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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
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 924 101 862 492 
 
 Introductory 
 
 N FEBRUARY 20, 1915— on time and 
 minutely ready — the Panama- Pacific Inter- 
 national Exposition will be opened at San 
 Francisco. 
 
 It will be the third exposition of its 
 class held in the United States and the 
 twelfth of its class held anywhere in 
 the world. It is the official, national and 
 international celebration of a contemporaneous event — 
 the opening of the Panama Canal. 
 
 The propriety of celebrating that event by a great 
 Universal Exposition was recognized several years ago. It 
 was recognized at the same time that as the event was 
 of transcendent importance its celebration, to be adequate, 
 must transcend all precedent. If the greatest physical 
 achievement in history was to be celebrated by an Expo- 
 sition, then that Exposition should be the greatest in 
 history. 
 
 Only those who have seen and studied the great 
 universal expositions of the past can realize the task 
 involved in building one that should excel them all. 
 Great as this task appeared, the honor of assuming it 
 was sought by many cities. After much consideration 
 Congress, in 1910, entrusted the responsibility to San 
 Francisco and the Panama-Pacific International Exposi- 
 tion represents the fulfillment of that national trust. 
 
 Such is the genesis, briefly stated, of the great 
 Exposition to which California, as the hostess-state, 
 invites the world in 1915. 
 
 It seems particularly fitting that this invitation should 
 come from California. It seems fitting that the Exposi- 
 tion, which marks the beginning of a new era in 
 commerce, should be held on the shores of the Pacific. 
 California marks the limit of the geographical progress 
 of civilization. For unnumbered centuries the course of 
 
 
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 empire has been steadily to the west. On the shores of 
 the Pacific it finds itself still facing west, yet looking to 
 the east; or, in Whitman's beautiful phrasing: 
 
 "Facing west, from California's shores, 
 Inquiring, tireless, seeking what is yet unfound, 
 I, a child, very old, over waves, towards the house of 
 
 maternity, the land of migrations, look afar. 
 Look off the shores of my Western Sea — the circle 
 
 almost circled." 
 
 This Exposition therefore marks the beginning of a new 
 era in civilization. The circle is now fully circled; the 
 West has met the East. 
 
 There can be no cessation of the progress of mankind, 
 but as that progress can no longer be, in the geographical 
 sense, onward, it must be, in the ethical sense, upward. 
 
 Geographically, the Exposition is fittingly placed on 
 the shores of the Pacific, because of the new and 
 immense importance which the nations of the Pacific 
 area, under the stimulus of the Panama Canal, will now 
 assume in the eyes of commerce. 
 
 And such is the practical advantage offered by Cali- 
 fornia as a state for the reception of Exposition visitors. 
 The climate of San Francisco permits the Exposition to 
 remain open for ten months, offering a temperature 
 unchangingly comfortable during the whole period. 
 
 In this garden of the earth, at the great Panama-Pacific 
 International Exposition, in 1915, man will meet his 
 fellows from the four quarters of the globe. There will 
 be free expression of thought, a comparison of methods, 
 and an interchange of ideas such as the world has never 
 known. And this is the greatest purpose of all great expo- 
 sitions. They infallibly broaden the mental horizon of the 
 individual visitor and thereby lead to greater social sym- 
 pathies, to the harmonizing of geographical viewpoints, 
 to better national understandings. 
 
 Entirely aside from the practical instruction to be had 
 from the commercial, scientific and educational exhibits, 
 no one can visit San Francisco and the great Universal 
 Exposition of 1915 and fail to receive in addition a mental, 
 social and spiritual stimulus. 
 
 / / 
 
 
 X- 
 
The Event 
 
 Cutting the Panama Canal 
 
 OME four centuries ago, Balboa, the intrepid, the perse- 
 vering, led his little band of adventurers across the 
 Isthmus of Darien, as it was then called, and leaving 
 their protection, gave rein to his impatience by going on 
 ahead and climbing alone, slowly and painfully, the conti- 
 nental divide, from which vantage point he discovered the 
 world's largest ocean. 
 We are told that, later, gathering his followers, he walked out into the 
 surf and with his sword in his right hand and the banner of Castile in his 
 left he gave the vast expanse of water its present name and claimed all 
 the land washed by its waves as the lawful property of the proud country 
 to which he owed allegiance. 
 
 The narrowness of the Isthmus naturally suggested the cutting of a 
 waterway through it. It interposed between Atlantic and Pacific a barrier 
 in places less than fifty miles wide. To sail from Colon to Panama — forty- 
 five miles as the bird flies — required a voyage around Cape Horn — some 
 ten thousand miles. Yet it was nearly four centuries before any actual 
 effort was made to construct such canal. 
 
 In 1876 an organization was perfected in France for making surveys 
 and collecting data on which to base the construction of a canal across 
 
 City of Colon, Atlantic Side of Canal 
 
the Isthmus of Panama, and in 1878 a concession for prosecuting the 
 work was secured from the Colombian Government. 
 
 In May, 1879, an international congress was convened, under the 
 auspices of Ferdinand de Lesseps, to consider the question of the best 
 location and plan of the canal. 
 
 The Panama Canal Company was organized, with Ferdinand de Lesseps 
 as its President. The stock of this company was successfully floated 
 in December, 1880. The two years following were devoted largely to 
 surveys, examinations and preliminary work. 
 
 In 1889 the company went into bankruptcy, and operations were sus- 
 pended until the new Panama Canal Company was organized in 1894. 
 
 The United States, not unmindful of the advantages of an Isthmian 
 Canal, had from time to time made surveys of the various routes. With 
 a view to Government ownership and control. Congress directed an 
 investigation, with the result that the Commission reported on November 
 16th, 1901, in favor of Panama and recommended the lock type of 
 canal, appraising the value of the ■ rights, franchises, concessions, 
 lands, unfinished work, plans and other property, including the railroad 
 of the new Panama Canal Company, at $40,000,000. An act of Congress 
 approved June 28th, 1902, authorized the President of the United States 
 to acquire this property at this figure, and also to secure from the Republic 
 of Colombia perpetual control of a strip of land not less than six miles 
 wide across the Isthmus and the right to excavate, construct and operate 
 and protect thereon a canal of such depth and capacity as will afford 
 convenient passage of the largest ships now in use or as may be reason- 
 ably anticipated. 
 
 Later on a treaty was made with the Republic of Panama whereby the 
 United States was granted control of a ten-mile strip constituting the 
 
 TheGreal Fourteen-Gate Spillway at Galun 
 
\N at r in C ulcbra Cut 
 
 Canal Zone. This was ratified by the Republic of Panama on December 
 2nd, 1903, and by the United States on February 23rd, 1904. 
 
 On May 4th, 1904, work was begun under United States control. 
 
 The Isthm.us of Panama runs east and west and the canal travel ses 
 it from Colon on the north to Panama on the south in a general direction 
 from northwest to southeast, the Pacific terminus being twenty-tv/o miles 
 east of the Atlantic entrance. 
 
 The principal features of the canal are a sea-level entrance channel 
 from the east through Limon Bay to Gatun, about seven miles long, 
 500 feet bottom width and 41 feet deep at mean tide. At Gatun the 
 85-foot lake level is obtained by a dam across the valley. The lake is 
 confined on the Pacific side by a dam between the hills at Pedro Miguel, 
 32 miles away. The lake thus formed will have an area of 164 square 
 miles and a channel depth of not less than 45 feet at normal stage. 
 
 At Gatun ships will pass from the sea to the lake level, and vice versa, 
 by three locks in flight. On the Pacific side there will be one lowering 
 of 30 feet at Pedro Miguel to a small lake 55 feet above sea level, 
 held by dam at Miraflores, where two lowerings overcome the difference 
 of level to the sea. The channel betv/een the locks on the Pacific side 
 will be 500 feet wide at the bottom and 45 feet deep, and below the 
 Miraflores locks the sea-level section, about eight miles in length, will 
 be 500 feet wide at the bottom, and 45 feet deep at mean tide. Through 
 the lake the bottom widths are not less than 1000 feet for about 16 
 miles, 800 feet for about 4 m.iles, 500 feet for about 3 miles, and through 
 the continental divide from Bas Obispo to Pedro Miguel, a distance of 
 about 9 miles, the bottom width is 300 feet. 
 
 The total length of the canal from deep water in the Caribbean, 41-foot 
 depth at mean tide to deep water in the Pacific, 45-foot depth at mean 
 tide is practically 50 miles, 15 miles of which are at sea level. 
 
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 Culebra CuI,Sho\^')n!! the Cucaracha Slide 
 
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Emergency Dams each side of Gatun Locks 
 
 The greatest difficulty encountered in the excavation of the canal has 
 been due to slides and breaks which caused large masses of material 
 to slide or move into the excavated area, closing off the drainage, upset- 
 ting steam shovels and tearing up the tracks. The greatest slide was at 
 Cucaracha, and gave trouble when the French first began cutting in 1884. 
 Though at first confined to a length of 800 feet, the slide extended to 
 include the entire basin south of Gold Hill, or a length of about 3000 
 feet. Some idea of the magnitude of these slides can be obtained from 
 the fact that during the fiscal year 1910 of 14,921,750 cubic yards that 
 were removed 2,649,000 cubic yards, or 18 per cent, were from slides or 
 breaks that had previously existed or that had developed during the year. 
 
 The one greatest undertaking of the whole excavation is the Culebra 
 cut. Work has been in progress on this since 1880, and during the French 
 control over 20,000,000 cubic yards were removed. On May 4th, 1904, 
 when the United States took charge, it was estimated that there was 
 left to excavate 150,000,000 cubic yards. Some idea of the size of this 
 big cut may be formed from the fact that this division has within its 
 jurisdiction over 200 miles of 5-foot-gauge track laid, about 55 miles of 
 v.fhich is within the side slopes of the Culebra cut alone. 
 
