57. 
 pari 55, 56. 
 parut 55. 57- 
 pard 70. 
 parb 59, 60. 
 pal (to go) 54,56.57- 
 pal (to guard) 54.55- 
 palas 54, 57, 58. 
 palalas 54, 57. 
 palitas 54, 58. 
 palyul 54, 58 bis. 
 pavanam 37. 
 pavis 37. 
 paj (to bind) 29, 39, 
 
 40. 
 paj (to see) 44. 
 pagus 39, 40. 
 pasas 42. 
 pa (to guard) 32, 33, 
 
 36,37. 54, 77- 
 pa, pi (to drink) 32, 
 
 34. 36. 48. 
 patram 33. 34- 
 pathas 48, 53. 
 padas 54. 
 payus 33. 
 paras 67. 
 
 pal 54. 55- 
 pins 40, 42, 43. 
 pikk 39, 41- 
 pin^ 39, 40. 42. 
 pind 48, 51. 
 pitri 36. 
 
 pinv 26, 33, 35. 
 Pil 54, 58. 
 pis 39. 41- 
 
 pish, pinsh 39, 42,43- 
 pish, pis 39, 42. 
 pil 54, 58. 
 piv 26, 33, 35. 
 puns 39, 42 bis, 43. 
 pukkhas 39. 
 put 48, 51. 
 pund 48. 
 putras 34. 
 puth, punth 48. 
 pupphusas 38, 39. 
 puram, puri 55, 60. 
 pur anas 57. 
 purus 60. 
 purushas 55, 76. 
 purv, piir, pri 60. 
 pul, pul 54, 57, 58, 60. 
 push, push 39, 42, 43. 
 
 pu 33. 37. 77- 
 piigas 40. 
 
 pui 40- 
 
 puy 35- 
 
 pur 54. 55. 60, 
 
 purvas 68. 
 
 pri (to exhilarate) 
 
 55,66. 
 pri (to work) 55, 65, 
 
 66, 71. 
 pri, pri, pfin 54, SS. 
 
 60, 65. 
 prikss, 71,73,74,75. 
 prid 55, 69, 70. 
 prith 69, 70. 
 prithus 55, 69, 70. 
 prish 55, 71, 76. 
 pri (to go beyond) 
 
 '55, 66. 
 pel, phel 54, 58. 
 pev 35- 
 pegas 42. 
 putras 34. 
 pyush 34, 42. 
 pyai, pi 32, 34, 35, 
 
 38. 48, 77- 
 pra- 55. 68. 
 prakh 55, 77- 
 prati 55. 68. 
 prath 55, 69, 70. 
 
— 352 
 
 SANSKRIT 
 
 prathamas 68. 
 
 pragas 75. 
 
 pras ss, 68, 71, 75. 
 
 pri 55, 66. 
 
 prush, plush 12, 54, 
 
 SS. 71. 76- 
 
 preman 66. 
 plav 54, 56, 59, 60. 
 plavin 59. 
 plihan 55, 71. 
 
 pli 54- 
 
 plu 54, 56, 59, 60, 71. 
 
 plev 54- 
 
 phakk 41, 46, 47. 
 phan 34, 48, 50, 52. 
 phanin 48, 50. 
 phal 54, 64. 
 phalam 54, 64. 
 phalas 55, 62. 
 phull 54, 64. 
 phenas 34, 48. 
 
 banh, vanh 204, 259, 
 
 269, 270. 
 bat, vat 205, 271, 
 
 274, 275. 
 bath, vath 272. 
 bant, vant 274. 
 badh (to revile) 272, 
 
 275- 
 
 badh, bandh (to bind) 
 
 51, 205, 272, 276. 
 badh, vadh (to strike) 
 
 272. 
 badhiras 272. 
 ban, van 271. 
 babhr, vabhr 61, 204, 
 
 219. 
 barb 55, 63, 219. 
 barh, varh 62, 197, 
 
 199, 200 bis. 
 bal 54, 55,62, 64, 190. 
 balam 64, 190. 
 bahus, vahus 259, 
 
 262, 269. 
 bad, vad 205, 276. 
 badh, vadh 271. 
 balas 45, 54, 55, 64. 
 bah, vah 259, 262, 
 
 264. 
 
 bahus 259, 262. 
 but 272. 
 bud 48, 272. 
 budh, bud, bund 49, 
 
 272. 
 budhnas 50. 
 bul 190. 
 byus, vyus 203. 
 Brahman 197. 
 bru 64, 195. 
 
 bhaksh 40, 46. 
 bhagas 46. 
 bhangis 46. 
 bha^, bha^ 40, 46. 
 bhan^ 40, 41, 46. 
 bhat, bhan, bhand 
 
 48, 53- " 
 bhadras 48, 53. 
 bhayas 44. 
 bharas 64. 
 bharanam 64. 
 bharv 55, 61, 62. 
 bhal, bhall 55, 64. 
 bhallas 55, 64. 
 bhavas 38. 
 
 bha, bhas 37, 45 bis. 
 bhanus 45. 
 bhash 45. 
 bhiksh 40, 46. 
 bhid 48, 50. 
 bhil 64. 
 bhi 44, 45. 
 bhu^ (to eat) 40, 46, 
 
 47- 
 bhug; (to bend) 40, 47. 
 bhura^ 72. 
 bhuri^au 72. 
 bhu 38, 39. 
 bhutis 38. 
 bhutnis 38. 
 bhush 45. 
 
 bhri, bhri 30, 55, 63. 
 bhrigata, 55. 
 bhogas 47. 
 bhrang, bhrans55, 71, 
 
 73- 
 bhra^^, bhri^ 55, 71, 
 
 74- 
 
 bhran 69. 
 bhram 55, 61, 69. 
 
 bhra^, bhre^ 26, 55, 
 
 71. 74- 
 bhratri 64, 285. 
 bhras, bhlag 55, 71, 
 
 74- 
 
 bhru 20. 
 bhrun 61, 63. 
 bhresh, bhlesh 55, 71, 
 73.74, 151- 
 
 manh (to grow) 77, 
 81, 90 bis, 91. 
 
 manh (to shine) 77, 
 81, 93- 
 
 makk, makh 78, 90, 
 
 91. 94- 
 maksh 77, 78, 91, 92. 
 makshas 78, 93. 
 magham 77, 90. 
 mank, mang 78, 91. 
 mangh 78 bis, 90, 91. 
 mak 78 bis, 92, 93, 94. 
 
 ma^^ 78, 92, 94- 
 mank 78, 90. 
 manth 81, 86. 
 manis 85. 
 mand 86 bis. 
 matis 79. 
 math 86, 87. 
 mad 86, 89. 
 madhus 86, 89 
 madhyas 86 bis. 
 man 78, 79. 
 manas 78. 
 manus 79. 
 mantr 79, 81. 
 manyus 79. 
 marus 97. 
 marut 96. 
 marmaras 96. 
 marv 95, 96, 98, 99 
 
 b'is, loi, 103. 
 mal, mall 95, 98, 100. 
 malam 99. 
 mallas 100. 
 mallis 100. 
 mav, mavy 77, 83, 
 
 84, 95- 
 mag, mash 78, 93. 
 mah 77, 90. 
 mahat 77, 90. 
 
SAl-JSKRIT 
 
 — 353 — 
 
 mansam 20,42, 78,92. 
 ma 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 
 
 86, 9S. 
 manksh 92, 93. 
 matri 78, 79. 
 man 79, 81, 86. 
 mar^ loi. 
 masas 78, 81. 
 mi 77, 85. 
 mittras 88. 
 minminas 85. 
 miicsh 94. 
 mil^h 94. 
 mid, mind 86. 
 mil 100. 
 misr 78, 94. 
 mish 78, 92, 94, 337. 
 mih 78, 95. 
 mi 77, 85. 
 miras 97. 
 
 miv, me 77, 84, 95. 
 mlv, minv 77, 83. 
 mukutam 78, 91. 
 mukham 78, 91 bis. 
 milk, munk 78, 92, 94. 
 mug, mun|;78, 92,94. 
 mut, munt, mund 86, 
 
 8"7, 88 'bis. 
 mud 86. 
 munis 79. 
 
 mur 95, 96, 98, 99. 
 murkh 102, 103. 
 murv 95, 96. 
 mush, mush 78, 93. 
 muh 78, 93, 94. 
 mu 77, 82. 
 mukas 82, 83. 
 mul 95, 100. 
 mushas 93. 
 mri 95 bis, 103. 
 mrig, 102. 
 mri| loi. 
 mrid 103. 
 mrid 103. 
 mridh 103. 
 mrig 102. 
 mrish 102. 
 
 mgth,medh86,89bis. 
 medh (to think) 81. 
 mev 77. 
 moghas 78. 
 
 maulis 100. 
 mna 79. 
 mraksh loi. 
 mluk 102. 
 mlekkh 103. 
 mlai 95 bis. 
 
 yakrit 104, 108. 
 yaksh 5, 104, 107. 
 yakh 108, 109. 
 yag 5, 104, 106, 107. 
 yat io,is,io4,iiobis. 
 yatnas no. 
 yatra 10, 15, 104. 
 yada 11, 15, 104. 
 yantri 10, 109, no. 
 yantram 10. 
 yam 19, 21, 104, 109. 
 Yamas 109, 337. 
 yavas 105, in. 
 yavishtas 105, in. 
 yagas 104, 107, 108. 
 yashtis 104, 106. 
 yas 104, 106 bis, 107 
 
 bis. 
 ya I, 10, 33, 104, 105 
 
 bis. 
 yak 104, 107. 
 yatri 109. 
 yanas 105. 
 yap ay ami 52. 
 yu 105, 112 ter. 
 yugam 182. 
 yui 105, 108, 112. 
 yut 104, no bis. 
 yiidh 104, ni. 
 yup 105. 
 yuvan 105, in. 
 yushme 112. 
 yuthas 105, in. 
 yupas 105. 
 yush 105, 107. 
 yusham 107. 
 yesh 104, 106 bis, 108. 
 yoktram 112. 
 yogas 112. 
 
 rarih 121, 130, 135. 
 rak, rag laii, 122, 127. 
 raksh 121, 130, 131, 
 135. 137- 
 
 rakh, rankh 121. 
 rangas 122, 131, 135, 
 
 136. 
 rangh 121, 122, 135, 
 
 136. 
 rak 122. 
 
 ragatam 122, 136. 
 ra|gus 131. 
 
 rang 39. 121, I27- 
 
 rat, rath 146. 
 
 ran, ranv 118, iig, 
 
 120. 
 ratis 119. 
 rathas 113, 144. 
 rad 146. 
 radh 146. 
 randhram 146. 
 rabh 137, 138. 
 ram 113, 119. 
 ray 117. 
 
 ras 121, 123 bis. 
 rah 121, 134. 
 rakh 121, 135. 
 ragh 121, 129, 130. 
 ra| 122, 130, 136. 
 ra^an 130. 
 radh 144, 145. 
 rag, ras 121, 123. 
 rikh, ring 121. 
 rik 121, 122, 125, 126, 
 
 134- 
 
 rinv 117, 197. 
 
 riph 138, 141, 196. 
 
 rish 118, 121, 132. 
 
 rl 117, 118. 
 
 ru (to sound) 118,120. 
 
 ru (to harm) 133 bis. 
 
 ruk 122, 136. 
 
 rug 121, 124. 
 
 ruth (to wound) 146, 
 
 149. 
 runth (to be slow) 147. 
 rud 146, 202. 
 rudh 147. 
 rudhiras 149. 
 rup 138, 141. 
 rurus 120. 
 rush 121, 124. 
 ruh 121, 125, 126, 197. 
 ruksh 121, 124, 125, 
 
 200. 
 
— 354 
 
 SANSKRIT 
 
 rup 138, 141. 
 rfcl 122, 136. 
 rai 120. 
 
 laksh 122, 131, 13s, 
 
 136, 137- 
 lag 127, 128 bis, 129. 
 laghus 121, 129. 
 langh 9, 39, 121, 127 
 
 bis, 128, 129. 
 la^i; 121, 127. 
 lan^ (to pounce) 127. 
 lan| (to shine) 136. 
 lat, lad 145 bis. 
 lap 122, 123. 
 labh 137, 138 bis, 139. 
 lamb 137, 138, 140. 
 lal 124. 
 lavas 133. 
 lag, lash, las 121, 123, 
 
 124, 129, 136. 
 la 121, 123, 124. 
 lakh 121, 135. 
 lagh 121, 128, 129 bis, 
 
 130. 
 likh 121, 126, i34bis. 
 ling 121,126,131,134. 
 lip 139. 
 
 lig 121, 126, 134 bis. 
 lih 121, 127. 
 li 118. 
 
 Iunki2i,i24,i3i,i33. 
 lut, luth 144, 145, 
 
 146 bis, 147, 148, 
 
 149. 338. 
 lud (to whirl) 144. 
 lud (to wrap) 147 bis. 
 lup, lup 121, 138, 140, 
 
 141. 
 lubh (to whirl) 138, 
 
 140. 
 lubh (to desire) 138, 
 
 140, 141. 
 lumb 138. 
 lush 121, 124. 
 luh 121. 
 lu 121, 124, 133 bis, 
 
 134 bis. 
 legas 121. 
 
 lok, lok 122, 123, 136. 
 lot, lod 148, 338. 
 
 losht 147. 
 
 vangas 204, 259, 263, 
 
 266, 269. 
 
 vanh 204, 259, 266, 
 
 267, 269, 270. 
 vakk, vakh, 204, 259, 
 
 262. 
 vaksh 204, 259, 269. 
 vakshas 204, 259, 269. 
 vank, vang 204, 259, 
 
 260, 267. 
 vangh 204, 259, 260, 
 
 262, 263, 270. 
 vak, 204, 259, 270. 
 vank 260, 267. 
 va^ 260, 262, 263, 
 
 267. 
 va^ras 260, 262. 
 vat, bat (to speak) 
 
 2 74> 275. 
 vat, vand (to enclose, 
 
 wrap) 40, SI, 57, 
 
 205, 272, 276. 
 vath, bath 272, 276, 
 
 278. 
 vadabis 276. 
 vand (to distribute) 
 
 205, 271, 272, 274, 
 
 276. 
 vand (to robe) 276. 
 van, ban, van (to 
 
 sound) 275. 
 vatsas 272, 277. 
 vatsaras 272, 277. 
 vad 205, 274. 
 vadh 205, 271, 272. 
 vadhii 272, 277. 
 van, ven, [von] (to 
 
 love) 25, 69, 79, 
 
 204, 259, 260, 267. 
 van (to kill) 259, 261, 
 
 271, 272. 
 van (to sound) 275. 
 vanam 261, 262, 272. 
 vand 205, 275. 
 vap 203, 218, 220 bis, 
 
 221. 
 vabhr 204, 219, 221. 
 vam 204, 220. 
 vayas 203, 207. 
 
 var 194. 
 
 varas 194. 
 
 Varunas 36, 189, 193. 
 
 varutham 189. 
 
 varn 190. 
 
 vartakas 201. 
 
 vartulas 201. 
 
 vardh 202. 
 
 val, vail 189. 
 
 valayas 189. 
 
 vag 204, 259, 260, 270. 
 
 vashk 259, 271. 
 
 vas (to shine) 204, 
 
 267, 270. 
 vas (to dwell) 204, 
 
 259, 265, 266. 
 vas (to robe) 260, 266. 
 vasantas 267, 270. 
 vasa 266. 
 vasus 259, 266. 
 vastu 259, 266. 
 vastram 266. 
 vah 259, 264. 
 va 13, 203, 204, 205, 
 
 207, 209, 217, 259. 
 vanksh 204, 259, 260. 
 vad, bad 205, 276. 
 vatas 209. 
 
 vadh, badh 205, 272. 
 vamas 204. 
 vayasas 207, 209. 
 varas 189. 
 vari, var 189, 193. 
 vag, 204, 270, 271. 
 vashpas 260, 271. 
 vasas 259, 266. 
 vah 259, 262, 264. 
 vi 297. 
 vingati 265. 
 vJ£ 4, 260, 267, 338. 
 vikh 259, 260, 262, 
 
 264, 265. 
 vi^ 4, 260, 262, 263, 
 
 267, 338. 
 vit, bit 275. 
 vid 205, 272, 275. 
 vid 205, 272, 273. 
 vidh 271, 277. 
 vidhas 205, 271, 277. 
 vidhava 272, 277. 
 vidhus 271, 277. 
 
SANSKRIT 
 
 — 355 — 
 
 vimbas 204, 218. 
 
 viyat 207, 209. 
 
 vis (to seek) 2.59, 260, 
 
 264, 267. 
 vis (to dwell) 265. 
 vis, vaigyas 259, 264, 
 
 265. 
 vigpatis 265. 
 visvas 259, 264. 
 vish (to visit) 259, 
 
 264. 
 vish (to sprinkle) 4, 
 
 260, 268. 
 vish (to separate) 260, 
 
 267. 
 visham 260, 268. 
 vishus 268. 
 vishuvam 268, 337. 
 Vishnus 260, 268. 
 vis 207. 
 
 visam 260, 268. 
 vl 203, 207. 
 vli 263. 
 viras 189, 195. 
 ■\aryain 195. 
 vunt, vint 272. 
 vri (to surround) 55, 
 
 122, 189 bis. 
 vri (to choose) 122, 
 
 189, 194, 196 bis, 
 
 197. 
 vrinh (to grow) 122, 
 
 197 bis, 198, 199. 
 vrinh (to roar) 196, 
 
 197, 199 bis. 
 vrinh (to overflow) 
 
 '198. 
 vrik 122, 197, 200. 
 vrikas(wolf) 197, 199. 
 vriksh 122, 197, 200. 
 vri^ (to swell) 198. 
 vri|(to pour) 122, 197, 
 
 "198. 
 vri^ (to leave) 122, 
 
 197, 200. 
 vrit 122, 201, 202. 
 vridh 65, 122, 202. 
 vrindas 201. 
 vris 199. 
 vrish 198, 199. 
 vrih s, 197. 
 
 ve 203, 217. 
 ven, 39, 261, 262. 
 vetas.vetras 217, 272. 
 vedas 275. 
 vep 203, 218, 220. 
 vel, veil 189 bis. 
 vesas 259, 266. 
 vesht 203, 260, 266, 
 
 272. 
 veh 259, 262, 264 bis. 
 vai 203. 
 vaidyas 275. 
 vyath 203, 20s, 217, 
 
 271, 272. 
 vyadh 203, 205, 271, 
 
 272. 
 vyap 203, 218. 
 vyay 203, 204, 209, 
 
 211, 212, 217, 218. 
 vyalas 189. 
 vyush, byus 209, 212, 
 
 217. 
 vye 203, 205, 217. 
 vra^ 122, 197, 200, 
 
 201. 
 vran 189, 191. 
 vratam 194, 201. 
 vrask 122, 133, 197, 
 
 199 bis. 
 vri, vli 189. 
 
 sans 204, 252, 253. 
 Sanst, s^s 255. 
 Sak 204, 258. 
 Sakunis 258. 
 Sakrit 258. 
 Saktus 255. 
 sank 204, 253. 
 Sankus 253, 258. 
 Sankhas 253. 
 sak 255. 
 sank 253. 
 sat, sS'th (to bathe, 
 
 twist hair) 205,213, 
 
 242. 
 sat sath (to pounce) 
 
 242, 245, 246. 
 Sanas 214, 215. 
 Sand(tolanguish) 214. 
 sand (to heap) 22, 
 
 205, 242, 243. 
 
 Satam 22, 205, 243. 
 sad 245, 248. 
 sap 222, 255. 
 Saphas 204, 222. 
 Sabd 222, 255. 
 Sam 204, 227, 228. 
 Samb 204, 223, 225, 
 
 227 bis. 
 garas (water) 150,163. 
 Saras (reed) 159 bis. 
 Saranas 150. 
 Sarabhas 143. 
 Sariram 163. 
 Sarkara 166, 172, 336. 
 Sarv,sarbi43bis, 155, 
 
 337- 
 sal, gel 155, 160 ter, 
 
 162. 
 Savas, savas 212, 236, 
 
 252. 
 Sas 62, 204, 257, 258 
 
 bis. 
 Sasas 258. 
 sash, sas 204, 258. 
 Sakh 253, 258. 
 San 234. 
 sanas 234. 
 Sadas 214 bis. 
 san 234, 337. 
 Santv 204, 227, 228, 
 
 255- 
 Sar 162. 
 Sala 159. 
 sas 255. 
 si, so, 212, 233 bis, 
 
 234 ter, 235 bis. 
 Sikha 253, 337. 
 Siksh 216, 235, 256. 
 Singh 204, 255, 256. 
 Sini 253. 
 sit, sit 214. 
 Sirasi'sSbis, 159,337- 
 Silas 158, 159 bis. 
 Sila 158, 159. 
 5ivasi77,2i2 bis,268. 
 Sisus 212, 252, 253. 
 Sish 203, 212, 216. 
 Si 204, 235. 
 Sik 212, 216. 
 Sinas 232 bis. 
 Sirsham 158. 
 
— 356 
 
 SANSKRIT 
 
 jllam 158. 
 
 gukas 253. 
 
 fuK 212, 216, 253. 
 
 gtiKis, gukras 212. 
 
 guth, gunth 205, 214. 
 
 gudh 205, 214 bis. 
 
 gubh, gumbh 204, 
 
 219, 227, 228, 229. 
 gulv 150, 162, 164, 
 
 166. 
 gush 203, 212, 213, 
 
 216. 
 gushmas, 212, 216. 
 gunyas 203, 212, 252. 
 gur.gul, 157, 158, 159, 
 
 195- 
 guras 27, 157, 195. 
 gulas 27, 157. 
 gush 203, 212, 216. 
 gringam 158. 
 gridh 174, 175. 
 gri 27, 157, 159, 161. 
 go, gi 204, 233, 234, 
 
 235- 
 gon 203, 234. 
 gkut, gKyut 205 bis, 
 
 230, 232, 233. 
 gnath 237. 
 gmil 83, 224. 
 gyamas 232 bis. 
 gyalas 233. 
 gyai 231, 232 ter, 233, 
 
 235- 
 grang, glang 173. 
 grath, glath 167, 174, 
 
 17s. 176. 
 graddha 175, 283. 
 gram 143, 168. 
 grambh 143, 168. 
 gravas 156. 
 gra, gri, gir 150, 165, 
 
 167. 
 gri 152. 
 gri 27, 160. 
 gru (to flow) 165, 173. 
 gru (to hear) 150, 156. 
 gruvas 165, 173. 
 gronas, glonas 158. 
 glagh 156, 173. 
 gvath, gvanth 205, 
 
 213. 
 
 gvan, gva 251 bis. 
 gvabhr 204, 219, 221. 
 gval, gvall 150, 164, 
 
 170. 
 gvaguras 156. 
 gvas 204, 255. 
 gva, gvi 203, 212, 252. 
 gvit 205, 215. 
 gvind 205, 215. 
 
 shash 258. 
 shtiv, shtiv 299. 
 
 sa 9, 104, 211. 
 
 sanst 255. 
 
 sakhis 257. 
 
 sag 256. 
 
 sagh256, 257, 258. 
 
 sak, sagk 257 bis, 338. 
 
 sa^g; 256. 
 
 sat 9. 
 
 satatas 9. 
 
 satyas 9, 38. 
 
 sad (to go) 119, 24s, 
 
 248. 
 sad (to sit) 119, 245, 
 
 2S0. 
 
 san 245, 249, 250. 
 
 sanas 250. 
 
 sap 257. 
 
 saptan 221. 
 
 sam, samb 204, 223, 
 
 227 bis. 
 sam (with) 204, 227 
 
 bis, 228. 
 samas 204, 227 bis. 
 sama 204, 227. 
 samb 223, 227 bis, 228. 
 Saranyus 150. 
 sarat 151. 
 Sarama 149. 
 saras 150, 162. 
 sargas 126. 
 sarpas 142. 
 sarb 142, 143. 
 sarvas 150, 154. 
 sal 150, 160 bis, 162. 
 salilam 163. 
 savyas 15, 203, 209. 
 sas, gas 255. 
 sah 212, 255,256,257. 
 
 sahas, 256. 
 
 sadh 245, 248, 250 bis. 
 
 sadhus 248. 
 
 santv, gantv 204, 227, 
 
 228. 
 sam, gam 227, 228. 
 saman 204. 
 sami 204, 227, 228. 
 sam.yam 204. 
 sayas 203. 
 
 sar, gar 150, 162, 164. 
 saras 150, 163, 164. 
 Sarameyas 149. 
 si 203, 217, 218, 337.. 
 sinhas 204, 255, 256. 
 sik 203, 212, 216. 
 sidh 246, 249. 
 sit, git 214. 
 sibh, simbh 228. 
 siv 203, 217, 218. 
 su 203, 212 bis, 213, 
 
 215 bis, 216, 230. 
 su- 203, 212. 
 sukhas 212. 
 sutas 203, 212. 
 subh, sumbh 204,227, 
 
 228. 
 sur 153. 
 suras 153. 
 suh 212. 
 su 203, 212. 
 suk 253. 
 sud 249. 
 siidas 214. 
 siinus 212. 
 sumam 212. 
 sur, gur 150, 152, 
 
 153. IS7. 159. 195- 
 suras 150, 153. 
 suryas 150, 153. 
 sush 203, 212, 216. 
 sri 150, 151 bis, 152, 
 
 162, 164, 170, 337. 
 sri^ 126, 164. 
 srip 142. 
 
 sribh, sribh 143 ter. 
 sri, gri 149, 159, 161. 
 sel 150, 160 ter, 163, 
 
 337- 
 sev 203, 209, 211, 215. 
 so 211, 218, 233. 
 
SANSKRIT 
 
 357 
 
 somas 212. 
 
 skand 205, 245, 246, 
 
 247, bis. 
 skambh 219, 221. 
 sku 242. 
 
 skund 205, 245, 247. 
 skhad 24s, 247. 
 skhal 155. 
 stak 301, 304. 
 Stan 279, 288. 
 stanas 287, 288. 
 stabh 311. 
 stam 281, 287, 311, 
 
 314 (bis), 
 stambas 281, 311. 
 stambh, stubh 281, 
 
 311- 
 stigh 280, 304. 
 stip 281,311,314. 
 stibhis 311, 314. 
 stim 281, 311, 314. 
 stu 279, 281, 286, 312, 
 
 313- 
 stup 281, 311, 313. 
 Striksh 283, 329, 330. 
 strih 283, 329, 330. 
 strr 282, 319, 332, 
 
 333- 334, 335- 
 sten 279, 292. 
 stom 281, 286, 312, 
 
 313- 
 stai 279, 280, 286, 
 
 292, 301. 
 styai 286, 292. 
 sthag 280, 301. 
 sthal 278, 281, 313. 
 sthalam 278, 281, 316. 
 sthaviras, sthavaras 
 
 28, 282, 319, 320. 
 stha 9, 104, 278, 283, 
 
 287, 311. 
 sthanus 287. 
 sthud 279. 
 sthuna 278, 287. 
 sthul 282. 
 sthairyam 318. 
 sna 24, 26. 
 snayus, sna van 21, 
 
 28. 
 snih 26. 
 snu 23, 24, 26. 
 
 snuK 26, 27. 
 snusha 27. 
 snus 26, 27. 
 snuh 26. 
 
 spand 48, 51, S3- 
 spardh 55, 69, 70. 
 spargas 55, 71, 76. 
 spag (to twist) 39, 40, 
 
 41', 43. 47- 
 spag (to see) 39, 44- 
 spri SS. 65, 66 bis, 71. 
 spris SS. 71. 73. 7S. 
 
 bis, 76 bis, 77. 
 sprih 55, 71, 76, 77. 
 sphat, sphant, spand, 
 
 48,' SO. S2-" 
 sphar 54, 60, 62, 65, 
 
 69. 
 sphal 54, 60, 62, 64. 
 sphay 32, 34, 38, 44, 
 
 4S. 48. 
 sphit 34, 48, 50, 51. 
 sphut 34, 38, 48, 50. 
 sphund 48, 49, 50. 
 sphur 54, 55, 60, 62, 
 
 63, 6s, 68. 
 sphurkh 55, 71. 
 sphur^ 55, 71, 72. 
 smaranam 97. 
 smaras 97. 
 smi 83. 
 
 smil, gmll 83, 224. 
 smri 95, 97. 
 syand 246, 248. 
 srans 143, 164, .73. 
 sra^ 173. 
 
 sru 118, 150,164, 165. 
 sruk 165, 174. 
 sva, svas 203, 210. 
 svag, svang 204, 259. 
 svan|; 204, 233. 
 svath, 5 vat 205. 
 svad 205, 214. 
 svan (to sound) 251, 
 
 262. 
 svan (to adorn) 251, 
 
 2S9- 
 svap 203, 219, 220 
 
 bis, 227. 
 svar 150, 153. 
 svargas 153. 
 
 svasri 155. 
 
 svadus 214. 
 
 svid 205, 215. 
 
 svri 150, 154, 155, 
 
 iS6, I9S- 
 svri 143, 153, 159, 
 161, 195. 
 
 hansas 204, 252, 255. 
 
 hat 230. 
 
 hath 230, 245. 
 
 hatis 230. 
 
 had 231. 
 
 han 205, 230, 235, 
 
 237, 244, 251. 
 hanus 204, 230, 235, 
 
 237, 244 bis, 245, 
 
 251. 252. 
 hamm 203, 223, 225, 
 
 336- 
 hay 230. 
 haras 177. 
 haris 177, 182 bis. 
 harit 177, 182. 
 harmutas 177. 
 harmyan 180. 
 haryatas 178. 
 hal 177. 
 has 255. 
 hastas 245. 
 ha 8, 203, 212, 23obis, 
 
 231 bis, 243. 
 havas 230, 241. 
 hi, ghi 230 bis, 231, 
 
 233. 23s. 237, 240. 
 bins 230 bis, 237, 255. 
 hikk 230, 255. 
 hind 245. 
 hinv 230. 
 himam 232 
 hiranyam 177, 182. 
 hira 181. 
 hil 166, 177. 
 hu 203, 212, 230 bis. 
 hud, hund 205, 230 
 
 bis, 242. 
 hri 176, 177 bis, 178, 
 
 179, 184. 
 hrid 175 bis. 
 
 hrish 137, 176, 179, 
 
 180, 181, 183. 
 
— 358 — 
 
 GREEK 
 
 het 245. 
 hetis 245. 
 hesh 255. 
 hod, haud 246. 
 hnu 205, 237, 238. 
 hmal 224. 
 hyas 232. 
 
 hras 176, 179, 180. 
 hrad 174, 175. 
 hri, hrikli 176, 179. 
 hresh 176, 179, 180. 
 hlad 174. 
 hlikus 181. 
 hval 164. 
 
 hvri 164, 176, 177, 
 
 181, 184, 186 bis, 
 
 187. 
 hve 204, 212, 221, 
 
 226, 230 bis, 240, 
 
 241, 251, 252. 
 
 GREEK. 
 
 The accentuation follows Harper's edition of Liddell and Scott. 
 
 (^- intensive 17, 33, 
 
 98, 127, 129, 141, 
 
 183, 321. 
 i- negative 13, 88, 
 
 129, 321. 
 i- synthetic 30, 128, 
 
 129, 131, 187, 188, 
 
 227. 
 a- euphonic 34, 49, 
 
 56, 61. 
 adel^co 209. 
 aa-ioq 215. 
 ddu 206. 
 a§a^ 270. 
 dPpo? 19. 
 d^puvu 19. 
 'A^aupTOi; 17, 81. 
 a-raOd? 5. 
 &ydXX(^ 183. 
 otYaiJiat 108. 
 'AYa[jLetJ,vfa)v 5, 80. 
 fiyav 5. 
 
 dYavaxTEw 3, 5, 36. 
 iyaxdid 5, 33. 
 dfYotptxov 4. 
 S.f{<xpoq s- 
 dYYapeuw 5. 
 
 29. 
 
 ayroq 3. 
 dtYyoupcov 3, 
 aykXt] 5. 
 ayepuxoq 5- 
 ayr) 108. 
 dyiQVwp 5 
 dytved) 5. 
 ayio? 108. 
 
 "Ayi? S- 
 ayxos 4. 
 dyxuXo? 4. 
 ayxupa 4. 
 dyjcciv 2, 4. 
 dtyXad? 5, 108. 
 dyvo? 108. 
 ayvufjLi 267. 
 dyopd s, 187. 
 ayo? 4, 108. 
 dyooToq 3, 267 
 Sypa 5. 
 aypio? 5. 
 dypd? 6. 
 dyuid 5. 
 5yxi 4- 
 dyxEaXo? 4. 
 'AyxfaYji; 190. 
 
 ayxu 4- 
 ayu s. 
 193. dyciv 5. 
 
 dSocxIu 311. 
 dSeXqjo? 188. 
 dSsuxiQ? 308. 
 aSY]v, aSifjv 123, 215. 
 aSi? 12. 
 "AStx-rjTos 337. 
 dSoXscjx^? 123. 
 dSpoq 215. 
 deGXeijo) 273. 
 &ei 208. 
 defSu 275. 
 
 dst'pw 149, 151, 337. 
 dexdi^d) 260. 
 dlxtov 260. 
 dlXXa 209. 
 dlpio? 151. 
 SeTfjia 209. 
 al^otJLat 108. 
 diqSuv 275. 
 «Y]^t 209. 
 diQp 151. 
 diQauXoi; 211. 
 di^aupoq 151. 
 
 dlQTlf]? 209. 
 
GREEK 
 
 — 359 — 
 
 (49cipY] II, 321. 
 
 'Aei^vT) 12, 70, 334. 
 
 (iOiip II, 321. 
 
 dOXsiid) 273. 
 
 dOpay^vY) 12. 
 
 (i9peu 321. 
 
 depdoi; 321. 
 
 dOupw 323. 
 
 A?a;ioi; 211. 
 
 A'fa? 209. 
 
 (x'i^aypo<; 6. 
 
 Aiyato? 108. 
 
 Aiyaiwv 108. 
 
 (xlfonkt] 6. 
 
 aYyetpo? 6, 108. 
 
 aiytaXo? 108. 
 
 Aiyiva 108. 
 
 afyf? 6 bis, 12, 108. 
 
 AtyiaBeui; 108. 
 
 tt'iyXif) 6, 108. 
 
 oEyuxiis 206. 
 
 AtS-os 36, 275. 
 
 atSio? 208, 277. 
 
 aiec 208. 
 
 alsz6(; 207. 
 
 aiOTJp 12. 
 
 aiOos 12. 
 
 GciOpct 12. 
 
 ciifdh) 12. 
 
 ahaXkd) 108, 267. 
 
 alxXov 265. 
 
 al\i.a no, 213. 
 
 AYjxuv no. 
 
 AivEiii; 190. 
 
 aiveti) 54, 261. 
 
 aiviY(jLa 261. 
 
 ai'vo? 5, 99, 161, 261. 
 
 alvo? 261. 
 
 a'tvufjiai 261. 
 
 (x'i^ 6. 
 
 AioXsis 105, 190. 
 
 aioXXu 190. 
 
 A'eoXoq 190. 
 
 afavau 213. 
 
 aiicoXo? 55, 206. 
 
 aixuq 105. 
 
 alpa 114, 151. 
 
 aipeu 194. 
 
 aifpo) 151. 
 
 alffa 81, 106. 
 
 abctXuv 106. 
 
 ai(sQ(ivo\i.ctt 205, 209. 
 CtiaBo) 205, 209. 
 aYaioq 106. 
 AJaxXiQxioi; 37, 106, 
 
 107. 
 dtaju 106, 107, 262. 
 atauXo? 106, 151, 211. 
 aiau(JLVC{(i) 106. 
 Ataxi'vTQ? 106. 
 Aia^uXo? 106. 
 aio^uvY) 106. 
 aiT^ti) no, 205. 
 akla no, 205. 
 aYTtoi; no. 
 A'tTVf) no. 
 aE)ciJ,ii 7. 
 a'if(j;a 17. 
 dtu 205. 
 at'civ 208. 
 aEupeo) 151. 
 dxaXo? 3, 260. 
 ii(x.av8a n. 
 (itxaxtJi.evo? 7, 11, 28. 
 (ixEO(J.ai 3. 
 <ix.T^ 3. 
 dxtvdxT)? 7. 
 Sx(jn]V0(; 3. 
 av.[i.(i>v 8. 
 
 (ixoXouOeco 160, 171. 
 (ixdvY) 7. 
 (ixoaTiQ 3. 
 dmoufa) 7, 235. 
 dxpi^iQ? 7. 
 dxpis 3. 
 
 dxpodo[J.at 7, 156- 
 djcpo^KTSW 7. 
 dxpoxoXt? 55. 
 'AxiaEwv 3. 
 dxTiQ 3. 
 (zxtE? 3. 
 
 CtATUp 5. 
 
 axuXo? 3. 
 d/.XO? 2. 
 6i.\a.'C,6v 127. 
 dXaXx,£tv 135. 
 dXdo(<.at 190. 
 StXad? 190. 
 dXaxdl^o) 141. 
 dXysw 129. 
 fiXyo? 129. 
 dXSaEvw 202. 
 
 iXia 116, 153. 
 
 dXlyo) 23, 129. 
 
 dXe^o) 135. 
 
 dXIfa) 190. 
 
 'AX6«fa 202. 
 
 SX6oiJi.at 202. 
 
 dXEyxio? 131. 
 
 dXEaxoiJicct 191. 
 
 dXxij 135. 
 
 dXXoc 116. 
 
 SXXtjXo? 116. 
 
 dXXoios 116. 
 
 SXXo(ji.ai 8, 150, 163. 
 
 aXXoq 116. 
 
 SXiXT) 163. 
 
 5X0x0? 128. 
 
 SXxvtsToe 196. 
 
 5X? 163 bis. 
 
 SXjo? 116, 164. 
 
 "AXtt? 116. 
 
 dXuw 190. 
 
 dXipdvo) 138. 
 
 'AX^etds 141. 
 
 aX(pY)iJia 138. 
 
 SXcptTOV 138. 
 
 dXipd? 138. 
 
 dXtixY)^ 141. 
 
 aXws 191. 
 
 aiJia 227. 
 
 'AiJiai;wv S3, 88. 
 
 a[xa6oi; 21. 
 
 d^AaXSuvM 103. 
 
 'A(xaX9aia 17, 103, 190. 
 
 ai^aXXa 21. 
 
 d(ji.aX6q 98. 
 
 S^jia^a 2. 
 
 dixGcpo: 21. 
 
 d(Jidpax.o(; loi. 
 
 d^i-dpavTO? 95. 
 
 d(jiapTav(0 95, 309. 
 
 d(Jiapu<jaw loi. 
 
 d^Jiaupd? 96. 
 
 d^Jidh) 21. 
 
 dt^^Xu? 19, 95, 98. 
 
 diJiPpoaia 95. 
 
 di;ke£^<i) 84. 
 
 dtJiefvuv 80. 
 
 diJieXyw 10 1. 
 
 diAspyo) 102. 
 
 d(JLep5(i> 103. 
 
 d^e6(i> 84. 
 
360 
 
 GREEK 
 
 a(jn() 21. 
 ai^Tixoq 21. 
 
 a^JL^JLO? 21. 
 
 ajJiva(xo<; 21. 
 (i(jivfov 21. 
 otfjLvog 21. 
 (JtioXyd? loi. 
 i(Aop^oi; 100. 
 (i(ji,dpYY)<; loi. 
 &[Lop-(i(i 102. 
 dixopYixo? 102. 
 atJi.x£Xo? 58. 
 dtAuySaXov 91. 
 
 (i[JllJtA(i)V 82. 
 
 &[i.6vo\j.M 80. 
 dlxipi^pY)? 119. 
 d(JL(pt 18. 
 d^KpncoXlw 55- 
 d((ji(ptxT(ovE(; 236. 
 'AfjwptxTuovsi; 236. 
 (i[j.9iXuxY) 136. 
 'Ati(p[^.o:pO(; 97. 
 'AiA9iTpk-t) 57. 
 diAtpoTepo? 15, 18. 
 'A[jL(pia)V 329. 
 djjLipa) 18. 
 dv- 13. 
 dvd 13, 14. 
 dva- 13. 
 dvaYKf) 4, 29. 
 dvdXoYO? 13, 129. 
 ava^ 3. 
 
 dva^upi'Se? 152. 
 dvaxIXXG) 316. 
 dvSdvti) 214. 
 SvSrjpov II. 
 0!V0pai:oSfl^o) 54. 
 avSpslo? 28. 
 avE(i,os 12, 23. 
 Sveu 13. 
 aveil'ios 30. 
 Sveto 23, 207. 
 
 &V1QP 28. 
 
 avOoq II. 
 Sv9pa^ 12. 
 £v6p(oxoi; 8, 12. 
 &vfa 13, 261. 
 
 avi? 13. 
 avTi 15. 
 &VTid(i) 15. 
 'AvttY<5vTj no, 254. 
 
 avTtxpu 15. 
 'AvTidicT) 329. 
 otvTXeo) 316. 
 avTo^iat 15. 
 Sivud) 13. 
 cevo) 13, 14. 
 dvwyii) 108. 
 avwvu(ji.o? 32. 
 a^ivf] 2, 7. 
 a^ios 2. 
 a^uv 2. 
 aotSoq 275. 
 aop 151. 
 
 dopTT] 151. 
 
 oticaXd? 19. 
 axa^ 40. 
 dxapyta 19. 
 axaatog 33. 
 dxaxY) 17. 
 axaupdo) 197. 
 axstXEd) 191. 
 axo 16, 32. 
 axoxpfvo 156. 
 dxo;ji.u<jcti) 94. 
 
 SXTW 17, 23, 56. 
 
 ap, ap« 113. 
 dpd 113, 117. 
 dpa^ld) 117, 140. 
 dpatd? 119, 148. 
 dpc!0[jLai 113, 117. 
 dpapEaxG) 115. 
 &pdaa(i) 133. 
 dpaxvY) 133, 199. 
 ap^uXif) 117. 
 dpyswd? 136. 
 "Apyo? 105, 136, 153, 
 
 201. 
 dpyd? 129. 
 Spyupoq 136. 
 dpSaXdci) 202. 
 apSt? 202. 
 SpSh) 202. 
 'ApsOouCTa 202. 
 dps((i>v 113. 
 dperij 115. 
 &piQy(i) 108. 
 "Apif)? 19, 117. 
 dpBjjid? 115. 
 fipOpov 115. 
 Spi- 114. 
 'AptdSvT) 294, 298. 
 
 dpi6iJid<; 115. 
 "Aptyioi 119. 
 dpi? 146. 
 
 dpiffTspdq IS, 113. 
 apCCTTO? 15, 113. 
 'ApxdSss 135. 
 dpxdvTQ 200. 
 apxew 135. 
 Spxo? 122, 135. 
 apxTO? 122, 135. 
 apxu? 135. 
 ap(j.a IIS, 150- 
 dp[j.ov(a 115. 
 dpiJ-dq IIS- 
 5tpveo(Ji.at 113. 
 SipvEUTJip 113. 
 apvd? 113. 
 apvu(ji,ac 113. 
 apov 114. 
 apoTpov 119. 
 apdo) 119. 
 apoupa 119. 
 dpxayiQ 142. 
 dpxctl^fa) 142. 
 dpxESdvY) 142. 
 
 CCpXY) 142. 
 
 "Apxuiai 142. 
 apoTjv 199. 
 apTa^jioi; 115. 
 apTsjxT^? 201. 
 "AptEii-tq 191, 201, 202, 
 29s, 296. 
 
 OtpT£[Jlti)V 201. 
 
 5tpT£0(iai IIS- 
 apxiQpfa 119. 
 apxf IIS- 
 apTio? IIS- 
 apxdxoxo? 43, 44. 
 apToxoxoq 43. 
 apToq 115. 
 ctptu? IIS. 
 
 &pTU(0 IIS- 
 
 apxi 131- 
 Spxw 131. 
 aCTEXyi^? 126. 
 da6ii,a los, 209. 
 'AuEa 266. 
 Sais 266. 
 aaxEb) 269. 
 acxo? 269. 
 &5xdt(i) 34, 49- 
 
GREEK 
 
 — 361 
 
 StracJXa? 56. 
 aoxfvGtov 17. 
 Sdjxtc; 17. 
 dcrsov 4. 
 aoTaxo? 2. 
 oioTY^p 318. 
 Satdi; 266. 
 otaTpdyaXoi; 2, 329. 
 oioTpaicTU 336. 
 Sotpfliti) 2. 
 SoTi) 266. 
 &oiyaXifj(; 61. 
 iu^^aXdo) 166. 
 'ATaXdvciQ 262, 316. 
 ctToiXavTo? 316. 
 ixdXXo) 33. 
 aTocuSaXoi; 206. 
 iTs^§6>3ii, 337. 
 fiTsp 15. 
 
