^ : - CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PA2363.N47""""'*''""'"-"'"^ Contributions to Latin iexicography. 3 1924 007" Si's' 044 CONTRIBUTIONS LATIN LEXICOGRAPHY NETTLESHIP HENRY FROWDE Oxford University Press Warehouse Amen Corner, E.C. CONTRIBUTIONS TO LATIN LEXICOGRAPHY HENRY NETTLESHIP, M.A. CORPUS PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1889 [Ail rights reserved \ Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924007818044 2Delrfcat£tr to JOHN EDWARD BICKERSTETH MAYOR PROFESSOR OF LATIN, AND FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. PREFACE. In 1875 the Delegates of the Oxford University Press proposed to me that I should undertake the compilation of a new Latin-English Lexicon, of something the same compass as the Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell and Scott. I acceded to the proposal in the expectation, for which I had at the time what appeared to be good grounds, that I should obtain adequate assistance in the work. My hopes were, however, disappointed. With the exception of some isolated contributions from friends, which will be mentioned in their place, I failed to get anything like the amount of steady co-operation which I had looked for, and without which it would have been madness to put my hand to such a task. By the summer of 1887 I had completed nearly all the letter A (a tenth part of the whole work), and had also written a number of articles and notes under the other letters. The Delegates of the Press then made a second proposal, that I should publish, in a volume of moderate size, such parts of my manuscript as appeared to me to contain additions to, or improvements upon, what may be found in the current Latin-English dictionaries. It is necessary to recapitulate these facts, in order to explain the fragmentary character of the present work. The volume contains about half of what I had written under the letter A, and most of my notes and articles under the other letters. In making the selection I have taken Lewis and Short's Dictionary as my basis ; and have published nothing which I do not, on full consideration, deem to be a necessary improvement upon that work. Either the arrangement of the instances and the general treatment of a word have been VIU PREFACE. altered ; or new views of its interpretation have been ad- vanced ; or references have been corrected ; or new in- stances, or new words, or new explanations, have been added ; or wrong readings and wrong explanations expunged. Throughout the whole of the letter A, and indeed in writing almost all the longer articles, I have systematic- ally had three dictionaries before me, De Vit's edition of Forcellini, Georges's German-Latin Hand-wbrterbuch (7th edition, 1879-1880), and the work of Lewis and Short. I have also, in some important articles, used the collections of instances in Georges^ and Miihlmann's half-finished Thesaurus Der Classischen Latinitdt (Leipzig, 1 854-1 868). Of these lexicons, De Vit's Forcellini is, as a rule, the fullest, and that of Georges the most critical. The latter, however, labours under one disadvantage. -^It omits a great number of special references, and cannot, therefore, be used to the exclusion of other dictionaries. I have also uniformly consulted a great number of indices and special lexicons ; as, for instance, Merguet's Lexicon to Cicero's Speeches, that of Gerber and Greef to Tacitus, Eichert's to Caesar^, PoUe's to the Metamorphoses of Ovid, Bonnell's to Quintilian, Dirksen's to the Digest, In- stitutes, and Codes of Theodosius and Justinian ; Dietsch's index to Sallust, Nohl's to Vitruvius, the Delphin indices to Lucretius and Vergil, and the indices to the ecclesiastical writers whose works have so far appeared in the new Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, besides those of several volumes of the Berlin Corpus Inscriptionum, and Wilmanns's Sylloge Inscriptionum. Among modern works directly dealing with Latin lexi- cography, I am specially indebted to the Itala und Vulgata and Das Neue Testament Tertullians of the late Dr. ' The first instalments of Georges's Lexicon Der Laieinischen Wortformen, and Wagener's new edition of Neue's Formenlehre, appeared while these sheets were going through the press. ^ I should, of course, have used Merguet's Lexicon to Caesar, but it ap- peared too late. As it is, I have on several occasions consulted it. PREFACE. ix Hermann Ronsch. as well as to his last pamphlet, Semasiolo- gische Beiirdge, presented by its author to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press. I also owe much to the collections of Dr. Carl von Paucker, to be found in the following monographs, namely, De Latinitate Scriptorum Historiae Augustae (Dorpat, 1870), Submdenda Lexicis Latinis (Petersburg, 187a), Kleine Beitrdge zur Lateinischen Lexi- cographic (Petersburg, 1873), Addenda Lexicis Latinis (Dorpat, 1872), Meletemata Lexistorica Altera (Dorpat, 1875), Meletematum Lexistoricorum Specimen (Dorpat, '^^l^,Ankang zu Beitrdge, etc. (Dorpat, 1875), Spicilegium Addendoriim Lexicis Latinis (Mitau, 1875). The great Latin Thesaurus, instalments of which are now being published in the Archiv fiir Laieijtische Lexicographie und Grammatik edited by Professor Edward Wolfflin, I have had constantly before me since its first appearance in 1884. I have, however, made no attempt to embody all, or any- thing like all, the matter which it contains. Had I done so, this volume must have been enlarged far beyond the proposed limits; nor, indeed, would there have been any advantage in merely repeating or abridging articles which, being written in Latin, are accessible to the scholars of every countiy, and which are projected on a scale large enough to exhaust well-nigh all the instances of every word which they treat. For special contributions, I am indebted to Mr. T. W. Jackson, Fellow of Worcester College, who furnished me with an excellent index to Terence ; to Mi*. A. C. Madan, Student of Christ Church, who did the same for Propertius and the first decade of Livy; to Mr. J. H. Onions, Student of Christ Church, who made an index to the second volume, and the first part of the sixth, of the Berlin Corpus Lnscrip- tionum, and who has given me other valuable assistance ; to Mr. Evelyn Abbott, Fellow of Balliol College, and to Mr. E. A. Whittuck, Fellow of Oriel College, who furnished me with notes on Plautus and on Gains respectively. These con- tributions, with the exception of Mr. A. C. Madan 's, extend X PREFACE. only to the letter A. Mr. W. M. Lindsay, Fellow of Jesus College ; Mr. J. T. A. Haines, Fellow of University College; Mr. E. C. Owen, Fellow of New College; and Mr. Sidney Hamilton, Fellow of Hertford College, also contributed work under the letter B, which would have proved serviceable, had any hope appeared of continuing and completing the lexicon. I have also quoted notes kindly communicated by Mr. F. Haverfield and Professor J. E. B. Mayor. The work of compilation, which, with the best will in the world, must form a large part of a lexico- grapher's task, I have endeavoured to supplement through- out, as far as possible, by constant reading in Latin literature. I have verified, and examined with regard to its context, every reference in the book, with the exception (i) of those under the letter A to Terence, Livy, Gaius, and the second and sixth volumes of the Corpus Inscriptionum, and (2) of those which are expressly cited on the authority of some other scholar. The arrangement of the meanings, and the general treatment of the words, are in all cases my own. The names of the authors referred to are given, under each head of interpretation, in chronological order ; an arrange- ment which, though obviously desirable and even necessary, I have found in none of the current Latin dictionaries, although, as might be expected, it is observed in the articles in Wolfflin's Archiv. I have inserted a great number of proper names, mainly from the Corpus Inscriptionum, and could, had space per- mitted, have given a great many more. Historical informa- tion about persons and places seems to me out of place in any but a classical dictionary {Reallexicon), and all such I have therefore rigidly excluded ; but the forms of proper names, which are only petrified nouns, may be of service to the etymologist, if only by indicating the extent to which a given language employed a particular base or root. If, as Mark Pattison said, ' the librarian who reads is lost,' so is the lexicographer who specializes. But I have PREFACE. xi thought it my duty to devote a great deal of time to the remains of ancient Latin scholarship which are preserved in the lexicographical works of Verrius Flaccus (or rather his epitomators), Nonius, Placidus, and Isidore, and in the com- mentaries of Servius, Aelius and Tiberius Donatus, Asconius and the Pseudo-Asconius, Placidus, Eugraphius, and the anonymous scholia to various authors. I have also worked a great deal at such of the ancient Latin glossaries as are in print, besides one or two in manuscript. These glos- saries, to the proper use and understanding of which Gustav Lowe has introduced us in his Prodromus Glossari- orum, clearly contain a substratum of very ancient and valuable work. The earliest pure Latin glossaries are probably based ultimately upon the collections of the first and second century A. D. A second stage is marked by the Latin-Greek and Greek-Latin glossaries, and the Idiomata Generum, or comparisons of Greek and Latin gender, taken from them. These are, in all probability, later than the transference of the seat of government to Constantinople. A third stage is that of the medieval glossaries, whether large collections of pure Latin glosses, or mixed compila- tions of pure Latin with Latin-Greekj Latin-German, and Hebrew-Latin. The great difficulties which at present beset many problems of Latin etymology have made me very cautious in advancing new theories of derivation. Latin etymology offers a number of perplexing questions peculiar to itself. The fact is easily accounted for by the consideration that Latin, as we know it, has no really old literature. It follows that the historical investigation of the derivation of Latin words has to start at a comparatively late period. Many of the most ordinary terms had been long fixed in their meaning before the date of the earliest literary docu- ments; and the steps by which that meaning has been developed cannot be traced. For the same reason, it is extremely difficult to trace the early history of the Latin vowel sounds and accents, and to explain the apparent xii PREFACE. anomalies often presented. Again, it is hard to dis- entangle the various dialectical elements of which literary- Latin, as we know it, is composed. I should also add that the labour which I have given to the general study of Latin literature, and to the collection, verification, and arrangement of instances, has been so great as to leave me but little time for keeping abreast with the advances in method made by the new school of comparative philo- logists, fully as I recognize the importance of those advances. When, therefore, I have started a new hypothesis in etymology^, I have based it, in most cases, largely upon considerations affecting the meaning and usage of the word. These are facts which, though they cannot be brought under such rigid laws as govern the changes of sound and accent, are still of very great importance ; though they are sometimes overlooked, even by the most careful investigators. I am well aware that this volume embodies no more than an insignificant fragment of the work which Latin lexicographers must go through before their task is com- pleted. I shall be satisfied, however, if I succeed in opening the eyes "of English scholars to the magnitude and importance of the subject. I shall be grateful to any reader who will offer tne either new suggestions of any kind, or corrections of errors ; for errors there must be in so large a mass of references, though I have conscientiously done my best to avoid them. My thanks are due to the editors and publishers of the Journal of Philology, for their permission to reprint the notes on Latin Lexicography which I have from time to time published in that periodical. HENRY NETTLESHIP. Oxford, January, 1889. ' As in the case of the following words : adminiculum, adulter, alea, amnis, aperio, arcesso, Argei, armenium, armilausia, as, assula, auctor II, augur, aura, baro, caerimonia, calvus, carina, camlla, coniveo, dierectus, honor, ianto, indigites, instar, invito, laquear, lustro, mundus, noxa, obessus, obnoxius, obscenus and obscurus, recens, supplicium. LIST OF AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED, AND EDITIONS GENERALLY REFERRED TO. Accius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Tragicorum Latinorum, both editions. Acron or Pseudo-Aoron. In Hauthal's edition of the Scholia to Horace. Acta Fratrvun Arvalium. Henzen. Aetna. Editions of Munro, and Baehrens in his Foetae Latini Minores. Afranius. In Ribbeck's Fragtnenta Comicorum Latinorum, both editions. A&icanus. See Scipio Aemiliauus. A&icanum Bellum. Scriftor Belli Africani in Oehler's Caesar: and Dinter's edition in the new Teubner series. Agroecius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 1. Aleimus Avitus. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 59. Alezandrinuxa Bellum. Scriptor Belli Alexandrini in Oehler's Caesar, and Dinter's edition in the new Teubner series. Ambrosius. In Migne's Fatrologia, vol. 15. Ammianus Marcellinus. Gardthausen, 1874. Ampelius. Wolfflin in Halm's Florus, 1863. Anecdota Helvetica. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 8. Anthimus. In Valentine Rose's Anecdota Graeca et Graeco-Latina, 1870. Anthologia Iiatina. Riese, 1869 ; Baehrens, in the fourth volume of his Foetae Latini Minores, 1882. Apicius. ScHUCH, 1867. Apuleius of Madaura. Hildebrand, Eyssenhardt. Apuleius De Herbarum Virtutibus. Ackermann, 1788. Aquila Bomanus. In Halm's Rhetores Latini Minores. Arator. Migne's Fatrologia, vol. 68. Amobius. Reifferscheid, in the new Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Eccle- siasticorum. Amobius lunior. Migne's Patrologia, vol. 53, p. 238 foil. Ars Anonyma Bemensia. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 8. Arusianus Messiua. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Asconius, and Pseudo-Asconiua, on Cicero. In Orelli's Cicero, vol. 5, part 2. Atta. In Ribbeck's Comicorum Latinorum Fragmenta, editions i and 2. Auctor ad Herenuium. See Cornificius. Audax. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Augustae Hiatoriae Soriptores. Casaubon ; Peter, in Tenbner's series. xiv AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED, Augustinus. In Migne's Patrologia; De Civitate Dei, Dombaet, in Teubner's series. Avianus. Ellis. Avienus. Breysig, Holder. Aurelius Victor. Caesares, Delphin edition. Ausonius. Peiper, in Teubner's series. Boethius. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. 63 and 64; his commentaries on Cicero in Orelli's Cicero, vol. 5. Caeollius Statius. In Ribbeck's Comicorum Latinorum Fragmenta, editions I and i. Caelius Aurelianus. Amman. Caesar. Nipperdey, Hofmann, Kraner. Caper. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Capitolinus. In the Scriptores Historiae Augusiae. Carmen de Ponderibus. In RiESE's Anthologia Latina, no. 486. Cassianus. Collationes, Petschenig, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ec- clesiasticorum. Cassiodorius. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. 69, and 70 ; and Keil's Gram- matici Latini, vol. 7. Cato. 'Fragments of the Origines and Orationes, and Carmen De Moribus, Jordan; Res R-ustica, Schneider and Keil. Catullus. Text and Commentary by Ellis and Eaehrens ; MuNRO, Criti- cisms and Elucidations of Catullus. Celsus. De Medicina, Daremberg. Censorinus. HuLTSCH, in Teubner's series. Chalcidius. Wrobel. Cliarisius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. i. Chronioon of Eusebius and Jerome. ScHONE. Cioero. Generally, Orelli and Baiter ; for the orations, C. F. W. MiJller ; for special orations, Halm, Reid, Holden, Heitland, Wilkins ; for the rhetorical vrorks, Sorof, Jahn, Wilkins, Heerdegen, Sandys; for the correspondence, Boot, Watson, Tyrrell; for the philosophical V\rorks, KiJHNER, SCHOMANN, J. B. MAYOR, MaDVIG, DU MeSNIL, ReID, C. F. W. MiJLLER. (N.B. Cicero is always quoted according to the smaller sections.) Ciris. In Ribbeck's Appendix Vergiliana; Baehrens, in Poetae Latini Minores, vol. 2. Claudianus. Jeep. Claudianus Mamertus. Engelbeecht, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. Cledoniua. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5. Codex lustinianeus. Herrmann, 1872 (in the Corpus Juris). Codex Theodosianua. Haenel. CoUatio Legum Mosaioarom et Bomanarum, In Huschke's lurispru- dentiae Anteiustinianae Quae Supersunt, Teubner, 1861. AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO. xv Columella. In Schneider's Scriptores Rei Rustics. Commentator Cruquianus. In Crhquius's Horace, 1578. Commodianus. Dombart in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasii- corum. Consentius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5. Consolatio ad Xiiviam, or Spioedion Drusi. Haupt, in his Opuscula; Baehrens, in his Poetae Latini Minores, vol. i. Copa. RiBBECK, Appendix Vergiliana, and Baehrens, Poetae Latini Minores, vol. a. Corniflcius, Bhetorica ad Herennium. In Orelli's Cicero ; and Kayser, 1854- Culex. Ribbeck, Appendix Vergiliana, and Baehrens in Poetae Latini Minores^ vol. 2, Cortius, Qnintus. Foss, in the Teubner series. Cyprian and Pseudo-Cyprian. Hartel, in the Corpus Scriptorum Eccle- siasticorum. Cyrillus. See G-Iossaries. Dares. Dederich, and Meister in the Teubner series. Diotys. The same. Digest or Pandects. Th. Mommsen. Diocletianum. Edictum. Th. Mommsen, in the third volume of the Corpus Inscriptionum. Diomedes. In the first volume of Keil's Grammatici Latini. Dirae. Ribbeck, Appendix Vergiliana ; Baehrens, in the second volume of his Poetae Latini Minores. Donatus, Aelius. The commentary or mass of comments bearing his name in Klotz's Terence, 1838. His Grammar in the fourth volume of Keil's Grammatici Latini. Life of Vergil attributed to him, see Suetonius. Donatus, Tiberius. Commentary on the Aeneid, Fabricius in his edition of Vergil, Basel, 1561. Dositheus. Keil, in the seventh volume of his Grammatici Latini. Ennius. Vahlen, Lucian Muller, Ribbeck (in his Fragmenta Tragi- corum). Ennodius. Hartel in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. Epicedion Drusi. See Consolatio ad Iiiviam. Eugippius. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 62 ; Knoll in the Corpus Scrip- torum Ecclesiasticorum. Eugraphius. In Klotz's Terence, 1838. Bumenius. In the Panegyrici. Eutropius. Dietsch, in the Teubner series. Eutyclies. Keil, in the fifth volume of his Grammatici Latini. Paustus Eeiensis. In Engelbrecht's Claudianus Mamertus. Eestus. O. MiJLLER. Pirmicus Maternus. De Errore Profanarum Religionum, Halm in the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. xvi AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED, Pirmious Maternus. Matheseos Libri, in the Astronomici Veteres, Basel, 1633 and 1551. Plorus. Halm, 1863. Portunatianus, Atilius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 6. Portunatianus, Chirius. In Halm's Rhetores Latini Minores. Prontinus. De Aquae Ductibus, Dederich in Teubner's series ; Stratege- maton Libri, Gundermann in the same ; De Agrorum Qualitate, etc., in Lachmann's edition of the Gromatici. Pronto. Naber. Pulgentiua. Expositio Sermonum. in Gerlack and Roth's Nonius ; his other writings in the Mythographi Latini. Gaius. HuscHKE. Gargilius Martialis. Valentine Rose, in the Teubner series. Gaudentius. Galeardi, 1738. Gellius. Hertz (the large critical edition, 1883-1885). Germanious, {Aratea of), Breysig; Baehrens, in the first volume of his Poetae Latini Minores. Gildas. In the Monumenta Historica Britannica, and Migne's Patrologia, vol. 69. Glossaries, (i) Manuscript: {a) The Bodleian Glossary, Auct. T. 2. 24, of the eighth or ninth century (Gloss. Bodl.). This glossary closely resembles that of St. Gallen edited by MiNTON Warren. {V) A thirteenth century glossary in the library of Balliol College (Gloss. Ball.). This is a large com- pilation of the same character as that of Papias, and is critically of no great value^. (2) Printed : (a) The Paris Glossary, edited by G. F. Hildebrand (1854) (Gloss. Hild.). {b) The Vatican Glosses, printed at the end of the sixth and seventh volumes of Mai's Auctores Classici ; see LbwE, Prodromus Glossariorum, p. 143 foil, (c) The Latin-Greek Glossary virongly bearing the name of Philoxenus, and the Greek-Latin Glossary wrongly bearing that of Cyrillus. These I had consulted in the edition of Vulcanius ( Thesaurus utriusque linguae, 1600) ; but while these sheets were going through the press, the edition of GoTZ and Gundermann appeared {Corpus Glossari- orum Latinorum, vol. 2). I have, where possible, corrected my references in accordance with the new edition, but have retained the title Gloss. Philox. and Gloss. Cyrill. On the whole subject, see LbWE, Prodromus, p. 180 foil, (rf) The St. Gallen Glossary, edited by MiNTON Warren, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1885 (Gloss. Sangall.). («) Glossae Amplonianae. There are three glossaries in the Amplonian library at Erfurt, edited by Oehler in Jahn's Jahrbiicher, 184;^. The first of these is a duplicate of the Epinal ' Mr. Lindsay has called my attention to the following unedited glossaries in the Bodleian : — (o) Barlow 35 (loth century) ; this contains the beginning of a Graeco-Latin glossary apodixen ostentio, followed by a short glossaiy, mainly Graeco-Latin, from A to Z. It is very corrupt, and contains nothing, so far as I have seen, of great importance, (li) Marshall 19 (gth century). Latin interpretations of Hebrew proper names in the Bible, (c) Bodl. Addit. C. 144 (i ith century ?) has a very short and unimportant glossary beginning fol. 46 b. AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO. xvh Glossary edited by Sweet (Gloss. Eplnal. ) : the third has been edited by LS WE under the title of Glossae Nominum (published after Lowe's death by Go'tz, 1884). These Glossae Nominum have been finally supplemented from the Peterhouse MS. by GoTZ and Gundermann in the volume above referred to. The second Amplonian glossary is cited as Gloss. Amplon., and the numbers refer to Oehler's pages. (/) The Beme Glosses quoted in Hagen's Gradas ad Criticen. {_g) Osbern's Panormia, printed in Mai's Auctores Classici, vol. 8, and there entitled Thesaurus Novus Latinitaiis. See LbWE's Prodromus, p. 240 foil. (Ji) I have also quoted a number of glosses discussed by Lowe either in his Prodromus, or in his Opuscula Glossographica published by Gbxz with the Glossae Nominum in 1884. These glosses I have simply cited on Lowe's authority, with a reference to the pages of the two volumes in question. See also Plaoidue. G-raochus, Q-aius. In Meyer's Fragmenta Oratorum. Gratius. Haupt, and Baehrens in the first volume of his Poetae Latini Minores. Qromatioi Iiatini. Lachmann. Hieronymus. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. 21-30. {See also Chronioon.) Hilaxius Piotavensis. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 13. Hispani Belli Soriptor. In Oehler's Caesar, Historioi. Peter, Historicorum Romanorum Fragmenta. Horatius. Bentley, Orelli, Haupt, Wickham, Munro, A. Palmer, WiLKINS, LUCIAN MiJLLER. Hyglnus. Fabulae, Schmidt, 1872 ; De Astronomia, Bunte, 1875. Hyginus. De Munitionibus Casirorum, in the Gromatici ; and in the edition of Domaszewski, 1887. Inscriptiones. Orelli's Inscriptionum Latinai-um Collectio, 1828-1856; the Berlin Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, vols, i-io (Mommsen's In- scriptiones Regni Neapolitani is also often referred to) ; Brambach's Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum ; Wilmanns's Sylloge Inscriptionum Latina- rum ; and the Ephemeris Epigraphica. The place where the inscription was found, and where possible the date, are generally given. Institutiones of Justinian. Kruger. Irenaeus, Latin translation of. In Stieren's Irenaeus. Isidorus. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. 81-84; Arevalo and Lindemann, with occasional references to the Oriel College Manuscript : see the author's Lectures and Essays, etc., p. 359 foil. Itala. The references are taken firom Ronsch's Itala und Vulgata, Das Neue Testament Tertullians, and Semasiologische Beitrdge. Itiuerarium Alexandri. Volkmann, 1871. Ivilianus. Excerpta in Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5. lustinus. Jeep, in the Teubner series. luvenalis. Jahn, J. E. B. Mayor. luvencus. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 19. Laberius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Comicorum. Laotantius. BOnemann, 1739. b xviii AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED, Lampridius. In the Scriptores Historiae Augustae. Zieges Duodeoim Tabularum. Wordsworth, in Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin ; Bruns, in his Pontes Juris Romani. Iilciuianus. Philologorum Bonnensium Heptas, 1858. Livius Andronieus. In Wordsworth, Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin. Livius, T. Madvig, Weissenborn. Lucanus. Weber, Haskins. LuoUius. Fragments edited by Lucian MOller. Lucretius. Lachmann, Munro. Maorobius. Ian, 1848-1852 ; Eyssenhardt, 1868; Keil, in the fifth volume of his Grammatici Latini. Mamertinus. In the Panegyrici. Mamertus. See Olaudianus. Manilius. Bentley, Jacobs. Marius Meroator. Migne's Patrologia, vol. 48. Marius Plotius Saoerdos. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 6. Marius Viotorinus. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 6 ; Migne's Patro- logia, vol. 8. Martialis, M. Valerius. Friedlander. Martialis, Gargilius. See Gargilius. Martianus Capella. Eyssenhardt. Martyrius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Matemus. See Pirmious. Maurus. See Terentianus. Maximus Taurinensis. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 57. Maximus Viotorinus. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 6. Mela, Pomponius. Parthey, 1867. Messiua. See Arusianus. Minuoius Felix. Halm, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. Monumentum Anoyranum. Th. Mommsen, editions i and 2. Moretum. Ribbeck in his Appendix Vergiliana, and Baehrens in the second volume of his Poetae Latini Minores. Museio. In Valentine Rose's Anecdota Graeca et Graeco-Latina. Mythographi Vaticani. Bode. Mythographi Latini. Muncker. Waevius. Wordsworth, in Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin; Vahlen ; Lucian MUller ; Ribbeck, in his Fragmenta Comicorum. Ifamatianus. See Butilius. ITazarius. In the Panegyrici. Wemesianus. Haupt ; Baehrens, in his Poetae Latini Minores. Nepos, Cornelius. Nipperdey, Cobet. Nonius Mareellus. Mercier, Quicherat, Lucian MUller. The refer- ences are to Mercier's paging. Notae Tironianae. Kopp. AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO. xix Notae Bernenses. W. Schmitz, De Romanorum Tachygraphia, 1879. Ifovellae luatinianeae. In Hermann's Corpus Juris. Orosius. Zangemeister in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. Osbern. See Glossaries. Ovidius. Merkel, Zingerle, Ellis. Paouvius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Tragicorum Romanorum, editions i and 2. Palladius. In Schneider's Scriptores Rei Rusticae. Panegjrrioi. De La Baune, 1676 ; Baehrens, in the Teubner series. PauUnus Diaconns. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 20. PauHuus of Nola. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 61. Pauliuus of Petricordia. Petschenig in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum . Paulus, the jurist. In Huschke's Fragmenta Juris prudentiae Anteius- tinianae. Paulus, the epitomator of Festus. O. Muller. Periegesis, bearing the name of Priscian. In Wernsdorf's Poetae Latini Minores, vol. 5, p. 265 foil. Persius. Jahn and Conington. Petrouius. Bdcheler. Petrus Chrysologus. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 52. Peutiuger. Tabula Peutingeriana, Ruelens. Phaedrus. Lucian Mijller, in the Teubner series. Philargyrius. In Lion's Servius. Philoxenus. See Glossaries. Fhocas. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5. Placidus. Glosses, Deherling. Commentary on Statins, in Lindenbrog's and Barth's editions of Statins. Plautus. Amphitmo, Asinaria, Aulularia, Captim, Epidicus, Bacchides, HJercator, Pseudolus, Poenulus, Rudens, Stichus, Trinummus, Truculentns, in Lowe's, Gotz's, and Scholl's revision and continuation of Ritschl's edition. Menaechmi, Persa, in Ritschl's edition. Mostellaria, Ritschl and LoRENZ. Miles Gloriosus, Ritschl, Lorenz, Sonnenschein, Ribbeck. Casina and Cistellaria, Weise. Fleckeisen has also been much consulted. Quoted generally by the number of lines. Plinius (the elder). Ian and Detlefsen. Quoted according to the numbers of the smallest sections. Plinius (the younger). Keil. Plinius Valerianus. Valentine Rose, in the Teubner series. Plotius Saoerdos. See Marius. Pompeius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5. Pomponius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Comicorum. Porphyrion. In Hauthal's edition of the Scholia to Horace. Priapea. In Baehrens's Poetae Latini Minores, vol, 1. Priscian. In the edition of Hertz, Grammatici Latini, vols. 2 and 3 (Keil). Cited as Priscian i and 2. b 2 XX AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED, Probus, Pseudo-. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 4; commentary on Vergil's Eclogues, in Lion's Servius. Propertius. Hertzberg, A. Palmer, Lucian MiJLLER, Postgate, Baehrens. The references are to the numbers in Baehrens's edition. Prosper of Aquitaine. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 51. Prudentius. Dressel. Publilius Syrus. Friedrich. Querolus (the). Peiper, 1875. Quintilianus. Institutio Oratoria, Halm, J. E. B. MAYOR, Bonnell. Declamationes, Burmann ; Ritter in the Teubner series. Kuflnianus. In Halm's Rhetores Latini Minores. Kuflnus (Tyrarmius, of Aquileia). In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 21, and Lommatzsch's Origen. Butilius Wamatianus. Lucian Muller, in the Teubner series. Kutilius Lupus. In Halm's Rhetores Latini Minores. Sallustius. DiETScH, Jordan, A. W. Cooke. Salvianus. Pauly in the Vienna Corpus Scriptoruvi Ecclesiasticorum. Sammonious Serenus. Baehrens, in his Poetae Latini Minores, vol. 3. ScauTus, Terentius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Scholia Bernensia to Vergil's Eclogues and Georgics, Hagen. Bobiensia to Cicero, Orelli's Cicero, vol. 5. to Germanicns's Aratea, Eyssenhardt in his Martianus Capella. to Juvenal, Bucheler in his edition oi Juvenal. to Persius, the same in his edition of Persius. to Lucan, Usener and Weber. Vindobonensia, to the Ars Poetica of Horace, Zechmeister. Veronensia, to Vergil, in Lion's Servius. Soipio Aemilianus. In Meyer's Fragmenta Oratorum Latinorum, Scriboniua Largus. Helmreich, in the Teubner series. Seduliua. HiJMER, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. Seneea, Annaeus (the elder). Bursian. Seneca, L. Anuaeua (the younger). Fickert, Haase, Gertz. His tragedies, Peiper and Richter, in the Teubner series. Sergius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 4. Servius. Thilo ; Servius on Donatus, in Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 4. Sioulus E'lacous. In Lachmann's Gromatici. Sidonius ApoUinaris. Baret; and in the Historiae Germanicae Monu- menta. Silius Italicus. Ruperti. Sisenna. In Peter's Historicorum Reliquiae. Solinus. Th. Mommsen. Spartianus. In the Scriptores Historiae Augustae. Statius, Caeciliua. See Caeciliua. Statins, Papinius. Queck, Baehrens. Suetonius. Roth, Reifferscheid, H. Nettleship in Ancient Lives of Vergil. AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO. xxi Solpicius Severus. Halm, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasli- coram. Sulpitius Victor. Halm, in his Rhetores Latini Minores. Sjnnmaohus, Q. Fabius Memmius. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. i8. Syrus. See Publilius. Tacitus. Halm, Heraeus, Nipperdey, Furneaux, Andresen, Schwei- ZER-SiDLER, Peter. Terentianus Maurus. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 6. Terentius. Wagner, Umpfenbach. Quoted according to lines. TertuUianus. Oehler. Tibnllus and Pseudo-Tibullus. Baehrens. Titinius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Comicorum. Trabea. In the same. Trebellius Polllo. In the Scriptores Historiae Augustae. Valerius Plaeous. Thilo, Baehrens. Valerius Maximus. Halm, in the Teubner series. Varro, M. Terentius. De Lingua Latina, MiJller, Spengel; De Re Rustica, Keil ; Saturae Menippeae, Riese, Bucheler (sometimes quoted according to their titles). Vegetius. De Re Militari, Lang ; Mulomedicina, Schneider. Velius Iiongus. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7- -Vellius Pateroulus. Halm. Veuantius Portunatus. In Historiae Germanicae Monumenta, Vergilius. RiBBECK, Conington, and H. Nettleship. Victor, lulius. Halm in his Rhetores Latini Minores. Victor Vitensis. Petschenig in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasti- corum. TJlpian. In Huschke in his Fragmenta luris prudentiae Anteiustinianae. Vitruvius. Rose and Muller, Strubing. Vopisous. In the Scriptores Historiae Augustae. ABBREVIATIONS. Most of these will be explained by a reference to the foregoing list of books. But this is not perhaps the case with the following : — A. Ennius A. = Ennius, Annales. Serv. A. = Servius on the Aeneid. Tac. A. = Tacitus, Annals. A. P. = Ars Poetica. Agr. Cic. Agr. = Cicero, De Lege Agraria. C. Caes. C. = Caesar, De Bella Civili. Sail. C. = Sallust, Bellum Catilinae. C. I. L. = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinaruni. C. I. R. = Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum (Brambach). D. Placidus D. = Placidus, ed. Deuerling. Dan.; Serv. (Dan.) = the additional notes in Daniel's Servius, printed by Thilo in italics. E. Serv. E. = Servius on the Eclogues. F. Plautus F. = Plautus, ed. Fleckeisen. G. Caes. G. = Caesar, De Bello Gallico. Serv. G. = Servius on the Georgics. I. Sail. I. = Sallust, Bellum lugurthinum. I. R. N. = Inscriptiones Regni Neapolitani (Mommsen). I. u. V. = Itala und Vulgata (Ronsch). K. Gramm. Lat. K. = Grammatici Latini, ed. Keil. L. Plautus Most. L. = Plautus, Mostellaria, ed. Lorenz. L. F. = Lateinische Formenlehre (Neue). M. Festus or Paulus M. = Festus or Paulus, ed. Miiller. Mythographi Lat. M. = Mythographi Latini, ed. Muncker. P. Lowe, P. G. = LbWE, Prodromus Glossariorum. R. After references to Plautus = RiTSCHL (both the original and the revised editions, and the new editions of Lowe, Gbtz, and SchoU). S. After references to Plautus = SONNENSCHEIN. S. B. = the Semasiologische Beitrdge of Hermann Ronsch. W. After references to Livius Andronicus or the Twelve Tables = Words- worth, Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. p. 4. s. V. Abactus. For 107 read 407. P. 5. Abaudio. I now find that obaudio is the MS. reading of Gloss. Cyrill. P. 6. Add Ablumentum — uiOapats, Glossae Servii p. 5 28 of Gotz and Gundermann, Corpus Glossarionim vol. 2. P. 14. Acceia. The reading in Gloss. Philox. is accia et accela. P. 78. Afluentia. The MS. reading of Gloss. Cyrill. is ajluentia. P. 81. Agea. Kai is not in the MSS., so that I retract my proposed emenda- tion. P. 87. Aggrunda is evidently corrupt for suggrunda : see Idiomata Codicis Harleiani, p. 494 of the Corpus Glossariorum vol. 2, suggrunda, fKBirris, P. 130. AUego. Strike out the words ' Gloss. Philox /tipTvpas.' P. 159. Ambitus. The neuter form ambitum in C. I. L. 6. 2345 is quite un- certain. P. 192. Andes. See Gliick, Die bei C. lulius Caesar vorkommenden Kel- tischen Eigennamen, p. 42. P. 206. Annihilatio. For i^autkvwan read elovSevrjffis. P. 267. Ardelio. There can hardly be any doubt that ardalio is the right form. Georges, in the Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift of January 12, 1889, quotes it from Gloss. Cas. 401, Cas. 218 and other glossaries. CONTRIBUTIONS TO LATIN LEXICOGRAPHY. A. A. The first letter of the Latin alphabet : Lucilius 9. 3 A pri- mum est, and Gramm. passim. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing the letter is described as follows : Ter. Maur. p. 328 K A prima locum litter a sic ab ore sumit : Immunia rictu patulo tenere labra, Linguamque necesse est ita pendulam reduci, Ui nisusin illam valeat subire vocis, Nee partibus ullis aliquos ferire denies : Mar. Vict. p. 32 K A litter a rictu patulo suspensa neque impressa dentibus lingua enuntiatur : Mart. Cap. 3. 261 (=Anon. De Litteris, Hagen Anecd. Helv. ap. Gramm. Lat. K vol. 7) A sub hiatu oris congruo solo spiritu memoramus. Prise, i. p. 7 K gives (on the analogy of the pronunciation of the Greek a) six different pronunciations of the Latin a. A stands as an abbreviation for the names Afer, Albucius, Annius, Antonius, Aquae, Augustus, Aulus: and for the words absolvo, actum or acta, actarius, ad, aedilicius, aerarium, aes or aeri, agens, agri or agris, alter, ambove, amicus or amico, animus or animo, annus or anno, ante, ara, area, argentum or argento, arma or armorum, as, adsigno or adsignandis, adtribuo or adtribuendis, aurum. A, ab, abs, preposition. 1. In the local sense of on the side of, Caesar G. i.' i. 5 ab Sequanis; i. 23. 3 a novissimo agmine; 2. 25. I quidam a novissimis (wrongly explained by Lewis and Short 2&-:=ex novissimis^; 7. 73. 3 stipites eminebant ab ramis (where the branches began); Livy 31. 27. 6 a novissimo agmine adortus hostes; 8. 17. 9 adversus regem escensionem a Paesto facientem. 2. In the metaphorical sense of on the side of, opp. to contra; Corn, ad Her. 2. 43 ai5 reofaciunt; 4. 4 ab ea {ratione) steterunt ; Cic. Inv. i. 4 a mendacio contra verum stare ; Rose. Am. 85 vir ei contra audaciam B 3 A, ab, abs. fortissimus et ab innocentia clemeniissimus ; perhaps Cluent. 9 iudicium . . . pecunia temptaium non a Cluentio sed contra Cluentium ; ib. 93; Fam. 2. 16. 2; Lucr. i. 693 confra sensus ab sensibus ipse repugnat. 3. The common use of ab with words expressing beginning may be further illustrated by the following passages: Lucr. I. 554, 767 a cerio tempore, tempore ab omni, 'within a time or distance, beginning from,' Munro, who quotes Livy 24. 46. 4 imber ab node media coortus ; Ov. Pont. 2.3.79 primo nobis a tempore cultus. A novo, C. I. L. 6. 222, i763=afresh; ab incohato scholam refecerunt, C. I. L. 6. 103 (Rome, 214 a.d.). Ab asse, from savings of pence, C. I. L. 5. 6623, 7647; Petron. 43 ab asse crevit. 4. Of cause. Plaut. True. 231 R sterilis ab datis (? owing to what he has given) : but this verse is suspected by the latest edd. Ter, Heaut. prol. 13 hie actor tantum poterit a facundia; Lucil. 30. 82 ab ominis impulsu ingressa est; Cic. N. D. 2. 92 (2 tantis ardoribus conflagrare ter ram; 138 ab spiritu calescit; Lucr. 2. 269 initum motus a corde creari; 3. 429 a tenui causa magis icta movetur; 6. 709 amorbo interiisse; 6. 1266 interclusa anima nimia ab dulce- dine aquarum; CatuU. 64. 275 (undue) ab luce refulgent; Lucr. 2. 51 fulgorem ab aura; Cic. Font. 28 a3 aliqua cupiditate prolapsum verbum; Caes. G. i. 22 a Gallicis armis . . . cognovisse (knew it from) ; Prop. 3. 3, 38 utreor a facie ; 3. 24. 26 a3 insidiis flere (from treachery as your motive) ; 3. 9. 59 a te est quod ferar (it is owing to you); Ov. Am. i. 13. 41 marcet ab annis; 3. 2. 33 quid fiet ab istis (what will be the effect of); 2. 4. 31 causa tangor ab omni; Ov. M. I. 66 madescit ab ausiro; 2. 602 animus . . .fervebat ab ira; Liv. i. i. 4 ab simili clade . . . profugam; 34. 31. 17 a censu equitem legitis (from, according to) ; 33. 7. 5 terror ab necopinato visu; 10. 5. 2 ira ab accepta . . . clade . . . clamor ab increscente certamine; 10. 31. 6 ab ultima dimicantibus spe; so al. Liv. ab odio, a spe, ab ira, ab contemptu, ab nimia fiducia, ab gaudio ; C. I. L. 6, 2059, 19 (Rome, 80 A. D.); Acta Fr. Arv. p. 138 Henzen a vetus- tate (decidit arbor) ; C. L L. 6. 2060, 6 (81 a. d.) a tempestate nivis {de- cidit arbor); 2107, 16 (224 a.d.) a3 ictufulminis (arduerint arbor es). Note further ab arte, artificially or artistically: Varro R. R. i. 59. 2 quod spectaculum datur ab arte; Ov. Am. 2. 4. 30 molli torquei ab arte latus; 2. 12. 4 ne qua possit ab arte capi; 2. 15. 14 mira laxus ab arte. A rations, rationally: Lucr. i. 935 non nulla a ratione; Cic. Off. I. 7 omnis quae a ratione suscipitur de aliqua re institutio. 5. Of instrument, when the instrument is inanimate. (a) Where personification is obviously intended r Varro, Mutuum Muli 2 A, ab, abs. 3 Biichelei pedes nostri ex se a/ciwjrot, sedab animo moventur; Cic. Fam. 7. 26. 2 a beta et a malva deceptus sum ; Fam. 13. lo. i a3 ipso more maiorum commendatur ; ib. 7. 19. i ab ipsa urbe commonitus ; Phil. 14. 32 and elsewhere, a natura; Sest. 5, Rab. Post. 2 afortuna; Mil. 9 gladium ah ipsis porrigi legibus \ Sest. 83 a nefariis pestibus occisus; SuU. 71 a^ \f«a wz'te damnatum, etc., etc. (b) Where it cannot certainly be said that personification is intended : Vetus Orator ap. Meyer Fragm. Or. z^ ut a cluniculis saturi fiant; Varro R. R i. 12. 2 ab sole loto die inlustratur ; 3. 8 a siercore ne offendaiur (so Victorius for ac si.); Cic. Q. F. 2. 16. i me nunquam a causis et iudiciis districtiorem fuisse; Fin. 3. 49 neque ab ulla re (sapientid) contiruri potest; Lucr. i. 813 alimur nos Certis ab rebus; 3. 285 ut quiddam fieri videatur ab omnibus unum; 6. 1079 aerique aes plumbo fit uti iungatur ab albo; Ov. Ibis 174, 488 ab orbe rotae, ab ore bovis. (c) With abstract nouns: Lucr. 3. ^22 fiectitur a medicina; Antonius ap. Cic. Att. 10. 8 A i ab offensione nostra duriores partes mihi impositas; Cic. Cat. 2. 25 a virtutibus vitia super art; Deiot. 30 a tanta auctoritate approbari; Sest. 92 ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur; Phil. 14. 13 a consensu civitatis datur {testimonium); Sail. I. 31. 2 ab ignavia atque socordia cor- ruptus; Liv. 33. 11. 7 ab ea cupiditate invicti animi. (d) Especially with words implying abandonment or desertion : Corn. Her. 4. 12 ab humanitate relictos homines; Cic. Fam. 5. 2. 10 desertus ab qfficiis tuis; Att. 4. 10. i a ceteris oblectationibus deseror; Cluent. x\o forum desertum a voce tribunicia; ib. 183 a consiliis malitiae deseruntur ; Cat. i. 25 afortuna, spe derelictus; Rab. Perd. 23 a3 omni honestate relictus; Verr. i. dx relicta ac destituta a ceteris signis; Dom. 67 a firmissimo robore copiarum suarum relictus; Liv. 31. 24. 3 (7 qua spe destitutus. 6. In late writers ab is very common after comparatives instead of the simple abl. I. N. Ott, Neue Jahrbiicher, 1875, and Ronsch, Rhein. Mus. vol. 31 give a number of instances from Arnobius, Caelius Aurelianus, Augustine, Irenaeus, Porphyrion. E. g. Pompeius, p. 156 Keil//af a positivo; Anth. Lat. (343. 2 Riese) cum sis phoenicis grandior a senio; Cypr. Ep. 77. 2 quia non est a centesimo praemio minor tua innocens anima : Arnob. 2. 46 quod minus esset a recto. 7. In vulgar and late Latin ab is found with ace. : C. I. L. 4. 1940, 2155 (Pompeii) a mu- thunium, apulvinar, and often at Pompeii; at Rome also C. I. L. 6. 1537) 2104, 2234, 2963, 3414; Ps. Cypr. de Aleatoribus 8 a Dei servos; 11 ab illos; ib. de montibus Sina et Sion 8 a Baiylones, See, for more instances, Ronsch I. u. V. p. 409. B 2 4 Aaha — Ab ante. Aaha, interjection, expressive of joy, lulius Romanus ap. Chans, p, 239 K; Cominianus ib. p. 238 K. Abactivus, -a, -um, adj. from abactus (part, pass.), driven off; I. R. N. 4916 (where the old editions of the Inscr. give abaciia, and Mommsen reads aiacHca ; Wilmanns abadiva in the index to his Exempla Inscriptionum). Abactor, in the general sense of one who drives away (not only of a cattle-lifter); Hieron. Comm. Zach. 2. 9. v. 5 nequaquam super- veniei eis abactor; Mar. Vict. 8. 1009. 3 (Migne). Abactus ventris, an abortion: Lex Rom. Visigoth, p. 107 (Haenel): Epit. Guelph. 13. Abacus or abax (Prise, i, p. 322 K) is now supposed to be derived from the Semitic (Hebrew and Phoenician) abac, to lift up. Abaddir, -is or abidir, a meteoric stone : Prise. 2, p. 47 K abaddir vel abaddier ; Mythogr. Vat. i. 17.2 (33. 83. 2 M)gemmam. quam Abidir vacant; n. pi. abaddires, Augustin. Ep. i. 17. 2. (Supposed to be derived from the Phoenician eben dir or aban dir :=lapis sphaericus) Abaeto, -is, to go away; Plant. True. 96 R; Rud. 777 R; Epid. 304 R, where abito; doubtful in Lucil. 9. 27, where MSS. have abbire. In Placidus p. 8 D abstiteres abires is probably corrupt for abaeteres abires. Abalienatio. 1. Repudiation, rejection : Itala lob 31.3 (Cod. Maj. Monast.). 2. Liberation; Augustin. Ps. 4. 9 (Migne 36. 82. 9) mentis ab. a mortalibus rebus. Abalieno, to remove, get rid of: Tert. Nat. 2. 12 nato max et abalienato love; Vulg. Eccl. 11. 36 abalienabit te a tuis propriis ; so elsewhere in later Latin. Abalterutrum, adv., from each other : Hygin. Mun. Castr. 43. Ab ante or abante. 1. Adv., in front: C. I. L. 6. 2899 ab ante [et dextra laevaque pur a terrula) ; 11. 147 (=Orelli 4396) petimus ne quis nos inquietet ex area nostra neque ab ante aliam ponat. 2. Preposition, in front of, or temporal, before. (a) With abl.. Gloss, ap. Lowe, Prodr. Gloss, p. 139 abante nocte, vespere incidente. (b) With ace, Itala Naum i. d ab ante eum; Vulg. Esdr. 3. 9. I ab ante atrium templi; Ps. Cypr. Orat. 2. 2 ab ante vir- tutem iuam. (See Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata, p. 234, and WolflSin, Archiv, i. p. 438, who gives other instances.) Abarceo — Abitiro. 5 Abarceo, to keep oflf: Paul. p. 25 M, according to good MSS., abarcet, prohibet. Abaudio= Greek inaKoia ; Gloss. Cyrill. eiraKoia, abaudio, exaudio (? airaKova or obaudio ?). Abblandior (adb-), to flatter, caress: Hilar. Pict. in Ps. 140. 6 muUer . . . abblandiens pellexit; Script. Eleg. de Fortunae Viciss. 21 ut facile amissos abblandiar ore favor es (perhaps ablandiar, wheedle away). Abeaeeatio, blinding : Gloss. Cyrill. airojv^Xma-is, abcaecatio. Abdecet, it is unseemly: Glossae Nominum, etc., p. 163, Lowe. Abdo, -is, Thielmann, in WolfHin's Archiv, remarks that this word was confined to good authors, and seems never to have become popular. Abdomen, spelt abdumen: Charis. i. p. 28 K; Script. Id. Gen. Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 582 K; Gloss. Nom. p. 4, Lowe; Gloss. Philox. Abduco, in the sense of to take home and entertain : Transl. Matth. ap. Cypr. Op. et Eleem. 23 hospes fui et abduxistis me. No doubt a development of abducere convivam (Ter. Eun. 407) or abducere ad cenam (Id. Heaut. 1 83). Abducta, title of a comedy by Afranius. Abhiuc in a local sense is apparently not earlier than Apuleius (Flor. 16 iota abhinc orbe); it is found in Augustine, Claudianus Mamertus, and other late writers. (Ploess in Wolfflin's Archiv 4. p. 114.) Abicltale (abecet-), the alphabet: Lowe, Gloss. Nom. p. 43 elementarius qui discit abiciiale. Abiectio, concr., an object of scorn: Vulg. Ps. 21. 7 ego aulem sum . . . abiectio plebis. (Ronsch, Semasiologische Beitrage p. 5.) Abiegnius for abiegneus, Edict. Diocl. 12. i. Abigo, in the sense of miscarrying: Serv. G. 3. 139 tunc enini diligentius traciandae sunt, ne abigani. Abiiigasso, to unyoke : Gloss. Philox. abiugassere, cmo^fv^cu.. AbiuBctus, 1. distant: Prud. ■7repia-Tev(riv ri'heiov) : Varro ap. Gell. 13. 14 convivium omnibus numeris suis absolutum (so also Quint.); Cic. Ac. 2. 55 absolute pares; Tusc. 4. 38 absolute beatus (in both Absoltitus, 9 instances with perfecte); Orat. 171 oratio absolute concluderetur \ Tusc. 5. 53 omnia proflumter, absolute, prospere, igitur beate ; and elsewhere. Compar., Quint, i. i. 37 quo sit absolutius os; Superl., Corn. I. c; Plin. 35. 74; Tac. D. 5. 2. Of an argument, com- plete, comprehensive: Corn. Her. 2. 37 non universa neque abso- luta, sed extenuata ratione. 3. In rhet. (a) ahsoluta causa, defined by Cic. In v. i. ig as causa quae ipsa in se continet iuris et iniuriae quaestionem. (ta) absoluta pars or qualitas, of a plea admitting and justifying the fact in question, Corn. Her. i. 24 absoluta pars iuridicialis constitutionis, cum id ipsum quod factum est recte factum esse dicimus: comp. ib. 2. 19; Fortunat. ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 92. B. Absolute, without conditions, qualifications, or additions. 1. Cic. Inv. i. 60 absoluta propositio (simple, opp. to adsumptio); ib. 2. 171 quasdam cum adiunctione necessitu- dines, quasdam simplices et absolutas. Top. 34 absolute ■= simply, without addition: Plin. Praef. 27; Sen. Ep. 52. i; Diom. i. p. 342 K semel et absolute aliquid facere; Dig. 39. 6. 34 {35). 2 vera et absoluta donatio. 2. In grammar: general mean- ing, absolute, independent of all else in the sentence. (a) Of the form of verbs, as opposed to incohativa, iterativa species, etc., simple : Diom. p. 342 absoluta verborum qualitas est quae semel vel absolute facere nos indicat, ut ' caleo^ ' curro,' etc. : so Con- sentius p. 366 K. (b) Of the perfect tense: Martianus Capella 3. 314 specie absoluta et exacta; Charis. pp. 176, 562; Prob. Inst. p. 160 al. (e) Of substantives, absolute, indepen- dent : = cuiroXeKvfiivov, Kaff iavTo voiirai, olov 6e6s, Xwyor (Dion. Thrax p. 44 Uhlig): Prise, i. p. 62 K. (d) Of pronouns, =/?«/- tus, definite : Charis. p. i58=Diom. p. 329 IL pronominum declina- tiones finitae sive dbsolutae, 'hie,' 'huius,' ' huic,' et cetera. (e) Of adjectives, positive : Quint. 9. 3. 19; Palaemon ap. Charis. p. 232 K; Charis. pp. 112, 156; Consent, p. 346 K; Prob. Inst. p. 56. (f ) Of a verb used without a case : Prise, i. p. 389 K. (g) Of an adjective used independently, i.e. substantivally : Serv. A. 2. 26 'omnis Teucria,' subaudi gens, et absoluta est elocutio; ib. A. 11. 309 ' cetera ' absolute dixit, so often in Serv. and later gramm. Of an adjective form such as magna, gracilis, used sine numero et genere et casu, Prob. Inst. 52 K. (h) Of two words written apart, but really forming one : Serv. A. 766 'per mutual invicem, et est absolu- tum. 3. The phrase in absolute means (a) undetermined, unlimited : so in the Agri Mensores, and met. Hil. Comm. Matth, 13. 7 evangeliorum praedicatio in absoluto est, sed utendi potestas non lo Absorbitio — Abstineo. potest esse sine pretio. (b) = clear, obvious : Hil. Trin. 3. 34 cuius in ahsoluio est et causa et ratio (properly, in an independent position). Absorbitio, the power of absorbing: Augustin. Serm. 162. 2 quodam mode absorbitio . . . concupiscentiae (the absorbing power of desire). Abstentatio, holding off: Gloss. Philox. abstenfatio, cmo(rnj6i.(Tis cmb a-miiaTos (emend. Scaliger). Abstineo : properly intr., to continue away, remain away from a thing (see s.v. teneo). 1. Intrans., to keep oflF, abstain from : constructed abs., with ad, simple abl., infin., quin with subj. Plaut. Aul. 602 R abstinebit censione bubula; Men. 768 R abstinent culpa \ Cure. 177 F dum me ahstineant invidere quin . . . ; Bacch. 915 R apstinere quin attingas non qtieas; Pers. 166 R quid olet ? abstines ? Ter. Hec. 139 sese ilia (virgine) abstinere; ib. 411 ea me abstinuisse in principio ; Cic. SuU. 80 a ceteris coniurationis causis abstinuimus ; Caes. G. i. 22 proelio; 7. .47 a mulieribus; Sail. I. 64. 5 neque facto neque dido; Verg., Liv. 2. 16. 9 ne ab obsidibus quidem ira belli abstinuit; 2. 45. 10 with quin; in Tac. very common, and always apparently with simple abl. With quominus Suet. Gramm. 3 ; with inf, id. Tib. 23. With cogn. ace. neut., Plaut. Aul. 345 R quod te scio Facile abstinere posse. With gen., Hor. 3. C. 27. 69 irarum calidaeque rixae. The passive is used impersonally by Sail. Hist. 3. 62. 25 ; Liv. (e. g. 5. 50. 7), and Tac. The part. pres. abstinens is used adjectivally (with regular comp. and sup.) in the sense of temperate, self-restraining, by Cic. and other authors : with abl. of respect. Col. 12.5.3 ^^^f- rebus Veneriis : with gen., Hor. 4. C. 9. 27 abst. pecuniae: Plin. Ep. 6. 8. 5 alieni absti- nentissimus, sui diligens. 2. Transitive. (a) To hold back, i. e. keep in retirement : Cato Orat. 1 1 . i abstinui omnem adules- centiam meam in duritia. (b) To hold off, keep off : with manum and manusvery common, e. g. Plaut. Trin. 288 ; Ter. Heaut. 565 ; Cic. Att. 3. 7. 2 ; Liv. 7. 27. 8 ab aede ignem ; 42. 26. 6 ab sociis iniuriam. With reflexive and personal pronoun : Plaut. Cas. r. 13 urbanis rebus te abstines; Cic. Phil. 2. 5 quod te abstinueris nefario scelere; Phil. 13. 17 qui si reliquis flagitiis et sceleribus se abstinere potuisset. So Caes. and other authors. (c) To keep at a distance : Mart. 9. 86 non se, convivas abstinet ille suos. Imper. abstine ! away with 1 Plaut. Most. 884 L abstine sermonem de istis rebus I Ter. Heaut. 373 gemitus, screatus, tussis, risus abstine! (d) Eccl., to exclude from the community of the faithful : Cypr, Ep. Abstirpo — Absurdus. 1 1 3. 3 and often : so part. pass, abstentus, one who is excluded. (e) To hold back from, hinder from, in various contexts and shades of meaning: Sail. H. 4. 61. 12 quos ignavia armis abstinuU; Liv. 8. 24. 18 quamquam Romaiio hello for tuna eum abstinuit; 2. 22. 4 recens accepia clades Latinos ne ah legatis quidem violandis abstinuit. (f) In law, abstinere se (or abstinere) ab hereditate-=io abstain from taking an inheritance: Gaius 2. 158. A tutor is said abstinere pupillum hereditate; Scaev. Dig. 12. 6. 61: comp. ib. 27. 3. 18. (g) In medicine, abstinere se (or absti}iere)-=lo abstain from food: Cels. 3. 13. 15; pass, abstineri, ih. 3. 4. 12; so Sen. Ep. 75. 7 absiinendus sum; Col. 8. 5. 17 abstineri debent (to be put under starving treatment) : and elsewhere in medical writers. Abstirpo, -as, to pull up by the roots : Gloss. Paris, (ed. Hild.) averruncai abstirpat] Gloss. Ball, obtruncatl^) abstirpat. Abstollo, to take away: Max. Taur. (Migne 57. p. 588 d) part, pass. abstHHtus, Itala i Machab. 4. 58. (Archiv.) Abstrepitus, -ns, a terrible sound : ' abstrepitus ' sonus terribilis, Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 163. AbsTun. Note the use of the exclamation quod absit, procul absit, with subj. and inf. Ap. M. 5. 16 quod absit; 2. 3 absit ut . . .: so Cypr. Ep. 33. i ; ib. Ep. 30. 3 absit ab ecclesia Romana vigorem suum tarn prof ana facilitate dimittere; C. I. L. 6. 1756, a 11 (Rome, 395 A. D.) absit credas=-noli credere. Absurdus. 1. Of sounds, discordant : Cic. Progn. fr. (of frogs) absurdoque sono fontes et stagna cietis; De Or. 3. 41 vox absona atque absurda; Tusc. 2. 12 absurde canere. 2. Of lan- guage, ill-sounding, so incongruous, anomalous, incorrect ; Plaut. Capt. 71 scio apsurde hoc dictum derisores dicer e. At ego aio recte; Liv. 31. 14. 8 absurde quaedam percontantes sermo prodidit ; Pronto Ad Marc. Ant. 3. 15 absurdam orationem et agrestem; 4. 2 verbum absurdius aut inconsultior sensus. 3. Of style, unpleasing ; Cic. Q. F. I. 2. 9 litterarum absurde et inusitate scriptarum. 4. In general application, unreasonable, anomalous, inappropriate : Cic. Rose. Com. i^ fraudavit Roscius. Est hoc quidem primum auribus animisque absurdum; Sull. 31 in quo primum erat illud absurdum, quod non intellegebat se; Att. 2. 9. 2 sin autem ab his dissmtiet, erit absurdum in nos invehi; 14. 21. 3 quid absurdius quam Bruti Neapolitanum a matre tyrannoctoni possideril Comp. Sull. 37, 57 ; Prov. Cons. 37; Phil. 11. 11 ; Balb. 37; al. 5. With dat., unsuited to; Tac. A. 12. 9 quod aetati utriusque non I a Abuccius — Aburnius. absurdum erat. 6. Of an action, overdone, uncouth : Tac. H. 5. 5 ludaeorum mos absurdus sordidusque ; A. 3. 47 absurda adulatio. 7. Often with a neg., non or haud absurdum^ literally = not inappropriate : e.g. Sail. Cat. 3. i pulchrum est bene facer e rei publicae, eliam bene dicer e haud absurdum (not in- effective) ; Tac. H. 4. 48 pauca . . . repetiero ab initio causisque talium rerum, non absurda (not irrelevant) ; 4. 65 haud fuerit absurdum trader e; 3. 51 haud absurde memorabimus ; and so else- where in Tac. E. g. A. 13. x^ferebatur non absurde dixisse (not un- wittily) ; so Suet. Gramm. 6; Dom. 3; Vita Verg. 22 non absurde carmen se ursae more parere dicens et lafnbendo demum effingere. 8. Foolish, absurd: Plaut. Epid. 326 R absurde facis qui ie animi angas : and so very often in all Latin. Abuccius and Abuccia, nomina : I. R. N. 4108 (Formiae), and often in I. R. N. ; also C. I. L. 2. 2626 (Conventus Asturum, in Gallaecia). Abudius and Abudia, nomina: several times in C. I. L. 5 (Northern Italy); C. I. L. 3. 2938; Tac. A. 6. 30. AbuUius, Abulius, and Abulia, nomina: I. R. N. 4996 (Bovianum), 5062. 5063 (Aesernia); C. I. L. 2. 2254 (Spain). Abundabilis, plethoric: Cass. Fel. 84. 17 plethorium, quod nos Latino sermone abundabile dicimus. (Archiv.) Abundantia. 1. (a) an overflow: Vitruv. 5. 9. 7 ex- cipiuntur abundantiae aquarum; 5. 9. 6 ab. palustris; Plin. Pan. 30 of the Nile ; Plin. N. H. 27. 32 abundantia sanguinis ex vulneribus, and so elsewhere in the elder Pliny. (b) Of the stomach, over-fulness : Suet. Claud. 44. 2. (a) Abundance, always with the idea of there being more than is wanted : with gen. of the thing in which there is abundance, and abs. So very common from Cicero downwards. (b) In the moral sense of prodigality, Tac. Agr. 6 ludos medio rationis atque abundantiae duxit. (c) Of style, luxuriance: ?Cic. ? ap. Quint. 12. i. 20 .f^ ipse {Cicero) multa ex ilia iuvenili abundantia coercuisse testatur. Abureius, nomen : C. I. L. 6. 127. iii. 8 (Rome, 86 a. d.), ib. 200 (Rome, 70 A.D.). Aburius, nomen: C. I. L. i. 305. 306 (Rome); 2. 3669 (Palma in Majorca); I. R. N. 6310. 3 (Aeclanum) ; Liv. 39. 4. 3. Cog- nomen Aburianus ; C. I. L. 6. 3517 (Rome). Aburnius, nomen : C. I. L. 6. 1421 (Rome, 118 a.d.); cogn. Aburnianus, ib. 6. 2083. 33 (Rome, 120 a.d.). Abursidius — Aeca Larentia. 13 Abursidius, nomen: C. I. L. 6. 2375 a, ii. 15 (Rome, 120 a.d.). Aburtidius, nomen : C. I. L. 6. 1056, iii. 102 (Rome, 205 a. d.). Abuslo = Greek raxaxpiyo-ts. 1. In rhetoric and grammar, the use of a word of kindred signification for the proper word: Corn. Her. 4.45 abusio quae verba simili et propinquo pro certo et pro- pria abutitur (e. g. Irevis lai parvus and the like) : comp. Cic. Orat. 94, where it seems to include exaggeration, as minutum iox parvum. Quint. 10. 1, 12 per abusionem sicarios etiam omnes vacamus quicaedem. tela quacunque commiserunt. Quint. 8. 6. 34 distinguishes abusio from iranslaiio or metaphor : abusio is employed, he says, when a thing has not a name, and the name of a similar thing is given it ; translaiio when one name is used instead of another : comp. 8. 2. 5. 2. Of contempt=fiv((Ti)pi(7jiids : Vulg. Ps. 30. 19 quae loqu- untur adversus iustumin abusione; Itala 2 Mace. 7. 39 acerbe ferens abusionem ipsius (see Ronsch S. B. p. g, where more instances are given). 3. Of misuse in general : Augustin. Doct. Christ, i. 4 usus inlicitus abusus potius vel abusio nominanda est ; Salv. Gub. Dei 8. 175 fin. Deum ineriiae ei abusionis et iniquitatis accusant. 4. Of degeneracy, degradation : Ps. Cypr. De duod. abusivis 2 secundus abusionis gradus est, etc. Abusivus. 1. Of an expression, wrongly applied. In rhetoric, of the use of a word in a sense not strictly belonging to it : Quint. 8. 6. ■^^poeiae solent abusive etiam in his rebus quibus nomina sua sunt vicinis potius uti; so also 9. 2. 35 ; so Ulp. Dig. 1.3. 2. i ; Dig. 47, 10. 15. 40; Serv. on Verg. passim; and elsewhere in later Latin, e. g. Paneg. Const. 4 abusiva appellatio. 2. Of a person, wrongly named.; Ps. Cypr. De duod. abusivis 6 abusivus Christianm. 3. In general sense, wrong: Amm. 24. 4. 18 abusive incusso ariete. 4. Subst. n. abusivum, an abuse : De duodecim abusivis, title of a work falsely attributed to Cyprian, Acalanthis, a small bird usually said to be the goldfinch : but Mr. W. W. Fowler thinks it was one of the warblers, willow or sedge : Verg. G. 3. 338 Utoraque alcyonen resonant, acalanthida dumi, Aeca Larentia is generally taken to mean the mother of the Lares, and Aeca to be an earth-goddess, identified in legend with the nurse of Romulus and Remus (Varro L. L. 6. 23 ; Ov. F. 3. 55). Aeca appears as a cognomen C. I. L. 4. 1550 (Pompeii), and C. I. L. 2. 2808 (Clunia Sulpicia in Tarraconensis). The following proper names seem to be connected with Acc-a: — Atcavus, nomen, I. R. N. 5342 (Interpromium) ; and elsewhere in 14 Accantito — Accensus. I, R. N. ; cognomen, Val. Max. 3. 20; Acceius, nomen, C. I. L, 6. 2198 (Rome) ; Accellius and Accellia, nomina, often in C. I. L. 5 (N. Italy); Accenna, nomen masc, C. I. L. 2. 1262 (Spain); Accius,ViOras,T\.. Acceia is explained in Gloss. Philox. as=ao-(ca\d^J7, a woodcock. Accantito, freq. from accanto, to sing in accompaniment : conj. by Ribbeck in Livius Andr. Tr. 9. Accede : the following special usages deserve notice. 1. Of additional payments : Plaut. Cure. 344 R et pro his decern accedunt minae ; Pars. 668 R pro vestimentis hue decern accedunl minae . . , Abscedent enim, non accedent; Cato R. R. 144. 5 accedit oleae salsae mod. V. ; Varro L. L 5. 183 usura quae accederet ad sortem. 2. Of an increased price : Plin. Ep. 6. 19. i scis tu accessisse pretium agris ; Col. 3. 21. 6 plurimum pretio accedit. 3. Of things in- cluded or given in in a purchase : Plaut. Epid. 472 Kfidicinam . . . atque etiam fides ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono graiiis ; Varro R. R. 2. 10. 5 accedere peculium in empiione solet; 2. 9. 6 cum accessissent gregibus canes sine pastoribus ; Cic. Agr. 2. 36 haec lege tribunicia decemviri vendent. Accedet eo mons Gaurus : accedent salicta ad Minturnas; Top. 100 sic nos ad id quod mancipio dare debuimtts, ornamenta quaedam voluimus accedere ; Tac. A. 1.73 quod effigies eius, ut alia numinum simulacra, venditionibus hortorum et domorum accedant; so Gaius Dig. 21. i. 32. 4. Met. of something in- cluded in a larger whole: Quint. 2. 2. 6 ilia quae in ornamenium operis accedunt (the accessories of Pheidias's statue) ; 12. 15. 18 non utique accedit parti quod universum est (is included in). Acceia, a woodcock or snipe : Gloss. Philox. acceia, do-zcaXa^Tj. Accensus, -i, one who is reckoned in addition : and so 1. In military language, a supernumerary or auxiliary : accensi velati, or the unarmed accensi, were originally assistants attached to the legion to take the place of the men who fell : Fest. p. 369 M. In the time of the empire there was a centuria accensorum velatorum, whose business was connected with keeping the roads in repair. Several sepulchral inscriptions to accensi velati are collected in C. I. L. 6. 1969 foil. Accensus velatus maximus (oldest) de via sacra, ib. 1974. In old times they may have been employed to make roads for the legions. Varro L. L. 5. 82 equites et accensos ; Plaut. ap. eund. L. L. 7. 58 ubi rorarii . . . ubi sunt accensi! (wrongly identified with the rorarii by Paul. p. 14 M); Liv. 8. 8. 8 tertium {vexillum) accensos ducebat. They would also appear to have waited upon the Accentio — Accentus. 15 oflScers of higher and lower rank : Varro Vita P. R. 3 (Non. p. 520) qui de adscriptivis, cum erant adtributi decurionibus ei centurioni- btis, qui eorum habent numerum, accensi vocabantur. Eosdem etiam quidam vacant fereniarios. Comp. Cato ap. Varr. L. L. 7. 59 accen- sos Cato ministratores esse scribit. 2. An attendant on one of the higher magistrates (not the censors) : to be distinguished both from the lictores (for one of whom the accensus may originally, in Momm- sen's opinion, have been meant as a substitute) and from the apparitores. No magistratus could have more than one accensus, who was often, though not always, his freedman (see Cic. Q. F. i. I. 4. 13): and the office oi accensus ceases when the magistratus gives up his functions. Accensi are mentioned in Varro L. L. 6. 88. 95 as summoning the comitia; by Aquilius 10 as calling the time of day during the sitting of the courts (Mommsen, Staatsrecht i. p. 280 foil.; Marquardt, Staatsverwaltung ii. p. 319 foil.). Sepulchral in- scriptions to accensi: C. I. L. 2. 4536 ; 6. 1934 {a. Caesaris, sheriflf of Caesar); ig^^ consularis; ^. 8142, ^^^4 patronorum, a patrono; 883, 3120 consulis ; 6. 1887 divo Vespasiano. Spelt adcensus, C. I. L. 6. 1966; accesus and accessus, ib. 1963, 1973. Accentio, properly a singing or sounding in accompaniment, but in usage opp. to succentio, as a higher note to a lower : Eulog. in Somn. Scip. ap. Orelli Cic. vol. 5. p. 409 acuii soni vehementius et citius percusso aere pulsantur : et ubi nimius incitatiorque pulsus est, accentio vocitatur: succentio vero, cum lenior tardiorque pul- satio est. Accentus, -us, properly a singing or sounding in accompani- ment. 1. In Grammar. (a) The musical accent, or pitch, given to a syllable = Greek Trpoo-mSia. Called by Nigidius Figulus voculatio (Gell. 13. 26. 3). Cicero Orator 58 speaks of vocem acutam {vox=note). Varro (see Gell. 18. 12. 8) seems to have used the word prosodia in sing, and pi. Whether he used accentus it is not easy to decide ; from the fragment edited by Wilmanns (De M.Terentii Varronis Libris Grammaticis) one can hardly infer it. Accentus is not quoted from any writer earlier than Quintilian (i. 5. 22), and may have been coined by Verrius Flaccus or Pliny. Diom. p. 430 K accentus est acutus vel gravis vel inflexa elatio ora- tionis, vocisve inientio vel inclinatio, acuta aut inflexo sono regens verba . . . Accentus est dictus ab accinenda, quod sit quasi quidam cuiusque syllabae cantus. Apud Graecas quaque idea irpoa-abia dicitur, quia Trpoa-aScTai rais avWa^ais ; Prisc. 2. p. 5^9 K accentus est certa 1 6 Acceptio — Acceres. lex et regula ad elevandam et deprimendam syllabam uniuscuiusque particulae oraiionis, qui fit ad similitudinem elemmtorum, litter arum sylldbarumque, qui etiam tripartita dividitur, acuta gravi circumflexo \ Mart. Cap, 3. 268 est accentus, ut quidam putant, anima vocis et seminarium musices, quod omnis modulatia ex fastigiis vocum gravi- tateque componitur, ideoque accentus quasi adcantus dictum est. See also Isid. Or. 1.17. It is held by some scholars (as by Seelmann tjber die Aussprache de's Latein) that the Latin accent was not a musical, but a stress accent. In support of this view is quoted Serv. in Don. p. 426 K accentus in ea syllaba est quae plus sonat . . . Jnvenimus . . . naturali ratiane illam syllabam plus sonare quae retinet accentum, atque usque eadem nisum vocis ascender e (= Pomp. p. 126 K). It is also urged that accentus is sometimes described as intentio : e.g. Cled. p. 32 K tria habet cognomenta accentus: out tani sunt aut tenor es sunt aut accentus, tani a sono, accentus ab acuendo, tenores ab inten- tione. But there is no real contradiction between these passages and the theory of a Latin musical accent. The higher note naturally sounds more or further; and the word intentio proves no more than the Greek rdi/os does with regard to the Greek accent. 2. Of quantity: Charis. p. 35 K in acceniu langa duo homines; Non. p. 50 M breviato accentu ; Cledon. p. 6 K ; Marius Plotius p. 451 K. So Dion. Thrax p. 107 Uhlig Suupovvrm 8e al irpotrmblai CIS T€a-(Tapa' els Tovovt, ils XP°^°^'> "^ irveijxaTa, els nadrj. 3. The mark or written indication of the accent: Diom. Prise. 11. cc. Sometimes extended to include the marks of quantity, the hyphen, the diastole, and apostrophus : Serg. De Ace. p. 482 K ; Prise. 1. c. ; al. Gramm. So Dion. Thrax p. 107 Uhlig. 4. In general, a tone, note : Solin. 5. 19 [tibias) milvinas quae in accentus exeunt acutissimos ; Fronto ad Ant. p. 158 Naber unam vocalem litteram multis et variis accentihus cantare. (In Amm. 16. 12. 36, 24. 4. 22, ancentus is probably right, not accentus : see s. v. ancentus). Acceptio, in a religious sense, initiation into: C. I. L. 6. 751 (Rome) anno XX Xa acceptianis suae; Arnob. g. 26 accepiiones sacrorum. Acceptor, one who approves : Plant. Trin. 204 R qui illorum verbis /akis acceptor fui; Tert. De Pat. 4; Apol. 28. 2 per sonar um acceptor; Oros. 7. 33. 18. (Ronsch S. B. p. 5.) Acceres, a sacrificial axe : Gloss. Philox. acceres, d^lvr, Upo^ivrov, as nXavToj; probably this word is meant in Paul. p. 10 M ' acieris' securis aerea qua in sacrifidis utuntur sacerdotes. Accerso — Arcesso. 1 7 Accerso, to summon : not to be confused with arcesso ^ The form accerso has good manuscript support in the following places, where it means to summon, call (comp. Prise. 2. p. 276 K vocaiiva quoqui, voco te, imploro, clamo, nomino, nuncupo, invoco, accerso^ : Plant. Aul. 613 R; True. 130 quo iter inceptas ? quis est quern accersis (so A); Most. 509 R vivom me accersunt Acheruntem mortui; Bacch. 424 ad malum accersebatur malum (so B) ; Rud. 1056 ahiisti hinc erum accersitum (so B) ; Ter. Eun. 510 iussit me ad se accersier; 592 accersitur lavaium interea virgo; Ad. 354 obstetricem accerse ; go^curnon domum Uxorem accersis ? And. 515. Cic. Cluent. 78 in aedes T. Annii . . . noctu Staienus accer situs ab Oppianico venit; Cat. 3. 6 item accersitus est L. Statilius et post eum C. Cethegus ; 4. 4 servitia exciiantur, Catilina accersitur ; Dom. 5 accersitum, revocalum conservandae rei public ae causa confiteris; Verr. 4. 76 optimum quemque et nobilissimum ad se accersebat; Dom. 94 omnium civium studiis desideratum, repetitum, accersitum ; Cluent. 27 accer sit sine causa puerum Teanum; Deiot. 13 vel rogatus ut amicus vel accersitus ut socius ; Sail. Cat. 40. 6 praeterea Gabiniutn accer sit, quo maior auctoritas sermoni inesset; I. 62. 4 Meiellus proper e cunctos senator ii ordinis ex hibernis accer si iubet; 109. 4 Sulla a Boccho occulte accersitur; 113. 4 postremo Sullam accer si iubet; 39. 2 ab sociis et nomine Latino auxilia accersere ; H. I. 48. 6 cum Etruriam coniurare, proscriptos accersi, largitionibus rem pub- licam lacerari videbam; Verg. A. 5. 746 (M. R.) socios; A. 6. 119 Manes accersere coniugis; perhaps G. 4. 224 tenues accersere vitas (R.) ; Liv. 10. 18. 7 ad collegam accersendum ex Samnio; 38. 30. i iam diu accersentibus Aegiensibus ac Lacedaemoniis ; Quint. 7. 3. 33 amicum accersierit trans mare; Tac. A. 12. 10; H. i. 31, 38. Met. Cic. Cael. 19 rivulus accersitus et ductus ab ipso capite accusa- tionis vestrae; Her. 2. Ep. i. 168 ex medio quia res accersit (so V., which has accessif); Petron. 37 longe accersere fabulas coepi {to hunt for conversation?); 139 me accer sito sermone lassasset (forced, far- fetched?); Quint. 2. 4. 31 accersunt verbosissimos locos (summon to their aid ?) ; 8.6.7 nihil horum suis verbis (magis') quam his accersitis.. {Accerso, not arcesso, is the reading of A in Plant. Pseud. 326, 663 R.) Arcesso, -is, -ivi, -itum, and in late Latin arcessio, -ire : so Cypr.Epist. 22. 2 and Itala several times (see Ronsch I. V. p. 284) ; it is, however, doubtful whether the fourth ,conjugational form should ever be introduced into the text of classical authors, though 1 This view has been anticipated by Professor A. S. Wilkins in the sixth volume of Hie Journal of Philology. C i8 Arcesso. arcessiri has good MS, authority in Liv. 3. 45. 3, Tac. H. r. 14, and is sometimes found in inferior MSS. of Caesar, Sallust, and olher classical writers; see Neue L. F. 2. p. 416. Inf pass. arcessier Caecil. 263 and elsewhere in Lat. 1. To send for, send to fetch ; both of persons and things ; very often in Latin. Plaut. Amph. 951 R Bkpharonem arcessat; Capt. 949; Bacch. 354 R ibit auruvi ar cesser e; Caecil. 263 quem contra amari, quern expeti, quem arcessier; Cato Orig. 4. 12 magislrum equitum arcessi; Cic. Rose. Am. 50 ab aratro arcessebantur qui consules fierent; ib. 76; Verr. Act. Pr. 25 quam ob rem arcesserentur . . . non venisse; and often in this sense in Cic. Note esp. Har. Resp. 24 quorum {ludorum) religio tania est ut ex ultimis terris arcessita in hac urle consederit; Verr. 5. 45 arcessere res iransmarinas \ 4. 115 sacra ab exteris nationibus asciia alque arcessita; Caes. G. 3. 9. 10 auxilia arcesse ex Britannia; G. 5. 11. j, fabros ex continenti; Sail. Cat. 52. 24 Gallorum gentem; H. 2. 72 argentum mutuum; and often in Sail. ; Fasti Praenest. (C. I. L. i. p. 316) arcessita Mater Magna ex lilris Sibullinis; Hor. i. Epist. 5. 6 si melius quid hales, arcesse, vel imperium fer. 2. Met. Plaut. Amph. 327 R a me sibi malam rem arcessit iumento suo; Cic. De Or. 2. 117 a capiie quod velimus arcessere; 3. 156 orationi splendoris aliquid arcessunt; Top. 39 id usque a capite arcessere; Verg. A. 10. 11 adveniet iustum pugnae {ne arcessite) iempus. Petron. 115 ad arcessendos sensus (getting his thoughts from a distance). So part. pass, arcessttus often = far-fetched : e.g. Cic. De Or. 2. 256 ne arcessiium dictum videatur, and several times in Quint. Vel. Longus p. 78 K uses arcessitus of an unnecessary letter : in ' abstinente ' s arcessiium est. 3. As legal t. t. arcesso means to summon to trial, often (like accuso) with gen. of the charge on which the person is summoned : Corn. Her. I. 18 arcessit capitis; Cic. De Off. 2. 51 capitis arcessere; so Deiot. 30; Sail. I. 32. i ; 73. 5; and often in the historians; met. Nigid. ap. Gell. 19. 14. 8 inscitiae. 4. In Christian language, of the summons to die : Cypr. Epist. 22. 2 quos Dominus in tantatribu- latione arcessire dignatus est. [A distinction was drawn by some grammarians between arcesso and accerso, to the effect that arcesso meant to accuse, and was derived from arceo =zprohibeo ; accerso to call or invite, and was derived from accio. So Caper De Verb. Dub. p. 107 K; Agroecius, p. 114 K; Charis. p. 256 K; Papirianus ap. Cassiod. p. 164 K. Terentius Scaums, p. 26 K, mentions this theory, but to reject it, and adds nobis, utcumque scribendum, adeandem signi- ficalionem videntur pcrtinere ; comp. Velius Longus, p. 71 ; Gloss, ap. Accessa — Aceessio. 19 Mai CI. Auct. 6 arcesco arceo (probably arcesso). It seems probable that the words were different, accerso meaning to call, invite, arcesso to go and fetch, but that owing to the great similarity of meaning and form, they were often confused as early as the second century a. d. Accerso e.g. is hardly ever found in the sense of to accuse, though good MSS. of Sail. I. 32. i give it thus, and rarely also good MSS. of other authors. Is it possible that arcesso is from arceo in the sense of to confine, and means originally to go and seize, lay hands upon .? It generally has the meaning of bringing with one. Accerso is connected by Lottner and Johann Schmidt with Slavonic kris- = excitare : Schmidt, Zur Geschichte des Indogermanischen Vokalis- mus, I. p. 18. Mr. Wilkins connects it with Sanskr. karsh — (i) to plough, (2) to draw along.] The supine of accerso is accersUum Ter. And. 515 ; the fourth conj. forms accersiri and accersiendtis are found in inferior MSS. of Sail. I. 62. 4; Liv. 10. 18. 7 ; and in Tac. H. I. 14 Med. has accersiri; but they are probably unsound, and formed on the analogy of arcessio. Accessa, -ae, the flood-tide: Serv. A. i. 246. Aceesslblliter = (in logical sense) accidentally as opp. to sub- stantially : Claud. Mam. De Stat. An. 3 ad init. virtus in Deo et in homine ita differens, quod illic suhstantialiter, hie accessibilHer. Aceessio as a technical term in business (see accedo). 1. Something included, or given in, in a transaction of buying and seDing : Cato R. R. 144. 5 accessiones ; Cic. Verr. 3. 76, 83, 116, 117 tritici modium XXI et accessionis IIS MM ; tritici modium V et accessionem ; multi cogehantur IIS singulos semis accessionis dare ; Col. I. 7. 2 in lignis et ceteris parvis accessionibiis exigendis'; Dig. 22 has the title De Accessionibus, including usurae &T\A/ructus. 2. Phrase in accessionem venire, to be given in: Sen. Ep. 87. 18. 3. Met. a mere appendage, accessory ; Liv. 45. 7. 2 Syphax aceessio belli Punici erat, sicut Geniius Macedonici ; Perseus caput belli er at; Val. Max. g. 7. i nee aceessio gloriosae illius pompae, sed auctor spectatus erat; Plin. 33. 5 aurun iam aceessio est; Sen. Ep. 87. i8 (domini) accessiones illorum (patrimoniorum) et appendices sunt; Tac. Hist. 3. 13 octo nimirum legiones unius elassis accessionem fore; C. I. L. 6. 2080 b. 47 ealator sacerdotis est aceessio (Rome, 1 20 a.d.) ; Velius Longus, p. 48 K accessionis loco. 4. In law, (a) aceessio temporis = an additional period, the period of time reckoned in order to make up the year required to get the benefit of the inter- dictum utrubi : Gaius 4. 151. The/w«wor was sometimes allowed c 2 20 Aecidia — Accubitum. to add to his own period oipossessto that of the person from whom he had acquired, in order to make up the necessary year. (b) Accessio oUigationis, Gains 3. 126, an obligation accessory to another and principal ohligatio, as that of the adstipulator and sponsor: comp. Dig. 44. 7. 44. 3; 45. i. 91. 4- Aecidia, sc. : see Acedia. Aecido: the older form accedo is preserved Enn. Tr. 114, 281 {accedissef) ; Varro Parmeno 10; Lucr. 2. 1025; 5. 609; Liv. 21. 10. 12 ; see on this point Ribbeck's Prolegomena to Vergil, p. 416. Aceipere sacra, to be initiated into rites : Lamprid. Hel. 7 ; Ap. M. II. 21 ; perhaps this use was in Vergil's mind when he wrote (E. 4. 1 5) ilk deum vitam accipiet. Acclinatio, a place of rest : Ambros. in Ps. 118. Aeclinatorium, the head of a couch : Ambros. Virg. 3. 5. 21. Aeco, cogn. masc, C. I. L. 2. 2734 (Segovia in Tarraconensis) ; 2. 937 (Caesarobriga in Lusitania); nomen masc, C. I. L. 6. 2583 (Rome); name of the chief of the Senones, Caes. G. 6. 4. 44. Accomm6dativus, of a preposition, = bearing the sense of 'suited to': Prisc.i.p.37K('o3' invenitur) loco 'pro' velKora Graecae, cum accommodativa sunt; the example given being oh meritum. Accongero, conjectured by Camerarius in Plant. True. 113 R: thereading of A, however, accepted by recent edd.,is dona meadegessi. Aeeorp6ro (adc-), to join closely to : Solin. 37. 8 {sagada) carinis ita tencuiter adcorporatur, ut nisi abrasa parte ligni aegre separetur; met. to incorporate; Amm. 16. 8. 11 ut damnatorum petita bona suis adcorporarent; Cod. Theod. 16. 5. 30 pr. (domibus) fisco nostra accorporandis. Acciibitaris, suited to a couch : Edict. Diocl. 16. 9. Aceubito, -as, to recline at : Sedul. Carm. Pasch. Prol. 2 dig- natus nostris accubitare toris. Aceubitor, one who reclines near : Porphyr. Hor. i. Epist. 18. 10 accuhitoris amici. Accubitorium, a building for funeral feasts: Inscr. Orell. 451 1 (falsely spelt accumbitorium). Acciibitum, subst. n., a semi-circular couch for dining : Lamprid. Heliog. 19. 9; 25. 2; Schol. Juv. 5. 17 apud veteres accubitorum usus non erat, sed in lectulis discumbentes manducabant. Tres autem leciuli erant in quibus discumbebant, unde hodieque tri- clinia appellantur. (The triclinium consisted of three couches at Acciirro — Acer. a i right angles to each other ; the accubitum or o-i'y/ia was a semi- circular couch made to suit a round table : Marquardt Alt. 7. p. 298.) Aecurro: of the spelling {adc- or ace-) Lucil. says (9. 25) ' accurrere ' scribas D ne an C, non est quod quaeras neve labores. AccusatiTUS : 1. casus ace, in Grammar, the accusative case ; a translation of the Greek aiViai-iici) Trrmo-is : Varro L. L. 8. 67 ; ib. 66 he calls it casus accusandi. According to another translation of ainartK^ the case was also called causativus: Prisf. i. p. 185 K accusaiivus sive cattsativus : accuso hominem, et in causa hominem facio. The explanation is probably wrong, TrrSCTif aiTiaTiKrj having been taken to mean the cause of causation, the case which expresses an effect. (The ed. princeps of Charis. p. 1 7 K has also causativus, but the known MSS. incusativus^ 2. Accusativa praepositio, a prep, governing the accusative: Isid. Or. 1. 12; al. later Gramm. Accuso is spelt accusso in Lex lul. Mun. C. I. L. i. 206. 120. Acedia (aKijduj), sometimes wrongly spelt accidia, sloth, in- dolence : Cassian. Inst. \o de acediae spiritu; and elsewhere. Acedlor, -aris, to be languid, slothful: hence, to be wearied with a thing: Vulg. Sirach. 6. 26 ne acedieris vinculis eius; ib. 22. 16 non acediaberis in stultitia eius. Acellasia, nomen. fem.: C. I. L. 5. 2634 (Este in N. Italy). Acellius and Acellia, nomina: C. I. L. 6. 1057. vi. 107 (Rome, 205 A.D.); I. R. N. 4890 (Telesia). Acephalus, -a, -um, Latin writing of the Greek dKe(f>aKos: properly, headless : hence in Gramm. = a mutilated verse. Of a hexameter: Mar. Victor, p. 67 K, who gives as an instance fltrviorum rex Eridanus, where there is a syllable too rnuch; also Mar. Plot. Sac. p. 452 K, of a verse at the beginning of which a short syllable is lengthened, as reliquias Danaum. Of an iambic verse wanting its initial syllable: Mar. Vict. pp. 135, 137; so of a trochaic, as being an iambic minus its first syllable, Ter. Maur. p. 395 K v. 2349; ib. V. 2420. Acer, -is, subst. n. (but fem. ace. to Prise, i. p. 151 ; 233 K; on what authority Prise, speaks is not clear) : gen. aceris, though Serv. quoted by Prise, would wish a gen. aceri. Mr. Haverfield quotes Fragm. Bob. de Nomine (Gramm. Lat. Keil 5. p. 559) licet qui- busdam ' kaec acerus' nominafivo did debere placeat. The maple- tree: its different kinds described by Plin. 16. 66 foil.; its uses in covering things made of other material, ib. 231, 33. 146. The second kind mentioned by Plin. as crispo macularum discursu may 22 Acer. be the one meant by Ov. (M. lo. 95) acergue coloribus impar. Used for writing-tablets: Ov. Am. i. 11. 28 nuper vile fuistis acer. Acer, fem. acris, n. acre, but also masc. acris Enn. A. 369; Cels. 8. 4; Col. 12. 17. 2: fem. acer Naev. Pun. 67 acer hiemps; so Enn. A. 406 ; see Prob. Inst. p. 64 K. Prob. Cath. i. p. 13 K mentions a neuter acer; Cn. Matius is said by Charis. i. p. 117 K to have used acrum for acreni; and Prob. App. p. 197 K says acre non acrum. Is acra abl. fem. sound in Pallad. 9. 5. 3 ? Comp., sup. acrtor, acerrimus; adv. acriler, acrius, acerrivie. 1. Sharp, piercing, in various applications. (a) Of a weapon : Lucil. 13. i acribus armis ; Tac. G. 6 angusto et hrevi ferro, sed ita acri, etc. (b) Of things affecting the senses. Of cold : Naev. Pun. 67 acer hiemps; so Enn. A. 406; Lucr. 4. 260 acrefrigus; 6. 373 confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres ; 3. 20 acri pruina; Hirt. B. G. 8. 5 acernmas tempestates (of winter). Of heat: Lucr. 6. 850 acri sole; 5. 906 acrem flammam; i. 650 acrior ardor; Catull. 45. 17 ignis acrior ardet in medullis; Sail. H. 3. 32 si quas aedes ignis cepit acriter; Verg. G. i. 93 rapidive poteniia solis Acrior; Phn. 14. 77 acri sole; met. Tac. H. 2. 86 acerrimam belli facem praeiulit. In Hor. 2. S. 4. 59 acri stomacho is said by Orelli to = aestuanti (rightly ?) ^- Of what affects the taste, sour : Plaut. Bacch. 404 (met.) sitne aceto iibi cor acre i7tpectore; Cato R. R. 104. i. 2 acris aceti, acerrimum acelum; 157. i amaro et acri; ib. 2 acerrima brassica; Hor. 2. S. 8. 7; Plin. ir. 39, and elsewhere; so Cels. 2. 21. 22 al. Acrid: Lucr. 3. 503 acer corrupti corporis umor; Cic. N. D. 2. 59 umores nimis acres aut nimis concreti. Of sound, loud, shrill: Plaut. Cist. i. i. 109 acriter inclamare aliquem (or does this = severely ?) ; Lucr. i. 257 acri cum fremitu (of wind); 3. 954 voce increpat acri (or is this = severe?); Corn. Her. 3. 21 acri clamor e si compleantur arteriae; Verg. G. 4. 409 acrem flammae sonitum; perhaps acres arcus A. 7. 164, 9. 665 may mean sharp-sounding. Hor. i. C. 12. i acri tibia (shrill); Quint. 9. 4. 92 acres syllabae quae ex brevibus ad longas insurgunt; opp. lenis. Of a voice: ib. 11. 3. 162, 178. Of smell, strong, pungent: Lucr. 6. \zo^ profluvium . . . sanguinis acre; i. 123 odorem acreni {ss, oi absinthium) ; so6. 1217; S.'j^'j acri sulpure; *jgi acrinidore offendit nares. Of what affects the sight, dazzling : Lucr. 4. 709 ut non sint aliis quaedam magis acria visu; 4. 329 splendor . . . ' Lactuca innatat acri Post vimim stomacho. Perhaps the true reading Is acris (i. e. lactuca). Acer. 23 acer adnrit Saepe oculos ; Sen. N. Q. i. 14. 2 color es . . . ruloris acerrimi. Of a searching, penetrating force: Lucr. 3. 252 neque acre Permanare malum {potest). 2. Of attention, judgment, thought, vision, sense; keen, penetrating: Cic. N. D. 2. 42 acerrimo sensu et mobilitate praeditum; ib. 18 acriorem et divinam mentem; Lucr. 2, 1041 acri ludicio perpende; Cic. Fin. i. 57 acri animo atqtu attento; Flacc. 26 intentis oculis acerrime contemplari ; Tusc. 4. 38 acrem aciem intendere; De Or. 3. 17 in acerrtma atque intentissima cogitatione ; Pis. 68 acriier intelkgens; Plane. 66 populi Romani ... oculos esse acris atque acutos; Cat. i. 8 vigilare cu:rius . . , quam te; Flacc. 103 acriorem improborum inter- dum memoriam essesentio quam bonorum; Quint. 12. lo. 20 iudicium acre tersumque; ib. 76 iudicium acrius; Tac. H. 3. 48 acriier spsculari; A. i. 5 acres ■custodiae ; 11. 21 acn' ingenio. 3. Of character; (a) sharp, keen, acute, clever: Plaut. Bacch. 371 R Bacchae sunt acerrumae; Men. 595 R acerrumi testes; G. Gracchus xxxiv. 10 (Meyer) ii vel aterrumi sunt; Quint, i. 4. 25 praeceptor ac-er atque suhtilis. (b) In a good sense, severe, strict: Cic. Verr. A. P. 30 ex acerrima ilia equestri familia et disciplina; Rose. Am. 8g acerrimo iudice; ib. 11 acria ac sever a indicia; Vatin. 29 lex acerrima; Cat. 3. 13 sententiae acerrimue et fortissimae; Tac. H. 2. 77 acriore disciplina . . . agunt (of military discipline). 4. Of sickness, distress, pain, torment, fear, desire, passion ; (a) keen, piercing, violent, severe : Naev. Trag. 40 acrem acrimoniam; Plaut. Bacch. 538 R aegritudo acerruma; 628 mala acria atque acerba; Men. 872 R acrem morbum (in Trin. 540 the reading is doubtful); Corn. Her. 2. 29 acerrima formido; Varro Ai. Stram. acre aeger; Lucr. 3. 65 acris egestas ; 6. 658 acer dohr; so 4. 716 (and Verg. A. 7. 291; II. 709); 6. I2I2 meius his incesserat acer (so Verg. A. I. 362) ; 5. 45 cuppedinis acres Curae; 3. 461 acres curas (so Verg. G. 3. 538); Cic. Verr. 4. 39 cupiditas hoc etiam acrior aique in- sanior; Vi^.^o acerrime fur ere; Clu. \*2^ tormentorum acerriinorum ; Rose. Am. 37, Cat. i. 3 acre supplicium; Verr. 5. 142 caedtmt acerrime virgis; Rose. Am. 12, Verr. i. 11 acerrime vindicare; Lucr. 5. 1148 acrius se ulcisci; 6. 72 ut ex ira poenas petere inbibat acris ; Cic. Sull. 52 quae nox omnium, coniurationis temporum acerrima fuit atque acerbissima, the cruellest, hardest; Tac. A. 2. ^•■^populus . . . acrius doluit. (b) Also in good or neutral sense : Cic. Arch. 28 amor gloriae; Mar. 46 studium; Phil. 12. 7 libertatis recuperandae cupiditatem. 5. Severe, cruel, angry: (a) Plaut. Rud. 70 24 Acer. acerrumum signum Ardurus; Ter. Ph. 262 knem patrem ilium factum esse acerrimum; Lucr. 3. 311; 5- 399; 6. 753 tra acris; CatuU. 83. 5 acrior quae mulio est res, Irata est; Lucr. 6. 1184 furiosus voltus et acer; 3. 289 ex oculis micat acribus ardor; 3. 741 acrisviolentia; g. 87; 6. 62 dominos acris adsciscunt; 3. 294 acria corda Iracundaque mens ; 6. 392 documen mortalibus acre ; Cic. Verr. I. 77 acerrimum testimonium (most wounding, damaging); Corn. Her. 3. 27 acri aspectu; Tac. A. 4. 6 acri annona (severe prices): 15. 68. acrem memoriam (biting, stinging). (b) Of poison, deadly: Lucr. 4. 637 al. ; Sail. I. 89. 4 vis serpentum. 6. Of action, feeling, character, force, movement: strong, vigorous, vehement, ardent, active (very often of a battle or contest, or of those who take part in it) : (a) Plaut. Bacch. 471 R quae acerrume aestuosa absorbet; Amph. 1113 R angttis acrius persequi; Trin. 723 acrem . . .fugitorem (comp. Verg. G. 3. 141 acri Carper e prata fugd); Enn. A. 369 somnus {mortales) mollissimus perculit acris (strikes them strongly?); Trag. 26 acrem aciem (gallant army?); Ter. Ph. 346 prima coitio acerruma (the first round is the sharpest) ; Cato Or. 5. 4 acerrume qui advorsus eos dicit; Afran. 309 conicere arma inter sese acrius; Ace. ■^20 acris incursio; Corn. Her. 3. 23 contentio est or alio acris; 2. 49 acriter et criminose et diligenter exponere; Lucr. I. 70 acrem Inritat animi virtutem; Cic. Sest. 45 virfortis et acris animi magnique ; Mil. 2gcum . . . se . . . acri animo defenderet ; Sail. I. 7. 4, 28. 5 ingenium; L 27. 2, 43. i vir ; Lucr. 6. 128 vis eius {procellae) et impetus acer; Cic. Verr. 2. 159 acerrimum impetum; so Phil. 14. 26; Lucr. 5. 625 acres hnminui supter vires; I. 246 dum satis acris Vis obeat pro textura cuiusque reperta; 2. 954 minus oblato (uriter ictu; i. 922 acri Percussit thyrso laudum spes magna meum cor; Corn. Her. 2. 29 acerrimus inimicus; Cic. Att. 2. 21. 2 acer in /err 0; Att. 10. i. 4 acerrime bellum par are; Att. I. 10. 4 acrem amatorem; 13. 37. 2 acerrime litigare; Q. F. I. 2. 16 acerrimos cives (keen, warm in the cause); Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15. 6. 3 acerrima consilia opp. to inertissima; Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 31. 5 acrius aut pugnacius nihil hac legione; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8. 15. i acrior in rebus gerendis nemo; Cic. Att. 10. 16. 2 acerrime adservabimur ; Att. i. 16. i actiter et vehementer proeliatus sum. (b) Often in Cic. of the parties in a contest of any kind : Prov. Cons. 33 acerrimae nationes = most warlike. Often coupled with vehemens, audax, and the like : Clu. 67 homine . . . ad efficiendum acerrimo; Agr. 2. 82 acres, ad vim prompti; Phil. 10. 16 acerrimi Caesaris actorum patroni (keen). (c) Of a Ac^ratus — Aeerbatio. 2.5 war or battle: Cic. Balb. 5. 14. 40; Mur. 34; so Caes. certamen, concursus, defensor; Sail, often in the same connexions; Verg. often as an epithet of warriors, = keen, spirited, alert, gallant ; mostly abs., sometimes with armis; Veil. i. 3. i acer belli; Tac. H. 2. 5 militiae. (d) Quint, very often of a vehement manner or style in a speaker or pleader. (e) Tac. G. 37 regno Arsacis acrior est Germanorum liberlas ; A. 13. go acri etiam tumpopuli R. libertate (vigorous, alive) ; so Tac. has acerrima ministeria, vigor animi acer, acres vires; H. 3. 51 acrior apud maiores sicut vir- iutibus gloria, ita flagitiis paenitentia fuit (stronger, more active) ; A. 6. 17 acribus initiis,}ncurioso fine; so elsewhere opp. to remissus, desidia; G. 29 acrius animantur; H. i. 54 eadem acrius volvens (considering more keenly, effectively ?) ; and often in Tac. f. Tac. often of contests and rivalry; note A. 14. 28 acrior e ambitu comitia exarserant. 7. Of animals : spirited, keen, sharp ; Cato R. R. 124 canes acrior es ut sint (more vigilant, keen): so Varro R. R. i. 21; Cic. Rose. Am. 56. Of horses, spirited: Lucil. 30. 60; Lucr. 4. 420. Verg. has it of dogs, horses, wild boars, and wolves (G. 3. 264. 405 ; E. 10. 56 ; A. 8. 3). Of lions : Lucr. 5. 862 ; Corn. Her. 4. 62. Generally : Plin. 16. 183 nee omni- bus adipes carnesve largae, sicuti nee animalium acerrimis. 8. Of style or quality in eloquence: telling, pungent: Quint. 6. 3. 57 acrior a . . . sunt et elegantiora quae trahuntur ex vi rerum ; 8. 3. 89 acre, ut illud Crassi, ' ego te consulem putem, cum tu me non putes senator em?' comp. 9. 3- 71; 9. 4-139 cum debeant acria currere, delicatafluere; Tac. A. 16. 22 Eprium acri eloquentia (biting). 9. In medicine, acre remedium, acris curatio = a strong, drastic remedy : Cic. Clu. 67 acrioribus remediis; Cels. 6. 6. 14 acria medicamenia are opp. to tenia (in this place apparently with the notion of pungent taste); ib. 6. 6. i minus acrem curationem. 10. Adv. acerrime, in a reply as a slang form of assent : Plant. Pseud. 364 R Per nicies adulescentuni . . . Acerrume. Aceratus, -a, -um {acus\ mixed with chaff: Paul. p. 20- M aceratum lutum, etc.: (so perhaps Gloss, ap. Lowe p. 136 acerata farra; ex coni. H. N.). Acerbas, n. p. of Dido's uncle: lustin. 18. 4. 5-8. (Li Verg. larbas.) Aeerbatio, -onis, subst. fern, abstr. from acerbare, an embitter- ing, embitterment : Cypr. Epist. 45. 2 quae fuerant . . . acer- baiionibus criminosis congesta. 26 Aeeruntia — Acisculus. Aceruntia (not Ac/i-), name of a town in Lucania : C. I. L. 9. 417 (where see Mommsen); Hor. 3. C. 3. 14. Hence Aceruniini, the inhabitants of Aceruntia. Acerusa, name of a town in Campania: I. R. N. 3571. Aeervus, in logic ; not (as the dictionaries say) the argument sorites, which Cicero (Div. 2. 11) calls acervalis argumentatio, but the heap by which the argument is illustrated: Hor. 2. Ep. i. 47 ; Pers. 6. 80; comp. Cic. Acad. 2. 49. Acetabiilus, collateral masculine form of acetabulum : Apic. 6. 241 ac. maiorem, minor em. Acetaferum, word invented to explain acetabulum : Isid. Or. 20. 4. 12. Aceto, -as, to turn sour : late Latin. Gloss. Cyrill. o|ifa), aceto. AeetSsus, sour: Apic. i. 2 acetoso liquamine (Archiv). Acheron or Aeheruns: in Liv. 8. 24. 11 Acheros; ace. -unta or -onta, loc. -unti, abl. -unte ; generally masc, but fem. Plaut. Capt. 999. The Greek quantity is Acheron ; but in obedience to the Latin accentuation {Acheron) the older poets Plautus and En- nius generally lengthen the first syllable; so Plaut. Capt. 689, 998, 999 R; Merc. 606 R; Most. 484 L; Enn. Trag. 278; so Acher- unsius Enn. Trag. 107; Acherunticus Plaut. Bacch. 198 R; Merc. 290; Mil. 626 Rib.; Goetz and Scholl always write Accheruns, Accherunticus, etc., and this spelling is given by B in Capt. 525 ; Lucr. always adopts the Greek scansion, perhaps from metrical necessity. (So Ppaxlav became bracchium. Havet attributes the lengthening of the first syllable to the influence of the ch}f Achromos {axpj adductum et D 2 3^ Adelphasium — Adhibgo. qiMsi virile servitium ; H. 3. 7 adductius -quam civili bello imperilabal; G. 44 Goioms regnaniur, paulo iam adductius quam ceterae Germatw- ru?ii genles. 2. Forcible: Auson. Grat. Act. 14. 64 (p. 369 Peiper) nemo adductius spicula cofttorsit. 3. Reserved: Tac. A. 14. 4 modo familiaritaie iuvenili Nero, et rursus adductus. 4. Of style, close, terse : Plin. Ep. i. 16. 5 pressior et circuniscriptior et adductior. Adelphaslum, n. p., of woman : Plaut. Poen. Adeo (verb) : perfect usually adii, but adivi Apul. M. 8. i ; Auson. Epist. g. 48 (p. 228 Peiper); adivisii Med. in Cic. Fam. 6. 2. 2. Adi=adii, Val. Fl. g. 502 ; adisii—adiisti, Plaut., Cic, Verg., Stat. Adit=adiit, Mon. Anc. g. 16, and poets of the first cent, a.d., also Tac. A. 15. 5; in subj. adierit is common; adissem, adisses, adissemus, adtssent, are found in Cic, Liv., Stat., Mart. Adieset, adiesent, old forms of past subj., C. I. L. i. 196 (S. C. De Bacana- libus) ; adiese of perf. infin. ib. 3rd pers. sing. pres. indie, adit, Plaut. Cas. prol. 41; imper. adi, Plaut. Mil. 1032 Rib.; pres. inf. pass. adirier, Enn. Tr. 407. According to Verrius Flaccus (Paul. p. 19 M) the verb adeo was to be distinguished from the adv. by the accent, the verb being pronounced ddeo, the adv. ad^o. But it is very doubtful whether a rule of this kind was more than a scholar's invention. Adeps : adipes non alipes, Probus App. p. 199 K, probably the Greek a\ci(j>ap abbreviated under the influence of the accent ; the fat of non-ruminating animals, opp. to sebum; Plin. ii. 212 cornigera una parte dentata et quae in pedibus talos habent sebo pin- guescunt, bisulca scissisve in digitos pedibus et non cornigera adipe. Concretus hie, et cum refrixit, fragilis, semperqtte in fine carnis. Contra pingue inter carnem cutemque suco liquidum . . . Adeps cunctis sine sensu, quia nee arterias habet nee venas. Adhabito, to Uve near : Gloss. Cyrill. irpoaoiRm, adhabito, accolo. Adhibeo. 1. To call in, bring in (for advice, assistance, or the like) : abs., with ad, in and ace, and dat. (a) Plaut. Persa 596 R amicum adhibere ubi quid g eras \ Ter. Ph. 714 adhibere testes ; so Varro L. L. 6. 8 1 ; Cic. Att. 2.4.7 adhibeas Vettium ; N. D. 2. 69 adhibetur ad partus Diana ; so often in Cic, who constantly uses the word with ace. in apposition, adhibere aliquem arbitrum, testem, adiutorem, patronum, etc.; Caes. G. i. 20 fratrem adhibet; I. 40 ad id consilium adhibitis centurionibus ; 7. 83 locorum peritos adhibent; Sail. I. 113. 3; Verg. A. 8. 56 adhibe socios castris; so Adhibdo. 37 Eiv. I. 7. 12 ; Vitruv. 9. 3. 18, and other writers often. (b) With abstract subst., equivalent to a person, Cell. 19. 5. 3 adhiiebat nobis auctoritates nolilium medicorum. (c) Of things, Caes. C. 2. 8 ad- hibita seller tia (with the aid of) ; Tac. A. 14. 4 «/ occultando f acinar i nox adhiberetur. 2. Of hospitality. (a) To invite : Nep. Praef. 7. adh. in convivium ; Verg. A. 5. 62 adh. epulis; Quint. 11. 2. 12 cenae; Tac. H. 2. 68 ad epulas. (b) To entertain: Cic. Q. F. I. I. g quos ego universos adhibui liberaliter ; Verr. 5. 70 tit is viciu ceierisque rebus quam liberalissime commodissimeque adhibe- retur. (c) Met. to treat: Cic. Att. 10. 12. 3 Quintum filium severius adhibebo. 3. To bring in, call in something addi- tional : Metellus Macedonicus (Meyer Or. R. Fragm. p. 161) di immor tales virtutem adprobare, nan adhibere debent (to approve merit already existing, not to give an additional supply); Lucr. 5. 229 nee cuiguam adhibenda est Almae nutria's blanda atque infracta loguella; Varro R. R. 2. i. 4 lacte adhibitum ad cibum; Lucr. i. 778 primordia gignundis in rebus oportet Naturam clandestinam caecamque adhibere; Cic. Fin. 3. 19 quasi prima elementa naturae, quibus ubertas orationis adhiberi vix potest; Tusc. 5. 99 ad panem adhiberi quicquam ; Quint. 5. 13. 5 illae . . . apud Caesarem . . . actiones, etiamsi precibus utuntur, adhibent et patrocinia ; Tac. A. 14. 53 ego quid aliud munificentiae tuae adhibere potui quam studia . . . in umbra educata ? (which Nipperdey takes as = add to, contribute in addition to). 4. To bring to, put to, put on : Ov. M. 9. 216 genibus manus; Fast. 3. 293 vincula capto; Gell. 15. 17 tibias cum ad os adhibuisset. 5. To employ, use, apply, abs., with dat., and with ad. (a) Sacra ap. Varr. L. L. 7. 84 ne quid scor- teum adhibeatur; Plant. Poen. 1317 R adhibere tympanum; Varro L. L. 6. 18 (of a religious rite) e caprifico adhibent virgam; 5. 61 (aqua et ignis) in nuptiis adhibentur; Lucr. 3. 1019 at mens sibi conscia /act is Praemetuens adhibet stimulos ierretque flagellis ; Cic. Dom. 36 ne qua calumnia . . . fraus . . . dolus adhibeatur; Sest. 135 medicinam adhiberetis reipublicae : cum sanae parti corporis scal- pellum adhibetur; Phil. 11. 