 The great dam at Gatun is a veritable hill — 7500 feet over all, 2100 
 feet wide at the base, 398 feet through at the water surface, and 100 
 feet wide at the top, which is 115 feet above sea level. The dimensions 
 of the dam are such as to assure that ample provision is made against 
 every force which may affect its safety, and while it is made of dirt, a 
 thing before unheard of, it is of such vast proportions that it is as strong 
 and firm as the everlasting hills themselves. 
 
 Fluctuations in the lake due to floods are to be controlled by an 
 immense spillway dam built of concrete. The front of the dam is 
 the arc of a circle 740 feet long with 14 openings which, when the gates 
 are raised to the full height, will permit a discharge of 140,000 cubic 
 
 Cucaracha Slir^e, which carried away ihe railroad 
 
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 The Entrance of Gatun Locks from Gatun Lake 
 
 feet per second. The water thus discharged will pass through a diversion 
 channel in the old bed of the Chagres River, generating, by an enormous 
 electric plant, the power necessary for operating the locks. 
 
 The locks of the canal are in pairs, so that if any lock is out of service 
 navigation will not be interrupted; also, when all the locks are in use the 
 passage of shipping v/ill be expedited by using one set of locks for the 
 ascent and the other for descent. These locks are 110 feet wide and have 
 usable lengths of 1000 feet. The system of filling adopted consists of a 
 culvert in each side wall feeding laterals perpendicular to the access 
 of the lock, from which are openings upward into the lock chamber. 
 The entire lock can be filled or emptied in fifteen minutes and forty-two 
 seconds when one culvert is used and seven minutes and fifty-one seconds 
 using both culverts. It is estimated that it will require about ten hours 
 for a large ship to make the entire trip through the canal. 
 
 Many extraordinary feats of engineering were accomplished to over- 
 come the difficulties presented. Special contrivances, wonderful in their 
 operation, were invented to meet exigencies and emergencies. 
 
 The first and greatest problem attempted by the United States was 
 how to make the Canal Zone healthful. This strip of land from ocean 
 to ocean abounded in disease-breeding swamps and filthy habitations 
 unfit for human beings. The death rate was appalling and the labor con- 
 ditions terrible. 
 
 During the first two and a half years all energies were devoted to 
 ridding the Isthmus of disease by sanitation, to recruiting and organ- 
 izing a working force and providing for it suitable houses, hotels, messes, 
 kitchens and an adequate food supply. This work included clearing lands, 
 draining and filling pools and swamps for the extermination of the mos- 
 quito, the establishment of hospitals for the care of the sick and injured 
 and the building of suitable quarantine quarters. 
 
 Miraf^ores Locks, Lower Level 
 
Blasting Gamboa Dyke 
 
 The Meeling of the Waters 
 
 Municipal improvements were undertaken in Panama and Colon and 
 the various settlements in the Canal Zone, such as the construction of 
 reservoirs, pavements and a system of modern roads. Over 2000 buildings 
 were constructed beside the remodeling of 1500 buildings turned over 
 by the French company. 
 
 It was only after all this preliminary sanitation was accomplished that 
 the real work of digging the canal could go forward with any hope of suc- 
 cess. These hygienic conditions had the result of making the Canal 
 Zone one of the most healthful spots in the world and work on the canal 
 became so popular that it was no longer necessary to enlist recruits from 
 the West Indies, the good pay, fair treatment and excellent living condi- 
 tions bringing thousands of laborers from Spain and Italy. The greatest 
 number employed at any one time was 45,000, of which 5000 were 
 Americans. 
 
 The completion of this herculean task marks an epoch in the history 
 of the world. A gigantic battle against floods and torrents, pestilence 
 and swamps, tropical rivers, jungles and rock-ribbed mountains has been 
 fought— and WON! 
 
 Well worthy a place in the halls of immortal fame are the names of 
 the thousands of sturdy sons who with ingenuity, pluck and perse- 
 verance never before equaled have succeeded in making a pathway for 
 the nations of the world from ocean to ocean. 
 
 This great and daring undertaking, which had for its object the open- 
 ing up of nev.' trade routes and lines of commerce, annihilating distance 
 and wiping out the width of two continents between New York and 
 Yokohama and making the Atlantic seaboard and the Pacific Coast close 
 neighbors, is the climax of man's achievement and the greatest gift to 
 civilization. It will help in the consummation of man's loftiest dreams 
 of world friendship and world peace. 
 
 Cathedral Square. City of Panama, Pacific End of Canal 
 
The Panama- Pacific International Exposition 
 
 FITTINGLY commensurate with the heroic achievement will 
 be the celebration in its honor. 
 
 The completion ot the Panama Canal being an accom- 
 plishment affecting the interests of every civilized nation, 
 the celebration thereof naturally suggested was a great 
 Universal Exposition in which all nations should partici- 
 pate under the auspices of the United States. As already 
 mentioned in the introduction to this booklet, Congress designated 
 San Francisco as the place for such an Exposition and entrusted 
 to that city and to the State of California the responsibility of providing 
 for the reception of the nations of the world and for the housing of 
 the exhibits which should best demonstrate their achievenients. 
 
 This responsibility was gladly accepted by California and the work of 
 carrying out the duty to the nation was begun immediately. 
 
 In the space of a few days a fund approximating $20,000,000 was 
 raised by the citizens of San PYancisco, the municipality and the State 
 Legislature. The fifty-eight counties of California are raising several 
 million dollars for their individual displays, which will be on an elaborate 
 scale. This will be added to by the various states throughout the Union 
 and materially augmented by liberal amounts from foreign countries the 
 world over. It has been conservatively estimated that the grand total will 
 represent an expenditure exceeding $50,000,000. 
 
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 Over the Domes, ihrouch the Golden Gate 
 
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 Palace of Ediicaliun, May 1, 1914 
 
 May Day Exercises, Exposition Site 
 
 In magnificence and splendor, number of palaces, beauty of grounds, 
 number and quality of exhibits, diversity of subjects, completeness of 
 detail and hugeness of the whole this will be an exposition adequate 
 to the event it celebrates. It will have great and lasting effect upon the 
 trade, relationships and commercial activity of all countries. 
 
 The Panama-Pacific International Exposition sets a new standard for 
 world expositions • 
 
 It is universal in plan In that it includes the peoples and products from 
 every section of the globe, giving invitation to all alike and making every 
 effort to have all their resources and achievements represented by exhibits. 
 In brief, it will be a cross-section of human accomplishment. 
 
 It is contemporaneous in character. Nothing will be shown or demon- 
 strated in competition for award that does not have its place in our 
 every-day life. While examples of the civilization of all ages will be 
 shown for the purpose of comparison and education, the results of the 
 achievements of the present decade will have the place of honor. 
 
 It is selective. This point alone guarantees a degree of quality that 
 could not be obtained in any other way. In this Exposition representative 
 types will have the first consideration. All exhibits will go through a 
 vigorous process of investigation, examination and elimination before 
 they are finally approved. This is the most valuable feature of the 
 Exposition from the viewpoint of both the exhibitor and the visitor. 
 
 The Exposition site combines to an extraordinary degree the qualities 
 of beauty, adaptability and convenience. It is a natural amphitheatre, 
 fronting on the wonderful island-dotted Bay of San Francisco, just inside 
 the famous Golden Gate. Towering, wooded heights flank it at each end, 
 while at its back the hills roll up sharply. All this is in the very heart 
 
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 Crowds In Palace of Machine 
 
Facades of Education and Food Products 
 
 Mines and Metallurgy, May 1,1914 
 
 of the best residential district of San Francisco and within fifteen minutes 
 street car ride from the City Hall. 
 
 The view facing north is across the sparkling waters of the Bay — a land- 
 locked harbor which resembles a great mountain lake more than an arm 
 of the sea. It is rimmed around by mountains, with haughty Tamalpais 
 towering over all. Under the turquoise California sky, drenched with sun- 
 shine and color, it is a scene at once exquisitely beautiful and solemnly 
 majestic. 
 
 With this wonderful scene as a background, the architects, artists 
 and landscape gardeners of the Exposition have planned and erected a 
 city straight out of a beautiful dream. It can not be described in words 
 nor adequately shown in picture, although an attempt to give the reader 
 an idea of its general color effect appears elsewhere in this booklet. 
 
 The proximity of the site to a world waterway is a wonderful advan- 
 tage. Through the portals of the Golden Gate the nations of the earth can 
 bring their richest offerings to the very gates of the Exposition, avoid- 
 ing a long continental haul and consequent damage from reshipping. 
 
 The site adapts itself to the carrying out of wonderful aquatic displays. 
 Carnivals, maneuvers by the fleets of all nations, international yacht 
 racing, motor boat racing, exhibitions by submarines and hydroplanes, 
 all can be indulged in in the immediate foreground of the Exposition 
 palaces. The entire navies of the world can here assemble and land their 
 crews right on the edge of the beautiful "Marina." 
 
 The main exhibit palaces, eleven in number, contain, under a compre- 
 hensive and representative classification, examples of the resources and 
 achievements along all lines of human endeavor, which are divided into 
 departments as follows: "A" — Fine Arts; "B" — Education; "C" — Social 
 Economy; "D" — Liberal Arts; "E" — Manufactures and Varied Indus- 
 
 The Million Dollar Exposition Auditorium in the Civic Center 
 
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 The Panama-Pacific Inlernalional Exposition Site, April 1. I 91 3 
 
 ti-ies; "F"— Machinery; "G"— Transportation; "H"— Agriculture; "I"— 
 Agric. (food products); "K"— Horticulture; "L"— Mines and Metallurgy. 
 
 These eleven great palaces, together with Festival Hall, form the cen- 
 tral setting of a beautiful picture, flanked on the city side by the 
 amusement section or concessions district and on the other end by the 
 buildings of the various states and the pavilions of the foreign nations. 
 These latter join the aviation field, race track and live stock exhibit, 
 terminating in the grounds of a great military reservation, the Presidio, 
 where the competitive drills and army maneuvers will take place. 
 