 OtTT) 206. 
 0(TlT(iXX(l) II. 
 
 "AtXas 317. 
 d[T;x(!i; 12. 
 oTpay-TO? 331. 
 ^Tpexigs 331. 
 airpeaTOi; 322. 
 azva II. 
 'AxTixdi; II. 
 STToi^at II, 277. 
 Sttw II. 
 "Atu? 206. 
 a^aXeoi; 270. 
 aOyi^ 263. 
 aiiBi] 275. 
 aiJOci; 208. 
 aQXa^ 199, 206. 
 aijXi] 206. 
 aiXc? 206. 
 aiiXd? 206. 
 aii^dvb) 269. 
 aiipa 56, 208, 209. 
 aSpiov 208. 
 aisTTjpdq 270. 
 afiidp 208. 
 6(dTgu 207, 273. 
 
 iuTfAlQ 13, 209. 
 
 aOids 208, 286. 
 aiitdj^Suv 230. 
 ai^X^u 269. 
 auxif]v 269. 
 (xixv-6q 270. 
 
 aBo) (to call) 23, 207. 
 auo) (to dry, kindle) 
 
 270. 
 &<f<xp 17. 
 otipaoi) 17. 
 Sfsvos 17. 
 otfGat 17. 
 acpvetd? 17. 
 
 'AippoSflTY) 19, 72, 190. 
 
 6c(ppd? 19. 
 'AxlX(j)oi; 2. 
 «xi5v 4. 
 
 SxQoS 4- 
 'AxfXXsus 3. 
 
 ^xWs 2, 3- 
 
 axo? 4- 
 
 fXP' 4- 
 
 axupov 6. 
 
 aip 16, 17. 
 
 SijifvGiov 17. 
 
 a^i<; 17. 
 
 aijiE? 17. 
 
 ao) (to satiate) 206, 
 
 „ 215- 
 
 «a) (to blow) 209. 
 ocutIu 209. 
 
 Pdl^w 270. 
 
 P«9pov 240. 
 BocGuXXo? 274. 
 Pa9uq 50. 
 IfXxlyut 240. 
 Paid? 44, 240. 
 §axxei3o) 262. 
 Edx^oc; 262. 
 ^aXavsiov 64, 276. 
 pdXavoq 190. 
 ^aX^E? 190. 
 pdXXo) 190. 
 pdvaucTO? 270. 
 pdzTCi) 220. 
 ^dpaOpov 184. 
 Pdp^apos 63. 
 pdpPlTOq 63, 98, 196. 
 ^dpi? 191. 
 §apu<; 186. 
 Paaavo? 45, 270. 
 ^aaiXei? 45, 123. 
 pdai? 240. 
 ^aaxafvci) 262, 270. 
 ^oiaadpa 262. 
 
 ^affTiil^o) 262. 
 ^aTctvtov 274. 
 ^mit) 277. 
 PdToq 274. 
 ^axxokoyib) 274. 
 ^airuXY) 274. 
 §au§(iu 38. 
 Bau^cd 38. 
 PaOvo? 270. 
 ^aul^u 270. 
 pSdXXo) 326. 
 pSsXXa 326. 
 pSeo) 300. 
 ^I^iqXo? 240. 
 ^eSu 276. . 
 Plxxos 46. 
 BeXXspafdvTYjs 190. 
 §sXoi; 190. 
 PeXtcwv 194. 
 Psv6o? 50. 
 ^£680? 277. 
 ^YjXd? 240. 
 §f)(jia 240. 
 §T)aaa 46, 262. 
 Prjaao) 262. 
 §(a 240. 
 §i^dl^(i) 240. 
 pf^Xo; 190. 
 ^i^pwaxG) 72, 184. 
 ^iSeos 275. 
 ^ao? 267. 
 
 ^tVSft) 261. 
 
 Pio? 241. 
 Ptd? 240. 
 ^ido) 241. 
 pXaSapd? 103 bis. 
 pXaSdv 103. 
 pXaiads 75. 
 pXditTW 98. 
 pXaoTctvu 63, 202. 
 pXexu 142, 196. 
 pXsipapov 142, 196. 
 pXT)xdo(Jiac 196. 
 pXrjxpds 1 01. 
 pX-i^xwv 196, 197. 
 
 PXkTTU 83. 
 
 pXoaupds 73, 103. 
 §Xui^(i) 65. 
 ^XwGpd? 202. 
 pX(t>i;xb) 99, 102. 
 Poc((i> 241. 
 
— 362 — 
 
 CivEEK 
 
 PoT^ 241. 
 ^07)61(1) 273. 
 §0890? so. 
 BocwTo? 272. 
 ^oX^d? 190. 
 goix^la) 39. 
 ^0[L^uXiq 39. 
 §6iA^u^ 39. 
 gopa 87, 184. 
 Pop^opo? 63. 
 Bopla? 191. 
 ^6(i[).a^ 69. 
 pdpffov 197. 
 ^daxw 38. 
 
 pdffTpuxo? 274, 329. 
 poxavT) 38. 
 pdxpuq 274. 
 Pou^aXo? 242. 
 PouxdXo? 160. 
 ^ouXeuotJiai 194. 
 §ouXt5 194. 
 §ouXo[jLai 194. 
 ^ouvdq 38. 
 §0J? 242. 
 ^ouTO(J.oi; 277. 
 ^ouTupov 287. 
 
 PoCOTlf)? 272. 
 
 Ppa^Euq 142, 196. 
 §paSu<; 103 bis, 186. 
 PpaScov 103, 186. 
 ^pai;w 65, 73. 
 Ppaaau 73. 
 PpaXttov 200. 
 
 Ppaxu? 199- 
 ^pa/o) 200. 
 PpsytAO! 73, 197. 
 
 Ppl[JLU 69. 
 
 ^psvSjo^ai 69, 201, 202. 
 
 Ppexa? 201. 
 
 Ppetpo? 189. 
 
 §pex(Ad? 197. 
 
 ^psxw 72, 198. 
 
 Bptctpstix; i85. 
 
 §ptdG> 186. 
 
 §pf6(o 186. 
 
 ^pt(jLceo[ji.ai 69. 
 
 PpflAT) 19. 
 
 Bpt(jiw 19. 
 
 BplOTQt? 199. 
 
 BpiToiAapTK; 95. 
 ^pdyxo? 72, 200. 
 
 ^pdixos 19, 69. 
 PpovTi] 95. 
 Ppoid? 95. 
 PpoOxo? 72, 200. 
 Ppdxw 72, 200. 
 Pputw 65. 
 Pp^5 198. 
 Ppuffffoq 197. 
 ^puxf^oiAoct 72, 200. 
 ^pux'o? 198. 
 Ppuw 65. 
 
 ^pU^Q! 184. 
 
 Pua? 38. 
 Bul^dvTiov 38. 
 ^(iX^-qv 38. 
 ^uOoi; 50. 
 
 PlJVY) 38. 
 
 ^upixa^ 70. 
 ^upaa 197. 
 ^uaad? 50. 
 §00) 38. 
 ^uXos 190. 
 P(i)(i.6? 38, 240. 
 B<i)p6ta 202. 
 PwTidvEipa 21, 38. 
 
 Yd^yXtov 187, 251. 
 yd^Ypaiva 184, 251. 
 yaia 240. 
 ydXa 185. 
 yaXeiQ 172, 183. 
 yaXiQvr) 182. 
 YdXXos 183. 
 YaXoo); 182. 
 YaiA^pd? 227. 
 Ya(Aeu 227. 
 Ya(i.<pi]XiQ 226. 
 YaiJiij^d? 224, 225, 226. 
 YavotM 240. 
 YC{VU(Jiai 240. 
 YapY«^pw 172, 187. 
 YapYap!i;(i) 183. 
 ydpos 172. 
 YauTT^p 244. 
 YauXd? 183. 
 Yocupoi; 186, 240. 
 Y^ 8. 
 
 ■^dvo\).(xt 239. 
 YEioov 240. 
 Yettuv 239. 
 YsXiw 182. 
 
 YeXyiti 188. 
 YsXYt? 184, 187. 
 yi\j.(i> 227. 
 Yevo? 239. 
 Y^vuq 244. 
 YEpavo? 186. 
 Yepa? 186. 
 Y^puv 188. 
 YeiJW 242. 
 Ysfupof 226. 
 YTiBlo) 240. 
 Yi^poc? 188. 
 r-rjpudvT)? 185. 
 YTipuw 185. 
 Yijas 240, 251. 
 YiYY^^^P"? 185. 
 y£yT^"1''0? 187. 
 yiy'i'o^oii 239. 
 YiYVW!i5t(i) 238. 
 YXa(Aup(5s 183. 
 YXapt? 182. 
 YXauxds 180. 
 YXaipupd? 188. 
 YXdipw 188. 
 YXK^vir) 182. 
 yXtjvoi; 182. 
 yXiqxwv 196. 
 YXioxpd? 180. 
 YXi'xonai 180, 183. 
 yXuxu? 185. 
 yXuxtij? 188. 
 yXuipa) 188. 
 yXCitsua 185. 
 yXuxe? 185. 
 YvdGos 92, 237, 244. 
 YvdiJLXT(i) 238. 
 YvdxTO) 237. 
 Yvfcpwv 237. 
 Yodo) 241. 
 YOYY'j'^w 241. 
 YOYYiJ^o? 187. 
 YOYis 241. 
 YdjJtoq 227. 
 YOjJwpfoq 226. 
 y6\x.<foz 226. 
 Yovu 238. 
 YopYupa 187. 
 rdpYCi) 12, 62, 185. 
 Ypaia 188. 
 Fpaioi 187. 
 Ypau; 188. 
 
GREEK 
 
 363 
 
 Ypiu 184. 
 YpriYoplu 187. 
 Ypiicoi; 188. 
 Ypoji^a? 189. 
 Ypdaipo? 188. 
 
 YplJTY) 188. 
 
 Ypuij; 188. 
 yuaXov 183. 
 YUiiv^s 227. 
 yuvi^ 209, 239. 
 Yupo? 187. 
 Yup6(i) 187. 
 Yiii)) 225. 
 Yuijjo; 225. 
 yuvfa 238. 
 
 8a, Sav 289. 
 Sayu? 306. 
 BaBuaaeaOai 308. 
 Sorqvai 299. 
 8ar)p 295. 
 Saf 299. 
 
 8a(8aXXo) 298 bis. 
 Aa(8aXo; 85, 298. 
 Satl^o) 292. 
 8a(;j,ci)v 293. 
 Sat; 297. 
 SaiTpsi^h) 292. 
 8af(i) (to divide) 292. 
 8a(a) (■'o kindle) 297. 
 8dxv(i) 92, 311. 
 Saxo; 311. 
 
 Mv.pu 290, 295, 310. 
 8a)iTuXo<; 309. 
 8«X6(; 297. 
 SajjidiXYis 294. 
 Sdyiap 294. 
 8a[jid(i) 294. 
 AavctT) 289. 
 Advaoi 289. 
 Advaos 289. 
 SdvEiov 285. 
 Saxavdu 293. 
 8dxeSov 297. 
 8dxT(i) 293. 
 AdpSavo; 324. 
 8ap6c(V(i) 322. 
 SdpuXXoq 322. 
 Sac^ds 36, 293. 
 oaffu; 307. 
 
 8«Tiotiat 293. 
 SaOxo? 308. 
 AauXf; 296. 
 SauXdq 296. 
 SaOxvY) 306, 307. 
 AdcpvT) 262, 306, 313. 
 BaiJiiXiQi; 293. 
 
 Zk 297, 299. 
 
 Astdvetpa 27, 154, 297. 
 
 SstSb) 296. 
 
 SefeXo? 294. 
 
 Sefx,vu(i.t 310. 
 
 SsfXr) 296. 
 
 SsiXdi; 296. 
 
 Setva 296. 
 
 Setvd; 296. 
 
 Sstxvov 293. 
 
 Seipdq 321. 
 
 ^yi 133- 139. 321- 
 
 Sstua 308. 
 Ssxa 310. 
 Sexofjiat 309. 
 SeXeap 298. 
 SsXXf? 297. 
 SsXXo) 297. 
 BsXfl; 47, 189. 
 AeXfoi 188. 
 Ss(/.aq 293. 
 Slyivtov 293. 
 SevS(XXa) 32, 298. 
 SsvSpov 289, 321. 
 Sevvdi^w 289, 299. 
 Se^ici? 309. 
 Ssoixac 296. 
 5sd<; 296. 
 Ssxa; 293. 
 Sspxeiiat 329. 
 Up\x.a 325. 
 Ssp(JiijXX(i) 325. 
 SspTpov 325. 
 Sspu 133. 
 Ssdxotva 36. 
 osaxoTiQ? 36, 293. 
 Aeu5i«X(&)v 270. 
 SeOxo? 308. 
 Seupo 296. 
 SeuTS 296. 
 SeijTepoi; 297. 
 Seud) 296. 
 Slipw 31, 313- 
 Ssxo(i.at 309. 
 
 SItpw 313. 
 51(1) (to bind) 293. 
 Seo) (to need) 296. 
 8ii 285, 299. 
 S'^rti.ot 311. 
 8ii9ev 285. 
 StqOuvw 287. 
 8iQid(i> 295. 
 8iQXIo(j.ai 297. 
 SijXo? 294. 
 Aif)(x,iiT7)p 293. 
 ST)(l,oq 293. 
 ^v 285, 289. 
 SYjvacd; 285. 
 Arju 292, 293. 
 8Y](a 292, 294. 
 8ia- 297. 
 8id 296, 297. 
 Sidt^oiJLat 277. 
 Stoctvo) 296. 
 SiatTa 205, 292. 
 Staxov^d) 233. 
 Staxdcioi 243. 
 SfaXo? 294. 
 SiSdaxw 310. 
 8(ST)[jit 293. 
 SiSpdoxd) 324. 
 Si8u(ji,0(; 293. 
 StSwtJii 285. 
 Sit^iQlJiat 292. 
 SffjVExi^; 6. 
 BiV.atoq 310. 
 8a£iv 310. 
 SfjuQoi? 310. 
 S(xTuov 309, 310. 
 
 AcvSujJLSVT) 291. 
 
 Siveuta 296. 
 Slvo? 296. 
 
 AidvuCTO? 117, 149. iS3» 
 227, 294. 
 
 AipXTQ 329. 
 
 8i(Tad<; 297. 
 8t?da) 313. 
 8t<p6lpa 325. 
 8£x« 297. 
 S((|jd(i) 293. 
 5ici) 296. 
 AiuvT] 294. 
 Stuxd) 6. 
 8iJt.(o<; 294. 
 8vd<pos 313. 
 
364 
 
 GREEK 
 
 S6av 285, 289. 
 
 lap (spring) 267. 
 
 Efpuvsfa 151. 
 
 8o£Su? 290, 308. 
 
 kdu) 217. 
 
 eiq 14. 
 
 8on(5 296. 
 
 ^^So(xo? 221. 
 
 sY? 208. 
 
 SoxavY) 309. 
 
 iyyiq 4. 
 
 eItm 15. 
 
 Soxeo) 309. 
 
 eyetpw 23, 187. 
 
 EX 10. 
 
 5dxt(i,oi; 309. 
 
 lyEpTi 187. 
 
 'Exd^T) 66. 
 
 Soxd? 309. 
 
 §TXe>^us 5- 
 
 Exd? 108. 
 
 SoXtxd? 328. 
 
 lyxo? 2, 263. 
 
 ExaoTO? 337. 
 
 SdXo? 298. 
 
 EYu 8. 
 
 exaxEpos 337. 
 
 SotJLEW 293. 
 
 ISavdi; 214. 
 
 'ExctTY) 66, 108. 
 
 Sd(jio? 293. 
 
 Baifoq 248, 313. 
 
 EXOTlQPdXoS 108. 
 
 5dva5 289. 
 
 eB£a(jia 11. 
 
 Exatdv 243. 
 
 Sovlw 289, 290. 
 
 sBpa 250. 
 
 exeT 108. 
 
 Sd?a 309. 
 
 I'So) II. 
 
 £XT]X0S 260. 
 
 Sopxd? 137, 329. 
 
 IBwBiQ II. 
 
 "ExTwp 257. 
 
 Sdpu 322. 
 
 eeXBup 194. 
 
 Exupds 156. 
 
 Sdffis 285. 
 
 ll^oiJLai 250. 
 
 IxfXatVb) 64. 
 
 SouXo? 296. 
 
 l'9E[pa II, 321. 
 
 EXWV 260. 
 
 SouTCSO) 296. 
 
 leiXo) 285, 298, 321, 
 
 IXaSpdq 129. 
 
 Sox(Jido[i,ai 307, 309. 
 
 326. 
 
 IXaiov 116. 
 
 Soxd? 309. 
 
 SOvos 249. 
 
 eXdvY) 190. 
 
 Spdjwov 329. 
 
 lOw 249. 
 
 IXutTT) 114. 
 
 SpSfJia 321. 
 
 ei 211, 217. 
 
 IXauvu 114, 190. 
 
 SpaxsTT)? 324. 
 
 EjajXEVIfJ 266. 
 
 iXafos 115. 
 
 Spaaau 327. 
 
 Eictvd? 266. 
 
 IXaippd? 129, 141. 
 
 Bpaxt^T] 102, 327. 
 
 s'lf^w 21, 193. 
 
 IXaxii? 129. 
 
 Spexw 321, 325. 
 
 elBov 275. 
 
 'EXIa 193. 
 
 Spujiu? 325 bis. 
 
 eIBos 58, 275. 
 
 IXeyos 129. 
 
 Spd(x,o(; 324. 
 
 fifxT) 109, 267. 
 
 IXsy/w 127. 
 
 Spdao? 327. 
 
 Bhoq 264. 
 
 eXeeo) 23, 194. 
 
 5pu[jidi; 322. 
 
 Eixoai 265. 
 
 'EXevy) 66, 153, 190. 
 
 SpuxTW 321, 325. 
 
 e'lxu (to resemble) 264. 
 
 IXeu9epo<; 194, 321. 
 
 Spj? 322. 
 
 E'ltxti) (to yield) 267. 
 
 IXEfocfpoixac 141. 
 
 Bur) 296. 
 
 EJXaicfviQ 190. 
 
 IXIipa? 141. 
 
 Bijva(i,at 296. 
 
 ElXap 191. 
 
 IXfxY) 164, 190. 
 
 SuxTO) 296. 
 
 EiXEfeuia 190. 
 
 sXi^ 190. 
 
 Sua- 307. 
 
 EVXT)(xa 190. 
 
 eXxos 126, 198. 
 
 SuctqXsyijc; 129. 
 
 elXixptviQ? 153. 
 
 SXxu 199. 
 
 SuoxoXoi; 160. 
 
 e'lXw 190. 
 
 SXXE^opoi; 184, 190. 
 
 8u(o (to put on) 293. 
 
 ElfAa 266. 
 
 "EXXy) 72, 153, 190- 
 
 Sum (to plunge) 296. 
 
 ei[>.i 9. 
 
 "EXXyjvs? 190. 
 
 Suo) (two) 297. 
 
 eI(jli 105. 
 
 'EXXoi 164. 
 
 h(b\J.(X 293. 
 
 £[vdTEpE(; 109. 
 
 kXk6<; IIS. 
 
 A(i)p(i; 296. 
 
 EfvoafcpuXXo? 273. 
 
 iXi^tv? 191. 
 
 AupiEui; 296. 
 
 eYpYVU(j.t 200. 
 
 1X0 s 19, 190, 193. 
 
 Supov 285. 
 
 eJplu 196. 
 
 SXxw 196. 
 
 
 e'itpY)v 114. 
 
 IXup 194. 
 
 i 10. 
 
 EfpujVT) 114, 151, 196. 
 
 k^k 21, 82. 
 
 S 2IO. 
 
 etpjxd? 151. 
 
 i\).k(ii 220. 
 
 Idv 217. 
 
 e'ifpu (to say) 114, 196. 
 
 k\x6i; 82. 
 
 'dap (blood) 7. 
 
 eYpo) (to string) 1 7, 151. 
 
 I^Jixd; 21. 
 
GREEK 
 
 — 365 — 
 
 Iv 14. 
 
 IvSeXexi^S 13, 328. 
 
 evSov 14. 
 
 'BvSuiJi.((i)v 201, 296. 
 
 Ivexa 250. 
 
 IvsvljxovTa 22. 
 
 Ivei; 207. 
 
 Ivku 255. 
 
 iyepOe 14. 
 
 Svspot 14. 
 
 iv9a 15. 
 
 IviauTd? 13. 
 
 ^viapu 13. 
 
 ivtot 13. 
 
 Ivvia 22. 
 
 ^vvuixi 266. 
 
 Ivo? 13, 250. 
 
 Ivo? 250. 
 
 Ivofff^Ouv 273. 
 
 ivTsa 9, 14. 
 
 4vtIXX(i) 316. 
 
 ?VTepov 14. 
 
 in6(; 14. 
 
 IvTpkw 335. 
 
 IvTiivo) 287. 
 
 k^ 10. 
 
 ?^ 258. 
 
 k^aiclvfiq 17. 
 S^eoTi 135. 
 ^?^S 257. 
 ^oixa 264. 
 ^op iSS- 
 
 lopTTJ 201. 
 I6q 210. 
 
 IxaXxvo? 196. 
 Ixsf 217. 
 Ixi 16. 
 
 'ExfSaupo? 296. 
 IxiwXoov 56, 57. 
 kwjiuviov 242. 
 kixOovio? 230. 
 Ixos 23, 270. 
 
 IXT« 221. 
 
 ?x(i) 257. 
 
 ip«i;e 114, 152, 297. 
 ipavoq 194. 
 ipdti) 194. 
 ipYocl^ofjiat 200. 
 SpYov 200. 
 epSb) 200. 
 ^pi^tvBoi; 117. 
 
 "Epe^os 141. 
 
 lps6(C(i) 114, 146. 
 
 Ipe(3(i) 146. 
 
 IpefxT) 197, 200. 
 
 IpsExb) 199. 
 
 IpsEicw 196. 
 
 Ipepd? 141. 
 
 'Epgff(x9uv 173, 199. 
 
 Ipiffsw 119. 
 
 IpETfjidv 119. 
 
 Ipsuyw 125. 
 
 Ipeuvcio) 114, 118, 194. 
 
 kpsifut 141. 
 
 'Epe^fleii; 199. 
 
 Iplti) 114, 196. 
 
 lpT)(i.oi; 119. 
 
 IpTQTuw 119. 
 
 Ipt- 114. 
 
 IpfYjpos 115. 
 
 Ipivedq 114. 
 
 'Epivij? 150. 
 
 'dpiov 190. 
 
 Ipt? 114, 146. 
 
 epcepos 115. 
 
 ^pxo? 200. 
 
 epti.« 72, 150 bis, 151, 
 
 152. 
 Spiia^ 150. 
 
 'Ep^Asfa? 149, 303,329. 
 lp(ji.Y)vsi3c; 149. 
 Ipvos 114. 
 sp%0) 142, 338. 
 I'ppao? 199. 
 eppG) 123, 197. 
 spoY) 199. 
 spuyfavo) 125. 
 Ipu6p6? 149. 
 Ipuxw 125. 
 lpu<;E§Y) 149. 
 Ipuo) 197. 
 'ipXO\XM 131. 
 IpuSto? 202. 
 Ipws 114, 194- 
 IpwTrdto) 194. 
 laOi^s 266. 
 lueiw II, 23. 
 ecSXd? 9, 206. 
 latJid? 106, 211. 
 Iffxspa 271. 
 eaxETS 255. 
 E(jaii]V 106, 211. 
 
 laaijisvos 106, 211. 
 htia 33, 266. 
 ia/aToe 337. 
 
 E(T(i> 14. 
 
 Itacpoi; 9. 
 Itsd? 9. 
 STspos 15. 
 Itt)? 9. 
 Iti 14. 
 Itoiho? 9. 
 
 ETO? 277. 
 STO? 274. 
 
 lTU(JiOi; 9. 
 e5, eu- 213. 
 euS(i) 250. 
 £(i%u<i 249. 
 euxTjXoq 260. 
 £uXapio(j.a( 139. 
 eiXiixa 199. 
 euiJi.«pif]? 98. 
 siHvt? 261. 
 Euptxoq 141, 211. 
 supEa)i«<) 191. 
 E5poi; 208, 270. 
 'EupuSExY) 52, 141. 
 eupu? 191. 
 EupuaOeu? 337. 
 EuptdXT) 8s, 329. 
 lu? 213. 
 e5<JTpa 270. 
 EfiTpaxsXo? 335. 
 eiixofjiai 260. 
 eiJG) 270. 
 IxeiteuxTJs S, 42- 
 1x60? 4. 
 exiSva 5, 201. 
 Ixtvo? 5. 
 
 Ixupd? 256. 
 I^o) 256. 
 eipi'a 37. 
 Iij/a) 17, 219. 
 lu^jLEv 215. 
 Id)? 108. 
 
 Ice- 297. 
 i;dp-f) 225. 
 !;aPi5? 225. 
 Za5tuv8o? 214. 
 X,(xkri 107, 297. 
 Z,ik(fi 107. 
 
— 366 
 
 GREEK 
 
 -Is 297. 
 X,ei& III. 
 i,i\l(3i 297. 
 l^euYvuiJLt 112. 
 Zeu? 12, 294. 
 ZI?upo<; 300, 313. 
 l^lw 107. 
 !;'^Xo(; 107. 
 Z,fl[i.i« 107. 
 Zk]v 294. 
 t^r)T£{j> no. 
 ZT]inf)i; no. 
 i;iYYt^ept? 251. 
 I6(f0q 313. 
 )^UY(!s 112- 
 
 ttwlQ 107. 
 l^WVVUJJll 112. 
 
 l^(op(5? 107. 
 ^ 208. 
 
 T^^aci) III, 213. 
 
 iQ^acde III. 
 
 i^ysiJi'Wv s, 108. 
 
 i^Yso(xat 5, 108. 
 
 T]So(ji.at 214. 
 
 iqSu? 214. 
 
 iQEpE6o[x.at 151. 
 
 iqOeTo? 249, 285. 
 
 tqOeo) 211. 
 
 ■^60? 249. 
 
 iQtcov 208. 
 
 :^xa 3, 260, 265, 267. 
 
 T]x,K7co<; 338. 
 
 ^x(i) 6, 108. 
 
 igXaxaxiQ 137, 190. 
 
 i^Xdaxw 190. 
 
 'HXIxTpa 137. 
 
 YJXEXTpov 137. 
 
 'HXEXTpuuv 137. 
 
 ■^Xi6to<; 190. 
 
 igXfxoq 131. 
 
 :^Xi? 131. 
 
 Y^Xto? 153. 
 
 'HX'.? 193. 
 
 :^Xoc; 191. 
 
 ifiXuYif) 131. 
 
 ■^(Jiat 9. 
 
 i^IXeT? 8. 
 
 i^H^pa 109. 
 
 ^(xspo? 109. 
 
 i^lJ.{ 8. 
 
 i^jAt- 228. 
 ijtMau? 228, 268. 
 ■^jioq 109. 
 TQjjiijta 109. 
 
 YJJJLUV 105, 109. 
 
 ^jvEY"* 6, 30. 
 
 IQVEXIQS 6, 30. 
 
 i^v(a 105, 109. 
 i^vopiiQ 28. 
 i^xavao) 33. 
 T^icdonai 17. 
 ■^xap 108. 
 ■{jxEtpo? 17, 67. 
 
 ■^XEpOXSUCO 17. 
 TJXtOS 17. 
 
 T^pa 194. 
 
 "Hpa 153. 
 
 "HpaxX^; 27, 66, 153, 
 
 201, 337 bis. 
 fjpElJLa 119. 
 
 T^pEjAEO) 119. 
 ■OP' 154- 
 
 i^plov 152, 195. 
 
 ijpw? 195. 
 
 ijCiq 214. 
 
 'HatoSo? 214, 275. 
 
 'HaidvT) 66, 214, 261. 
 
 Tjaacov 267. 
 
 T^au^o? 10. 
 
 •^TOp 217, 277. 
 
 •^Tpov 217, 277. 
 
 rfiq 213. 
 
 "Hfaiaxos 12, 19, 45, 
 
 i73> 190. 210. 
 •^Xeti) 270. 
 'Hws s, 270. 
 
 eatpd? 326, 327. 
 8dx.o<; 284. 
 6aXd(xif) 326, 327. 
 edXaixo? 326, 331. 
 BdXauaa 301, 323. 
 6aX£6a) 285, 300. 
 6aX(a 300. 
 
 edXXo) 285, 300, 332. 
 e«Xxw 324, 335. 
 ^d[L^oq 312. 
 GaiJiIsi; 312. 
 6d(Avoi; 312. 
 GdvaTo? 290. 
 Odotiai 299. 
 
 eixTCi) 312. 
 ©apYtjXiuv 327. 
 6«pa£(i> 323. 
 OcttTiTO) 284. 
 6au(j,a 299. 
 ©auti-as 300. 
 edu 285. 
 Oecco^gci 299. 
 6e(v(i> 290, 299. 
 OeIov 299, 300. 
 6eXyw 327. 
 GeXujjlvoc 321. 
 eiXo) 298, 321, 326. 
 6£ne8Xov 284. 
 6e[jih; 284. 
 GEvotp 287. 
 Beo? 284, 299. 
 OspaxEUo) 324. 
 GEpjjLoq 321. 
 Glpoi; 321. 
 . 6e<;xe(jio(; 284, 299. 
 6£affO!(r6ai 300. 
 ©ETis 285. 
 61(1) 299. 
 OEupfoc 299. 
 eiJYw 304- 
 61^X1) 285. 
 eijXui; 285. 
 6iqv 284, 287. 
 Oi^vtov 285. 
 
 ^9 325- 
 
 Gt^? 284. 
 
 GYjjaupd? 33, 208, 284. 
 
 0iO«u? S3. 88, 108, 
 
 284, 289, 294, 306, 
 
 338. 
 0Y)aodXia 284. 
 ei^poq 313. 
 GtYYavu 88, 308. 
 Gfv, Gf? 289. 
 6Xd(i) 321. 
 GXf^u 324. 
 GvT^ffxw 290. 
 Godi^u 299. 
 Gotvdo) 289. 
 GoXEpdq 301, 326. 
 GdXo? 301. 
 God? 299 bis. 
 Gopd? 323. 
 Gdpu^o? 323. 
 GoOpo? 323. 
 
GREEK 
 
 367 
 
 0P?? 323- 
 epaaii; 323. 
 6p(i(i) 321. 
 epe(j.iJ,a 324. 
 Qgia^ai 323. 
 9pi)voi; 12, 328. 
 6p^vui; 321. 
 Sp^axo? 321. 
 epiitTavov 321. 
 epiatx^o? 335. 
 OpiYxiq 321. 
 BpiSa^ 331- 
 fip'va^ 331- 
 epf^ 331- 
 Gpolw 323. 
 Gp6(A^0(; 324. 
 ep6va 331. 
 Gpovo? 321. 
 BpuYKvdo) 327. 
 GpiiTTO) 324. 
 Gp(Offy.(i) 323. 
 GuYciTYip 307. 
 GueXXa 300 bis. 
 GuXaxo? 301, 326. 
 GuXXa 301. 
 Gu(i,eXiQ 300. 
 Guii,6i; 300. 
 Guvvo? 300. 
 Guv(i) 300. 
 Gupa 63, 327. 
 Giipai^e 297, 327. 
 Gupaoi; 323. 
 Gucavo? 306. 
 6u<j£a 300. 
 Giju 300. 
 Guig 284. 
 6(iii.tY^ 284. 
 6(i)[Ji(5? 284. 
 Giipa^ 321. 
 Gu? 300, 
 Gcousau 300. 
 
 [alvw III, 213, 
 
 261. 
 "laxxoq 109, 262. 
 WXXw 114. 
 V^o? los, 335- 
 icSojjLat 268. 
 'liitSToq 105. 
 {dxTO) 105. 
 'laxu^ 105. 
 
 'licwv 81, 107, 268. 
 iaxp6q 268. 
 {aub> III, 209. 
 Jd/ti) 109, 270. 
 i^avdfa) 21. 
 jp-rjpf? 21, 193. 
 l^i(!V.oq 21, 268. 
 
 ;(^u^ 105. 
 
 "l^uxo? 105. 
 -lY?, -uy^ 4, 267. 
 {yvua 238, 267. 
 "ISy) II. 
 YSio? 210, 277. 
 iStu 215. 
 JSvoG) 273. 
 
 yspi? 275. 
 
 iSpdw 215. 
 ISpub) 250. 
 tlpa^ 106, 114. 
 lepds 106. 
 Kl^u 250. 
 Ytkai 105. 
 JGu? 249. 
 {66(1) 249. 
 ix,av6<; 264. 
 "kapo? 52, 85, 264. 
 JxsTY)!; 264. 
 i%\x.ciq 216. 
 ExvEO(ji.a( 109, 264. 
 Yxpia 216. 
 YxTspo? 108, 216. 
 ix.i:tvog 108. 
 Yxu 108, 264. 
 KXao? 194. 
 iXapd? 194. 
 SX<xax,o[ji.((!( 194. 
 VXtq;ji.i 194. 
 YXtYYO? 190, 338. 
 'tXXo) 190. 
 JjActi; 218. 
 i(j.aTiov 218, 266. 
 "I^ji^po? 106. 
 229, iiiLEfpo) 106. 
 1(10 via 218. 
 Yva 261. 
 "Ivaxo? 213. 
 JvSaXXoiJLat 275. 
 Jveio 262. 
 JvEov 213, 218. 
 Yvvo? 213. 
 'Ivw 262. 
 
 'I^i'uv 109. 
 
 J^ds 268. 
 
 'loxAmY) 254. 
 
 'ifov 207, 268. 
 
 'ilopxos 137. 
 
 fd? (arrow) 106. 
 
 Jd? (venom) 268. 
 
 "louXo? 190. 
 
 iicdo) 17, 105. 
 
 'IxTcdXuTOi; 53, 67, 88. 
 
 Yxico? 7. 
 
 YxTa(ji,ai 52, 105. 
 
 YiTToiJiai 105. 
 
 'Ipt? 72, 151, 300. 
 
 ?? 213, 218. 
 
 Yaaxi? 268. 
 
 bGiAd? 53, 105. 
 
 'l(JO? 268. 
 
 '(;<j[Aspa 106. 
 
 YaTY)(i.i 283. 
 
 laTopId) 275. 
 
 Eaxdg 283. 
 
 taxtov 268. 
 
 la^vd? 216, 268. 
 
 faxuq 106, 216, 256, 
 
 268. 
 Yaxo) 256. 
 kaXd? 277. 
 ?':a[ji,d<; 105. 
 hitx 217. 
 Ytu? 217. 
 "ItuXo? 105, 277. 
 YuT^ 4, 267. 
 YipGnxo? 17, 105. 
 'IiytYEvsta 5, 137. 
 ?x9iJ? 106, 268. 
 Yxvo? 106, 216, 256. 
 ?Xa)p 216. 
 'i(j)o? 17. 
 'Iw 105. 
 EojiQ 207. 
 "Iwves 105. 
 
 xdyxavo? 254. 
 xdcSoi; 242. 
 xaQapd? 214. 
 x,at 237. 
 
 xaivds 232, 233. 
 xaJvu[X(xt 232, 233. 
 xa(vo) 235. 
 xaipio? 161. 
 
368 — 
 
 GREEK 
 
 %aip6<; i6i bis. 
 xa((i) 234. 
 xa)i/.a^tCti) 255. 
 xaxd? 258. 
 /.(ixTO? 254. 
 x.aXa 161. 
 KaXdippia 208. 
 xaXaOo? 167. 
 KaXat? 173. 
 ■Kak(X[).oq 159. 
 xaXajpoi}; 196. 
 xaXew 155. 
 xaXia 159. 
 xaXd? 160, 171. 
 xaXxdl^d) 169. 
 xaXici? 169. 
 xaXu^TQ 169. 
 xaXiixTW 169. 
 KaXutJjw 169. 
 xaXxaivw 172. 
 KaX^a? 172. 
 5i(iXxi) 172. 
 xdXw? 171. 
 %(k^a^ 224. 
 xccixcipci: 224. 
 %dntvoq 229. 
 %d\j.v(ii 229. 
 xatJixT^ 224. 
 xd^JixTM 224, 225. 
 xavdacjo) 251. 
 jiava^^eu 251. 
 xavSus 248. 
 xavOapf? 246. 
 xdv6apo? 242, 243. 
 xav9ir5Xi« 242. 
 xdvva^cq 215. 
 xavciv 215, 251. 
 xdvwxov 215. 
 KaxdvEu? 223. 
 xaxYjXo? 223. 
 xaxvdq 223. 
 xotxpo? 223. 
 x.dxTO) 223. 
 xapd 158. 
 xdpa^o? 143. 
 xapSia 175. 
 xapxfvo? 167. 
 xdp[Jt.a 168. 
 xapxdXtiAoq 168. 
 xapxd? 168. 
 /.dpTspos 167. 
 
 itdpuov 158. 
 xap(pd(i) 168. 
 xdpxapo? 179, 336. 
 xctat? 255. 
 
 KdaaavBpa 255, 338. 
 otaaauw 139, 218. 
 KactaXfa 214. 
 KdCTTwp 5, 247. 
 y.axd 242. 
 xdaTup 246. 
 staTiQxeu 14, 270. 
 XOTTuw 139, 218. 
 xauXd? 252. 
 
 7l.0H)xd6\LM 253. 
 
 xaxai;w 255. 
 xax'^di;!.) 17s, 255. 
 xdxpus 255. 
 xsdl^fa) 234. 
 xeyXpo? 254. 
 xsijiiac 236. 
 x£itJi,-»]Xtov 236. 
 xe(p(i> 161. 
 XEcw 234. 
 xsxdS[j.evos 214. 
 Kexpoi}) 173. 
 XEXaSeu 174. 
 KeXatvw 161. 
 xeXeuOoq 160. 
 xsXsuti) 155. 
 xeXXw 61, 160. 
 V.S^<f ixq 223. 
 xsvSuXa 247. 
 XEveciv 252. 
 XEvdc; 252. 
 XEVTaupo? 208, 246. 
 xevtIu 246. 
 XEpatl^o) 161. 
 XEpat*.EU(; 167. 
 XEpdwufxt 165. 
 xSpa? 158. 
 XEpauvd? 160, 161. 
 Ksp^Epo? 143, 337. 
 
 xlpSoq 167. 
 
 xspxEi; 179, 180. 
 xipxos 172. 
 Kipxui]; 172. 
 XEcrcd; 214, 242. 
 xe66(i> 242. 
 xEqiaX'^ 225. 
 KEipaXoq 26, 225, 337. 
 X'^Soq 214, 246. 
 
 XTQxfd) 252. 
 
 xi(]Xd<; 161. 
 xt)Xe(i) 161. 
 x^Xov 160. 
 x'^xos 225. 
 Kyip 161. 
 Xf)pfa 161. 
 xTjpcii; 163. 
 XY^pu^ 161, 271. 
 
 XTJTO? 234. 
 5111"^ 235, 271. 
 xi^Soq 222. 
 
 xi'yxXos 254. 
 xcGapa 233. 
 xTxus 233, 252. 
 Xl'vSuvoq 233. 
 
 XtVEO) 233. 
 
 KEpxY) 52, 81, 172. 
 xEpxo? 172. 
 xtpvdb) 165. 
 xiptyde 179. 
 xfsaa 28, 254. 
 xiaffd? 254. 
 xixdvo) 244. 
 xEw 233. 
 xt'wv 236. 
 xXayyiQ 156. 
 xXdSo? 176. 
 xXai^o) 156. 
 xXa(ii) 156, 174. 
 xXdd) 160. 
 xXslGpov 174. 
 xXeJi; 174. 
 xXeo? 156. 
 xXIxTO) 168. 
 xX'^pos 158, 166. 
 xX!(xa 153. 
 xXTiJ.a^ 153. 
 xXlvu 152. 
 xXia(a 153. 
 xXovIti) 158. 
 xXdvi? 150, 158. 
 xXijSuv 174. 
 xXul^o) 174. 
 KXu-rafjjivYiOTpa 338. 
 xXuTdq 156. 
 xXijO) 156. 
 xXul^b) 180. 
 xXuOci) 167. 
 xiilXsOpov 224. 
 xvdxTw 237. 
 
GREEK 
 
 — 369 — 
 
 xvi(i) 237. 
 jivl^a? 237. 
 xvijew 237. 
 %Y(\%6(; 259. 
 XVl5[JW) 238. 
 xvfSif) 237. 
 xvix3? 237. 
 xvtaa 237. 
 
 v.6-(xi] 254- 
 xo^w 235. 
 x66opvoi; 242. 
 xoiXo? 171, 252. 
 xoi;i.c((i> 236. 
 xoiviS? 228. 
 xolpavoi; 157. 
 xoixT) 236. 
 %6%v.u^ 253. 
 xiXa^ 252. 
 
 KoXdxTb) 169. 
 
 ^(iXact; 171. 
 xoXsds 171, 252. 
 xoXX(ifa> 171.' 
 xoXo^d? 171 bis. 
 xoXoxiivSi) 172. 
 x6Xov 252. 
 xoXooods 172. 
 xoXouG) 171. 
 xoXuiJ.§(J!fa) 169. 
 xoXuvd? 160. 
 xo;j,l(i> 228. 
 
 XO[l,fC(i> 228. 
 
 xo[ji,xl(o 223. 
 xiSvSuXo? 243. 
 x6vi(; 233. 
 xovE? 237. 
 xoxtato 223. 
 x^xpo? 223. 
 x^xTCi) 222. 
 xopiXXtov 171. 
 xdpSa^ 176. 
 xopSiiXv) 176. 
 xopevvu[jLt 150, 166. 
 KdptvGos 176. 
 x6po? (satiety) 166. 
 xdpoq (lad) 161, 166. 
 xdpos (broom) 165. 
 xipoT] 179. 
 xopuStiv 176. 
 xopuord? 176. 
 x6pu(jiPoi; 169. 
 xopufiQ 169. 
 
 xopuvi) 171. 
 x6(niivov 216. 
 v.6(S[L0(; 216. 
 xotIu 246. 
 xiStivos 242, 246. 
 
 XOTliXt) 243. 
 
 xoupei^; 161. 
 xoupoi; 161. 
 xoOfos 222. 
 X(5xXoq 82, 172, 254. 
 
 XOX<iviQ 254. 
 
 xpaSa£v(o 176. 
 xpdtl^a) 156. 
 xpa'ivw 153, 167. 
 xpaixdXir) 166. 
 xpatxv6? 166, 168. 
 
 Xp^H^Y) 143. 
 
 xpavfov 158. 
 
 ■/.p&toq 167. 
 
 xpauyi^ 156. 
 
 xpaupo? 165. 
 
 xplas 165. 
 
 xpsEoijwv 167. 
 
 xpExo) 179. 
 
 xpEii.(iEvvu;xi 170. 
 
 xpY)iJ,v6<; 170. 
 
 xpi^VT) 165. 
 
 xp(^avo(; 169. 
 
 xp(i^(i) 180. 
 
 xptSij 165. 
 
 xpfxos 172. 
 
 xp(vov 158. 
 
 xpEvb) 162. 
 
 xptd? 158. 
 
 xpdxTf) 179. 
 
 Kp(5vo? 150, 165, 167. 
 
 xp6(ja«t 179. 
 
 xpoTsw 176. 
 
 xpoud) 15. 
 
 xpuepo? 165. 
 
 xpuo? 165. 
 
 xpiol^w 156, 180. 
 
 XTao(ji.at 236. 
 
 XTsEvd) 235. 
 
 5<.T£l? 235. 
 
 xtipsa 161. 
 
 XTTJVO? 236. 
 
 xt(!^(i) 236 bis. 
 XTUxeo) 222. 
 x6a[A0? 252. 
 xuiveoq 232. 
 
 Ku^IXt] 225. 
 xu^epvdb) 225. 
 
 XU^T) 225. 
 
 xiigo? 225. 
 xuSog 214. 
 xueu 252, 338. 
 
 XUxib) 254. 
 
 xuxXo? 172, 254. 
 KiixXwij) 172. 
 xijxvo? 254. 
 xuXfb) 43, 171, 338. 
 xuXXd? 171. 
 xijjjia 252. 
 xuti,§ir) 225. 
 xuvio) 252. 
 xiixTG) 225. 
 xiipioq 102, 157. 
 xiiwv 251. 
 x(i)xij(i> 241, 253. 
 y,di\i,t] 229. 
 xutAOS 228. 
 xuvo? 234. 
 