6 supplicii adhibendi ; Agr. 2. 47 adhi- beant manus vectigalibus vesiris : with vim often in Cic. ; Verg. G. 3. 455 medicas adhibere manus ad vulnera; Quint, i. 10. 20 epulis fides ac tibias adhibere, and often elsewhere in Quint., who has e. g. adhibere actionibus plus cultus, modum rei, probationes causae, musicam rationem saltationi, and often abs. (b) Of an action or proceeding : Cic. Fam. 4. 3. 3 consolationem adh.; N. D. i. 113 adhibetur titillatio sensibus; Phil. 14. 34 utinam . . . aliqua talis eis 38 Adhortativus — Adiecticius, adhiberi posset or alio qua deponereni maerorem ; Mur. 74 deleniendis animis et adhibendis voluptatihus ; N. D. i. 3 dis cultus, honores, preces; ib. 112 odores ad Decs, so very often in Quint., e.g. i. 10. 32 illiquae adhibetur infantibus adlectationi. So commonly in Latin. 6. Of conduct, feeling, and the like, to bring to bear on a thing, to exhibit : Plaut. Men. 983 R id si adhibeam (that conduct) ; Caecil. 247 si confidentiam adhibes ; Plaut. Most. 227 L adhibet parsimoniam ; Rud. lo^'^fidem ; Ace. 510 adhibeant faventiam ; Cic. Fam. 4. 6. i adliibuisti dolorem animi; Fam. 5. 6. i adhibui diligentiam \ Fam. 13. 6 adhibet officium erga illos; Q. F. 3. 8. 3 virtute et gravitate Caesar is, quam in summo dolor e adhibuisset ; so Caes. G. 3. 20 diligentiam; C. i. 37 adhibita celeritate; elsewhere he has adhibere crudelitatem, diligentiam, genus praedandi, laborem, misericordiam, modum, sapientiam, and so other good writers; Nep. Epam. 7. 2 nullam adhibuit memoriam contumeliae ; Liv. 4. 44. ^ plus artis quam fidei. Se adhibere = to behave oneself {npoacfx'pea^Bm), Cic. Q. F. i I. 22. 7. To turn towards, lend, apply, of the eyes, ears, mind, and the like : Plaut. Stich. 103 R vostrum animum adhiberi volo; Cas. 2. 8. 39 aures sunt adhibendae mihi; Lucil. 29. 116 animos attendere dictis Atque adhibere ; Lucr. i. 51 auris animumque sagacem . . . adhibe veram ad rationem ; Cic. Har. Resp. 20 adhibete animos et mentes vestras, non solum aures ; Arch. 5 quorum alter res ad scribendum maximas, alter cum res gestas tum etiam studium atque aures adhibere posset; Ov. Am. 2. i. 37 adhibete ad carmina vtiltus. 8. Adhibere fidem alicui, to give credence to; Papin. Dig. 17. I. 1 placitis; Ulp. ib. 48. 18. i quaestioni; Auson. Epist. 16 (p. 228 Peiper) si qua fides falsis unquam est adhibenda poetis. Adhortativus modus, a tenth mood, the hortative, added by some grammarians to the list of moods, Diom. p. 338 K. Adhortatorius, adv. adhorlatorie, in the tone of advice ; Alcim. Ep. 1 6 adhorlatorie potius quam aspere. Adiclo : the first syllable is long in Verg. A. 8. 304 ; Ov. A. A. 3. 7 ; short in Stat. Theb. 7. 4 ; Mart. 4. 54. 9, 10. 82. i. Adiectamentum, an addition, appendage; Charis. p. 160 K (conj. Fabricius for obiectamenta) ; lavolenus Dig. 50. 16. 242. Adieetieius. 1. Additional: Cassiod. Var. 11. 8. 2. In Grammar, adjectival: Charis. Exc. p. 533 K, where the word is applied to substantives like frugi, used as epithets, as distin- guished from adjectives proper like magnus, which are there called consequentes. Adiectio — Adinventio. 39 Adiectio, -onis. 1. An addition : Liv. i. 30. 6 rem Ro- manam adieclione populi Albani auctam; Vitiuv. 3. 5. 7 suae partis adiectionem ; ib. 10 praef. 2, of additional expense : adieciione dimidia ant ampliore ; 6. 2. 4 delradiones aut adiecliones ; in Vitruv. often in pi. opp. to detractiones \ Sen. Ep. 109. 9 calor non adiuvatur adieciione caloris ; Quint, i. 5. 14 opp. to detraclio; Tac. H. i. 78 Hispa- liensibus ei Emeritensihus familiarian adiecliones (enrolment of new families) ; Suet. Tib. 26 unius ligae adi. ; often in Scaurus De Orth. ; Symmach. Epist. 6. 9 decern pedum adiectio (additional space). 2. In Rhet., the addition or repetition of a word: Quint. 9. 3. 28 quod fit adiectione; plura sunt genera : he proceeds to give a number of different instances. 3. The addition of a state- ment : Quint. 7. 9. 9 ; 8. 4. 6 al. In Quint, always opp. to de- tr actio. 4. In medicine, strengthening treatment: Vitruv. i. 6. 3 pi. opp. to detractiones. 5. In architecture. (a) The swelling in the middle of a column: Vitruv. 3. 2. 13 adiectio quae tvToats vacatur, quae adicitur in mediis columnis. (b) A rising form given to the pedestals of columns by means of small steps : ^'it^uv. 3. 3. 5 siylobatam ita oportet exaequari uti habeat per me- dium adiectionem per scamillos impares. 6. In business, an additional offer of money: Liv. 38. 14. 14 inliberali adiectione : an additional bid, Dig. 50. r. 21. 7 al. 7. In grammar, an ad- jective : Charis. p. 156 K a quibusdam adiectiones vocantur, ut mag- Tius vir,fortis exerciius: Prob. Inst. p. 120 K, al. Gramm. AdieelivTis, -a, -uta, that can be added, esp. in Grammar, what can be added to the noun subst., adjectivaI=Gk. iirileTos: Prise. 2 p. 146 K adiectivae positiones . . . ut equo ' albus ' vel 'Jortis'; ib. I. p. 58 K adiectiva; Macrob. S. i. 4. 9 ut ... non positivum sit -sed adiectivuni (not a substantive, but an adjective). Adingerere, corrupt reading in Schol. luv. 4. 2 ita ut Sesenus (Popmaconj. Sisenna, Kohiivaktt Serenus) libra II ait, non dignus in quern debeam saturam calentem adingerere {adcingere now Bucheler). Adinspiratio, inspiration: Int. Iren. 2. 31. 3 adinspiratione apostatica . . . per omnia repleti. Adintellego, to understand besides: Mar. Vict. adv. Arium I. 42 quasi aliud adiniellegitur, et non per/ecte aliud ; ib. 4. 23. Adinventio, an invention, device: Modestin. Dig. 27. i. 6. 3 neque sententia senatus neque alia qua adinventiom; Paulin. Nol. Ep. 43 (50). § 12. In a bad sense, Vulg. Ps. 98. 8, and often elsewhere in Vulg. 40 Adinvestigo — Adiunctus. Adinvestigo -as, to investigate in addition : Boeth. Eucl. Geom. 2 tali ratione adinvestigetur ; ib. quorum si medium adinvesligavero, viginti octo fiunt. AdiScor, -aris, to joke or play with : Petr. Chrysol. Serm. 152 glddio adiocahatur infantulus. Adipatarius, a seller of rich or fatty things [adipatd), Gloss, ap. Lowe G. N. p. 163. Adlpiscor. 1. The original and proper meaning of this word is to overtake: Plant. Epid. 15 R the MSS. including A give vix adipiscendi potestas fuit ; Bothe conj. apiscendi; Ter. And. 332 nupiias effugere ego istas male quam iu adipiscier; Lucr. 5. 634 tanio magis omnia signa Hanc adipiscuntur ; 2. 637 ne Saiurnus eum malis manderet adepius (c atch him up and devour him) ; Liv. 31. 43. I adeptus Dardanos ; 44. 28. i'^ fugienies Gallos adepti. Met, to attain to : Cic. Rose. Am. 131 nisi hoc mirum est, quod vis divina adsequi non possit, si id mens humana adepta non sit; Balb. 54 an quod adipisci poterant dicendo, id eis pugnando adsequi non licebat? (The other meanings are fully illustrated in the lexx.). 2. The part. pass, adeptus is used passively by Sallust C. 7. 3 ; I. loi. 9; Ov. Trist. 4. 8. 19; Tac. A. i. 7 ; Suet. Tib. 38; Neue L. F. 2. p. 273 quotes instances also from Gratius, Val. Max., and other authors. Cic. and other writers use the part, adipiscendus as if from adipisco, but the finite verb is not found passively in good Latin : in Plaut. Trin. 368 R and Fannius ap. Prise, i. p. 380 K apiscitur, not adipiscitur, is the true reading. Ps. Cypr. De Laude Martyrii 2 has per quae adipisci lux potest. Adiunctioi-us, adopted, taken in : Gloss, ap. Lowe G. N. p. \(ij, proselytus adiuncticius. Adiunctio, as 1. 1. in Grammar and Rhetoric, the figure of join- ing with one noun or verb diff'erent numbers, or genders, or persons; = the Greek feCy^ia, inlCfv^ir, or cmCevyiievov : Prise. 2. p. 183 K. This is apparently its meaning in Cic. de Or. 3. 206, where Sorof quotes as an instance Cic. Cat. i. 22 neque enim is es, Catilina, ut te aut pudor unquam a iurpitudine aut metus a periculo aut ratio a furore revocaverit. Adiunctus, part. pass, of adiungo, connected with, akin to. 1. Cic. Cluent. 30 quae propiora huiusce causae et adiunctiora sunt; Inv. 2. 41 deinde videndum est quid adiunctum sit negotio, hoc est, quid maius, quid minus, quid aeque magnum sit, quid simile. (In Arnob. 7. 39 Reifferscheid reads ad iustissimam, not adiunctissimam Adiutorium — Admentum. 4 1 quaesiionem) 2. Neut. adiunctum as subst. (a) A cha- racteristic quality of a thing or an action. Cic. Legg. 2. 54 (si 1. c.) hostia autem maxima pareniare pieiatis adiunctum putabant ; Her. A. P. 178 semper in adiunciis aevoque morabimur aptis. (b) Distin- guished from the inseparable or essential circumstances of a pro- ceeding by Cic. Top. 53 consequeniium locus ab adiunciis longe diversus est. Nam adiuncla non semper eveniunt, consequentia autem semper. (e) In logic, however, sometimes used as = a necessary consequence : Gell. 16. 8. 9 sedquod Graeci avvr\\>.\i.ivov dila/m dicunl, alii nostrum adiunctum, alii coTiexum dixerunt. Id conexum tale est: Si Plato ambulai, Plato movetur. So Quint. 5-. 10. 74 ex conse- quentibus sive adiunciis. Adiutoriuin, an aid, assistance: Cic. ap. Col. 12. Praef i ut . . . adiuloria senectutis, nee minus proprugnacula praepararentur ; Asin. Poll. ap. Suet. Gramm. 10 in earn rem adiutorium ei fecit maxime Ateius Praetextatus ; Veil. 2. 112. 4 magnam Thracum manum . . . in adiutorium eius rei secum trahebat; Val. Max. 2. 7. ext. I deorum immortalium adiutorio ; Ascon. Arg. in Scaur, neque Pompeius propensum adiutorium praebebat ; Sen. Ep. 31. 5; Ir. i. 5. 2 ; Quint. 3. 9. 4 al. Adiutus, -us, [adiuvd), aid, assistance : Macrob. S. 7. 7. 5 unius adiutu; Itin. Alex. 58 adiutu noctis uti; lul. ap. Augustin. c. sec. resp. lul. 6. 40 spontatieae in nobis iniquitatis adiutu. Adiuvamentum, -i, (adiuvo): Isid. De eccl. off. i. 18. 13 etiamsi nulla sunt adiuvamenta mortuorum. Adiiivatio, -onis, (adiuvo), aid, help: Diomed. p. 391 K. Admatertera, the sister of an atavus : Isid. Or. 9. 6. 28. Admemdratio, additional mention: Augustin. Ep. 59. i. Admentum or ammentum (not amentum), a thong or strap. The glossaries give the forms admentum and ammentum; Gloss. Philox. armentum, 0/1^0 rav uKovrLav ; in Verg. A. 9. 665 the Romanus has armenta (in both cases no doubt for adm-) ; admentis the Do- naueschingen MS. of Orosius 5. 15. 16; amnentis the Laurentian. Agmenta is given by D, augmenta by L in Oros. 6. ir. 3. Verrius Flaccus probably knew the spellings admentum and amvientum, for Paulus p. 1 2 M says ' amenta ' quibus ul mitti possint vinciuntur iacula, sive solearum lora : ex Graeco quod est Sfi/iaTa sic appellata, vel quia aptantes ea ad mentum trahant. The Greek etymology would justify ammentum, the Latin admentum. As the word occurs in Paulus just before adtegrare, ad tutum, attestate, and adtubernalis. 43 Admeo — Administro. the gloss should perhaps be headed admenlum. {Augmenta for adm- is also found in Gloss, ap. Mai C. A. 6. p. 505.) Admeo, -as, to come to : Paulin. Nol. Poem. 17. 119 laeta lascivo procul admeabant Monsira natatu. Adminloiilatio, external support: Boeth. ad Cic. Top. 5, p. 368, Orelli. Adminieulum, to be derived not from ad manum, but from a lost ad-mineo, to rise or project towards: comp. im-mineo, pro- mineo. Administro, -as. 1. To act as attendant or assistant : sometimes with dat. of person, Plaut. Stich. 397 R vin administrem ? Sat servorum habeo domi; ib. Epid. 418 R administraret ad rem di- vinam iibi; Sail. I. 92. 9 (milites poterani) . . . neque inter vineas sine periculo administrare (do their duty); Caes. G. 3. 23 a quibus cum paulo tardius esset administratum ; 3 1 cum summo s'.udio a militibus administraretur; Vitruv. i. 5. 4 si celeriter adminislraverint (if the soldiers are quick about their business); ib. 7. 10. 3 ita necessitati- bus erit administranduvi ne . . . res retineatur (wait upon necessity) ; 6. II. 3 item administrandum est uti, etc. ; Spartian. Carac. 3 liberii qui Getae administr aver ant. (b) Of a public functionary, to govern: Spart. Pesc. Nig. 7. 3. 5 administrare in urhe, provincia. 2. With ace. (a) To attend to, execute, perform a thing: Plaut. Merc. 388 R «o ego ut quae mandata mihi sunt administrem; Ter. Ad. 764 munus administrasti tuom; Varro R. R. i. 69. 3; I. 17. 2 administrant faenisicia: ib. Manius 4 quod dum adminis- Irant; L. L. 6. 78 qui quid adminislrat, cuius opus nan extat quod sub sensum veniat; Cic. Att. 12. 18. 3 domesiica or dine admijiistrari. (b) Of handing food: Varro R. R. 3. 5. 11 administratur quibus cibus per retem; 3. 16. 5 administrare mel ad principia convivii. (e) Of supplying anything: Script. Bell. Af. "i^ se res complures, quae utiles bello sint, administraturos ; Vulg. 2 Cor. 9. 10 qui autem administrat semen seminanli. 3. In general, to do, act, con- duct a proceeding : Corn. Her. 4. 22 cum haec omnia diceres , faceres , administrares ; ib. 27 in proelio paler mortem oppetebat., domi filius nuptias comparabat ; haec omnia graves casus administrabanl {}); Cic. Inv. I. 2 pleraque viribus administr abant; Metellus Nepos to Cic. (Fam. 5. i. 2) quae quoniam nee rationenec . . . dementia admini- strastis. 4. To manage, conduct, superintend, govern, direct, administer : very common in all good Latin : C. Gracchus (Meyer xxxiv. 10) adm. rem publicum ; Plancus ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 21. i adm. Admiratio — Admissio. 43 bellum; Cic. N. D. i. 4 administrari omnem mundum ratione; and very often in Cic, who has bellum, civiiaiem, iudicium, leges et tu- dicia, provinciam, rempublicam, summam rerum, urbem, administrare ; Verr. 3. 104 annum (i.e. a year of office) : the like in Sail, and Caes. Caes. G. 2. 22 neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari polerant (all the duties of a general.'); C. 3. 14 navis . . . sine militibus privatoque consilio administrabatur ; 2. 15 ea quae sunt amissa administrare ac reficere (to take in hand .?) ; Script. Bell. Hisp. 36 caedem adm.; so ib. 39, to commence a massacre; Nep. Dion. I. 4 legationes illustriores per Bionem administrabantur; Quint, has adm. palrimonium, rem publicam ; Tac. prminciam, negotia, bellum, proelia; C. I. L. 2. 4248 ob adminisiralam fideliter curam tabulari censualis. Admiratio. 1. An open expression of surprise or wonder. Followed by a verbal clause, Cic. Att. i. i^.i fit admiratio quidnam accidisset; Script. Bell. Alex. 6 admirationem praebebat quam ob rem id accidisset; Cic. Verr. 5. 106 fit clamor et admiratio populi tantam esse in homine impudentiam. Abs., Cic. De Or. 2. 254 hoc admi- rationem magis quam risum movet; Verr. 4. 27 risus populi atque admiratio omnium veslrumfacta est. In plur., expressions of admi- ration : Cic. Fin. 6. 53 quotiens hoc agitur, ecquandone nisi admi- rationibus maximis; De Or. i. 152 haec sunt quae clamor es et admiratibnes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt; Brut. 290 crebrae adsen- siones, multae admiraliones ; Part. Or. 32 suavis nar ratio est quae habet admiraliones, expectationes , etc. 2. The other meaning, surprise, wonder, astonishment, e. g. Cic. iMur. 68, 69 quid habet admirationis . . . prodisse multos .^ quid habet isla multitudo admi- rationis (what is there in it to wonder at ?) is fully illustrated in the lexx. AdmirativTis, expressive of wonder : Isid. Rhet. 21.15 admira- tivae sententiae (Halm R. L. IM. p. 519-20). Admissio, in the special sense of an audience given by the emperor, who divided his friends into classes primae et secundae admissionis : C. I. L. 6. 2138 (Rome, 30 a. d.) vir ex prima admis- «bw^, i. e. a friend who had a claim to a first audience; Plin. 33. 41 quibus admissionis liberae ius dedissent ; Plin. Pan. 47 admissio- 7ium tuarum facilitatem (the audiences which you grant) ; Sen. Clem. I. 10 totam cohortem primae admissionis ; ib. Ben. 6. 33 qui in primas et secundas admissiones digeruntur. Hence magister admissionis was the ftmctionary who superintended the admission to 44 Admddum. audience: Vopisc. Aurelian. 12. 4: comp. Suet. Vesp. 14 qtiidam ex officio admissionum : ai adtnissione, the title of attendants of this class: C. I. L.3. 6107, al. Inscr. ; Amm. 15. 5. 18 mentions a(/»».r- sionum magistnim \ 22. 7. 2 admissionum proximum. AdmSdum : adv., ad modum ; properly to the measure or limit. 1. (a) Cato R. R. 156. 2 paulisper demittito usque ad modum duvi giiinquies quinque numeres. (b) Sufficiently; to the due limit: Plaut. Epid. 104 R ad modum meoruni maerorum alqiie amoruvi summam edidavi tibi; Liv. i. 10. r admodum viiligati animi raptis erant. (c) With numbers, to the amount of, (literally) to the measure : Caes. G. 5. 40 noctu iurres admodum cxx excitantur ; Liv. 27. 30. 2 milk admodum hostium ; so ib. 42. 65. 3 ; lustin. 17. 2. 'i post menses admodum septem; Curt. 4. 12. 6 equites milk admo- dum. Omnes admodum, quite all, Salv. Gub. Dei Praef. omnes ad- modum homines; so ib. 6. § 3 otnnes admodum, aul eerie . . .paene omnes ; and ib. elsewhere. 2. (a) With words signifying time ( = to the exact measure), as long as, as much as, no more than; Liv. 43. 11. 9 exacto admodum mense Fehruario; Liv. Epit. 52 Alexandi'i filio bimulo admodum; ib. 55 Alex'andri filius . . . decern annos admodum hahens (only). (b) So Plaut. Trin. 366 admodum adulescentulus, quite a youth ; Cic. Rab. Perd. 2 1 and elsewhere, admodum adulescens; Liv. 31. 28. ^ puerum admodum; so Quint., Tac. and others. Semper admodum, quite always : Salv. G. D. 3. § 33, 6. § 62. 3. With words expressing negation, nullus, nihil, and the like = absolutely, merely : Plaut. Merc. 399 R nihilum quicquam facere poterit admodum ; Cic. Brut. 35 cui nihil ad- modum desit ; 2 1 o litter arum nihil admodum sciehal ; De Or. 2 . 8 nihil admodum scripti; Liv. 23. 29. 14 equesiris pugna nulla admodum full; Quint. 9. 2. 44 nihil admodum disiat; Gell. 19. 12. 7 quia nihil admodum super vile . . . sciret (translated from Herodes Atticus). 4. Up to due measure, so = very much, exceedingly : with verbs and adjectives and sometimes with adverbs : very common in all Latin : sometimes preceding, sometimes following its word : Plaut. Amph. 268 R astutum ad modum, and elsewhere ; Ter. Ph. 477 ; Ad. 403 : once with adv. and^j/; Heaut. 53 haec inter nos nuper notitia admo- dum est (so recent edd. following the MSS.) ; Lucil. 29. 19 admodum gravem ; Cic. has admodum mirabar, admodum profuerunt, adm. me diligunt, etc.: adm. amplum, excelsum, antiquum, gratum, pauci : adm. raro, obscure; Caes. gens admodum dedila religionibus : ne aniniis admodum demitterentur, etc. ; so Sail. Nep. Liv. and other good writers; Liv. 10. 41. 14 pauci admodum; Tac. is very fond of ad- Admoenio — Adoleo. 45 viodum pauci or pauci admodnm. 5. With comp., Salv. Gub. 1 . 2 ideo in hoc saeculo deieriorem admodum statum esse meliorum ; ib. 5. 1 8 atrociores admodum quam stint. 6. Admodum quam = ad- modum (literally, it is up to measure, how — ) ; Plaut. Amph. 541 R admodum quam saevos esl; Gell. 19. 9. 10 voce admodum quam suavi. 7. In replies, admodum = exactly, quite so : Plaut. Trin. 421 et ilk aedis mancupio aps te accepit : Admodum; Pseud. 1 152 'R. Macedonius ? Admodum; Bacch. iiii R al. ; Ter. Hec. 458 advents modo? Admodum; Cic. Legg. 3. 26 scis solere, /rater, in huiusmodi sermone, ut transiri alio possit, dici ' admodum ' aut ' prorsus Ha est.' Admoenio, to blockade, raise a rampart against : Plaut. Pseud. 384 R hoc autem oppidum admoenire (atmoenire A) ut hodie capiatur volo ; Dosith. p. 434 K admunio, ispoaTdxl^a. Admollor, in the sense of to attempt : Plaut. Rud. 599 R visast simia Adscensionem ut facer et admolirier. AdmSnitlunetila, dim. of admonitio, a little piece of advice : Cassian. Coll. 18. 11 ; Gildas De Exc. Brit. Praef. Adm6veo. 1. In the sense of to advance, promote : Quint. 6 praef. i'^ ad omnium spes honorum admotus ; Curt. 6. 9. 22 patrem in idem fastigium . . . admovi; Tac. A. 3. 56 Tiberius Drusum summae rei admovit ; Suet. Tib. 1 4 quem ut sapientiae pro- fessorem contubernio admoverat ; Aug. 64 ad curam rei publicae ad- movit; so Cal. 12 ad spem successionis. 2. To bring on, hasten: Lucan 7. 50 leti properantes admovet horas ; Curt. 8. 9. 33 admovere leti diem. Adfilefacio, to burn : Acta Fr. Arv. C. I. L. 6. 2 107. 16 (224 a.d.) adolefactae arbores. (See Henzen Acta Fr. Arv. p. 14 1-2.) Addlenda, name of the goddess who presided over the burning of trees: Acta Fr. Arv. C. I. L. 6. 2099. ii. 5. 2107. 12 (183, 224 A.D.) (Henzen p. 147). I. Addleo : from ol- to grow in ol-esco, proles {pro-ol-es), sub- ol-es, ind-ol-es. 1. To increase, make to grow : Chalcid. Comm. Tim. 23 animalium germen adolenlium; 220 nutriendo ado- lendo movendo. 2. To increase = to heap up, pile up : espe- cially of heaping up offerings or piling an altar with them (see s. V. augeo and macto) : Placid, on Stat. Theb. i. 514 adolere accu- mulare; Non. p. 58 adolere verbum est proprie sacra reddentium, quod significat votis vel supplicationibus numen auctius facere ; Serv. A. I. 704 adolere proprie est augere; so on E. 8. 65. In this 46 Adoletum. sense the word has the following usages. (a) Adolere aliquid, to heap up something : thus, according to Nonius I. c, Verg. E. 8. 65 verbenasque adole pingues ei mascula tura, quod est (says Nonius) adde, cumula; so perhaps A. 3. 547 lussos adokmus ho- nores. (b) Adolere aliquid aliqua re, to pile something with something: Lucr. 4. 1237 multo sanguine maesii Conspergunt aras adokntque alfaria donis, where Munro quotes Verg. A. 5. 54 strue- remque suis altaria donis, and 11. 50 cumulatque aliaria donis. (c) In general sense, Tac. A. 14. 30 cruore captivo adolere aras. 3. To increase, in the sense of giving honour to : again in a religious connection : Non. p. 248 adolere augere, honorare, propitiare; Serv. A. I. 704 adolere Penates, i. e. colere. II. AdSleo. 1. To burn: especially of sacrifices: Ennius ap. Lact. i. 11. 63 eamque hosliam . . . totam adolevit; Val. Ant. ap. Prise, i. p. 489 K eo omnes hostiae, vituli viginti etseptem coniecti, et ita omnia adulta sunt; Verg. E. 8. 65 (perhaps : but see I. adoleo) verbenasque adole pingues ; A. 3. 547 lunoni . . . iussos honores (but see I. adoleo) ; Ov. M. i. 492 utque leves stipulae densis adolentur aristis; F. 3. 803 viscera qui tauri flammis adolenda dedisset ; Her. 15 (\(i).'^'^-^adolebunt cinnama flammae; M. 8. 740 nullos aris adoleret honores; Petron. 115 adolebat^rogus Lichan; Stat. Theb. i. 514 adolere focos epulasque recentes ; Tac. A. 6. 28 inque Sob's aram perferre atque adolere; Arnob. 7. 25 adoleri sacris altaribus; Gell. 17. 10. 7 ut Aeneida . . . adolerent; Acta Fratr. Arval. C. I. L. 6. 2107. 5 (224 a. d.) adolen- darum arborum causa; Vulg. Lev. 9. 17; Num. 15. 3. 2. In general, to offer up : Arnob. 7. 25 adoleri paratas conspexerint nenias; impers., Paul. p. 5 altaria sunt in quibus igni adoletur . 3. Met., to kindle, excite: Ambros. Hexaera. i. 8. 31 ad. libidines; in Ps. 118. Serm. 18. § ig ad. vaporem fidei et devotionis. III. Addleo. To smell: Plaut. Cas. 2. 3. 2,0 unde hie, amabo,unguentaadolent'i so very probably adolesce in Verg. G. 4. 379 Panchaeis adolescunt ignibus arae. (The hypothesis of two separate bases for I and II seems the simplest. Servius or his authority seems to have been confused by the use of the two words in connection with religion, and therefore says on E. 8. 65 and A. i. 704 'CasX adolere is used as an euphemism for to burn, meaning properly to increase. The base is apparently al-, which appears in altare. Whether III is to be derived from the same base as II is a very difficult question.) Addletum, a place for burning victims {adoleo II) : Glossae Norn. p. 5 Lowe ' adoletum ' victimarum bustum ; Gloss. Cyrill. 6X0- Kiiiicrro!', adolitum. Adon — Adoreus. 47 Adon = n. p. = Adonis: Varro Testamentum i ; Martian. Cap. 2. 192 (where Adon); Fulgent. Myth. 3. 8; Prob. Inst. p. 121 K numeri singularis hie Adon, huius Adonis, hide Adoni, hunc Adonem, O Adon, ah hoc Adone: gen. Adonis Plin. 19. 49 ; Apul. M. 2. 26; Arnob. 7. 33, and Serv. : d^it' Adoni Serv. E. 8. 37: ace. Adonem Arnob. 4. 27 ; Serv. E. 8. 37, and elsewhere : abl. Adone Apul. M. 8. 25; Lact. Inst. i. 17. 9; Serv. E. 10. 18. Form Adonis, gen. Adonldis, Prise, i. p. 252 K: dat. Adonidi Cic. N. D. 3. 59 : ace. Adonidem Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Marc. Fesc. I. 16; Vulg. Ez. 8. 14; Adonin Grat. Cyn. 66; Auson. Idyll. 68. 58(p. H2 Peiper); Macrob. S. i. 21. i. Voc. J^(/o«? Ov. M. 10. 543. Ad6pertl6, concealing, hiding: Paulin. Nol. ep. 13. 10 mors vera virtutis adopertio est. Adoptulus, an adopted person : Eutych. p. 453 K. Adoratio, in general sense, prayer, = the Greek wpoaevxri. Marc. II. 17 (cod. Taurin. or Bob., Tischendorf's k) domus mea domus adorationis voeabitur (Ronsch S. B. p. 6). Adordinatio, order, disposition : Int. Iren. 5. 36. 2 hanc esse ad- ordinaiionem et dispositionem eorum qui salutantur. Adordior, adorsus, to begin, set about: Gell. 9. 2. lo tyran- num interficere adorsi. Adoreosus, rewarded with adorea : Gloss. Nom. p. 5 L adorio- sus (sic) qui praemium ex pugna accepit. Adoreus, of spelt : Cato R. R. 83, etc. (see the lexx.) ; the fern, adorea as subst. seems originally to have meant bread or cake, or food made of ador (for the fem. used as a subst. comp. noxia and saturct) ; Placidus p. 3 D adorea, panis de adore ; so Plaut. Amph. 193 R praeda atque agro adoreaque (adoria edd.) adfecit populares suos. 2. Met. because such food was the prize of victory, the glory of victory : Paul. p. 3 M adoream laudem sive gloriam dicebant, quia gloriosum eum putabant qui farris copia abun- daret; Plin. 18. i^ gloriam denique ipsam a /arris honore adoream appellabant ; Serv. A. 10. 677 adorea laus bellica; so Placid. 1. c. Hor. 4. C. 4. 41 qui primus alma risit adorea ; Apul. M. 7. 16/orti- busfaetis adoriae (so the Ws>^plenae\ Apol. 17. M' . Curio tot ado- riis longe inclilo; Claud. Laud. Stil. i. 384 haec omnes veterum revo- cavit adorea laudes. (From the use of ador in sacrifices the ancient grammarians had an idea that adorea was connected with adorare ; so Non. p. 52; Serv. A. 10. 677; Prise, i. p. 637 K.) 3. Neut. adoreum, a sacrifice : Isid. 17. 3. 6 adorea sacrificia dicuntur ; 48 Adoxus — Advergo. Gloss. Epin. has adorea libamina, perhaps for adorea Uha, mensae, see Serv. A. 7. iii. Adoxus, («5o|os), humble : of style, Augustin. Rhet. 2 1 (Halm R. L. M. p. 1 50) in adoxo genere sermonis. Adpatrttus, a great-great-uncle: Isid. Orig. 9. 6. 24 patrui mei proavus mihi adpairuus est. Adraster, -ri, a digger: Gloss. Vat. ap. Lowe P. G. p. 419 ' adrasiros ' fossorcs. Adrumavit, glossed as = rumorem attulit. Gloss, ap. Mai C. A. 6. p. 504 : Paul. p. 9 says adrumavit rumorem fecit, sive commurmu- ratus est : quod verbum quidam a rumine, i. e. parte gutturis, putant deduct. (The simple rumare would stand to rumor as clamare to clavier, lahare to labor.) Adsedus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 3. 4847. Adseveiatio, as t. t. of grammar, see ass-. Adstator, a bystander, esp. of Liber : C. I. L. 6. 467 (Rome). Adsuseiplo, to undertake a fresh thing : Act. Fratr. Arv. C. L L. 6. 2066. 20 (89 A.D.) adsuscipere vota (to undertake new vows). Advecto, freq. from adveho: Val. Fl. 4. 106 advectat ratis acta notis tibi pabula dira; Tac. A. 6. 13 adv. rei frumentariae copiam. Adveetus, -us, a carrying, conveyance : Varro L. L. 5. 43 ; Tac. ,H. 4. 84 adveetus deae. Advenientla, -ae, a coming: Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 161 (fr. 25 Peter) advenientiam cohortium (so Popma for advenientium). Advene, -is, to come hither: Plaut. Ps. 1030 R ne ilk hue Harpax advenat. Adventatio, a coming, approach: Int. Iren. Valent. Syst. i. 8. 2 (^ TTapouo-ia). Adventor, -oris, a visitor : add to the instances quoted Varro Manius 19 haec adventoribus accedunt, celiac, claves, claustra. Adventoria cena is said to be incorrect for adventicia c. by Caper De Verbis Dubiis p. 107 K. Adverblum, 1. 1. in Grammar, an adverb, = Greek Imppmrn. The earliest authority quoted for it is Quint, (i. 5. 48), who may have got it from Pliny ; it is common in the Grammarians. Advergo, to trend or verge towards: with ace. Prise. Perie"-. 963 Persis . . . advergens Austros. Adversitas — Adulter. 49 Adversltas = res adversae, adversity: Ennod. Epist. 2. 14 (p. 53 Hai'tel) and elsewhere in Ennod. and other late writers. Adversus and adversum, in old Latin advorsus and advorsum : adv. and prep. According to Ritschl Opusc. Philol. 2. p. 262 the form advorsum was the oldest. Plaut. indeed has besides this form advorsus (Trin. 726 qui advorsus venerit; but may not this be the adj.?); Ritschl 1. c. says he also has advorsus ocio, advorsus exor- dire, dicat, faciam, iuam, popult. Ter. only knows the form advor- sum. The forms found in the earlier inscriptions are adversus, ad vorsum (written separately), ad vorsu (once), arvorsum (once) ; S. C. Bac. C. I. L. I. 196. 25 arvorsum ead. Sometimes the word governed comes between ad and vorsum ; Lex. Par. Fac. C. I. L. i. 577. 2. 12 antas duas ad mare vorsum proicUo; ib. 1143 ad L. Tondei vorsu p. xvi. Adversum is found after its case, in Plaut. 750 R mirum quin te advorsus dicat; Bacch. 698 R quae dixit me advorsum ; Aulul. 690 R te advorsum mcntiar ; Poen. 400 R mendax me advorsum; Ter. Ph. \2^ facere me advorsum omnia; Nep. Con. 2. 2 hunc adversus Pharnabazus habitus est imperator; so Timoth. 4. 3 hunc adv.; Sail. lug. loi. 8 quos advorsum ierat; Hist. 2. 48 quod adversum accurrere; Hor. i. Epist. i. 75 /« adver- sum ; in all these instances with a pronoun. Adversus invioem, = mutually: Ps. Cypr. De Sing. Cler. 19. Advivo, to live on, continue living: Epit. Scip. C. I. L. i. 37 quo ad veixei (which Mommsen would read quo adveixei) ; C. I. L. 5. 4057 (Mantua) cum adviveret; Scaevola Dig. 34. 3. 28. 5 donee advivet; ib. 34. 4. 30 init. quamdiu advixerit; Tert. Marc. 4. 19 omnibus natis mater advivit ? De An. 57 cum adviverent. Of fire : Stat. Theb. 12. 424 tenttem nigris etiamnum advivere lucem Ro- boribus. Adulter. The absurd etymology from ad and alter is not yet banished from the lexx. It is to be observed — 1. that ad- ulter as a subst. can be used with the gen. of the person with whom the offence is committed; Cic. Sest. 39 ; Tac. A. 3. 24, 6. 47, 15. 68 ; Suet. lul. 74; also of the virtue tampered with, Arnob. 4. 33 adulteri castitatis ; and that it is also found with the genitive in the sense of a falsifier of coin; Cod. lust. 9. 24. 2 quicunque solidorum adulter potest reperiri. So too aduUerare takes ace. in the sense of committing adultery with: Hor. Epod. 16. 32 ; Suet. lul. 6; Aug. 67. These instances seem to show that the second syllable ul- is verbal, and implies some word meaning to corrupt. 2. That E so Adumbro. adulter as an adj. may have the passive sense of spurious, corrupt : Plin. 33. 114 adulkrum minium; Apul. M. 10. 9 ad. nummus; Arnob. 5. 36 nothae alque adulterae leciiones (of fables); Cypr. Ep. 45. I ad. f(2/)a/ (= spurious); De Hab. Virg. 17 adulter colore. This fact points in the same direction. 3. That adultero means to falsify, spoil, corrupt, tamper with : Cic. Lael. 92, and often elsewhere ; and adulieratio means corruption or adulteration : of saffron, Plin. 21. 32 umidum enim quod evenit adulteratione ; of books, for Rufinus wrote De Adulteratione Lihrorum Origems; see vol. 25. p. 397 (Lommatzch) ex adulteratione librorum suorum. So adulterator rr^Si corrupter or counterfeiter of coin : Dig. 48. 19. 16. 9 adulteratores monetae; Glossae Nominum p. 7 Lowe adulterator adulter, et qui numisma inlegale cudit. 4. That adulterinus never means adulterous, but always counterfeit, spurious, not genuine : Plaut. Bacch. 266 R adulter inum, non verum esse sumbulum ; Cic. Ciuent. 41 signis adulterinis olsignavit; Off. 3. 91 nummos adulierinos pro veris accipere; Sail. I. 12. 3 claves adulierinas por- iarum ; Nigid. ap. Gell. 19. 14. 7 « adulterinum (of a spurious letter of the alphabet). So of offspring, Plin. 10. 10 (haliaetus) praecipi- tat i^pulluni) e nido velut adulterinum atque degenerem ; 7. 14 non pro- fugientibus adulterine sanguine natos serpentibus. So met., adulterinae doctrinae Cypr. Ep. 43. 4. 5. These usages can be most easily explained on the hypothesis that adulter as adj. originally meant corrupting or corrupted; and that their common use with that of their derivatives, adulterare, adulterium, adulterio, and adul- teritas in connexion with adultery can easily be derived from the notion of pollution. I am therefore inclined to assume as the origin of the word a base ol- or ul-, which perhaps meant originally to wet or spoil with moisture (comp. ab-ol-ere) and which, it is possible, is to be found in ul-va, marsh-plant, and Ul-u-lrae, Marsh-town. May this be the same as Celtic 0I-, to drink? The quantity of ^/-J-^-o makes one hesitate about bringing this word into the connexion. The passive meaning of adulter adj., corrupted and so counterfeit, is analogous to that of spurtus, which is probably connected with spurcus. The form is exactly like that of cul-ter, literally the striker. Adumtaro, in art = (^Kiaypatpea,, to draw in light and sTiade : common especially in the part. pass, adumbratus, which is opposed to expressus as a drawing to a relief; Varro L. L. 10. 19 in arti- culis vix aduvibrata est analogia (there is hardly the semblance of) ; 10. 30 adumbrata et tenuis analogia; Cic. Cael. 12 habuit . . . per- Adunatrix — Advocator. 51 multa maximarum non expressa signa sed adumhrata virtutum ; De Or. 2. 194 heroum veieres casus imilari atque adumhrare dicendo; Fin. 5- 61 in qua haec honesta quae inteUegimus a natura iamquavi adumbranlur, sed haec in pueris ; expressa vero in lis aetaiibus, etc., and so elsewhere; Li v. 33. 31. 2 adumbratis liHeris vana specie liberialis; Quint. 7. 10. g quis pictor omnia, quae in rerum natura sunt, adumbrare didicit? Petron. 106 adumbrata inscriptio. So of a fictitious representation, as opposed to a reality, to vamp up : Cic. Dom. 80 qui ne ementiendo quidem potueris adumbrare meliorem; Agr. 2. 31 comitiis . . . ad speciem veritatis . . . auspiciorum causa adumbratis; Sull. 52 ad hoc adumbratum iudicium, etc. Adunatrix, uniting: Chalcid. in Tim. Comm. 17 natura con- iugabilis et adunatrix distantium limiium. Adunitlo, an uniting, union=Greek ivaais ; Int. Iren. 4. 33. 11 adunitionem Verbi Dei ad plasma eius. Advdcatio. 1. The function or action of an advocatus : Cic. Fam. 7. 10. i in re militari multo es cautior quam in advo- cationibus; Quint. 7. i. 58 ne periculo auxilii deterreantur ab advo- catione; 12. 7. 4 ducetur in advocationem maxime causa; Tac. D. 4. 10; Suet. Gramm. 22 ; and in later literature. 2. Advocatio fisci, the office of advocate to the treasury: C. I. L. 5. 4332 (Brescia): ad fisci advocationes promotus ; comp. C. I. L. 6. 1759 (Rome, 389 A.D.) advocationis sedis urbanae officium ; Spart. Caracalla 8. 3 ; Geta 2. 4 adv. fisci; and so in legal Latin. 3. A body of advocates or assistants : Cic. Rose. Com. 1 5 advocatio ea est quam propter eximium splendor em ut iudicem unum vereri debeamus ; Verr. i. 129 quo maximarum rerum frequentissimae cotidie advo- cationes fiunt; Sull. 8r, and elsewhere; Liv. 3. 47. i cum ingenii advocatione; Quint. 5. 13. 49 in advocationibus iactatum. 4. The collegium or guild of advocati: Cod. 2. 3. 30 adv. Caesariensis ; ib. 8. 41. 27 Palaestina advocatio. 5. Assistance : Petron. 96 advocationemque commendabam {Eumolpd); Cypr. Ep. 30. 6. al. ; so 6. An excuse or allegation : Tert. Coron. Mil. 1 1 advocatio necessi- tatis. 7. = solacium : Ps. Cypr. De spectaculis 4 ; Tert. De Pat. II talibus et advocatio et risus promittitur ; Marc. 4. 15. 8. Advocationem dare, petere, to grant, ask for a delay: properly, to ask for time to consult with one's advocati: Cic. Fam. 7. 11. i ut a singulis interregibus binas advocationes peter et. ■ Advocator, in the sense of a comforter: Tert. Marc. 4. 15 sicut probavi {Deum) mendicorum advocatorem : so advocare = napa- E 2 5a Advocatus — Aedes. KaXc:v, to comfort: Vulg. Is. 40. 2 advocate earn; Tert. Marc. 14 and elsewhere Eccl. (Ronsch I. u. V. p. 348). Adv6catus; as a public officer advocatus was the counsel attached to a particular department, e. g. advocatus fisci, counsel to the treasury : Spart. Hadr. 20. 7 advocatum fisci primus instiiuit Hadrianus; this officer is mentioned C. I. L. 6. 1704 (Rome, 330 A.D.). So we find an advocatus of a particular city, C. I. L. 5. 3336 (Verona). Adurius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 3355 (Verona); 6. 2382, 3832 (Rome). Aecitia, nom. f : C. I. L. i. 43 Aecitiai pocolom. Aedes, in old Latin written aides: as C. I. L. i. 32. Nom. s. aedis Plaut. As. 220 R. Aedes is defined by Varro ap. Serv. A. 2. 512 as locus quatluor angulis inclusus; in L. L. 5. 160 he says aedes ab aditu, quod piano pede adibant. Itaque ex aedibus efferri indictivo funere praeco etiam eos dicit qui ex tabernis efferuntur, et omnes in censu villas etiam dedicamus aedes; comp. Isid. 15. 3. 2 omne aedificium antiqui dicebant aedem; Paul. p. 13 M says that aedes is simplex atque unius aditus. 1. The word means origin- ally a chamber : Plaut. As. 1. c. aedis nobis area est ; Verg. G. 4. 258 (of bees) clausis cunctantur in aedibus ; Curt. 8. 6. 3 proximi foribus eius aedis in qua rex acquiescebat ; ib. 1 3 ad fores aedis eius in qua rex vescebatur. 2. In aedem = indoors : Plaut. fragm. ap. Isid. 1. c. si vocassem vos in aedem ad prandium. 3. Especially and very frequently, a chamber dedicated to a god or goddess, a temple, sometimes with the epithet sacra : so Epit. L. Scip. C. I. L. i. 32 ; S. C. Bac. 196. 2 apud aedem Duelonai, and in inscr. before the death of Caesar ; as Lex. lul. Mun. C. I. L. i. 206. 30; Fasti ib. p. 314, 317, 328 ; Varro L. L. 7. 10 hoc ut putarent, aedem templtim esse, foctum quod in urhe Roma pleraeque aedes sacrae sunt templa, eadem sancta ; so frequently in Cic. and all Latin aedes or aedes sacra = a temple, aedes or aedes sacrae = temples. If the deity to whom the temple is consecrated is not mentioned (e. g. aedes Bel- lonae, Martis, deorum or the like), aedes sacra is very often used, though aedes may also be used by itself in the same sense. In Suet. lul. 84 aurata aedes ad simulacrum templi Veneris Genetricis collocata = a shrine modelled after the temple of Venus. 4. In pi. aedes = a set of chambers, so a house : Legg. XII. 67 W ; Plaut. Aul. 98 and al. ; Cato Orat. 36. i ; Enn. Trag. 290 ; Ter. often, and never in sing. ; Mil. Popil. C. I. L. i. ^^i forum aedisque pub- Aediciila — Aedilis. 53 licas heic feci \ Lucr., Cic. and all Latin. In pi. it can also naturally mean houses : met. Plaut. Ps. 469 ^fac sis vocivas aedes aurium. 5. Met., a house, = a family: Plaut. Mil. 310 Rib. (Usually con- nected, perhaps rightly, with Skt. base idh-, indh-, to burn, shine : and so with Greek ai6-a>, etc. Thus aed-es would properly mean a burning, then a iire-place or hearth: yet there is no trace in Latin literature of such a meaning being attached to it.) Aediciila, -ae, dim. of aedes. 1. A small chamber : Plaut. Epid. 402 R in aediculam istanc . . . concludi volo. PI. aediculae =: a little house, sometimes literally, sometimes as in English, a pretty, nice little house : Ter. Ph. 663 aediculae item sunt ob decern alias {oppositae minas) ; Cic. Cael. 1 7 cuius in aediculis habitat decern ut opinor milibus; Paradox. 6. 50 pauper fuit, habuit enini aediculas in Carinis; Petron. 85 aedicularum cultum, and elsewhere in Latin. 2. A small shrine: C. L L. i. 1181 aediculam et hassim magistrei dani; Cic. Dom. 136 cum . . . aram et aediculam et pulvinar . . . dedicasset; \Av. •^^.g. 6 aediculam Victoriae; Vitruv. 7. 5. 3 candelabra aedicularum sustinentia figuras ; Petron. 29 in cuius (armarii) aedicula erant Lares argentei positi ; and elsewhere in Lat. ; C. I. L. 2. 1939 (100 a.d.); 1980 (200 a.d.), both from Baetica, and elsewhere in in.scr. Aedilis, form aidilis C. I. L. i. 30. 61 : abbreviated aid., aed. passim. Nom. sing, aediles, Lex Salpensana 82 a.d. ; C. I. L. 2. 1963. 26. 45, abl. s. aedile ib. 27. 13; Cic. Sest. 95 : aediWYzz. A. 12. 64, and later. An official at Rome, and in Italian or other towns whose constitution resembled that of Rome : the duty of the two aediles, who were originally exclusively plebeian officers, appears to have been to guard the archives deposited with them in the temple {aedes^ of Ceres: Li v. 3. 14. 13 (of the year ■449 B.C.) instiiutum . . . ut senatus consulta in aedem Cereris ad aediles plebis deferrentur ; Pompon. Dig. i. 2. 2. 21 itemque ut essent qui aedibus praeessent in q%ibus (guas }) omnia scita sua plebs de/erebat, duos ex plebe constituerunt qui etiam aediles appellati sunt; so Julius Caesar added to the four aediles existing in his time two additional aediles Ceriales. Comp. Varro L. L. 5. 81 aedilis qui aedes sacras privatas procuraret. They seem originally to have been assistants or subordinate officers to the tribunes : Liv. 3. 57. 10 sunt qui iussu tribunorum aediles functos eo ministerio credant (the function being that of inscribing the laws of the Twelve Tables on bronze) ; in Liv. 4. 30. 1 1 they are said to have been charged with the duty of seeing that no foreign worships were introduced 54 Aedinius— Aeditumor. (428 B.C.). In Liv. 3. 31. 6 (454 B.C.) an aedilis plebis L. Alienus acts as prosecutor of one of the consuls of the past year, in con- junction with a tribunus plebis. In Liv. 29. 20. 11 (204 B.C.) the plebeian aedilis accompanies the tribunes in order if necessary to effect an arrest. The duties of the aedileship, as it existed after the Licinian laws, were chiefly concerned with the internal management of the city, and fell under three main heads. 1. The superin- tendence of trade, including the inspection of weights and measures, the inspection of goods and wares, the supervision of the cattle and slave market, and the regulation of prices for provisions. 2. Cw-a urbis, including the maintenance of the streets in repair (see the Lex lulia Mun.), the keeping them clean, the care of the temples and public buildings (Cic. Verr. 5. 36 ; Varro R. R. i. 2. 2), and a number of other minor duties. 3. Cura ludorum, or the arrangements for certain public games, especially the ludi Romani: this function was taken away from the aediles by Augus- tus. These duties involved a certain amount of judicial autho- rity, necessary to enforce the decrees of the aediles. The word occurs constantly in inscr. and literature from Plaut. down- wards to the time of Alexander Severus, after which we hear no more of the office. On coins the aediles are usually distinguished z.% plebei or curules, and so sometimes in inscr., but in the lists of officials and in laws (as the Lex. lul. Mun.) they are usually spoken of without distinction. Aedinius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1058. 1. 160 (Rome, 210 a.d.) ; I. R. N. 635. I. 4 (Canusium). Aeditimor, aedltimus, see aeditumor, aediiumus. Aeditua, -ae, subst, f., a woman who takes care of a temple : C. I. L. 6. 2213 (Rome) ; Tert. Cult. Fem. 2. i cum omnes templum Dei simus, . . . eius templi aeditua et antistita pudiciiia est. Aeditualis, -i, adj. from aedituus, issued by an aedituus : Tert. Pud. 1 6 qui templo sanciendo purificandoque aeditualem legem scripsit, ' Si quis templum Dei vitiaverit^ etc. Aedituens, part, from verb aediiuor, found in MSS. of Non. p. 75, used as subst. = guardians of temples : Lucr. 6. 1275 hospi- iibus loca quae complerant aedituentes. Aeditumor, verb dep., to act as guardian of a temple : Pompon. 2 (ap. Gell. 12. 10. 7) qui tibi postquam appareo atque aeditumor in templo tuo (so Gellius, not aedituor). Aeditumus — Aedius, 55 Aeditiinius, -i, subst. m., spelt aedittmus C. I. L. 6. 345. 4327 (Rome, early first cent.) ; and aedisHmus ib. 3 7 1 2 (R ome) ; the keeper of a temple : Cic. Top. 36 in quo (posilimmium) Servius noster nihil putat esse notandttni, nisi 'post' et 'liminium' illud productionem esse verbi vult, ut in 'finitimo' ' legitivio,' ' aediti/no ' nan plus esse •-timum' quam in ' meditullio' '-iullium;' Varro R. R. i. 2. i ab ' aeditumo:' ut dicer e didicimus a patribus nostris : ut corrigimur a recentibus urbanis, ab ' aedituo ;' so Varro ap. Gell. 12. 10. 4 in libro secundo ad Marcellum de Latino sermone ' aeditumum ' did oporiere censei, non ' aedituum ; ' Gellius continues, quoting from the Verrines, (4. 96) in exemplaribus fidelissimis ita inveni scriptum : 'aeditumi custodesque mature sentiunt;' in libris autem hoc vulgariis 'aeditui' scriptum est. Pomponii fabula atellania est quae ita scripta est 'aeditumus;' VaiTO L. L. 5. 50 quotes from the sacra Argeorum ubi aeditumus habere solet. In Plaut. Cure. 204 R it may there- fore be questioned whether aedituom or aeditumum should be read. (In form aeditimus corresponds -mXh legitimus and finitimus, as Gell. 12. 10. I remarks: the ending -tivms having a possessive force.) Aeditiius, -i, subst. m. = aeditumus: Gell. 12. 10. i says pro eo (' aeditumus') a plerisque nunc ' aedituus ' dicitur nova et commeniicia usurpatione quasi a tuendis aedibus appellatur. The form aedituus appears to have come into use in Varro's time : see quotations under aeditumus. It is read, however, by the latest editors, in Plaut. Cure. 204 R. In Cic. Verr. 4. 96 the true reading is aeditumus ; Hor. 2. Epist. I. 230 has aedituos, and so frequently later writers, and inscr., e.g. C. I. L. 6. 2203. 2204. 2211 (Rome); nom. sing. aeditus C. I. L. 6. 302. 479. 2207. 2215 ; ace. sing, aedituom C. I. L. 6. 2068, 2. 27 (Rome, 91 a.d.) ; gen. pi. aedituom C. I. L. 6. 2202 (Rome). Aedituus de moneta, = keeper of the mint, C. I. L. 6. 678 (Rome); C. I. L. 3. 5822 (Augsburg) mentions an aedituus singu- larium alae Flav. XI; is this the keeper of a temple frequented by these soldiers.' Met., Hor. 2. Epist. i. 230 cognoscere quales Aedituos haheat belli spectata domique Virtus = guardians, protectors of its interests. Aedituus, cogn. m. : Gell. 19. 9. 10. Aedius, Aedia, nomina : C. I. L. 6. 13 (Rome, 228 a.d.), spelt Aidius C. I. L. 6. 353 (Rome, 51 a.d.), and Aiedius C. I. L. 6. 1056. I. 87 (Rome, 205 A.D.); I. R. N. 4780 (Allifae). S^ Aeeta — Aemidus. Aeeta and Aeetes, Greek n. p. : nom. Aeeld Varro R. R. 2. i. 6; Ov. Her. 12. 29; M. 7. 170; Hygin. Fab. praef. 3. 22. 188: ace. Aeelam Cic. Tusc. 3. 39 ; N. D. 3. 54 ; Hygin. Fab. 3 : abl. Aeeta Cic. N. D. 348; lustin. 32. 3. 13; Hygin. Fab. 14: voc. Aeeia Val. Fl. 7. 89, 8. 11. 350; Cic. Tusc. 3. 26 : Val. Fl. uses nom. Aeetes and ace. Aeeien. Aegis, -Idis, Greek ace. aegxda, subst. f. = Greek aXyk, properly a goat-skin, but almost always used of the arm or weapon of Jupiter or Minerva; whether the weapon was a shield or a corselet is not certain : Lactant. i. 21. 39 takes the aegis as = a shield; but Serv. on Aen. 8. 435 says, ^ aegis' proprie est munimentum pectoris aereum hahens in medio Gorgonis caput ; quod munimentum, si in pectore numinis fuerit, 'aegis' vocatur, si in pectore hominis, sicut in antiquis imperatorum statuis videmus, ' lorica ' dicitur. The aegis is spoken of as shaken by a god holding it by Verg. A. 8. 354 lovem, cum saepe nigrantem Aegida concuteret dextra nimbosque cieret; so Sil. 7. 12. 335, 720. In Ov. M. 5. 46 bellica Pallas adest et protegit aegide fratrem, aegis may be a shield, though not necessarily : it may also mean a robe ; in Verg. A. 8. 435 aegidaque horriferam, turbatae Palladis arma, Certatim squamis serpenlum avroque polihant, it may well be a lorica ; so perhaps Sil. 9. 441 ; and this it must be in Ov. M. 6. 78 at sibi dat clipeum, dat acutae cuspidis hastam, Dat galea?n capiii, defenditur aegide pectus ; in Hor. 3. C. 4. 57 contra sonantem Palladis aegida, it may be either. Met. = a veil held before the eyes : Ov. Rem. Am. 346 decipit hac oculos aegide dives Amor. There seems to be no really decisive evidence that the aegis was a shield : its primary notion seems to be that of a storm-cloud enveloping the form of a god. Aegrlmonium = aegrinwnia : Glossae Nominum p. 7 Lowe aegrimonium aegritudo ; Exc. Id. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 582 aegrimonium, v&aos; Matth. 8. 17 e transl. Isid. aegrimonia nostra portavit; Iren. 2. 18. 2 {absorbetur) aegrimonium ab in- columitate. Aegripomium, Lat. equivalent for (pdivorrmpov, ■= autumn ; Glossae Nom. p. 7 Lowe aegripumium (sic) auciumnus. Aegror, sickness, real or metaphorical: restored to Pacuv. 275 and Ace. 349 by Lachmann. Found actually in Lucr. 6. 1132. Aemidus = tumidus, swelling: Paul. p. 24 M; Gloss. Philox. aemidus, Trc^uo-j/fitVor ; and other glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 100 note Gloss. Bodl. 'aemidus' tumidus, sufflatus. Aemobolium — Aemulator. 57 Aeindbdlluiu {ai/infioKiov), sprinkling of blood : I. R. N. 5308 (Teate) criobolium et aemobolium movit de suo Petronius Marcellus. Aeni'iilamentuin, -i, subst. n. from aemulo : Tert. Carm. contra Marc. 4. I with a, nos aemulamenta locuH. Aemiilatid, -onis (aemulo), rivalry, emulation, in both good and bad sense : Cic. Tusc. 4.17 aemulatio autem dupliciter ilia quidem dicitur, ut et in laude el in vitio nomen hoc sit. Nam et imitaiio virtutis aemulatio dicitur . . . et est aemulatio aegritudo, si eo quod concupierit alius potiatur, ipse careat; 4. 56 ilia vitiosa aemu- latione quae rivalitati similis est. 1. In a good sense : Quint. I. 2. 22 aemulatio . . . excilabitur laude; ib. 26 aem. firviiores in litteris profectus alit; comp. 11. i. 16; Tac. Agr. 36, and else- where. 2. In bad sense. (a) Tac. frequently; Plin. 17. 3 odio quod ex aemulatione avidissimum est ; Flor. i . 1 1 . i ; and in other authors. (b) With cum of the person against whom jealousy is felt: Suet. Tib. 12 aemulationis cum Gaio Lucioque suspicionem. (c) With inter, of two persons : Tac. A. 6. 4 aemulationem inter collegas oblitterari respondit. (d) With gen. of the object on account of which, or in regard to which, jealousy or emulation is felt : Nep. Att. 5. 4 laudis ; Liv. 35. 47. 4 aemulatione gloriae in bello Laconum; lustin. praef. ^/orza^ ; Tac. A. 2. \^ aemulatione gloriae; and often elsewhere in Tac. 3. The attempt to imitate or rival : Quint. 10. i. 50 ut magni sit virtutes eius non aemulatione sed intellectu sequi; ib. 5. 5 neque ego paraphrasim esse interpretationem tantum volo, sed circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulationem ; Tac. H. 2. 91 inrisere plerique inpudentiam aemulationis (the profession of such a rivalry). (b) In the same sense with gen.: Plin. 25. 8 pictura fallax est coloribus, tam numerosis praesertim in aemu- lationem naturae; Tac. A. 2. 59 /". Scipionis aemulatione; H. i. 13 gratus Neroni aemulatione luxus. 4. In Eccl. Lat. = zeal. (a) With gen. of the obj.: Vulg. Rom. 10. 2 aemulationem Dei. (b) With pro : Vulg. 2 Cor. 7. 7 vestram aemulationem pro me. 5. Zeal towards, affection for: Vulg. 2 Cor.. 11. 2 aemulor enim vos Dei aemulatione. 6. Anger, indignation : Vulg. Ps. 77. 58 ad aemulationem eum provocarunt. With gen. = opposition to, wrath against: Tert. Marc. 4. 20 aemulationem legis. Aemiilator. 1. One who is zealous for or about a thing, = fi)X(BTJjr, with gen. of object : Vulg. Act. 21. 20 aemulatores legis ; I Cor. 14. 12 aemulatores spirituum; and elsewhere Vulg. 2. One who is angry and desirous of vengeance: Vulg. los. 24. 19 58 Aemulatus — Aequiternus. Deus enim fortis ae?nulaior est; and elsewhere in Vulg. (See Ronsch S. B. p. 6.) Aemiilatus, -us, rivalry, emulation : in pi. Tac. A. 13. 46 ne in urbe aemulatus ageret. (Not in Tac. H. 3. 66, where it was quoted from a conjecture of Lipsius.) Aemulor, with ace. 1. In the sense of desiring, coveting earnestly: Vulg. i Cor. 12. 31 aemulamini charismata meliora; ib. 14. 1 aemulamini spiritalia. 2. = ^ijXom, to provoke to anger: Vulg. Gal. 4. 17 aemulantur vos non bene; 1 Cor. 10. 22 an aemu- lemur Dominum? 3. = fi/Xdu, to be jealous on behalf of: Vulg. 2 Cor. II. 2 aemulor vos Dei aemulatione. Abs. 1. = Ci^eia, to be zealous: Vulg. Apoc. 3. 19 aemulare ergo et paeni- tentiam age. 2. To be angry: Vulg. Ps. 36. i. 7 aemulari in Aeneator, subst. ag. from aeneo (aeneus), a player on a brass instrument : Paul. p. 20 M ; Gloss. Philox. aeneator, ^6 ne te adflietes; Lucr. 4. 1158 quoniam foedo adflidentur amore ; Cic. Att. 3. 12. 2 accuras quod me adflidem ; Att. 11. i . i adflidor acerbissime de do- mestieis rebus, also in his orations, as Cat. i . 3 1 multo gravius vehe- mentiusque adflietantur ; Sail. Cat. 31. 3 mulieres . . . adflietare sese; Petron. m adflidantem se et mortem inedia persequentem; Tac. A. 6. 35 adfl. aliquem vulneribus, and elsewhere several times both of persons and of nations or cities. Afflictor — Afla.igo. 7 7 Aflaietor, -oris, (adfl-) {adjligo), one who dashes to the ground : Met., Cic. Pis. 64 adflictorem et perditorem non modo dignitatis et auctoritatis, sed omnino ordinis ac nominis sui; Salvian G. D. 5. 10. 56 esto sis adflidor omnium, dummodo extraneorum. AfBigo, -Is, -ere, -flixi, -flictum (adfl-), subj. perf. 3rd pars. pi. , adflixint: Fronto M. Aur. 3. 3; inf. pass, adfligier Seren. Samm. 832 ; part. pass. fern, afleicta Tit. Sor. C. I. L. i. 1175. 1. To knock down, dash to the ground, in pass, sometimes to fall: occasionally with dat. of the ground: Plaut. Rud. loio R adfligam adterram te; so Pers. 793 R, Most. 320 L adfligi te nolo (to fall); so Mil. 1326 Rib. ne adfligatur; Cic. Pis. 93 illi autem statuam . . . deiurlant, adfligunt; Gael. 78 qui Catuli monumentum adflixit; Dom. 106 domum; Caes. G. 6. 27 alces, arbores; Sail. I. 60. 7 qui supersteterant adflidi sunt; loi. 11 equi atque viri adflicti; Ov. M. 12. 139; 14. 206 aliquem, corpora, adfligere, terrae; Col. 2. lo. 2 lupinum . . .frigorihus adjligitur. Tac. several times : with dat. H. I. 41 Galhae imaginem solo adflixit; A. 4. 45 saxo caput, and else- where in Latin in this sense. 2. To dash against or upon, with ace, ad -viith. ace. and dat.: Lucr. 4. 1081 oscula adfligunt (= adfl. osculum osculo) ; Sail. H. 3. 24 adflicti alveos (dashed against the hulls); Cic. Rab. Perd. 2^ ad quos (scopulos) C. Titii adflictam navem . . . videres. 3. To knock about, damage : Caes. G. 4. 31 quae gravissime adfliciae erant (naves); so 5. 10; C. 3. 27; Quint. I. 12. 10 corpora infantium nee casus . . . tarn graviter adfligit. 4. Met., to dash down, prostrate, crush, in various applications: Lucr. 2. 945 quamvis animantem grandior ictus . . . adfligit; Catuli. 71. 6 illam adfligit odore; Cic. Att. 12. 50 me tuus discessus adflixit; i. 16. 10 adflictus magnis clamor ihus conticuit et concidit; 2. 19. 2 Pompeius ipse se adflixit; and constantly in Cic. who has adfl. rem puhlicam, socios, civitatem, patriam, Lyciam, Graeciam, adulescentiam, fortunam, condicionem, veciigalia, etc. (= to ruin) ; Sest. 89 causam susceptam adfligeret (i. e. throw down, abandon) ; comp. Suet. Rhet. 6 non sine magna sua invidia negotium adflixit; Cic. Tusc. 4. 34 animos adfligere et debilitare metu (dash the spirits); Brut. 47 rem . . . vituperando . . . adfligere i^o lower it.) Tac. often, like Cicero; he has civitatem, rem, domum, animum, Italiam, Corsicam, adfligere, and the like ; of a person ruined by a judicial decision, A. 4. 71 scelerum ministros adflixit; so 4. 52; 6. 18. 5. Of price, to lower: Dig. 3. 51. •3,0 pretium siliginis . . . adflictum esse. 6. Part. pass, adflictus as adj., comp. adflictior, prostrate, despairing: Tit. Sor. C. I. L. 7 8 Affluentia — Affluo. I. 1175 quod re sua difeidens aspere afleicta; Cic. Fam. 6. i. 6 adflidior condicio; Varro R. R. 3. 16. 37 adflictae iacent apes; Cic. Fam. I. 9. 3 adflktum exctfare ; Sail. I. 76. b postquam . . . res suas adflictas vident; Verg. A. i. 452 adflictis melius confidere rebus; 2, 92 adflictiis vitam in tenebris luduque trahebam, and elsewhere in Latin. (In Gell. 2. 6. 9 and the identical passage Macrob. S. 6. 7. 12, the true reading is effliciis.) Affluentia (adfl.-) and afluentia. Adiluentia, literally a flowing towards, is found in the sense of abundance, superfluity, in the text of Cic. Agr. 2. 95 ex hac copia alque adfluentia rerum omnium; Nep. Att. 13. 5 mimditiem, non adfluentiam adfeciabat ; Plin. Pan. 29. I adfluentia annonae; Tac. A. 3. 30 copiaque et adfluentia (but Halm writes afluentia); 16. 18 nihil amoenum atque molle adfluentia putabat nisi, etc. (It is highly probable that afluentia is the right reading in all these passages.) Afltientia. 1. A flowing away: Gloss. Cyrill. anoppoia, affluentia (i. e. afl-) : probably to be read for affluentia in Plin. 26. 94 inlita quoque radix .... inhibet non solum venerem sed etiam afluentiam. 2. Abundance, exuberance: Quint. 12. 10. 13 (so the best MSS.) nimiis floribus et ingenii afluentia; Edict. Diocl. prooem. 6. 7 velut quodam afluentiae privilegio; ib. i. 2-^ publicae /elicitatis afluentiam stringere; Oros. i. 8. 11/uerunt . , . aliiseptem ubertatis anni. Quorum afluentiam . . . collegit {afflueniiam Zangemeister, but P and D, two eighth century MSS., afluentiam); Ennod. Ep. 3.28 eloquii . . . afluentia (so B, a ninth century MS., but affl- Hartel) ; ib. 29 oris afluentia, not affl-, should probably be read; Aug. C. D. 14. 10 (Verona MS. of sixth or seventh century) in tantorum tanta afluentia bonorum ; probably also to be read in Isid. Or. 20. 2. 3 afluentia (affl- edd.) nuncupata est quasi ret nimium exuberantis effusio ultra quam satis est modusque non est. Affluitaa, -atis (adfl-), abundance : Hieron. in Job 38 (p. 758 Migne) affluitatem divinae gratiae (? afluitatem ?). Affluo (adfl-). 1. To flow to or towards ; used both of liquids and other masses in motion, as of crowds of people and the like: Verg. A. 2. 796 numerum ingentem comitum adfluxisse novorum; Liv. 35. 3. i adfluente multitudine ad spem praedae; 35. 29. 9 Euro tarn . , . qui pr ope ipsis adfluit moenibus; 39. 31. 12 ut quaeque poterat, copiae adfluebant; Col. i. 4. 10 cum a vertice torrens imbribus conceptus (f conceptisT) adfluxerit (but perhaps afluxerit should be read = abundaverit) ; of the tide cominn- in : Aflluus — Afluo, 79 Plin. 2. 212 bis . . . adfluunt bisque remeant; g. ^6 pisces in eadem aqua adsidui, si non adjluat, exanimantur (if they get no fresh water) ; Tac. A. 2. 6 Rhenus ad GaUicam ripam laiior et placidior adfluens; several times of crowds of people: comp. A. 2. 35 adfluentes pro- vincias; Arnob. 7- i7 deos etiam creditis in eorum adfluere voluptates (crowd to obtain). 2. Met., Cic. Q. F. 3. 3. i nihil a te . . .ne rumoris quidem adfluxit; Fin. 1.39 voluptas quae . . . ad eos (sensus) cum suavitate adflueret; Hon 4. C. 11. 19 adfluentes ... annos (flowing in, increasing in numbers). 3. (a) Adfluo, in the sense of to abound, be plentiful, with part. pres. adfluens used as adj. in the sense of abundant, is found in some MS. texts : e. g. Sail. C. 36. 4 domi otium atque divitiae . . . adfluerent; Vitruv. 2. pr. 3 civitas sine agris et eorum fructibus in moenibus affluentibus ; 8. I. 2 (aquae) uberiores et adfluentiores ; Tac. H. 2. 80 laeta omnia et adfluentia excepit. (b) With abl. of thing, to abound in a thing, have plenty of it, so affluens as adj. : Lucr. 6. 13 divitiis homines et honore potentes Adfluere; Cic. Rose. Com. 27 homo Venerius, adfluens omni lepore ac venustate ; Agr. 2. 82 ad paucos opibus et copiis adfluentes; Cluent. 189 domum . . . scelere omni ad- fluentem; N. D. i. 51 adfluentius nihil omnibus bonis; Arch. 4 urbe . . . eruditissimis hominibus liberalissimisque studiis adfluenii; adv. adfluenter Solin. 9. 13; Oros. 6. 20. 7 affluenter atque incessabiliter (so Zangemeister, but his oldest MSS. give afl-). Ex affluenti, in abundance: Tac. H. i. 57 quibus praesentia ex aflluenti. (In Plant. Mil. 13 17 Rib. uti fluat facetiis is the right reading.) (c) Ad- flttens = luxurious : Nep. Att. 14 adfluentius vivere; Tac. A. 15. 54 adfluentius solito convivium initum; Quint. Decl. 9-10 (Burmann) solutus atque adfluens. (Perhaps in all the passages quoted under 3. afluo, afluens should be written. In Vulg. 2 Pet. 2. 13 the codd. Fuld. and Cav. read afluentes = luxurious; cod. Amiat. affluentes^ Affliius (adfl-), abundant, overflowing (afluusT): Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8 affluus abundans; perhaps in Gloss. Epinal. eleveus abundans is a corruption for afluus abundans; lul. Val. 3. 29 (3. i'f)flumen quidem adfluum vident. Afliio (see Dombart in Jahn's Jahrbucher, 1877, p. 341 foil.), 1. To flow away, off from, down from (anoppiiv) : Parens would read it in Cic. N. D. i. 41 cumque ex ipso imagines semper afluant; Gell. 5. 16. 3 Epicurus autem afluere semper ex omnibus corporibus simulacra quaedam corporum ipsorum eaque sese in oculos inferre ; Apul. M. 4. 6 (so Laurent. 68. 2. saec. 11) de summo vertice fons afluens bullis ingentibus scaturribat; Arnob. 2. 25 (so cod. Parisv 8o Aflfurcillo — Africia, afluens anina ex craterihus vivis; Ps. Cypr. de montibus Sina et Sion 8 de latere {Christi) sanguis et aqua mixtus afluebat. 2. Of a person, to drip, overflow: Cic. Sest. i8 unguentis afluens (so schol. Bob. saec. 6). 3. Met., (like abundo) to be abun- dant, overflow: Plaut. Pseud. 191 (Vetus and DecuxL) frumento afluam; Cic. Div. i. 61 sive abundat atque afluit; Liv. 3. 26. 7 (Med. and Par. m. p.) nisi ubi effusae afluant opes; Liv. 6. ig. 9 (according to tlie Parisinus saec. 10 and Mediceus saec. ii ex eo quod afluit opibus vestris sustinendo necessitates aliorum ; (?) Suet. Claud. 44 afluente cibo ; Fronto ad M. Caes. 5. p. 78 N afluunt (they overflow) ; Cypr. De Hab. Virg. \'>, perniciosis opibus afluenies ; De Op. et Eleem. 22 ; Lactant. Inst. Div. 5. 21. 8 quibus {bonis) quia carere iustos vident et afluere iniustos ; Edictum Dioclet. prooemium 6. 9 in his locis ubi copia rerum perspicietur afluere. (See further under affluo 3.) Affurcillo, -as (adf-), to shake, make unsteady : Placid, p. 8 Deuerl. ' adfurcillavi' subrui, labefactavi, concussi. Affusio, -onis (adf-), {ad/undo) ; affusion or pouring on : Pallad. 2. 28. 2 aliqui antidoti eius adfusione radices vitis infundunt. Afldenus, nom. m., for Aufidenus: C. I. L. 4. 1627 (Pompeii). Afldius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 970 (Aquileia). Afledius, nom. m. : I. R, N. 4150 (Fundi). AfllanuSj nom. m. : Eph. Epigr. 2. p. 31 (Hiibner, Quaest. Onom.). Afllius, nom. m. : Eph. Epigr. i. p. 26 (Praeneste). Aflllius, nom. m. : I. R. N. 2362 (Pompeii). Afinius and Aflnia, nomina: C. I. L. 6. 1058, 1104 (Rome, 210 and 254 A.D.); I. R. N. often (e.g. at Aesernia). Aflstius, nom. m. (uncertain) : C. I. L. 4. 2501 (Pompeii). Aflus (or Apius?) nom. m. : C. I. L. 4. 1609 (Pompeii). Afluxio, a flowing away : Placidus p. 4. D aporria . . . est afluxio vel derivatio. Afonius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 270 (Rome). Afrarlus, African: C. I. L. 6. 1624 (Rome, 427 a. D.) Afrarii mercatores frumentarii et olearii. Afreius and Afreia, nomina : C. I. L..5. 5936 (Milan), i. 1345 (Orvieto). Africia, a kind of cake used in sacrifices: Arnob. 7. 24 quid fitilla, quid /rumen, quid africia. Afronia — Ager . 8 1 Afronia, nom. f. : C. I. L. g. 3000 (Patavium) ; Val. Max. 7. 8. 2. Aganactesis (dyavaAcnjo-js), the rhetorical figure of indignalio or expression of indignation : lul. Ruf. 11 (Halm R. L. M. p. 41). Agath6eles, Greek n. p. : Plaut. Pseud. 532 R; Most. 762 L in ace. -em ; gen. Agathocli Cic. Verr. 4. 122 ; ace. AgathocUa Auson. Epigr. 8. I {19. 2. I. p, 311 Peiper). Agea, a gangway in a ship: Enn. A. 484 agea longa; Paul, p. 10 M agea via in navi dicta; Isid. Or. 19. 2. 4 (as emended by Lowe) agea via est longa in navi; Gloss. Philox. agea, napaiievav koI irdpoSos ttXoi'ov, emended by Sealiger agea, nap' 'Ewia mpoSos irKotov : (? does vKoi in napapivav Kai Stand for paKpa ? Trap' "'E.vvia paKpa jrdpoSos ttXoi'ou ?) Ageator, hortator : so Gotz in the Archiv 2. p. 340 would emend a gloss 'aegeator ' hortator ; deriving ageator from agea. Agedelicus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 7. 1336. 25 (London). Agedicum, name of a city of the Senones : Caes. G. 6. 44, 7. 10 al. Agedilltis, cogn. m. : C. L L. 7. 1336. 24; 1337. 3 (both London). Agellanlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1058, iii. 10 (Rome, 210 a.d.). Agellarius, rustic : Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8 ' agellarius, ' rusticus. Agelllus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1056, ii. 33 (Rome, 205 a.d.). AgelliilTis, -i, subst. m. dim. of agellus, a very little field : Priap. 85 (86). 3 : Arnob. i. 21. Ager, agri. 1. A tract or piece of land definitely measured out and belonging to a community or to a person, the territory of a community, the landed estate of a person ; very frequent in all Latin, both in sing, and pi. : Plaut. Trin. 508 est ager sub urbe nobis; Lex Agraria C. I. L. i. 200 locus ager aedificium; Enn. A. 487 laetos agros ; Cato R. R. 1.4 siet in iis agris qui non saepe dominum mutant; Termini Gracchani C. I. L. i. g 5 2-5 5 5 iii virei a{gris) iiudicandis) a{dsignandis), and in pi. often in legal documents : Ter. Ph. 365 and elsewhere ; Ace. 600 Thehani agri (territory). Varro L. L. 5. 33 says that the augurs distinguished five %oxi%o^ ager, Ro- manus, Gabinus, Peregrinus, Hosticus, Incertus; 5. 32 qua regnum fuit Latini, universus ager dictus Latium (the territory or tract) ; for other kinds of ager see Liber Coloniarum i ap. Grom. Lat. Lachm. p. 246. In legal documents ager is found with various epithets, as agerpublicus or the territory of a,populus or community : Lex Agr. C. I. L. I. 200. I ager publicus popuK Romani in terram Italiam G 8a Aggeniciilatio — Agger. (sic: ? terra Italia), andpassi'm; ager privatus Sent. Minuc. C. I. L. 1. 199. 5. d qui ager privatus casteli Viiuriorum est: agercompascuos, pasture-land held by a number of private individuals : Lex Agr. C. I. L. I. 200. 14 and 25 ; Sent. Minuc. ib. 199. 33 ; and the like. The technical limits of an ager privatus are given by Varro L. L. 5. 34. 2. Cultivated land in general: Plaut. Amph. 193 R qui praeda agroque adoreaque adfecit populares suos ; Cic. TuU. 42 aedificiorum expugnationes , agri vastationes ; Lucr. 2. 11 70 cum minor esset agri multo modus ante viritim; Verg. A. 10. 563 ditis- simus agri. 3. Country, land in general ; common in Latin in sing, and pi. : Lucr. 5. 1448 agri culturas; 6. 642 Siculum per agros; 5. \2i,'i, pandere agros pingues; Sail. L 17. 5 ager frugum fertilis ; 79. 3 ager in medio harenosus; Cic. Sest. 91 ut . . . homines . . .fusi per agros ac dispersi vagarentur. 4. = terra, a region: Verg. A. 7. 206 his ortus ut agris Dardanus, etc. ; 12. ^16 fratres Lycia missos et Apollinis agris, and elsewhere in Verg. 5. The country as opposed to the town: Ter. Eun. 972 neque agri neque urbis odium me unquam percipit ; Ace. 537 urbe agr one} Lucr. 6. 1259 ex agris is maeror in urhem Confluxit ; Caes. G. 4. 32. 34 in agris = in the country ; so G. i . 4 «.r agris, and often elsewhere in Caes., always in pi. : so Cic. Cat. 2. 8 non solum ex urhe verum etiam ex agris ; so elsewhere in agris ; and so in all Latin. 6. In a legal sense, the phrase in agro is often found on sepulchral cippi to denote the extent of consecrated ground backwards from the roadway, in fronte indicating the length of frontage. In inscr. this phrase is frequently abbreviated in ag., in agr., in agrum once C. I. L. I. 1059. I'^ ^■ii epitaph at Cremona, C. I. L. i. 1430, we have locus patet agrei sesconciam quadratus \ comp. Hor. i. S. 8. 12; Quint. 7. 9. 5. Aggenieiilatid, a bending of the knee : Hieron. Quaest. Hebr. in Gen. 41. 43. AggSr, -is, spelt ager Lucil. 11. 5, 26. 81. 1. Material for making a pile or bank, such as earth, stones, brush-wood, rubbish, etc. : Serv. A. 9. 567 agger est cuiuslihet rei coacervatio, unde fossae aut valles possunt repleri; the same in Isidore. Lucil. II. 5 viai sternendai iaciendum hie agerem; 26. 81 agere in iaci- undo si queis vineis actis opust ; Caes. G. 5. 9 aggere ad munitiones adiecto; elsewhere he has agger em comportare, petere ; G. 7. 58, 86; C. 3- 63 fossas aggere explere, complere, paludem aggere explere ; 7. 22 agger quotidianus = the earth thrown on from day to day; Verg. A. 9. 567 fossas aggere complent; perhaps 7. 127 molirique Agger. 83 agger e teda (to make coverings out of stones and earth?); Curt. 8. 10. 27 (37) quia nee cavernas, nisi aggere, poterat implere; Tac. A. i. 65 struendum vallum, pefendus agger. 2. A pile, heap, mound, eminence ; sometimes with gen. of the thing made by it, or of the thing of which it is made: Varro R. R. i. 14. 2 lerreus agger; Hecatombe 3 ararum aggeres; Catull. 64. 363 excelso coacervatum aggere busium ; Verg. often thus : e. g. A. i . 112 aggere harenae ; 7. 6 aggere composito tumuli; 7. 106 ab aggere gramineo ripae; 11. 382 agger moerorum ; w.ii^o ex terreno aggere btistum ; G. 3. 54. aggeribus niveis; Ov. M. 14. 445 herboso religaius ab aggere funis, and elsewhere in Ov. ; Tac. H. 2. 70 aggerem armorum; Amm. 16. 12. 54 elati cadaverum aggeres; so aggeres ^ tumuli (toiahs) Arnob. I. 46. 3. Special uses. (a) A wall, or bank of earth, etc., for purposes of defence: Varro L. L. 5. 141 quod exaggerabant, aggeres dicii; R. R. i. 14. 3 of defending 2^. fundus: agger is bonus qui intrinsecus iunctus fossa. (b) A mole or breakwater : Caes. C. 3. 25 moles atque aggerem ab utraque parte liioris iaciebat; Ov. M. 15. 690 ad incurvo munitos aggere portus; Vitniv. 5. 12. 2 ex altera parte structuris sive aggeribus expediantur progressus. (c) A dam for keeping back a river: Verg. A. 2. 496 aggeribus ruptis cum spumeus amnis Exiit; Plin. 35. 169 ; Tac. A. 13. 53 ; Dig. 43. 13. I. 7, al. lur. (d) As military 1. 1. (a) a wall thrown up for the defence of a Roman camp out of the earth dug from the fossa : Caes. G. 7. 72 post eas {fossas) aggerem ac vallum xii pedum extruxit; ib. C. 3. 63 eius valli agger; Verg. A. 7. \^% primasque in litore sedes Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit ; ib. 9. 43; Tac. often; Veget. 3. 8, and often elsewhere. {0) an em- bankment raised by the besiegers of a town for the purpose of scaling the wall: Caes. G. 3. 21, and often dsewhere; Cic. Phil. 10. 9 (met.) ut esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio vel agger oppug- nandae Italiae Graecia ; Att. 5. 20. 5; Sail. 1. 92. 7 aggeribus turribusque et altis machinationibus locus importunus; Li v. 8. 16. 8 itaque agger ern et vineas egit;' Tac. often, and frequently else- where in Latin. (e) A terrace of a private house: Plin. 15. 47 aggeribus praecipue decora (mala) quoniam et in tecta iam silvae scandunt. (f) A raised roadway, sometimes with, sometimes without, viae; when with viae, ace. to Serv. A. 5. 273, agger means the middle of the road: media viae eminentia, coaggeratis lapi- dibus structa; Verg. A. 5. 273 viae deprensus in aggere serpens; Tac. H. 2. 24 aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere; so ib. 42. 3. 21, 23; A. I. 61 pontes et aggeres umido paludum G 2 84 Aggereus— Aggero. etfallacibus campis imponere ; 2. 7 cuncta . . . novis limitibus aggeri- busque permunita; 4. *i'^ proxima aestuaria aggerihus et pontibus iraducendo graviori agmini firviat; Rutil. Namat. De Red. i. 39 Aurelius agger; and elsewhere in Latin. (g) A bridge j Stat. Silv. 2. 1. 176 Flaminio quae limite Milvius agger Extulerat. (h) A wall or embankment raised for the purpose of marking a boundary: Tac. A. 2. 19 latus unum Angrivarii lato aggere ex- iulerant, quo a Cheruscis dirimerentur ; so ib. 20. As the name of a part of Rome, the great wall or embankment attributed to Servius Tullius, and by some to Tarquinius Superbus : Cic. Rep. 2. 11; Liv. I. 44. 3; Hor. I. S. 8. 15; Plin. 3. 67, 36. 104; luv. 8. 43 al. (i) Of the bank of a river : Sii\, 10. ^2 aggere flumtneo, 4. Met. (a) Of mountains : Verg. A. 6. 830 aggeribus socer Alpinis atque arce Monoeci Descendens ; Sen. Here. (Oet.) r68 tumidus Gyas Supra Thessalicuni constitit agger em; Amm. 21. 10. 4 sub hac altitudine aggerum . . . camporum planities iacet. (b) Of waves; Lucan 5. 674 nee rursus ab alto Aggere deiecit pelagi ; Sen. Phaedr. 1025 consurgil ingens pontus in vastum aggerem ; Sil. 4. 649 agger aquarum; 1*]. 2>jo sub airis Aequoris aggeribus. {Ad, gero.) Aggereus, supposed adj. from agger, corrupt reading Anth. Lat. 483. 38 (Riese). Aggerius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1796 d (Rome). Aggero, -as, -avi {agger). 1. To pile up into a mound, or heap, or bank : Verg. G. 3. 556 agger at ipsis In stabulis turpi dilapsa cadaver a tabe; A. 11. 78 multaque praelerea Laurentis praemia pugnae Aggerat; Moret. 51 super agger at ignes ; Vitruv. 2. 3. I haec genera {terrae) . . .faciliter aggerantur ; Phaedr. 4. 19. 20 dum quadrantes aggeras patrimonio \ Col. De Arb. 28. 3 stercoratam terram circa agger ato ; Tac. A. i. 61 albentia ossa, disiecta vel agger ata; 6. 19 iacuit immensa strages . . . dispersi aggerati ; 15. 15 armis et corporibus caesorum agger atis. 2. To raise or construct a roadway: Tac. A. i. 63 trames quondam a L. Domitio agger aius. 3. To surround with a heap of earth: Col. 11. 2. 46 omnes arbores fructiferae circumfossae agger ari debent. 4. To pile up, heap up, beset with: Apul. M. 4. 6 convalles . . . nimium pinetis aggeratae. 5. Met., to increase, add to : Verg. A. 4. 197 incendiique animum dictis atque aggerat iras; 11. 342 his onerat dictis atque aggerat iras; Sil. 2. 359 clades et incendia belli (= exaggerates in words) ; Stat.Theb. 2. 198 dictis impensius aggerat omne Promissum (adds to, enhances); Arnob. i. 3 quantae quotiens . . . gentes aggerata interierint vastitate (renewed again and again). Aggero — Ag^r^vo. 85 Aggero, -gessi. 1. In the sense of to pile up : Verg. A. 3. 63 ingens Aggeritur tumulo tellus; Mart. 8. 57 aggesta coniumu- lavit humo; Plin. z8. 122 terra pedibus adgesia; Tac. A. i. 19 aggerehatur nihilo minus caespes (Halm aggerabatur). 2. Met., of language, to add new statements: Tac. A. 2. 57 iniendere vera, adgereri falsa; 3. 67 multa adgerehantur etiam insontibus periculosa; 13. 14 iniendere manus, aggerere prohra. 3. Part. pass. neut. aggestum used as a subst. = a pile: Amm. 19. 8. i ex adgesiis erectis intrinsecus ; 20. 1 1. 23 prunas unius aggesti. Aggldmero, -as (adg-), in transitive sense. (a) To gather to, join to, with dat. of thing to which : Verg. A. 2. 341 et lateri ad- glomerant nostra (understand se from v. 339 addunt se); 12. 458 densi cuneis se quisque coaciis Adglomerant ; Sil. 5. 238 tunc alacres arma adglomerant. (b) To gather or mass together : Val. Flacc.^ 2.197 ^P^'^ Venus qudssans undantem turbine pinum Adglomerat tene- bras ; ib. 499 Sigeaque pestis Adglomerare /return. Of soldiers : ib. 3. 87 adglomerant later a et densis thoracibus horrens Stat manus; Paul. p. 25 M has a gloss ' axe agglomerati' universi stantes, i.e. in cohortibus out legionibus, which may show that adglomerare was a military t. t. ; comp. Verg. 1. c. Aggonla, nom. f. : C. I. L. 5. 3390 (Verona). Aggravatio (adgr-), a burdening, oppression: Arnob. lun. in Ps. 43 aggr. ventris ; met., opp. to relevatio : Salv. G. D. 5. 34. p. 113 Pauly nam sicut sunt in adgravatione pauperes primi, ita in relevatione postremi (oppression as opposed to relief). Paucker quotes also Hieron. in Ezech. comm. 8, ad 27. 25 quae glorificatio fuit aggravatio possidentis, and the word is also found in Augustine and other late Latin. Aggravo, -as (adg-). 1. To make heavier : Plin. 18. 117 lomentum appellatur farina eius, adgravaturque pondus ilia; 2. 132 ruinam suam illo pondere adgravans. (a) To make heavy, i. e. to give a feeling of heaviness to, oppress: Plin. 12. 79 odor . . . iucundus sed adgravans capita; ib. 25. 50 caput adgravans tnaxime; Suet. lul. I quamquam morbo quartanae adgravante (ace. being understood). (b) Met. to make heavier, give fresh weight to, make more serious, painful, oppressive, difficult: Li v. 4. 12. 7 quo {bello) si adgravatae res essent; 44. 7. 11 sine ulla ope hostis, quae adgravaret, cum ipsa difficultate rerum pugnandum erat: Curt. 8. 10. 29 cum . . . frigescens vulnus adgravaret dolorem, and elsewhere; Colum. 2. 4. 7 ratio rustici adgravatur exiguo 86 AggrSgo. profectu open's; 7. 5. 3 ne imbecilliias {pecoris) longis itineribus adgravetur; Plin. 28. 31 adgravart vulnera; lb. 3^ adgravant ictus; Sen. Ben. 4. 13. 2 voluptas . . . vel rationes nostras adgravatura; Sen. Controv. 9. 25. 28, p. 260 Bursian (cacozelid) amaritudinem verborum quasi adgravaturam expetit; Vulg. lud. i. 35 adgravata est manus Joseph, and so elsewhere in Vulg. (c) In Vulg., of the heart or will, to harden, make obdurate : i Reg. 6. 6 quare aggravatis corda vestra sicut aggravavit Aegyptus et Pharao cor suum ? and often elsewhere. (d) Of a fact, to exaggerate in statement, opp. to elevare: Liv. 6. 27. 3 adgravantibus summam eiiam invidiae eius tribunis plehis. 2. To oppress, weigh heavily upon: C. I. L. 2. 1359 (Arunda in Baetica) adgravari sumptu; Vulg. Is. 9. I novissimo adgravata est via maris trans lordanem. (b) Met., to bear hardly upon: Quint. 5. 7. 18 argumenta quae per se nihil reum adgravare videantur. 3. In pass, adgravor, to be annoyed, angry at, with dat. : Vulg. Eccles. 25. 3 tres species odivit anima mea, et adgravor valde animae illorum. Aggrego, -as (adgr-). 1. To bring to the flock: Paul, p. 23 M ' adgregare' est ad gr eg em ducere. 2, Met., constr. abs., with dat. ad, in with ace, and local adv. (a) Qf soldiers joining their ranks : Caes. G. 4. 26 alius alia ex navi, quibuscunque signis occurrerat, se adgregabat. (b) Of gathering persons together : Cic. Cat. I. 30 eodem ceieros undique conlectos naufragos adgregavit. (c) Of attaching to a person, or to his friendship or interest ; Caes. G. 6. 12 qui se ad eorum amicitiam adgr egaver ant; Cic. Fam. I. 9. 4 meam voluntatem ad summi viri dignitatem adgregassem (had ranged my feelings on the side of his obtaining); Curt. 4. 5. 17 oppidani . . . adgregant se Amphotero ; Tac. H. 3. 12 ambiguos mi- litum animos . . . partibus eius adgr egaver at; i. 64 his aut illis studia militum adgregantur. (d) Of counting a person or thing in a particular number : Cic. Mur. \6 te semper in nostrum nume- ruvi adgregare soleo; Quint. 9. 2. 107 invenio qui adgregant his SiacTKevas, anayopivaus, TrapaSiijy^trfis ; Tac. D. 3 nostras quoque historias . . . Graecorum fabulis adgregares; Dig. 49. 17. 8 castrensi peculio adgregari. (e) Of associating a person with others for a particular purpose: Cic. Vatin. ze^filium eodem iudicio et crimine ad patris inter itum adgregare voluisti; Veil. 2. 91 adgregatis si- millimis sibi interimere Caesarem statuit; Tac. A. 15. 30 adgre- gavere Claudium Senecionem (associated with themselves). (f) Tac. is fond of the middle adgregari and adgregare se in the general sense of joining oneself to: e. g. H. i. 27 totidem in itinere adr Aggressio — Agina. 87 gregantur; 2. 66 sui cuiqw commiliiones adgregati; i. 60 adgre- gantibus se Caelio cohortibus. Aggressio, -onis (adgr-), {adgredior). \. An approach, attack: Cic. Orator 50 cum [orator) animos prima adgressione occupaverit. 2. As t. t. in Rhetoric, = Greek imx^ipwa, an imperfect syllogism: C. Valgius ap. Quint. 5. 10. 4 adgressionum et enthymematum siipatione. 3. A hostile attack: Apul. M. 8. 16 adgressiones ferinae, and so in later Latin. Aggrunda, a projection : Gloss. Cyrill. o iKBir-qi, aggrunda. Agguberno, -as (adg-): to guide, direct: Flor. i. 24 (2. 8). i sic adgubernante for tuna; ib. i. 40(3. 5). 16 Halm xt^A^gubernans. Agilis, -e, adj. from ago, compar. agilior, superl. agillimus, ace. to Charis. i. p. 114 K, but agilissimus according to the same grammarian 2. p. 182 Kj adv. agiliter Amm. 14. 2. 15. 1. Quickly moving, easily moved, nimble, agile, of things and per- sons, (a) Liv. 30. 10. 3 agili et nautico instrumento ; Hor. i. Epist. 3. 21 quae circumvolitas agilis thyma} Ov. Pont. 2. 10. 34 esseda nos agili sive tulere rota; Sen. N. Q. 2. 10. 4 aer agilior tenui- orque; Quint, i. 12. 2 natura humani ingenii, quae ita est agilis ac velox . . . ut ne possit quidem aliquid agere tantum unum. (b) Of the mind or feelings : Sen. Tranq. 2. 1 1 natura enim humanus animus agilis est et pronus ad motus; Ep. 74. 16 sensus, qui agilior es sunt animalibus mutis. 2. Active, stirring: Hor. i. Epist. i. 16 nunc agilis fio et mersor civilibus undis; i, 18. 90 oderunt agilem gnavumque remissi ; Ov. F. 2. gi6 lassahant agiles aspera bella viros; Veil. 2. 105. 1 virum . . . gnavum, agilem, providum. 3. Lively : Quint. II. 3. 164 argumentatio plerumque agilior et acrior et instantior consentientem orationi postulat etiam gestum. 4. Of things, ready, speedy: Sisenna Rell. p. 280 Peter, agilem dari facilemque victoriam. Agina: the quantity of the second syllable is uncertain, Biicheler thinks the word is agtna ; but the analogy of sarc-ma and pdg-ma points the other way. Explained by Paul. p. 10 M as the pendant in which the beam of a balance turns : agina est quo (? cui or quoi) inseritur scapus trutinae, id est in quo foramine irutina se mrtit. Placidus (p., 9 D) gives a different explanation: aginam scapum trutinae quod eo mensura ponderis agatur. If this be correct, agina = hasta or scapus, the beam of the balance. (From ago in the sense of moving.) 88 Aginatius — A^td. Aginatius, nom. m.: Amm. 28. i. 30; C. I. L. 6. 526 (Rome, 483 A.D.); spelt Acinaiius ib. 1659 (Rome, 414 a.d.). Aginator, explained by Paul. p. 10 M as a man who cares about a small advantage : aginatores dicuntur qui parvo lucro moventur. (In Placidus p. 9 D aginaiorem, negotiatorem actus, we should perhaps read aginator est negotiator exactus.) Aginor, -aris (in Mai CI. Auct. 6 acinar), properly to weigh carefully (?), to make a fuss over a small matter: Gloss, ap. Mai CI. A. 6 aginari, tricari, in parvo morari; a gloss in the same aginantes explicantes should probably run aginantes tricantes. Active form agino in Gloss. Philox.; aginat, arpii^ei, hmirpatra-erai, firj- xavarai; aginat, rpaKTeiei (so Seal, for a-TpaTeiei). Heinsius conj. agino in Petron. 61. Agltativus, adj. from agitatio, in motion, opp. to stativus, in rest : Boeth. Arist. Top. 4. 6 eadem {animd) stativa et agitativa esse videtur. AgitatSr, -oris, subst. m. {agito), a driver of a chariot or the like: Plaut. Men. r6o R edepol ne tu ut opinor esses agitator bonus; Lucil. Inc. 155 (ap. Cic. Att. 13. 21. 3 emend, for Lucullus) sus- tineat currum ut bonus saepe agitator equorum; comp. Acad. 2. 94 ; Verg. G. I. 273 ag. aselli; A. 2. 476 equorum agitator Achillis; Ov. Am. 3. 2. 7 agitator equorum; Quint. 8. 6. 9; and in later Latin and inscr. Agltatoria, name of a play of Naevius: Charis. 2. p. 197 K. Agitatiis, -us, subst. m. abstr. from agito, a state of motion : Varro L. L. 5. 11 quod est in agitatu, actio; 6. 41 actio ab agitatu facta; ib. 42 agitalus mentis; Macrob. S. 7. 8. 12; Somn. Scip. 2. 12. 16. Aglto, -as, -avi, freq. not of ago, agis, which would be actare, but of a lost verb agare (comp. rogito rogo, vocito voco, minitor minor, etc.) 1. To move about frequently, keep in motion, agitate. (a) Cato R. R. 95. r rudicula agitato crehro; Lucil. 4. 33 agitare pessulum manu; Lucr. 6. 1020 agitantur enim plagis; 3. 653 cum digitos agitat propter moribundus humi pes; 6. 1055 quo pacta respuit ab se Atque per aes agitat (keeps in motion); Varro L. L. 5. i. 11 (of motion as opp. to rest) quod stat aut agitatur, corpus; R. R. 3. 16. 16 (of hives) collocant i . . ut ne agitentur; Cic. N. D. i. no agitari inter se concursu; 2. 26 agitata ventis maria; so Cluent. 138; Sail. I. 60. 4 {corpora) hue illuc agitare; (met.) ib. 25. 6 metu atque libidine diversus agitabatur ; Agito. 89 Verg. A. 6. 727 mens agiiat molem; Vitruv. 2. i. i densae crehri- iatibus arbores agitatae ; and so elsewhere often in Latin. (b) Of the mind: Quint, i. 10. 34 agitari animos (geometria) et acui ingenia. 2. To drive or ride. (a) Of animals : Plaut. As. 708 R agitalo quadrupedo (ride at a trot); Lucr. 2. 601 biiugos agitare hones ; Varro L. L. 6. 41 agitantur quadrigae; Verg. G. 3. 18 agitabo ad flumina currus (and so elsewhere); Ov. M. 5. 661, and often elsewhere in Latin. In law, of the pursuit of driving, e.g. Cod. Theod. 15. 7. 7 agUandi munus exercere; Dig. 19. 2. 30. 2 qui turn mulas agitasset. (b) Of a ship : Nep. Dion 9. 2 iriremem . . . in portu agiiari iubet; Vitruv. 10. 8. 5 {navem or gubernaculuni) ratione artis agitans. (e) Of air: Lucr. 4. 251 quanta plus aeris ante agitatur. 3. To hunt; chase, drive along. (a) Cic. Div. 2. 144 aquila insedans alias aves et agitans; Verg. A. 2.^421 (quos) tola agitavimus urbe; 7. 478 /eras, and often elsewhere in Verg. (ta) Met., to drive, harry, vex, torment, distract, agitate: Plaut. Aul. 631 R; Bacch. 584 R quae te mala crux agitafi Men. 710 R quae res ted agiiat 1 Cure. 239 R morbus te agitat hepaliarius; ib. 92 profundis vinum : quae te res agitanfi Pers. 666 R iigitant te di; Most. 503 L quae res te agitata Lucil. 14. 21 si mihi nan praetor siet additus atque agitet me; Pompon. 175 error ms agitat; Cic. Rose. Am. 66 ut eos agitent Furiae neque consistere usquam patiantur, and so elsewhere ; e.g. Man. 26 bellum . . . quod . . . renovent agi- tatae nationes; Sail. I. 37. i seditionibus . . . res publica agitabatur, and so elsewhere; Verg. very often in this sense, e.g. A. 4. 471 scaenis agitatus Orestes; Hor. i. Ep. 18. 98 num te semper inops agitet vexetque cupido ; Liv. 34. 12. i agitare cur a consulem ; 35.28.7 his curis animum agitaverat; abs. 35. 12. 3 agitandum aliquid miscendumque rati; Quint. 12. 8. 9 {litigator est) agitandus et turbandus et evocandus; so Tac, e.g. A. 3. 27 tribunis reddita licentia quoquo vellent populum agitandi. 4. To blame, attack : Cic. Att. 14. 18. I agitas me quod . . . ; Plane. 4 agitata ita haec sunt ab illis (my statements are so attacked) ; Mur. 2 1 agitat rem militarem, insectatur totam hanc legationem; Hor. A. P. 341 cen- turiae seniorum agitant expertia frugis ; Epod. 12. 13 vel mea cum saevis agitat fastidia verbis; Tac. D. 4 nee tu agitare et insequi poetas inter mittis; ib. 25 fin. si quos alios antiquorum agitare non destitit. 5. In various metaphorical uses. (a) To talk loudly or publicly of a thing: Cic. Att. i. 19. 4 agraria lex a Flacco vehementer agitabatur auctore Pompeio; Clu. 82 omnia . . . agitatis, tractatis, 90 Agito. inquiritis; Balb. 57 adoptatio Theophani agitata est; Clu. i?,2 post triennium igitur agitata . . . quaestio de viri morte hahebatur ; and often agitare rem in senatu, and the like ; Caes. G. 7. 2 his relus agiiatis. With ace. and inf.: Script. Bell. Hisp. 25 sihi neminem parent esse agitare coepit. (b) With in animo or words of equiva- lent meaning, or in phrase agitare secum, or agitare alone, to turn over in the mind, to consider, think of, often followed by ace, by de, by verbal clause with ace. and inf. or indirect question ; some- times (of an intended action) with inf. : Plaut. Rud. 936 R agito in menteni {menteT) magnas res instruere; Tnic. 451 R earn rem in corde agito; Ter. Ph. 614 id cum hoc ageham commodum. Gr. Nam hercle ego quoque id quidem agiians mecum sedulo; Ace. 614 id ego semper mecum sic agito et compare ; Varro L. L. 6. 42 agitare in mente; Cic. Fam. 6. i. i animo; Att. 10. 12. 6 agito saepe mecum de Cculio; N. D. i. 114 quod agitet in mente; Verr. 2. 17 quaerere ipse secum et agitare cum suis coepit quilusnam rebus . . . maximam . . . pecuniam facere posset; 3. 224 si ilk hoc unum agitare coeperit, esse aliquod genus, etc. ; Sail, often has aliquid agitare or aliquid animo agitare; I. 11. i quamquam . . . ipse longe aliter animo agitabat (though his thoughts were far different); Nep. Ham. i. 4 ut mente agitaret bellum renovare; Verg. A. 9. 187 aut pnignam aut aliquid iamdudum invader e magnum Mens agitat mihi; so perhaps 2. 640 vos agitate fugam; Liv. 35. 28. 2 secutn ipse agitabat animo . . . quid . . . capiendum consiliiforet; ib. 35. 34. 2 ita agitabant quonam modo in Graecia res novarentur ; 31. 46. 6 agitari coeptum de Oreo oppugnando; i. 48. 9 consilia agitare; 32. 6. 4 agitanti hoc con- silium; 33. 31. 7 agitabantur consilia de liber tate Graeciae; so Quint.; Tac. constantly, with and without animo; Agr. 15 agitare inter se mala servitutis ; elsewhere he has plus quam civilia agitare ; A. 15. 36 provincias orientis . . . secretis imaginationibus agitans : agitare de aliqua re, agitare num aliquid faciendum esset,faciendumne esset, and the Hke. Honorem agitare in Tac. A. 2. 36 is explained by Nipperdey and Furneaux as = ' give oneself the airs of office.' Does it not rather mean ' to be thinking of, scheming for, office ? ' Followed by ut and subj. instead of ace. and inf.: A. 16. 26 ut Neronem flagitiorum pudor caperet, inrita spe agitari. With inf, : A. I. 18 tres legiones miscere in unam agitaverint; so 2. 4, 82. In C. I. L. 2. 2403 (Tarraconensis) agitare honorem is explained by Mommsen as = to be a candidate for an office ; by Hiibner as = to offer a sacrifice. (e) To pursue (as we say in English) or follow a course of action ; to carry a thing out, perform, do, practise Agma — Agmen. 91 it: Naev. Trag. 27 agitare custodias (to keep guard) ; Plaut. Trin. 869 agitare vigilias; Capt, 376 R quid rerum hie agiiem (what I am doing? or how I am getting on?); Mil. 165 Rib. agitare con- vivium; so Ten Hec. 93; Heaut. 733 agitare Dionysia; Enn. A. 275 inimicitiam agiiantes; Catull. 63. 24 agitant sacra sancta (keep, observe; but Ellis interprets 'set in motion'); Sail. I. 109. 2 pacemne an bellum agitaturus forei (to act as a friend or an enemy) ; Cat. 8. 5 beneficiis magis quam metu imperium agitdbani; I. 81. 4 moras agitando (by procrastinating) ; I. 2ij. >j pax agitabatur ; 55. 4 praesidium; Verg. G. 4. 533 chores; A. 12. i^^ mutas artes \ Prop. I. 7. S nos ut consuemus nostras agitamus amores (pursue my love- poetry); Quint. 10, 3. 15 cogitationem murmure agitantes; Plin. Ep. 8. 2. 2 agitare iustitiam; Tac. A. 6. 16 fenus; and similarly elsewhere ; often thus in legal Latin. (d) Of feelings : Sail. C. 61. 9 laetitia maeror luctus atque gaudia agitabantur ; Tac. H. I. 19 privatas spes; A. 3. 32 agitandi adversus Lepidum odii. (e) Of a state of body, to be in or suffer under : Varro Eum. 33 omnes me bilem atram agitare clamitantes. (f) Of time or life, to spend, pass : Plaut. Pers. 769 R agitemus hunc diem amoenum ; Lucr. I. 1067 noctes pariles agitare diebus; Sail. I. 14. 10 laeti pacem agitabamus (spent a time of peace); Verg. G. 2. 527 dies agitat festos ; G. 4. 154 aevum. (g) Abs., to live: Sail. I. 19. 5 alios incultius vagos agitare; 18. 9 ei propius mare Africuvi agita- bant; 41. *j paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur, and so else- where in Sail.; Tac. A. i. 50 laeti neque procul Germani agitabant; 4. 46 eo ferocius agitabant; 11. 21 secretus agitat. (h) Abs. to act, behave: Sail. C. 23. -^ferocius agitare; I. 63. 5 in potestatibus eo modo agitabat ut . . . ; 74. i varius incertusque agitabat. (i) Phrase sat agito, to be busy with a thing, followed by rerum : Plaut, Bacch. 637 R sat agitas tu tuarum rerum; so Bentley and Umpf. in Ter. Heaut. 225. (k) Part. perf. pass, agitatus used as adj. = lively, agitated: Quint. 11. 3. 178 acres senes, callidos servos, parasites, lenones et omnia agitatiora melius (egit) ; ib. 184 actio paulum agitatior. Agma {ayfia), Greek name of a letter representing the sound of «^ in words like ayyeXos, anguilla, ingerunt: Varro L. L. fragm. i Mtiller. Agm.en, -Inis, subst. n. verbal from ago. 1. Motion, (a) So perhaps Enn. A. 177 quod per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen; Verg. A. 5. 211 agmine remorum celeri; 2. 212 illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt; Sil. 14. 442 tremulo venit agmine cornus. (Servius several times explains agmen in Vergil as = impetus}^ (b) Especially of the march of an army ; common in 92 Agmen. the phrase in agmine, on the march: Caes. G. 3. 24 in agmine impeditus; 7. 66 agmine inpedHus; so perhaps Cic. De Orat. i. 157 educenda est dictio ex umhraiili exerciiatione in medium agmen, in pulverem, etc.; Sail. I. 45. 2 ne miles gregarius in casiris neve in agmine servum aut iumentum haberet; so ib. 85. 47 in agmine aut in proelio; 96. 3 in agmine atque ad vigilias multus adesse; Cic. De Orat. I. 210 de agminibus, de conlationibus dicer e; perhaps Hor, 3. C. 2. 9 rudis agminum; Veil. 2. 47. i pugnatum saepe derecta acie, saepe in agminibus; so Tac. often, who also has H. 2. 41 via quieto quoque agmini angusta; A. 12. 32 car per e agmen (to attack their march?); H. 2. 30 rapido agmine Caecinae iunguntur; elsewhere he has lento agmine, agmine propero ; H. 2. 99 lentum et rarum agmen. 2. A mass or body in motion, variously applied. (a) Of a river, or other body of water : Lucr. g. 271 inde super terras fluit agmine dulci; Verg. G. i. 322 immensum caelo venit agmen aquarum ; A. 2. 782 leni fluit agmine Thybris; Val. Fl. 4. 721 flumineo sic agmine fregit amari Vim salis; Cod. lust. 3. 34. 6 ex tuis praediis aquae agmen ortum. (b) Of men or living creatures, a train ; of elephants : Enn. A. 465; Cic. Pis. gi ut a £rundisio usque Romam agmen perpetuum totius Italiae viderem (a continuous train); Hirt. (?) G. 8. 35 agmen iumentorum; Verg. A. i. 186 longum pascitur agmen (of stags); 4. 404 it longum campis agmen (of ants), and so elsewhere; Tac. H. 2. 92 immensis salutantium agminibus contendunt; 3. 55 magna senatorum agmine in castra venit, and so often, e.g. muliebre et miserabile agmen, servorum agmina; A. 15. 58 continua hinc et vincta agmina trahi. (c) Of a serpent : Verg. A. 5. 90 ille agmine longo . . . successit tumulo; in pi. G. 3. 423 cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur; Vitruv. 9. 7. i anguis porri- gens agmen stellarum intorium; Arnob. 7. 44 agminis magni coluber ^ (d) Of a fish : Ps. Cypr. Carm. De lona 86 agmen squamosum cor- poris, (e) Met., of a train or series of events: Gell. 7. 2. 5 si Chrysippusfato putat omnia moveri et regi, nee declinari transcendique posse agmina fati et volumina. 3. A large body, mass, of things or persons. (a) Of clouds : Lucr. 6. 100 ubicumque magis denso sunt agmine nubes. Of the elements of things: ib. i. 605 aliae similes ex ordine partes Agmine condense naturam corporis explent) Hirt. (?) G. 8. 8 omne impedimentorum agmen (baggage-train) ; so ib. 14; Ytrg. passim; Ov. and others; e.g. Liv. i. 6. 2 iuvenes agmine ingressi (in a body); 34. 52. 2 nee minore agmine rerum captarum quam suo prae se acto. Agmine facto = like an army, in a united Agna. 93 mass: Verg. G. 4. 167; A. i. 82; 8. 595; luv. 3. 162; 10. 218. (b) Esp. in military language, a body of troops, column; some- times followed by gen., as legionum or exercitus, very often alone : Cato De Re Mil. q pedites quatluor agminibus; Ter. Eun. 774 in medium hue agmen cum vecti, Donax; Caes. G. 5. 19 relinqueialur ut neque longius ah agmine legionum discedi Caesar pateretur (from the main body of the legions); G. i. 25 agmen claudere; Hirt. (?) G. 8. 8 agmen cogere; 8. 14 explicare; primum agmen = the van^ guard, novissimum or posiremum agmen the rear ; so Liv., Curt., and other authors. Tac. often in this sense, with gen.: H. i. 70 sub- signanum militem et grave legionum agfnen; 2. 11 agmen legionum; and so elsewhere; A. i. 64; 4. 73 gravius agmen -^Xht heavy troops; Veget. Mil. 3. 6 dux cum agmine exercitus profecturus (the main body of the army) ; elsewhere in Veget. always = army or host. (Isid. Or. 9. 3. 64 says ai agmen, est exercitus ambuJans : nam agmen dicitur quod in longitudinem derectum est quale solet esse cum exercitus portis procedit. Quicquid fuerit aliud abusive dicitur. The same note is given, with rather different wording, by Serv. on A. i. 186 ; 8. 594.) (e) Of ships: Liv. 37. 29. 7; Lucan 5. 708. (d) Ordo agminis, the arrangement or disposition of the force: Caes. G. 2, 19 ratio ordoque agminis; Tac. H. 2. 41 ; A. 2. 16 «/ ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret = that the order which they had observed on the march might be continued in the conflict. 4. Order, array ; so con^ stantly with determining epithets : Hirt. (?) G. 8. 8 paene quad- ratum agmen; so Cic. several times; Sail. I. 100. i ; Caes. G. 5. 31 longissimo agmine (in very extended order); 2. 23 agmine confer- tissimo; Sail. I. 46. 6 munito agmine incedere; H. 3. 71 laxiore agmine; Tac. constantly; he has e.g. modesto, composite, longo, disiectOjporrecto agmine, etc.; A. 1.37 turpi agmine reduxit legiones ; H. I. 68 cum . . . gentis caput . . . iusto agmine peter etur (in regular form of war). 5. As distinguished from acies, agmen means a mass of troops as opposed to a regular battle-array; Liv. 33. 9. 5 agmen magis quam acies; 35. 28. 3 inconditum agmen as opp. to acies; and so elsewhere in Livy; comp. Verg. A. 7. 703 nee quis- quam aeratas acies ex agmine tanto Misceri putet. I. Agna, a stalk of corn : Fest. p. 211 M says 'pinnatas impin- natasque agnas' in Saliari carmine spicas significat cum aristis et alias sine aristis; agnas novas voluit intellegi; where Scaliger comp. Theo- phxast. Hist. Plant. 8. 7. 5 oraxuK fUKpoi koI tovtcov 069 KoKovfTlv ayvas. This agna is connected by modern etymologists with ac-us and ax-vi] ; but it means not the chaff, but the stalk. 94 Agna — Agnatio. II. Agna = acnua (q. v.) : Liber Coloniarum i. p. 245 (Grom. Lat. Lachm.). Agnalla, n. pi. of agnalis, adj. from agnus, feast of lambs : Ov. Fast. I. ■3,2$ pars putat hoc festum (Agonalid) priscis Agnalia dicium, Una sit ui propria litter a dempta loco. Agnaseor, -eris, -i, -gnatus sum (adgn-), part, adgnatus spelt atnatus C. I. L. 2. 4332 (Tarragona), adgnatus ib. 1963 (82 a. d.). 1. To be born or grow to or upon, with dat. : Plin. 16. 245 viscum, autem in quercu, . . . nee aliis arbor ibus adgnasci; 27. 97 lycapsos . . . caulem longum hirsutum Jiabet, adgnatis multis cuhitalibus. 2. Of a child born after his father's death: Cic. Caec. 72 cui filius adgnatus sit; so De Or. i. 241 ; comp. Dig. 47. 4. i. 11 partus vel /etus post mortem agnatos; Dig. 28. 3. 3. 6 licet autem postumus (tes- tamentuni) agnascendo rumpat. 3. To be born in addition to things or individuals already existing: Varro R. R. 3. 16. 29 cum adgnatae sunt prospere multae apes; L. L. 5. 99 (agnus) pecori ovillo quod adgnatus; Plin. 11. 272 membra animalibus adgnata inutilia sunt, sicut sextus homini semper digitus ; Tac. G. 1 9 quem- quam ex agnatis necare (children born after the birth of an heir) ; Ulp. 23. 3 agnascitur suus heres aut agnascendo aut adoptando; Dig. 33. 7.28 quae medio tempore agnata aut infundum inlata sunt. 4. Of something which grows in place of something lost : Varro ap. Gell. 3. 10. 