 In formation the eight main exhibit palaces — Education, Liberal Arts, 
 Manufactures, Varied Industries, Agriculture, Food Products, Transpor- 
 tation and Mines and Metallurgy — represent a quadrangle, being bisected 
 by an avenue east and west and intersected by avenues north and south, 
 the intersections marking the three great courts. The facades of the 
 palaces are the walls of these courts and partake of the particular style 
 of architecture dominating the court on which they front. These eight 
 palaces are flanked on the east by the great Palace of Machinery and on 
 the west by the Palace of Fine Arts. 
 
 Passing through the main gate on the city side the visitor enters the 
 great South Garden, 3000 feet in length, on the right extremity of 
 which can be seen the beautiful Festival Hall. To the extreme left is 
 the Palace of Horticulture. Immediately in front is the Main Tower or 
 "Tower of Jewels." This great garden, itself a marvel of landscape engi- 
 neering skill, is but one side of a magic carpet on which these beautiful 
 palaces are set, the 300-foot wide "Marina" and its grand esplanade, with 
 its floricultural splendors, forming the other side, the pattern threading its 
 winding way through the various courts and recesses over the entire 
 grounds, forming a correlated whole v/hich, for wondrous beauty, has 
 never been equaled. 
 
 Panorama of the Site Showint! the 
 
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 The h'anama-h'acjtic International hxposition Site, April 1, 1914 
 
 Passing from this great garden under the arch of the main tower 
 the visitor enters the "Court of the Universe," the largest of the five 
 courts of the Exposition. This is the meeting place of the Eastern and 
 Western hemispheres, and the decorative scheme on each side is typical 
 of this theme. On the extreme right and left are two great Triumphal 
 Arches, the one on the right, which leads to the Court of Abundance, 
 being surmounted b}.' a magnificent statuary group, "The Nations of the 
 East," the figures symbolizing life in the Orient, while the arch on the 
 left, leading to the Court of the Four Seasons, has a group of the same 
 proportions, "The Nations of the West," symbolical of life in the Occi- 
 dent. Straight ahead is the colossal column of Progress, surmounted by 
 the "Adventurous Bowman" shooting the arrow toward the West. 
 
 To the right, under the "A.rch of the Rising Sun," is the avenue leading 
 to the "Court of Abundance," v/hich terminates at its southern extremity 
 into the "Court of Flowers," one of the minor courts; while to the left, 
 under the "Arch of the Setting Sun," is the avenue leading to the beau- 
 tiful "Court of the Four Seasons," Avhich, at its southern extremity, 
 enters the other minor court, the "Court of Palms." 
 
 Continuing straight ahead one comes to the edge of the spacious 
 Yacht Harbor and the center of the Grand Esplanade or "Marina." Long 
 after the Exposition is over — when it is only a fond and loving memory 
 — this esplanade will rem.ain to grace and enhance the natural beauties 
 of San Francisco Bay. 
 
 While color will be the dominant note — color grouped in large masses 
 of reds, blues, greens and golds — yet over all will prevail harmony, the 
 palaces themselves being of a soft, neutral tint — a smoked ivory — that 
 is at once pleasing and restful to the eyes. 
 
 One of the most attractive and beautiful features of this Exposition 
 will be the electrical illumination. By an entirely new system of flood 
 
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 Main Exhibit Palaces, May I, 1914 
 
Looking Across the "Concessions" District to the Marin Hills 
 
 lighting a soft, restful, yet perfect light will pervatde the courts at night, 
 revealing in wonderful clearness the facades and walls of the palaces 
 and the natural colors of the shrubbery and flowers. By peculiar and 
 novel lighting devices the statuary and mural paintings will be made to 
 appear with even heightened effect. Concealed batteries will project 
 powerful yet softened rays of light that will cause tens of thousands of 
 specially prepared glass "jewels," hung tremulously upon the towers, to 
 flash and scintillate like great diamonds, emeralds and rubies. At a point 
 on the bay shore will be erected apparatus that will weave in the night sky 
 auroras of ever-changing color. Altogether the spectacle will be inter- 
 esting and wonderful and never to be forgotten. 
 
 Exposition Palaces and Courts 
 
 Palace of Fine Arts. Designed by R. B. Maybeck. Its length from 
 north to south describes an arc eleven hundred feet. This palace will 
 face upon a great lagoon of placid water which will reflect its beautiful 
 architecture. It will be a fire-proof structure. In the center of the arc 
 will be erected a great dome with steps leading down to the lagoon in a 
 beautiful setting of shrubbery, composed of Monterey Cypress and other 
 evergreen trees, making perhaps the prettiest setting of the whole 
 Exposition site. The painting and sculpture of every nation of artistic 
 prominence will be artistically shown in this palace. The exhibits in 
 the United States section will consist not only of the work of contem- 
 porary artists, but of historic American paintings from the time of West, 
 Copley and Stuart to the present and a loan collection of canvases by 
 foreign artists owned in the United States. The installation of the 
 canvases and small bronzes will be intimate. The color scheme of the 
 galleries varying to serve as a sympathetic background for their contents. 
 
 Palace of Horticulture. Designed by Messrs. Bakewell & Brown of 
 San Francisco. This palace is constructed almost entirely of glass and 
 covers over five acres. It is surmounted by a dome 160 feet in height. 
 
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 It is 672 feet long and its greatest width is 320 feet. An imposing nave 
 80 feet in height runs the length of the building and paralleling the 
 central nave are (one on either side) two side aisles each 50 feet in 
 height. All phases of practical horticulture will be embraced in this 
 exhibit. Among other things a fully equipped fruit-canning establishm.ent 
 will be in operation, showing the sanitary way in which fruit is prepared 
 and canned; a seed-packing establishment, orange-packing house, olive 
 oil presses in operation; tools used in the culture of fruits, trees and 
 flowers. The frostless climate of California, which enables plant life 
 to attain the highest perfection, will give the floricultural exhibit a 
 distinction and beauty it has not been possible to attain at other expo- 
 sitions where the seasons have been short and the winters severe. There 
 is to be a rose contest in which the Exposition offers as trophy a thousand- 
 dollar cup to the originator of the finest new seedling rose which has 
 never before been exhibited. 
 
 The Great Palace of Machinery. Designed by Messrs. Ward & Blohme 
 of San Francisco. This palace is the largest building erected on the 
 Exposition site. It is 968 feet by 368 feet. One mile and a half of 
 cornices was used in ornamenting the building. Four carloads of nails 
 and 1500 tons of bolts and washers were used in its construction. 
 In this palace will be assembled exhibits of machinery used in the gener- 
 ation, transmission and application of power. Several groups will comprise 
 examples of steam generators and motors utilizing steam, internal com- 
 bustion motors, hydraulic motors, miscellaneous motors, general machinery 
 apparatus and accessories, and tools for shaping wood and metals. Ten 
 special electrical groups will cover the generation, distribution and control 
 of electrical energy in its application to mechanical and motor power, 
 lighting and heating. 
 
 It is not possible to name any one person as the designer of the follow- 
 ing eight palaces comprising the central group. They are composite 
 in design, each facade partaking of the particular style of architecture 
 dominating the court on which it fronts. 
 
 Palace of Education and Social Economy. The exhibits in this palace 
 will show development along these lines since 1905, and by specializing on 
 
 The Palace of Machinery Compared in Size to a Railroad Train 
 
CELEBRATING 
 
 THE 
 
 OPENING 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Two Mews of Ihf A\-enu.- of Procress. May IS, 1914 
 
 prominent movements and reforms will seek to forecast the education of 
 tomorrow. There will be a com.parative exhibit of the educational sys- 
 tems of all nations participating and a comprehensive demonstration of 
 educational work in the United States in all its phases from kindergarten 
 to university. The Departm.ent of Social Economy will bring together 
 a comprehensive collection of exhibits illustrative of the conditions and 
 necessities of man considered as a member of organized society and 
 government, together with displays showing the agencies or means 
 employed for his well being. As far as possible, operating examples will 
 be given. Child welfare, and the work of organizations such as boy scouts, 
 campfire girls, etc., charities, corrections, criminology, urban problems, 
 p)ark systems, public buildings, street improvements, method of dis- 
 posing of sewage, etc., will receive exhaustive treatment by exhibits. Such 
 matters as finance in its relation to the public welfare and in connection 
 with such agencies as banks and provident associations, modern credit 
 associations, etc., Avill be illustrated. All matters pertaining to commerce 
 in the way of distribution of goods, business standards and systems; all 
 labor problems involving working conditions and standards, welfare and 
 efficiency, and including domestic science and woman's vocations, will 
 be exhaustively studied and compared by exhibits. The latest discoveries 
 in hygiene, methods of missionary work, international and universal peace 
 institutions, diplomatic and consular systems — all these will receive a 
 broad and sympathetic treatment by exhibitional studies. 
 
 Palace of Libera! Arts. Liberal Arts rank high in the classification of 
 exhibits because they embrace the applied sciences which indicate the 
 result of man's education and culture, illustrate his tastes and demonstrate 
 his inventive genius and scientific attainment and express his artistic 
 nature. This splendid palace is directly opposite the main entrance to the 
 Exposition grounds from the city side and is approximately 585 feet long, 
 470 feet wide and 65 feet high and covers nearly six acres. 
 
 Palaces of Manufactures and Varied Industries. The department of a 
 universal Exposition which has the combined interest of all nations is 
 the exhibition of finished products of manufacture and manual skill, the 
 objects of utility, luxury and taste in which each country excels and 
 
 Soulh Facade Education, May 1,5, 1914 
 
 Mines and Melallurcy, May 15, 1914 
 
■'V7-''"<'""T'f/J'.^ 
 
 - »r ^y: ., gj.:- j-^ 
 
 ^ I PACIFIC s Y 
 
 /^ ■ ' INTERrjATWNAl^ ' [" 
 
 . ' '- EXPOSITION V 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO t^g" 
 
 Palace of Machinery 
 
 May 15. 1914 
 
 Palace of Horticullure 
 
 which constitute the most valuable and profitable part of foreign trade. 
 The various nations will show with honest pride and satisfaction their 
 artistic products. The art industries of the world will be brilliantly 
 displayed in the Palaces of Manufactures and Varied Industries. 
 