 X(OXY) 225. 
 X(ipUXOS 179. 
 
 xuTfXXu 247. 
 
 XCdipdq 222. 
 
 Xaas 133. 
 Xa^vJ 139. 
 Xd^poq 124, 139. 
 Xa^upiv6os 85, 201. 
 XayydZib) 128. 
 Xay/devw 127. 
 Xaywq 127. 
 Xaltu 127. 
 XalXai]; 141. 
 Xaid? 124, 134. 
 Xaxspdq 123. 
 Xax£? 133. 
 XtSxxo? 131. 
 Aoixwv 123. 
 Xaxxfi^o) 75, 127. 
 XaXlw 123. 
 Xaii.§(ivu 138. 
 XatJita 139. 
 Xatixo) 141. 
 XavSavu 147. 
 \d^ 75, 127. 
 Aaoxdwv 235. 
 \a6q 45, 123. 
 Xaxdaffo) 141. 
 
370 — 
 
 GREEK 
 
 AaxfSat 123, 141. 
 Xax(l^b> 123. 
 Xapdi; 124. 
 XapuY^ 4, 124. 
 Xdstos 133, 307. 
 Xdaxu 123. 
 Xd-ra? 148. 
 XaTpsub) 145. 
 XdtTpi? 123. 
 Xaupa 59, 124. 
 Xaipuaffd) 139. 
 
 >-aX^i] 133. 307- 
 Xdo) s, 123. 
 Xeg((vo> 133. 
 
 Xs^TQpfS 141. 
 
 Xeyw 128, 129. 
 Xet'ot 123. 
 Aei^YJvo? 139. 
 Xet[jL(uv 139. 
 Xeto? 133. 
 Xei'xd) 134. 
 XeEpiov 124. 
 XetXTlv 83, 93, 127. 
 Xsi^w 127. 
 XexdvY) 75. 
 XeXirjfjLat 123, 124. 
 Xexii^ii) 141. 
 Xea/Tf) 123. 
 Xeuxoi; 136. 
 Xeuffaw 136. 
 Xexoq 9, 128, 326. 
 
 Xlxpio? 131- 
 Xewv s, 123. 
 Xt^yo) 128. 
 AiijBa 144. 
 XfiSos 147. 
 
 XlQVOS 60. 
 
 X'^poi; 60. 
 XyioTii? 123. 
 
 AT)T(i) 144. 
 
 Xtdi^otiai 118, 147. 
 X£av 60. 
 Xtyyo) 4, 125. 
 Xiyvui; 306. 
 XtYupds 125, 132. 
 XWos 71, 148. 
 Xfxvov 134. 
 XtXa(o[i.ac 123. 
 Xiixijv 139. 
 XfnvY) 139. 
 Xin(5s 139. 
 
 Xt'vov 118. 
 Xi'xa 139. 
 Xixctpo? 139. 
 Xbuo^nai 145. 
 Xi'ij) 139. 
 \6'(oq 129. 
 
 X6yxiQ,i2 7- 
 XotSopEO) 146. 
 Xo^d? 131. 
 Xouo) 134. 
 Xd(po? 139, 338. 
 Xdxo? 9, 128. 
 Xuy^ 4, 125. 
 Xiiyo? 132. 
 XuYpoq 124. 
 Xutw 4, 125. 
 Xuxd^ot? 131, 136. 
 Xuxo? 125, 199. 
 "ku^aivo^LM 133, 141. 
 
 XUXEO) 141. 
 
 Xupa 120. 
 Xuaado) 124. 
 Xuxvo? 136. 
 Xuu 133. 
 
 Xwpdojxat 139, 140. 
 Xwcuv 123. 
 XwTo? 123, 338. 
 
 (Ad 79. 
 
 (jLdyYavov 92. 
 lidyetpoi; 92. 
 (jLaSdci) 88. 
 [Lal,(z 88. 
 Maia 84. 
 MaiavSpoi; 84. 
 (i,a(yoii.at 80. 
 [jLocxdptO(; 90. 
 lJi.aXdi;a(0 10 1. 
 HdX67) 103. 
 l<,GcXx((i> 102. 
 ^laXXd? 100. 
 [idySpa 87. 
 
 {lavSpayopai; 87, 184. 
 (jLavOdvb) 81. 
 lidvvo? 85. 
 (jKzvdi; 80, 88. 
 [AavTi? 80. 
 [xdpccOov 95. 
 (xapafvci) 95. 
 (jiapYapfTT)? 78, loi. 
 (jLapydd) 102. 
 
 \j.ap\xalpii> 96. 
 (jidpvaiJLat 95. 
 (jidpxxa) 98. 
 (jidpTuq 97. 
 [j,dajb> 92. 
 tiduTt^ 92. 
 [xaCTTO? 88. 
 [Lasxakti 92. 
 (JldTatoq 87. 
 
 ll,0!Upd(i) 96. 
 
 li,dxacpa 46, 92. 
 Ma^duv 92. 
 \i.axo\>.M 92. 
 (Jidtj* 17. 
 (jid(i) 78. 
 [JieYai'pa) 90. 
 lASYas 90. 
 (AeSijivo? 79. 
 MeSouaa 40, 76, 81. 
 (ilSfa) 81. 
 \xiQii 89. 
 IXEiSdfa) 88. 
 (i-efXixoq 83. 
 
 (JLElXfoffO) 83. 
 
 lAsipa? 83. 
 (i,E(po(j,ai 97. 
 
 (JIECUV 85. 
 
 (jL^XaSpov 224. 
 HsXaq 99. 
 lJi£X£b> 103. 
 MsXeaYpo? 202, 262. 
 [J.IXEOI; 100. 
 [aeXi 83. 
 \i.ski(x 100. 
 ^i-eXXu 97. 
 (ieXos 83, 97. 
 (ieXxw 83, 97. 
 Ms(xvuv 80, 172. 
 li.EiJLipo|J.ai 82. 
 (aIvo? 80. 
 
 (JIEVW 80. 
 
 ()LEpt(j.va 97. 
 (Xlpoq 97. 
 (JLEpOl)* 8, 97. 
 
 (AEoiQiJiPpia 86. 
 (jlIoo? 86. 
 liiaxtXov 86. 
 ^Ecrcd; 86. 
 ixisfot 86. 
 (jLErd 89. 
 (jisTaXXdfa) 190. 
 
GREEK 
 
 371 
 
 (iltaXXov 190. 
 (Asirplo) 79. 
 
 1«,1Q 82. 
 
 MifjSEia 81. 
 jjiniSoiJiat 81. 
 |i,Y]xd(o;ji«c 83. 
 liijxos 90. 
 IMIXMV 91. 
 \t/flkov 100 bis. 
 
 [AY^V 80, 81. 
 
 V-inf^ 4, 80. 
 [t^vtq 80. 
 ^■flfivQoq 96. 
 (XTjpds 96. 
 lJ,ir]pu(i> 96. 
 (iiijTifip 79. 
 (ji^tk; 81. 
 l^rixavif) 92. 
 RXOS 92. 
 ^wiv(o 84. 
 pi.(YVU(jit 94. 
 IJKxpoi;, [uv.v.6q 94. 
 [JiTXoq 100. 
 (iIXto? 83. 
 [itij.i(i> 82. 
 |i,ili.vii^(;x(i> 80. 
 (»,(v9a 85. 
 ;j,iv6(i) 85. 
 Mfvu? 85. 
 MivwTaupos 85. 
 jJMsIb) 93. 
 (xiaOdq 89. 
 (jiiTpa 89. 
 
 jAVlQaTSUO) 80. 
 
 (to YEW 91. 
 (i.i5eo(; 87. 
 (Jiotpa 97. 
 ;xoix6? 95. 
 li.6Xu^So(; 98. 
 (loXijvfa) 99. 
 lAOvOuXeuu 87. 
 (idvo? 80. 
 MopiJiw 95- 
 
 [AOp^T] 98. 
 
 li.6p(pvo<; 98. 
 (tdaxo? 83 bis, 93. 
 MoOffa 80. 
 11.6x601; 91. 
 li,oxX(5s 91. 
 M(i(^os82. 
 
 (xuSccb) 88. 
 (jL^Spo? 88. 
 (JLUsXdq 92. 
 (Jiulb) 82. 
 [xuGos 81. 
 
 (Jiuxaotiat 83, 91. 
 1<,|JXY)? 91, 94. 
 
 (JLUXTIQp 94. 
 tJlljXlf) 99. 
 [Ali^K 94. 
 
 (Jiupatva 99. 
 [jiupfo? 97. 
 (i.i5p(XT)^ 69, 96. 
 [/.upiro? 99. 
 [i,up(i> 99. 
 
 l^u? 93- 
 tAU(T(i<;337. 
 
 (JLUSTTQptOV 82. 
 [JLUTlXo? 89. 
 lAUTTd? 82. 
 
 I^UX<5? 83. 
 
 (JlU(0 82. 
 
 HwXo? 100. 
 IJiwXuq 96, 98. 
 l<.(I>[jiO(; 82. 
 \).(i>(i6<; 96. 
 
 vaf 23. 
 
 Nata? 24. 
 vaiSTdo) 22. 
 vafo) 22. 
 vafAa 24. 
 vcfvva 25. 
 vadq 22. 
 
 VCtXY) 26. 
 
 vap9Y)5 28. 
 vdpxT) 28. 
 vap6<; 28. 
 
 vdcCTffd) 29, 30. 
 
 vaus 24. 
 v«<p9a 23. 
 via) 24. 
 veavfas 23, 25. 
 vs^pd? 23. 
 VEtaipa 23. 
 
 VEIXE<1> 24. 
 
 veidq 23. 
 vexpd? 30. 
 vIxTap 26. 
 vixu? 30. 
 
 NsiJila 32. 
 vefjLsat? 32. 
 vljAO? 32. 
 vl[jiu 31. 
 v^vvoq 25. 
 vio\j.oa 22, 27. 
 vio? 23. 
 vsoCTod? 23. 
 VETcoSsi; 30. 
 Neaao? 27. 
 vlpiepoi; 14. 
 vsupov 28. 
 veuo) 22. 
 vapIXt) 31. 
 vl(po(; 31. 
 vsippdq 28. 
 vsu (to swim) 24. 
 veci) (to spin) 21. 
 veo) (to heap) 22. 
 vewq 22. 
 VY)- 23. 
 V15 23. 
 VT)S6s 25. 
 viq6u 21, 30. 
 VYjveu 22. 
 Nifjpsii? 28. 
 VTJuoi; 24. 
 v^aaa 24. 
 VT^ft") 23. 
 viQXW 24. 
 vcl^o) 26. 
 v(xr) 24. 
 
 vilCTpOV 26. 
 
 vEacyojAKt 27. 
 
 v{(pa 26. 
 
 vEfu 26. 
 
 Niw§Y) 31. 
 
 void) 23. 
 
 vdSos 26. 
 
 votJLEUi; 32. 
 
 vdjio? 32. 
 
 vdos, vou? 23, 239. 
 
 vdao? 24, 30. 
 
 voaTECi) 27. 
 
 vdaipi 27. 
 
 votII^u 24. 
 
 NdTo? 24. 
 
 viJf.?iO 31- 
 vu^qifos 31. 
 vuv 22. 
 viJ? 30. 
 
— 372 — 
 
 GREEK 
 
 vui? 27. 
 vuaaw 29. 
 vuoTOtl^o) 22. 
 vuGi^S 25, 272. 
 vd)t 23. 
 
 vuXsiJil? 23, 190. 
 vwTov 25. 
 vw^sXi]? 23. 
 
 ^afvu 235. 
 ^avOo? 247. 
 ^ivos 228. 
 U<j) 235. 
 ^ripd? 167. 
 ^f(po? 336. 
 ^uXov 161. 
 ^ijv 228. 
 ^uvds 228. 
 ^upe(i> 161. 
 ^u(o 235. 
 
 6 9, 211, 286. 
 
 oap 155. 
 
 (S^sXds 19. 
 
 o§pi(ji,o<; 19, 20. 
 
 SySoos 3. 
 
 6-(v.do\i,M 4, 13, 260, 
 
 270. 
 fSyxo? 3, 267, 269. 
 SyiAo? S, 267. 
 ByxvY) 269. 
 (5SeX<5? 19, 272. 
 6h[Lri, da^iY] 274. 
 6^6q 248. 
 dSou? 23, 291. 
 dSuvY) 23, 272. 
 dSupoixat 307, 326. 
 'OSuaoEij? 52, 172, 272, 
 
 306, 307. 
 dSuaaofjiat 207, 307. 
 81^0? 19. 30, 272. 
 81^0) 274. 
 oBoiAat 272, 277. 
 dOdvr) 277. 
 "OBpu? 20, 272. 
 oYa^ 211. 
 olSa 275. 
 otSlu 277. 
 OiShuous 254, 277. 
 oYr) 266. 
 dil^us 273. 
 
 olxos 265. 
 oixTefpw 267, 271. 
 oltioq 105. 
 olvo? 261. 
 Oivuvr) 262. 
 oYo[ji.at 207, 211. 
 olo? 208. 
 
 olo; 104, 208, 210. 
 St? 206. 
 
 (SiaTd? 107, 211. 
 olatpos 272. 
 o'lau 105, 211. 
 oko? 105, 110. 
 o'cxo(Jiat 264. 
 ofcovds 207. 
 dxvio) 4, 267. 
 oxpt? 7. 
 dxTu 3. 
 SX^ios 141. 
 dXfyos 134. 
 dXtcrOdvu 134, I39- 
 dXxd? 199. 
 oXXuixt 190. 
 KXiJio? 23, 190. 
 SXos 154. 
 "OXupii:o<; 139. 
 8Xuv0os II, 164. 
 d(AaXd? 227. 
 oiJi^poq 19. 
 "Oii.Y)po(; 115. 
 
 <it^£x>^^ 95- 
 
 8[j.[j.a 8. 
 
 8^vuiJ.t 20. 
 
 6[ji.oioi; 208, 210, 227. 
 
 dfjidpyvutjn loi. 
 
 dtAo? 227. 
 
 S^ixvif) 19. 
 
 d(j.tpaXd(; 19. 
 
 '6[L(fa^ 20, 46. 
 
 djAipT^ 20. 
 
 Svap 262. 
 
 SvsiSoq 25, 26. 
 
 8v6o? 276. 
 
 dvBuXeuG) 277. 
 
 ovY)(ji.i 25, 261. 
 
 OVOfJLO! 32. 
 
 8vo<; 13. 
 8vu^ 29. 
 d^u? 6, 7. 
 80V 138, 207. 
 ducti^ci) 257. 
 
 dxij 8. 
 8xt<; 8. 
 dx(iJ6) 17. 
 8xXov 219. 
 6ic6ii 19. 
 dxTdo) 17, 219. 
 dxufo) 219, 338. 
 dxtipa 19. 
 dpaci) 191. 
 8pY«vov 198, 200. 
 6pydq 198. 
 dpydo) 198. 
 dpyiQ 122, 198. 
 dpYUide 130. 
 dpeyw 130, 198. 
 'OpMTY)? 5, 137, 191. 
 dpexeio) 130. 
 'Op6ia 202, 203. 
 dp6dq 113, 202. 
 "OpGpoi; 201. 
 opxo; 200. 
 6p(i.a9d(; 151. 
 dp(i.aa) 150 bis. 
 dpixEb) 151. 
 8p[i,o<; 151. 
 8pvi<; 113. 
 dpoSocinvoi; 202. 
 8pvu[j.t 113. 
 dpd?, dppd? 164. 
 8poi;, oupoc; 191. 
 opoq, oupo? 191. 
 dpouw 1x3. 
 dpocpiQ 141. 
 8ppo(; 197. 
 'OpTuyfa 144, 201. 
 opul^a 197, 202. 
 dpuffow 124. 
 dpipavdi; 138. 
 'Opipsu? 141, 329. 
 
 SpipVT) 141. 
 
 dpxsotJiai 131. 
 8pxi? 199- 
 opxoq 131. 
 8? (who) 104. 
 8? (his) 210. 
 iaioq 210. 
 8(jae 8, 23. 
 
 dcTSOV 2. 
 
 SffTXiY? 274, 329. 
 oorpeov 2. 
 da(pp«[voi>.ai 61. 
 
GREEK 
 
 373 — 
 
 (5(J9i3i; 37. 
 
 6Tpiiv(i) 334. 
 
 06 208. 
 
 o&Sa; 248. 
 
 oijOap 276. 
 
 ouXa£ 190. 
 
 oDXo? (whole) 154. 
 
 oijXo? (woolen) 190. 
 
 OBxtc; 219. 
 
 o6pde 208. 
 
 oup«v6s 193. 
 
 o6pe(i> 193. 
 
 oijpo<; 208. 
 
 o3? 206. 
 
 ouTifa) 273. 
 
 (SipetXEfa) 17. 
 
 (iipeXXw 17. 
 
 (S(p6aXiid(; 8. 
 
 Oft; 17. 
 
 iSippis 20. 
 
 (5xsti) 264. 
 
 (ixSeu 260. 
 
 oxOt) 263. 
 
 o^Boi; 269. 
 
 (ixXeiis 262. 
 
 SxXo? 263. 
 
 S/o? 264. 
 
 6xupi5<; 256. 
 
 oiji (face) 8. 
 
 oij) (voice) 271. 
 
 ^ij;s 17. 
 
 6'<jio;xat 8. 
 
 '6^ov 17. 
 
 Tvaiffs 40. 
 
 x(iYo? 27, 40, 185. 
 xaOos 50. 
 Ilacav 35. 
 xai? 34. 
 
 xaKpaoffd) 37, 45. 
 xa(u 37. 
 xaXaGi) 70. 
 TcaXai 56. 
 
 nc(Xa((j,(i>v 56, no. 
 x«Xa£(i) 61. 
 i:aXa(ji.iQ 61. 
 xaXsiju 61. 
 xaXif] 61. 
 TuiXiv 56. 
 
 riaXtvoupo? 56, 208. 
 iciXXa 58. 
 
 iriXXa? 61. 
 naXXds 12, 70. 
 i:iXX(i) 61. 
 icaXiJva) 61. 
 Iliiv 33, 37, 300. 
 ■jcaoiJiat 33. 
 iciicxos 33. 
 xaxxafvti) 33, 52. 
 Ttapd 67. 
 •xapstot 37, 67. 
 xapefots 37. 
 icapGlvos 70. 
 Ilipi? 66, 257, 262. 
 Ilapvasadq 158. 
 
 ica? S3- 
 IlaatifaY) 85. 
 xdosaXo? 40. 
 xdaao) 49. 
 xaaTdi; 49. 
 •xdox'^ 40. 
 icaTaylu 49. 
 luaxcfcaft) 37, 49. 
 icaTEOtiai 33. 
 xaTSd) 53. 
 Tcaxi^p 36. 
 xdto? 53. 
 xaOXa 37.' 
 Tcaupoq 37. 
 xaiio) 37. 
 xd^viQ 40. 
 •rcaxus 40. 
 xeSr) 54. 
 xsSfov 54. 
 xei;dq 54. 
 
 X£(0(i) 51. 
 
 xstvdd) 33. 
 IletpcOoos 338. 
 TceJpu 67. 
 xeTff(i,a 51. 
 xex,(i) 29, 41. 
 xeXayo? 75. 
 xeXapfd? 58. 
 xieXa? 56, 59. 
 UiKaayoi 58, 269. 
 xeXeia 58. 
 xsXexus 64, 75. 
 xEX(ji.a 61. 
 neXoi]; 58. 
 xeXty) 61, 70. 
 xiXw 58. 
 xeXup 56. 
 
 icIlAxe, x^ns 43. 
 iclttxu 39, 43. 
 xl(i,9t5 39. 
 
 XEVICTIQ? 33. 
 
 xdvi]? 33. 
 itsvGepds 51. 
 XEvSo? 50. 
 xlvoiiat 33. 
 
 ICEVTE 43. 
 
 ■icExXoq 56. 
 xdx-co) 43. 
 
 XEXWV 43. 
 
 -xsp 57. 
 iCEpaq 66. 
 
 XEpdw 65, 67. 
 
 xdpSi^ 70. 
 x^pSonai 70. 
 xep( 56. 
 
 xepiCTTspii 300, 334. 
 xspxvds 75, 76. 
 xepv7)(i,t 65. 
 IlEpaEiis 12, 40, 76. 
 IlEpffEfdvir) 57. 
 xspuai 57. 
 xsaad? 43. 
 xi(j(j(i) 43. 
 x^TaXov 51. 
 %kxo\j.ixi 52. 
 xeTdvvu(jii 51. 
 
 XSTpOS 52. 
 
 x^TTapas, xlffsupei; 248. 
 xsinY) 42. 
 vr^fixvov 40. 
 
 niQY«<'o? 40. 76, 107. 
 "^-^yi 27, 40, 181. 
 
 XljIfVUJJLt 40. ■ 
 
 xTjBdu 49. 
 U.-qXe6q 57. 
 XY)X6<; 57- 
 riYjveXdxEta 52, 
 
 ■XTIVIQ 52. 
 XY)pd(l) 61. 
 
 x^X"S 40. 
 xta(vw 35. 
 xiSdo) 49. 
 xi£i;w 35, 49. 
 IIiEpia 35. 
 xfOifjuoi; 51. 
 x(6o<; 51.' 
 xmpd? 42. 
 xIXo? 58. 
 
— 374 
 
 GREEK 
 
 Xt[Jl.1cXT)tJlt 60. 
 
 Tl[>.%gr][i.i 338. 
 xfva^ 50. 
 ■Kt'vo? 34. 
 %lvu> 34. 
 xiicpdluxii) 65. 
 
 Xt'lCTO) 52. 
 
 ■Klasa 34. 
 xfaTti; 51. 
 ■ii:(':viQ(jM 51. 
 xkuq 34. 
 •5:(wv 35. 
 TiXayto? 75. 
 xXdBavov 70. 
 xXavid) 56. 
 xXa^ 75. 
 xXiisao) 75. 
 xXaTU? 70. 
 xXeOpov 70. 
 nXsiaSe? 59. 
 xXsEwv 60. 
 xXexo) 75. 
 xXeovexTECi) 30. 
 xXeupi 60. 
 xXs(i) 59. 
 xXijOo? 60. 
 xXYjiJijjiupEs 60, 97. 
 xXiQV 56, 60. 
 xXiQpY)? 60. 
 xXfjfft'o? 56. 
 xXijaau 75 bis. 
 xX(v6o(; 71. 
 xXfaffO) 75. 
 xXdo? 59. 
 xXouato? 60. 
 
 nXoUTUV 60. 
 
 xXuvu 59. 
 xvlu 33. 
 xyfyti) 40. 
 xvot5 33. 
 IIvu^ 40. 
 xda 33. 
 X(59ev 258. 
 xiOo? 50. 
 xoido) 33. 
 xoixfXoi; 42. 
 xoiii,i]v 33. 
 xoivi^ 33. 
 x(5Xeii.oi; 61. ' 
 xoXid) 56. 
 xoXtd? 58. 
 
 x6Xis ss, 60. 
 x6Xo<; 58. 
 
 noXuSeuxT)? 5, 308. 
 xoXii; 60. 
 i:6\j.a 34. 
 xovlw 33. 
 xoVTjpoq 33. 
 xdvTO? 50, 53. 
 xopOlw 70. 
 xop9iJi(5<; 67. 
 xipxos 75. 
 xdpo? 67. 
 xdpxr) 68. 
 xopffuvti) 65. 
 xdpTK; 61, 70. 
 xopipupti) 61. 
 riojetSwv 36, S3, 62. 
 xdffi? 36. 
 xdi:a(Ao? 53. 
 xdrtAO? 52. 
 xoTvia 36. 
 xou 258. 
 xou? 54. 
 xpaaau 65, 76. 
 xpaOq 66. 
 xplfjivov 67. 
 xpexu 68. 
 xpea^u? 68. 
 xpTi9(i) 70, 338. 
 ^piQviQ? 59. 
 xpfa^ai 66. 
 np(a(jiO(; 66. 
 xpfv 68. 
 xp((i) 66. 
 xp6 57. 
 
 IIpdjlVY) 76. 
 
 npoiiiqOsui; 87.] 
 xpd|ji.o? 67. 
 xpd^ 76. 
 xpd? 68. 
 xpdTepoi; 68. 
 xpuXde? 69. 
 xpuiJLva 67. 
 xpuTavt? 68. 
 xp(i)T)v 68. 
 xput 68. 
 xpto^ 76. 
 xpwpa 68. 
 xTafpti) 61. 
 xtafti) 37. 
 xxlpva 61. 
 
 xTi'Xov 52. 
 
 xTc'jud) 34, 42. 
 
 XTuaao) 40. 
 
 XTUO) 34. 
 
 XTuacd) 40. 
 
 xTW/d? 40, 338. 
 
 nuY(ji.aXEti)V 270. 
 
 xuYiAi^ 40. 
 
 xueXo? 34. 
 
 XIuBio? 50. 
 
 xuSfjLTJv 50. 
 
 xu9(i) 35. 
 
 Ilueci 50. 
 
 xuxvd? (frequent) 40. 
 
 xuKvd; (shrewd) 42. 
 
 nuXdSTje s, 137. 
 
 xiiXif) 58. 
 
 xuvSaf 50. 
 
 xuvOavotiai 49, 50. 
 
 xup 37. 
 
 xiipyo? 73. 
 
 XUpT]V 158. 
 
 xupd? 158. 
 Iluppa 270. 
 xuppd? 77. 
 xupads 77. 
 
 XCdXIb) 56. 
 
 xuXos 57. 
 xwpo; 37. 
 xuij 33. 
 
 pa 113. 
 
 pa^So<; 140, 196. 
 
 'PaSitJ.av6os 87, 109, 
 
 146. 
 pocStvdi; 202. 
 paSt^ 202. 
 paSto; 146, 148. 
 paOauau 148. 
 ^ai^db) 140. 
 pa(v(i) 118. 
 ^o(((i> 118. 
 paxo? 133, 199. 
 potlAVoq 139. 
 p^lAfO? 139. 
 
 (>«? 133- 
 
 ptmilfii 141. 
 pdxTb) 139, 218. 
 ^ctxu? 143. 
 Papos 123. 
 pAipavo? 143. 
 
GREEK 
 
 — 375 — 
 
 ^aX'? 133- 139- 
 ^aX<5? 133- 
 
 fitw (to do) 130, 200. 
 fi'C,b> (to dye) 127, 129. 
 ^6(1.^(1) 140. 
 plicfa) 142, 196. 
 ^lu 118, 164. 
 plSyvui^i 133, 199. 
 ^^Tfo? 127. 
 ^^(jia 196. 
 ^YjTfvT) 164. 
 
 plJTUp 196. 
 
 ^lylti) 130. 
 ^it^ix 202. 
 pay6o[jLat 300. 
 p(vir) 118, 134. 
 p[V(ii;64, 118, 134, 191. 
 ^ixi^ 141. 
 
 pfxTb) 141, 196. 
 
 p£? 118. 
 pfi|» 141. 
 p6a 120. 
 
 ^oSivir) 148, 201. 
 poS«v(S(; 149, 201. 
 pdSov 202. 
 ^660? 148. 
 poc^Soi; 120, 140. 
 poltflq 120. 
 pcSyL^oi; 140. 
 po(t9ocEce 141. 
 Po^oXdfvoi 125. 
 p6iuTpov 141. 
 ^oflu 143, 338. 
 poxSlu 125. 
 ^iJYXOS 125. 
 pul^to 120, 146. 
 fuOiJuSs 148. 
 puxavi] 124. 
 pu(j,dc; 197. 
 puxdu 141, 338. 
 ^■jaiov 197. 
 puadq 197. 
 puTij 40, 197. 
 ^ut(s 197. 
 ^u(i) 197. 
 ^(Sixi) iiS, 165. 
 p(Dvvu(j,c iiS, 165. 
 ^uo;jiai 118, 165. 
 puxo? 141. 
 pu^ 141. 
 
 Sa^dl^ioq 213. 
 ffa^a/,6<; 213. 
 odyapt? 257. 
 sayi^ 256. 
 cayiQVT) 256. 
 caSpdq 214. 
 (jai'voi) 211. 
 (jatpo) 150, 152. 
 (jaxxoq 216, 258. 
 ffaXdtJsw 163. 
 caXeuci) 163. 
 I]aX[jUi)veij; 163. 
 ooiXoq 163. 
 adXmf^ 154. 
 Sdc^jLOi; 228. 
 <!ik\^<^<JXOV 10, 228. 
 (TiivSu^ 248. 
 aavl? 235. 
 ddo? 213. 
 daxpi? 220. 
 2axf(o 37. 
 aapSdvioi; 174. 
 cdp^ 126. 
 ddpov 152. 
 SapiciQSuv 142. 
 cj(4ttu 256. 
 UdtTupos 215. 
 (jauxd? 216. 
 oauXo? 164, 213. 
 (jaupa 152. 
 caqjfis 228. 
 (;§iyvu(ji.i 211. 
 ai^o^LM 228. 
 SeiX.iQv6i; 153. 
 aeipd 72, 149. 
 SsipV 154. 
 
 ?£CplC(h> 153. 
 CTsfd) 211. 
 
 fflXaq 153. 
 
 osXi^vT) 66, 153. 
 
 o^Xivov 164. 
 
 SsXXof 164. 
 
 alX^Jia 164. 
 
 SsfilXiQ 85, 153, 227, 
 
 294. 
 (jsiitSaXt? 88. 
 aeiJivd? 228. 
 jspi'ipo^ 142. 
 (reuw 211, 338. 
 OT^Ow 211. 
 
 aiQxds 256. 
 o^{Aa 211. 
 oiQX(i) 220. 
 015? 211. 
 ciQffaiJif? 211. 
 (r»)Te? 9, 277. 
 (j6evoi; 287. 
 oi^YMv 254. 
 fffaXov 163. 
 SfguXXa 228. 
 
 Cl§UVT) 219. 
 
 aiYaXdei? 163. 
 aiyiid) 254. 
 fffSY) 249. 
 (jtSYjpo? 88, 215. 
 ania 216. 
 oixXafvM 216. 
 ofXXoi; 159. 
 (jfXoupos 159, 163. 
 (siXfiov 143. 
 at[x^Xo; 228. 
 (si\l6i; 218. 
 fffvaxi 26. 
 <sivo\j.ai 235. 
 SEsufoi; 109, 220. 
 otTo? 215. 
 (JiqiXd? 219, 220. 
 (jfipuv 220. 
 (TKOxdb) 220. 
 axdl^(i> 246, 258. 
 oxaid? 209. 
 oxccEpb) 160. 
 (jxdXXw 161. 
 crxc((X^d(; 222, 224. 
 oxdvSaXov 246. 
 (mdxTw 222. 
 oxdptipoi; 162. 
 <;xd(po<; 222. 
 
 (ix£8«vvu(i.i 231, 247 bis. 
 SxsJpwv 289. 
 oxeXXci) 167. 
 oxsXo? 160, 173. 
 (TXExapvov 222. 
 axlxi;o(i,oct 44, 221. 
 ffXEuo? 236. 
 (jXTivi^ 242. 
 5xt]xt;(5<; 222. 
 (jXTiXTCi) 222. 
 oxtd 242. 
 (rxtvS(iXa[i.oi; 247. 
 oxipos 158, 336. 
 
376 
 
 GREEK 
 
 avik-qp6q 158, 166. 
 
 (jxoXid; 171. 
 
 cxdXoiJ> 143, 162, 171. 
 
 oxoirdq 44, 222. 
 (j)iopStV(io[Ji.at 174. 
 (jxdpoSov 174. 
 TCOpTcios 143. 
 cxoTOi; 242. 
 axu^aXov 222. 
 axuOpwxds 242. 
 (jxuXXti) 161, 171- 
 (jxujjLVOi; 252. 
 (jxupo? 161. 
 (jxuTaXY) 247. 
 axuTo? 242. 
 <r)(.a)X-r)§ 171. 
 (TxuxTti) 44, 222. 
 cxwp 167, 231. 
 cxw^i 44. 
 (TtJLapaYlto 72, 74, 102. 
 
 (riJMXd) 84. 
 
 ciAspSaXlo? 103. 
 (S[Lfivo<; 84, 211. 
 
 <J[*.Y1XW 84. 
 
 <r[ji.iXa^ 100. 
 ff[/.(X7) 99. 
 (S\t.6p[.q 99. 
 atJMJXa) 94. 
 uo^eb> 211, 219. 
 
 !s6^f] 211. 
 
 aoXoixtu^AOi; 164. 
 odXo? 164. 
 <5o^f6<; 220. 
 CTopd? 152. 
 
 (Toipo'i; 219, 220, 228. 
 (jxiSi^ 49. 
 (jxa6if) 49. 
 cxalpw 61. 
 axavi? 33. 
 cxapaaau 61. 
 (jxapYotd) 72. 
 cxapTOS, oxaptov 61. 
 axdw 33 ter, 34, 36. 
 (jxetpa 61. 
 oxsipd) 61. 
 <ixlv5(i) 48. 
 ffxso? 34. 
 CTxlp[j,a 61. 
 (jxipxd) 76. 
 (jxeuSo) 48. 
 <jxi]Xatov 64. 
 
 (jxi9a(Ai^ 51. 
 
 cx(Xoi; 58. 
 cxivOi^p 50. 
 (jxXi>!ifxvov 71. 
 (;xXi]v 71. 
 oxoYyo? 254. 
 axoSiw 48, 54. 
 CTxoSd? 48, 54. 
 (jxovSy] 48. 
 (jTaSiov 283. 
 OTocl^ti) 305. 
 oTcxQ^ioz 283. 
 oratq 292, 302. 
 oraXafixd? 329. 
 oraixvo? 311. 
 OTKUpd? 318. 
 
 OTacpuXifj 311. 
 
 (Jiaxu? 303- 
 OTeYo? 301. 
 (jTsju 301, 305. 
 
 (JTEt'^U 311. 
 
 CTEtpoq 318. 
 (Jtet'xw 304. 
 OTsXedv 316. 
 (JTeXXd) 316. 
 CTetJiP<i> 311. 
 CTevd? 287, 288. 
 
 OTSVO) 288. 
 
 aTspYu 329. 
 (jTspsoi; 318. 
 (jTepsu 318. 
 arepvov 318. 
 OTspoxY] 335. 
 (rTEU(i.ai 287. 
 (JTEfavoq 312. 
 OT'^Soq 285. 
 (m^XiQ 316. 
 
 (JTTQpKOV 283. 
 
 (Trf^w 304. 
 
 UTtX^W 318, 335. 
 
 urfxo? 304. 
 axXsyylq 329. 
 CTod 287. 
 
 OTOl^l^ 311. 
 ffToXo? 316. 
 
 cfrdixa 287, 312. 
 
 OT0p£VVUll.t 320. 
 
 ordpOuy^ 326. 
 OTOxal^ofjiai 303. 
 a'i:p«YYaXdo[j.ai 329. 
 
 (TTpard? 320. 
 OTpsxtds 335. 
 axpe6yo^ai 329. 
 
 <"P^«>> 335- 
 OTpf^ 330. 
 cnrpd^tXoq 335. 
 OTpoYYuXo? 329. 
 OTpouOd? 326. 
 (jTpu(i.a 320. 
 OTUY^w 305. 
 OTuXo? 287, 316. 
 STij[i,ipaXos 313- 
 Stij? 305. 
 ffTUipsXii^w 311. 
 
 CTlifW 311. 
 
 m 286. 
 
 ffuxov 213, 216. 
 
 (TuXdo) 161. 
 
 (juv 228. 
 
 cuptY^ 154. 
 
 <jijp(po? 143. 
 
 ffupw 149, 152. 
 
 auxvd? (abundant) 216. 
 
 ffuxvd? (long) 256. 
 
 (S(pa-fl(; 46. 
 
 aqxzSai^fa) 49. 
 
 a^cel^b) 46. 
 
 a^aipa 61. 
 
 cipaxEXfl^b) 41, 
 
 C9dXX«i) 61. 
 
 ffcpl 210. 
 
 CTyevSdvT) 48. 
 
 (jfi]v so. 
 
 m^ 254. 
 
 o^JyTw 28, 254. 
 SipfY? 254. 
 (jiplSY) 51. 
 (jipoSpd? 49. 
 cfovSuXo? 51. 
 wppKYk 72. 
 (jfpiYdw 72. 
 ffipuYiAdq 49, 254. 
 oipupa 61. 
 <JX(ii;u 231, 244, 247 
 
 bis. 
 axsUv 244, 245. 
 o^^'^^'o? 256. 
 axKt^ 247. 
 ff/oTvo? 25, 27, 38, 256. 
 
 ff^oXlQ 166. 
 
 otoXi^v 167. 
 
GREEK 
 
 — 377 — 
 
 <!&\La 213. 
 <jo)p(5<; 150, 152 
 mi 213. 
 
 TaTTn) 305- 
 T(i(Yi)vov 305. 
 
 Tatv(a 288. 
 
 TiiXavTov 316. 
 
 ■ciXapos 316. 
 
 TaXaiiptvos 191, 317. 
 
 TaXcs 332. 
 
 Ta(i.(ai; 311. 
 
 Tav 288. 
 
 Tavads 288. 
 
 TdivTaXoq 317. 
 
 Taviiw 288. 
 
 Taxsivdi; 315. 
 
 tixY]? 315. 
 
 T(ipas 333. 
 
 txpiam 323, 331, 332. 
 
 Tap^eci) 332. 
 
 'i^P'XOS 330> 333- 
 Tapad? 331, 332, 333. 
 TcipTapo? 332. 
 t%os 335- 
 
 Tisffd) 302. 
 
 TauysTov 287. 
 Taupo; 319. 
 Taij? 287. 
 ticpoi; 312, 
 Tafiot 312. 
 Taxij? 303, 304. 
 Tau? 287. 
 TSYYU 305. 
 •clyoq 301. 
 
 TsfvO) 49, 288. 
 
 ■cetpw 334. 
 Tetxo? 301. 
 TsxiJLafpojjLac 302. 
 tIxvov 301. 
 tIxtuv 302. 
 TeXa(i.{4v 317. 
 TeXIti) 316. 
 T^XXu 316. 
 ■cdX[ji,a 318. 
 TeXo? 316. 
 flXffov 316. 
 TsXxfv 327. 
 T^(i.aXOS 315. 
 Ti(A.evo<; 226, 314. 
 leitvu 315. 
 
 TliAiciQ 315. 
 tIvkyos 305. 
 TEvSw 288. 
 tIvuv 288. 
 T^paixvov 331. 
 Tlpa? 318. 
 ■clpriv 331. 
 TipOpov 333. 
 
 'r^Pl*«333- 
 TlpiAtvOos 333. 
 Tspicu 54, 335. 
 TlpffojAat 333. 
 Tiffffaps? 248. 
 TSTaifcov 305. 
 tezir]\i.ai 234. 
 TlT(jLev 315. 
 TETpaivd) 334. 
 T^TTa 285, 286. 
 tItti^ 285. 
 TeuTal^Ci) 291. 
 
 TSU/OS 301. 
 TSli^W 301. 
 
 Tiippa 313. 
 tIx^y] 301. 
 tijOt) 285. 
 TtjOijs 285. 
 
 Tljud) 304. 
 
 tvjXs 316. 
 Tif)Xepdat 316. 
 TiqXIyovo? 172, 316. 
 
 T7iXeiJiaxoSS2,i4i,3i6- 
 TT)Xapaa(ja 45, 316. 
 tTjXfa 316. 
 T'oXi? 332. 
 
 ■CYJpSO) 318. 
 
 Ti()Tdo(Ji.ai 292. 
 
 TiJTE? 277. 
 
 Tfypi? 304. 
 TiOaao? 285. 
 'cWYjjx.t 284. 
 TtSv^vir) 285. 
 TiOcovd? 285. 
 
 TfjlTO) 301. 
 
 TfXXti) 318. 
 
 TlXo? 318. 
 TIII.1Q 236. 
 
 TivastJd) 288. 
 
 TfvU 236. 
 
 xf? 236, 258. 
 TiTafvw 288. 
 Tixav 288. 
 
 TtTptOCJXW 334. 
 
 TtTuds 287. 
 Tifu? 313. 
 "t£(i» 236. 
 tX(4w 28, 316. 
 tXiqiawv 317. 
 T;i.d)Xos 287, 314. 
 Toxo? 301. 
 ToXjjuiw 317. 
 TOii,eu<: 315. 
 tov9opijti(<) 328. 
 ■rdvos 288. 
 t6^ov 303. 
 Tdxo? 315. 
 •coplw 334. 
 
 tOUTO 286. 
 
 •cpaYO? 330. 
 tpotxel^a 248. 
 tpauid 333. 
 TpauXd? 334. 
 
 TpdxTlXo? 191, 331. 
 
 tpaX"? 331- 
 Tpei? 334- 
 
 Tpl(J.U332. 
 
 'fP^'K"33S- 
 •cpapw 324, 33S. 
 
 "^peX" 330- 
 •cplu 332. 
 
 tpE§w 334- 
 •cpEtw 330. 
 TpraT(5X£(i.oi; 335. 
 TpiTOYsveta 70, 334. 
 Tpkuv 57, 334. 
 Tpova 331. 
 tpdxos 334, 335. 
 Tpoipwvioc; 332. 
 
 'rpoX<5s 330- 
 Tpuyau 330. 
 
 ■cpi^T" 330- 
 tpu? 3,^0. 
 tpuxao) 334. 
 •cpurpiQ 324, 335. 
 
 TpuX" 334- 
 Tpuw 334- 
 Tuyxo'Vti) 303. 
 TuSeii? 291. 
 Tiixos 302. 
 TiXif) 287, 316. 
 xiti^os 312. 
 TuvScipsoq 291. 
 •vuvxXal^w 291. 
 
378 
 
 GREEK 
 
 TUTCO? 315. 
 TUXTU 315. 
 
 Tupotwoi; 319. 
 
 '^"P^'O 334- 
 Tupdq 287, 319. 
 
 TUppt? 319. 
 
 tut6(5(; 285. 
 TUipXdq 311. 
 Tuipo? 313. 
 Tu9ti)eij(; 313. 
 Tucpuv 313. 
 TUXIQ 303- 
 
 "YaSs? 59, 213. 
 Oaxiv6o? II, 213. 
 uaXo? 213. 
 u^o? 219. 
 EiPpti; 219. 
 UYI15S 263. 
 uypd? 263. 
 uSe(i) 275. 
 uSiQ? 275. 
 uBveci) 214, 277. 
 uStop 276. 
 usTo? 213. 
 uOXIo) 214. 
 utoi; 213. 
 uXaxTSd) 154. 
 "YXa? 164. 
 uXdb) 154. 
 uXt) 164. 
 uXi'i^w 166. 
 u(xe(? 8. 
 u(/.i5V 213. 
 SjAvo? 228. 
 uvvoq 213, 215. 
 uxap 219, 221. 
 uxctp^o) 131. 
 uiraToq 221. 
 uxlp 221. 
 'Yi:ep§6psot 191. 
 iirspuov 207. 
 UTCiQvr) 13. 
 u'xvoi; 220. 
 uxd 221. 
 uxoSpa 20. 
 
 iixTtO? 221. 
 
 upa^ 154. 
 
 ^pXTj 200. 
 
 5? 215. 
 ia(ji.fvY) III. 
 
 usxXf)^ 75, III. 
 uaTaTo? 277, 278. 
 fisTepa 277, 278. 
 6ipGCEV(i) 219. 
 0()iit)X6? 221. 
 3(1) 213. 
 
 (payw 46. 
 
 qjalOw 45. 
 9at3t(AO<; 53. 
 $a[5pa 53. 
 (fcxivut 45. 
 9ax6(; 46. 
 qjaXayytov 72. 
 yctXay^ 72. 
 (paXapo? 45. 
 yaXxY)? 72. 
 (paXXatva 64. 
 (paXX(5<; 64. 
 faXos 45. 
 q)dos, <pus 45. 
 9titpa-]'^ 62. 
 qxipsTpa 64. 
 qiapxli; 62. 
 fdcpiJKXKOv 69. 
 (papoq 61. 
 fdpo? 62. 
 <papuT? 4, 62. 
 qxiayavov 46. 
 fdoxw 45. 
 (faxvi] 33. 
 faCiXo? 63. 
 
 f I^O[J.CCt 44. 
 
 •PSYTOS 45- 
 ip£(§o[;.Gci 50. 
 ^sXXeui; 64. 
 