12 denies . . . genuinos adnasci annis fere bis septenis; Plin. II. 231 (capilli) agnati opp. to congeniti. 5. In law, adgnati or agnati are relations in the male line; father, brother, brother's son, paternal uncle, etc., who would be in the patria potestas of their common ancestor, were he alive: Gaius i. 156 sunt autem agnati per virilis sexus personas cognatione iuncti, quasi a patre cognati; defined further ib. 3. 10 vocantur autem agnati qui legitima cognatione iuncti sunt : legitima autem cognatio est quae per virilis sexus personas coniungitur : itaque eodem patre nati fr aires agnati sibi sunt, qui etiam consanguinei vocantur, nee requiritur an etiam matrem eandem habuerint : item patruus fratris filio et tnvicem is illi agnatus est: eodem numero sunt fratres patriieles inter se, id est qui ex duobus frairibus progenerati sunt; so Ulp. 11. 4 agnati sunt a patre cognati virilis sexus, per virilem sexum descendentes, eiusdemfamiliae; Gaius 3. 2 3_/»»zz«a:?a^Ma/a^ (i.e. connected through the male line) quaecunque consanguineorum gradum excedunt. So in all Latin : Legg. XII. 5. 4 W adgnatus proximus ; Varro R. R. 1.2. 8 ad agnatos deducendus ; Cic. and elsewhere. Agnatio, -onis, subst. fern, abstr. from agnaseor. 1. A Agnicftlus — Agnomen. 95 growing to or on to : Apul. Herb. 59 thyrsum bicuUtalem . . . cum adgnationibus secundum genicula; ib. 62. 2. The relation of agnatus : Varro L. L. 8. 4 ut in hominibus quaedam sunt agnationes et gentilUates ; Corn. Her. i. 23 lege agnationis; Cic. De Or. i. 173 agnationum iura; Legg. i. 23 agnationibus familiarum. distinguuntur status ; ib. met., ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur ; so ib. 24 ; and often in the jurists. 3. The birth of a posthumous child: Ulp. 22. li postumi quicumque liberi cuiuscumque sexus omissi, quod valuit testamentum agnatione rumpunt; so Gaius 2. 138 agna- tione sui heredis, and elsewhere in the jurists. 4. Concrete, a body of relations or kinsfolk: Cod. Theod. 2. 25. i ; 8. 7. 19. i ; 14. 7. I, al. Agnieiilus, -i, subst. m. dim. from agnus, a little lamb : Arnob. 7. 12 ; Itala loh. 21. i^pasce agniculos meos (Ronsch I. V. p. 93 ;) Ambros. Hex. 6. 4. 25. Agnitio, -onis (agnosco). 1. Recognition: Plin. 10. 194 agn. cadaveris sui; Quint, i. i. 25 agnitioni litter arum (recognition of what the letters mean); Serv. A. 9. 472 agnitionis notas (marks making recognition possible); C. I. L. 6. 1750 (Rome, 370 a. d.) agnitione thermarum perdita; Vulg. Gen. 45. i agn. mutua. 2. Acknowledgment (as of a debt) : Cod. lust. 8. 40. 5 ; of a posses- sion of goods: Dig. 38. 15. 5 agn, bonorum possessionis ; in ge- neral : Tert. Prax. i agnoscentem . . .et ex ea agnitione, etc. 3. In philosophy and theology, speculative knowledge : Cic. N. D. I. I agnitio animi (knowledge of the nature of the mind); Cypr, ■Ep- 3- 3 agnitio Christi; Vulg. Col. i. 9 agnitio voluntatis eius [= cirlyvmiTis) ; Iren. I. 3. I and often = yvSo-it ; Macrob. Somn. Scip. I. 8. 3 agnitionem rerum divinarum sapientiam proprie vocantes. 4. Concrete, = show, appearance, look (that by which a thing is recognized) : Vulg. Is. 3. 9 agnitio vultus eorum respondet eis. Agnlt6r, -oris, (agnosco). 1. One who recognizes: Quint. 12. 8. 13 sine agnitore signa (seals without any one to acknowledge them). 2. One who understands : Script. Itin. Alex. 3 quoniam quisque mediocritatis est agnitor, satisfecerit sese noscendo; of God: Vulg. Ecclesiasticus 7. 5 quoniam agnitor cordis ipse est. 3. As translation of the Greek yvaa-TiKoi or men of knowledge : Iren. 2.31. i Basilidem et omnes qui f also cognominantur agnitores. Agnomen, -Inis [agnosco), a title won in consequence of some particular achievement, as Africanus by the two Scipios. The 96 Agnomentum— Agnus. word is apparently unknown to Cic. (for in Inv. 2. 28 it is doubtful) who uses cognomen in this sense Mur. 31, Lael. 6, and elsewhere; and so Liv. 37. 58. 6 L. Scipio, qui ne cognomini fratris cederet, Asiaticum se appellari voluit; comp. Suet. Vit. 18; but Charis. p. 152 K says nomina . . . propria . . . in species quattuor dividuntur, praenomen nomen cognomen agnomen, ut Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus. Nam agnomina cognominibus ex aliqua ratione aut virtuie adduntur, and so later Gramm. ; Prise. 2. p. 58 K says agnomen est quod ab aliquo eventu imponitur, ut Africanus, Isauricus; (Ser- gius) in Donat. p. 536 K agnomina sumuntur a moribus et laude, ut Meiellus Creticus . . . a moribus et vituperatione, ut Tarquinius Su- perbus . . . ex fortuna ut Crassus Dives . . . ex eventu, ut Corvinus, a meritis, ut Torquatus, a naiura, ut Dentatus, . . . a qualitate, ut Sapiens, a quantitate, ut Magnus, a loco, ut Caudinus, Gabinus. (The notices in the other grammarians are only abbreviations of this.) Cod. lust. 6. 23. 4 (Gordian) in nomine vel praenomine seu cognomine seu agnomine. Agnomeutum, -i {agnoscd), = foreg. : Apul. Mag. 56 ; Cledon. P- 35 K. Agndmlnativns, of the nature of an agnomen : Consent, p. 339 K nomen proprium agnominativum, ut Africanus. Agnos (dyvo'f), name of a tree resembling the willow, the vitex : Plin. 24. 59 Graeci lygon vocant, alii agnon, quoniam matronae Thesmophoriis Atheniensium castitatem custodientes his foliis cubitus sibi sternunt ; gen. a^wz' Plin. 13. 14. Agnoscibilis, that can be known or recognized (wrongly quoted from Tert. Valent. 27) : Tert. Res. Cam. 55 lineamenta Petro ag- noscibilia; Augustin. Serm. 341. i. Agnotiuus, adj. derived from agnotus: Diomedes p. 388 K ' agnosco agnovi,' ex quo nonnulli veterum declihaverunt ' agnotum ' et ' agnoturum', ut Brutus in epistolis ; etiam ' agnotinum ' dixerunt. (The forms agnotus and agnoturus are found also in Pacuv. 384 ; Sail. Hist. ap. Serv. A. 4. 23.) Agnua, -ae, subst. f. = acnua, a square of 120 feet: C. I. L. 2. 3361 silvae agnuarum CCC (Aurgi in Tarraconensis, about 100 A. D.). Agniilus, -i, dim. of agnus, a little lamb : Ars Anonyma Ber- nensis ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 8. p. 70. Agnus, a lamb, was both m. and f. in old Latin : Paul. p. 6. M Ago. 97 {agnm) apud maiores communis erat generis ; so Prise, i. p. 169 K; Gellius 4. 3. 3 quotes agntis/emina from a lex Numae. Ago, -Is, egi, actum, perf. inf. aegisse = egisse: C. I. L. 4. 2413/ (Pompeii) ; inf. pass, agier in a legal formula quoted by Cic. Top. 66 and elsewhere ; perf. subj. axim Pacuv. 297 ; axil Paul. p. 5 M. 1. To set in motion, move ; (a) Verg. G. 4. 510 agentem carmine quercus; Hor. A. P. 100 (carmind) quocunque vohnt animum audi- toris agunto; Vitruv. 10. 14. 4 cum rota progrediens secum agal tym- panum imum; 10. 21. 2 basis habebat rotas viii quibus agebaiur; Tac. G. ^^ prora paratam semper adpuhui frontem agit. (b) With reflexive pronoun or in middle agar, to go, move, stir one- self: Plaut. Most. 547 L; Amph. 450 R quo te agis? (where are you going?), so Trin. 1078; Ter. And. 708 quo hinc te agis} Verg. A. 6. ^^'j gubernaior sese Palinurus agebat; 8. 465 se matu- iinus agebat (was stirring early) and elsewhere; Li v. 2. 58. 7 si citius agi vellet agmen (to move more quickly) tardius sedulo in- cedere; 6. 28. 2 raptim agmine acto (hurried at full speed); and so elsewhere in Liv., e.g. 10. 29. 14 quo multitudo omnis consternata agebatur (was hurrying). Met., se agere — to behave oneself: Suet. Claud. 2g se ministrum agere; ib. 2^ se pro equitibus Romanis age- bant, (c) Of military engines, to move or push forward : Caes. G. 2. 12 and often elsewhere, agere vineas; agere iurres, testudtnes, and the like; so Sail. I. 37. 4 and elsewhere; Verg. A. 9. 505 acta testudine; Liv. 8. 16. 8 agger em et vineas egit. (d) To drive, make to go or move; common in all Latin: Legg. XII. 7. 7 W agito iumenta ; in law, ius agendi is the right of driving over another person's land: Lucr. 3. 1063 agens mannos ; 4. 902 agens navim; so 4. 390; Lex lul. Mun. C. I. L. i. 206. 64 foil, quaque plostra ducei agi opus erit; Varro L. L. 6. 41 agitur pecus pas turn ; Sail. I. 90. 2 pecus . . . equitibus agundum adtribuit; so Verg. often, as E. I. 13; of a ship, A. 5. 116 agit acri remige Pristin; 272 inrisam sine honor e ratem Sergestus agebat; Hor. 2.Epist. 1. 114 navem agere ignarus navis timet; Ov. M. 2. 62 non agat hos currus, and so else- where; Liv. 33. I. 6 acta turba ante lie tor em; 34. 27. 9 acti sub verberibus; so Quint. Met., Quint. 10. 3. 27 occupatos in noctem agit necessitas; Tac. Agr. 39 studiafori . . , in silentium acta. (e) Of criminals, to send to punishment: Cic. Verr. 5. 163 and elsewhere, in crucem agere aliquem; Sail. I; 14. 15 in crucem acti; Tac. A. 14. 42 ad supplicium. (f) Hence perhaps the phrase reum agere aliquem, to prosecute a person, with gen. of the offence : Prop. 2. 30. 33 communis culpae cur reus unus agar}; Veil. 2. 45. i actus incesti H 98 Ago. reus; Tac. A. 3. 13, 14. 18. And the common legal use of ago without reum; e.g. Cic. Caec. 35 ages iniuriarum; Gaius 4. 6, etc., etc. (g) To drive off, i. e. carry off, of booty and the like, often combined with /«rr« and rapere; Plant. Aul. 610 R praedam agere; Sail. I. 32. 4 pars ex pacatis praedas agebant, and so elsewhere in Sail., Caes. G. 6. 43 praedam; C. 2. 25 multa; Liv. 22. i. 2 ut ex alieno agro raperent agerentque; Liv, 33. 13. \o ferri agique, and so elsewhere in Liv.; Tac, A. 12. 32, and fAse^fihere, praedae passim actae. (h) To carry, take; Caes. G. 2, 29 (impedimenta) quae secum agere ac portare non pote- rant; Verg. G. 3. 344 omnia secum Armentarius Afer agil. (i) To drive or send violently, or with rapid motion. (a) Varro Bimar- cus II. izfulmen igni fervido actum; Verg. G. 2. 334 actum caelo rnagnis aquilonihus imhrem ; A. 11. 616 torviento ponder is acti; A. 11. 645 hasia per armos Acta ; 10. 38 actam nubibus Jrim, and so else^ where. (|3) Of whirling a sling: "Verg. A, 9. 58 7; 11. Z'j 9 fun- dam circum caput egit habena. (k) To drive away ; so common, in all Latin : Lucr. 3. 37 metus illeforas praeceps Acheruntis agendus; Antonius ap. Cic. Phil, 13. 36 qui me praecipitem egerint; Cic.^ Caecin. 60 si . . . aliquem defundo praecipitem egeris; Sail. C. 31.9 quoniam . . .praeceps agor; Caes. G. 4. 12 ita perterritos egerunt ui, etc. ; 5. 1 7 praecipites hastes egerunt, and so elsewhere ; so Verg, often; Liv. 25. 2. 9 quasdam . . . in exilium egerunt; Tac, has agere aliquem extorrem, in exilium, and the like. (1) To drive, harry, vex, pursue, distract, literally and met. ; so common in all Latin ; Ter. Ad. 319 ceteros ruerem agerem raperem tunderem et prosternerem; Catull. 63. 93 alios age incitatos; Lucr. g. 523 sive aliunde fluens . . . Versat agens ignis; Cic. Verr. j. 7 agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum; Sail. H. i. 48. ii agitur ac laceratur cupidine; L 6. 3 opportunitas . . . quae etiam mediocres viros spe praedae transversos agit; Cic. Q. F. 3. 2. i homo undique actus . . . non tulit; Verg. very often; e.g. A. 5. 456 Daren ardens agit aequore tola; agere hastes, cervos, apros, and the like; prodigiis,fatis acti; A. 5. 659 actaeque furore ; Tac, A. i. 70 rapi agique agmen; H. I. 40 agebatur hue illuc Galba, and so elsewhere. (m) To bring. (a) Of things and persons ; Script. Bell. Alex. 73 hue omnem comportatum agger em ex castris servitia agerent iussit; met , Lucr. 3. 726 in discrimen agendum, utrum, etc. ('must be brought to a decisive test,' Munro); Tac. A. 16. 34 virorum feminarumque coetus frequentes egerat (had brought together). (/3) Of bringing in or leading or moving troops; Verg. often; e.g. A. i2. 457 Ago. 99 diutor . . . Agmen agi't; Tac. H. i. 62 exercitui quern, in agehat. (n) To send out, send forth. (a) Enn. A. 507 spiritus ex anima calida spumas agit albas; Lucr. 2. 676 scintillas agere; Cic. Verr. 4. 148 cum spumas ageret in ore; so Lucr. 3. 489; Verg. G. 3. 203 spumas aget ore cruentas ; Ai 9. 814 sudor . . .flumen agit. (^) Of a plant putting forth flowers or leaves, or the like : Varro R. R. i. 30 ante quam gemmas agant (salices) ; Col. g. 10. 10 /blia agere; Plin. 18. 4^ frondem. (7) Of a tree striking its roots : Varro R. R. i. 35. i agere radices; L. L. 5. 13 quae radices egerit extra fines suas; Cic. Off. 2. 43 vera gloria radices agit; Ov. M. 4. 2^4 per glaehas sensim radicibus actis; so Plin. 16. 127. (8) Of a tree shooting upwards: Verg. G. 2. 364 cum se laetus ad auras Palmes agit; A. 11. 136 actas ad sidera pinus. (o) Of driving forward passages, ways, and the like in a particular direction : Cic. Off. 3. 90 si pater . . . cuniculos agat ad atrarium ; Caes. G. 3. 21 agere cuniculos ad agger em; Verg. A. 3. 695 Alpheum . . . occultas egisse vias subter yiare; Verg. G. 3. 87 duplex agitur per lumbos spina; Vitruv. 10. 22. 11 specus tum agerent; Liv. I. 56. 2 cloacam maximam . . . sub terra agendam; Curt. 4. 2.8 vix leni et tranquillo mari moles agi possunt. Of driving in piles ; Caes. G. 4. 17 sublicae . . . oblique agebantur. (p) Of drawing a line or boundary mark. (a) Verg. A. 10. 514 ardens limitem agit ferro; so of a line drawn or described with compasses, or other- wise: Vitruv. 10. 8. 10 brevior {pars) minorem agit circinationem ; 3. 4. 6 diametros agatur, and so elsewhere ; Tac. G. 29 limite acto. (j3) Met., of apedigree: Verg. A. 12. ^^operreges actum genus omne Latinos. (y) Of a crack: Lucan 6. ^z% per que cavas terrae quas egit carmine rimas. (8) Of projecting a plan for buildings: Vitruv. 6. II. 3 quae pilatim aguntur aedificia. (q) Phrase, ani- mam agere = to gasp, pant, often to be at one's last gasp (properly, perhaps, to try to eject the breath or life) ; Plant. Trin. 1093 res quom animam agebat; Lucr. 3. 493 agens animam spumat; Cic. Tusc. i.ig et agere animam et efflare dicimus; Fam. 8. 13. 2 Q. Hortensius cum has litteras scripsi animam agebat; CatuU. 63. 31 anhelans vaga vadit animam agens ; Sen. Ep. 54. 2 al. 2. Met., to pursue, i. e. do, perform, act, (different ixom.facio, which means to shape, pro- duce), in very various applications. (a) (a) Plaut. Mil. 215 Rib. age, si quid agis; Most. 1086 L quod agis, id agas (set about what you are ' going~to do) ; Plaut. Aul. 1 1 7 R rogitant me quid agam (what I am doing); and so often in Plaut., e.g. Trin. 817 Tu istuc age. Actum reddam nugacissume; ib. 699 id agis ut; Caecil. 78 n( H 2 loo Ago. iemere hanc rem agas; Enn. often; Pacuv. 297 «/ quae egi, ago, vel axim, verrunceni bene; Aemil. PauUus (Meyer, p. 156) di id egerunt ut . . ,; Ter. And. 639 al. quam rem agas; Ad. 128 al. sicine agis (rfoyou?); Ad. 401 ab'quid ruri agere {^\s hard at work); Pacuv. ^1 pro imperio agendum est; Ace. 191 dubiio quid agis; Pompon. 77 dies hie sextust cum nihil egi, and so in all Latin; Caes. C. i. 26 de bello agendum = that he must take measures for war; so G. 7, 36 (/e obsessione; ib. illo auctore atque agente, he being the real mover. Very common in the phrase hoc agit, hoc agitur ut (this is his object) ; so vide quid agatur, mark the object of this. Quid agam ? what shall I do ? Quid Romae agitur ? what is doing at Rome? Abs., Cic. Man. 29 industria in agendo (in action), and so often elsewhere; e.g. Quinct. 52 male agendi causa. Qo palam, aperte, moribus, agere, and the like. In Quint. 4. 2. 21 quid acti sit is opp. to ratio /acti cuiusque, 'the whole proceeding, as opp. to the details.' (^) So part. pass, actus = finished, completed ; actum est de, it is all over with ; Plant. Trin. 308 si animus homi- nem pepulit, actumst; ib. 595 actumst de collo meo; Ter. Heaut. 564 acta res est; Ad. 325 al. actumst. So in all Latin. (7) Proverb, rem actam agis, actum ne agas, ' what's done can't be' undone : ' Plant. Pseud. 261 R stultus es, rem actam agis; Ter. Ph. 419 actum, aiunt, ne agas; so Cic. Att. 9. r8. 3; Att. ig. 20. 3 acta missa; Liv. 28. 40. 3 rem actam hodierno die agi. (b) Satis agere, to be busy, excited (have enough and too much to do) : Plant. As. 440 R sat agit (= trepidat); so Merc. 228 R in somnis egi satis; Cato Orat. I. 17 nostri satis agebant. (e) Nihil agere, to effect nothing, do no good, be of no use: Plant. Trin. 917 ; Caecil. 66 nil agit in amore inermus; Ter. Ad. 935 nihil agis (it's no use); Eun. 63 nihilo plus agas; comp. Heaut. 74 plus agas (you would work to more purpose); Prop. i. 10. 20 non nihil egit amor, and so often elsewhere in Latin. (d) With adverbs or qualifying clauses, to behave, act : Caes. C. i. i si cunctetur atque agat lenius; G. 5. 50 cum simulatione agi timoris ; elsewhere he has nullo studio agere, and the like ; so Cic. and all Latin. Tac. is very fond of this use. He not only uses agere with adv. as superbe, ambigue and the like, but also with adj., e. g. ut miles incorruptior ageret, quo corruptior ageret, clari honoratique agere, and so on. (e) Hoc, hanc rem, agere, to attend to one's business, to the business in hand, do the thing before one ; opp. to aliud agere, to be inatten- tive ; used especially as a sacrificial formula addressed to the priest : Suet. Cal. 58 Chaeream cervicem gladio . . . percussisse, prae- Ago. lOI missa voce 'Hoc age;' Galba 20 ut hoc agerent acferirent. Comp. Ov. Fast. r. 321 {mt'm'sier) semper 'agalne' rogat, nee nisi ittssus agit. Also in general: Plaut. Cure. 635 R hanc rem agite (attend!); Ps. 152 R alias res agunt; Ter. Hec. 826 alias res agere se simulare; KSSTi^^ hocine agis an non? 415 hoc agam (I'll set about my business) ; 614 id ago sedulo (I'm racking my brains about it); Hec. 774 haec res hie agitur (our present business is this); Cato Orat. 25. i hoc poiius agam quod hie rogat (will attend to) ; Suila ap. Sen. Clem. i. 12. 2 hoc agamus; Cic. often has aliud, alias res agere; Lucr. i. 41 nam neque nos agere hoc . . .possumiis (attend to what is before us), and elsewhere in Latin ; Tac. Agr. 43 aUudjigens^^opuhis (the inattentive or careless crowd). (f) In law, the words ea res agatur were prefixed by the person bringing an action to his plea, in order to define the issue: Gaius 4. 130- 137; see Cic. Fin. 2. 3; these words are to be distinguished from the form qua de re agitur ; see below. (g) Agere bene, male cum aliquo, to deal well or ill with a person, treat him well or ill. (a) Plaut. As. 173, 175 R; Ter. Ad. 210 bene dicat sese esse actum (that he has been well treated) ; Cic. Quinct. 84 qui cum omnibus creditoribus suis male agat. {0) So generally, of a man's fortune, life, career, and the like ; actum est bene, male cum eo = his lot has been happy or unhappy: Cic. Lael. ir cum illo vero quis neget actum esse praeclare {that his lot has been a happy one); Fam. 5. 18 ut opUme actum cum eo videatur esse qui . . . ; Att. 15. i. B. 4 actum bene cum illo, and constantly in Cic. and other authors. (7) Abs., bene agitur, we are well off: Plaut. Mil. 14 14 Rib. bene agitur pro noxia; Cic. Fam. 4. 14. i agiturque praeclare, sinosmet ipsos regere possumus; Off. i. 46 praeclare agitur si sunt simulacra virtutis. (h) Of special pursuits, to perform, carry out, pursue, follow, engage in, amuse oneself with, and the like. (a) Cato Orat. 40. 5 Graecos ■versus agit (spends his time on). (^) Agere eleutheria, to keep the feast of freedom, Plaut. Persa 28 R; parentalia, to keep the parentalia, Cic. Scaur. 1 1 ; triumphum, to celebrate a triumph, Cic. Verr. 5. 100; Phil. 14. 23, and in other authors. (7) Agere como'ediam and the like, to act a comedy, play, or a part in one : Plaut. Amph. Prol. 88 c^ere comoediam ; Trin. 707 hoc agit magis ex argumento; Bacch. 215 R; Ter. Hec. 30 Hecyram agere, and so often; Varro L. L. 6. 77 poeta facit fabulam etnon agit, contra actor agit et non facit; Cic. often. (S) Partes, parts in a play: Cic. Muren. 6 has partes lenitatis . . . egi libenter ; Cael. 8 istarum partium causa est eorum qui te agere voluerunt. Also with ace. 103 Ag;) Agere motus, to be moved : Lucr. 3. 575 motus Quos ante in nervis et in ipso cor pore agebat; cuYsus, Ov. Am. 3. 6. 95 (=to run). {6) Agere ambagei, to deal in riddles, act enigmatically: Plaut. Pseud. 1235 R ^^^''^ ambages; arbitria victoriae Curt. 6. i. 19 (act as if he might use the victory as he liked); arbitrium regni Ta.c. A. 13. 14 (act as if master of); 13. 46 agere aemulatus (act as rival); silentium Ov. M. i. 349 ei desolatas agere alta silentia terras; Quint. 10. i. 38 (keep silence); curam Ov. Her. 15. 302 ; Liv. 6. 15. n ; Quint. 5. 6. 3 (have a care for); paenitentiam Quint. 9. 3. 12 ; Tac. D. 15. 8 (be penitent) ; so Plin. Epist. 7. 10. 3; Vulg. ; oUivia Ov. M. 12. 540. (1) Agere ffieTiKJjv, to go through a course of emetic treatment: Cic. Att. 13. 52. I of Caesar (he was under emetic treatment). (k) Agere apologum, to relate a story or parable : Plaut. Stich. 538 R apologum agere unuvi volo ; canticum, to perform a canticum : Liv. 7. 2. 9. (X) Agere rimas, to be cracked : Cic. Att. 14. 9. i (of a wall begin- ning to crack); Ov. M. 2. 211 fissaque agit rimas {terrci). Iji) Agere laudes, gratias alicui, to praise or thank a person : Naev. Com. 33 laudes ago asseri: so Plaut. Trin. 821 laudes ago; Amph. 181 R ago gratias; so Afran. 312; Ter. Ad. 596; gratias or grates agere is common in all Latin. (v) Agere experi- vientum, to make an experiment: Plin. 29. 18 experimenta per mortes agunt. (0) Agere censum, to hold a census : Lex. lul. Mun. C. L L. I. 206. 144, 150; Liv. 3. 22. i, and in other authors. So also agere mensuram, to take a measurement of: Plin. 15. 14 amurcae mensuram nemo agit; fiscum ludaicum acerbissime agere, to administer very severely, Suet. Dom. 12 ; publicum quadragesimae, to administer the farming of, Suet. Vesp. i ; dilectus, to hold levies, Quint. 12. 3. 5; Suet. Cal. 43 dilectibus acerbissime actis; dilectum, Tac. H. 2. 16 ; augurium, Varro L. L. 6. 42 augures augurium agere dicuntur; conventus, to hold courts, Caes. G. i. 54, and elsewhere; Cic. Verr. 5. 28 conventum agere; Liv. 31. 29. q; /orum, (to hold a court), Cic. Fam. 3. 6. 4; indicium agebatur Plin. 9. lao; senatum AgOr 103 agere, to hold a meeting of the senate, Suet. lul. 88 ; consulatum, Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12. 14. 5 aduros consulatum Romae; Quint. 12. I. 16; Tac. has fninisteria, proconsulatum, honor es agere; so Suet. ; vigilias, Cic. Verr. 4. 93 ; Nep. Thras. 4. 4 ; Tac. ; bellum, Sail. H. 2. 41. 11; pacem, ib. 4. 61. i; morem, ib. H. 3. 61. 14; stationem, Liv. 35. 29. 12 ; custodiam urbis, ib. 5. 10. 4 ; excubias, Ov. F. 3. 245; pervigilium. Suet. Vit. 10. (n-) Agere causam, to plead a cause: VarroL. L. 6. 41 orator agere dicitur causam; Cic. passim ; Quint, and all Latin. (i) Agere cum aliquo, to deal, treat, plead with a person with a view of settling a matter; often fol- lowed by a final clause. (a) Plaut. Trin. 570 quod tibi lubet tute agito cum gnato meo (settle the matter as you like with — ) ; Rud. 605 R ago cum ilia ne noceat (I plead with her not to injure) ; Ten Hec. 686 egi atque oravi tecum uxorem ui duceres; Caes. G. i. 13 is ita cum Caesar e egit, then the speech follows; i. 41 reliquae legiones cum tribunis militum . . . egerunt, uti Caesari satisfacerent; C. I. 35 cum his agit, ne initium infer endi belli ab Massiliensibus oriatur ; 2. 36 cum P. Attio agebant, ne . . . vellet. So Cic, Sail, and all Latin. With ace. and inf. : Suet. Tib. 54 Tiberius egit cum senatu Hon debere ialia praemia tribui. (0) In law ; agere cum populo = to bring a matter before the people in their comitia : Cic. Dom. 39 negantfas esse agi cum populo, cum de caelo servatum sit, and so elsewhere ; Liv. i. 19. 6 aliquando nihil cum populo agi utile futurum erat, and so in all Latin. (k) To treat, discuss a subject, some- times with ace, sometimes with de : Enn. A. 544 magnis de rebus agentes) Ter. Eun. 513-14 rent seriam Velle agere mecum; Ad. 78 ipsus de quo agebam; Heaut. 595; Phorm. 614 id cum hoc agebam commodum; Caes. often; e. g. C. 3. 19 qui ea quae maxime ad pacem pertinere viderentur ageret; i. 36 haec dum inter eos aguntur; constantly with de aliqua re; so Cic, e.g. Verr. 4. 48 dum ego haec crimina agam ; 3. 104 decumas (agri Aetnensis) agemus; Verg. A. 11. 445 haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant; Liv. 34. 25. 2 legatis agentibus de societate. With verbal clauses: Lucr. 4. 674 quo pacto nares adiectus odor is Tangat, agam (I will discuss the question); i. 138 multa novis rebus . , . cum sit agen- dum ; 4. 29 nunc agere incipiam tibi . . . esse ea quae rerum simulacra vocamus. (1) To argue, plead: Cic. Att. i. 12. 2 aperte Pom- peium acturum Antonio succedi oportere, eodemque. tempore aget praetor ad populum; 9. 18. i sic, inquit, agam: senatui non placere in Hispanias iri; Nep. Ale. 8. 2 praesente vulgo agere coepit ; si vel- Unt, se coacturum, etc. With ace. of the argument used: Caes, I04 Ago. C. I. 6 Pompeius . . . eadem ilia . . . agi'i; Cic. Cluent. io8 haec turn, agente Quinctio, neque in contione neque in iudicio demonsirata sunt; 102 Cominiicum hoc agerent quod nos in Ma causa egimus, vicerunt; Liv. 35. 51. 6 qui eadem ilia . . . cum minis gravioribus agerent. (m) To take action, proceed, in politics : Cic. Att. 15. 4. i utinam per senatum agat, and so constantly in Cic; Liv. i. 14. i cum Laurentes iure gentium agerent. (n) Of taking action, pleading, contending, at law ; of the litigants ; abs., with ace, and with de. (a) Plant. Aul. 458 R lege agito mecum ; Pseud. 645 R res agitur aput iudicem; Ten Ph. 984 lege agito ergo; Lex. Rep. C. I. L. i. 198. 23 Sacramento actum cum eo; Varro L. L. 6. 30 non potest agi {lege), and so constantly in all Latin lege agere means to take legal pro- ceedings; Cic. Verr. 2. 90 ut cives inter se legibus suis agerent, and so iure summo agere, sponso, taiellis, manu agere, and the like. With gen. of the charge on which proceedings are taken: Cic. Cluent. 163 deinde aliquando cum servis Habitifurtiegit; so Quint, and all Latin. Abs., to plead a cause : passim in Cic. ; e. g. Cluent. 2 altera pars . . . perspicio quantum in agendo difficultatis sit habi- tura, so Quint, and all Latin. (o) In passive : agitur haec res means 'this is the matter in hand,' 'this is the question or the important point.' (a) Cato Orat. Inc. 2 communem rem agi (that the common interest was concerned); Ter. Ph. 631 non capitis . . res agitur sed pecuniae; Heaut. 475 non nunc pecunia agitur., sed illud, quo modo demus; Caes. ap. Gell. 5. 13 (fragm. p. 429 Oehler) hominum necessitate quorum res agitur ; so Cic. passim ; e. g. aguntur iniuriae sociorum, agitur vis legum, agitur existimatio veritasque iudiciorum ; very often with res, and so in all Latin. Followed by in and abl. : Liv. 3. 12. i in damnatione Caesonis libertatem agi; I. 25. 2 imperium agebatur in tarn paucorum virtute. Impersonal, agitur de hac re = this is the matter in hand ; Cic. often and all Latin. With verbal clause : Cic. Phil. 4. 1 2 agitur enim non qua condicione victuri, sed victurine simus ; 5. 6 agitur utrum M. Antonio facultas detur; Liv. 32. 10. 7 cum ageretur quae civitates liber andae essent. (0) In law, agitur de hac re = this is the matter in hand ; common in the formula quo de agitur (about which the question is) quoted e.g. by Cic. Verr. 2. 31, or qua de re agitur, abbreviated q. d. r. a.. Lex Rubria, C. I. L. i. 205, 1.23, etc. 3. Of time, life, to spend, pass. (a) Plaut. Amph. 500 R menses; ib. 633 agunda in aetate; so Trin. 229, etc.; Cato Orat. 70. i aetatem agunt; Ter. Hec. 207 una inter nos agere vitam; 394 mensis agitur hie iam Septimus ; Varro L. L. 5. 69 mensibus actis ; Lucr. 5. Ago. 105 82 agere aevom ; Cic. Quinct. 99 prope acta i'am aeiate decursaque, and so elsewhere ; diesfestos agere, and the like, are very common ; Prop. 2. 2. 16 Cumaeae saecula vatis aget (live through). (b) Of a particular age or season : Varro R. R. 2. 7. 2 quartum annum agere (to be in one's fourth year) ; CatuU. 68. 16 iucundum cum aetas florida ver ageret; Verg. G. 2. 338 ver magnus ageiat Orhis. (c) Abs. = to live, spend one's time, generally with the notion of activity: Ter. Ad. 501 quam vos facillime agilis; Sail. I. loi. 6 Marius apud primes agebai (was moving, acting) ; 100. i Marius . . . in oppidis maritimis agere decrevit ; H. i. 7 ingenium hominum . . . semper in certamine libertatis aut gloriae aut dominationis agii ; I. 9 sali in imperio agere; i. 90 in ore gentibus agens; 2. 96. 4 hostes in cervicibus Italiae agentes; i. 8 optimis moribus ei maxima Concordia egit populus Romanus inter secundum ac postremum bellum Karthaginiense ; I. 85. 35 cum tute per mollitiam agas (live softly), so Tac. passim. 4. Colloquial uses. (a) Quid agitur ? = how are you getting on ? how are you ? Ter. Ad. 373 quid agitur? quid agatur'i ib. 885 Salve, quid fit, quid agitur 1 Cic. Att. 14. 5. i quid agas ; 14. 6. 2 quid agas, quid agatur ; Hor. i. S. 9. 4 quid agis, dulcissime reruml and elsewhere in Latin. (b) To go or come : Plaut. Bacch. 1106 R unde agis? Lucil. 30. 39 eamus, agamusl (let's be off?) ; so especially frequent in all Latin, in imper. age, agite ; age dum, age sis, come ! (age dum, not agedum, Ritschl Op. 2. p. 563) ; age, age = well, well 1 Plaut. Most. 6 1 9 L age inquam (come now !) ; ib. 827 age iam mitto; so 1165; Plaut. Amph. 783 R al. age dum; Mil. 1 01 9 Rib. age age (well, well) ut tibi maxume concinnumst ; Ter. And. 310 age age, ut lubet; so Ad. 877; Ph. 662. Cicero often uses age in transitions from one argument to another. Nunc age, Lucr. I. 265, ' a not unfrequent formula in Lucr., by which he bids his reader to give heed when he is passing to a new question; it is used more than once in the same way by Vergil, and c)ften by Manilius' (Munro). Cic. N. D. 2. 43 ageporro . . . ergo etiam ? in- troducing a conclusion which the speaker thinks ought to be admitted; Inv. i. 51 age sis; ib. i. 3 age vero; Prop. i.\.2\en age dum; 4. 9. 54 cede age dum; Liv. 34. 32. 12 age dum = well now. Age is followed by the pi.: Plaut. Mil. 923 Rib. age abite; ib. 1347 age ite; Cic. Man. 40 age, considerate, and so elsewhere in Cic. 5. In Verg. Aen. i. 574 Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur, Serv. explains agetur as = regetur. It is just possible that Vergil may be reviving an old sense of the word = to weigh ; comp. exigo, examen ; a sense which perhaps also appears in the lo6 AgO> phrase agitur aliquid, something is at stake (lit. is in the balance). e. Participles. (a) Present, agens, (a) Agms vius alkuius, = deputy of a person, one who performs his functions ; abbreviated A. v.; common in inscriptions; e.g. C. I. L. 6. 1125 (Rome, 295 A. d); a. V. PR. PR. = agens vices praefecti praetorio. (0) Agens aliquid = effective: Corn. Her. 3. 37 non muias nee vagas, sed aliquid agentes imagines ponemus. {y) Agens alone = active, strenuous: Cic. Brut. 317 acrem oratorem et incensum et ageniem et canorum ; De Orat, 2. 358 utendum est imaginihus agentibus, acri- bus, insigniiis. (S) In Gramm., of verbs, active as opp. to passive : Gell. 1 8. 1 1 . 1 o verba patiendipro agentibus. (c) As title of imperial officials, agens in rebus, a confidential minister of the emperor : Amm. 14. II. 19 cum Apodemio agente in rebus milites ducens; 15. 3. 8 Gaudentius agens in rebus, and often in Amm. ; Cod. Theod. 6. 27 and 28 speaks of the agentes in rebus as a schola, with definite privi- leges and rights of promotion; from 28. 7 it appears that the heads of this order were considered as equal in rank to proconsuls, (b) Pass. perf. actus. Neut. pi. acta. (a) what is done, or pro- ceedings, especially of public proceedings, whether of an individual or a body: Cic. Att. 3. 8. 2 acta mensis Mai; 2. 11. \ plena non modo actorum sed etiam opinionum tuarum ; Cic. often speaks of acta Caesaris, i. e. his public proceedings, the laws that he passed, and so on. Met., Prop. 2. 13. 18 accipe quae serves funeris acta met (proceedings, order of my funeral). (0) So = record or news of proceedings : Cic. Fam. 12. 23. i acta rerum urhanarum mitti ad te\ Plin. 37. 12 ex ipsis Pompei triumphorum actis; Veget. R. Mi 2. 19 legionis ratio . . . adscribitur actis. (y) 'Acta diurna or publica, a daily chronicle of births (luv. 9. 84), marriages (2. 136, etc.), founded by Caesar, Suet. 20. Lipsius exc. on Tac. A. 5. 4 " iis continebantur res rationesque populi, iudicia publica, supplicia, comitia, aedificia, nativiiates, illustres mortes, matrimonia, divortia. De iudiciis suppliciisque admonuit Ammian. 22. 3. 4 et acta super eo gesta non sine magno legebantur horrore . . . de aedificiis ; Tac. A . 13. ■^\ pauca memoria digna evemre, nisi cui libeat laudandis funda- mentis et trabibus quis moleni amphitheatri apud campum Martis Caesar extruxerat, volumina implere, cum ex dignitate populi Romani repertum sit res illustres annalibus, talia diurnis urbis actis referre." The acta are frequently cited by Tac. and Suet, as authorities ; comp. Plin. ep. 7. 33. 3 diligentiam tuam fugere non possit, cum sit in publicis actis! Mayor on luv. 7. 104 (2nd ed.). (Base ag- = Sanskr. aj, 'to go, to drive;' Williams, In the Rig-Veda, according to Grassmann, only 'to drive;' Greek oly-a.) Agoga — AgonisticuS. 107 Agoga, subst. f., Greek aymy^, a conduit or channel for water : Plin- 33- 16 fossae per quas profluit cavantur ; agogas vacant. Ag6ge, = Greek ayayfi, musical t. t., the scale: Mart. Capell. 9. 958, 9- 970 agoge rhythmica = fall in pitch. Agolum, -i, subst. n., a shepherd's staff: Fest. p. 29 M. (Better written^ perhaps, agulum : from ago^ Agon, -is, ace. agona Suet. Nero 45 and elsewhere; ace. pi. agonas, Plin. Epist. 10. 75. 2 ; nom. pi. agones, Suet. Ner. 22 ; the Greek ay=the classical quidam for ns: Amm. 22. 9. 14 in speciem alicuius numinis excipi- tur ; 14. 7. 4 accenderat super his incitaium propositum ad nocendum aliqua mulier vilis. N.B. aliquis or aliquid y^'Vih. de, ex, or the gen., some one, something from or of a given set or quantity of things or persons : aliquid with gen. is very common in this connexion, e. g. aliquid veri, something true : Plaut. Capt. 585 R aliquid pugnae; Lex. Rep. C. L L. i. 198. 2. 16. 22 legionibus iiii primis, aliqua earum (any one of) : Ter. And. 398 aliquid boni; 250 aliquid monstri ; so Cic, Liv., and all Latin frequently, e.g. Cic. Phil. 8. 27 suorum aliquis; Caecin. 3 aliquid falsi, 4. After relative, or conditional, or negative sentences, any, if any, whether any, not any: Lucil. 17. 3 credis tu aliquam rem habuisse (any- thing?); Lucr. 4. 39 neve aliquid nostri post mortem posse relinqui; Cic. Fin. 2. 87 negat Epicurus ne diuturnitatem quidem temporis ad beate vivendum aliquid afferre ; Mil. 88 «^ cum solebat quidem idfacere, in privato eodem hoc aliquid prof ecer at ; Brut. 255 si modo est aliquis (if only there is any one) ; Nep. Epam. 4. 4 ne aliquis dicat, and so often in all Latin in the sense of lest any one, if any one : not however so strong as quisquam, which means any single person or thing, and is more emphatic. The following instances will illustrate the distinction : Cic. Post Red. ad Sen. 30 difficile est non aliquem, nefas est quemquam praeterire (it is diflScult not to pass over some one, but wrong to pass over any one) ; Hirtius (?) B. G. 8. 52 neque de Labieno credidit quicquam, neque contra senatus auctoritatem u( Aliquosecius — Aliquotfariam. 127 aliquid facer et potuit adduci; Catull. 22. 18 neque est quisquam, Quern non in aliqua re videre Suffenum Possis. In later writers, however, such as Ammianus, Vegetius, Orosius, Salvian, Ennodius, aliquis is used in negative sentences indistinguishably from quisquam. 5, Cases olaliquiax aliquis used adverbially, (a) Fem. ace. aliquam. Aliquant diu, for some length of time, for some time : Cic. Att. 2. 12. 4; Cluent. 25 k/ noti aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini, and elsewhere in Cic. Nep. Con, 5. 3 ; Dion 3. i ; Sail. I. 74. 3 ; Caes. G. i. 40 ; Liv, often ; Quint, and other authors. Often in contrast to a following sentence introduced by tandem, posiremo, or the like, e.g. Liv. 3. 32. 7 admiscerenturne plebei, controversia aliquamdiu fuit : postremo, etc. ; Suet. lul. 82 aliquamdiu iacuit. Aliquam multi, a pretty numerous quantity, a fair number : Cic. Verr. 4. 56 sunt vestrum aliquam multi qui L. Pisonem cognorunt; Varro ap. Cell. 3. 10. j7 aliquam multos non comparuisse; Apul. Apol. 72 aliquam multis diehus. (b) Fem. abl. sing, aliqua, by some way or other, in some way or other, literally and metaphorically; after negatives and conditionals, by or in any way: Plant. Mil. 221 Rib. ante veni aliqua atque aliquo saltu circumduce exercitum ; Merc. 334 R ne hie adillam me animum adiecisse aliqua sentiat; Ter. Phorm. 585, 746 ; Cic. Verr. i. 67 cupere aliqua evolare, si posset; Liv. 26. 27. 12 si qui evasisseni aliqua; Verg. E. 3. 15 si non aliqua nocuisses, moriuus esses. (c) Old dat. neut. aliquo, in some other direc' tion, in some direction or other, somewhither ; in negative and conditional sentences, in any direction, anywhither ; Plant. Trin. 598 ibit statim aliquo in maxumam malam crucem, and else-r where in Plaut. ; Ter. Eun. 667 ilium aliquo conclusissem; Ad. 786 in atigulum Aliquo abeam; 744 aliquo abicienda est (to some buyer) al. ; Lucil, 26. 7 evadat saltern aliquid aliquo; 28. 18 si kinc aliquo cesseris; Cic. Cat. i. 17 ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes; Vatin. 15 si eum . . . excellens nobilitas aliquo impulisset, and else^ where in Cic. Followed by terrarum, D. Brut. ap. Cic. Fam, 11. I, 3 Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum; Prop. 2. 5. 4 aliquo ventus erit (somewhither, to some place). Aliquosecius, glossed as = ■Boam, in some quantity or other. Gloss. Philox. Aliquotfariam, in some or several places ; Cato ap, Varr. R. R. I. 2. 7 in Picentium agro aliquotfariam in singula iugera dem cullea vinifiunt. 128 Alitia— Allasson. Alitia, nom. f. : I. R. N. 5069 (Aesernia in Samnium). Alius, -a, --lid, also alis, neut. alid. Nom. m. alts Lex Furfensis C. I. L. I. 603. 10 alis ne potesto; CatuU. 66. 28 quo non fortius ausit alis; C. I. L. 2. 2633 (27 a.d., Asturica in Gallaecia), wrongly quoted from Sail. C. 61. 3 by Charis. p. 1S9 Diom. P- 333 (see Jordan there). Neut. alid: Lucil. 9. 58; CatuU. 29. 15; Lucr. I. 263 and elsewhere in Lucr., spelt aledC I. L. 4. 1837 (Pompeii). Neut. aliut = aliud: Cato R. R. 161. 4; Ter. Hec. 844; Phorm. 770 al.; Cic. Verr. 3. 59, 5. 118 in Vatican Palimps.; C. I. L. 2. 1964 (Lex. Col. Gen.) 58, 69, 63. 6. Un- grammatical n. alium: C. L L. 5. 121 (Pola) alium corpus; Com- mod. 2. 10. 10. Gen. sing. m. f. n. usually alius (Prise, i. p.. 303 K), though it does not often occur. Gen. masc. alii or ali in phrase alii modi, attested by Paul. p. 28 M ali modi pro alius modi. Of this form Priscian i. p. 226 K; 2. p. 8. K gives instances from Cato, Licinius Macer, and Caelius Antipater, who also used the same form for the fem., alii rei; Varro L. L. 9. 67 alii generis ; comp. R. R. 2. 19; Vitruv. 2. 9. 5; 8. 3. 9 alii generis. Gen. fem. sing, aliae : Lucr. 3. 918 ; Cic. Div. 2. 30 ; Liv. 24. 27. 8 [si I. c) ; Ateius Capito ap. Gell. 4. 10. 8; also Gell. 2. 28. i; 17. 9. 3. Dat. m. f. n. commonly alii, sometimes ali or alei as C. L L. i. 206. 98 (Lex lulia municipalis) aleive quoi magistraiui, and more than once in Lucr. It is also found in good MSS. of Cicero, Seneca, and Quintilian. Dat. masc. n. alio : C. I. L. 10. 4972 (Venafrum) alio nemini: so the MSS. of Quint. 9. 4. 23, but Halm reads alii. Dat. fem. aliae : Plant. Mil. 800 Rib. aliae rei; comp. Paul. p. 2 7 ' aliae rei ' dixit Plautus pro eo quod est ' aliae rei ' ; Gell. 9. 4. 8 nulli aliae causae obnoxia. PI. alii, aliae, alia, etc., according to second declension. For alii, aliis found C. I. L. 6. 3222 (Rome), and sometimes in good MSS. of Cic, Liv., and the Med. of Tac. H. 4. g2 (but Halm reads alii). Abl. pi. alis =aliis C. I. L. 2. 2633 (Asturia in Gallaecia, 27 a.d.) and sometimes in MSS. Allaiedlus, nom. m. : C. L L. 6. 1056. ii. 53 (Rome, 205 a.d.). Allapsus, -us (adl-), a quiet approach: Hor. Epod. i. 20 serpentium adlapsus (pi.); Val. Max. i. 6. 8 adlapsus serpentiujn; Apul. M. g. I prope fontis adlapsum; Augustin. Conf. 10. 34 (lux) multimodo adlapsu blanditur mihi. Allasson, -ontis, (oXXao-o-av), changing ; allassontes calices, glass cups that change their colour as one looks at them ; Hadrian ap. Vopisc. Saturn. 8. 10. Allatio — AJlegatio. 129 Allatio (adl-), an act of oflfering : Ps. Hieron. Nativ. S. Mar. 8 virgas suas allaturos ad altar e, et cuiuscunque post adlationem virgula florem germinasset . . . ipsum esse, etc. (Paucker). Allatdr (adl-), one who brings ; Petr. Chrysol. Serm. 121 Abraham . . . ipse adlator prandii i^ws^i&i). Allec or bailee, n., allex or hallex, f. r the form allex is adopted by Keller on good MS. authority in Hor. 2. S. 4. 73 ; 8. 9; by Friedlander in Mart. 3. 77. 5, and by Keil and Hertz in the Grammatici Latini ^Yitxev&x the word occurs; hallec is given Plaut. Aul. fr. 5 R (ap. Non. p. 120) by the MSS. of Nonius; hallecem by the best MS. of Cato R. R. 58. But the MSS. generally vary between the two forms. Defined by Pliny 31. 75 as the vitium or corruption of garum, a costly kind of sauce or fish-brine made from the mackerel (seamier) : allec being also made from the anchovy (apud). Form allec or hallec : Plaut. and Hor. 1. 1. c. c. ; Prise. I. p. 212 K; Probus Appendix p. 199 K 'allec' non ' allex' Allectio, -onis (adl-) (adlegere), the choice of a person for election to the membership of a body, sometimes cooptation, sometimes adoption : Tert. Monog. 1 2 or do . . . monogamorum, de quo adlectio fiat in clerum; Praescr. Haer. 43 adlectio explorata (choice tested) ; Marc. 5.17 non natura suntfilii ludaei, sed adlectione patrum (adoption) ; Capitolin. Pertin. 6.10 adlectionibus innumeris Commodus praetorias miscuisset (acts of cooptation ?) ; ib. qui prae- iuras adlectione accepissent (i. e. who had been coopted into the order of viri praetorii), (iussit) post eos esse qui vere praetor es fuis- sent; Cod. Theod. 6. 24. 7 senatoriam vindicent dignitatem, seque cum adlectione clarissimos nostro iudicio gratulentur (election into the senate) ; comp. ib. 6. 4. 10. i ; 6. 35. 7 ; Ps. Cypr. ad Vigil. 10 adlectio Domini (choice or election). AUectfir, -oris (adl-). 1. One who elects or coopts : C. I. L. 6. 355 (Rome) adlector Isidis collegii. 2. A tax-collector : C. I. L. 6. 950 (Rome, 97 a.d.), 3756 (Rome, 100 a.d.), allectores. AUeciila, or haUecula, dim. of allec: Col. 6. 8. 2 ; pi. Col. 8. 17. 12. Alledius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2384. iii. 5 (Rome, 198 a.d.). AUegatio (adl-). 1. A mission, sending, of some one to act as one's deputy or spokesman: Cic. Att. i. ix. i quod neque epistulae tuae neque nostra adlegatio potest delere; Verr. i. 136 cum , . . omnes ad istum adlegationes difficiles, omnes aditus arduos . . . K 1 30 Allegat-as — AUego. viderent; ib. i. 44 quanta iste cupiditate, quiltis adlegationihus illam sibi legationem expugnavit. 2. An allegation, ex parte state- ment of a fact : (is this the meaning of Gloss. Philox. allegatio, hihaaKoKia ?) ; Apul. M. lo. 6 utrimque secus adlegationihus ex- aminaiis; Fragm. lur. Vat. 273 (age of Constantine) partium adlegationihus examinatis, and elsewhere in jurisc. ; lulius Victor ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 418 iuris adlegationihus, statements or claims that law or right is on one's side. 3. An imperial edict or rescript : Cod. Theod. 16. 5. 37 ; Rufin. Interpr. losephi Antiqq. 12. 2 allegationis vel (= ei) epistolarum exemplum designavimus . . . allegationis autem exemplum etc. = ttjs eKSocrecos to avrlypacftov. (Ronsch S. B. p. 7.) Allegatiis, -us (adl-), a sending to: Gell. 13. 21. 19 says 'Aic' quoque ' adlegatus ' et ' hie arhitratus ' pro ' adlegatione ' atque ' arhi- tratione ' dicuntur, qua ratione servata ' arhiiratu ' et ' adlegatu meo ' dicimus. The phrase meo adlegatu occurs Plant. Trin. 1142 meo adlegatu venit quasi qui aurum mihi Ferret aps te (by my authority, on my commission). Allege, -as (adl-). 1. To send a person to another, usually with the idea of his executing a commission for the sender: Plaut. Ps. 1233 R hodie qui ilium ad me adlegavit, mulierem qui ahduceret; Persa 135 R adlegavero alium qui vendat (send some one else for me) ; Ter. Eun. 899 ne credas a me adlegatum hunc senem (sent as my advocate to you); Cic. Verr. i. 139 necessarios istius ad eum adlegatos esse dicehat; Phil. 5. 14 quern ad hunc reus adleget'i Verr. i. 149 petit a me Hahonius et amicos adlegat; Rose. Am. 25 ad eos accedit et homines nohiles adlegat . . . qui peterent; Fam. 15. 10. 2 adlegarem ad te illos, etc.; Liv. 36. 11. i primum adlegando, deinde rogando. 2. To appoint, com- mission, suborn, a person, for the execution of anything ; abs., with ad and with dat.; Plaut. Amph. 183 R adlegent hominem qui sug- gillet; so Cas. Prol. 52, 55; Pseud. 1162 R adlegavit hunc quasi a Macedonia esset; Epid. 427 R ego si adlegassem aliquem hominem ad hoc negotium Minus quam hunc doctum; Amph. 674 R alium ego isti rei adlegaho; Stich. 681 R ceterum id curando (aliuni) adlegavei. (The passage Cic. Q. Fr. 2. 3. 5 idem Nerius edidit {ad) adlegatos, Cn. Lentulum Vacciam et C. Cornelium, is given up by Tyrrell as corrupt.) To bring forward as a witness : Ambros. Ep. 158 ad- legare testes ; Gloss. Philox. adlegat, TrapaTWerm fiaprvpas. 3. Met., to put forward prominently for the purposes of argument or the like : Quint. 3. 8. 46 non cupiditatem lucis adlegabimus (use as a Allege. 131 prominent argument the love of life); 4. i. 13 nam turn digniias etus adlegatur, turn commendatur infirmitas; so ib. 16; 7. 4. 21; Plin. Ep. 3. 15 adlegas exemplum; Pan. 70 hoc senatui adlegandum pulasii; Stat. Achill. 2. 224 adlegantque suos utroque e sanguine divos; Tac. H. 4. 84 munera preces mandata regis sui Scythodromidi adlegant {^ty bring forward for his notice); Suet. Aug. 47 merita erga P. R. adlegantes; and so in jurisc. and later Latin often. 4. With ace. and inf., to argue that: lustin. 16. i. 10 is priorem se petitum ab Alexandra adlegat. 5. Allegare se ex servitute in ingenuitaiem, to assert that one is free-born, Dig. 40. 12. 27. i. 6. Followed by dat., or clause with prep., to reckon, mention among, in addition to: Cod. Theod. 8. 12. 3 [aliquid) apud acta adlegari. 7. As subst., adlegattis = a representative, spokes- man: Cic. Fam. 15. 15. 2 adlegato ac deprecatore te ipso (of Cassius, sent to Caesar); C. I. L. 5. 2845 (Padua) adkgatei quinque Patavii. Allege, -is, -ere, -legi, -lectum (adl-). 1. To choose in addition: abs., with in and ace. and with dat.: Varro L. L. 6. 66 additi adlecti; Liv. 10. 6. 6 rogationem ergo promulgarunt, ut cum quattuor augures, quattuor pontifices ea tempestate assent, quattuor ponti- fices, quinque augures, de plebe omnes adlegerentur ; ib. 9 quia de plebe adlegebaniur; Paul. p. 7 ' adlecti' dicebantur apud Romanos qui propter inopiam (senatorum ?) ex equestri or dine in senatorum sunt numerum adsumpti; Plin. Ep. i. 14. g adlectus inter praetor ios, i.e. made a praetorius without having been actually /ra^/cr; see adleciio; Veil. 2. 89. 3 octo praetoribus adlecti duo; Suet. lul. ^i patricios adlegit; Dig. 50. 6. 5. 13 it qui in corporibus adlecti sunt (the extra or addi- tional members ?) ; Cod. Theod. 12.6. 12 largitionales etprosecutores, adlectique; ib. 11. 16. 15, 18. 2. To choose, elect, for a particular purpose, or as member of a previously existing body ; with in and ace, later with in and abl. ; also with dat.: Suet. Aug. 49 ceterum numerum . . . in sui ctistodiam adlegit; Claud. 24 Appium Claudium . . . libertinorum filios in senatum adlegisse docuit, and so elsewhere in later Latin. Often in inscr.: with in and abl., C. I. L. 2. 4251 adlectus in equite (Tarraco, c. a.d. 50); ib. 4244. 4262 adlectus in or dine Tarraconensium (is this meant for ace.?), C. I. R. 1067 adlectus in ordinem; C. I. L. 5. 5036 adlectus annonae kgionis Hi Italicae; and several times in the same vol., in provincial inscr., adlectus aerario, followed by tiii vir iuri dicundo or prae- fectus iuri dicundo. In C. I. L. 2. 4227 (Tarraco, c. a.d. 140) ad- lectus Italicam = presented with the citizenship of Italica in Baetica ; K 2 132 AJlegoria — AUiacius. so elsewhere. 3. Met., Sen. Agam. 852 adlegi caelo, to be adopted or taken up among the gods. AllegSria, -ae, = Greek dXXijyopia, which is used by Cic. only as a Greek word, a figure of speech by which one thing is said and another intended. Translated alieniloquium: Isid. Or. i. 36. 22 ' allegoria ' est alieniloquium. Isid. is evidently drawing on the same definition as Quint., who (8. 6. 44) says ' allegoria' quam inversionem. interpretaniur , aut aliud verbis, aliud sensu ostendit, aut etiam interim contrarium. In other words allegoria means either a metaphorical passage, as when Horace speaks of the republic as a ship, or a passage in which the words are used in their proper sense, but in which (by a change of name or some other device) it is shown that the fact alluded to is different from that which the words appear to intend, as when Vergil calls himself in the Eclogues Tityrus or Menalcas. Comp. Charis. p. 276 K. Several times in Quint.; Arnob. 5. 34 omnis isia quae dicitur allegoria; Tert. Res. Cam. 30, and elsewhere in later Latin. Alleius, Alleia, nomina, nom. m. : I. R. N. 2350 (Pompeii), and often at Pompeii; 6. 1969 (Rome). Alleluia, interj., Hebrew word = praise the Lord : Vulg. and Eccl. Latin; scanned Alleluia (quadrisyll.) by Paulin. Nol. Epist. 32. 5 alleluia novis balat ovile choris, but alUliaa Sidon. ApoU. Ep. 2. 14 responsantibus alUMaa ripis; Prudent. Cath. 4. 72 amen reddidit, alleluia dixit. AlleluiatiCTis, ,adj. from foreg., characterized by or belonging to alleluias: August. Enarr. in Psalm. 105 psalmi alleluiatici; Cassiod, in Ps. 115 pr. al. alleluiatica gaudia. Allenius, Allenia, nomina.: C. I. L. 5. 2828 (Padua); 3162 (Vicenza); 6. 1362 (Rome). Alletius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1056. iv. 68 (Rome, 205 a.d.). Allex, f. = allec, q. v. Allex, better hallex, the thumb or great toe : Plaut. Poen. 1310 R hallex viri (thumb of a man, Tom Thumb); but Lowe p. 273 would read allux or hallux, quoting Paul. p. 7 ' alius ' pollex scandens proximum digitum; see ib. p. 102 ' hallus,' pollex pedis; and other glosses of the same import, e.g. Gloss. Sangall. p. 143 Warren, ' alux' pollex inpede. Allia, Alliensis, see Alia, Aliensis. AUiacius, nom. m.; C. I. L. 6. 2467 (Rome). AUiaria — AlUgo. 1 33 AUIarla, nom. f.: I. R. N. 5804 (Amiternum). AUiatorius, nom. m.: C. I. L. 6. 2545 (Rome). Anicnla = alicula (q. v.). Allidius and AUidia, nomina : I. R. N. often, and other inscr. AlUentis, nom. m.: I. R. N. 6769 iv. vi. (now at Naples), and elsewhere in I. R. N.; C. I. L. 5. 2500 (Este); 6. 192 (Rome). Allifae, name of a town in Samnium : Liv. 8.25.43!. (There is no real authority for the spelling Alliphae, given as an alternative by Lewis and Short.) AUigatlo, -onis (adl-). 1. Binding: Col. 11. 2. 16 ar- hustorum; Hieron. Ep. 145. i alligatio, qtiae solutioni contraria est; Prosper Aquit. Ps. 146. 3 alligaiiones conirih'onum (binding up of bruises). 2. Concr. a band: Vitruv. 7. 3. 2 adligationilus temperentur ; so 8. 7. 9. AlligatSr, -oris (adl-), one who binds or ties up : Col. 4. 13. i, and elsewhere in Col.; Augustin. Civ. D. 12. 26 inclusores adli- gatoresque nostras; ib. De Catechiz. Rudibus 7. 11 remediorum sa- crilegorum adligatoribus. Alllgatura, -ae, (adligare), prop, a binding; so concr. a band, tie, ligature : Col. Arb. 8. 3 infra insitionem et adligaturam ; Scrib. Larg. Comp. 209; and often in Vulg. and Eccl. writers; see Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata p. 40. 2. An amulet : Vulg. Eccl. 6. 31. 3. A bundle: Vulg. 2 Reg. 16. i. Alllgo, -as, -avi, -are (adl-). 1. To bind to, tie to: constr. with ad, dat., and sometimes with cum. (a) Plaut. As. 303 R adligatum ad pedes; Ps. 319 R una opera adligem canem fugitivam agninis lactibus; Varro R. R. 2. 2. 14 adligant ad naturam; L. L. 8. 10 cum altera (aliquid) adligare; Cic. Verr. 5. ro, II ad palum; Cic. ap. Macrob. S. 2. 3. 3 quis generum nieum ad gladium adligavit ? and so elsewhere in Latin. Of colour, to fix, attach: Plin. 9. 134 pelagia admodum alligatur; 32. 66 ita. colorem alligans, ut elui postea non possit. (b) Met, Quint. 8. 6. 62 verbum proximis . . . adligetur; 2. 13. 14 quam minime adligare me adpraecepta; 12. 10. 45 ne dd fws. quidem ipsos {Catonem et Gracchum) oratarem adligandum puta ; and so elsewhere in Quint. ; so Dig. 22. 5. 3. 2 non utique ad unam prabationis speciem cogni- tionem adligari debere. 2. To tie or bind up, to bind. (a) Cato R. R. 28 {arbares) foliis adligato (tie them up with leaves); ib. loi adligato ramulos inter se; Scipio Afric. mi. (Meyer xv. 9) 134 Allino. quos adligatos adduxi (whom I have brought hither in chains) ; Varro L. L. 5. 137 dolia his sirpiculis adligaia; Cic. Att. 2. 18. i civitatis voluntaiem solutam, virtutem adligatam; Verg. A. i. 169 (naves) non adligat ancora morsu; G. 4. 480 quos circiim limus niger et deformis harundo Adligat; A. 6. 439 quos . . . iristi . . . palus inamabilis unda Adligat; Ov. M. 4. 364 pendens caput ilia pedesque Alligat, and elsewhere in Ov.; Vitruv. often; Liv. 7. 24. 4 vulnere adligato; C. I. L. 4. 1649 (Pompeii) alliget hie auras si quis obiurgat amantes; Col. i. 9. 4 vineta plurimum per adligatos ex- coluntur (bondmen); Petron. 40 alligatus fasciis cruralibus; Sen. Epist. 117. 30 of a piece at draughts, alligatus calculus, a piece in difBculties : Tac. G. 24 adligari se ac venire patitur, and so often elsewhere in Latin. Of milk, to curdle (?) : Mart. 8. 64. 9 massam modo lactis alligati. (lb) Met., of the face, to contract, wrinkle : Va.CM\. i^voltum adligat quae trisiities P (c) Met., to tie, hamper, bind, restrain : Plant. Epid. 369 R ibi leno sceleratum caput suum imprudens adligabit (get into a noose); Rud. 46 R adligat iure- iurando (binds by an oath); Cic. Att. 8. 16. i ne qua re impediar atque adliger (be tied, embarrassed), and often in this sense, e.g. Plane. 81 benevolentiae significatione adligari (oblige); Cluent. ig4 lege; 179 nuptiis, spe testamenti; 151 novo quaestionis genere P. R. adligare; Prop. i. 5. 12 /eras animis adligat una viros (tames, subdues) ; Liv. 34. 3. i muliebria iura quibus alligaverint maiores licentiam ear urn.; 35. 46. 10 alligata foedere iniquo. (d) In law, to tie, bind, of persons or things ; scelere se adligare = to make oneself guilty of a crime : Cato Orat. 62 ager adligatus ad sacra; Varro L. L. 5. 182 qui pecuniam adliget, stipulari et restipulari dicunt; ib. 6. 71 sponsti adligatus; Cic. Rose. Com. 36 «/ nee Roscium stipulatione adliget; Flacc. 41 metuit . . . ne L. Flaccus nunc se scelere adliget; Cluent. 39 in quo adligatum nomen Oppianici esse constaret (implicated, bound up). With gen. of the crime of which a man made himself guilty : Ter. Eun. 809 hie furti se adliget, and so in legal Latin. (e) Part. pass, adligatus = testis, a witness: Isid. Or. 5. 23 testes quos sibi quisque ante iudicium placitis adligat, ne cui sit postea liberum aut dissimulare aut sub- trahere se, unde et adligati appellantur. Allino, -is (adl-), form adlinio in inf. adlinire Pall. i. 41. 3, to rub or smear on. Abs., and with dat. of the thing on which : Cic. Verr. Act. Pr. 1 7 nulla nota . . . nullae sordes videbantur his sen- teniiis adlini posse ; Hor. A. P. 445 {versibus) incomptis adlinet atrum Transverso calamo signum ; Sen. Ep. 7. 2 nemo non aliquod nobis Allius — AUuceo. 135 vitium . , . nescientibus adlinit; Plin. 13. 77 supina tabulae schida adltnilur (is glued on); Pallad. i. 41. 2, 3. Pass. part, in the sense of stained, defiled : Prudent. Hamart. praef. 63 Cain tri- umphat morte fratris adlitus (si I. c). Allius and Allia, nomina: often in inscr., e.g. C. I. L. 6. 196 (Rome, 70 A.D.); 975. vi. 13 (Rome, 136 a.d.). A116eutio (adl-), in the sense of 1. irapaivea-is, counsel: Vulg. Sap. 8. 9 erit alloculio cogitationis et taedii met (Ronsch I. u. V. p. 305). 2. A dramatization or assumption of a character by a poet or historian : Quint. 9. 2. 37 apud historic os reperiuntur obli- quae adlocutiones, ut in T. Livii prima statim, etc. ; Suet. Gramm. 4 ; Prise. 2. p. 437 K, and later Rhet. = Greek jj6(moua or Trpoa-anro- iroda. Allficutivus (adl-), bearing the character of an address : Anecd. Helv. Hagen p. 161 (pratio) est adlocutiva in epistulis, disputativa in dialogis. A116ctuluin (adl-). 1. An address, speaking to, talking to: Liv. I. 34. II benigno adloquio; 25. 24. 15 adloquio leni ; Luc. 10. 174 longis producere noctem Adloquiis; Tac. several times; in pi. H. 2. 49 vacavit dbeuntium adloquiis; 5. i comitate et adloquiis officia provocans ; A. 4. 8 vix propinquorum adloquia tolerari; so Plin. Epist. I. 8. 12 Uandioribus adloquiis, and elsewhere in post- Augustan Latin. In C. I. L. 6. 1756. b. 12 (Rome, 395 a.d.) principis alloquium = access to, intercourse with, the princeps. 2. = rrapafi-vBia, consolation, comfort: Hor. Epod. 13. 1 8 deformis aegrimoniae dulcibus alloquiis; Ov. Trist. i. 5. 4 ausus es adloquio sustinuisse tuo; so ib. i. 8. 18. AUubeseo, -is (adl-). 1. To begin to please : Plaut. Mil. 999 Rib. hercle vero iam adlubescit primulum. 2. To gratify a person, meet his wishes : Apul. M. 2. 10, 7. 11. 3. To begin to take pleasure in : Apul. M. 9. 3 aquis adlubescerem ; Mart. Cap. I. 25 conubiorum copulis adlubescat; i. 31 nostrisque suade quo ad- luhescat nisibus. Alluceo, -es (adl-). 1. To shine upon, Abs., and with dat.: Plaut. Persa 515 R nequiquam tibi For tuna faculam (surely facula) lucrifica adlucere volt; Varro L. L. 6. 79 . . . qui adlucet; Augustin. Conf. 11. c. 22 adlucente misericordia tua, Domine. Impers.: Suet. Vit. 8 bono animo estote, nobis adluxit. 2. To shine besides: Sen. Ep. 92. 5 sole te non esse contentum, nisi aliquis igniculus adluxerit. 1 36 AUuctamenttim — AUttvio. Alluctamentum (adl-), a struggle, wrestling : Arnob. iun. Confl. de Deo Trino et Uno i. 7 adluctamenta verborum. Alliio, -is (adl-), of water, to wash, wet ; with ace, and mostly of just washing or wetting, wetting the edge of a thing : Varro R. R. 3. 14. 2 adluant quorum radices lacus acfluvii; CatuU. 65. 6 adluit undapedem; Cic. Rose. Am. 72 tla iadantur fluctibus ui numquam adluantur; Verr. 5. 96 ut non. adluantur mari moenia extrema, sed ipse influat in urbis sinum partus ; Flacc. 63 {civiias) in ultimis terris cincta Gallorum gentihus barbariae fluctibus adluatur; Caes. C. 2. i Massilia . . . ex tribus oppidi partibus mari adluitur; Verg. G. 2, 158 a« mare quod supra memorem quodque adluit infra? so A. 8. 149; Sen. Phaedra 1241 amnis era vicina adluens; Plin. 6. 11 ; Tac. several times, and in other authors. Alluquius, cogn. m.: C. I. L. 2. 737 (Norba in Lusitania); ib. 961 %-^€&. Aluquius (Paimogo in Baetica). Alius, -i, i. q. allex, q. v. Alluslo, -onis (adl-), subst. fem. abstr. from adludo. 1. A playing with: Arnob. 7. 23. 2. An image, metaphor: Cassiodor. in Psalt. Praef. 17. p. 24 b. Migne parabolis et tropicis allusionibus ; al. AUiivid, -onis (adl-), subst. fem. abstr. from adluo, an over- flow, inundation, of water, esp. in legal Latin, an overflow causing a deposit of soil: Cic. De Oral. i. 173 adluvionum iura (rules concerning — ) ; Gaius 2. 70 per alluvionem . . . id videtur adici, quod ita paulatim flumen agro nostro adicitutnon aestimetur, etc.; Ps. Apul. De Mundo 23 terram . . . aquarum saepe allumonibus mersam ; Amm. 15. 9. 4 adluvione fervidi maris; Vulg. Job 14. 19 alluvione paulatim terra consumitur ; Avien. phaen. 1248 salis all.; Dig. 8. 6. 14 si locus . . . impetu fluminis occupatus esset, et . . . alluvione facta restitutus est; 12. 6. 15 quod alluvione accessit; 19. i. 13. 14 si decern iugera . . . alluvione accreverint; 43. 20. 3. 2 si ex alluvione paulatim accesserit fundo tuo; Frontin. Controv. Agr. 2. p. 50 Ij&chva.per alluvionem flumina possessoribus iniurias faciunt ; ib. p. ^1 flumina in quibus alluvio observari debeat; Hygin. Gen. Controv. p. 124 de adluvione atque abluvione; Siculus Flaccus de Condic. Agr. p. 150 rivus . . . si alicuius terras minutatim ex alia parte abstrahat et alii contrario relinquit, quod vocant abluvionem et allu- vionem; Theodos. et Valent. Const, p. 274 alluvionum quae contin- gere solent in praediis quae ripis quorundam fluminum terminantur , . . quod possessori per alluvionem adcrescit; Grom. p. 347 alluviones AUuvius — Almus. 137 et divergia aquarum. (It seems doubtful whether in any one of these passages alluvio means anything but the overflow which causes the deposit. That it ever means the deposit itself is not proved, though it may possibly do so in Grom. Lat. p. 306 Lachm. sagrabam quam appellant alluvionem.) Alliivius, -a, -urn, formed by the deposit of a river : Isid. in Grom. Lat. p. 369 Lachm. alluvius ager est quern paulatim fluvius in agrum reddit. Neut. as subst. : Gloss. Sangall. p. 143 Warren, ^alluvium' quotiens flumen alium sibi meatum. facit. Alluus, nom. m.: C. L L. g. 5941 (Milan). Almlficus, doing gracious deeds: Venant. Carm. 2. 21. 2. Almitas, graciousness (?) : Petr. Gramm. ap. Hagen Anecdota Helvetica, p. 164 (Keil's G. L. vol. 8). Almities. 1. Glossed by Paul. p. 7 M as habitus almarum rerum, which may either mean nutritiousness or a well-nourished condition; so Gloss. Philox. almities, naKKos avarpofis. 2. Glossed by Charis. p. 39 K as = evTrporeta, beauty; in Glossae Nominum p. 11 Lowe as ^ pulchritudo. Almo, name of a stream flowing into the Tiber, Cic. N. D. 3. 52, and elsewhere in Latin; name of a man, Verg. A. 7. 532. Almus, (al-, to nourish). 1. Nourishing, life-giving : Lucr. 4. 633 cibus magis suavis et almus; 2. 390 liquor almus aquarum ; Ov. M. I. 435 ubi diluvio tellus lutulenta recenti Solibus aetheriis almoque recanduit aestu; Stat. Achill. 2. 383 nee almis Uberibus satiasse famem. 2. Bountiful, kindly : Lucr. 2. 992 alma . . . mater . . . terra; Verg. G. 2. 330 ager; A. i. 306 al. lux; 7. 644 terra; G. 2. 233 vitibus almis; Hor. 4. C. 4. 41 alma adorea; so very much Ov., e.g. M. 15. 20^ florumque coloribus almus Ludit ager. 3. Of persons, especially applied to deities, gracious, kindly, boun- teous, increase-giving : Plaut. Rud. 694 R alma Venus ; Cure. 358 R invoco almam meam nuiricem Herculem ; Enn. Trag. 410 Fides alma ; Lucil. 5. 18 alma Ceres; Laevius (?) ap. Macrob. S. 3. 8. 3 Venerem igitur almum adorans, Sive femina sive mas est, Ita ut alma Nocti- luca est; Lucr. i. 2 alma Venus. The epithet seems in this case to have been a popular as well as a poetical one, as almae Veneris vicus was the name of a street in the twelfth regio of Rome, C. L L. 6. 975. iv. 7 (130 A.D.); and the Cosmographia Aethici (p. 716 ed. A. Gronovius) says of the island between Portus and Ostia ita autem vernali tempore rosa vel ceteris floribus adimpletur ut prae nimietate 138 Alnetum — Alogior. sui odoris et floris insula ipsa ' Libanus almae Veneris' nuncupetur; so Apul. M. 4. 30 en orbis totius alma Venus ; perhaps an equivalent for Empedocles's epithet of her, f«'8(> amatores hui'c {Catoni) desuni; and so elsewhere in Cic. ; Hor. i. Epist. lo. i urbis amaiorem, ruris amatores; Quint. 9. 3. 14 antiquitatis, cuius unice amator est Vergilius ; and so often in Quint, of styles or particular authors ; and in other writers. Amazon, -6nls : the forms of this word are : ace. sing. Amdzo- nem, Plin. often; Amdzona Ov. A. A. 2. 743; Amdzonam Hygin. Fab. 241 ; abl. sing. Amdzone, but AmdzondTeTt. Marc. 1. 1 ; nom. pi. Amazbnh Verg. A. 11. 660 ; ace. pi. Amdzonas Ov. A. A. 3. i, Plin. 34. 53. Ambages, -is, subst. f. The nom. s., quoted by Charis. i. p. 40 K, occurs Tac. H. 5. 13 ; abl. sing, amhage in Ov., Sen., Lucan, Pliny, Val. Fl., Statius, Tacitus, Ammian, (Neue, Lat. Form. i. p. 478, 2nd ed.); gen. pi. ambagum Ov. M. 7. 761 ; but mostly in nom., ace, dat., abl. pi. ambages, ambagibus. 1. A round-about way, a circuitous or winding route; a circuitous motion: Lucr. 6. 919 nimium longis ambagibus est adeundum ; 6. 1081 nee tibi tarn longis opus est ambagibus usquam ; Verg. A. 6. 29 dolos tecti ambagesque resolvit; Ov. M. 8. 161 variarum ambage viarum; Quint. 3. 11. 23 haec autem brevier . . . via . . . neque discentem per ambages fatigabit, etc.; Plin. 2. 41 of the moon: multiformis haec ambage tor sit ingenia contemplantium ; 36. 85 itinerum ambages occursusque ac recursus inexplicabiles ; Apul. M. 7. 15 hordeum . . . sub eadem mola meis quassatum ambagibus. 2. Met., of conversation or writing, a long, circuitous statement: Plaut. Ps. 1255 R quid opus est me agere ambages} Cist. 4. 2. 82 ambages mitte ; Ter. Heaut. 318 quas, malum, ambages mihi narrare occepifi Lucil. Inc. 65 quid tibi ambages scribere coner} Verg. A. i. 341 longa est iniuria, longae Ambages (a long story); Verg. G. 2. 46 carmine ficto Atque per ambages et longa exorsa (by a winding road) ; Hor. 2. S. 5. 9 missis ambagibus; and so elsewhere in Latin. 3. A circum- locution, ambiguous, riddling, or shuffling statement: Liv. 6. 16. i cum mittere ambages dictator iuberet; i. 55. 6 per ambages (enig- matically) ; I. 54. 8 quidve praeciperet tacitis ambagibus (enigmatical or mysterious silence); Ov. M. 7. 761 immemor ambagum (her riddles); F. 4. 261 obscurae sortis patres ambagibus errant ; so often in Tac, e.g. A. 6. 46, 11. 34, 12. 63; Arnob. 5. 42 ambagibus allegoricis historiae ; and so often elsewhere in post- Augustan Latin. 4. A nonsensical statement or proceeding (with a notion of its tending, or being intended, to deceive) : Plin. 7. 188 post sepulturam variae manium ambages (foolish speculations about a future life) ; 10. 137 immensa vitae ambage circa augur ia (endless 15° Ambagiosus — Ambigo. vagaries on the matter of augury) ; 30. >]fahulam complexam am- bages femmarum detrahentium lunam; Pers. 3. 20 quid istas Succinis ambages} 5. Doubt, deliberation: Amm. 16. 2. 7 «/ . . . adihcs urbis non sine anxia panderetur ambage. (Ambi and ag- meaning apparently to go : this base is found also perhaps in ind-ag-o and co-dg-ulum^ Ambagiosus [ambages^, circuitous : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. vol. 6 ^ambagiosus' circulosus; so Gloss. Ball. Gell. 14. i. 33 lubrica aique ambagiosa coniectatione nitentes. Ambago, -inis, subst. f., doubt, obscurity (properly, circuitous going) : Manil. 4. 304 et verum in saepto est, multaqe ambagine rerum; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 420 ' ambagines' perpkxiiates. Axnbegnus or Ambignus, adj., having a young one on each side of it : Varro L. L. 7. 31 ambegna bos apud augures, quam cir- cum aliae hostiae constituuntur : Paul. p. 14 M 'ambegni' bos et vervex appellabantur , cum ad eorum utraque later a agni in sacrificium ducebantur; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 377 ' ambignae oves' ex utraque parte agnos habentes. Ambianus, -a, -um, in pi. Ambiani, name of a Gallic tribe, Caes. G. 2. 4. al., Plin. 4. 106 ; Ambiani, ancient name of Amiens, Amm. 15. II. 10, 27. 8. i ; Ambianus = oi Kroxens, C. I. L. 5. 6885; Ambianensis, the same, Sulp. Sev. Martin. 3. i. Ambibianus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 6. 975. iii. 43 (Rome, 136 a. d.). Ambiblus, Ambibla, nomina : C. I. L. 6. 200. vii. 14 (Rome, 70 A. D.) ; L R. N. 2947 (near Naples). Ambibtdus, cogn. m, : C. I. L. 6. 970 (Rome, 130 a. d.) ; I. R. N. mo (Bonito in Apulia, 126 a. d.), 3850 (Capua). Ambidexter, adj., ambidextrous, one whose left hand is as strong and effective as his right; Itala lud. 3. ig suscitavit iis . . . Aioth, virum ambidextrum; Rufin. Horn. Orig. lud. 3- § 5 . • • utramque manum dextram habet : hoc est enim quod dicitur ambi- dexter ; ib. § 6 ; and Horn. 4. i. Ambiectus, -a, -tun, part. pass, coined from a supposed verb ambicio, to throw round: Varro L. L. g. 132 ' amictui' dictum, quod ambiectum est, id est circumiectum. Ambigo, -is, -ere, perf. and sup. not in use. l. To dis- cuss, dispute, have an altercation : usually constr. abs. or with de, or with verbal clause in the interrogative form, ambigo an — quis — uter, and the like : Ter. Heaut. 499 vicini hinc ambiguni de finibus ; Cic. Inv. 2.122 atnbigunt agnati cum eo qui est secundus heres ; ib. Ambigtiitas. 151 Fin. 2. 4 «/ inter eos qui ambigunt conveniat; De Oral. 3. iii omnis res eandem habet naturam ambigendi^ de qua quaeri et disceptari solet, etc.; Liv. i. 3. 2 haud ambigam, hicine fuerit Ascanius (discuss, raise the question); 35. 16. 10 nulla ambigente (no one disputing their claim) ; Tac. A. 4. 55 ambigentes quanam in civitate templum statueretur ; H. i. 24 de parte finium cum vicino ambigenti. 2. In pass., with nom. of the thing about which the dispute or doubt occurs (ambigitur hoc, kaec res, etc.) : Lex Agr. C. I. L. i. 200. 23 sei quid de eo agro loco ambigeiur ; Cic. Caec. 21 fundum . . . de quo nihil ambigebatur ; Lucr. 3. 1074 temporis aeterni quoniam, nan unius horae Ambigitur status; Cic. De Or. 2. no in iis causis quae propter scriptum ambiguntur ; Hor. i. Epist. 18. 19 ambigitur quid enim'i Liv. 35. 32. 14 de iis quae ambigerentur ; and so elsewhere in Latin. With ace. and inf. following, Tac. A. 11. 4 illud haud ambigitur, qualicumque insomnia ipsi fratrique perniciem adlatam. 3. In pass., impersonally, ambigitur or ambigebatur = there is or was a dispute or discussion or doubt : so very often. With an or in- terrogative clause following, = there is a doubt whether, or who : with ace. and inf. or quin, there is a doubt of the fact that : Lex Rubria C. I. L. i. 205. ii. iS pecuniade qua turn inter eas ambigetur ; so often Cic, as Verr. 2.45 de qua ambigebatur; Liv. 2. i. 3 neque ambigitur quin . . . (nor is there a question, but that . . .) ; Quint, often has de aliqua re ambigitur, and also ambigitur an, and the like; Tac. A. 12. i maxime ambigebatur inter Lolliam Paulinam et . . . Juliam Agrippinam ; so H. 3. 71 ; and elsewhere. With ace. and inf., Tac. A. 6. 28 aspici aliquando in Aegypto earn valuer em non ambigitur ; H. 4. 49 nee ambigitur provinciam et militem alienata erga Vespasianum animofuisse; so in act. Curt. 3. 3. 5 quem regnum Asiae accupaturum esse haud ambigere. 4. To feel or express a doubt, to hesitate : lustin. 29. 4. 9 cut reiprimum occurreret, ambi- gebat; Tac. A. i. 16 animas ambigentes quaenam post Augustum militiae condicio; 16. zo ambigenti Neroni quonam moda . . . no- tescerent; Cell. 14. 2. 22 in hac autem causa de qua tu ambigis. 5. With inf., of an action, to hesitate to do: Tac. A. 12. 65 ne quis ambigat . . . cuncta regno viliora habere; Amm. 15. 4. iz pra- dire in praelium ambigebant. (In Varro L. L. 6. 30 Spengel now reads aiebat; the MSS. have abigebat, except M, which has ambigebat. This can hardly be right. In Tac. A. 6. 15 ambiens is now read.) Amblgiiltas, -atis {ambiguus). 1. Doubtfulness, am- biguity: sometimes in pi. Almost always of ambiguity in ex- pression or language : Cic. Inv. i. 74 ambiguitate nominis videntur 152 Ambigiius. errare; Part. 19 ambig. verborum; Liv. 41. 18. 10 immemorem ambiguitatis verbi ; Quint. 3. 6. 46 = d/i(^t)3oXia, ambiguity of words or expression, and so very commonly in Quint. ; Sen. Epist. 9. 2 in ambiguitatem incidendum est si . . .; Sen. Epist. 108. 12 relictis ambiguitatibus et syllogismis et cavillaiionibus et ceteris acuminis inriti ludicris', Quint, i. 10. 5 exquisitas ambiguitates. 2. Uncertainty, doubt : Vulg. i Reg. 9. 6 omne quod loquitur sine ambiguitate venit. Ambiguus, -a, -um (ambigo) : 1. Of things or persons about which there is doubt, dispute, or discussion ; doubtful, uncertain, open to question ; common especially of words or ex- pressions = the Greek aii^i^oKos (so Paul. p. 1 7 M), and so almost a 1. 1. in Rhetoric and Logic, ambiguous. Adv. ambigue Plaut. Pseud. 759 R quicquid incerti mihi in animo prius aut ambiguom fuit (whatever I had been doubtful about) ; Ter. Hec. dififuerat ambiguom hoc mihi; Cic. Fin. i. 2a ambigua distinguere ; Orat. 115, N. D. I. 86, De Or. 2. no, Caec. 81 ambigue dicer e, loqui, scri- bere, verbum ponere ; Div. 2. 115 oracula . . . ambigua; Verg. A. 2. 99 voces ambiguas; 3. \%o prolem ambiguam; Hor. i. C. 7. 29 ambiguam tellure nova Salamina futuram (that Salamis would be a matter for doubt or discussion, there being two places of the name) ; Ov. M. 7. 821, 9. 588 voces, dicta; 8. 163 (Maeandrus) ambiguo lapsu refluitque fluiique (doubtful in which direction) ; i. 765 ambi- guum Clymene precibus Phaethontis an ira Mota magis . . . (it was uncertain whether) ; in Quint, very common of ambiguous language and expression, and so Tac, who uses it A. 13. 3 in this sense of a person : Tiberius . . . validus sensibus aut consulto ambiguus (using ambiguous language); A. 2. 24 ambiguas hominum ac beluarum for mas (mixed forms of man and beast); 11. 8 discordare Parthos summaque imperii ambigua (the chief authority was disputed) ; and so often elsewhere in Latin. 2. Of occurrences, events, circum- stances, which are looked forward to : doubtful, uncertain : Tac. H. 3. 20 neque enim ambigua esse quae occurrant, noctem et ignotae situm urbis (there was no doubt what they had to meet); Tac. A. 2. 21, 46 ; H. 4. 14, 66; A. 12. 40 {ambigue certavere : neque ambiguo magis eventu: ambiguam /ortunam : ambigue pugnabatur : ambiguum proelii initium). 3. Applied to a person : Tac. A. 2. 88 (Arminius) proeliis ambiguus, bello haud victus (i. e. sometimes conquering, sometimes conquered, in battle). 4. Of a past fact, doubtful, disputed: Tac. A. 3. 19 adeo maxima quaeque ambigua sunt; 4. 65 cetera non ambigua sunt; and elsewhere; applied to a person, A. 13. 44 haud ambiguus per cussor (there was no doubt about who was the Ambigvius. 153 murderer). 5. Of thoughts, feelings, and the like : doubtful, hesitating : Verg. A. 8. 580 dum curae ambiguae, dum spes incerta futurHi. e. while there is still room for doubt in my thoughts) ; Tac. A. 14. 59 taedio ambiguae spei; H. 2. 45 hand ambigua Othoniani exercitus voluntate; 3. 12 ambiguos militum animos. 6. Of persons, doubtful, hesitating: Verg. A. 5. 655 atmatres . . . ambiguae spectare rates \ Tac. often ; A. 2. 67 quamvis ambiguum et scelera sua repuiantem ; H. 2. 39 iribuni ceniurionesque ambigui; followed by interrogative clause, A. 6. i ambiguus an urbem intraret; 11. 10 quis; 15. 38 quid. Followed by gen. of the word denoting the subject about which the doubt is felt : Tac. A. i . 7 Tiberius cuncta per consules incipiebat, iamquam vetere re publica et ambiguus impe- ra«(/z' (doubtful about his power) ; H. 2. 83 ambiguus consilii; so 4. 21 ; H. 3. ^■^futuri ambiguus. 1. In passive sense, untrust- worthy, doubtful, treacherous, uncertain: Verg. A. i. 661 quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque bilingues ; Ov. M. 15. 333 {Jbns^ ambiguis suspectus aquis ; Her. 10. 62 per ambiguas puppis itura vias ; Tac. H. 3. 60 Antonius docuit esse adhuc Vitellio vires ambiguas (uncertain, untrustworthy) si deliberarent, acres, si desper assent ; Liv. 6. 2.3 ambigua fide; Tac. A. 13. 34 ambigua fide; H. 4. 19 animus auxiliorum; A. 2. 56 ambigua gens ea antiquitus; 14. 38 quod . . . nationum ambiguum aut adversum fuit; Plin. Epist. 4. 2. i picer acris ingenii sed ambigui. 8. In a moral sense, dubious, doubt- ful : T&c. K. I'i- 12 per luxum et ambigua secreta. 9. Of fortune, adverse, as opp. to prosperus, secundus and the like : Tac. A. i. 64 secundarum ambiguarumque rerum ; 6. 2 1 ambiguum sibi ac prope ultimum discrimen instare; 12. 33 quern multa ambigua, multa prospera extulerant; H. 2. 7 ambiguae domi res. 10. In Verg. A. 5. 325-6 spatia et si plura super sint, Transeat elapsus prior, ambiguumque relinquat, the MS. reading is no doubt avibiguumque, not ambiguumve. Both Servius and Ti. Donatus took ambiguum as masc, Serv. explaining it as = minus firmum ad celeritatem (uncertain in speed), Donatus as = incertum de spe victoriae. Conington trans- lates ' would leave behind him who is now doubtful ' ; Henry as ' hesitating between two things, whether to give up without more ado, or strive to overtake his competitor.' 11. Neut. ambiguum, as subst., an ambiguous word or expression, = Greek dn] funerum nulla ambitio; Cypr. Ad Donat. 2 ambitione volubili opulenta facundia iactetur (does this mean affectation, or compass of words, circumlocution ?). 11. Entreaty {ambio in the sense of supplicating) : often in Paulinus of Petricordia. Ambitio = napoifiia : Gloss. Gr. Lat. quoted by Ronsch S. B. p. 7 ; probably for ambagio or ambigio ; see adagio. Ambitiosus, adj. from ambitio; adv. ambitiose. 1. Prdp. = surrounding, so clinging: Hor. i. C. 36. 20 lascivis hederis ambitiosior. 2. Winding, circuitous: Plin. 5. 71 amnis . . . quatenus locorum situs patitur ambitiosus. 3. Spacious: Amm. 17. 4. 12 intra ambitiosi lempli delubra; 22. 4. 5 ambitiosa orna- tarum domorum exquisita sunt spatia. 4. Met., of things put on (as it were) and worn on the outside : showy, pretentious, fussy, affected, over-demonstrative : of actions done or expressions 158 Ambitiosus. used with a view to producing an effect: Cic. Fam. 6. 12. i am- bitiosa rogatio (made for the sake of display, and so opposed to necessaria) ; Fam. 10. 25. 2 ambiiiosa festinatio (fussy); Att. i. 18. i ambitiosae et fucosae amicitiae (showy) ; Fam. 6. 6. 8 (Caesar) cedit multorum iustis precibus et officio incensis, non inanibus aut ambitiosis, voluntatibus (affected, pretended) ; Hor. A. P. 447 ambiiiosa recidet Ornamenta (showy, pretentious) ; lustin. 30. 2. 2 ambitiosae pulchri- tudinis scortum (pretentious beauty) ; Quint. 6. prooem. 7 non sum ambitiosus in malis (I have no desire to make a show) ; Petron. 1 7 ubi tarn ambitiosus detumuit imber; Tac. H. 2. 49 ambitiosis id pre- cibus petier at, ne caput amputaretur ludibrio futurum (demonstrative, loudly-expressed ; but Gerber and Greef take it here as = am- bitious) ; Agr. 42 ambiiiosa morte inclaruerunt (affected, preten- tious); 29 quern casum neque ut pier ique for tium virorum ambitiose (with affected Stoicism) neque . . . muliebriter tulit. 5. Anxious to obtain favour or popularity: Cic. Cluent. 108 qui absohit, am- bitiosus existimatur ; Verr. 3. 195 ambitiosi homines aut benigni ; Muren. 20 quihus L. Lucullus tantum laudis impertivit quantum neque ambitiosus imperator, etc. ; Flacc. 42 ita ambitiosus ut omnes . . . cotidie persalutet; Q. F. i. 2. 4 ne forte me in Graecos tarn ambitiosum factum esse mirere; Fam. 3. 7. 4 multo ambitio- sius facer e soleam qtiam honos meus et dignitas postulat; Sail. I. 64. 5 neque facto neque dicto abstinere quod modo ambitiosum foret; Cic. Att. 15. i b. 2 «/ earn nee ambitiose corrigerem (without flattery) ; Ov. Am. 2. 4. 48 noster in hos omnes ambitiosus amor (anxious to win or please them); M. 8. 277 superos pervenit ad omnes Ambitiosus honor ; Asconius in Cornel. Argum. p. 58 Orelli, quae res cunctam gratiam ambitiosis praetoribus . . . sustulit ; Tac. H. I. 12 ambitiosis rumoribus; 83 ambitioso imperio; 2. ^'^ foedum mancipium et malis artibus ambitiosum; 92 abditis pecuniis per occultos aut ambitiosos sinus (i. e. conciliandae sibi gratiae causa) ; so Suet. Aug. 42 salubrem magis quam ambitiosum principem ; Dom. 8 ambitiosas centumvirorum sententias rescidit. 6. Of a person making a request or suit, urgent, eager: Ov. Pont. 3. I. 84 pro nostris ut sis ambiiiosa malis; so M. 13. 289; Quint. 6. 3. 38 provinciam ambitiosissime petierat; Petron. 6g ambitio- sissime a nobis petierat (Trimalchio) ut . . . comessemus. 7. Ambitious (usually, but not always, in a bad sense), desirous of honour or distinction: Corn. Her. 4. 65; Cic. Inv. i. 91; Corn. Her. 2. 5 ambitiosum, si honoris causa fecisse ostendei; Ov. Am. I. I. 14 cur opus adfectas, ambitiose, novum} Fast. 5. 298 Ambitor — Ambitfiis. 159 iemplis gaudemtis et arts, Turbaque caelestes amhitiosa sumus ; Trist. I. 8. 18 noia quidem, sed non ambitiosa domus (so Mart. 12. 68. 2 atria, sisaptas, ambitiosa colas) ; so often in Tac, e. g. A. 4. 37 ambiiiosum, superbum (a mark of ambition and haughtiness) ; Agr. 30 si pauper {kosiis) ambitiosus. With gen., ambitious of: Lucan 4. 376 quaesitorum pelago terraque ciborum Ambitiosa /antes. With in and ace, Sen. Tranq. i. 14 ambitiosus in verba (ambitious of effect in language). 8. Met., ambitious, affected: Quint, i. 2. 27 (of a teacher) ambitiosis utilia praeferre ; i. 4. 22 (also of a teacher) ambitiosa festinatio ; so 8. 3. 25 'antegerio' nemo nisi ambitiosus utetur; II. I. 50 ambitiosus institor eloquentiae. (Gellius 9. 12. i says am- bitiosus can mean et qui ambit et qui ambitur, but no real instance of the passive use seems yet to have been discovered.) AmbitSr (amtaio). 1. One who goes about asking for votes or support: Serv. A. 4. 283 ambitores etiam dicuntur qui ut honores consequentes discurrendo et rogando suffragia adquirunt; Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 28. ^patronis aucioribus damnatus ambitor est. 2. In a general sense, one who desires a thing, with gen. : Paulin. Nol. Epist. 13. 16 aeternae laudis ambitor; and elsewhere in later Latin. Ambitus, -us (ambio) ; a bastard form ambitum, -i in Tert. Apol. 26 ; C. I. L. 6. 2345 (Rome). 1. A going round, circuitous course, circular movement : Cic. N. D. 2. 49 ambitus rotundi stellarum; Tim. 8 rolundi ambitus; so Hor. A. P. 17 aquae per amoenos ambitus agros; Quint, i. 10. 40 historici, qui magnitudinem insularum satis significari navigationis ambiiu crediderunt (by the time it takes to sail round them); 11. 2. 21 in urbium ambitu (while walking round a town); Plin. 2. 86 quoniam tanto brem'ore quam sol (luna) ambitu currit. Of time : Tac. A. 6. 28 post longum saeculorum ambitum. 2. An embrace : Petron. 132. 3. Circumference, circuit: especially in law, of the space left between two houses so as to make room for going round : Legg. XII. Interpr. ap. Varro L. L. 5. 22 ambitum parietis circuitum esse' describunt; Cic. Top. 24 Scaevola id solum esse ambitus aedis dixerit, quod parietis communis tegendi causa extra tectum proiceretur ; Varro 1. c. ambitus est quod circumeundo teritur; Paul. p. 16 M 'ambitus' pro- prie dicitur inter vicinorum aedificia locus duorum pedum etsemipedis ad circumeundi facultatem relictus ; Vitruv. i. i. 10 iura . . . quae ne- cessaria sunt aedificiis communibus parietum ad ambitum stillicidiorum et cloacarum ; of a sepulchre : Dig.47.12.5; C. I. L. 6. 1191 /^m/rz' (Rome, 400 A. D.); monumentiih. 1904, 2345. 4. Generally, = circumference: Tac. G. 37 castra ac spatia, quorum ambitu nunc i6o Ambittls. quoque metiaris molem mamisque gentis, so elsewhere in Tac. ; Amm. 17. 12. II j«... cum f err arum suarum ambitu, and elsewhere in Amm. Border, edge: Tac. A. 12. 56 cincto ratibus ambitu {lacus) ; 14. ■^^extremum ambitum campi. 5. Met., of writing or speak- ing, a period: Cic. Brut. 162 ambiitis ilk verborum, si sic nepioSov appellari placet; Orat. 168 perfecto completoque ambitu verborum; Quint. 9. 4. 22, 124; Petron. 118; Suet. Tib. 71 per ambitum verborum rem enuntiandam (by several words instead of one) ; Fronto ad M. Antoninum De Orat. p. 1 6 1 Naber, ambitus isti et circumitiones. 6. Met., like ambitio, display, ostentation : Tac. Agr. 1% per ostenta- tionem et officiorum ambitum; H. 2. 92 ambitu, comitatu, et immensis salutantium agminibus; Serv.A. 10. 213 apud maiores bella non ambitu sed virtute constabant. 7. Met., in public life, unlawful means taken to secure election to office, especially of bribery and treating. In this sense only in the speeches of Cic, where it occurs passim : leges ambitus, infinito ambitu manus commaculare, etc., etc., so Caes. C. 3. i; Sail. Cat. 18. 2 ; Liv. 7. 15. 2, and constantly in all Latin; Tac. H. I. 17 largitione vel ambitu; 2. 93. al., A. 4. 2 nee senatorio ambitu abstinebat clientes suos . . . ornandi (corruption of the senate, which consisted in — ); but A. 13. 29 ambitu suffragiorum = \hQ corrupt obtaining of, or canvassing for, votes. 8. = ambitio, canvassing, electioneering excitement: Tac. A. i. 15 sine repulsa et ambitu; %T.ne ambitu comitia turbarent ; 14. 28 quoniam (comitid) acriore ambitu exarserant; 15. 20 candidatorum ambitus lulias leges pepererunt; D. 37 de ambitu comitiorum. 9. Of base and un- worthy arts in general, undue or corrupt influence, and the like : Tac. A. I. 2, 7 uxorium ambitum; vi, ambitu, postremo pecunia; 75 ambitum et potentium preces; 2. 34 ambitum fori, corrupta iudicia. 10. = ambitio, ambition: Tac. A. 12. i nee minore ambitu feminae exarserant. 11. Ambitiousness, in the sense of false affectation or display: Quint. 4. i. 18 ambitus faciendi iniuste (the affectation of acting); 12. 10. •>, propria quodam intellegendi iZOTiJiVM (affectation of connoisseurship). 12. Attention, homage : Tac. H. 2. 64 nee ullis postea fortunae inlecebris aut ambitu civitatis in gaudium evicta. 13. Of intercession or pleading, or interest excited, on behalf of a person: Tac. H. i. 20 novum officii genus et ambitu ac numero onerosum (i. e. through the amount of applications or requests it would bring with it); A. 12. 59 quod patres odio de- latoris contra ambitum Agrippinae pervicere (intercession); 13. 52 senecta, quam ultra vitam eorum produxit, quorum ambitu evaserat; 16.4 nihil ambitu nee potestate senatus opus esse die titans. In Tac. Ambivareti — Ambtilabilis. 1 6i H. I. 19 ambitu remanendi aut eundi ut qwmque meim ml spes impulerat, it is difficult to see how the word should be explained ; whether as 'capricious desire' or 'affectation,' or as = 'there being plenty of unfair influence or favour to secure their going.' Ambivareti (not Amtaluareti), name of a tribe of Gauls, allies of the Aedui: Caes. G. 7. 75. Ambivius, -i, nom. m. : Lucil. Inc. 65 quid tibi ego ambages, Ambivi, scribere conerl Cic. Cluent. 163; C. I. L. 6. 200. i. lo (Rome, 70 A. D.); ib. 2284, and elsewhere. Ambix, -igis, ace. pi. amhigas (Greek a^i/S^^, -iKoy), a little cone- shaped bottle: Gael. Aurel. Chron. 4. 7. 94; Apic. 6. 236 ambicas (conj. Schuch for abias of MSS.). Amblaslus, nom. m.: C. I. L. 6. 1057. iii. 75; 1058. iii. 10 (both Rome, 210 a. d.). Ambligouius {ajL^Xvyavios), obtuse-angled : ambligomum, an obtuse-angled figure, Grom. Lat. p. 291 Lachm. Ambrones, name of a tribe of Gauls r Liv. Epit. 6i ex Teutonis et Ambronibus \ Paul. p. 17 M Ambrones fuerunt gens quaedam Gallica, quisubita inundatione maris cum amisissent sedes suas, rapinis et praedationibus se suosque alere coeperunt. Eos et Cimbros Teutonosr que C. Marius delevit. Ex quo tractum est ut turpis vitae homines ambrones dicerentur; Placidus p. 12 D ' Ambronem,' perditae improii- taiis, a genie Gallorum, qui cum Cimbris Teutonisque grassantes periere. It would appear from these passages that the word must have been used as a term of reproach, perhaps by the satirists or comedians. Ambrdsia, -ae (d^iSpoirm). l. The fabled food of the gods: Varro ic^p'mXavs 2. i; Catull. 99. 2 dulci dulcius ambrosia; Cic. Tusc. I. 65 al. ; Ov. Pont. 1. 10. 11 ; M. 2. 120 amhrasiae suco saturi (as though it were a plant) ; 4. 2 1 5 ambrosiam pro gr amine habent\pi the horses of the Sun); 14. 606. 2. A fragrant essence conferring beauty: Verg. G. 4. 415 liquidum ambrosiae dif- fundit odorem. 3. Name of a miraculous healing plant: Verg. A. 12. 419 salubris Ambrosiae sucos et odariferam panaceam. 4. Name of an antidote to poison, discovered by Zopyrus : Gels. 5. 23. 2. 5. Name of a kind of vine: Plin. 14. 40; of a plant also called botrys, described by Plin. 25. 74; of the aizoon Plin. 25. i6o; of the artemisia Plin. 27. 28, 55; Plin. 27. 28 says 'aw^rwza' vagi nominis et circa alias herbas fiuctuati. AmbulabiUs (ambulo), capable of walking : Boeth. Cic. Top. p. 332 Orelli. 1 6a Ambiilativris — Ambulo. AmbTilativus, adj. (ambulo), pertaining to walking; neut. amhulativum (or fern, amhulativa ?), in pi. subst. = a procession : C. I. L. 3. 3438 (Aquincum in Upper Pannonia) in ambulativis. AmbulatSr, -oris (ambiilo), a lounger : Cato R. R. 5. 2 ; Mart. I. 41. 3 trans tiberinus ambulator. Amtaulatorlus, -a, -um, (ambulator). 1. Movable: Script. Bell. Alex. 2 (turres) ambulatorias ; so Vitruv. 10. 19. 3; Plin. 21. 80 operculum ambulatorium ; Veget. Mil. several times has ambulatoriae turres. 2. Suitable for walking in : Dig. 8. 5. 8 ambulatoria porticus. 3. Met., movable, opp. to staiivus : Tert. Nat. I. 16 sive stativo sive ambulatorio titulo. 4. Met., of a case at law, that passes from one court to another : Cod. lust. 6. 2. 22 praef. ambulatoria causa. 5. Met., susceptible or capable of change : Dig. 34. 4. 4 ambulatoria est voluntas (de/unctt) ad vitae supremum exitum. 6. Met., in law, allowing a transfer- ence from one person to another: Dig. 23. 5. 10 erit potestas legis ambulatoria ; 40. 7. 34 ambulatoriam, ut ita dixerim, condicionem. Ambiilo, -as. 1. To walk about, go about, walk: pass. used impersonally by Cic. Legg. 2. i satis iam ambulatum est; Varro L. L. 6. i sedatur, ambulatur, and elsewhere ; Plant. Mil. 251 Rib. abiit ambulatum (has gone a walk); Plaut. As. 427 R cum fusti est ambulandum ; Capt. 12 F jz' non ubi sedeas locus est, est ubi ambules ; Ter. Hec. 815 cursando atque ambulando totum hunc contrivi diem; so Hec. 435, Ad. 713 ; C. I. L. i. 1431 cum diu ambulareis, tamen hue veniendum est tibi; Cic. Flacc. 41 am- bulat cum lorica; Verr. 5. 173 sic . . . ambulare ; Tull. 19 cum ambularet in agro; and so elsewhere in Cic; Hor. i. S. 2. 25 tunicis demissis ambulat; so i. S. 4. 66; Vitruv. 2. i. 2 ut non proni sed erecti ambularent; Quint. 8. 5. 15 cum loricatus in for ambularet; 11. 3. 44 standi, ambulandi . . . vices ; Tac. A. I. 13 ambulantisque Tiberii genua advolveretur, and so often else- where in Latin. With cogn. ace. : Ov. F. 1. 122 perpetuas ambulat ilia vias ; in Cic. Fin. 2. 112 it is doubtful whether maria or mari ambulavisset is the right reading. 2. To lounge, walk idly about, strut about: Cato Orat. 10. 5 tu otiosus ambulas; R. R. 5. 5 minus libebit ambulare; Scipio Africanus mi. (Meyer xv. 4) qui barba . . . vulsa ambulet; Varro R. R. i. 16. 4 ne ambulat feriata ; Hor. Epod. 4. 5 licet superbus ambules pecunia. 3. To walk, as distinguished from running or leaping : with ace. of distance ; the passive can also be used of the distance ; act. am- Amburo. 163 lulare milk pas suum, pass, mtlle passuum ambulalur : Cic. Quinct. 78 septingenta milia passuum ambulare; Quint. 6. 3. 77 se iam Una milia passuum ambulare; Plin. 10. in ambulant aliae (fives') . . .■ saliuni aliae . . . currunt (aliae) ; 23. 26 si statim bina stadia ambw lentur. 4. To go, move, in general ; esp. in colloquial Latin, in imper. : Plaut. Trin. 11 08 cito ambula, actutum redi; Pseud. 263b R ambula tu (go on!); Ter. Heaut. 380 ambulai (walk!); Ph. 936 in ius ambula. Bene ambula= good hye,bon voyage] Plaut- Cas. 3. I. 12; Most. 840 L; Capt. 452 R bene ambulato, and else- where in Plaut. 5. Of inanimate objects, to move. Of a ship: Cato R. R, i. 3 ubi naves ambulant. Of a wheel: Vitruv. 9. 4. 16 etiamsi aeque celeriter ambulet. Of a river : Plin. 5. 51 Nilus' . . . ut per deserta et ardentia et immenso longitudinis spatio ambulans. Of light in a gem: Plin. 37. 131 hanc (lucerri) transfundit cum in- clinatione velut intus ambulantem. 6. Met., in Law. (a) Of a provision passing from one law to another : Plin. 10.139 i''*"^ deinde caput translatum per omnes leges ambulavit. (b) Of a bargain or agreement which is transferable from one person to another : Dig, 7. I. 25. 2 ambulabit stipulatio, profectaque ad heredem redibit ad fructuarium ; 4. 4. 15 per plures quoque personas si empiio ambula- verit. (c) Of a right: Dig. 37. 11. 2. 9 ambulabit cum dominie bonorum possessio. (d) Of an obligation: Dig, 4, 5, 7. I.- 7. Met., to walk, i, e. to live, behave, constantly in Vulg. : e. g. Psalm riS. I qui ambulant in lege Domini. Amburo, -is, -ere, (am-buro) sup. ambHstum; the perf ap- parently does not occur. 1. To burn around, hence tO' burn superficially or singe, but sometimes also in the general sense of to' biun: Plaut. Epid. 674 R quaqua tangit, omne amburit; Mil. 33, Rib, L amburebat gutturem ; Most. 947 L amburet corculum carbunculus',, Ace. 439 hice torris quern amburi vides ; C. I. L. i. 1009 (Cicerc nian or early Augustan age) ambusto corpore (of a corpse) ;. Cic, Mil. 86 a/ . . . ambureretur abiectus;,Yeri. 1. 70 hie sociorum am- bustus incendio, tamen ex ilia flamma periculoque evolavit ; Dom, 113 qui . . . ambustas fortunarum mearum reliquias suas domos com- portari iuberent; Sest. 143 cuius (Her cutis) corpore ambusto', and elsewhere in Cic; Sail. H. 2. 21 parietes templorum ambusti; 4. 43; (faces) ambustas . . . reliquerant ; Verg. A. 12. 301 barba; 298' torrem; Hor. i. S. 10. 64 libris Ambustum propriis ; Ov. M. 2. 2091 ambustaque nubila fumant ; 9. 174 ambustique sonant nervi; Sen. Agam. 561 ambustus extat, and in Plin., Tac, and later authors, e.g. Suet. Claud. 21 Pompeiani theatri, quod ambustum restitueral. M 2 i<54 Ambustulatus — Ames. 2. Of the effects of cold (comp. the use of uro) : Val. Fl. 4. 70 ambusta pruinis Lumina; Tac. A. 13. 35 ambusti multorum artus vifrigoris. 3, Met., Liv. 22. 35. 3 damnatione collegae et sua prope amhustus evaserat (not unscathed), so Val. Max. 8. i. i has a section on ambusti, i. e. qui in discrimen eapilis adducti neque damnati neque absoluti sunt. Neut. of pass. part, amhustus, am- bustum, -z', used as subst., a singe, burn: Plin. 24. 51 recentis am- busti; 21. ^2 pusulas ambusti modo/acit; 35.190 ambustis prodest, and elsewhere in Plin. Ambustiilatiis, pass. part, from a lost verb amhustulare, formed from dim. of amhustus, amhustulus, singed, scorched : Plant. Rud. 770 R in ignem coniciam, Teque amhustulatum magnis obiciam avibus pabulum. (CatuU. 36. 8 has usiulare, and Cic.Mil. 33 semustulatus) Ameana (possibly for Ameiana), name of a woman : CatuU. 4 1 . i . Ameia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 4. 2345 (Pompeii). Amellus, nom. m. : C. I. L. i. 74 ; Amelia, cogn. m. : I. R. N. 6769. ii. (now at Naples); C. I. L. 6. 200. ii. 28 (Rome, 70 a.d.). Amende, -as, form of amando in Aram. 18. 6. 18. Amentatio, better ammeutatio (ammentd), a hurling or slinging ; so concr., a missile : Tert. Nat. i. 10 init. machaeris vcsiris ammentationihusque. Amentinus pagus, C. I. L. 6. 251 (Rome, 27 a.d.). Amento, -as, better ammento. 1. To furnish with a strap or thong (ammentum): Cic. De Or. i. 242 audorem aliquem in- venire, a quo cum ammentatas hastas acceperit (spears fitted with an ammentum, and therefore ready for use); Brut. 271 ut hastae velitihus ammentatae, sic apta quaedam et parata singulis causarum generibus argumenta traduntur. 2. To hurl, fling: Lucan 6. 221 cum iaculum parva Libys ammentavit habena; Sil. 14. 422 ammentante Nolo (whirling them along). 3. Met., to sling, hurl, launch forth, of an argument: Tert. Marc. 4. 33 ammentavit hanc sententiam. Amentum, see Admentum. AmeriSla, apparently dim. of Ameria, name of a town of the Prisci Latini: Liv. i. 38. 4; Plin. 3. 68. Ames, -itis, m., a straight pole, or rod. 1. For stretching nets upon : Paul. p. 2 1 M ' amites ' perticae aucupales ; Hor. Epod. 2. 33 aut amite levi rara tendit retia \ Pallad. 10. 12. 2. For carrying a litter : Pallad. 7.2.3 amites basternarum. 3. For Amethystus — Amicitia. 165 barring an enclosui-e; Col. 9. i. 3 per transversa laierum cava irammittuHitir amiles, qui exUns ferarum obserent ; Itala Exod, 30. 4 (see Ronsch I. u. V. p. 92), (From am-, to take : comp. a/i-ij.) Amethystus, -i, subst. f. (Greek afiedvaros). 1. A violet- coloured precious stone, the amethyst : described at length Plin. 37. 121 foil. ; Ov. A. A. 3. iS I purpureas amethysios; Plin. 37. 80 amethysti Jitlgem purpura ; ib. 93 qttorum extremus igniculus in amethysti violarn exeat ; Plin. 37. 121 foil, gives various explanations of the name : causam nominis adferunt quod usque ad vini colorem atcedens pritts quam eum degustet in viola desinat fulgor : alii quia sit quiddam in purpura ilia non ex toio igneum, sed in vini colorem dificiens ■ . .; 124 magorum vanitas ebrietati eas resistere promittit ■et inde appellatas. 2. A kind of vine, the grape of which did not intoxicate; Celsus ap. Col. 3. 2. 24 inerticula . . . nigra, quam Graeci amethyston vocant. Ametlns, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1063. ii. 8 (Rome, 212 a.d.). Amfariam, on both sides: Gloss. Epin. i. F. 35 'am/ariam' pro ambabus partibus. Am.fragosus : amfr. locus is glossed as = qui ex muliis par' tibus perambulari potest; Glossae Nominum p. 12 Lowe; Gloss. Cyrill. fffptoScuo-i/ioy TOTTos, amfragosus, am/ractus, ambago. Ami {afu, not ammi), Subst. indecl., a plant resembling cumin : Plin. 20. 163, 264; Scribon. Larg. 121. Amicio, conjugated generally as of the fourth conj. The fol- lowing forms are also found; perf. amicui Brutus ap. Diom. p. 367 K; amixi, Varro Kwopprirap, ib. ; perf. inf. amicisse, Fronto Fer. Als. p. 228 Naber; supine amictum ; fut.pass. amicibor Plaut. Pers. 307 R, but amicietur Vulg. ler. 43. 12. The word can hardly be a regular compound of am and iacio, as is usually as- sumed, or the perf. and sup. would be amieci, amiectum, while the first syllable would probably be long. It is more probably formed from a lost word am-ex or am-ix, am-ic-is, analogous to ob-ex, ob-ic-is, though the length of the first syllable of this word prevents the parallel being complete. The syllable ic- may be a shorter form of iac-, but am-ic-io will not be analogous to ab-ic-io. Amicitia, as quasi-technical term of international law, friend- ship between the populus Romanus and other communities or nations: Lex. Rep. C. L L. i. 198. i in amicitia populi Romani; 1 6(5 Amicosus — Amigro. Lex. Agr. ib. 200. 75 {in) ameicitvam populi Romani manserunt ; 80 in amicitiam populi Romani manserant ; so often in Caes., Cic, Sail., and the historians generally, and in legal Latin. Amicosus, adj. from arnica, having many mistresses : Diom. p. 326 K amicosus, iroKvepa/ievos. Jjiiietiis, -us (amicio). 1. Covering: Varro L. L. 5. 131 amictui quae sunt; Cic. Tusc. 5. 90 mihi amictui est Scythicum legmen; Prop. 3. 15. 3 ut mihi praetextae pudor est velatus amictu. ■2. Manner, style of dressing : Titin. ii'j itum, gestum, amictum qui videhant eius ; Cic. De Orat. 2. 91 imitari alicuius amictum aut statum aut motum ; Cluent. in facite enim ut . . . voltum atque amictum atque etiam illam . . . purpuram recordemini; Tac. A. 2. 59 pari cum Graecis amictu; 14. 21 Graeci amictus . . . tum exoleverunt. ;3. The manner of putting on the toga: Quint. 11. 3. 141 amictus fiet angustus; 143 hoc amictus genus. 4. Concr., a garment, dress, vesture, covering: Cic. Att. 6. i. 17 amictus, anulus, imago ipsa; Verg. often, e.g. A. 6. 