 Palace of Transportation. The exhibits in this palace will be made, as 
 far as possible, contemporaneous, not historical. There will be displayed 
 the very latest achievements of human ingenuity covering the entire field 
 of transportation. On account of the great development of the motor 
 boat industry and aerial navigation these two groups will be thoroughly 
 represented, both in indoor and outdoor exhibits. In this palace will 
 be shown the exhibits of all the great steamship companies, the water 
 transportation of all countries, their navigation and commerce, charac- 
 teristic boats and ships of all nations. Sail and steam yachts will 
 be generally shown by models. Electric exhibits will show the latest 
 application of electricity to the agency of transportation. A locomotive 
 exhibit will illustrate the latest types. Car exhibits will show the modern 
 development of street car equipment, and there will be a complete showing 
 of railway supplies, including all the new inventions and appliances for the 
 protection of life and property in this connection. 
 
 Palace of Agricnltnre. The section of this Exposition devoted to the 
 interests of agriculture will embrace an area of more than forty acres. 
 The Palace of Agriculture, proper, will cover seven and one-half acres. 
 The exhibits will deal with every possible phase of the agricultural 
 industry. A very important group will be devoted to farm implements 
 and machinery. No less than seven distinct classes will be required. In 
 this department also will be shown all that pertains to forestry and 
 forest products. 
 
 Palace of Agriculture (food products). Under this same department, 
 although in a separate palace, the multiform exhibits governing the food 
 products of the entire world will be grouped. Vegetable and animal food 
 products and the equipment and methods employed in the preparation of 
 foods and beverages will be extensively shown. 
 
 Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. The exhibits in this palace deal 
 with the natural mineral resources of the world, their exploration and 
 
 Palace of \^aried Industries. May 15. 1914 
 
T>\>JA>\A ( 
 PACIFIi. 
 
 rNTERN \TIONAL 
 F.XPOSITION '< 
 
 jbiK: 
 
 erry Slip. Exposilion Grounds 
 
 exploitation, their conversion into metal, their manufacture into structural 
 forms and into raw material for the various industries. They take in the 
 ordinary metallics such as gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron, aluminum, 
 etc.; the rare metallics such as tungsten, vanadium, uranium, radium, 
 platinum, etc.; the non-metallics, such as clay, cement and their products; 
 coal, oil and gas: the salines, fertilizers, etc. The object of the Mines 
 and Metallurgy exhibit is two-fold: first, to draw attention to the natural 
 mineral resources of each country, state or community so that the public 
 may learn of the mode of occurrence of the metals of commerce and 
 their distribution, of the stage of development of the various districts, 
 of present sources of supply and consumption and of possible future 
 sources of supply and of extended markets; second, to educate the public 
 in a general way regarding the details of the industry, its problems and 
 its needs. 
 
 Live Stock Exhibit. In keeping with the general plan of the Exposition 
 the Department of Live Stock will be presented in a better manner 
 than has heretofore characterized such exhibitions. Competitions for the 
 $175,000 in prize money appropriated by the Exposition, and for the 
 supplemental premiums offered by the breeders' associations will take 
 place in the months of October and November. In addition to this there 
 v/ill be a continuous live stock display in 1915 from February 20th to 
 December 4th. In housing, classification and arrangements of the exhibits, 
 the Department of Live Stock at San Francisco will demonstrate the 
 advancement that has been made since the last world exposition. Special 
 events will include universal polo, international cavalry contests, two 
 harness horse racing meets, and the carrying on of a series of demonstra- 
 tions which will teach everything that is new in this important industry. 
 
 The Exposition Auditorium. Designed by Messrs. John Galen Howard, 
 Frederick H. Me^/er and John Reid, Jr. The Exposition Auditorium will 
 be a four-story construction of steel and stone and will grace the Civic 
 Center of San Francisco. It will be a lasting and beautiful monument 
 to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The Exposition manage- 
 ment is paying over one million dollars for its erection and the City and 
 County of San Francisco is paying nearly a million dollars for the site. 
 
 P;iIaC(- of Hnrliculture 
 
 May 25, 1914 
 
 Vestibule, P.^lace of Macl\inery 
 
|i CELEBRATING 
 
 THE 
 
 OPENING 
 
 Ot THE 
 
 Renio\ inj] ond Transplanline Large Palms on Expo^ilion Grounds 
 
 The main auditorium of this building will accommodate twelve thousand 
 persons. 
 
 Festival Hall. Designed by Robert Farquhar of Los Angeles. This 
 will be the scene of many of the great festivals and choral competitions 
 entered into by the various singing organizations of the world. Festival 
 Hall is built in the French theatre style of architecture with one large 
 dome and various minor domes and minarets, profusely decorated with 
 statuary. The main hall will contain seats for about three thousand 
 persons, and here will be placed a huge pipe organ which is seventh in 
 size in the world. 
 
 The California Building. Designed by Thos. H. F. Burditte. This build- 
 ing will be in the old Mission style and will cover approximately 350 feet 
 by 675 feet. In form it will consist of a towered main building, two 
 stories in height and surrounded by an immense court. Its construction 
 and furnishings will represent an outlay of considerably over half a million 
 dollars. This will be the "Host Building" of the Exposition. It will 
 contain the displays of the fifty-eight counties of California. This building 
 with its walled-in court and park will cover about seven acres. The 
 Woman's Board, an auxiliary of the Exposition, has assumed the responsi- 
 bility of furnishing and maintenance, and will have entire charge of its 
 social administration. 
 
 Main Tower or "Tower of Jewels." Designed by Messrs. Carrere & 
 Hastings of New York. This tower will rise to a height of 433 feet and, 
 from an architectural standpoint, will be the dominating feature of the 
 Exposition. This will be the center of a brilliant night illumination, the 
 outline of the tower being defined by over one hundred thousand hand-cut 
 glass "jewels" or prisms, hung tremulously, the least atmospheric disturb- 
 ance causing them to flash and change and scintillate in a thousand 
 different tints and colors. 
 
 The Court of the Universe. Designed by Messrs. McKim, Mead and 
 White of New York. This is the great central court or court of honor of 
 the Exposition, and in design and decoration it is made to represent the 
 meeting place of the hemispheres. It will be 700 feet long and 900 feet 
 wide, and will contain a sunken garden in the center. At the northern 
 
 Dedicating California Building 
 
 Autos ^^'aiting for the Cro^^ds 
 
I'ACIFIi.' 
 INTKKNATIDNAL 
 f.XPOSJTIilN 
 
 Main Porlal, Varied Industries 
 
 Minor Porlal, \ aried Industries 
 
 end between the Palaces of Agriculture and Transportation will be a 
 great pool of water embellished with statuary and fountains. 
 
 The Court of Abundance. Designed by Louis C. Mullgardt. This is 
 the east central court of the Exposition and in design will show the 
 Oriental phase of the Spanish-Moorish type. This court will be dedicated 
 to music, dancing, acting and pageantry. 
 
 The Court of the Four Seasons. Designed by Henry Bacon of New 
 York. This is the west central court and one of the most beautiful 
 sections of the Exposition. It is said that Hadrian's Villa, one of the 
 historic Roman palaces, is the inspiration for this court. It will be 
 surrounded by a beautiful colonnade, in each of the four corners of which 
 will be niches containing statuary representing the four seasons. 
 
 The Court of Palms. Designed by George W. Kelham of San Francisco. 
 This is one of the two minor courts of the Exposition. Its entrance is 
 from the great South Garden between two towers, each rising to a height 
 of 200 feet and favoring in architecture the period of the Italian Renais- 
 sance. This court will contain a showing of rare and beautiful palms. 
 
 The Court of Flowers. Designed by George W. Kelham of San Fran- 
 cisco. This is the second of the minor courts, also having its entrance from 
 the great South Garden between two Italian towers almost the exact 
 duplicate of those at the entrance to the Court of Palms. While being the 
 smallest of the Exposition courts it will be nevertheless as beautiful as 
 the others and, as the name denotes, will be a paradise of vari-colored 
 flowers. 
 
 The Amusement or Concessions District. "The Zone," the main amuse- 
 ment street, is 3000 feet in length and runs through the center of this 
 district. Si.xty-five acres is devoted to the amusement features of the Expo- 
 sition. This section will be open from nine-thirty a. m. until eleven o'clock 
 p. m. When this division of the Exposition is opened it will represent 
 an outlay of over ten million dollars. Rigid selection has governed the 
 granting of all of the concessions. Every one admitted has satisfied a high 
 standard of propriety, good taste, and educational value, as well as 
 effective fun-making and entertainment. 
 
 California Buildinf, Which Will Contain the Disolays of Its Fifty-eipht CotmLies 
 
 
 .~?^ 
 
 
1 CEltBRATING 
 
 „ I THE 
 
 ^'B ' OF THE 
 
 Inside [he Courl, California Biiildmi;! 
 
 On (he Steps of Ihe Ser\'ice Building 
 
 Sidtiiary. Over 250 distinct groups and hundreds of individual pieces 
 of statuary will be shown at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. 
 These comprise among others the following groups and subjects: "Nations 
 of the East," "Nations of the West," "The Colossal Column of Progress," 
 "Spring," "Summer," "Autumn," "Winter," "Fountain of Energy," "Foun- 
 tain of Youth," "The Fountains of the Rising and Setting Sun," "Fire," 
 "Water," "Earth" and "Air," "Order and Chaos" and "Eternity and 
 Change," "Modern Civilization," "Armored Horseman," "Philosopher," 
 "Adventurer," "Priest," "Soldier," "P'ountain of Eldorado," "Nature," 
 "Ceres," "Beauty and the Beast," "End of the Trail," "The Pioneer," 
 "Cortez," "Pizarro," "The Miner," "The Pirate," "Primitive Man," 
 "Primitive Woman," "Steam," "Electric Power." Besides these figures 
 and groups are many beautiful friezes, spandrels, capitals, niches and 
 columns decorated with allegorical subjects. This array will combine to 
 make statuary at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition one of the 
 leading and most interesting features. 
 