 <plva5 SO. 
 
 fEVCl) 50. 
 
 ipep^ti) 63. 
 qilpxaTO? 64. 
 flpco 64. 
 qieuYU 47. 
 9iQy6q 47. 
 9TiXTQTit)<; 64. 
 
 9W{ 45- 
 9inviQ so. 
 
 f^P 325- 
 96dv(>) 289, 325. 
 98lyYO(i,ai 290. 
 <p9s(p S4, 325- 
 96e(p(o 325. 
 
 96[V(D 289, 325. 
 96ta((; 289, 290. 
 96ove(i) 289. 
 9Ki(XiQ 64. 
 9iapdq 61. 
 9iXeu 65 bis. 
 9tXijpa 64. 
 9i(jLda) 38. 
 911:610 38, 65. 
 9Xaupoi; 64. 
 9Xa(i) 61, 65. 
 (fXi-fdi 74. 
 9X0^ 74. 
 9Xuapsw 64. 
 9XuSa(i) 65. 
 9X00) 64. 
 9b^E(>> 44. 
 96^1) 211, 219. 
 96^0? 44. 
 901^0? 45. 
 90('vcoi; 50. 
 9oTvi^ 50. 
 90rtdci) 38. 
 90X510? 72. 
 9o|ds 41, 254- 
 4>6pxui; 62. 
 <P<5pt«T^ 69. 
 9opuv(i) 61, 63. 
 9pdrtxa 73. 
 9pai;w 65. 
 9pdCT(j{i> 73. 
 9pd'UY)p 64. 
 9pdi:pa 64. 
 9pEap 63. 
 
 9PTJV 61. 
 
 9pi(j,da!T0[iat 69. 
 
 ?pf^ 73- 
 4>pc^oi; 72. 
 9p£cj(;(i) 73. 
 
 9pOVE(i> 61. 
 
 9pouSo<; 69. 
 9poupl(i) 61. 
 9pudiT(;o(jiai 61, 72. 
 9puY«vov 74. 
 9puif(i) 74. 
 9UYIQ 47- 
 9uXd(jaa) 73. 
 9uXiij, 9uXov 38. 
 96XX0V 65. 
 9up(i) 61, 63. 
 9uadw 38, 39. 
 
GREEK 
 
 379 — 
 
 ipuat; 38. 
 
 fUTEIJb) 38, 65. 
 9U(i) 38. 
 
 (ft!)-(w 46. 
 $ux£s 47. 
 9(i>xit) 47. 
 9(i)Xe(5<; 63. 
 9&)vi(i 45- 
 9(09 61, 63. 
 
 (fbip&bi 6 1 . 
 
 9(is 38. 
 
 XaP<5s 225. 
 
 X&i,b) 231, 243, 247. 
 
 Xafvh) 244. 
 
 XaTos 240. 
 
 Xat'o; 240. 
 
 5^afp(i) 178. 
 
 XafxY) 244. 
 
 XiXai;a i66, 174, 175. 
 
 XaXoto) 166. 
 
 XaXexd? 143. 
 
 XaXi[i,(4(; 166. 
 
 XaXivdq 166. 
 
 XiSiki^ 167, 172. 
 
 X«Xx(5? 181. 
 
 Xajxaf 229. 
 
 XavSdvo) 244, 245. 
 
 XavUq 244, 252. 
 
 X(4os 231, 244. 
 
 Xapi 178. 
 
 Xapi^Spa 175. 
 
 XapaS 179. 
 
 XapcioffO) 179. 
 
 Xapi? 178. 
 
 vapTT]? 178. 
 
 Xdpu^Sts 143- 337- 
 
 Xapwv 178. 
 
 %aTe<i) 244. 
 
 XauXcoSouq 166. 
 
 X«Qvos 231, 244. 
 
 Xii;(i) 231. 
 
 XstXoq 166, 177. 
 
 XstjJiuv 232. 
 
 Xsfp 177 bis. 
 
 XsXtSciv 174, 175. 
 
 XlXu? s, 23, 166. 
 
 XeXij(yffo(i.ac 166. 
 
 XepaSoq 175. 
 
 Xspi*(i? 177. 
 
 Xlpso?, xippo? 167. 
 
 %£(!) 230. 
 
 XTjXin 177- 
 
 XT^V 252. 
 
 xt5p 177- 
 
 XiQpa 177. 
 %6aiiaX($i; 229. 
 XOI? 232. 
 xBtov 229. 
 XtSpa 247. 
 XiXioi 166. 
 V1X6? 177. 
 X(^oE(pae 190, 232. 
 XtTwv 244. 
 Xitov 232. 
 xXdSu 174, 175. 
 xXatva 177. 
 xXaiAu? 177. 
 XXsuT) 178. 
 XXiafvco 178, i8o. 
 xXtS«(i) 174. 
 xXoY) 182. 
 xXoiJVT)? 180. 
 xXtopd? 182. 
 Xvauw 237. 
 Xolpo? 180. 
 %6Xi^ 166. 
 XdXo? 166. 
 X^vSpos 244 bis. 
 XOpBij 174. 
 Xop(5? 177, 187. 
 X(5pTos 177, 187. 
 xaiiq 230. 
 X(!w 231. 
 Xpaivci) 180. 
 Xpaw 177. 
 Xps\t.szlt,(j> 180. 
 
 xp'fi 177- 
 
 Xpfi^icTfa) 177. 
 Xpfu 180. 
 Xpota 180. 
 Xpdvo? 177, 187. 
 Apuodcop 151. 
 Xpuci6<; 182. 
 XpwtJia 180. 
 Xp(iJS 180. 
 Xutpof 230. 
 XwXds 166, 171. 
 Xtoofiat 231, 244. 
 Xcipa 187. 
 
 Xwpf? 187. 
 
 ij^axi? 37, 41. 
 ipaXf? 56, 61, 62. 
 4'aXX(i) 61. 
 ti;i(j.(AO? 21, 37. 
 (jictp 61. 
 ^a6(ii 37. 
 (pa9apds 37. 
 ipiio) 21, 37. 
 
 "i-sTW 37. 41- 
 (jjsXXfi^d) 61. 
 ^leijSw 34. 
 <i;e9ap(i(; 39. 
 ^-rfkafdbi 37, 56, 61. 
 't'Wo? 35. 37- 
 it-T^XW 37- 
 4"a? 34- 
 4)£6upo? 34. 
 i^iXd? 58. 
 (jjfu 34. 
 (jjoXo? 57. 
 ^ojfoq 35. 
 ij^uXXa 61, 76. 
 
 ^ni 10. 37- 
 (j-iixo) 37. 
 (jiuxpds 37, 40. 
 (|;(i)[J.6(; 33, 37. 
 ipwpa 37. 
 
 ya 207. 
 
 'QyuyiQi; 263, 270. 
 
 <^>^ 275. 
 
 tiStVW 272. 
 (iOlfc) 13, 272. 
 
 'Queavos 269. 
 
 (oxu? 6. 
 
 toXevT) 115, 190. 
 
 WIJIO? 2. 
 
 (oiAO? 20. 
 
 (uv£0(jiai 261. 
 
 (pdv 207. 
 
 wpa (care) 191. 
 
 wpa (season) $6, 191. 
 
 'Qp(b>v 59, 191. 
 
 upiifa) 120. 
 
 (J? 104. 
 
 '£2tos 273. 
 
 &X9°^ ^S0| 2^9- 
 uij) 8. 
 
380 
 
 LATIN 
 
 LATIN. 
 
 a i6. 
 
 ab i6, 32. 
 
 abavus 238. 
 abdo 284. 
 abdomen 21, 287. 
 abies 18, 52, 290, 317. 
 abs 16. 
 absens 9. 
 abstemius 315. 
 accipiter 6, 53. 
 aceo 7. 
 acer 6, 7, 86. 
 acerbus 144. 
 acervus 2, 143. 
 acidus 7. 
 acies 7. 
 acinus 3. 
 acuo 7. 
 acupedius 6. 
 acus 6. 
 ad 14, 16. 
 adagium 8. 
 addo 284. 
 adeps 293. 
 adoleo 117. 
 ador II bis. 
 adorior 114. 
 adoriosus 11. 
 adulor 191. 
 adulter 191. 
 aedes 12. 
 aeger 4. 
 aemidus 12. 
 Aemilius no. 
 aemulor no. 
 Aequi 2. 
 aequus 2. 
 
 aerumna 107. 
 aes 107. 
 aesculus 3, 106. 
 aestas 12. 
 aestimo 2. 
 aestus 12. 
 aetas 208. 
 aeternus 116, 208. 
 aevum 208. 
 affatim 244, 245. 
 Africa 20. 
 Africus 20, 300. 
 agaso 2. 
 ager 6. 
 agilis 6. 
 agina 2. 
 agmen 5. 
 agnus 108. 
 ago s. 
 agonia 108. 
 aio 8. 
 ala 2. 
 alacer 135. 
 alapa 141. 
 Albunea 141. 
 albus 138. 
 alcedo 135. 
 aloes 135. 
 alea 2, 116. 
 alga 129. 
 algeo 129. 
 alienus 116. 
 alimentum 117. 
 alius 116. 
 allium 117. 
 alo 117. 
 alter 116. 
 
 altus 117. 
 alumen 117, 268. 
 alutarius 117. 
 alvear 117. 
 alveus 117. 
 alvus 117. 
 am-, amb- 18. 
 amarus 20. 
 ambo 18. 
 ambulo 20. 
 amentum 5. 
 amicio 109. 
 amnis 19. 
 amo 21. 
 amoenus 80. 
 amurca loi. 
 an 13, 22. 
 anas 11. 
 an cilia 2. 
 Ancus 3. 
 anfractus 18. 
 ango 4. 
 anguis 5. 
 angulus 4. 
 angustus 4. 
 anhelo 13, 178. 
 animus 13. 
 Anio 13. 
 annona 17, 261. 
 annus 17. 
 ansa 2. 
 anser 252. 
 ante 15. 
 antiquus 15. 
 antrum 14. 
 anulus 17. 
 anus 10. 
 
LATIN 
 
 — 381 — 
 
 anus lo. 
 
 Anxur 2. 
 
 aper 17. 
 
 aperio 6i. 
 
 apex 17. 
 
 apis 17. 
 
 apium 19. 
 
 appareo 61. 
 
 Appius 18. 
 
 apricus 20. 
 
 Aprilis 20. 
 
 apto 17. 
 
 aptus 17. 
 
 apud 16, 17. 
 
 Apulia 19. 
 
 aqua 7. 
 
 Aquarius 232. 
 
 aquila 3 . 
 
 Aquilo 3. 
 
 aquilus 3. 
 
 ara 10. 
 
 aranea 133. 
 
 aratrum 119. 
 
 arbiter 138. 
 
 arbor 138. 
 
 arbustum 138. 
 
 arbutus 138. 
 
 arcanus 35. 
 
 arceo 135. 
 
 arcus 115, 135. 
 
 ardea 202. 
 
 ardeo 202. 
 
 arduus 202. 
 
 area 178, 187, 338. 
 
 arena 167. 
 
 areo 167. 
 
 argentum 136. 
 
 argilla 129. 
 
 arguo 136. 
 
 aries 114. 
 
 arista 179, 252. 
 
 arma 115, 117. 
 
 armus 115. 
 
 aro 119. 
 
 ars 116. 
 
 artus 115, 116. 
 
 arundo 28, 177, 276. 
 
 arvina 117. 
 
 arvum 119. 
 
 arx 135. 
 
 as 2. 
 
 asinus 2. 
 asper 7. 
 asser 2. 
 assir 8. 
 asso 12. 
 
 astutia 2, 7, 86. 
 at 14, 15. 
 atavus 14. 
 ater 12. 
 atrium 12. 
 atrox 331. 
 au- 16. 
 audeo 273. 
 audio 206. 
 augeo 263, 269. 
 augustus 263. 
 aula 206. 
 Aurelius 154. 
 auris 206. 
 Aurora 270. 
 aurum 206, 270. 
 aut 208. 
 auxilium 269. 
 avarus 206. 
 ave 207. 
 avena 206. 
 Aventinus 206. 
 aveo 206. 
 avidus 206. 
 avillus 206. 
 avis 207. 
 avus 206. 
 axamenta 8. 
 axilla 2. 
 axis 2. 
 
 bacca 46. 
 baculus 262. 
 badius 53. 
 baiulo 262. 
 balaena 65. 
 balbus 63, 191. 
 balo 191. 
 balteus 69, 191. 
 Bandusia 50, 268. 
 barba 191. 
 bardus 103. 
 barrio 196. 
 basium 262. 
 batillum 274. 
 bellaria 194. 
 
 bellua 326. 
 bellum 326. 
 bellus 194. 
 Beneventum 261. 
 benignus 239. 
 beo 45. 
 
 bestia 46, 262, 273. 
 beta 277. 
 beto 240. 
 betula 277. 
 bibo 34. 
 biduum 295. 
 bilis 193, 338. 
 -bills 191. 
 bimus 232. 
 bini 297. 
 bis 297. 
 biso 268, 
 bitumen 35, 268. 
 blaesus 103. 
 blandus 65, 103. 
 blatero 65. 
 blatta 65. 
 bonus 261, 290. 
 boo 241. 
 bos 242. 
 bovinor 241. 
 brevis 199. 
 -brum 191. 
 bruma 69. 
 brutus 96, 186. 
 bubo 38. 
 bubulcus 199. 
 bucca 46, 269. 
 buccina 46, 269, 271. 
 bufo 38. 
 bulla 63, 191. 
 bullio 63. 
 -bulum 191. 
 bustum 38. 
 
 cachinnor 255. 
 caco 258. 
 cacumen 338. 
 cadaver 53, 208, 247. 
 cado 246, 247. 
 caducus 267, 308. 
 caecus 254. 
 caedo 246. 
 caelebs 171. 
 caelo 162. 
 
382 — 
 
 LATiN 
 
 caelum 252. 
 caementum 234, 236. 
 caepe 225. 
 caeruleus 157, 338. 
 Caesar 259. 
 caesaries 259. 
 caesius 259. 
 caespes 259. 
 caeteri 15, 237. 
 caetra 243. 
 Caius 236. 
 calamus 159. 
 calculus 167. 
 calendae 155, 161. 
 caleo 161. 
 caliga 163. 
 caligo 161. 
 calleo (to be skilful) 
 
 160. 
 calleo (to be calloused) 
 
 161. 
 calleo (to be crafty) 
 
 173- 
 callis 160, 171. 
 calo 160, 171. 
 calumnia 20, 155. 
 calvus 171, 172. 
 calx (heel) 160, 163. 
 calx (lime) 167. 
 camillus 224. 
 cam.pus 224. 
 camurus 224. 
 cancellum 159, 215. 
 cancer 254. 
 candeo 248. 
 caneo 232. 
 canis 252. 
 cannabis 215. 
 cano 251. 
 canto 251. 
 cantus 243. 
 canus 232, 234. 
 capanna 12, 223. 
 caper 223. 
 capillus 225. 
 capio 63, 223, 225. 
 Capri cornus 190, 232. 
 capulum 225. 
 caput 225. 
 carbo 161. 
 career 161, 179, 180. 
 
 cardo 176. 
 careo 163. 
 carex 162. 
 carina 158. 
 carmen 167. 
 Carmenta 167. 
 carmino 162. 
 carnivorus 184. 
 caro 163. 
 carpo 168. 
 carrus 160. 
 cartilago 167. 
 carus 163. 
 casa 255. 
 caseus 336. 
 Casmenae 255. 
 cassis 243. 
 Cassius 214. 
 cassus 254. 
 castra 242. 
 castro 214. 
 castus 214. 
 catena 243. 
 caterva 246. 
 catinus 243. 
 catulus 246. 
 catus 234. 
 Cauda 243. 
 caulis 252. 
 caupo 223. 
 Caurus 157. 
 causa 235, 252. 
 cautes 234. 
 cautus 235. 
 caveo 235. 
 caverna 193, 232. 
 cavillor 235. 
 cavus 252. 
 cedo 231. 
 celeber 169. 
 celer 160, 171. 
 cella 159. 
 cello 171. 
 celo 173. 
 celox 160. 
 celsus 160. 
 censeo 255. 
 cento 243. 
 centum 243. 
 centuria 192. 
 cera 163. 
 
 cerdo 167. 
 Ceres 167. 
 cerevisia 166, 268. 
 cerno 162. 
 cernuus 158. 
 certamen 162. 
 Cerus Manus 167. 
 cervix 158, 338. 
 cervus 158. 
 cibus 225. 
 cicatrix 246. 
 ciconia 234, 252, 253, 
 cicur 252. 
 cieo 233, 236. 
 cilium 159. 
 cimex 236. 
 cincinnus 233, 254. 
 cingo 254. 
 cinis 2, 233. 
 cippus 225. 
 circus 173. 
 cis, citra 233. 
 cista 242. 
 cistema 193. 
 citra 233. 
 citus 233. 
 civis 233, 236. 
 clades 176. 
 clam 173. 
 clamor 156. 
 clangor 156. 
 clarus 156, 182. 
 classis 156. 
 Claudius 156. 
 claudo 174. 
 claudus 174. 
 Clausus 156. 
 clava 174. 
 clavis 174. 
 clemens 160. 
 clepo 168. 
 cliens 156. 
 clitellae 153. 
 clivus 153. 
 cloaca 167, 174, 336. 
 Cloacina 167, 174,336. 
 clunaculum 158. 
 clunes 158. 
 cluo (to hear) 156. 
 cluo (to cleanse) 174- 
 Cnaeus 239. 
 
LATIN 
 
 383 — 
 
 coaxo 241. 
 codes 254. 
 codex 243. 
 coelebs 171. 
 coelum 252. 
 coena 228. 
 coenum 252. 
 cohors 178. 
 collis 160, 171. 
 coUum 171. 
 colo 171. 
 colo 160. 
 colonus 160. 
 color 160. 
 colostra 171. 
 coluber 169. 
 columba 169, 300. 
 columna 159. 
 colus 171. 
 comburo 38. 
 comes 229. 
 comis 229. 
 commissatio 266. 
 commodus 229. 
 con- 228. 
 concilium 155. 
 concinno 236. 
 concio 233. 
 condemn o 294. 
 condicio 310. 
 condio 293. 
 condo 284. 
 condus 284. 
 congeries 231. 
 congruo 187. 
 conor 234. 
 considero 249. 
 consilium 152. 
 consulo 152. 
 contemno 314, 315. 
 contemplor 314. 
 contra 15. 
 contumelia 315. 
 contus 246. 
 convexus 269. 
 convicium 271. 
 copa 223. 
 copia 18. 
 copulo 17. 
 coquo 43. 
 cor 175. 
 
 corbis 169. 
 cerium 162. 
 Cornelius 157. 
 cornu 158. 
 cornus 157. 
 corona 166, 171. 
 corpus 169. 
 corrigia 330. 
 cor ru SCO 179. 
 cortex 162. 
 corvus 171. 
 corylus 171, 254. 
 cos 234. 
 costa 242. 
 coxa 254. 
 crabro 143. 
 eras 337. 
 crassus 181, 186. 
 crates 167. 
 creber 169. 
 credo 175. 
 cremo 166, 170. 
 creo 167. 
 crepo 168. 
 crepusculum 168. 
 cresco 167. 
 creta 167. 
 cribrum 162. 
 crimen 162. 
 crines 162. 
 crispus 179. 
 crudelis 165. 
 crudus 165. 
 -crum, -clum 167. 
 cruor 165. 
 crus 336. 
 crusta 165. 
 crux 179. 
 cubitus 225. 
 cuculus 253. 
 cucumer 252. 
 cucurbita 171. 
 culeus 171. 
 culex 252. 
 culina 43, 171. 
 culmen 159. 
 culpa 143. 
 culter 246. 
 cum 228. 
 cumbo 225. 
 cumulus 224, 225. 
 
 cunabulum 252. 
 cunctor 254. 
 cuneus 234. 
 cuniculus 252. 
 cupa 225. 
 cupido 223. 
 cupio 223. 
 cuprum 222. 
 Cures 157. 
 Curius 157. 
 euro 157. 
 curro 160, 166. 
 currus 160. 
 curtus 162. 
 curulis 157. 
 curvus 171. 
 cuspis 259. 
 custos 242. 
 cutio 246. 
 cutis 242. 
 cygnus 254. 
 
 damma, dama, 290, 
 
 336. 
 damnum 289, 294, 
 
 313- 
 dapino 293. 
 daps 293. 
 Dauni 289. 
 de 16, 293. 
 decem 310. 
 decet 309. 
 Decius 309. 
 decus 309. 
 dedico 297, 310. 
 deguno 242. 
 deliciae 328. 
 delubrum 189, 298. 
 demum 290. 
 denique 290. 
 dens 291. 
 densus 307. 
 denuo 23. 
 descisco 234. 
 desero 150. 
 deses 250. 
 
 desiderium 213, 249. 
 destino 288. 
 deus 295. 
 dexter 15, 309. 
 di- 293. 
 
— 384 
 
 LATIN 
 
 Diana 295. 
 
 dico 310. 
 
 dies 295. 
 
 digitus 309. 
 
 dignus 309. 
 
 diluculum 136, 297. 
 
 diruo 133. 
 
 dirus 326. 
 
 dis- di-(apart) 136, 
 
 297. 
 dis-(evil) 297. 
 disco 310. 
 discors 307. 
 dissipo 219. 
 distinguo 304. 
 diu 295. 
 dives 295. 
 divide 273, 293. 
 divus 295. 
 do 285. 
 doceo 310. 
 dolabra 298. 
 doleo 298. 
 dolium 298. 
 dolo 298 bis. 
 dolus 298. 
 domiciliuni 293. 
 dominus 294. 
 domo 294. 
 domus 293. 
 donee 290. 
 dormio 322. 
 dorsum 321. 
 dos 285. 
 drenso 328. 
 drupa 325. 
 Drusus 323. 
 dubius 296. 
 duco 308. 
 duellum 326. 
 Duillius 326. 
 dulcis 328. 
 dum, dudum 290, 
 
 293- 
 dumus 290, 293, 307. 
 duo 297. 
 durus 322, 326. 
 dux 308. 
 
 e 10. 
 ebrius 20. 
 
 ebur 17. 
 ecce I 08. 
 edo II. 
 edo 284. 
 eflutio 231. 
 egeo 4. 
 ego 8. 
 
 elementum 117. 
 elixus 134. 
 emineo, 85. 
 eminus 85. 
 emo 21. 
 endo 14. 
 enim 13. 
 ensis 2. 
 eo 105. 
 epulum 18. 
 eques 7. 
 
 equestris 7, 332. 
 equile 191. 
 equus 7. 
 erga 131. 
 ergo 131. 
 erica 200. 
 erro 123. 
 eruca 125. 
 eructo 125. 
 erus 211. 
 ervum 117. 
 esca 3. 
 
 Esquiliae 160. 
 esse 9. 
 
 esurio 11, 208. 
 et 14. 
 etiam 14. 
 ex 10. 
 
 examen 2, 5. 
 excrementum 167. 
 exerceo 135. 
 exercitus 135. 
 exero 337. 
 experior 67. 
 exta 10. 
 extemplo 314. 
 exterus 10. 
 extinguo 305. 
 extra 10. 
 exuviae 211. 
 
 faba 44. 
 faber 46. 
 
 Fabius 44, 45. 
 fabula 45. 
 facetus 45. 
 facinus 307. 
 facio 46, 284, 307. 
 facundus 45, 275. 
 faex 47. 
 fagus 47. 
 falco 328. 
 fallo 61, 326, 
 falx 328. 
 fama 45. 
 fames 244. 
 familia 284. 
 famulus 284. 
 fanaticus 290. 
 fanum 284. 
 far 64. 
 farcio 72. 
 fari 45. 
 farina 64. 
 farrago 64. 
 fas 284. 
 fascia 41. 
 fascinor 41. 
 fascis 41. 
 fasti 284. 
 fastidium 244. 
 fasti gium 41. 
 fastus 45, 244. 
 fateor 45. 
 fatiscor 244. 
 fatum 45. 
 fatuus 244. 
 Faunus 300. 
 faustus 45. 
 faux 47. 
 faveo 300. 
 favilla 300. 
 Favonius 261, 300. 
 favus 300. 
 fax 306. 
 febris 44. 
 Februarius 44. 
 februo 44. 
 fel 167. 
 felis 54, 283. 
 felix 65. 
 femina 38, 285. 
 femur 38. 
 fenestra 45. 
 
LATIN 
 
 fera 326. 
 
 feralis 326. 
 
 fere 181. 
 
 feriae 321. 
 
 ferio 61, 62, 326. 
 
 ferme 181. 
 
 fermentum 63. 
 
 fero 64. 
 
 ferox 326. 
 
 ferrugo 268. 
 
 ferrum 181. 
 
 ferus 326. 
 
 ferveo 63, 321. 
 
 fessus 244. 
 
 festino 49, 288. 
 
 festuca 45. 
 
 festus 45. 
 
 fetialis 284. 
 
 fetus 38. 
 
 fiber 44. 
 
 fibra 44. 
 
 ficus 47. 
 
 fides (faith) 51. 
 
 fides (strings) 51. 
 
 fido 51. 
 
 figo 308. 
 
 figulus 308. 
 
 figura 308. 
 
 filius 285. 
 
 filix 177. 
 
 filum 177. 
 
 fimus 300. 
 
 findo 51. 
 
 fingo 308. 
 
 finis 51, 299. 
 
 fi0 38. 
 
 firmus 321. 
 
 fiscus 41, 244. 
 
 fistula 51, 244. 
 
 flaccus 28, 74, 198, 
 
 328. 
 flagellum 74. 
 flagitium 74. 
 flagro 74. 
 flamen 65. 
 flamma 74. 
 flavus 63, 182. 
 flecto 72, 328. 
 fleo 65. 
 flo65. 
 floccus 181, 328. 
 
 — 385 — 
 
 flos 65. 
 
 fluctus 65. 
 
 fluo 65. 
 
 focus 46, 306. 
 
 fodio 51. 
 
 foedus (treaty) 51. 
 
 foedus (foul) 35, 50, 
 
 300. 
 foeniculum 38. 
 foenum 38. 
 foenus 38. 
 foeteo 35, 50, 300. 
 folium 65. 
 follis 301, 326. 
 fomento, 300. 
 femes 300. 
 fons 50. 
 foras 327. 
 forceps 63, 181. 
 forctus 72. 
 fordus 69, 174. 
 fores 327. 
 forma 321. 
 Formiae 321. 
 formica 61. 
 formido 181, 321. 
 formus 63, 181, 321. 
 fornax, 181, 326. 
 fornicor 181, 326. 
 fornix 181, 326. 
 foro 63. 
 fors 69. 
 
 fortis 69, 73, 321. 
 fortuna 69. 
 forum 63, 327. 
 fossa 51. 
 fovea 300. 
 foveo 300. 
 fragor 72. 
 fragro 183. 
 fragum 183. 
 frango 72, 74. 
 f rater 64. 
 fraus 69, 323. 
 fraxinus 72, 328. 
 fremo 69, 180. 
 frendo 69. 
 frenum 321. 
 frequens 73. 
 f return 321. 
 fretus 321. 
 
 frico 72, 181. 
 
 frigeo 72, 321, 323. 
 
 frigo 74. 
 
 frio 181, 323. 
 
 frivolus 181, 323. 
 
 frons (leaf) 20. 
 
 frons (brow) 20, 321. 
 
 fructus 65, 72, 328. 
 
 fruges 328. 
 
 frugi 328. 
 
 frumentum 65. 
 
 fruor63, 65, 323- 
 
 frustra 323. 
 
 frustum 323. 
 
 frutex 65. 
 
 Fucinus 47. 
 
 fucus 47. 
 
 fuga 47. 
 
 fui 38. 
 
 fulcio 72, 73, 321. 
 
 fulgeo 74. 
 
 fulica 301. 
 
 fuligo 167, 301. 
 
 fullo 61, 301. 
 
 fulmen 74. 
 
 fulvus 63, 182. 
 
 fumus 300. 
 
 funda 49. 
 
 fundo 49, 231. 
 
 fundum 50. 
 
 fundus 50. 
 
 fungor 46 bis. 
 
 fungus 46. 
 
 funis 38. 
 
 funus 51. 
 
 fur 61. 
 
 furca 62, 73, 321. 
 
 furfur 61. 
 
 Furiae 323. 
 
 furnus 181. 
 
 furor 323. 
 
 furvus 63. 
 
 fuscina 38, 306. 
 
 fuscus 38, 306. 
 
 fustis 306. 
 
 fusus 306. 
 
 fu tills 231. 
 
 Gabii 226. 
 Gaius 240. 
 Galaesus 183, 268. 
 
— 386 — 
 
 LATIN 
 
 Galba 189. 
 
 galea 183. 
 
 galerus 183. 
 
 gallus 183. 
 
 ganeo 244. 
 
 gannio 244. 
 
 garrio 185. 
 
 gaudeo 240. 
 
 gavia 240. 
 
 gelu 183. 
 
 geminus 227. 
 
 gemma 227. 
 
 gemo 227. 
 
 gena 244. 
 
 genius 239. 
 
 gens 239. 
 
 genu 238. 
 
 genuinus (legitimate) 
 
 239- 
 genuinus (molar) 244. 
 
 germanus 189. 
 
 germen 189. 
 
 gero 231. 
 
 gerro 231. 
 
 gesso 240. 
 
 gestio 231, 240. 
 
 gesto 245. 
 
 gibbus 225. 
 
 gigno 239. 
 
 gilvus 182. 
 
 gingiva 251. 
 
 glaber 188. 
 
 glacies 185. 
 
 gladius 176. 
 
 glamae 183. 
 
 glans 175. 
 
 glarea 158, 182. 
 
 gleba 188. 
 
 glis (clay) 181. 
 
 glis (dormouse) 181. 
 
 glisco 181. 
 
 globus 189. 
 
 glocio 180, 185. 
 
 glomus 189. 
 
 gloria 156, 183. 
 
 glos 182. 
 
 glubo 188. 
 
 gluma 188. 
 
 gluten 181. 
 
 glutio_ 184. 
 
 Gnaeiis 239. 
 
 gnarus 239. 
 gnavus 239. 
 gnosco 239. 
 gracilis 180. 
 gradior 175. 
 Gradivus 175. 
 gramen 185. 
 gramia 183. 
 grandis 175, 186. 
 grando 175. 
 granum 188. 
 grassor 185, 187. 
 grassus 186. 
 gratia 178. 
 gratus 178. 
 gravis 186. 
 gremium 189. 
 gressus 175. 
 grex 187. 
 groma 187. 
 grumus 187. 
 grunnio 186. 
 -gruo 186, 187. 
 grus 186. 
 gula 183. 
 gummi 227. 
 gurges 183, 184. 
 gurgulio 183, 184. 
 gusto 242. 
 gutta 231. 
 guttur 231. 
 
 habeo 225. 
 haedus 245. 
 haereo 178. 
 hallucinor 178. 
 halo 13, 178. 
 hamus 225. 
 hara 178. 
 hariolor 167, 181. 
 haruspex 167, 181. 
 hasta 2, 245. 
 haurio 231. 
 liebes 225. 
 hedera 245. 
 helluo 167, 181. 
 helus 182. 
 helvus 182. 
 her 177. 
 herba 182. 
 Herennius 178. 
 
 heres 178. 
 heri 232. 
 Herminius 119. 
 hernia 167, 181. 
 herus 211. 
 hesternus 232. 
 hiberna 232. 
 hie, hoc, 109. 
 hiems 232. 
 hilla 167, 181. 
 hinnio 244. 
 hinnulus 213, 244. 
 hio 244. 
 hir 178. 
 hira 167, 181. 
 hircus 137, 179. 
 hirsutus 179. 
 hirudo 178. 
 hirundo 175, 178. 
 hisco 244. 
 hispidus 268. 
 hiulcus 199. 
 hoc 8, 109. 
 homo 230. 
 honestus 13. 
 honos 13. 
 horctus 321. 
 hordeum 179. 
 homus 192. 
 horreo 179. 
 horreum 191, 197. 
 hortor 114. 
 hortus 178. 
 hospes 17. 
 hostia 245. 
 hostis 245. 
 humilis 230. 
 humo 230. 
 humor 231, 268. 
 humus 230. 
 
 ibi 104. 
 
 Icilius 109. 
 
 ico 109. 
 
 idem 15. 
 
 ideo 275. 
 
 idoneus 11, 261, 275, 
 
 277. 
 idus 277. 
 ignis 6. 
 ilex 338. 
 
LATIN 
 
 — 387 — 
 
 Ilia 338- 
 ilia 338. 
 -ilis 191. 
 ille 116. 
 illtdo 147. 
 illustris 136. 
 imago 4, no. 
 imber 19. 
 imbuo 21. 
 imitor no. 
 immanis 80. 
 immineo 85. 
 imperator 14, 18. 
 impetus 53. 
 imus 14. 
 in 14. 
 
 in (negative) 13. 
 inanis 262. 
 incedo 247. 
 inchoo 231. 
 inciens 252. 
 incline 153. 
 inclutus 156. 
 incola 160. 
 incolumis 159. 
 inculco 156. 
 incus 4, 246, 267. 
 indago 5, 309. 
 inde 15. 
 indico 310. 
 indigeo 4, 14. 
 indiges 239. 
 indoles 117. 
 indulgeo 328. 
 induo 293. 
 induperator 14, 18. 
 industria 320. 
 iners 116. 
 infensus 49, 290. 
 inferi 14. 
 inferior 14. 
 infernus 14, 192. 
 infestus 49, 290. 
 inficio 308. 
 infimus 14. 
 infula 17, 301. 
 ingannio 244. 
 ingens 4. 
 ingluvies 184. 
 ingruo 186 bis. 
 inguen 3. 
 
 inquam 241. 
 inquilinus 160. 
 inquinamentum 252. 
 inquire 255. 
 insece 255. 
 insomnium 220. 
 instar 320. 
 instauro 319. 
 instigo 304. 
 insula 163. 
 intelligo 130. 
 inter 14. 
 interdico 14. 
 intereo 14. 
 interest 14. 
 interficio 14, 307. 
 interpres 66. 
 intoxicor 303. 
 intra 14. 
 intrico 331. 
 intrinsecus 332. 
 invito 271. 
 invitus 217. 
 ipse 9. 
 ir 178. 
 ira 114. 
 irpus 196. 
 irrito 144. 
 irritus 144. 
 is 104. 
 iste 286. 
 ita 15. 
 Italia 277. 
 iter 105. 
 iterum 15, 277. 
 
 jaceo 109. 
 jacio 109. 
 jacto 109. 
 jam no. 
 janitrices no. 
 janua 10. 
 Januarius 10. 
 Janus ID, 295. 
 jecur 109. 
 jejunium 112. 
 jento no. 
 jocus 109. 
 Jovis 295. 
 juba 106. 
 jubar 106. 
 
 jubeo 105. 
 jucundus 109. 
 judex 107, 310. 
 jugerum 112. 
 jugis in. 
 juglans in. 
 jugulum 112. 
 jugum 112. 
 Julius 107, 194. 
 jumentum 112, 
 juncus in. 
 jungo 112. 
 juniperus 106. 
 Junius in, 295. 
 Juno 295. 
 Juppiter 295. 
 jurgium 137. 
 jus (broth) 107. 
 jus (law) 107. 
 juvenis in. 
 juvo in. 
 juxta 112. 
 
 labari 140. 
 labasco 140. 
 labes 140. 
 labium 139. 
 labo 140. 
 laboro 138, 
 labrum 139. 
 lac 127, 185. 
 lacerna 132. 
 lacero 133. 
 lacerta 133. 
 lacertus 133. 
 lacesso 127. 
 lacinia 132. 
 lacruma 290, 3 10. 
 lactes 129. 
 lacto 132. 
 lactuca 19, 267. 
 lacunar 54. 
 lacus 132. 
 laedo 147. 
 Laelius 124. 
 laena 132. 
 laetor 145, 146. 
 laevus 134. 
 lambo 139. 
 lamentor 123, 133. 
 lamia 133. 
 
— 388 — 
 
 LATIN 
 
 lamina 133. 
 
 lana 133. 
 
 lancea 127. 
 
 lancino 127. 
 
 langueo 129. 
 
 lanio 133. 
 
 lanterna 148. 
 
 lanx 76. 
 
 lapido 141. 
 
 lapis 52, 141. 
 
 lappa 142. 
 
 laqueus 132. 
 
 lardum 124. 
 
 Lares 123. 
 
 largus 124. 
 
 larix 60. 
 
 larva 124. 
 
 lascivus 123. 
 
 lassus 129. 
 
 lateo 148. 
 
 later 70. 
 
 latex 148. 
 
 latro 146, 148. 
 
 latus (p. p.) 317. 
 
 latus (broad) 70, 317. 
 
 latus (side) 70. 
 
 laudo 14S, 146. 
 
 laurus 124. 
 
 lautus 60, 124. 
 
 lavernio 123. 
 
 lavo 134. 
 
 laxus 129. 
 
 lectus 128. 
 
 legio 128, 130. 
 
 ISgo 129. 
 
 lego 127. 
 
 legumen 130, 267, 
 
 268. 
 lembus 139. 
 lemur 133. 
 lenis 118. 
 lens (-tis) 148. 
 lens (-dis) 148 
 lentus 118, 147, 148 
 
 bis. 
 leo 123. 
 lepidus 142. 
 lepus 142. 
 levir 295. 
 levis 133. 
 ISvis 129. 
 
 lex 128. 
 
 liber 142. 
 
 liber 140. 
 
 Liber 140. 
 
 liberi 140. 
 
 libet 140. 
 
 Libitina 140 bis. 
 
 libo 140. 
 
 libra 142. 
 
 libro 142. 
 
 libum 140. 
 
 liceor 135. 
 
 licet 135. 
 
 licium 132. 
 
 lien 72. 
 
 lignum 130, 306. 
 
 ligo (to bind) 132. 
 
 ligo (mattock) 134, 
 
 lilium 124. 
 lima 134. 
 limax 118. 
 limbus 142. 
 limen 132. 
 limes 132. 
 limo 126. 
 
 limus (askant) 132. 
 limus (slime) 140. 
 lingo 127. 
 lingua 127, 290. 
 lino 118. 
 linquo 135. 
 linter 59 bis, 148. 
 linum 118. 
 lippus 140. 
 liquet 135, 136. 
 liquor 135. 
 lira 134. 
 Liris 60. 
 lis 317. 
 lito 145. 
 littera 118. 
 lit us 147. 
 lituus 147, 148. 
 lividus 58, 118. 
 lixa 127. 
 lixivium 134. 
 locus 317. 
 locusta 123. 
 lodix 147. 
 loligo 132. 
 
 lolium 124. 
 longus 127. 
 loquor 123, 136. 
 lorica 60, 293. 
 lorum 293. 
 Lucesius 136. 
 lucrum 123, 136. 
 luctor 132. 
 lucubro 18. 
 lucus 136. 
 ludo 145. 
 lugeo 125. 
 lumbricus 139. 
 lumbus 139. 
 lumen 136. 
 luna 136. 
 luo 133. 
 lupinus 141. 
 lupus 141, 196. 
 lurco 124. 
 luridus 60. 
 luscus 132. 
 lustra 148. 
 lustro 148. 
 lustrum 134, 148. 
 luteus 134. 
 lutra 148. 
 lutum 134. 
 lux 136. 
 luxo 132. 
 luxus 123, 132. 
 
 macellum 91. 
 macer 90. 
 maceria 91. 
 macero 92. 
 macte 90. 
 macula 91. 
 madeo 88. 
 maestus 93. 
 magister 15, 90. 
 Magius 90. 
 magnus 90. 
 majestas 90. 
 malignus 99. 
 malleus 100. 
 malus 100. 
 mSlus 99. 
 malva 98. 
 mamma 82. 
 mancus 92. 
 
LATIN 
 
 389 — 
 
 manduco 87, 308. 
 mane 80. 
 maneo 80. 
 Manes 80. 
 mango 92. 
 manifestus 45, 62. 
 mano 88. 
 manus 80. 
 mappa 82. 
 marcesco loi. 
 Marcus loi. 
 mare 97. 
 margo 102. 
 margus loi. 
 maritus 91. 
 Marius 96. 
 marmor 96. 
 marra 92. 
 marrubium 98. 
 Mars 96. 
 Martius 96. 
 mas 42, 91. 
 massa 92. 
 mater 79. 
 materies 79. 
 matrimonium 79, 80, 
 
 81. 
 maturus 79. 
 matutinus 79. 
 maxilla 92. 
 me 82. 
 medeor 81. 
 mediastinus 86. 
 medicus 81. 
 mediocris 86. 
 meditor 81. 
 medius 86. 
 medulla 88. 
 mefitis 82. 
 mel 83. 
 melior 98. 
 membrana 84. 
 membrum 84. 
 memini 80. 
 memoria 97. 
 mendico 87. 
 mendum 87. 
 mens 80. 
 mensis 81. 
 mentior 87. 
 mentum 87. 
 
 meo 84. 
 Mercurius 102. 
 merda 103. 
 merenda 97. 
 mereo 97. 
 merges 102. 
 mergo 102. 
 mergus 102. 
 meridies 86. 
 merula 96. 
 merum 83. 
 merx 102. 
 messis 79, 89. 
 meta 79. 
 metior 79. 
 meto 79, 89. 
 metuo 84. 
 meus 82. 
 mica 93. 
 mico 93. 
 migro 84. 
 mihi 8. 
 miles 99. 
 mille 100. 
 milvus 100. 
 minari 85. 
 Minerva 28, 80. 
 mingo, 95. 
 minister 15, 85. 
 minor 85. 
 minuG 85. 
 miror 83. 
 misceo 94. 
 miser 93. 
 misereor 93. 
 missile 89. 
 mitis 88. 
 mitto 89. 
 mobilis 84. 
 modestus 81. 
 modus 79, 81. 
 moenia 85. 
 moereo 97, 99, 337- 
 moestus 94, 337- 
 mola 99. 
 moles 100. 
 molestus 103. 
 mollis 98. 
 molo 99. 
 momentum 84. 
 moneo 80. 
 
 monile 85. 
 mons 86, 87. 
 monstrum 80. 
 mora 96. 
 morbus 96. 
 mordeo 103. 
 morior 95. 
 moror 96. 
 mos 91. 
 moveo 84. 
 mox 93. 
 mucro 91. 
 mucUs 94. 
 mugio 83. 
 mulceo loi. 
 mulcto loi. 
 mulgeo loi. 
 mulier 98. 
 mulsum 89. 
 multus 100. 
 mulus 99. 
 Mummius 21. 
 mundus (clean) 87. 
 mundus (world) 87. 
 mungo 94. 
 munio 85. 
 munus 80. 
 murex 97. 
 muria 60, 97. 
 murmur o 96. 
 murus (ripe) 98. 
 murus (wall) 98. 
 mus 93. 
 musca 83, 93. 
 muscus 83, 93. 
 mussito 82. 
 mustela 93. 
 mustum 89. 
 mutilus 89. 
 muto 84. 
 mutus 82. 
 mutuus 84, 89. 
 
 Naevius 239. 
 naevus 239. 
 nanciscor 30. 
 nanus 25. 
 Nar 28. 
 nares 24. 
 narro 239. 
 nascor 239. 
 
— 390 
 
 LATIN 
 
 nassa 337. 
 nasus 24. 
 nates 238. 
 nato 24. 
 natrix 25. 
 natura 239. 
 naucus 29. 
 nauta 24. 
 navis 24. 
 navo 239. 
 ne 23. 
 nebula 31. 
 nebulo 31. 
 necessitas 29, 30. 
 neco 30. 
 necto 30. 
 nefrundines 28. 
 nego 8. 
 nemo 23. 
 nemus 32. 
 neo 21. 
 nepos 30. 
 Neptunus 26, 36. 
 nequam 229. 
 nequitia 233. 
 Nero 29. 
 nervus 28. 
 nex 30. 
 nicto 24. 
 nidor 24. 
 nidus 25. 
 riger 26. 
 nih.l 177. 
 nimbus 31. 
 ningo 27. 
 niteo 24. 
 nix 27. 
 no 24. 
 noceo 30. 
 noctua 30. 
 nodus 237. 
 nomen 32. 
 nomenclator 155. 
 non 23. 
 norma 239. 
 nos 8, 23. 
 nosco 239. 
 novacula 237. 
 novem 22. 
 noverca 23. 
 novus 23. 
 
 nox 30. 
 
 noxa 30. 
 
 nubes 31. 
 
 nubo 31. 
 
 nudus 26. 
 
 nugor 29. 
 
 num 22. 
 