301 sordidus ex umeris node dependet amictus; Ov. M. 14. 262 pallamque induta niientem Insupef aurato .circumvelatur amictu, and elsewhere in Ov.; in pi., Ov. M. 4. 104 ore fruentato tenues laniavit amictus; Tac. G. t^ feminae saepius lineis amictihus velantur, and so elsewhere in Latin. 5 Met., sur- rounding, covering, envelopment: Lucr. 6. 1134 caeli mutemus amictum ; Verg. A. i . 412 et multo nebulae circum deafudit amictu ; Sil. 12. 613 terras caeco nox condit amictu; Stat. Theb. i. 631 felsa Cyclopum Tecta superiecto nehularum incendit amictu. 6. Of weeds covering the ground: Col. 10. 70 iam virides lacerate fomas, iam scindite amictus. 7. Proverb, quem mater amictum dedit, sollicite custodientium = not giving up early habits : Quint. 5. 14. 31 (translating from the Greek). Amiciilo, -as, verb der. from amiculum, to cover shghtly : Solin. 52. 19. Amicus, in the language of court etiquette, one belonging to the retinue or surrounding of a man in high place: Caes. C. 3. 104, 108 amici regis ; Nep. Milt. 3. 2 of Darius ; amicus Augusti is thus a regular title, e. g. C. I. L. 3. 199 (Syria) ; 781. 27 (Tyra in Lower Moesia); 5. 5811 (Milan); 7165 (Piedmont); Ts.c. A..i.2>j ut quis praetorianorum militum amicorumve Caesaris occurreret; so A. i. .35) 37> 4O) 43) and often in later Latin. Amigro, -as, to go away to a place : Liv. i. 34. 7 amigrant Romam. Aminneus — Amitto. 1 6^ Aminneus, adj., Aminnean, or belonging to the Aminnei, an Italian tribe whose whereabouts is uncertain: Macrob. S. 3. 20. 7 says Aminnei fuerunt uhi nunc Fakrnum est, but others placed them in the region of the Piceni. The adj. occurs only as the epithet of a well-known wine, Aminneum vtnum : Cato R. R. 7. i Aminneum minusculum et maiusculum ; ib. 106. 2; so Varro R. R. I. 25 ; Verg. G. 2. 97 ; Plin. 14. 21 foil. ; I. R. N. 79. 29 (Petelia) ; Edict. Dioclet. C. I. L. 3. 2. 4, and elsewhere. Aminnius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2010. i. 20 (Rome). Amio, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 3. 6010. 14 (now at Munich) ; C.I.L. 7- 1337- 6 (Liverpool). Amisia, -ae, name of a river in N. Germany, the Ems ; Tac. A. I. 60 al. ; called by Mela 30 Amissis ; by Plin. 4. 100 AmiHs. Amitto, -IS, pf. amisi, sup. amissum : 2nd pers. perf. sing. amistiiox amisisH, required by the metre, Ter. Hec. 251 ; Eun. 241 ; so Umpfenbach and Wagn. 1. To send away : Plaut. Cas. 3. 3. 10 exanimatum amittat domum ; Rud. 488 R amitto domum ; Capt. 339 R; Mil. 1410 Rib. amittemus salvom; Ter. Hec. 251 ut vent, itidem incerium amisti. 2. To let go free : Plaut. Bacch. 223 R qui de amittunda Bacchide aurum hie exigit; ib. 963 Helena . . . persuasit se ut amitteret. 3. To let go, let off: Ter. Phorm. 141 nunc amitte, quaeso, hunc (let him off this time). 4. To let go, let drop, give up, dismiss : of a thing or person. (a) Plaut. Amph. 847 R amittere rem inquisitam ; Stich. 187 R non amittam quin eas (I won't let you go unless — ) ; Bacch. 11 95 R neque si hoc hodie amiseris, id post mortem eventurum esse umquam : Mil. 457 Rib. amisisti praedam manibus ; 477 amisisti a te vix vivom. 0pp. to retinere: Ter. Ph. 175 retinere an vera amittere (of a wife or mistress) ; Ph. 507 neque quo pacto a me amittam neque uti re- tineam scio ; 918-20 ab se amittere; 714 hoc argentum temere num- quam amittam ego a me; Ace. 304 age age, amolire, amitte, cave vestem attigas (let go!); Cic. N. D. 2. 124 amitterent captum ; Gael. 64 cur Licinium de manibus amiserunt} so ib. 66; Verg. A. 5. 853 clavum . . . nusquam amittebat. (b) Met., Tac. A. 13. 46 nee posse matrimonium amittere quod, etc. (e) Vitam, animam spiritum amittere, to give up life or breath, to expire: Plaut. As. 6n R amissurum vitam; Corn. Her. 4. 57 amisit vitam, at non perdidit (he has parted with his life, but not thrown it away); Cic. Rose. Am. jp per summum dedecus vitam amittere ; PhO. 9. ig cum . . . vitam amiserit in maximo rei publicae munere; Mil. 37 Ha est mul- 1 68 Amitto. catus ut vitam amiserit; Sail. C. 58. 21 cavete ne inulii am'mam amittcUis; I. 14. 21 non enim regnum, sed fugam exilium egestatem et omnes has quae mepremunt aerumnas cum anima simul amisisti ; Verg, A. II. 409 nunquam am'mam talem dextra hac . , . amities; Tac. A. 2. 71 spiritum aniea quam ultionem amissuros. 5. To lose, let slip, let go, of a thing which it is right or desirable not to let go ; literally, as of a thing or person, met., of an opportunity or the like ; Naev. Com. 6 1 qui vestram rem publitam amisisiis tarn ciio ; Plaut. Most. 424 L amisisti occasionem; Trin. 561 agrum; Pers, 403 R ego argentum, is ius iurandum amiserit; Ter. Eun. 322 qua ratione amisisti (lost sight of him, of some one following) ; Caecil. 43 rem paternam amiserant; Cato R. R. 5, 6 trimnii fructum amities; Ace. 278 multa amiiiuntur tarditieet socordia ; Ter. Eun. 606 occasionem; Lucr. I. 659 ardua dum metuunt, amitiunt vera viai; Caes. G. 3. 1 8 occasionem negotii lent gertndi non amitttndam esse; C 1. 33 ne reliquum tempus amiitat. 6. To lose, in the ordinary sense of the word : differing from per do in this, that per do means to throw away or ruin by one's own voluntary act, amitto to lose involuntarily, by mistake or accident. Very common in all Latin, and applied to persons and things of all kinds. (a) Plaut., Ter. Ad. 913 sumptu amiitet multa (lose, i.e. have to pay); Ph. 6'j2 me hoc est aequom amitiere (it is right that I should bear this loss); Lucr. I. 1039 privaia cibo naiura animantum Diffluit, amittens corpus (of parts of the body lost); so 4. 541 am. de corpore partem ; Varro R. R. I. 7. 6 amitiere folia (of a tree shedding its leaves); and so Plin. has florem, semen amitiere. (b) Very common of losing goods, money and the like : also of losing influence, dignity, reputation, honour (graiiam, dignitatem, exisiimaiionem, honesiaiem) : Nep. Eum. 10. 2 ut fidem amitiere malleni quam eum non perdere ; of losing qualities {utilitaiem, viriditatem, etc.), conditions, or circumstances {^pacem, poiestatem, salutein) of one's country: Cic. Fin. 4. 22 pairiam amitiere. (c) Of persons in high office, to lose armies, provinces, towns, and the like : e. g. Cic. PHs. 96 Aetolia amissa ; Verr. Act. i. 13 classes . . . amissae ac perditae; and so constantly in Cic, and all Latin. (d) Of losing soldiers in battle : Cic. Marcell. 17 cives quos amisimus; so Caes. G. 7. 51, 8. 12, and elsewhere in Latin, as Liv. 35, 6. 9. (e) Of losing a person by death: Lex Anton. C. I. L. r. 204. ii. i leiheros servosve iello Mitridatis arruiserunt; Cic. Fam. 7. 33. 1 (of the dead) amissus; Catull. 64. 150 germanum amiikre crevi; 64. 245 amissum immiti Theseafato ; and so very commonly in all Latin. Amius — Ammonius. 1 69 AmluB, nom. m. : I. R. N. 5070 (Aesernia). Amma, cogn. f. : C. I. L. 2. 880 dat. Amme (Salmantica in Lusitania) ; so ib. 2668 (3rd cent. a.d.). Ammeieus, nom. m. : C. I. L,. 5. 398 (Re^o x), now at Vienna ; C. I. R. 491. Ammaia, name of a town in Lusitania : Atnmaiense municipium C. I. L. 2. 158 (161 A.D.). Ammaus, nom. m. : I. R. N. 5474 (Superaequum). Aniiuia, nom, f. : C. I. L. 5. 2 121 (Tarvisium) ; 2. 11 40 (ItaKca in Baetica) ; ib. 3062 (Augustan age), spelt Amia. Cogn. f.: C. I. L. 5. 6023 (Milan); I. R. N. 688 (Canusium); 3221 (Misenum) ; and not seldom in inscr. Ammius, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 2. 2675 (Legio vii), Tarraco; 3. 1359. 7; 1334. 8; 1336. 50; and elsewhere in inscr. Ainm.ianus, cogn. m. : I. R. N. 11 70 (Aeclanum); 1467 (Be- neventum); C. I. L. 6. 1058. v. 109 (Rome, 210 a.d.); ib. 1600. Ammias, cogn. f. : I. R. N. 2744 (Classis Praetoria Misenensis) ; C. I. L. 6. 1600 (Rome) ; C. I. R. 1444. Ammica, cogn. f. : C. I. L. 2. 3198 (Valeria in Tarraconensis). Ammilla, cogn. f.: C. I. R. 917. Ammimis, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 2. 146 (Ebora in Lusitania). Ammo, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 2. 2797 (Clunia in Tarraconensis); 3. 6010. 15 (now at Regensburg). Anunoniacus, adj. [Ammori), belonging to Ammon ; sal Am- moniacum, a kind of salt found in the sands of Africa: Ov. Med. Fac. 94; Cels. 6. 6. 39; Plin. 31. 79 (who describes it). Ammoniacum gummi, a gum distilled from a tree called metopon, growing in the neighbourhood of the temple of lupiter Hammon : Cels. 5. II al. ; Plin. 12. 167 al. Ammoniacum alone, and Am- moniaci gtUta, often in Scribonius Largus. Ammomanus, cogn. m. : L R. N. 2675, 2761, 2803 (all Classis Praetoria Misenensis); C. I. L. 6. 228 (Rome, 205 a.d.); spelt Amonianus C. I. L. 6. 3159 (Rome). AmmonicTis, nom. m. : C. I. L. 2. 514 (Emerita in Lusitania). Ammonius, nom. m. : Cic. Att. 15. 15. 2; L R. N. 2803 (Classis Misenensis); 2714 s^dt Hamm-; 3393 (near Naples); and elsewhere in inscr. Cogn. m.; C. I. L. 5. 1250 (Aquileia) ; and elsewhere in inscr. 1 70 Ammuneus — Amnuo. Ammuneus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 5. 6648 (shore of LakeVerbanus). Amnaeum, formerly read in Plin. 21. 176, where modern editors write amaracum. Amnego, -as, form sometimes found in Inscr. for abnego : see Lowe p. 421. Amnicdla, -ae, subst. m., a dweller in rivers : Auson. Mos. 137 (p. 124 Peiper) amnicolam delphina. AmnieSlus, -a, -um, haunting the streams: Ov. M. 10. 96 amnicolae salices. Amnis, -is, subst. m., but in old Latin fern.: Fest. p. 250 s. v. amnis Petronia says ' amnem ' autem feminine aniiqui enuntiabant. Nonius p. 191 quotes instances of the fem. use from Naevius (Tr. 44), Plant. Mercator (859 R), Accius (Trag. 297, 323), and Varro Periplus ; so Varro R. R. 3. 5. 9. See also Serv. A. 9. 124 ; Prise. I. p. 160 K. Abl. more usually amne, but amni Ace. ap. Non. p. 192 ; Cic. De Or. 3. 186; Verg. G. i. 203; 3. 447, and else- where ; also in Hor., Liv., Colum., Calpurn., and Sil. (Neue, Lat. Form. I. pp. 219-220.) 1. Originally, perhaps, = water, but usually a river ; common in all Latin from Naevius downwards : Plant. Trin. 940; Enn., Cato, Lucr., Cic, etc.; as opposed to the sea, Sen. N. Q. 4. 2. 10, 12 ; to a rivulet, Cic. Rep. 2. 34 non tenuis quidam rivulus . . . sed abundantissimus amnis illarum disci- plinarum atque artium. Of the ocean stream: Verg. G. 4. 233 (in pi.) Oceani sprelos pede reppulit amnes; TibuU. 2. 5. 60 qua flui- tantibus undis Solis anhelanles abluit amnis equos; 3. 4. 18 caeruleo amne. 2. Of water in general : Verg. A. 7. 465 furit intus aquai Fumidus atque alte spumis exuberat amnis; 12. ^i^j fusuM labris splendentibus amnem Inficit, occulte medicans. 3. Of an overflow : Pallad. 11. 14. 1% prima amne musti . . . egesto. (Perhaps connected with Greek ofi-Ppo-s, Skt. dmb-u, dmbh-as, water, and abhrd-m, storm-cloud ; comp. also Old Celt, ambe-, brook, and Old Irish abann, river. Vanicek p. 7, with others, connects it with ap-, water, another form of which base is preserved in aqua. Havet derives it from the preposition ab, ab-nis being thus an adjective) and meaning ' rushing away.' Another possibility seems to me to be that it stands for au-nis, and may thus be related to the Celtic Avona and Italian river-name Avens; Serv. A. 7. 657. Compare the two forms Samnium and Sauwrai.) Amnius, nom. m.: C. I. L. 6. 1652 (Rome, 334 a.d.). Amnuo, form of abnuo : Gloss, ap. L5we P. G. p. 421. AmoenlfSr — Amolior. 171 Amoenlfer, adj., bringing delight ! Venanti Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4.4. Amoenltas, -atis, subst. f. (amoenus). 1. Pleasantness, attractiveness, lovableness : charm, mostly used of things and places : Plant. Men. 356 R amanti amoenitas malo est; Stich. 278 R amoeni- tates omnium venerum et venustatum adfero; 1162 amoenitas formae ; Capt. 774 F ^Va hie me amoenitate amoena amoenus oneravit dies ; Cic. Prov. Cons. 2g'amoenitas eum, credo, locorum, urbium pulchritudo . . . retinet; Fam. 6. 19. i et villa et amoenitas ista hospitii est, non deversorii; ']. 1. i cum. esses in ista amoenitate paene solus relictus, and so often elsewhere in Cic. ; Nep. Att. 13 hereditas . . . cuius amoenitas silva constabat; so Liv. 7. 38. 7 (of a landscape) ilia fertilitate atque amoenitate perfrui; Tac. often, always of places, except A. 5. 2 nihil mutata amoenitate vitae; Gell. 10. 3. 5 lux ista et amoenitas orationis verborumque; 12. i. 24 amoenitates . . . et copias ubertatesque verborum ; 6. 7. i ingenii amoenitates. 2. As a term of endearment: Plant. Cas. 2. 3. 13 uxor mea, mea amoenitas; Poen. 365 R. Amolio, -is, -ire, =^ foil.: Curt. 8. 5. 17 prius ab oculis amolita natura est; Apul. de Deo Socr. 9 commixta . . . sive amolita. Amolior, -iris, verb depon. Inf. amok'rier Plant. Most. 371 L. 1. To remove, get out of the way: Plant. Pseud. 856 R nostra amoliri (hinc) omnia ; Most. 378 L; Sisenna ap. Non. p. 73 im- pedimentum; Liv. 5. 22. 3 amoliri tum deum dona ipsosque deos coepere; 25. 36. 11 amoliti obiecta onera; Lucan 5. 355 quantum For tuna . . . Amolitur onus; Plin. 11. 25 amoliuntur omnia medio; Tac. A. I. 50 obstantia silvarum; H. 3. 31 nomina atque imagines Vitellii. 2. To get out of the way, of an argument or objec- tion or statement: Quint. 9. 2. 71 amoliamur cetera, ut hoc solum super sit; 5. 13. 11 an amolienda singula, and so elsewhere. 3. With reflexive pron., amoliri se = to get oneself out of the way, take oneself off: Plant. Pseud. 557 R agite, amolimini hinc vos intra nunc iam; True. 630 R sed ego cesso hinc me amoliri; Pacuv. 16 nonne hinc vos amolimini} so 184; Ter. And. 707 proinde hinc vos amolimini) Ace. 304. 4. Of a person, to get rid of: Petron. 10 custodem molestum amoliri; Tac. A. 2. 42 iuvenem specie honoris; H. 1. 13 Octaviam uxorem; so A. 14. 59. 5. Of cir- cumstances, conditions, qualities, feelings, to remove, get rid of, put out of the way : Liv. 28. 28. 10 amolior et amoveo nomen meum ; Plin. II. 23 amoliendis periculis; Petron. 97 invidiam amolitur; Tac. H. 3. 75 am. crimen invidiamque apartibus Vitellii. 172 Amoveo — AmpMbalum. Amttveo, -es, -movi, -motum, irreg. fut amoveam Itala 2 Sam. 7. 15, ap. Augustin. C. D. 17. 8 misericordiam aukm meam non amoveam ab eo. To remove, get out of the way. 1. Of persons and things: Plaut. Trin. 799 servos ancillas amove; Ter. Hec. 694 testem hanc cum abs ie amoverts ; Titin. 45 parasiios amove; Lucr. i. 225 quaecumque veinstate amovet aeias; Cic. Att. 1. 12. 2 nebulonem ilium ex tstis locis amove; Sail. Cat. 20. i amolis arbitris ; Liv. 5. 51.9 alia . . . amovimus ab hostium octdis ; 40. 51. 3 signa amovit; Tac. often thus ; Suet, and later writers. 2. With reflexive pronoun: Ter. Ph. 566 modo te hinc amove; Liv. 3. 38. \\ se a coetu ; Sil, 17. 223 qui memet finibus umquam Amorim Ausoniae; Suet. Tit, 10 seque e m^dio quam longissime amovere. 3. To banish, remove to another place : Plaut. Epid. g4 R ui aliquo ex urbe earn amoveas; Tac. A. 4. 31 in insulam; 14. 57 in Galliam Narbonensem; i. 53 amotus Cercinam. 4. Met., to remove a person from an office or post : Cic. Har. Resp. 43 quaes- tor em a frumentaria procuratione ; Vulg. Luc. 1 6. 4 cum amotus fuero e vilicattone, and elsewhere in Vulg. 5. Met., of feelings and states or conditions : Plaut. Amph, 464 R amovi molestiam a foribus; Trin. 784 suspicionem ab adulescente; Ps. 1282 b R crapu- lum dum amoverem ; Merc. 41 R animus studio amotust puerili meus; Ps. 144 R (si I. c.) somnitm socordiamque; Asin. 254 R aps te socordiam . . . segnitiem ; Ter. And. 307 amorem ex animo amo- verts; Qio a me opinionem hanc tuam esse amotam volo; 181 amolo meiu ; Cic, Cluent. 1 59 libidinem meium invidiam, etc. . . . amovere ; Rab. Perd. 12 Porcia lex virgas ab omnium civium Romanorum corpore amovit; Hor. i. S. i. 27 amoto ludo; Liv. 5. 35. 6 am. bellum ; Tac. A. 4. 7 1 metus suos, and elsewhere in Latin. 6. To carry off, i.e. appropriate, steal: Hor. i. C. 10. 8 boves Per dolum amotas; Dig. 25. 2. 3. 3 rerum amotarum iudicio; so 42. i. 52, and elsewhere. Ampeius, nom. m. : C. LL. 3. 2400 (Salona); 3172 (Dalmatia). Ampello, cogn. f.: L R. N. 1688 (Beneventum). Ampelis, cogn. f.: C. L L. 6. 3158 (Rome) ; L R. N. 3460 (now at Naples). Ampelisca, n. p. fem.: Plaut. Rud. AmpellTun, cogn. {.: I. R. N. 931 (Luceria). Ampellus, nom. m.: Amm. 28. i. 22. Cogn. m.; I. R. N. 1846 (Beneventum, 542 a.d.) ; Ephem. Epigr. 3. p. 78. AmpMbalum, a cloak; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 2. i. 5. 7. Amplalbdlogia — Amphora. 1 73 Auiphlb516gia (apparently a bastard extension of the form amphibolid), ambiguity: Isid. Or. i. 33. 13; Ps. Acron Hor. A. P. 449. Amphicolus {a/itpixaiXos), lame on both sides, t. t. for an iambic trimeter with a spondee in the second and last foot : Plotius Sacerdos p. 523 K. Amphidanes, name of a precious stone with magnetic powers, described Plin. 37. 147. Amphidoxus or -6s {d/icjyiSo^os), 1. Of a case (in the legal sense), of doubtful character : Fortunat. ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 109, and often elsewhere in later Rhett. 2. Of doubtful meaning: Isid. Or. 2. 21. 26. Amphiuieres (d/i0i/tiepijs), t. t. of Prosody for the foot called amphimacer : Diom. p. 479 K. Amphispdrus (diKJiiawopos), sown on both sides : C. I. L. 3, 586. II per amphispora Lamiensium (Lamia in Macedonia). AmpMtaptLS (a/i^/ran-os), adj., rough on both sides ; as subst., a coverlet of this character; pi. -oe or neut. -a: Lucil. i. 2^ psilae atqtie amphtiapoe villis ingentibus molles (so L. MuUer) ; 6. ro pluma atque amphitapo ; Varro Manius 2 1 amphitapo bene molli ; Nonius p. 540 — Isid. Or. 19. 26. 5 ' amphitapa' ex utraque parte villosa tapeta; Dig. 34. 2. 23. 2. Amphdra, -ae, or amfora, subst. f., Latin form usual for the Greek djix^opivs. Gen. pi. amphorum, Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12. 15. 2 ; Charisius p. 55 K says it is doubtful whether amphorum or amphorarum is right, adding that lulius Romanus thought am- phorum right if the measure was meant, amphorarum if the word was used independently. Plin. 6. 82 has amphorum, Liv. 21. 63. 3 amphorarum in this sense; C. I. L. 6. 1771 (Rome, 363 a.d.) amforum. 1. A large cylindrical vessel with two handles, usually of earthenware, but sometimes also of glass, used for holding wine after it was strained off from the dolium, and also for oil and other liquids: Plant. Mil. 821 Rib. amphoram nardini; Cato R. R. 10. 2, 88. i ; Hor. often, and in all Latin. 2. Amphora spartea, a two-handled basket for holding grapes : Cato R. R. II. 2. 3. Amphorae were also used as coffins for the poor : Prop. 4. 5. 75 sit tumulus lenae curto vetus amphora collo. 4. And as public urinals: Titius ap. Meyer Orat. Rom. Fragm. XXV. I. 6. Amphora as a measure : Cato R. R. 57. i hemtnas 174 Anipli6r"iila — Amplexo. ternas, id est amphoram ; the amphora contained two urnae, = 6 gallons and 7 pints ; Ciq. Font. 1 9 in singulas vini amphoras ; Fest. p. 258 quadrantal, quod ex Graeco amphoram dicimus; Plin. 9. 93. 6. Amphora CapHolina, an imperial amphora, or amphora set up as a standard in the Capitol: Capitol. Maximin. 4. i. 7. As a measure of a ship's carriage, like our ton ; the amphora in this connection counted as = 80 lbs.: Lentulus ap. Cic. quoted above; Liv. 21. 63. 3 navem quae phis quam CCC amphorarum esset; comp. Plin. 6. 82. AmpMriila, dim. of amphora, the link of a chain in the shape of a little amphora: Isid. Or. 19. 31. 12. Amplus, Ampia, nomina: C. I. L. i. 521, 5. 8206 (Aquileia), and often in inscr. Ampla, a handle : Amm. 21. 2. i (of a shield) axiculis . . . in vanum excussis ampla remanserat sola ; Serv. A. 7. 796 mro rijs \a^r\iievos from dvaKX.da>, 1. 1. of Prosody, a variety of the metre ionicus a minore, in which the fourth and fifth syllables are respectively short and long instead of long and short, as Paphias amor columbas Atil. Fort. p. 290 K. Anacoenosls, -is, subst. fem. {dmKoivcoais), 1. 1. of Rhetoric, = Latin communicatio, consultation with the opposite party, Rufinian. p. 41 Halm. Anae61uth6n, subst. n. (dvaKoKovBov), t. t. of Grammar, a con- struction which does not follow rule: Serv. A. 3. 541; Plotius Sacerdos p. 457 K. AnadiplumenSn (dvalrnXovn^vov), name of a variety of the metre ionicus a minore, beginning with a cretic, as defici, neque amori dare ludum libet ultra, Atil. Fort. p. 290 K. Anaglypharius, -i, subst. m. (originally adj.), from anaglyphus. 1. a worker in relief: Schol. luv. 9. 146. 2. Met.: Ambros. de Tob. 13. 43 anaglypharii usurarum, persons who heap usury upon usury. 1 86 Anaglyplms— Analogia. Anaglyphus, adj. {dvdyKv(pos), chiselled, adorned with work in relief: Hier. in les. 15. 54. v. 11 and 12 anaglyphas portas sive crystallinas ; Schol. luv. 14. 62 {vasd) anaglypha sigillis; Isid. Or. 20. 4. 8 ' anaglypha^ quod superius sunt sculpta. Graeci enim avm sursum, y\v(f>riv autem sculpturam dicunt, id est sursum sculpta. As subst., n. pi. anaglypha, reliefs, Vulg. i (3) Reg. 6. 32 anaglypha valde prominentia. Anaglyptarms, adj., working in relief: C. I. L. 2. 2243 (Cor- duba) anaglyptarius caelaior. Anaglyptieus, adj. (ai/oyXuTTTiKo's), chiselled, worked in relief: Sidon. Ep. 9. 13. v. 50. Anaglyptus, adj. (avayKvTrros), chiselled, or worked in relief: Inscr. Orell. 3838 trulla argentea anaglypta. N. pi. anaglypta, as subst., = reliefs : Plin. 33. 139 ; Mart. 4. 39. 8 nee mensis anaglypta de paternis. Anagnorizdmene (avayvrnpiCoixevr)), the title of a comedy by luventius: Ribbeck Fragm. Com. p. 70 (ed. i ; Fest. p. 298 M) luventius in Anagnorizomene. Anagnostioum, -i, subst. n. {avayvaKn-iKov), a passage for reading, a lesson: Ennod. Ep. i. 4, 8. 5 ; and Eccl. Anagoge, subst. f {avayayij). 1. Expectoration : Gael. Aur. Tard. 2. 9. 2. In literature, = the bringing out of the deeper sense of a passage: Hieron. in les. r. i. v. 3 and 8; and else- where Eccl. AnagogicuB, adj. from foreg. : Hieron. in les. r. i. 3. Anaia, nom. f. =Annaea : I. R. N. 5387 (= C. I. L. 9. 3827'). Anaiedius, nom. m. : C. I. L. i. 183 (Marsian territory). Anailliis, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 7. 1336. 64 (near Warrington). Analemma, -atos, gen. pi. -matorum, dat. pi. -matis {dvaiKriiiiia), an instrument for showing, by means of the shadow at midday, the times at which the sun enters the different signs of the zodiac : Vitruv. 9. 4. I 'analemma' est ratio conquisita solis cursu et umbrae crescentis ad brumam observatione inventa, e qua per rationes archi- tectonicas circinique descriptiones est inventus effedus in mundo; ib. 9. 7. I ; and elsewhere in Vitruv. Analdgia, -ae, ace. -an, subst. f. {avoKoyia), similarity of relations, analogy, proportion : in pure Latin proportio (Quint. 1.6. 3) ; lulius Caesar entitled his grammatical work De Analogia ; Varro L. L. 8. 32 si esset analogia petenda supellectili, omnes lectos haberemus domi ' In the Index to vol. 9 wrongly given 3287. An^lo^cus — Anastrophe. 187 ai unam formam ; Sen. Ep. 120. 4 per analogiam . . . hoc verbum cum Latini grammatici civitate donaverint, ego non puto in civitatem suam redigendum : uiar ergo illo, etc. Especially in Grammar, the similar inflection of similar words : Varro L. L. 8. 23 verborum similium declinatio similis; ib. 10. 39 ut ' sodalis' et '■ sodalitas' ' civis ' et ' civitas ' non est idem, sed utrumque ab eodem ac con- iunctum, sic analogon et analogic idem non est, etc. ; in this sense it is common in Quint, and the later grammarians. In a scientific treatise on grammar, the chapter De Analogic would treat of regular declension and conjugation, while irregular nouns and verbs would be called anomala, dvafwXia being the opposite of avaXoyia. Analdgictis (avaKcyytKSs), adj. from foreg., belonging to or con- cerning analogy: Gell. 4. 16. 9 Caesar . . . in libris analogicis; and in later writers. Adv. analogice: Prob. Inst. p. 88 K ana- logice, non anomale declinantur. Analyticus, -a, -um, and fem. -e, adj. (araXurticos), analytical : adv. analytice, analytically, Boeth. Arist. Anal. i. 18. p. 537 foil. ; subst. fem. analytice (avaKvTtKrj), analysis in logic, Boeth. Cic. Top. 1. p. 2^6 Orelli. Anamia, nom. f. : C. I. L. i. 1347 (Etruscan). Anas, a duck : note that in Plautus Capt. 1003 R and Cic. N. D. 2. 124 the MSS. give anites, not anates as nom. pi. Anas, -atis {anus). 1. The weakness of old age in women, as senium is old age in men: Paul. p. 10. M anatem morbum anuum dicebant, id est vetularum, sicut senium morbum senum. 2. Care, anxiety: Placidus p. 10 D ' anate,' sollicitudine, cur a. Anasceua, -ae, and anascene, ace. -en (dvaa-Kevri), t. t. of Rhetoric. 1. A refutation by regular argument : Suet. Rhet. i quod thesis et anasceuas et catasceuas Graeci vocant ; Isid. Or. 2. 12. I catasceua est confirmatio propositae rei : anasceua autem contraria superiori est, revincit enim non fuisse, etc. 2. The aifectation of speaking in a lofty style of a mean subject : Plot. Sacerd. p. 455 K anasceuan {vacant) cum res humiles sublevantur tumore aliquo dictionis, Anasceuasticus {anasceua), concerned with refutation: For- tunat. I. 13 (R. L. M. p. 91 Halm). Anastasis {aviurraai.^, abl. anastasi Conxxaa^x^Vi. Instr. 2. 2. i; the resurrection of the dead: Lact. 7. 23. 2. 5. Anastrdphe {dvaarpoKpri), 1. 1. of Rhet. = Latin reversio, or in- 1 88 Anathemabilis — Ancentus. version of the ordinary arrangement of words, as mecuin, secum, for cum me, cum se: Quint. 8. 6. 65 ; and Gramm. Anathemabilis {ami/iemdre), accursed: Arnob. lun. in Ps. no. Anathematismus, -i (avaScfiana-fios), the act of making accursed, cursing: Cassiod. Hist. Trip. 2. 11. Anathematizatio {anatMmattzdre) = foreg. : Augustin. Enarr. in Ps. 41. n. 12, where MSS. give anathematio. ■ Anatdnus (avmovos), t. t. of Architecture, of capitals whose height was greater than their breadth (properly = stretched up- wards) : Vitruv. 10. 15. 5 si capitula altiora quam erit latitude facta fuerint, quae anatona dicuntur. Anavis, nom. m. : C. I. L. i. 832 { = Annavius). AnaxagSreus, of Anaxagoras, Plin. i. Ind. ad 2, c. 59, in n. pi. Anaxagorea, doctrines of Anaxagoras. Ancaedo, or aneido, -is, -6re, sup. -caesum, or -cisum : properly, to cut round (am, caedo) : Lucr. 3. 660 ancisa recenii Volnere : per- haps also in Varr. L. L. 7. 43 (ancilia dicta ah amhecisu, quod ea arma ab utraque parte, ut Thracuvi, incisa) the true reading is ancisa: Paul. p. 20 M ' ancaesa' dicta sunt ab antiquis vasa quae caelata appellamus, quod circumcaedendo talia fiant; Isid. Or. 18. 12. 3 ab omni parte ancisum et rolundum ; Serv. A. 7. 125 seems to have read ancisis dapibus for accisis ; hoc est apud nos ' am ' quod apud Graecos afij/ormido; Quint, has anceps animus, volun- tas, (b) Of persons, doubtful, hesitating: Verg. A. 5. 654 matres; Fronto Ad Verum p. 114 Naber, Clitomachus anceps in dubium vocare omnia. 6. Of things and situations, dubious, dangerous ; sometimes followed by dat. of person to whom ; so mostly, if not altogether, in writers of the first century a. d. : Cic. De Orat. 2. 125 hie locus tarn anceps; Nep. Dat. 7. 3 quin ancipitibus locis premeretur ; Liv. 21. 23. 5 revocare eos aut vi retinere anceps erat; Veil. 2. 79 dubia et inter dum ancipiti fortuna ; Plin. 7. 149 ancipites morbi corporis; 23. 20 (eavi) purgationibus ancipitem pu- tant; Tac. H. i. 5 Galbae vox pro re publica honesta, ipsi anceps; Suet. Aug. Zg ex ancipiti morbo ; Tac. is fond of the phrases in ancipiti (in a dangerous situation), in anceps, and inter ancipitia (into a dangerous situation, or between two such). Ancharenus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 3. 2709 (Delminium in Dal- matia). AncQis, circular or oblong : applied only to the sacred shields supposed to have fallen from heaven (arma ancilia): Val. Max. i. I. 9 sex lictoribus praecedentihus arma ancilia tulit; luv. 2. 126 clipeis ancilibus; calendar of Philocalus, C. I. L. i. 338 (a. d. 354) arma ancilia movent; Serv. (Dan.) A. 8. 285 arma ancilia; Charis. p. 81 arma ancilia lustrari solent. Neut. ancile as subst., heterocl. gen. pi. anciliorum, Hor. 3. C. 5. 10 ; one of the sacred shields (see Liv. i. 20. 4): Enn. A. 123; Lucil. 9. 61; Varro L. L. 7. 43 ; Verg. A. 8. 664 ; Ov. F. 3. 377 ; and in later writers. (Varro connected the word with ancldo L. L. 7. 43 ; Ov. F. 3. 377 ; but Kettner may be right in referring it to ancus, anctlis standing to ancus as servtlis, erilis to servus, erus.) Ancilius, nom. m. : I. R. N. 5379 (Corfinium). Aucillo, -as {ancilia), to make a slave of: Ps. Cypr. de Sing. Cler. 40 ancilia/ corpus. Ancisio, -oniB, subst. f. abstr. from anctdo : Isid. Or. 18. 12. 3. Ancistrum — Anciilus. 191 Ancistrum (ayfuoTpov), a little hook: Isid. Or. 4. ii. 3; Gael. Aur. Chron. 5. i. 19 (in both places of a surgical instrument). Ancites, -ibus, name of gods: Di Ancites C. I. L. 9. 3515 (Furfo, Ital. Reg. iv). Anclabris, -e, adj. from anculo, belonging to the service of the gods : Paul. p. 1 1 M anclabris mensa, anclabria vasa. Anclo, -as, apparently a miswriting of the Greek iankav, to draw off water : Paul. p. n ' anclare,' haurire, a Graeco descendit ; see Lowe P. Gl. p. 372, who quotes glosses 'anclare,' haurire, anclare, avrKr^aai, anclat, apitrai ; it would appear that the glosses have confused this word with anculare, to serve or minister (q. v.). Ancon, -onis, ace. -ona. : subst. m. {ayKotv). 1. The elbow, 'LsX. cubitum : Fortunat. Rhet. p. 123 Halm. 2. Met. (a) the projecting ornament at the top of a doorpost, also caWeiparotis: Vitruv. 4. 6. 4 ancones sive parotides vocantur. (b) The arm of a workman's square: Vitruv. 3.3. i^anconibus; 8. 6. i. (e) The knobbed bar of a hydraulic engine : Vitruv. 10. 13. i, 5. (d) A clasp or frame for holding together the parts of a building : Vitruv. 10. 21. 4. (e) A pole for stretching nets upon: Grat. Cyn. 87. (f) A rest for a shelf in a wine-shop : Augustin. Qu. in Heptateuch. 2. 109 (Paucker). (g) The arm of an arm-chair : Gael. Aur. Ghron. 2. i. 46. (h) A kind of drinking-cup : Dig. 33. 7. 13. Ancdratiis, part. pass, from a lost verb ancorare, furnished with an anchor : Vitruv. De Diversis Fabr. Archit. (p. 300 Rose and Miiller-Striibing) ancoratae catenae. Ancra, or angra, -ae (? ancrea), a narrow place or passage {anc- or ang-) : Paul. p. 1 1 M explains ancrae as = convalles vel arborum intervalla ; so Placidus pp. 7, 9 D ; Gloss. Philox. ancrae, ayKca, avKavcs; Gloss. Cyrill. aiXav, o (>(> quid illi tandem creditis fore animi} so Eun. 1015 ; Hec. 502 sin alio est animo ; Phorm. 735, and else- Animus. aoi where, nisi me animus fallit ; 774 mutet animum ; Heaut. 478 tuom animum potius proditurum te; Phorm. 465 cum istoc animo; Cic. Sest. 49 meo quidem animo. (c) Of the future, expectation or hope : Tac. Agr. 30 magnus mihi animus est . . .fore. 4. Of the feelings, as distinguished from the reason. (a) In the most general sense: Plaut. often; Ter. Heaut. 189 timet animum amicae ut sit suae (what are her feelings) ; Hec. 389 animo amico esse erga aliquem ; And. 842 animo otioso; Ph. 763 animo iniquo; Hec. Prol. 28 aequo animo attendite; And. 377 quomodo sit animus ad nuptias ; Ad. 902 et animo et natura pater ; Hec. 244 animo patrio victus ; Heaut. 637 animus maternus ; Corn. Her. 3. 24 sensus atque animos omnium personarum ; aequo animo aliquid ferre, to bear a thing calmly, is common: Cic. Att. 2. 5. 2 quo animo se destitutum ferat ; and so in all Latin. (b) Synonymous with the English word heart, the centre of feeling ; so ex an,imo = from the heart, sincerely : Plaut. Trin. 397 ex animo ; Stich. 2 a. R suo ex animo; Enn. Trag. 288 Medea, animo aegra, saevo amore saucia; Ter. Ad. ^2 ex animo facit; Eun. 175 ex animo ac vere diceres; Ad. 919 nostraefamiliae tarn ex animo factum ; Heaut. 959 tibi bene ex animo volo; old formula ap. Gell. 4. 20. 3 and else- where, ex animi tui sententia ; Cic. Fam. 4. 6. i adhibuisti dolorem animi; 9. 16. 2 ex animo vereque ; Prop. 3. 6. 35 si veris animis est questa puella. (c) Spirit, courage, ' heart ;' in pi. spirits : Plaut. Aul. 732 R animo bono es ; Mil. 1230 Rib. habe animum bonum ; Amph. 250 R nostris animus additust; Enn. A. 504 vincla suis magnis animis abrupit; Ter. And. 333 reddidisti animum; Ad. 696 bono animo es ; Hec. 347 animus mihi redit et cura ex corde excessit; Ph. 957 animo virili praesentique; ^d^ gladiator io animo; Heaut. 424 mihi addit animum ; Lucil. 27. 11 toller e, demittere ani- mos; Caes. constantly uses it thus, saying, languido animo esse, praesentia animi, magnus animus, animum augere, se animo demittere, and the like; so in Cic, Verg., Ov., and all Latin; Liv. 31. 18. 4 animos mihi facer e (high spirits); Petron. 18 bonum animum habere eam iussi. Animos tollere, of pride ; Plaut. True. 640 R animos sustulit; Ter. Hec. 507 sublati animi sunt; comp. Cici Man. 66 animos ac spiritus ; Cluent. 109 animos ac spiritus tribunicios; Liv. I. 34. 4 cum divitiae animos facerent. (d) In bad sense, bad passion, as anger and the like, both in sing, and pi. : Plaut. Mil. 567 Rib. animum vincam; so ib. 1209; True. 603 R animos violentos (passions) ; Asin. 405 R Aeacidinis minis ani- misque expletus; Ter. Hec. 608 animum fiectere; And, 641 302 Animus. animo morem gerere; Hor. i. Epist. 2. 62 animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat; Verg. A. i. 57 mollitque animos ac temper at iras; Liv. 34. 31. 2 imperare animo nequivi quin, etc. (e) In good sense, the 'heart,' the affections, feehng: Plaut. Merc. 334 R animum adicere ad aliquem ; Ter. And. 339 expleam animum gaudio; Eun. 143 ad virginem animum adicit; Hec. 294 animum amori deditum; And. 272 mihi suom animum credidit; Eun. 816 iamdudum animus est in patinis; Heaut. 1063 credas animum ibi esse; C. I. L. i. loii coniunx una meo praedita amans animo; Cic. Att. 15. 12. I animus erat in cursu (his heart was in it); 10. 8. 9 quantus animus in discessu nostro (strong feeling); Sail. I. 14. 22 animo meo carissime ; and so elsewhere in Latin. (f) In neutral sense, inclination: Plaut. Trin. 310 si animum vicisti potius quam animus te; ib. 226 magister mihi exercitor animus nunc est; Aul. 725 R 7ne defrudavi Animumque meum geniumque meum; Amph. 290 R cuhat amans, animo obsequens; 131 animi impoti; Cas. 2.1.7 (tnimi amorisque causa sui; Bacch. 144 R sperai quidem animus; Ter. And. 188 animum ut expleret suum; 879 adeo im- potenti esse animo ; Ad. 33 potare atque animo obsequi; Ov. M. i. i /ert animus . . . dicere ; and so in all Latin. (g) Animi causa = for one's own pleasure or amusement: Plaut. Trin. 334; Cure. 340 R, and elsewhere ; Varro R. R. 3. 8, Cic, Caes., and all Latin. (h) Generous impulse or feeling, heart or inclination to give or do a kindness, in sing, and sometimes in pi. : Cic. Leg. Agr. 2. 22 animorum ac magnificentiae ; Q. F. i. i. 3 animo et benevokntia ; Lig. 35 te, qui oblivisci nihil soles nisi iniurias, quoniam hoc est animi, quoniam etiam ingenii tui; Verg. A. 12. 23 aurumque animusque Latino est; Prop. 2. 20. 26 quicquid eram, hoc animi gratia magna tui; Sen. Ep. 16. 7 non est quod mireris animum meum : adhuc de alieno liberalis sum. 5. Intention, purpose, desire, motive : in animo est, or (in poets and later Latin), animus est, aliquid facere ; quo animo quisfecerit (with what motive) ; so also very common, e. g. Caes. G. i. 7 sibi esse in animo . . . iter facere; 7. 28 hoc animo (with this intention) ut, etc., and so in other good prose ; Verg. A. 4. 639 est animus . . . abolere ; so Ov. est animus aliquid facere, and in prose Tac. and Sueton. ; Tac. A. 14. 44 interficiendi domini animum sumpsisse; Gains 4. 153 animo retineri possessionem ; 2. 68 animus revertendi; 3. 91 animus solvendi (the intention of); C. I. L. 6. 174 (Rome, 488 a.d.) animus donandi. The constr. with the gerund does not seem to occur in the Ciceronian age. 6. Disposition, character; so very Aninius— Annalis. 203 common in all Latin: Plaut. Bacch. 612 R iracundo ammo, pro- tervo ; so commonly magnus animus, tenuis, infirmus animus, and the like ; Sail, has animus insolens malarum artium, inverecundus , dis hominibusque infestus, audax, subdolus, varius, etc., Cic. and Hor. anguslus and parvus animus ; and similar expressions are found in later authors. Aninius, Aninia, nomina: C. I. L. 3. 1822 (Narona in Dal- matia) ; I. R. N. 683 (Canusium) ; and often in inscr. and literature. Anio, -enis, Mart. Cap. 3. 292, and -onis : also nom. Amen Cato ap. Prise, i. p. 684 K; Plin. 36. 122; Stat, twice; Serv. A. I. 273. 1. Name of a river flowing into the Tiber : Enn. A. 608 ace. Anionem ; Cato, Cic, and all Latin. 2. Name of the aqueducts that brought water from the Anio, Anio vetus and Anio novus C. I. L. 6. 1243 al., spelt Annio C. I. L. 6. 2344, 2345 (Rome) ; and in Frontinus and Plin. (The spelling Annio, Anni- ensis, may perhaps show that the word was pronounced and scanned as a disyll., Anyo^ Anio, -onis, cogn. m. : C. L L. 6. 1970 (Rome). Anionlus, nom. m. : C. I. R. 938. Anisdcyelum, -i (Greek avia&KUKKov), a machine consisting of wheels of unequal diameter : Vitruv. 10. i. 3 scorpionis vel aniso- cyclorum versationes. Anna, mythological name, f. : Verg. A. 4. 9 al. ; Ov. Ep. 7. 191 ; with epithet oiPerenna, name of a Roman goddess, probably fem. of Annus, and so the goddess of the year : Ov. F. 3. 523 foil. ; Macrob. S. I. 12. 6; C. I. L. 6. 2299. 2301 (Rome, 10 a.d. and 30 a.d.). Anna, nom. f. : L R. N. 5405 (Corfinium); C. L L. 3. 2567 (Salonae); cogn. f. (or title?): C. I. L. 3. 2012, 2160, 2450, 2515 (Salonae). Annaeanensis (Anneanensis), epithet of Bona Dea : C. I. L. 6. 69 (Rome). Annaeus, Annaea, nomina: often in inscr. and literature. Annaienus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 2560 (Ateste). Annalenius, nom. m. : C.I. L. 6. 1058. vii. 11 (Rome, 210 a.d.). Annalls, -e, adj. from annus, belonging to the year. 1. Annually recurring : Varro R. R. i . 2 7 tempora duorum generum sunt, unum annale, alterum menstruum; L. L. 6. 25 annales dies (annual feasts); Dig. 15. 2. i. i and elsewhere; so annalia tempora, of the seasons, Cael. Aur. Chron. 3. 8. iio(Paucker). 2. Referring to the year ; lex annalis, a law determining the age at which offices of state might be held : Cic. Phil. 5, 47 ; De Or. 2. 261 ; Liv. 40. 44. i. 304 Annavus. 3. Annalis, as subst., i. e. annalis liber, a record of Ae events which have happened in the year : very often in pi. annales = records, annals, sometimes as title of a historical work, as of Ennius, Fabius, Volusius, and others. Lucil. 9. 41 annales Enni; Catull. 36. I annales Volusi; Cic. Att. 2. 16. 4 annales suos (of a work by Q. Cicero); Att. 12.2'^. 2 in tuo annali ; so in sing. Att. 13. 30. 3; Varro ap. Charis. p. 120 K eclogas ex annali descriptas ; in pi. very frequent in Cic. and all Latin. Met., Verg. A. i. 373 annales nostro- rum laborum. The sing, annalis, or annalis liber, is used of a single book in such a historical work : Plin. 7. 10 1 Q. Ennius . . . sextum decimum adiecit annalem ; Quint. 6. 3. 86 sexto annali libra Enni. The annales pontificum or annales maximi were a public record of the events of each year kept by the pontifices : Cic. De Or. 2. 52 ; Serv. A, i. 373 ; and elsewhere in Latin. The word annales could be applied to a literary work, as that of Tacitus so named. But a distinction was sometimes made between annales and historia : Sem- pronius Asellio ap.Gell. 5. 18. 8 annales libri tantummodo quod factum quoque anno gestum sit, ea demonstrabant, id est quasi qui diarium scribunt quam Graeci ((jiJinepiSa vocant, i. e. annales implied merely the bare yearly record of events, while historia was a narrative arranged on a rational principle; so Cic. de Orat. 2. 52 erat enim historia nihil nisi annalium confectio. Verrius Flaccus, however, was inclined to agree with the opinion that the essence of historia was that the writer should have been an eye-witness of the events he recorded : Gell. 5. 18. i earum tamen proprie rerum sit historia quibus rebus gerendis interfuerit is qui narret; so Serv. A. i. 373 inter historiam et annales hoc interest : historia est earum rerum quas vel vidimus vel videre potuimus, dicta dn-o tov 'urropnv, i. e. videre ; annales vero sunt eorum temporum quae aetas nostra non novit, unde Livius ex annalibus et historia constat; Isid. Or. i. 43. 3 annales sunt res singulorum annorum ; quaecunque enim digna memoriae domi militiaeque, man ac terrae, per annos in commentariis acta sunt, ab anniversariis gestis annales nominantur. Historia autem multorum annorum vel temporum est . . . Inter historiam autem et annales hoc interest, quod historia est eorum temporum quae vidimus, annales vero sunt eorum annorum quos aetas nostra non novit. The dis- tinction was not always strictly maintained, but the title annales would usually imply that an arrangement according to years was adhered to. Annavus, Annavos, or Annatts, and Annava, nomina: C. I. L. 5. 1072, 8288, 8973 (Aquileia) ; L R. N. 5447 (Sulmo). Annecto — Aunexio. 205 Annecto, -is, -nexui, -nexnm (adn-). 1. To bind, or tie to, fasten to: Varro R. R. 3. 5. 4 adnexas perticas ; Cic. N. D. 2. 135 stomachics ad linguam adructitur; Inv. 2. \^^ funiculus . . . scapham adnexam trahehat; Sail. H. 4. 59 quae lintea ferrets lamminis . . . adnexuerant ; 3. 21 manus ferreas et alia adnexu idonea; Liv. 33. 29. 6 cadavera saxis . . . adnexa; Petron. 97 ad- necteret pedes et manus institis ; Plin. 10. no epistulas adnexas earum pedibus ; Val. Max. 4. 5. 6 remedia cor paribus aegrorum ad- nexa ; and elsewhere in Latin. 2. Met., to join, attach : Lucr. 3. 693 nam neque tanto opere adnecti poiuisse putandum est Corporibus nostris; Plin. 3. go of a tract of country: adnectitur septima ,"3.5 insulam . . . continenti adnectens ; so 5. 117 ; Mela 2. 104 dum [JVilus) limum . . . litori adnectens auget terras; Tac. H. 4. 77 /owf qui ulterior a coloniae adneciit; 2. 14 (^praetorianis in litori) adnexa classis; A. 2. 64 quod incuUum, ferum, adnexum hos- tibus (i. e. vicinum) 3. Met., in narrative or discussion, to join or attach : Cic. Inv. 1.26 sicut aliquot membrum adnexiim ora- tioni; Top. 54 cum id quod adnexum est negaris, ut id quoque cui fuerit adnexum negandum sit; Quint. 7. i. i recta quaedam locatio prioribus sequentia adnectens. 4. Met., of a friend or ally, to attach: Amm. 28. i. 36 quibus ad sui societatem adnexis. 5. Of an additional statement, to add; sometimes followed by ace. and inf : Val. Max. 2. 6. 14 adnecte . . . Lyciorum rationem; Tac. A. 2. 26 simul adnectebat, siforet adhuc bellandum, relinqueret, etc. ; 4. 28 adnectebatque Caecilium . . . ministravisse pecuniam. 6. Of including a person's name in a charge : Tac. A. 12. 52 adnec- tebatur crimini Vibia mater. 7. Of connection by blood : Tac. H. I. ^ pars populi magnis domibus adnexa ; A. 5. i sanguini Augusti . . . adnexa. Annedius, nom. m. : Eph. Epigr. 3. 17 (Corduba). Anneiaria, nom. f. : C. I. L. 5. 2522 (Ateste). Anneius, Anneia, nomina : I. R. N. 331 (Grumentum); 2952 (Naples); 6013 (Peltuinum Vestinorum); C. I. L. 2. 4970. 70 (Tarraco) ; C. I. L. 5 several times ; Val. Max. 7. 7. 2. Annellus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 3. 14 (Alexandria). Aimexio, -onis (adn-), subst. f [adnecto), a joining. 1. Pallad. 4. 10. 36 aliqua adnexione conglutina; Ter. Scaur. Orth. p. II K adiectione, detractione, mutaiione, adnexione. 2. As technical term of Grammar, = Greek frfy/ta, the figure by which one yerb is made to do duty for several nouns : lul. Ruf. 3 (ap. 2o6 Annicto — Aunona. Halm R. L. M. p. 48), who gives as an instance of it, Aeneas, urhe et sociis et classe relicta. Annicto, -as (adn-), to wink frequently at : Paul. p. 29 'adntclat,' saepe et leviter oculo adnuit : Naevius in Tarentilla, ' alii adnutat, alii adnictat, alium amat, alium tenet'; Placidus p. 10 D '■ adnictare' in- ridere, invitare. AnnicQIus : the forms annuculus and annuclus are found C. I. L. 3. 2319, 2457, 3858. Annieus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 3. 5697 (Noricum). Annidienus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 3413 (Rome). Annidius, Annidla, nomina : I. R. N. 1174 (Aeclanum) ; 5233 (Larinum); C. I. L. 3. 732 (Constantinople); 6. 3884. ii. 19 (Rome, 197 A. D.). Anniemis, nom. m.: I. R. N. 5874 (Amiternum). Annlhilatio, a making nothing of, treating with contempt: Gloss. Cyrill. e'^ouStVmo-is annihilatio ; Hieron. Epist. 106.6'janni- hilatio sive annullatio. Paucker gives other instances from late Latin. Annlhllator (adn-), one who scorns ; Gloss. Cyrill. i^ovdevrirris, annihilator. AnnlMlo (adn-), to make nothing of, scorn : Gloss. Cyrill. (^ovOevZ, annihilo: Hieron. Ep. 135; lornand. Get. 29; Cassiod. Ps. 109. 4. Annl61enus, Annidlena, nomina: I. R. N. 4255 (Casinum); 5384 (Corfiniura). Annltas [annus), full age, old age: Placidus p. 9 D ' annitas' adulta aetas . . . Interdum senectus est. Annitor (adn-), in the sense of making an effort in support some one else: Sail. H. 4. 61. 14 nulla cir cum adnitente; C. 19 I in Hispaniam missus est adnitente Crasso; Verg. A. i. 144 Triton adnixus; Tac. A. 12. 63 (pnerum) finem aut modum orabant adnitente principe. Annlversalis, annual: Augustin. Faust. 19. 6 azymorum anni- versale ius; 32. 3 anniversale sacrum (Paucker). Annona, -ae, gen. annones C. I. L. 6. 1796. 31 (Rome, 483 a. d.). 1. The yearly amount, quantity, or yield of natural productions : Liv. 29. 37. 3 novum vectigal ex salaria annona constituerunt ; 35. 44. 7 annona tolerabilis rerum aliarum : Col. 3. 21. 6 musti anno- nam; 3. 3. 10 pretium annonae; 8. 17. 13 annona lactis. 2. Especially of the yearly yield or produce of corn, and so = pro- Aunona. 307 visions in general, means of subsistence: Plaut. Stich. 179 ^ per caram annonam dixit me natum pater (at a time when provisions were dear); Mil. 733 Rib. esset is annona vilior; Cato Orig. 4. I quotiens annona cara est; Ter. And. 746 turn annona cara est; Cic. Verr. 3. 195 quanti esset annona; Phil. 8. 26 annonae perfugia, and so often in Cic, who frequently has caritas, vilitas annonae and the like. So in all Latin. Tac. has Aegyptus annonae fecunda, Aegyptus, claustra annonae, aliquem annonae praeficere, praefectura annonae. The prae/ectus annonae (C. I. L. 6. 1599, Rome, 200 a.d.) was the superintendent of the market. Met., Hor. i. Epist. 12. 24 vilis amicorum est annona, bonis ubi quid deest (a supply of friends is easily prociured when — ) ; luv. 9. 100 his opibus nunquam cara est annona veneni. 3. The price of provisions ; sometimes alone, the price, as in the phrase annona macelli: Plaut. Trin. 484 cena hac annona est sine sacris kereditas ; Varro Ta(^rj Mevliriruv 1 1 incen- dunt annonam; so R. R. 3. 2. 16, and ib. excandefacere annonam macelli; Cic. often, e. g. Fam. 5. 17 invidia annonae; Dom. 11 cum ingravesceret annona; ib. 15 commutatam annonam esse dicebant; Mil. 72 levanda annona; Dom. 12 difficultas annonae; Caes. C. i. 52 annona crevit; quae fere res . . . ingravescere consuevit : iamque ad denarios L in singulos modios annona pervenerat; Liv. z6. 20. 8 artiorem annonam sociis quam hosti faciebat; 5. 13. i annona ex ante convecta copia nihil mutavit (or in these two instances does it mean supply?); Tac. A. 2. 87 saevitiam annonae incusante plebe; 4. 6 acri annona fatigabatur plebes ; 6. i^ gravitate annonae ; 15. 72 ex modo annonae; Sueton. and later writers; Suet. Tib. 34 annonam macelli. 4. As military term, rations ; -sometimes in pi. : C. I. L. 2. 115 annonis duplis donatus miles (Ebora in Lusi- tania); Amm. 17. 9. 2 ex annona decern dierum et septem; Veget. M. I, 19 annonam pariter et arma portandi; Ps. Ascon. in Verr. i. 36 in annonam exercitus; Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 42. 3 qui annonas binas aut ternas accipiebant ; ib. 45. 2. 5. Dues, payments: Amm. 14. 7. II et tuas et palatii tui auferri iubebo prope diem annonas ; C. I. L. 6. 1771 annonas exsolvere (Rome, 363 a.d.); Ps. Ascon. in Verr. i. 36 quaestoris annonas ; so very often in legal Latin ; e. g. Dig. 26. 7. 32. 6 onera annonarum et contributionum temporalium, so in the Theodosian Code several times. 6. A largess or distribu- tion of corn: 0.1.1^.2. ^^6% annona/rumentaria emptaplebemadiuvit. 7. ^««o«(!:, personified, the goddess of the food-supply: C.LL.6.22 Annonae Sanctae; C. L L. 2. 4976 (i)on aringat Madrid. (Origin- ally the fem. of an adj. annonus ; comp. capronae from caper. Brdal, 3o8 Annonarms — Annoto. comparing the names Bellona and Pomona, and appealing to the inscriptions, thinks Annona was originally a goddess, the goddess of the year or the season. This is the most probable etymology that has as yet been suggested.) Annonarlus, -a, -um. 1. Adj. from annona, belonging or pertaining to the supply of corn or food ; Ascon. in Pis. 9. p. 7 Orelli, legem annonariam. (a law about the distribution of corn) ; Arnob. i . 1 6 annonaria caritas (dearness of provisions) ; Veget. M. 3. 3 pabula frumentum ceteraeque annonariae species (other kinds of provisions) ; Trebell. xxx Tyr. 24. 5 annonaria regio (region whence supplies are drawn); C. I. L. 6. i>j^^ annonaria poteslas i^conixol over the market) Rome, 389 a. d. In the Cod. Theod. the word is common, combined with ratio, officium,functio. 2. Annona- rius as subst., an officer who presides over the commissariat : Cod. Theod. 8. I. 3 annonarii et actuarii. Annono, -as (annona), to feed, supply; Augustin. Serm. 29 (Mai) annonare aliquem per xl annos panibus angelicis. Anndsltas, -atis, subst. {annosus). 1. Old age : Augustin. Epist. 269. 2. A long course of years: Cod. Theod. 13. 6. 10 cursus annositatis. Annfitatio, -onis (adn-), (adnotare). 1. Annotation, the act of making remarks or observations in writing: Quint. 10. 7. 31 hanc brevem adnotaiionem (this manner of making brief notes). 2. Concr., a written note or observation : Plin. Ep. 7. 20. 2 librum. cum adnotationibus tuis expecto ; Gell. praef. 3 in illis adnotationibus. priscis ; so elsewhere in later Latin. 3. Specially, the notes made by a quaestor at an auction : Tert. Apol. 1 3 sub eadem adnO' tatione quaestoris. 4. The notification to a magistrate of the intention to accuse a person: Dig. 48. 17. 4. 5. A rescript or cabinet order of an emperor: Cod. Theod. i. 2. i, and else- where ; also, in legal Latin, of notes or memoranda of wishes made by private persons. Anii6tat6r, -oris (adn-), (adnoto). 1. One who takes notes or observations for the purpose of accusing : Plin. Pan. 49 non . . . spectator adnotatorque convivis tuis immines. 2. In legal lan- guage, an accountant: Cod. Theod. 12. 6. 3 subscriptores . . . adno- iatores, ceterorumque officiorum diversi homines. Anudto, -as (adn-). 1. To make a note or observation, (a) Col. 12. 3. 4 ut meminisset atque adnotaret quid et quando et cui dedisset. (b) With ace. of the note or remark made: Quint, i. Anntialis — Annuo. 209 4. 17 i\a\r]de'is adnotare. 5. In law, to make a note with regard to the treat- ment or disposal of a criminal : Plin. Ep. 10. 96. 4 adnotavi in urbem remittendos; Suet. Cal. 27 ex noxiis laniandos adnoiavit; Dig. 48. 17. I. 2 ut eos quos adnotaverint . . . adesse iubeant. Anniialis, -e {annus). 1. Hired for a year : Vulg. Eccl. (Sirach) 37. 14 cum operario annuali. 2. A year old: Paul. Sent. 3. 6. 74 agni . . . nisi annuales sunt. Annullatio, -onis, subst. f. {adnullare), annihilation : Hieron. Ep. 106. 67 annullationi sive annihilationi; Inc. Visit. Infirm. 2. 5; Mythogr. Vat. 3 (Paucker). Anniiiiieratio (adn-). 1. A reckoning up, counting: Cod. Theod. 6. 23. 8. i annorum adn. 2. Of money, a pay- ment, counting out to a person: Hieron. Rufin. 3. 6 pretii adn.; Paucker adds two other instances from late Latin. Annuntiatrix (adn-), fem. of adnuntiator : Ennod. Diet. 2 (p. 431 Hartel). Anii-ao, -Is, -i, -ere (adn-): perf. adniiit Enn. A. 136. 1. To nod to. (a) Plaut. As. 784 R nutet, nictel, adnuat; Pompon. 24 saepe adnuit; Catull. 64. 204 adnuit invicto caelestium numine rector; Cic. Verr. i. 158 quos, cum iste adnuerat, . . .sub- sortiebatur; Verg. A. 9. 106; 10. 115 adnuit, et totum nutu treme- fecit Olympum; Liv. i. 12. 10 adnuenlibus atque vocantibus suis; Oy. 2 1 o Anntitativus — An6niS.lia. M. 15. 683 adnuit his, and elsewhere. (b) With cogn. ace. of the nod given : Liv. 7. 30. 20 adnuite . . . nutum numenque vestrum invictum Campanis. 2. To nod assent to, agree : Plaut. Stich. 224 R eheu, adnuisWi True. Prol. 4 daturin estis annon? Adnuont; Ten Eun. 580 imperat ut maneam. Adnuo: Varro R. R. 1. 2. 2 ut adnuis (as you indicate by your nod) ; Cic. N. D. i. 113 adnmre te video, and elsewhere in Cic; Ov. M. 14. 693 al.; Quint. 11. 3 79 adnuendi et renuendi ratione; frequent in Tac. = assent. With ace. of the thing assented to: CatuU. 61. 163 omnia omnihus ad- nuit; Cic. Verr. 3. 213 hoc mihi . . . adnuisse visus est; De Or. 2. 285 id guoque toto capite adnuit; Tac. D. 33 cum Aper quoque et Secundtis idem adnuissent; A. 14. 60 ut falsa adnuerent (agree to aflSrm). 3. With inf., or ace. and inf. in the past, to affirm that a thing has happened ; in the future, to agree or consent that it shall happen; Plaut. Cure. 342 R adnuo visitasse (I say that I did — ) ; Bacch. 186 'Kegoautemventurum adnuo; Enn. A. i^d adnuit mecum sese decernere ferro; CatuU. 64. 129 adnuit . . . de/endere; Verg. A. II. 20 ubi primum vellere signa Adnuerint superi (con- sented that we may) ; Liv. 32.39. 3 adnuisset se venturum, 4. With dat., to nod favourably to, nod assent or approval to : Aemil. Paulus (Meyer p. 156) adnuendo votis meis di id egerunl, etc.; Verg. A. 4. 128 petenti Adnuit; G. i. 40 admie coeptis; Liv. 31. 5. 7 adnuisse precationi deos; so often in Ov. ; Tac. H. 2. 4 ubi magnis consultis adnuere deam videt; A. 12. 48 adnuisse facinori; 15. 16 pad; Plin. Ep. i. 22. 11 ut promissis deus adnuat. 5. With ace. of thing, to grant, or promise to grant; Verg. A. i. 250 caeli quibus adnuis arc em; 12. 187 sin nostrum adnuerit potius Victoria Martem; Hor. 4. C. 6. 22 ni divom pater adnuisset Rebus Aeneae potiore ductos Alite muros; Tac. H. 4. 53 id solum religio . . . ad- nuere credebatur (to agree to, to concede). 6. To give a sign, beckon, to a person : Curt. 5. 2 (9). 22 donee ut considerem adnueres; Tac. A. 15. 58 adsistenti adnuentique an inter ipsam cognitionem de- stringeret gladium . . . renuit; luv. 3. 317 virga Adnuit; Vulg. Pro v. 10. 10 adnuit oculo; Act. 12. 17 manu, and so elsewhere in Vulg. Annutativiis (adn-), {adnHtare), affirmative, declaratory : Diomed. p. 417 K; Dosith. p. 422 K, of the conjunction et, in the line et eris mihi magnus Apollo. (In the passage in Diomedes Kail reads adnutivus!) Anom&lia, -ae {avayfioKla), anomaly or unlikeness, irregularity, opp. to analogia, likeness or analogy : Varro L. L. 9. 3 ; see 8. 23 cum putarent sequendam avvfidfiav dissimilitudinemque quae in Andmoeusia — Ansa. an consuetudine est, quam eiiam vacant avanoKtav, and comp. Gell. 2. 25. (See Analogia^ Andmoeusia, -ae (dvofioiowo-i'a), the opinion according to which the Son was of unlike substance to the Father : Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2. 40. 3 anomoeusia Arrianorum. Andmoeuslus {dvoiiowia-ios), of different substance, Eccl. Anonlus, nom. m. : I. R. N. 11 24 (Aeclanum). Anquina, -ae, subst. f., defined by Nonius (p. 536) as vinculum quo antemnae tenentur, the rope which fixed the antemna to the mast ; so Isid. Or. 19. 4. 7. Lucil. 3. 42 funis enim praecisus cito atque anquina soluia ; Cinna ap. Isid. 1. c. atque anquina regat stdbilem fortissima cursum. Anquiro, -is, -qtiisivi, -qmsitum. 1. To search around or on all sides, to look about : Paul. p. 22 M ' anquirere' est circum quaerere ; Placidus p. 5 ' anquirens ' pro adquirens vel inquirens magis. Cic. De Or. i. 151 anquirentihus nobis. 2. With ace, to look about for: Cic. Lael. i^ ,ut non anquirat aliquem; Oflf. I. II ut anquirat omnia. 3. To enquire about: Cic. N. D. i. 45 anquirit animus formam dei; Tac. H. 2. 59 nihil eorum quae fierent anquirenie Vitellio. 4. With following verbal clause, to ask, inquire: Cic. N. D. i. 30 anquiri quid sit deus, and elsewhere in his philosophical writings; Tac. A. 12. 6 nee diu anquirendum quin Agrippina . . . anteiret; 13. 6 num . . . cetera belli per magistros administrari possent anquirebant; 14. 22 quisnam deligeretur an- quirebanf. 5. Especially of a judicial inquiry ; Liv. 6. 20. 12 duumvir OS qui de perduellione anquirerent ; Tac. A. 3. 12 de morte . . . anquiritur. With gen. of the charge: Liv. 2. 52. 5 quum capitis anquisissent ; with abl. : Liv. 26. 3. 6 ut capite anquirendum contio succlamaret. Ansa, -ae, subst. fem., a handle. 1. Of a vessel: Cato Orat. 50 matellas sine ansis; R. R. 113. 2; of an amphora: Verg. E. 3. 45 ; 6. 17, and elsewhere in Latin, where the idea has to be expressed. Of an altar: Serv. A. 6. 124 ararum ansas tenentes. Of a door : Petron. 96 ansam ostioli; of a rudder : Vitruv. 8. 8. 5 ; the movable handle of a balance : Vitruv. 8. 8. 4. 2. The looped end of a cable: Vitruv. 10. 18. 2. 3. The loop on the edge of a sandal: Tibull. i. 8. 14 ansaque nudatos colligat arta pedes; Plin. 35. 85 quod in crepidis una pauciores intus fecisset ansas. 4. Of an iron clamp round the corner of a building: Vitruv. 2. 8. 4 ansis ferreis et plumho frontes vinctae sunt. 5. Of the barb of a hook: Prop. 4. i. 142 et bene cum p 2 3 1 2 AnsSrarius — Ante. mento fixum discusseris uncum, Nil erit hoc, rostro te premel ansa suo. 6. Met., a handle, occasion for doing something : Plaut. Pars. 671 R quaerere ansam, impetum utfaciat; Cic. Caecin. 17 iste autem hac sextula se ansam retinere omnium cqntroversiarum putat ; Plane. 84 si locus habet reprekensionis ansam aliquant ; Lael. 59 quo plures det sibi tamquam ansas ad reprehendendum. (Probably from a lost verb formed from the preposition am-, round, the meaning apparently being a curved or hooked handle.) Anserarius {anser), a keeper of geese : Gloss. Hild., al. Gloss. Anseratim, in goose-fashion: Charis. p. 182 YLul ' passeratim,' ' anseratim.' Ansicius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 3489 (Verona). Ansius, Ansla, nomina: I. R. N. several times; C. I. L. i. 1260. Cogn. m. : I. R. N. 6838 (now at Naples). Anspanla, nom. f. : C. I. L. 5. 814 (Aquileia). Anta, -ae, subst. fem., a square pillar at the side of the limen or at the corners in a house or temple: Paul. p. 16 antae, quae sunt later a ostiorum ; Nonius p. 30 ' antae' dictae sunt quadrae columnae ; Lex Par. Fac. C. I. L. i. 577 ex eo pariete antas duas ad mare vor- sum proicito longas pedes ii, crassas pedem i; Vitruv. 3. 2. i; 4.4. i, and often elsewhere ; C. I. L. 2. 1066 antam marmoravit (Arva in Baetica, c. 120 a. d). Aedes in antis, a temple provided with antae, = vaos ev napaiTTaa-ei ; Vitruv. 3. 2. I in antis erit aedes, cum habebit in fronte antas parietum qui cellam circumcludunt, et inter antas in medio columnas duas. (From prep, an and sufiSx -ta- or -to- ; so, literally, a projecting and prominent column.) Antanaclasis f^vravaKkauis), a figure in Rhet. defined by Isid. Or. 2. 21. 10 as quae eodem verba contrarium exprimit sensum. Antauapaestus, name of a metrical foot, \j v^ w : Diomed. p. 481 K. Antarius, {ante, or rather perhaps from lost adj. antus). 1. Carried on before on in front : Paul. p. 8 M antarium bellum quod ante urbem geritur ; Serv. A. 11. 156 sane hoc bellum antarium vocari solitum, quod sit ante urbem. 2. Antarius funis ap- parently = a front or main cable (n-poVoi/os) ; in Vitruv. 10. 2. 3 it is used of the ropes which support a crane or machine for lifting, as opp. to ductarii funes, which are the ropes for lifting the weight. Ante. 1. As adv. Note the phrase ante est ut aliquid faciat, = he must first do so and so, Cypr. Sent. Episc. 55 ; Epist. Anteambulo — Antecedo. 2 1 3 15. 2 ; ante est followed by inf., ib. Epist. 33. 2. 2. (a) As preposition ante must once, if we may infer from the adverbs antehac and antea, have governed the abl. ; comp. Serv. E. i. 30 antiqui 'post,' ' ante,' ' a'rcum,' aUativo mngebant. This use is found in the Itala, Psalt. Veron. Ps. 71. 17 ante sole; Matt. 24. 38 ante diluvio ; Ronsch I. V. p. 406. (b) Ante = in the face of, in con- trast with : Ennod. Epist. 9. 19 ne ante dignationem vestram videatur inportuna landatio; 9. 33 libertas . . . credidit sibi ante Christianam humilitatem licere quod voluit (setting aside humility). Anteambiilo, -as, to go before, with ace, to look after a thing : Gloss, ap. Lowe, Glossae Nominum, etc., p. 103 qui negotia aliena anteambulat. AntecantatiTus, adj. from antecanto, 1. 1. of Grammar, = Greek TrpowSiKdr ; antecantativum carmen is a verse which is introductory to another and requires to be supplemented by it, as a hexameter to a pentameter in elegiacs, or an iambic trimeter to a dimeter in (e.g.) the epodes of Horace: Mar. Vict. p. 57 K haec etiam in carminilus quae mutuo adnexa ita ex se pendent ut alterum sine altera audiri non possit ; wpoaSiKa et inahiKa vocaverunt, id est antecantativa et postcantativa. Anteeapio, -cepi, -eeptum, to take or seize upon beforehand, (a) Sail. I. 50. I uti locum castris antecaperet; Tac. H. 4. 66 quia pontem Mosae Jluminis anteceperat. (b) Of time : Sail. C. 55. i optimum factu ratus noctem quae instdbat antecapere ; I. 2 1 . 3 tempus legatorum (to anticipate, be beforehand with). (c) Met., of measures or proceedings, to take beforehand; Sail. C. 32. \ prius- quam legiones scriberentur multa antecapere quae bello usui forent. (d) Of a condition or feeling: Sail. C. 13. 3 non famem aut sitim neque frigus neque lassitudinem opperiri sed ea omnia luxu antecapere. (e) Of a thought or idea: Apul. M. 4. 5 antecapto meo cogitatu. (f) As 1. 1. of Philosophy = Greek npoXa/i^dveiv, to form a notion or idea previous to experience: Cic. N. D. i. 43 anteceptam animo quondam in/or mationem. Antecedo, -Is, -ere, -eessi, -eessum. 1. To go before or in front. (a) Abs. : Cic. N. D. 2. 52 antecedendo, opp. to retardando \ Phil. 2. 58 vehebatur in essedo tribunus plebis : lictores laureati antecedebant ; Caes. G. 7. 35 Vercingetorix . . . magnis itineribus antecessit; ib. 54 antecedere ad confirmandam civitatem ; C. I. 79 a qui antecesseraut ; and elsewhere in Caes., who uses it with abl. of time, e. g. quattuor horarum spatio antecedens, and the like; Hor. 3. C. 2. 31 antecedentem scelestum. (b) With ace. a 1 4 Ant6cessivus — Ant6c61uinnitim. to go before, precede : Caes. C. 4. 11 ad eos equites qui agmen antecessissent ; and so elsewhere; C. 3. 80 sic ut nuntios expugnati oppidi famamque antecederet (be beforehand with) ; Brutus ap. Cic. Fam. II. 13. 2 biduo me Pompeius aniecessit; and elsewhere in good Latin. Of a stream: Script. Bell. Hisp. 29 cuius decursum ante- cedebat rivus. 2. Of time: (a) Abs., Ter. Ph. 525 mot ^a praeteriit dies? Non, verum haec aniecessit; Cic. often, who has causae, or res, antecedentes ; verisimile est causam antecedere ; and the like; so very often Quint., e.g. 4. 2. 81 causas quae antecesserunt; 10. 7. 12 si antecesserit arSjproderit usus. (b) With ace. : C. I. L. I. 1009 reliqui fletum nata genitori meo, Et antecessi, geniia post, leti diem; Caes. C. 2. 6 non ita multum se reliquorum civium fatum antecedere existimaverunt ; Cic. Top. 53 quicquid antecedit quamque rem; so several times in Quint; Tac. D. 16 quorum aetas milk fere et trecentis annis nostrum saeculum antecedit. (c) With dat. : Cic. Top. 88 si huic rei ilia antecedit, huic non antecedit; so Fat. 34 non sic causa intellegi debet, ut quod cuique antecedat, id ei causa sit, sed quod cuique efficienter antecedat; Brut. 82 aetate paulum eis antecedens Galba ; and elsewhere in good Latin. 3. Of quality, to go beyond, surpass : abs., and with ace. and dat : Plant. Pseud. 532 R virtute tu regi Agathocli antecesseris ; Titin. 11 ubi ambitionem virtuti videas antecedere; Cic. Acad. i. 3 m res longe ceteris et studiis et artibus antecedit; and so elsewhere in Cic. ; Verr. 4. 138, 142, 143 usu, aetate, honore antecedere; Caes. G. 6. 12 tantum potentia antecesserant ; C. 3. 82 ne unus omnes antecederet; and often in Caes., but never with dat.; Petron. 17 antecessura fabulas latrocinia ; Tac. D. 25 Cicero . . . ceteros eorundem tem- porum disertos antecessit; G. 43 enumeratos paulo ante populos an- tecedunt; and elsewhere in good Latin. Antecessivus, adj. (antecessio), preceding or going before : Tert. Virg. Vel. 4 as t. t. of Philosophy, subiectivum [subiectum est) antecessivo. Antecessiis, -us, perhaps to be written anticessus, subst. m. from antecedo, lit. a going before, only surviving in the phrase in a«/««jj«OT = beforehand or in anticipation: Sen. Ep. 7. 10 duo in antecessum accipe; and elsewhere in Sen.; Quint. Decl. 12. 20 (Burm.), where in antecessus was read: Flor. 2. 9. (3. 21.) 20 in antecessum sanguine senatus sibi parentabant. Antecdlumnlum, -i, subst. n., a space in front of the pillars : Ps. Ascon. Verr. i. 51 (p. 171. 17 Orell.) ad omnes columnas : locus antecolumnium dicitur. Antecresco — Anteeo. a 1 5 Antecresco, 1. 1. in Grammar of verbs which reduplicate their perfects {mordeo, etc.) : Serv. in Donat. p. 451 K omnia verba quae in praeteritis antecrescunt. Anteeo, -ivi, and more commonly -ii, -ire, in old Latin antidSo : Plaut. Trin. 546; Cas. 2. 3. 9; Cist. 2. i. 3; Bacch. 1089 R; Pers. 779 R. Anteis, anteit, are scanned by the poets as disyllab., anteire as trisyllab. Anfeat Ov. A. A. 2. 726. 1. To go before or in front. (a) Cic. Leg. Agr. 2. 93 anteibant lictores; Off. 2. 25 destricto gladio iubehat anteire] Hor. i. Epist. 2. 70 si cessas aut strenuus anteis; and in other good authors. (to) Fol- lowed by dat. or ace. : Cic. Leg. Agr. 2. 93 praetoribus anteeunt; Lucr. 4. 141 ardtia saxa Montibtis anteire; Hor. i. C. 35. 17 te semper anteit saeva necessitas; and with ace. several times in Tac. 2. Of time. (a) Abs. : Tac. A. 3. 69 si anteissent delicta, poenae sequerentur; 4. 71 avebat animus anteire statimque memorare exitus. (b) With dat. and ace: Cic. Tusc. i. g qui his aetate anteibat; Ac. I. 35 cum Arcesilam anteiret aetate; Ov. A. A. 2. 726 nee cursus anteat ilia tuos. 3. Met., to anticipate, prevent. (a) With ace: Ter. And. 556 id te oro ut anteeamus; Tac. A. 5. 6 anteibo periculum-; ib. 5. 10 quo vera seu falsa anteiret; 6. 29 damnationem ; ig. 38 incendium . . . anteiit remedia velocitate mali (was too rapid for). (b) Followed by indirect question = to be beforehand, i. e. know previously: Sil. 14. 455 anteibat . . . quid vellet crastinus Auster. 4. To go beyond, be in front of, with dat. or ace. : Liv. 38. 51. 11 vos aetatem meam honoribus vestris anteistis ; Tac. A. 5. 3 neque Seianus audebat auctoritati parentis anteire (to put himself above). 5. To excel, be prominent in anything : Caes. C. I. 32 ut operibus anteire studuerit. 6. To excel, surpass, followed by dat. and (much more frequently) ace. : Plaut. Amph. 649 R virtus omnibus rebus anteit; Pers. 779 R antideo omnibus facile ; Trin. 546 Surorum antidit patientiam ; Bacch. 1089 R omnes longe antideo; Cas. 2. 3. 9 munditiam antideo; Ter. Ph. 247 eum anteeo sapientia; Trabea 5 fortunam ipsam anteibo forlunis meis ; so Cic, Caes., Sail., Verg., Ov., and other good writers; very frequent in Tac. In pass., Cic. SuU. 23 abs te anteiri putant; Tac. H. 2. loi ne ab aliis apud Vitellium anteirentur. Of a thing, to surpass in value: Cic. Att. 12. 31. 2 quantum anteire istos hortos Drusi (how much more valuable I think them). 7. With ace. of thing, to go beyond, exceed : Tac. A. 14. 11 Neronis immanitas omnium questus anteibat; 15. 18 qui gravitate sumptuum iustos reditus anteissent (had exceeded the due measure of). 3 1 6 Antefatus — Ant616gitiin. Antefatus, -a, -um, part. pass, from lost verb ante/are, mentioned beforehand : Juriscons. and Eccl. Antefero, -fers, -ferre, -ttili, -latum. 1. To carry before or in front : Caes. C. 3. 106 fasces anteferrentur ; Tac. A. i. 8 ut legum latarum tituli, victarum ab eo gentium vocabula anteferrentur ; 3. 76 viginti clarissimarum familiarum imagines antelatae sunt. 2. Of time, to bring (i.e. apply) beforehand : Cic. Fam. 5. 16. 6 quod est dies adlatura, id consilio anteferre dehemus. 3. Of quality, to prefer, place before, abs. and followed by dat. : Caes. G. 5. 44 controversias habehant quinam anteferretur : uter utri anteferenduS' videretur; so very often in Cic, both of persons and things; e. g. alienigenas sociis anteferre, audoritatem vestram vitae suae, opes gloriae, auctoritatem huius ordinis tuis dolorihus, and the like ; so Sail., Verg., Quint., Tac, and other good writers. 4. To publish, put in a prominent position: Cod. Theod. 16. 5. 37. 5. To prefix to, with dat. : Cod. Theod. 13. 5. 16. i ; 10. 9. 3. Antefigo, -fixi, -fixum, to fix or set up in front : Tac. A. i. 61 truncis arborum antefixa or a. Antefixum as n. subst., an ornament set upon the roof of a house or temple : Paul. p. 8 M ' antefixa^ quae ex operis figulihis tecto adfiguntur; so Liv. 26. 23. 4 Victorias quae in antefixis erant; 34. 4. 4, antefixa fictilia deorum Romanorum. In Vitruv. 10. 15. 4 antefixum means a piece of wood fixed in front of a catapulta. Antegredior, -grederis, -gredi, -gressus sum. 1. To go or move before or in front of, with ace : Cic. N. D. 2. 53 cum antegreditur solem; Amm. 16. 10. 7 post antegressos multiplices alios; 16. 12. ^ praecursatoribus iam antegressis. 2. Of time, to precede : Cic. Off. i. 94 quidquid est enim quod deceat, id turn apparet cum antegressa est honestas; Div. i. 25 isdem signis ante- gressis ; Fat. 19. 21 causae antegressae. Anteius, Anteia, nomina, often in inscr. : e. g. I. R. N. 6417. Autelena {avri and laena), a sheepskin garment with the wool turned inwards : Itala Hebr. 11.37 circoierunt in antelenis et caprinis pellibus (Ronsch S. B. p. 7). Antella, the breast-band of a horse, intended to prevent the saddle from slipping backwards; Isid. Or. 20. 16. 4; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 262. Antgldglum., a prologue: Plaut. Men. prol. 13 R huic fabulae argumento antelogium hoc fuit; Auson. Epist. 12 (16). praef. extr. (p. 239 Peiper) from Plautus. Anteltico — Antepono. 317 AntSluco, -as, to do a thing before daylight: Querolus 2. 4 quotiens est antelucandum. Antenna, -ae, better written antemna : so at least the Florentine MS. in Dig. 21. 2. 44, 14. 2. 6, the best MSS. of Verg. A. 3. 549, Plaut. Trin. 837 ; see also Isid. Or. 19. 2. 7, who apparently identifies the word with the proper name Antemnae. A sailyard in a ship : Plaut. Trin. 837 ruere antemnas, scindere vela ; Lucr. 2. 554 antemnas proram malos tonsasque natantes; Catull. 64. 234; Caes. G. 3. 14; Verg. A. 3. 549 velatarum antemnarum \ Hor., Liv., and other good writers. (Perhaps for anteminae, projections; though others, writing antenna, have connected the word with an and tenno := tendo^ Antenovissimus, penultimate: Max. Vict. Rat. Metr. p. 218 K antenovissimus pes huius versus (Paucker). Anteoccupatio, -onls, t. t. of Rhetoric, the act of anticipating an objection: Cic. De Or. 3. 205; Quint. 9. r. 31. Antepagmentnm, -i, subst. n. ; defined by Paul. p. 8 M ' ante- pagmenta' valvarum ornamenta quae antis adpinguntur, i.e. ad- figuntur ; an external fixture or fitting of a house, such as frames of the doors; Cato R. R. 14. 2 villae fundamenta ex caementis et cake supra terram pede, ceteros parietes ex latere, iugamenta et ante- pagmenta, quae opus erunt, . . . indito; C. I. L. i. 577 (Lex Par. Fac. B.C. 105) antepagmenta abiegnea lata dodrantem, crassa semun- ciam ; Vitruv. 4. 6, and 7 several times. Antepario, -is, -ere, -parttun, to gain before or previously: Naev. Com. 84 qui anteparta patria peregre prodigunt; Plaut. Trin. 643 virtute eorum anteparta ; True. 63 R ut ne anteparta demus postpartoribus. Antepilanus, in metaphorical sense, not (as Lewis and Short say) a competitor, but one who fights before another, shows him the way, so = guide or leader in crime: Amm. 28. i. 46 cum Maximino velut antepilano suo contendens. Antepono, -is, -ere, -p6sui, -p6situm. 1. To set before or in front of, followed by dat. : Plaut. Men. 274 R anteponam bonum prandium pransoribus ; Rud. 509 R (cena) quae anteposita est Tereo; Cure. 73 R quid antepones Veneri ieientacuWi Varro Manius 14 habens antepositam alimoniam; Hor. i. S. 3. 92 (by tmesis) positum ante mea pullum si parte catini Sustulit esuriens ; Tac. A. I. 50 non antepositis vigiliis; 12. 56 antepositis propug- naculis ; 15. 32 equitum Romanorum locos' sedilibus plebis anteposuit. a 1 8 Anterior — Antesignator. 2. To prefix. (a) Of prepositions to other words : Varro L. L. 6. 38 antepositis praeverhiis. (b) Of part of a treatise to the rest: Vitruv. 2. praef. 5 non putavi anteponendum nisi prius de materiae copiis : de aedificiorum rationilus . . . anteponam (I will treat first). (c) Of words in a sentence : Quint. 9. 4. 44 plurimum refert compositionis , quae quibus anteponas. 3. Of time : C. I. L. I. 1313 inviteis L. C. Leireis L. f.et qui eos parentaret ne anteponat, where Mommsen says anteponuntur cadavera cum in lectis, ubi alia antea deposita sunt, alia denuo apponuntur. 4. Of quality, to prefer: Cic. Fin. 4. 16 cum animum infinita quadam laude anteponerent corpori; so often in Cic, e.g. Att. 11. 7. 3, and passim in his speeches ; so also Caes., Sail., and other good authors. By tmesis, Cic. Oflf. 3. 71 mala bonis ponit ante. Fol- lowed by abl., Apul. M. 3. 19. Anterifir, -oris, compar. adj. from a lost positive anterus. 1. Foremost, front: Amm. 16. 8. 8 anteriorem chlamydis partem; 30. 5. 19 anteriores pedes; n. pi. anteriora as subst. : Amm. 25. 3. 2 ad speculanda anteriora (the ground in front). 2. Of time : Prudent. Symm. 2. 96 quique Chao anterior fuerit mundumque crearit; Sulpic. Sev. Chron. i. 52. 3 anteriorum regum ; and else- where in late Latin, Eccl. and Jur. Anteris, -idis, gen. pi. -idon, subst. f {dvnipls), a buttress or support : Vitruv. 6. 11. 6 anterides sive erismae erunt; 10. 17. 9. Anterltas, priority : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' anteritas ' antiquitas. Anterumene, Greek avraipovfievrj, name of one of the temperate zones; Ps. Prob. ad Georg. i. 233. Antesignanus, -i, properly a soldier who fought before the standards : so 1. as military 1. 1., the antesignani were a body of about 300 light-armed men attached to each legion, whose duty it was to precede the legion in its march, and perform such services as required speed and nimbleness : V^rro Sat. Men. (Riese p. 100. 6) antesignani quadratis multisignibus tecti ; Caes. C. i . 43 unius legionis antesignanos ; 57 electos ex omnibus legionibus fortissimos viros, ante- signanos; Liv. 9. 39. 7, 22. 5. 7; Veget. R. M. 2. 2, 2. 7, 2. 17, who says they were also called campigeni. 2. Met., Cic. Phil. 2. '^\ filer as in acie Pharsalica antesignanus (among the foremost); Apul. M. 4. 1 1 of a leader of robbers. AntesignatSr, -oris, {i) = antesignanus : C. I. L. 6. 3561 (Rome) antesignator tribuni. Antesinister — Authologumena. a 1 9 Antesinister, on the left front: Serv. E. 9. 15 ' antesinistra' (comix), i. e. ah antica parte ad sinistram. (Perhaps to be read in Verg. 1. c. for ante sinistra.) Autestlus, Antestia, nomina, often in inscr. Antesto, or better antisto, (see Ritschl Opusc. 2. p. 559 foil.), to stand in front, so to be superior to, surpass ; abs. and followed by dat. and sometimes ace: Enn. Trag. 271 plebes in hoc regi antistat loco; Cato R. R. 156. i hrassica quae omnibus holeribus antistat; Claudius Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9. 13. 7 qui et viribus et magnitudine et adulescentia simulque virtute ceteris antistabat ; Metell. Numid. (Meyer xlv. 3) universi me unum antistatis ; CatuU. 9. 2 ; Lucr. 5. 22 Herculis antistare autem si facta putatis ; Cic. Rep. 3. 28 Pompeius antistat; Mela 2. 75 antestat (so Parthey) omnibus Ataci- norum Decumanorumque colonia; 3. 54 ut fecunditate alias ita mag- nitudine antestat; Tac. A. 2. 33; Gell. 6. 5. i ; Apul. M. 4. 8 with ace, Antestor, -aris : that the active form antesto was once in use maybe inferred from a quotation from Aelius in Prise, i. p. 382 K impubes libripens esse non potest neque antestari, and perhaps from an inscr. (C. I. L. 2. 5042) of the Augustan age, antestato libripende. Antevenio, -is, -veni, -ventum. 1. To come before, or beforehand. (a) Abs., Plant. Mil. 221 'SJh.anteveni aliqua,atque aliquid circumduce exercitum; Verg. G. 3. 71 anteveni, et subolem armento sortire quot annis. (b) With dat. and sometimes with ace, to anticipate, be beforehand with : Plant. Trin. 911 temperi huic hodie anteveni; impers. pass., Cato Orat. 74 quod compluriens usu venit, omni tempore anteventum est; Sail. I. 48. 2 exercitum Metelli anievenit ; 56. 2 Metellum ; 88. 2 consilia et insidias ; Tac. A. I. 63 onustum . . . militem cum antevenisset ; Claud. De Laud. Stil. 2. 152 antevenis tempus, non expectantibus ultro Munificus. 2. To surpass, excel. (a) With dat. and ace. : Plant. Cas. 2. 3. I omnibus rebus amor em credo antevenire; Ps. 417 R nemo ante- veniat filio, credo, meo ; Sail. I. 4. 7 per virtutem nobilitatem ante- venire; 96. 3 plerosque antevenire. (b) Abs., Tac. A. 4. 18 beneficia eo usqtie laeta sunt, dum videntur exsolvi posse : ubi multum antevenere, pro gratia odium redditur. Anthlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 245 (Rome). AnthdlSgumena {dvdoKoyoiiiem), n. pi., a florilegium or selection of choice passages: Plin. 20. 77 qui anthologumena scripsit. 220 Anthoristicus — Antieipatio. Anthdristlcus {avBopicmKot), 1. 1. of Rhetoric ; actio anthoristica, the process of defining a thing by comparison of two statements about it: Fortunat. Rhet. i. ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 91. Anthracinus {avQpaiavos from Mpa^), coal-black : Varro de Vita P. R. ap. Non. p. 550, in abl. pi. anthracinis; either fem. = anthracinis vestibus, or n. pi. from anthracina. AnthypdphSra, ace. -an (dvdvTToipnpa), t. t. of Rhetoric, = the process of taking one's adversary's statement and using it (hypo- thetically) against him ; in pure Latin oppositio or ohiectio : Sen. Contr. I. 7. 17 ; Rufinianus Schem. Dian. p. 61 Halm. Antlae, -arum, front locks of hair: Paul. p. 17 M ' anttae' muliebres capilli demissi in frontem ; comp. Charis. Exc. p. 549 K, Placidus p. 8 D, Isid. Or. 19. 31. 8, and several glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 323. Used by Apul. Flor. 3. p. 342 of Apollo, praemuhis antiis et promulsis capronis, and by Tert. Pall. 4 of a lion. {Anttae differs from capronae, antiae being all the front curls or hair, capronae only the fringe hanging over the forehead.) AntibaccMus [antibacchus), the antibacchiac metre : Diom., p. 513 K. Antibacchus (airi/Sayxor), 1. 1. of Grammar, a foot consisting of one short and two long syllables (u — ) : Ter. Maur. p. 368. v. 1414 K. Antibuc61ica, n. pi., title of a work written against the Bucolica of Vergil: Suet. Vita Verg. 43. Antieato, -onis, title of a work by Julius Caesar written against Cato, in two books: luv. 6. 338 duo Caesaris Anticaiones, where the scholiast remarks, Caesar . . . libros duos famosissimos in vitam Catonis edidit, quos Anticaiones inscripsit) Suet. lul. 56 reliquit de Analogia duos libros et Anticaiones totidem; comp. Quint, i. 5. 68; Gell. 4. 16. 8. Antichresis, -is, subst. f. {dvTixpr]ov), a copy of a work: Sub- scriptio to the MSS. of Persius (402 a.d.) temptavi emendare sine antigrapho. Antilius, nom. m. : I. R. N. 4660 (Venafrum). Antimetabdle {dpriiJ.€Ta0o\ri), t. t. of Rhetoric, the figure of opposing two clauses in which the relative position of the words is reversed, e.g. Aomo ornat locum, non hominem locus; nan ut edam vivo, sedut vivam edo ; Charis. p. 287 K; Isid. Or. 2. 21. ii. Antinum, name of a town in Italy : often in I. R. N. Antipharmacdn and -cum {avTios, Kd\\iypav a/iiriXav, Xeyerai Se Koi em mmKav rd^eav. Cato quoted by Philarg. 1. c. used the word in a military sense, probably = half a square : pedites quattuor agminibus, equites duobus antibus ducas. (From an- ■=■ before : an-ti-s will then properly = a projection in front, as postis from pos- = something standing at the back.) Antispastlcus, adj. from antispastus (avTioTraa-TiKos), consisting of antispasts : Diom. p. 505 K. Antispecto, -as, to look in front or forwards : Gall. 9. 4. 6 vestigia hominum antispectantia. Antistes — Antistoeclidii. 327 Antistes, -itis, subst. m. and f. Abl. antiste C. I. L. 6. 716 (Rome) ; anttsiibus the MS. of Arnobius 5. 7. 1. A president, one who presides over: Colum. 3. 21. 6 vtndemiatorum ; Tert- Apol. I Romani imperii antistites ; Pall. 4 latrinarum. ; Cod. lustin. 10. 46. I antistites liber alium studiorum. 2. Most frequently in connexion with religion, one who presides over a temple or a sacrifice ; in relation to a deity, his or her priest ; so by itself, a priest : Cic. Verr. 4. 1 11 antistites Cereris ; Dom. 2 deorum im- mortalium; 104 caerimoniarum. et sacrorum; Har. Resp, 14 sa- crorum; Prop. 3. 17. 37 crater antistitis; Ov. M. 13. 632 ; Liv. i. 7. 14 Potitii antistites sacri eius; i. 45. 5 antistitem fani Dianae; C. I. L. 6. 788 (Rome) praediorum Helvidianorum; 1751 (371 A.D.) devotionis; I. R. N. 5010 (Aesernia) antistes Dei invicti; C. I. L. 3. IH4, 1115 antistes huiusce loci; 1095 Liberae (all at Apulum in Dacia) ; Tac. H. 4. 83 caerimoniarum, and so fre- quently elsewhere in Latin, of priests or priestesses (fern. Liv. 1.20. 3, and elsewhere). 3. In ecclesiastical writers it is equivalent to sacerdos, as e.g. often in Cyprian; sometimes also to episcopus, as in Ennodius ; Amm. uses it in a general sense of the higher eccle- siastical functionaries, e.g. 15. 7. 6 Liberius, Christianae legis antistes, and also of ordinary priests. 4. Met., a master or authority in a science or department of knowledge : Cic. De Or, I. 202 eius artis antistes; Col. 11. i. 10 ceterarum artium; Plin. 7. 110 Platoni sapientiae antistiti; Quint. 11. i. 69 iuris. 5. One who waits upon, worships (as a priest a deity) : Ov. Tr. 3.14. i cultor et antistes doctorum sancte virorum ; Gell. 14. 4. 3 index, qui iustitiae antistes est. (The word is a participial form in -ti- from antisto, -ste- ti- ; comp. interpre-ti- from pre- to go, supersti-ti- from supersto!) Antistita, -ae, fern, of antistes, a priestess: Plaut. Rud. 624 R antistita Veneria; Ace. 167 unicam antistitam . . . suam; Cic. Verr, 4. 99 illius fani antistitae ; Varro and Cornelius Severus ap. Charis. p. 100 K; Ov. M. 13. 410 of Cassandra, antistita Phoebi; Ciris 166 Cybeles antistita ; Apul. Apol. 26 caelitum antistita. (The word antistita is remarked upon by Gellius 13. 21. 22 ; Nonius p. 487; Charis. p. 100 K; and Prise, i. p. 157 K). Antistiiis, Antistia, nomina, often in inscr. Antisto, see Antesto. Antistoechdn (mnurrolxov), t. t. of Grammar, the substitution of one letter for another: spelt antistichon Pomp, p, 194 K; comp. also Serv. A. i. 304, 421, 726, al. (F. Haverfield). Q 2 aaS Antistrephon — AntuUus. Antistrephon, -ontos, subst. m. {avna-Tpf^av), the figure by which the points of an argument are reversed, so as to make it prove an opposite conclusion to that for -which it was first used : Gell. 5. II. I. Aiitistr6ph6n, abl. -o (avTlarpoi^ov), 1. 1. of Prosody, the part of a chorus which corresponds to the strophe : Mar. Victorin. p. 59 K. Fem. form antistropha, ace. -am, Macrob. Somn. Scip. 2. 3. 5. AntistrSphus, adj. (ai/n'orpo^of), corresponding to one another: Isid. Or. I. 36. 5; adv. antistrophe, Schol. luv. 15. 174. Antithetieus (dirt^eriKo'c), adj. from antitheton, antithetical : Fortunat. Ars Rhet. i. 13; 2. 10, 11 (pp. 91, in, 112, Halrn) quaestio, definitio. Antltheus, -i, subst. m. {avrWeos), 1. a pretended deity: Arnob. 4. 12. 2. The adversary of God : Lact. 2. 9. 13. Antlus, Autia, nomina: I. R. N. 391 1, 6780; C. I. L. 5. 4124, and elsewhere in inscr, Antlia, -ae, subst. f., = Greek dvrXtov, a machine, worked by a wheel, for drawing up water: Mart. 9. 18. 4 {curia'i) curva labo- ratas antlia tollere aquas; Suet. Tib. 51 in antliam, condemnato (condemned to work the machine); Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 373 ' antlia ' rota hauritoria. (A form antlium may be pointed to by Script. De Idiom. Gen. ap. Keil G. L. 4. p. 582 antrum, rutrurh, a/jiiir] ; perhaps for antlium Sfirj, sutrum a/i/iij.) Antlo, see Anclo. Antoecumene, -es, subst. f. (avToiKovftevri), the southern hemi- sphere: Grom. Lat. p. 61 (Lachm.). Antonesco, -is, verb inceptive from Antonius, to begin to be like Antonius : Consentius p. 377 K a propria {nomine) ut Antonius antonescit. Antronius, Antroula, nomina: C. I. L. 2. 2538 (Tarraco- nensis); I. R. N. 2932 (Naples). Antruo, -as, glossed in Paul. p. 9 as = gratias refero. (The word is not cleared up; see Lowe P. G. p. 334.) Antuleia, nom. f : C. I. L. 5. 4528 (Brixia). Antiillla, nom. f. : C. L L. 6. 1317 (Rome, ist cent. a.d.). AntuUinus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 3. 6056 (Ancyra). AntuUus, Antulla, cognomina : C. I. L, 5. 6874 (Pennine Alps) ; Antibis — Apellius. 339 6. 468, 1057 (Rome), and elsewhere in inscr. ; Mart. i. 114. 4, rr6. 3. Anubis, -idis, ace. -em and -Im, name of an Egyptian deity : Verg. A. 8. 698; Ov. M. 9. 690; Plin. 33. 131, and elsewhere in Latin. Dat. Anubidi, C. I. L. 6. 3673 (Rome). AuiUarlus, adj. from anulus, belonging to rings: Vitruv. 7. 14. 2 creta anularia; Suet. Aug. 72 scalae anulariae, the name of a place in Rome; C. I. L. i. 1107 conlegium anularium, or con- legium of ring-makers (in gen. and dat. conlegi anulari, conlegio anulario). As subst. anularius = a ring-maker : Cic. Ac. 2., 86. Neut. anularium, the present of a ring to a soldier: C. I. L. 8. 2554 anularia sua accipiant. Anulenus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 3. 1750 (Epidaurum in Dalmatia). AnuUa, nom. f. : C. I. L. 3. 2380 (Salonae). Anulla, -ae, subst. f , dim. of anus, a little old woman : Fronto Ad Amic. i. 15, Prud. Perist. 6. 149. Anullinus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 6. 220 (Rome, 203 a. d.), 1027, and elsewhere in inscr, Anuldeulter, -ri, subst. m., a ring-shaped knife: Tert. An. 25. Aniisia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 5. 116 (Pola). Anxa, name of a town in Calabria: Plin. 3. 100. Anxani, name of an Italian tribe, also called Frentani : Plin. 3. 106. Anxanum, name of a town of the Frentani : I. R. N. 5293. Anxanus, of Anxur: C. I. L. 6. 2404. A. 4. (Rome, 115 a. d.). Anxates, name of a community among the Frentani : I. R. N. 5473 (Superaequum). Auxatini, name of a tribe of the Marsians : Plin. 3. 106. Anxianimus, of an anxious mind: Alcim. Avit. Ep. 31. Anxifer, bringing pain or distress : Gloss. Epinal. 4 E. 1. 38 ; ' anxiferis' maestificis; Cic. poet. Div. i. 22; Tusc. 2. 21. A5ristds or aSristus (aopiaroi), the aorist tense : Macrob. Diff, p. 635 K. Aparemphatus (a.i:apk^^aTos), neut. aparemphatum as subst., 1. 1. of Grammar, = the infinitive, because it does not refer to any definite person. Apellius, ApelUa, nomina: I. R. N. 5716 (Aequicoli, Trib, Valeria). 330 Apello — ApSrio, Apello, -Is, -ere, to drive away : Itala lohann. 6. 37 (RSnsch I. V. p. 182). Apenarius, -i, subst. m. : Treb. PoUio Gallienus 8. 3 Cyclopea luserunt omnes apenarii. Georges takes the meaning to be ' clowns, jesters,' from apina ; is it not rather from the Greek ani\vi\, drivers of war-chariots ? Apeninus (so C. I. L. i. 199. 18, 117 b. c, and the Verona, fragm. of Verg. A. 12. 703, but the best MSS. of Vergil also give Appenninus), name of the mountain-chain running from end to end of the Italian peninsula : Plin. 3. 48, and often in literature. As adj., C. I. L. 8. 7961 (Prov. Numidia) lovi 0. M. Appennino; Vopisc. Firm. 3. 4 sortes Apeninae (oracles given in that mountain). Aperio, -ui, -pertum, -perire, fut. aperibo Plaut. True. 763 R; Pompon. 173, but usualy aperiam. Johann Schmidt (Zur Geschichte des Indog. Vokalismus 2. p. 127) connects it with Oscan and Umbrian vera-, a door, the base of which appears in several Slavonic languages, ap-uer-w, opp. to op-uer-io. I am disposed to assume a base ap- meaning light, comp. Aprib's apricus and perhaps Aperta = Apollo. 1. To open anything closed, often with dat. of the person or thing for which an opening is made. (a) Plaut. Trin. 400 ostium; and so elsewhere in Plaut.; Ter. Ad. 634 aperito aliquis ostium; and elsewhere in Ter. ; Varro L. L. 5. I. 13 curia Calabra sine calatione potest aperiri; Cic. Att. II. 9. I aperire litteras; Mil. 85 oculos; Phil. 3. 32 portas taeter- rimis fratribus, and often elsewhere; Caes. C. i. 14 aperta sanctiore aerario; ^tx%.K. 2. 2 ^dfatis aperit Cassandra futuris Ora; 7.570 pestiferas aperit fauces; so Ov. M. ig. 557 oraque Venturis aperire recentia fatis, elsewhere Ov. has aperire domos, fores ; Tac. has ap. armamentarium, domus, horrea, venas, campum, portum ; Plin. 12. 40 florem aperire (of a tree), and so frequently in all Latin. Verg. A. I. 146 vastas aperit Syrtes (as Servius says, ideo quia harenarum congerie impediente praeclusae ad navigandum erant; but Nonius takes it here as =placat). So Cic. Arch. 21 populus Romanus aperuit, Lucullo navigante, P on turn; Li v. 32. 14. s^ faucibus quas fuga hostium aperuerat; Plin. 2. 122 ver ergo aperit navigantibus maria. (ta) Of an institution, to open for use : Cic. Fam. 9. 18. i Dionysius dicitur Corinthi . . . ludum aperuisse; Li v. i. 8. 5 locum . . . asylum aperit; Prop. 2. 31. 2 porticus a magna Caesar e aperta fuit; Suet. Gramm. 16 schalam aperuit. (c) Poet., Verg. G. i. 217 candidus auratis aperit cum cornibus annum Taurus; so Plin. Pan. 58 aperire annum et fastas reserare. 2. Met., Cic. Verr. Apgno. 331 5. 181 locum suspicioni aut crimini ; Marcell. 2 meae pristinae vitae consuetudinem . . . interclusam aperuisH; elsewhere he says aperire fores amicitiae, rem familiarem, f antes philosophiae; Liv. 42. 52. 14 qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum; Tac. H. 2. 71 ut Valenti et Caecinae vacuos honoris menses aperiret; 2. 77 aperiet et recludet (? rescindetT) contecta et tumescentia victricium partium vulnera ; 3.21 is terror ohstructas mentes consiliis ducis aperuit; A. 2. 70 si mors Germanici Syriam aperuisset; Agr. 22 tertitts expeditionum annus novas gentes aperuit ; G. i gentibus quibusdam quas bellum aperuit. 3. To open, i.e. make by opening. (a) C. I. L. i. 577. i. 11 (Lex Parieti Faciundo, 105 b. c.) in eo pariete medio ostiei lumen aperito; Lucr. I. 373 liquidas aperire vias ; 6. 1050 vias apertas ; Cic. Fam. 6. II. 2 aperuit virtus tibi reditum ad tuos ; Sail. C. 58. 1 ferro iter aperiundum est; Verg. A. 11. 884 aperire viam sociis; Liv. 6. 2. 10 viam incendio; Tiberius ap. Sueton. Tib. 28 si hanc fenestram aperueritis ; Petron. 79 quae aperiret iter errantibus; Tac. G. 16 subterraneos specus. (b) Met., Liv. 4. 53. 9 occasionem aperuere ad invadendum ; 9. 27. 2 si qui motus occasionem aperiret. 4. To disclose, reveal, uncover. (a) Plaut. Ps. 840 R ubi omnes patinae fervont, omnes aperio; Lex Rep. C. I. L. i. 198. 52 earn sortem ex hac lege apertam bracioque aperto . . . adferto; Afran. io0 aperto capite ; Turpil. 46 apertae surae ; so Varro Eum. 4 ; Lucr. 5. 778 aperto lumine; Cic. Phil. 2. 77 caput aperuit; Plane. 16/rontes; Sull. 88 imagines; N. D. 2. 52 (of a star) se aperiendo; Verg. A. 3. 275 et formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo; i. 106 his unda dehiscens Terram inter fluctus aperit; 6. 406 ramum; 3. 206 aperire procul monies ; 8. 6&1 patriumque aperitur vertice sidus; 7-448 tantaque se fades aperit; Ov. M. 2. 339 aperto pectore ; 13. 688 apertae pectora matres. (b) Of thoughts, facts, etc., to disclose, reveal, sometimes followed by a verbal clause: Plaut. Men. 733 R aperiam tua flagitia; Ter. And. 632 se aperiunt (disclose their true nature); Cic. Mil. 44 quid cogitaret aperire ; Cluent. 66 omnia . . . sic ape- riam; elsewhere Cic. has aperire bonorum emptionem,fontem sceleris, totam vitam, rem, etc. ; so Sail. C. 40 coniurationem ; 41 rem omnem ; 47 omnia uti gesta erant; I. 33 socios sceleris sui; Cic. Att. 5. i.ide Oppio factum est ut volui, et maxime quod DCCC aperuisti (that you opened to him the view of, i.e. promised him); Liv. i. 5. 6 Romulo rem aperit; 3. 15. 9 lux deinde aperuit bellum ducemque belli; 4. 12. 10 aperiret magis quam levaret inopiam; Ov. M. 15. 559 casus futures; 8. 706 iudicium superis; A. A. 3. 371 studioque aperimur in ipso ; Tac. Agr. 38 proximus dies faciem victoriae 2^i Aperio. lah'us aperuit; H. 4. 29 sic exhausta node novam aciem dies ape- ruit; and Tac. uses the word in a great number of connexions, e. g. ambages, cogitationes, secreta, sententiam, nodurnos visus, in- sidias, iram, verum, iussa imperatoris ; with ace. and inf. : parari rebellionem, apertum esse. So frequently in Latin. 5. To explain, make clear: Plaut. Trin. 17 senes qui hue venient, ii rem vobis aperient; Cist. i. i. 3 id mihi hodie aperuistis; Pacuv. 364 Graiugena ; de istoc aperit ipsa or alio; Pompon. i'73 aperibo, non possum pati; Varro L. L. 5. i. 8 aperire coepit {philosophia) quae in consuetudine communi essent; 5. 6. 37 verborum causas aperuerit; Cic. Fin. 4. 67 aperiuntur dubia perspicuis; i. 30 occulta quaedam et quasi dubia aperiri; Prop. 4. 10. i lovis causas aperire Feretri. 6. Part. pass, apertus, as adj. comp., sup. apertior, apertissimus. (a) Open, free, of space, of places, or of things: Cic. Dom. no aditus apertus in templum Castoris; Phil. 14. 17 cursus ad laudem; Verr. 4. 3 domus . . . nostris hominibus apertissima; 4. no in aperto et propatulo loco; Phil. 2. 58 aperta ledica ; Caes. G. 7. 22 cuniculus; elsewhere he joins it with locus, litus, mare, collis, campi, Oceanus ; G. 3. 8 apertus impetus maris (open space of the sea) ; Lucr. 6. 698 mari aperto; Verg. G. 2. H2 colles; A. 11. 904 saltus; elsewhere he has ap. aether, campus, caelum, pelagus, aequor ; G. i. 393 aperta serena ; Tac. Agr. 10 vasto atque aperto mari; A. 4. 67 aperto pelago ; H. 3. 21 apertus limes (opposed to densa arbustd); elsewhere he joins it with colles, planities, spatia; n. pi., G. 16 aperta populatur; A. i. 56 aperta populatus; i. 51 hostem redigunt in aperta; i. 6S enisae legiones in aperta et solida; 2. 23 in aperta Oceani leaves disiecit). (ta) Of ships, open, without decks : Cic. Verr. 5. 104; Script. Bell. Al. 11. 13; Liv. 31. 22. 8. (c) Exposed, unprotected: Caes. C. 2. 35 umerus; G. 7. 25 apertos (i.e. milites); so Caes. often uses latus apertum of the unprotected flank of an army; e.g. G. 7. 50 ab latere aperto; Cic. Verr. 4. 42 istius cupiditati apertissimum ; Verg. A. 10. 314 latus; 11. 666 pectus; Tac. H. 2. 21 aperti incautique muros subiere. (d) Met., of the senses or feelings, open: Quint, i. 2. 28 parum apertos ad percipiendum animos; Tac. H. 3. 10 uni Antonio apertae militum aures. (e) Met., of things, clear, obvious, open, manifest : Lucr. 4. 596 res cernere apertas; 2. \Z2 faciemus aperta; 4. 467 res secernere apertas Ab dubiis; Varro L. L. 5. 84 partim sunt aperta, partim obscura; ib. 7. 103; constantly in Cic, e.g. Rose. Am. 95 ita aperta et manifesta; ib. 116 multa apertior a videant necesse est; Verg. A. 9. 663; II. 360 aperta pericula; Quint. 3. 6. 23 cuius Aperta. 333 (peril) apertus intelledus est; Tac. A. 4. 67 aperta seer eta, velut in annates referebat. (f) With ace. and inf., apertum est, it is obvious: Cic. Fin. 5. 44; Tac. A. 13. i venenum inter epulas datum apertius est quam ut fallerent. (g) Avowed : Prop. 4. 3. 49 aperto in coniuge. (h) Undisguised, open : so very common : Cic. has aperta audacia, hlanditiae, consensio, circumscriptio mulierum, cupidi- tas,/urtum, ininiicitiae ; Tac. aperta vi, apertiore fama ; aperta odia, consensio; A. 2. 67 apertiore custodia; and so other good authors. (i) Of narrative, statement, or style, clear, lucid, intelligible : Cic. Inv. I. 29 aperta nar ratio; Dom. 41 a« etiam apertius aliquod ius populi {cleaitxl); Quint. 4. 2. 36 narratio aperta atque dilucida; 9. 4. 125 aperta {periodos') ut intellegi possit, and often in Quint, (k) Of persons and characters, open, outspoken, undisguised : Cic. Mur. 51 a^ semper fuit apertissimus ; Phil. 2. iii apertiorem in dicendo; Verr. Act. i. 5 apertus in corripiendis pecuniis ; Cluent. 48 quis apertior in iudicium adductus est} Sest. 35 aperti hostes. 7. Adv., aperte. (a) Openly, undisguisedly : Ter. And. 493 quam tam aperte fallere incipias dolis; Ph. 956 tarn aperte inridens; Sail. I. 20. 7 aperte totius Numidiae imperium petere; 40. 2 aperte resistere non poterant; in Cic. passim, e. g. N. D. i. 11 nullam rem aperte iudicandi; Tac. H. 3. 3 aperte descendisse in causam vide- hatur; A. 11. 28 aperte fremere ; H. 3. 52 fidos apertius monuit; A. 3. 4 clamitahant promptius apertiusque. (b) Clearly, in- telligibly; Naev. Trag. 67 aperte dice; Ter. Heaut. 702 aperte, ita ut res se habet, narrato; And. 195 aperte dice; so Pacuv. 7 ; Lucil. 28. 9 minitari; Lucr. 2. ;i4i nee apparet aperte; Cic. Quint. 89 qu^d aperte vetaret, and often in Cic. 8. Neut. apertum, -i, as subst., the open, an open space, mostly with prepositions. In aperto is very common: Lucr. 6. 817 expiratque foras in apertum; 3. 588 in aperto; Hor. 3. C. 12. 10 per apertum; Liv. 35. 5. 3 ex aperto; 22. 4. 3 in aperto; Tac. H. 2. 3 in aperto madescunt (and often in Tac); 3. 23 ut tela vacuo atque aperto excute- rentur. Met., Sail. I. 5. 3 quo ad cognoscendum omnia magis in aperto sint; Tac. H. 4. 4 invidia in occulta, adulatio in aperto erat ; Agr, I agere digna memoratu pronum magisque in aperto erat (more open to a man, easier); Agr. 33 veniunt, e latehris juis extrusi, et Dota virtusque in aperto (are in the open before us) ; H. 3. 56 cum transgredi Appenninum . . . et fessos inopia hostes adgredi in aperto erat (was the easy or obvious course). Aperta, name of Apollo: Paulus p. 22 M; perhaps connected with aperio, Aprilis, and apricus. 234 Aperticius — Apex. Aperticius : Gloss. Epinal. 5. A. 20 ' aperticius ' asperens (probably for aperiens). Apertilis, -e (aperio), open: Glossae Nominum p. 15 Lowe; Gloss. Cyrill. avoutros, apertilis, apertus. Apertio, -onis, subst. f., {aperio), an opening. 1. Varro R. R. I. 63. I recenti apertione, and in later writers, as Pallad. and the Vulgate. 2. As t. t. in Medicine, = Greek avaronia, opening a body : Gael. Aur. Acut. i. 8. 57 ; elsewhere he has it of opening a dead body. An opening, relaxation : Gael. Aur. Chron. 3. 8. 1 13 «/ lacerantior et corporis apertionibus efficax . . . maritimus aer. 3. In connection with religion, the solemn opening of a temple : Apul. M. 11. 20 maiutinas apertiones; 11. 22 ritu sollemni apertionis; Serv. (Dan.) A. 4. 301 moveri sacra dicebantur, cum solkmnibus diebus aperiebantur templa instaurandi sacrificii causa . . . hoc vulgo apertiones appellant. 