 Progress. The progress of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition 
 is unparalleled in the history of expositions and is a forecast of the 
 magnificence and comprehensiveness of the Exposition upon its opening 
 day, February 20 of 1915. The progress of the construction work is 
 visible to every visitor to the grounds. The eight main exhibit palaces 
 — Manufactures, Education and Social Economy, Mines and Metallurgy, 
 Varied Industries, Transportation, Liberal Arts, Agriculture, and Food 
 Products — are practically completed and are ready for exhibits. The 
 Palace of Machinery is ready. The steel work on the Palace of Fine 
 Arts has been finished and the frame work for the rotunda is being 
 placed. The Palace of Horticulture with its immense glass dome — 152 
 feet in diameter and 180 feet high — has also been completed and the 
 magnificent floral displays of the world are being planted therein. The 
 steel Tower of Jewels, 433 feet high, is being constructed and will soon 
 be finished. Three handsome fire stations are ready and automobile 
 equipment has been installed in the central station. The million dollar 
 
 L'niled States Fleet Steaming through the Golden Gate, Opposite Exposition Site 
 
S^-LIf^ZZj!t/JjJ&f*j£rjL^>^^^. 
 
 PACIFIC 
 [NTfiH NATIONAL 
 
 ZX POSITION 
 SAN rUANClSCti 
 
 ^ )\J 
 
 North Entrance, Pahice of Machinery 
 
 Exposition Auditorium is nearing completion. The 4,000,000 square feet o£ 
 road are being rapidly packed into smoothness and covered with resilient 
 red rock which will be easy on the feet and will eliminate the glitter 
 which tires the eyes. Hundreds of trees have been transplanted into 
 their permanent places along the drives and in the gardens. More than 
 ten thousand quick growing vines are spreading their tendrils along the 
 walls of the buildings and the fence enclosing the Exposition, and millions 
 of blossoming flowers have been planted in the gardens and courts. 
 Hundreds of beautiful pieces of sculpture have been finished and placed 
 in position and the immense canvases of the celebrated mural artists are 
 ready to be placed. The concession area is being rapidly built up and is 
 assuming the form of a great pleasure city. To date thirty-six foreign 
 nations have accepted the invitation of the United States Government to 
 participate and many of these have already commenced construction of 
 their pavilions. Up to date forty-four States and Territories have either 
 made provision for participation or are now actively engaged in doing 
 so. From present indications practically every State will be represented 
 and many of these are completing their magnificent buildings. The United 
 States Government has appropriated $500,000 for the national exhibits at 
 the Exposition and a bill is now before Congress with the recommenda- 
 tion of the President that $500,000 more be appropriated to erect a 
 building in which to house them. Two hundred and twenty-six con- 
 gresses and conventions have already chosen San Francisco as their 
 meeting place in 1915. Applications have been received for space for 
 many thousands of exhibits in the various exhibit palaces. 
 
 "We'll be ready, February 20, 1915," declared President Charles C. 
 Moore of the Exposition two years ago, and that promise still holds good, 
 backed by the good management of the Exposition directorate and the 
 tireless energy of the builders of the mammoth celebration. 
 
 North End Court of the Universe \ 
 
 
 Ground Plan of the Pananui-Paciiic International Exposilioi 
 
 133 
 
 
 Bvna 
 
 pD 
 
 / ^ ,, MAII-J EXHIBIT PALACES_ 
 
OF THE 
 
 XPOSITION 
 
 
 <>^*' 
 
 
 I'V 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 ,-, * • -^. *^ ^K&^^it'^/if ^i "v-fe^ t/ft*'^'^ '-^'^'^ 
 
 "Arch of the Risins Sun" ;il Hie F.;islci-u T'.nlraiuc lo 
 ll." "CourL oT the l'iliv(r:,c.' 
 
 -J&IiCt , /«a^-<*4U 
 
Put ui the Gitat ( cnlial Couit, the "Court ol 
 the Universe." 
 
 Palace of Fine Arts and Glimpse of Lagouu Sliii-icd 
 Ijy Western ]_)rivc\\'ay. 
 
AIniil 'I'()V,lT, i>v "Tuwri- Ml Jrwcls," iiLsiiiK' til ; 
 Height of -i:i:! I'ecL, Sludili'il Willi 12:., DIM) "Jewels." 
 
* >, ^ — ^«*^ 
 
 
 Perspective of the Main Exhibit Palacel 
 site, in its combination of scenic beauty andl 
 in the world. It is a natural amphitheatre cJ! 
 hills, flanked by the wooded heights and fo 
 wonderful, blue, island-studded Bay of San 
 famous "Golden Gate." The Exposition CI 
 ized dream of the best architectural genius I 
 artists can do in color, all that modern sci| 
 skilled gardeners and the California climate 
 live in the memory of beholders as long as me 
 

 
 
 C4 
 
 «;, looking towards San Francisco Bay. The 
 /practical advantages, is probably unequaled 
 v'ering 635 acres, backed by residence-covered 
 ortifications of the Presidio, fronting on the 
 
 Francisco, just inside the portals of the 
 iy which covers these 635 acres is the real- 
 
 f America, supplemented by all that famous 
 fnce can do in lighting effects and all that 
 
 can do in flowers and trees. Its beauty v/ill 
 ;mory itself endures. 
 
To^^■er and Great Cascade in the Form 
 
 of a Staircase, in the "Court of 
 
 Abundance," the East Central 
 
 Court of llie Exposition. 
 
Looking South in tlie "Court of Palms," 
 
 Showing the Facade and Tower of tlic 
 
 Palace of Education, the Palace of 
 
 Horticulture in the Background. 
 
Jifl^fiiM/fiiljilw,' 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^^'pCrS 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 The Palace ol' Horticulture, Built Almost Entirely of 
 Glass, and Covering Over Five Acres. 
 
 One of the most attractive and beautiful features of this Exposition will be the electrical illum- 
 ination. Uy a system of flood lighting, a soft light will pervade the Courts at night, revealing 
 the facades of the Palaces and the natural colors of the flowers. Concealed batteries of powerful 
 projectors will cause tens of thousands of specially prepared glass "jewels," hung tremulous 
 ii]ion the towers, to flash like great diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. And searchlights of 
 great power will "weave in the night sky auroras of ever-changing color. 
 
 :)f llu^ Four Xiclies in llic "Court of the Four 
 Seasons," (he West Centriil Court. 
 
xpo6iiionLiti| 
 
 "And in that black, deserted zone 
 They built a city, stone on stone; 
 A city that, on history's page. 
 Is crowned the marvel of its age." 
 
 AN FRANCISCO— "The City Loved Around the World"— is 
 at once representatively Western and the most cosmopoli- 
 tan city in the world. The forty-niner crossing the plains 
 by ox team walked its unpaved streets and the Spanish 
 Padres conquering the burning deserts to the south estab- 
 lished a mission and dreamed their dreams of con- 
 quest, campaigning from this point. Here, in an early 
 
 day, from around 
 ocean, with snow-white sails all set, 
 the peoples and products of other 
 bay. These early settlers brought 
 devotion that, as the years rolled 
 character of a city that was in 
 
 San Francisco is typically 
 metropolitan development its 
 broadness of mind and pur 
 phere and happy hospitality 
 "Rugged West." 
 
 On a parallel of latitude 
 Louis and ten miles north 
 tered by mountains on the 
 brilliant California sunshine 
 San Francisco rightly boasts 
 
 The Union Ferry Depot 
 
 the Horn and across an unknown 
 swung through the Golden Gate 
 lands to anchor in the spacious 
 with them energy, courage and 
 by, has become imbedded in the 
 its very origin cosmopolitan. 
 Western, in that through all its 
 citizens have m^aintained that 
 pose, that care-free atmos- 
 so often met with in the 
 
 about fifty miles south of St. 
 of Richmond, Virginia, shel- 
 north and east, with the 
 tempered by cooling winds, 
 \ of her invigorating climate. 
 
 Entrance to San Francisco 
 
 
Affiliated CoUeees. Sun Francisco 
 
 Seal Rocks. San Francisco 
 
 Beginning in April and continuing until October the gentle trade winds 
 blow over San Francisco. Coming directly from the ocean, these breezes 
 carry with them the salt tang of the sea and are healthful and exhilarating. 
 
 The annual mean temperature of San Francisco is 56 degrees Fahren- 
 heit. September is the v/armest and January the coldest month. The 
 mean temperature of September is 59.1 degrees and of January 49.2. In 
 the last twenty years there have been only twenty-seven days during 
 which the temperature exceeded 90 degrees, and in the same period it 
 has not fallen below 32 degrees, the freezing point. The differences 
 between day and night temperatures are small. The warmest hour, 
 2 p. M., has a mean temperature of 59.2, and the coolest hour, 6 a. m., 
 has a mean temperature of 50.9 degrees. Such a climate admits of 
 comfort to all who attend the Exposition. 
 
 To walk the long esplanade on the bay shore, the blood quickened by 
 strengthening ocean airs, to rest in the balmy sunshine of the sheltered 
 courts, to traverse the miles upon miles of enchanting aisles in the exhibit 
 palaces in perfect physical comfort, will be one of the cherished experi- 
 ences of a visit to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. Those 
 who come from tropic climes and from the heated sections of our own 
 country should bring with them warm wraps. 
 