 Numa 32. 
 
 numen 22, 32. 
 
 numerus 32. 
 
 nunc 22. 
 
 nuncupo 32. 
 
 nundinae 25, 32, 295. 
 
 nuntius 23. 
 
 nuo, nuto 22 
 
 nuper 22. 
 
 nurus 27. 
 
 nuto 22. 
 
 nutrio 27. 
 
 nutrix 27. 
 
 nux 29, 237. 
 
 ob, obs-, op-, cm- 17. 
 obesus 21, 269. 
 obex 262. 
 obliquus 132. 
 oboedio 206. 
 obscoenus 252. 
 obscurus 242. 
 obses 17. 
 obstetrix 285. 
 occo 7. 
 ocior 6. 
 
 ocreae 2, 7, 268. 
 octo 3. 
 oculus 8. 
 odi 273. 
 odor 214. 
 Ofella 18. 
 offa 18. 
 olea 117. 
 oleo 117. 
 oleum 117. 
 olim 191. 
 olla 117. 
 olor 114. 
 olus 117, 182. 
 omasum 20, 92. 
 omen 20, 207. 
 omentum 21, 207. 
 omitto 221. 
 
 omms 1 7. 
 onus 13. 
 onustus 13. 
 opes 18. 
 opilio 56, 206. 
 opimus 18. 
 opinor 17. 
 oportet 66. 
 oportunus 65. 
 opperior 67. 
 Oppianus 18. 
 oppido 17. 
 oppidum 17. 
 optimus 18. 
 opto 18. 
 opus 18. 
 ora 208. 
 
 oraculum 9, 114. 
 orbis 138. 
 orbus 138. 
 orcus 200. 
 ordo 114, 202. 
 origo 114. 
 orior 114. 
 orno 116. 
 ornus 114. 
 oro 9, 114. 
 OS (oris) 9. 
 OS (ossis) 2. 
 Osci 270. 
 oscito 9. 
 ostium 266, 270. 
 otium 277. 
 ovile 191, 206. 
 ovis 206. 
 ovo 206. 
 ovum 207. 
 
 pabulum 33. 
 pactio 40. 
 paedor 35. 
 paene 52. 
 pagina 40. 
 pagus 40. 
 palam 45, 62. 
 Palatinus 70, 206.] 
 palatum 70. 
 palea 58. 
 Pales 12, 70, 206. 
 palleo 58. 
 pallium 56. 
 
LATIN 
 
 — 391 — 
 
 palma 62. 
 palor 56. 
 palpito 62. 
 paludamentum 56, 
 
 277. 
 palumba 169. 
 palus (stake) 56. 
 palus (swamp) 57, 
 
 276. 
 palustris 57. 
 pampinus 39, 52. 
 pando 50, 51. 
 pandus 50 
 pango 29, 40. 
 panis 33. 
 pannus 52. 
 papaver 37, 44. 
 papilio 39. 
 papilla 39. 
 par 67. 
 Parca 77. 
 parous 75, 
 pareo 67. 
 paries 67. 
 pario 61. 
 paro 66. 
 parra 61. 
 pars 65. 
 parum 338. 
 parvus 37. 
 pascor 33. 
 passae 338. 
 passer 41. 
 
 passus (fathom) 51. 
 passus (pace) 53. 
 pateo 50, 51. 
 pater 36. 
 patera 34, 51. 
 patior 50. 
 patro 36. 
 paucus 37. 
 paullus 37. 
 pauper 338. 
 paveo 34, 37. 
 pavio 37. 
 pax 40. 
 
 paxillus, palus 40. 
 pecco 41. 
 pecto 41. 
 pectus 40. 
 pecus 40. 
 
 pedestris 54, 232. 
 pedica 54, 267. 
 pediculus 54. 
 pedo 50. 
 pedum 54. 
 pejor 40. 
 pellis 59. 
 pello 62. 
 pelvis s6, 134. 
 Penates 33. 
 pendeo 49. 
 penes 33. 
 penis 42. 
 penna 53. 
 penuria 33. 
 penus 33, 208. 
 per- (through) 67. 
 per- (intensive) 57. 
 per- (negative) 57. 
 peragro 6. 
 percontor 157, 248. 
 perdo 42, 284. 
 pereo 57. 
 peritus 67. 
 perna 61. 
 pemix 61. 
 pero 61. 
 perperam 57. 
 pertica 71. 
 pervicax 265, 271. 
 pes 54. 
 pessulus 40. 
 pestis 42. 
 petigo 54. 
 petiolus 54. 
 peto so, 53. 
 Petreius 248. 
 pietas 35- 
 piger 40. 
 piget 40- 
 pignus 40. 
 pila 58. 
 pileus 58. 
 pilum 58. 
 pilus 58. 
 pincerna 193. 
 pingo 42. 
 pinguis 35. 
 pinna 53. 
 pinso 42. 
 pinus 35. 
 
 Pipio 35- 
 
 pirus 38. 
 
 pisds 42. 
 
 Piso 42. 
 
 pistillum, pllum 42 
 
 pisum 42. 
 
 pituita 35. 
 
 pius3S. 
 
 pix 42. 
 
 placeo 76. 
 
 placo 76. 
 
 plaga 75. 
 
 Plancus 76. 
 
 plango 75. 
 
 planta 70, 71. 
 
 planus (tramp) 56. 
 
 planus (plain) 76. 
 
 plaudo 70. 
 
 plebs 60. 
 
 plecto 75. 
 
 plenus 60. 
 
 plico 75. 
 
 ploro 59. 
 
 pluma 59. 
 
 plumbum 169. 
 
 plus 60. 
 
 pluvia 59. 
 
 poculum 34. 
 
 podex 50. 
 
 ppena 33. 
 
 poenitet 33. 
 
 polenta 60. 
 
 polio 58. 
 
 pollen 58. 
 
 polleo 60. 
 
 pollex 76. 
 
 poUiceor 135- 
 
 pollingo 57, 75, 308. 
 
 polluo 57. 
 
 pomum 33. 
 
 pondus 49. 
 
 pono 54. 
 
 pons 53. 
 
 pontifex 49. 
 
 Pontius 44. 
 
 popina 43. 
 
 poples 59. 
 
 populor 56. 
 
 populus (people) 60. 
 
 populus (poplar) 60. 
 
 Porcius 76. 
 
392 — 
 
 LATIN 
 
 porcus 77. 
 porro 68. 
 porrum 77. 
 porta 67. 
 porto 67. 
 posco 36. 
 possideo 36. 
 possum 36. 
 post 49 tis. 
 potestas 36. 
 potior 36. 
 poto 34. 
 prae 68. 
 praeco 271. 
 praedium 277. 
 praedo 70, 245. 
 praefica 271. 
 praernium 66. 
 praepes 53. 
 praes 277. 
 praesagium 255. 
 praesertim 151. 
 praestigiae 304. 
 praesul 152. 
 praetextus 301. 
 prandium 245. 
 pratura 70. 
 pravus 59. 
 precor 77. 
 prehendo 245. 
 premo 67. 
 prior 68. 
 priscus 68, 77. 
 pristinus 68, 77. 
 privo 66. 
 privus 66, 68. 
 pro 57, 68. 
 probrum 59. 
 probus 59. 
 procax 76. 
 procella 160. 
 procerus 158. 
 procus 76, 77. 
 prodigium 310. 
 prodigus 4, 310. 
 proelium 69. 
 profundus 50. 
 pronus 59. 
 propago 40. 
 prope 68. 
 propitius 35. 
 
 proprius 68. 
 prosa 59. 
 prosapia 219. 
 prosper 59. 
 protervus 319. 
 proverbium 59. 
 provincia 59, 267. 
 pruina 37. 
 pruna 37. 
 prunus 37. 
 pubertas 35. 
 publicus 60. 
 pudet 35, so. 
 puer 34. 
 pugnus 40. 
 pulcer 77. 
 pulex 76. 
 pullus (dark) 57. 
 pullus (foal) 57. 
 pulmo 60, 62. 
 pulpitum 62. 
 puis 57, 60. 
 pulso 62. 
 pulvinar 54. 
 pulvis 49, 54. 
 pumex 35. 
 pumilio 35. 
 pungo 29, 42. 
 pupa 39. 
 puppis 39. 
 purus 37. 
 pus 35. 
 
 pusus, pusillus 43. 
 puteo 35, 50. 
 puteus 50. 
 putidus 34. 
 puto (to prune) 37. 
 puto (to think) 50. 
 putris 34. 
 pyrus 38. 
 
 quaere 157, 255. 
 quaeso 255. 
 qualus 171. 
 quam 228, 258. 
 quantus 258, 277. 
 quasillus 171. 
 quasso 233. 
 quatio 231, 233. 
 quatuor 248. 
 -que 237. 
 
 queo 233. 
 quercetum 11. 
 quercus 157. 
 queror 157. 
 qui 258. 
 quies 236. 
 quinque 43. 
 Quirinalia 157. 
 Quirinus 157. 
 quirito 157. 
 quis 258. 
 
 quisquiliae 171, 252. 
 quot 258, 277. 
 
 rabies 120, 139. 
 racemus 133. 
 radius 144. 
 radix 202. 
 rado 146. 
 ramentum 133. 
 ramus 133. 
 rana 118. 
 rancidus 125. 
 rancura 125. 
 rapio 141. 
 rarus 119, 199. 
 rastrum 146. 
 ratio 144. 
 ratis 119, 144. 
 raucus 120. 
 ravis 120. 
 
 re-57- 
 Reate 165. 
 recens 125. 
 rectus 130 
 redimio 21, 293. 
 refuto 231. 
 regio 130. 
 rego 130. 
 religio 51, 132. 
 teliquus 135. 
 Remus 67. 
 remus 119. 
 renes 72, 118. 
 reor 144. 
 repente 142. 
 reperio 67. 
 repo 142. 
 repudio 49. 
 res 144. 
 
LATIN 
 
 — 393 
 
 reses 250. 
 resina 165. 
 restauro 319. 
 restis 148. 
 
 rete 147. iS^- 
 
 reus 338. 
 
 rex 130. 
 
 rictus 125. 
 
 rideo 146. 
 
 rigeo 130. 
 
 rigo 125. 
 
 rima 116, 125. 
 
 ringo 125. 
 
 ripa 141. 
 
 rite 91, 116, 144. 
 
 ritus 116, 144. 
 
 rivalis 165. 
 
 rivus 165. 
 
 rixa 125. 
 
 robur 165. 
 
 robustus 165. 
 
 rodo 146. 
 
 rogo 130. 
 
 rogus 130. 
 
 Roma 165. 
 
 Romulus 67. 
 
 ros 119, 199. 
 
 rostrum 123, 146. 
 
 rota 144. 
 
 rotundus 144, 277. 
 
 ruber 149. 
 
 rubeta 149. 
 
 rubigo 149. 
 
 rubus 141, 149. 
 
 ructo 125. 
 
 rudens 148. 
 
 rudis 146. 
 
 rudo 146. 
 
 rudus 146. 
 
 rufus 149. 
 
 ruga 125, 200. 
 
 rugio 125. 
 
 ruina 133, 165. 
 
 rumen 118, 125, 165. 
 
 rumino 125. 
 
 rumor 118, 120. 
 
 rumpo 141. 
 
 runco 125. 
 
 ruo 118, 133. 
 
 rupes 141. 
 
 rus 119. 
 
 Sabinus 229. 
 
 Sabulum 213. 
 
 saburra 213. 
 
 sacer 255. 
 
 saeclum 216. 
 
 saepe 219. 
 
 saepio 219. 
 
 saevus 210. 
 
 sagax 256. 
 
 sagina 256. 
 
 sagitta 256. 
 
 sagum 256. 
 
 sal 163. 
 
 salebrae 163. 
 
 salio 163. 
 
 saliva 163. 
 
 salix 164. 
 
 saltern 154. 
 
 salto 163. 
 
 saltus (forest) 164. 
 
 salvus 154. 
 
 Samnis 229. 
 
 sancio 255. 
 
 sane 9. 
 
 sanguis 255. 
 
 sanies 213, 255. 
 
 sannio 211, 250. 
 
 sanus 213. 
 
 sapo 213. 
 
 sapor 213, 219, 223. 
 
 sarcio 126, 151, 218. 
 
 sarculum 126. 
 
 sarmentum 126, 142, 
 
 151- 
 Sarnus 152. 
 sarrio 152. 
 sartago 151, 262. 
 satelles 317. 
 satio 215. 
 satis 215. 
 satur 216. 
 
 Satumusi93,2i6,232. 
 saucius 216. 
 saxum 257. 
 scabellum 222. 
 scabo 222. 
 scaevus 210. 
 scala 247. 
 scalp o 143. 
 scando 247. 
 
 scapula 222. 
 scapus 222. 
 scaturio 231, 233. 
 scelus 167. 
 scindo 247. 
 scintilla 247. 
 scio (to saw) 234. 
 scio (to know) 235. 
 scipio 222. 
 Bcirpus 169. 
 scisco 235. 
 scobs 222. 
 scopae 222. 
 scortum 162. 
 screo 167. 
 scribo 143. 
 scrobs 143. 
 scrofa 143. 
 scrupus 143. 
 scrutinor 162. 
 sculpo 143. 
 scurra 160. 
 scutum 242. 
 se, sese 210. 
 sebum 210. 
 seco 257. 
 secundus 257. 
 securis 257. 
 securus 157, 210. 
 secus 257. 
 sed 210. 
 sedeo 250. 
 seditio 210. 
 sedo 250. 
 sedulus 248. 
 seges 256. 
 segnis 239. 
 sella 250. 
 semel 227. 
 semen 215. 
 semis 228. 
 semita 218. 
 Semo Sancus 229. 
 semper 56, 66, 67, 250. 
 senex 250. 
 senium 250. 
 sensim 250. 
 sensus 249. 
 sententia 9. 
 sentina 214, 249. 
 sentio 9, 249. 
 
394 
 
 LATIN 
 
 sentis 249. 
 sentus 249. 
 seorsim 210. 
 sepelio 75, 220. 
 septem 221. 
 sequester 257. 
 sequor 257. 
 sera 151. 
 serenus 154- 
 Sergius 126. 
 series 151- 
 serius 144, 151. 
 sermo 151. 
 sero (to twine) 151. 
 sero (to sow) 211, 215. 
 sero (too late) 152, 
 
 164. 
 serpo 142. 
 serra 151. 
 serracum 152. 
 sertum 151. 
 serum 164. 
 serus 164. 
 servo 154. 
 servus 154. 
 seta 249. 
 severus 144, 151. 
 sevum 210. 
 sex 258. 
 sexus 257, 258. 
 si 211. 
 siccus 216. 
 sidus 249. 
 signum 216, 256. 
 sileo 254. 
 silex 158. 
 siligo 159. 
 silva 164. 
 s.lvestris 332. 
 S.mbruina 229. 
 similis 227. 
 simul 227. 
 sin 211. 
 sincerus 161. 
 sine 211, 252. 
 singultio 256. 
 singulus 256. 
 sinister 15, 211. 
 sino 211. 
 sinuo 211. 
 sisto 283. 
 
 sitis 216. 
 
 situla 216. 
 
 situs (site) 218, 233. 
 
 situs (mold) 216. 
 
 sobrjus 229. 
 
 soccus 216. 
 
 socer 156. 
 
 socius 257. 
 
 socors 210. 
 
 sodes 249. 
 
 sol 154. 
 
 solea 152, 248. 
 
 solennis 154. 
 
 soleo 152, 154. 
 
 solers 154. 
 
 solidus 152, 277. 
 
 solitarius 154, 319. 
 
 solium 152, 250. 
 
 soUemnis 17, 154. 
 
 sollicito 134, 154, 210. 
 
 solor 154. 
 
 solum 152, 248. 
 
 solus 154. 
 
 solvo 133, 210. 
 
 somnus 220. 
 
 sono 251. 
 
 sons 9. 
 
 sopio 220. 
 
 Soracte 154. 
 
 sorbeo 143. 
 
 sordes 174. 
 
 sorex 154. 
 
 soror 155. 
 
 sors 151. 
 
 sospes 18. 
 
 sparge 72, 74, 77, 
 
 spatior 51. 
 
 species 44. 
 
 specto 44. 
 
 speculor 44. 
 
 specus 42. 
 
 sperno 61. 
 
 spero 44. 
 
 spes 44. 
 
 spica 42. 
 
 spiculum 42. 
 
 spina SI, 52. 
 
 spiro 61. 
 
 spissus 40. 
 
 splendeo 71. 
 
 spolio 58. 
 
 sponda 49. 
 sponte 49. 
 spuma 35. 
 spuo 35. 
 spurcus 77. 
 spurius 61, 241. 
 squaleo 167. 
 squama 234. 
 squatina 234. 
 stabilis 283. 
 stagnum 305. 
 stamen 283. 
 stannum 305. 
 Stella 319. 
 stercus 330. 
 sterno 320. 
 sternuo 61, 319. 
 sterto 319. 
 stilla 318. 
 stimulus 304. 
 stipo 312. 
 stips 312. 
 stipula 312. 
 stiria 319. 
 stirps 335. 
 stiva 283. 
 stlocus 317. 
 sto 283. 
 stolo 317. 
 storea 320. 
 strages 320. 
 stramen 320. 
 strenae 332. 
 strenuus 332. 
 strepo 335. 
 strideo 330. 
 striga 330. 
 strigilis 330. 
 stringo 330. 
 struo 320. 
 studeo 291. 
 stultus 317. 
 stupeo 312. 
 stuprum 313. 
 stumus 332- 
 suadeo 214. 
 suavis 214. 
 sub 221. 
 suber 338. 
 Sublicius 132. 
 subligo 132. 
 
LATIN 
 
 — 395 — 
 
 sublimis 132. 
 subo 213. 
 subucula 268. 
 subula 218. 
 sucus 216. 
 sudes 249. 
 sudor 215. 
 sudum 213. 
 suesco 213. 
 Suessa 210, 211, 266. 
 suffio 300. 
 suffragor 74. 
 suggrunda 175. 
 sugo 216. 
 sulcus 126. 
 sulfur 143, 164, 167. 
 Sulla 154. 
 Sulpicius 155. 
 sum 9. 
 
 summus 221. 
 suo 218. 
 supellex 219. 
 super 221. 
 superbus 221. 
 supercilium 159. 
 supersedeo 248. 
 supinus 221. 
 supplex 77. 
 sura 152. 
 surculus 126. 
 surdus 174. 
 sus 215. 
 susurrus 154. 
 suus 210. 
 
 tabanus 287, 315. 
 tabeo 305, 315. 
 taberna 305. 
 tabula 283. 
 Taburnus 305. 
 taceo 305. 
 taeda 288, 291. 
 taedium 288. 
 talis 286. 
 talpa 317. 
 talus 317 bis. 
 tam 286. 
 tango 305. 
 tantus 286. 
 tardus 326. 
 Tarentum 332. 
 
 taurus 319. 
 taxo (to tax) 302. 
 taxo (badger) 303. 
 taxus 20, 303. 
 teges 302. 
 tego 41, 301. 
 tela 302. 
 tellus 317. 
 telum 317. 
 temere 314. 
 temero 314. 
 temno 315. 
 temo 302, 315. 
 tempero 315. 
 tempestas 314. 
 templum 314. 
 tempus 288, 314. 
 temulentus 314. 
 tendo 288. 
 tenebrae 292, 314. 
 teneo 288. 
 tener 288. 
 tenuis 288. 
 tenus 288. 
 tepeo 315. 
 terebra 334. 
 teres 334. 
 tergum 330. 
 tergus 330. 
 terminus 333. 
 tero 334. 
 terra 319. 
 terreo 332. 
 tesca 303. 
 testa 302. 
 testis 303. 
 testudo 291, 302. 
 teter 332. 
 tetricus 331. 
 tero 302. 
 Tiberis 287. 
 Tiberius 287. 
 tibia 287, 312. 
 Tibur 13, 287. 
 tignum 301. 
 tilia 64, 318. 
 timeo 314. 
 tinea 288. 
 tingo 305. 
 tinnio 288. 
 tiro 332. 
 
 titillo 318. 
 titio 288. 
 titubo 315. 
 titulus 287. 
 Titus 288. 
 tmetum 314. 
 toga 302. 
 toUo 317. 
 tomentum 287. 
 tomex 287. 
 tondeo 291. 
 tono 288. 
 torculare 331. 
 tomo 334. 
 torpedo 336. 
 torpeo 335. 
 torqueo 331. 
 torreo 333. 
 torus 320. 
 torvus 319. 
 tot 15, 286. 
 totus 291. 
 trabea 333. 
 trabs 333, 334. 
 traho 331. 
 trames 333. 
 tranquillus 331. 
 trans 333. 
 tremo 332. 
 trepido 332. 
 tres 334- 
 tribuo 335. 
 tribus 335. 
 tristis 333. 
 triticum 334. 
 trudo 326. 
 truUa 334. 
 truncus 331. 
 trux 331. 
 tu 286. 
 
 tuba 287, 312. 
 tuber 287. 
 tueor 292. 
 tugurium 301. 
 tumeo 287. 
 tumultus 314. 
 tumulus 312. 
 tundo 291. 
 tunica 287. 
 turba 334. 
 turdus 326. 
 
396 
 
 LATIN 
 
 turgeo 330. 
 turma 336. 
 turpis 336. 
 turns 319. 
 turtur 300, 334. 
 Tusculum 303. 
 tussio 303. 
 tutus 292. 
 tuus 286. 
 
 uber 21, 276. 
 ubertas 21, 276. 
 ubi 258. 
 -udo 277. 
 udus 276. 
 ulciscor 199. 
 ulcus 198. 
 uligo 117. 
 ullus 194. 
 ulmus 117. 
 ulna 115, 191. 
 ultra 191, 277. 
 ultro 194. 
 ululo 195. 
 ulva 117, 191. 
 umbilicus 19. 
 umbo 19. 
 um.bra 19. 
 Umbri 19, 73. 
 umerus 2. 
 umor 35, 231, 268. 
 uncia 59, 267. 
 uncus 267. 
 unda 57, 276. 
 unde 15. 
 unguo 3, 268. 
 unguis 29. 
 ungula 4, 29, 267. 
 unicus 208, 209. 
 unio 208. 
 unquam 13. 
 unus 208. 
 urbs 138. 
 urceus 200. 
 urgeo 198, 200. 
 urina 193. 
 -urio 194, 208. 
 urinator 193. 
 urna 36, 193. 
 uro 270. 
 urruncum 207. 
 
 ursus 122, 125. 
 
 urtica 270. 
 
 -urus, urio 33, 208. 
 
 usquam 277. 
 
 usque 277. 
 
 ut, uti 277. 
 
 uter (whether) 258. 
 
 uter (bladder) 277. 
 
 uterus 277. 
 
 utor 40, 217, 277. 
 
 uva 268. 
 
 uvidus 268. 
 
 uxor 260. 
 
 vacca 271. 
 vacillo 263. 
 vacuus 269. 
 vadimonium 277. 
 vado 273. 
 vadumi 276. 
 vafer 219. 
 vagio 260. 
 vagor 263, 267. 
 valeo 194. 
 vallis 193. 
 vallum 191. 
 vallus 191. 
 valva 191. 
 vannus 209. 
 vanus 262. 
 vapor 223. 
 vapulo 219. 
 varius 191. 
 varix 191. 
 Varro 199. 
 varus 191. 
 vas (utensil) 266. 
 vas (surety) 277. 
 vasto 262. 
 vastus 269. 
 vasum 266. 
 vates 275. 
 ve- 208, 217. 
 vecors 175, 210. 
 vectigal 264. 
 veotis 262. 
 vegeo 263. 
 vehemens 262. 
 veho 264. 
 vel 194. 
 Velabrum 20, 193. 
 
 velites 191. 
 vello 191. 
 vellus 29, 191. 
 velum 191. 
 vel ox 191. 
 vena 262. 
 venenum 261. 
 veneo 261. 
 veneror 54, 261. 
 venia 261. 
 venio 240. 
 venor 261. 
 venter 244, 277. 
 ventus 209, 274. 
 venum 261. 
 Venus 261. 
 vepres 219. 
 ver 267. 
 veratrum 195. 
 verbena 191, 195, 261. 
 verber 142, 196. 
 verbum 196. 
 vereor 192. 
 vergilJae 200. 
 vergo 200. 
 verrais 191. 
 verna 266. 
 verpus 196. 
 verres 199. 
 verro 197. 
 verruca 197. 
 versor 22, 201. 
 vertigo 338. 
 verto 201. 
 Vertumnus 20, 201. 
 veru 191. 
 verus 192. 
 Vesevus 210. 
 vescor 266. 
 vespa 220. 
 vesper 271. 
 vespertilio 271, 318. 
 Vesta 266. 
 vestigium 304. 
 vestis 266. 
 veto 273, 275. 
 vetus 277. 
 vexo 262, 267. 
 via 264. 
 vibex 219, 267. 
 vibro 191, 219. 
 
GOTHIC 
 
 397 
 
 vicarius 265. 
 vicia 267. 
 vicis 265. 
 victima 241, 265. 
 vicus 265. 
 vicinus 265. 
 video 275. 
 vidua 277. 
 viduus 277. 
 vieo 217. 
 vietus 217. 
 vigeo 263. 
 vigilo 263. 
 viginti 265. 
 vilis 193. 
 villa 265. 
 vimen 217. 
 vincio 59, 267. 
 vinco 265, 267. 
 vindemia 273, 284. 
 vindicor 273. 
 vinum 261. 
 viola 207. 
 violo 191. 
 vipera 219. 
 
 vir 195. 
 
 virago 4, 195, 262. 
 vireo 195. 
 virga 198, 200. 
 virgo 198. 
 viridis 195. 
 virtus 195. 
 virus 268. 
 vis 207, 268. 
 viscera 268. 
 viscus 268. 
 visito 265. 
 vita 241. 
 Vitellius 277. 
 vitellus 277. 
 vitis 40, 217. 
 vitium. 217. 
 vito 217. 
 vitreus 207, 217. 
 vitricus 241, 302. 
 vitrum 207, 217. 
 vitulus 277. 
 vitupero 217, 219. 
 viverra 197. 
 vivo 241. 
 
 vix 262. 
 voco 271. 
 vola 191. 
 Volcanus 198. 
 volgus 200. 
 volnus 191. 
 volo 194. 
 volo 191. 
 
 Volsci 20, 197, 198. 
 voltur 191. 
 voltus 191. 
 Volturnus 193. 
 volucer 191, 198. 
 voluptas 196. 
 -volus, -illus 194. 
 voluto 191. 
 volvo 191. 
 vomer 220, 231. 
 vomo 220. 
 voro 184. 
 vos 210. 
 voveo 207. 
 vox 271. 
 vulpes 196. 
 vulva 191. 
 
 GOTHIC. 
 Old German words are marked with asterisk. 
 
 aba 19. 
 abrs 20. 
 af 16. 
 
 afar 16, 18. 
 aftra 18. 
 agga 3. 
 aggvus 4. 
 aglitha 4. 
 ahana 6. 
 
 ahyan 6. 
 
 ahma 6. 
 
 ahs 7. 
 
 ahtau 3. 
 
 ahva 7. 
 
 aibr 20. 
 
 aigan 4. 
 
 aihtron 8, 265. 
 
 aihvatundi 6, 37, 291. 
 
 -aikan 8. 
 ainaha 208, 209. 
 ains 208. 
 dir 114. 
 dirus 114. 
 airzyan 123. 
 airtha 116. 
 ais 107. 
 aistan 2, 106. 
 
398 — 
 
 GOTHIC 
 
 aiveins 208. 
 aivs 208. 
 aithei 11. 
 aiths no, 206. 
 akran 6. 
 akrs 6. 
 alan 117. 
 aldoma 117. 
 aleina 115. 
 alev 117. 
 alhs 135. 
 alyakuns 116. 
 alyan 116, 117. 
 alyanon 116. 
 allis 116. 
 alls 116. 
 alths 117. 
 amsa 2. 
 ana 14. 
 -anan 13. 
 and- 15. 
 andanems 32. 
 andeis 14. 
 Angli* 4. 
 
 Angrivarii* 4, 192. 
 ans 2. 
 ansts 13. 
 anthar 13, 15. 
 aqizi 7. 
 ara 114. 
 arbaiths 138. 
 arbya 138. 
 Ariovistus* 266. 
 aryan 119. 
 Arminius* 120. 
 arms (arm) 115. 
 arms (poor) 120. 
 arvyo 117. 
 asans 7. 
 asts 2. 
 at 16. 
 atisk II. 
 atta II. 
 aug6 8, 263. 
 auhyon 271. 
 auhns 4, 269. 
 auhsa 268. 
 auhumists 269. 
 aukan 269. 
 aurahyo 200. 
 auso 206. 
 
 auths 273. 
 
 avethi 206. 
 
 aviliud 145, 206, 207. 
 
 avistr 206. 
 
 av6 206. 
 
 azeti 2. 
 
 azgo 2. 
 
 bagms 47. 
 bai, baidths 18. 
 bairan 64. 
 bairgahei 73. 
 bairgan 73. 
 bairhts 74. 
 balvyan 192. 
 balthyan 65. 
 bandvyan 274. 
 bansts 274, 277. 
 banya 51. 
 barizeins 64. 
 barms 69. 
 barn 64. 
 basi 47. 
 batan 53. 
 bauan 38. 
 -baulyan 65. 
 baurgs 73. 
 bauths 273. 
 beidan 273. 
 beitan 51. 
 berusyos 64. 
 bi 18. 
 
 bidyan 275. 
 bindan 277. 
 -biudan 275. 
 blugan 47. 
 blandan 69. 
 bleiths 65. 
 -blesan 65. 
 bliggvan 74. 
 blinds 69. 
 bloma 65. 
 blotan 65. 
 bloth 65. 
 boka 47. 
 botyan 49. 
 brahv 74. 
 braidyan 69. 
 briggan 74. 
 brikan 72, 74. 
 brinnan 63. 
 
 brdthar 64. 
 brukyan 72. 
 brunyo 63. 
 brunna 63. 
 brusts 65, 72, 198. 
 bruths 69. 
 bugyan 47. 
 Burgundii* 73. 
 
 Cimbri* 226. 
 
 -daban 284, 299. 
 daddyan 286. 
 dags 306. 
 dailyan 298. 
 dal 326. 
 -dammyan 312. 
 -daudyan 291, 300. 
 dauhtar 308. 
 dauhts 284, 308. 
 dauns 300. 
 daupyan 313. 
 daur 327. 
 — daursan 324. 
 dauthus 300. * 
 -dMs 284. 
 divan 300. 
 deigan 308. 
 d6myan 284. 
 dragan 321, 328. 
 drauhtinon, driugan 
 
 321. 
 dreiban 325. 
 drigkan 328. 
 driusan 322, 324. 
 drobyan 325. 
 drunyus 328. 
 drus 324. 
 du 300. 
 dubo 300. 
 dugan 308. 
 dulgs 321. 
 dulths 301. 
 dumbs 300. 
 dvalmon 301, 326. 
 dvals 326. 
 
 eisam 107. 
 
 fadar 36. 
 faginon 40. 
 
GOTHIC 
 
 399 — 
 
 fagrs 40. 
 fahan 40. 
 faian, fiyan 35. 
 faihu 40. 
 fair- 57. 
 fairinon 62. 
 fairnis 57. 
 fairra 67. 
 falthan 70. 
 fana 52. 
 faran 67. 
 fastan 40, 51. 
 -faths 36. 
 fauho 42. 
 faur- 57. 
 faurhtyan 77. 
 faus, faviza 37. 
 -feinan 33. 
 fera 67. 
 fidvor 248. 
 filhan 75. 
 -fill 59- 
 filus 60. 
 fimf 44. 
 finthan 50, 53. 
 fisks 42. 
 fitan 50, 51. 
 fiyan 35. 
 flahta 75. 
 flautan 60. 
 fl6dus 59. 
 flokan 75. 
 fddyan 33. 
 fodr 50. 
 fdtus 54. 
 fraihnan 77. 
 fraisan 68. 
 fram 67. 
 framea* 67. 
 fratvyan 71. 
 frauya 66. 
 frathyan 71. 
 Frisii* 68. 
 friyon 66. 
 frodei 71. 
 fruma 67. 
 fugls 42. 
 fula 57. 
 fuUitho 144. 
 fulls 60. 
 fuls 35. 
 
 funa 38. 
 
 ga- 244. 
 gabaurs 64. 
 gaggan 244, 259. 
 gahvairbs 196. 
 gailyan 178. 
 gaimyan 178 bis. 
 gaits 245. 
 gamainyan 80. 
 ganisan 27. 
 ganiutan 25. 
 ganohs 29, 30. 
 gansyan 231. 
 gards 178. 
 gasinthya 249. 
 gasunyon 213. 
 gatvo 244. 
 gaumyan no, 230. 
 gaurs 183. 
 gavi 231. 
 — geisnan 231. 
 Germani* 177. 
 giban 336. 
 -gildan 178. 
 giltha 178. 
 -ginnan 244. 
 -gitan 245. 
 giutan 231. 
 glaggvo 178. 
 glesum* 181. 
 gods 245. 
 golyan 178. 
 graban 143. 337- 
 gredon 17s, 178. 
 greipan 143. 337- 
 gretan 181. 
 gulth 183. 
 guma 230. 
 gudya 245. 
 guns 231. 
 
 haban 226. 
 hafyan 225. 
 haftyan 226. 
 hahan 254. 
 haifstyan 223. 
 haihs 254. 
 hails 160, 171. 
 haims 236. 
 hairda 167. 
 
 hairto 175. 
 hairus 162. 
 haithi 247. 
 haithns 247. 
 halba 171. 
 haldan 167. 
 haldis 167. 
 halya 161. 
 hallus 158. 
 hals 171. 
 halts 174. 
 hamfs 224. 
 hana 251. 
 handus 246. 
 hansa 246. 
 hatan 246. 
 haubith 225. 
 Chauci* 4, 254. 
 hauhs 254, 259. 
 hauith 236. 
 hauns 236. 
 hauri 161. 
 haurn 158. 
 hausyan 235. 
 havi 234. 
 hazyan 248, 255. 
 heito 247. 
 heivafrauya 236. 
 Herminones* 119. 
 Hermunduri* 120. 
 hilpan 169. 
 himins 224. 
 hindana 246. 
 hinthan 246. 
 hiufan 223. 
 hivi 235. 
 hlahyan 156. 
 hlaifs 169. 
 hlains 153. 
 hlaiv 153. 
 hlauts 156. 
 hlathan 153. 
 hleibyan 169. 
 hleiduma 153. 
 hleithra 153. 
 hlifan 168. 
 hliya 153. 
 hliuma 156. 
 hlutrs 174. 
 hnaivyan 238. 
 hniupan 237. 
 
— 400 
 
 GOTHIC 
 
 hnutho 237. 
 hoha 259. 
 horinon 167. 
 hrainyan 166. 
 hramyan 170. 
 hropyan 169. 
 hrukyan 180. 
 huggryan 254. 
 hugyan 254. 
 hulyan 171, 173. 
 -hul6n 252. 
 hulths 153, 160. 
 hunda 243. 
 hunds 252. 
 hunyan 234. 
 hunsl 234, 255. 
 hunths 246. 
 hus 236. 
 huzd 236. 
 hvairban 166. 
 hvairni 158. 
 — hvapnan 223. 
 hvas 258. 
 hvassei 234. 
 hveila 171. 
 hvoftuli 223. 
 hvdpan 223. 
 
 iba 104. 
 
 ibns 18. 
 
 Idisiaviso* 11, 268. 
 
 ik 8. 
 
 in, innathro 14. 
 
 Ingaevones* 4, 261. 
 
 inuh 13. 
 
 Irmin* 120. 
 
 is 104. 
 
 ist 9. 
 
 itan II. 
 
 iumyo 106. 
 
 iupa 106. 
 
 iusiza 107. 
 
 ya, yai 104. 
 yabai 104. 
 yains 104. 
 yer 114. 
 yuggs III. 
 yuk 112. 
 
 kalbo 189. 
 
 kalds 183. 
 kalkinassus 167, 171, 
 
 336. 
 karon 186. 
 kaupatyan 226. 
 kaupon 226. 
 kauryan 186. 
 kaurn 188. 
 keinan 239. 
 kilthei 189. 
 Cimbri* 226. 
 -^kiyan 240. 
 kinnus 244. 
 kiusan 242. 
 klikan 171. 
 kniu 238. 
 kriustan 180. 
 kukyan 242. 
 kuni, knods 239. 
 kunnan 239. 
 
 laggs 127. 
 lagyan 128. 
 laian 120, 124. 
 -laigon 127. 
 -laibyan 135. 
 laikan 127. 
 laisyan 130. 
 laists 130. 
 lamb 138. 
 land 144. 
 lasivs 129. 
 latyan 148. 
 laubyan 135. 
 lauhmSni 136. 
 laun 124. 
 lausyan 133. 
 lathon 146. 
 — lauths 146. 
 leihts 134. 
 leihvan 135. 
 leik 123. 
 leikan 123. 
 leikeis 123, 129. 
 leikinon 123, 129. 
 leitils 147. 
 leithan 144. 
 leithus 148. 
 letan 147. 
 libains 139. 
 ligan 128. 
 
 -linnan 118, 153. 
 lisan 130. 
 liteins 145. 
 Hubs 140. 
 liudan 144. 
 liugan 128. 
 liuhath 136. 
 -liusan 133. 
 liuthon 146. 
 lithus 144. 
 lofa 142. 
 luftus 139. 
 lukan 132. 
 luston 123, 146. 
 Iut6n 148. 
 
 magan 91. 
 magus 191. 
 mahts 91. 
 maidyan 87. 
 maihsts 90. 
 mail 91. 
 maitan 89. 
 m.aithins 80. 
 malan 99. 
 malvyan 99. 
 mammo, mims 82, 92. 
 -mampyan 82. 
 manags 92. 
 manna 80. 
 manvyan 80. 
 marei 97. 
 marka 102. 
 marzyan 96. 
 mats 79. 
 maudyan 82. 
 maurgins loi. 
 maurnan 97. 
 maurthr 96. 
 mathl 89. 
 megs 95. 
 mekeis 92. 
 mel 97, 99. 
 melyan 99. 
 m^na 81. 
 mfendths 81. 
 meryan 97. 
 midis 86. 
 mikils 90. 
 milds 83, 103. 
 milhma loi. 
 
GOTHIC 
 
 — 401 
 
 miluks loi. 
 mins 85. 
 missa- 93. 
 misso 94. 
 mitan 79. 
 mit6n 79. 
 mith 89. 
 mizdd 89. 
 mods 82. 
 -motyan 89. 
 mulda 99. 
 munan 80. 
 mundon 82. 
 munths 87. 
 
 -naglyan 29. 
 nahts 30. 
 naiteins 26. 
 naiii6 32. 
 naqaths 29. 
 nasyan 27. 
 nati 25. 
 natyan 24. 
 naus 30. 
 nauths 25. 
 nei, niu 22. 
 Nertha* 29. 
 nSthla 21. 
 niman 32. 
 -nisan 27. 
 niuyis 23. 
 niun 22. 
 niutan 25. 
 nithan 25. 
 nota 25. 
 nu 22. 
 nuta 25. 
 
 ogyan 4. 
 
 paida 51. 
 plinsyan 62. 
 -praggan 75. 
 
 qainon 251. 
 qairnus 188. 
 qairrus 187. 
 qens, qino 239. 
 qiman 240. 
 qistyan 246. 
 qius 241. 
 
 qithan 241. 
 qithus 244. 
 qums, qumths 240. 
 
 ragin 130, 131. 
 ragindn 131. 
 rahnyan 130. 
 raihts 130. 
 -raisyan 130. 
 -rakyan 130. 
 rasta 144, 148. 
 ratyan 144. 
 -raub6n 142. 
 rauds 149. 
 -rauhtyan 125. 
 raupyan 142. 
 razda 124, 146. 
 razn 146. 
 rathyan 144. 
 reiks 130. 
 -reisan 118, 130. 
 rignyan 125. 
 rimis 120. 
 rikan 130. 
 rinnan 118, 165. 
 riqis 132. 
 riurs 118, 133. 
 rodyan 146. 
 rohsns 135. 
 rums 120. 
 runa 120. 
 
 sa, s6, si 9. 
 -sahts 257. 
 saian 211. 
 saihs 258. 
 saihvan 211. 
 saivala 210. 
 saivs 210, 211. 
 salyan 152. 
 samana 228. 
 samath 228. 
 samyan 229. 
 sandyan 249. 
 sarva 151. 
 satyan 250. 
 sauhts 216. 
 sauil 154. 
 -saulyan 163. 
 sauls 152. 
 saun 9, 213. 
 
 sauths 213. 
 saths 216. 
 Saxones* 203, 257. 
 seins 210. 
 seithus 249, 250. 
 sMs 154. 
 -seths 216. 
 sibya 229. 
 sibun 221. 
 sidus 249. 
 sifan 219, 229. 
 siggqan 216, 256. 
 siggvan 255. 
 sigis 257. 
 siyum 9. 
 silba 339. 
 silubr 143. 
 sineigs 250. 
 sinteins 249. 
 -sinthya 249. 
 siponeis 229. 
 sitan 250. 
 siuyan 218. 
 siuks 216. 
 skaban 222. 
 skadus 243. 
 skaftyan 222. 
 skaidan 247. 
 skalks 167, 171, 336. 
 Scandia* 247. 
 — skapyan 222. 
 skatts 236. 
 skauns 232. 
 skauts 243. 
 -skavs 235. 
 skathyan 246. 
 skeinan 232. 
 -skeiryan 162. 
 skevyan 233. 
 skildus 167. 
 skilya 162. 
 skip 222. 
 -skiuban 222. 
 skohs 259. 
 skohsl 259. 
 -skreitan 162. 
 skufts 222. 
 skuggva 235. 
 skulan 157, 160. 
 skura 160. 
 slahan 133. 
 
402 — 
 
 GOTHIC 
 
 -slauthyan 148. 
 slavan 156. 
 sl^ps 142. 
 sliupan 142. 
 smairthr 99. 
 smakka 91. 
 smarna 96. 
 -smeitan 88. 
 smithon 88. 
 snaivs 27. 
 — snarpyan 28. 
 sneithan 237. 
 snivan 22. 
 sniumyan 32. 
 snoryo 28. 
 snutrs 22. 
 
 sokyan 216, 256, 257. 
 s6th 216. 
 sparva 62. 
 spaurds 69. 
 spedists 49. 
 speivan 35. 
 sp^llon 56. 
 spinnan 52. 
 stabs 312. 
 staiga 304. 
 stairno 319. 
 stairo 319. 
 stamms 312. 
 standan 283. 
 staua 283. 
 stautan 291. 
 steigan 304. 
 stibna 312. 
 stiggan 304. 
 stiggqan 304. 
 stilan 318. 
 stiur 319. 
 stiuryan 319. 
 stoma 283, 312. 
 strauyan 320. 
 striks 330. 
 Suardones* 203. 
 sulya 152. 
 sums 228. 
 sunna, sunno 213. 
 suns 9, 249. 
 sunus 213. 
 sunya 9. 
 supon 219. 
 suqns 216. 
 
 siitis 214. 
 suthyan 214. 
 sva 210. 
 svaihrs 165. 
 -svairban 338. 
 — svalleins 164. 
 svamms 220. 
 svaran 155. 
 svarts 174. 
 svegnyan 263, 271. 
 svein 215. 
 sveran 151, 155. 
 sv^s 210. 
 svibls 223. 
 sviglyon 254. 
 svikns 210. 
 sviltan 174. 
 svinthei 213, 215. 
 -svogyan 271. 
 svumsl 220. 
 
 tagl 307. 
 tagr 311. 
 taihsva 309. 
 taihun 310. 
 taiknyan 310. 
 tains 288. 
 -tairan 325. 
 talzyan 298. 
 -tamyan 294. 
 tandyan 291. 
 -tarhyan 329. 
 tauyan 285. 
 -taurnan 325. 
 -teihan 310. 
 tekan 309. 
 teva 285. 
 tigus 310. 
 -til on 298. 
 -timan 293. 
 timryan 294. 
 tiuhan 308. 
 trauan 322. 
 triggva 322, 330. 
 trimpan 324. 
 triu 322. 
 trudan 326. 
 tuggl 290, 304. 
 tulgus 328. 
 tundnan 291. 
 tunthus 291. 
 
 tvai 297. 
 
 uf 221. 
 ufar 221. 
 ufta 221. 
 uhtvo 265. 
 undar 14, 278. 
 unsis 9. 
 unte IS, 278. 
 us, ur 10. 
 uzanan 13. 
 
 vaddyus 277. 
 vadi 277. 
 vaggs 260. 
 vagyan 263, 267. 
 vahsyan 269. 
 vaian 209. 
 — vaibyan 219. 
 vaihyo 265. 
 vaihsta 263. 
 vaiht, vaihts 265. 
 vainei 261. 
 vair 195. 
 vairilo 194. 
 vairpan 142, 196. 
 vairthan 201. 
 vakan 263. 
 valdan 194. 
 valyan 194. 
 valtyan 192. 
 valvyan 192. 
 vamba 220. 
 vanains 262. 
 Vandali* 274. 
 vandyan 217, 274. 
 vans 262. 
 varan, varyan 192. 
 vardya 192. 
 varmyan 192. 
 vasyan 266. 
 vato 276. 
 vaurd 196. 
 vaurkyan 200. 
 vaurms 192. 
 vaurts 202. 
 vegs 264. 
 
 veihan (to fight) 265. 
 veihan (to dedicate) 
 
 265. 
 veihs (village) 26'; ■ 
 
ANGLO-SAXON 
 
 — 403 — 
 
 veipan 219. 
 veitvodyan 275 bis. 
 vepna 219. 
 -vidan 217, 277. 
 viduvo 277. 
 -vigan 263. 
 vigs 264. 
 viko 263. 
 vilyan 194. 
 vilvan 192. 
 viltheis 192. 
 vindan 217, 274. 
 vinds 209. 
 vinnan 261. 
 vintrus 209. 
 vinthyan 209. 
 visan 266. 
 vitan 275. 
 vithra 277. 
 vithrus 209, 277. 
 vopyan 219. 
 vothis 209. 
 voths 273. 
 vraiqs 200. 
 
 vraton 201. 
 vrikan 200. 
 -vrisqan 197. 
 vrithus 201. 
 vrohyan 200. 
 vruggo 200. 
 vulan 192. 
 vulfs 196. 
 vulla 192. 
 vulthr 201. 
 vunds 276. 
 
 thagkyan 305. 
 thagks 305. 
 thahan 305. 
 thaho 305. 
 thai 286. 
 thairan 334. 
 thairh 333. 
 thanuh 286. 
 -thanyan 288. 
 thau 286. 
 thaurban 336. 
 thaurnus 334. 
 
 thaurp 336. 
 thaursyan 333. 
 the 286. 
 
 theihan 302, 304. 
 thevis, thius 292. 
 -thinsan 288. 
 thiubs 292. 
 thiuda 291. 
 thiuthyan 291. 
 thlahsyan33i,332 
 thlaihan 331. 
 thrafstyan 336. 
 thragyan 331. 
 threihan 331. 
 threis 334. 
 thriskan 331. 
 thriutan 326. 
 thu 286. 
 thuhtus 305. 
 thulan 317. 
 Thumelicus* 312. 
 thusundi 303. 
 thvahan 304. 
 -thvastyan 302. 
 