4. Applied to baptism as a description : Ambros. de Sacr. i . i . Apertius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 8822 (Altinum) ; and elsewhere in inscr. Apertivus, -a, -um [aperio^, 1. 1. in Medicine = dva(rT0fiaTiK6s, exciting : Gael. Aur. Acut. 3. 4. 40. Aperto, -as, freq. of aperio. 1. To uncover : Plaut. Men. 910 R quaeso, cur apertas bracchiumi 2. Met., to reveal: Arnob. 2. 2 (conj. Heraldus) vota immortalitatis apertaret. Apertiilarius, one who breaks open a door : Gloss. Philox., Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 52. Apertura, -ae, subst. f. {aperio). 1. An opening : Vitruv. 4. 6. 6 of doors, aperturas habent in exteriores partes (are opened outwards). 2. Conor., an opening, hole : Viiruv. 10. 9. 2 re- lictis semipedalibus aperturis : hauriendo per aperturas ; 10. 13. 5, 5. 5. 1, and elsewhere. Of an opening or cut in a garment : Edict. Diocl. 7. 49. 50 aperturae cum subsutura holosericae. 3. A breach : Itala Amos 4. 3 ; Vulg. Amos 9. 11. Apex, -icis : subst. m. 1. In its oldest use it seems to have been applied to a point with the appearance of a rod [virgd) which rose from the top of the flamen's cap : Serv. A. 2. 683 apex proprie dicitur in summo flaminis pilleo virga lanata, hoc est in cuius extremitate modica lana est; Suet. ib. (dixit) apicem pilleum sutile circa medium, virga eminente; Serv. A. 10. 271 apex virga quae in summo pilleo flaminum lana circumdata et file colligata erat; comp. Isid. Or. 19. 30. 5, who, like Suet. 1. c, applies it to the cap Apex. 235 itself: Paul. p. 18 M apex qui est sacerdotum instgne. C. I. L. i. 33 (c. 210 B.C.) quel apice instgne Dialis flaminis gesisiei; Fabius Pictor ap. Gell. 10. 15. 17 ; Lucil. 9. 61 hinc ancilia, ab hoc apices capidasque repertas; Verg. A. 8. 664; Liv. 6. 41. 9; and in other writers. 2. The emblem of kingship : Cic. Legg. 1. ^ ab aquila Tarquinio apicem impositum; Hor. 3. C. 21. 20 regum apices; I. 34. 14 hinc apicem rapax Fortuna cum stridore acuto Sustulit. 3. The part of a helmet in which the crest was inserted : Verg. A. 10. 270 ardet apex capiti, where Seiv. says apex est coni altitudo; 12. 492 apicem tamen incita summum Hasta tulit. 4. The crest of a bird : Plin. 11. 121 nee nisi volucribus apices. 5. In general, a pointed top or summit : Varro R. R. i. 48. i apex grant arista; Verg. A. 7. 66 of a tree ; A. 2. 683 of a ^zxor, fundere lumen apex; Ov. M. 10. 2>j^ flamma apicem duxit; Stat. Ach. i. ^21 flammarum apices ; Val. Fl. 3. 189 ; of a hill, Ov. M. 7. 779, 13. 910 apicem collectus in unum; of a sickle. Col. 4. 25. i eiusque velut apex pronus imminens mucro vacatur; luv. 12. 72, of a moun- tain, sublimis apex; and elsewhere in the poets in this general sense. 6. Met. (from the insigne of priest and king), the crown : Cic. Sen. 60 apex est senectutis auctoritas ; Stat. Theb. 10. 782 nam spiritus olim Ante lovem et summis apicem sibi poscit in astris; Arnob. often uses it in this sense; C. I. L. 6. 1779 (Rome, 387 A. D.) apex supremus virtutis. Height or exaltation of office : Cod. Theod. 8. 15. 6 sub quoque apice potestatis ; C. I. L. 6. 1784 (Rome, 400 A. D.) apex praetorianae praefecturae. 7. As t. t. of Grammar, a mark (') or accent put over a syllable to denote its length: Quint, i. 4. 10 velut apice utebantur; ib. i. 7. 2 ; Scaurus Orth. p. 18. 33 K ; and other grammarians. 8. A stroke or point, such e. g. as turns C into G : Ps. Probus Exc. Nom. p. 215 K. 9. A point of a letter: Gell. 13. 31. 10 vix ipsos litter arum apices potui comprehendere; 17. 9. 12 membra litte- rarum atque apices in partes diversissimas spargebat ; Amm. 15. 5.12 apicum pristinorum reliquias. 10. Of authoritative writings or rescripts: apices = litterae ; Ps. Probus De Nom. Exc. p. 215 K cum vera pluralem (dicimus, apex) indicat nomen, cuius locutio in consuetudine est, quando dicimus divinos apices, et significamus lit- teras ; so not unfrequently in legal Latin, apices Augusti = imperial rescripts, and sometimes also of sacred books : see Ronsch I. V. p. 328. 11. Met., a small point : Ulp. Dig. 17. i. 29. 4 apices iuris; Arnob. 3. i apex ullus ullius quaestionis; Vulg. Matt. 5. 18; Luc. 16. 17 ' tittle.' (It is possible that, as in other cases, two dis- 236 Apexabo — Apinor. tinct words have been confused : ap-ex, from ap-, to bind, a bit of twisted wool, and ap-ex, a flame, from ap-, light : see Aperio.) Apexabo, apexavo, or apexao : a sausage with the end tied up into a point (apex): so explained by Varro L. L. 5. iii. In Arnob. 7. 24 Reiiferscheid reads apexaones (pi.). (The ending -abo or -avo may be a slang suffix, as Varro L. L. mentions another kind of sausage called longavo, from longus) Aphdrismus, -i {a(fiopiaii6i), 1. 1. of Medicine, a prescription : Gael. Aur. Acut. 3. i. 5; Isid. Or. 4. 10. i (referring to medicine) aphorismus est sermo brevis, integrum sensum propositae ret scribens. Aphrodisiacum metrmn, the choriambic trimeter. Mar. Vict. p. 86 K. Apiaster, -ri, masc. form of apiastrum : Prise, i. p. 127 K. Apiata (sc. aqua), water flavoured with parsley: Cass. Felix 59. p. 148 (Paucker). Apioa (fern, from lost adj. apicus, bald), defined by Varro R. R. 2.2.3, Paul. p. 25 M, and Plin. 8. 198 as ovis quae ventrem glabrum habet. (The name Apicius is probably derived from apicus, which seems to have meant uncovered, and may be connected with aperio : comp. the connexion of opacus with operio^ Apiciosus, bald: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 424 'apiciosus^ calvus, calvaster. Apidius, Apidia, nomina: C. I. L. 5. 4233 (Brixia); 6. 1837 (Rome); I. R. N. 4355 (Aquinum); and elsewhere in inscr. Apienmus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 3. 2736 (Dalmatia). Apillius, Apillia, nomina: C. I. L. g. 17 71 (Forum lulium) ; 8452 (Aquileia). Aplna, -ae, is said to be the name of a town in Apulia : Plin. 3. 104; subst. f, a trifle : Gloss. Philox. apinae, (pdvvm; Mart. i. 113. 2, 14. I. 7 (applied to his poems). Apinae tricaeque -^zs, a pro- verbial expression for trifles. (Ribbeck thinks that Apinae is a mere popularisation of the Greek proverb os ' K^ivvas," K^avvai\i&ng a comical name formed from dtpaves : and that trica is a misforma- tion from the Greek ace. rplxa.) Apinius, Apinia, nomina: C. I. L. 5. 970 (Aquileia); 1845, 1862 (lulium Carnicum) ; the last 373 a. d. Apinor, -aria, verb. dep. den. from apina, to trifle : Exc. Charis. quoted in a note to Dositheus p. 58 K apinor, elKai6KoyS> (of doubt- ful authority). Apiolae — Apluda. 237 Apldlae, -arum, name of a Latin town : Liv. i. 35. 7; Plin. 3. 70. Apiseor, -i, aptus sum : and very rarely apisco. Inceptive from apo. A. Act., apisco, to get, acquire : Plant. Trin. 367 non aetate verum ingenio apiscitur sapientia; Fannius ap. Prise, i. p. 380 haec apiscuntur ; Fabius Maximus ib. amitii quam apisci. B. Dep., apiseor : part, apiscendus used passively. Inf. sometimes apiscier. 1. To get hold of: so (in space) to come up with, overtake, catch, of persons : to get as far as, of places : Plaut. Epid. 668 R sine modo me hominem apisci; Accius 436 R advorsum apius alter in promptu occupat; Sisenna ap. Non. p. 68 itaque postero die legatos Iguvium redeuntes apiscitur; Cic. Att. 8. 14. 3 apiscendi maris (of getting to the sea) ; Lucr. 5. 808 uteri terram radicihus apfi (catching hold of) ; met., ib. i. 448 ratione animiquam quisquam possit apisci ; 6. 1235 nullo cessabant tempore apisci Ex aliis alios avidi contagia morbi. . 2. Met., to get hold of, obtain (Paul, p. II 'apisci' pro ' adipisci' ; so Nonius p. 74): in various con- nexions: Plaut. Capt. 775 R keredifatem sum aptus; Plaut. Epit. ap. Gell. I. 24. '^ postquam est mortem apius Plautus ; Pacuv. 168 qtiod ego bellando aptus sum ; Ter. Heaut. 693 deorum vitam apti sumus ; Lucil. 29. 14 ut si quod concupisset non aptus foret ; Catull. 64. 145 aliquid . . . praegestit apisci; Serv. Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4. 5. 6 magnam laudem ; Liv. 4. 3. 7 spes apiscendi summi hotwris. Tac. is fond of the word ; he joins it with summa, honores,/avorem, jlaminium, potentiam, ius, praemia, imperium, decus; A. 6. 20 artis Chaldaeorum . . . apiscendae (acquiring); in A. 6. 45 he uses it with the gen., dum dominationis apisceretur ; so adipiscor A. 12. 30. .3. Special instances: Plaut. Rud. 17 litem apisci {io gain a suit); Ter. Ph. 406 de eadem causa bis iudicium apiscier (so Bentley), to get the same cause tried twice. Apisius, Apisia, nomina : C. I. L. 5. 549 (Trieste) ; 5947 (Milan); I. R. N. 5810 (Amiternum); and other inscriptions. Apius, masc. form oi apium, parsley: Apic. 3. 65, 4. 181 ; Veg. Vet. 3. II. I ; Pallad. 5. 3. 2. Apluda, -ae, spelt ablunda in the Liber Glossarum and Balliol Glossary; also apluna: subst. f., chaff: Paul. p. 10 M 'apluda' est genus minutissimae paleae frumenti sive panici, de qua Naevius ' non hercle apluda est hodie quam tu nequior' ; Gell. 11. 7. 5 = Non. p. 70 ' apludam,' veteres rusticos frumenti dixisse furfurem, idque a Plauto in comoedia, si ea Plauti est, quae Astraba inscripta est, positum esse; Plin. 18. 99 mili et panici ef sesamae purgamenta ad- asS Apludus — Apo. pludam vacant, et alibi aliis nominibus. Comp. Placidus p. 8 D, and Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 142. Another explanation of the word made it = a very delicate kind of drink: Paul. p. 10 sunt qui ' apludam ' sorbitionis liquidissimum putent genus. Apludus, praen. m. : C. I. L. 3. 2773 (Dalmatia). Apliistre, pi. -ifii, abl. sing, -i, and aplustrum, pi. -a, abl. -is (Prise. I. p. 350 K) : according to Paul. p. 10 M also called am- plustre; subst. n., defined by Schol. luv. 10. 136 as tabulatum ad decorandam superficiem navis adpositum ; but others, he goes on to say, identified it with rostra. Munro on Lucr. 2. 556 defines it as ' a fan-like erection of planks arising above the poop of a ship ' ; so Mayor on luv. 10. 136. Ennius quoted by Gloss. Philox., which says aplustra, urtphv nXoiov, i)s 'Ewios • Cic. Arat. fr. 22 navibus absumptis fluitantia guaerere aplustra; so Lucr. 2. 565 J Lucr. 4. ^yi fradis . . . aplustris; Lucan 3. 585 audax aplustre retentat; ib. 672 validis aplustre lacertis . . . rotant ; Sil. lo. 324 laceroque aplustria veto; 14. 422 tor quel . . . Poenorum aplustribus ignes; luv. 10. 136 aplustre. (The Latinised form of the Greek aipXaarov. The form amplustre may have been a scholar's fiction, or due to false analogy.) Apo, -is, and aplo, -ere, to take hold of, to bind, fasten : Paul, p. 18 M comprehendere antiqui vinculo ' apere' dicebant ; so Serv. A. lo. 270; the imper. ape, according to Paul. p. 22, meant compesce; originally ' hold him fast ' ; Isid. Or. 19. 30. 5, has the form apio : apex . . . appellatus ab apiendo, id est Uganda. The glosses * ape ' prohibe (Paulus 1. c), ape koKvo-ov, apet dwocroPei (Gloss. Philox.) point to another apo, if indeed they are not corrupt for abhibe. Part, pass, aptus. 1. Bound, tied : sometimes abs., bound together, connected (Nonius p. 234 'aptum' . . . canexum et conligatum): sometimes with abl. of the thing by which the binding is effected ; sometimes with ex and abl., bound from, depending from, con- nected with : Enn. A. 344 vinclis venatica . . . Apta canis ; Lucil. 10. 4 tonsillas funibus aptas; Cic. Tusc. 5. 62 gladium e lacunari saeta equina apfum ; Lucr. 2. 479 rem quae Ex hoc apta fidem ducat (depending on) ; 4. 829 bracchia . . . validis ex apta lacertis; 4. 1258 seminibus commisceri genitaliter apta; 6. 1067 inter se singlariter apta; 3. 839 quibus e sumus uniter apti; Cic. N. D. i. 9 aptae inter se omnes res; 3. 4 apta inter se et cahaerentia; 2. 115 ita cohaeret mundus . . . ut nihil ne excogitari quidem possit aptius ; Sail. Hist. 3. ap. Non. p. 234 non aptis armis . . . sed laxiare agmine; Cic. Caecin. 52 non ex verbis aptum pendere ius. 2. Fitted Aptus. 239 with a thing (with abl.), so furnished with : Enn. A. 30. 162 axem stellis fulgentibus aptum ; ib. 343 nox stellis ardentibus apta ; Trag. 410 O Fides alma, apta pinnis ; Ace. 660 columen alae cornibus ap- tpm. ; Lucil. 30. 4 clinas restibus aptas ; Lucr. 6. 357 stellis fulgenti- bus apta . . . caeli domus ; 5. 1428 veste Purpurea atque auro sig- nisque ingentihus apta ; Varro Dolium aut Seria, limbus stellis aptus ; Mutuum Muli, lucus teneris Jruiicibus aptus ; Caes. C. 3. 1 1 1 triremes omnes et quinqueremes aptae instructaeque omnibus rebus ad navigandum ; Verg. A. 4. 482 stellis ardentibus aptus; 11. 202 caelum stellis ardentibus aptum. Aptus, as adj., comp. and sup. aptior, aptissimus, adv. apte, aptius, aptissime : fit, suitable, well adapted, convenient : abs., and followed by ad or by the dat. : so passim in Latin : sometimes also followed by in with ace, or by a verbal clause introduced by a relative: poet, with inf. 1. Abs. (a) Lucil. 13. 7 mensam apte instructam; Cic. N. D. 2. 37 undiqtu aptum atque perfectum expletumque ; Sail. H. 3. 71 non aptis armis ; so CatuU. 28. 2 aptis sarcinulis et expeditis (handy) ; Cic. Att. 11. 5. 2 aptum deversorium (convenient); Fin. 3. 17 aptas malit et integras omnes partes cor- poris quam eodem usu imminutas aut detortas habere ; elsewhere he has aptis et accommodatis locis ; quid aptum sit, id est quid maxime deceat : nihil fieri potest nee commodius nee aptius : aptis et accommo- datis locis : aptum et congruens : apte numeroseque dicere : quid eorum apte fiat; Verr. 4. 54 ita apte includebat; Gael. 69 in istam apte quadrare; Lucr. 4. 669 cetera sint magis apta ; so Quint, often has aptum atque conveniens, apte dicere, and the like ; Tac. H. i. 69 apta trepidatione (conveniently put on) ; D. 2 2 pauci sensus apte terminantes; 31 apti loci; and so in all Latin. (b) Complete, finished: Cic. De Or. i. 132 ego neminem nee motu corporis neque ipso habitu atque forma aptiorem . . . mihi videor audisse ; Parad. 3. 26 vita, quae omni gestu moderatior, et omni versu aptior esse debet. (c) Of style, exact, close: Cic. De Or. 2. 56 Thucydides . . . verbis est Optus acpressus : comp. Brut. 145 verbis erat ad rem cum summa brevitate mirabiliter aptus. (d) Apt, clever : Tac. H. 2. 5 aptior sermone. (e) Kindly, accommodating: Hor. 2. S. 5. 43 amicis aptus. 2. Followed by ad, dat., in with ace, or verbal clause, (a) Of persons, fit, suited ; where conduct is in question, naturally fitted for, made for : Cic. Lael. 4 nulla aptior . . . persona quae . . . loqueretur ; Caes. G. 5. 16 nostras . . . minus aptos esse ad huius generis hostem; 7. 22 Galli . . .genus . . . ad omnia imitanda et efficienda aptissimum ; Script. Bell. Al. 7 hoc genus . . . aptissimum ad pro- 34° Apocha — Apoderinus. ditionem; Cic. Verr. 2. 134 Timarchiden ad eius libidines . . . natum atque aptum. fuisse ; Fam. 13. 16. i ad eius optima studia vehemenier aptus; Ps. Tib. 4. 63 (Pan. Messalae) {Circe) apta . . . mutare ; Ov. M. 14. 'jC^ybrmas deus aptus in omnes ; Liv. 38. 21. ^ genus pugnae in quod mininie apti sunt; 2. 23. 15 Servilius, lenioribus remediis aptior \ Tac. A. 5. 2 aptus adliciendis feminarum animis. Strong enough to bear a thing, a match for it: Hon i. S. 3. 29 minus aptus acutis Naribus horum hominum ; so Ps. Acron, who says ne possit derideniium urhanitatem . . . sustinere; i. Epist. 20. 24 solibus aptum; so in medicine, Celsus 2. 12 ut aptus tali curationi sit; 7. 14 tali curationi neque infans neque aut robustis annis aut senex aptus est. (b) Of things, fit: Lucr. 6. 961 rebus sint omnibus apta; Caes. C. I. 30 omnia sibi esse ad bellum apta ac parata ; 2. 37 castra ad bellum ducendum aptissima ; 3. i hoc ad debitorum tuendam exis- timationem esse aptissimum ; so Cic. passim with arfand with dat. ; Ov. A. A. I. 10 aetas mollis et apta regi; Her. 3. 70 est mihi quae lanas molliat apta manus. (c) With dat. of person ; suited to : Caes. G. 3. 13 reliqua pro loci naiura . . . illis essent aptior a et accommo- datiora; Cic. Phil. 3. 24 provincia quae cuique apta erat; TuU. 18 arma quae cuique habilia atque apta essent; Liv. 32. 17. 12 aptius hosti genus armorum pugnaeqtie ; and often elsewhere in Lat. (d) Especially in Medicine, of remedies and treatment (see Duntze in the Neue Jahrbiicher, 1876, vols. 113, 114, p. 6). (a) Abs., Cels. 6. 7. 2 apta compositio est; i. 3 omnibus fatigatis aptum est cibum sumere. (/3) With dat. : Cels. 2. 33 quae his morbis apta sunt; 2, 24 stomacho apta sunt; and so elsewhere; with ad, Cels. 5. 20, 5. 18. I. (7) With dat., of the result to be produced : Cels. 2. 32 somno aptum est papaver ; and so elsewhere. Apdcha, -ae {Arroxri), a receipt or acknowledgment of payment : C. I. L. 6. 1785 (Rome, 400 a. d.) apoca, apocis ; and in legal Latin. Ap6clio, -as {apocha), to exact money for goods (so Dirksen ex- plains it) : Cod. Theod. 11. 2. i, 8; 11. 30. i ; 14. 5. 15. ApSehyma, -atis {aTroxvixa), pitch scraped off the hulls of ships : Veget. Vet. 3. S4 al. Apocllsis, ace. -in {anoRKiiiis), a diversion or turning aside of an argument : Charis. p. 286 K. Apdculo, -as (? abSculo), to put out of sight : Patron. 62 apocu- lamus nos; 67 ego me apoculo. ApSderinus, made of the peeled kernels of nuts : Apic. 2. 53 apoderinum insicium (conj. Schuch), Apoecides — Apostrophe. 241 Apoecldes (ojroiKiSijt), n. p. in Plautus' Epidicus. Ap61ensis (for Apul-), of Apulum in Dacia : C. I. L. 5. 8659 (Concordia). ApoUinaris : the neut. Apollinare is used as = the temple of Apollo in Sacra Argeorum, quoted by Varro L. L. 5. 52 ; Liv, 3. 63- 7- Apdphdreta, -ae (anoopitTT)s), a flat dish: Isid. Or. 20. 4. 12. Apdphdretleus {aito^opr)TiK6s), of the nature of an apophoretwn : Symmach. Epist. 5. 56 (54) apophoreticum Uhrarum argenti duarum (a present). ApdphysiB, -is, abl. -i, subst. f. (a.iTas Tirlvvtos; GIoss. ap. Lowe P. G. p. 191 ' aptra folia vitis. . . _ Aptronius — Aqiulinitas. 2,55 Aptronius and Aptronla, nomina: C. I. L. i. 8i, 82 (Latium, very ancient). Apiia {a2 neque in gestu persequemur Arguto — Arieto. 377 omnes argutias. (d) So of nimble motion : Diom. p. 300 K vicino aere pectoris argutia verberato. (e) Niceties, delicacies, refinements: Plin. 35. 117 argutiae facetissimi salts ; 34. 65 ar- gutiae operum custoditae in minimis quoque rebus. (f) As applied to style (with the same meaning) : Cic. Brut. 167 huius orationes tantum argutiarum, tantum urbanitatis habent, ut paene Attico stilo scriptae esse videantur; Orat. no Demosthenes . . . nihil argutiis et acumine Hyperidi . . . cedit. 2. Cleverness, acuteness: Cic, Lael. 45 nihil est quod illi (Graeci) non persequantur argutiis ; Legg. 1. 1 cuius {Macri) loquacitas habetaliquid argutiarum; Apul. M. i. i modo si papyrum Aegyptia argutia Nilotici calami inscriptam ; Cell. 3. I. 6 numquam . . . tarn impor tuna tamqu^ audaci argutia fuitnoster Probus ut, etc.; Pallad. 14 pr. argutia famulorum. Argute, -as [argutus), to chatter. 1. With ace. of the thing about which: Prop. i. 6. 7 toiis argutat noctibus ignes ; Petron. 46 quid iste argutat molestus } ^*i tu nee mu nee ma argutas. 2. More frequently in deponent form argutor, to play the argutus, or clever person : inf. -arier. Plant., Enn., Nov. 1. c. : Plant. Amph. 349 "S^pergin argutarier (to show off) ; Enn. Tr. 345 exerce linguam melius ut argutarier possis. 3. To chatter : Nov. 26 alii cum tacent, totum diem Argutatur quasi cicada ; so perhaps Lucil. 29. 36. 4. Comically, pedibus argutarier, to be so clever with your feet : Titin. 28 terra haec est, non aqua, ubi tu solitus argutarier Pedibus, cretam dum condepsis. Aridus, of a harsh sound as of breaking or tearing : Lucr. 6, iig aridus unde aures terget sonus ilk; Varro Manius 10 tonat aridum; Verg. G. i. 357 aridus altis Montibus audiri fragor; Terent. Maurus p. 332 v. 226 K aridum sonorem. Arietillus, -i, subst. m. dim. from aries, a little ram, restored by certain conj. in Petron. 39. Arietinus : in Gell. 3. 3. 8 the reading arietinum oraculum is extremely doubtful. Hertz now prints Arretinum. Arieto, -are, verb den. from aries ; 3rd pers. pres. ind. scanned dryetat Verg. A. 11. 890. 1. To rush like a ram, butt: Plant. True. 256 R in nostras aedes arietat ; Ace. Brut. 24 in me arietare; Verg. A. 11. 890 arietat in portas. 2. Abs., to come into collision: Plin. 2. 198 concurrentia tecta tontrario ictu arietant; Sen. Ep. 107. 2 labaris oportet et arietes et cadas; It. 2. 3. 3 antequam inter se acies arietarent. Trans., to dash down : Curt. 9. 7. 22 quern . . . arietavit in terram; Sen.Ep. 56. 13 arietata 378 Ariga — Aristophaneus. inter se arma ; Ir. 3.4. 2 dentium inter se arietatorum ; Tranq. i. 1 1 animam insolitam arietari. Ariga, or aruga, -ae, subst. f. : in some texts spelt ariuga, arviga and harviga : a horned sheep. The MSS. of Varro L. L. 5. 98 and Velius Longus p. 73 K give ariuga or arviga ; but Velius Longus 1. c. seems to have meant ariga, as he says ' arispex ' ab ' ariuga ' (' ariga ') quae est hostia, non ' aruspex ' : Varro L. L. 5. 98 ariuga . , . hae sunt quarum in sacrificiis exta in olla non in veru cocuntur . . . in fwstiis earn dicunt ariugam quae cornua habet; Paul. p. 100 M harviga dicebatur hostia cuius adhaerentia (?) inspiciebantur exta; Donat. Ter. Ph. 4. 4. 29 ' haruspex' ab aruga nominatur. (Probably the only true forms are aruga and ariga. Perhaps the first syll. ar- is the same as that of ar-ies^ Arilla, doubtful subst f., preserved in a corrupt gloss of Placidus p. 1 1 D ' arilla ' coctione (or coactione) panniculario ; the Balliol glossary gives for this arilla coccineus panniculus. Arillator, -oris, subst. m., explained by Paul. p. 20 = cotio, a petty trader or merchant : so Gell. 16. 7. 12 says Laberius 'cotionem' pervulgate dixit, quern veteres arillatorem dixerunt. Glosses to the same purport are quoted by Lowe P. G. pp. 142, 285. Arinia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 8. 1557 (Agbia, Prov. Proc. Africa). Ariolieum, name of a town in the Graian Alps : Itin. Peut. C. I. L. 5. p. 765. Ariovistus, Gallic n. p. m. : Ca6s. G. i. 31 al. ; cogn. m. : C. I. L. 7. 1320 (Kenchester in Herefordshire). Arislus, Arisla, nomina: C. I. L. 6. 2379. iii. 15 (Rome, 144 A. D.) ; ib. 1056. ii. 34 (Rome, 205 a. d.) ; 8. 3040 (Lambaesis, Numidia) ; ib. 8214 (Prov. Nuraidia). Arisso, -as, verb descriptive of the noise made by a crane : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 7 arissat grus quando clamat, sicut et milvus iugit, canis baubat ; so Gloss. Ball. Arista in the sense of a summer: Verg. E. i. 'jopost aliquot aristas (where Serv. says quasi rusticus per aristas numeral annos) ; Claud. IV Cons. Hon. 372 necdum decimas emensus aristas ; Ennod. C. 2. i. 15 (opp. to hiemps). Aristatus {arista), furnished with bristling ears, of spelt : Paul, p. 280 lA/arreo spico l^/arre spiceo) aristato. Aristophaneus, and -ius : sometimes -ids, ace. -ifin : of Aristophanes. 1. Cic. Q. F. 3. i. 8 Aristophaneo more. 2. Aristophaneum metrum, a variety of anapaestic verse, the ana- AristotelicTis — Arma. 379 paestic tetrameter catalectic: Cic. Or. 190 anapaestusis qui Aristo- phaneus nominatur ; Mar. Vict. p. 75 K; Mar. Vict. p. 124 also mentions an Aristophanios paeonicus, consisting of three paeons and an amphimacer : egreg^a. percolmt Ingenm musice. Aristdtelicus, of Aristotle : Augustin. Conf. 4. 16. 28. Aritudo, -inis (ar^r^), f. dryness : Non. p. 71; Plant. Rud. 524 R ; Enn. Epich. 2 ; Varro R. R. i. 12. 3 ; L. L. 5. 60; Prom. 2. 6. Arlapsa, name of a town in Noricum : Itin. Antonini ; see C. I. L. 3. p. 686. Arma, -drum: gen. armum Pacuv. 34, Ace. 319; see Cic. Or. 155; subst. n., only found in pi. 1. Implements or tackle of any kind: Cic. Mil. 74 (for building); Caes. G. 3. 14 naves . . . omni genere ornatissimae ; Verg. G. 1. 160 quae sint duris agrestibus arma; A. i. 177 Cerealia arma; Ov. M. 11. 35 (coloni) operis . . . relinquunt Arma sui; 6. ^gi /urialiaque accipit arma (instruments of the orgy); 15. 471 ovis arma (woollen clothing): A. A. 2. go (of wings and wax): Liv. 35. 23. 11 Una equestria arma; so 30. 17. 13; Mart. 14. 36 tondendis haec arma tibi sunt apta capillis. [N. B. In Verg. A, 5. 15 (colligere arma iuhei) Serv. and Ti. Donatus take arma to mean sails ; but it more probably means the ship's tackle; so A. 6. 353 (navis) spoliata armt's.] 2. Arms, weapons, instruments of combat, in the most general sense, so in all Latin : e.g. Plant. Epid. 29, 30, 31 R. (a) Favourite phrases are t'n armt's (in arms or armed) : e.g. Pacuv. 261 m armt's aevum agere; ad arma (to arms): e.g. Lucr. 5. 1076 (equus) /remitum patulis ubi naribus edit ad arma. Armorum custos was the title of the keeper of the weapons in a legion : C. I. L. 2. 2668 (Legio vii, Gallaecia, 3rd cent.. a. d.), and elsewhere. Specially of a shield: Verg. A. 10. 841 Lausum . . . super arma ferebant. (b) Met., Cic. De Or. I. 172 posse se facile ceteris armis prudentiae titer i atque de- fender e; Quint. 12. 2. 5 uti rhetorum armis, non suis. 3. War, state of war, quarrel, strife ; violent methods and proceedings : Cic. Att. 14. 20. 4 armorum causam; 15. 26. i post haec arma ; Phil. ri. 38 eorum qui utrisque armis vacant (have taken neither side in the quarrel); Marc. 13 ad ilia arma sumus compulsi; ib. 24 animorum ardore et armorum ; Mil. 68 fl3 armis conquietura ; elsewhere he has ab armis discedere, ire ad arma, evocare ad arma, recedere ab armis, armorum et tumultus metus, suspicio, and the like ; vi et armis, arma civilia; Caes. C. i. 2 causa armorum; i. 4. rem ad arma deduci; G. 7. 33 ad vim atque arma descenderet; Verg. A. 10. 10 arma sequi; 10. 672 qui me meaque arma secuti {ray qaz.ut\) ; so 3. 156; Liv. a8o Armamentarms — Armator. 3. 14. I ah externis armis otium fuit; 3. 69. 2 inventus . . . arma ei helium spectahat; 9. i. la pia arma (a righteous quarrel) ; Ov. M. 5. 91 neutra arma secutum. 4. Arms in the sense of an army or a force : Ov. M. 6. 424 haec auxiliarihus armis Fuderat; Liv. 9. 9. 19 nostra supplicio liber emus Romana arma; 21. 26. 6 ulteriorem ripam omnem armis obtinehant; 41. 12. 9 nulla usqtiam apparuerunt arma; Tac. H. 2. 32 Hispanias armis non ita redundare. (From ar-, to fit, join; so either things fitted together, or things fitted on). Armamentarius, adj. from armamentum, connected with arms: C. I. L. 6. 999 armamentarii scrihae (Rome, 138 a.d.); S. 1883 (Concordia) armamentaria decuria; 3. 11 21 (Apulum in Dacia) armamentarii conductores. As subst. m., armamentarius — a maker of weapons: I. R. N. 4324 (Aquinum); C. I. L. 6. 2804 (Rome, 3rd cent. a.d.). As subst. n., armamentarium ■= a storehouse of arms, an arsenal: Cic. Rab. Perd. 20 ex aedificiis armamentariisque puhlicis; De Or. i. 62 ; Liv. 29. 35. 8 al. ; Plin. 7. 125; luv. 13. 83 quicquid habent telorum armamentaria caeli; C. I. L. 6. 2725 armamentarii Imperatoris architectus; (Rome) 7. 446 armamentaria conlapsa restituit (now at Durham). Armamentum, -i, subst. n., concr. from armo; gen. pi. -um Pacuv. 335; usually in pi. 1. Implements, tackle in general: very often of ships : Plant. Merc. 174 R alia armamenta ; Lucil. 3. 41 armamenta tamen, malum, velum, omnia servo; Caes. G. 3. 14 cum omnis Gallicis navihus spes in velis armamentisque consisteret ; 4. 29 ancoris reliquisque armamentis amissis; C. i. 36, 58 (also of ships); Plin. 16. I'jo armamenta ad tnclutos cantus; 17. 1^2 prae- dictis velut armamentis vinearum; 18. 112 isdem armamentis nudata conciditur medulla. 2. Of ships, in the special sense of sails : Plaut. Merc. 192 'S^ armamentis complicandis componendis studuimus; Pacuv. 335 armamentum stridor ; Liv. 31. 45. 14 armamentis magna ex parte amissis; 21. 49. 9, 11 suhlatis armamentis (with sails up), demere armamenta (to lower the sails) ; so 36. 44. 4 ; Sen. Ir. 2. 31. 5 ut non expedite ad contrahendum armamenta disponeret: Tranq. 9. 3 magna armamenta pandentibus ; Ben. 6. 15 armamenta demitti. Armarldlus, -i, dim. of armarium : Glossae Nominum p. 1 7 Lowe. (The neut. armariolum is the usual form.) Armatlo, -onis (armo), an arming: Prise. 2. p. 463 K. Armatlus, nom. m. : C. L L. 8. 830 (Turca, Prov. Proc. Africa). Armatfir, -oris, subst. m. ag. from armo, he who arms : Prise. 2. p. 463 K. Armatrix — Armentum. % 8 1 Armatrix, -icis, fern, of armator, she who arms: Prise. 2. p. 463 K. Armatura, -ae, subst. f., abstr. from armo. 1. The act of arming: Prise. 2.. p. 463 K. 2. Equipment: Cie. Fam. 7. i. 2 armaiura varia peditatus et equitatus; Att. 6. i. 14; Caes. G. 2. 10 levis armaturae Numidas; Vulg. 2 Par. 32. i, fecit universi generis armaturam et clipeos; Ezech. 26. 9 turres tuas destruet in armaiura sua. Of ships' taekle : Itala Act. Apost. 27. 19 armaturam proiecerunt ; (Ronsch S. B. p. 9). 3. Concr., a body of troops (usually with an epithet to denote the quality of their equipment) : Cie. Phil. 10. 14 levis armatura; so Brut. 137; Liv. 21. 55. 2; 22. 18. 2 ; 27. 48. I ; 28. 14. 8 (all with levis); Amm. 14. 6. 17 kves armaturas ; Veget. passim. 4. Esp. in later Latin, the heavy- armed imperial guard: Amm. 14. 11. 2; armaturarum tribunus; so i5- 6' 6; 15. 4. 10 agens vicem armaturarum rectoris. 5. Of a single soldier : C. I. L. 3. 3336 (Pannonia Inf.) armatura legionis eiusdem; ib. 1663 (Moesia); 8. 2618 b. 18 (Lambaesis, Prov. Numidia) ; 6. 2699 (Rome). 6. In general, troops : Nazar. Pan. Const. 23 quod ianto numero duplicabat armatura terror em; Veget. 2. 23 armaturae quae sub campi doc tore sunt. 1. Armour: Val. Max. 7. 6. i ; Vulg. Sap. 5. r8j Ephes. 6. 11. 8. Practice in tactics, the science of war: Amm. 14. 11. 3 per multiplicem armaturae scientiam; 21. 16. 7 artium armaturae pe- destris; Veget. i. 4 armaturae num^ros omnes . . . docere; i. 13 illo exercitii genera quod armaturam vacant; i. 23 armaturam omnes discebant ; I. R. N. 2648 armaturae schola (Classis Praet. Misenensis, 159 A. D.). Armentarlus, adj. from armentum, connected with herds. The following instance has not been noticed: Gloss. Epinal. 2. C. 14 ' armentarius locus ' ubi arm£nia conduntur. Armentum, -i, subst. n., fern, form armenta, -ae'. Enn. Inc. 12 ; Pacuv. 349 cornifrontes armentas 1. One of the larger domestic animals, as horse or ox: Cato R. R. 2. 7 armenta delicula; Varro R. R. 2. 5. 7 armentorum gregem ; Lucr. i. 163 armenta atque aliae pectides; 4. 11 97 valuer es armenta feraeque Et pecudes et equae; 5. 2 2i pecudes armenta feraeque ; Cie. Phil. 3. 31 greges armentorum reliquique pecoris; Verg. G. 4. 395 inmania cuius Armenta et turpes pascit sub gurgite phacas ; Hygin. p. 102 (^(^zmAi) eentum armenta ; Tac. G. 21 certo armentorum et pecarum numera; A. 4. 49 equi, armenta. 2. A herd of the larger cattle, as horses, oxen, or deer: Verg. G. 3. 71 subalem armenta sortire; A. i. 185 tota ar- 282 Armicustos — Armilla. menta (of deer) ; Hor. i. Epist. 8. 6 ; Ov. M. 2. 842 ; 6. 395 ; 8. 882 ; II. 348; Liv. I. 7. 5; 32. ir. 2; Col. i. Praef. 26 aliud exigit equinum atque aliud bubulum armentum; Plin. 8. 165 (of horses); II. 263 pecori armentoque ; Plin. Ep. 2. 17. 3 greges ovium, equorum, bourn armenta ; Dig. 7. 8. 12. 3 boum armenti and often elsewhere in Latin. [The word is generally connected with aro, after Varro L. L. 5.96' armenta ' quodboves idea maxime parabantur ut inde eligerent ad arandum. If armentum is connected with aro, the connexion is col- lateral, not derivative, the word being (like ar-uus) formed directly from the base ar-. But it is also possible that ar-mentum comes from ar-,\a join, fit, like ar-ti-s, ar-ma, and several other words. In this case it would mean a beast that can be fitted or joined, either to a plough or to another animal.] Armicustos, -odis, subst. m., a guardian of arms: I. R. N. 2680 (Classis Praet. Misenensis, now at Naples). Armifaotdr, -oris, subst. m., a maker of arms: Victor Vit. Persec. Vand. i. 30; Nov. lust. 86. i. Armifaotoritim, -i, subst. m., a manufactory of arms: Nov. lust. 86. I. Armifactura, -ae, subst. f., the manufacturing of arms : Nov. lust. 86. I. Armilausa or armilausia, subst. f., a military garment worn over the shoulders, but open at the sides : Isid. Or. 19. 22. 28 ' armi- lausa ' vulgo vocata quod ante et retro divisa atque aperta est, in armos tantum clausa, quasi armiclausa, C litter a ablata: Gloss. Epinal. i.C. 29 'armilausia' sercae; Schol. luv. 5. 143 ' viridem thoraca' armi- lausiam prasinam ; and in late Latin. The instances quoted by Ducange clearly show that armilausia is a military garment. Lausia or lausa (see s. v.) is a tile or thin slab of stone ; can armilausia then be a piece of military slang, a tile for the shoulders (armus) ? Comp. the use of lilium, vinea, papilio, testudo in military slang. Armilla, -ae, subst. f. 1. A bracelet, armlet, worn both by men and women: Plaut. Men. 536 W; True. 272 R; Quadrigarius ap. Gell. 9. 13. 7; Cic. Rep. 4. ap. Prise. 2. p. 462 K armillae, quas nunc bracchialia vocant; C. I. L. i. 624 (44 B.C.) C. Canuleius . . . donatus tdrquibus armillis; Liv. i. 11. 8; 10. 44. 3; C. I. L. 5. 4365 (Brixia) torquibus et armillis donatus. 2. An iron hoop or ring: Cato R. R. 21. 4 armillas quattuor facito, quas circum orbem indas, ne cupa et clavus confer aniur intrinsecus ; Vitruv. 10. 6. II. {Ar-, to fit.) Armilustrium — Armo. 383 ArmllusMum, -i, {armilustrum Liv. 27. 37. 4). 1. Name of a place on the Aventine, meaning originally the place where arms were cleaned: Varro L. L. 6. 22 ' armilustrium' ab eo quod in armilustrio armati sacra faciunt, nisi locus potius dictus ab lis ; Gloss. Nom. p. 1 7 Lowe ' armilustrium ' domus ubi arma mundantur; Curiosum ap. Jordan Topographie der Stadt Rom. 2. p. 561: Liv. 27. 37.4. Armilustri vicus : C. L L. 6. 802 (Rome); 975. iii. 26 (Rome, 136 a. d.) 2. Also the name of a festival celebrated at Rome, the celebrators being armed: Varro L. L. 5- 153; 6. 22; Paul. p. 19 M ^armilustrium' erat festum apud Romanos, quo res divinas armati faciebant, ac dum sacrificarent tubis canebant; L R. N. 5750 (calendar of Amiternum). (See Marquardt Rom. Alt. 6. p. 417.) Arminius, Arminia, nomina: C. I. L. 5. 3071 (Patavium); 6. 2379. vi. 32 (Rome, 144 A. D.); 3286 (Rome); 8.3428,5333 (Numidia Procons.); German n. p. m., Tac. A. i. 65 al., Flor. Veil., etc. Armlp6teiLS, -eutis, adj., mighty in arms: Ace. 127 Minervae armipotenti ; Lucr. i. 33 Mavors armipotens; Verg. A. 2. 425 divae armipotentis ; 6. 500 Deiphobe armipotens; 9. 717 Mars; 11. 483 armipotens, praeses belli, Tritonia virgo; Stat. Silv. 3. 2. 20 Ausoniae armipotentis alumnus; Claud. VI Cons. Hon. 655 arm. genitor ; Dig. 50. 15. I (of Tyre). Armo, -as, verb den. from arma. 1. To furnish, equip : Cic. often; e.g. Sest. 46 armatae classes; Agr. i. 20 quemadmodum (colonia) armatur ; elsewhere he has consules . . . aerario, provinciis, exercitu armavit; Agr. 2. 87 Karthago muris armata; elsewhere again magistratus . . . deorum religione, temeritatem multitudinis auctoritate public a armare ; Verr. 5. 50 navem . . . ornatam atque armatam; N. D. 2. 121 armatas cornibus; Caes. G. 3. 13; 5. i; C. I. 36 armatas, arm,andas naves; Verg. A. 4. 299 armari classem ; G. I. 255 armatas classes; Hor. A. P. 79 Archilochum propria rabies armavit iambo; and often in Latin. Armata is the name of a trireme, I. R. N. 2817, 2839 (Classis Praetoria Misenensis). Met., Cic. Inv. i. i qui sese armat eloquentia; Fam. 12. 23. 4 armat contra omnes fortunae impetus philosophia ; Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6. 7. 4 armavit te ad omnia ingenium; Liv. 6. 38. 4 causam plebis ingentibus animis armant. 2. In a more restricted sense, to arm, furnish with arms, past part. pass, armatus, armed, an armed person: Plaut. Epid. 438 R'virtute belli armatus ; Bacch. 942 R armati atque animati probe; Enn. Tr. 97 gravidus armatis a84 Annus — Aromaticus. equos; Tr. 315 segetis armatae:, Cato Orig. 7. 5 armatum homi- nem; Cic. Verr. 2. 5 Sicilia maximos exercitus nostras armavit, and passim in Cic, e. g. armare multitudinem, veteranos, etc. ; Caes. C. i . 2^ pastor es armat; G. 4. 32 reliquos armari iussit, and elsewhere; Sail, has armare capias, manus, se, etc.; Liv. 2. 35. i plebem ira prope armavit; 35, 32. 14 Asiam Europamque ad funestum arma- rent bellum ; and so very commonly in all Latin, very often followed by in, adversum, cantra aliqmm; note especially Verg. A. 9. 773, 10.1^0/errum, calamas, armare veneno, which Quint. 8. 6. 12 remarks as a metaphorical use. 3. Armatissimus, sup. of armatus, completely armed : Cic. Caec. 61 quasi armatissimi fuerint ; Sen. Ben. 5.4.1 multis armatissimis (^pares/uerunt) nudiautleviter armati. Armus, -i, subst. m., the fore-quarter in animals, in man the upper part of the arm ; distinguished technically from umertcs, the shoulder: Plin. 11. 233 uni {homini) umeri, ceteris armi; comp. Ov. M. II. 700 e.r umeris fiunt armi. According to Serv. A. 1 1. 644 and Isid. Or. 11. i. 62 armus was properly used only of animals; but Verg. 1. c. certainly uses it of a man, and so perhaps A. 4. 1 1 pectore et armis; so also Val. Fl. 4. 265 vigil ilk metu cum pectore et armis; Lucan 9. 831 tataque simul demittit ab arma. Of animals, often in Latin: e.g. Hor. 2. S. 4. 44; Ov. M. 11. 700; Plin. 11. 229, 233. (Ar-, to fit or join.) Arnacis, -idis : wrongly conjectured in Varro ap. Non. p. 543, where the word is probably peranatris. Arniensis and Arnensis (Arnus), of the Arnus; name of one of the tribes of Rome: C. I. L. i. 1012 (abbreviated Am.); 6. 2381 b. ii. 22 (Rome), and elsewhere in inscr. Written Arnensis C. I. L. 6. 1473 (Rome), and elsewhere; Areniensis C. L L. 2. 105 (Pax lulia in Lusitania); Cic. Agr. 2. 79; Liv. 6. g. 8. Arnius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 522 (Trieste). Aruustia, n. p. f. : C. L L. i. 1373 Thania Arnustia. Aroma; abl. pi. heterocl. aromatis Apul. M. 3. 17; 11. 16; Flor. 19. Aromatarius, -i {aroma), a dealer in spices : C. I. L. 6. 384 (Rome). Aromatieus (aroma). 1. Of spices, aromatic : Veget. R. M. 6. 13. 3 calami aramatici; Sedul. Carm. 5. 324 messis aroma- ticae. 2. N. pi. aromatica as subst., aromatics, Spart. Hadr. 19.5. Arpius — Arrabo. 385 Arpius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2375 b. ii. 6 (Rome, 120 a. d.) Arquamentmn, glossed as = dixl, the pole of a cart : Gloss. Nom. p. 1 7 Lowe : perhaps for armamentum : Gloss. Cyril!, pu/ioj ilM^s, armamentum (Ronsch S. B. p. 8). Axques, -itis, subst. m., an archer, bowman : Paul. p. 20 M ' arquiks ' arcu proeliantes, qui nunc dicuntur sagittarii. Another form of the word, arcistes (q. v.), is found in glossaries. Probably arquites is only another form of arcutes (q. v.). Arquio, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 2. 2990. ArqiTLUS, Arquia, nomina: C. I. L. 2. 377, 2373; cogn. m. : C. I. L. 2. 632 (Turgalium, Lusitania); 2458 (Bracara Augusta, Tarraconensis) ; 2465 (Valen9a do Minto, ist cent. a.d.). Arra, -ae, subst. m., the word in use in classical Latin as equi- valent to arrabo: quoted from Laberius by Gell. 17. 2. 21 multo videtur sordidius (' arrabone ') ' arra,' quamquam ' arra ' quoque veteres saepe dixerint et compluriens. 1. Earnest money to, bind a bargain, deposit as evidence that a contract has been entered into, distinguished from ptgnus by Isid. Or. 5. 25. 20 interest autem in loquendi usu inter pignus et arram. Nam pignus est quod datur prop- ter rem creditam, quae dum redditur, statim pignus aufertur. Arra vero est quae primum pro re bonae fidei contractu empta ex parte datur et postea completur. Estenim arra complenda, non auferenda. Laberius ap. Gell. I.e.; Gains 3. 139; Dig. 18. 3. 6. 8; 19. i. 11. 6. Met., Plin. 29. 21 mortis arram. 2. In connexion with marriage ; arrae sponsales or sponsaliciae are things given in pledge before marriage, to be returned if the contract is not kept: Dig. 23. 2. 38 mulier iuris sui constituta arrarum sponsalium nomine usque ad duplum teneatur; Cod. 5. i. 5; 5. 2. i. 3. Arrae regiae, pledges royal in magnificence: lul. Cap. Maximin. 27. 7 (where see Casaubon). Arrabo, -onis, subst. m., = arra: Varro L. L. g. 175 arrabo sic datur ut reliquum reddatur; Plaut. Rud. 46 R datque arrabonem ; Most. 648 Sonn. arraboni has dedit quadraginta minas; Poen. 1359 R arrabonem hunc pro mina mecum fero; True. 689 R (comically called rabonem above, with a play on rape, q. v.) ; Mil. 952 Rib. hunc arrabonem amoris primum a me accipe; Ter. Heaut. 603 ea relicta arrabonist pro illo argento; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17. 2. 20 cum tantus arrabo penes Samnites Romani esset; and elsewhere in Latin. 286 Arranius — Arrdgatio. Arranlus, Arranla, nomina: C. I. L. 8 often; C. I. L. 6. 1056. iii. 95 (Rome, 205 a.d.). Arrecinus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 200. viii. 8 (Rome, 70 a.d.). Arrenianus, cogn. m. : I. R. N. 635. i. 25 (Canusium, 223 A.D.); 5759 (Amiternum). Arrenius, Arrenia, nomina: C. I. L. 6. 1046. iv. 17 (Rome, 205 A.D.); 1057. V. 37 (Rome, 210 a.d.); 5. 4390 (Brixia); 8. 8460 (Sitifis, Mauretania). Arrenus, Arrena, nomina: C. I. L. 6. 766 (Rome); 3. 6220 (Arrubium in Moesia) ; al. inscr. Arrhythmia, -ae {dppvdiila), absence of rhythm : Mar. Vict, p. 43 K. Arricanius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 3876 (Rome). Arricinius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 199 (Rome, 70 a.d.). Arridius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 8. 7209, 7210 (Cirta, Prov. Nu- midia). Arrigo, -rexi, -rectrnn (adr-). 1. To set up, prick up, raise up: Plant. Rud. 1293 R aures; so Ter. And. 933 arrige aures; Verg. A. 2. 303 adredis auribus; 4. 280 adreciae horrore comae; 10. 726 comas; elsewhere he has arrectus in digitos (stand- ing on tiptoe), tollit se adrectum, adrectos currus, adrectis hasiis, cervicibus; Ov. M. ig. 516 auribus. Sens, obscen., intrans., M. Antonius ap. Suet. Aug. 69 ; Mart, often. 2. Of the mind or feeling, to excite ; also of persons : Sail. C. 39. 3 vetus ceriamen animos eorum adrexit; I. 68. 4 animis eorum adrectis; ib. 86. i animos adrectos videt; ib. 84. 4 eos non paulum . . . oratione sua adrexerat; H. i. 48. 8 Etruria atque omnes reliquiae belli adrectae. Verg. is very fond of this use; G. 3. 105 cum spes adrectae iu- venum; A. i. 579 animum adrecti; 5. 138 laudum arrecta cupido; 5. 643 mentes; 12. 251 adrexere animos Itali; 731 arrectaeque am- borum acies, etc. Liv. 8. 37. 2 adrecti ad bellandum animi sunt; 45. 30. I libertas data adrexit animos; Tac. A. 3. 11 adrectae civi- tate. 3. Part, pass., arrectus, -a, -um, as adj., steep: Liv. 21. 35. II adrectiora; Solin. 9. 8 {saxd) adrectiora. Arrigiius, -a, -11111, adj., from arrigo, glossed as = obscene rigidus : Glossae Nominum p. 1 7 Lowe. ArrSgatio, -onis (adr-), subst. f., abstr. from arrogo, 1. 1. of Law, a form of adoption which took place by the authority of the populus: Cell. 5. 19. i {genus adoptionis) quod per populum {fit) ad- Arrogator — Ars. 287 rogatto; Gaius i. 99 (= Dig. i. 7. 2) populi audoritate adoptamus eos qui sui luris sunt, quae species adoptionis dicitur adrogaiio, quia el is qui adopiat rogatur, i. e. interrogatur an velit eum quern adopta- turus sit iustum sibi filium esse, et is qui adoptatur rogatur an id fieri patiatur, et populus rogatur an id fieri iubeat ; Ulp. Fr. 8. 2 foil. ; al. lurisc; Vopisc. Aur. 12. 3 adrogatio Aureliani. Arr8gat6r, -oris (adr-), subst. m., ag. from arrogo, one who adopts by the process oi arrogatio : Dig. i. 7. 2, 19, 22, 40. (In Arnob. i. 50 Reifferscheid rightly reads abrogatoris.) Arrumo, see Adrumo. Arruns, -tis, Etruscan n. p. : Cic. Tusc. 4. 50 ; Verg. A. 1 1 . 769 foil.; Liv. i. 34. 2; i. 56. 7. Armntlus and Axruntia, nomina : frequent in inscr. and lit. Ars, artis, subst. f., properly a fitting together, so a making, or power of making. 1. A power to do a thing, hence a quality ; only of persons, and thus a characteristic, a way of proceeding : Plant. Trin. 74 nam si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae (your old ways); 293 his ego de artibus gratiam. facio; Cato Or. 42 (Jord.) si posset audio fieri de artibus tuis (your qualities); Ter. Ad. 2^g /ratrem esse primarum artium. magis prindpem; And. 31-34 eis (artibus^ quas semper in te intellexi sitas, fide et tadturnitate ; Sail. I. 2. 4 cum praesertim tam multae variaeque sint artes animi (qualities); C. 10. 4 avaritia fidem probitatem ceterasque artes bonas subvertit; 11. 2 huic quia bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis con- tendit; I. i. '^probitatem industriam aliasque artes bonas; I. 28. 5 in consule nostra multae bonaeque artes animi et corporis erant (gifts) ; I. 85. 43 luxuria et ignavia, pessimae artes; and so with a bad meaning C. 5. 7 quae utraque eis artibus auxerat quas supra memoravi; C. 9. 3 duabus his artibus, audacia in bello, ubi pax evenerat, aequitate; Tac. H. i. 45 industriae eius innocentiaeqtie quasi malis artibus infensi; 2. ^*i foedum mancipium et malts artibus am- bitiosum ; 3.9 egregius ipse et qui solus ad id bellum artes bonas attulisset; 3. 20 ratione et consilio, propriis duds artibus; A. 2. 73 dementia, temperantia, ceteris bonis artibus; 16. 32 specie bonarum artium, and elsewhere in Tac. 2. A pursuit : so in pi. = a course of conduct: Plaut. Trin. 228 utrum potius harum mihi artem expetessam; Merc. 998 R missas iam ego istas artes feci; Cato Or. 12 (Jord. p. 45) a bene fadis, ab optimis artibus fugit maxima /ugella; Lucil. Inc. 18 eidem studio et arti; Sail. C. 21 praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam; I. 41. 3 Tnetus hostilis in a88 Ars. bonis artihus civitaiem retinelat (in a good course) ; ib. 63. 3 inter artes bonas . . . Irevi adolebat; 8g. 9 rnihi qui omnem aetatem in optimis artibus egi; 8. 2 si permanere vellet in suis artibus (pursuits, course of life) ; 85. i pkrosque non eisdem artibus imperium peter e et gerere (course, line of conduct) ; Liv. 5. 27. 8 ego Romanis artihus, virtute, opere, armis, vincam ; Tac. H. i . i "7 quorum favorem ut largi- tione et ambitu male adquiri, ita per bonas artes haud spernendum (= fair means) ; i. 30 rtemo imperium flagitio quaesitum bonis arti- bus exercuit; 1. 8 pads artibus; 3. 86 studia exercitus raro cui- quam bonis artibus quaesita ; 4. 44 exercita malis artibus potentia ; A. 14. 57 malas artes, quibus solus pollebat, and elsewhere in Tac. 3. An occupation, nearly in the sense of profession : Plaut. Capt. 469 R parasiticae arti; Verg. A. 12. 519 cui circum flumina Lernae Ars fuerat pauperque domus. 4. An accomplishment, acquired faculty or power : Lucil. 13. 16 ut perhibetur iners, ars in quo non erit ulla ; C. I. L. i. 1009 (perhaps of the Ciceronian age) docta erodita omnes artes virgo : viridis aetas cum floreret artibus ; Lucr. 4. 971 studia atque artes; Cic. Mur. 22 artes ilico nostrae conticescunt ; ib. 30 duae sunt artes, quae possunt locare kominem in altissimo gradu dignitatis, una imperatoris, altera orator is boni; Quinct. 93 omnes tuas artes, quibus tu magnus es, facile concedit; Arch. 10 aut nulla aut humili aliqua arte praeditis; Part. Or. 35 animi quemadmodum affecti sint, virtutibus, vitiis, artibus, inertiis spectantur. Cic. very often has bonae artes, optimae artes, artes et disciplinae, studia atque artes ; but he does not, apparently, like Sail, and Tac., use the word in a moral sense. Verg. G. 2. 52 in quascumque voces artes haud tarda sequentur; A. 12. 397 mntas agitare inglorius artes; Liv. i. li. ^instructum non tarn per egrinis artibus; so passim in Latin. 5. An art, exactly in our sense of the word : so passim in Latin: e.g. Plaut. Aul. 626 R artem facere ludicram; Mil. 187 Rib. earum artem et disciplinam; Catode Moribus 2 (p. 83 ]ord^ poeticae artis honos non erat; Lucil. Inc. ^^ arte pavimenii atque emblematis vermiculati; Cass. Hemina fr. 35 (Peter Hist. Rel. p. ro6) omnes res atque artes; Caes. G. 6. 17 omnium irvventorum artium; Cic. Fin. 5. 26 ut omnium artium recte did potest commune esse ut in aliqua scientia versentur; 3. 49 cognitiones comprensionesque rerum e quibus efficiuntur artes ; so ars dicendi, navigandi, gubernandi, etc. In pi., concr., a work of art: Hor. 2. Epist. i. 242 iudicium subtile videndis artibus; so Verg. A. 5. 359 clipeum efferri iussit, Didymaonis artes (si I. c). 6. In general, art, skill, cultivation, as opposed, e. g. to nature or genius : so again passim in Latin : Ars. 289 e.^. Cic. Verr. 4. 65 ea varietate operum ut ars certare videretur cum copia; 4. 97 eadem arte perfecta, and the like often elsewhere. Abl. ark, by the application of skill or craft: artfully, skilfully: Ter. Heaut. 366 haec arte tradabat virum ; Lucr. 4. 792 scilicet arte madent simulacra et docta vagantur'i Liv. 2. 35. 8 arte agendum, etc., etc. Per artem, in the same meaning : Lucr. 4. 847, 5. 10; and often afterwards in Latin. 7. In a person, the quality of art or skill : Ter. And. 31, 32 quid est Quod tibi mea ars efficere possit ampliusf Lucil. 30. 11 haec virtutis tuae atque artis monumenta locantur; Cic. Q. Rose. 28 quid Roscii? Disciplina. Fades non erat, ars erat pretiosa ; Verr. 2. 135 haec vera huius ars erat et malitia admiranda ; Arch. 1 7 propter singularem artem ac venustatem videbatur omnino mori non debuisse ; Q. Rose. 1 7 plus fidei quam artis, plus veritatis quam disciplinae possidet; Balb. 45 adsiduus usus . . . et ingenium et artem saepe vincit; Sest. 120 summi poetae ingenium non solum arte sua, sed etiam dolor e exprimebat; Plane. 62 virtus, probitas, integritas in candidate, non linguae volubilitas, non ars, non scientia requiri solet; Balb. 56 idcirco ilia in omni parte orationis summa arte aspergi videretis; Lucr. 5. 1355 praestat in arte . . . genus virile ; and so often in Latin. 8. Concrete, an art, device, trick : Plaut. Trin. 844 artes naugatoriae ; Sail. I. 48. I se suis artibus temptari; H. 4. i ea arte se quisque armabat; Liv. 3. 35. 8 ars haec erat, ne . . . {a, device); so Verg., Quint., Tac, etc. 8. In the sphere of philosophy and litera- ture ars means applied science or theory : and may be translated theory, art, system : Corn. Her. i. 3 ars et praeceptio quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi ; Cic. De Or. i. 186 exits rebus quarum ars nondum sit; 2. 30 ars earum rerum est quae sciuntur; 2. 44 ad artem et praecepta revocanda; Acad. Pr. 2. 22 ars . . . ex multis animi perceptionibus constat ; Arch. 1 8 ceterarum rerum studia et dodrina et praeceptis et arte constare ; poetam natura ipsa valere; Quint. 2. 14. 5 ars erit quae disciplina per dpi debet; 10. 7. 12 hie usus ita proderit si ea de qua locuti sumus ars antecesserit ; so 12. 10. I and elsewhere. Especially of grammatical theory or system : Non. p. 487 gelu ars monoptoton esse vult, contra sentit audoritas; p. 51 7 omnes artem secuti, etc. (Ronsch S. B. p. 9); Serv. has secundum artem, according to rule, G. 4. 182 al., zxAcontra artem, against rule. 10. In pi., rules, or collections of rules : Quint. 2.5. x^hoc diligentiae genus plus conlaturum discentibus quam omnes omnium artes; Prooem. 26 nihil praecepta atque artes valere; g. 14. 27 sacra tra- dentium artes, and elsewhere in Quint. 11. A treatise on a u ago Arsace — Artanus. technical subject, as Grammar or Rhetoric : Cic. Fin. 3. 4 ipsae rhetorum artes; 4. 7 scripsit artem rhetoricam Ckanthes; Inv. i. 8 eius ars quam edidit, and elsewhere in Cic. ; so Quint. 2. 13. i pk- risque scrip tor ibus artium ; and so often elsewhere ; luv. 7. 177 artm scindes Theodori ; and constantly in later Latin. {A r-, to fit or join.) Arsace, name of a city in Parthia: Plin. 6. 113. Arsaces, -is, ace. -en, name of the royal family of Parthia : Sail. H. 4. 61 ; C. I. L. 6. 1799 (Rome) Phraaies Arsaces rex regum; Amm. 23. 6. 2 al. The scholia to Lucan i. 108 ^z,y Parthi ah Arsaco rege dicti, vel certe ab eo quod pilosi sint sicut ursi, quos ' arsacas ' lingua sua vacant. Arsedentes, glossed as = circumsedentes by Placidus p. 8 D (perhaps for amsedentes\ ArselUus, nom. m.: C. I. L. 6. 2380 (Rome, 150 a.d.). Arsenius, nom. m.: C. I. L. 6. 861 (Rome, 161 a.d.); I. R. N. 6358 (181 A.D.). Arsina, n. p. f.: C. I. L. i. 1374 (Perusia). Arsineum, -i, glossed as = ornamentum capitis muliebris : Paul, p. 20 M ; restored by Scaliger to Cato Orig. ap. Fest. p. 265 M arsinea, rete, diadema. Perhaps this word is intended in Gloss. Philox. arsinum, hmKpijxa (? SidSrjfia). Arsinius and Arsinia, nomina: C. I. L. i. 1382; 3. 3435 (Aquincum in Pannonia). Arsis, ace. -in (apo-tt), 1. 1. of Prosody, properly a raising; so the strong part of a foot, as e.g. the long syllable in a dactyl, trochee, or iambus, the first syllable in a spondee : fully defined by Mar. Vict. p. 40 K arsis elatio temporis, soni, vocis (i.e. of the note or pitch) : thesis depositio et quaedam contractio syllabarum ; comp. Diom. p. 474 K pes est poeticae dictionis duarum ampliusve syllaba- rum . . . modus recipiens arsim et thesim, i.e. qui incipit a sublatione, finitur positione. See also Mart. Cap. 9. 974 ; Isid. Or. i. 16. 21. Artaba, -ae, a dry measure = a cadus or 4J modii, according to Grom. Lat. i. p. 376 Lachm.; according to Isid. Or. 16. 26. 16 = 72 sextarii, i.e. 3 modii and 6 sextarii; according to Script. Carm. Da Ponderibus 89 = 3^ modii. Isid. and the last-quoted writer say it was an Egyptian measure ; Placidus p. 6 D calls it Syrian. Artamo, n. p. m.: Plaut. Bacch. 799 R. Artanius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 3. 6365 (near Mostar). Artanus, cogn. m.: Mart. 8. 72. 3. Artatio — Artieulus. 291 Artatlo, quoted by Paucker from Coramod. Instr. i. 41. 9, -where it is almost certainly corrupt. Artemo, -onis, or artemon (aprinav). 1. A small sail, topsail: Isid. Or. 19. 3. 3, where it is defined as derigendae potius navis causa commendatum quam celeritatis \ Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 43 ' artemo ' velum parvum : dictum quoque artemum (artemon ?). Lucil. 26. 99 Arabus artemo; and later, as e.g. Sen. Contr. 7. i (16). 2 in velo, in artemone} Vulg. Act. Apost. 27. 40 levalo arte- mone; Dig. 50. 16. 242 artemo magis adiectamenio quam pars navis est; Schol. luv. 12. 69 {veto prora suo) i.e. artemone solo velifi- caverunt. 2. The third pulley in a lifting machine: Vitruv. JO. 2. 9 Graeci iirayovra, nostri artemonem vocant. 3. Glossed also as = temo by Placidus p. 4 D ; as = malus navis by Gloss. Epinal. i. col. C. 1. 18. Arteriacus (arteria), fem. -a and -e (dpnjpiaKo't). 1. Of the windpipe: Vitruv. i. 6. 4 gravitudo arteriaca (or -e). 2. In medicine, intended for the windpipe : Gael. Aur. Chron. 2. 6. 93 arteriaca medicamenta. 3. Fem. arteriace as subst., a pre- scription or compound for the windpipe: Gels. 5. 25. 7 ; Scribon. Larg. Comp. 74, 75; Plin. 23. 136. Arthritieus {arthritis). 1. Connected with the gout: Gael. Aur. Chron. 5. 2. 28 arthritica passio. 2. Of persons, gouty: Lucil. 9. 72 arthritieus et podagrosus ; Cic. Fam. 9. 23 fin.; Fragm. lur. Vat. 130; Gael. Aur. Chron. 5. 2. 38. Articulatio (artkUld). 1. Division into joints ; of shoots and branches of trees : Plin. 16. loi excrescentium cacuminum arti- culatio; 17. 163 ar bores etiam quihus non sit articulatio; 17. 226 aitibus peculiaris articulatio. 2. Articulation in speakings Fulgent. Myth. 3. 10. 3. 3. Graecae Articulationes, title of a work quoted by Fulgent. Gont. Verg. p. i S4 Muncker sicut Dionysius in Graecis articulationibus memorat. The point being one connected with etymology (ramus from payjftfSia), the word may mean ' forma- tions.' Articulatfir, a dissector of bodies or anatomist : Gloss. Philox., articulator, pcXoKoVor. ArtlcTileius, nom. m.: C.I, L. 6. 154 (Rome, 123 a.d.); 2074, 22 (Rome, loi a.d.); 5. 8309 (Aquileia, loi a.d.), al. inscr. Artlciilns, -i, subst. m. dim. of artus, 1. Properly a little limb, member. (a) Esp. of a finger: Catull. 99. 8 omnibus ar- ticulis; Prop. 2. 34 b. 80 impositis temper at articulis; Ov. H, u 2 2g2, Articiilus. 10. 140 litter aque articulo pressa tremente lahat; Pont. 2. 3. 18 sollicitis supputat articulis; Plin. 2. 158; Vulg. Dan. 5. 24, al. Vulg. (b) Prov., molli articulo iradare aliquem, to treat a person gently: Quint. 11. i. 70 quam molli articulo tractavit Catonem; 2. 12. 2 excipit adversarii mollis articulus. 2. A, joint in a limb. (a) Cato R. R. 157. 8; Lucil. 4. 31 ; Varro R. R. 2. 9. 4 internodiis ariiculorum longis; Cic. Att. i. 5. 9 ; Lucr. 3. 697; Caes. G. 6. 27; Hor. 2. S. 7. 16; Liv. 29. 49. i ipso in articulo, quo iungitur capiti cervix; Gels. 5. 18. 28 nervis et articulis; Plin. 8. 153; 11. 217, 244; Pars. g. 58; Patron. 17. (ta) Of plants : Cic. Sen. 53 ad articulos sarmentorum ; Col. 2. II. 9 ante quam seges in articulum eat; Plin. 16. 88; 18. 159 si in articulum seges ire coeperit. (c) Met., of style in writing, a connection: Corn. 4. 16 sine nervis et articulis flu^tuat dicendi genus; Cic. De Or. 3. 186 oraiio articulis membrisque dis- tincta. (d) A ridge joining two hills: Plin. 37. 201 nemorum salubritate, montium articulis (for which Salmasius proposed to read ohstaculis). 3. Of time and circumstances, a ' juncture,' moment, crisis: Ter. Ad. 229 in ipso articulo oppressit (nicked me to a hair); Cic. Quinct. 19 in ipso articulo temporis; Augustus ap. Suet. Claud. 4 de singulis articulis temporum; Curt. 3. 5. 11 in quo me articulo rerum mearum deprehenderit cernitis; Plin. 2. 216 in ipsis quos dixi temporum articulis; 18. 222 hi car dines singulis etiam nunc articulis temporum dividuntur; ib. 350 sunt et ipsius lunae octo articuli; 17. 11 hoc est illud quadriduum oleis decretorium, hie articulus austrinus nuhili spurci quod diximus; Amm. 23. 3. 5 necessitatum articulis; Vulg. Gen. 7. 13 in articulo diet illius. So z« arAc«/o = j/a/z>«, immediately : Cod. lust. i. 33. 3 ; Claud. Mam. Stat. An. I. I (p. 23 Engelbrecht). 4. (From the meaning of a joint or knot) a point of division, part, stage : Plaut. Men. 140 R articulos omnes commoditatis scio (all the shades, gradations, niceties of kindness) ; Augustus ap. Suet. Claud. 4 quid est quod dubitemus quin per eosdem articulos et gradus producendus sit, etc.; Plin. 2. 68 in mediis latitudinum articulis; Dig. i. 3. 12 non possunt omnes articuli singillatim aut legiius aut senatus consultis comprehend! ; Am. I. 33 verhorum articulos integrare (to make complete divisions of, i. e. wholly articulate). 5. As 1. 1. of Rhetoric, a sentence consisting of single words not coupled by conjunctions : Corn. 4. 26 articulus dicitur cum singula verba distinguuntur caesa ora- tione, hoc modo, ' Acrimonia, voce, vuliu adversarios perterruisti.' 6. As 1. 1. of Grammar. (a) A conjunction : Rutilius Lupus i . Artidius — Artifex. 293 p. 9 (Halm) cum sentenfiae muliorum articulorum convenienti copia continentur ; so below, demplis articulis sentenliae divisae pronun- tiantur. (ta) A pronoun : Varro L. L. lo. 20 in articulis duae partes, finitae et infinitae; so 10. 30; 8. 45 quis quae, hie haec vocantur articuli; Pompeius p. 209 ILut'o' articulus sit (i. e. pro- nomeri) vocativi casus; so Serv. Comm. in Don. p. 436 K. Ac- cording to Prise. I. pp. 54, 548 K, the Stoics applied the term finilus articulus to the pronoun, infinitus articulus to the article, (c) Pliny (ap. Prob. Inst. Art. p. 133 K) wished to distinguish the usage of hie as follows : ' hie ' tunc voluit dici pronomen quando solum reperitur declinari, ut puta hie huius, etc. At vera si cum alia parte orationis inveniatur declinari, articulum appellari, ut puta hie Cato huius Catonis. So Sergius Explan. in Don. p. 538 K calls hie when thus joined with a noun ' articulus ': easibus articuli accidunt pro generibus ' hi,' etc. lb. p. 548 K the usage is ex- plained as due to the fact that we then point with the finger (ar- ticulus). (d) Perhaps in deference to the authority of Pliny, articulus came to be used from his time onwards in the sense of the article: Quint, i. 4. 19; Prise, i. p. 54 K ipsos articulos^ quibus nos car emus, infinites articulos dieebant; 2. p. 124 'K' hie' nunquam sensum articuli hdbet; 2. p. 11 K (and elsewhere) he calls d the articulus praepositivus, Ss the articulus subiunctivus. All the later gramm. use articulus = article. 7. In general, of a word: Dig. 28. 5. 29 hoc articulo 'quisque'; 35. i. 4 hie arti- culus 'turn.' 8. Of a clause: Dig. 36. i. 27. 2 detracto hoc articulo ' quisquis mihi heres erit.' Artidius, nom. m.: C. I. L. 6. 200. vii. 2 (Rome, 70 a.d.); 8. 8714 (Mauretania Sitifensis). Artifex, -icis. Gen. pi. artificium Quint. 7. Pr. i, but else- where artificum. 1. Adj. (a) Skilled, instructed, artistic : Cic. Orat. 172 politus scriptor atque artifex ; Cic. Brut. 96 iam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus; Prop. 4. 2. 62 artifices manus; so exactly Ov. A. A. 3. 556 equum; M. 15. 218 ; Trist. 2. 522 (where Ehwald reads artificis); Am. 3. 2. 52 ; Plin. 8. 55 virtam artifieis ingenii ; luv. 10. 2^8 oris; Vulg. Deut. 27. ig manuum artificum. (b) In passive sense, made by art, artistically formed or wrought, artificial : Prop. 2. 31. 8 quattuor artifices, vivida signa, boves; Pers. 5. 40 artificemque tuo ducit depollice vultum; Val. Fl. 6. 466 daprecor artifieis blanda aspiramina formae; Plin. 8. 150 artifici dimieatione (artificial); 10, 85 hae tantae tamque artifices argutiae; 12. 115 incidentis manus 394 Artifex. libratur ariifici temperamento (well-calculated) ; 29,52 artifici com- plexu; Quint. 9. 4. 8 artifex motus; Solin. 35. 6 artifici plaga (artificial). 2. As subst., artifex = an artist, craftsman, skilled or instructed person, in the widest application of those terms. (a) Plant. Cas. 2. 6. ^ plus artificum est quam rebar ; ■ariolum hunc habeo domi; Cic. Fam. i. 7. 7 te tuis ut egregium. artificem operibus laetari; Verr. i. 91, 92 servos artifices; ib. 4. 54; 5. 73; Ac. 2. 22 qui distingues artificem ab inscioi N. D. 2. 58 Naiura non ariificiosa tantum sed plane artifex a Zenone dicitur; Varro L. L. 5. 93 artificibus maxima causa ars; 9. 12. 18 of sculptors and painters, and so constantly in Latin. Of musicians : Cic. Mur. 29; Ov. M. 11. 169; Curt. 5. i (3). 22 ; Quint. 5. 10. 125; Plin.Ep. 4. 19. 4 non artifice aliquo docente, sed amore. (ta) Of engravers, workers in wood, etc.: Verg. A. 12. 210 ; Ov. M. 12. 398; Suet. Vesp. 18. (c) Of a jeweller: Apul. Apol. 61 art. sigilli. (d) Of a gold or silver smith : Sen. Tranq. 1.7; Helv. II. 3 ; luv. II. 102. (e) Of a workman, artisan (e.g. a mason) : Liv. 5. 3. 6 tamquam artifices improbi opus quaerunf; ib. 42. 3. n ; ib. fr. 91 ; Quint. 7. praef. i ; Plin. Ep. 8. 20. 4 omnia . . . quasi artificis manu cavata et excisa. (t) Of a turner : Apul. Apol. 62. (g) Of a measurer: Grom. Vet. 5. 20, 10. 17 L; al. saep. (h) Of a skilled gardener: Plin. Ep. 5. 6. 35. (i) Of an actor: Plaut. Amph. Prol. 70; Cic. Quinct. 78; Sest. 120; Liv. 5. i. 5, 7. 2. 6 ; Sen. Clem. i. 26. 2, al. Lat. (k) Of an orator, rhetori- cian, or writer, implying science and skill: Cic. Quinct. 77 ; De Or. I. Ill magister atque artifex; ib. 145 istorum artificum doc- trina; Quint. 11. 3. 112 artifices veiant tolli manum supra oculos. (1) Of a practical physician: Cels. i. pr. p. 8 Daremberg; ib. p. 12 al. (m) Of a barber: Tibull. i. 8. 12; Mart. 6. 52. 6. (n) Of a boxer: Phaedr. 5. 5. 7 (not Plin. 7. 186, where the reading is given up by Detlefsen). (o) Of a bird-catcher: Petron. 109. 7. (p) Of a poisoner: Sen. N. Q. 3. 25. i magnorum artificum venena. (q) Of an artillery officer: Amm. 24. 4. 12, 28. (r) Often followed by an adj., defining the sphere of the art: Cic. Arch. 10 artifex scaenicus ; so Sen. Ep. 11. 7 ; Suet. lul. 84 ; Gell. 3. 3. 14 ; Apul. M. 10. 2 medicus ; Flor. 15 artifices sellularii; Gell. 17. 5. 9 rhetoricus; Amm. 15. 3. 4 artifices palaestritae; 28. 4. 32 artifices scaenarii; Lamprid. Al. Sev. 52. i art. carpentarius ; Vulg. Sap. 13. II art.faber; 3 Reg. 7. 14 aerarius; Is. 44. 13 lignarius. (s) With gen. of the art or work: Liv. 29. 35. 8 multis ialium rerum (i.e. tormentorum) artificibus; Sen. Ben. 7. 20. 3 artifices Artifex. 295 scaenae; Tac. A. 12. 66 artifex talium . . . Locusta; Suet. Tit. 7 saltationis ; Tert. Spect. 23 pugnorum; Amm. i"/. 5. 7 medellarum; Capitol. Max. 8. 4 alterius rei; Vulg. Apoc. 18. 22 (?««« ar/zj; and so elsewhere. (t) Met., Sail. I. 35. 5 homines talis negotii artifices ; Prop. 1.2. %formae . . . artificem (who makes up the form), (u) Peculiarly: Prop. 2. i. 58 solus amor morbi non habet artificem, i. e. the physician who cures the malady. (v) Followed by gen. of the gerundive or gerund: Cic. De Or. i. 23 Graeci dicendi arti- fices et doctor es; Fin. i. 42 tamquam artifex conquirendae et com- parandae voluptatis ; Liv. fragm. r unicus pugnandi artifex ; Quint. !!• 3- 'J'^pronuntiandi; 12. 10. 6 pingendi fingendique ; Suet. Cal. 32 decollandi. (x) Met., Cic. Fin. 2. 1 16 comparandarum voluptatum ; Liv. 6. 36. 10 tractandi animos plelis; Sen. Ep. 9. % faciendarum amicitiarum ; Quint. 2. 15. 18 suadendi; 11. i. 85 siimmus ilk tractandorum animorum artifex; Tac. H. 2. 86 serendae in aliis invidiae; luv. 14. 116 adquirendi\ Amm. 27. 9. 2 transferendae in alios invidiae ; 28. 1. 10 laedendi. (y) With in and abl. : Lamprid. Comm. I. 8 z« his artifex quae, etc. (z) Met., Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 47 in amhitione artifex; Amm. 14. 5. 8 in complicandis ne- g'otiis art. mirus. (aa) With abl. without in (or dat. of object ?) : Quint. 12. 10. 9 dis quam hominibus effingendis melior artifex. (bb) With ad and gerund or gerundive : Cic. Verr. g. 183 qui . . . artifices ad corrumpendum iudicium volunt esse (masters in the art of — ); Plin. 6. 187 artifice ad formanda corpora . . . mobilitate ignea. (ec) With inf. : Pers. prol. 1 1 negatas artifex sequi voces ; I. 71 nee ponere lucum Artifices. (dd) With in and ace: lustin. 9. 8. 8 in seria et iocos artifex; Quint. Decl. 10. 9 (Burmann) in lacrimas artifex nostras. (ee) The maker of a thing, with gen. of thing: Cic. Tim. 5 eius {mundi) artifex; Sen. Helv. 8. 3 incorporalis ratio ingentium operum artifex; Octav. 397 (386) natura . . . operis immensi artifex; Plin. 2. 3 naturae omnium ar- tifici; Quint. 5. 12. 21 statuarum; luv. 13. 154 artifices mercato- remque veneni; Vulg. and elsewhere in late Latin; C. L L. 9. 1 719 (Beneventum) tibicini artifici organorum. (flE) Met., Ov. M. 13. 551 ad artificem dirae' Polymestora caedis; A. A. i. 656 necis artifices; Plin. 28. 6 eversor iuris humani monstrorumque artifex; Sen. Phaedr. 567 (559) scelerum; Agam. 104 1 (983) sceleris infandi. (gg) Abs., a cunning person : Ter. Phorm. 259 artificem probum (= Well acted!); Verg. A. 2. 125, 11. 407; Ov. M. 6. 615 artificem Terea (who contrived the crime); luv. 4. 18 consilium laudo artificis. 29*5 Artif icalis — Artif iciosus. Artlfiealis {arti/ex), 1. 1. of Grammar, applied to compound words : Anecd. Helv. p. 85 K omnia nomina aut naturalia sunt, h. e. simplicia, aut artificalia, k. e. composita. Mr. Haverfield adds Consentius p. 398. Artlficialis, -e, adj. from arti/ex, conforming to rule, made according to rule, regular, formal, artificial: Quint, i. 8. 14 ut com- moneat artificialium (aftificial expressions); i. 9. i probatio arti- ficialis (according to rule) ; 6. 4. 4 artificiali ratione (regular, formal); 12. 8. 14 art. probaiionis genus; Chalc. Tim. Comm. 2 artificialihus remediis. Adv. artificialiier : Quint. 2. 17. 14 alius se arUficialiter, alius inartificialiter gerat; Chalc. Tim. 56 (= scienti- fically); so ib. 62 ; Boeth. Contr. Eutych. et Nest, i (Paucker). Artif Iclalltas, -atis, artistic quality, = to t^xvikov : Vet. Transl. Arist. Rhet. i. 2 (Paucker). Artif Icina, -ae, glossed as = locus ubi diversae artes exercentur, Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 43. Artificifllum, -i, subst. n., dim. of artificium, a little device : Not. Bern. 11. 6. Artificiosus, adj. from artificium; adv. artificiose. 1. Abounding in or requiring art, skill, or professional knowledge. (a) Corn. Her. 4. 6 and 7 several times, e.g. quid dicitis difficile? utrum laboriosum an artificiosum ? (ta) In philosophical language = the Greek tcxvikos, working by art or rule: Cic. N. D. 3. 27 naturae non artificiose ambulantis; 2. 58 ipsius mundi natura non artificiosa solum sed plane artif ex ab eodem Zenone dicitur; Fin. 2. 1 5 non de re artificiosa, ut mathematici, loquitur (technical) ; so Vitruv. 9. 8. 7 artificiosis rationibus. (c) Of a person, abound- ing in professional knowledge: Cic. Inv. i. 61 rhetoribus qui elegantissimi atque artificiosissimi putati sunt. 2. Of things, in passive sense, artistically made: Cic. N. D. 2. 138 artificiosi operis divinique; Top. 69 animata animatis, naturalia non na- turalibus, artificiosa non artificiosis; Vitruv. 9. 9. 2 artificiosis rebus se delectare. 3. Of processes, actions, artificial as op- posed to natural: Corn. Her. 3. 16 ab or dine artificiosa; 3. 17 cum ipsa res artificiosam dispositionem artificiose commutare cogit; Cic. Div. I. 72 ea genera divinandi non naturalia sed artificiosa dicuntur; De Or. i. 186 qui ilia digesta artificiose generatim com- ponerent; Fin. 3. 32 in ceteris artibus cum dicitur ' artificiose^ pos- terum quodammodo et consequens putandum est; Vitruv. i. 6. 2 artificiosis rerum inventionibus. 4. In Cic. N. D. 2. 57 ignem Artif[cium— Arto. 297 artificiosum is a translation of Zeno's n-vp rexyiKov, dh& fiaSi^ov els yeveaiv : rational. Artlficium, in the concrete sense of a work of art : Cic. Verr. 4. 46 magna artificta fuisse in ea insula; ib. 132 haec opera atque artificia. Artlgraphia, -ae, subst. f., abstr. from artigraphus, the writing of a technical treatise: Anecd. Helv. p. 174 K. Artigraphus, -i {ars, ypaxpa), the writer of a technical treatise, especially on grammar or metre, = Greek Tfx»"ios : Serv. A. 1. 104, 5. 522; Pompeius pp. 205, 240 K, and other grammarians; also in the later rhetoricians. Artilius, nom. m.: C. I. L. 5. 8123b (Aquileia). Artinius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 3186 (Rome). I. Actio, -is, -ivi (artus), to fix or fit firmly : Cato R. R. 40. 3 surculum aridum peracutum : eo artito surculum; 41. 3 duos sur- culos artito ad medullam; Novius twice, ap. Non. p. 505 (w. 16, 41 Rib.) ; Gloss. Hild. * artire^ constringere, coniungere. II. Artio, -is, -ivi {ars), to instruct in accomplishments : Paul, p. 20 M; Placidus p. 10 D * artitus' artibus instructus; Gloss. Philox. artittis, ■nairnxfos, fiat'SaXos. Artista, -ae, subst. m., Latin rendering of Greek tcxvItijs, an artist: Vet. Transl. Arist. Rhet. 2. 23 (Paucker). Artius, adj. (Spnos), sound in mind and body: Augustus ap. Suet. Claud. 4 si est artius, ut ita dicam, SKoKKrjpos. Cogn. m.: 1. R. N. 6559 (now at Naples). Arto, -as {artus). 1. To fasten, fix closely together : Col. 12. 44. 2 transversos fustes artato, ita ut defrutum non contingant. 2. To squeeze, contract, compress, put into small compass : Lucr. I. 576 quorum condenso magis omnia conciliatu Artari possunt validasque ostendere vires; Plin. 17. 209 (vitis) contineri debet vimine, non artari; Luc. 5. 234 artatus rapido fervet qua gurgite pontus; Mela i. i. 7 ubi primum se artat, Hellespontus vocatur; Mart. I. 2. 3 hos erne quos artat brevibus membrana tabellis; Mart. 14. 190. I pellibus exiguis artatur Livius ingens. 3. To confine, put in bondage : Victor Vit. 3. 28, 46 al. poenis, vinculis artare, and the like. 4. Met., to confine the range of a thing, shorten, abridge : Veil, i . 1 6. 2 artati temporis spatium ; i . 1 6. 4 quid . . . post Isocraten clarum in oratoribus fuii? Adeo quidem artatum. angustiis temporum, ut, etc. ; 2. 10. 3 artata numero felicitas ; 2.86.1 298 Artopta — Artus. in hoc transcursu tarn artati operis; Petron. 8g artaverat ludum dies sollemnis; Mart. 12. 5. 2 longior undecimi nobis decimique libelli Artatus labor est. 5. To choke up, throng : Plin. 3. 83 angustias eas artantibus insulis parvis quae Cuniculariae appellantur; Luc. g. 234, 9. '^^ pelagus victas artasse carinas; Sil. 14. 370 classis . . . artabat lunato caerula gyro ; Mart. 2. 90. 6 arta atria immodicis imaginibus. 6. To throng or crowd a person: Plin. Pan. 23. 2 occursantium populus . . . te . . . maxime artaret. 7. In Law. (a) To shorten a time previously allowed, opp. to prorogo : Dig. 42. I. 2. (b) To preclude a person from a plea: Dig. 2. 11. 2. 8 ipse se ariaverit : neqtie sic artandus est; 43. 24. 5. i tarn artare adversarium ut intra diem occurrere ad prohibendum nonpossit. (e) To force, bind, compel: Cod. Theod. 9. 26. 3, 9. 27. 7 artari ad solutionem; 13. i. 7 adnecessitatem collationis artentur. 8. In general, to force, compel : Salv. ad Eccl. 4. 17 artat nos ad retri- butionem; Victor Vit. 2. 35 ad currendum; Scriptor de Sing. Cler. 9 artari ad labor em ; 45 j« artat ne vitietur. 9. Of the feelings, to straiten : Ennod. Vita Epiphan. p. 364 artabat cordapuer. Artopta, -ae, subst. m. (aproVrTjs), a baking-pan for fine bread : Plaut. Aul. 400 R, quoted by Plin. 18. 107 with the remark magna ob id concertatione eruditorum an versus poetae sit illius ; luv. $.'J2. (Often spelt artepta: see Lowe P. G. p. 259. A common gloss is ' artepta^ genus vasis!) Artorius, Artoria, nomina: bften in inscr. : luv. 3. 29. Artuatim, adv. from artuatus, part. pass, of artuare, limb by limb : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 'artuatim ' membratim ; Firm. Mat. Prof. Rel. 2. 2. Artullia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 2. 8 (Orsonoba in Lusitania). Artiio, -as, -avi, verb den. from artus, -Us, to tear limb from limb ; Gloss. Bodl. artata (i. e. artuata), tribulala, districta. Artus, adj., 1. close, tight, drawn or pressed close or tight: Naev. Com. 12 nimis arte conligo. (a) Plaut. Pseud. 66 compressiones artae; Epid. 694 R arte conliga; Merc. prol. 64 arte cohibitam sese a patre ; Cato R. R. 33. 5 arteque adligato ; Lucr. 6. 120 regionibus artis; Cic. Verr. i. 13 artioribus apud P. R. vin- culis tenebitur; Or. 220 ita arta et astricta ut ea . . . lax are ru- queamus; Att. 6. 2. i vincula amoris artissima; Off. 3. m nullum vinculum ad astringendam fidem artius; Caes. G. 7. 23 arte conti- nentur; so Cic. arte, artius adstringere, and the hke; Verg. A. i. 293 compagibus artis; Ov. M. 6. 242 arto nexu; Val. Max. 2. 3. 8 Artus. 299 maiestas ahstineniia artissime constringebatur ; Ateius Capito ap. Gell. 10. 6 quanto artius pressiusque conflictata essem; Vitruv. 9. 9. 11 arte leniterque versetur; Col. 6. 2. 5 arte religato ad stipttem; Tac. A. 14. 4 artius oculis et pec tori haerens; 13. 28 cohibita artius et aedilium potestas ; H. i. 38 arta custodia ; G. 20 artissimum nexum sanguinis. (b) Of dress, Hor. i. Ep. 18. 30 arta decet sanum comitem toga. (c) Met., of laws, restraints, etc.: Lucr. 5. 1147 leges artaque iura; Plin. 16. 12 leges artae et ideo superbae. (d) Met., of friendship: Tac. A. 2. 66, 4. 68 a. amicitia; Apul. M. 9. 23 contubernalis artissimi; adv., Plin. Ep. 2. 13. 5 hutic . , . arte familiar iter que dilexi; 6. 8. i artissime diligo. 2. Of places : narrow, close, confined (literally, pressed together). (a) Caes. G. •j, 18 artiores silvae; Lucr. i. 'joarta claustra; 5. ^53 artas partes ; Sail. H. 4. 61. ig artis locis; Hor. 2. Ep. i. 60 arto theatre; i. Ep. 5. zgarta convivia; Liv. 32. ro. 10 arta et confragosa loca; 32. 10. 2 artissimae ripae ; Tac. has it constantly of places : a. itinera, via, loca, later a, fauces, etc. (b) So adv. arte, ire, stare, locare, etc., to stand or move in close compass, at close quarters, closely : Plaut. Stich. 619 R si arte poteris adcubare; Sail. I. 52. 6 arte statuere aciem; C. 59. 2 artius conlocare; I. 68. 4 quam artissime ire; Curt. 4. 13. '3\ si artius starent; Plin. 12. i6 seri artissime. 3. Other- wise applied. (a) Narrow: Ov. M. i. ^^o fit {luminis) artior or bis; of a sieve, Plin. 18. 115 artiore (cribro) cernitur; of distance, Tac. A. 12. 63 artissimo inter Europam Asiamque divortio; of the person, Ulp. Dig. 21. i. 147 mulierem ita artam ut mulier fieri non possit. (b) Of metrical quantity, short: Ov. P. 4. 12. 10 artius appellem Tuficdnumque vocem. (c) Of slumber, deep : Plaut. Most. 816 L quam arte dormiunt {coagmentd); Cic. Div. i. 59 arte et graviter dormitare; Rep. 6. 10 a. somnus. (d) Of darkness, profound: Suet. Nero 46 in artissimis tenebris. 4. Met., of feelings : Hor. 2. S. 6. 82 ut tamen artum Solveret hospitiis animum (confined); Col. I. 5. 2 spes artior aquae manantis (more confined, i.e. slighter). 5. Met., of actions : Liv. 39. 32. 7 artior petitio (closer competi- tion); Tac. A. 13. 38 artum numerum {milituni) finiri (ymxAe^A. to a narrow amount). 6. Met., of circumstances, narrow, straitened : Plaut. As. 78 R arte habet ilium mater (keeps him close) ; Sail. H. 3. 61. 13 artius habere; L 45. 2 arte modum statuere; 85. 34 rue eos arte colam (in contrast with his own luxury) ; Liv. 2. 34. 5 in tarn artis commeatilus (when the means of getting provisions were so straitened); so Tac. H. 4. 26; Ov. P. 3. 2. 25 rebus in artis; Sil. 7. 310 res artae; Tac. A. 4. 58 arto comitatu (scanty); H. 3. 69, 300 Artus — Arunculeius. 4. 50 artae res; Flor. i. 22 (2. 6) 31 tarn artis adflictisque rebus; Vulg. Is. 30. 20 panem artum. 7. Neut. artum as subst., mostly with prep., a narrow place : Tac. Agr. 37 sicuhi artiora erant (if the way was narrower). In artum, into a strait : Lucr. 6. 158; Hor. A. P. 134. Met., Plin. 8. 44 a me conlecta in artum (into a short space). In arto, in a narrow space: Liv. i. 50. 8 multiplicatis in arto ordinibus ; 34. 15. 8 in arto haerentes; Tac. Agr. 36. Met., Ov. M. 9. 683 ne spem sihi ponat in arto; Liv. 26. 17. 5 cum in arto res esset; Tac. H. 3. 13 in arto commeatum; A. 4. 32 nobis in arto et inglorius labor. Artus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 3. 4376 (Arrabona, Pannonia Sup.). Arva, name of a town in Baetica, whence Arvaboresis centuria, the name of a centuria at Arva: C. I. L. 2. 1064 (c. 100 A.D.); adj. Arvensis : C. I. L. 2. 1065. Arvena = advena : Prise, i. p. 35 K. Arvenio = advenio : Diom. p. 452 K; Placidus p. 11 D. Arvenlus and Arvenla, nomina: C. I. L. 5. 2096 (Asolo). Arventia, nom. f. : I. R. N. 1012 (Luceria). Arverius, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 7. 1236 (near Chedworth in Gloucestershire) : probably the same as Arvirius ib. 1237. (Pro- bably connected with Arviragus, q. v.) Arviga, arvix, see Ariga. Arvilla, -ae, dim. of arvina, fat : Paul. p. 20 M. Arviuula, -ae, dim. of arvina, fat : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 arvinulis adipibus; so Gloss. Bodl. ; Vulg. Lev. 8. 16. ArvSpendium, a chain for measuring land : Gloss. Philox. arvipendium v tZv ev 'e^cVo): Cod. Theod. 15. 9. 2 exceptis alytarchis syriarchis ago- nothetis itemque asiarchis et ceteris. (Comp. Dig. 27. i. 6. 14 'iQvovs iepap^ia, olov 'Aatapxia ; go. 5. 8 sacerdotium proTiinciae) Asicius, Asicia, nomina: C. I. L. 6. 2375. iii. 37 (Rome, 120 A.D.); C. I. L. 2. 1772 (Gades), al. inscr. Asidius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1057. ii. 59 (Rome, 210 a.d.). Asidonius, Asidonia, nomina: C. I. L. 3. 45 (Egyptian Thebes, 134 a.d.); 2113 (Salonae); 10. 6491 (Ulubrae). These two names are spelt Assidonia and Assidonius C. I. L. 8. 332-4, 386 (Prov. Byzacena, Afr.). Asilus, -i, subst. m., a gadfly ; Nigidius De Animalibus ap. Philarg. and Schol. Bern. Verg. G. 3. 147 asilus est musca varia \cui nomeri\ tdbanus; Plin. 11. 100 asilo , sive tabanum did placet ; ib. 32. 10; Serv. G. 3. 148 (= Isid. Or. 12. 8. ig) Latine asilus, vulgo tabanus vacatur. Met., a stimulus, incitement ; Tert. Pud. 10 moechiae asilum. Asinaricius, of a mill, turned by an ass : Itala Marc. 9. 42 ; (Ronsch. I. V. p. 121). Asinastra, name of a kind of fig-tree : Cloatius ap. Macrob. 3. S. 20. I. Asisinates, the inhabitants of Asisium : Plin. 3. 113 ; in some MSS. Ass-. Asisium, name of a town in Umbria (now Assisi) ; Prop. 4. i. i2g {si I. c); C. I. L. 6. 3884. ii. go (Rome, 197 a.d.). Asisua, Assisua, or Assua, a doubtful word, glossed as ■= fovea deceptionis animaniium; Glossae Nominum p. 18 Lowe; according to Placidus p. 10 D = petaurus per nix (a trapeze) ; so Id. Harl. p. 496 Gundermann, assua vkTavpov. For attempts at explanation see Lowe 1. c. Asma, -atis {&crp,a), n., a verse : Mar. Vict. p. 161 K quorum ex- etnpla inducere supervacuum, accepta semel asmatum structione, videtur. Aspanius, Aspania, nomina: C. I. L. g, 1099, 1430 (both at Aquileia); 10. g903 (Anagnia). Aspar&gUS, -i, subst. m., aavapayo^ or a(T(pdpayos. 1. Aspargo — Aspero. 309 Garden asparagus as opposed to the wild (corrudd) : Cato R. R. 149. 2 ; 161. I ; Lucil. 3. 26 ; Inc. 166 (in pi.) ; Varro S. M. 573 (Biicheler) ; also in pL, Plin. 19. 145 ; and elsewhere in Latin. 2. A shoot or bud containing flower or seeds: Plin. 23. 27 as- paragos eius (of bryony). According to Phrynichus (Lobeck p. 1 1 1) this was a misuse of the word. Aspargo, -mis, subst., generally fern., but masc. Ennod. C. 2. 128. 3: of doubtful gender according to Prise, i. p. 169 K. Written also aspergo. The form aspargo is attested by the MSS. of Verg. A. 3. 534, and Non. p. 405 quoting the passage; by the Florentine MS. of Dig. 14. 2. 4. 2 ; Vel. Long. p. 75 K ' aspergo ' verbum est; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' aspargine' asparsione. A form of the nom. aspargen is preserved by Mar. Vict. p. 7 K. 1. A sprinkling, shower, rain : Lucr. 6. 525 (sol) adversa fulget nim- borum aspargine contra ; Verg. A. 3. 534 salsa aspargine ; Ov. M. 1. 572 summisque aspargine silvas Impluit; 3. 86; 4. 125 caedis, and elsewhere; Petron. 102 aquae asperginem; Solin. 53. 24 cum maxime lunares liquuntur aspergines; Amm. 27. 4. 14; Sidon. Ep. 2. I superiectae asperginis. 2. Of flames: Ov. M. 14. 796 jlammi/era . . .fumant aspargine pastes (the rain of fire). 3. Of colour, tinge: Ennod. C. 2. 82. 5 candentem crocea gestans as- pargine frontem. 4. Met., a taint, stain : Pronto ad Amicos p. 195 Naber cuius infamiae aspergo inquinat simul multos et dedecorat; Prud. Apoth. 937 omni culparum aspergine liber. 5. Damp, or moisture in general: Cato R. R. 128; Vitruv. 5. 11. i; Plin. 22. 63 parietum aspergines; Dig.. 14. 2. 4. 2 alter ius aspargine (the damp that has spoilt one part of the cargo). 6. As 1. 1. of Medicine, a sprinkling, = the Greek o-u/in-aa/ia : Cael. Aur. Acut. 3. 38. 218 sympasmatibus utentes quae nos aspergines dixerimus; ib. Chron. 3. 7. 93. Aspectameu (aspecto), sight: Claud. Mam. Stat. An. 2. 12 iucunda aspectamini (where however Hartel reads spectamint). Aspectiis, -us, meaning the eye : Ennod. Opusc. i. p. 284 ; 3. p. 347 Hartel. Aspernamentum {aspernor), a thing to be rejected, an abomina- tion : Itala Lev. 20. 13, Deut. 27. 15, Is. 2. 20 (Ronsch I. V. p. 22). Aspero, -as, -avi, verb den. from asper. 1. To make rough: Varro R. R. i. 52. i asper ata f err tabula; Col. 8. 3. 6 asserculis, qui paulum formatis gradibus asper anlur; Non. p. 8 M rugis frontem contrahere et asper are; Pallad. 3. 31. 2 asp. limum 3 1 o Asperstts — Assator. dysenteriacaepassionis. 2. To sharpen : Luc. 6. 8oi abrupiaque saxa Asperat ; Tac. G 46 z« sagittis, quas inopia ferri ossibus asperant; A. 15. ^i, pugionem . . . asperari saxo. 3. Of water, to lash into foam: Verg. A. 3. 285 et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas: imitated by Luc. 8. 195; Val. Fl. 2. 435. 4. To cause to bristle: Prud. Perist. 10. 275 dum Mmervae pectus hydris asperat. 5. Of sound, in a sentence, to make harsh : Quint. 9. 4. 31 asperandae compositionis gratia. 6. Of per- sons, and their feelings, to exasperate : Varro R. R. 3. 16. 20 cum torpent apes, nee caloribus asperantur; Stat. Theb. i. 137 indomitos ... discordia fratres Asperat; Tac. H. 3. 38 Vitellium; ib, 82 militem; so A. i. 72, 3. 12; H. 2. 48 tram victoris. 7. Of a thing, to intensify, aggravate : Tac. A. 2. 29 «f lenire neve asperare crimina videretur; Gael. Aur. Acut. 2. 37. 195 asperata parvo motu passionis . . . magnitudo; Dig. 48. 19. 42 interpretatione legum poenae molliendae sunt potius quam asperandae. 8. To make harsh or unattractive : Prud. Psych. 430 lascivas vitae inlecebras gustatus amarae Mortis, et horrifico super ultimus asperat haustu. Aspersiis, -us [aspergd), a sprinkling : Plin. 8. 134. 11. 279. 13. 82 ; Ven. Fort. Carm. 5. g. 104 aspersu sacro fit gregis alter odor. Asphaltus, -i, subst. m., asphalt or bitumen : Isid. Or. 13. 19. 4. AsphSdelum., neuter form oi asphodelus : Gell. i8. 2. 13. Aspiratio, in the metaphorical sense of inspiration, influence : Tert. Apol. 22 asp. daemonum . . . mentis . . . corrupielas agit; Int. Iren. 3. 21. 2 dei; Lact. 2. 14. 10; Amm. 15. 2. 8 aspiratione superni numinis ; 26. i. 5 numinis aspiratione caelestis. Aspirativus, (adsp-), adj. from aspiratus, t. t. of Grammar, ex- pressing aspiration : Cornut. ap. Cass. Orth. p. 153 K '^' littera ipsa per se aspirativa est. Aspratiira (asperare), rough, fresh coin : Gloss. Philox. as- pratura, koWv^ou. Assa, -ae, word of doubtful authority in Grom. Lat. p. 402 L carbones aut testa aut ossa aut vitrum aut assas ferri aut aes aut calcem aut gypsum, aut vas fictile. (Two good MSS. give assas, a third asses, a fourth, of unstated authority, has massas. In any case the meaning seems to be lumps or pieces.) Assarlus, adj. from as, worth an as: Cato R. R. 132. 2 daps lovi assaria pecunia ; Sen. Apoc. 1 1 . 2 (emend. Mommsen). As subst., = as (see As ad init.). AssatSr, -oris, subst. verb. ag. from assare, one who roasts : Assecula — Assentio. 31 1 Gloss. Philox. assaior, owravevs; Glossae Nominum p. 19 Lowe ' assator ' /rixor. Asseciila, -ae (ads-), subst. of common gender, Charis. p. 52 K. One who follows, a follower, hanger-on, with some idea of re- proach : Cic. Corn. 2. 3 OreW. adsentatores eorum atque adseculae ; Verr. i. 65, 3. 30, 34; Sest. 135; Att. 6. 3. 6 ; Nep. Att. 6. 4; Liv. 5. II. 2 patriciorum; luv. 9. 48 humili adseculae. (The spell- ing adsecula is attested by Charis. I.e., and in several cases by the MSS. of Cic; though the contracted form adsecla is also found. The Epinal Glossary twice has adsaecula ; and so Gloss. Philox.) Asseciius, (ads-), adj. from adsequor, following closely, at- tentive: Plaut. Trin. 1118 adsecue sequitur; fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6. 73 nunc sequere adiecue, Polyladisce. (See Lachmann's Lucretius p. 304.) Assedulo (ads-), adv. from lost adj. adsedulus, sedulously ; the Bembine MS. of Terence gives this form in Ad. 50 tile ut . . . me habeaifacio adsedulo ; the other MSS. however have sedulo. Assella, nomen f. : C. I. L. 5. 4046 (between Mantua and Verona). Assentxae, subst. f. pi. : glossed as = adsentationes, flatteries ; Placidus p. 3 D. (The form looks corrupt.) Assentio, -is, -sensi, -sensum (ads-). 1. The active, form was noticed by the ancient scholars: Varro ap. Gell. 2. 25. 9 ; Quint, i. 5. 13 ; Nonius p. 469 ; Diom. p. 381 K ; Prise, i. p. 399 K. To agree : abs., with dat. of person with whom, and some- times with cogn. ace. of the thing in which one agrees. (In the majority of cases in the Ciceronian age and later the verb is found in the perf.). Plaut. Amph. 824 R adsentiant illud quod dicam (in that); Rud. 975 R adsentio; Ace. 476 adsensit silens ; 50 adsentio; Pompon. 167; Sisenna ap. Quint, i. 5. 13; Cic. Inv. i. 51. 54; Fam. 5. 2. 9 ; Att. 9. 9. I ; Q. F. 2. i. 2 ; Legg. 2. 23 (adsentio MSS.); Verg. A. 2. 130 adsensere omnes; Ov. M. 3. 406, 9. 259, 14. 592; Liv. I. 54. I adsentire se veteribus Gabinis dixerit; Tac. H. 5. 3 ; A. 3. 23, 51 ; Suet. Vesp. 6 ; Apul. M. 7. 5; Gell. 6. 5. 5 his ad- sentimus. In pass., answering to act. with cogn. ace. : Cic. Ac. 2. ^g percepta adsensa (i.e. qime adsensimus) ; impersonal: Cic. Fam. I. 2. I Bibulo adsensum est. 2. Deponent form adsentior, adsensus sum; Plaut. Merc. 142 R tibi adsentior; Lucil. 12. 9 ad- sensus sum homini; Varro R. R. 2. i. 27; Qa<^. passim; Sail. C. 52. I ceieri verba alius alii varie adsentiebantur ; Liv. 25. 30. 6 omnes adsensi sunt; 41. 24. 19; and elsewhere in Latin. With cogn. ace. 312 Assentor — Assequor . of the thing in which one agrees : Cic. N. D. 3. 64 non habeo quod tibi adsentiar ; Ac. 2. 68 quicquam; De Or. i. 35 cetera adsentior Crasso; i. 126 illudtibi; 3. 184 illud adsentior Theophrasto. Assentor, -aris, -atus sum (ads-). 1. To make as if one agreed with a person, to put on an appearance of assent : abs., and with dat. of person. (a) Plant. Amph. 702 R etiam tu ad- sentaris huicel Most. 237 1-, adsentalor tibi potius ; Mil. 35 Rib. ^/ adseniandumst, quicquid hie mentibitur ; Men. 418 R adsentabor, quicquid dicit, mulieri ; Ter. Eun. 490; Ad. 988; Cic. Lael. 97, 99; Ac. 2. 45. (b) With cogn. ace, Ter. Eun. 253 omnia adsentari (in everything). 2. To flatter: Plant. Most. 168 L adsentari mihi; Cic. Fam. 3. 11. 2, 9. 12. i. 3. In a good sense, to express assent: Quint. 11. 3. 102 caesim manus lenior permittit et adsentatur; Tert. Exh. Cast. 4 cui consilio adsentabimurl (The word cannot be, as is said commonly, the intensive of adsentior, but apparently is formed from the base sent- as aspernor from spern-, neco from nee. Compare subsentator, quoted from Plautus by Fronto, p. 33 Naber.) Assequella, -ae (ads-), (adsequor), a clause which follows : Marius Vict. p. 57 K neque in epodis singuli versus sine dausulis suis et adsequellis audiri poterunt epodoe. Assequibilis, -e (ads-), adj. from adsequor, to be attained : Vet. Transl. Arist. Rhet. i. 2 bene adsequibilia (Paucker). Assequor, -secutus sum (ads-), to follow up, overtake. 1. Plant. Pseud. 249 F; Mil. 1349 Rib.; Ter. Ph. 982 adsequere, retine, dum ego hue servos evoco; Lucil. 4. 41 adsequitur nee opi- nantem ; Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. i. 94 ; Pall. Inc. 44 a tergo insequens Nee opinantes adsecuta est; Cic. Att. 3. 5 si es Romae, iam me ad- sequi non potes; Off. i. no nee quicquam sequi quod adsequi non queas ; Liv. 24. 20. 2, 28. 16. 2, 32. 16. 3 adsecutus ad Zamam in- sulam; 33. 8. 12; Tac. H. 3. 60; and often in Latin. 2. Met., to overtake, that is, equal, match a person: Cic. Legg. i. 7 quern si adsequi posset; Fam. i. 4. 4; Quinct. 31 ita in utroque excellunt ut nemo nostra loco natus adsequi possit. 3. Of a quahty or action, to attain to, get to a level with : Corn. Her. 4. 28 ut longitudo aut plenitudo harum multitudinem alterius adsequatur et exaequet; Cic. Cluent. 196 maiorum gravitatem ; Cat. 4. 20 tantam laudem ; Fam. 6. 4. 5 merita, and elsewhere in Cic. ; Plin. Ep. 4. 8. 5 ingenium eius. 4. To overtake, i.e. attain to, get, gain, realize. (a) Varro R. R. i. 68 adsequi maturitatem ; 3. 6. 3 fructum (of profit realised); Cic. Fam. 5. 6. 2 hoc rebus gestis sum AssSr — Assero. 313 adsecuius; Q. F. i. i. 12 laudem; Att. 11. 7. 3 quod vis ; 11. 23. 2 adsequi nihil cogitatione ; and so often in all Latin. (b) Followed by a verbal clause : Varrp R. R. 2. 4. 20 adsequi desiderium parentis ferre ; often in Cic. with ut, as e. g. oratione adsequi ut populares esse videantur; and so often in Latin. 5. Of the mind, to over- take, i. e. to follow a thing home, get hold of it, grasp it : Cic. often, e.g. Att. 8. II D. 5 adsequi suspicione non poiui; Att. 7. 12 a. 4 quidconiectura adsequaris. 6. So generally, to understand ; with ace, or followed by verbal clause : Cic. Inv, 2. 139 qui cogitatione adsequi possent et voluntatem interpretari; N.D.3. 38 utapertis obscura 'adsequamur ; N. D. 2. 97 nulla consilio adsequi possumus quanta consilio gerantur; Curt. 4. 16. 10 animo adsequi aut oratione com- plecti; Gell. 20. i. 5 inscitiae non adsequentium ; Vulg. i Tim. 4. 6 bonae doctrinae quam adsecutus es ; 2 Tim. 3. 10 adsecutus es meam doctrinam. 7. To follow up a subject: Varro L. L. 10. 9 quern locum aut inceperunt neque adsequi potuerunt. 8. In later Latin, simply = w^^or : Ennod. Opusc. 8. p. 415 (Hartel) commodum . . . quod serenum examen adsequitur. Asser, -eris, subst. m., a pole : Naev. Com. 32 ; Plaut. Aul. 357 R; Cato R. R. 14. i; C. I. L. i. 577 (105 b.c.) inasserato asseribus abiegnieis sectilibus; Varro L. L. 5. 140, 7. 23 ; and often elsewhere in Lat. (Probably from ad and ser-, to fasten, bind, as agger is from aggero.) Assero, -seriii, -sertum, -serere (ads-). Literally, to bind close, bind to oneself : so 1. To grasp : Formula of Augurs quoted by Varro L. L. 6. 64 si mihi auctor es verbenam manu adserere. 2. In law, to take hold of a person as a sign of claiming him : fre- quently in the phrases manu, or (as is sometimes given in good MSS.) manum adserere ; adserere aliquem in liber tatem, to claim him as a free man ; in servitutem, as a slave ; again adserere aliquem liberali causa. Adserere manu=to grasp with the hand; ads. manum (if the form is sound), to grasp the hand of the person claimed (see Fest. p. 340 M). Plaut. Poen. 905 R manu eas adserat . . . liberali causa; so ib. 1102, 1348; Cure. 669; Pers. 163 R a lenone illam adserito manu; ib. 717 adseratur haec manu; Rud. 973 R mei sunt . . . nee manu adserantur neque illinc partem quisquam postulet ; Ter. Ad. 194 nam ego liberali illam adsero causa manu; (where Donatus says sunt iuris verba, a quibus etiam adsertores dicuntur vindices alienae libertatis) ; Varro L. L. 6. 64 ; Cic. Flacc. 40 in causa liberali qui adserebatur ; Liv. 3. 44. 5 virginem in servitutem adsereret; 34. 18. 2 adserendi in servitutem; Suet. Aug. 74 adserto 3H Ass6r6. in ingenuUatem ; Tib. 2 in servitutem ; Vit. i o in liber laiem ; Vesp. 3; Gramm. 21; Dig. 40. 14. 2 qui se ex liber tinitate ingenuitati adserant; 47. 10. 11. 9 je adserit in libertatem. Met., Liv. 8. 5. 4 quamquam. armis possumus adserere Latium in libertatem ; Ov. M. I. 761 meque adsere caelo; Mart. i. 15. 9 haec utraqae manu com- plexuque adsere toto. 3. Without manu, to set free : Ov. Am. 3. II. 3 adserui iam me; Sen. Tranq. 17. 8 Liber ... liberal servitio cur arum animum et adserit; Plin. Ep. 2. 10. 4 morialitaiem, a qua te adserere . . .potes. 4. Of a thing, to vindicate it, maintain its independent existence, assert it : Quint. 6. 5. 8 in adse- renda libertate reipublicae; Mart. 9. loi. 13 adseruit possessa malis Palatia regnis ; Suet. lul. 16 in adserenda dignitate ; Cal. 60 in adserenda libertate; Claud. 10 adserturi communem libertatem; Flor. I. 7 (13). 19 post adsertam a Manlio urbem; i. 34 (2. 18). 16 adseruit cum fide socios ; i. 38 (3. 3). 19 liberatae Italiae adser- iique imperii; 2. 4(3. 16). i Gracchanas adserere leges ; 2. 5(3. 17). 4 equitem Servilius Caepio, senatum Livius Drusus adserere; 2. 5 (3. 17). I easdem leges adserere conatus; C. I. L. 6. 1783 (Rome-, 431 A.D.) adserere honorem (maintain). 5. To claim as one's own; to keep hold of: Quint. 4. 2. 95 ter abdicatum iuvenem . . . iamquam suum filium adserit; Mart. 7. 63. 10 adserto qui sacer orbe fuit; 9. i. 3 dum grande famuli nomen adseret Rheni; 10. 35.5 non haec Colchidos adserit furorem (claims as the subject of her poem). 6. To take under one's patronage i Cypr. Ep. 70. 2 adserunt haereticos, and so elsewhere in Cypr. 7. To protect (comically): Mart. 11. g8. 10 non te cucullis adseret caput tectum; 14. 142 hoc foe ale tuas adserat auriculas^ 8. To enslave: Lucan 3. 56 namque adserit urbes Sola fames (the Scholia explain it ' liberates ' ; but the context clearly points to the opposite meaning), 9. To appropriate to oneself, claim : Ov. M. I. 462 nee laudes adsere nostras; Veil. 2. 60. i adserebant . . . fata . . . conditorem . .. Romani nominis ; Plin. 7. 137 sibi cognomen adseruit; Quint, pr. 16 quae velut propria philosophiae adserun- tur; 9. 3. 64 sibi artem figurarum adserere; 12. i. 20 ads. sapientis sibi nomen; Plin. Ep. i. 3. 3 quin tu . . . ipse te studiis adserisl (let study claim you for itself); lustin. 44. 3. 2 Gallaeci sibi Graecam originem adserunt; Suet. Otho 9 dominationem sibi; Dig. 5. 4. I. 2 sibi partem dimidiam hereditatis. 10. To claim in support of a statement, and so to affirm a thing, assert it as true. (a) Treb. Pollio xxx Tyr. 12. 3 quantum . . . Astyanax , . . adserit; Spartian. Pesc. Nig. 3. 5 adserens necessarium rei Assertio — Assertbr. 315 puhlicae virum; Cypr. Cath. Eccl. Un. 3 adserentes nodem pro die (pretending night to be day); Ep. 73. 25 adseritur haereticorum baptisma (is claimed, asserted as genuine) ; Ep. 44. i quae adserunt (which they assert) ; Oros. 3. 20. ^pro adserenda omnium temporum alternanti calamiiate (insisting upon, asserting) ; Macrob* Somn. Scipionis i. 20. 10 cum defectum lunae conantur adserere. (b) Followed by aec. and inf. : Sen. Exc. Contr. 4. 2. 5 adserens contra Metellum agendum; 'j. i. 10 adserens minus verecundum esse; Aur, Vict. Orig. Gentis Rom. 9. 8 ; Mart. Cap. 6. 601 si congrue videtur adsertum,t.\.c.; Ps. Cypr. De Sing. Cler. 26. And generally in later Latin: see Paucker De Latinitate Scriptorum Historiae Augustae p. 99. (In Varro L. L. 9. 108, cur non sit analogia, adserunt quod, etc., Spengel is probably right in reading adferunt^ 11. Of a person, to approve {= probare): Cod. Theod. 4. 8. 9 quern adserant suffragia munerum et privilegia meritorum. 12, Subst. m., adsertum, -i, an assertion, statement : Mart. Cap. 6. 599. Assertio, -onis (ads-), (adsero, -serui). 1. The act or right of claiming a person as free or as a slave : Prise. 2. p. 365 K adsertio tam a servitute in libertatem quam a lihertate in servitutem trahi significat. Quint. 3. 6. 57 sitne liber qui est in adsertione; 5. 2. i adsertio secunda; 11. i. 78 in secunda adsertione aut in centum- viralibus iudiciis duplicibus; Traian. ad Plin. Ep. 10. 66 (72) nee adsertionem denegandam esse iis qui ex eiusmodi causa in libertatem vindicabuntur puto ; Suet. Dom. 8 ne se perfusoriis adsertionibus accommodarent ; lul. Cap. M. Anton. 9. 9 de adsertionibus legem. 2. A vindication: Arnob. 4. 21 deorum adsertio religiosaX Victor Vit. 2. 60 paternae unitatis declaratur adsertio; Cod. Theod. 16. I. 3 Trinitatis ordinem, personarum assertionem, et divinitatis unitatem. 3. A claiming: Minuc. Fel. Oct. 38 verae libertatis adsertio. 4. A plea : Cod. Theod. 4. 22. 2 si inanis probetur adsertio. 5. An assertion of a thing as true: Arnob. i. 32 adsertio talis ret. 6. A statement : Cod. Theod. 9. 34. 7 (in pi.) ; Script. Itin. Alex. 43 ; and often in other late Latin. Assertdr, -oris (ads-), (adsero, -serui). 1. One who claims another either as free or as a slave ; or who maintains an action concerning another person's freedom : Fest. p. 340 M cum cuipiam adserat manum, educendi eius gratia ex servitute in libertatem, vacatur adsertor; see also Gains 4. 14. Liv. 3. 44. 8; 3. 47 j Ascon. in Cornel, p. 63 Orelli ; al. Lat. 2. One who maintains or vindicates a thing : an avenger : a champion : abs., and with gen. of object : Plin. 20. 160 luliuM Vindicem adsertorem ilium a Nerone libertatis ; 316 Assertrix— Assessorius. Sen. Ep. 13. 14 Catoni gladium adsertorem libertatis extorque ; Mart. !• 53' 5 •f^ de servitio gravi queruntur, Adsertor venias ; i. 25. 