 Located in the center of the long coast strip, with an adequate rainfall 
 and a large area of tributary territory, San Francisco maintains a confident 
 and conservative attitude toward future growth and commercial impor- 
 tance. This feeling is reflected in the marvelous production of the 
 Exposition at an initial cost to city and state of seventeen and a half 
 millions of dollars, and that within half a decade after the recuperation 
 from the great fire. It is most remarkable that a city that has spent in 
 eight short years $375,000,000 in its renaissance — a sum equal to the 
 
 Alonn the Ocean Beach. San Francisco 
 
 Y ** *^ ' 
 
 
Du(c\W,nclnulL 
 
 Japanese |.'a*£lardenj 
 
 P 
 
 PorlJsofilu^I-',-.,s{ 
 
 ^I VTuseurn j 
 
 ... GOLDEN GVTf: 
 
 ^tsl 
 
 E>i_ir/Vloe& I 
 
 (Bonser\'a.TOr.y I 
 
E>JOSlTiaS 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 <:: ^^ii I 
 
 
 Naval Training Slalion. Goat Island 
 
 Along the Water Front, San Francisco f^ 
 
 cost of the Panama Canal — should also build the largest, most beautiful, 
 and, what promises to be the most successful, of world expositions. 
 
 San Francisco is a wealthy city. Her bank clearings for 1912 were 
 $2,677,561,952, an amount almost equaling the combined clearings of the 
 five next larger cities of the Coast, which were $2,690,516,590 for the 
 same period. The assessed valuation for 1912 was $605,141,664. The 
 assessed valuation per capita was $1,308.24, making this the wealthiest 
 city on the Pacific Coast and the fifth wealthiest in the country. 
 
 In beauty of location and natural attractions San Francisco stands 
 supreme among American cities. Situated upon the point of a peninsula, 
 surrounded on three sides by ocean and bay, builded upon irregularly 
 rising hills, with magnificent mountain and marine views on every hand, 
 set in an infinity of earth, sea and sky, San Francisco charms the imagina- 
 tion and appeals to the soul. 
 
 Momentarily leaving the Exposition itself out of the question, the 
 visitor in 1915 will find a world of interest and information in San Fran- 
 cisco that can not be duplicated elsewhere : the sylvan charm of Golden 
 Gate Park with its Japanese tea gardens, buffalo and elk paddocks, 
 museum, wonderful walks and drives, and beautiful gardens containing the 
 products of two zones; a visit to the Cliff House and Seal Rocks; Sutro 
 Heights; an automobile drive around the famous Ocean Boulevard or to 
 one of the many beauty spots down the peninsula ; a study of reconstructed 
 San Francisco, with its Golden Gate, its splendid harbor, ocean frontage, 
 wharves and shipping, parks, markets, military reservations, old Mission, 
 public buildings, historic points and near-by resorts — the trip most inter- 
 esting to the tourist is that through Chinatown, visiting the joss houses, 
 the Chinese theaters, bazaars, curio stores, restaurants, markets, etc. — 
 a visit to the Presidio, a sunny afternoon on Fisherman's Wharf or a 
 lounge in one of the many beautiful parked squares that are found at 
 
 Kearny and Market Streets. San Franci.sco 
 
 m^M 
 
 Land's End. Outside Gulden Gate 
 
 -'"^'Hf*: 
 
BU5LNL5S SECIIO/\SMFRMC1SCO 
 
 Market Street at Po^\ell Street 
 
 San rRANCiSCO 
 
 r^ai^Kel Street at Post Street 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
Fisherman's Wharf. San Francisco 
 
 convenient intervals and serve as breathing places in the midst of the 
 city's business and bustle; in the constant stir of cafe and hotel forming 
 the city's night life — anywhere, everywhere, he will be impressed and 
 thrilled with a feeling that here on the farthest shores of earth's greatest 
 ocean the world is taking a holiday and he is part of it. 
 
 With San Francisco as the center a week or more can be well spent and 
 at small cost in visiting the cities of Oakland, Alameda and Berkeley, a 
 twenty-minute ride across the bay, and such near-by points of interest 
 as Stanford University, the University of California at Berkeley, the 
 Mare Island Navy Yard, Mill Valley, Mt. Tamalpais, the Muir Redwoods, 
 Piedmont Springs, etc. The following are a few of the points of interest 
 that can be reached from San Francisco, with the round trip fare in 
 each case : 
 
 Oakland and Lake Merritt $0.20 
 
 Idora Park, Oakland 20 
 
 Piedmont Springs, Oakland 20 
 
 University of California at Berkeley 20 
 
 Sausalito, bv steamer 25 
 
 Mill Valley 40 
 
 San Rafael 50 
 
 Steamer trip around San Francisco Bay 1.00 
 
 Mare Island (the United States Navy Yard), by steamer 1.00 
 
 The "Portola Discovery Trip" on the Ocean Shore Railroad, leaving 
 
 San Francisco at 10 a. m. and returning at 5 :15 p. m 1.00 
 
 Palo Alto for Stanford University, Sunday excursion, $1.05; two-day 
 
 excursion 1.30 
 
 Trip to the base of Mount Diablo by ferry and electric railway. 
 Round trip from San Francisco, week days, $2.10; Saturdays and 
 
 Sundays 1.40 
 
 Mt. Tamalpais, over "the crookedest railroad in the world," and 
 where a magnificent view can be had of the Pacific Ocean, of San 
 Francisco Bay with its surrounding hills and mountains and of 
 twenty-five cities 1.90 
 
 Panorama of the Ne\\- San Francisco 
 
Curbstone \'endors, Chinatown 
 
 Dragon Procession. Chinatown 
 
 The Muir Woods via Mt. Tamalpais Railway (a grove of virgin 
 Redwoods, some nearly 300 teet high, and within two hours' ride 
 from San Francisco) 1.90 
 
 The Mt. Tamalpais and IVIuir Woods trips can be combined in a day's 
 
 outing for a round trip fare of 2.90 
 
 The "Key-Trolley Trip," leaving San Francisco at 10 a. m. and 
 1 p. M., returning at 4:50 p. m.^ gives one sixty-eight miles of 
 sight-seeing, visiting the University of California, the Greek 
 Theater, the cities of Berkeley, Alameda, and Oakland, Piedmont 
 Gardens and Springs and the Ostrich Farm. Fare for the round 
 trip, including guide and admission to attractions 1.00 
 
 In the matter of public entertainment San Francisco can feel proud. 
 She is second only to New York in the number and quality of her hotel 
 accommodations. At present there are over 2000 hotels and apartment 
 houses in San Francisco. This number is supplemented by the many 
 up-to-date hostelries of the trans-bay cities of Oakland, Berkeley and 
 Alameda. Very reasonable rates are in force and the hotel association 
 has assured the Exposition officials that these rates will prevail during 
 the Exposition period. Rooms occupied by one person may be obtained 
 in San Francisco by the day from $1.00 up. Rooms with bath, $1.50 up. 
 San Francisco is noted for the number and variety of her restaurants, 
 where substantial meals can be obtained from 25 cents to $1.00. It is 
 generally conceded that, quality for quality, the San Francisco restaurant 
 prices are from 20 per cent to 40 per cent below those of New York City. 
 The visitor to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition can be assured 
 of the fact that he will not be overcharged by the hotels and restaurants. 
 He will find that San Francisco is a city of hospitality and entertainment, 
 and that its citizens are imbued with a desire to extend the right hand 
 of fellowship and good will to the stranger within her gates in 1915. 
 
 Looking Towards the Bay of San Francisco 
 
Cliir\atowrv >. 
 
 SAN FRArjCI5CO ._ ;- " 
 
.aiiiornia 
 
 tie 1 los 
 
 ]AKE the sunniest parts of sunny Italy and Spain and 
 the South of France with their wealth of vineyards and 
 orchards; take the rugged mountain scenery of Switzerland 
 and blend with it the verdure-clad hills of bonnie Scotland 
 and the meadows and moors of rural England; place here 
 and there the more beautiful bits of the French and Italian 
 Rivieras with their wooded slopes and silvery beaches, 
 joyous crowds, and gay life; bound this collection on one side by the 
 earth's longest mountain range and on the other by the largest ocean, 
 and cover with a canopy of turquoise blue sky and brilliant sunshine 
 and you have a picture that yet falls short of — California the Golden. 
 The name "California" is surrounded by the glamor and poetry of 
 adventurous and romantic times — the advent of the Spanish don and 
 conquistador, and their far from gentle acts, followed by the meek and 
 loving mission of the good Father Serra, who, between the years 1769 and 
 1776, traveled over the hot sands, back and forth, for thousands of 
 miles, and founded upwards of fifteen missions, establishing a practical 
 Christianity which taught "Peace on earth, good will to all men." 
 
 The periods of the Spanish conquerors and the Christian conquest 
 were followed, in 1848, by the wild stampede of the immigrants on the 
 discovery of gold. This era has been made famous by the pens of 
 Bret Harte, Mark Twain, and Joaquin Miller. 
 
 But the romantic of yesterday has given place to the practical of today. 
 As the tourist rolls along over the beautifully smooth state highways 
 in his high-powered car, he will only be reminded of past glories by an 
 occasional glimpse of one of Father Serra's missions, which today, 
 perchance, boasts a caretaker in place of a picturesque prior. 
 
RHATiOHAJ. _ ■ 
 EXPoaiTItW 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 /f ' INIEI 
 
 .i^sA,^ 
 
 Donner Lake 
 
 Ostrich Tree, Seventeen-Mile Drive 
 
 From majestic Mount Shasta in the north to her sister, the picturesque 
 Mount San Bernardino in the south — from the High Sierras to the 
 shining sea — California abounds in scenery and opportunities wonderfully 
 attractive to the tourist, the home-seeker, and the investor. 
 
 The climate of California is only one of her assets, but a very important 
 one. To the salubrity of the climate can be attributed the virility and 
 versatility of her native and adopted sons and daughters — writers, artists, 
 sculptors, engineers, architects, scholars — who have brought fame to 
 themselves and their beloved state in all parts of the earth, by reason 
 of the out-of-doors-all-the-year-round climate that at all times enables 
 one to sleep and eat with perfect enjoyment and work with rare diligence 
 and a healthy ambition. 
 