 Roots given in Gothic are not repeated in other Teutonic indices. 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON. 
 
 kd 12. 
 
 Aella 115. 
 
 baec 47. 
 
 aedre 12. 
 
 aes 10. 
 
 baedan 273. 
 
 aedhm 13. 
 
 aetter 12. 
 
 bael 192. 
 
 aefen 18. 
 
 aex 2. 
 
 balg 72. 
 
 afer 208. 
 
 ahsyan 31 8. 
 
 ban 51. 
 
 agg 3- 
 
 ancleov 2. 
 
 bana 51. 
 
 Aegil 3. 
 
 ange 4- 
 
 banc, becc 46, 
 
 aeht 2. 
 
 angel 4- 
 
 beMan 275. 
 
 ahtan 2. 
 
 Angli 4- 
 
 beadu 273. 
 
 aelf 141. 
 
 
 bedg 47. 
 
— 404 — 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON 
 
 bealu 6s, 192. 
 bedm 38, 45. 
 bccltan 273. 
 beom 38. 
 beorcan 72, 200. 
 beorh 73. 
 berstan 198. 
 besta S3, 
 bi 18. 
 bill 6s. 
 blic 74. 
 blaecan 74. 
 blaed 69. 
 blaest 6s. 
 blavan 6S- 
 bled 65, 209. 
 blJcan 74. 
 bl6van 6s. 
 bodig 278. 
 b6rian 63. 
 brav, briiva 20. 
 breotan 69. 
 bristl 198. 
 broc 73. 
 brtin 63. 
 
 brycg 73- 
 burna 63. 
 bijr 38. 
 byldan 69, 192. 
 
 cag 2S4- 
 
 camb 226. 
 
 ceac 2SI. 
 
 cedp 226. 
 
 cearcian 180,185,188. 
 
 cearnan 188. 
 
 cearu 188. 
 
 cempa 226. 
 
 cene 244. 
 
 cedrfan 143, 188. 
 
 cepan 226. 
 
 cild 189. 
 
 cimbing 226. 
 
 cincung 255. 
 
 cladhyan 176. 
 
 claene 182. 
 
 clavn 174. 
 
 cleofan 188. 
 
 clifan 188. 
 
 clyppan 188. 
 
 cnap 237. 
 
 cniht 237. 
 cnficl 237. 
 col 183. 
 cote 244. 
 cracetan 185. 
 craft 188. 
 cran 186. 
 cringan 187. 
 cd 242. 
 cunnian 239. 
 cvelan 183. 
 cveman 227. 
 cydhdhu 239. 
 
 da 306. 
 daelan 298. 
 dag, dah 308. 
 dal 326. 
 daradh 324. 
 dedgan 308 (bis), 
 dedv 300 
 demman 312. 
 denn 290. 
 dedr 325. 
 deorc 328. 
 deore 321. 
 digan, dican 308. 
 dil 301. 
 dohtig 308. 
 dol 300. 
 d6ni 284. 
 d6n 284. 
 -draedan 327. 
 draen 328. 
 drehnigean 328. 
 dredr 324. 
 -dredsan 322, 324. 
 drygan 328, 330. 
 drysmian 324. 
 d^in 290. 
 durran 324. 
 dust 300. 
 duva 300. 
 dvinan 290. 
 dyrne 326. 
 dyttan 290. 
 
 eddhe 11. 
 eahta 3. 
 edland 3. 
 ealh- 136. 
 
 ealu 117. 
 edm 21. 
 earnian 114. 
 eavan 206, 207. 
 ebbian 19. 
 ecg 7. 
 Mhel II. 
 efstan 18. 
 
 6g3- 
 
 eggyan 7. 
 egl 4. 
 egla 4. 
 ellen 115. 
 ellendi 116. 
 eoton III. 
 eormengrund 120. 
 eornost 114. 
 est 13. 
 
 fadhm 51. 
 faege 40. 
 fagr 42. 
 fat 51. 
 ikm 34. 
 fealav 58. 
 fealh 76. 
 feax 41. 
 fedher S3. 
 felan 62. 
 felaw 75. 
 felge 7S. 
 fellan 62. 
 fedlian 58. 
 feorh 76. 
 ferh 76. 
 fitt S3- 
 flS,n 62. 
 fledm 59. 
 fleogan 75. 
 flint 71. 
 folgian 75. 
 folm 62. 
 fratve 71. 
 fredsan 77. 
 fricgean 77. 
 frignan 77. 
 fugol 42. 
 fullian S7' 
 furh 62. 
 fynde so. 
 f^st 40. 
 
ANGLO-SAXON 
 
 405 — 
 
 gadherian 244. 
 gamal 232. 
 gamen 336. 
 gandra 252. 
 gar 177. 
 gam 177. 
 g^st 107, 231. 
 gedhl 178. 
 gearve 178. 
 geatve 244. 
 gehan 109. 
 geofon 231. 
 geolo 182. 
 gifan 231. 
 gildan 178. 
 gillan 178. 
 gist 107. 
 gistran 232. 
 glaed 174. 
 gl^av, gle6- 178. 
 gnagan 237. 
 g6mo 230. 
 Grendel 175. 
 greot 175. 
 grStan 178. 
 grimman 180. 
 grfnan 178. 
 grindan 175. 
 grUt 175. 
 gryn 178. 
 gyman 230. 
 gyrdan 178. 
 
 hid or 214. 
 halig 160. 
 him 229. 
 hanan 234. ' 
 heal 159. 
 hedp 225. 
 hearfest 169. 
 heavan 234. 
 hegyan 254. 
 helma 159. 
 heitim 224. 
 heordh 167. 
 heorot 159. 
 heoru 157. 
 here 157. 
 hettan 246. 
 hlaefdige 169, 308. 
 hleo 153. 
 
 hle6v 165. 
 hlynsian 156. 
 hlystan 156. 
 hnesc 237. 
 hnoppa 237. 
 hdf 223, 226. 
 h6k 254. 
 holm 159. 
 h6p 225. 
 hracian 180. 
 hrMh 176. 
 hreoh 165, 179. 
 hreovan 165. 
 hriscian 179. 
 hr6f 169. 
 hulc 173. 
 hunig 234. 
 hvaeti 215. 
 hvealf 169. 
 hvelman 159. 
 hvelp 169. 
 hvSne 234. 
 hvlt 215. 
 hvyrft 169. 
 hydan 243. 
 hyldo 153, 168. 
 hynan 234. 
 hyrian 157. 
 hysian 255. 
 
 icge 6. 
 incge 6. 
 ing 4. 
 inn 14. 
 Isen 107. 
 isgicel 107, 108. 
 
 lacan 132. 
 IMh 147. 
 laece 35, 129. 
 laefan 135. 
 laeg 134. 
 laene 118. 
 laeppa 139. 
 laeran 130. 
 laeved 146. 
 lappian 139. 
 lir 130. 
 lattu 147. 
 laverke 124. 
 ledc 123. 
 
 leahan 123. 
 ledher 148. 
 ledhrian 148. 
 Ie6d 146. 
 Ie6dh 146. 
 Ie6ma 136. 
 letian, lettan 147. 
 llf 139. 
 llfian 139. 
 lioxan 136. 
 lippa 139. 
 16ma 139. 
 Ifican 132. 
 luccan 76, 125. 
 lufian 140. 
 
 madhelian 82. 
 maeg 91. 
 maenan 80. 
 maere 97. 
 maev 84. 
 maga 92. 
 malsc 103. 
 mira 97. 
 mise 90. 
 mist 87. 
 miven 84. 
 mearh loi. 
 medu 89. 
 mene 85. 
 mercels 102. 
 mere 97. 
 merh 96. 
 messSre 87. 
 mtge 95. 
 miscan 94. 
 mixen 94. 
 m6r 97. 
 murnan 96. 
 mus 93. 
 mygge 93. 
 myne 80. 
 
 -naegan 29. 
 nearo 28. 
 nihst 30. 
 nerian 29. 
 nest 27. 
 nicor 26. 
 nidher 25. 
 nist 25. 
 
— 406 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON 
 
 -nydan 25. 
 
 of en 18. 
 omig 20. 
 open 106, 219. 
 
 penig 41. 
 plega 76. 
 pliht 76. 
 priccian 76. 
 
 P<il 57- 
 pyccan 41. 
 pyndan 51. 
 
 rad 145. 
 raecan 130. 
 raedan 145. 
 raeran 118, 130. 
 rast 148. 
 r^sian 118. 
 rkv 130. 
 r&can 125. 
 reov 120. 
 ridan 145. 
 rim 116. 
 rinc 125. 
 ripan 142. 
 risan 130. 
 roccetan 125. 
 r6d 147. 
 rodor 145. 
 rlin 120. 
 ryan 120. 
 
 sacan 257. 
 saelig 154. 
 salb&n 129, 154. 
 sare 150. 
 savel 210. 
 scadu 243. 
 scar 162. 
 scateran 247. 
 sceadd 247. 
 sceddan 231. 
 scedhdhan 247. 
 sceorfan 143. 
 sceotan 247. 
 sclte 247. 
 scio 233. 
 sc6p 222. 
 scort 162. 
 scot 236. 
 
 scnncan 173. 
 scurian 162. 
 searo 151. 
 seax 257. 
 sefan 221. 
 sellan 150. 
 s^nian 229. 
 seol 210. 
 seomian 218. 
 siftan 219. 
 sineve 28, 218. 
 sivian 218. 
 slaw 126. 
 slidhan 145. 
 slincan 126. 
 slingan 126. 
 sluma 143. 
 smeccan 92. 
 smeortan 103. 
 smitan 89. 
 smocca 92. 
 smocian 94. 
 -snarpyan 28. 
 snor 27. 
 snyrian 29. 
 spaecan 43. 
 sparran 67. 
 spinnan 52. 
 sp6n 34. 
 sp6van 35. 
 sprecan 77. 
 spryttan 71. 
 staf 312. 
 staeger 304. 
 staehel 305. 
 staelan 317. 
 staelcan 317. 
 staena 288. 
 staep 312. 
 Stan 288. 
 stapol 312. 
 steim 315. 
 steopan 337. 
 steoran 319. 
 steorfan 336. 
 Sterne 319. 
 sticcian 305. 
 stigel 304. 
 stincan 305. 
 st6d 291. 
 st6fe 313, 315. 
 
 stov 283. 
 stracian 330. 
 straet 327. 
 streccan 330. 
 — streon 332. 
 strican 330. 
 string 330. 
 strynan 332. 
 studu 291. 
 styntian 291. 
 sund 213. 
 surian 144, 164. 
 svadhrian 214. 
 svancor 263. 
 svanian 262. 
 svearmian 338. 
 svefan 221. 
 svegel 263. 
 sveord 152. 
 symbel 228. 
 symle 228. 
 syrvan 155. 
 
 tacor 295. 
 taecan 310. 
 taele 298. 
 taesan 307. 
 tah 309. 
 tedmian 315. 
 telg 328, 332. 
 tellan 298. 
 teltian 298. 
 tefih 308. 
 tid 291, 295. 
 ti^r 295. 
 tifer 293. 
 tilian 298. 
 tima 293. 
 titt 286. 
 Tivesdag 295. 
 t6 297. 
 toga 308. 
 t6h 311. 
 topp 313. 
 tredan 326. 
 treppe 325. 
 tumbian 313. 
 tunge 290. 
 tusc 311. 
 tvaefan 292. 
 tyhtan 308. 
 
OLD NORSE 
 
 tyndre 291. 
 
 thafyan 315. 
 thavan 305. 
 theav 287. 
 theccan 302. 
 thefyan 315. 
 thegn 305. 
 thegu 305. 
 thele 317. 
 thedh 302. 
 thedn 287, 288. 
 thedstor 303. 
 thiggyu 302. 
 thile 317. 
 thim (O. S.) 314. 
 thing 305. 
 thistel 303. 
 thoden 291. 
 thorp 336. 
 thracu 331. 
 thrag 331. 
 thragvian 331. 
 thravan 332, 334. 
 thre6van 334. 
 thrillan 334. 
 thringan 331. 
 thrimman (O. S.) 333. 
 th<ima 312. 
 thveran 334. 
 thvirill 334. 
 
 uppe loO. 
 
 vM 217. 
 vadan 273. 
 vaed 278. 
 vaeflan 219. 
 vaege 263. 
 vael 192. 
 vael-fyr 192. 
 vaesend 268. 
 valm 192. 
 var 193. 
 varu 192. 
 vascan 268. 
 vathol 278. 
 veal 192. 
 vealcan 198, 200. 
 vealh 192. 
 veallian 192. 
 veard 192. 
 vearh 199. 
 veax 268. 
 vecg 263. 
 vefan 219. 
 ve6d 217. 
 vered 202. 
 verhdho 200. 
 verold 117, 195. 
 vicce 267. 
 vid 278. 
 vidh 217. 
 
 vidhdhe 217, 278. 
 vlg 263. 
 viht 265. 
 vince 267. 
 visa 266. 
 vise 266, 276. 
 vist 266. 
 vitan 276. 
 vlaec 198. 
 vlanc 200. 
 vlitan 192. 
 vlite 192. 
 v6d 273. 
 vraedh 201. 
 vraene 194. 
 vrisn 200. 
 vrecca 200. 
 vridian 202. 
 vridhan 201. 
 vrincle 200. 
 vrixlan 200. 
 vudu 273. 
 vunian 261. 
 Vyrd 203. 
 vyscan 260 bis. 
 
 ydh 276. 
 ydhan 12, no. 
 yfel 18. 
 ylf 141. 
 yrre 115. 
 
 OLD NORSE. 
 
 adhal II. 
 
 ala 117. 
 
 aefi 208. 
 
 anda 13. 
 
 afia 18. 
 
 ardhr 119 
 
 aka 6. 
 
 ari 114. 
 
 Iirtal 298. 
 
 As, Aesi 2, 3, 106. 
 
 aska 2. 
 
 aski 2. 
 
— 408 — 
 
 OLD NORSE 
 
 S,SS 2. 
 
 audhn 273. 
 audhr 273. 
 aumm 21. 
 ausa 268, 269. 
 axla 2. 
 
 badhmr 278. 
 bagi 46, 47- 
 Baldr 69. 
 ba.lkr 63, 73. 
 baiin 45. 
 bardh 69. 
 baugr 47. 
 bedhr 273. 
 beidho 275. 
 berya 62. 
 bidha 273. 
 bidhya 275. 
 Bil 6s, 192. 
 biodh 274, 278. 
 biodha 274. 
 bodh 273. 
 b6dha 273, 275. 
 b61 192. 
 bol 192. 
 • borkr 72. 
 bradha'"69. 
 bragdh 74. 
 bragr 74. 
 Brisingr 151. 
 broekr 72, 201. 
 bm 20. 
 
 brudhr 69, 338. 
 Br3nihildr 338. 
 bll38. 
 
 bllandi, b6ndi 38. 
 budh 278. 
 byggya 38. 
 
 Danir 290. 
 daufr 300, 313. 
 dimmr 313, 314. 
 Disir 306. 
 diskr 307. 
 doell 300. 
 dorr 324. 
 draumr 322. 
 drepa 325. 
 drlfa 325. 
 
 driugr 328. 
 duni 290. 
 dvergr 326. 
 dylya 301, 326. 
 dynta 290. 
 dyrka 321. 
 
 edhli II. 
 
 egg (edge) 7. 
 
 egg (egg) 3, 207, 263. 
 
 egna 3. 
 
 eidhr no, 206. 
 
 eiginn 4. 
 
 eik 108. 
 
 eikim 6. 
 
 eingi 4. 
 
 eldr 117. 
 
 elfr 141. 
 
 elna 117. 
 
 eykr 6. 
 
 eyrar 6, no. 
 
 eyrir 194. 
 
 eysa 107. 
 
 Fafnir 107. 
 fair 56, 62. 
 fals 62. 
 fela 56. 
 fiall 58. 
 fm 39. 
 
 fimbultyr 39. 
 fior 60, 67. 
 fiordhr 67. 
 fiotr 51. 
 fim 67. 
 fit SI. 54- 
 fley S9- 
 foedha 33, 50. 
 forma 67. 
 f6stra 33, 50. 
 frestr 68. 
 Freya 66, 151. 
 Frigg 76. 
 frum 67. 
 fylklng 60. 
 fysa 35. 
 
 gk 244. 
 gagn 244. 
 gamall 232. 
 
 gaman 230, 336. 
 gandr 246. 
 garnir 181. 
 gegn 244. 
 geisa 107. 
 gelda 167, 174. 
 gera, gora 178. 
 gerdh 178. 
 gerdhi 178. 
 geta 245. 
 gil 167, 177. 
 gina 244. 
 gior 178. 
 glaestr 181. 
 gl6a 181. 
 godhi 245. 
 goedhi 245. 
 graeti 178. 
 Grani 181. 
 gras 182. 
 gridh 178. 
 gris 181. 
 grda 182. 
 groen 182. 
 gumi 230. 
 g3mibr 232. 
 
 hk 234. 
 haddr 214. 
 hadhr 247. 
 haettr 247. 
 hafna 223. 
 hafr 223. 
 halla 171. 
 hallr IS 8. 
 hamarr 8. 
 hamr 224. 
 hkr 161. 
 hardhr 167. 
 H^rr 157. 
 haudhr 214. 
 hefna 223. 
 hein 234. 
 Hel 161. 
 Mstr 247. 
 hey 234. 
 hiala 160. 
 hialmr 159. 
 hirdha 167. 
 hi1i 236. 
 hlakka 156. 
 
OLD NORSE 
 
 — 409 — 
 
 hlaupa 169. 
 hlaut 174. 
 hlidh 153. 
 hlif 168. 
 hliomr 156. 
 hnakld 237. 
 hnita 237. 
 hnot 237. 
 Hodhr 247. 
 Hoenir 337. 
 h6f 226. 
 hoU 171. 
 h61mr 159. 
 hopaz 223. 
 hrafn 169. 
 hraki 167, 180. 
 hrammr 169. 
 hraufa 169. 
 hregg 167. 
 hreinsa 166. 
 hrlfa 169. 
 hringr 173. 
 hrista 179. 
 hrokva 179. 
 hronn 166. 
 hross 179. 
 hryggi 173. 
 hllfr 225. 
 h<in 234. 
 hurra 160. 
 hveifa 223. 
 hvel 171. 
 hver 166. 
 hvila 171. 
 hVlt 215. 
 hyr 161, 166. 
 
 ialkr 137. 
 
 ialmr 114. 
 
 iara 114. 
 
 iarki 137. 
 
 Idhunn 11, 12, 303. 
 
 imun no. 
 
 iokull 4, 108. 
 
 i61 114. 
 
 lotar III. 
 
 iotunn in. 
 
 is 107. 
 
 kala 183. 
 
 kalla 185. 
 kasta 246. 
 k3,tr 240. 
 keyra 187 bis. 
 kioU 183. 
 knappr 237. 
 kMr 239. 
 kn^a 238. 
 knyta 237. 
 k61na 183. 
 koss 242. 
 kotr 246. 
 krika 180, 185. 
 kra,ngr 187. 
 kr6kr 187. 
 kroppr 189. 
 kurra 185. 
 kvSdha 241. 
 kveikya 241. 
 kveld 183. 
 kvidhr (belly) 244. 
 kvidhr (oath) 241. 
 kvistr 241. 
 
 IMh 144. 
 
 ladha 146. 
 
 lag 128. 
 
 langa 127. 
 
 lasta 127, 146. 
 
 lata (to howl) 146. 
 
 lita (to lose) 147' 
 
 laufi 142. 
 
 laut 147. 
 
 lax 127. 
 
 leggr 127. 
 
 leidha 144. 
 
 leiptr 139. 
 
 leka 129. 
 
 lidhr 148. 
 
 lindi 118, 147. 
 
 linnormr 118, 147. 
 
 liodh 146. 
 
 lita 149. 
 
 lodhinn 148. 
 
 loga 127. 
 
 16ga 127. 
 
 logr 135. 
 
 Loki 128, 132, 337. 
 
 lopt 139. 
 
 lundr 144, 148. 
 
 Mta I4S- 
 
 ly6s 136. 
 lypting 139. 
 
 madhr 82. 
 maekir 92. 
 maela 83. 
 maer 83. 
 mil 97. 
 
 mMmr 96, 100. 
 meidha 89. 
 mein 84, 85. 
 m61 99. 
 Mimis 107. 
 miolnir 100. 
 miskr 93. 
 m6dhr 82. 
 moedha 87. 
 moenir 85, 86. 
 mon 85. 
 mondull 87. 
 mork 102 IdIs. 
 morna 96. 
 mund 80. 
 mundr 80. 
 
 nadhr 25. 
 nafar 31. 
 nafn 32. 
 neydha 25. 
 nldh 26. 
 
 Niordhr 29, 337. 
 niorva 28. 
 niosna 27. 
 N6at6n 24. 
 nordhr 29. 
 Norn 29. 
 norroena 29. 
 
 oddr 273. 
 
 Odhinn 273. 
 
 oefa 18. 
 
 oefaz 18, 106, III. 
 
 oegya 4- 
 
 oglir 5. 
 
 61, oldr 117. 
 
 omb 18. 
 
 ond 13. 
 
 onn 13, 261. 
 
 orr 114, I97' 
 
— 410 
 
 OLD NORSE 
 
 pantr 51. 
 
 pigge 35- 
 prydha 71. 
 
 raeddr 148. 
 ragiia rokr 131. 
 raufa 142. 
 regin 131. 
 reykia 125. 
 rtdha 144, 147. 
 riodha 149. 
 roma 120. 
 
 saga, sogn 256. 
 s§,r 150. 
 sirga 126. 
 sedhr 248. 
 sidhr 249. 
 silla 152. 
 sinna 249. 
 skMi 159. 
 skarn 167. 
 skarpr 143. 
 skati 247, 248. 
 skeha 259. 
 skelfa 169. 
 skenkya 259. 
 skeyna 235. 
 skinn 235. 
 sk6gr 254. 
 skramr ryo. 
 skrimsl 170. 
 sky 232, 243. 
 skyti 243. 
 sleggya 126. 
 slita 147. 
 slokva 126. 
 snaedha 25. 
 snar 28, 29. 
 snidha 237. 
 snottung 22. 
 snila 21. 
 s6a 211. 
 sofa, sofna 220. 
 s61 154. 
 sorg 126. 
 
 spengya 41. 
 spilla 58, 62. 
 spior 62. 
 stedhya 283. 
 stefna 312. 
 steik 304. 
 stordh 319. 
 stormr 319. 
 storr 319. 
 straumr 319. 
 strldh 326. 
 svangr 254. 
 svanr 211. 
 svirr 152. 
 sveima 211. 
 sveinn 211, 264. 
 sveit 211. 
 svella 163, 164. 
 svidhna 215. 
 svipul 219. 
 Svolnir 154. 
 svordhr 203. 
 svorr 152. 
 synd 9, 214, 249. 
 sysliga 216. 
 
 taeki 309. 
 tafn 293. 
 taumr 293. 
 tia 285, 295. 
 tldhr 295. 
 tign 309. 
 tindr 291. 
 tingl 305. 
 tivor 295. 
 t^na 296. 
 T^r 295, 337. 
 
 usli 270. 
 
 vaedha 278. 
 vala 194. 
 vanda 274. 
 vandi 273. 
 vanta 262. 
 v^r 192. 
 
 vargr 199. 
 varp 196. 
 v^s, v6s 268. 
 vedhya 278. 
 vedhr 209. 
 veidha 273. 
 veita 274. 
 vdla 192. 
 velta 192. 
 verra 197. 
 vestr 273. 
 vidha 273, 277. 
 vidhr 273. 
 vik 267. 
 viking 267. 
 vild, vili 194. 
 virki 200. 
 v6dh 278. 
 vorr 197. 
 voxtr 269. 
 
 ^fa 106. 
 Yggdrasill 324. 
 
 xggya 4- 
 
 Ymir 337. 
 
 thittr 292. 
 
 thema 332. 
 
 Thiassi 303. 
 
 thior 319. 
 
 thiota 291. 
 
 thoka 303. 
 
 thorf 336. 
 
 Thorr 103, 190, 195, 
 
 319, 337- 
 thorn 319. 
 thrifa 336. 
 throm 333. 
 thr6ttr 326. 
 thundr 288 bis. 
 th<lngi 305. 
 thunnr 288. 
 thvara 334. 
 thveiti 292. 
 thverr 333. 
 thylya 317. 
 
HIGH GERMAN 
 
 — 411 
 
 HIGH GERMAN. 
 Modern words marked with asterisk. 
 
 aber* i6. 
 
 agi 3- 
 aha 7. 
 ahsala 2. 
 amber 20. 
 amisala 2. 
 amma 21. 
 ancha 3. 
 andi 15. 
 ando 13. 
 Anger* 4. 
 inu 13. 
 anut II. 
 araweiz 117. 
 arbya 138. 
 Ast* 2. 
 itum 13. 
 awa 7, 207. 
 
 Backe* 47. 
 bang* 260. 
 Bauch* 47. 
 bausen* 38. 
 bibar 44. 
 bib^n 44. 
 bild 69, 192. 
 bosche 41. 
 brestan 72, 198. 
 brummen* 69. 
 Bucht* 47. 
 
 damf 315. 
 dauyan 305. 
 dehsa 302. 
 demar 314. 
 
 -derben* 325. 
 dienen* 289. 
 dona 289. 
 donar 288. 
 dray an 334. 
 drum 333. 
 dunc6n 305. 
 duster* 289, 303. 
 dweran 334. 
 
 ei 3, 207 
 eifer 18. 
 eisc6n 106. 
 eiva 208. 
 elaho 136. 
 esza 12. 
 
 fah 40. 
 fano 52. 
 fasen* 41. 
 fassen* 40. 
 f^hyan 42. 
 feig 40- 
 fersna 76. 
 Fetze* 49. 
 m6n 58. 
 filz 58. 
 finster* 40. 
 fiuchte 42. 
 flah 76. 
 Floh* 76. 
 Flur* 77. 
 fnehan 33. 
 froh* 76. 
 Frosch* 77. 
 
 263. 
 
 Funke* 42. 
 fuir 38. 
 fuoga 40. 
 
 galli 167. 
 gehen 109. 
 Gemsbock* 232. 
 geri 178. 
 geryan 107. 
 giem 244. 
 ginfim 244. 
 giozan 231. 
 Gipfel* 106. 
 
 hallen* 155. 
 challdn 185. 
 hal&n 15s, 160. 
 ham 224. 
 hariwalto 39, 157. 
 harka 179. 
 Held 167. 
 herza 175. 
 chind 239. 
 hirni 158. 
 chleini 182. 
 chliban 188. 
 hlos^n 156. 
 hopfo 223. 
 chranuh 186. 
 hr^o 165. 
 
 igil 5- 
 ilan 114. 
 innMiri 14. 
 ital 12. 
 
— 412 — 
 
 HIGH GERMAN 
 
 y4g6ii 109. 
 yesan 107. 
 yicht 109. 
 
 Ml 183. 
 kal6n 185. 
 keck* 251. 
 keimen* 227. 
 kela 183. 
 keltern* 174. 
 kirru 185. 
 kliwer 178. 
 klein* 182. 
 kliobhan 188. 
 kost 242. 
 
 lahan 127. 
 lallen* 124. 
 lauter* 124. 
 lazan 147. 
 lebara 140. 
 lenzo 144- 
 -liberdt 140. 
 lipan 135. 
 locken* 126. 
 lohen* 136. 
 Wren 124. 
 
 mago 92. 
 raan6n 80. 
 marawi 98. 
 mas 79. 
 m&yan 84. 
 menza 85. 
 midan 87. 
 minna 80. 
 Mohn* 91. 
 mormurdn 96. 
 -mtihen* 91. 
 murbe* 98. 
 
 naan 21. 
 naba 31. 
 nabulo 31. 
 nacho 24. 
 nima 32. 
 nisa 24. 
 ngbal 31. 
 nefo 31. 
 neigen* 24. 
 
 neisen 30. 
 nest 25. 
 niero 28. 
 -niessen* 
 n6t 25. 
 niitzlich* 
 
 25- 
 
 25- 
 
 opasa 18. 
 Ort* 116. 
 Ostara 270. 
 
 packen* 41. 
 peraht, praht 74. 
 Pflug* 59- 
 Pfote* 54- 
 Pfropf* 68. 
 praht (crash) 74. 
 Pret* 71. 
 
 -quami 240. 
 quek 241. 
 quelian 183. 
 queman 240. 
 quillu 183. 
 quiru 185. 
 
 rad 144. 
 ragen* 130. 
 Rahm* 168. 
 rams 170. 
 Rettig* 147. 
 rieben* 140. 
 rifil6n 142. 
 rim 116. 
 rouchan 125. 
 — ruchan 125. 
 ruodar "119. 
 
 s^an 211. 
 sal 150, 159. 
 sMig 154- 
 saman 228. 
 s^mi 228. 
 sc&,z 236. 
 sceran 162. 
 schallen* 155. 
 Schanz* 243. 
 scheib* 210. 
 scheitem* 247. 
 scheivern* 210. 
 
 schlecht* 126. 
 Schneuss* 27. 
 seid 218. 
 slhte 216. 
 skirm 170. 
 skiulla 171. 
 sliuzdn 174. 
 smahi 94. 
 smellan 83. 
 smelzan 98. 
 smielen 83. 
 smieren 83. 
 smizan (to grease) 88. 
 smizan (to smite) 89. 
 snara 28. 
 spanian 34. 
 spannan 52. 
 spati 49. 
 speh&m 44. 
 Speise* 43. 
 spielen* 58. 
 sp6r 62. 
 spulen* 58. 
 spunni 34. 
 spurt 69. 
 stamph 312. 
 steigel 304. 
 stellan 317. 
 stift 312. 
 stil 317. 
 stolz* 327. 
 strotzen* 327. 
 stumm* 312. 
 stumpf 315. 
 stuol 317. 
 summen* 229, 
 suozi 214. 
 swam 220. 
 sweiz 215. 
 -swift6n 221. 
 swimman 220. 
 
 tandeln* 286. 
 tanne 290. 
 t^t 284. 
 tail 286. 
 tila 286. 
 tobel 313. 
 trotzen 327. 
 t<ihhan 307. 
 tunst 300. 
 
LITHUANIAN 
 
 — 413 — 
 
 tuoh 307. 
 
 weisunt 268. 
 
 tu6n 284. 
 
 welk 198. 
 
 twelan 326. 
 
 wellan 192. 
 
 
 wemmiu 220. 
 
 fila 195. 
 
 vert 57. 
 
 unc 5. 
 
 vs^chu 267. 
 
 unda 276. 
 
 wid 217. 
 
 unst 13. 
 
 wlda 217. 
 
 usel 270. 
 
 ■widamo 277. 
 
 usilvar 270. 
 
 widar 277. 
 
 
 wiehem* 271. 
 
 wahan 271. 
 
 wiscian 268. 
 
 wandeln* 274. 
 
 wolchan 198. 
 
 wango 269. 
 
 wulluh 192. 
 
 wehsal 263. 
 
 wurz^ 202. 
 
 weiden* 277. 
 
 
 zfi.hi 92, 311. 
 z3.1a 298. 
 Zauber* 293. 
 Zaum* 293. 
 zeigdn 310. 
 zeihhur 295. 
 zelge 328. 
 zesawS, 309. 
 -zeugen* 308. 
 Ziege* 308. 
 Zier* 295. 
 zoraht 329. 
 zuchdn 309. 
 zur- 307. 
 Zweck* 290. 
 zwingen* 290. 
 
 LITHUANIAN. 
 Old Prussian words marked with asterisk; Lettish words with dagger. 
 
 ains* 209. 
 akmu 8. 
 aleyus 117. 
 alkune 115. 
 amzhis 21. 
 angis 5. 
 ankshtas 4. 
 ant 15. 
 antis II. 
 ape* 19. 
 apstas 18. 
 arti 116, 119. 
 ashis 2. 
 ashtrus 7. 
 ashtuni 3. 
 
 ashva 7. 
 asla 10. 
 asmu 7. 
 augu 263. 
 aukshtas 269. 
 aushra 270. 
 avis 206. 
 
 bamba 21. 
 banga 46. 
 baugus 47. 
 bernas 63. 
 biyau 44. 
 blusa 74. 
 bluzhnis 72. 
 
 broterelis 64. 
 budinu 49. 
 budrus 49. 
 butas 39. 
 buti 39. 
 
 dazhyti 307. 
 dailus 298. 
 dantis 291. 
 debesis 31. 
 deidas 286. 
 deile 286. 
 deimi 284. 
 deina 295. 
 deivas 295. 
 
414 
 
 LITHUANIAN 
 
 deiveris 296. 
 derva 322. 
 deshimtis 310. 
 deshine 309. 
 devyni 22. 
 dransus 324. 
 drutas 322. 
 du 297. 
 dubus 313. 
 dukter 308. 
 dumi 285. 
 durru 326. 
 
 edmi 11. 
 eimi 105. 
 eishmas 2. 
 er-mirit* 97. 
 erytis 114. 
 esmi 9. 
 ezhys 5. 
 
 gabenti 226. 
 galu 183. 
 ganna* 239. 
 gardas 178. 
 garsas 185. 
 gelezhis 181. 
 geltas 182. 
 gemben 226. 
 gentis 239. 
 geretis 178. 
 giye 240. 
 gile 175. 
 girna 188. 
 gyra 185. 
 gyvenu 241. 
 grabe 188. 
 
 zhalies 182. 
 zhansis 252. 
 zhardis 178. 
 zheima 232. 
 zheliu 182. 
 zheme 230. 
 zhengiu 240. 
 zhereti 183. 
 zhioyu 244. 
 zhmu 230. 
 zhuvis 231, 240. 
 zhveris 326. 
 
 imu 21. 
 in 14. 
 ilgas 328. 
 inte no. 
 irmo* 115. 
 ish 10. 
 
 yaunas in. 
 yavas in. 
 yeishkoti 106. 
 yungiu 112. 
 yus 112. 
 yushe 107. 
 yusta 112. 
 
 kaimynas 229. 
 kalnas 160. 
 kampas 224. 
 kandu 246. 
 kapas 222. 
 kapoti 222. 
 karve 159. 
 kas 258. 
 kaulas 253. 
 keimas 229, 236. 
 kelti 160. 
 kenkti 259. 
 kepu 43, 223. 
 kerpu 169. 
 kertu 162. 
 keturi 248. 
 klausau 156. 
 krauyas 165. 
 kreivas 171. 
 kukuti 253. 
 kuriu 168. 
 kvapas 223. 
 kvepoyu 223. 
 
 labbas* 139. 
 lape 142. 
 lashitt 130. 
 laudisf 146. 
 laukas 137. 
 leiku 135. 
 leizhiu 127. 
 lengvas 129. 
 lenkti 132. 
 lesti 130. 
 
 limpu, lipti 140. 
 Unas 118. 
 lugnas 132. 
 lupa 139. 
 lushis 126. 
 lyti 118. 
 
 inainas 84. 
 mainyti 84. 
 maishyti 94. 
 malone 98. 
 mandrus 82. 
 mankshtau 92. 
 maras 96. 
 mares 97. 
 masgoti 92. 
 matuti 79. 
 mauyu 84. 
 melius 83. 
 melynas 99. 
 melsf 99. 
 melzhu loi. 
 menesis 81. 
 menta 85. 
 menturis 87. 
 menu 81. 
 metas 79. 
 midus 90. 
 migla 95- 
 miniu 80. 
 minkshtas 93. 
 minu 85. 
 mirti 96. 
 mishti 94. 
 moku 90. 
 molis 99. 
 murmu 96. 
 muse 93. 
 
 nabis* 31. 
 nagas 29. 
 naktis 30. 
 namas 32. 
 naras (limb) 28. 
 naras (diver) 28. 
 narinu 28. 
 nashta 27. 
 nauda 25. 
 nauyes 23. 
 ne 23. 
 
LITHUANIAN 
 
 415 
 
 nendre 25. 
 neshu 27. 
 nogas 29. 
 nuraas 32. 
 
 ozhys 6. 
 olektis 115. 
 oras 208, 209. 
 
 padurmu 324. 
 palvas 58. 
 pantis 52. 
 pats 36. 
 pelnas 66. 
 penas 34. 
 penki 44. 
 perku 76. 
 peshti 41. 
 petus 33. 
 piauti 37. 
 pinti 52. 
 pirmas 67. 
 pykti 42. 
 plash taka 76. 
 plauyu 59. 
 plokshkas 76. 
 plusti 59. 
 pota 34. 
 prettif 68. 
 pro- 67. 
 pusle 39. 
 pusti 39. 
 pushis 42. 
 puvu 35. 
 
 ragauyu 128. 
 r^.ginti 130. 
 ramas 120. 
 ranka 130. 
 rauka 125. 
 rekiu 123. 
 rinkti 130. 
 
 sakyti 256. 
 
 saldus 175. 
 sapnas 221. 
 saule 154. 
 sausas 217. 
 sedmi 250. 
 sekti 217. 
 selti 163. 
 senas 250. 
 septyni 221. 
 skaityti 236. 
 skeidzhu 247. 
 skiriu 162. 
 smeetf 83. 
 snigti 27. 
 sotas 216. 
 spartas 62. 
 spirti 62. 
 sraviu 165. 
 stebas 312. 
 stebius 312. 
 stegiu 302. 
 stelluti 317. 
 stoti 283. 
 sunkiu 216. 
 sunus 213. 
 suris 164. 
 svidas 215. 
 svilti 154. 
 
 shaltas 183. 
 shesti 258. 
 sheshuras 157. 
 shimtas 243. 
 shlove 156. 
 shudas 214. 
 shveitziu 213. 
 shvilpiu 155. 
 
 tamsa 314. 
 tarkue* 330. 
 tarpti 336. 
 tauta 292. 
 tavasis 286. 
 tekinu 305. 
 tempyTi 289. 
 
 temptyva 289. 
 teterva 334. 
 tikint* 302. 
 tinku 302. 
 tirpti 336. 
 trimu 332. 
 trinka 331. 
 trys 334. 
 tu 286. 
 tukstantis 303. 
 
 udimas 274. 
 ugnis 6. 
 ugrus 267. 
 ukana 268. 
 ukininkas 266. 
 upe 19. 
 
 vadinu 275. 
 waidimai* 276. 
 vandu 276. 
 vapsa 220. 
 vardas 196. 
 vasara 267. 
 vashkas 268. 
 vezhu 264. 
 veidas 276. 
 veishpats 266. 
 velyiu 194. 
 velku 199. 
 velti 192. 
 vemti 220. 
 venas 209. 
 verzhiu 200. 
 vidurys 87. 
 vidus 87. 
 vilkas 199. 
 vingis 267. 
 wirde* 196. 
 vissas 265. 
 vitolst 217. 
 vyras 195. 
 vyti 217. 
 vyzdis 276. 
 volioti 192. 
 
— 416 — 
 
 OLD RUSSIAN 
 
 OLD RUSSIAN. 
 Bohemian words marked with asterisk. 
 
 azno 6. 
 ankhati 8. 
 anza 4. 
 anzuku 4. 
 
 bayati 45. 
 basni 45. 
 beilu 45. 
 b[v]iti 38. 
 blendan 65. 
 blukha 74. 
 bogti 47. 
 brati 64. 
 bratru 64. 
 breizgu 74. 
 bruvi 20. 
 
 dami 285. 
 desenti 310. 
 desinu 309. 
 desna 311. 
 
 deiyan, dezhdan 284. 
 deilo 284. 
 deiveri 296. 
 divadlo* 299. 
 diviti sen 299. 
 dibri 313. 
 dini 295. 
 dlugu 328. 
 doyaii 286. 
 drati 325. 
 dreimati 322. 
 druzhati 324. 
 dukhu 300. 
 dunanti 300. 
 
 dusha 300. 
 dva, duva 297. 
 dvoru 327. 
 
 gansi 252. 
 govendo 242. 
 govoru 241. 
 gradu (hail) 175. 
 gradu (wall) 178. 
 grulo 184. 
 
 zanbu 226. 
 zem.lya 230. 
 ziyati 244. 
 zlato 183. 
 znati 239. 
 zveiri 326. 
 
 zhe 8. 
 
 zhelandi 175. 
 zhelati 178. 
 zheleizo 181. 
 zheluvi 167. 
 zhena 239. 
 zheravi 186. 
 zhivan 241. 
 zhliaki 167. 
 zhlutu 182. 
 zhreiben 189, 
 zhreiti 184. 
 
 igo 112. 
 izu 10. 
 iman 21. 
 imen 32. 
 
 mu 13. 
 iskati 106. 
 
 yentry no. 
 yikati* 109. 
 yukha 107. 
 yunu III. 
 
 kameni 8. 
 kloniti 153. 
 klytoki 174. 
 konoplya 215. 
 kopati 222. 
 krava 159. 
 kruvi 165. 
 kukavitza 253. 
 kupiti 226. 
 kuto 258. 
 kviketi* 253. 
 
 I£etyriye 248. 
 kinu 236. 
 kislo 236. 
 
 tzeinity 236. 
 
 khoditi 248. 
 
 lanku 132. 
 laskati 123. 
 lenkan 132. 
 leigati 128. 
 leipiti 140. 
 leivu 134. 
 