3 qui loquitur Curios adsertoresque Camillos; Quint, i. 6. 39 verba a vetustate repeiita magnos adsertores habent; Tac. H. 2. 61 adsertor Galliarum ; Suet. lul. 80 populo . . . adsertores flagitante ; Tib. 2 adsertores unices dignitatis; Galba 9 ut humano generi adsertorem ducemque se accommodaret ; Cj^t. Ep. 10. 3 adsertores sui nominis ; ib. 44. 3 evangelii; Macrob. S. 7. 4. 3 nee longe petendus adsertor est; Oros. 5. 22. 16 Lepidus, adsertor Marianae partis; 7. 32. 6 Arriani dogmatis adsertor. Assertrix, -tricis (ads-), fem. of adsertor, a champion : lulian ap Augustin. Op. Imp. c. lul. 6. 5 init. voluptatem . . . adsertricem iuris diabolici. Asservo, -as (ads-). 1. To guard, keep in custody : Plaut. Amph. 349 R; Capt. 115 R; Bacch. 750 R; Ter. And. 865 ads. vinctum; Heaut, 593 tibi istic adservandust ; 734 die me hie oppido esse invitam atque adservari; Cic. Verr. 3. 60, and often elsewhere in his speeches ; Liv. 5. 40. 7 ; 6. 33. 4 ne auctore quidem adservato. 2. To watch, keep an eye on: Plaut. Rud. 777 R hunc quoque adserva, nequoabitet; CatuU. 17. 16 adservanda nigerrimis diligentius uvis ; Caes. C. i. 21 portam murosque adser- vari iussit; 3. 28 ads. earn partem orae maritimae; Liv. 4. 55. 2 duos consules adservandos adsidua opera desumunt ; Curt. 9. 7. 2 Bactriana arce, quae neglegentius adservata erat. 3. To keep, preserve: Cic. Arch. 9 tabulae neglegentius adservatae; Phn. 7. 75. 198 ; 9. 48. 80. Met., Cic. Caec. 73 ius civile . . . si neglegentius adservatutn erit (observed). Assessio, (ads-), (adsideo). 1. Remaining by a person's side : Cic. Fam. 11. 27. 4 quaefuit adsessio tua (how you remained with me). 2. The office of judicial assessor : Augustin. Conf. 8. 6. 13 ; Cod. lust. i. 51. 14. i and 2. Assessdr, -oris {adsideo). 1. One who sits by : Non. p. 73 ; Augustin. Serm. 58. i Assessor Patris. 2. An assessor, one who sits by to assist a public functionary : Cic. Div. i. 95 Lacedaemonii regibus suis augurem adsessorem dederunt ; Sen. Tranq. 3. 4 adeuntibus adsessoris verba pronuntiat; Suet. Galba \^ ex adsessore praefectus praetorii; Spartianus Pesc. Niger 7. 3 foil. adsessores in quibus provinciis adsedissent in his administrarent; and not seldom in legal Latin. Assessorius [assessor), belonging to an assessor : only as the title of a legal manual, in n. pi. {Assessorid): Dig. 2. 14. 12 (of Assestrix— Assevero. 317 a work by Puteolanus) in libra prima Assessariorum ] in neut. (or masc.) sing. : Dig. 47. 10. 5. 8 Sabinus in Adsessario . . . praetores . . . exemplum legis secuturos ait. Assestrix, -ieis (ads-), fern, of assessar, a woman who sits by : Afran. 181 dimittif adsestricem, me ad sese vocai; Vulg. Sap. 9. 4 sedium tuarum adsestricem sapientiam. Asseveratio, -onis (ads-), (adsevero). 1. Earnest, vehe- nnent assertion: Corn. Her. i. 4 expositio cum adseveratione ; Cic. Att. 13. 23. 3 adseveratione omni\ Val. Max. 5. 9. 4; Plin. 29. 61 ; Tac. A. 4 15 (with ace. and inf) magna cum adseveratiane principis, nan se ius nisi in servitia dedisse; A. 4. 52 ads. Caesaris. 2. Earnestness, emphasis, vehemence: Quint. 11. 3. 2 neque probatio ulla . . . tarn firma est ut nan perdat vires suas, nisi adiuvatur adseveratione dicentis ; Plin. Pan. 67. i quae adseveratio in voce; Liv. Epit. 48 qui se Persei filium ingenti adseveratione mentiretur ; Tac. A. 2. 31 accusatio . . . eadem adseveratione per acta; 3. 35 eadem ads. ; 4. 19 multa ads.; 4. 42 magna ; Fronto p. 212. 10 N (Laudes Fumi et Pulveris). 3. Apparently = positiveness, assurance: Arnob. 4. x^ ex adseveratione rei cognitae monstrari (the certainty derived from an ascertained fact?). 4. As t. t of Grammar = an interjection: Quint, i. 4. 20 adiciebant et adseverationem, ut ' ekeu.' Assevero, -as (ads-), {severus). A. Trans. 1. To make serious: Apul. M 3. 13 vultuosam frantem rugis insurgenti- bus adseverabat; 8. 6 frantem adseverat. 2. To assert with earnestness or emphasis ; with ace. or verbal clause, sometimes also with de : Plant. Mil. 759 Rib. ; Cic. Cluent. 72 pulchre adseverat se db Oppianico destitutum esse; Phil. 2. 80 se facturum esse; Att. 10. 14. 3 se in exilium iturum; Ac. 2. 35 ulla de re adseverare; Brut. 208 quemadmodum adversarius de quaque re adseverat; Or. 239 de quo . . . tanto opere adseveravi ; Plin. 12. 83. In Tac. very often with the ace. and inf., often also with simple accusative : e. g. H. 2. 96 tiec ullum civilis belli metum adseverabat; 3. 22 ordinem agminis adseverare non ausim (to affirm what was the order); A. 13. 18 viros gravitatem adseverantes {tm'pha.samgT) ; Suet. Vesp. 5 ads. fore ut, etc. 3. To affirm, i. e. to prove : Tac. Agr. 1 1 magni artus Germanicam originem adseverant. B. Intrans., to be serious as opp. to jesting. 1. Cic. Verr. 2.26 utrum adseveratur in hoc an temptatur ? (impersonal passive) ; Brut. 293 bella ironia, si iocaremus : sin adseveramus, vide ne, etc. ; Quint. 9. 2. ^1) frequentius adseverat quam eludit; and 9. 2, 104. 3i8 AssidSo. 2. Adv. from pres. pa.Tt.,adseveranier,comp. -z«j, seriously, earnestly ; Cic. Att. ig. 19. 2 valde adseveranter locutum esse; Ac, 2. 6r mul/o adseverantius. 3. Adv. from past part, pass., adseverate, seriously, carefully (?) : Gall. 6. 5. 2 tragoedias poetarum mbilium scite atque adseverate actitavit. Assideo, -es, -sedi, -sessum (ads-). 1. To sit by : with ad, apud, dat., and ace: Charis. p. 295 K adsideo praetori et praeforem. (a) Plaut. Rud. 532 R aput carbones ; Most. 1129 L adsedere sibi; Caecil. 160; Cic. Verr. 2. 83 qui nobis adsidet; 5. 112 cum mater . . . adsideret ; and often elsewhere in all Lat. With ace. Sail. I. 11. 3 dextra Adherbalem adsedit. (b) Abs., to sit near: Cic. Brut. 200 adsidens et attente audiens; Liv. 9. 46. 9 qui ibi adsidebant; al. Lat. (o) Specially, of sitting by a person to tend him in sickness : Hor. i. S. i. 82 habes qui Adsideat; Prop. 4. 3. 41 adsidet una soror ; Plin. Ep. 7. 19. i dum adsidet luniae virgini; Tac. Agr. 45 valetudini, and several times in Tac; Ennod. Opusc. 5. p. 396 Hartel. (d) In legal phraseology, to sit by as assessor: Prop. 4. 11. 21 adsideant fratres ; Tac. A. i. 75 patrum cognitionibus \ 2. 57 rarus in tribunali Caesaris Piso, ac si quando adsideret, etc. (e) In council: Quint. 8. 4. 21 Priamo adsidentes. (f) To sit by to aid a person in a case ; to assist as advocate: Quint. 7. i. 52 ut agere non potueris, adsidere potuisti; Fronto ad Caes. 4. 13 p. 75 Naber, oscitanti iudici adsidere. (g) To sit near a place to besiege it, with ace. and dat. : Sail. H. 4. 42 Amisumque adsideri sine proeliis audiebat; Verg. A. 11. 304 dtim muros adsidet hostis ; Ciris 268 moenibus; Liv. 21. 25. 6 muris ; 23. 19. 5 Casilino ; Curt. 4. 3. i uniurbi ; Sil. 9. 623 adsidet arces; 12. 453 adsessos Capuae muros; Tac. H. 2. 22 isdem castris; 4, 58; A. 6. 43 castellum; Gell. 7. i. 8 (from an older writer) adsidebat oppugnabatque oppidum. (h) To attend to : Plin. Ep. 3. 5. 19 litteris ; Pan. 81 gubernaculis. (i) To watch, attend; Tac. A. 13. 24 ludis; 25 theatre. (k) Met., to be very near to : Hor. I. Epist. 5. li^ parous . . . nimiumque severus Adsidet insane. 2. To sit down, take one's seat : (a) Plaut. Stich. 7 R set hie, soror, adside ; Pompon. 114 adside, si qua ventura est ; M. Brutus ap. Cic. De Or. 2. 224 adsedimus in Tiburti ego et Marcus filius ; Cic. Rose. Am. 60; Or. 129; Att. i. 14. 2 ut adsedit; Lucr. 4. 102^/ontem propter amoenum Adsidet; Sail. C. 31. 7, 53. i ; Ascon. in Corn. p. 59 Orelli (of a praetor taking his seat in court) cum P. Cassius adsedisset; Suet. lul. 82 ; Tib. 14 aquila ...in culmine domus eius adsedit (settled). (b) To sit = sedeo: Plaut. Stich, 153 R Assido — Assiduus. 319 aput portum servos unus adsidet; Bacch. 278 "^ forte ut adsedi in stega ; True. 67 R (si I. f.) circum argentarias adsident. Assido, -18, -ere (ads-). 1. To sit down, take one's seat : Plaut. Bacch. 432 R aput magistrum adsideres ; Stich. 90 R istic adsiditur; Rud. 688 R adsidite hie in ara ; Aul. 606 R in ara hie adsidam saera; Cato R. R. 157. 11 ; Ter. Heaut. 124 adsido: accurrunt servi, soccos detrahunt; Turpil. 125 apudignem adsidam; Cic. Ac. r. 14 adsidamus ; Fin. 2. 59 si scieris . . . aspidem oceulte latere uspiam et velle aliquem imprudentem super earn adsidere, . . . improhe feceris nisi monueris ne adsidat. 2. Of a bird or bee, to settle : Varro R. R. 3. 16. 6 nulla apumadsidit in loco inquinato; 'b- 3- 5- 3- I' is, of course, impossible in prose to be certain whether the inf adsidere and the part. pres. adsidens is from adsideo or adsido. Assidonins, nom. m.: C. I. L. 6. 1057. v. 132 (Rome, a.d. 210). Assidiiltas, -atis (ads-) {adsiduus). 1. Constant pre- sence in a place, constant attendance on a person : Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 43, 50; Cic. Miu". 21, 67, and elsewhere often in his speeches, e.g. Verr. i. 101 quod levissimum est, adsiduitate ; Q. F. I. 3. 4 ads. quotidiana; Tac. D. 5 adsiduitate contubernii ; Suet. Tib. 10 vitato adsiduitatis fastidio. 2. Unremitting perse- verance or application: Cic. Rose. Am. 149; Man. 20; Balb. 6; Fam. 7. 6. i adsiduitate et virtute consequi aliquid; Att. 12. 33. 2 ads. medici; 15. 4. i ; Vulg. Eccl. 7. 14; 20. 27; 38. 28. 3. Of acts, constant habit, frequent repetition : Corn. Her. 3. 40 ads. exercitationis ; Cic. Inv. i. 4 dicendi; Att. 16. 5. 2 orationis; N. D. 2. 96 adsiduitate quotidiana; Off. 2. 74 hellorum; Suet. Aug. 43 spectaculorum; Dom. 22 ; Vulg. Eccl. 41. 9 opprobrii. 4. Of a thing, repetition: Corn. Her. 4. 18 ads. eiusdetn litter ae. Continuance : Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16. 25 ads. epistularum. Assidiio, -as (ads-), {assiduus), to apply constantly: Vulg. Eccl. 30. I adsiduat ei flagella. Adv. from part. pres. assiduanter, constantly: Liber Glossarum quoted by Lowe Gloss. Nom. p. 164. Assidiius, (ads-), adj. : compar. adsiduior Varro R. R. 2. 10. 6. Originally = settled ; so 1. An occupier of land, a wealthy man: Gell. 16. 10. 15 adsiduus in XII tabulis pro locuplete et facile faciente dictus; so Varro Vita P. R. i. ap. Non, p. 67; L. L. 7. 99; Cic. Top. 10; Rep. 2. 40; Quint. 5. 10. 55; Chans, p. 75 K; Isid. Or. 10. 17. Legg. XII i. 4 W adsidua 330 Assignificatio — Assigmfieo. vindex adsiduus esto : proletario quisquis volei vindex esto. 2. Met, reputable, of good position: Gell. 19. 8. 15 classicus adsi- duusque aliqui scriptor. 3. Constantly with a person, con- stantly in a place, always there : Plaut. Trin. 202 urbani adsidui cives quos scurras vacant; Cato R. R. 144. 4 adsiduos homines praebeto; Ace. 386 adsiduum custodem virginis; Cic. Rose. Am. 81, 92, 94 Romae adsiduus; ib. 18 in praediis; ib. 67 adsiduat domesticaeque Furiae ; Plane. 2 1 solidam ei robustam et adsi- duam /requentiam ; Pis. 64 adsidua urbanaque vita ; elsewhere he has ruri adsiduus ; Varro L. L. 7. 99 qui adesf adsiduus ; CatuU. 66. 88 adsiduus amor (sedes vestras incolat); Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 37 ; Prop. 3. 25. 4 elevat adsiduos copia longa vivos (opp. to absentes); Liv. i. 20. 2. flaminem lovi adsiduum sacerdotem creavit (perpetually resident) ; i. 20. 3 adsiduae templi antistites ; 32. 10. 6 adsiduus in oculis hominum; 32. 19. 7 gravis et adsiduus hostis (always there); 34. 9. 5 ads. custos; Ov. M. 6. 219 adsiduis pulsatus equis ; Suet. Tib. 1 1 circa scholas ads. ; and elsewhere in Latin. 4. Persevering, untiring: C. I. L. i. ion ille meo ojjicio adsiduo florebat; Corn. Her. 4. 18 adsiduus in aliquo vitio; Cic. De Or. 2. 162 his adsiduis . . . eandem incudem diem nociemque tundentibus ; Varro R." R. 2. 9. 6; 2. 10. 6 eosque adsiduiores faciunt; Cic. Att. 13. 12. 3 ads. cursus; Plancus ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 21. 7 ads. febricula; Lucr. 4. 974 operas; Prop. 2, 19. 31 in adsidua . . . lingua ; and in later Lat. 5. Constant, per- petual, continual: Plaut. As. 428 R adsiduam operam dedi; Lucr. I. 995 motu; Cic. De Or. i. 150; Prop. i. 3. 5 adsiduis . . . fessa chords ; Suet. Aug. 7 1 adsiduissimi usus ; and very common in all Latin. 6. Adv. adsidtie, sup. adsiduissime, constantly : often in Lat., e. g. Ter. Hec. 2 1 7 ; Ad. Prol. 16; Heaut. Prol. 462 ; Corn. Her. 4. 69 ; Cic. Div. i. 74; Lucr. 6. 11 59; Verg. 7. Adv. adsiduo: Plaut, Amph. 168 R; Mil. 50 Rib.; Most. 964 L; True. 421 R; Plin. 26. 16; Dig. 40. 4. 44. AssignificatlS (ads-), {adsignifico), additional explanation (= ■n-poa-biacraiprja-i.i) : Carm. de Figuris 184 (Halm R. L. M. p. 70). Assignlfico, -as (ads-). 1. To show, point out, indicate. With ace. and inf. : Varro R. R. 2. 11. 10 adsignificant antiquorum statuae tonsores olim non fuisse. 2. As 1. 1. of Grammar, to mean, signify: Varro R. R. 2. i. 10 cognomina adsignificari {? -e) quod dicunlur ; L. L. 6. 3. 6 genus untim quod tempora adsignificat; so ib. 6. 3. 40, 7. 6g al. ; Varro fragm. ap. Gell. 10. i. 6, ap. Non Assigno — Assimiilatid. 3 a i P- 59 j Vel. Long. p. 52 (of the letter h) quod ex hoc quoque existi- mant quidam colligi posse consonantem esse et adsignificaniem (i. e. having meaning). Assigno, -as (ads-). 1. To seal, mark or stamp with a seal. (a) Pers. 5. 81 adsigna,Marce, tabellas; with dat. : Dig. 26. 8. 20 nan adsignante instrumento divisionis ; abs., 45. 1. 126. 2 coram subscribente et adsignante. (b) Met., to stamp with a certain character, describe: Ti. Donatus on Aen. 6. 491 adsignat Graecos timidos et fugaces. 2. With dat., to stamp one thing upon another : Quint. 9. 4. 29 verbum in clausula positum adsignatur orationi et quasi infigitur. 3. With dat. of person, ace. of thing, to mark as a person's property, allot, assign to him. Of land : Lex Agr. C. L L. i. 200, joined with dare, reddere; on the Termini Gracchani, ib. i. 553 foil.; Cic. often; Hor. 2. Epist. i. 8 agros adsignant; Liv. 21. 25. 3, etc., etc. 4. Of other matters: Cic. Verr. 3. 61 apparitores ; Pis. 88 ordines; Rep. 6. 15 munus ; Varro L. L. g. \%\ pecuniam ; Liv. 5. 7. 5 equos publicos', Plin. 10. 141 caelum; Quint, often in a variety of contexts; Tac, and all Latin. 5. To give the right of expecting a thing : Tac. G. 13 insignis nobilitas aut magna patrum merita principis dignitatem etiam adulescentibus adsignant; H. i. 30 minus triginta transfugae . . . imperium adsignabuntl 6. To commit to a person's charge: lustin. 14. 4. 21 aliquem custodibus; Dig. 4. 9. i. 8 res; so ib. 18. 62. 2. 7. Met, Plin. Ep. 6. 23. 2 bonosiuvenes ostendere foro, adsignare famae (to give over to the renown which awaits them); Sen. Ep. no. 2 sive adsignati sumus (dis), sive neglecti etfortunae dati. 8. To present (= Trapio-ravai) : Vulg. Act. 9. 41 adsignavit earn vivam (he gave her over); al. Vulg. 9. Met., to assign, attribute a thing to, etc.: Cic. Verr. 5. 131 me culpae fortunam adsignare ; Mil. 6 mortem Clodii virtuii Milonis ; Brut. 74 haec huic sermoni adsigna; Q. F. i. 4. i imprudentiae ; Fam. 6. 7. 3 infirmitati; Att. 6. 1. ri olKovofiia si perturbatior est, tibi adsigna; 10. 4. 6 nihil adsignabis nee patruo nee patri; Plancus ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 18. 2 adsignatum iri hoc timori; Nigidius ap. Gell. 4. 9. 2 ea res vitio adsignabatur ; Liv. 3. 72, 4 Scaptione hoc adsignaturos putarent populos ; 35. 31. 15 ne unius amentiam civi- tati adsignarent; Veil. 2. 38. 6 gloriam Cypri devictae ; Quint., Tac, etc., e.g. Quint. 11. i. 23 modo id virtuti senatus, modo providentiae deorum immortalium adsignat. Assimtilatld (ads-), (adsimulo). 1. An imitation : with gen. of thing imitated: Plin. 11. 262 mulierum prodigiosa adsimu- 32a Assimtilator — Assimiilo. latio; Cod. Theod. \(i. 2. \^ nee ea in adsimulatione aliqua conva- Jescant; Cod. lust. 2. 19 (18). 24. 2. Of poetry, fiction: Eulog. Comm. Somn. Scip. p. 401 (^Mter) fabubsa adsimulaiio. 3. As 1. 1. of Rhetoric : Corn. Her. 4. 50 (= the employment of simile or illustration). Assimiilatfir, -oris (ads-) (assimuld), a hypocrite: Donat. on Andr. i. 2. ^ fidus adsimulator et callidus. Assimiilo, -as (ads-) : in late Lat. adsimilo. 1. To make like : with ace. of object, and dat. of thing to which : often in pass, or middle, and thus pass. part, adsimulatus = resembling : Lucr. 2. 980 Mis mortalibus adsimulata (resembling); 6. 189 montibus adsimulata ; Verg. A. 12. 22^/ormam adsimulata Camerti; Plin. 3. 43 est Italia /olio querno maxime adsimulata; 37. 179 ochrae Atticae; Vulg. Job 30. 19 assimilatus sum favillae ; Cant. i. 8 ; Matt. 6. 8 nolite adsimulari illis. 2. To assimilate in point oi status: Gaius i. 22 adsimulati Latinis coloniariis. 3. To make oneself up, put on an assumed appearance : sometimes with, sometimes without, an ace. of the personal pronoun : Plant. Epid. 195 R adsimulata quasi; 420 me sic adsimulabam quasi stolidum; Mil. ii6g Rib. adsimulare quasi spernas; Amph. Prol. 115 R adsimulavit sese quasi siet; Poen. 599 R ita nos adsimula- bimus ; Men. 146 R ecquid adsimula similiter 'i 4. To repre- sent as like, to compare to: Cic. Inv, i. 42 simile ex specie compa- rabili aut ex conferenda atque adsimulanda natura iudicatur ; Lucr. 2. 914 linquitur ut talis animalibus adsimulentur ; Ov. M. 5. 6 tumultus Adsimulare freto possis ; Tac. G. 9 in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ; Agr. xo Britanniam scutulae vel bipenni ; A. i. 28 suis laboribus defectionem sideris ; 15. ■^g praesentia mala vetustis cladibus. 5. Abs., to describe : Suet. Tib. 57 naturam eius et perspexisse et adsimulasse aptissime. 6. To represent, recall, suggest the figure of: Claud. Carm. Min. 20 (45). 6 as longius illi Adsimulat parcum. 7. To make a pretence ; sometimes with cogn. ace. of neut. pronoun: Plant. Stich. 77 R quasi numquam quicquam adea adsimulem; Ter. Ph. 210 quid si adsimula? Satis est} often in pass., as Andr. 500; Heaut. 716 hoc, id adsimulari (that this pretence should be kept up). 8. To put forward as a pretence : Plaut. Bacch. 962 R atque id periclum adsimula. 9. To imitate, copy : Cic. Verr. 2. 189 litterae . . . adsimulatae , . . iti libros transferuntur ; Ov. M. 7. 298 odium falsum ; 14. 656 anum; Plin. 8. 106 sermonem haminum; Quint. 7. 10. g pic tor . . . percepta semel imitandi ratiane adsimulabit quicquid acceperit ; Apul. Flor, 7 Assipio— Assisto. 333 effigtem regis ex aere. 10. To pretend, assume the appearance of a thing : with simple accus., accusative and infinitive, or simple infinitive: Plant. Men. 835 R me insanire; Capt. 224 R adsimulo me esse tuom servom; ib. 664 tile servom se adsimulabat ; Cist. r. i. 97 adsimulare amare oportet; Ter. Ph. 873; Hec. 235; Ph. 128 (with ace. alone); Trag. Inc. Fab. 57 "2^ fur ere adsimulare; Cic. Cluent. 36 huius adsimulatae familiaritaiis ; Gael. 14 virtutis adsimulatae ; Verg. A. 10. 639 clipeumque iubasque Divini adsimulat capitis; Liv. 26. 19. 9 alia vera, alia adsimulata; Sil. 7. 136 abitum fictosque timores; Petron. 80 adsimulata {fades) peril ; Quint. 9. 2. 31 sermones hominum adsimulatos; 10. 2. 12 in illis vera, in his adsimilata (sic) materia est; 11. i. 41 mutarum rerum adsimulamus adfedus. 11. Adv., from pres. part., adsimulanter = by way of imitating the noun from which a form is derived : Nigidius ap. Non. p. 40 sunt etiam adsimulanter dicta haec, ' canatim ' ' suatim ' ' bovatim ' (from cam's, sus, bos). Assipio, -is (ads-), {ad, saepio), to fence up : Paul. p. 21 M ' adsipere ' et ' praesipere ' (read with Miiller adsipire and praesipire) dicebant antiqui, sicut nos quoque dicimus ab aequo iniquum, ab quaerendo inquirere. Assir or asser (so Gloss. Philox.), blood : Paul. p. 1 6 M Latini prisci sanguinem assir vocabant; Philox. {asaer=) asser, aliia (? from ad and sar- to flow ? comp. ser-um, and the names of the rivers Sarnus and Serra), Assis, subst. m,, = ai: Donat. on Ter. Ph. i. i. 9 ; Schol. Pers. 2.59- Assisa, apparently corrupt reading for accessa (though Paucker accepts it) : Isid. Ord. Great. 9. 7. Assistentia, -ae (ads-), subst. f., abstr. from assistens, assistance : Inc. Quaest. ex utroque Testamento (vol. 35 Migne), Dei nosiri assistentia (Paucker). Assisto, -stiti, -sistere (ads-) : perf. adsisti, Sulp. Sev. Dial. I (2). 7. I ; Vit. Mart. 7. 4 (according to Verona MS.). 1. To stand by or near; abs., and with dat. : Plant. Pseud. 156 R adsistite omnes contra; Merc. 977 R ego adsistam hinc altrinsecus; Ter. Ad. 169 propter hunc adsiste; Lucr. i. 965 nee refert quibus adsistas regionibus eius; Gic. Arch. 24 ad A chillis tumulum; Verr. I. 66 ad fores; Tusc. 2. 21 (poet.) accede, gnate, adsiste; Rep. 2. 37 ad epulas regis; Sail. G. 59. j, propter aquilam; Caes. C. 6. 18 ads. in publico in conspectu patris ; Verg, A. 10. 490, 12. 790; Y 2 324 Assistrix — Assomis. Hor. 1. S. 6. 119 adsisto divinis; Ov. M. 3. 187 in latus olliquum. tamen astitit; F. 5. 45'/ tecto; i. 631 precanti; Quint, i. 2. 12 scrihenti ediscenti cogitanti ; and elsewhere; Tac. A. 13. 4 Irihuna- lihus; often in Tac. = to stand by or near. With ace, Stat. Theb. 3. 299 hos equos (Val. Fl. 5. 690 is a wrong reference). 2. Abs., to stand up : Ov. M. 13. 125 Laertius heros Astitit (stood up to speak). Of troops, to take up a position : Tac. H. 3. 63 ; A. 14. 34 al. 3. To stop, stand still : Plaut. Most. 871 L adsiste ilico; Cic. Fin. 3. 54 ita iacere talum ut rectus adsistat. 4. Met., to act as counsel in a court of law : Plin. Ep. 7. 6. 3 Vareno; Tac. D. 39 periditantiius ; H. 3. 31 causae suae; and in legal Latin. 5. To stand before a tribunal: Vulg. Act. 27. 23 Caesari. 6. To assist: Cypr. Ep. 25 adsistente sibi Domino; Cod. lust. 2. 34 I si Veritas adlegationi tuae adsistit. 7. To stand by (of an opinion or line of conduct): Cypr. Dom. Or. 15 adsistere crucifortiter ac fideliter. Assistrix, -icis (ads-) = adsestrix : Itala Sap. 9. 4 (Ronsch I. V. p. 62). Assdcietas, -atis (ads-) association, society: Cod. Theod. 13, 5. 14. 2 recenti adsocietate selecti. Assdclo in the metaphorical sense of to join with : Claud. B. Gild. 482 cornua summis Adsociant malis; Ser. Sammon. 341 pelagi latices Dulcibus adsocias lymphis; Mar. Vict. p. 70 K; and in later Latin. Ass6cius (ads-), adj., associated with : Mart. Cap. 4. 327 nil normale putans ni fuat adsocium ; Cassiod, Var. 3. 47 animal lum- bricis adsocium. Ass61eo, -es (ads-) : to be usual. 1. Plaut. Pers. 759 R quae adsolent; Ter. Andr. 481 quaeque adsolent, quaeque oportet signa esse; Liv. 34.44. 2 pecunia quanta adsoleret. 2. Impers., ut adsolet = as is usual : Plaut. Epid. 5 R {si I. c) ; Cic. Phil. 2. 82 ; Lael. 7; Legg. 2. 21; Liv. i. 28. 2,5.16. 11,9. 14. 3, 32. i. gal., and often elsewhere in Latin de sollemni more et ritu certae alicuius rei, as Madv. says on Cic. Fin. 5. i. Part, adsolitus, accustomed: Faustus Reiensis De Gratia Dei i. 17 adsolitam attrahentis benevo- lentiam. Ass6iiati6, -onis (ads-), assonance : Cassiod. Exp. Ps. i. i per cerias adsonationes ; In Ps. 135 praef. simili verborum adso- natione, Ass6nus (ads-), adj., sounding in agreement with : Cassiod. Assotanus — Assiila. 325 in Ps. 135 praef. hoc imitati poetae adsona carminum floscula condi- derunt ; Id. in Ps. 54. 26 verbis evangelii adsona veritate consentit. Assotanus, adj., of Asso in Spain: C. I. L. 2. 4540 {collegium Assotanuni); ib. 3423 (Nova Carthago, c. 100 a. d.). Assiiarlus, -i, subst. m. from assus, one who roasts : Glossae Nominum p. 18 Lowe ' assuarius ' qui assat, Assubrigo, -is, -ere (ads-), to raise up : Plin. 9. 88 (nautilos) se paulatim adsubrigens. Assuesco, -is, -ere, -suevi, -snetum (ads-), syncopated forms of perf., and plup. tenses : adsuestis Liv. 5. 6. 15 ; adsuesse Liv. 2. 2. 3; adsuesses, adsuessent Liv. 30. 28. 8, 42. 17. 5; Sen. Cons. Helv. ly. 3. Part. pass, scanned adsUetam (quadris.) Phaedrus 3. Prol. 14. 1. To make accustomed, habituate, to a thing: with ace. of person, and dat. or abl. of thing : or with ad or in : or with infinitive. (a) Often in Latin, e. g. Cic. de Or. 3. 58 labor e adsueti; Plane. 22 mendaciis; Sail. H. 3. 62 adsueium ad omnes wis controversiarum ; Hor. 2. S. 2. 109 pluribus adsuerii mentem; Liv. 24. 5. 9 in omnia familiaria iura adsueium; Veil. 2. 79. I militi navalibus adsuescendo certaminibus ; Stat. Theb. 4. 655 Rhodopen . . . adsueverat . . . virescere; Flor. 2. 32 (4. 12) 43 ad- sueverat Armenios in hoc unum servitutis genus ; and often elsewhere in Lat. Euphemistically : Curt. 6. 5. 23 {puer) cui adsuetus erai Darius. (b) With inter se: Liv. 10. 19. 16 adsuetos inter se hastes. (c) With in and abl. : Vulg. Eccl. 23. 20 adsuetus in verbis; ler. 2. 24 in solitudine. (d) Conversely, with ace. of thing, and dat. of person, expressed or implied : Varro R. R. 2. 9. 5 cam's enim facilius adsMscit quid (i.e. sibi); Verg. A. 6. 833 ne tanta animis adsuescite bella; so pass. part, adsuetus; Ov. Pont. i. 5. 36 adsueta ponere in arte; Phaedr. 3 prol. 14 adsuetam vicem; Plin. 8. 169 adsuetos fontes. 2. Intr., to be accustomed; with the same constr. : Plant. Asin. 216 R aves adsuescunt; Cic. Fin. i. II qui haec legere adsueverit; Caes. G. 6. 28 adsuescere ad homines et mansuefieri; Liv. 2.1.5 (impers.) caritas soli cui . . . adsuescitur ; Ov. M. II. ^i^/acere; and often elsewhere in Lat. 3. Pass, part, adsuetus as adj.: Liv. 22. 18. 3 adsuetior montibus (more accustomed to). 4. Neut. adsuetum, as subst. = habit or custom : Ov. H. 6. 72 longius adsueta; Stat. Theb. 12. 306 adsueta propior. Assiila, -ae (or astiila, but the two words, though virtually identical in meaning, are probably different). 1. A chip or 3 '^6 Asstilatim — Assume. fragment, of wood, stone, or any other substance; Plaut. Merc. 129 R /oriius /acere his assulas; Clodius ap. Serv. Aen. i. 176 astulae ; Furius Bibac. ap. Suet. Gramm. 1 1 assulas ; Paul. p. 84 M assulae ex arboribus . . . excussae; Vitruv. 7. 6. i caementa mar- morea, sive assulae dicuntur ; Sen. N. Q. 2. 31. 2 (where the MSS. on the whole support astulae) ; Plin. 16. 54 cum multa astula tenui; ib. 67 quoniam astula in frudu est (both of resin) ; 29. 34 astulis taedae subiectis et subinde interstratis ; Apul. Apol. 35 ; Isid. Or. 17. 6. 26 astulae. 2. Of a roughness or sharp point left after pounding in a mortar: Apic. 2. 41 teres diligenter, ne astulas habeant. (Is the form assula to be maintained, and, if so, what is the etymology ? Astula seems to be the dim. of Jiasta. Can assula be connected with adsilio ?) Assulatim, adv. from lost verb assulare, in shivers or splinters ; glossed as = minutatim by Nonius p. 72 : Plaut. Capt. 832 R prius quam pultando assulatim foribus exitium dabo ; Men. Sgg R (dolabd) assulatim viscera; Sueius ap. Non. p. 72 assulatim... sumit cibum. (In Plaut. Capt. 1. c. the reading of B, ' assultatim', perhaps points to astulatim^ Assultatio, -onis (ads-), (assulte), a leaping up : Dionys. Exig. Great. Hom. 1 9 exordium superbiae factum est adsultatio equi. Assumentum (ads-), (adsHo), a patch : Itala Matth. 9. 16 (Ronsch I. V. p. 22); Vulg. Marc. 2. 21 assumentum panni rudis. Assummo, -as (ads-), to add up ; Nots Bern. 12 a. Schm., and perhaps Isid. Or. 16. 25. 15 sextula bis assummata duellam facit (so Hultsch for assumpia). Assumo, -is, -ere, -sumpsi, -sCmptrlni (ads-). 1. To take in addition, take something else, take besides. (a) Corn. Her. 4. 7 aliena exempla adsumere ; Varro L. L. 8. 28 quaecumque usus causa ad vitam sunt adsumpta; Gici Att. 2. 19. 4 alienam invidiam adsumpsissem ; Fam. 7. 25. 2 adsumoaliquantum noctis (i.e. work in the night as well); De Or. i. 170 nisi dicendi copiam adsumpsisset; I. 217 ut quisque . . . aliam quoque artem sibt adsumpserit ; 2. 163 adsumi foris; Top. 69 adsumptis at^ue adventiciis (opp. to innata atque insitd) ; Balb. 55 Cereris sacra . . . adsumpta de Graecia ; Lucr. 2. 1 1 24 plura sibi adsumunt quam de se corpora mittunt; Varro L. L. 6. 2 ut verba litteras alia adsumant, alia amittant; Hor. I. Epist. 5. 28 Butram tibi Septiciumque . . . Adsumam; Liv. 21. 19. 5 qui postea adsumeretur ; Gels. 3. 21 (p. 107 D) si plus umoris Assumo. 32,7 excermtur quam adsumiiur; Quint. 10. i. 121 verborum etiam quae adsumpta sunt proprietas. (b) In Logic, to add new arguments : Varro L. L. 8. 69 non debere extrinsecus adsumi cur similia sint. 2. To take to oneself. (a) Of things : Varro R. R. 2. 14 ad- sumptas ob earn causam oves putant (taken into the service of man) ;. 3. 3. 4 adsumenda quaedam. in villam; Lucr. 4. 1091 nam cibus aique umor membris adsumi tur intus; Cic. Off. 3. 23 id quod alter i de- traxerit sibi adsumat; Ov. M. 7. 79 ventis alimenta adsumere; 15., 421 illas adsumere robora gentes, Cvncidere has ; Cels. i. ipotiones meracas ; Quint. 2. 5. 23 si adsumatur solida ac virilis ingenii vis; 2. 18. 3 ex illis ceteris artibus multum adsumere; 10. 2. 25 vim Caesaris, etc.; i. 8. 10 veterum poemata ad fidem causarum; 2. 10. 12 nonnihil nitoris ; 4. i. 71 id minu^favorabile ; 8. 3. 43 ea quibus inlustrem fieri orationem putat; 8. 6. 2 tropos ; 9. 3. S^figuram; 10. 2. 27 laudem popularem. (b) Of persons: Sail. I. 29. 2 socius . . . omnium consiliorum adsumiiur Scaurus ; Hor. i S. 6. 51 cautum dignos adsumere; Liv. 2. 4. 2 nobiles adulescentuli conscii adsumpti; 2. 22. 3 Hernicis in societatem armorum adsumptis ; Plin. Ep. 3. 19. I adsumo te in consilium. (c) Esp. in the case of personal ties, such as adoption, marriage, friendship, etc. : Liv. 32. 29. 6 adsumptis Cenomannis (as allies) ; 3,5. 46. 5 regem quoque ad- sumerent socium ; Plin. Pan. 8 te fiUuvi sibi adsumpsit ; Tac. A. i . 8, 12. 2 ; and often in Latin. (d) Of the ascension of Christ, to take up: Vulg. Marc. 16. 9; Act. i. 2, al. (e) Of death: Ennod. Opusc. 4. p. 388 (Hartel) horum unus adsumptus est. 3. To choose: Cic. Fin. i. 33 omnis voluptas adsumenda est, omnis dolor depellendus; ib. 3. 18, 4. 43. 4. To assume, i.e. put on, of a form, appearance, or feature; Varro L. L. 9. 82 (of the numerals) cum perventum est ad miliarium, adsumit singulare neutrum; Prop. 2. 25. 21 plena fastus adsumis amore; Ov. M. 11, 789 umeris adsumpserat alas ; 15. 384 pinnas ; Sen. Apoc. 4. v. 7 color em Adsumpsere novum; Vulg. Is. 40. 31 pinnas. 5. Of a feeling, to put on: Quint. 6. 2. 34 dolorem; ib. 36 adfectus; and elsewhere in Quint. 6. To take, almost = sumo : Cic. Mur.- 31 laudem . . . ex Asiae nomine adsumpsit; De Or. i. 54 tractationem orationis . . . sibi adsumet; Ov. M. 3. 705 pugnaeque adsumit amor em ; Quint. 9. 4. 36 longae syllabae aliquid medii temporis . . . adsumunt. 7. As 1. 1. of Medicine, to take, of medicine or food: Celsus and Scribonius. 8. To gain : Arnob. 7. 48 ad- sumere famam conservatoris. 9. Met., to assume, take upon oneself: Corn. Her. i. i quae Graeci scriptores inanis arrogantiae 3a8 Assumptio — Assuras. causa adsumpserunt sibi; Trebonius ap. Cic. Fam. 12. 16. 3 ad- sumere hoc libertaiis ; Cic. Fam. i. 9. 17 nee mihi postea quidquam adsumpsi quod, etc. ; Ov. M. 3. 558 adsumptumque patrem com- mentaque sacra fateri; Tac. A. 15. 71 conservatoris sibi nomen ; and elsewhere. 10. In Logic, to take for granted as an additional fact : Cic. Inv. i. ^g ex vi propositionis aliquid adsumere; i. 63 (of the minor premise in a hypothetical syllogism); Div. 2. 108 ad- sumit Cratippus hoc modo. 11. Of discourse or conversation, to take up : Vulg. Job 27. i, 29. i ; Num. 23. 7. 18 ads. para- holam. 12. Adsumptum, -i, neut. of past part. pass, used substantivally, an epithet: Cic. Part. Or. 33. Assumptio, -onis (ads-), {adsumo). 1. An additional taking: Boeth. Arithm. 2. 40 Est autem proportionalitas duarum vel turn vel quotlibet proportionem assumptio ad unum atque collectio. 2. A taking to oneself: Vulg. Rom. 11. 15 (opp. to amissio) quae adsumptio eorum (est) nisi vita ex mortuis; Pallad. i. 6. 12 in ad- sumpiione culturae. Of the taking up or ascension of Christ : Vulg. Luc. 9. 51. 3. A taking up for the sake of protection or defence: Vulg. Ps. 88. 19 Domini est adsumptio nostra. 4. A choosing, choice: Cic. Fin. 3. 18 digna adsumptione. 5. An assumption, or taking an appearance of a thing : Arnob. 2. 20 adsumptio similitudinis. 6. An assumption, claiming : Dig. 50. I. 6 pr. adsumptio originis quae non est; Salv. ad Eccl. 2. 43 adsumptio religiosi nominis sponsio est devotionis. 7. In Logic, an additional proposition brought in to prove something, e.g. a major premise: Cic. Div. 2. 108; Quint. 5. 14. 6 prima intentio, secunda adsumptio, tertia conexio; Lact. 2. 5. 31; Fortunat. ap. Halm R. L. M. p. ii8, al. Rhet. 8. In Rhetoric, a circum- stance introduced ab extra to help an argument: Fortunat. ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 105 ; Victorinus ib. p. 191. 9. In general, an additional statement: Dig. 28. 5. 49 (48) si in patre vel patria vel alia simili adsumptione falsum scriptum est. Assumpt6r, -oris (ads-), {adsumo), one who takes to himself: Hier. Interpr. Didym. De Spin Sancto 5 ads. disciplinae et vir- tutis. One who assumes to himself, claims : Ambros. Ep. 19. 23 ; Ennod, Diet. 1. p. 423 (Hartel) avarae laudis adsumptor. Assumptiis, -us (ads-), {adsumo), an assumption: Boeth. in Porphyr. i, extr. (p. 85 Migne). Assuras, name of a Roman colonia in Prov. Proc. Afr. : C. I. L. 8. p. 211, and several times in C. I. L. 8; Cypr. Ep. 65 tit., Sent. Ast — Astator; 329 Episc. 68. p. 456 Hartel. Abl. Assuribus: C. I. L. 8. 631 (Maktar, in Byzacena). Ast, conj. (not to be confounded with at): Cfiaris. p. 229 says " asV apud antiques variam vim contulit vocihus ; pro ' aique,' pro ' ac' (surely ' at'), pro 'ergo,' pro ' sed,' pro ' tamen,' pro ' turn,' pro ' cum^ ut in glossis antiquitatum legimus scriptum ; Paul. p. 6 M 'ast' significat 'at,' 'sed' vel ' autem' (the gloss is evidently muti- lated). The word (in the earlier and classical period) is only found in legal formulae, in poetry, and in colloquial or satirical writing. 1. = And ; mostly in legal formulae and in the first part of a con- ditional sentence; e.g. Lex Serviana ap. Fest. p. 230 si parentem puer verberit, ast olle plorasit, etc. ; Legg. XII 5. 7 (Bruns) ast ei custos nee escet; 10. 8 cui auro dentes iuncti escunt, ast im cum illo sepeliet uretve ; Plaut. Capt. 683 R si ego hie peribo, ast ille ut dixit non redit; Cic. Legg. 2. 8. 19 ast olla (= and those); Acta Fratrum Arval. p. 100, loi Henzen, in exactly the same •^i.y {astu = ast tu). 2. In the apodosis of a conditional sentence = then ; in the formula quoted by Liv. 10. 19. 17 Bellona, si hodie nobis victor iam duis, ast ego tibi templum voveo. 3. = But if; Cic. Legg. 3. 10 eius decreta rata sunto : ast potestas par maiorve prohibessit, perscripta servanto; 3. i ast quid erit; n ast quid turbassiiur. But in these cases ast may perhaps = but, and the condition be expressed by the verb. 4. = But, like Greek 8«, a not very strong adversative, sometimes = simply but, sometimes but then : Plaut. Merc. 246 R; Enn. ap. Non. p. 516. (A. 79) ast hie; Ace. Bacchae ap. Non. p. 144 ast idem ; Cic. Att. i. 16. 17 ast plures ; 3. 15. 6 ast tute; 6. 5. 2 ast hoc; 16. 6. i ad Leuco- petram ; ast inde ; Prognostica fr. 2 Orelli ast autem (where either ast or autem must = turn) ; Verg. does not use it in the Eclogues or Georgics, but often in the Aeneid; Hor. in Epod. 15. 24, i. S. 6. 130, 8. 6 ; Pers. has it three times, and luv. often; Gell. r. 9. 5 ast ubi; Apul. M. 9. 7. It can be used either before vowels or consonants, though owing to metrical convenience it natu- rally occurs in the poets mostly before vowels. Although in usage it comes to = at, its etymology must be different. It is probably a compound word, as-t (like pos-t), and may perhaps as Jordan suggests (Kritische Beitrage p. 299 foil.) be identical with the Umbrian es-te = ita. AstapMum, name of a woman in the Truculentus of Plautus. . AstatSr, -oris, (ads-), {asto-) one who stands by, a protector : Inscr. Fabretti c. 3. 297 numini . . . adstatori conlegii Velabrensium. 3 3° Asteismus — Astismus. Asteismus, see Astismus. Asteriscus, -i, an asterisk or critical mark : Sueton. fr. 107. pp. 137, 139 Reiflferscheid. Asterius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1768 (Rome, 363 a.d.), and elsewhere in inscr. Asterdplectus, adj. {da-re ponXriKTos), star-struck: Sen.N. Q. 1. 15. 3 iecfa nos vidimus tela sine fulmine, quae asteropkda Graeci meant. Asterosc6pla, -ae, subst. f. {da-TepotrKoiria), observation of the stars : Ps. Acron Hor. i. C. 28 init. asteroscopiae peritus. Asthma, -atis, subst. n. (hrOfia), difficulty of breathing, asthma : Pliu. 25. 82 ad ea quae asthmata vocant. Asticus, adj. (do-riicds), of the city: Caecil. 222 asticam vitam; astici, the men of the city, Pacuv. ap. Cic. Div. 2. 133 (Trag. p. 77 R). Astici ludi, the city festival of Dionysus, opp. to ludi miscelli: Suet. Cal. 20. Astigi, name of a colonia in Baetica : Plin. 3. 12. Astigitanus, -a, -um, adj. from Astigi, of Astigi ; Plin. 3. 12 ; C. I. L. 2. 1473 (ist cent, a.d.), 6. 1112. Astipiilat6r, -oris (ads-), (astipulor), a person who is asked to be present at a stipulatio and have the same promise given him as the stipulator, so that he may afterwards, if neces- sary, act as a witness, or even as his representative after his death: Gaius 3. no possumus tamen ad id quod stipulamur alium adhibere qui idem stipulatur, quern vulgo adstipulatorem vocamus; ib. 117, 126, 215. Cic. Quinct. 58 ; Yi^. i?i advocato aut adstipulatore. Met., often with gen. of person or thing, one who thoroughly agrees with or supports : Cic. Acad. 2.67 Stoici et eorum adstipulator Antiochus ; Val. Max. 7. i. 2 adstipulatorem vanae opinionis ; and so in subsequent authors. Astipulor, -aris (ads-). 1. To act as adstipulator (q. v.), constr. with dat. : Aelius Gallus ap. Fest. p. 273 qui alteri adstipu- latus est; Gaius 3. 114. 2. To agree with : Liv. 59. 5. 3 irato consuli; Phn. 7. 154 cui adstipulatur Damastes. 3. With ace. of thing, to secure: Apul. M. ro. 24 anulum...qui monstratus fidem verbis adstipularetur. Astismus, -i (do-Tio-/u6f), subst. m., t. t. of Rhetoric for a figure defined by Charis. p. 276 K as allegoria cum urbanitate, and by Serv. A. 2. 547 as urbanitas sine iracundia, an instance being Atque idem iungat vulpes et mulgeat hircos. Wit without rancour. Greek form astismos: Diom. p. 462 K (= Donatus p. 402 K). Astius — Astraba. 331 Astius, nom. m.: C. I. L. 8. 450 (Ammaedara, Prov. Byzacena) ; 4605 (Dana, Prov. Num.). Cogn. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2099. i. 5 (Rome, 183 A. D.), al. inscr. Asto, -stiti, -stare : supine astatum and astitum quoted as used by vetustissimi by Prise, i. p. 474 K, who gives astiturum from Aemilius Porcina (cons. 137 b.c). Perf. subj. astasint-= astiterint quoted by Paul. p. 6 M. 1. To stand by, stand there or near at hand, sometimes followed by dat. or prep. : Naev. Com. 26 servi apud mensam adstant; Plaut. Cas. 3. 3. 5 dum asto advocatus cuidatn cognato meo; Aul. 528 R miles inpransus astat; Amph. 747 R adstante hoc Sosia ; Capt. 664 R «/ confidenter mihi contra astitit; so Pers. 13. zo8 R; Pseud. 863 R stabit, astato semul; Ter. Ph. 607 patruom video cum patre astantem; Lucr. i. 89 ante aras adstare parentem; 3. 883 sensuque suo contaminat as tans; 3. 959 nee opinanti mors ad caput adstitit; Cic. Arch. 24 cum . . . ad Achillis tumulum adstitisset ; Caes. C. 2. 20 ; and very often in all Latin. 2. To stop, halt, stand still: Plaut. As. 702, 710 R astal Trin. 1059 hem, tu asta ilico; so Persa 224, 273 R; Merc. 129 R at etiam asto} Mil. 446 Rib. quid malum astas} 1243 quid astitisti opstupida ; Enn. Trag. 324 asta atque contempla ; Pacuv. 202 age asta, mane, audi; Ter. Ph. 867 astiti, animam compressi ; Turpil. 75 erus . . . stupidus astat; C. I. L. i. 1007 (end of the republican age) asta ac pellege; Verg. A. i. 301 Libyae citus ad- stitit oris; A. 2. 303 adrectis auribus adsto; Ov. Am. i. 7. 51 astitit ilia amens; Liv. i. 16. 6 cum venerabundtts astitissem. 3. To take up a position, take one's stand : Plaut. Stich. 271 R satin ut facete . . . atque ex pictura astitit} Ps. 459 R bene confiden- ter que astitisse intellego; Mil. 201 Rib. quem ad modum adstitit severo fronte cur as cogitans ; 213 euscheme hercle astitit, et dulice et comoedice ; Men. 865 R iam adstiti in cursum : iam lora teneo : iam stimulus in manu est. 4, To stand up, opp. to falling : Plaut. Capt. 637 R vix asto prae formidine; Most. 311 L asta\ (stand up !) ; Enn. Trag. 83 astante ope barbarica. 5. To stand up, i.e. bristle : Verg. G. 3. 545 squamis astantibus. 6. To stand there, i.e. await: Lucr. 3. 1078 certa quidem vitae finis fnortalibus adstat. Astraba, -ae, subst. f. (cjtrrpa/S^). It is uncertain whether this word means a kind of saddle or a kind of vehicle. It is described by Ps. Probus on Verg. Buc. p. 347 of Lion's Servius : sunt autem astrabae vehicula dicta jrapa to jxt) tn-piipfaBai. But on the word 332 Astragalus — Astringo. astrabicon, a title of bucolic poetry, Ps. Prob. 1. c. says carmen {iucoltcum) Astrabicon dictum est a forma sedilis quo advecti fuerunt qui illud cantaturi erant, thus seeming to imply that astraba was a seat or saddle. Lucian Lexip. 2 speaks of darpd^rj as a hard, un- comfortable seat ; comp. Gloss. Philox. astrama (i. e. astraba) aavis, vnoTToSiov. From his mention of dtrTpa^riKarqs in the same passage it looks as if darpd^r] were a kind of cart. In Macho ap. Athen. 582 an da-rpd^ri is mentioned in connexion with donkeys ; perhaps then it was a rough conveyance consisting of a plank fastened on two pairs of wheels, and drawn by a donkey. Astragalus, -i (aorpayaXos), in the sense of a moulding at the top of a column, so called from its rough resemblance to an ankle-bone : Vitruv. 3. 4. 3 Astr. Lesbius ; the same ornament with festoons of olives or pearls : Vitruv. 4. 6. 2. Astralis, -e, adj. from astrum. 1. Of the stars : Avienus Phaen. 609 flammae astr. 2. Portended by the stars : Augustin. C. D. 5. 7 exit, fata astr. Astrapaea, -ae, subst. f , a precious stone described by Plin. 37. 189 astrapaeae in Candida aut cyaneo discurrunt e medio fulminis radio. Astrepo, -ui, -itum, -ere (adstr-), to make a noise or tumult at or with, constr. abs. and with dat.: Sen. Phaedra 1035 omnes adstrepunt scopuli undique (answer the sea) ; Calp. Eel. 4. 2 cum garrulus adstr epit umor. Of persons: Tac. A. i. 18 vulgus ; 11. 17 astrepebat huic alacre vulgus; 12. 34 talia dicenti astrepere vulgus; H. 2. 90 vulgus . . . clamore et vocibus adstrepebat. With cogn. ace: Tac. A. 2. 12 quae pauci incipiant, reliquos adstrepere (echo); H. 4. 49 ut eadem adstreperent. (In Plin. Pan. 26. 2 the best MS. reads obstrepebant) Astrlfer, adj., starry, bringing the stars : Val. Fl. 6. 752 astri- f eras umbras (of night) ; Stat. Theb. 8. 83 astriferos inclinat luppiter axes ; Mart. 8. 28. 8 ; and in later Latin. Astrlger, adj. 1. Star-bearing: Stat. Theb. 10. 828 astrigeros ... in axes; Claud. Bell. Poll. (Get.) 245 astrigero . . ^ cum coniuge Cepheus ; Solinus in Anth. Lat. 720. 11 (234. 11) faciem astr.; Mart. Cap. 2. 193 caelum astr.; and elsewhere in late Latin. 2. Shining or throned in the stars: Mart. Cap. i. 91. Astringo, -strinxi, -strictum, -stringere (adstr-). 1. To bind tight: Plant. Capt. 667 R astringite isti sultis vehementer manus; Bacch. 823 R astringite ad columnam for titer ; Men. 95 R , Astringo. 333 quam magis extendas, tantum adstringunt artius; Cic. Verr. 4. 92 ad staiuam adstrictus est; Verg. G. i. 91 venas adstringit Mantes \ Hor. Epod. 15. 5 hedera procera adstringitur ilex; Ov. Am. 3. i. 50 liminis adstridi (closed tight) ; Tac. A. 4. 70 adstrictis faucibus ; D. 39 paenulas, . . . quibus adstricti et velut inclusi cum iudicibus fabulamur; Lucan 2. 362 balteus haud fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amicius; luv. 8. 148 rotam adstringit sufflamine; and in later Latin. 2. To draw tight, of a chain, etc.: Ov. M. 11. 75 astringit vincula; Sen. Ir. 3. 16. i laqueos fera dum iactat astringit. 3. To contract: Cic. N. D. 2. 138 astringentibus fe intestinis (opp. to relaxantibus) ; Cels. i. 3 alvus astricta; 2. 30 alvum astringere; Sen. Ep. 106. 5 an frontem astringant; Quint. 2. 4. 5 erit illud plenius corpus, quod mox adulta aetas astringat; II. 3. 81 labra astr.; ii. 3. 160 vultum super ciliis; Mart. 11. 39 13 astricta fronte. (a) To confine, clip: Col. 5. 6. 17 astr. quicquid frondis erratum fuerit; Quint. 10. 4. i luxuriantia astrin- gere. (b) Of the contraction produced by cold: Ov. M. i. 120 ventis glacies adstricta pependit; 9. 222 astringi corpus (jiiviuni); Tr. 3. 4. 28 ads trie to terra perusta gelu; Pont. 3. 3. 26 astrictis aquis; Curt. 7. 3. 13 vis frigoris ita {membra) astringebat ut, etc.; 8. 4. 6 imbrem vis frigoris concreio gelu adstrinxerat ; Luc. 5. 436 Scythicas adstringens Bosporus undas. (e) So = to cool : Mart. I. 49. II corpus; Plin. Ep. 5. 6. 25 adstringi, si paeniteat teporis. (d) Of colours, to deaden: Plin. 9. 134 alterum altero aut excitatur aut astringitur. (e) Of taste: Plin. 27. 85 quae gustu adstringit (contracts the tongue). 4. Met. (a) To bind, constrain, oblige : Cic. Brut. 40 est disciplina Lacedaemoniorum adstricta legibus; Legg. 2. 48 quaeritur qui astringantur sacris; De Or. 3. 173 ut inconditam . . . dicendi consuetudinem numeris adstringerat ; N. D. I. 17 astrictum nulla necessitate; Lucr. 4. 1187 quos retinere volunt adstrictosque esse in amore; Cic. Pis. 30 lingua adstricta mercede; Cluent. 155 ne {populus Romanus) quaestione . . . per paucos indices astringatur; Plane. 74 huius officii tanti servitutem astringebam testimonio sempiterno ; Quinct. 19 ut eum suis con- dicionibus . . . astringeret; Verr. 4. 90 astr. religione ; Sail. I. 60. 6 illis studio suorum astrictis ; 70. 2 lugurtha fesso aut maioribus astricta; Ov. H. 16 (15). 320 meque Adstringam verbis in sacra iura tuis; 20 (19). 28 te mihi . . ■ adstrinxit verbis . . . Amor; Quint. 2. 2. 4 nisi . . . convenientium ad se mores adstrinxerit ; 2. 16. 9 ut se ipsi homines ad servitutem iuris adstringerent ; Plin. Ep. 7. I. 7 ipse ad eandem temper antiam adstringerer ; Suet. 334 Astrolapstts. Aug, 49 imiliies) ad certam stipendiorum . . . formulam adstrinxit; Tib. 1 8. ad certam formulam adstridum (according to a definite formula). (b) To bind over, pledge : Ter. Eun. 102 hac lege tili meam astringo fidem. (c) To draw close : Plaut. Trin. 699 adfinitatem inter nos nostram adstrinximus ; Cic. Att. 10. 6. 2 pater nimis indulgens quicquid ego astrinxi relaxat; Off. 3. Ill nullum vinculum ad astringendam fidem iure iurando maiores artius esse voluerunt. (d) In reference to a crime or fault, to make guilty of (literally to put into bondage), sometimes with gen. of the crime: Plaut. Rud. 1260 'R. et ipsum sese ei ilium furti adslringeret ; Poen. 737 R furti se adstringet; Cic. Sest. 108 scelere astringi; so SuU. 82 ; Phil. 4. 9 scelere se adslrin- geret. (e) To confine, contract, curb : Quint. 3. 4. 4 quo moti priores rem tarn late fusam tarn breviter astrinxerint ; 11. 2. 30 haec magis adhuc astringunt {contrzci, i.e. make compact); Tac. D. 38 haec Pompeius astrinxit, imposuitque veluti frenos eloquentiae. (f) To abridge, compress: Cic. Tusc. 3. 13 Stoicorum, qui breviter astringere sclent argumentum; Fat. 32 hoc artius astringi ratio non potest. (g) To reduce to straits: Liv. 39. i. 6 regio quae parsi- monia milites astringeret. 5. Adj., astrictus. (a) Contracted, tight, with compar. and adv.: Hor. 2. Ep. i. 174 non astricto socco; Cels. 8. 10. 7 adstrictius adligandum, and elsewhere in CelsuSi (b) Of taste, harsh, astringent: Plin. 27. 121 gustu adstricto. (c) Of style, concise, short : Cic. Brut. 309 diabetica . . . quae quasi contracta et as trie ta eloquentia putanda est; 327 verborum astricta comprehensio ; De Or. r. 70 poeta numeris astrictior paullo {quam orator); 3. 184 orationem . . . non adstricte sed remissius numerosam esse oportere ; Sen. Ep. 8 fin. dicere astrictius ; Quint. 8. 6. 61 ornatus . . . adstrictior; 10. i. 106 concludit astrictius; Plin. Ep. I. 20. 20 adstrictius . . . dicit; 3. 18. 10 quae pressius et astrictus scripsi; Tac. D. 31 adstrictum dicendi genus. Of the writer, Tac, D. 25 adstrictior Calvus. (d) Of flesh, firm, closely-knit: Quint. 8. Pr. 19 corpora . . . adstricta et lacertis expressa. (e) Of conduct, close, strict, applied both to the action or quality, and to the person: Prop. 2. 23. 18 astrictus pater; lustin. 44. 2 dura omnibus et adstricta parsimonia; Sen. Brev. Vit. 3. i ad- stricti sunt in continendo patrimonio ; Tac. A. 3. 55 astricti morist auctor (comp. mores adstringere above, 4. (a), from Quint.). Astr61aps'tis, -us, subst. m., an astrolabe, or instrument for marking the course of the stars : Inc. Exc. Math. ap. Macrob. i. p. 219 (Jan.). Astructio— Asttilus, 335 Astruetio, -onis (adstr-), subst. f. from astruo. 1. Build- ing up: Gael. Aur. Chron. 3. 8. 137 astructiones corporum (i.e. making new flesh). 2. Composition: Mart. Cap. 9. 930 rhythmicis et metricis astructionilus. 3. The proving, or establishment, of a statement: Augustin. Ep. 104. 14, extr. ; Claud. Mam. Stat. An. 2. 7. p. 128 (Engelb.) adstr. vert ; so 3. i p. 154, 3. 17 p. 188. Abs., Mart. Cap. 5. 461 ratio ex oratoris adstrudione colligitur ; 5. 167 in pi, Astriio, -struxi, -structum, -struere (ads-). 1. To build in addition to, or near : Caes. C. 2. 9 tectum . . . laterculo adstruxerunt ; Col. i. 5 fin. cum veteri adstruitur recens aedificium ; Plin. Ep. 9. 7. 4 utrique quae desunt adstruendi. 2. To add to (met. from adding to a structure) : Ov. A. A. 2. 119 adstrue formae; Veil. 2. 55. 2 vix quicquam gloriae eius adstr uxit; Plin. 9. 119 quid adstrui magnificeniiae posset ; Quint. 8. 3. 64 quaedam etiam ex its quae dicti non sunt sibi ipse adstruat (= supply more details); Plin. Ep. 3. 2. g astr. aliquid dignitati eius; 4. 17. 7 famae meae ; Pan. 74. 2 felicitati suae ; Pan. 46. 8 omnibus quos bonosfacis hanc adstrui laudem, quod, etc.; Sil. 4. 8 adstruit auditis . . . vulgi pavor; Tac. Agr. 44 quid aliud (ei) adstruere fortuna poterafi H. i. 78 adstr. nobilitatem ac decus; Apul. M. 5. 6 haec blanditits. 3. In speaking, to add: Dictys i. 6 belli difficul- tates pacisque commoda adstruens. 4. To pile up arguments ; lul. Vict. (R. L. M. p. 413 Halm) haec omnia cum adstruxerimus , concludemus. 5. To assign (in addition): Veil. i. 17. 2 ut Livium priorum aetati adstruas. 6. To ascribe : Mart. 3. 20. 4 «/ quae Neronifahus adstruit scriptor. 7. To support a statement: Macrob. Somn. Scip. 2. 7. 13 eiusdem ret proba- tionem umbra . . . cuiuslibet corporis sufficiet astruere. 8. To assert, affirm a thing: Agroec. p. 117 K 'adstruere' adfirmare; Claud. Mamert. Stat. An. Praef. p. 19 Eng., and often; with ace. and inf.: Mart. Cap. 2. 113 id genus innum^ra . . .astruebat; Serv. A. 11. 51; Oros. 2.-9. 3 cuius numerum nunc difficilius est adstrui quam tunc fuit vinci; Aurel. Vict. Caes. 20. 7 astruentes ilium nasci aut mori minime convenisse ; Lucifer Cal. passim ; and often in late Latin. 9. To supply, furnish with a thing : Curt. 10. I (4). 27 gentis eiusdem levissimos falsis criminibus ad- struxit. Abs., to furnish : Mart. Cap. 3. 239 non enim vocales astruere, sed omnes litteras iussa sum monstrare. Astiilus (or astulum ?), -i, subst., a little trick : Apul. M. 9. i hoc astulo commento. 33^ Asttir — At. Astiir, -is, Asturian ; Astiires, the Asturians, a people of Spain : Mela 3. 13 ; Plin. 3. 28; Florus 2. 33 (4. 12) 46, 54; C. I. L. 2. 4223 conventus Asturum; ib. 4251; 2637, 1086; 6. 1850, 3588; Luc. 4. 8 impiger Astur; Mart. 10. 16. 3 quicquid fodit Astur in arvis; 14. 199. 2 Astur equus; Sil. i. 252 exercitus Astur; 12. 748 bdliger Astur; Claud. Laus Seren. Reg. 75 nee pallidus Astur oberrat Montibus. Cogn. m. : C. I. L. 2. 2604, 2605 (Astures, Aug. Tarraconensis). Myth. n. p.: Verg. A. 10. 180. Astura, -ae, name of a river, island, and town in Latium : Cic. Att. 12. 40. 2 al. ; Serv. A. 7. 801 haud longe a Tarracina oppidum est Astura, et eius cognominis fluvius. Liv. 8. 13. 5, 12; Plin. 3. 57 Astura flumen et insula; 32. 4. Asubrius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 10. 8059, 53 (Terranova or Alicata in Sicily). Asuellius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 3702 (Rome). Asuetlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1060 (Rome, 212 a. d.). Asuvlanus, adj. from Asuvius, of Asuvius : Cic. Cluent. Asuvius, Asuvla, nomina : Cic. Cluent. 36 al. ; C. I. L, 6. 200 (Rome 70 A. D.) ; i. 1204 (written Asuid); and elsewhere in inscr. Asyndetfis, -6n or -us (do-wSeros), adj., unconnected: 1. 1. in Grammar of words standing side by side without conjunctions to connect them: Pompeius p. 264 K asyndetos tropus. Neut., asyn- deton, for the same figure : Diom. p. 445 K cum plurima nomina sine coniunctione ponuntur ; also called hioKvrov. Diom. p. 448 K Donatus p. 399. As 1. 1. of Astronomy, of stars in no connexion with others, e.g. Mercury: Sidon. Epist. 8. 11. 9. Asynthetus, (aaiivderos), adj., unconnected, not in connexion; Mart. Cap. 9. 949, Asystat6s, -fin (do-tJoraToj), adj., t. t. of Rhetoric, without cir- cumstance or qualification: lulius Victor ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 374 asystaton est thema quod circumstantiam non habet, ut ' reum facit iniuriarum pauperem dives ' ; Fortunatianus i. 2 foil. At, conjunction : a form ad attested by Charis. p. 229 K ' ad' pro ' autem,' Licinius Calvus in P. Vatinium ' ad ita mihi lovem deosque immortales velim benefecisse' etc. ; Quint. 1.7. 5 ; Vel. Long. p. 11 K ; found in Lucil. 26. 64, 68 al. ; Ter. Ad. 687 al. ; and in 4th cent. MSS. of Vergil. The original idea of the word seems to be that of continuation ; then : in the apodosis to a conditional or relative At. 337 sentence : Plaut. Cas. prol. 49 posteaquam adolevii ... At earn puellam hie senex amai Efflictim. I. 1. Then (inferential). Old formula ap. Liv. i. 38. 2 dediiisne vos . . . in meam populique Romani dicionem ? Dedimus. At ego recipio (then I receive you) ; so often when a contrast is expressed, yet, then: Plant. Trin. 528 etsi scelestus est, at mihi tnfidelis non est (although . . . yet) ; Ter. Eun. 75 si nequeas paululo, at quanti queas (if not . . . then); Cato R. R. 2. I si non eo die, at postridie (if not . . . then) ; Ace. 619 si a me regnum Fortuna atque opes Eripere quivit, at virtutem non quiit; Corn. Her. 3. 15 si separatim haec causa minus tradatur, at in iudicialibus causis, etc. So constantly in Cic. following a con- ditional clause : si non paulo, at aliquanto post : si non propin- quitatis, at aetatis suae rationem haberet : si non virtute eius, at humanitate deleciamini : si Siculorum fortunas neglegitis, . . . at vos communem P. R. causam suscipite; Caes. G. i. 43 si nullam partem Germanorum domum remittere posset, at ne quos amplius Rhenum transire pateretur; 6. 40 si pars aliqua circumventa ceciderit, at reliquos servari posse confidunt; 5. 29 in quo si non praesens periculum, at certe longinqua ohsidione fames esset timenda ; and so with si and si non in all Latin; often followed by certe (si non . . . at certe). Following etsi: Cic. Fam. 6. 6. 2 etsi non sapien- tissimi, at amicissimi hominis auctoritate ; following quoniam, Liv. i . 28. 9 quoniam tuum insanahile ingenium est, at tu doce humanum genus, etc. 2, In a statement or exposition at often = denique : e.g. Lucr. 4. 414, 436, 447, 998, 1007; Cic. often; Verg. G. i. 401, 2. 447, A. 7. 691, etc. 3. In narrative (a) at often introduces a new fact, giving it a slight touch of emphasis : e. g. Caes. C. 2. 7 at ex reliquis una praemissa, etc. Sail. C. 6. 5 at Romani, etc. ; 23. 3 a/ Fulvia; 31. 4 at Catilinae crudelis animus; 34. 2 at Catilina, etc. ; Verg. A. 4. i at regina; Tac. H. i. 53, 2. 86 al. saep., and in later Latin. (to) Or it may introduce a surprising occurrence: e.g. Verg. A. 2. 225, 3. 225, 12. 731; Ho'r. I. S. I. 99; Stat. i. Silv. i. 46, etc., etc. Or an explana- tion : Hor. I. S. 5. 60 quid facer es, cum Sic mutilus miniteris ? At illifoeda cicatrix, etc. (c) Introducing a clause suggested by something that has just been said, at may=' Well then ' : Plaut. As. 464 R Sauream non novi. At nosce sane: Ter. Hec. 804 Tun es Myconius? Non sum. At Callidemides'i Ph. 809 non satis tutus est ad narrandum hie locus. At tu intro ahi; Cic. Rose. Am. 2 audacissimus ego ex omnibus? Minime. At tanto officiosior quam ceteris Verr. 2. 106 Thermitanum aliquem ? . . . Ne id quidem. z 338 At. At Siculum ? 4. In exclamations. (a) In an angry ques- tion, What 1 Why 1 Plaut. Trin. 991 vapulabis . . . At etiam male diets ? Ter. Eun. 668 exi/oras, scelesie. At etiam restitas ? (b) In expressions of surprise or indignation = But — : Plaut. Aul. 52 R at ut scelesta sola secum murmurat; Mil. 399 Rib. at, Scekdre, quaeso, Vt ad id exemplum somnium quam simile somniavit; Cic, Fam. 7. 24. 2 at vide; and so often. (c) Introducing a bless- ing or an imprecation : Plaut. Most. 38 L at te luppiter Diqtte omnes perdant\ Ter. Ph. 807 at ita me servet luppiter, ut, etc.; so And. 666, Eun. 431, Pompon. 137 at te di omnes . . . mactassint malo; Catull. 3. 12 .4/ vohis male sit\ Verg. A. 2. 535 at tibi pro scelere hoc, inquit, pro talibus ausis, etc., and often elsewhere in poetry. (d) Marking a not very strong contrast, especially in replies : = nay but, well but, yes but, etc. Often joined with pol, enim, quidem; Naev. Com. 59 a/ enim tu nimis spisse atque tarde incedis; Plaut. Trin. 474 at pol ego, etsi volet, etc.; gig at enim multi Lesbonici sunt hie; Mil. 1208 Rib. at gestio f atmodice decet; Most. 910 L at enim ne (but I fear that); 1003 L Egone? at quidem tu; Caecil. 190 at pol, etc.; Ter. Ad. 161 Leno ego sum: Seio : At ita, ut usquamfuit, etc. ; Ad. 571 (in answer to a threat) at nomen neseio illius hominis; 830 at enim metuas (well, you might say, etc.); And. 682 Faciam . . . at iam hoe opus est; Lucil. 28. 43 piscium magnam vim inter/ecisti. At nego. So often in colloquial Latin. Cic. is very fond of using it thus : e. g. tu totam Hieronicam legem sustulisti. At quam legem ! Desinant amici eius ea dicfitare. At qui amici? Ad quaestionem abreptus est. At quam quaestionem t Una mater oppugnat. At quae mater ? And so very commonly in Latin. II. Expressing a strong contrast = but : so very common, and in all contexts where but can be used in English : Paul. p. 13 M'at' differ entiam rerum significat, ut cum dicimus ' Scipio est bel- lator,at Marcus Cato orator! Plaut. Amph. 345 R Mentire nunc. At iam faciam ut verum dicas dicere ; Cato Orig. 4. 7 fin. at tribune miliium parva laus pro faetis relicta; Orat. Inc. \o at ego illis (vitio verio) quia nequeunt egere; Ter. And. 669 deeeptus sum, at non defetigatus ; Sail. I. 85. 29 non possum ostentare : at si res postulat; no. 6 bellum neque feci neque factum umquam volui ; at fines meos . . . tutatus sum; Cic. Phil. 2. 12 non placet M. Antonio consulatus meus. At placuit M. Servilio ; and so passim in Latin, commonly joined with tamen, contra, etiam, vera, enim. Especially in introducing an objection made, or supposed to be made, by another person : so very commonly with enim : e. g. in Cic. 'At Atabiilus — Atecius. 339 enim etiam Bulbus est condemnaius I ' Adde, mates tatts. At, credo, in hisce solis rebus indomitas cupiditates hahebat. ' At ego suasi.' Scilicet is animus erat Milonis, ut suasore egerei ! and so passim in Latin. Prop. 2. 7. 5 has at and sed in the same sentence, dis- tinguishing at from sed. At magnus Caesar (But, you say — ). Sed magnus Caesar in armis (Yes, but I reply — ). In general, sed is more exclusively used to express a contrast than at, but at may be used wherever sed may be. Atabiilus, adj., name applied to a district in Aethiopia, of which the Atabuli were the inhabitants (Plin. 6. 189). Ventus Atabulus, or Atabulus alone, the scirocco, or S. E. wind : Sen. N. Q. 5. 17. 5 Atabulus Apuliam infestat; Plin. 17. 232 flatus alicuius regionis proprius, ut est in Apulia Atabulus; Hor. i. S. 5. 78; Quint. 8, 2. 13; Gell. 2. 22. 25; and elsewhere in Latin. Ataburla (or Atabyria), an old name of Rhodes; Plin, 5. 132- Ataburlus, a title of Jupiter, from Ataburia = Rhodes, Enn. Euh. 1 1 sic constituta sunt templa lovi Ataburio, lovi Labrandio. Ataecina, or Adaegtna, epith. of Proserpine: C. I. L. 2. 461, 462 Dea Ataecina Turibrigensis Proserpina (Emerita) ; ib. 605 Dominae Turibrigensi Adaeginae (Metellinum in Lusitania). Atafldlus, nom. m. : C. L L. 6. 1056. iv. 117 (Rome, 205 a.d.). Atalius, Atalia, nomina: C. L L. 6. 2409 (Rome); 9. 5466 (Falerio, Ital. Reg. v) ; 5539 (Urbs Salvia, Ital. Reg. v). Atanagrum, name of the capital of the Ilergetes in Spain : Liv. 21. 61. 6. Atanlus, Atanla, nomina : C. I. L. i. 1234 ; 3. 2191 (Salonae). Atatinus, nom. m. : C. L L. 9. 3609, 3610 (Aveia, Ital. Reg. iv). Atavius, Ata-vla, nomina: C. I. L. 10. 6347, 6348 (Tarra- cina). Atax, -aeis, name of a river in the south of France, now the Aude: Mela 2. 81; Plin. 3. 32; Luc. i. 403 mitis Atax Latias gaudet non ferre carinas. A village in the neighbourhood of the Aude: Hieron. Chron. ad Olymp. 174. 2 vico Atace in provincia Narbonensi. Ateolus, nom. m. : C, I. L. 5. 6788 (Eporedia): cogn. m.: C. I. L. 5. 4601 (Brixia). z 2 340 Ategua — Ater. Ategua, name of a town in Spain : Script. Bell. Hisp. 6. 8. 22 ; Plin. 3. 10. Ateguensis, -e, adj. from Ategua, of Ategua : Val. Max. 9. 2. 4. Ateius, nom. m., often in inscr. and lit. : e.g. C. I. L. r. 750, 751- Ateleius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 10. 1403 a. 2. 15 (Herculaneum). Atellanus, adj. from Atella, belonging to Atella : Cic. Fam. 13. 7. I ; Plin. 3. 63; and elsewhere in literature. Atellana fabula, a kind of farce or comedy supposed by the ancients to have been originally acted or invented at Atella, but now by Mommsen to have been a species of Latin drama representing scenes at Atella. The characteristics of it were, (i) that it was acted by free-born youths in masks : Liv. 7. 2. 12 ; Fest. p. 217 M; (2) that certain conventional characters, as Bucco the fatchaps, Dossennus the glutton, Pappus the old father, Maccus the fool, always occurred in it ; see the titles of the Atellanae of Pomponius and Novius in Ribbeck's Fragmenta Comicorum Latinorum; Varro L. L. 7. 95; Diomed. p. 490 K; (3) that it contained puzzles to explain, whether in the plot or in single lines is not clear; Varro Gerontodidascalus ap. Non. p. 8 putas eos non citius tricas Atellanas quam id extricaturos ; Arnob. 5. 28 tricas quem- admodum dicitur conduplicare Atellanas; Quint. 6. 3. 47 am- phibolia, neque ea obscura quae Atellani e more captant (which Halm changes into obscend); Sueton. Calig. 27 Atellanae poetam oh am- bigui iociversiculum media amphitheatri Jiarena igni cremavit; comp. Nero 39. So Atellanus may mean acting in an Atellana : luv. 6. 71 Atellanae Gestibus Autonoes; Tert. Spect. 17 Atellanus ges- ticulator, and elsewhere. Atelllus, Atellia, no.mina: C. I. L. 2. 3405 (Acci, Tarra- conensis); C. I. L. 6. 200. vii. 8 (Rome, 70 a. d.); ib. 1806, al. inscr. Ater. Atri dies in the Roman Calendar are the days following the Kalends, the Nones, or Ides: Afran. 163 Septembres heri Kalendae : hodie est ater dies; Varro L. L. 6. 29 dies postridie Kalendas Nonas Idus appellati atri, quod per eos dies novi inciperent. A different explanation is given by Verrius Flaccus ap. Gell. 5.17 (comp. Paul. p. 179 M; Macrob. S. i. 15. 22, i. 16. 21) that the atri dies were so called because the battle of the Alia was fought on the day after the Ides of Quintilis. Nonius p. 73 says they Aterianus — Atidia. 341 were also called dies posteri. Marquardt thinks the expression means unlucky days. Aterianus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 9. 5589, 5590 (Septempeda, Ital. Reg. v); 8. 3875 (Lambaesis, Prov. Numidia). Aterlus, Aterla, nomina : C. I. L. 3. 4881 (Virunum, Noricum); 5. 8677 (Concordia), al. inscr. Aternius, nom. m. : Cic. Rep. 2. 60; Plin. 7. loi; Gall. 11. i. 2 lege Aternia ; and inscr. Ateronlus, Ateronia, nomina : C. I. L. 5. 6520 (Novara) ; 7223 (Alpes Cottiae). Atesis, ace. -im, name of a river in Raetia: Verg. A. 9. 6^0 Aiesim seu propter amoenum; Plin. 3. 121; Sil. 8. 596 Verona Atesi circumflua; Floras i. 38 (3. 3). 12, al. Lat. (Usually written and printed Athesis ; but Atesis is attested by Med. and Pal. in Verg. 1. c, by one of the best MSS. of Servius ad 1., and by En- nodius Opusc. i. p. 373 Hartel. Compare the name .4/w;kf, p. 342. The modern form Adige supports the spelling Atesis^ Atestatia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 5. 4887 (near Lake Benacus). Ateste, name of a town of the Veneti : C. I. L. 6. 2375 a. i. 19 ; ib. 2429 (Rome) ; Plin. 3. 130, al. Lat. Atestia, nom. f. : C. L L. 5. 5148 (Bergomum). Atesui, name of a Gallic tribe: Plin. 4. 107. Athesis, see Atesis. Athlfin (S^Xov), abl. sing, -o, abl. pi. -is, n., a game, trial of skill: Hygin. Fab. 91 (p. 87 Schrn.) in athlo funelri. Especially of the labours of Hercules : Varro Eum. 1 2 ; Col. Here, itaque ceras conscribillam Herculis athlis; Manil. 3. 162, 172, 193; Ampel. 2. 3 ; Schol. German. Aratea 146. p. 391. 19 Eyssenhardt. In general, a//5/i2 = serious business: Patron. 57 haec sunt vera athla ! (this means business) ; Anth. Lat. 149 (962). 4 post athlafori, Athos ("a6% falsorum religionibus attineri; 6. 27 huius- modi cupiditatibus. (o) To hold back, hinder: Tac. H, 2. 14 ni victorem exercitum attinuisset obscurum noctis; A. i. 50 discordiis attinemur {a lelld); so A. 13. 37, go; 15. 24. Attis, gen. Attis C. I. L. 6. 2183 (Rome); Attidis C. I. L. 6. 511 (Rome, 377 A. D.); Attinis C. I. L. 6. 505 (Rome, 295 a. d.); Atteos C. I. L. 6. 1779 d. 26; Anth. Lat. 1315. 43 M; dat. Atti, Attidi a.nd Attini: C. I. L. 6. 502 (Rome, 383 a.d.); 508 (Rome) ; 6. 499 (Rome, 374 a.d.); 506, 510, 511 ; C. I. L. 2. 3706 (Mago in Minorca); ace. Attin CatuU. 63. 42, 88; Sen. Agam. 727; Attinem : Macrob. S. i . 21. 7. Name of a youth beloved by Cybele : Catull. 63, al. Lat. Attitulatlo, -onis (adt-), (attitulo), a naming, or giving a title to: Rufin. Prol. Orig. Comm. Cant. Cant. (Lommatzch 14. p. 290), and elsewhere in late Latin. Attitiilo, -as (adt-), to entitle, give a name to : Rufin. in Cant. 3 (Orig. vol. 17. p. 17 Lomm.) Psalmi qui 'pro torcularibus ' attitulantur. Attlus, nom. m. : Liv. 2. 33. 7 (of a Volscian), and often in inscr. and lit. Atto, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 6. 3332 (Rome). Attollo, -is, -ere (adt-). 1. To lift up, raise up : Plaut. Cas, 2. 6. 5 quid si proprius attollamus signa eamusque obviam ? Ter, Eun, 769 attolle pallium (tuck up); Sail. H. i. 74 super adstantium, manibus in murum attollitur ; Verg. very often, with se; A. 4. 176, 690; 10. 856; 5. 829 malos attain iubet; elsewhere he has att. amicum ab humo, umeris regem, capita caelo, bracchia, ora, colla, QQulos, facem, molem, aiiollere; and similarly Ov. ; Liv. 6. 16. 3 A a 354 Attollo. nee . . , ipsa plehs aut attolUre oculos aut fuscere audelunt (and else- where) ; Vitruv. 9. 6. 6 se attolkns; Plin. 21. 62 (of a plant) mc a terra se attolkntem; Quint. 11. 3. 115 manus ; ib. •j8/ron/em; Tac. H. 3. 25 corpus; g. 14 Germanos . . . levitas armorum et proceritas corporum attollit (enables to float) ; so H. 5. 6 periti imperiiique nandi perinde attolluntur (float). Poet., Verg. A. 2. 381 (anguem) attolkntem z'ras; 4. 49 Punica se quaniis attollet gloria rebus; 12. 703 pater Appenninus se attollens; Luc. 7. 11 nomen ad sidera. 2. To throw up : Verg. A. 3. 574 glohos flammarum; g. >] 14 nigrae attolluntur harenae. 3. Of a build- ing, to raise up : Verg. A. 11. 130 moles murorum; 3. 134 arcem tectis; Plin. 36. 30 attollitur (it rises) in altitudinem xxxv cuhitis; Tac. H. 4. 63 sedes suas pietate hominum incohatas divina ope attol- lerent ; 5. 1 1 turres . . . attollehantur. 4. In middle, of water, to rise : Tac. A. 6. 37 Euphraten . . . immensum attolli; Agr. 10 mare . . ne ventis quidem proinde attolli; H. 3. 47 prout fluctus attollitur. 5. Of high land or mountains : Verg. A. 3. 552 attollit se diva Lacinia contra; 3. 205 j« visa attollere terra; 5. 127 campus attollitur; Plin. 5. 6 Atlantem . . . e mediis harenis in caelum attolli; 5. 115 {Smyrna) attollitur monte (rises high). e. Of the voice, to raise (opp. to summitto) : Quint, i. 8. i ; 11. 3. 65; of shouting: Veget. Mil. 3. 18 clamor non prius attolli debet; Dictys 2. ^2/avorem attollentibus. 1. Met,, of the mind, spirits: Verg. A. 12. 4 (Turnus) attollit animos ; Liv. 22. 26. 3 ad consulatus spem cum attolkret animos; Prop. 4. 6. 51 frangit et attollit vires in milite causa ; Plin. Pan. 44. 6 foves et attollis; Quint, i. 2. 18 excitanda semper mens et attollenda est. To raise up, confirm: Ennod. Ep. i. 22 parvitatem meam spe attollere ; al. Ennod. 8. Of speech and style, to raise, exalt : Quint. 10. g. 4 suhlimis spiritus attollere orationem potest ; 2. 3. 8 se magis attollere ac dilatare conatur ; 2. 4. 9 nihil supra cottidianum sermonem attollere audeant; 8. 5. 29 quae parvjs . . . conatilus se attollunt. 9. In literary or oratorical treatment to enhance, add dignity to, exalt: Quint. 12. 7. 6 minor es utique contra dignitatem attollendi; 8. 6. 68 attollere res per similitudinem ; 8. 3. 90 quid elocutio attollat aut deprimat; Tac. Agr. 25 sua facta, suos casus attollere; H. i. ^ofamam Germanici exercitus; 2. 21 decus prae- torianarum cohortium; 2. 30 robur adventantium; 1. 90 consensum populi ac senatus; 2. 90 temperantiam suam laudibus, and so elsewhere. 10. Of persons, to exalt, by speech or action : Veil, a. 65 quanto Ciceronis studio Brutus Cassiusque attolleretur ; Tac. Attono. 355 ^S^- 39 privaii hominis nonien supra principis attolli; A. ii. i6 «?' Flavi progenies super cunctos attollatur ; 4. ^/overei, attolleret; 4. 40 immensun attolli quern, etc. ; H. 4. 52 hello et armis rem publicam ati. ; A. 3. 72 lunium Blaesum att. triumphi insignihus \ H. 4. 4 studiis senatus attollebatur . (In Ennod. Ep. 7. 14 ^«z,f . . . per spinosa gradiens purgatum iter aitollat, Hartel says that attollat = declinet) AttSno, -as, -lii, -itum (adt-). 1. To strike as with a thunderbolt: Ov. M. 3. 532 quis furor . . . vestras Attonuit mentes'i H. 4. 50 quas . . . numine contadas attonuere suo. Wrongly used, according to Seneca, in the sense of attonitum habere : Maecenas ap. Sen. Epist. 19. 9 ipsa enim altitudo attonat summa (= attonita habet) ; characterized by Seneca as ebrius sermo. 2. Most fre- quently in past part. pass, attonitus. (a) Thunderstruck, amazed at the sound of thunder : Sen. N. Q. 2. 27. 3 quos vocamus at- tonitos ; Curt. 8. 4. 4 erat prope continuus caeli fragor, et passim cadentium fulminum species visebatur, attonitisque auribus stupens agmen; Petron. loi ; Serv. A. 3. 172. (b) As t. t. of Medicine, seized with apoplexy : Cels. 3. 25 attonitos quoque raro videmus, quorum et corpus et mens siupet. Fit interdum ictu fulminis, inter- dum morbo ; awoirXrj^iav hunc Graeci appellant. (c) In general, stunned, astonished : sometimes abs., sometimes with abl. of the cause: SaU. H. i. 88 attonitus formidine ; Verg. often, e.g. A. 3. 172 ; Ov. M. 7. 614, and elsewhere; Liv. i. 47. 9, al. saep. ; Quint. II. 3. 73 attonitus Aiax in tragoedia; Tac. often, e.g. A. i. 39 at- tonita magis quam quieta contione ; and in later Latin. With gen. : Sil. 6. 231 attonitus serpentis equus; 14. 246 attonitos caeli visus. (d) Of admiration : Verg. G. 2. 508 h'c stupet attonitus rostris ; Plin. 30. 13 Britannia . . . earn attonita celehrat; Sil. 4. 7. (e) Of inspiration: Verg. A. 7. 580 attonitae Baccho matres; Hor. 3. C. 19. 14 attonitus vates; Stat. S. 5. i. ii6 attonitae catervae. (f) Of flurry and anxiety: luv. 7. 67 magnae mentis opus, nee de lodice paranda Attonitae. (g) Of a state or condition, prostrate : Plin. Pan. 38. 3 recentem et attonitam orbitatem; Lucan 2. 21 sic funere primo Attonitae tacuere domus, cum corpora nondum Conclamata iacent. (h) Of a place, spell-bound : Verg. A. 6. 53 neque enim ante dehiscent Attonitae magna or a domus. (i) Of states of the mind and conduct, in bad sense, fanatical (?) : Plin. 29. 28 atto- nitae quorundam persuasiones ; in good sense, awe-struck: Tert. Praescr. Haer. 43 attonita diligentia. Overpowered by a thought : Amm. 14. 10. 6 cogitationibus magis attonitus. (k) With dat. an'd in with ace, excited, eager about a thing: Apul. M. 4. 22 huic A a 2 356 Attraho — Attrecto. operi attonilum; lo. 35 voluptario spedaculo attonita; 11. 20 in proventum asperiorem attonitus. Attraho, -is, -ere, -traxi, -tractum (adt-). 1. To draw, drag, pull, bring to a place or person: Cic. Verr. 3. 6i adducitur . . . atque adeo attrahitur; Fam. 7. 10. 2 qui te non Romam. attraham; Att. 10. I. 3 attractum iri me ad Romam; CatuU. 15. 18 attractis pedibus (pulling the feet of the patient towards the slave) : Brut, ap. Cic. ad Brut. i. 17. 4 id ipsum . . . ut . . . ultra arcessas et attrahas; Verg. A. 11. 250 quae causa attraxerit Arpos ; Liv. 29. 9. 10; Ov. M. 3. 563 attrahite hue vinctum; Petron. 93 attractus scarus ab ultimis oris; 105 attrahite nocentes in medium; and else- where in Latin. 2. Of things, to attract : Col. 10. 24 amnes . . . quos incola durus Attrahat; Plin. 36. 128 neque attrahens ferrum. 3. Of drawing a yoke : Vulg. Eccles. 28. 23. 4. Of drawing a bow: Ov. Rem. Am. 435 attrahet . . . contentos fortius arcus. 5. Of the breath : Verg. G. 3. 505 attractus ab alto Spiritus ; Plin. 11. 188 pulmo . . . attrahens ac reddens animam; Vulg. Ps. 118. 131 attraxi spiritum. 6. Met, to attract, draw towards: Cic. Verr. 2. 1 ea me ad hoc negotium provincia attraxit; Lael. 50 quod ad se rem nullam tam inliciat atque attrahat; Ov. F. 3. 830 discipulos attrahit ilia novos. 7. In other applications, to draw: Tac. A. 15. 68 ut Vestinus quoque consul in crimen attra- heretur ; Arnob. 4. 35 attrahere lenocinia voluptatum ex iniuriis; Vulg. ler. 31.3 atiraxi te miserans. 8. Part, pass, perf. at- tractus as adj., contracted, knit: Sen. Ben. 4. 31 cum frontern attractiorem vidisset. Attreetatailis (adt-), adj. from attrecto, that can be touched : Script. De Miraculis S. Stephani (beginning of 5th century) 2. 2. 6 visibili et atirectabili manu. Attrectatio, -onis (adt-), (attrecto), touching, handling : Cell. 11. rS. 2'^ fur turn sine ulla quoque attrectatione fieri posse; Apul. Asclep. 33 quas solum res esse attrectatione cognoscimus ; Arnob. 2. 1 5 corporis. Of stroking : Pallad. 4. 12. i manus attr. (by the hand) ; Gael. Aur. Acut. 2. 37. 207 attr. singularium partium (of the parts), Of unbecoming handling : Apul. De Deo Socr. 4 ; Lamprid, Hel, 12. 4. (In Quint, i. 4. 20 tractionem is the right reading.) Attrecto, -as (adt-). 1. To touch, lay hands on, handle j Cic. Plane. 30 aspicitur, non attrectatur (pccursatio et blanditia popu- laris); Verg. A. z. 'jig sacra . , . attrectare nefas; Vulg. Act. 17, 27 si forte attreclent eum; Is. 59. 10 absque oculis attrectare. Attribub. 357 2. Esp. of laying violent or unlawful hands on: Plaut. Pers. 227 R ne me attrecta; Rud. 421 R; Cic. Cael. 20; Har. Resp. 26; Liv. 5. 22. g signum; 28. 24. 14, 34. 4. 2 regias attreclamus gazas ; Sabinus, lus Civile ap. Gell. 11. 18. 20 ; Tac. A. i. 62, 3. 52 ; Suet. Ner. 26; Paul. Sent. 5. 27. i. 3. To make an attempt upon; Ace. 198 (si I. c.) Atreum attractatum advenit. 4. Met., to touch upon, mention a thing: Naz. Pan. 3. 2 att. virtutes tuas', Pacat. Pan. 47. i. Attribuo, -is, -ere, -ti.i, -utum (adt-). 1. To assign, tell off a thing to a person : (a) Corn. 2. 45 aUquam laudis partem alteris attribuere ; Varro R. R. 3. 9. 6 atiribuendus columhis locus saeptus; Caes. C. i. 14 a/zlraz' equos; C. i. 42 singula latera castro- rum; G. 3. i partem ma; G. 4. 7 agros; 7. 81 locum; Script. B. Afr. 38 o/«j; Cic. Verr. 3. 76 civitates uxoribus; Varro S. M. 17 Bucheler terra culturae causa attributa dim particulalim hominibus ; Liv. 10. 40. 6 subsidia suis quaeque locis et praefectos subsidiis attri- buerat; 1. 20. 5 sacra omnia exscripta exsignataque attribuit; Vitruv. 4. 7. 2 reliquae partes mediae aedi attribuantur ; Tac. A. 2.55, 13. 39 loca, locum; H. 3-27 vallum portasque legionibus; Suet. Tit. 8 bona oppressorum in Vesvio restilutioni adflictarum civitatum attribuit; Arnob. 4. 8 res in usum mortalibus attributae. (b) To give or assign anything to be superintended or taken in hand : Caes. G. 5. 47 legionem ; 7. 34 equitatus partem ; Cic. Cat. 4. 13 nos trucidandos Cethego; Sail. I. 90. 2 pecus agendum; Cic. Sest. 66 curatio negotii publici attributa atque discripta ; so Liv., Curt, and others ; Quint. 12. 10. 40 officium verbis attributum, servire sensibus. (c) To assign a duty to a person: Salvian G. D. 2. 14 vindictam ei divinitus at- tributam. (d) Conversely, of a person, to tell him off or assign him to a post or duty, or to a person charged with a duty : Caes. G. 7. 90 huic (viro) M. Sempronium Rutilum attribuit; Hirt. (?) 8. 48 erat attributum Antonio praefectus equitum ; Caes. C. i. 57 centuriones classi; Cic. Att. 12. 30. i pueros attribue (Lentulo) quot et quos videbitur; Liv. 24. 21.12 quae {iuventus) praesidio eius loci attributa erat; i. 43. 9 viduae attributae quae . . .penderent. (e) To assign parts in a dialogue : Cic. Q. F. 3. 5. i quae tam antiquis hominibus attribuerem. (f ) In religion, to assign worshippers, or ministers, or festivals, to a deity : Varro L. L. 6. 19 ei sacra instituta annua et flamen attributus; 6. 2g compitalia dies attributus Laribus com- pitalibus; Lucr. 2. 614 Gallos (Cybelae) attribuunt. (g) Of a thing assigned to a deity as a patron(?): Varro L. L. 5. 69 mulieres supercilia sua attribuerunt huic deae. 2. To add, give in 358 AttribHo. addition : Lucr. 3. 242 quarta quoque his igttur quaedam naiura necessest Adtribuatur \ i. 681 nil refer ret enim quaedam decedere ahire, Atque alia attribui; Cic. Att. 12. 28. 3 ei de mancipiis, quae tibi videbitur, attribuas ; Tusc. 3. 73 attribuere ad amissio- nem amicorum miseriam nostram. 3. Of subject peoples, to make over to a person or power, put under his authority or jurisdiction: Cic. Q. F. i. i. 11 insulae quae erant ab Sulla Rhodiis attributae; Caes. G. 7. 9 quos . . . vidos . . . Haeduis . . . attribuerat ; 7. 76 ipsi Morinos attrihuerat; C. t. 35 Sally as ; Cic. Fam. 13. 67. I provinciae meae, cui scis rpets StotKijo-ftr aitributas esse ; Vitruv. 4.1.4 cuius sacra et suffragium Milesiis lones attri- buerunt; Plin. 3. 134 Camunni finitimis attributi municipiis. 4. To count as belonging to, to reckon with : Varro L. L. 5. 48 eidem regioni attributa Subura \ Vitruv. 9. 5. 2 quod eae partes cancro sunt attributae; 9. 5. 3 quae pars est attributa Capricorno ; Arnob. I. 5 religionis nostrae attributum est criminibus. 5. Of money, or a sum of money, to pay over : (a) Cic. Verr. i. ■>,\ pecunia attributa, numerata est; 3. 165 pecunia ; Pis. 86 ; Phil. 9. 16, 14. 38 (in legal formula), &rif attribuere solvere; Varro L. L. 5. 181 quibus attributa erat pecunia ut militi reddant; Cic. Att. 13. 2. i Faberius si venerit, videas ut tantum attribuatur, si modo attribuetur, quantum debetur; Liv. 40. 51. 2. (b) Conversely, the person who is made liable or responsible for money to be paid is called attributus ; with gen. of the sum of money : Cic. Att. 13. 22. 4 attributos quod appellas, valde probo ; Lex lul. Mun. i. 206. 41 ei quei earn viam redemerit, tamtae pecuniae eum eosve adtribuito sine dolo mala ; see further ib. 43, 49, 82. 6. To impose as a tax: Liv. 39. 44. 3 ut . . . his rebus omnibus terni in milia aeris attribuerentur. 7. Met., of a quality, to attach, assign : Corn. 2.32 attributum omnibus; Cic. Rose. Am. 9 summus timor, quern mihi natura pudorque meus attribuit; In v. i. 34 attributas personis has res putamus, nomen, etc. ; CatuU. 22. 20 suus cuique attributus est error. So of an article of dress: Varro L. L. 5. 114 cinctus et cingillum . . . alterum viris, alterum mulieribus attributum (proper to, belonging to); of stock or furniture, Gell. 4. i. 21 quod iumentorum _ causa apparatum esset, penori attributum (Sabinus') dicit. 8. To as- sociate with artificially, for the purpose of a memoria technica: Corn. 3. 37 turpitudinem, res ridiculas, imaginibus attribwre. 9. To attach, allow weight or authority: Caes. C. i. 32 arf quos legati mitterentur, his auctoritatem attribui; Cic. Font. 22 ne . . . cupido auctoritas attributa esse videatur. 10. To attribute a Attributio — An. 359 thing or quality to : Lucr. 2. 836 ut non omnibus adtrihuas sonitus et odores; ib. 925 quid optfs /uit atiribui quod Detrahitur} Cic. Att. 2. I. 10 quod Sicyonii te laedunt . . . attribues Catoni; Verr. 3. 156 quis istuc Apronio attribuebafi g. 106 causam calamitatis ; ib. 134 si uni attribuenda culpa sit. 11. To apply: Arnob. i. 48 qui si, utfama est, nonnullis attribuere medicinam. Attributio, -onis (adt-), subst. f. (attribuo). 1. In law, the assignment of a debt to a particular person so as to make him responsible for the payment (see Attribuo 5. b.) ; Lex lul. Mun. C. I. L. I. 206. 42 diebus xx proximis quibus is aut procurator eius sciet adtributionem factam; Cic. Fam. 16. 24. i de attributione confides; so Cic. Att. 15. 13. 5, 16. i. 6, 16. 3. 5. 2. The assignment or distribution of water : S. C. ap. Frontin. Aq. 108 uti usque eo maneret adtributio aquarum. 3. As t. t. of Rhetoric, an attribute, quality: Cic. Inv. i. 38, 2. 42 ex personarum attri- butionibus. Attrlbutfir, -oris (adt-), subst. m. (attribuo), one who assigns : Hier. Int. Didym. de Spir. Sanct. 4. Attritus, -us. Met., 1. wear : Ennod. Diet. 1 1 cum de attritu favoris publici frons refugit. 2. Of style, polish : Ib. Diet. 9 sermo . . . nullo splendescens dictionis attritu. Attulo, -is (adt-), to bring to, apply: Pacuv. 228 «^ quis vim attulat neve attigat (spelt attolat Nonius p. 246) ; Nov. 87 dotem ad nos nullam attulat. Att'ti.m'iilo, -as (adt-), to cover up in a heap. 1. Plin. 9. 14 orca attumulata fluctibus. 2. To cover in a grave: Ambros. De Paradis. 14. 70 fin. ; De Noe et Area 29. 113. 3. To pile up: Plin. 4. g (sil.c^ ventorum flatu congeriem harenae attumulantium (? accumulantium). Atturatlo, a burning of incense : Gloss. Philox. atturatio \i^avo- Kaia, 6v(rM. Attus, praenom. masc. : Cic. Div. i. 31 ; Liv. i. 36. 3, 2. 16. 4, al. Lat. Attuslus, Attusia, nomina: Auson. 4. 8. 9 (titles) pp. 34, 35 (Peiper) and elsewhere in Auson. Atulllus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2379. v. 54 (Rome, 144 a.d.). Au, interjection : an exclamation of surprise or deprecation : Plaut. Stich. 259 R au\ nullan tibi linguastl Ter. Ad. 336 au au, mi homo, sanusne es'i Ph. 754 quid? duasne uxores habet f Au, obsecrol so au, obsecro Ph. 803; Heaut. 1015; Eun. 656; Afran. 3^0 Aububvilcus— Auctor. 107 au, mt homo, immo edepol vos, supremum meum concelehretis diem; ^'] au t quid me censes 1 Petron. 67 au, au t proclamavit. Aububulcus, -i, subst. m., a shepherd : Gloss. Epinal. p. 5. C. 14 ' aububulcus ' pastor bovuni (? avium ? or avium ei bourn ?). Auca, -ae, subst. f.= avica, a bird : Gloss. Philox. auca, htvjiiov. Auoellus, -i, subst. m., a little bird : Gloss. Philox. aucellus, arpovBiov. (The feminine form aucella is illustrated in the lexx.) Aucena, n. p. f (of goddess) preserved on an ancient cista : C. I. L. I. 1501. Auchenius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1679 (Rome, 408 a. d.); Amm. 28. I. 27. Aucidlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2086. i. 23 (Rome, 155 a. d.). Aucilius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2763 (Rome). Aucisenus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1057. i. loi (Rome, 210 a. d.). Auctio, -onis, subst. f. (augeo). 1. An increasing : Paul, p. 17 M rerum crescentium auctianem ; Macrob. S. i. 14. i ; Ennod. Ep. 4. 35 «^ . . . successibus spondeat auctianem. 2. A sale (perhaps from aug-, to proclaim or give notice : see II. Auctor) ; Plaut. Stich. 195 R auctianem praedicem; 385 perquisitoris auc- tionum ; Men. 1153 R auctianem faciam; Cato Or. 42, R. R. 2. 7 : and very often in all Latin. Auctione vendere is the ordinary phrase, but Plin. 29. 96 and Gains 4. 126 say in auctiane. (In Cic. Quinct. 19 auctianem vendere is said to mean to sell the property, but is the reading right ? In Tacitus Agr. 1 9 the right reading is apparently not auctianem but exactianem.) Auctivus, adj. from auctus, past part, oi augea. 1. T. t. of Grammar, increasing, intensifying: Diom. p. 417 (= Dositheus p. 42 2 K) coniunctio ' et,' . . . modo auctiva pro ' etiam,' ul ' aevo lam graviar Pelias et vulnere tardus Ulixi' 2. In Rhet., of loci communes, opp. to minutivus, calculated to enhance or intensify: Fortunat. Rhet. 3. 20 (Halm R. L. M. p. 132). I. Auctdr, -oris (augeo), one who increases : perhaps Verg. G. 1.27 auctaremfrugum; Serv. A. 12. 159 auctor divitiarum, auctrix patrimonii. II. Auctdr, -oris, probably from a lost verb augere, the base of which is identical with that of eiSx-onai and alx-aa (see s. v. augur) ; so ' one who tells or declares.' 1. One who gives his sanction to a thing, approves of it, advises the doing of it. (a) Constr. with dat. of person, and of thing; sometimes with ace. neut. of pronoun, as id and hac; sometimes with gen. of Auct6r. 3^^ noun {ret alicuius) ; sometimes with gen. of noun and gerundivd {rei /aciendae) \ sometimes with ad (ad rem) ; sometimes with dat. of thing (Jiuic ret); sometimes with ad and noun with gerundive {ad rem /aciendam) ; sometimes with ut and subj. ; sometimes with ace. and inf. ; sometimes abs. (b) With ace. : Plaut. Pseud. 1166 R quidnunc mihi's auctor, Simo (what do you advise! me to do ?) ; so Poen. 7 2 1 R ; Ter. Ad. 939 idne esHs audores mihi? Cic. Fam. 6. 8. 2 quid sim tibi auctor; differently Liv. 23. 16. 15 quod quidam auctor es sunt (= which some assert). (c) With gen. : Com. Inc. Pall. 7 auctoris poenae. Very common thus in Cic, e.g. Att. 1. 16. 1 1 auctor tu consiliorum meorum (you sanctioned or approved my ideas); ir. 12. 2 auctor nostrae coniunctionis (advises us to hold together); Fam. 9. 15. 3 auctor moderationis urbanae; Att. 9. 11. A. 2 pads; Mil. 39 Pompeius auctor et dusi mei reditus; so Caes. oflen, e.g. auctor novorum consiliorum, armorum, belli; Sail., Verg., and all Latin. (d) With gen. of noun and gerundive: Cic. Fam. ir. 27. 8 auctor non suscipiendt belli; Verr. 2. 69 qui cum ei fuissent auc tores redimendae salutis (advised him to purchase his safety); Liv. 31. 41. 6 auctor petendi Gomphos; 32. 23. 12 auctor omittendae oppugnationis. (e) With ad and simple subst. : Cic. Sest. 42 auctor es ad perniciem m£am {eos cpponi) (put up to advise measures for my destruction). In Plaut. Epid. 357 R recent editors read cautorem, rightly. (f) With dat. of subst.: Ter. Ad. 671 auctor his rebus quis estl (who gives his sanction to?). (g) With ad and subst. jvith gerundive: Cic. Att. 9. 11. A. 2 auctor ceteris ad te adiuvandum; De Red. ad Quir. 9 adiutores auctores hortatoresque ad me restitu- endum. (h) With ut and subj.: Plaut. Stich. 128 R ita mi auc- tores sunt amici ut vos hinc abducam domum (this is the advice they give me) : At enim nos, quorum res agitur, aliter auctores sumus ; Merc. 312 R sum auctor ut me aniando hie enices; Pseud. 231 R quid mihi's auctor huic ut mittam} Ter. Ph. 629 auctores fuere ut — ; Cic. Att. 15. 5. 2, 15. II. I auctor est ut — ; Verr. 2. 37 auctor est ut quam primum agere incipiant. (i) With ace. and inf.: Atticus ap. Cic. Att. 9. 10. 5 auctor tibi non sum . . . te quoque pro/ugere. (k) Abs.: Plaut. Aul. 251 R impero atque auctor sum ; so Poen. 146 R (I give you leave); Cic. Fam. 15. 15. 3 si auctor adfuisset (if anyone had been there to encourage). (1) Very common in abl. abs., aliquo auc tore fit aliquid, something is done on some one's advice, or with his sanction or approval : Madv. on Cic. Fin. 2.29' aliquo auctor e fit quod eius fit consilio atque impulsu ' ; 36a Auct6r. Cic. Fin. 1. c. quod earn voluptatem hoc eodem auctore non destderemus (and constantly in Cic. and all Latin, me, te auctore, etc.). 2. In law, one who gives his sanction to a public or private pro- ceeding; thus in various contexts. (a) In legislation, the common phrase patres auctores fiunt (Liv. 6. 42. 10, etc.) means the patres give their sanction to the proposal. Cic. Dom. 38 speaks of the patricians as auctores centuriatorum et curiatorum comitiorum (those who sanction the holding of the comitia). (b) Of an authority necessary to sanction the actions of women : Plautus Cure. 496 R alienos mancupatis, Manu alienos emittitis, alienisque imperatis. Nee vobts auctor ullus est nee vosmet estis ulli; Cic. Caec. 73 quam (dotem) mulier nullo auctore dixisset; Cluent. 1 4 nubit genero socrus, nullis auspicibus, nullis auctor ibus, funestis ominibus omnium; Liv. 34. 2. 11 sine tutore, sine auctore; Gaius 3. 43 auctor ad testamentum faciendum (of a tutor in the case of a woman). (c) In cases of sale or transference of property, the person who is responsible for the thing transferred, the authority for its being bona fide transferable by him to the transferee: thus bonus auctor would come to mean a seller whose title was good, malus one whose title was bad. In later legal Latin it is nearly synonymous with venditor: Ps. Acron Hor. 2. S. 2. 50 ^auctor' princeps venditor, qui voce sua pronuntiabat pretia auctionum. Cic. Caec. 27 P. Caesennius, auctor fundi, non tarn auctoritate gravi quam cor pore; 54 actio est in auctorem praesentem his verbis, etc.; Verr. 5. 56 quod a malo auctore emisset se diutius obtinere non posse; Mart. 9. 62. 9 auctorem dominumque nemus sentire videtur (master and lord) ; Quint. 7. 2. 52 of money found in a person's house, pecunia cuius auctor non extat (i.e. there is no evidence to show from whom it came, who is responsible for its being there). (d) Met., of things not transferable in the strict sense of the word : Cic. Mur. 3 si in iis rebus repetendis quae mancipi sunt, is periculum iudicii praestare debet qui se nexu obligavit, profecto etiam rectius in iudicio consults designati is potissimum consul, qui consulem de- claravit, auctor beneficii populi Romani defensorque periculi esse debebit (i. e. make himself responsible for the gift conferred by the people); Phil. 11. 37 auctorem beneficiorum pater norum; Pis. 95 auctor tuus provinciae (the man to whom you owed your province) ; Flacc. 36 praeclarus iste auctor suae civitatis; Phil. 5. 11 com- mentariis Caesaris, quorum ipse auctor erat (for which he was sole voucher); Verg. A. 5. 17 non si mihi lupiter auctor Spondeat; Hor. A. P. 46 promissi carminis auctor (one who makes himself Auctor. 3^3 responsible to the public for the poem). 3. A witness, authority for believing a statement ; often abs., often followed by ace. and inf. ; Plaut. Trin. 107 t'd ita esse ut credos, rem tihi auctor em dabo; Cic. Att. 3. II. I loni nuntii, non optimis tamen auctoribus; Varro L. L. 6. I auctor satis mihi Chrysippus ; Cic. Mur. 30 auctor valde bonus, and so very common in all Latin ; Livy says of Polybius that he is haud spernendus auctor, i. e. no contemptible authority; Quint, often with ace. and inf; so Plin. 11. 73 auctores sunt ter novenis punctis interfici hominem ; Tac. A. 13. 20 Fabius Rusticus auctor est, scriptos esse . . . codicillos ; so Suet. Aug. 94 auctor est lulius Marathus . . . factum esse. Poet., Prop. 4. 3. 32 luct's auctores non dare carmen aves (vouchers for, so messengers, heralds of the light). 4. An authority, one who makes a precedent for doing a thing : Cic. Verr. 5. 67 unum cedo auctorem tui facti (show me one person who ever did the same before); Liv. 1. 10. 6 me auctorem sequentes posteri (following the precedent I have set). 5. An authority or master in a subject; often with gen. of the subject: Cic. Phil. 5. 12 iudiciorum et iuris auctor (authority in) ; Verr. 5. 55 religionis auctores; 'BaXh. 20 auctore antiquitatis ; Orat. \o dicendi gravissimus auctor et magister ; Hor. i. C. 28. 14 non sordidus auctor Naturae verique; Liv. i. 24. i auctores utroque trahunt; 35. 8. 5 auctoribus earum litter arum; 33. 10. 10 auctorem non incertum Romanarum rerum (authority in Roman history). 6. Of writings or sayings, the person responsible for them ; but it is to be observed in the case of writings that auctor is not used as exactly equivalent to scriptor. It would not be right, for instance, to say auctor libri for the writer of a book. The writer of the Itin. Alex. 3. 7 distinguishes auctor from scriptor: scriptor pro auctore laudatur. Ov. Trist. 5. i. 67 scripta . . . auctori perniciosa suo; Quint. 6. 3. 64 (of a jest), and elsewhere ; Mart. 9. 50. 6 (toga) dum . . . erat auctoris nomine digna sui (the man who gave it) ; 7. 17. 7 septem quos tibi mittimus libellos, Auctoris calamo sui notatos ; 9. 85. 10 ante dabat lector, nunc dabit auctor opus; 9. 100. 8 grande tui pretium muneris auctor erit; Suet, lul. 56 auctor incertus est belli Hispani; Aug. 70 sine auctore notissimi versus (anonymous verses) ; Calig. 8 {versus) sine auctore sunt; Dom. 8 non sine aicctorum (famosorum carminum) igno- minia. 7. Abs., a master, authority: Cic. Att. 12. 18. i quos nunc lectito auctores; N. D. i. 10 auctores, authority, as opp. to rationis momenta; Vitruv. often; Quint, often, e.g. 10. i. 48 hunc auctorem, this master (of Homer); i. 2. 12 tot auctorum notitia; Suet. Aug. .89 in evolvendis utriusque linguae auctoribus peritus; 3i54 Auctor. Gaius often has eiusdem scholae, diversae schotae audores (masters Of authorities of the same or a different school). Of painting: Quint. 12. lo. 3 maximis qui post eos extiterunt auctoribus. Here again auctor is never quite synonymous with scriptor; often in Quint. it seems to be so, but should rather be translated a master; so in Sen. Ep. 2. 2 lectio auctorum multorum et omnis generis voluminum ; Tranq. 9. 4 paucis te auctoribus tradere; luv. 7. 231 ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes. 8. One who is responsible for an action, or proceeding, or state of things : so constantly in Cic, often with gen. of the thing for which he is responsible, often abs.; Verr. 2. 47 auctores iniuriae; Plane. 49 legum ambitus auctor; often in connexion with dux, princeps, adiutor, and the hke ; Caes. C. 3. 57 auctores (if adores be not rather the true reading) seems to mean plenipotentiaries, persons empowered to carry out a negotia- tion ; Script. Bell. Al. 2 3 illo auctore (with him to back them). Of a senatus consultum : Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8. ig. A. 2 auctore te, illo relator e (you being responsible for it); Gaius 3. 73 auctor senatus consulti. 9. A leader or chief man {^ — princeps 1): Ace. 522 of Ulysses, Achivis classibus auctor; Cic. Plane. 32 auctor maximarum societatum, plurimarum magister ; Pis. 6 (of Catulus) princeps huius ordinis et auctor publici consilii. 10. The founder or originator of an existing thing, or state of things, or system : Cic. Fin. 1.29 ipsi auctori huius disciplinae (of Epicurus) ; Mur. 74 Lacedaemonii auctores istius vitae atque consilii; Quint, i. 10. 15 Lycurgus durissimarum Lacedaemoniis legum auctor; 3. 7. 21 ludaicae super stitionis. Poet., Verg. G. i. 27 auctorem frugum (the giver? unless it mean 'he who increases,' see I. auctor^; Ov, M. 4. 257 lucis auctor of Apollo, the giver; 8. loi (of Minos) leges captis iustissimus auctor Hostibus imposuit; Tac. A. 11. 14 auctor artis eius. 11. Of a race or family, the founder. (a) Cic. Agr. 2. 100 nulli me vobis auctores generis commendarunt ; Verg. A. 4. ^6^ generis ; 7. 49 iu sanguinis ultimus auctor; so Hor. and Ov.; Tae. A. 12. 58 luliae stirpis; 15. 44 auctor nominis eius (of the Christians). (b) Of a city : Verg. A. 6. 650 Troiae Dardanus auctor; 8. 134 urbis. (c) Of a temple: Tac. H. 4. 84 templi; A. 3. 62 delubri. (d) Of a kingdom: Tac. A. 2. 64 regnii (e) Of a rite, the founder : Verg. A. 8. 269 Potitius auctor. 12. Of an act, the originator, the person from whom it proceeds : Verg. A. 9. 748 neque enim is teli nee vulneris auctor; Ov. M. 5. 133 vulneris; 3. ^2^plagae; 9. 2o6facti; 10. i^q/uneris; 8. ^4g teli (the person who threw it) ; Quint. 7. 2. 7 quaeritur et de facto et de Auctorabilis — Auctdritas. 365 auctore; C. I. L. 6. 1132 (Constantius) /«i5/zira« libertatis auctor (Rome, 305 A.D.); ib. 3791 (of Valentinian) /wWfflfi securitatis auctor. Met., Vitruv. 3. i. 8 (si l.c) huius autem rei audorem invenerunt pedem (the standard of this measurement). (II. Auctor can be used either with a masc. or fern, noun, e.g. Plaut. 1. c. rem tibi auctorem dabo, Cic. Div. 1.27 with aves, and so Liv., Ov., and other writers; Paul. p. 29 M ^auctor' communis er at generis apud antiquos ; Placidus p. g D ' auctrix ' ab augendo dicta est, ' Auctor ' ab auctoritate, generis est communis^ AuctorabUis, -e, adj. from auctor 0, with authority, having a right to command: Schol. Lucan. i. 434 (Weber) quod est auctor abik; Schol. Vind. Hor. A. P. 191 aliqua auctorabilis persona, ut iudices. Auctoramentnin is explained in Gloss, ap. Mai C. L. vol. 6 as = ipsa res venditionis : probatio veritatis : quod est in fiducia ; Gloss. Bodl. as = ipsa res venditionis vel iudicium. (Its other uses, all derived from its original sense of ' that which binds or obliges,' are sufficiently illustrated in the lexx.) Auetoraticius, adj. from auctoratus, authoritative, authentic : Gloss. Cyrill. aiSevuKov, auctoraticium, authenticum. Auctoratio, -ouis, subst. f., abstr. from auctoro, the binding over of gladiators to their master : Ps. Acr. Hor. 2. S. 7. 59 auctoratio dicitur venditio gladiatorum ; Gloss. Bodl. ' auctoratio ' venditio, nam sub auctoratione sunt gladiatores qui se vendunt; so Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. vol. 6 ; Glossae Nominum p. 20 Lowe. Auctoritas, -atis (II. auctor), properly the position of an auctor. 1. In the oldest Latin auctoritas means right of ownership : XII Tabb. ap. Cic. Off. i. 37 adversus kostem aeterna auctoritas; so Lex Atinia ap. Gell. \*i. ^. 1. quod subruptum erit, eius rei aeterna auctoritas esto ; Cic. Har. Resp. 14 multae sunt domus in hac urbe . . . iure auctoritatis ; Top. 23 usus, auctoritas fundi biennium est; Caec. 74 aquae ductus, haustus, iter, actus, a patre ; sed rata auctoritas harum rerum omnium a iure civili sumitur. 2. The position of an auctor as one who gives security for the validity of a sale : Paul. Sent. 2. 17. i venditor si eius rei quam vendiderit dominus non sit, pretio accepto auctoritatis manebit obnoxius; ib. 3 auctori- tatis venditor duplo tenus obligatur (is liable to make good the security). 3. The position of an auctor in the sense of one who gives his sanction to a thing, is responsible for it ; so auctori- tatem de/ugere = to decline or disclaim responsibility for a thing : JPlaut. Poen. 147 R auctor sum, sino. Si auctoritatm postea , . . 