 California has a land area of 155,980 square miles and a population 
 of only about 2,500,000. With a temperate climate in the northern 
 counties and almost tropical conditions in the south, she can boast 
 of a diversity of products not equaled in any other part of the earth. 
 She excels in dairying, cattle, and wheat growing, agriculture, horticulture, 
 and viticulture. One county produces more raisins than the whole of 
 Spain; one, more artichokes than the south of France; while yet another 
 county produces more French prunes than the mother country, and the 
 orange and lemon crop of California is greater than that of Europe. 
 Everything produced in the Torrid or Temperate zones is grown — and 
 grown to perfection — in California. The products of all the other states 
 in the Union are duplicated here, together with many others, not grown 
 elsewhere, but peculiar to the rich soil and kindly climate of California. 
 
 The mineral output of the state is another big asset. In fifty-five out 
 of a total of fifty-eight counties minerals are found in paying quantities. 
 Over one billion and a half in gold has been mined since 1848. The 
 estimated mineral production for 1913 is one hundred million dollars. 
 
 Mililiir\ Camp \ ^bemlte ^loado^\ s 
 
 Mount Tallac, Lake Tahoe 
 
 m*. 
 
'"] 
 
PAWAMA ] 
 
 PACIFIC ' - 
 NTERNA N 1 
 EXPOS T O"* 
 
 \ SAN FRANClhCO v^ 
 
 Yacht Club House, Sausalito 
 
 1 amaipais ifom Mann s inures 
 
 Roughly speaking, California produces one-fourth of the world's output 
 of oil, based on a total production of, approximately, 350,000,000 barrels. 
 
 The visitor to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915, 
 however, will be interested in California's beautiful scenery, natural 
 attractions, and places of renown, as well as in her commercial activity. 
 Hence a short description of the principal places of interest. 
 
 The Missions. The missions of California are well worth a visit. They 
 are scattered at intervals along the "Camino Real," or "Royal Highway," 
 from San Diego to San Francisco. They are easy of access from the 
 main thoroughfare and, by their peaceful setting and interesting inscrip- 
 tions, invite the traveler to spend an hour or two "far from the madding 
 crowd's ignoble strife." For the most part they are in a good state of 
 preservation and vividly recall "the days before the Gringo came," when 
 the Spaniards ruled the land and the Indians were their servants. 
 
 It is very hard to determine which is the most interesting of the 
 missions. Dolores, in San Francisco, is the most important to the San 
 Franciscan, as it gave the name to his city. The Mission Dolores was 
 founded in 1776 and dedicated to San Francisco d'Assisi. It is very 
 well preserved. A string of bells still hangs suspended by the original 
 rawhide ropes. These are the bells that inspired Bret Harte to say : 
 
 Bells of the past, whose long-forgotten music 
 
 Still fills the wide expanse, 
 Tingeing the sober twilight of the present 
 
 With color of romance. 
 
 I hear you call, and see the sun descending 
 
 On rock, and wave and sand. 
 As down the Coast the mission voices blending 
 
 Girdle the heathen land. 
 
 Borne on the swell of your long waves receding, 
 
 I touch the farther Past, — 
 I see the dying glow of Spanish glory. 
 
 The sunset dream and last! 
 
 Oakland Sky Line from Beautiful Lake Mcriill 
 
il iSaixGatnel 
 
 XI) ol o 1^ e. i3- 
 
Miles of Artichokes 
 
 California, a Hunter's Paradise 
 
 Before me rise the dome-shaped mission towers, 
 
 The white Presidio; 
 The swart commander in his leathern jerkin. 
 
 The priest in stole of snow. 
 
 Once more I see Portola's cross uplifting 
 
 Above the setting sun; 
 And past the headland, northward, slowly drifting. 
 
 The freighted galleon. 
 
 Another very interesting mission is that of San Juan Bautista in the 
 San Juan Valley of San Benito County. San Juan is eight miles west 
 of Hollister, and about sixteen miles inland from the Bay of Monterey. 
 It was founded in 1797 and has maintained its beauty of surroundings 
 and sylvan seclusion through all the years. Of this mission the author 
 of "Ramona" says: 
 
 "At San Juan Bautista there lingers more of the atmosphere of the olden 
 time than is to be found in any other place in California. 
 
 "The mission church is well preserved; its grounds are enclosed and cared 
 for; in its gardens are still blooming roses and vines, in the shelter of palms, 
 and with the old stone sun dial to tell time. 
 
 "In the sacristy are oak chests, full of gorgeous vestments of brocades, with 
 silver and gold laces. The church fronts south, on a little, green, locust-walled 
 plaza — the sleepiest, sunniest, dreamiest place in the world." 
 
 Following is a list of the other important missions of California, 
 together with their location: 
 
 San Francisco Solano Mission at Sonoma, San Rafael Archangel Mission 
 at San Rafael, Santa Clara Mission at Santa Clara, Santa Cruz Mission at 
 Santa Cruz, San Carlos de Borromeo Mission at Monterey, San Carlos 
 de Rio Carmelo Mission at Monterey, Nuestra Senora de la Soledad 
 Mission at Soledad, San Antonio de Padua Mission at King City, San 
 Miguel Mission at San Miguel, San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Mission at 
 San Luis Obispo, Santa Ynez Mission at Santa Ynez, La Purisima Con- 
 cepcion Mission at Lompoc, Santa Barbara Mission at Santa Barbara, 
 San Buenaventura Mission at Ventura, San Fernando Rey de Espana 
 Mission at Fernando, San Gabriel Archangel Mission at Los Angeles, San 
 
 Polo Field— Golf and Polo Are Enjoyed the Year Around 
 
OaniadruzUlrove/i 
 
 BIS TKEES OF 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 VermorncU'Vau-ona fMA[?iP0SAi3 
 

 An Orange Orchard 
 
 A California Home 
 
 Antonio de Pala Mission at Fallbrook, San Juan Capistrano Mission at 
 Capistrano, San Luis Rey de Francia Mission at Oceanside, San Diego de 
 Alcala Mission at San Diego, Santa Ysabel Mission at Foster. 
 
 The Great Central Valley. Betv/een the two great mountain ranges 
 of California, the Sierra Nevada on the east and the Coast Range on the 
 west, lies the Great Central Valley, drained by the San Joaquin and the 
 Sacramento rivers. This valley extends from the Tehachapi Mountains 
 on the south to Mt. Shasta on the north, a distance of about 550 miles. 
 With nearly 20,000 square miles of comparatively level land, this is 
 both the granary of California and one of the great fruit and stock 
 producing regions of the world. The southern portion of the valley is 
 known as the San Joaquin Valley, while the northern part is called the 
 Sacramento Valley. Visitors to the state wishing to study agricultural 
 California should by all means visit points in the "great valley." Here 
 is the home not only of grains, alfalfa, celery, and asparagus, but of the 
 fig, the almond, the grape, the orange, the apricot, the olive, and other 
 tropical and subtropical fruits. 
 
 Among the Redwoods. A week could be very pleasantly spent among 
 the redwoods at numerous hotels, mineral springs, or farm resorts north 
 of San Francisco. On this line special summer rates will be granted in 
 1915. A most attractive one-day jaunt over this line is the "Triangle 
 Trip," taking one through 150 miles of mountain and redwood forest 
 scenery, with a boat ride on San Francisco Bay, and by rail along the 
 Russian River. Round-trip rate for the "Triangle Trip": Sundays, $2.20; 
 Fridays and Saturdays, $2.50; other week days, $2.80. Hotel accommo- 
 dations may be secured at these resorts at from $8.00 to $14.00 per week. 
 
 Calaveras Big Trees. A most interesting trip is that to the Calaveras 
 Big Trees, reached by rail from San Francisco via Stockton to Angels, 
 thence by stage twenty-two miles to the grove. This is the land of 
 Bret Harte and Mark Twain and of the placer mining of the days of '49. 
 
 A Typical Scene in Ihe Oil Fields o( California 
 
\'isla of Lake Tahoe 
 
 A Colilorniu Percola 
 
 The Sierra Road cuts through Table Mountain, recalling "Truthful James" 
 and the "Society upon the Stanislaus." The route follows the famous 
 Mother Lode, giving an opportunity to see something of deep quartz 
 mining. Among other trips that can be taken at small cost are those to 
 Mercer's Cave and to the Natural Bridge. Other side trips from this 
 region are those to Lake Eleanor and the Hetch Hetchy Valley. The 
 round trip fare from San Francisco to the Calaveras Big Trees is $14.60. 
 Hotel accommodations from $12.00 per week up. 
 
 Shasia Resorts. All reaching San Francisco or returning home by the 
 Shasta Route will find it well worth their while to stop over for a week 
 or more at any one of the resorts near Mt. Shasta. Excursions to Mt. 
 Shasta and to the numerous mineral springs, trips among the pines, 
 mountain climbing, hunting and fishing are among the attractions of the 
 Shasta region. Hotel accommodations from $12.00 per v/eek up. 
 
 Lake Tahoe. During the open season, from May 15 to October 15, a 
 week, or the entire vacation, for that matter, can be profitably spent at 
 Lake Tahoe resorts (elevation 6,240 feet). Lake Tahoe is twenty-three 
 miles long and thirteen miles wide. Those going to or returning from 
 San Francisco may stop over at Truckee and visit the Tahoe resorts at 
 but little extra expense for side-trip transportation. Stop-overs at 
 Truckee will be allowed on all through railway and Pullman tickets. A 
 round trip ticket from Truckee to the lake, around the lake by "Steamer 
 Tahoe," and return to Truckee will cost $6.00. On this ticket stop-overs 
 will also be allowed. Among Tahoe amusements are trout fishing in the 
 lake and numerous streams found round about, bathing, boating, driving, 
 and mountain climbing. Accommodations may be secured at the Tahoe 
 resorts at from $2.00 per day up. 
 