OLD RUSSIAN 
 
 — 417 — 
 
 lizati 127. 
 
 oko 8. 
 
 liguku 129. 
 
 oleiy 117. 
 
 linu 118. 
 
 olovo 117. 
 
 lyubiti 140. 
 
 orati 119. 
 
 lyudu 146. 
 
 osi 2. 
 
 lozhe 128. 
 
 osilu 2. 
 
 loviti 124. 
 
 osmi 3. 
 
 luKa 136. 
 
 ostru 7. 
 
 luna 136. 
 
 otetzi II. 
 
 
 ovitza 206. 
 
 mando 88. 
 
 
 mahdru 82. 
 
 padan 54. 
 
 mati 79. 
 
 panto 52. 
 
 medu 90. 
 
 pekan 43. 
 
 mezhda 87. 
 
 penti 44. 
 
 melyan 99. 
 
 pero 53. 
 
 menso 93. 
 
 peshti 43. 
 
 mehtan 87. 
 
 pisati 42. 
 
 mentezhi 87. 
 
 pistru 42. 
 
 menzdra 93. 
 
 pisheno 42. 
 
 meisentzi 81. 
 
 pitati 33. 
 
 meisiti 94. 
 
 piti 34- 
 
 milu 83. 
 
 plavi 59. 
 
 minan, menti 85. 
 
 plavu 58. 
 
 mineiti 80. 
 
 plovan 59. 
 
 miniy 85. 
 
 pluku 60. 
 
 mizda 89. 
 
 plunu 60. 
 
 mluzaii loi. 
 
 plusti 57. 
 
 mogah, moshti 91. 
 
 ponyava 52. 
 
 morye 97. 
 
 po-yasu 37, 112. 
 
 mom 96. 
 
 pra- 68. 
 
 mreiti 96. 
 
 priyati 66. 
 
 mukha 93. 
 
 proti 68. 
 
 mushitza 93. 
 
 pruvyi 68. 
 
 m[v]ishi 93. 
 
 puta 53. 
 
 
 pyr* 38. 
 
 na (on) 14. 
 
 
 na (we) 23. 
 
 rabota 138. 
 
 navi 30. 
 
 rabu 138. 
 
 ne 23. 
 
 ranka 131. 
 
 nebo 31. 
 
 rasti 203. 
 
 netiy 31. 
 
 rekan 123. 
 
 noguti 29. 
 
 revan, ryuti 120, 
 
 noshti 30. 
 
 rudru 149. 
 
 novu 23. 
 
 ruzhda 149. 
 
 n[v]inei 22. 
 
 r[v]iknanti 126. 
 
 obruvi 20. 
 
 saditi 250. 
 
 obu 18. 
 
 samu 228. 
 
 ogon 6. 
 
 sedlo 250. 
 
 sedmi 221. 
 sen 210. 
 sestra 155. 
 seiti 218. 
 silo 151. 
 sitzati 217. 
 sladiti 175. 
 slama 159. 
 slava 156. 
 slezena 72. 
 slunitze 154. 
 sluti 156. 
 smeikhu 83. 
 smiyati 83. 
 sneigu 27. 
 snukha 27. 
 srebro 143. 
 sruditze 175. 
 stati 283. 
 stignanti 304. 
 stiza 304. 
 streiti 320. 
 strugati 330. 
 sulati 157, 337. 
 suliza 157. 
 supati 221. 
 suto 243. 
 svekru 157. 
 sviniya 215. 
 svirati 155. 
 svo- 2x0. 
 s[v]inu 213. 
 s[v]iru 164. 
 s[v]itu 216. 
 shesti 258. 
 shiyaii 218. 
 shuy 210. 
 
 tanpu 315. 
 tekan 304. 
 tentiva 289. 
 tepan 315. 
 tesarzh* 302. 
 tesla 302. 
 tetreivi 334. 
 tima 314. 
 toplu 315. 
 trensan 332. 
 treiti 334- 
 tri, tretii 334. 
 trunu 334- 
 
418 — 
 
 RUSSIAN 
 
 tukati 302. 
 -tuknariti 302. 
 tulu 287, 317. 
 turu 319. 
 t[v]i 286. 
 t[v]iti 287. 
 
 vaditi 275. 
 
 valiti 192. 
 veKeru 271. 
 veiniti 261. 
 vesna 267. 
 vetukhu 278. 
 vezan 264. 
 videiti 276. 
 vidova 278. 
 
 vlaga 198. 
 vleikan 199. 
 vluku 199. 
 voda 276. 
 voliti 194. 
 vruzafi 200. 
 vrukhu 198. 
 vykaniye 271. 
 
 RUSSIAN. 
 
 akhat 8. 
 alkat 129. 
 arkan 136. 
 
 bagroviy 47. 
 balka 63. 
 balovat 65. 
 barin 64. 
 bars 63. 
 
 bashmak 41, 263. 
 bayan 45. 
 bereza 72. 
 berek 73. 
 beida 51, 273. 
 beisit 38, 263. 
 birka 63. 
 blagoi 74. 
 blazhenniy 74. 
 blesk 74. 
 blizhe 73, 102. 
 bliodo 69. 
 bludyashkiy 69. 
 bodat 273. 
 bok 47. 
 bol 192. 
 bolshii 72. 
 bol van 192. 
 
 bor 64. 
 boteit 278. 
 braga 198. 
 brazdi 73. 
 brak 73. 
 bran 69. 
 branit 62, 69. 
 bredit 69, 196. 
 brevno 63. 
 brizgat 73, 74. 
 briozzhat 73, 200. 
 brodit 69. 
 brosat 74. 
 bryakat 74. 
 budka 278. 
 buk 47. 
 buka 47. 
 bur 63. 
 buravit 63. 
 burlit 63. 
 bushevat 38. 
 
 dalekii 328. 
 dat, davat 285, 293. 
 davit 293. 
 davka 297. 
 davno 290. 
 
 debr 313. 
 degot 308. 
 derzhat 321, 328. 
 derevo 322. 
 deilat 298. 
 deilit 298. 
 deiva 296. 
 dik 310. 
 d[v]ilda 301. 
 divo 299. 
 dozhd 308. 
 doit 286. 
 doka 309. 
 dolg 322. 
 dolina 326. 
 dontze 290. 
 doroga 328. 
 drozhat 322, 324. 
 drok 328. 
 dryablii 325. 
 dryazgi 324. 
 dubit 313. 
 duga 290, 307. 
 dushit 300. 
 dvigat 290, 307. 
 
 ezh 5. 
 
RUSSUN 
 
 — 419 — 
 
 el ii6. 
 estestvo 9. 
 
 eidkiy 12. 
 eikhat 109. 
 
 gad 244. 
 gadat 245. 
 garkat 185. 
 gasit 231. 
 girya 186. 
 glagol 185. 
 glas 180. 
 glina 181. 
 glotat 184. 
 glub 188. 
 glyanetz 182. 
 gneizdo 238. 
 gnut 238. 
 god 244. 
 golodat 183. 
 golova 186, 189. 
 golub 189. 
 gora 186. 
 gore 183. 
 goreit 183, 
 grabit 188. 
 gran 178, 182. 
 -grebat 188. 
 greit 182. 
 grozd 185. 
 grozit 185. 
 grom 180. 
 grokhot 180, 181. 
 gryaz 181. 
 guba 226. 
 gumno 227. 
 gulyat 187. 
 gurtit 187. 
 
 zakon 309. 
 zarya 183. 
 zelen 182. 
 zerkalo 329. 
 zerno 188. 
 zmeii 230. 
 zorkii 329. 
 zreit 182, 183, 329. 
 zub 226. 
 zveno 290. 
 zvonkii 290. 
 
 zveizda 290. 
 
 zhaba 226. 
 zhadniy 245. 
 zhalo 177. 
 zhalovat 178. 
 zharit 183. 
 zhezl 240. 
 zheK 251. 
 zhelobit 188. 
 zheltit 182. 
 zhenit 239. 
 zhernov 188. 
 zhestokiy 251. 
 zhevat 242. 
 zhidkiy 244. 
 zhila 167, 181. 
 zhir 181. 
 zhnetz 237. 
 zhrane 184. 
 zhrebii 189. 
 zhurit 183, 185. 
 
 igla S- 
 
 imeit 21, 32 (bis), 
 iobka 106. 
 iola 115. 
 iorkiy 137. 
 iotitsya no. 
 iva 21. 
 
 -kali vat 161. 
 
 kandali 243. 
 
 kara 161. 
 
 katat 243. 
 
 kidat 247. 
 
 kit 234. 
 
 klyast 155. 
 
 knyaz 237. 
 
 knut 237. 
 
 kob[v]ila 223. 
 
 kozha 255. 
 
 kokan 254. 
 
 -koi 236. 
 
 koleino (knee) 161, 
 
 171. 
 koleino (tribe) 160. 
 koleso 173. 
 kolodetz 175. 
 komel 224. 
 konetz 234. 
 
 kope 222. 
 kopit 222, 225. 
 koptit 223. 
 korabl 169. 
 koretz 166. 
 korobit 169. 
 kosnutsya 254. 
 kovat 234. 
 krai 171. 
 krasniy 179. 
 krast 179. 
 kreipit 169. 
 krivoi 171. 
 kroit 162. 
 kromei 170. 
 kromka 170. 
 kropat 169. 
 kroshit 179, 180. 
 krug 173. 
 kub 225. 
 kudri 214. 
 kumir 224. 
 kumis 229. 
 kupit 226. 
 kvas 256. 
 
 Kado 248. 
 -kar 160. 
 karodei 168. 
 kast 243. 
 kayat 235. 
 kelo 160. 
 kereda 176. 
 keloveik 160, 265. 
 kerenok 159. 
 kern[v]iy 161, 167. 
 kerpat 169. 
 kerta 162. 
 kerv 170, 171. 
 kesat 235. 
 kestit 236. 
 kinit 234, 235. 
 kistit 214. 
 -kit 236. 
 kitat 236. 
 kudniy 231. 
 
 tzapatsya 226. 
 tzar 159. 
 tzeidit 214. 
 tzeiliy 160. 
 
420 — 
 
 RUSSIAN 
 
 tzeip 226. 
 
 khiliy 167. 
 khlebat 143. 
 khmel 83, 224. 
 khmelnoi 83, 224. 
 khmurit 224. 
 khod 248. 
 khozyan 257. 
 khokhotat 255. 
 kholit 178. 
 kholm 159. 
 kholod 174, 183. 
 kholostit 167, 174. 
 khoronit 150. 
 khoroshiy 179. 
 khoteit 214, 244. 
 khrabriy 143. 
 khram 178. 
 khranit 178. 
 khrebet 143. 
 khudo 231. 
 khvalit 164. 
 khvastat 256. 
 khvatat 247. 
 
 ladon 145. 
 ladosha 145. 
 lazit 128. 
 lapa 142. 
 lastokka 148. 
 lebed 141. 
 led 147. 
 leleiat 124. 
 lepetat 123. 
 letat 148. 
 leis 130. 
 leito 145. 
 -likat 135. 
 likhoi 130, 134. 
 linyat 118. 
 liot[v]i 147. 
 lishat 126, 135. 
 liven 118. 
 lobzat 139. 
 lodka 145, 148. 
 logovishKe 128. 
 lozh 128. 
 lomat 133, 142. 
 lopast 142. 
 
 losk 137. 
 losos 128. 
 lug 132. 
 luKshiy 136. 
 lupit 142. 
 
 mazat 88. 
 mak 91. 
 makhat 93. 
 malina 99. 
 mezhevat 87. 
 mek 93. 
 merknut 103. 
 metat 89. 
 meid 88. 
 meinyat 84. 
 meira 79. 
 meisit 93, 94. 
 meisto 94. 
 meishat 94. 
 meitit 89. 
 milovat 98. 
 mir (peace) 83, 97. 
 mir (village) 97. 
 mir (world) 97. 
 ni[v]it 84. 
 m[v]itar 84. 
 mkat 93. 
 mleit 83. 
 mozg 93. 
 mokrota 94. 
 mok 90, 91. 
 mokit 94. 
 mokh 93. 
 mokhorka 94. 
 molva 100. 
 molnia 100. 
 molodoi 104. 
 moloko loi. 
 molot 100. 
 molotit 100. 
 morda 103. 
 morit 96. 
 morozit 102. 
 moroshka 102. 
 motat 89. 
 mudrost 82. 
 muzh 91. 
 mukit 94. 
 muravit 99. 
 mutit 89. 
 
 na 14. 
 nabivat 31. 
 nad- 14, 25, 26. 
 nado 25. 
 neidro 25. 
 neizhniy 26. 
 -nikat 24. 
 -nimat 32. 
 nit 21. 
 niva 24. 
 noga 29. 
 nozhka 29. 
 nos, nozdrya 24. 
 nosit 27. 
 nrav 29. 
 -nuryat 28. 
 nuzhda 29. 
 
 o- 18. 
 ob- 18. 
 oblako 20. 
 ogon 6. 
 okno 8. 
 oko 8. 
 olkha 117. 
 optom 18. 
 orat 114, 207. 
 Orel 114. 
 oselok 7. 
 ostriy 2. 
 oves 206. 
 ovkar 160, 206. 
 
 -padat 54. 
 pakovat 41. 
 pakhat 42. 
 palatka 70. 
 paletz 76. 
 palka 75. 
 par 62. 
 past 33. 
 pekatat 41. 
 pelenat 56. 
 pere- 57. 
 per St 76. 
 pes 44. 
 pesetz 44. 
 pesok 37, 41. 
 peikhota 37. 
 
RUSSIAN 
 
 — 421 — 
 
 peit 35- 
 peitukh 3S- 
 pigva 41. 
 pikhta 35, 42. 
 pilit 58. 
 pishka 33. 
 pitaniy 33. 
 p[v]ikhteit 35. 
 p[v]il 38, S8. 
 p[v]ilat 38. 
 p[v]ishniy 36. 
 pKela 42. 
 plashmya 76. 
 platit 56, 66. 
 platok 70. 
 pleinyat 59. 
 pleko 75. 
 pleskat 77. 
 pleso 57. 
 pleva 57. 
 plod 70. 
 plot 57. 
 plutat 59. 
 po 16, 221. 
 pod- so, 54. 
 pol 56. 
 pole 56. 
 
 polotno 56, 58. 
 polu- 56. 
 pora 66. 
 portit 62. 
 
 pot 35- 
 prakh 76, 
 prashka 77. 
 pravda 59. 
 pravit 59. 
 
 pri 57- 
 
 pr[v]iskat 77. 
 pro- 57- 
 prok 76. 
 prosit 77. 
 -pryagat 75. 
 pryazhka 75. 
 pukhnut 41. 
 pulya 58. 
 pupovina 43. 
 pustoi 39, 49- 
 pushit 41. 
 pyalit 58. 
 pyast 41, 44. 
 pyatnat 49. 
 
 77- 
 
 radeniy 146. 
 radost 146. 
 raz 128. 
 razhdat 128. 
 rai 120. 
 rak 133. 
 ranit 118, 120. 
 ranniy 120. 
 ravnyat 134. 
 rebenok 138. 
 rebro 140. 
 revnovat 120. 
 rzhat 126. 
 reidkiy 148. 
 reizat 122, 125. 
 reizviy 131. 
 reik 135. 
 reishat 135. 
 r[v]iba 139, 142. 
 r[v]idat 146. 
 r[v]is 126. 
 r[v]it 147. 
 rog 130. 
 rok 131, 136. 
 ronyat 165. 
 roptat 142. 
 rosa 120, 199. 
 rtut 148. 
 rubit 140. 
 ruda 147. 
 rusiy 125. 
 ryad 145. 
 
 sazhat 250. 
 salo 163. 
 selitsya 160. 
 selo 160. 
 serna 159. 
 selk 258. 
 
 seino 232, 234, 250. 
 seira 161, 163. 
 sinii 232. 
 sirota 152. 
 siyanie 232. 
 skazat 248. 
 skalivat 162. 
 skorb 143. 
 skvernit 167. 
 sleza 72, 129. 
 sleidovat 126, 145. 
 
 slizivat 127. 
 sltikat 132. 
 smeilost 83. 
 smirenie 83, 97. 
 smokva 91. 
 smotreit 89. 
 snaryazhat 28. 
 sneidat 238. 
 snokhat 26. 
 snovat 24. 
 snyat 21. 
 sobaka 252. 
 sok 217. 
 solod 164, 175. 
 sorit 150. 
 sorok 173. 
 sosud 214. 
 sot 214. 
 spasat 44. 
 spertiy 62. 
 speishit 43, 44. 
 spina 52. 
 spletat 62. 
 spor 62. 
 sprashivat 77. 
 sprignut 76. 
 spustit 49. 
 spustya 49. 
 Stan 283. 
 staranie 319. 
 stenat 288. 
 step 315. 
 steina 292. 
 steisnit 305. 
 st[v]idu 291. 
 stlat 317. 
 stradanie 319. 
 strana 320. 
 stranniy 320. 
 streilyat 331. 
 stremitsya 332. 
 strogii 330. 
 stupa 312. 
 sudba 249. 
 sudar 249. 
 sudno 249. 
 sueta 214, 253. 
 sukhoi 217. 
 sumrak 229. 
 sushkestvo 213. 
 svarit 163, 164. 
 
— 422 — 
 
 RUSSIAN 
 
 sveit 213, 215. 
 sverbeit 143. 
 svernut 154. 192. 
 s[v]in 213. 
 s[v]mat 213, 233. 
 s[v]ip 219. 
 s[v]iroi 164. 
 svivat 211. 
 
 shagat 259. 
 shalit 173. 
 shatatsya 248. 
 shevelit 210. 
 shutit 214. 
 shkeben 222. 
 sUcelok 167. 
 shlcupat 226. 
 
 tait 292. 
 tarantas 333. 
 telenok 332. 
 temya 314. 
 terpeit 336. 
 teilo 332. 
 tein 292. 
 teisto 302. 
 teishit 303. 
 t[v]il 287. 
 t[v]isyal£a 303. 
 to 286. 
 tokar 302. 
 tokit 302, 305. 
 toknost 302. 
 tolkovat 317. 
 tolpa 336. 
 tomitsya 315. 
 topit 315. 
 trava 332. 
 tratit 333, 334. 
 treba 334. 
 trebovat 336. 
 
 trepetat 332. 
 treskatsya 333. 
 treiti 334. 
 trud 327. 
 trup 336. 
 tuzit 291. 
 tugoi 305. 
 
 tulovishke 287, 317. 
 tuman 314. 
 tushit 305. 
 tverdii 319. 
 tvorit 334. 
 tyanut 289 
 
 ugar 4, 267. 
 
 ugol (coal) 183, 267. 
 
 ugol (angle) 4- 
 
 uzkii 4, 267. 
 
 uzh 267. 
 
 uzhas 267. 
 
 usta 270. 
 
 utro 202. 
 
 utok 218. 
 
 vakhlyat 263. 
 vazhniy 263. 
 vedro 209, 276. 
 velikiy 192, 198. 
 veleit :94. 
 verevka 196. 
 verkhniy 198. 
 verteit 201. 
 vesti 264. 
 veshki 266. 
 veike 265. 
 veikniy 265. 
 veikha 263. 
 veirniy 192. 
 veisit 263. 
 veishkiy 263, 271. 
 
 veiter 209. 
 veitv 217. 
 v[v]i 210. 
 vina 261. 
 vladeit 194. 
 vodit 273. 
 voz, vos 269. 
 vozhak 264. 
 voisko 211. 
 voiti 211, 264. 
 volkhv 199. 
 volnovat 192. 
 volos 192. 
 von 209, 261. 
 vorona 192. 
 vorotilo 201. 
 vorovat 192. 
 vorsit 198. 
 vosk 268. 
 vrag 198. 
 vraki 200. 
 vrak 200. 
 vrat 196. 
 vredit 103, 196. 
 vremya 192. 
 vyazat 267. 
 
 yadreniy iii. 
 yaitzo 3. 
 yazik 109. 
 yakmen 3. 
 yam no. 
 yama 21, no. 
 yarkiy 136. 
 yarmo 116. 
 yarovoi 115. 
 yarus 115. 
 yar[v]iy 115. 
 yasniy 109. 
 yavnit in, 206, 207. 
 yeizdit 6. 
 
OLD IRISH 
 
 423 — 
 
 OLD IRISH. 
 
 a, ass lo. 
 
 alaall, uball 20. 
 
 abann 19. 
 
 abra 20. 
 
 accobor 223. 
 
 acras, accorus 3. 
 
 Adamnan 12, 314. 
 
 adciu 44, 235. 
 
 ded 12. 
 
 ies 208. 
 
 ag 6. 
 
 ^g6. 
 
 agaim 6. 
 
 aged, aiged 8, 108. 
 
 agenmdr 6. 
 
 dibind, 6ibind 18. 
 
 aice 41. 
 
 Aidan 12. 
 
 aidche 12. 
 
 aig, 6igred 108. 
 
 aige 3 . 
 
 aile 116. 
 
 ainm 32. 
 
 airbe 138. 
 
 aird 203. 
 
 aire 114, 119. 
 
 dirmim 116. 
 
 ais (back) 2. 
 
 ais (zeal) 106. 
 
 aite II. 
 
 -aith 15. 
 
 dithe 7. 
 
 aithech, athech 11,36. 
 
 alaim 117. 
 
 dlaind 117. 
 
 allaid 117. 
 
 alma 117. 
 
 altan 59, 115. 
 
 ambur, aminor 19. 
 amm, aimser 18, 21, 
 
 228. 
 amnas 20. 
 an- 13. 
 an 14. 
 
 dn, dnius 8, 13. 
 anaim 13. 
 andl 13. 
 and 15. 
 ander 11. 
 andam 294. 
 andhas 12, 274. 
 angim 4. 
 anim 13. 
 ar 57, 67. 
 dr 57, 117. 
 ara 114, 197. 
 dram 116. 
 drd 203. 
 argat 136. 
 art 116. 
 ds 269. 
 asca 106. 
 ascid 106. 
 asclang 2, f 29. 
 asna 2. 
 asse 2. 
 assil 2. 
 
 astaim 18, 267. 
 atbail 65, 193. 
 dth S3. 
 
 athair, athir 36 
 au, 6 206. 
 due, da, O' 206. 
 augra 263. 
 
 bacc 47, 263. 
 
 badb 273, 
 
 bdes 263. 
 
 bdeth 274. 
 
 bdg 47- 
 
 bdidim 50, 273, 276. 
 
 bail, bil 195. 
 
 baile, bally 193. 
 
 bdire 62. 
 
 bale 73. 
 
 ball 193. 
 
 ballan 193. 
 
 bdn 45. 
 
 band 45, 49, 274. 
 
 banna 49, 274. 
 
 bara 62. 
 
 bdrc 74. 
 
 bdrd 70. 
 
 bar gen 74. 
 
 barr 63, 186, 198. 
 
 bds 41. 
 
 bass 41, 263. 
 
 bee 47. 
 
 bel, biail 65. 
 
 b^l, h6lT6 65, 195. 
 
 ben 239. 
 
 benaim 45, 51. 
 
 benn 45, 51. 
 
 be6 39, 241. 
 
 beos 39, 241. 
 
 berbaim 63, 193. 
 
 berim 64. 
 
 berraim 63. 
 
 bds 39, 266. 
 
 biail 65. 
 
 bindius 275. 
 
 bir 63. 
 
 bith 39, 241. 
 
 biu 39, 241. 
 
— 424 — 
 
 OLD IRISH 
 
 biath 65. 
 
 bliadain 65. 
 
 bligim loi. 
 
 blog 73. 
 
 b6 242. 
 
 bocht 47. 
 
 bolg 73. 
 
 bongaim 46. 
 
 borb 63. 
 
 borr 62, 186, 198. 
 
 bra, brtiad 20. 
 
 bracht loi. 
 
 brage 73, 200. 
 
 bran 70. 
 
 brao 63. 
 
 bras 73, 186. 
 
 b atach 64. 
 
 brdth 1-96. 
 
 brathir 64. 
 
 briathar 196. 
 
 br cht loi. 
 
 br'.g 74. 
 
 b issim 73, 74- 
 
 bro 63, 96. 
 
 broen 62. 
 
 brii 20, 63. 
 
 bniim. 63, 96. 
 
 bruinne 63. 
 
 bruth 63, 202. 
 
 bdadach 273. 
 
 buadraim 49, 273. 
 
 bude (yellow) 49, 53. 
 
 bude (thanks) 50. 
 
 buden 52, 273. 
 
 bun, bunad 50. 
 
 burbe 63. 
 
 cacc 258. 
 cdch 258. 
 cacht 255. 
 cdera 162. 
 c4i 236. 
 
 cdid (holy) 214. 
 cdid (fierce) 246. 
 caill 171. 
 cdille 171. 
 cdin (fair) 232. 
 cdin (law) 236. 
 cdinim 251. 
 cairche 179. 
 cairigim 162. 
 
 cdith 234, 247. 
 calath 168. 
 calma 159. 
 camm 224. 
 canim 251. 
 caraim 163. 
 carbad 170, 172. 
 cam 168. 
 
 carpat, carbad 170. 
 carr 166. 
 casta, cass 214. 
 cath 247. 
 cathir 243. 
 ceimm 233. 
 cele 160, 171. 
 celg 185. 
 ceLm 173. 
 can (without) 253. 
 cenn, cend (head) 
 
 243. 253- 
 cend, cud (head) 243. 
 cendsa, c^ssad 214, 
 
 229, 256. 
 cendl 236, 240. 
 cenglaim 255. 
 cennach 233, 248. 
 centar 233. 
 ce6 243. 
 ceol 172. 
 cerd 168. 
 cern (food) 166. 
 cern (victory) 168. 
 cert 162. 
 
 ces, ceas 235, 236. 
 cessaim 256. 
 c^t (hundred) 243. 
 c^t (first) 233, 237. 
 c6te 237, 248. 
 cethir 248. 
 c^tol 251. 
 cia, cid 258. 
 ciall 160, 172. 
 cian 233. 
 ciar 161. 
 cich 259. 
 cilfin 189. 
 cimb 226. 
 cin, cinta 237. 
 cing, 259. 
 
 ciniud, cendl 236, 240. 
 cir 162. 
 
 claideb 176. 
 
 eland 168, 176. 
 
 cldr 167, 188. 
 
 cl^ 153. 
 
 cleith 153. 
 
 clo 174. 
 
 cloen 153. 
 
 cluinim 156. 
 
 cnaim 238. 
 
 cned 238. 
 
 cnoc 238. 
 
 end 238. 
 
 CO, con- 228. 
 
 cobraim 64. 
 
 codal 243. 
 
 c6el 172. 
 
 c6em 229. 
 
 coic 44. 
 
 coir 116. 
 
 coirm 166. 
 
 colaind 163. 
 
 colb 139. 
 
 colba 140. 
 
 colbthach 140, 169, 
 
 189. 
 colg 173, 185. 
 comarbe 138. 
 conn 337. 
 Condlacend 243. 
 cor 157. 
 c6ra 116. 
 coscraim 162. 
 cost 255. 
 crand 168, 176. 
 crdcht 179, 180. 
 crenim 153. 
 cretim 175. 
 criathar 162. 
 crich 173. 
 cride 175. 
 crinaim 162. 
 cr6 171, 172. 
 crob 143, 169. 
 croccenn 173. 
 cromm 170. 
 cr6n 165. 
 crondn 157. 
 crothim 176. 
 cni 165, 171. 
 crdaid 168. 
 cruind 172, 176. 
 
OLD IRISH 
 
 425 — 
 
 cruth 1 68. 
 
 cd 252. 
 
 ciiach (cup) 225, 255. 
 
 ciiach (spear) 259. 
 
 ciiairt 171. 
 
 cucht 253. 
 
 Cuchullin 295, 301, 
 
 310. 317. 337- 
 cuirim 116, 157. 
 ciil 172. 
 ciilad 172, 310. 
 cullach 172. 
 cumal 224. 
 cumung 4. 
 cur, caur 157. 
 curach 166, 173. 
 cusle 253. 
 cuslennach 253. 
 
 dd 297. 
 dag, deg309. 
 daigerde 306. 
 daingen 290, 309. 
 dair, daur 322. 
 ddl 284, 298. 
 ddm 293. 
 dam 294. 
 damitn 284, 294. 
 damna 284, 294. 
 ddn (trade) 284. 
 ddn (gift) 285. 
 ddsacht 307. 
 dath 299. 
 de, di 16. 
 ddc, d6ac 310. 
 Dechtire 310. 
 deimne 284. 
 delb 189, 298. 
 delg 328. 
 d^nim 284. 
 deoch 308. 
 d6od 295. 
 ddr 311. 
 derb 189, 322. 
 dercaim 329. 
 Derdriu 328. 
 derg 328. 
 dermatim 322. 
 derna 322. 
 descad 306, 307. 
 dess 306, 309. 
 
 d^t 291. 
 di 16, 293. 
 dia 295. 
 dian 296. 
 diles 322. 
 din, dind 290. 
 dinim 286. 
 dir 322. 
 ditin 292, 293. 
 dligim 322. 
 dlugim 328. 
 dluim 322. 
 do, du (to) 297. 
 do, du (thy) 286. 
 dobur 296. 
 d6dha, dod 297. 
 d6el 298. 
 domun 12. 
 donn 2 84, 300. 
 dorche 328. 
 dordaim 328. 
 dorus 327. 
 doss (poet) 3c6. 
 doss (bush) 307. 
 d6thim 297. 
 drant 325. 
 drdcht 324. 
 dremun 324. 
 dringim 328. 
 dron 322. 
 drong 322, 324. 
 drucht 328. 
 drui[dh] 322. 
 druimm 322. 
 driith 324. 
 du- do (evil) 307. 
 dub 296, 300. 
 diiil, diilem 298. 
 duille 44, 301. 
 duine, dune 290. 
 ddn 290. 
 diire 322, 326. 
 
 ^c, ^cht 4, 42. 
 ^cad 4. 
 ^cen 4. 
 ech 7. 
 echtar 10. 
 6cnaigim 41. 
 ed 54. 
 ^is 2, 42, 106. 
 
 ^ithech no. 
 
 &tsim 206. 
 
 elit 115. 
 
 elnim 57. 
 
 emnaim, emuin no. 
 
 ^n 53. 
 
 enech 2. 
 
 Eochair, Hector 263. 
 
 e61a 192. 
 
 err 197, 198. 
 
 errach 267. 
 
 ^sca 2, 269. 
 
 esse ic6. 
 
 ^t S3, no. 
 
 6te 53. 
 
 6tach 266. 
 
 ^taim 53. 
 
 6tan 15. 
 
 eter, etir 14. 
 
 fd, bd 208. 
 
 faebur 220. 
 
 fded 275. 
 
 fdelte 194. 
 
 faen, faon 262. 
 
 faga 263. 
 
 faindel 274. 
 
 fdir 154. 
 
 faire 193. 
 
 fairge 200. 
 
 faiscim 268. 
 
 fdith 275. 
 
 fdl 192. 
 
 fand 276. 
 
 fds 269. 
 
 fisaim 269. 
 
 fastaim, astaim 18, 
 
 267. 
 fathach 209. 
 fecht (journey) 264. 
 fecht (opportunity) 
 
 265. 
 fed, feddn 209, 273. 
 fedaim 273. 
 fedil 209. 
 f^gaim 263. 
 f^ge, f^ig 263. 
 feidm 215, 273. 
 feiss, fess 209, 266. 
 feisne, i6m 210. 
 i6ith, fethal 218. 
 
426 — 
 
 OLD IRISH 
 
 f^n, fenamain 212, 
 
 264. 
 f^ne, fian 212, 261. 
 feochair 263. 
 fer 195. 
 f^r 195. 
 ferb 196. 
 Ferd^ad 275. 
 fertas 202. 
 fescor 271. 
 fetar, f^taim 276. 
 feth 209. 
 fiach 265. 
 fiad (present) 276. 
 fiad (wild) 47, 273. 
 fial (veil) 192. 
 fial (generous) 195. 
 fich 265. 
 fiche 265. 
 fid 273. 
 
 fill 195- 
 
 fillim 192. 
 
 find 276. 
 
 fine 212, 261. 
 
 finnaim 212, 261. 
 
 fir 193. 
 
 Fir-Bolg 73. 
 
 fiss 276. 
 
 fiu 268. 
 
 flaith (beer) 203. 
 
 flaith (dominion) 192, 
 
 194. 
 fland 203. 
 flechud 198. 
 fled 203. 
 fo 208, 221. 
 foaim 209, 221. 
 fodb 273. 
 fo-emaim 21. 
 foidim 273. 
 folus, soUus 154. 
 lOlt 164. 
 fond 278. 
 fonn 261. 
 foph 220. 
 for 221. 
 forran 197. 
 foss 266. 
 fot, fota 273. 
 fotha 278 bis. 
 fraig 200. 
 
 frass 199. 
 frith, fri 202. 
 fiial 193. 
 fiiath, dath 273. 
 full 164, 193. 
 fuined 212. 
 fulangim 129. 
 
 gabaim 12, 226 ter. 
 
 gabor 223. 
 
 gabul 223, 226. 
 
 gdeth (wind) 231. 
 
 gdeth (wise) 231, 245. 
 
 gai 231, 241. 
 
 gair 185. 
 
 gal 183. 
 
 galar 183. 
 
 gam 232. 
 
 garb 186. 
 
 garg 184, 186. 
 
 gas 241. 
 
 gataim 245. 
 
 geilt 183. 
 
 geir 181. 
 
 g6is 252. 
 
 gelim 184. 
 
 gemen 232. 
 
 g^nar 239. 
 
 genum 245. 
 
 g6T 177. 
 
 g^rat 179. 
 
 gerraim 184. 
 
 gessim 231, 240. 
 
 gial 178 bis. 
 
 gilla 178. 
 
 gin 244 bis. 
 
 glacaim 185. 
 
 glain 182. 
 
 glan 182. 
 
 glass (lock) 178, 185. 
 
 glass (blue) 182. 
 
 glenim 181. 
 
 glond 156. 
 
 gl6r 156. 
 
 gliin 153. 
 
 gndth 239. 
 
 gniim 239. 
 
 g6 241. 
 
 goba 226. 
 
 goire 186. 
 
 gol 183. 
 
 gonim 245. 
 gorm 181. 
 gort 178. 
 gorta 178, 184. 
 grdd 179. 
 graig 187. 
 granna 180, 183. 
 gr6, grend 179. 
 gr^imm 181, 186. 
 gr^ss 178, 185. 
 grian 181. 
 grip 188. 
 grisaim 179, 181, 
 glial 183. 
 giiala 183. 
 giias 231. 
 gudim 246. 
 guilim 183. 
 guirim 183. 
 gur 183. 
 gus 231. 
 guth 241. 
 
 i, in 14. 
 
 iachtaim 109, 263. 
 
 iaaaim 278. 
 
 iall 58 bis, 192. 
 
 iar (after) 152. 
 
 iar (west) 154. 
 
 iam 107. 
 
 iarraim 115. 
 
 iarr6e 115, 152. 
 
 iasc 42. 
 
 iath 278. 
 
 ibar, iubar 20, 106. 
 
 ibim 34. 
 
 ic 109. 
 
 icaim (to heal) 109. 
 
 icaim (to pay) 265 bis. 
 
 icht 109, 266. 
 
 ichtar 109. 
 
 icim 109, 265. 
 
 idan 215. 
 
 idnae, iodhna iii, 
 
 273. 
 id6n 276. 
 idu 273. 
 il6o. 
 
 ilar 56, 60. 
 imbed, immad 21. 
 imbel 20. 
 
OLD IRISH 
 
 427 
 
 imbliu 20. 
 
 imm, imb i8, 20, 36. 
 
 in, ind (the) 9. 
 
 inathar 14. • 
 
 inber, inver 2 1 . 
 
 indocbdl 12. 
 
 inga 29, 339. 
 
 ingar 339. 
 
 ingen 239. 
 
 inis 163. 
 
 insce 256. 
 
 ir IIS- 
 
 ire 115, 119. 
 
 iress 115, 251. 
 
 iss, issel 338. 
 
 itge 108. 
 
 ithim 33. 
 
 itu 216. 
 
 iubar 20, 106. 
 
 idrad 193. 
 
 laaim 142. 
 labraim 124. 
 Idech 124. 
 Ided 146. 
 laiget 129. 
 laigim 128. 
 Idir, lar^ne 60. 
 laith 148. 
 1dm 62. 
 Idmaim 62. 
 Idnamnas 60. 
 land, lann 71. 
 Idr 60. 
 
 lassaim 77, 137. 
 Uth 146, 184. 
 Idthar 142, 146. 
 Idthe 145. 
 lebend 139. 
 lee 76, 134. 
 lecht 128. 
 l^cim 135. 
 legaim 129. 
 lemnacht 140. 
 lenim 118. 
 less (left) 132. 
 less (light) 137. 
 less, lias (fold) 132. 
 lestar 132, 149. 
 eth 70. 
 lethan 70. 
 
 lethe 70. 
 
 li 118. 
 
 lia (more) 60. 
 
 lia (stone) 76. 
 
 liaig 129. 
 
 liath 58, 148. 
 
 lige 128. 
 
 ligim 127. 
 
 linaim 60. 
 
 lind 59, 118, 145. 
 
 lingim 128. 
 
 lir 60. 
 
 lith 145. 
 
 liud 146. 
 
 16 (flock) 58. 
 
 16 (water) 59. 
 
 lobaim 140 bis. 
 
 loch 132. 
 
 16cliarn 137. 
 
 I6che 137. 
 
 locht 132. 
 
 16eg 126. 
 
 logaim 124, 
 
 16g 124. 
 
 loimm 59. 
 
 loitim 147. 
 
 loman 142. 
 
 lomm 142. 
 
 Ion 124. 
 
 16n 60. 
 
 lond 71. 
 
 long 128. 
 
 longaim 128. 
 
 lor 60. 
 
 lorg 124. 
 
 lose 132. 
 
 loscim 137. 
 
 lothor 59, 134. 
 
 liiach 124. 
 
 Mad 146. 
 
 luaidhe 148. 
 
 Maim 59. 
 
 Math (swift) 148. 
 
 Math (ashes) 58, 148. 
 
 Mb 142. 
 
 luch 126. 
 
 luchrupdn 132. 
 
 lucht 124, 128. 
 
 Md 148. 
 
 lug 129. 
 
 lurga 124. 
 
 luss 130. 
 Mth 146, 
 
 mdam 91. 
 mac 91. 
 macha 90. 
 -made, madae 88. 
 md,el 100. 
 mag (great) 90. 
 mag (field) 90. 
 maidim 87. 
 mdin 81. 
 mairg 103. 
 maisse 93. 
 maistred 87. 
 maith 79, 88. 
 mall 96, 100. 
 man, mdt 81. 
 mandraim 87. 
 mann 81. 
 maraim 96. 
 marbaim 96. 
 marc loi. 
 mass 90. 
 mathe 81. 
 mat him 79. 
 mdthir 79. 
 m6 82. 
 mebul 99. 
 mecon 91. 
 med 82. 
 medar 82. 
 med6n 87. 
 meirb 96. 
 m6it 79. 
 meld 98, 104. 
 melin 99. 
 
 mell (gracious) 98. 
 mell (ball) 100. 
 menma 80. 
 menn 85. 
 
 mennat, mendat 81. 
 mer 96. 
 m^r 94, 96. 
 merge 102. 
 mescaim 94. 
 mesce 94. 
 mess 79. 
 meth 88. 
 methlebir 89. 
 mi 81. 
 
428 — 
 
 OLD IRISH 
 
 miad 82. 
 mianach 8$. 
 mid 90. 
 midim 82. 
 mil 83. 
 mil 99. 
 mile 100. 
 milis 83. 
 millim 99. 
 min 85. 
 mind 87. 
 mir 94, 98. 
 miscais 93. 
 mo, mos 84. 
 mocol 91. 
 mod (honor) 82. 
 mod (toil) 88. 
 moeth 88. 
 moidim 82. 
 moin 84. 
 molaim 97, 98. 
 monar 91. 
 mong 86, 93. 
 mor 97. 
 mothar 88. 
 mraich, braich 103. 
 mruig, bruig 102. 
 miiad 82. 
 mucc 94. 
 much 94. 
 mdchaim 93, 94, 
 mucor 91. 
 mug 91. 
 muine 84. 
 muin^l 86. 
 muiniur 80. 
 muir 97. 
 muUach 100. 
 mumme 21. 
 mtinim 80. 
 
 na, nach (anyone) 13, 
 
 22. 
 nd, ndch (not) 23. 
 ndma 32. 
 ndn 26. 
 nasc 30. 
 nassad 27. 
 nathir 25. 
 Necht 26. 
 neim 24. 
 
 n^l 31. 
 
 nem 32. 
 
 nert 29. 
 
 ness 29, 30. 
 
 nessa 30. 
 
 N^t 26. 
 
 ni 13, 22, 23. 
 
 nia 24. 
 
 niam 32. 
 
 nigim 26. 
 
 nith 26. 
 
 no, nu 22. 
 
 nocht 29. 
 
 -nocht 30. 
 
 noeb, n6em 31, 32. 
 
 noi 22. 
 
 nos 27, 239. 
 
 mie 23. 
 
 6, lia 208. 
 
 6c, 6ac 6, III, 263. 
 
 oc, ocus 4, 266. 
 
 ocal 7, 263. 
 
 ocha, ochsal 2. 
 
 ocht 3. 
 
 dech 42. 
 
 6egi 108. 
 
 den, denach 209. 
 
 deth 206. 
 
 eg 207, 263. 
 
 dg, liag III, 263. 
 
 ogum 264. 
 
 di 206. 
 
 dibell 20, 220. 
 
 did 206. 
 
 dir, liair 208. 
 
 ol (about) 58. 
 
 ol (quoth) 114. 
 
 dl 60. 
 
 cm 20. 
 
 oman, liaman 20. 
 
 omna 20. 
 
 dn 12. 
 
 ong 4. 
 
 dr, dar 193. 
 
 orbe 138. 
 
 ore 77. 
 
 orc61 77. 
 
 drd 203. 
 
 orgim 122, 198. 
 
 ds, lias 68, 269, 338. 
 
 oscar 266, 269. 
 othar 273. 
 
 pait 37, 52. 
 patu 33. 
 pit 33- 
 
 rddim 146. 
 
 rdim 119. 
 
 rdmut 120. 
 
 rann, rand 145. 
 
 rath (grace) 145. 
 
 rath (fort) 145. 
 
 r^ n-, ria -n, riam 67. 
 
 r^baim 142. 
 
 reccaim 76. 
 
 rech 125, 131. 
 
 recne 76, 135. 
 
 r^de 145, 320. 
 
 rdid 146, 320. 
 
 r^il 319. 
 
 -rem 67. 
 
 remes 67, 116. 
 
 rengim 330. 
 
 renim 66. 
 
 r^tan 147, 151. 
 
 rethim 145. 
 
 r^tla 145, 319. 
 
 ri 131. 
 
 Riada 320. 
 
 riadaim 145. 
 
 riag 131. 
 
 lian 118, 320. 
 
 riar 66. 
 
 ilastraim 320. 
 
 richess 77, 137. 
 
 -rig 131- 
 ngim 131. 
 rimim n6. 
 rind, rinn 147. 
 ro-, ru- 68. 
 roe 134, 319, 320. 
 rdenaim 320. 
 r6n 165. 
 rond 147. 
 rorig, rure 131. 
 rose 77, 123. 
 ross 68, 75. 
 rdt I4S- 
 roth 145. 
 rout 149. 
 
OLD IRISH 
 
 — 429 
 
 ru, run 120. 
 rdad 149. 
 riiam 120. 
 rdathar 149. 
 ruibne 140. 
 nin 120. 
 rise 75, 125. 
 rdss 68, 125. 
 ruthen 149. 
 
 saball 213. 
 
 sieb 220. 
 
 sder 116. 
 
 sdeth 21$. 
 
 sagim (to seek) 257. 
 
 sagim (to speak) 256. 
 
 saign^n 257. 
 
 sail 164. 
 
 saile 163. 
 
 sdilim 152. 
 
 saill 163. 
 
 sdim 229. 
 
 sain 213, 249. 
 
 sair 154. 
 
 sdith 216. 
 
 saithe 212. 
 
 sdl (sea) 163 bis. 
 
 sdl (heel) 163, 248. 
 
 salann 163. 
 
 sam 229. 
 
 sdm, sdme 229. 
 
 samail 228. 
 
 sanas 251. 
 
 sant 214, 229, 249, 
 
 256. 
 sir- 150. 
 sdsaim 216. 
 sathech 216. 
 scdilim 162. 
 scdipim 222. 
 scdl 160 bis. 
 scaraim 162. 
 scath, scoth 247. 
 scdth 243. 
 sc6inm 247. 
 sc6] 235. 
 scendim 247. 
 scian 234, 235, 
 sciath 243. 
 scingim 259. 
 sdth 231. 
 
 scoth 237, 247. 
 
 scothaim 247 bis. 
 
 scuchim 255, 259. 
 
 se, so, sin, in 9. 
 
 s^ ^58. 
 
 seccaim 217. 
 
 sech 257. 
 
 sechim 256, 
 
 secht 221. 
 
 sechur 257. 
 
 s^gda 257. 
 
 s6ig 256. 
 
 s^im 218. 
 
 seir 152. 
 
 selbaim 154, 339. 
 
 sell aim 154. 
 
 sen 250. 
 
 s^naim 218. 
 
 sennim 212, 218, 249. 
 
 se61 212. 
 