366 Auctoritas. defugeris ? Ter. Eun. 390 numquam defugio auctoritatem-; Cic. Sull. 33 atlende . . . quam ego defugiam auctoritatem consulatus met. 4. In general, sanction, initiative : Ter. Hec. prol. 47 /acite ut vestra auctoritas Meae auctoritati fautrix adiutrixque sit; Gains Gracchus ap. Meyer Fr. Or. xxxiv. 1 5 considerate cuius auctoritatem sequimini; Tac. A. r6. 21 iniquus Thraseae quod auctoritate eius concidisset (== eo auctore, with his sanction); H. i. 76 tieque ex- pectata consults auctoritate . . . epulum plebei . . . obtulerat. So the act which, by being the first of its kind, sanctions a given pro- ceeding: Tac. H. 5. 16 principem Galham sextae legionis auctoritate factum (:= initio Caesar em appellandi facto a sexta legioni). 5. So it is constantly used in classical and later Latin in the sense of our word authority, especially in the legal phrases, auctoritas senatus, auct. populi (of an act done on the authority or with the sanction of the senate or people). See II. Auetor 2 (a). (a) In auctoritate esse alicuius, to be under the control of, obedient to : Liv. 3. 21. I trihuni se in auctoritate patrum futures esse polliciti; so 4. 26. 7, 32. 7. 12; Liv. 4. 57. 5 si quis intercedat senatus con- sulto, auctoritate se fore contentum (the authority of the senate), (b) With gen. of the action sanctioned: Cic. Har. Resp. 18 rerum bene gerendarum auctoritates augurio . . . contineri putaverunt ; N. D. 3. 85 {haec oratio) auctoritatem videtur adferre peccandi. (c) Of the authority for a saying : Plant. Trin. 217... quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas, Unde quidqtte auditum dicant. (d) Of authority in the sense of moral weight; in pi., when so used of several persons, much as we speak of ' great or important names ' : Cic. Verr. Act. Pr. 52 circumstant te summae auctoritates] Att. 1. 13. 2 secundus in dicendo locus habet auctoritatem paene principis; Q. F. 3. 5. I cum auctoritate de r. p. loqui; Balb. i auctoritates patronorum; Sull. 37 cum auctoritates principum ad incitandos animos Allobrogum conligeret Cassius (i. e. getting together all the moral weight of these men). In Tac. A. 2. 32 [quorum auctoritates adulationesque rettult) Mommsen takes auctoritates to mean ' pro- posals ' : but it probably means no more than authority or moral weight: 'I have mentioned these weighty names'; Caes. G. 3. 23 magna cum auctoritate . . . bellum gerere conantur; so Caes., Sail., Liv. (e.g. i. 7. 8 Evander auctoritate magis quam imperio regebat loca), and all writers. (e) Of authority in the sense of the weight to be attached to the actions or sayings of pre- decessors — auctoritas superiorum, and the like : very often, e. g. Cic. Man. 51 tametsi cognoscetis auctoritates contr arias virorum Auctoro. 367 fortissimorum \ Cluent. 139 audoritates nostras in orationilus con- signatas; Vitruv. 5. praef. i maximas et egregias adiecerunt suis scriptis audoritates. (f) In general, consideration, esti- mation, honour: Varro R. R. 2. 5. 3 bos in pecuaria maxima debet esse audoritate; Plin. 8. 170 post eum (Maecenatem) interiit auctoritas saporis asino; 9. 61 lupo et asellis praecipuam audori- tatemfuisse; 13.4 (of unguents). (g) Vitruvius uses the word frequently of buildings or parts of buildings, apparently in the sense of imposing quality; though Semper would take it as meaning the prominence or accentuation of certain features of a building, which makes them the type and representative of the parts to which they belong : Praef. 2 ut maiestas imperii aedifidorum egre- gias haberet audoritates; i. 2. 5 decor autem est emendatus operis aspedHs probatus, rebus compositi cum audoritate; 3. 2. 6 sic enim habebit et figurationis aspectum venusfum et aditus usum sine impe- ditionibus et circa cellam ambulatio audoritatem ; ib. 8 ut aspectus propter asperitatem intercolumniorum habeat audoritatem; so 5. i. 10 ; 6. II. 10 cum venuste proportionibus et symmetriis habuerit audoritatem. (h) In the language of literary criticism, auctoritas may mean weight, majesty, e.g. Quint. 8. 3. 3 sublimitas profecto et magnificentia et nitor et auctoritas expressit ilium fragorem; 8. 3. 25 vetustatis inimitabilem arti audoritatem; 10. i. 97 Accius atque Pacuvius grandissimi . . . audoritate personarum. (i) Of per- sonal appearance, imposing character, majesty : Suet. Claud. 30 formae. (k) Of music: Vitruv. 5. 4. 3 cantio eius {harmoniae) maxime gravem et egregiam kdbet audoritatem (majesty, imposing character). (1) Of property, amount : C. I. L. 5. 4020 (Pes- chiera) si auctoritas patrimoni mei maior fuisset. 6. Concr., an authority, i.e. (a) Authoritative statement or document: Cic. Flacc. 15 ista praeclara psephismata, non sententiis neque aucto- ritatibus declarata; Verr. Act. i. 56 testibus . . . tabulis privatis publicisque auctoritatibus ; ib. 7 legationes cum publicis auctoritatibus convenisse; De Or. 3. 5 quod in auctoritatibus praescriptis extat, al. (b) An order, authority: Cod. Theod. 2. 27. i. 6 audoritatem postibus debitoris adfigere. Auctoro, -as : verb den. from auctor in the sense of a person who makes himself responsible in the matter of a sale. 1. To bind over, to hire out a person or thing to the service of another : Gloss. Philox. audoratus, aidaipeTos els Sov\ov iavTov ^ahXav, Kal liovoixaxos '. Glossae Nominum p. 20 Lowe 'auctoratus^ i.e. graece monomackus, qui est ab exercitu eledus ubicumque quis congreditur 3^^ Auctrix— Aucupo. cum hoste; so al. Gloss. Hon 2. S. 7. 59 aucforatus; Plin. 14. 10 «/ vindemiator audoratus rogum ac tumulum excipiat; Sen. Apoc. 9. 3 inter novos auctoratos; Quint. Decl. 302 pr. (Ritter) quidam, ut patrem sepeliret auctoravit se. 2. In general, to bind over : Liv. 37. 10. 8 eo vera pignore velut auctoratum sibi proditorem ratus est; Man. 5. 345 auctoratos in tertia iura minisiros. 3. To purchase or secure a thing for oneself: Veil. 2. 30. i {Per- pernd) sibi turpissimam mortem pessimo auctoravit /acinore. 4. To warrant a thing, give it authority: Tert. Cor. Mil. 2 satis auctorata ohservatio; al. Tert. Hence adv. auctorate from aucto- ratus as adj., in an authoritative manner : comp. and sup. lul. ap. Augustin. c. sec. resp. lul. 2. 19 Evangelii testimonio quasi aucto- ratius denegavit; id. ib. 5. 30 in ius auctoratissime trahit (Paucker). 5, In depon. form auctoror, to hire out: Apul. M. 9. ig pudicitiam suam protinus auctorata est ; Tert. Scap. i animas nostras auctorati. 6. To make oneself security for a thing : Pompon. Dig. 26. 8. 4 si tutor auctoratur cui administratio tutelae data non est ; Ulp. Dig. 27. 6. 9 ut alius auctoraretur inscius. I. Auctrix, -icis, subst. f. ag. from augeo, fem. to I. Auctor. 1. She who increases : Charis. p. 44 K ; Qtrv. A. 12. i^g cum venit ab eo quod est augeo, et auctor et auctrix dicitur, ut si dicas ' auctor divi- tiarum ' vel ' auctrix patrimonii'. 2. An exaggerator : Salv. G, D. 3. 48 oratio eorum auctrix est magis criminum quam exoratrix. II. Auctrix, fem. to II. Auctor. 1. One who is responsible for: Tert. Spect. 18 tragoediae et comoediae scehrum auctrices cruentae et lascivae ; Herm. 5 materia auctrix omnium ; Marc. 5. 10 anima auctrix operum carnis. 2. One who sanctions : Tert. Cor. Mil. 4 traditio tibi praetendetur auctrix ; An. 57 auctrix opini- onum istarum magia. 3. One who sells: Cod. lust. 8. 45. 16. Auciipatio, in metaphorical sense, hunting for: Caecil. 62 quid tibi aucupatio est Argumentuml Oros. 5. 19. 10 auc. rerum novarum. Aucfi-patSr, -oris {aucupo). 1. A bird-catcher : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6; Gloss. Hild. and Philox. 'aucupator' auceps, aucupator l^evTrjs. 2. Met., one who watches for : Oros. 5. 4. 19 auc. eventuum. Aucuplus, nom. m. ; C. I. L. 6. 647 (Rome). Auciipo, -as. 1. To catch birds, so to watch, watch for, (a) Abs., Plant. Men. 570 R hue concedamus : ex insidiis aucupa; True. 963 R lepide ecastor aucupavi atque ex mea sententia. (b) With ace, Enn. Tr. 293 {2i?i) fluctus verborum aures aucupanf] Audacilius — Audeo. 369 Plaut. Most. 473 S num. quis est Sermonem. nostrum qui aucupetP Pacuv. 96 prospectum ; Ace. 165 id reges Argivom attcupant; 407 prospectum aucupo; Titin. 157 id ego aucupavi, plenas aures adfero; Sen. Here. Oet. 485 ne quis arcana aucupet; Itala Ps. 58. 4 animam meam aucupaverunt, have lain in wait for (Ronsch I. V. p. 297). (c) With verbal clause following: Plant. As. 881 R aucupemus ex insidiis clanculum quam rem gerat; Mil. 990 Rib. quid aucupet me quid agam'i Passive, Lact. 5. 22. 22 multa . . .per rumorem vicissim aucupata. 2. Depon. form aucupor. (a) To catch birds : Varro R. R. I. 23. 5 ; Dig. 41. I. 3. I, 47. 10. 13. 7. (b) Of other things than birds : Col. 9. 8. 8 aucupandi examina (aptm) ; Apul. Apol. zi pinnas. 8. Met., to watch for, try and catch: Plaut. Rud. 1093 R {si I. c.) viden scelestus aucupatur ; Lucil. 26. ^pqpulum aucupamur (so Miiller) ; Varro L. L. 5. i. 8 scientiam ad opinionem aucupabor ; Gloria i voluptatem auribus aucupatum concucurrisHs ; Cic. Fam. 5. 12. 3 aucupari tuam gratiam; Verr. Act. i. 9 non haec omnia colligeret atque aucuparetur ; Flacc. 92 matris imbecilli- tatem; Sest. 119 omni ex genere orationem ; Pis. 57 inanem rumorem; Cluent. 105 rumusculos; Rose. Am. 22 tempus Sullae; Caec. 52 si verba inter nos aucupabimur ; 88 verborum vim ; Script. Bell. Afr. 3 occasionem egressHs; 58 accessum hostium; Ov. Her. 13. 107 somnum; Quint. 11. i. 50 reum verba aucupantem; Plin. praef. 30 alienae scientiae famam ; 33. 32 iuvenalem famam; Flor. 2. i (3. 13) I studium populi; lustin. 29. 4. 11 absentiam eius aucupantes . . . Macedoniae imminebant; Suet. Aug. 86 recondifas voces. (The form -cupare as in nuncupare, occupare^ Audacilitis, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1058. iv. 93 (Rome, 210 a. d.). Audaslus, nom. and cogn. m. : C. I. L. i. 1031, 6. 200. iii. 7 (Ro.me, 70 A. D.). Audeuiiis, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1056. ii. 57 (Rome, 205 a. d.), 1058. i. II (Rome, 210 a. d.). Audeutla, -ae, subst. f., abstr. from audens, daring, boldness (always in a good sense, while audacia can also have a bad sense) : Nonius p- 431 audacia temeritatis est, audentia fortitudinis ; Quint. 12. pr. 4 ; Plin. Ep. 8. 4. 4 ; Tac. G. 31. 34 ; A. 15. 53. Audeo, ausufi sum, audere : verb den. from avidus ; pf. ind. ausi, Cato Or. 53 ; perf. subj. amim, ausis, ausit, in all Lat. Sodes, contracted for siaudes, if you please. 1. To wish, to be pleased, to do a thing. (a) Plaut. Trin. .244 da mihi hoc, mel meum, si me amas, si audes; Pseud. 78 R nilne adiuvare me audesi Mil. 232 Bb 370 AucUa — Au(Hentia. Rib. auden participare me quod commeniusl Rud. 1030 R ecquid condicionis audes ferret Men. 149, 697 R; True. 425 R; Poen. 1358 R haud aliter ausim; Lucr. 4. 508 nisi credere sensibus ausis ; Cic. Pis. 10 guas leges ausus est non nemo improbus, potuit quidem nemo convellere ; Verg. A. 6. 624 ausi omnes immane nefas, ausoque potiti; Oros. 4. 5. 4 quorum tanta manus fuit ut sine controversia auso potirentur. (b) So in colloquial Lat. in the phrase sodes (= si audes), ' if you please.' 2. To dare, venture : passing in Latin : constr. with inf. and with ace. neut. : after the Cicero- nian age also with ace. of all nouns ; Plaut. Aul. 474 R iam hoc non ausim praeterire quin consistam et conloquar; As. 47^^ ^"^ audes mihi suhvenirel etc. Constr. (a) non audeam quin, I would not venture not, Plaut. As. 25 R. Cic. has audeo passim with inf. With ace. of neuter pron. and pronominal adj., Cic. Mil. 56 quantum ilk auderet cogilabat; and so elsewhere with tantum 2knA quantum; Quinct. 69 quod poterunt, id audebant; Rose. Am. 147 nihil habere, nihil audere, nihil posse ; and so Cie. else- where, Caes. and Sail.; Sail. H. Inc. 62 multa nefanda ausi atque passi; Verg. has audentem extrema ; Liv. audere ultima, capitalem fraudem, capitalia (3. 2. 11, 23. i. 43, 26. 40. 17); Tac. has nihil, multa, magnum /acinus, flagitium, stuprum, poenam, ullionem, op- pugnationem castrorum, pugnam, proelium, aciem, machinas audere ; H. 5. II rebus secundis longius ausuri (ready to venture further), (b) With in and ace: Verg. A. 2. 347 audere in proelia. (c) Abs., Sail. H. 4. 61. 20 audendo et fallendo; Verg. A. 12. 159 audendi; Liv. 21. 40. 7 quia audent; Tac. H. 4. 49 ; Agr. 15, etc. ; Vulg. 2 Cor. 10. 2 ne praesens audeam: confidentiam qua existimor audere. (d) Pass., Nep. Milt. 4 fin. (impers.) auderi adversus se dimicari; Liv. 35. 35. 16 agenda est res audendaque; 39. 8. 8 multa . . . audebantur; Veil. 2. 56. 4 omnibus audendis paratis- simus; Tac. A. 3. 67 ausis ad Caesarem codicillis; Suet. Dom. 14 audendam esse patroni necem. (e) So neut. of pass. part, ausum, a venture, an enterprise (sometimes in bad sense) : Verg. A. 2. iZi pro talibus ausis; so 12. 351 ; Ov. M. 7. 178 adnuat ausis; Stat. Theb. 4. 368 magni . . . non inscius ausi; Tac. A. 2. 39, 3. 66, II. 8, 13. 47 (nullius ausi capax) ; Sedul. Carm. 5. 352. 3. Part. pres. audens with comp. audentior : as adj., daring : Verg. A. 6. 95, 9. 291, 10. 284; Ov. M. 10. 586 al.; Val. Fl. 4. 284; Quint. 8. 3. 27 ; Tae. Agr. 33; D, 14, 18; and elsewhere in later Latin. Audia, nom. f. : C. I. L, i. 1413 (Assisi). Audlentia, -ae (audiens). 1. Hearing : Prudent. Perist. Audienus — Audio. 3 7 1 10. 954 surdis fruendam reddere audientiam. 2. Silence, at- tention : Plant. Poen. pr. n exsurge, praeco,/ac populo audientiam (from Ennius, Tr. 13 Rib.); Corn. Her. 4. 68 illi praeco faciebat audientiam ; Cic. Div. Caec. 42 quantam deniqtie audientiam orationi meae improbitas mea factura sit; Cic. Sen. 28, De Or. 2. 325 aud. facere, fieri; Apul. M. 3. 4 aud. trihuere; Arnob. i. 29 in humani generis audientia collocari; 3. 29 viam vobis pandere ad deorum audientiam; 4. \^ fastidium audientiae; 5. 29 audientia iota clau- denda est; 6. 5 audientiam numinum nulli esse clausam linguae; Cypr. Ad Dom. 2 ad audientiae popularis inlecebram ; al. 3. Of hearing instruction, attending lectures : Cod. lust. 7. 25. i ad primam legum audientiam venire. 4. Of hearing a case on the part of a judge : Fr. lurispr. Vat. 33 partihus audientiam prae- biturus; Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2. 45. 3 audientiam regis poposcit; 2. 49. 9 episcopis audientiam reservare; Ennod. Ep. 3. 20 ad fori audientiam; Cod. Theod. i. 16. 6 cum negotiis omnibus . . . ex- hibuerint audientiam; 11. 31. 3 si audientiam necessitas publica . . . abnegaverit; 16. 2. 47 episcopali audientiae reservamus; Cod. lust. 3. 13. I audientiam eius elegistis. 5. Concr., audience, hearers: Salv. Epist. 4. 26 nee persona carior nee audientia humanior. Audienus, cogn. m. : C, I. L. i. 1309 (Mutuesca); 6. 146 (Rome). Audio, -is, -ire, -ivl, -itum, imp. audibam CatuU. 84. 8 ; Ov. F. 3. 507; fut. audibo, Enn. Com. 277 R ; Caecil. 24, 113 ; Plaut. Capt. 619, al. Audin = audisne, do you hear? Often in colloquial Latin. Short forms of perf. ind. and plup. subj. audisti, audissem, audisse, frequent in poetry: see Quint, i. 6. 17, who laughs at the aflFectation of saying audivisti. 1. To hear : simply of a sound, or of the person or thing from whom the sound proceeds : passim in all Latin, e. g. Plant. Trin. 76 ut ie videre audireque aegroti sient ; Cato Orat. 40 auditis; nan auscultatis, quasi pharma- copolam ; Pacuv. 85 magis audiendum quam auscultandum censeo, etc., etc. With gen., Itala ler. 23. 22 si audissent verborum meorum; Luc. 15. 25 audivit symphoniae et chori; al. saep. ; see Ronsch L V. p. 438. Phrase male audire, to get a scolding, Ter. Ph. 359. 2. To listen, keep silence, attend. (a) Enn. Trag. 34 (Vahlen) audire vos iubet imperator; so audi, audite\ Cic. Phil. 2. 43, al. saep. (b) So colloquially, audio ! = I listen ! Good ! Plant. Ps. 291 R si facer e possim, pietas prohibet : Audio ! So often in Cic, e. g. Quinct. 42, Rose. Am. 52. 3. Of hearing a statement, B b 2 372 Audio. tidings, report : constr. with ace. and inf., indirect question, ace, and with de (about a thing): Plaut. Trin. 103 haec quom audio in te did; ib. 11^6 filiam meam tihi desponsam esse audio ; Cic. Fin. 4. 62 qua te audimus valere plurimum; Ter. Ad. 128 de eadem re audiam quid sit factum, etc., etc. Audire aliquid ab aliquo, to hear something from a person : Nep. Them. 7. 2 a quibus cum audisset, etc. But Cic. generally uses ex aliquo or de aliquo in this sense : Madvig on Fin. i. 39. Colloquially, audio = ' so I hear,' ' mere talk ' : Ter. And. 552. 4. Of a judge hearing parties : Lex Rep. 32. 37. .71; Cic. Flacc. 98; Sen. Ben. 2. 12 de capite consularis viri; al. Lat. 5. Of an audience or person spoken to : to attend to, listen, heed. (a) Cic. Cluent. 63 ; Phil. 13. 6; De Or. i. 259; Hor. i. C. 13. 13 «' me satis audias ; Liv. I. 32.6, al. Lat. (b) Met., Verg. G. i. 514 neque audit cur- rus habenas ; Ov. M. 5. 382 nee quae magis audiat arcus ; Sen. Here. Oet. 980 non audit arcus'i Stat. Theb. 5. 412 clavum audire ; Luc. 3. 594 qua nullam melius . . . carinae Audivere manum ; 9. 931 si quod tardius audit Virus; Sil. 14. 392 docilesque regentis Audivisse manus. (c) Of a god listening to prayer : Cic. Pis. 43 ; Caes. C. 2. 42 preces; Hor. i. C. 2. 27, al. saep. With dat. (perhaps because auscultare precedes) Apul. Apol. 83. 6. To listen to with approval: Cic. Tusc. i. 65 nee Homerum audio; Fin. 2. 90 id Socratem audio dicentem ; De Or. i. 68 si me audiet. 1. To hear, i. e. attend the instructions of a person : Cic. Off. i. i audientem Cratippum ; Acad. i. 34; N. D. i. 37 ; Suet. Tib. 32, al. Lat. 8. To hear of a thing : with simple ace. : Ter. And, 216 audire eorum audaciam; PoUio ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 33 audire calamitatem ; Cic. often has audita re, his rebus auditis ; Verr. 5. 68 audire lautumias Syracusanas; see also Marcell. 28; Phil. 2. 95; Caes. C. 2. 32 res gestas Caesaris; Liv. 31. 18. i audita obsidione Abydenorum ; so Hor. and other good writers. 9. In the phrase audiens esse, with dat., to be attentive^ obedient to : often with dicto as well as dat. of person : Plaut. Amph. 989 R audiens dicto lovi ; Trin. 1062 si non dicto audiens est ; Pers. 399 R; Cato R. R. 142 dominoque dicto audiens sit; Cic. Verr. i. 88; 114 tibi dicto audiens; 4. 27 dicto audientem esse praetori; Phil. 7. 2 dicto audiens huic ordini; Caes. G. i. 39, al. ; Liv. 5. 3. % plebs nobis dicto audiens atque obediens sit; and so in all Lat. 10. Intr., audire = to have a reputation, be called : with adv. bene, male, and also nom. of the epithet: Caeeil. 24 audibis male; Ter. Ph. 20 audisset bene; Hee. 600 valgus quod male audit mulierum ; Cic. Fin. Auditio — Auditdriiun. 373 3. 67 ^^^^ audire a parentibus, a proptnquis ] Hor. i.Epist. i6. r^ si euros esse quod audis; and often elsewhere in Latin. With inf., Catull. 68. 113 audit fodisse (is said to have dug). 11. Pres. part, audiens. (a) As adj., = obedient : C. I. L. 6. 3221 (Rome) ; audientissimus (most obedient). (b) As subst., in eccl. Latin, a catechumen: Cypr. Ep. r8. 2. 29', al. ; Ps. Cypr. de Bapt. 14 in verhum audientes. (Usually connected with Sanskrit av-, to observe, favour, show grace to : but does the meaning bear this out ? The word seems rather akin to au- in als = al-as and Gothic aus-o, Lith. aus-i-s : see Curtius G. E. p. 403.) Auditio, -onis (audio). 1. Hearing : Cypr. ad Don. 16 sisif nobis spiritalis auditio: Vulg. ler. 10. 22 vox auditionis (that can be heard) ; Ps. Cypr. de Sing. Cler. 37 auditiones simplices sus- eipere. 2. The sense of hearing: Apul. Dogm. Plat. i. 14 init. auditionem vero . . . percipere sonores. 3. The hearing of reports and the like : Cic. Fin. 5. 42 fabellarum auditiom; Arnob. i. 58 non suntfacili auditiene credenda. 4. Hearsay : Cic. N. D. 2. g^/ama ei auditione accipere aliquid. 5. Listen- ing, attention, to instruction: Cic. De Or. 2. 131; Plin. 26. 11 auditioni operates ; Quint. 2. 2. 11 si stilo facultas continget, auditione iudicium ; 10. 1. lo mulia lectione aique auditiofu. 6. Concr., a sound: Vitruv. 10. r8. 2 ad sonitum musicis auditionibus catapuUae iemperantur. 7. A story told on hearsay, a rumour : Cic. Plane. 56 auditionibus fictis ; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8. r. 2 ne tenuissimam quidem auditionem accepi; Caes. G. 4. 5 his rebus atque auditionibus permoti; 7. 42 auditionem habet levem pro re comperta; Quint. 5. 7. 5. tota genera testimoniorum, ut de auditionibtis ; Tac. A. 4. 11 ut claro sub exemplo falsas auditiones depellerem; Vulg. Ps. in. 7 ab auditione mala non tim^bit; Nab. 3. ig qui a-udierunt auditionem tuam. 8. A lecture : Gell. 14. r. 2 egressus ex auditione; 18. 2. 2 easdem auditiones eosdemque doctores colebamus; 19. 8. i magistris auditionibusque obeundis. Audlto, -as, freq. from audio, to hear frequently : Paul. p. 28 M (probably from Plaut. Sfich. 167 R auditavi saepe hoc vulgo dicier). Auditdr, of a judge hearing a case: Cod. Theod. 11. 31. 7 sacrae cognitionis auditor. Auditorium. 1. In law, the hearing of a case : Cod. Theod. II. 31. 9 sacri auditorii cognitio; C. L L. 6. 1678 (Rome, 438 A.D.) auditorii sacri cognitor; Dig. 4. 8. 41 si temere auditorium receperit. 2. A chamber of audience, especially, a lecture- 374 Auditrix — Auf idius. room: Quint. 2. 11. 3; 10. i. 79, al. ; Tac. D. 9, 34, al. ; SueU Aug. 85, al.; C. I. L. 6. 1017 (Rome). 3. A hall of justice: Vulg. Act. 25. 23 ; Dig. 4. 4. 18. i ; 42. i. 54. 2 ; 49. 9. i adesse auditorio. 4. An auditory, body of listeners : Plin. Ep. 4. 7. 2 ingenti auditorio ; Ps. Suet. Vita luv. init. modicum auditorium ; Apul. Apol. 73 locus auditorii; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 2 (3). i. i pres- byter qui hesterno auditorium amisit. Auditrix. -icis, subst. f. of auditor : Prise. De Nom. § 7 1 K (2. p. 456 K) auditor auditrix. Auditiis, -us (audio). 1. Hearing : Ace. 406 adaures cantuni et auditum re/ert; Tac. D. 8 non auditu cognoscenda, sed oculis spectanda ; A. 4. 69 plurium auditu ; 2.72; 13. 5 ; Cypr. De Cath; Eccl. Un. 2 auditum gratiae spiritalis. 2. Hearing about a thing : Cic. Plane. 99 cum auditu crudelia, tum visu ne/aria ; PhiL 2. 63 rem foedam auditu; 7. 8 acerbum auditu; Pis. 32 mirabile auditu. 3. A listening to, attention to : Lucan. 10. 183 dignior hoc auditu; Tac. H. 2. 59 brevi auditu quamvis magna transibat ; Oros. 2. 19. 10 vocis imago . . . trepidos suspendebat auditus ; Salvj G. D. I. 23 auditum te ad preces eius modi non habere. 4i Hearing of, learning : Macrob. S. 3. 10. 2 cepimus pontificii iuris auditum. 5. Sense of hearing : Corn. Her. 2. 8; Cic. N. D. 2. 144; Plin. 8. 114 acerrimi auditiis ; 23. %^ gravitatem auditus; Arnob. 2. 60 ut infidelium dissiliat et dirumpatur auditus; 7. 41 veniant ad auditum; CaeL Aur. Acut. 2. i. i auditiis falsitas; Vulg. I Cor. 12. 17, al. ; Ennod. Ep. 9. 27 quod pascat auditum. 6. Sound, what is heard: Ps. Apul. Mund. r5 auditus dum ad aures venit; Veget; Mil. 3. 5. p. 73 L emittit auditum. 7. A rumour: Tac. H. r. 76 occupaverat animos prior auditus (if auditus \% not rather the pass, part.); Vulg. ler. 49. 14 auditum audivi; Ennod. Ep. i. 14 fin. in ancipiti profectionis vestrae auditu. 8. A message (of preaching) : Vulg. Is. 53. i (quoted loann. 12. 38). Avens, a river in the Sabine territory : Serv. A. 7. 657. Aufellius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 2. 4975. 10 (Madrid). Aufentum, name of a river of Latium : Plin. 3. 59. Aufestius, cogn. m. : C. I. L. i. 1112. Aufidatorius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2379. ii. 3 (Rome, 144 a.d.). AuKdius, Aufldla, nomina : Varro R. R. 2. 9. 6 ; C. I. L. !• 573 (71 B.C.), spelt 0/dius; C. I. L. i. 1287, ^"d elsewhere in inscr. and literature. Auf ilenus — Aug^o. 375 Aufllenus, cogn. m. : Catull. loo. i : C. I. L. 6. 2379. iii. 11 (Rome, 144 A. D.). Auflllns, nom. m. : Val. Max. 8. 1 3. 6. Aufiistlus, Aufiistla, notnina : C. I. L. i. 571 (94 b.c), al. inscr. Augeo, auxi, auctum, augere, perf. subj. 2nd pers. pi. auxiits Liv. 29. 27. 3 : third conjugation forms, augeam fut. ind. Itala Gen. 17. 6 (Ronsch I. V. p. 290); auges, fut. ind. 2nd person sing., Iren. i. pr. 3; pres. inf. augere, Commodian. Apol. 607. I. Neuter; to grow, increase : OaXoOA^. i. 20 eodenl con- venae complures ex agro accessitavere, eo res eorum auxit ; Sail. H. I. 48. 6 ignoscendo populi Romani magnitudinem auxisse', Plin. 36. 122 balinea ad infinitum auxere numerem. II. Transitive; 1. To increase, give increase to, give strength to. In numerous applications; of increasing number or size, or greatness, of cir- cumstances (as prosperity, adversity, and the like), of conditions (as libertatem, luxuriant, licentiam), of feelings (as dolor, ira, etc.). Very common in all Latin : Plaut. Most. 19 L augelis ruri numerum; Amph. 307 R; Pers. 375 R auxi Atticam, civitaiem civi femina ; ib. 484 iam liberta audus es {? you have one more freedwoman than before?); Ter. Ad. 145 aug. iracundiam eius; Eun. 436 suspicionem ; Hec. 334 morbus qui audus sit; Pacuv. 90 omnia animat format alit auget creat; C. Gracchus (Meyer xxxiv. 10) augere vedigalia ; Lucr. 5. 322 quodcunque alias ex se res auget alitque; Cic. Fam. 6. 17. 2 augere coniundionem; Att. 13. 35. i, al. augere urbem; N. D. 3. 50 augendai virtutis causa; Catull. 64. 323 decus eximium magnis virtutibus augens; Sail. C. 6. 3 res. civibus moribus agris auda; Cic. Rab. Post. 38 rem; Fat. i linguam Latinam (to enrich) ; and so Lucr., Nep., Caes., and all Latin ; Verg. A. 5. 565 progenies audura Italos; Liv. 33. 7. 6 auda pugna (intensified). 2. Augere animum, to heighten one's spirit or courage : Cic. Att. 10. 14. 2 ; D. Brutus ap. Cic. Fam. 11. 53. I. 3. Augere opinionem, famam, to give strength to an opinion or rumour : Caes. G. 5. 57 opinionem ; Tac. H. 3. 54. augendae famae, and so elsewhere in Tac. 4. Of the voice, to raise or strengthen : Suet. Claud. 33 <^if industria vocem augen- iibus. 5. In Grammar. (a) Of the degrees of comparison : Varro L. L. 8. 52 augendi {genus) ut ab 'albo' 'albius' (the compara- tive termination). (b) Of lengthening a word : Tac. H. 5. 2 Jdaeos audo in barbarum cognomento ludaeos vocitari. 6. In Rhetoric, to make much of a thing, exaggerate, as opp. to minuere : Corn. Her. 2. 40, al. ; Cic. Inv. i. 92. 94 ; De Orat^ i. 94 mirabilius 37^ AugSo. et magnificentius augere . . . atque ornare quae velit, and so often elsewhere; Verr. 4. 124 omnia nimis augere atque ornare; Cic. often has augere crimen; Caes. C. 3. io fama auxerat proelium; Liv. 34. 5. 6 augendae rei magnis verbis; 35. 7. 6 nequaquam tantum belli fuit quantum auxerat fama ; so often Quint, and Tac. 7. Of style and expression, to heighten : Quint, often ; e. g. 8. 3. 21 augenda oratio (opp. to summittendd) ; 9. 2. 26 augendis adfectibus; 9. 4. 23 auger i debent sententiae et insurgere ; Fronto ad M. Ant. De Eloq. p. 146 Naber (Chrysippui) . . . auget in quan- tum potest. 8. To heap or pile up, with ace. of thing and abl. of instr. (e.g. augere terram pomis). (a) Plaut. Merc. 676 R ali- quid cede, Qui vicini hanc nostram augeam aram (Apollinis), some- thing to put on the altar; Lucr. 5. 141 7 cubilia . . . herbis et frondihus aucta ; 4. 62 saepe videmus Illorum spoliis vepres volitantibus auctas ; Verg. A. 7. iii Cereale solum pomis agrestibus augent. (b) Met., Cic. Agr. 2. 59 auget, addit, accumulat ; Verr. 3. 138 tamen auget atque oner at te bonis condicionibus. 9. With accus. of the mass piled up ; Cic. In Clodium et Curionem 2. 3. p. 332 Orelli auget magnum quendam cumulum aeris alieni. 10. Of water, to swell : Sail. H. 3. 31 auctomari; Ov. M. 9. 105 (amnis) nimbis hiemalibus auctus. 11. To add, give something additional ( ? ) ; Plaut. Cist. I. 3. 52 augete auxilia vostris iustis legibus (give fresh aid to?). 12. To favour, bless, honour: Plaut. Epid. 191 R; Men. 35 1 R di omnes me adiuvant, augent, amant; Cic. N. D. 3. 87 audi honoribus aut re familiari; Catull. 64. 25 taedis felici- bus aucte; 66. 11 novo auctus hymenaeo ; Cic. Phil. 14. 16 m£ . . . celeberrima P. R. gratulatione auxerit. 13. To endow, furnish a person with a thing, or feeling, or condition, good or bad ; in the case of evil, to afflict ; in the opposite case, to make happy : Plaut. Stich. 55 R scio atque in cogitando maerore augeor ; ib. 304 atque ilium augeam insperato oppo'rtuno bono ; Ter. Heaut. 628 erus damno auctus est; Com. Pall. Inc. 27 tanta laetitia auctui sum ; Script. Bell. Afr. 34 laetitia et voluptate auctus ; Cic. Verr. i . 56 urbem . . . omnibus rebus auctam et ornatam; Har. Resp. 57 hoc caelesti spiritu augemur ; N. D. 2. 100 aer . . . terram auget imbribus ; Phil. 11. 37 augere aliquem commodis ; Off. \. \ te scientia augere; Lucr. 3. 626, 630 sensibus auctam, auctas; Catull. 64. 165 (aurae) nullis sensibus auctae; Lucr. 5. 723 eam partem quaecunque est ignibus aucta; I. 631 partibus aucta; 5. 11 77 tantis viribus auctos. Of things : Tac. H. 3. 47 summa navium tabulis augent ; A. i^. g naves turribus auctas. 14. To favour, Augmentarius — ATigmentuui. 377 assist, help on ; to further a person's interests ; to show him honour; abs. and with abl. of instrument: Cic. Fam. 7. 17. 2 te attgendum atque ornandum putavi; Part. 22 augendi alierius out minuendi sui causa ; Tac. A. 6. 34 auctus auxilio Pharasmanis ; H. 4. 66 societate Agrippinensium auctus; A. i. 3 privignos im- peratoriis nominibus auxit (gave them fresh dignity); i. 42 (}egio) tot . . . praemiis aucta; 6. 8 propinqui et adfines honoribus auge- bantur ; and elsewhere Tac. has aliquam pecunia, opibus augere, and the like; A. 2. 14 auctus amine . . . vocat contionem; Suet. Claud. 12 in semet augendo (doing honour to himself). 15. In the special phrase augeri liberis, to have children born to one : Plaut. True. 384, 516 R; Cic. Att. i. 2. i me filiolo auctum esse; Tac. Agr. 6 filia; A. 2. 84 auctus liberis. 16. Past part. pass. auctus as adj., with comp. and sup. auctior, auctissimus : Plaut. Capt. 782 R auctior; Lucr. 3. 450 auctior est animi vis; Liv. 3. 68. 4 auctior; 4. 2. 4 auctiorem amplioremque se esse; 25, 16. 11 res Romana . . . auctior atque melior; Hor. 2. S. 6. 3 auctius atque Di melitts fecere; Trebell, Gall, 18. 4 in auctissima base. (Connected with Sanskr. u^- in ug-rd-s, strong, o^-as, strength.) Augmentarius, -a, -uca. {augmentum), giving increase : Gloss. CyriD. mi^Tums, augmentarius. Augmeutatio, -onis, subst. f. from augmentare, augmentation : Cassiod. in Ps. 87. \\ pro muneris augmentatione. Augmentativus, adj. {augmentatus), likely to further or in- crease : Vet. Transl. Arist. Rhet. i. 9 (as = Greek ai^tKos) (Paucker). Augmentatdr, -oris {augmento), one who increases : Gaudent. Serm. 17 successores et augmentatores. Augmentum, -i {auged). 1. An increase : Gloss. Philox. augmentum Trpoa-driKri, iiriBeitaTia-fuis, npotroSos ; Sen. Suas. I. 4. p. 3 Bursian {Oceanus) ignem post se cuius augmentum ipse sit habeat, an spirt turn; Vulg. Eph. 4. 16 augmentum corporis, al. Vulg. ; Sedul. Ep. ad Macedon. p. 173 (Hiimer), laudis augmenta; Pasch. Op. 2. p^ 222 H sanctificationis ; Claud. Mamert. Stat. An. p. 28 Engelb. ; Dig. 2. 13. 8 neque augmentum neque deminutionem ; and often in legal Latin. 2. In sacrifices, a piece of flesh cut oflf and placed on the liver: Varro L. L. 5. 112 augmentum qtiod ex immolata hostia desecium in iecore imponitur in porriciendo augendi causa (so Spengel) ; Arnob. 7. 25. 3. So generally in cookery: Apic. 7. 264 bacas lauri duas involves in augmento. 378 Augur — Augxirator . Augiir, --iiris, subst. m., old form auger according to Prise, i. p. 27 K; gen. pi. augurum. Abbreviated A or 5? on coins: C. I. L. I. 479 (about 54 B.C.). 1. One who foretells or prophesies ; in its oldest use probably of the official prophets of the Roman people : see Cic. Rep. 2. 16; Div. 2. 70 ius augurum; N. D. 2. 9 augurii disciplina, Veritas auspiciorum. The augures formed a collegium, whose number was always, according to Marquardt, a multiple of three (R. A. 3. p. 232 foil.). In this meaning, of the public soothsayers of the populus Romanus, augur is common in all Latin : Cato Orat. 7. 2 si volo augurium optime tenere, ecquis me ob cam rem augur em capiat} 2. Of sooth- sayers or prophets in general : Cato R. R. 5. 4 aruspicem, augurem, ariolum; Ace. 169 nil credo auguribus :, Afran. 7; Verg. A. 9. 327; 12. 258; Hor. I. C. 2. 32. 3. Met., a prophet, i.e. one who can warn or direct : Hor. i. Epist. 20. 9 quod si non odio peccantis desipit augur; Prop. 2. 21. 3 sed tibi iam videor Dodona verior augur ; and elsewhere in Latin. With gen. of thing pro- phesied: Hor. 3. C. 17. 8 aquae . . . augur, annosa comix; Stat. Theb. 9. 629 augur cassafuturi. 4. An interpreter, with gen. of thing interpreted: Ov. Am. 3. 5- 31 nocturnae imaginis augur. 5. Neut., an augury : Ace. 624 R sortes oracla augur a. (The derivation is uncertain. The last part of the word has been connected with Skt. gir-, to praise, and gar-, to say or declare ; so Max Mtiller ; the first part being derived from avis, so that the word would mean otie ivho declares by means of birds. Nissen, Aufrecht and Kirchoif, and Ebel however connect augur with the Greek ahx-, dx; to speak ; and thus with auctor and Umbr. uhtur, and Latin au-tumo. Against the derivation from avis may be set the fact that augur has a more general meaning than auspex, though auspicium came in the time of Cicero to be synonymous with augurium. The augures are a body whose business it is to be masters of the whole science of soothsaying, including the omens taken from birds as well as others. The termination -ur from -er may be compared with that oi fulgur, iecur, ebur, robur, cicur, femur, Anxur, Ligur, Mercur- in Mer- cur-ius; and augur would thus stand to augustus as robur to robustus^ Augiirale as subst. used to be taken in Sen. Tranq. 11. 79 as = the staff of the augur ; but Madvig has exploded this, and would xezA praetextam augur alem; Gertz conj. et galerum. Augiiratdr, -oris, subst. m., ag. from augurare, one who takes Augurattis — Auguriu^. 379 auguries; Itala Deut. i8. ii (Ronsch I. V. p. 55); Ambros. Epist. 50. 4. Augtixatiis, -us, in old Lat. auger atus: Prise, i. p. 27 K antiqui ' auger ' et ' augeratus ' pro ' augur ' et ' augur atus ' dicebant. 1. The office of augur : Cic. Att. 2. 5. 2 ; Div. i. 30; Tac. A. i. 62; H. I. 77; Plin. Ep. 4. 8. I. 2. Prediction, presage: Tert. An. 26. Augurina: the name of a town in Baetica: Plin. 3. 10 Segeda, quae Augurina nominantur. Augurinus, cogn. m., on coins 1 14-104 B.C. : C. I. L. r. 358 ; C; I. L. 2. 3800 (Liria in Tarraconensis) ; 6. 222 (Rome, 156 A.D.) ; 1979 (Rome, 178 a.d.), and in literature. Aug^ium, -i, subst. n. from augur, gen. pi. augurium Pacuv. 81. 1. The act of taking auguries (in the technical sense): Enn. A. 81 auspicio augurioque; 494 augusto augurio postquam incluta condita Roma est; Varro L. L. 6. 42 augures augurium agere dicuntur ; Cic. Div. i. 35 augurio acta; i. 105; Oif. 3. 66 augurium acturi. Augurium Salutis, an augurium to enquire whether the gods allowed prayers for the salus populi Rotnani to be offered up: Cic. Div. i. 105 adduhitato salutis augurio; Taci A. 12. 23; Suet. Aug. 31. 2. A consecration: Tac. G. 39 silvam auguriis patrum sacram. 3. The art of augury : Cato Orig. 7. 2 augurium optime tenere; Cic. Har. Resp. 18; Verg. A. 9. 328 ; 12. 394; Ov. M. i. 395 coniugis augurio; Flor. I. I. g. 2 vir summus augurio. 4. A sign, omen : Pacuv. 8r augurium atque extum inter pretes ; Verg. A, 3. 89 da, pater, augurium; Ov. Tr. 3. i. 26; Liv. i. 7. i augurium, sex volucres; I. 34. 9 accepisse id augurium; Val. Fl. i. 161 accipit augurium ; Plin. 21. 56 augurium mellis est; 28; 68 valetudinis; Quint. 3. 7. II ; i2j 2. 21 responsis vel auguriis; Tac. H. I. 62; A. 2. 17 pulcherrimum augurium, octo aquilae peter e silvas et intrare visi; Suet. Aug. 95 augurium capienti; Vit. 18. 5. In general, an augury, prophecy : Cic. Phil. 2. 89 mea . . . auguria . . . rerum futurarum ; Vulg. Ecclesiasticus 34. 5. 6. A foreboding, pre- sentiment : Cic. Tusc. i. 33 quasi saeculorum quoddam augurium futurorum ; Fam. 6. 6. 7 ; Verg. A. 5. 7 triste per augurium ; Ov. H. 16. 234; Plin. Ep. 7. 33. I nee me fallit augurium ; Tac. Agr. 44 quod augurio votisque apud nostras aures ominabatur. Augurlus, adj. from augur, of augury: Cic. Fam. 3, 9. 3 380 Augttro — Augustanus. iuris augurii; so De Sen. 12 ; Gell. Praef. 13. 7 (6). 6. 12 ture au- gurio. Cogn. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1057. i. 99 (Rome, 210 a. d.). Augiiro, -as (augur). 1. To consecrate : Cic. Vatin. 24 in illo augur ato templo ; Liv. 8. 5. 8 in tuo, luppiter, augur ato templo. 2. To take an augury, look for an omen : Plaut. Cist. 4. 2. 26 astute augura; Liv. i. 18. 6 augur ato urbe condenda ( = after taking auguries). With ace. of the thing about which the augury is taken : Cic. Legg. 2. 21 vineta virgultaque et salutem populi auguranto; Lucius Caesar ap. Prise, i. p. 380 K certaeque res augurantur, oltovocrKoiTovvTai. 3. In general, to prophesy, foretell; sometimes with verbal clause: Enn. Trag. 327 coniedura auguro; so exactly Pacuv. 78; Ace. 497; ib. Brut. 39 pulcher- rume auguratumst rem Romanam. publicam summam fore ; Cic. Rep. 4. ap. Non. p. 469 cui quidem utinam fideliter abunde ante auguraverim ; ad Calvum ap. Non. 1. c. animus . . . augurat quodam mode quae futura sit suavitas; Verg. A. 7. 273 si quid veri mens augurat; Val. Fl. 3. 356 longosque sibi non augurat annos. The uses of the deponent form auguror are sufficiently illustrated in the lexx. Augustallcus mensis, the month of August: Grom. Lat. i. p. 332 Lachm. Augustalis, -e, adj. from Augustus, of or belonging to the worship of Augustus ; specially of priests or members of sodalicia: C. L L. 2. 4223, 4226 (Tarraco), 6. 887, 913 (Rome) flamen Augustalis; ib. 1061 (Rome) and often, sevir Augustalis; 4508 sodalis Augustalis; Tac. A. i. 15, 54; Suet. Claud. 6 ; Petron. 30. 2, and often elsewhere. Augustaks alone, priests of the worship of Augustus: C. I. L. 6. 11 73 (Rome, 193 A. D.); Tac. A. 3. 64; H. 2. 95; Augustale corpus, of the same : C. L L. 6. 3785 (Rome) ; Ludi Augustaks : Tac. A. i. 54. N. pi. Augustalia, a festival kept on the birthday of the emperor : C. I. L. 6. 2297 (Rome, 3 a.d.); 2044 e. 33 (Rome, 66 a.d.). Terminus Augustalis, a boundary stone set up between the Lanci- enses and Igaeditani ; C. I. L. 2. 460 (5 a.d.); Grom. Lat. i. p. 397 Lachm. sifuerit terminus crassus Augustalis. Vir Augustalis, a man appointed by the emperor: Cod. lust. 10. 31. 57, 59 viri spectabilis Augustalis iudicio. Milites Augustaks, soldiers added by Augustus ; Veget. Mil. 2. 7. Augustautis, adj. from Augustus, of Augustus : C. L L. 6. 2271 (Rome, 200 A. d.), Augustana domus, the imperial family. Aug. Augustensis — Augustus. 38 1 colonia, a colony founded by Augustus: Ulp. Dig. 50. 15. i. i ; Augustani, the inhabitants of cities named Augusta : C. I. L. 2. 3625 municipium Augusianorum (Saetabis, Tarraconensis) : Plin. 3- 23. al. Augustensis civitas, name of a city in Mauretania: Cod. Theod. 10. 2. I. Augusteus, adj. from Augustus, Augustan : Plin. 36. 55 Aug. marmor (whence Isid. Or. 16. 5. 4) ; carta Augustea or regia, royal or fine papyras: Isid. Or. 6. 10. 2; Augustei limites or termini, imperial boundary marks: Grom. Lat. i. p. 225 Lachm., al. saep. Grom. AugustXaniis, adj., imperial: Grom. Lat. i. p. 237 Lachm. An- gus tianis limitihus ; pi. Augusiiani, title of Roman equites appointed by Nero : Tac. A. 14. 15 (where see Nipperdey); Suet. Nero 25. Cogn. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2603, 2799. 35 (Rome) ; 2. 509, al. inscr. Augustinus, 1. adj., of Augustus: Suet. Claud. 11. 2. 2. Augustinus, Augustttia, cognomina : C. I. L. 6. 453 ; 1058. 59 (Rome); 2. 2425 (Bracara Augusta), and elsewhere in Spain, as well as in literature. AugustiTis, AugTistia, nomina: C. I. L. 6. 1058. vi. 75 (Rome, 210 A.D.); ib. 2668 (Rome). Augustodunenses, the inhabitants of Augustodunum : Ven. Fort. Carm. 5. 6 praef. Augustodunum (written Augustidunum Ven. Fort. 8. 3. 160), name of a town in France, near Autun : Mela 3. 20; Tac. A. 3. 43. 45; Amm. 15. 11. 11 (where Augustudunum) ; Ven. Fort. I.e. Augusttis, -a, -um, comp. and superl. -tor, -issimus. 1. Consecrated, holy: Paul. p. i. M ' augustus locus' sanctus, ab avium gestu, id est quia ab avibus significahts est sic dictus, sive ab avium gustatu, quia aves pastae id ratum fecerunt ; Ov. Fast, i . 609 sancta vacant augusta patres: augusta vocantur Templa sacerdotum rite dicata manu ; Ov. and Paul, are evidently following the same authority, which is probably Varro. Comp. Serv. on Aen. 7. 156 ' attgusta,' augurio consecraia; Gloss. Philox. augus- tus Upos. The usage of the word agrees with this definition, (a) Of places and things : Trag. Inc. 217 Ribbeck Liber, qui augusta hate loca Cithaeronis colis; Cia Verr. 5. 186 augustis- simo et religiosissimo in templo; Dom, 137 in hco augusto con- secratam aram (comp. Vat. 24 in illo augurato templo ac loco); Verg. A. 7. 170 augustum tectum; 7. 153 augusta ad vioenia; 38a Augustus. Liv. I. 29. 5 templa augusta, and so elsewhere in Liv. 5. 41. 2 quae augustissima vestis est tensas ducentibus triumphanti- busve, ea vesiiti ; Plin. Pan. 60 augustissimum consulum tribunal; 92 augustior currus. (b) In other applications, sacred, holy; of conduct, reverent, religious : Enn. A. 494 augusto augurio ; Ace. ^10 ut omnes ominibus faustis augustam faventiam adhibeant; Cic. Har. Resp. 12 quod tres pontifices statuissent, id semper populo Romano, semper senatui, semper ipsis dis immortalibus satis sanctum, satus augustum, satis religiosum esse visum est (the three words are nearly synonymous) ; Mil. 43 ad ilia augusta centuriarum auspicia ; N. D. 2. 62 auguste sancteque consecrare ; 3. 53 auguste sancteque venerari; Brut. 83 non quo de religione did possit augustius; Ov. M. 6. 73 (di) augusta gravitate sedent ; so 9. 270; ig. 144 ipsum-. que recludam Aether a, et augustae reserabo oracula mentis. 2. Of appearance, form, bearing; godlike, divine, majestic : Liv. i. 7. 9 {of ^eTcu\es)/brmamque viri aliquantum ampliorem augusfioremque humana intuens ; 5. 42. 8 ornatum hahitumque humano augustiorem ; 8. 6. 9 species viri maioris quam pro humano kabitu augustioris- que. Met., Tac. D. 12 nee ullis aut gloria maior aut augustior honor. Met., of style : Tac. D. 4. 1 2 sanctiorem illam et augustiorem eloquentiam colam. 3. As a title of gods, very common in inscriptions of the first cent. a. d. and onwards : e. g. C. I. L. 6. 33 (Rome, 2 B.C.) Apollo Augustus; so ib. 35 (45 a. d.); 301 Hercules (Rome, 75 a. d.), al. saep. So very often in the Spanish inscriptions (C. I. L. 2), where it is applied to Aesculapius, Apollo, Bonus eventus, Hercules, Liber, Mars, Mercurius, Neptunus, Pollux, Silvanus, Sol invictus {Mithras^, Vesta, Victoria, Virtus, etc. 4. As a title of the princeps, first given to Caesar Octavianus in b. c. 27, = consecrated : from this time onwards it became a standing title to all Roman emperors : see literature and inscr. passim. As subst., Augustus = the Emperor, C. I. L. 2. 2342 Augustorum pontifex ; so ib. often, Augustorum flamen, legatus ; so 6. 1944 Angus ti apparitor; i6?i^ flamen perpetuus ; 1417 orator; 2683 speculator; 2249 stator. 5. Thence it often means belonging to the emperor, imperial : e. g. Prop. 4. 6. 23 Augusta ratis; Ov. M. 15. 869 augustum caput; Pont. i. 2. 117 augustae aures; and so in later literature: e.g. Plin. 15. 129 laurus Augusta = regia. Mensis Augustus, the month of August, a name given in honour of Augustus to the month pre- viously called Sextilis: C. I. L. i. 751, 762 (5 a. d.) K. Aug., Id. Aug. ( = Kalendas, Idus Augustas), and in literature. So Avidus — Aula. 383 often in inscr. : e. g. C. I. L. 6. 1936 (Rome) Augusta domus, the imperial family; comp. C. I. L. 2. 1663, 1678, al. ; C. I. L. 6. 1607 Augusta Moneta, the imperial mint ; ib. 448 Augusti Lares (2 B.C.). Inscriptions frequently give such phrases as Pietas, Providentia, Spes, Victoria Augusta. Common also as a title of legions : C. I. L. 6. 1406 (Rome, 200 a. d.) Leg. viii Augusta pia fidelis; comp. ib. 3354; ib. 3508 Augusta cohors in; C. I. L. 2. 3272 (circ. 50 A. D.); 4509 (107 a. d.); 484, 41 14 (circ. 200 a. d.). e. As a name of places, roads, bridges, aqueducts, etc. : C. I. L. 2. 4701 (2 B. c.) Augustus lanus, an arch over the Baetis, where the via Augusta to Gades begins, near Ossigi on the confines of Baetica ; C. I. L. 2. 2194 (Corduba) Augustus pagus; 2. 2208 (Corduba, 2nd cent. a. d.) Augustus vicus ; 2. 1614, 2343 Augusta aqua, an aqueduct at Igabrum in Baetica; 2. 2886 Augusta via, ib. 4697(79 a.d.). A great number of towns had this title: e.g. Bracara Augusta in Spain: C. I. L. 2. 4749 (32 a. D.); Emerita (ib. 492, al.). Sometimes as subst. with gen. of the tribe or people in whose territory the town is situate : e. g. Augusta Bagiennorum C. I. L. 6. 2757, 3896 ; Taurinorum ib. 1635, al.; Vindelicum''Co. j,'^f,'>,; VircimanduorumS}o.2%2X. Historia Augusta, imperial history, the title of a work by various authors containing the history of the later emperors. (Properly = de- clared, proclaimed as consecrated. The word stands to augur as confoedustus, onustus, venustus, robustus to foedus, onus, Venus, robur. Comp. also arbus-tus from arbor. See s. v. AugTir.) Avidus. Avidus futuri in Hor. A. P. 172 (of an old man) seems to mean anxious about the morrow; Sen. Ep. 32. 4 quando illud videbis tempus quo scies tempus ad te non pertinere 1 quo tran^ quillus placidusque eris et crastini neglegens et in summa tui satietate ! Vis scire quid sit qtMd/aciat homines avidos futuri} Nemo sibicontigit. Aula, -ae (aiX^), subst. f., gen. auldi Verg. A. 3. 354. 1. A court or yard in front of a house ; a Latinized Greek word = the Latin cohors or cors: Hor. i.Epist. 2. 66 (catulus) cervinam pellem latravit in aula; Grat. Cyn. 167 ipsa venabitur aula Ilia tibi. 2. = atrium : Vitruv. 5. 7. 10 ; 6 (7). 10. 5; Verg. A. 3. 354 aulai in medio, where Serv. says ' aula ' proprie dicitur quae concluditur porticibus quattuor; Hor. i. Epist. i. 87 lecius genialis in aula est. 3. A palace, court ; in Augustan Latin always of a foreign or non-Roman court, or with this metaphorical implica- tion: Verg. G. 2. ^oi^ penetrant aulas et limina regum; A. 1. 140 ilia 384 Aula — Aulicoctus. se iactet in aula Aeolus; Hor. i. C. 29. 7 ; 4. C. 6. 16 Priami aulam ; ib. 14. 36 Akxandrea supplex . . . vacuam patefecit aulatn ; 2. 10. 8 caret invidenda Sobrius aula; Val. Max. 7. i. 2 ; Sen. Ir. 2. 33. 2; Mart, often; C. I. L. 6. 1783 aulae Divi Theodosii quaestor (Rome, 431 a. d.). Poet., Verg. G. 4. 202 (of bees) aulas et cerea regna refingunt; 4. 90 vacua sttte regnet in aula; Hor. 3. C. II. 16 immanis Janitor aulae Cerberus; Prop. 4. 11. 5 /« /?«/ orantetn fuscae deus audiat aulae; Ov. M. 11. 586 aula Somni ; Patron. 119. 17 tigris et aurata gradiens vectatur in aula ; Sil. 6. 216 of a snake's den. 4. The court, i. e. the monareh, courtiers, and other surroundings of royalty: Cic. Fam. 15. 4. 6 omni auctoritate aulae communita ; Tac. H. i . 13 prona in eum aula Neronis ; A. 6. 43 aula et novo rege potiebatur; and often so in Tac ; Suet. Nero 6 Claudius inter ludibria aulae erat. 5. Court, i.e. court life: Curt. 8. 8 (29). 21 haudquaquam aulae accommodatus. 6. Court service: Amm. 15. i. 2 hi qui summam aulam tenebant; 26. 7. 6 ad aulae varios actus^admissi. Aula, -ae, subst. f. (fem. from ai\os), a flute : Quint. 7. 9. 4 (punning on miKrjTpis). Aulacia, n. p. f. : Enn. Euhem. fr. 2. Aulaeum, -i, subst. n. {aiXalov). 1. A curtain : Serv. G. 3. 25 ' aulaea,' i.e. velamina; Gloss. Bodl. ^ aulaea' curtina; Lucil. 29. 93 aulaea obducite ; Sail. H. 2. 23. 2; Hor. 2. S. 8. 54 suspensa aulaea. Esp. of a theatre : Cic. Cael. 65 aulaeum tollitur; Verg. G. 3. 25 ; Hor. 2. Epist. i. 189 ; Phaedr. g. 7. 23 ; Ov. M. 3. iii; Apul. M. I. 8; 10. 29; Amm. 16. 6. 3, al. Met., luv. 10. 39 pictae Serrana ferentem Ex umeris aulaea togae. 2. A coverlet, covering for couches: Verg. A. i. 697 aulaeis iam se regina superbis Aurea composuit sponda; Hor. 3. C. 29. 15; Curt. 8. 5. 21, al. Lat. 3. A kind of foreign dress : Non. p. 537 M ' aulaea ' genus vestis peregrinum ; Varro de Vita P. H. 2 q^od ex hereditate Attalica aulaea, chlamydes, pallae aureae . . . Et est tanquam paludamentum barbarici habitus militaris; Gloss. Bodl. 'aulaeis,^ vestibus regiis; Gloss. Sangall. p. 145 Warren, ' auleum' et ' aulea,' stragulum : genus cortinae (i. e. curtinae) regalis. Aularlus, adj., from aula, belonging to a court : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' aularius' aulicus. Aulicoctus, adj., boiled in a pot: Paul. p. 23 M ' aulicocta' exta quae in aulis coquebantur, i. e. elixa ; Acta fratr. Arv. C. I. L. 6. 2065. i. 21 (Rome, 87 a. d.). Aullo — Aura. 3 85 Anlio {aula, a flute), a flute-player :, Gloss. Philox. dub'ones, ■avXrjTal, ATiliscus, -i (avXia-Kos), subst. m., the little pipe at the end of a clyster : Gael. Aur. Acut. 3. 4. 29 auliscum, quem nos Hbiam dicer e poterimus. Aulius, Aulia, nomina : C. I. L. i. 1154 (Cora) ; 6. 1056. iv. 34 (Rome, 205 A. D.) ; 6. 2345 (Rome) ; 9. 45, 46. 82 (Brundi- sium). Aulonius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1058. iv. 70 (Rome, 210 a. d.). Auliila, -ae, subst. f., dim. from aula, a pot : Apul. M. 5. 20 ; but the following article shows that it must be much older.. Auliilaria (sc. fabuld), title of a play of Plautus, in which a pot full of gold plays a part. Aulupor ( = Auli puer), cogn. m. : C, I.. L. 6. 2386 a, ii. (Rome, 200 A. D.). Aulus, Aula, praenomina: C. I. L. r. 625, 1491, 1281 (where it is spelt Olus) ; common in Latin. Aiilusanus, cogn. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2601 (Rome); spelt Aulu- zanus, C. I. L. 6. 2991, 3397 (Rome). Auuia, cogn. f. : C. I. L. 2. 146 (Villavigosa in Lusitania) ; ib. 833 (Capera, Lusitania). Auuus, n. p. m. : Verg. A. 11. 700. I. Aiira, -ae, ancient gen. s. aural Verg. A. 6. 747 ; subst. f. 1. Breath, air, vapour, wind, breeze ; very common in Latin ; often in pi. (a) Enn. A. 21 per ieneras caliginis auras; Pacuv. 363 terra exalat auram; Lucil. 30. 73 simul ac paulo venentius aura Inflarit fluctus ; Lucr. i. 853 ignis an umor an aura ; 4. 1180 aura una modo (a single breath) ; Catull. 64. 90 aura . . , distinctos educit verna color es, ; ib. 282 aura . . . tepidi fecunda Favoni . . .paritflores ; Lucr. I. 801, 805 aurae aeris ; i. 771 auras aerias ; so often Verg. and other poets have aurae aeriae (e. g. Verg. A. 5. 520 ; Ps. Tib. 4. I. 127). (b) Of the breath of life, aurae vitales: Lucr. 3. 405; Verg. A. I. 387, 3. 339. (c) Ad auras, in auras, to, into the air or sky: Verg. G. 2. 363, and often elsewhere; A, 2. 158, 2. 259; 4- 3^^ ^^^ auras; Hor. i. C. 28. 8 Tithonusque' remotus in auras; Ov. M. 5. 641, 10. 11, 9. 704, al. poet. (d) Exhalation: Lucr. 6. 221 sulpuris auras. (e) Odour: Lucr.. 2. 851 elivi Naturam, nullam mittit quae naribus auram; Verg. G. 4. 417 dulcis compositis spiravit naribus aura, 3. 251 ; Mart. 3. 65. 2 c c 386 Aura— Aurelius. Corycio quae venit aura croco ; Val. FI. 5. 589 multa spiral coma flexilis aura; Stat. Theb. 10. 46 pingues ab ovilibus aurae. (f) Of heat: Ace. ap. Non. p. 227 M aura Volcani vorax ; Varro Eum. 5 simul ac . . . solis calidior visa est aura. 2. Met., a breath, breeze: Cic. Mur. 35 aura rumoris ; Sest. loi ; Verr. 1. 35 auram aliquam adflari voluntatis eorum qui, etc. ; Har. Resp. 43 Sulpicium . . . longius popularis aura provexit; Verg. A. 6. 816 popular ibus auris ; >]. 646 ad nos vix tenuis famae perlabitur aura; Ov. Am. 2. 9. 33 incerta Cupidinis aura ; Liv. 3. -33. 7 aurae popularis captator ; 6. 11. 7 iam aura, non consilio ferri ; 22. 26. 4 auram favoris popularis ; 30. 45. 6 Africani cognomen militaris prius favor an popularis aura celebraverit ; 42. 39. i levi aura spei ohiecta. (If not the Greek wipa Latinized, from the base au-, to blow.) II. Aura, -ae, subst. f., splendour, brightness ; originally, the fern, of the adj. of which aurum is the neuter : Nonius p. 245 ' aura ' splendor ; so Serv. on A. 6. 204 quoted by Non., discolor unde auri per ramos aura refulsit. So perhaps Cic. Sest. loi quern neque periculi tempestas neque honoris aura potuit umquam de suo cursu . . . demovere; Hor. i. C. 5. 11 nescius aurae Fallacis; 2. C. 8. 24 tua ne retardet Aura maritos ; Prop. 2. 27. ig si modo clamantis revocaverit aura puellae. Atirarla, in the sense of a tax on trade : Cod. Theod. 12. 6. 29 ut ex corpore negotiatorum ad suscipiendam tuendamque aurariae nostrae rationem apponeretur idoneus. Auratilis, -e, adj. from aurare, gold-coloured: Solin. 15. 28 (his authority, Plin. 37. 119, has aureus^. Auratdr, -oris, subst. m. {aurare), a gilder ; Gloss. Philox. aurator xp^o-'^^'^s, auratores xp^ci^'Tai. Aiirea, -ae (or auria), subst. f., a bridle fastened round the ears of a horse: Paul. p. 8 M ' aureas' dicelant frenum quod ad aures equorum religabatur ; so Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 47. (From auris; not to be confused with orea from oj.) Aureax, -acis, subst. m., (? aurea ?). 1. A charioteer ; Paul, p. 8 M ' aureax ' auriga ; Gloss. Philox. aureax iTrnatrTris. 2. A single horse driven in harness : Gloss. Philox. ' aureax ' solitarius ; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' aureax ' equus solitarius. So Gloss. Sangall. p. 144 Warren 'aureax' neque (for equus) solitarius. Aurelius, sometimes spelt Aurellius, as C. I. L. 2. 2661 (216 Aureus — Aurictilaris. 387 A. D.) 6. 570, 1062, 1245 (Rome, beginning of 3rd century a. d.); nomen m., often in inscr. and lit. Of things made by an Aurelius ; Aurelia via C. I. L. 2. 1371, 6. 1462; lex Cic. Phil. i. 20, al. Lat. Aurelium forum, niisnt of a town in Etruria: Cic. Cat. i. 24. Aurelium tribunal and Aurelii gradus : Cic. Sest. 34 ; ad Quirit. 13 ; Cluent. 93 ; Flacc. 66. Paul. p. 23 M says that the old form of the word was Auselius, and that the family was Sabine, ex Sole orta. This is generally supposed to point to a connexion between Aurelius and ush- (ur-o, Aur-ord), to burn or shine. Aureus as subst., = a gold piece of money, from the time of Caesar to that of Nero = 8.185 grains, or rather more than a guinea, and varying in value after Nero's time: Liv. 38. 11. 8, 44. 26. 4; Curt. 9. I. 6; Petron. 13; luv. 7. 122; C. I. L. 6. 2998 (Rome, 229 A. n.) aurios (sic); al. saep. Aurgitanum mumcipium (Aurgi in Baetica): C. I. L. 2. 1685 (c. too A. D.). Aiirlchaleuin, -i. 1. Name of a superior kind of copper, in colour and appearance resembling gold : Paul. p. 9 M aurichal- cum vel orichalcum quidam putant compositum ex aere et auro, sive quod colorem habeat aureum. Orichalcum sane dicitur quod in montuosis locis invenitur. Charis. pp. 38, 328, however, mentions aurichalcum and orichalcum as different metals. Plin. 34. 2, 4 (of a superior kind of copper) : 37.126; Suet. Vit. 5 pro auro et argento stannum et aurichalcum supposuit; Ulp. Dig. 30 fr. 4 si quis putet auri appellatione electrum vel aurichalcum contineri; Vulg. Eccle- siasticus 47. 20 collegisti quasi aurichalcum aurum; Apoc. i. 15, 2. 1% pedes eius similes aurichalco. 2. A fabulous metal surpass- ing gold in value : Plaut. Cure. 202 R auro contra cedo modestum amatorem . . . Cedo mihi contra aurichalco, quoi ego sano serviam; Ps. 688 R aurichalco contra non carum fait Meum mendacium ; Mil. 657 Rib. aurichalco contra. (It is doubtful whether orichalcum and aurichalcum are really the same words : if they are, 6peixd>^Kos must have been first mispronounced aurich-, and then misunder- stood in popular Latin, which represented it as more precious than gold.) ATiritehaleus, adj., oi aurichalcus or brass: Ven. Fort. Vit. Rad. 26 lamminam aurichalcam ; Marc. Dig. 18. i. 45 si vas auri- chalcum pro auro vendidisset ignarus ; Gloss. Philox. aurochalca (sic) Kpaiiarivd. Aurieularis, adj. from auricula, belonging to the ears : Cod. c c 2 388 Auricularius — Auroro. lust. 10. 50. 2 {si I. c.) auricular i morho; Isid. Or. 11. i. 71 digitus quintus auricularis, pro eo quod eo aurem scalpimus. Aurieularius. 1. Adj. from auricula (and oricula), be- longing to the ears: Cels. 5. 28. 12 (p. 215 D) oricularius clyster; so 6. 7. 3 (p, 241 D); 7. 30. 3 (p. 320 D) oricularium specillum; Inscr. Or. 4227. 2. As subst., aurieularius ■= s, privy councillor; Vulg. 2 Reg. 23. 2^ fecit eum auricularium a secreto. 3. Glossed as = araKoviTTris, a listener : Gloss. Cyrill. mTaKotorijs aurieularius. Aurietas, -atis, subst. f., the gleam of gold : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' aurietas ' aurifulgor. Aurificina, -ae (aurifex), a goldsmith's shop: Gloss. Cyrill. Xpvcro\o€lov aurificina, Aurifoss6r, -oris, subst. m., a worker in gold mines : Cassiod. Hist. Trip, 11. 15 Persae aurifossores. Auriga, -ae, subst. m. and f 1. The driver or manager of a horse : spelt origa Varro R. R. 2. 7. 8, 2. 8. 4. Caes. G. 4. 33 ; Cic. Att. 13. 21. 3 ; Rep. ap. Non. p. 292 M; Varro R. R. 2. 7. 8 per origam : sic appellatur qui admittit; Verg. A. 12. 85 cir- cumstant properi aurigae (where Serv. says ' aurigas ' pro agasonibus posuit), al. saep. Lat. 2. Met., Ov. Trist. i. 4. 16 aurigam video vela dedisse rati; Col. 3. 10. 9 auriga rectrixque memhrorum anima. 3. The name of a constellation : Cic. N. D. 2. no, al. Lat. (Prob- ably from OS and ago : for aur- comp. the form ausculor = oscular, and for the termination from ago comp. iiga, triga, quadriga. Vanicek prefers to connect the word with a supposed aurus = swift : comp. alpos = raxvs, and Skt. arv-dnt, running, swift. In the case of auriga being connected with os, the au- may possibly be a mere indication of a long 0, as in Fau-nus = Fo-a-nus ; so Havet.) Aiirini, name of a community in Etruria, afterwards called Saiurnini: Plin. 3. 52. Auripigmeuttuu, -i, subst. n., a brilliant yellow earth used by painters for colouring, orpiment : Vitruv. 7. 7. 5 auripigmentum, quod dpo-eviKov Graece dicitur, foditur Ponto ; Scribon. Larg. 227; Cels. 5. 5; Plin. 33- 79 quod in Syria foditur pictoribus in summa tellure auri colore sed fragile, lapidum specularium modo; 35. 30. 49 ; Cael. Aur. Chron. 4. 8. 117; Isid. Or. 19. 17. 12, al. Lat. Auroresoo, -is, -ere, verb inceptive from aurora, to dawn: Arnob. lun. Confl. de Deo Trino et Uno i. 18 aurorescente die. Auroro, -as {aurora). 1. To shine like the morning: Aurusius — Ausculto. 389 Varro S. M. 121 Btich. auroral ostrinum hie indutus supparum. 2. Trans., to illuminate or shine upon : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' aurorans ' inluminans ; so Gloss. Bodl. ; Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 56 ' aurorare' inluminare, darificare, tnradiare. Aurusius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 2541 (Rome). Ausci, name of a people in Gallia Aquitania: Caes. G. 3. 27. i ; Mela 3. 20; Plin. 4. 108; Amm. 15. 11. 14. Auseiilam, the inhabitants of Ausculum (q. v.): Plin. 3. 105. Ausciilor, -aris, the old form of osculor, to kiss : Paul. p. 28 M ' auscularV dicebant antiqui pro ' osculari' ; Placidus p. 1 1 D ' auscu- latus' osculatus. (In Plaut. Cure. 52 R, Mil. 176, 288 Rib., where Fleckeisen and Lorenz printed ausculor, the MSS. give osc-^ Ausculto, -as, to listen. (a) Abs., Plaut. True. 95 R ad fores atiscultate, and al. Plaut. ; Caecil. 196 audire, nan auscultare (to hear, not to listen) ; Pall. Inc. Inc. 73 ^■i^&^ audio, hand ausculto; Cato Or. 40. I ita est cupidus orationis ut conducat qui auscultet; Afran. 265 hinc auscultavi procul; Ter. And. 664 qui auscultaverim, and often ausculta\ listen! Pompon. 12 auscultare disce, si nescis loqui; Hor. 2. S. 7. I iamdudum ausculto. Impers., Plaut. Merc. 465 R auscultabitur. (b) With a verbal clause : Plaut. Amph. 300 R auscultet quae loquar; Trin. 148; Cure. 279 R auscultemus quid agat; Poen. 822 R ausc. quid habeat sermonis; Ter. Eun. 100 sed hue qua gratia Te accersi iussi, ausculta. (c) With dat. of person, to listen to, hearken to : so sometimes = to defer to, obey : Plaut. Aul. 237 R ausculta mihi; Trin. 662 nisi vii auscultas ; al. saep. Plaut.; Enn. Tr. 329 mihi ausculta; Ter. And. 209 an auscultem senil so Ad. 906; Cato R. R. 5. 4 cui iussus siet aus- cultet; Varro L. L. 6. 83 hi auscultare dicuntur qui dictis parent; Cic. Rose. Am. 104 mihi ausculta. (d) With ace. of person listened to: Plaut. Aul. 497 R hunc ausculto lubens; Pseud. 523 R te ausculto lubens ; Afran. 306 ne ego illos velitantes ausculto lubens. (e) With ace. of the thing heard: Plaut. Pseud. 427 R qui auscul- tant crimina ; Merc. 477 R omnia istaec auscultavi; Ter. Heaut. 771 sed porro ausculta quod superest fallaciae. (From aus- the base of auris. The second part, cultare, is not so clear : Vanifiek mentions with approval the theory that cul- represents gru- or clu-, to hear. It seems more probable that ausculto is from a lost dim. from the base aus-, ausculum, the ear : comp. os-culum from os : and that ausculto is a denominative verb from a lost auscultum, which stood to ausculum as virgultum to virgula. The verb would thus mean to apply the ear, as osculari means to apply the lips.) 39° Ausculum — Autronms. Ausoiiluin, old form of osculum, a kiss: Prise, i. p. 39 K; found in Plant. Amph. 716, 800 R. Ausculum, name of a town in Apulia : C. I. L, 9. 665 ; also called Osculum: Fest. p. 197 M, s. v. Osculana pugna. In MSS. (e. g. of Florus I. 13 {18); Frontin. Strat. 2. 3. 21) wrongly written Asculum. Auslus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 160 a (Rome, 142 a. d.). Auspicius, nom. m. : Sulp. Sev. D. 2 (3). 7. i. Austlus, nomen m., C. I. L. 9. 2870 (Histonium of the Frentani). Austro, -as {Auster), to be stormy or rainy: Gloss. Philox. austrans vori^wi, iypaivav ; comp. Gloss. Sangall. p. 144 Warren, ' austrare ' humidum facere. Aut. The following uses deserve notice. 1. Distributive : aut — aut = alius — alius, hie — hie : Sail. I. 60. 4 monere alii, alii hortari, aut manu significare aut niti corporibus ; C. 56. 3 eeteri ut quemque casus armaverat, sparos aut lanceas, alii praeacutas sudes portahant: Varro L. L. 5. i. 10 verba sunt aut nostra aut aliena aut ollivia; Verg. G. 4. 166 sunt quihus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti, Inque vieem speculantur aquas et nubila caeli, Aut oner a aceipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto Ignavum fucos peeus a praesepibus areent ; A. 7. 164 aut aeris tendunt areus, aut lenta laeertis Spicula contorquent : Tac. A. i. 16 ob iustitium aut gaudium intermiserat solita munia (= alia ob iustitium, alia ob gaudium); Halm, in his critical note on this passage, quotes A. i. 55 Arminium ae Segesiem, insignem uirumque perfidia in nos aut fide; 4. 47 quod magna vis armata aut incondita tuebatur. 2. = nunc — nunc ; some- times = et vicissim: Tac. A. 11. 38 quod i^ferrum) frustra iugulo aut pectori per trepidationem admovens; 12. 12 barbarorum impetus acres cunctatione languescere aut in perfidiam mutari; H. 2. 92 Vitellium subitis offensis aut intempestivis blanditiis mutabilem, and elsewhere in Tac. 3. Aut, almost = at, sed (in late Latin) : Ennod. C. i. 7 aut si; i. 281 aut potius ; Sedul. Carm. Pasch. praef 7 aut si; so Pasch. Op. praef p. 175 (Hartel). 4. Aut = an (in late Latin): Ennod. Ep. 7. 31 aut forte putas ; 8. 17 aut quae confidam ? and elsewhere in late writers. 5. Aut = sive : Ennod. Ep. 9. 27 aut studio aut neglegentia evenerit non probatur; Dictio 2 1 p. 489 Hartel ferri nexus incurram aut gulae vectigal exhibeam, una condicio est; Claud. Mam. Stat. An. i. 23 aut non saepe usu evenit ; often in Lucifer Calarit. and Salvian G. D. Authentlcus, in the sense of real, actual : Claud. Mam. Stat. An. I. 2. p. 25 (Engelbrecht) authenticorum tractatores (real events). Autronlus and Autronla, nomina: C. I. L. i. 227, 228 Autumator — B. 391 (c. 214 B.C.); ib. '740 (33 B.C.), and elsewhere in inscr. and literature. Autiimator (autumo), one who names : Gloss. Philox. autumator ovo/iaoTijf. Autumno, -as (autumnui). 1. To bring autumn : Plin. 4. 124 Corus autumnal. 2. To be autumnal: Plin. 2. 136 in Italia a'e'r . . . semper quodam modo vernat aut autumnat. 3. To collect the fruits of autumn : Comm. Cruq. Hon 2 C. 5. 10 ' autumnare ' {est)/ructus colligere. Auxentlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1725 (Rome, 430 a.d.); Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2. 39. 6. Axamenta, -orum {axo), songs composed by the Salian priests, in which all the gods were mentioned : Paul. p. 3 M ' axamenta ' dicebantur carmina Saliaria, quae a Saliis sacerdotibus canebantur, in uiiiversos Semones composita ; Gloss. Philox. axamenta, crrixoi eVl 6vtnSiv 'WpaicKfovs, Axitio, -onis, subst. f. : explained by Placidus p. 8 D as = con- spiratio, /actio. Probably from lost adj. axes, -ttis; Paul. p. 3 M. ; comp. Gloss. Philox. axitas (? axites or axitae) aitoTiKeaitanKai. Axitiosus, -a, -um {axitio'), explained by Servius Clodius quoted by Varro L. L. 7. 66 as = begging or supplicating together (con- supplicatrix) ; Varro there quotes from Plautus's Astraba axitiosae, annonam caram e vili concinnant viris ; and from his Sitellitergus, mulier es, uxor. Cuia vis ? Ego novi, scio axitiosam, adding ut ab una faciendo factiosae, sic ab una agendo ' actiosae' et ^axitiosae' dictae; Paul. p. 3 M ' axitiosi' /actiosi dicebantur, cum plures una quid agerent /acerentque. Axo, -as, freq. from lost verb ago, to say (see Adagio) : to make mention by name : Paul. p. 8 ' axare ' nominare. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing this letter is thus described : Mar. Vict. p. 32 TL b et p dispart inter se oris officio exprimuntur. Nam prima (3) exploso e mediis labris sono, sequens compresso ore velut introrsum attracto oris ictu explicatur; Mart. Cap. 3. 261 b labris per spiritus impetum reclusis edicimus. In Terentianus Maurus this distinction between b and / is wrongly reversed. As an abbreviation B may stand for bovem, badius, bonus and its cases, bene, beneficiarius ; and sometimes (in consequence 393 Babiger— Ballena. of the confusion between h and v in popular pronunciation) for hixit (= vixii) and beteranus (= veleranus). Babiger, an adj. explained in many glossaries as = stultus : also given in the forms baliger and hrabiger (see Lowe P. G. p. 54). Probably a corruption for barhiger, bearded, and so senile or old- fashioned. (Perhaps the glosses ' barbo ' barunculus, ' harbo ' paKrjKos, quoted by L5we P. G. p. 6g, may be explained in the same way.) Babullia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 9. 486 (Venusia). Baburlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 4778 (Forum Novum). Baburrus, foolish : Placidus p. 13 D ' baburra ' stulta, inepta ; so Isid. Or. 10. 31 ; Gloss. Philox. baburra a4>pa>v, duir/Tos, iiarmos. Perhaps to be read in Apul. M. 4. 14 for babulus of the MS. Bacapiilus, -i, and bacapulum, a bier; Glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 55 ; sometimes found in the form bacabulus, some- times bacaulum and baccaulus. Bacario (Bacchd), glossed as = nopvoStaKovos in Gloss. Philox. Baceolus, adj., a colloquial word ^ siulius : Suet. Aug. 87 cottidiano sermone quaedam . . . usurpasse eum . . . ponit adsidue . . . pro stulto ' baceolum.' (A gloss quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 57 gives ' bacerus ' bar of actus in viiris, and others simply bare /actus, which has rightly been eratnAtd. baro,/atuus ; probably in vitris stands for ineptus.) Bachi autiqui: so Gloss. Epinal. p. 5. C. 1. 38 and other glossaries. This gloss is to be emended by the aid of another in Gloss. Bodl., ' Veteris bachi,' vini. Bachi antiqui arose simply out of an inversion, bachi veteris for veteris bachi; we should there- fore read Bacchi veteris, antiqui vini. Baeto, -IS, -ere, to go: Non. p. 77 ' baetere,' id est ire (so the Harleian, not betere) ; perf. subj. baesim : Plaut. Cure. 141 R ; Merc. 464 R ; Stich. 608 R ; Pacuv. Medus and Niptra ap. Non. 1. c. ; Varro tov irarphs rh naibiov ib. foras baetere ; Gloss. Philox. baesis TrpocriXBris. A deponent form bitor or betor is preserved in the glossaries ; Gloss. Sang. ' betere,' vade, proficiscere ; see Glossae Nominum pp. 196, 197 Lowe. Ballena, -ae, a whale : this spelling is given by B in Plaut. Rud. 545 R, the Pithoeanus of luv. 10. 14, and good MSS. of Paul. p. 31 M; the Glossae Servii give bellana (i.e. ballena); Isid. Or. 12. 6. 7 derives it from /SoXXeti/, an etymology which may account for this orthography, balaena ((poiKaiva) being right. Balt^o — Bascauda. 393 Balteo, -as, verb den. from balteus, to belt, gird : Gloss. Hild. ' balteat' cingit; Martianus Capella 5. 427 pectus . . . coloribus halteatum. Bardaicus, adj., Bardaic or Gaulish: luv. 16. 13 hardaicus calceus, where the scholiast remarks of ' Bardi' est autem gens Gallorum ; Mart. 4. 4. 5 uses bardaicus alone for bardaicus calceus (three good MSS. however give Vardaicus) ; Capitolin. Pertinax 8. 3 bardaici cuculli. (Mayor on luv. 1. c. takes Bardaicus or Vardaicus to come from Vardaei, the name of an lUyrian tribe.) Bargena, or bargina, -ae, explained by Caper Orth. p. 103 as cui genus barharicum sit; glosses to the same effect are quoted by Lowe P. G. pp. 64, 65. Martyrius p. 175 K says quod in glosse- matibus repperi ' bargina ' jj irpoa^atvtjaLs fiap^aptKij ; Gloss. Philox. barginna pdpfiapos, npo(T(j>a>vrjins ^ap^dpov. (Perhaps a popular con- traction for barbarigena.) Bargus, stupid : Glossae Nominum p. 2 1 Lowe ' bargus ' in- genio car ens ; Gloss. Cyrill. a^vi\s, bargus, sine genio ; so Martyrius p. 175 K (not to be confused with bardus). Baro, -onis. 1. An officer's servant, so used generally for a great strong hulking fellow ; Schol. Pers. 5. 138 'bar ones' dicuntur servi militum, qui utique stuUissimi sunt, servi scilicet stultorum ; Isid. Or. 9. 4. 31 mercennarii sunt, qui serviunt accepta mercede : idem et ' barones ' Graeco nomine, quod sint fortes in laborihus, ^apvs enim dicitur gravis, quod est fortis. From a misunderstanding of fortis (strong to carry) may have arisen Gloss. Philox. baro ainjp ; Osbern ap. Lowe P. G. p. 64 ' barones 'fortes in bello. Petronius 53 baro (a great strong fellow) constitit ; 63 baro ilk longus. 2. A lubber, lout, blockhead : Gloss. Sang, (see also glosses ap. Lowe P. G. p. 57) bacelus, baro,fatuus. Cic. Fin. 2. 76 nos barones stupemus; Div. 2. 144 baro\ (you dolt!); Fam. 9. 26. 3 ilk baro te putabat quaesiturum; Att. 5. 11. 6 Patronem et reliquos barones; Pers. 5. 138. (Perhaps from barrus, an elephant; a hulking, ele- phantine fellow.) Bascauda, -ae, subst. f. : defined by Schol. luv. 12. 46 as vas ubi calices lavabantur, vel cacabus ; by Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 63 as conca aerea : probably therefore a large brazen vessel. This meaning would very well suit the context of luv. 1. c, where men- tion is made of metal vessels of several kinds, though Mayor takes it to = our basket; luv. 12. 46 ; Mart. 14. 99. i barbara de pictis veni bascauda Britannis. 394 Bassus — Belutus. Bassus, adj., coarse, thick, fat : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 66 ' bassus' crassus, pinguis, obesus ; Martyrius de B et V p. 176 K ' bassus,' id est grassus (crassus ?) in glossematibus repperi; Gloss. Cyrill. naxis bassus, grossus, crassus ; iraxvs vTroKopurnKas, bassulus ; ■iraxvTi]s bassilitas. Frequently as cogn. m. Bassiis, -us, subst. of uncertain meaning, perhaps a bastard Latin equivalent for the Greek basis, gait : Prob. Inst. p. 115 K .?«' Bassus nomen proprium esse reperiatur, adformam ' doc ti' per omnes casus declinetur : sin vera bassus nomen appellativum. esse inveniatur, ad exemplum ^ fluctus ' per omnes casus flectaiur ; Appendix Probi p. 193 K risu, cantu, amplexu, complexu, bassu, gesiu ; so ib. p. 203 Bassds is distinguished from bassiis. Basterna, -ae, a litter carried by mules or asses : Isid. Or. 20. 12. 5 ' basterna ' vehiculum itineris, quasi vesterna, mollibus stramentis compositum, quod duohus animalibus deportatur \ so Gloss. Ball. ; Gloss. Epinal. 5 E 31 'basterna' similis currui de corio tota, et por- tatur semper ab hominibus vel asinis, nullam rotam habens. The instances quoted are Pallad. 7. 2. 3; Lamprid. Heliog. 21. 7; Amm. 14. 6. 16; Anth. Lat. loi (Riese). Basus — (paWos : Gloss, ap. Martyr, p. 167 K. Batillum, see 'Vatillum. BatlSea, -ae, or batiSla. The form batiola is given by No- nius p. 542 ; Gloss. Cyrill. (vatiola) ; Glossae Nominum p. 21 Lowe, and Gloss, ap. Martyr, p. 167 K; batioca by the MSS. of Plautus Stich. 694 R; Placidus p. 13 D; and Gloss. Ball. In the passage of Placidus the Corsianus reads bactioca, and Arnob. 2. 2^^ pattioca, so that the right spelling may be battioca. A gold or silver cup (or saucer ?) for sacrificing : Placidus 1. c. patera argentea ad sacri- ficandum ; so Gloss. Ball. ; Glossae Nominum p. 21 Lowe ' battiola' calix latus, nan angustus ; Gloss, ap. Martyr. 1. c. batiola Trorfiptov ; Gloss. Cyrill. irorripiov (piaXoeibes, haec vatiola ; Plaut. Colax ap. Non. 1. c. battiolam auream octo pondo habebam ; Stichus 694 R battiocis bibunt : nos nostro Samiolo poterio, etc. Batttiatdr, -oris, subst. m. ag. ; glossed by Martyrius p. 1 78 K as = ^acrawo-Tjjs ; by Glossae Nominum p. 22 Lowe as cibator farinae, vel similae collector. (Perhaps originally= one who pounds in a mortar ?) Baucalis, -is, subst. f., Greek ^avKoKis, an earthenware wine- cooler = gilla, gello, or gallo; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6. 7 ' bau- calem ' gellonem ; so Gloss. Ball., Hild., Epinal., and other glosses. Beliitus, adj., like a beast : Paul. p. 34 M. ' belutus ' beluae Benuentum — Bombosus. 395 stmik's ; so Gloss. Philox. ; Glossae Nominum p. 23 Lowe ' beluatus ' hestiae similis. Benuentum, Maluentum, forms for Beneventum, Maleventum : C. I. L. 9. p. 136 (on coins). BIdento, -as {bidens), to dig ; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. vols. 6 and 7; Gloss. Ball. ' bidentat' fodit, ' bidentio' fodio; and Papias. BIfax, double-faced: glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 72 ' bifax ' duos habens obtutus. Bilustrlum, a space of two lustra : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' bilustrium ' decern anni. Binator = duplicator : Gloss. Epinal. 5. C 34. Biothanatus. The common meaning of this word, one who has died a violent death, is suflSciently illustrated in the lexx. Commodian uses it also in the sense of ' one who though alive is dead,' as if from /3ios : Instr. i. 14. 8 secede ab istis qui sunt hiothanati facti ; ■=■ morte viventes, Instr. i. 36. 5. Biotieus, adj., the Greek 0io>rt(cof. 1. Belonging to practical life as opp. to Uterature ; Marius Vict. p. 51 K (metruni) out poeticum est aut bioticum ; metrum bioticum including measures of length, capacity, and the like. 2. Real, life-like, containing the elements of real hfe : Serv. A. 3. 718 epilogos dedit {Vergilius) sex istis prioribus libris, quos et esse bioticos voluit : nam singulis res singulas dedit, ut prima omina, secundo pathos, tertio errores, quarto ethos, quinto festivitatem, sexto scientiam. Bipatens, -tis, adj., twice opening, i. e. open or opening at both ends or in two places : Gloss. Philox. bipatentibus llxoBiv dvemyiMevois. Enn. ap. Serv. A. 10. 5 ; Verg. there, tectis bipaten- tibus. In Verg. A. 2. 330 Serv. explains portis bipatentibus as = geminis, there being two gates at each entrance of the city ; so too Ti. Donatus. In Auson. Epig. 146. (i. 7 p. 12 Peiper) 3 bipatens pugillar means a folded writing tablet that opens both ways. Blandiosus, caressing: Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6; Gloss. Hild. ; and other glossaries (? for blanditiosus ?). Blandities, blandishment, caressing : Caecil. ap. Non. p. 79 sine blanditie nil agit In amore inermus (so the Harleian MS.) (J. H. Onions). Blenno, -onis {blennus), a dirty, disagreeable fellow : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' blenones' foetidi, impudici, Mr cones; so other glossaries ; see Lowe P. G. p. 266. Bombosus, or bumbosus, adj. from bombus, noisy : Gloss, ap. 396 Botanicum — Buo. Mai CI. Auct. 7 ' bumbosum ' sonorum, furibundum ; so Gloss. Sangall. p. 146 Warren. Batamcum (pmaviK&v), a manual of botany: Isid. Or. 4. 10. 4; and glossaries. Bria, -ae, a vessel for holding wine : Charis. p. 83 K ' bria ' est vas vinarium, unde^ehrius' et ' ebria' dicitur; Gloss. Philox. bria «8os arp/iiov; Osbem ap. Mai 01. Auct. 8. p. 81 'bria' quaedam mensura, unde ' ebrius,' i. e. extra mensuram bihens. Arnob. 7. 29 scyphos, hrias, pateras ; and perhaps Apul. Apol. 59. Briso, -as {brisa, pressed grapes), to press: Schol. Pers. i. 76 ' brisare ' dicimus exprimere. Brocchus or broneus, adj. 1. With prominent teeth and thus projecting lips: Non. p. 25 ' bronci' sunt producto ore et den- tibus prominentibus ; so several glosses, e.g. Gloss, ap. Mai 01. Auct. 6 ' brocca ' labrosa ; Philox. brochus d to ava x«Aos ^Sijcmy. Plant. Silitergus ap. Fest. p. 375 M aut broccus aut paetus; Lucil. 3. ap. Non. 1. c. broneus Bovillanus. Ascogn.: Plin. 11. i^glahra, a quibus Brocchi, Labeones dicti; in inscr. it is spelt both Brocchm and Broccus. 2. Of the teeth, projecting : Varro R. R. 2. 7. 3 cum dentes facti sunt brocchi. Bua, -ae, subst. £, drink: Non. p. 81 ' buam^ potionem positum parvulorum ; Varro, Cato vel de liberis educandis, ' cum cibum et potionem buas ac pappas vocent! (There must apparently have been originally an adj. buus = drinking, for Lucil. 8. ap. Non. 1. c. used vinibua = vinolenta.) Buallum {boaulium or bulium ?), a stall for oxen : Gloss, ap. Mai 01. Auct. vol. 6 ' bucolica ' bualia ; Gloss. Hild. ' bulum ' bucoli- cum pastoris ; Gloss. Epinal. 5. E. 14 ' bolio' stdbula bourn. BueSllcus, -a, -um, or -6s, -e, -6n {^ovkoKikos). 1. Pas- toral, bucolic : Ov. Trist. 2. 538 bucolicis iuvenis luserat ante modis. 2. As 1. 1. of Prosody, bucolice caesura or tome is the caesura in which the fourth foot of the hexameter ends a word, so called because this cadence is very common in Theocritus : Serv. E. i init. car- men bucolicum, quod debet quarto pede terminare partem orationis. Qui pes si sit dactylus, meliorem efficit versum, ut ' nos patriae fines et dulcia! So Terentianus Maurus p. 389 K, Marius Victorinus p. 65 K. The hexametrus or herous bucolicus is one which has such a caesura: Mar. Vict. p. 114 K; Atil. Fort. pp. 292, 303; Marius Plotius Sacerdos pp. 506, 513 K. Bilo, -Is, tautum, to give to drink (?), or to dip (?) : Paul. p. 109 M s. V. ■ imbutum ' : infantibus an velint bibere dicentes, ' bu ' syllaba Bustar— 0. 397 contenti sumus; Gloss. Hild. B No. 73 'iuium' imbutum, ah im- buendo. Bustar, a cattle-pen : Gloss. Philox. bmtar ^maraaiov. (For the formation from sto, comp. insfar, q. v.) Busto, -as (bustum), to bury a corpse : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' bustantes ' funestantes, sepelientes, and other glossaries ; see Lowe P. G. p. 84. Buteo, glossed by Placidus p. 13 D as = iuvenis. Other forms given in the glossaries are bosteo and buseo : I am therefore inclined to conjecture /wzb. c. 1. The position of the vocal organs in sounding the letter C is thus described: Marius Victorinus p. 33 K c etiam ut g . . ., sono proximae, oris molimine nisuque dissentiunt. Nam c reducta in- trorsum lingua hinc atque hinc molares urgens intra os sonum vocis excludit. G vim prioris, pari linguae habitu, palalo suggerens lenius reddit; Terent. Maurus p. 331 K utrurnque latus dentibus applicare linguam C pressius urget ; deinde hinc et hinc remittit, Quo vocis adhaerens sonus explicetur ore; Martianus Capella 3. 271 c mo- laribus super linguae extrema appulsis exprimitur. (On the sound of C, which was not a guttural, but a velar, velo-palatal, or pure palatal letter, and was apparently identical, or was thought to sound identically, with K, see Seelmann, Die Aussprache Des Latein, p. 331 foil.) 2. In old Latin the sounds C and G were both expressed by C, so that C. sometimes = Gaius, and genae in an inscription found at Lyons (Wilmanns Syll. Inscr. 2759), while Cn. =Gnaeus, and the Greek d/iopyi was spelt amurca, though pronounced amurga (Servius G. i. 194; Ten Maur. p. 352 K). 3. C as an abbreviation may stand for the names Caesar, Gaius, Claudius; and for the words cacus, carceris, carus, castra, censoria, cenlesima, centum, cicatrices, cineres, cives, civium, civitas, clarissimus, cogi, collegium, collocutus, colonia, coloni, conductor, coniux, consilio, consule, consulibus, convocari, corpus, cultor, cum (prep.), cuneus, curam, curante, -ihus, cu rator, curavit, curaverunt, custos. 4. C" = centenarius, centumviri. CCC = irecenarius. 5. An inverted C {D ) = centuria, centurio, coniux (in the sense of a wife), contrascriptor, mulier. ID = quingenti, CIO = milk, IDJ = quinque milia, CCIDD = decern milia, IDDD = quinquaginta milia, CCCIDDD = centum milia, IDDDD = quingenta milia, CCCCIDDDD = deciens centum milia. 39^ Cabanus — Caerimonia. Cabanus, -i, a gelding: Placidus p. 30 D ' cabanum' equum castratum, quem nos caballum dicimus. The true form may be cdbo, -mis, which is attested by good MSS. of Placidus here, and by Gloss. Amplon. pp. 285, 286 ; Gloss. Hild. C. 8. Cabus, -i, a horse: Isid. Or. 12. 8. 4. Cacus, the original noun of which cacula is the dim., a soldier's servant: Inscr. ap. Wilmanns Syllog. Inscr. 1499 (Rome, 210 a.d.). Caepum, -i, = caepe, an onion : Consentius p. 345 K (F. Haverfield). Caerimonia, -ae, subst. f. 1. Care, thoughtfulness, ob- servance, ceremony, sometimes with gen. of the object : Cic. Inv. 2. 161 religio est quae superior is cuiusdam naturae cur am caeri- moniamque ad/ert; ib. 66 religionem earn quae in metu et caerimonia deorum est appellant; Balb. 55 sacra Cereris . . . summa maiores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt; Har. Resp. 37 quod quidem sacrificium . . . fit incredibili caerimonia; ib. 21 omnia sol- lemnia ac iusta ludorum . . . summa cum caerimonia esse servala ; Verr. 5. 36 ludos . . . maxima cum cura et caerimonia . . . esse faciendos; Caes. G. 7. 2 quo more eorum gravissima caerimonia con- tinetur; Nap. Them. 8. 4 sacrarium quod summa celebratur caeri- monia ; Gell. 4. 9. 9 cum castitate caerimoniaque adeuntium (on the part of those who approach). 2. Honour, reverence : Plin. 6. 135 (of a river) in magna caerimonia; 37. 100 (of a jewel) in caerimoniis habitae. 3. From the care or thoughtfulness of which a thing is the object ; majesty, sanctity: Cic. Rose. Am. 113 legationis ipsius caerimoniam polluerit; Caes. ap. Sueton. lul. 6 est ergo in genere et sanctitas regum . . . et caerimonia deorum ; so Tac, A. 3. 61 (of a temple); 4. 64, 14. 22. 4. Concr., a rule or ordinance in religious matters: Cic. Dom. 138 institutis ac verbis quihus caerimoniae postulant; ib. 136 quod ipsi pontifices semper non solum ad suas caerimonias sed etiam ad populi iussa accommoda- verunf. 5. A usage : Cic. often has violare, polluere caeri- monias, as he has polluere iura and the like, e.g. Dom. 105 flagitio ac stupro caerimonias polluere; Har. Resp. 29 caerimonias ab omni vetustate acceptas . . .pollui non sinit; Mil. 59 de caerimoniis violatis ; and so often Livy and Tac; Suet. Aug. 94 in Liberi patris luco Barbara caerimonia de filio consulenti. 6. A ceremony or proceeding in religious matters: Cic. Dom. 141 si iste . . . neque institutas caerimonias persequi neque verbum ullum sollemne potuit effari; ib. 109 sacra, religiones, caerimoniae; Verr. 5. 187 quorum Caetronius — Calaticum. 399 sacra . . . longe maximis atque occultissimis caerimoniis continentur ; Tac. A. 3. 58 libri caerimoniarum ; Arnob. 2. 70 numina deorum ad caerimonias invocari; and so elsewhere in Latin. The word was connected by the ancients with the name of the town Caere, with caritas, and with carere (Paul. p. 44 M, Gell. 4. 9. 8) ; by the moderns it is usually supposed to be related to kar-, to make (Vani8ek p. 120, and others), Ceres, Cerus, creare, etc. But this base means making in the sense oi production, not in the sense of performance of religious actions. Perhaps, therefore, caerimonia should be connected with the base ku-, to think, in Skt. a-ku-ti-s, intention, kav-is, wise, a wise man, a poet, Gk. mAv, and Latin cavere and cura. Thus it would stand for cav-i-ri-monia, and, like aegri-moma, be an abstr. f from a lost participial adj. caviri-mbn- = thoughtful or wise. Caetronius, nom. m.: C. L L. 9. 422 (Fasti Consulares of Venusia), al. inscr. C3,la, -ae (or oala .■'), subst. f., wood, a wooden stake or cudgel : Serv. A. 6. i '■ calas' dicelant maiores nostri fustes quos portahant servi sequentes dominos ad proelium . . . ^vallum' dicehant 'calam'; Lucil. Inc. 151 (ap. Serv. 1. c.) scinde calam ut caleas; probably this should be read in Isid. Or. 18. 7. 7 s. v. ' clava^ haec est cateia quant Horatius ^ caiam ' vocat (i.e. calam). Isid. Or. 19. 34. 2 uses a form in the second declension with abl. calo. (Connected with this word, perhaps, are clava [= calava\ calo, and calceus, caliga, as boots may originally have been made of wood. See s. v. Calo.) Calamaula (? calamaulus), a reed-flute : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' calamaula ' canna de qua canitur ; so Papias. The Greek KokanavXjjs means a person who plays on such a pipe. ' Calamau- larius,' ipse qui de canna canit, Gloss. Sangall. p. 147 Warren. Calasiris, -is, subst. f., the Greek KoKda-tpis, a long tunic worn in Egypt (see Herod. 2. 81). From a gloss preserved by Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 151 'calasiris' genus tunicae (i.e. calasiris), it seems probable that calasiris should be read in Paul. p. 51 M • calasis ' genus tunicae quod Graeci Kakatrivov (?) meant. Alii dicunt nodum esse tunicae muliebris, quo conexa circa cervicem tunica sum- mittitur. Calaticum, -i, a kind of barley with two rows of grains : Isid. Or. 17. 3. 10 alterum (genus hordei) distichon, eo quod duos ordines habet: hoc plerumque calaticum vocant; so (perhaps from Isidore) Gloss. Ball, and Papias. 40O Calator — Callopistia. Calator, -oris, subst. m. ag. from calare, to call ; one who calls : Verrius Flaccus ap. Charis. p. io6 K nomenclator . . . velut nominis calator; Paul. p. 38 M ' calatores' dicebantur servi cma tov KoKeiv; comp. ib. s. V. procalare, p. 225. 1. So a servant whose duty it is to summon people, especially an attendant on pontifices and augurs : Gloss. Philox. calatores 80SX01 drjfiocrtot ; eKjSi^aorai Upeav. Acta Fratr. Arv. p. 160 (Henzen); see Henzen's preface, pp. vii, viii; C. I. L. 10. 6227 (in all these places spelt with c, though Henzen in his preface writes it with k)] C. I. L. 6. 2187, 3878; Suet. Gramm. 1 2 Cornelius Epicadus, L. Cornelii Bullae dictatoris libertus calatorque in sacerdotio augur ali; Serv, Verg. G. i^ 268 pontifices . . . praemittere calatores suos sclent. 2. In general, an attendant : Plant. Merc. 852 R comes calator equos agaso sum armiger; Rud. 335 R calator Pleisidippi; Pseud. 1009 R Harpax calator meus est ad te qui venit. Calciator (so, not calceator), a shoemaker : C. I. L. 6. 3939 (Rome, Augustan age). Calcitro, -onis, subst. m, from calcitrare, a kicker : Non. p. 1 4 ' calcitr ones' qui infestant calcibus; Plaut. Asin, 391 R procul si quern videt ire ad se calcitronem ; Varro Sesquiulixes (ap. Non. p. 45) itaque turn equum mordacem, calcitronem, horridum, miles ac vir non vitabat. (Gloss. Sangall. p. 147 Warren ' calcitr ones' qui infestant calcibus; Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 139 'calcitro' rusticus, eo quod dure calcet^ C&lleo, or caleco, -as, verb den. from calx, to cover with chalk or whitewash: Paul. p. 47 M ' calicata aedificia' cake polita; p., 59 ' calicatis' calce politis; C. I. L. i. 1166. 8 (date earlier than 90 B. c). Caliciilus, -i, subst. m. dim. of calix. 1. A little cup: Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 138 ' caliculus' parvus calix; Cato R. R. 108. I ; Cels. 2. 11; and elsewhere in Latin. 2. Of the suckers of the polypus : Trebius Niger ap. Plin. 9. 93. 3. Of small holes in the ground : C. I. L. 8. 2532 d (Castra Lambae- sitana) caliculis tectis. Caliptra, -ae, subst. f., the Greek KoKvirrpa, a kind of veil or covering for the head : Paul. p. 47 M ' caliptra ' genus est vestimenti quo capita operiehant; Osbern ap. Mai CI, Auct. 8. p. 138; Gloss. Amplon. p. 286 ^caliptra'' genus mitrae ; in glosses sometimes corrupted into calestra. Callopistia, -ae (KcXkam'umia), adornment: Serv. A. i. 223 «/ autem poetica callopistia non omnia exprimere. Calo — Calusius. 401 Calo, -onis, subst. m. l. A wooden shoe : Paul. p. 46 ' calones ' calcei ex lignofadi. 2. A buskin of willow twigs : . Isid. Or. 19. 34. 6 tragoedorum cothurni, quos quidam etiam calones appellant, eo quod ex salice fierent. 3. A hewer or carrier of wood ; so, an ofiScer's servant : Serv. A. 6. i * calas' dicebant maiores nostri fustes quos portabant servi sequentes dominos ad proelium ; unde etiam ' calones ' dicebantur ; Non. p. 62 calonum proprietas haec est, quod ligna militibus sumministrent \ Paul. p. 63 ' calones ' miliium servi dicti, quia ligneas clavas gerebant; Ps. Acr. Hor. i. S. 2. 44 'calones' sunt ministri milituvi, homines liberi. Cic. N. D. 3. 11 cantheriis albis, nullis calonibus ; Caes. G. 2. 24, 6. 36, 40; and in Liv. and other historical writers ; also Hor. i. S. 2. 44,3!.; Pers. 5. 95. (From cala or calum, wood. The ancients also derived it from calare, to call.) Caldbatlirarliis, -i, subst. m., one who walks on stilts : Nonius p. 115 s. V. grallatores. (The MSS. give colobaihratarii ; Scaliger conj. calobathrarii. The Greek seems to have both forms, KoXo/Sd- Tijr and Ka)Xo|3aT7)r.) Cal6p6dia, -ae, a shoemaker's last ^ written KaXon-oSi'a by Servius A. I. 39 : Ps. Acron Hor. 2. S. 3. 104 ferramenta quibus fabricantur calopodiae, i.e. formae sutorum, dictae a ligno et pede, quasi lignei pedes, quia kSXov lignum. Calventius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 103 (Brundisium), al. inscr. Calvo, -is, ealvio, -is, and calvor, -erls : to deceive or baflBe: Serv. A. i. 720 ' calviat,' id est fallat atque eludat; Gloss. Philox. ' calvitur ' e^anuTa ; and other glosses ap. Lowe P. G. p. 366; Placidus p. 25 ' calvttur,' /rustratur, decipit) Eutyches p. 485 K ' calvo ' ' calvis,' id est decipio. XII Tables ap. Fest. p. 313 M si calvitur pedemve struit; Plaut. Cas. 2. 2. 4 sopor manus calvitur; Pacuvius Medus ap. Non. p. 6 Sentio, pater, te ■bods calvi similitudine . . . num me lactam calvitur Aetas? Pacuv. Dulorestes ap. Non. ib. ni me calvitur suspicio; Accius Eurysaces ib. sed memet calvor; Lucil. 17 ib. si calvitur, ergo, etc. ; Sallust. Hist. 3. ap. Eutych. p. 485 K contra ilk, calvi ratus, quaerit extisne an somnio portenderetur thesaurus. The same is quoted more briefly by Non. p. 6, Prise, i. p. 506 K. (Probably connected with cal- to conceal ; and so with callidus. The word calumnia is no doubt from the same base.) CalTirfus, Calusia, nomina : C. I. L. 9. 5912, 5913 (Ancona). Dd 403 Calvus — Camillus. Calvus, adj., deceitful: Serv. A. i. 720 ' Calvam Venerem,' . . . quod cor da amantum calviat, id est fallat atque eludat. This title was by the ancients themselves, and is still by the nioderns, . explained also as the Venus pf baldness, because the Roman matrons at the time of the Gallic invasion cut off their hair to make ropes for the engines of war. But this is very unlikely. Nonius p. 6 derives • calvi ' a calvis mimicis, quod sunt omnibus frustratui. Is it possible that calm mimid means the ' artful dodgers ' in the mimes ? So perhaps in Pomponius ap. Non. p. 178 (according to the Harleian MS.) iam istam calvam colaphis comminuissem. Camedius, Camedia, nomina : C. I, L. 9. 4173 (Cliternia, Regio iv. Ital.). CameriTis, Cameria, nomina : C. I. L. 9. 3961 (Alba Fucens) ; 3701 (Marruvium), al. inscr. earners, -tis, n. p.: Verg. A, 10. 563, 12. 224, Camlanus, nom. m. ; C. I. L. 9. 90 (Brundisium). Camillus, -i, subst. m., and Camilla, -ae, subst. f., a minister, servant, attendant ; perhaps originally = a boy or girl : Varro L. L. 7. 34 quotes a line of Pacuvius Caelttum Camilla, expectata advents, salve hospita ; adding ' camillam ' qui glossemata interpretati sunt dixerunt ' administram ' : addi oportet, in his quae sunt occultiora : itaque dicitur nuptiis camillus qui cumeramfert. But Varro's limi- tation is probably incorrect, for Paul. p. 93 says 'JIaminius camil- lus ' puer dicehatur ingenuus patrimes et matrimes, qui flamini Diali ad sacrificia praeministrabat ; antiqui enim ministros ' camillos ' dice- bant. Alii dicunt omnes puer OS apud antiquos 'camillos' appellatos,sicut habetur in antiquo carmine, cum pater filio de agricultura praeciperet, ' hiberno pulvere, verno Into, grandiafarra, camille, metes;' Paul, p, 43 ' camillus' proprie appellabaiur puer ingenues; so Macrob, S, 3. 8. 6 ; Serv, A. 11. 543. Gloss. Philox. give Camilla Upna. It would seem that camillus means an attendant, a ' boy ' in the sense of servant. Quint. 8. 3. 19 laughs at a poet who -wcote praetextam in cista mures rosere camilli {= the boy mice). According to Varro L. L, 7, 34, and Verg. A. 11. 543, another form of the word was casmilus and casmilla, which, if true, makes the etymology very uncertain. Supposing casmilus to be connected with carmen and Carmenta, it should be referred to the same root with those words, namely gas-, to praise, pronounce solemn words in honour of the gods ; but this hardly tallies with what we are told of the meaning of camillus. It is possible that there were really two words, casmilus, connected with carmen and its cognates, and camillus, Camillus — Carina. 403 a servant, connected perhaps with camurus or camerus, Camers, Camurtius, etc., and meaning originally bent or stooping, like ancus and ancilla. Camillus, cogn. m. : Liv. and elsewhere, Camilla is an Italian mythical n. p. : Verg. A. 1 1 often. Camudenns, nomen m. : C. I. L. 9. 2224 (Telesia). Camurius, Camuxia, nomina : C. I. L. 9. 151 1 (Pagus Yeianus) ; and elsewhere in C. I. L. 9. Camurtius, Camurtia, nomina : C. I. L. 9. 1089 (Ager Comp- sinus, Reg. ii. Ital.) ; 6392 (Brundisium). C&aa&ter =i qui canescit : Glossae Nominum p. 29 Lowe; Gloss. Cyrill. /it^ojToXtof canaster. Caperro, -as : wrongly spelt capero. To wrinkle, contract ; sometimes to be wrinkled : Varro L. L. 7. 107 ; Paul. p. 48 M ■ caperratum ' rugosum, a cornuum caprinorum ^militudine dictum ; Nonius p. 8 ' caperrare ' (so the !MSS.) est rugisfrontem contrahere et asperare, tractum a caprorum frontibus crispis ; Placidus p. 29 D ' caperassere ' inrugare (? for caperrare ?). Naev. quoted by Varro, L, L. 7. 107 caperrata fronte ; Plaut. Epid. 609 R (as the ]MSS. of Nonius 1. c.) ^id illud est quod iUi caper rat frons severitudine ? Varro Eum. ap. Non. 1. c. caperratam tuamfrontem ; Apul. M. 9. 16 caperratum supercilium (so the MS.) ; Auson. Idyll. 13 extr. (p. 218 Peiper) ; Martianus Capella 5. 509 (where the best MSS. give caperratuni). Capex, glossed as = irupKala : Script. De Id. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 574. (Probably a corruption for <^<'.v in the sense of a flame ; Idiom. Cod. Parisini p. 550 Gundermann give liic capcx = hie apex : just so Gloss. PhUox. have caquiUus aieros, for h'c aquilus.) Capito, -5ms, subst. m., a man with a large or strong head : Gloss. Philox. capito K«l>aka>v. Plaut. Persa 60 R ficque cogiwnu-ntum is duris fuit capitoiiibus (if the reading be right and not rather ne [= surely] cognomentum, etc.) of parasites. Cato R. R. uses the word of a fish,/w<7« capitonem ; so Auson. Mos. 85. Cic. N. D. I. 80 mentions the word with silo and other words denoting per- sonal peculiarities. As cogn. m., often in lit. and inscr. Capiia =.falco according to Serv. A. 10. 146 : see also Isid. Or. 12. 7. 57. Carina, -ae, subst. f. 1. The lower part of a ship's hull ; the bottom of a ship or boat; Comm. Cruq. Hon Epod. 10. 20 ' carina ' o d 2 404 Carina. . . . totius navis compago est (not exclusively the keel, as will be seen from the instances : though in one or two cases it seems to be used loosely in this sense): Plaut. Mil. 911 Rib. ubi probus est archi- tectus, Bene lineatam si semel carinam conlocavit, Facile esse navem facere . . . Nunc haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est (used loosely as equivalent for the Greek rpon-ir in such passages as Aristoph. Vespae 30 Xeyt rr\v rpoTnv Tov jrpdyfiaTos) ; Enn. A. 560 carbasus alta vocat pandam ductura carinam (the open hull) ; Caes. C. I. 54 carinae ac prima statumina levi materia fiebant (the bottoms and the first fixings) ; G. 3. 13 carinae aliquanto planiores quam nostrarum navium, quofacilius vada ac decessum aestus exci- pere possent (the bottoms were somewhat flatter) ; CatuU. 64. 10 pinea coniungens inflexae texta carinae; Verg. G. 2. 445 pandas ratibus posuere carinas (where Serv. says pandas = incurvas) ; G. I. 360 sibi turn a curvis male temperat unda carinis; A. 10. 296 sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina; 5. 158 longa sulcant vada salsa carina ; 5. 683 lentusque carinas Est vapor, et toto descendit corpore pestis; Hor. i. C. 4. 2 trahuntque siccas machinae carinas; Epod. 10. 20 lonius udo cum remugiens sinus Nolo carinam ruperit; Ov. Am. I. II. 24 currit in immensum panda carina salum; M. 1. 298 aut subiecta terunt curvae vineta carinae; 14. 552 medi- isque carina Subdita navigiis spinae mutatut in usum; ib. 534 perque altum ad carbasa malum Ibat (ignis) et incurvae fumabant transtra carinae; Liv. 22. 20. 2 quae non perfregerant proras . . . aut carinas fixerant vadis; Veil. 2. 77. i Pompeius . . . qui kaud absurde, cum in navi Caesar em et Antonium cena acciperet, dixit in carinis suis se cenam dare (punning on the name of the street) ; Curt. 7. 3. 9 (of the huts of the Paropamisadae) structura latior ab imo . . . ad ultimum in carinae maxime modum coit; Tac. A. 2. 6 alvei planae carinis (flat-bottomed). In pi. of a single ship, carina having probably meant originally a ' shell,' the curving planks which form the hull: Hor. i. C. 14. 7 nee durare carinae Possunt imperiosius aequor ; so perhaps Verg. G. i. 360 (above); A. 5. 683 (above); Veil. 2. 77. i (above). Ponere carinam-=- Tpomv BeaBai, to put a ship on the stocks, lay the keel or bottom : Verg. G. 2. 445 ratibus pandas posuere carinas ;.1av. 28. 8. 14 centum longarum navium positis carinis; Curt. 10. i. 19 septingent- arum navium carinas ponere. 2. Generally, for the whole ship ; often in poetry : Enn. A. 379, 476 uncta carina. Imitated by Verg., who often uses carina in this general sense, e. g. mille carinae =mille naves; and so Ov. and other poets. 