 Yosemite National Park. Those reaching San Francisco via the San 
 Joaquin Valley or with return tickets via the San Joaquin Valley can 
 
 Rubidou.x Cross and Mt. San Bernardino 
 
On the Campus L'nn erMly of Californit 
 
 Le Conle Oak 
 
 arrange to reach the Yosemite National Park from Merced, all tickets 
 permitting stop-over privileges at Merced. From Merced the round-trip 
 rate to the Park is $18.50. For those not routed via the San Joaquin 
 Valley, the round trip rate to the Yosemite National Park from San 
 Francisco will be $22.35 for those traveling on day trains, with $2.00 
 each way added for Pullman for those taking the night train. Camp 
 accommodations in the park can be secured at from $2.50 to $3.00 per 
 day; hotel rates from $3.50 to $5.00 per day. Tents for private camping 
 may be rented at reasonable rates. Trained saddle horses may be hired 
 in the park at from $2.50 to $4.00 per day. Many tourists in the park 
 take the trails on foot, thus eliminating the expense for saddle horses 
 as well as securing the enjoyment of mountain climbing. Twenty-six 
 miles from the park is the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees. This grove 
 can be reached by stage, the round trip costing $15.00. From El Portal, 
 the Merced Grove of Big Trees may be reached by stage at an expense 
 of not to exceed $7.50. 
 
 The Canyons. A pleasant week may be spent in the Sequoia National 
 Park east of Visalia, or in the neighboring canyons of the Kings and 
 Kern Rivers, which, with their higher surrounding mountains, offer attrac- 
 tions only equaled by the Yosemite. Those going to San Francisco or 
 returning via the San Joaquin Valley may stop over at Visalia or Exeter. 
 The round trip from there to Camp Sierra in the Giant Forest, where 
 are the greatest number of Big Trees in the world, is about $13.00, 
 including electric railway and stage ride. In the Giant Forest are more 
 than 3,000 Big Trees over 300 feet high, with many thousands more of 
 lesser size. The round trip from Visalia or Exeter, including a week's 
 accommodations at Camp Sierra, transportation, etc., would be about 
 $25.00. The rate at Camp Sierra for tent and board is $2.00 per day 
 or $50.00 per month. 
 
 3uy at Santa Cataiina Uland 
 
Cathedral Rock 
 
 Y OSCM I T E 
 
 "t~^t' i> 
 
^Ai^'C 
 
 CCLEBIIATINC 
 
 THE 
 
 OPENING 
 
 OF THE 
 
 L f '- 
 
 
 Main Gateway, Stanford University 
 
 Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton 
 
 Coast Resorts. A week anid as much longer as one wishes to remain 
 could be delightfully spent at Santa Cruz, Monterey, Del Monte, Pacific 
 Grove, Paso Robles Hot Springs, or El Pizmo Beach, resorts between 
 San Francisco and Los Angeles. Among the attractions at either Santa 
 Cruz or Pacific Grove are surf-bathing, boating, and fishing. Between 
 Pacific Grove and Monterey, one may journey by street car, take the 
 famous Seventeen-Mile Drive, visiting Carmel Mission, etc. On all railroad 
 tickets stop-overs will be allowed at Palo Alto to visit Stanford University 
 (one mile from Palo Alto), and at San Jose to inspect the orchards of 
 the Santa Clara Valley or to visit the Lick Observatory on Mount 
 Hamilton, 4209 feet elevation (round trip by stage, $5.00) Accommoda- 
 tions may be secured at the Coast resorts at from $12.00 per week up. 
 
 Santa Cruz Big Trees. The Santa Cruz Grove of Big Trees is seventy 
 miles south of San Francisco and six miles north of Santa Cruz. The 
 trees in this grove are known as Sequoia sempervirens or Redwood. 
 The "Giant," the largest tree in the grove, is 64 feet in circumference 
 and 306 feet high. The grove may be reached from Santa Cruz by 
 automobile or tally-ho or via the railroad. Nineteen miles from Felton 
 and twelve miles from Boulder Creek, is California Redwood Park, a 
 state park of 3,800 acres of natural forest. 
 
 The Santa Clara Valley. The orchards of the Santa Clara Valley may 
 be toured from San Jose by automobile or tally-ho. The entire western 
 section of the valley may be seen from the trolley cars. A forty- 
 mile ride over this line may be made between San Jose and 
 Palo Alto for 90 cents, while a journey over the entire line, return- 
 ing to starting point, may be taken on the Blossom Trolley Trips by 
 cars which leave San Jose, Los Gatos, and Palo Alto every day between 
 9:30 and 10:30 a. m. for $1.00. From Palo Alto cars run every ten 
 minutes to Stanford University. Alum Rock Canyon, the unique city 
 park of San Jose, may be reached by cars leaving the center of the city; 
 fare 10 cents each way. 
 
 Palm Canyon— "Arabia" in California 
 
Nevada Falls 
 
 View fr-om Moran I oirii 
 
 loseinite Tails 
 
 Y05EM1TEM10MLPARK 
 
 El ("f'/apH 
 
 pitai\ 
 
ELE;i3 RATING 
 THE \ 
 
 OPENDJC 
 OF THE 
 
 J — -^ s, vT^n^ "^ '" — — ^ 
 
 State Capitol, Sacriirnento 
 
 An Oakland Hillside Home 
 
 Santa Barbara. A week in Santa Barbara would give a most delightful 
 rest. A visit to the old mission, the beach, the many drives and trails, 
 will all prove of the greatest interest. Hotel accommodations from $12.00 
 per week up. 
 
 Los Angeles and Southern California. From Los Angeles many delight- 
 ful and inexpensive trips can be made to San Diego and other points of 
 interest throughout Southern California. The cost for room and meals 
 in Los Angeles, San Diego, Catalina, Santa Monica, Long Beach, Redondo, 
 and other nearby resorts will be about the same as in San Francisco. The 
 following are a few of the points of interest that may be reached from 
 Los Angeles, with the round trip rate in each case : 
 
 Pasadena and the Ostrich Farm $ .25 
 
 Santa Monica, Redondo Beach, Long Beach, Venice or San Pedro. . .50 
 
 "Seeing Los Angeles" by auto or observation car 50 
 
 Old Mission Trolley Trip, including Pasadena, Baldwin's Ranch, 
 
 Monrovia, San Gabriel Mission, and Alhambra 1.00 
 
 Balloon Route Trolley Trip, traveling thirty-six miles along the 
 
 ocean shore, visiting ten beaches and eight cities 1.00 
 
 Triangle Trolley Trip, visiting Santa Ana, Huntington Beach, Naples, 
 
 Long Beach, Point Fermin, and San Pedro 1.00 
 
 Mount Lowe Trolley Trip, through Pasadena and Rubio Canyon, 
 
 Echo Mountain and Alpine Tavern 2.50 
 
 Santa Catalina, the island resort, 60-day ticket, $2.75 ; ticket Saturday 
 
 and Sunday with return limit on Monday 2.50 
 
 The "Kite-Shaped Track" trip, the "Inside Track" trip, or the 
 
 "Orange Belt" trip 3.00 
 
 Feather River Canyon. Those reaching San Francisco and the Expo- 
 sition over this route will have an opportunity of seeing the rock-walled 
 canyons of the Feather River. In this section are many resorts, with 
 near-by streams well stocked with trout. The scenery is grand and beau- 
 tiful, and deer, bear and smaller game are plentiful. Hotel accommoda- 
 tions from $10.00 per week up. 
 
 Grec^k Theatre, Berkeley, Shr.w ing Part of .Audience of 8000 Persons 
 
 
SCENIC CALIFOH 
 
 w 
 
 -hjei Kivcr cit SliiJc 
 
 LevibElDowdii^EelKiver 
 
 f -l ihe JunipcroUakAVjiiiI'r.V lui 
 
 
Automobile Speedwaj'. Corona 
 
 Midway Point. Near Monterey 
 
 Auto mob iling. From San Francisco as a center the motorist in 1915 
 may reach all parts of the Coast over smooth, well constructed state and 
 county highways. The people of California have voted eighteen million 
 dollars to build two highways from north to south, one through the great 
 interior valley, the other along the coast. Much of the work has already 
 been done and the remainder, it is hoped, will be completed by 1915. 
 By order of the Secretary of the Interior, the ban against entering 
 Yosemite Valley with automobiles has been removed. The automobile 
 interests of the country are agitating the construction of a transcontinental 
 highway from the Atlantic to the Pacific. At the time this book goes to 
 press the success of this project is assured and the motorist in 1915 will 
 find a concrete road across the country, the western end of which touches 
 San Francisco. The Exposition, with the assistance of the automobile 
 clubs, is marking all the good roads leading into this highway with blue 
 and white embossed steel signs, so that the tourist from any part of the 
 country, by following these signs, will be directed into the transcontinental 
 road by the quickest and easiest route. 
 
 Hunting and Fishing. California has long been known as a Paradise 
 for the disciples of Nimrod and Izaak Walton. Its forested mountains 
 are the haunts of deer, bear, California lion, grouse, quail, and other 
 game, and its streams are full of fish. Lake and brook trout are abundant 
 in the mountain streams, and bass, salmon, and shad are the favorites in 
 the valley. Along the coast there is an infinite variety of sport, from 
 casting with ordinary rod and line to heroic struggles with gigantic tuna. 
 Millions of wild geese swarm the fields in the interior in fall and spring, 
 and the marshes and sheltered streams of the Great Valley are hunting 
 grounds for wild ducks. For those who prefer to hunt with the camera, 
 a trip to the Yosemite National Park, where the use of firearms is for- 
 bidden, and where deer may often be surprised, affords rare sport. Good 
 hunting or fishing grounds in the mountains may be reached by rail, 
 from San Francisco, with short trips by stage or on foot into the wilds. 
 
 Double Natural Bridge, Santa Cruz 
 
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