 Serb 144. 
 
 sere 126. 
 
 serda 152, 337. 
 
 sergaim 126. 
 
 sernim 151, 152, 320. 
 
 serr, serraeh 152, 337. 
 
 s6t 249. 
 
 siabrae 210. 
 
 siar (after) 152. 
 
 siar (west) 152, 154. 
 
 sibal 220. 
 
 side 286. 
 
 side 249. 
 
 sigemnach 256. 
 
 sil 159, 337- 
 silim 159, 337. 
 sillim 154. 
 simin 218. 
 sin 212, 213. 
 sin, in, ind 9. 
 sinim 218, 250. 
 sinser 250. 
 sir 151, 152. 
 sireehta 155. 
 sirim 152. 
 sis 338. 
 sith 215, 249. 
 sith 249. 
 siiir, Mr 155. 
 slaidim 147. 
 sldn 154. 
 
 slat (rod) 147. 
 slat (robbery) 148. 
 slechtaim 132. 
 sleg 126. 
 sliab 143, 338. 
 sliassit 132. 
 slicht 126. 
 slind 71. 
 slipre 142. 
 sloeim, slueeim 126. 
 sl6g 126. 
 slondim 156. 
 smir 99. 
 smiiainim 80. 
 snddim 25. 
 snaidim 238. 
 sndidmim 336. 
 sndim 24. 
 sndth 21. 
 sneehta 27. 
 so 9. 
 
 so-, su- 213. 
 socc 215, 217. 
 s6er 114. 
 soillse 154. 
 s6im 12, 212. 
 sollus 154. 
 solma 163. 
 -som 228. 
 sonas 213. 
 sonn 249. 
 sop 220. 
 sossad 251. 
 spr6 76. 
 spr^d 71. 
 srath 165. 
 sr^dim 71. 
 srengim 330. 
 srennim 62, 319. 
 sreth 151. 
 sr6enim 320. 
 sr6n 62, 165. 
 sniaim, sruth 165. 
 srub 143. 
 sruith 319, 320. 
 siian 221. 
 siianem 212, 218. 
 siias 338. 
 siiathaim 214. 
 sudim, suidim 251. 
 siigim 217. 
 
— 430 — 
 
 OLD IRISH 
 
 siiil 154. 
 
 siiist 338. 
 
 sund, Slit 9. 
 
 suth (weather) 213. 
 
 suth (birth) 213. 
 
 tachtaim 306. 
 ties, toes 302. 
 tdid 292. 
 tailm 318. 
 tdim 283. 
 taimne 315. 
 tdin 292. 
 tairm 333. 
 tairnge 333, 339. 
 tdl 318. 
 talam 318. 
 tallaim 318. 
 tdmaim 283, 312. 
 tamon 283, 312. 
 tan 289. 
 tana 289. 
 tdog 302. 
 tar 333. 
 tarb 319. 
 tarrach 332. 
 tart 333. 
 tech 302. 
 techim 304. 
 techtaim 265. 
 tee, t6 315. 
 teidm 291. 
 teim 314. 
 tellaim 318. 
 temair 314. 
 temel 314. 
 ten, tene 289, 291. 
 tend 288. 
 tennaim 289. 
 tepor 315. 
 tescaim 302. 
 
 tess 315. 
 
 t^t 289. 
 
 tiagaim 304. 
 
 tibim 312. 
 
 tige 302. 
 
 tigema 302. 
 
 tind 291. 
 
 tir 319. 
 
 tirim 333. 
 
 tlacht 318, 331. 
 
 t6, tda 306. 
 
 t6aim 306. 
 
 toeb 287. 
 
 tol 195. 
 
 tollaim 318. 
 
 tond 292. 
 
 tongim 306. 
 
 topor, tibra 287, 315. 
 
 torand 319. 
 
 tore 63, 331. 
 
 torrach 335. 
 
 torsech 333. 
 
 tracht 331, 333. 
 
 tr^g 333- 
 traig 331. 
 trdth 333. 
 tr^, tri 333. 
 treb 336. 
 tr^n 319, 332. 
 trethan 333. 
 tri 334- 
 triallaim 331. 
 tr6ge 331. 
 tromm 319, 336. 
 trost 327. 
 tii 286. 
 
 tdag (bow) 303. 
 tiiag (axe) 302. 
 tdaimm 283. 
 tiiath (north) 273. 
 ttiath (people) 292. 
 
 tugen 302. 
 tuislim 163. 
 tuismim 213. 
 tuitim 53. 
 tul 318 (bis). 
 tur33S. 
 
 tiis, tossach 302. 
 tiissech 287, 303. 
 
 liabar 220. 
 
 liacht 4, 267. 
 
 liagim 112, 218. 
 
 liain 261. 
 
 liair, oir 208. 
 
 liall 58. 
 
 dam 220. 
 
 dan 34, III. 
 
 dar (cool) 38, 57, 193. 
 
 dar (time) 193. 
 
 dardn 38. 
 
 dassal 269. 
 
 dath 273. 
 
 datne 273, 278. 
 
 uball 20. 
 
 ucht 269. 
 
 ude 273. 
 
 udnacht 278. 
 
 ulcha 198. 
 
 ul 58. 
 
 ulad 58, 193. 
 
 uisse, 338. 
 
 uissi 338. 
 
 ule, uile (elbow) 115. 
 
 ule (all) 115. 
 
 umae, umaide 88, 220. 
 
 dr, dir 57. 
 
 lir 38. 57. 195- 
 uraid 57. 
 drde 195. 
 ursa, urra 198. 
 usee 19, 32, 50, 268. 
 
WELSH 
 
 431 — 
 
 WELSH. 
 
 anadyl 13. 
 anau 13. 
 aradyr 119. 
 araile 116. 
 ascom 2. 
 asen 2. 
 awch 7. 
 
 baedd 274. 
 banw 239, 274. 
 bedw 278. 
 beryn 63. 
 blain 65. 
 bon 50. 
 bragiaw 73. 
 braint 74. 
 brawd 196. 
 brennyn 62, 70. 
 brud 196. 
 brynn 63. 
 buch 242. 
 bwg 47. 
 bwyd 39, 241. 
 byw 241. 
 byTvit 241. 
 
 cad, cat 247. 
 cadr 214. 
 calet 168. 
 canabauk 215. 
 cann, cant 248. 
 cawr 157. 
 cefEyl 223. 
 cenethl 240. 
 cerddeu 168. 
 clawdd 175. 
 
 cloeu 174. 
 clusteu 156. 
 colwyn 172. 
 corum (Cor.) 166. 
 corwynt 172. 
 craidd 175. 
 creman 170. 
 cruitr 162. 
 crwnn 176. 
 cudon 214. 
 cwm 225. 
 cwn 253. 
 
 datl 284. 
 dauf 294. 
 dauu 296. 
 dec, tec 137, 309. 
 deffnyd 284. 
 deg 310. 
 deheu 309. 
 delu 189. 
 derwen 322. 
 dof 294. 
 dometic 294. 
 doreu 327. 
 drych 329. 
 dur 326. 
 duw 295. 
 dwbr, dwfr 296. 
 dyw 295. 
 
 eidduned no. 
 elain 115. 
 enep 2. 
 ep, eb 7. 
 er-drym 57, 322. 
 
 et, etn 53. 
 ewythr 207. 
 
 ffreu 165. 
 fiEroen 165. 
 ffrwd 165. 
 
 gabr 223. 
 garr 184. 
 gebel 226. 
 gord 203. 
 guered 195. 
 guichr 263. 
 gulip 198. 
 guor 221. 
 gur 195. 
 gwaedd 275. 
 gwallawiad 164, 203. 
 gwareu 193. 
 gwas 266. 
 gwel 154- 
 gwell 19s. 
 gwerg 198. 
 gwistel 244, 266. 
 gwreic 195. 
 gwrm 181. 
 gwydd 245. 
 gwynn 276. 
 gwynt 209. 
 
 haddaf 251. 
 hafal 228. 
 hail 164. 
 halawg 163. 
 hanther 228. 
 hediw 9, 295. 
 
— 432 — 
 
 WELSH 
 
 hen 250. 
 hint 249. 
 holl 154. 
 hun 221. 
 hunfre 221. 
 hvigeren (Cor.) 157. 
 chwaer 155. 
 chwafE 223. 
 chwech 258. 
 chwedl 235. 
 chweffr 223. 
 chweg, chwech 217, 
 
 260. 
 chwerth 175. 
 chwerw 144. 
 hwrdd 203. 
 chwys 215. 
 hydd 249. 
 hydr 249. 
 
 i^ch 109. 
 ias 107. 
 ieneu 34. 
 iesin 107. 
 iou 112. 
 iud III. 
 iurch 137. 
 
 kalaf 159. 
 karw 159. 
 kenadyl 233. 
 kennat 233. 
 ki 252. 
 kuljnn 159. 
 kurun 161. 
 kyntaf 233. 
 
 lag 129. 
 lauffroen 124. 
 llauwen 124. 
 llo 126. 
 lowem 124. 
 
 Hug 137. 
 Uwyd 148. 
 llygod 126. 
 
 mam 21. 
 man to] 88. 
 map, mab 91. 
 marh loi. 
 marw 96. 
 marwyd 96. 
 metetic 89. 
 mis 81. 
 modr 79. 
 mollt 100. 
 motrep 79. 
 mwg 95. 
 mynydd 86. 
 
 newydd 23. 
 ney 31. 
 niddu 22. 
 nyth 25. 
 
 ochyr 7. 
 det 208. 
 ois 208. 
 olin 115. 
 
 pair 166. 
 parys 76. 
 penn 253. 
 perth 162. 
 petguar 248. 
 pimp 44. 
 pitu 33. 
 pop 258. 
 popuryes 43. 
 priein 168. 
 pryv 170. 
 
 rawd 145. 
 Ritychen 145. 
 
 rhid 118. 
 rhin 118. 
 ringc 126. 
 rhwdd 149. 
 rhwmp 142. 
 rwydd (free) 66. 
 rwydd (swift) 145, 
 149. 
 
 seddu 251. 
 Eodheu 248. 
 St rat 320. 
 strau 320. 
 
 Taliesin 107, 318. 
 tan 289. 
 tangneued 306. 
 tau 306. 
 tauaut 312. 
 tgg, tec 137, 305. 
 teneu 289. 
 tlesseu 332. 
 trebou 333, 336. 
 tren 332. 
 twca 302. 
 twf 287. 
 tjmghed 306. 
 tjrwysog 287, 303. 
 
 uceint 265. 
 uch 269. 
 ucher 271. 
 uisc 268. 
 
 wyn III. 
 wysg 268. 
 wyth 3. 
 
 ysgawen 253. 
 ystam 320. 
 ystrat 320. 
 
BRETON 
 
 433 — 
 
 BRETON. 
 
 aer 115. 
 ah61 2. 
 alarch 114. 
 alhu6 136. 
 alouein 117. 
 atnz6r 18, 21. 
 anho6 3. 
 ankeu 4. 
 ar 68. 
 arat 119, 
 arbo^l 138. 
 ar6r, al^r 119. 
 aros 198. 
 askel 2. 
 askorn 2. 
 aug, augldn 264. 
 audi 209. 
 aval 20. 
 
 badailhein 50. 
 bagad 47. 
 bahellat 263. 
 bannein 49, 274. 
 bara 64. 
 barein 193. 
 barnein62, 195, 196 
 baron 62, 195, 196. 
 barren 62. 
 bau, bauein 39, 45. 
 bdaden 276. 
 h€d6l 276. 
 h6h. 264. 
 bdnein 51. 
 bdr 63. 
 bemein 193. 
 beruein 63. 
 berzein 73, 74. 
 
 beskel 41, 210. 
 bdueg 47. 
 bidzein 210. 
 bihan 47. 
 biu 39, 241. 
 biz 41, 263. 
 blaz 65. 
 bldad 65. 
 bleid 65. 
 blesein 74. 
 bleuein 65. 
 blosein 74. 
 bod 52. 
 ho6z 39. 
 bok 47. 
 bouid 39. 
 -boudein 50. 
 bras 73, 186. 
 bred6r, hrir 64. 
 brehonein 74. 
 bretat 196. 
 brezd 74. 
 bri 74. 
 broch 198. 
 brog 73, 102, 201. 
 brogonen 74. 
 bronsein 73. 
 broud 70, 202. 
 bruch 73, 198, 200. 
 brudein 70. 
 brug ig8. 
 brusk 74. 
 burben 63. 
 burtellat 70, 202. 
 
 chavann 252. 
 chomein 229. 
 
 chudb 217. 
 chugon 217. 
 
 dalhein 328. 
 damen 294. 
 dannd 284. 
 damein 325. 
 davad 297. 
 da vein 297. 
 dazrou 311. 
 dia.d 295. 
 d6l6, dil6 301. 
 delyen 301. 
 din 290. 
 deouiein 296. 
 deruen 322. 
 deueh 295. 
 dilhad 298. 
 dinsein 290. 
 dor 327. 
 dorn 322. 
 dosein 306. 
 dou6 295. 
 
 douein, dovein 296, 
 dougein 308, 309. 
 dram 325. 
 draskal 324. 
 drich 329. 
 droug, drouk328. 
 du 300. 
 dubr, dour 296. 
 
 eb61 7. 
 
 6hr, €vr, oevr 20, 209. 
 
 €\m 115. 
 
 enep, eneb 2. 
 
 enk 4. 
 
434 — 
 
 BRETON 
 
 esked 2. 
 
 fangus 267. 
 fichein 263. 
 flip 198. 
 floh 198. 
 flokad 198. 
 foetein 274. 
 fonnein 213. 
 forhein 199. 
 foulad 193. 
 fouliar 193. 
 fouligein 193. 
 fournis 193. 
 frigein 199. 
 fringein 199. 
 frost 198. 
 froud 165. 
 
 gabelle 226. 
 gad 245. 
 gadoen 244. 
 gaiinein 239. 
 gargusen 184. 
 garh 177. 
 garheu 177. 
 garmein 185. 
 gavel od 226. 
 gavr 223. 
 gel 182. 
 
 gellein 182, 184. 
 g6neu 245. 
 gervel 185. 
 givin, ivin 241. 
 glastanen 289. 
 gleu 182. 
 glin 153. 
 gloan 193. 
 glo^h 179, 181, 198. 
 gloestr 185. 
 gl6ez 179. 
 goal 183, 193. 
 goallein 183. 
 goanv, gouafE 232. 
 goar 193. 
 goarem 193. 
 goaskein 267. 
 godein 244. 
 goad 231, 276. 
 goein 241. 
 godr 183, 193. 
 
 goleu 154. 
 golh 198. 
 gor 184. 
 gouil 195. 
 gouilein 183. 
 gouli 183, 193. 
 gourgam 201. 
 grad 179. 
 gres, gers 179. 
 groah 188. 
 groahennein 183. 
 gronnein 178. 
 grouien 203. 
 gu^l 154. 
 guell 195. 
 guelch 201. 
 guell at 195. 
 gu^n 212, 218. 
 gunnel 261. 
 guentein 209. 
 guerhed 202. 
 guemen 193. 
 guers 193. 
 guez, gu^h 265. 
 guezen, guythen 276. 
 guialen 193. 
 guin^nen 261. 
 guintal 274. 
 guiii 241. 
 guiz, goas 266. 
 guskein 266. 
 
 hadein 251. 
 hal 163. 
 haleg 164. 
 hal6n 164. 
 hanal 13. 
 hantein 249. 
 hant^r 228. 
 hani 32. 
 hanval 228. 
 ham^z 151. 
 h^aul 154. 
 h^chen 258. 
 hent 249. 
 hep 257. 
 het 249. 
 hili 163. 
 hinsein 255. 
 hir 151, 152. 
 hirris 179. 
 
 hoalein 164. 
 hoant 229, 256. 
 hoarh 175. 
 hoari 193. 
 hoer 155. 
 hoiarn 107. 
 houi 212. 
 houl 164. 
 huannein 251. 
 huech 258. 
 huerit 144. 
 huibanein 223. 
 huil^r 163. 
 huiz 215. 
 hun 221. 
 
 iah 109. 
 
 iar 115. 
 
 iau 112. 
 
 iein 34, 232. 
 
 ihu^l 269. 
 
 imboudein 50. 
 
 iouank iii. 
 
 ioud 33. 
 
 iuein no. 
 
 ivein 34. 
 
 ivin III, 241. 
 
 ivinnen in, 208, 241. 
 
 kaer 214. 
 kai 236. 
 kalavr 159. 
 kaledein 168. 
 kalon 163. 
 kam (crooked) 224. 
 kam (stride) 234. 
 kann 248. 
 kanvein 251. 
 kar^ 162. 
 karein 163. 
 karhein 162. 
 kani 159. 
 kaz 247. 
 keh 337. 
 keijein 337. 
 kel 161. 
 
 kelennein 155, 160. 
 keneu 252. 
 kent 234. 
 kentr 234, 247. 
 k^r 172. 
 
BRETON 
 
 435 — 
 
 kerhat 173. 
 ketan 234. 
 kfeu 253. 
 ki, keneu 252. 
 kibel 225. 
 kig 259. 
 klaskein 185. 
 kleu 156. 
 koachein 337. 
 koailhein 173. 
 koant 229. 
 kochon 253, 255. 
 koed 243. 
 kolin 172. 
 komm 225. 
 korrigan 166. 
 koulin 172. 
 koumein 225. 
 kounar 234. 
 kousk 217, 256. 
 kov 253. 
 
 krabisat 143, 169. 
 kreiz 175. 
 krib 169, 188. 
 krougein 173, 185. 
 
 lab^ein 142. 
 lagad 128, 136. 
 lahein 133. 
 lakat 76, 128. 
 lam 62, 142. 
 Ian 60. 
 landren 148. 
 lauskein 133. 
 led 70. 
 lenjen 128. 
 leu^nus 124. 
 leiiiat 59. 
 lezeu 130. 
 lich^r 127. 
 lid I4S- 
 ligern 137. 
 lijor 128. 
 lin 118 bis. 
 lipad 139. 
 lis 132. 
 im 118. 
 lofer 60. 
 loh 129. 
 lonkad 126. 
 loskadur 137. 
 
 lost 132, 149. 
 louam 124. 
 lous 119, 134. 
 lu^hein 137. 
 luhet 137. 
 lusk 123. 
 lutrin 149. 
 
 mab 91. 
 mad 79, 88. 
 magein 90. 
 maheignein 93. 
 mailh 100. 
 marh loi. 
 marii 96. 
 mat, mad 79, 88. 
 m^at 84. 
 m6dein 89. 
 mheu6z 84. 
 meginiein 93. 
 m^hur 90. 
 meij 94. 
 mdlein 98. 
 m^len, miMn 99. 
 mellein 98. 
 m^n (cub) 85. 
 men (stone) 85. 
 mendem 88. 
 mennein 81. 
 mergl loi. 
 merh loi. 
 me skein 94. 
 meud 88. 
 min (mine) 8$. 
 min (face) 84. 
 minel 86. 
 mirein 98. 
 miz 81. 
 moel 100. 
 moged 94. 
 monet 86, 88. 
 mor 97. 
 moten 86. 
 moug 94. 
 mouhein 83. 
 mous 93. 
 muser 83. 
 
 nahein 8, 23. 
 namein 32. 
 nant 25. 
 
 neirf 28. 
 n^rein 28. 
 nerh 29. 
 n^s 30. 
 nessaf 30. 
 nivlen 31. 
 noz 30. 
 
 oed 208. 
 o^n III. 
 of, Guf 207. 
 oh 266. 
 oheh 266. 
 ol 60. 
 
 orgenel 201. 
 orz 203. 
 ouilein 183. 
 oujen 263. 
 
 padein 52. 
 pahlat 41. 
 palen 56. 
 palon 56. 
 parein 66. 
 pautr 34. 
 p^h 41. 
 
 P^l 56. 
 pemp 44. 
 pen 253. 
 pes6 41, 43, 
 pens 42. 
 pilh 58. 
 pilhon 58. 
 pinvidic 36. 
 pironnein 161. 
 plou 60. 
 pobein 43. 
 pod, poz 52, 54. 
 polinat 56. 
 poul 57. 
 pousein 35. 
 pousin 43. 
 prenu 162. 
 pried 66. 
 
 randon 146. 
 rannein 145. 
 rang, rank 131. 
 redel 145. 
 regein 137. 
 
— 436 — 
 
 OLD CELTIC 
 
 ret 66, 151. 
 ridein 14S. i47- 
 rinkein 131. 
 rod 145- 
 rohann 131. 
 rohken 126. 
 rouden 145. 
 roued 147. 
 rust 147. 
 
 sak 259. 
 sannein 251. 
 sapem 220. 
 sauein 212. 
 seah 257. 
 seim 213. 
 serensat 330. 
 seuel 212. 
 sidre 249. 
 skarhein 162. 
 skau 253. 
 sked 243. 
 skejein 259. 
 skignan 259. 
 skl^r 167. 
 skoarn 235, 243. 
 skopein 222. 
 skoul 172. 
 sorven 155. 
 sp6s 44. 
 
 splann 71. 
 spontein 49- 
 spuns 43. 49- 
 stag 306. 
 stankein 306. 
 stefein 312. 
 steniieiii 283. 
 ster 319. 
 sterd 319, 327. 
 stem 319. 
 stok 305. 
 stropein 335. 
 stuhen 303. 
 
 tagein 306. 
 tailhein 318. 
 takonein 303. 
 tal 318. 
 
 tarn (stout) 312. 
 tarn (slice) 315. 
 tan 289. 
 tannein 289. 
 taran 319. 
 tar^r 335. 
 tarhein 330. 
 tari 319. 
 tauein 306. 
 taul 318 (bis), 
 taulein 318. 
 techet 304. 
 
 t^ein 315. 
 t^hein 304. 
 temallein 314. 
 tenaii 289. 
 tennein 289. 
 t^rein 332. 
 tesein 303. 
 teuen 287. 
 tihein 304. 
 tiho^l, tio61 314. 
 to^z 303. 
 tok 302. 
 tonkadur 306. 
 tor^ein 335. 
 torh 331. 
 toupek 315. 
 tra 335. 
 tr6 333. 
 
 trih, tr^men 334. 
 trenk 330. 
 trepikal 332. 
 trousel 331. 
 trutein 327. 
 tu 287. 
 tud 292. 
 tufek3is. 
 udein 275. 
 ui 263. 
 
 vagannein 260. 
 
 OLD CELTIC. 
 
 Gallic, British, Celtiberian, Ligurian, Rhaetian, Norican, Venetic, 
 
 Ogam Irish. 
 
 Aballaba 20. 
 aballos 20. 
 Abnoba 19. 
 Abona 19. 
 
 Abrincatui 229, 247. 
 Acaunum 7. 
 Acco 7. 
 Adamnan 12, 314. 
 
 adarca 329. 
 Advatuca 278. 
 Aedhan, Aidan 12. 
 Aesis 106. 
 
OLD CELTIC 
 
 437 — 
 
 Aevillius 208. 
 agassaios 6, 212. 
 Agedincum 108, 339. 
 Aginnum 6. 
 Aidui, Aedui 12. 
 Alaisiagae 136, 108. 
 alauda 146. 
 Alaunus 115. 
 Albiahenae 141. 
 Albion 138. 
 Albis 138. 
 alca 136. 
 alee 136. 
 Alesia 136. 
 AUobroges 116, 102. 
 Alpes 138. 
 ambacti 18. 
 Amber 20. 
 Ambiani 19. 
 Ambrones 20. 
 Amma 21. 
 Anavius 13. 
 Ancalites 4. 
 Andecavi 12, 236. 
 Andes 12. 
 andi- 15. 
 
 andobatta 12, 274. 
 Andrasta 324. 
 Animorix 13. 
 Antona 14. 
 Antros 12. 
 Appennini 19, 253. 
 Aquila 7. 
 Aquincum 7, 339. 
 Aquitania 7. 
 Arabo 117, 141. 
 Aramis 120. 
 Arar 114. 
 Arausio 117, 268. 
 Arbonius 138. 
 Arcobriga 136. 
 Arduenna 203, 261. 
 are- 68. 
 
 Aremorici 68, 97. 
 arepennis 138. 
 Arepo 138. 
 Argantonius 136. 
 Argentorate 136, 145. 
 Ariminum 120. 
 Arro 114, 197. 
 Arsius 197. 
 
 artavus 115. 
 Artos 116. 
 artua 116. 
 Arverni 114, 193, 
 Atecotti 15, 247. 
 Atectorix 36, 131. 
 Athesis 12, 268. 
 Atrebates 336. 
 Atrextus 332. 
 Atta, Atto II. 
 Aucius 264. 
 Audasius 274. 
 Aulerci 114. 
 Ausava 268, 207. 
 Autaritos 274. 
 Autessiodurum 274. 
 Auximum 269. 
 Avenio 206. 
 Aventicum 206, 109. 
 Avilius 206. 
 Avo 207. 
 Avoca 207. 
 avos CO) 207. 
 Axona 269. 
 
 bacuceus 263. 
 baditis 276. 
 Baedarus 274. 
 bagaudae 47, 273. 
 -ballium 193. 
 ballux 193. 
 Bannaventa 49, 261. 
 Banvos 240. 
 bardus 70. 
 
 Baronius 62, 63, 196. 
 Barrovindus 63, 276. 
 Barrus 63. 
 Basilea 266. 
 basium 267. 
 Bassus 263. 
 Belgae 19, 73. 
 Belisama 195, 229. 
 Bellovaci 195, 271. 
 Belus, Belinus 195. 
 Benacus 45, 51. 
 Bergomon 73, 20. 
 Betullus 278. 
 Bibracte 44. 
 Bilbilis 195. 
 Bingium 267. 
 birros 63. 
 
 Bituriges 39. 
 Bladus 65. 
 Blaesius 65. 
 Blandina 65. 
 Blatobulgion 65, 73- 
 Bledinus 65. 
 Boccus 47. 
 Bodencos 50, 339. 
 Bodiocasses 49, 214, 
 
 274. 
 Bodotria 50, 278. 
 Boii 47. 
 Bonna 261. 
 Bononia 261. 
 Bonxus 46. 
 Borbetomagus 63, 90. 
 Borbon 63. 
 Boresti 186. 
 Borvo 63. 
 
 Boudicca 49, 274, 109. 
 braccae 201. 
 Brannovices 70, 265. 
 bratude 196. 
 Bratuspantium 49,64, 
 
 196. 
 Brennus 70. 
 Breuci 20. 
 Brigantes 74. 
 Brigindo 74. 
 Brittones 196. 
 Brivas, -briva 20, 63. 
 Brixia 73, 198. 
 Brogitaros 102, 319. 
 Bucco 47. 
 Burdigala 70, 173. 
 Burdo 70. 
 Burrus 198. 
 Buvinda 242, 276. 
 
 caballus 223. 
 Cabillonum 223, 261. 
 Cadiliacus 214, 195. 
 caelia 172. 
 Caino 232. 
 Cale 70, 173. 
 Caledonii 168. 
 Caletes 168. 
 Calleva 173, 208. 
 Calmes 159. 
 Camaracus 224. 
 cambium 226. 
 
— 438 
 
 OLD CELTIC 
 
 Camboritam 224, 145. 
 cambus 224. 
 Cameron 224, 165. 
 camisia 229. 
 Camulos 224. 
 camum 229. 
 Canavus 252. 
 candetum 243. 
 canecosedlon 251,259. 
 Cantium 248. 
 Caracotinum 180,291. 
 caracutium 173. 
 Carantonus 163. 
 Caratacus 163. 
 Carausius 163, 269. 
 Carbantorix 170. 
 Carcasso 180, 2. 
 Camutes 168. 
 carpentum 170. 
 Cassius 214. 
 Catumaros 247, 97. 
 Catuslogi 247, 126. 
 Catuvolcus 247, 198. 
 Caurus 157. 
 Cavares 158. 
 celicnon. 172. 
 Celtae 168. 
 Cenomani 245. 
 Kentigem 234, 302. 
 Centrones 234. 
 Cerdubelus 168, 195. 
 Cermanus 168. 
 Cerones 161. 
 Cerotus 176. 
 Cerviacus 159. 
 Ciaro 161. 
 Cicolluis 259, 124. 
 Kieranus 161. 
 Cimenus 234. 
 Cimiacinus 234. 
 Cingetorix, 259. 
 Cinna 237. 
 Clado 176. 
 Clarenna 167, 261. 
 Clavenna 174, 261. 
 CI Ota 175. 
 Cloutius 156. 
 Cluniacos 153. 
 Clutamus 156. 
 Cnodavus 238. 
 Cocco 253. 
 
 Colania 160. 
 Coliniacus 172. 
 Commagenae 229, 6. 
 Commius 229. 
 Come 229. 
 Conallus 193. 
 Conanus 234. 
 Condate 228, 284. 
 Condomagus 243, 90. 
 Convictolitavis 70, 
 
 265. 
 Corbeius 172. 
 Coriondi 158, 276. 
 Coriosolitae 158, 164. 
 Comvoii 158. 
 Cottios 247. 
 covinnus 212. 
 Cravum 165. 
 Cremona 170, 261. 
 Cronium 165. 
 Crotus 176. 
 Cubi 225. 
 Cumba 225. 
 Cumbrogi 102. 
 Cunobarrus 63, 253. 
 Cunoglassus 182, 252. 
 Cunotamus 253. 
 Cuslanus 253. 
 Cusonius 255, 261. 
 
 Daccius 309. 
 Daganus 309. 
 Dalriada 298, 320. 
 Damn onii 12,284,313. 
 Dannius 284. 
 Danuvius 284. 
 Darioritum 322, 145. 
 Dassuvius 307. 
 Dattovir 299, 195. 
 Davidius 294. 
 Davus 297. 
 Decetia 309. 
 Decumates 310, 81. 
 dede 285. 
 
 Deiotarus 295, 319. 
 Demetae 284, 294. 
 Derco 329. 
 Dessios 309. 
 Dessobriga 306, 74. 
 Deuso 306. 
 Dhirona 326. 
 
 Dinia 290. 
 Divico 295, 109. 
 Divius 295. 
 Divitiacus 295. 
 Divona 295, 261. 
 Docirix 308. 
 Dommius 294. 
 Donnotaurus300,3i9. 
 Drappes 324, 325. 
 draucus 328. 
 Drinnacius 325. 
 Druentia 322. 
 Druna 322. 
 drungus 324. 
 Drusus 324. 
 Dubis 300. 
 Dubnorix 313, 131. 
 Dubris 297. 
 Duccius 308. 
 dugiontiio 309. 
 Dumna 314. 
 Dumnallus 193, 314. 
 Dumnotonus 314,2 89. 
 Durotriges 324, 131. 
 Dusios 306. 
 
 Ebudae 7. 
 Eburacon 20. 
 Eburones 20. 
 Egnatius 6. 
 Eirrosdomno 198,314. 
 Elenius 115. 
 Epidii 7, 273. 
 Epomandui 7, 88. 
 Eporedia 7, 143. 
 esox 106. 
 essedum 106, 251. 
 Esus, Hesus 106. 
 Esuvii 106, III, 212. 
 Eviranda 145, 208. 
 Evoiorix2o8, 131. 
 Exobnus 20. 
 
 Fadiliacus 275. 
 Fadius 275. 
 Fanula 261. 
 Fate 275. 
 Focunates 271. 
 Fonnius 261. 
 
 Gabali 223. 
 
OLD CELTIC 
 
 439 — 
 
 Gabromagus 223, 90. 
 gaison 231, 241. 
 Galatae 184. 
 Galgacus 185. 
 Galli 184. 
 Gamapia 232, 19. 
 Gamianus 232. 
 Gardo 175. 
 Gargorix 184. 
 Garunna 179. 
 Garrius 184. 
 Garyeunos 184, 34. 
 Gedhdhius 245. 
 Gelduba 182, 300. 
 Gellius 182. 
 Gemmeticum 232. 
 Genabum 245. 
 Genauni 239, 261. 
 Genava 245. 
 Gergovia 186. 
 Germanus 168. 
 Gerontona 179, 261. 
 Gessoriacus 252, 267. 
 Gildas 183. 
 Giltus 178. 
 Glagus 185. 
 Glandomiron 175, 96. 
 Glanna 182. 
 Glassicu 182, 252. 
 Glevum 181. 
 Gobannio 227. 
 gobed-bi 227. 
 Goidheli 241, 242. 
 Gordonicum 175. 
 Goreus 186. 
 Graioceli 234. 
 Granno 181. 
 Groma 180. 
 gronna 178. 
 
 Haelonus 164. 
 Helvetii 115. 
 Herrus 150. 
 Hibernia 36. 
 Hii 36. 
 
 lacetani 109. 
 -ialus 25, 251. 
 lamilius no. 
 lantumarus no, 97. 
 lasso 107. 
 
 Ibliomarus 21, 97. 
 lea 109. 
 
 Icciodorum 109, 327. 
 Iccius 109. 
 Iculisma 109, 132. 
 Indus 12. 
 
 Indutiomarus 295,97. 
 Insombres 229. 
 lona 36, III. 
 Isara 114, 117, 268. 
 Isarnoduros 107, 327. 
 Isarobriva 117, 20. 
 Isca 268. 
 Isis 268. 
 ludatus III. 
 (ou(A^apo6(ji, 20, 106. 
 lurca 137. 
 luvavon in. 
 luvencus 11 i. 
 Iveriu 36. 
 Iverne 36. 
 
 labarum 124. 
 Lacavos 133. 
 Lagnus 128. 
 langa 128. 
 Langobriga 128, 74. 
 Larius 60. 
 Latobrigi 146, 74. 
 Latonius 145, 146. 
 Lattius 146. 
 Laudo 146. 
 Launos 124. 
 Laurcus 124. 
 laurix 124. 
 Lautra 134. 
 ledo 145. 
 Lemanae 140. 
 Lemannos 140. 
 Lemovices 140. 
 Lepontii 142. 
 Liboius 140. 
 Licca 135. 
 Liger 128. 
 Ligures 128. 
 limeum 140. 
 Lingones 128. 
 Lister 132, 149. 
 Litavia 70. 
 Litavis 70. 
 Litorius 145. 
 
 liuga 128. 
 Livicus 119. 
 Livius 119. 
 Londinium 71, 124, 
 
 128, 290. 
 Lousonna 130, 261. 
 Lovernus 124. 
 Lucotecia 137, 304. 
 Lugus 128, 132. 
 Lutetia 137, 149, 304. 
 
 Macco 91. 
 Madonius 88, 261. 
 Magalorix 90. 
 Magliavus 90. 
 magulus 90. 
 -magus 90. 
 malinas 99. 
 Mamma 21. 
 Mancunium 182, 252. 
 Manduessedum 88, 
 
 106. 
 mannus 81. 
 Mantala 88. 
 marga 102. 
 Massonius 79, 93, 261. 
 mataris 89. 
 Matonius 79, 261. 
 Matriolae 79. 
 Matrona 79, 261. 
 Mattiaci 79. 
 Mebdus 90. 
 Medhdhu 82. 
 Mediolanum 87, 56. 
 Mediomatrici 87, 89. 
 Medoacus 90. 
 Meldi 104. 
 Melibocus 47, 98. 
 Mellosedum 98, 251. 
 Menapii 19, 85. 
 Mercasius 102. 
 Mevania 84, 261. 
 Mevennus 84, 261. 
 Miccius 94. 
 millimindrum 100, 85. 
 Mincius 84. 
 Minnius 81. 
 Moccus 93. 
 Moenus 84. 
 Mogo 91. 
 Mogontiacum 91. 
 
440 — 
 
 OLD CELTIC 
 
 Mollonius 98, 261. 
 Moltinus 100. 
 Momonia 21, 261. 
 Mona 84. 
 Monnius 86. 
 Monti one 86. 
 Morgia 102. 
 Morimarusa 97, 269. 
 Morini 97. 
 Mosella 93, 194. 
 Mullo 100. 
 Mummius 21. 
 murmillo 100. 
 Murra 99. 
 Mutina 88. 
 
 Nabalia 24. 
 Nantos 26. 
 Nantuates 25, 292. 
 Narbo 28. 
 Nemausus 32, 269. 
 nemeton 32. 
 Nemetona 32, 261. 
 Nennius 26. 
 Nerios 28. 
 Nerissa 28, 268. 
 Nertus 29. 
 Nervii 28. 
 Nicer 24, 26. 
 Nida 24, 25. 
 Nidalfa 25, 141. 
 Niskai 26. 
 Nitiobriges 24, 102. 
 Nodons 26. 
 Norici 28. 
 
 Noviantum 23, 261. 
 Numantia 32. 
 
 Ocelus 269. 
 Ocrion 7. 
 
 Octocannae 3, 232. 
 Octodurus 269, 327. 
 Ocusius 266. 
 Odarus 274. 
 Ofiliacus 18. 
 Ogius 263. 
 Ogmios 263. 
 Olana 60. 
 Olillus 60. 
 Olisipo 7, 132. 
 
 Oltis 117. 
 Onofrius 221. 
 Oppianicnos 18. 
 Orcades 122. 
 Ordovices 203, 266. 
 Orgetorix 122. 
 Orna 193. 
 Osca 269. 
 Ossismii 269. 
 Otho 274. 
 Oviorix 206. 
 Oxicarus 269. 
 Oxubii 269. 
 
 padi 52. 
 Padus 49, 52. 
 Paemani 33, 229. 
 Pannonii 33. 
 paraveredus 68, 221, 
 
 MS- 
 Paridius 62. 
 Parisii 66, 76. 
 Passiacum 41. 
 Patavium 33. 
 Pauliacus 60. 
 Paxiacum 41. 
 Pelagius 58. 
 Pelendones 71. 
 i:e[j.xeSouXa 44, 301. 
 Penninus 253. 
 Pennovindus253, 276. 
 Perperna 166. 
 Pescennius 42, 261. 
 petorritum 248, 145. 
 Petrucorii 248, 157. 
 Piccio 41. 
 Picti 42. 
 Pictones 42. 
 pilentum 58, 249. 
 Pinvernum 36. 
 Piranus 161. 
 Pitius 34. 
 Pivones 36. 
 Placentia 76. 
 Pleveus 59. 
 Plinius 60. 
 pi oxen um 75. 
 Podiolum 54. 
 Poetius 33. 
 Poppius 43. 
 Poros 62. 
 
 Pottius 36. 
 Povisi ^3. 
 Prasutagos 76, 306. 
 Primiacus 67. 
 Probiacus 59. 
 prodilus 322. 
 Proxumae 77. 
 Pusinius 43, 
 
 Quameros 229. 
 Quemea 229. 
 Quenvindos 253, 276. 
 Queranus 161. 
 Querquernae 166. 
 Quigo 259. 
 Quossa 255. 
 
 Rama 120. 
 ramedon 120. 
 Ratisbona 145, 261. 
 Ratostabios 312, 145, 
 Raudii 149. 
 Raura 120. 
 Raurici 120. 
 Reburrus 198. 
 Reddhomarus 147,97. 
 Redones 145. 
 Remi 67, 120. 
 Rhenus 118. 
 Rhodanus 145, 149. 
 Rigomagus 131, 90. 
 Robogdion 68, 47. 
 Rocco 125. 
 Roscius 125. 
 Rosmerta 68, 98. 
 Rotomagus 145, 90. 
 Rotona 145. 
 Rotovallum 145, 193. 
 Rumo 120. 
 rumpotinus 142, 289. 
 Runcones 125. 
 Ruteni 149. 
 
 sabaium 213. 
 Sabatinus 213. 
 Sabis 213. 
 Sabrina 213, 118. 
 Sacco 257. 
 Sacroviros 256, 195. 
 Saeconius 258. 
 
OLD CELTIC 
 
 441 — 
 
 Saevates 210. 
 sagos 257. 
 Saguntum 257. 
 Salassi 163, 106. 
 Samalus 228. 
 Samara 229, 117. 
 Sambis 229. 
 Sancius 256. 
 Santones 249. 
 Sapaudia 220, 273, 
 sappinus 220. 
 Saravus 163, 207. 
 Sassius 258. 
 Sattonius 216, 261. 
 Scaldis 175. 
 Scarponna 143. 
 Scetis 234. 
 Scitlivissos 235. 
 oxogii) 253. 
 Scopilius 222. 
 Scotti 247. 
 Seccius 217. 
 Segomo 257, 20. 
 segusius 257, 212. 
 Selgovae 126. 
 Sena 250. 
 Seneca 250. 
 Senona 212, 250. 
 Sequana 217. 
 Sermius 151. 
 serracum 337. 
 Serrus 150. 
 Sesciacus 217. 
 Seseronius 155, 261. 
 Sidolucus 249, 137. 
 Sidonius 249, 261. 
 Silvanectes 164, 30. 
 Sirmio 152. 
 Sironius 152, 261. 
 Soio 212. 
 Solicius 154, 109. 
 Solinus 154. 
 Solventum 154, 261 
 Sosius 213. 
 Spira 62. 
 Sporus 62. 
 Stabatio 312. 
 Stampae 312. 
 Stardius 327. 
 Stirpiacus 336. 
 Strato 320. 
 
 Sturia 319. 
 Suallia 164. 
 Suessiones 266. 
 Sugasis 213, 231, 
 Sugnutia 213, 239. 
 Sulgia 126. 
 Susema 155. 
 Sveius 212. 
 
 Taius 292. 
 Taixali 303. 
 Taliesin 318, 107. 
 Tamaros 314. 
 Tamesis 268, 314. 
 Tanaros 288. 
 Tanetos 289, 11. 
 Tangonae 306. 
 Tapponius 315. 
 Tara 319. 
 Taranus 319. 
 tarinca 334, 339- 
 Tartarum 333. 
 Tarusco 332. 
 Tarvedum 276, 333. 
 Tarvos 319. 
 tasconium 303. 
 Tasiliacus 303. 
 Tavus 287. 
 Taximagulus 303, 96. 
 tebato 312. 
 Teccunius 304, 261. 
 Tectosages 304. 
 Tedhdhius 291. 
 Tedusia 291, 268. 
 Tenedo 289, 291. 
 Termes 334. 
 Tibiscus 287, 268. 
 Tiburnia 287, 193. 
 Ticinus 304. 
 Tigernus 302, 193. 
 Tigurini 302. 
 Timavus 315, 207. 
 Tina 289. 
 
 Tipurinius 287, 313. 
 Tisa 289. 
 Tobius 287. 
 Togorix 302. 
 Tolbiacum 318. 
 Tolosa 318, 338. 
 Tongius 306. 
 Tontius 292. 
 
 tossia 303. 
 Toutiorix 292, 131. 
 Tovissacos 287, 303. 
 tragula 331. 
 Trasimenus 332, 84. 
 tre-, tri 334. 
 Trebonius 336, 261. 
 Trenacatus 332, 247. 
 Treviri 334, 195. 
 Trinobantes 24, 334. 
 Trisanton 334, 256. 
 Trogus 331. 
 Trumplia 336. 
 Trutobriga 327, 74. 
 Tubantes 312. 
 Tucca 303. 
 Tueda 292. 
 Tuesis 287, 268. 
 Tulingi 318, 128. 
 Tullus 318. 
 Tunccetacae 306, 233. 
 Turicus 319, 109. 
 Turones 319, 335. 
 
 Ubii III. 
 Urnia 193. 
 Uxantis 269. 
 Uxellodunum 
 290. 
 
 269, 
 
 Vagoritum 264, 145. 
 Vasates 266. 
 Vascones 269. 
 oiorefs 275. 
 Vectis 265. 
 Vedra 276. 
 Venelli 261. 
 Veneti 261. 
 Venicontes 109, 261. 
 Venta 261. 
 Ventius 209. 
 Verbanus 45, 221. 
 Verbigenus 196, 239. 
 Vercingetorix 195, 
 
 259- 
 Vergilius 198, 25. 
 Vergivius 201, 208. 
 vergobretus 198, 196. 
 Vergustus 198, 231. 
 Vernodubrum 193, 
 
 297. 
 
— 442 — OLD CELTIC 
 
 vertragus 331, 195, Vindelici 135, 276, Vodgoriacum 274, 
 
 202. 274. 186. 
 
 Vesontio 269. Vindobona 276, 261. Volcae 20, 198. 
 
 Viagrius 263. Vindonissa 276, 26. Vopiscus 220, 268. 
 
 Viducasses 274, 214. Viridomarus 195, 97. Vortigem 221, 302. 
 
 Vienna 261. Vocontii 271. Vosegus 269. 
 

 
 
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