3. Of Carinatdr — Carmen. 405 other things resembling a ship's bottom : (a) of the divisions of a shell of a nut : Plin. 15. 88 namque sunt Ufidae putaminum carinae, nucleorumque alia quadripartita distindio. (b) Of a dog's chest : Nemesianus Cyneg. no multamque gerat sub pectore lato Costarum. sub fine decenier prona carinam, Quae sensim rursus sitco se colligat alvo (see Carino). Carinae, name of a street in Rome : Varro L. L. 5. 47, and elsewhere in literature, e, g. Verg. A. 8. 361, where Serv., among other explanations, says ' carinae ' sunt aedificia facia in carinarum modum (i. e. with arched or curved roofs ?) quae erant circa templum Telluris. (Usually connected with Sanskrit kdrakas, a cocoa-nut ; Greek Kapvov, a nut or kernel. But as carina never means a kernel, I would suggest that carina is connected with cas-, car- = empty ; comp. cas-sus, cas-sis, car-ere, and that it originally meant an empty covering, frame, shell, or husk ; so that it would be applicable to any outer covering : thus it would easily be applicable to the lower part of a ship's hull. Cas-a, a hut, may perhaps be connected with it, perhaps also castrum, meaning an enclosure or frame-work. If so, the s may have been changed to r by the influence of the accent : see Conway, Verner's Law in Italy.) CarinatSr, -oris, subst. m., ag. from cdrmo: Placidus p. 29 D ' carinator' maledicus, conviciator, Placidus p. 26, according to Deuerling, has ' carenatoribus' lanariis, quia ' cariunt' id est car punt tiel dividunt. The MSS. read carenatoribus or carerenatoribus; the last suggests the possibility that the word meant is really carminatoribus. Carmo, -as, verb den. from carina, to shape like the hull of a boat or ship : PUn. 9. 94 concham esse acatii modo carinatam, inflexa "puppe; 9. 103 saliunt pectines et extra volitant, seque et ipsi carinant; II. 20^ pectus homini tantum latum, reliquis carinatum, volucribus magis et inter eas aquaticis maxime. Carino, -as, to abuse, revile: Paul. p. 47 M; Serv. A. 8. 361 ' carinare ' est obtrectare ; Gloss. Philox. carinari x"P«>"''ff o-^ai ; Gloss. Epin. p. 8. A 27 ' carinantes' inludentes. Enn. A. 181 contra carinantes ; 229 carinantibus edere cartis. CarmSn, -Inls, subst. n. 1. A fixed or appointed form of words, whether in prose or verse : Cic. De Or. i. 245 «/ totum illud ' Uti lingua nuncupasit' non in xii tabulis sed in magistri carmine scriptum videretur; Legg. 2. 59 discebamus enim xii tabulas tamquam necessarium carmen ; Mur. 26 praetor ne se pulchrum ac beatum putaret . . . ei quoque carmen compositum est; Rab. Perd. 13 Tarquinii . . . ista sunt cruciatus carmina ; Liv. i. 26. 6 /«.ar horrendi carminis ;~ 3. 64. 10 rogationis carmen ; i. 24. 6 (of the form 4o6 Carmen. repeated by the pater patratus) longum carmen', lo. 38. 10 iurari cogebant diro quodam carmine; 41. 3 dira execratio et furiale carmen; 31. 17. 9 praeeuntibus execrabile carmen sacerdotihus ; 33. 32. 4 unde sollemni carmine ludicrum indict solet; 39. 15. I sollemne carmen precationis quod praefari . . . magisiratus Solent; Ov. M. 8. 455 quo postquam carmine dicto Excesseri deae ; Tac. A. 3. 63 Tenios eiusdem carmen referre quo sacrare Neptuni effigiem aedemque iussi sunt; Serv. A. 2. 244 secundum dis^ ciplinam carminis Romani, quo ex urhibus hostium deos evocare sole-' bant. 2. A charm, incantation: XII Tabb. 8. i a si quis malum carmen incantasit; Verg. E. 869 carmina vel caelo possunt deducere Lunam; Hor. Epod. 5. 72 veneficae Scientioris carmine; i. S. 8.19 carminibus quae versant aiqtle venenis Humanos animos; Ov. M. 7. 137. 148, 167, 203, 424; 9. 300; 10. 397; 14. 20, 44, 58, 357; 15- 326; Quint. 7. 3. 7 carmina magorum; Plin. 28. 10 incanta- menta carminum ; Tac. A. 2. 69 carmina et devotiones; 4. 22 car-' minibus et veneficiis. 3. A prophecy. The Carmina Marcii Vatis, dating from the time of the second Punic war, are mentioned by Fest. p. 165 M; Liv. 25. 12; Macrob. S. i. 17. 28. Comp. further Verg. E. 4. I ultima Cumaei venit iam carminis aetas; Liv. i. 45, 5, 23. II. 4; Ov. M. 6. 582; Tac. A. 4. 43 annalium monumentis vatumque carminibus; 6. 12 (of the Sibylline books). 4. A melodious utterance, whether of voice or instrument (so very often) : Enn. A. 508 cumque caput caderet, carman tuba sola peregit ; Lucr. 2. 506 Phoebeaque daedala chordis Carmina; 4. 981 citharae liquidum carmen chordasque loquentes; Cic. Agr. 2, 68 (ironically, 'song') hoc carmen . . . non vobis, sed sibi intus canit; Verg. A. 4. 462 ferali carmine bubo Saepe queri; Hor. i. C. 15. 15 inbelli cithara carmina divides; Prop. 2. i. 9 sive lyrae carmen digitis percussit eburnis ; Ov. M. 2. 252, 5. 387 (of birds); Trist. 4. i. 12 harundi- nis carmine; Script. Aetnae 296 inriguo carmine (and commonly in Latin). 5. A poem or composition in verse, or a part of one (very common) : Cic. Gael. 18 longius hoc carmen contexere ; Mil. 80 quos cantus, quae carmina \ Arch. 27 Decimus Brutus . . . car- minibus templorum et monumentorum aditus exornabat suorum ; Brut. 7 1 ^Jt: eis carminibus quae apud eum (Homerurri) canuntur ; De Or. 2. 34 quod carmen artificiosa verborum conclusione aptiust 3. 197 quorum (numerorum) summa vis carminibus est aptior et cantibus; Lucr. 5. 1444 carminibus cum res gestas celebrare poetae Coeperunt; 6. 937 in prima carmine (the beginning of); Verg. E. 5. 42 et tumulum facite, et tumulo super addite carmen; Carmenta — Cataracta. 407 etc., etc. 6. Poetry in general, song : (a) Hor. 2. Ep. 1. 138 carmine di superi placantur, carmine Manes; Quint, i. 8. 2 quia e{ carmen est et se poetae canere testantur ; 2. 8. 7 alius compositus ad carmen ; 10. 7. 19 non in prosa modo sed etiam in carmine. (b) Particularly of lyric poetry: Hor. 2. Ep. 2. 59 carmine tu gaudes, hie delectatur iambis; 91 carmina cornpono, hie elegos; Quint. 2. 4. 2 fabulam quae versatur in tragoediis atque carminibus (?). (For cas- men ; identical with Skt. gas-man = fans-man, a solemn or cere- monial utterance.) Carmenta, -ae, and Carmentis, -is, the name of a prophetess or female seer : Serv. A. 8. 336 idea Carmentis appellata est quia antiqui vates carmentes dicebantur; Li v. i. 7. 8 Carmentam quam fatiloquam ante Sibyllae adventum . . . habuerunt. From being (apparently) originally a prophetess, Carmenta became a goddess or nymph, the mother of Latinus : Verg. A. 8. 336 ; Ov. F. i. 620 ; and elsewhere in literature; e. g. Hygin. 277; Isid. Or. i. 4. There were two Carmentes : Varro ap. Gell. 16. i6- 6 ; Augustin. C. D. 4. 1 2 in illis deabus quae fata nascentibus canunt et vocantur Carmentes. Carmentarius, adj. from Carmentis : title of a scribe who took down the words of the Carmentes : Serv. A. 8. 336 carmentarios qui eorum (carmentium) dicti perscriberent nuncupates. Caro, -is, -ere, and carlo, to divide, especially of carding wool : Plant. Men. 797 R lanam carere ; see Varro L. L. 7. 54; Placidus p. 26 D ' carenatoribus' lanariis, quia ' cariunt,' id est carpunt vel dividunt. (Cas- in Sanskrit = to cut: see Grassmann s. v. in Lexicon to Rig- Veda ; car-po and fceip-o) are no doubt from the same root.) Casinia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 9. 3549 (Furfo). Casnasla, tiom. f. : C. I. L. 9. 3518 (Furfo). Perhaps con- nected with casnar, old. Cassabundus, verbal adj. from cassare, freq. of cado, often falling : Paul. p. 48 M; Placidus p. 24 D 'cassabundum' dubitantem, titubantem ; 29 ' cassabundo' titubanti; and often in glossaries. Naevius Com. quoted by Varro L. L. 7. 53 ; Macrob. S. 5. 21. 16. Cassesco, -is, to grow empty: restored by Haupt to Amm. 22. 13. 5 «/ vivi cassescerenf quidam. Catantiphrasis {KaTavTipains), in real Latin contrarietas, the characteristic of words whose derivation seems to contradict their meaning (as lucus a non lucendo): Cledonius pp. 18, 28 K sicut ■ Parcae ' a non parcendo. Cataracta, -ae, a dungeon : Itala ler. 20. 2 in cataractam, where Vulg. has nervutn (Ronsch S. B. p. 12). 4o8 Catax — Cavilla. C&tax, -acis, adj., lame : Paul. p. 45 M ' catax' claudus] Non. p. 25 ^ catax' dicitur quern nunc coxonem vacant; Gloss. Sajigall, p. 146 Warren, ' cadax' claudus a coxa ; so Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 149; Placidus p. 28 D ' catacium' claudorum (emend. Deuerling). Lucil. 2. ap. Non. I.e. hostibus contra Pestem permitiem- que, catax quam et Manlius nobis. Cat]i61ie6n (ko^oXikoV), in Grammar, a general rule : often in the grammarians, e.g. Charis. p. 51 K; so ib. p. 148 catholica ohservatio. Cattimis, or eattineus, or both, adj., belonging to a cat : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 oculi caesii, gattinei (if Mai may be trusted) ; Ps. Acr.. Hor. Epod. 16. 7 (jz' /. c.) ocuhrum colore caesio, i. e. cattino. Cattus, -i, and catta, -ae, subst. m. and f., a cat : Gloss. Cyrill. diKovpos felts, catta; Isid. Or. 12. 2. 38 musto appellatus quod muribus infestus sit. Hunc vulgus ' cattum ' a captura vocant : alii dicunt quod ' cattat,' id est videt : nam tanto acute cernit utfulgore luminis noctis tenebras superet; Palladius 4. 9. 4 contra talpas prodest cattos habere ; and elsewhere in Latin from the fourth century downwards. In Mart. 13. 69 Pannonicas nobis nunquam dedit Umbria cattas, the catta is mentioned among a number of birds fit for the table ; it is doubtful therefore whether it can mean the cat. By Script, de Idiom. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 576 catta is glossed as = Ixveijxaiv. Caudifico, apparently = to arrange, divide into parts : Cledonius Praef p. 9 K extende, curta, caudifica. (Perhaps from a lost word cauda^a, division : see under causa and tricodatus^ Carventia, /izma, laus honi: so Glossae Nom. p. 26 Lowe. I had corrected this gloss into cluentia (comp. the n. p. Cltientius) when I found that the same conjecture had occurred to Lowe. Caverna. 1. Specially as applied to ships, the ribs : Serv. A. 2. 19 alii ' cavernas' dicunt fustes curvos navium, quibus extrinsecus tabulae adfiguntur ; Gloss. Amplon. p. 287 ' cavernae' foramina, sive ligna, quae abintus navi cava fiunt. Cic. De Or. 3. 180 quid in navigiis tarn necessarium quam later a, quam cavernae, quam prora, quam puppis ? 2. The eye of a needle : Itala Marc. 10. 2^ per cavernam acus (Ronsch S. B. p. 13). Cavilla, -ae, subst. f , cavillum, -i, n., and cayilliis, -i, m. 1. Mockery, joking : Paul. p. 46 M 'cavillum' cavillatio, i.e. inrisio ; Placidus p. 27 D 'cavilla' cavillatio; so Papias. Plaut. Aul. 638 R aufer cavillam : non ego nunc nugas ago ; Apul. M. i. 7 cavillum (n.); Caula — Cei. 409 2. 19 cavillus hinc inde. 2. A sophism: Mart. Cap. 4. 423 quid cavilla saevius ? (It has been derived from cavus, hollow, unsub- stantial : I should prefer to connect it with caveo in the sense of to know, comp. Greek koHv and Skt. kav-is, a wise man or poet ; thus it would mean originally a bit of knowledge or wisdom, and then of cleverness, sharpness.) Caula, -ae, for eaviila or cavlla, subst. fem. dim. from cavus : Varro L.L. 5. 20 «/ a cavo cavea et caulae; Paul. p. 46 M caulae a cava dictae, antiquUus enim ante usum tectorum oves in antris claudebantur ; Gloss. Philox. caulae irepi^oKoi, iiAvbpm. 1. An enclosure or railing. (a) Of a temple or a tribunal: C. I. L. i. 202 ad aedem Saturni in pariete intra caulas (81 b. c.) ; 6. 460 (Rome) signum. Liberi, basim, caulas (emend, for causas) ; Macrob. S. i. 9. 16; Serv. A. 7. 610 caulae lani (the railings or enclosure of the temple of lanus). (b) Of a tribunal : Serv. A. 9. 60 unde et in sacris aedibus et in tribunalibus saepta quae turbas prohibent aulas (i. e. caulas^ vocamus; Gloss. Hild. C. 56 ^caulae' ubi sunt advocati. (e) Of a sheepfold : Charis. Exc. p. 549 K hae caulae iiavSpai ; Gloss. SangaU. p. 147 Warren, 'caula' mile. Verg. A. 9. 60 (lupus) cum fremit ad caulas, where Serv. explains it as = munimenta et saepta avium; Serv. A. 7. 662 caulam fecit ovibus. 2. Caulae mean- ing open railings or fencings can also be used as = openings : so in Lucr. often, e. g. 2. 951 ; 3. 707 ; 3. 255/e/- caulas corporis ; else- where he has caulae palati, caulae aetheris. Causa or caussa, in the sense 1. Of necessity : Itala lohann. 13. 10 causam habere ^-xpeiav ix'^"'j ^^'^ habet causam nisi pedes lavare; so Matth. 14. 16 non kabent causas ire. 2. Of a thing: (Italian and Spanish cosa); Dracont.Med. 352 stimulet quae cura medullas Et pellis causas; and elsewhere in late Latin (Ronsch S. B. p. 13). \Causa is well derived by Mr. Conway, Verner's Law in Italy, p. 72, from a lost verb caudo, to smite or cut, pre- served in the compounds ex-cudo, pro-cudo, etc. ; and would thus originally mean ' a thing decided,' res causa, or (as feminine abstract) a decision, like noxa from nec-o^ Cautinus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 93 (Brundisium). Cedere, in Law, of the date at which usus fructus or a legacy is entered upon : cedit dies, the time is reckoned, or proceeds, from a given point : cedens dies, the day from which the reckoning begins; Dig. 7. 3 throughout: 7. 4. i. 2. Cei, iudicatores : gloss in Gloss. Sang. p. 1 48 Warren, corrupt for Cviri = centum vtri. 4IO Cernulo — Cicindela. Cemulo = cernuo : add Gloss. Philox. cernulat Kv^uma. Cernulus. 1. Adj., head-foremost : Verg. A. lo. 894 ac- cording to Pal. corrected and Rom. ; Glossae Nominum p. 30 Lowe ' cernulus ' . . . ingeniosus, perversus ; Cyrill. Trkayios, obliquus, Emus, cernulus. Apul. M. 9. 38 super mensam cernulus corruens. 2. As subst. = a tumbler : Gloss. Philox. cernuli TrcTavpia-Tat. Cerii-fi.o, -as (cernuus). 1. To stand on one's head : Varro Vita P. R. ap. Non. p. 21 cernuabant. 2. To tumble head-foremost: Apul. M. i. 19 in flumen paene cernuat; Fronto Princ. Hist. p. 208 (Naber) eas eludere alto mart cernuantes. De- ponent form cernuor : Solin. 17. 7; 45. 13. 3. Trans., to bend forward : Prud. Symm. i. 350 cernuat ora senex. Cernuus. 1. Adj., bent forward : Non. p. 20 explains as = inclinatus; Lucil. quoted there, cernuus extemplo plantas convestit honestas ; Verg. A. 10. 894 ; Sil. 10. 255; Arnob. 7. 41 pronos et cer- nuos ruere; Prudent. Cath. 3. 149 cernua vipera; ib. 7. 43 ore cernuo. 2. As subst. = a tumbler : Lucil. 27. ap. Non. p. 21 tamquam collus cernui; Varro Ludi Theatrales ap. Serv. A. 10. 894. Cervonia, nom. f. : C. I. L. 6. 4536 (Rome, Mon. Marcellae) ; 9. 93 (Brundisium). Cesidius, Cesidia, nomina : C. L L. 6. 4538 (Rome, Mon. Marcellae). Cessorius, adj. (cedo), yielding: Gloss. Cyrill. eKxa>priTtK6s ces- sorius ; Glossae Nominum p. 30 LoWe cessiosus (i. e. cessorius) crebro dans locum. Chilotrum, Latin form of the Greek ^^''^■''""Wj ^ muzzle : Novius 35 chilotrum petit. (Glossae Nominum p. 31 Lowe give ' cilo', camus, capistrum, perhaps for chilotrum, as Lowe suggests.) Ciborium, -i, subst. n., an Egyptian plant with leaves similar to those of the colocasium or Egyptian bean ; also used of cups made in the shape of those leaves: Hor. 2. C, 7. 22 where Comm. Cruq. says ' ciboria ' sunt Alexandrina poma, quae habeant similia colocasiis folia ; in quorum similitudinem facta pocula eodem nomine appellantur ; (so Ps. Acron and Porph.) ; Comm. Cruq. adds 'ciboria' autem sunt vasa in quibus navigantes soliti sunt f err e sues cibos. Comp. Plin. 21. 87, who says of the leaves of the colocasia, ut implexis colocasiae foliis in variam speciem vasorum potare gratissimum habeant. Cieerarius, a seller of chick-pease : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 164. Cicindela, -ae, subst. f , in Gloss, Philox. cicindella ; a fire-fly ; Circumpedilis — Circumstantia. 41 1 Paul. p. 42 M ' cicindela ' getlus muscarum, quod noctu lucet, videlicet a candela ; Placidus p. 2 7 D ' cicindela', scarabaeorum genus, quod volans lucet; Isid. Or; 12. 8. 6 ' cicindela' genus scarabaeorum est, dicta quod gradiens vel volans lucet. Plin. 18. 250 lucentes vesper e per arva cicindelae; ita appellant rustici stellantes volatus, Graeci vero lampyridas. (Probably a reduplicated form of candela!) Circmnpedilis, adj., surrounding the feet : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 164. Cireumstantia, -ae, subst. f., abstr. from circumstans. 1. A standing around or surrounding ; of air and water, the quality which they have of surrounding a thing : Sen. N. Q. 2. 7. 2 quae sic corpora accipiant, ut semper in contrarium acceptis refluant. Hanc nostri circumstantiam, Graeci avrmfpia-raa-iv appellant, quae in aere quoqtte sicut in aqua fit; Cell. 3. 7. 5 (this may possibly be from Cato, but it may only be Gellius's paraphrase) exitium de loci importuni- tate et hostium cireumstantia maturum. 2. Conor., a surround- ing, i. e. a surrounding number or band : Tert. Or. 3 ilia angelorum cireumstantia nan cessat dicere. 3. Met., a surrounding, pre- sence, or environment: Gell. 14. i. 15 cireumstantia rerum nego^ tiorumque; 14. 2. 2 in ancipiti rationum diversarum cireumstantia ; Oros. I. 12. I in tanta malorum cireumstantia: 5. 15. 15 mortis ( = presence) ; 7. 38. 4 necessitatis ; Apol. 7. 8 in ilia cireumstantia. 4. In Rhet., determining condition, peculiar circumstances, surroundings, (in sing.) : = Greek nipta-Taais ; Quint. 5. 10. 104 Aoc genus argumentorum sane dicamus ex cir-- cumstantia, quia iiepicrTaaiv aliter dicere non possumus, vel ex iis quae cuiusque causae propria sunt; so in the late rhetoricians; e. g. Fortunatianus 2. p. 83 (Halm) nihil ab utroque ad probationem potest adferri deficiente cireumstantia (there being nothing specific in the case of any) ; Snip. Vict. 2 (p. 314 H.) definitarum persona-' rum cireumstantia; ib. 25 (p. 326 H.) personarum cireumstan- tia : genus, natura, aetas, disciplina, fortuna, studium, nomen, ante facta, habitus; Augustin. Rhet. 7 (p. 141 H.) cireumstantia rerum; lul. Vict, i (p. 374 H.) circumstantiae partes sunt septem hae : qui, quid, qtiando, ubi, cur, quemadmodum, quibus adminiculis; Sulp. Vict. 5 (p. 315 H.) incredibili cireumstantia, ut si centum praemia petat qui tyrannicidia fecit centum ; so Isid. Or. 2. 15. 2. 5. Of a person, condition: Tert. Bapt. 17 cireumstantia periclitantis. 6. In pi., circumstances, specific conditions : Serv. A. 2. 384 his circumstantiis ostendit, a paucis plures potuisse superari ; A. 3. 613 circumstantias omnes exsequitur. 41 a Cirrus — Civltas. loci, per sonae, iemporum; Fortunat. 2. i (p. 103 H.) quoi sunt circumstantiae ? Persona, res, tempus, locus, modus, materia. 7. Context : Professor J. E. B. Mayor quotes Augustine De Peccat. meritis i. 58 fin.; so = a passage, ^epmxri, Itala Act. S. 3 circumstantiam scripturae quam legehat (Ronsch S. B. p. 14). Cirrus (or cirra) in the sense of a fleece : Idiom. Cod. Harl. p. 492 cirra fidWos. Comp. Gloss. Philox. higerres ( = UcerriT) StiioKKot : and higerrica vestis, a garment of two fleeces, thick, woolly, Sulp. Sev. Dial, i (2). i. 8. Civis, -is, subst. m. and f. Nom. sing, cives in two late in- scriptions : C. I. L. 3. 966 (Dacia); 3337 (Pannonia). Abl. sing, civi Plant. Persa 475 R; see Prise, i. p. 344 K ' cive' vel ' civi' ; Cicero Verrinarum 2. (33) 'quod civis cum civi ageretl Sic enim veteres codices habent, quos imperifia quorundam corrupit mutantium scripturam. Prise, gives other instances from Cic. and indeed the abl. civi occurs several times in his writings. The S. C. de Bacanalibus (C. I. L. i. 196) spells ceivis. The Oscan form is ceus (Tab. Bantina 19). A citizen (i) (of a particular community), or (2) (as of one person in relation to another), a fellow-citizen. Passim in all Latin. 1. Tab. Bant. 19 ceus Bantinus (a citizen of Bantia) : C. I. L. i. 196 ceivis Romanus; Plant, Amph. 376 R Thehani cives ; Poen. 372 R civis Attica atque libera; Pers. 475 R auxi {rem publicam) civi femina; Enn. A. 174 cives Romani; Ten And. 221 civem Atticam; ib. 833 illam hinc civem esse aiunt; Eun. 858 virginem civem ; so Ad. 725 ; Cato Orat. p. 39 (Jordan) Camerini cives nostri; ib. p. 66 civis Romani) Sail. I. 89. 4 cives eius oppidi. 2. Plant. Trin. 100 R cives tui; Rud. 742 K cives tuas ; Cic. and Sail, have sm cives ; and so elsewhere often. 3. Wherever civis is used absolutely, it is always to be understood of some city or individual implied, as, e. g., a citizen of Rome, or a fellow-citizen of yours. [The word in its original meaning evidently implied association of some sort. It is a relative term, connoting partici- pation in the privileges of a society, or in the same home ( ?) as another individual. The etymology is uncertain. It is usually connected with Lith. k/ma-s, village : Greek Kw-fii; : Gothic Aei- in heiva-frauja, master of the house : Engl, hi- in hi-ne (hind). If the latter connexion be established, cl-vis must originally have meant the member of a household.] Civltas, -atis (civis\ 1. The state of a civis, citizenship : not apparently in Plant, at all, for in Persa 3. 3. pistrinorum civitas. Civitas. 413 the reading is almost certainly corrupt ; but in Cic, Caes., Liv. and the writers after them passim ; civitatem dare, reddere, adimere, civitate donare, and the like being constant phrases. (In late Latin civilitas is used in this sense, Ronsch S. B. p. 14.) 2. Civic or social feeling : Cic. Mur. 74 eUm (pralionem) civitas ipsa respuit ; ib. 7 7 ad rationem civitatis si derigas. 3. The body of citizens. In this sense it is sometimes used in connexions where it is nearly synonymous with the pi. cives ; Caecil. 213 in civitate fiunt f acinar a capitalia ; Pacuv. 53 Mat sollicita, studio obstupida, suspense animo civitas ; Cato ap. Peter Fragm. Hist. p. 59 de omni Tusculana civitate soli L. Mamilii h'eneficium gratum fuit \ Claud. Quadrig. ib. p. 205 id civitas graviter tulit; ib. p. 231 tota civitas eum reduxit ; ib. p. 209 tantum flagitium civitati accidere ; Sisenna ib. p. 288 cum variis voluntatibus incerta civitas trepidaret; Cic. Rep. i. 41 omnis civitas, quae est constitutio populi; Caes. G. i. 2 civitati persuasit ut . . . exirent; C. 3. 105 ut in muris armata civitas discurreret ; so often Cic, e.g. Phil. 8. 32 cuvi est in sagis civitas ; Sest. 68 huic . . . tota civitas ohviam . . . processerat ; 32 squalebat civitas ; elsewhere he uses the phrases restituere aliquem civitati, retinere in civitate, and the like ; Sail. I. 43. 4 civitas omnis adnitebatur ; 55. 2 senatus supplicia decernere, civitas laeta agere; C. 31. i permota civitas atque immutata urbis fades erat. 4. Society (the body of citizens) : distinguished from res publica, which means state or empire : Sail. C. 5. 9 res ipsa hortari videtur, quoniam de moribus civitatis tempus admonuit, supra repetere, ac paucis instituta maiorum, quo mode rem publicam habuerint, disse- rere ; 53. ^postquam luxu atque desidia civitas (society) corrupta est, rursus res publica (the empire) magnitudine sua imperatorum atque magistratuum vitia sustentabat ; 10. 6 ubi contagio quasi pestilentia invasit, civitas immutata, imperium ex iustissimo atque Optimo crudele intolerandumque factum ; Sen. Ep. 88. 5 Epicureum laudantem statum quietae civitatis; Quint. Decl. 265, p. 81 Ritter ne rei publicae quidem et civitatis nomine avari sumus ; Inst. Or. 10. i. 107 fortasse illi epilogos mos civitatis abstulerit; Plin. Ep. i. 14. 9 cum publicos mores atque etiam leges civitatis intuear, quae vel in primis census hominum spectandos arbitrantur. 5. A community : Sail. C. 51. 5 Rhodiorum civitas magna atque magnifica; H. 2. 26 Tartessum, Hispaniae civitatem ; I. 42. 5 fife civitatis moribus si . . . singulatim parem disserere; so elsewhere; C. 14. i in tanta tamque corrupta civitate; Caes. G. 5. 3 haec civitas (viz. the Treveri) ; C. 3. 31 civitatibus tyrannisque magnas imperaverat 414 Civito — CoUtitulento. pecunias ; 3. 1 1 orae rnaritimae civitates, and so elsewhere ; and in Cic. passim, e. g, civitas Syracumnorum, Mamertinorum, etc, And in all Latin. 6. It is only in later Latin (Amm. etc) that (ivitas is used as synonymous with urhs^, CiTito, -as, to make a citizen : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nomi- num p. 164; Gloss. Hild. C 93. Claudaster, a lame person: Glossae Nominum p. 32 Lowe * daudaster' claudus. Clivis, -e, steep, difficult: Glossae Nominum p. 32 Lowe ' dive ' diffinle. Cliiis, or eluus, renowned : a gloss quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 364 has ' duvior ' nobilior. Cluo, -IS, or elueo, -es (?), to purge, clean : Plin. 15. 119 'cluere' enim antiqui pur gar e dicebant; the same words are repeated by Serv. A. i. 720, but the word is there given as doare. As both Plin. and Serv. give this word as the origin of Clufidna Venus, it seems almost certain that in Paul, p, 55 we should read ' doacae' a ' duendo ' dictae, not cdl^endo. Cluo, -as, to make famous: Gloss. Epiijal. 7. C. i. Coclonatdr = cotio (q. v.) Gloss. Cyrill. Coctilarius, a maker of bricks (codilis) : Gloss. Philox. coadi- larius (read codi-) ■miKonoios. Coetura, -ae, a dish: Itala Ezech, 45. 24; and elsewhere in late Latin (Ronsch S. B. p. 15). Coeptio, -onis (coepi), a beginning ; so as 1. 1. of Grammar, the inceptive form of verbs ; -Charis. p. 167 K cum {verba) in coeptionem. transierunt, ut ' pallesdt, pallet! Cogltatlo, in the sense of care, anxiety: Apul. M. 10. 22 vacuas fuisse cogitationes meas; Int. Iren. 4. 26. 3 cogitationihus saecularibus (Ronsch S. B. p. 16). C6Mtaentia, -ae, restraint : Gloss. Philox. cohibentia a-woxfi. CoUativTis (conl-). As t. t. of Grammar, susceptible of com- parison: Charis. p. 189 K 'conlatia' sunt adverbia . . . propius proxime (i. e. conlativa : Keil reads conlatd). Collectio, in concrete sense, a gathering, assemblage: Itala Hebr. 10. 25 non deserentes colledionem nostram; Int. Iren. 4. 34. 4 tusti generis humanam colledionem (Ronsch S. B. p. 16). CoUic-iilris, -i, a little hill: Apul. Flor. i. 5; Serv. A. 6. 783. Collutulento, -as, to befoul : opp. to honestare : Plaut. Trin. 693 haec famigeratio Te honestet, me conlutulentet. {Conlutulentet, Colorate — Compars. 41 5 conjectured by Bergk, is undoubtedly right, and indicated by the MSS. reading and that of Nonius p. 84 conlutulet et.) C61orate (coloro), in a literary sense = with the view of setting off the subject; Quint. Decl. 285 (p. 150 Ritter) ; Serv. A. 3. 256 colorate tangit historiam. Cdloratdr, a dyer : C. I. L. 6. 3953 colorator Liviae Augustae. Cdliimis, or eSldmis, safe : Gloss. Hild. C. 163 ' colomis' salvus : so other glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 277 ; Isid. Or. 10. 55. Columem te sistere is now read by SchoU in Plaut. Trin. 743, where A has incolumen, but B, C, D, F, Z columen. C61uninatio, a colonnade (= mpiaruXov) : Itala Ezech, 42. 5 (Ronsch S. B. p. 16). CSlumnatum, = foreg. : Itala Ezech. 40. 17. 18 (Ronsch S. B, p. 16). Cdmeatura. (comedo) = lust: Matth. 6. 19 (Old Latin Biblical Texts, p. 32). Commemdratio = tradition: Cypr. Epist. 12. 2 ui commemora^ (tQttes eorum (moriuorum) inter memorias martyrum celehrare pos- simus; Itala 2 Tim. i. 5 (cod. Clarom.) commemorationem accipiens eius quae in te est fidei (Ronsch I. V. p. 308, S. B. p. 16). Commissio, in the sense of a whispered secret, so a slander : Itala Sirac. 19. 15 corripe amicum, saepe enim fit commissio (Ronsch S. B. p. 16). Commotio, a whirlwind (= crvatriurfioi) : Itala 4 Reg. 2. i dum levaret dominus Heliam in commotion? ; al. Ital. (Ronsch S. B. p. 17), Com.munieati6, in the sense of intercourse : Muscionis Gynaec, Sorani, ed. Val. Rose 2. c. 13. p. 73 id quod in communicatione viri ad conceptum matrix acceperat, and elsewhere in the same work : Ronsch S. B. p. 17. Commutatio = 1. A thing given in exchange {ovtclK- \ayiia): Itala Matth. 16. 26 quam dabit commutationem homo; so Marc. 8. 37. 2. A contract, agreement : Itala Is. 58, 6 dissolve obligationes violentarum commutationum ; Ambros. De Nabuthe 10, De Helia 10, De Bono Mort. 3 (Ronsch S. B. p. 17). Compar = a wife: Inscr. Christ. Urbis Romae i. 107 (349 A. D.) ; al. inscr. Christ. (Ronsch S. B. p. 20). Comparatio = harmony, concert : Vulg. Sirac. 32. 7 compar atio musicorum in convivio vini (Ronsch S. B. p. 1 7). Comparletieus, adj., owning the same wall : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' conparietici' consorfes unius parietis. Compars, -tis, adj., sharing in: Gloss. Hild. ' conpar tern' parti- 41*5 Compatriota — Conciliabulum. cipem : ' pariicipem' compartem, consortem. (Is this the same gloss as that given by Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' conpotem ' conpossessoretn ?) Compatriota, -ae, a compatriot : Gloss. Cyrill. cru^7roXiTi;i com- patriota, concivis; comp. Glossae Nominum p. 35 Lowe. Compauper, a brother in poverty: Ps. Acron Hor. i. S. 8. 9 conservus, conpauper. Compensativus. In Rhet., compensativa qualitas is the 1. 1, for the plea. Fed, sed profui; admitting, but justifying the act : Victorin. p. 191 ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 191. Compensativa defensio, Schol. Bob. p. 267 Orelli. Cicero uses the word comparativus in this sense. Compfisitio, in the sense of adornment (ko'ct/jos) = the classical comptus: Tert. Cult. Fem. 9 init. ; Vulg. Judith 10. 4 (Ronsch 1. V. p. 309, S. B. p. 17). Compunctio, in the sense of stupor, drowsiness (KaTam^ts) : Itala Is. 29. 10 quoniam potionavit vos dominus spiritum conpunctionis (Vulg. has soporis). Concha, in the sense of a dish : Itala loh. 19. 29 concha . . . aceto plena; Schol. luv. 3. 277 as interpretation oi pelvis (Ronsch S. B. p. 18). Conciliabiiluni, -i, subst. n. from concilia. 1. A place of meeting: Paul. p. 38 M 'conciliabulum' locus ubi in concilium con- venitur. Comically in Plant. Trin. 313 ubi esset damni concilia- bulum ; Bacch. 80 R w/ solet in istis fieri conciliabulis ; Tert. Spect. 8 ista conciliabula spectaculorum ; and so elsewhere in later Latin. 2. As 1. 1. of law and politics, the place where the inhabitants of a district met together for public purposes, as for deciding lawsuits and the like. Mommsen thinks conciliabulum was a general ex- pression for the local centre of any settlement : Beloch, that it meant the meeting-place of a district (die Dingstatte eines Gaus). Isid. Or. 15. 2. 14 says that pagi v/ ere also called conciliabula; Lex Rep. C. I. L. I. 198. 31 (123 or 122 b. c.) in oppedeis foreis concilia- buleis ubei iure dicundo praeesse solent; and the Lex Rubria more than once YiSt-i, forum vicum conciliabulum castellum; Liv. 7. 15. 13 hominum ambitionem qui nundinas et conciliabula obire soliti erant; 25. 5. 6 qui in pagis forisque et conciliabulis omnem copiam ingenu- orum inspicerent; 34. i. 6 ex oppidis conciliabulisque conveniebant; 34. 56. 2 Ligurum . . . coniuratione per omnia conciliabula universae gentis facta; 39. 14. 7 per omnia for a et conciliabula conquiri; 4°- 37- 3 P^i^ omnia fora conciliabulaque edixerunt; 43. 14. 10 litterisque censorum per fora et conciliabula dimissis; Tac. A. 3. 40 Concinnis — Conditio. 41 7 per conciliahula et coetus seditiosa disserebanf. 3. Generally = a village, hamlet: Itala Levit. 25. 31 domos autem quae sunt in conciliabulis, quibus muri non sunt in circuitu; Gloss. Cyrill. Ka/wwokis oppidum, conciliabulum (Ronsch S. B. p. 18). Concinnis, -e, pretty, neat: Gloss. Epinal. 8. E. 14 ^concinnis' subtilis; so Gloss. Hild. C. 223. Apul. M. 5. 20 concinnem lucernam. Concipiilo, -as, to cut to pieces : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 'con- cipulabo' concidam minutatim: ' concipulassent' minutim concidissent (spelt in MSS. of Plant., Paul., and Apul. concipilo) ; Naevius ap. Paul, p. 62 M concipulavistii^wiXxis, explains = corripuisH, and involasti). But in Plant. True. 621 R qtiem ego iam iam concipulabo it evidently means ' cut in pieces.' In Apul. Apol. 96 an invasisse me domum Pudentillae et concipilare bona eius tu magis dolere debes, etc., it apparently means to seize upon. (Lowe P. G. p. 278 derives it from con and capulo, which is glossed as = minutatim concidere. In any case the word seems to have had two meanings, to cut in pieces and to seize. Perhaps the same was the case with capulo^ Conclasso, -as, glossed as = adiungere classem : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 and 7. Concubxttm = fo«f«&'/«j : Sulp. Sev. i. 11. i (Ronsch S. B. p. 18, who quotes glosses supporting the word). ConcunctatSr, concunctatus est, glossed as = dubitator, dubi- tavit: Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6. Conciirialis, of the same curia: C. I. L. 9. 1681 (Beneventum). Conditio {condere), creation or foundation : abstr. and concr. : Commodian. Apol. 121 sic Deus omnipotens, dominus suae condi- tionis ; Tert. Marc. i. 15 pr. cum dixeris esse et illi (creatori) condi- ' tionem suam etsuum mundum et suum caelum ; ib. 16 p.m. conditionis universitas ; Apol. 19 pr. (Cod. Fuld.) Moyses qui mundi conditionem et generis humani pullulationem exorsus est; Victorinus Tractatus De Fabrica Mundi pr. (Cave Hist. Lit. Basil. 1741, i. 140) in libra Mosis quam de conditione ipsius [mundi] scripsit; Iren. 3. 6. i dominium . . . omnis conditionis; ib. 5. 18. i and 2; Augustin. de Gen. ad litt. 4. 43 illi tres dies qui ante conditionem istorum lumi- narium commemorati sunt \ Id. Tract, in Is. ep. i. 4 quantum con- ditor a conditione; Civ. D. i. 12 (i. 22. 24 Dombart) curatio funeris, conditio sepulturae; Hieron. comm. in Eph. i. 4 (7. 548b ed. Ven. 1769) non conditionem, non creaturam atque facturam, sed KaTa^oXrjv; ib. 2. lo (5786) 4. 23-4 (626 fin.) ; Oros. 2. 2 usque ad conditionem urbis; ib. 7. 20 millesimus a conditione Romae annus E e 4i8 Conditura — Conflatio. impleius est; ib. 43; Phoebad. c. Arian. i ad hanc tradatus con- ditionem necessitate descendimus ; Hilar, in Ps. 53. 12 (4. 344bMigne) quamquam passio ilia non fuit conditionis et generis ; ib. 68. 25. 486*) ; Itala lac. i. 18 a/ sinius primities conditionum eius. (J. E, B. Mayor, in Cambridge University Reporter May 20, 1879; Ronsch I. V. p. 309, S. B. p. 18.) Conditura {condire), sauce : Anthim. c. 28 ut elixae bene sint {perdices) in aqua pura sine ulla conditura (Ronsch S. B. p. 18). Confectio, a composition or compound of various ingredients : Anthim. c. 57 semen de cucumere in aliquibus confectionilus pro renium vitiis iusserunt auctores mitti; ib. c. 89 (Ronsch S. B. p. 19). Conflctura, -ae {confingo, or perhaps configo), a manufacture : Tart. Idol. 8 confictura idoli. Configo, -Is, -ere, -fixi, -fixum, but confictura Aemilius Scaurus (Peter Histor. Rom. Rell. p. 185). 1. To fasten together: Cato R. R. 21. 3 eas inter se configito; Caes. G. 3. 13 transtra pedalihus in altitudinem trabibus confixa clavis ferreis ; Script. Bell. Alex. 2 alias ambulatorias lotidem tabulatorum con- fixerant; Vitruv. lo. 14. 6 in altera loculo cum eo confixo; ro. 11. 3 transversaria confixa; 10. 21. 7 ^^ tahulis arcam compactam atque confixam ; Placidus p. 9 D 'arceram' in arcae modum confixum munitumque plaustrum. 2. To fix firmly : Fest. p. 256 M palum . . . quern configi in litore navis religandae causa. 3. To pierce all over, as with nails, arrows, etc. With ace. of thing and abl. of thing with which; the latter sometimes omitted or left to be understood: Enn. A. 432 configunt parmam; 491 tonsillas rapiunt, configunt litus; Afran. 345 uhi confixus desides; Aemilius Scaurus (Peter Hist. Rell. p. 185) sagiitis confictus; Ace. 539 con- figit tardus celeres, stans volatiles ; Script. Bell. Afr. 59 «/ exer- citum . . . configeret (cut to pieces) ; Bell. Al. 40 in ipso transitu fossae confixa ei oppressa est; so often in Verg., Tac, etc.; Col. 7. 3. 5 robustam tabulam aculeis configunt; luv. 6. 173 ipsam configite matrem. Met., Cic. Mur. 3g qui cornicum oculos confixerit; Har. Resp. 8 ducentis confixum senati consultis; Phil. 12. 18 eius sententiis confixum Antonium. (In Lucil. Inc. 67 Nuculam an confixum vis facere, inquit, the allusion has not been cleared up.) Confixio {configo^, a setting up, completing ; Itala 3 Esdr. 5. SI egerunt diemfestum confixionis tabernaculi (Ronsch S. B. p. 19). Conflatio (= x'<>''f""f), a casting in metal: Itala Exod. 39. 4. in conflationem capitum tabernaculi (Ronsch S. B. p. 19; the refer- ■ence should be to Exod. 38. 27). Conflictus — Coniveo. 419 ConflietTis, -us iconfltgo). 1. A dashing together: Cic. Caec. 43 conflictu corporum (in battle); N. D. 2. 25 lapidum con- flictu atque tritu ; De Div. 2. 44 nuhium conflictu. Met., a collision : Gell. 7. 2. 8 etiamsi nulla fatalis incommodi conflictu urgeatur. 2. A conflict, contest: Schol. Veron. Verg. A. i. 260 in conflictu. bellico . . . nusquam comparuit; Capitolin. Macrin. 8. 2 conflictu habito contra Parthos ; Albin. 9. i ; Trebellius Pollio Gallien. 4. 2 ; Trig. Tyr. 11. 4; Vopisc. Carin. 10 hahitis conflictibus ; and else- where in late Latin. (See Paucker, De Latinitate Scriptorum Historiae Augustae p. 138.) 3. Specially of a dispute, dis- cussion: Victor Vitens. Hist. Pers. 2. §§ 39, 53, 55; 3. 5, 6, 7, 16 (Ronsch S. B. p. 19). Confractura, -ae, [con/ringo), a hollow or depression : Glossary in the Phillips library 4626 lamae sunt confracturae viarum (R.Ellis). Conf&sio, in the sense of shame, ignominy : often in Itala (see Ronsch I. V. p. 309, S. B. p. 19). Congeliiit, glossed as = induravit : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6. Coniero = coniuro : Gloss. Hild. (comp. peiero, deiero). Coniveo, -es, -ere, and -Is, -ere; perf. conivi and conixi: Prise. I. pp. 478-9 K. Conivi is given as the right form by Probus Cath. p. 35 K. The word is also spelt cogniveo in a gloss quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 354, which may be right (see remarks at the end of the article). 1. Trans., to close, of the eyes: Ninnius Crassus ap. Prise, i. p. 478 K nam non conivi oculos ego deinde sopore. 2. Of persons, to close the eyes : Plaut. Most. 817 L ut conivent volui dicere; Turpil. ap. Prise, i. p. 478 K duvi ego conixi somno ; Lucr. g. 778 cum quasi conivent et aperto lumine rursum Omnia convisunt . . . luce; Cic. Gael. 4r (met.) quibus sopita virtus coniveret inter dum; Tusc. r. 117 coniventem somno consopiri sempiterno; N. D. 3. 8 cur te duobus contuear oculis ac non altera coniveam; VYm. 11. 14/^ nisi cum coniveret ; Quint. 10. ^.i6 pleraque nisi coniveamus, in oculos incurrunt; Tac. A. 16. 5 tamquam somno coniveret; Apul. M. 10. r7 oculis alterna conivens; Gell. 13. 27. 4 animus . . . viri prudentis in sollicitis nunquam conivens. Met., Gell. 2. 2. 9 iura patrum . . . inter dum interquiescere et conivere Solent. 3. Of the eyes themselves, to be closed: Calvus ap. Prise. I. p. 479 cum gravis ingenti conivere pupula somno; Cic. Har. Resp. 38 coniventes illos oculos abavi tui; N. D. 2. 143 oculis somno caniventibus ; Plin. 11. 144; and elsewhere in Latin. 4. Of other parts of the body: Gell. 16. 3. 3 cava ventris . . . contra- huntur et conivent. 5. Of lines approaching each other at E e 2 4ao Conquassatio — Conscientia. regular intervals: Apul. De Deo Socr. io6 H neque coniventibus ad regulam Ihuis. 6. Met., of persons, to shut the eyes, profess ignorance : Cic. Flacc. 25 omnes boni comvendum esse arbitrarentur ; Har. Resp. 52 in tot tantisque sceleribus conivebant; Pis. w ne coni- vente quidem te; Phil. i. 18 quibusdam etiam in rebus coniveo; Gael. 59 pro di immortaks, cur interdum in hominum sceleribus maximis . . . conivetis ? Pers. 6. 50 vae nisi conives. 1. Met., to allow, of an argument: Oros. 5. i. 2 coniveo, ut quemadmodum volunt ita fuisse videatur ; 4. Praef. 6 nan tamen coniveo ut etiam adserant comparando graviora. (The perf. conixi from conivo shows that the base was nic-. If the spelling cogniveo be correct, the simple verb would be gnicveo, genicveo, from gena, an eyelid.) Conq.uassatio, crushing of a limb: Cass. Fel. c. 51. p. 132. 6 (Ronsch S. B. p. 20). Conquisitio, strife, dispute (aufijTijo-is) : Itala and Vulg. Act. 15. 7 (Ronsch S. B. p. 20). So conqutsitor, a disputer : Itala and Vulg. I Cor. I. 20, and elsewhere Eccl. (Ronsch S. B. p. 20). Consaeptum = a sacred enclosure, so a temple : Itala 2 Mach. 14. 33 (Ronsch S. B. p. 20). Consclentla, -ae, subst. f., abstr. from consciens, part, of conscire. 1. Joint knowledge, with gen. of the fact known : Sail. I. 35. 4 eorum alium conscientia, alium mala fama et timer impediehat; Cic. Cluent. 56 conscientias eius modi facinorum; Verr. 5. 183 ad quos conscientiae contagio pertinebat; Gael. 52 eodem se conscientiae scelere devinxit; 23 suspicio conscientiae; Verr. 2. 177 obligentur . . . com- rnuni inter se conscientia; Fin. i. 51 hominum conscientiam ; and so constantly in all Latin from the Ciceronian age downwards. In Quint. 6. Pr. 10 {in/elix conscientia), the word apparently means the sympathetic community of studies between Quintilian and his son. 2. With animi or mentis, the knowledge of a person's mind that he has performed a given act or acts, in a good or a bad sense ac- cording to the context: Cic. Clu. 159 maximi . . . aestimare con- scientiam mentis suae, quam ab dis inmortalibus accepimus, quae a nobis divelli non potest, quae si . . . optimorum consiliorum . . . testis . . . nobis erit, etc.; Rose. Am. 67 malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi; Publil. Syrus C 16 conscientia animi; H 25 heu quam est servitute gravior animi conscientia ; O 8 -a) in Greek. Cordius, nom. m.: C. I. L. 9. i (Leuca). Corfldius, Corfidia, nomina: C. I. L. 9. 102 (Brundisium) ; 48 1 1 (Forum Novum). CSriarius, a tanner : Glossae Nominum p. 33 Lowe ' coriarius ' confector coriorum. C6ridlum, dim. of corium, a little bit of leather : Fest. p. 205 M s. v. offendices. Cornupeta, -ae, subst. m., a cow or bull that uses its horns : Comm. Cruq. Hor. i. S. 4. 34 bove cornupeta; Gloss. Hild., Vulg., and late Latin. Cornuta, -ae = KepdaTrjs, a basilisk: Itala Prov. 23. 32 tamquam a cornuta diffunditur illi venenum (Ronsch S. B. p. 21). Corpore (for corpori) custos, a body-guard : C. I. L. 6. 4340, 4342, 4343 (Rome, Ex Monumentis Liberorum Drusi, early first century a.d.). Correptio, in the sense of punishment, correction [vovBeo-la) : Tert. Praescr. Haer. 6 post primam correptionem ; Ronsch S. B. p. 21, who quotes other instances from Cyprian, Jerome, and Eugippius; Corruptus, in Grammar. 1. Of a mutilated or imperfect word, such as (according to the ancient theory) -volus in malevolus : Quint. I. 5. 68. So oi -lis, the termination of talis, and -car the termination of calcar, Prob. Inst. p. 53 K, where it is opposed to integer. 2. Of an irregular part of speech: as a verb, Charis. p. 259 foil. K; Diom. p. 360 foil.; or a pronoun, Cledon. p. 52 K. The phrase corrumpere regulam occurs Charis. p. 116 K. Cotiatrix (or better coc-), glossed as = utra^XriTiKri, Gloss. Philox. (The MSS. give cociatri.) Ootid, -onis, or cocio, subst. m., a petty trader, one intent on small gains : Paul. p. 20 arillator coctio (?), qui etiam cocio appel- latur; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 285 'cocio' arillator; Gloss. Cyrill. lieraTTpdTrjs cocio ; Glossae Nominum p. 33 Lowe, cocio com- ponens et vindens, Laberius ap. Gell. 16. 7. 12; Petron. 14, 15; Porphyr. Hor. 2. S. 3. 25 omnes enim cociones lucro student ; Placidus 424 Covinna — Crimen. p. 1 1 D arilla, cotione panniculario. (Perhaps to be read in Plaut. Asin. 203 R nihili cotio est.) C6vinna, -ae, and cdvinnus, subst. f. and m., a scythe-bearing war-chariot in use among the Gauls : Mela 3. 6. 5 (p. 74 Parth.) currtbus gallice armati ; covinnos vacant, quorum falcatis axibus utuntur; Lucan i. 426; Mart. 12. 24. i; Sil. 17. 417. (The form covinnus is found in the above passages. Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 gives '■ convinna' vehiculi genus \ some MSS. of Mela I. c. give corvinnos, curvinnos, convinos; Schol. Lucan 1. c. give quo- venni, quovenna, and convinni. There seems, then, sufficient evidence to justify us in inferring that the forms convinna and convinnus really existed, in spite of the fact that the poets shortened the first syllable.) Goxosus, suffering from sciatica: Glossae Nominum p. 33 Lowe, ' coxosus ' sciaticus. Crassus, of pronunciation, indistinct: Consent, p. 394 K ita crasse, ut nan discernas quid dicant. Cratella, -ae, subst. f., dim. of cratis, a wooden pack-saddle : Scriptor de Idiom. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. vol. 4. p. 581 cratella ^uKoK.av6T)Kiov. Crepaciila, -ae (crepo), a rattle : -Gloss. Epinal. p. 8 A. 20 ' crepacula ' claedur : id est tabula qua a segetibus territantur aves. Crep6r, -oris {crepo), a sound : Gloss, ap. Mai Ci. Auct. 6 and 7 ' crepor ' sonus. Crescentia, -ae, youth: C. I. L. 9. ^gze^Jlorae crescentiae eius. Crimen, with gen. or dat. or an equivalent adj., in the sense of a reproach to a person: Verg. A. 10. 188 olorinae ... pinnae, Crimen, Amor, vestrum (a reproach to you and Venus); Sen. Contr. 2. 12. I (of an illegitimate child) accede huc,puer, depositum, crimen meum; 9. 24. 4 alligatus iacebat {Miltia.des), crimen ingratae civitatis; Prop. i. 11. 30 a pereant Baiae crimen amoris aquae; 2. 28. 2 (to Jupiter) tarn formosa tuum mortua crimen erit; Ov. M. 8. 239 unica turn valuer is, nee facta prioribus annis, Factaque nuper avis, longum tibi, Daedale, crimen; Am. 2. 11. 35 vestrum crimen erit talis iactura puellae, Nereidesque deae Nereidumque pater ; 2. 17. 25 non tibi crimen ero, nee quo laetere remato; 3. 7. 4 pigra crimen anusque toro; Her. 15. 180 ne sim Leucadiae mortua crimen aquae; Lucan 2. 288 crimen erit superis et me fecisse no- centem ; 5. 59 Fortunae, Ptolemaee, pudor crimenque deorum ; 7. 112 Pompei nee crimen erit nee gloria bellum; 398 crimen civile videmus Tot vacuas urbes (a reproach to the citizens) ; 551 hie furor, hie Crispius — Culliolum. 4^5 rabies, hie sunt tua crimina, Caesar; lo. 342 procul hoc avertite, fata. Crimen ut haec Bruto cervix absente seceiur ; Sil. 3. ^20 nomen Bebrycia duxere a virgine colles, Hospitis Alcidae crimen; Stat. Achill. 2. 331 indecores,/atorum crimina, cultus; Mart. 2. 65. 3 O grandefati crimen, gravem casum. Crispius, Crispla, nomina : C. I. L. 9. 103 (Brundisium) ; 151 5 (Pagus Veianus), al. inscr. Clibiciilum = a bed : Itala Prov. 7. 7, and elsewhere in Itala and Vulg. ; Ronsch S. B. p. 22. Cudis, f., an anvil : Exc. Charis. p. 552 K cudis &Kfi.ii>v. Culilla, Ciilillus (so it is spelt in many good manuscripts, e. g. the Queen's Coll. MS. of Horace, first, hand, and in the scholia of Ps. Acron and Porphyrio), subst. f. or m., an earthenware vessel with handles : Ps. Acron Hor. i. C. 31. 11 proprie culilli calices dicuntur fictiles, quibus pontifices et virgines Vestales utebantur : hie autem pro urceolis et conchis posuit; Comm. Cruq. ib. says they were pocula manicata, i.q. scyphi; Porph. reads culillae. Hor. i. C. 31. 11; A. P. 434. (The word is sometimes written cululus, some- times culillus, more rarely culullus ; cululus may, of course, be a mere corruption for culillus. Culillus should be a dim. from a lost word cuius, which would be formed from the same bases as cal-ix, oc-culo; comp. the Greek kvKi^. Culullus might be defended on the analogy of Catullus and Fabullus.) CiUina, -ae, or colina {culio or colio). The latter form is found in Nonius p. 55, according to the second reading of the Harleian MS.; in Serv. A. 3. 134; and in Gloss. Hild. 'colina' coquina. 1. A kitchen, place for cooking: Plant. True. 615 R; Most. i. i. I ; Varro R. R. i. 13. 2 ; De Vita P. R. i. ap. Non. p. 55 in postica parte erat colina : dicta ab eo quod ibi colebant {culiebant'i) ignem; Cic. Fam. 15. 18. i; Ps. Verg. Catal. 5. 27, and elsewhere in Latin, e. g. Vitruv. 6. 9. i. 2. The place where food was burnt at funerals : Paul. p. 65 ' culina ' vocatur locus in quo epulae in/unere comburuntur. 3. A portable stove: Sen. Ep. 78. 23 cenam sequttur culina; luv. 3. 250. 4. = latrina: Gloss. Philox. culina artoTTaros : Cyrill. dtfieSpav culina ; Philox. culina \ovTpitv (= latrina); Non. p. 55 (Ronsch S. B. p. 22). Culio, -ire, to cover (?) or to heat (?) : Comm. Cruq. Hor. i. S. 5. 38 ' culina ' autem dicta est quasi ' colifia,' quia ibi Lares colantur, vel quod carbones ' culiat ' ; Ps. Acr. ib. ' culina ' coquina, quod culiat carbones. CuUifilum, -i, subst. n. dim. from culleus, properly a little bag : 426 Cultellarius — Currax. used of the green shell or covering of the walnut : Paul. p. 50 M nucum iuglandium viridia putamina. (As the same explanation is given o{ gullioca Paul. p. 98, it is probable lha.t gulk'oca is merely a corruption of culh'ola. Lowe P. G. p. 298 foil, would, however, prefer reading callicula, dim. of callus, for gullioca.) Cultellarius, a cutler: Glossae Nominum p. 38 Lowe 'cultel- larius' cuUellorum opifex. Cultura, in the sense of religious honour, service (Xar/jeia) : Itala loh. 16. 2 ut omnis . . . putet se culturam Deo adferre. The Vulg. has obsequium. (Ronsch S. B. p. 22, where other instances from late Latin are given.) Cumera, -ae, and cumerus or cumerum, -i. 1. A large wicker basket used for storing corn: Porphyr. Hor. i. Epist. 7. 30 ' cumera ' vasis frumentarii genus facium ex vimine ad modum obductum; Ps. Acr. Hor. i. S. i. 53 cumeram dicimus vas ingens vimineum in quo frumenta conduntur . . . sive cumerae dicuniur vasa fie t ilia similia doliis, ubi frumentum suum reponebant agricolae ; Paul. p. 50 M ' cumerarum ' quae fiunt palmeae vel sparteae ad usuni popularem. Hor. i. S. i. 53; i. Epist. 7. 30. 2. A smaller kind of vessel : Ps. Acron. 1. c. tertio dicuniur cumerae vasa minora, quae capiunt quinque ad sex modios, quae lingua Sabinorum trimodia vocantur. 3. A covered vessel carried in marriage cere- monies: Varro L. L. 7. 34 qui cumerum fert ; Paul. p. 63 M. Cumulter, an abbreviation = cum altera ego, I and another : Paul. p. 50 M. (So the manuscripts according to v. Ponor ; not cum alter, as the editions give it.) Cuprum, -i, copper: so spelt Edict. Diocl. 7- 25; Porph. Hor. I. C. I. 13; Comm. Cruq. Hor. i. S. 5. 36 cmn ex cupro esset. In Solin. 52. 55 Mommsen reads cyprum, and so Peter in Lamprid. Carac. 9. 5. Curiositas, -atis {curiosus). 1. Curiosity, love of know- ledge or information: Cic. Att. 2. 12. 2 sum in curiositate o^lm^ivos; Apul. M. I. 12; Spartian. Pesc. Nig. 8. 3; Vopiscus Aurelian 10. r ; Macrob. S. i. 11. 45 ; Augustin. C. D. 5. 26 init. in pL, non est lapsus ad curiositates sacrilegas atque inlicitas; Oros. i. 10. 17. With gen. of thing about which : Ti. Donatus on Aen. 2. 57 curiosi- tate illius captivi. 2. Concr., a curious art, a magic art : Itala Act. 19. 19 ex eis qui curiositates gesserunt, the Vulg. having quifuerant curiosa sectati (Ronsch S. B. p. 22). Currax, glossed as = velox : Glossae Nominum p. 38 Lowe. Cur Sim — D. 437 Cursini, shortly, of pronunciation, opp. to tractim : Cledon. pp. 3i>52 K. Curtio, glossed as = vipera ; Glossae Nominum p. 38 Lowe. Cusplus, nom. m.: C. I. L. 9. 104 (Brundisium)j and other inscr. Cycllcus, adj. (kukXikos). 1. Hor. A. P. 137 nee sic incipies ut scriptor cyclicus olim. The scholiasts offer the following ex- planations : (i) one of the cyclic poets, i.e. a poet who took his material from the cycle of Trojan legend, the reference being to Antimachus of Colophon, the author of a Thebaid ; (2) a poet who cannot vary his arrangement ; (3) a wandering poet, quasi circum- foraneus : cyclici dicuntur poetae qui civitates circumeunt recitantes. Isid. Or. 6. 17. 4 supports the second interpretation, saying of cyclus that it is used of a series of events in orbem digestum sine ulla varietate et sine ulla arte, unde (he Q.on&a\K&) factum est ut cuiusque materiae carmina simplici formitate facta cyclica vocentur. Scriptor cyclicus would then mean a dull, conventional poet, who could not vary his treatment. And this view is supported by Mr. D. B. Monro's explanation of kukAikJs in \h& fournal of Hellenic Studies, 1883. 2. In Martianus Capella 9. 998, disciplinae cyclicae are the studies which form the regular course (kvkKos). D. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing this letter is thus described; Marius Victorinus p. 33 K (^ autem et t, quibus, ut ita dixerim, vocis vicinitas quaedam est, linguae sublatione et posi- tlone distinguuntur. Nam cum summos atque imos coniunctim denies suprema sui parte pulsaverit, d litteram exprimit. Quotiens autem sublimata partem, qua superis dentibus est origo, contigerit, t sonore vocis explicabit. So Terent. Maurus p. 331. Martianus Capella 3. 261 D appulsu linguae circa superior es denies innascitur. For di and ti before a vowel, see under T. D as ari abbreviation may stand for the names Decimus and Domitius or Domitia: and for the words decreto (sometimes written D.C.), decurio (sometimes D.C.), deus, dea, dia, divus (and their cases), dies, domo, donum or dono, duplarius, dux, damnas and damnates, dominus, dolus, duumvir (D.V.), dignum, dedit and de- derunt, datum, dedicavit, dixit, die, deducta, defunctus, donatus, dis- cens, de, dumtaxat (D.T.). 428 Dardanarius — Degulo. Dardanarlus, glossed as = iramimatKris, navTo/ieTdfioKos, a-iTOKa- 7rri\os : Gloss. Philox. and Cyrill. ; Gloss. Cyrill. fierd^okos, dardana- rius, cocionalor, arillator. Decerptlo, in the sense of a heave-oflfering (dcpaipffia, mrapxr]) ; Itala Num. 15. 21, 18. 29, 30, 32 (Ronsch S. B. p. 23). Decoctdr, one who kneads or mixes : Gloss. Philox. decoctor, (jyvparfis (Ronsch S. B. p. 23). DecSrlatio, a flaying or disfigurement : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' decoriatio ' dehonesiaiio. Dec6riatorius (decorio), Cass. Fel. 13. p. 20 (J. E. B. Mayor). Deducticius, adj., from deductus, having the staius of a colonist or deductus (f). Inscr. found by Mr. A. Evans at Scupa (Scopia) in Moesia Superior; Q. Petronius M . F . SCA. Rufus Vet. Leg. VII C . P . F . Deducticius T . F . I. (Communicated by Mr. Evans.) Defautio = discouragement : Gloss. Philox. de/autio dirorpoTrii, yj/oyos. Defensio, defens6r, in the sense of vengeance, avenger : Itala Num. 31. 2 defende defensionem (Vulg. ulciscere) filiorum Israhel de Madianensilus ; also in Vulg. Sirac. 30. 6, 47. 31, 48. 7 (Ronsch S. B. p. 23, who quotes other instances from late Latin). Definio, in Grammar, to end a word with a termination, e. g. -er, -us : Prob. Inst. p. 60 K, al. saep. Definitivus modus, the indicative mood, Servius on Donatus. Deflocco, -as, to pluck, make bald : Non. p. 7 ' defloccare ' est adierere (? ahterere ?) tr actum a vestibus sine flocco ; Plautus Casina (fragm.) 'perii, defloccabitiam illic homo lumbosmeos' (emend. Stude- TOMnAior perii,Jlocco habebit); Plaut.Epid. 616 R duo defloccati senes. DefSlio, -as, to strip of leaves ; quoted by Eutyches p. 450 K as a denominative verb ; Dositheus p. 436 K defolio d7ro(pvWiia>. Deformatio, description, as t. t. of Rhetoric, Aquila Romanus ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 26 : Ti. Donatus on Aen. i. 530 foil. ; Mart. Cap. 5. 172 Starvjraxns est descriptio vel deformatio. Defrendo, -is, to nibble down: Paul. p. 74 ' defrensam^ de- tritam atque detonsam ; Placidus p. 3 1 D ' de/rensum ' detritum ; Gloss. Philox. defrensa Spovpa SepurBeia-a. Defrondo, -as, to strip of leaves : Serv. A. i. 552 ' stringere remos ' aut defrondare . . . autfractos stringere remos, i. e. ligare. Defusto, glossed as = ^vXoKonem, to cut wood, in Gloss. Philox. Degiilo, -onis, a glutton : Angustin. Regul. p. 502 K (F. Haverfield). Delassatio — Deltio. 429 Belassatio, weariness : given in Gloss. Cyrill. as equivalent for KaTaKowaxTts and KaTair6vt]odpS>s. Paul. p. 7 1 M says ' demagis ' pro ' minus ' antiqui dicebant. Had the word then two meanings, de being sometimes negative, sometimes intensive ? Demauduco, to eat up : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. 381 ' deman- duco ' corrodo. Dementatio, insanity : Glossae Nominum p. 40 Lowe ' demen- tatio' insania. Dem6rat6r (demoror), one who keeps back or keeps waiting : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 381 '■ demorator' retentor, litigator, fir- mator i^) ; Mart. Cap. i. 87 {Vulcanus) totius mundi demorator (in reference to his lameness). Demuleo (or demulgo ?), -as, to pull down ; so to prostrate, afflict (?) : Placidus p. 31 D ' demulcanti,' defringenti vel subigenti (so Deuerling: MSS. demulganti). Mart. Cap. 8. 807 verberibus demulcatus (so Grotius : MSS. BR demulctatus). Demiitilo, -as = detrunco, to lop, prune : Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 172 'demutilare' detruncare. Col. de Arb. 11. 2 dem. cacumina arborum (where Politian's MSS. read dim-). Demd6r, glossed as = malus odor ; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 381. Denormis, -e, out of symmetry or measurement : Porph. Hor. 2. S. 6. 9 extra procedens denormem facit. Denormo, -as : Hor. 2. S. 6. 9 jz' angulus iste Proximus accedat, qui nunc denormat agellum ! The ancient commentators offer two explanations of the word : (i) to deform, put out of pro- portion ; (2) to limit, cut clean off. In Grom. Lat. p. 345 Lachm. denormata linea means a line drawn by rule. Dentex, -icis, or dentix, subst. m., a sea-fish (sparus dentex, Oken) : Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 172 'dentrix^ i^ dentex' t) piscis qui plures habet denies ; Isid. 12. 6. 63 'dentix' (so Oriel MS. and others ; but others dentrix) pro numero et granditate dentium dictus. Col. 8. 16. 8; Apic. 4. 1,51, and 10. 471. Denundinat, glossed as = omnibus notum facit : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. 381 {^ dinundinatt). Depalo — Derectio, 43 1 Depalo, -as {palani), to reveal, discover : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' depalattis /ur,' inventus : ' depalata ' devoluta, designata (i.e. develata, dissignata); Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. pp. 178, 180 ' depalare ' reserare, aperire, luculentare ; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 44 ' depalata ' manifestata. The lexx. give instances from Fulgentius : add Ps. Cypr. De Sina et Sion 1 1 depalata et de- monstrata. Depelliculor, -aris, to deceive: Placidus p. 31 D ' depelli- culari' decipere, dictum a pelliciendo. Depenso, -as : 'depensaturus ' daturus : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 381. Deportat6r, one who brings: Rufin. Int. Joseph. Antiqq. 14. 2/^ prohibere deportatores alimentorum (Ronsch S. B. p. 24). Dep6slti6, in the sense of burial, often in Christian inscrip- tions (Ronsch S, B. p. 24), sometimes in the forms depositio, depossio, and deposio. Add C. I. L. 9. 1370, 1372, 1376, 1383, 1386, 1397 (Aeclanum). Dep6sitivus, t. t. of Grammar, of verbs, neuter : Diom. p. 337 K (' sedeo,' ' sudo' ' dormio,' etc.) guae quidem quidam supina dixe- runt, alii absolutiva appellant, non nulli depositiva vacant. Depravat6r, one who spoils or impairs ; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. 381 ' depravator' minor ator. Depressio = oppression (Karahwatrma) : Itala Ezech. 45. 9 auferte depressionem de populo meo. Deprdbo, -as, to prove thoroughly: Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' experiunt ' deprohant. Illustrated by De Vit from Maximus Taurinensis. Derectarlus, -i. 1. A house-breaker : Gloss. Philox. de- rectarius BvpeTravoinTrjs, iireia-n-ijSrjTfjS, 6 f'r Tar dXXorpi'ay eviKa toO Kke^ai ela-epxa/ievos otKias; Glossae Nominum p. 39 Lowe ' derecta- rius'' certus (? dictus) latro in aliena domofurans; Dig. 47. 11. 7 qui derectarii appellantur, hoc est hi qui in aliena cenacula se derigunt (sneak va.to)/urandi animo ; 47. 18. r, 2 simili modo et saccularii et derectarii erunt puniendi, item effractores ; Paul. Sent. 5. 4. 8 al his qui vulgo derectarii appellantur, in quos extra ordinem a,nimadver- titur. 2. Accursed (see s.v. Diereetus) : Gloss. Philox. derec- tarius Kardparos. Derectio, -onis, subst. f., abstr. from derigo : in later Latin written directio : 1. an arrangement in or within straight lines, a ruling out, marking out ; a levelling or making straight : Vitruv. 432 Derectura — Derigo. 7. 3. 5 deformentur derectiones harenati uti longitudines . . . ext- gantur ; ib. 6 ^ marmore grandi derectiones sunt subigendae (so the best MSS. in both places) ; 7. i. 4 coagmentorum compositio planam habeat inter se derectionem (so good MSS.) = be evenly ruled or levelled ; i . 6. 8 convertendae sunt ab regionibus ventorum derec- tiones vicorum (the lines of the streets) ; 4.3.6 viarum derectiones (so the best MSS.). So probably we should read i. 6. 12, i. i. 4. In I. 6. I the oldest MS. gives arearum derectiones. 2. Concr., a straight line : Apul. De Mundo i a quibus directio quae- dam profecta. 3. Met., aiming or directing : Quint. 3. 6. 30 coniectura dicta est a coniectu, id est directions (so Halm) quadam mentis ad veritatem ; Prise. 2. p. 202 K directione vocis. 4. Met., of character or intention, uprightness, righteousness : Vulg. Ps. 44. 7 virga directionis virga regnitui; 98. 4 tu parasti directiones. Derectura, -ae {derigo), in later Latin written directura. 1. A level surface : Vitruv. 7. 3. 5 cum fundatior erit ex harenato derectura. 2. A level or height: Frontin. Aq. iB derectura humilior. 3. A ruling or marking out of straight lines : Grom. Lat. p. 336 Lachm. directura trifiniumfacit. Derigo, -rexi, -rectum, -rigere. 1. To direct downwards, turn downwards : Lucr. 6. 823 qua derigit aestus (though Munro takes this as intrans.) ; C. I. L. i. 1220 (Beneventum) et nostri voltus derigis inferieis ; Lucr. 2. 198 quo magis ursimus alte Derecta; Sil. 9. 581 fulget ab incurvo derecta cacumine cuspis; Vitruv. 6. i. 3 (so two of the best MSS.) derecta capillo et rufo (straight) ; Apul. M. 6. 1 6 usque ad inferos et ipsius Orci ferales penates te derige (get down !). 2. To mark out in a straight line or in straight lines, arrange in a straight line or lines, so very often : Gloss. Cyrill. anfvdvvo) derigo ; Gloss. Philox. derigere i^airoo-TeiKat, derigenda e^a'iro<7Ta\Tea ; Gloss. Hild. D. 134 'derigit,' rectum facit. Catull. 22. 7 derecta plumbo (ruled) ; Cic. De Sen. 59 derectos in quincuncem ordines ; Cic. else- where \&% fines, regiones, derigere, and the like; Vitruv. i. 6. i (plateae) derigentur (so we should read, for platearum derectiones occurs just before) ; Colum. 3. 15. z paribus spatiis ordines dirigunt (probably derigunf); Sen. N. Q. i. 10 coronam si diviseris, arcus erit ; si de- rexeris, virga ; Sueton. Cal. 46 aggere directo (probably derecto) in Appiae viaeformam. Of troops, Verg. G. 2. 281 derectaeque acies; A. 7. 523 derexere acies; so in Li v. 21. 47. 8 in conspectu hostium acie derecta; 22. 19. 11 derigere in pugnam naves; 34. 28. 6 acie derecta paulisper steterunt, and wherever the phrase occurs ; in Plin. Derigo. 433 II. 58 the oldest MS. has derigunt aciem; Tac. A. 2. 45, 6. 34, H. 4. 16, 25 ; Suet. Cal. 46, where edd. read direda acie in litore Oceani. 3. To smooth, make level, even, or straight (see Derectio, Derec- tura) ; Vitruv. 7. 3. 3 (according to the best MSB.) hartna deri- gatur ; so probably 7. 3. 6 alterum corium derigaiur; 7. 4. i. 4. Met., to direct, rule : Cic. Mur. 3 vitam ad certam rationis norniam derigenii; so perhaps Brut. 140 nihil non ad rationem et tamquam ad ar tern derigehant (though the edd. give dirigebant) ; Legg. 2. 13 adquam (naturam) leges hominum diriguntur (so edd.); Fin. i. 54, 2- 71! 5. 57 (where Madv. reads dirigere); and often elsewhere in Cic, who has derigere manum ad similiiudinem alicuius rei, ad ra- tionem civitatis haec derigere, and the like ; Tac. D. g ad utilitatem vitae omnia consilia . . . derigenda sunt (Andresen reads dirigenda) ; A. 4. 40 adfamampraecipua rerun derigere. 5. To aim straight at, direct to: Verg. A. 7. 497 curve derexit spicula cornu; 10. 140 vainer a derigere ; 10. 401 Ilo namque procul validam derexerat hastam \ in A. 6. 57 the MSS. give Dardana qui Paridis direxti tela. We should read derigo in Liv. 2. 6. 8 (equuni) in ipsum in/estus consulem derigit; and in Ov. M. 8. 400 derexit ad inguina denies, 1 2-. 601 certaque . . . derexit spicula dextra (though Merkel and Zingerle read di-^ ; Curt. 4. 9. 25 directa in gutture hasta (so Foss, but derecta is probably right) ; Tac. A. 2. 31, H. 2. 35 ictus, volnera derigere; Apul. M. 2. 17 (so the MS.) comminus in adspectum, si vir es, derige. 6. Of motion, course, and the like, to direct towards an object : Cic. Sest. 98 quo cur sum derigere; Caes. C. 3. 25 cur- sum; 30 iter; and so often in Cic; Verg. A. i. 401 qua te ducit via, derige gressum; so 5. 162, 11. 855; Ov. M. 12. 78 currum direxit in hostem (so Merkel and Zingerle, but probably derexit is right) ; Val. Max. 5. 4. 3 se in Pomponii domum prima luce direxit (so Halm, but perhaps derexit); Tac. H. 2. 34 naves adversum in flumen derigebantur (di-, Heraeus); H. 5. 23 classem derigere. 7. Of the senses, mind, attention, line of conduct, and the like : Cic. Acad. Pr. 2. 66 meas cogitationes sic derigo non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram, etc.; Catull. 63. 26 aciem derigere {di- the MSS., but Baehrens reads de-); Varro R. R. i. 18. i Cato derigit adduas metas ; Curt. 8. g. 13 in Callisthenem dirigebatur (so edd.) oratio ; Veil. 2. 30, 3 invidiam rerum non ad causam sed ad voluntatem personasque; Quint. 10. 3. 38 tota mente in opus ipsum intentionem derigere ; 12. 3. 8 se ad id; 2. 13. 5 ad iudicem omnem sermonem derigere; 2. I. II communes locos in vitia; but in 5. 7. 6 Halm reads dirigere actionem adversus singulos; 10. i. 127 dirigere se ad ea efficienda. Ff 434 Derigo. So in other authors; Col. 3. 12.4 contemplationem suam ad aliquid; Val. Max. 3. 8. Ext. 6 sententtam ad unam potionem ; Schol. Veron. Aen. 9. 404 proximo deriguntur . . . invocationes ; Dig. 50. 17. 80 quod ad speciem derectum est. 8. Intransitive, to stretch downwards : Script. Bell. Hisp. 28 hinc derigeni proxima planities aequabatur; Grom. Lat. pp. 29, 167, 303 (Lachm.). 9. Part, pass, derecius, -a, -um, used as adj. : adv. derectd, derecto : (a) Perpendicular. Lucr. 4. 609 simulacra viis derectis omnia tendunt Ut sunt missa simul; Caes. C. i. 45 praeruptu^ locus erat uiraque ex parte derectus; G. 7. >] 2 fossa derectis laterihus; C. 2. 24 iugum derectum, eminens in mare ; G. 8. 9 fossam . . . lateribus deprimi derectis; Cic. N. D. i. 69 derecto deorsum ferri ; Vitruv. 7. 3. i asseres derecti{M.SS. and edd. di-). (b) Straight, of a thing ; of a road, straight, direct : Caes. C. i. 24 (though edd. give di-) ahest derecto itinere ab Utica paulo amplius passus milk; G. 6. 26 cornu magis derectum his quae nobis nota sunt cornibus ; Script. Bell. Alex. 64 cum neque flectere navim propter vim fluminis neque derectam tantis fluctibus tenere posset ; Cic. Gael. 41 derectum iter ad laudem, and often elsewhere in Cic. ; Ov. M. i. 98 non tuba derecti, non aeris cornua flexi; 2. 129 nee tibi derectos placeat via quinque per arcus (in both places Merkel and Zingerle read di-) ; Vitruv. 2. 9. 6 abies derecta permanet in contignatione (so the best MSS.); 6. 2. 2 remi cum sint sub aqua derecti, tamen oculis infracti videntur ; 8. i. 6 radii solis non derecti perveniunt ad terram ; i. 6. 8 cum enim plateae contra derectos ventos erunt conformatae ; 5.3.5 aditus . . . ex omnibus locis perpetuos et derectos sine inversuris faciendos ; 7. praef. 11 derectis planisque frontibus, and often elsewhere in Vitruvius. In the two last passages good MS. authority favours derectus, but in the majority of cases it has been corrupted into di-, and so Eose and Miiller-Striibing always write. Phrase in derecto opp. to in anfractu Varro L. L. 7. 15; per derectum Plin. 5. 80, 3. kd. (c) Met., direct, straight, straightforward, of speech or action : Cic. Gael. 42 derecta ratio; Part. Or. 130 ratio derecti et veri et iusti; Liv. 21. 19. I derecta percunctatio ; Quint. 4. i. 68 derecto ad Ciceronem principio utitur; Dig. 3. 5. 20 derecta et contraria actio; 13. 6. 3. 4 agere derecto. (d) Of a person, unbending, severely upright : Cic. Gael. 38 tristi et derecto seni. (De, rego. I believe that in classical Latin, whenever the meaning is to ' point or aim down ' or ' to make straight,' derigo should be written, the oldest MSS. generally giving this form. But by the fifth century a.d. the degeneracy of pro- nunciation caused derigo and dirigo to be confused. See Dirigo.) Derivatio — • Deverblum. 435 Derivatlo, in Grammar, = derivative formation ; Serv. A. iq. ^09 ' Laurentia' pro ' Laurens', vera et recta derivaitone. DerSgatio, = o-Tepjjo-tr, negation: Charis. p. 233 K. Der6gativus, having a negative force : Diom. p. 326 (of the preposition in). Deruo, -is, -ere. 1. To pull down : Ace. Parerga i ap. Non. p. 61 typorcas) hidenti ferro rectas deruere; Cic. Att. 16. 11. z deruam cumulum de laudibus Dolabellae. 2. To fall down : Apul. M. 2. 30 (aures) deruunt. Gloss. Philox. give deruit Kore- (TTpe-^ev, dvaaTpeei. (Not in Sen. N. Q. 3. 27. 2, where the true reading seems to be ei'daf.) Descriptio, in the sense of numbering, enrolling, census {dTzo- ■Ypa(f>rj) ; Vulg. 2 Reg. 24. 9 ; Luc. 2. 2 (Rbnsch S. B. p. 25). Desiderium = appetite : Anthim. c. 49 osirea vero necesse habeiuryro desiderio permittere interdum; ib. 51 ; Plin. Val. 5. 33 (Ronsch S. B. p. 25). Desidesco, -is, to begin to be slothful : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6, Osbern ib. 8. p. 175 ' desidescere'' torpescere; Gloss. Amplon. p. 295 (see Lowe P. G. p. 381), Desidiius, slothful : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ; Gloss. Hild, D. rgo 'desiduus' desidiosus, Desipidus, tasteless; perhaps to be read in Ps. Acron. Hor. 2. S. 4. r6, where the MSS. give elutius . . . disipidius (Hauthal conj. insipidius). Sespico, -as, to pluck a bird, quoted from Pelagonius. This word seems to be referred to in the glosses ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' dispicatis ' decoriatis, ' dispacatus ' discoriatus. Deterioratio, deterioration: Ps. Acr. Hor. 3. C. 27, 53 deteri- oratio formae. Detractatio (StaXoynr/io's), doubting : Itala Phil. 2. 14 omnia facite sine murmurationibus et detradionibus (Vulg. haesitationibus), {Ditractatio or distractatio would be more appropriate.) Detractio = slander (XoiSopla) : Rufin. Int. Joseph. Antiqq. 18. 13 omnem suam vitam liberam detradionibus gessit^Bsin'&da S. B.p. 25). Devenusto, -as, to disfigure : Gell. 12. i. 8 tamquam pulchri- tudinis sibi insignia devenustet ; Mamertin. Pan. lul. 5. 3 oris nitorem devenustare ; and in other late Latin, Deverbium, -i, subst. n., the spoken part of a play, unaccom- panied by music, as opp. to canticum : Liv. 7. 2. 10 ad manum cantari hisfrionibus coeptum, deverbiaque (diverUa edd.) tantum F f 2 43*5 Deversio — Dierectus. ipsorum voci relicta ; Petron. 64 solebas suavius esse, belle deverbia dicere,melica canturire (so MSS.). In Mar. Victor, p. 79 K good MSS. give in canticis magis quam deverbiis ; so in the same passage quoted by Rufinus Metr. Ter. p. 15 K. But Diomedes p. 491 says (according to the MSS.) diverbia sunt partes comoedtarum in quibus diver sorum personae versantur, having just said membra comoediarum iria sunt, diver bium canticum chorus. Ritschl and Biicheler decide for writing diverbium everywhere, but Ribbeck, Romische Trag. p. 633 foil, defends deverbium, which certainly suits the passage in Petronius and perhaps that in Livy. Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 177 says ^deverbium' canticum quod ante mortuum canitur. (It is possible that there were originally two words, which soon became confused.) Deversio, in the sense of departure (meaning death) : Itala 2 Tim. 4. 6 tempus deversionis insistit (Vulg. resolutionis). (Ronsch S. B. p. 25.) Devotio, -onis (devoveo). 1. The act of dedicating, con- secrating, or devoting: Cic. Dom. 145 capitis m£i devotio; Post Red. ad Quir. 1 ; Rab. Post. 2 ; Nep. Ale. 4. 5 ; Petron. 103. 6 dissimulata nauseantis devotione. 2. A formula of such dedi- cation ; Nep. Ale. 4. 5 in quibus devotio fuerat scripta ; Macrob. S. 3. 9. 15 vim devotionis in qua . . . luppiter invocatur. 3. A curse or incantation ; Tac. A. 2. 69, and elsewhere (always pi. in Tac.) ; Suet. Cal. 3 veneficiis et devotionibus impugnari. 4. Zeal, devotion (often in religion, but also in general) : Lact. Inst. 5. 19. 13 qui devotione et fide caret; Lamprid. Ael. 3. 5 Samari- tanorum religiones et Christianam devotionem ; Trebell. PoUio Gallien. 14. i erga rem publicam devotio; Capitolin. Max. and Balbin. 11. 3 Aquileiensium pro Romanis devotio ; Nemesianus Cyn. 83 animat devotio mentes; Ti. Donatus on Aen. i. 447 opu- lentiam et devotionem condentis ; Ennod. Epist. 5. 4 ministerium devotionis ; ib. 8. 5 ; 9. i in devotionibus (? = in studiis) ; and else- where in late Latin. Dexter, synonym of Aquilo, the north wind : Hieron. Int. Origenis in Ezech. Homil. i. § 14 aquilo, . . . quern alio nomine Dextrum vocamus (Ronsch S. B. p. 25). Dictator, dictatura, in the sense of a copier, cop)nng : Gloss. Cyrill. dvTLypatjifvs dictator, rescriptor ; dvTiypa(t>ri dictatura, rescriptum (Ronsch S. B. p. 26). Dierectus, -a, -um, explained by Nonius p. 35 as = cruci fixus. DiflFuto - Dllargus. 437 It is used mostly in the phrases i dierectus, i in dterectum, quin is dierectus, and the like : as a popular oath = ' go to the gallows ' : Plant. Bacch. 579 R recede hinc (so MSS.) dierecie ? ut pulsat pro- pudium ; Most. 8 R ahi rus, abi dierede, abscede ab ianua ; Trin. 457 '^^^f ^""^ dierecte'i Capt. 636 R quin quiescis ? i dierectum, cor meum, ac suspende te\ Rud. 11 70 R et suculast. Quin tu i dierecta cum sucula et cum porculis; Merc. 183 R; Cas. Act. i. ig; Poen. 160 R, 347; Varro Eum. fr. 17 apage in dierectum a domo nostra istam insanitatem. In dierectum apparently = straight down ; Plant. Merc. 442 R ducit lembum iam dierectum navis piscatoria. In Plant. Cure. 240 R B reads lien dieructust, which probably stands for diruptus or disruptus, as J and E actually read. (In many passages the word dierectus is supported by respectable MS. authority. But in some this authority is doubtful : in Plautus Menaechmi 432 B gives directum; in Poen. \(so d rectus; in Trin. 457 A has dierecte, the rest derecte. In Cure. 240 I should read lien disruptust (or diruptust) as giving better sense, and keeping nearer to the MSS., than Camerarius's dierectus. The manuscript evidence, taking it all in all, seems to me to point to an early corruption of deirectus or directus into dierectus, a cor- ruption probably confirmed by a conceit of some scholar of the Augustan age or older, who thought that dierectus had something to do with dies. Paulus p. 69 M says ' dierectum ' dicebant per anti- phrasin, volentes significari malum diem. Nonius p. 49 explains dierectus as ^ ad diem erectus. But Paulus continues ' dirigere' apud Plautum invenitur pro ' discidere.' These words are probably a miserable fragment of an article of Verrius, in which dierectus and dirigere were discussed in connexion. It is quite common, in the history of Latin orthography, to find good scholars defending a wrong spelling by a false etymology: e.g. some wished to spell incoho inchoo, as if it came from Chaos ; see Paul. p. 1 07 M. Professor A. Palmer would always scan dierectus ; but in Plaut. Trin. 457 dierectus must be trisyllabic, and so almost certainly in Capt. 630 ; so it may be in Mercator 756, Cas. i. 15, and Most. 8. The difficulty to my mind is to give any satisfactory account of the form dierectus.) DifFato, -as, to discuss: Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 174 ' diffutare' disceptare. Disfuto Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 92. Dignatio = esteem : add to the instances in Lewis and Short C. L L. 9. 729, 1681. Dllargus, generous : glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 382. 438 Diomedea — Diseribo. Didmedea, -ae, title of a poem on Diomede written by lulius Antonius, son of the triumvir, Schol. Hor. 4. C. 2. 33 ; luv. r. 53. Director, -oris (dirigo II), a director, guide; Int. Iren. 3. 25. i necesse est cognoscere suum directorem. Direetorius, -a, -um (director), making straight or level, ruling : Rufin. Orig. in Cant. i. p. 359 (aequitateni) directoriam mandatorum Dei. Subst. n. diredorium, a prescribed way or course : Cod. Theod. 14. 15. 3. I. I. Dirigo, -rexi, -rectum, -rigere, to stretch in different directions: Agroecius p. 115 K ' derectum' in rectum vadens, 'directum' in later a rectum. luv. 4. 89 ille igitur nunquam direxit hracchia contra Torrentem; Isid. Or. i. 4. 3 directo hiatu fau- cium. Paulus p. 69 M says ' dirigere' apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere : if this is so, dirigo in old Latin may have meant to cut asunder ; Gloss. Hild. D 310 '•disrectum' divisum; Gloss. Bodl. '■dis- reptV separati, ' disreptum ' divisum, probably for disrecti, disrectum. II. Dirigo, -rexi, -rectum, the later and incorrect spelling of derigo. 1. To direct, guide : of motion and the like (as derigo, q. v.) ; common in later Latin. 2. To correct : Cypr. De Lapsis 2 3 plectuntur inter ea quidam quo ceteri dirigantur. Diseretio, in the sense of distinction, difference : Ronsch S. B. p. 26 adds to the instances quoted in the lexx. Non. p. 438 in plurimis invenitur ista diseretio; p. 443 confidentiae et fidentiae dis- cretionem M. Tullius pandit. Diseribo, -is, -ere, -scripsi, -seriptum, to assign, allot to different persons : to arrange according to certain divisions : to write out in a distinct order : to divide, distribute : C. I. L. i. 198. 18 tribum cognomenque, trihutimque discriptos habeto; ib. 200. 70 quod eius pequniae adsignaturn discriptum adsignatumve in tabuleis publiceis est; I. R. N. 4601 (Venafrum) eam aquam distribuere dis- cribere vendundi causa; Ter. Phorm. 923. This word is some- times confused in MSS. with describere ; but caution must be used in changing describere into discribere. Diseribo has good MS. authority in the following passages of Cic. ; Verr. 5. 62 pro numero militum pecuniarum summas discribere; De Sen. 59 dimensa atque discripta; Phil. 13. 12 illud septiens miliens . . . it a discribetur; Sest. 66 cuius negotii puhlici ■ . . fingi curatio potuit, quae non esset attributa atque discripta. Describo is given in the MSS., but should probably be altered into diseribo in Cic. Cluent. 87 non Archimedes potuit melius describere (of a sum of money to be distributed) ; Verr. Discrimen — Disligd. 439 I. 36 quihus ne lis quidem quibus data essent potuit describere; Flacc. 15 distributis partibus tributim et centuriatim, descriptis ordinibus; Rab. Post. 41 quae (oner a) secundis Postumi rebus {multi) descripta sustinuerunt ; Flacc. 32 descripsit pecuniam ad Pompeii rationem ; Dom. 13 descriptos ac decuriatos . . . exercitus perditorum; Phil. 5. 22 (bona) comitibus . . . descripsit; Agr. 2. 79. ?« iugera dena de- scribat; 85 duodena describit in singulos homines; Cat. i. 9 de- scripsisti partes urbis ad incendium; 3. 8 urbem . . . quemadmodum descriptum distributumque erat; Caes. C. 3. 42 vecturas describere ; Cic.De Or. 2. 142 descripta generatim; 2. 288 z'« multa genera descrip- sisse; Script. Bell. Al. 51 pecuniae describerentur. In Hor. 2. C. 13. 23 (sedesque discretas piorum) it is possible that we ought to read, with Keller and Holder, discriptas; as good MSS. of Ps. Acron and Porph. there say ' discriptas^ separatas. In Livy Weissenborn is right in printing discribo 30. 26. 6, 31. r4. 2, 33. 42. 8, 34. 56. 6. Vitruv. has no example of discribo; in Tac. G. 25, A. 11. 19 discr- not descr- is probably the right reading. Discribo is probably right wherever the idea of distribution into separate parts is re- quired : describo, on the other hand, means to copy, or to sketch the whole of a thing. Probably, therefore, iura describere is the right expression of a praetor, = to give a sketch or notification of the rules of law on which he intends to base his judgments ; this is the MS. reading in Cic. Quinct. 45, Verr. 5. 27,Legg. i. 17, 2. 11. The most recent edd. print iura discribere ; but the notion of a division or distribution of iura does not seem appropriate. Discrimen = 1. dvaKTivKTfia, arrangement of the hair : Itala Is. 3. 20 cincinnos et lunulas et discrimen (Vulg. discriminalid) et armillas. 2. The diaphragm; Gael. Aur. Ghron. i. 4. 75 dia- phragmatis . . . quod nos thoracis atque ventris ' discrimen ' dixeri- mus; 2. II. 127 membrana . . . a Graecis - diaphragma' appellata, quam nos discrimen dicere poterimus; ib. 2. 13. 186, 5. 10. 99 (Ronsch S. B. p. 26). Discursio = a way, path (rpoxiii): Itala Prov. 2. 15 quorum semitae diver sae atque pravae discursiones eorum; ib. 18 (Ronsch S. B. p. 26). Disdono, -as, to give in all directions : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. P- 383- Disgrex, -egis, separated: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 383; Osbern ap. Mai 01. Auct. 8. p. 181. Disligo, -Is, and -as, to unbind : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 383 ; 440 Disomus — Dissignator. Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. i8i ' disligere' solvere, quod et ' dis- ligare' dicitur. Disomus, with two bodies : C. I. L. 9. 1729 (Beneventum) vas disomum. Dispex, sharp-sighted : Gloss. Philox. dispex o^v^Xenrfis. Dispictilo, -as, to pierce with arrows : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. P- 383- Displacidus, morose: Gloss. Hild. D 306; and other glosses ap. Lowe P. G. p. 383. DispSliabToluiii, -i, subst. n. concr. from dispolio, an act of robbery : read in Plaut. Bacch. 376 R as quoted by Nonius p. 75 ; the MSS. of Plautus however give desidiabula. Dispunctio, in the sense of retribution, rewarding according to desert : Tert. Apol. \% ad utriusque meriti dispunctionem ; Marc. 5. 12 dispunctio honi ac mali operis (Ronsch S. B. p. 27). DispunctSr, -oris {dispungo), one who distributes or allots payment : Gloss. Cyrill. iKKoyia-Trjs dispunctor ; Gloss. Amplon. p. 296 dispundores dicuntur qui miliiihus dona erogant; C. I. L. 8. 9068 (Auzia, Mauretania Caesariensis) ; ib. 9020 (the same place); in \so\h. pair onus et dispunctor ; ib. 9699 dispunctor reipublicae Qui- zensis et curator, pair onus provinciae (Quiza, Mauretania Caesarien- sis); Tert. Marc. 4. 17 a creatore ut a iudice et dispunctore meri- torum (usually taken as = iudex : but does it not mean ' he who allots to every one what he deserves ? ' See DispTinetio). Disseminatio (17 hiaavopa), 'the dispersed': Itala 2 Mace. i. 27 custodi disseminationem nostram (Vulg. dispersionem). (Ronsch S. B. p. 27.) Disseminatdr, one who publishes abroad: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 383. DissensSr, one who dissents : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 383. Dissignatio, -onis, subst. f {dissigno). 1. The business of arranging funeral games : C. L L. i. 206 dissignationem ac libitinam. 2. Tearing away of seals ; so met., violation of law, performance of a lawless act : Amob. 7. 9 abolitionem dissignationibus comparari. Dissignat6r, -oris, subst. m. {dissigno). 1. A person who makes it his business to arrange public games, whether funeral games or other; C. L L. 4. 768 (Pompeii) Sabinus dissig- nator cum plausu facit ; Hor. i. Epist. 7. 6 dissignatorem decor at lictoribus atris ; Sen. Ben. 6.38.4 dissignaiores et libitinarios ; Sueton. Fragm. p. 340 (Reiff.) from Tert. Spect. 10; Donat. Ter. Ad. 87 Dissigno — Distinetio. 441 dissignatores dicti qui ludis funebribus praesunt \ Dig. 3. 2. 4. i designatores (so the MSS.) quos Graed ppaPevrds appellant. 2. A person who tears away a seal: Augustin. Mor. Man. 13. 30 signaculi dissignator. Dissigno, -as, -avi (not to be confused with designo). 1. To mark out, arrange : in this sense it has good MSS. authority as against designare in Cic. N. D. i. 26 Anaxagoras . . .primus om- nium rerum descriptionem (? discriptioneni) ac modum mentis infinitae vi ac ratione dissignari atque confici voluit; ib. 3. 85 ut enim nee domus nee res publica ratione quadam ac disciplina dissignata videatur si, etc. 2. To unseal, tear the seals off a thing, opp. to obsigno, consigno: Eugraphius on Ter, Ad. 87 ' dissignare' proprie dieitur aliquid signaium legibus rumpere. C. I. R. 161 ni dissignetis neu violetis opus ; so met., to reveal what ought to be kept secret, to utter something wrong or unlawful : Plant. Most. 413 R quae dissignata sunt et facta nequiter; Apul. M. 8. 28 quasi contra fas saerae religionis dissignaverit aliquid; Arnob. i. 63 nee reputandum putavit quid ille dissignasset, dummodo suis ostenderet, etc. ; 7. 6 si quid animal caecum atque in nubibus semper ignorationis incedens dissignaverit, dixerit qui illorum minueretur aucioritas. 3. To violate a thing : Augustin. C. D. 15. 16. 2 qui {mos) cum . . . immoderationem continentiae coerceat, eum dissignari atque corrumpi merito esse nefarium iudicetur. 4. To commit a violent, strange, or surprising act : Nonius p. 96 ' dissignare ' (so the Harleian MS.) cum nota et ignominia aliquid /deere; Terentius AdelpMs [87] ' ilia, quae ante facta sunt, Omitto : mode quid dissignavit ! ' where Donatus says ' dissignare ' est rem novam facere in utramque partem, et bonam et malam. Hor. i. Epist. 5. 16 quid non ebrietas dis- signat? operta recludit, etc., where Porphyrio says ' dissignat,' aperit. The meaning probably is ' of what miracle is intoxication not capable ' ? (In the passage quoted from Terence the Bembine gives designavit, the other chief MSS. dissignavit. But Donatus must have read dissignavit, as his note evidently connects the word with dissignator, q. v.) Dissuasorius, dissuasive: Serv. A. 2. 46 ' ligno' quasi dis- suasorie. Distentio = affliction, tribulation (7rep«nraiia, a proposition : Cic. Ac. Pr. 2. 95 /undamentum dialecticae est, quidquid enuntietur, (id autem appellant a^laiM, quod est quasi ec/atum) aut verum esse aut /alsum ; and just below 'ec/atum' esse id quod aut verum aut /alsum sit; Sen.Ep.117. 13 enuntiativum quiddam . . . quod alii effatum vacant, alii enuntiatum, aliud edictum. Deponent form, effor, -oris. 1. To say, speak out: Enn. A. 48. 60 haec effatus ; 180 effatur ; Pacuv. 292 ec/are, quae terrttet cor tuum timiditas; Lucr. 5. 104 sed tamen effabor ; in Verg. very often; Hor. Epod. 17. 37 effare: iussas cum fide poenas luam, etc. ; Lucan 8. 347 nil animis /atisque tuis effahere dignum ;"P\m. 3. i^g populorum pauca effatu digna aut /acilia nomina; Suet. Nero 49 trepidanter effatus Innaiv / lixu- irohmv afKJA KriiTos ovaTa ^dWei. 2. In philosophy, to enuntiate a proposition ; Cic. Acad. Pr. 2. 97 quod ita effabimur -. 'Aut vivet eras Hermarchus aut non vivet.' Bffiitilis, chattering : Eutyches p. 453 K {ah) effutio effutilis ; Anecd. Helv. p. 74 Hagen. Eiectura, -ae, as 1. 1. of Geometry, lengthening a base-line : 446 Elabiscens — Emendo. Boeth. Geom. 2. p. 1523: Nipsi Podisma ap. Grom. Lat. p. 2g'j (Ronsch S. B. p. 28). Elabiscens, slippery: Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 165. Illacto, -as, to wean ( ? ) ; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 and 7, and Papias ' eladare ' e lade tollere. (Probably for delacio^ Eliqiius, transparent, clear : Gloss, ap. Mai 01. Auct. 7 ' eltqua ' ■manifesta vel aperta ; so Osbern ib. 8. p. 194 ' eliquus ' pur us, Elix, -ids, subst. m., a broad furrow in a corn-field intended to carry off the water, a field-drain : Paul. p. 76 M ' dices' sulci aquarii, per quos aqua collecta abducitur in liris ; Serv. G. i. 109 apud aniiquos, hodieque in aliquihus provinciis ' elices ' appellantur sulci am- pliores, ad siccandos agros ducti; Ov. M. 8. 237 limoso prospexit ab elice perdix ; Col. 2. 8. 3 sulcos aquarios, quos nonnulli elices vacant \ II. 2. 82 elices sulcosque aquarios ; Plin. 19. 182 quas elices inducunt, Elixo, -as (elixus), to boil : Prob. Cath. p. 39 K ; Osbern ap. Mai 01, Auct. 8. p. 194 ' elixare' coquere in aqua; Apic. 2. 42. Eluresco, -Is, to grow pale or yellowish : restored by Havet to Varro Prometheus ap. Non. p. loi exsanguibus . . . elurescat colas \ the MSS. varying between evirescat and eiurescat. (See Lureo.) Emacitas {emax), emaciation, thinness : Papias ' emaciias '' macritudo. Emaneo, -es, -mansi, -manere, to remain or dwell away from a place : followed by abl., Stat, Theb. 7, 650 lucas veiitus quibus emansisse sacerdos ; Dig. 49. 16. 3. 4 qui explaratione emanet. Abs., Dig. 49. 16. 3. 7 ; 21. I. 17. 4 qui node aliqua sine voluntate domini emansisset. Emax, adj. : according to Gloss. Hild. E. 92, and Amplon. p. 326 = macer, tenuis ; if so it is from e and mac-, to waste or destroy. Emeudo, -as, to make free from faults, in various senses The part. pass, emendatus is used as Un adj., with comp. and sup and adv. emendate, in most of the senses in which the verb is used 1. In a moral sense, to improve, correct, make better : Cic. Legg: 3. 30 tola civitas . . . emendari {salet) et carrigi continentia ; Publil Syr. 150 (Friedrich) ex viiio sapiens alieno emendat suum \ Nep. Them. i. i huius vitia magnis sunt emendata virtutibus ; Ov. F. 4, 596 emendet facta priora novis; 5. 205 vim tamen emendat dando Emendo. 447 mihi nomina nuptae ; Col. ii. i. 28 quamvis inter dum emendafa sit perperam facti imprudentia vel neglegentia ; Petron. 1 30 culpam emendare; Curt. 8. 7. 15 si poles emendari; Plin. Ep. 9. 21, i vere credo emendatum ; and elsewhere in Lat. Emendatus, as adj. = faultless (though not always in the strict logical sense of the word) : Cic. Lael. 61 cum emendati mores amicorum sint; Hor. i. Epist. i. 16. 30 cum pateris sapiens emenda- tusque vocari; Plin. Ep. 3. 3. 5 emendatus et gravis; 8. 22. 2 optimum et emendatissimum ; Tac. D. 41 non emendatae nee usque ad votum compositae civitatis; Capitolin. Gord. 24. i eius saeculum emendatius et diligentius . . . perfectum ; and elsewhere in Latin. 2. In a general sense, to improve, amend : Cic. Brut. 261 emendare consuetudinem ; Or. 153 iam emendatur antiquitas; Hor. 2. S. 8. 85 ut arte Emendaturus fortunam; 2. Epist. i. 3 res Italas . . . Legihus emendes ; Phaedr. 5. 9. 5 qui doctiorem emendat, sibi did putet; Veil. 2. 89. 4 leges emendatae utiliter \ Quint. 2. 2. 7 in emenddndo quae corrigenda sunt; Plin. Ep. 6. 2. 9 soles emendari cupere quae iam corrigere difficile est; luv. 14. 67 uno Semodio scobis haec emendat servulus unus; Suet. Aug. 34 hanc {legem) cum sever ius emendasset. Emendatus — {a.\At\ess, perfect: Cic. Acad. Post. i. 1 3 recentissima quaeque sunt correcta et emendata maxime ; Petron. 126. 3 omnibus simulacris emendatiorem (of a woman), 3. Of writing or style, to correct: Cic. Att. 2. 16. 4 ut annates suos emendem et edam ; often in Quint., e. g. 10. 2. 20 emendare quaedam etmutare; 10. 4. 2 optimum emendandi genus. So emendatus, faultless, correct: Cic. Brut. 258 locutionem emendatam et Latinam ; Hirtius ap. Suet. lul. 56 quam bene atque emendate; Hor. 2. Epist. I. 71 emendata videri Pulchraque ; Quint, i. 6. 30 barbara ab emendatis discernere; 8. i. 2 Latine atque emendate loquendi; 8. 3. I emendate ac lucide dicentium ; Vopiscus Firm, i emenda- tissimus scriptor. 4. Of writing, to correct, i. e. free from mistakes of spelling and the like: Quint, i. 6. 19 emendat quod 'calidum' dicere quam ' caldum' malit; 9. 4. 74 ita edidit, et melius est quam quod emendatur; Mart. 7. 11. i cogis me calamo manuque nostra Emendare meos, Pudens, libellos ; Suet. Gramm. 24 multa exemplar ia contrahere atque emendare ac distinguere; Dom. 20 exemplaribus petitis, missisque Alexandream qui describe- rent emendarentque ; Vita Verg. 37 qui Aeneida post mortem eius emendarunt; ib. 41 ; Serv. Vita Verg. p. 22 ; Jerome to the Eusebian Chronicle a. Abr. 1923 (of Lucretius's aliquot libri) quos postea Cicero emendavit; Mavortius Subscriptio to Hor. Epod. ut potui 448 Eminiscor — Esctilentia. emendavi, and other subscriptiones. 5. Of a disease, to cure : Plin. 20. 129 em. alopeciam ; 170 hissim ; 36. 156 cicatrices. Eminiscor, -eris, -mentus stiin, to utter or publish an invention or falsehood : Varro L. L. 7. 44 ah hoc illud quod dicitur ' eminisci' cum commenfum pronuniiatur \ so Apul. Apol. 102 fingite aliquid, eminiscimini quod respondeatis (tell me). (It was restored by Heusinger to Nepos Ale. 2. i and to Cornificius 2. 10 and 12 by Kayser for comminiscor : but Cobet rejects it in the passage of Nepos. Gloss. Hild. E. loi and Amplon. p. 328 give ' eminiscitur' in memoriam revocat ; probably corrupt for reminiscitur^ Emussltatus, perfectly finished = ad amussim /actus ; Paul, p. 76 M ' emussitata ' ad amussim facta ; Placidus p. 42 ' emussitatos ' ad amussim exacios; Plaut. Mil. 631 Rib. emussitata sua sibi ingenua indoles ; so the MSS. of Plautus and of Non. p. 9, who quotes the passage. (Lowe P. G. p. 284 says that the form is probably to be accepted, though he cannot explain it.) !EiUd6decarit = indicarii : endofestahat = infestabat ; endoclusa =■ inclusa ; endopeciscas = inpeciscas {? inpeciscar) ; endocincti ■=■ in- cincti; endoriguum = inriguum ; endoploro = implore, are forms attested by good glossaries. For endoploro see Paul. p. 77 M. Enixo, -as, verb of uncertain meaning, quoted by Prob. Oath, p. 29 K. Ephippio, -as {ephippiuni), to furnish with saddle and bridle : Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 199 'ephippiare' equum, ornare. Of the rider : Caes. G. 4. 2 ad ephippiatos equites. Epltdmarius, an epitomator : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 165. Erroneus = a deceiver, corrupter = anareiiv ; Rufin. Int. Joseph. Antiqq. 8. 8 ossa etiam horum populum seducentium et erroneorum exurat (Ronsch S. B. p. 28). Erulus, -i, dim. from erus, a master: Gloss. Amplon. p. 327 ' eruli' domini; so Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 419. As mythical n. p. : Verg. A. 8. 563. Esciileutla, -ae, fatness: Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 192 ' esculentia' pinguedo, arvina, carnulentia. Hieron. Epist. 79. 7 cervorum et quadrupedum animalium esculentias. Everrae — ExamSn. 449 Everrae, -arum (or exv-), either a sweeping out, or a broom : see s. V. Everriator. Everrlat6r, -oris, Subst. m., ag. from a lost verb everrio, properly- one who sweeps out, so in law a man who, having received an inheritance, is bound to perform the due funeral rites : Paul. p. 77 M ' everriator ' vacatur qui iure accepta hereditaie iusta facer e defuncto debet . . . Id nomen dictum a verrendo. Nam ' exverrae ' sunt pur- gatio quaedam domus ex qua mortuus ad sepulturam ferendus est, quae fit per everriatorem certo genere scoparum adhibito, ab extra verrendo dictarum. (A confused gloss ap. Mai CI. Auct. vol. 7 says ' everriatores ' qui defunctorum umbras colligunt.) Euge, interjection, the Greek eZyc, well ! good ! capital ! often in the comedians and generally in colloquial Latin. Eugepae, probably = cuye Trm, well done, my boy ! Plant. Amph. 1018 R; Rud. 170, 442 R ; Pseud. 743 R ; printed from conj. Epid. 9 R. Eviresco, -is, -ere, to lose one's manhood: Nonius p. 154 ^ puellascere^ e_ffeminari vel evirescere (so the Harl.) (J. H. Onions.) For the other instances quoted from Varro ap. Non. p. loi see s. v. Eluresco. Exactus, t. t. of Grammar, of the perfect tense: Charis. p. 176 K ; of the pluperfect : Charis. p. 177 (= Diomed. p. 346). Exaedltilo, -as, to turn out of a temple : Gloss. Amplon. p. 329 '■ exaedituat' excludit ab adytis (so Lowe for exaudituat, excludit ab abditis). Lowe would rgad exaedituat for exaedificat in Plant. Trin. 1127. Examen, -Inis, as part of a balance, the tongue which marks the declension of the scale, but sometimes described less accurately (to all appearance) as the thread or string by which the balance is held steady: e.g. Paul. p. 80 M 'examen' est aequamentum; Serv. A. 12. 725 examen est proprie filum quo trutina regitur; Isid. Or. 16. 25. 5 examen est filum medium quo trutinae statera regitur, et lances aequantur. The Scholia on Pars. i. 6 are more accurate : examen est lingua vel linum quod mediam hastam ad aequanda pon- dera tenet. In the sense of tongue Verg. A. 12. 725 luppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances Sustinet, et fata imponit diver saduorum; Pers. I. 6 examenque improbum in ilia Castiges trutina; Suet. Vesp. 25 dicitur . . . vidisse quondam per quietem stater am . . . positam examine aequo. Met., Ov. M. 9. 552 legumque examina servent^keep even the balance of the law); Stat. Silv. 3. 3. 203 viam morum Gg 45° Exassulo — Exhibitor. longaeque examtna vitae (the rule or balance of life, what holds it even or straight). In the steel-yard examen is the arm along which the weight moves: Vitruv. lo. 8. 7 quemadmodum in stater a pondus, cum examine progreditur ad fines ponder ationum ; Pers. g. 100 certo compescere puncto Nescius examen. Exassulo, -as, to cut off chips (assulae) : Placidus p. 45 D 'fomitat,' fomitibus exassulat. Excaveo, -es, ^ praecaveo: Gloss. Amplon. p. 328 ' excavet' praecavei. Exeello, -as {cello) : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 153 ' excellare ' (so Lowe for excelare) cum uxore esse in libertate {1 excellari). Used of manumitted slaves, who are extra cellam, the cella being the abode of slaves. Exeeptio (? «.r«r//i5), concr., a heave-offering: Itala Lev. 7. 32, 34 (Ronsch S. B. pp. 28-29). Excessio, = transgression; Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 12. 4 pro excessione Oniae. (Ronsch S. B. p. 29.) Excessus, -us, = eKo-racris, a trance; Itala Gen. 15. 12 (Vulg. sopor). Ronsch S. B. p. 29. Bxciplabiilum, -i, n., a hunting spear on which the animals were caught (see Bxcipulum) : Serv. A. 4. 131 venabula autem ob hoc dicta quod sunt tela apta venatui, quasi excipiabula ; nearly = Isid. Or. 18. 7- 4 venabula dicta quasi venatui habilia, vel quia veni- entem excipiunt, quasi excipiabula. Exclpiilum, -i, n. 1. A vessel for receiving or catching : Plin. 9. 75 in excipulis eius fluminis; 25. 78 subitur excipulis veniriculo haedino. 2. = venabulum, a hunting spear on which the animals were caught as they sprang or charged : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 7 ' excipulum ' venabulum veteres dixerunt ; so Papias. Excolio, -as, to castrate; Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 107. Exercipes, a runner : Gloss. Philox. exercipes Spo/xeis. Exfetariio, -as, to purify : Placidus p. 42 D ' exfebruare ' ex- purgare. Exfreto, -as, verb den. from ex z.nA /return, = navigare : Gloss. Amplon. p. 328 'ex/retat' navigat. ExhibitSr (exhibeo), one who gives or provides ; of a dinner : Nonius p. 281 convivii exhibitor; Ps. Acr. Hor. 2. S. 8. 7 cenae. Of games: Arnob. 7.42. Exhortatio — Experientia. 45 1 Exhortatio, in the sense of consolation, TrapdKXi/o-tr : Itala Is. 57. 1 8 vias eius vidi et curavi eum et dedi ei exhortationem veram (Ronsch S. B. p. 29). Eximius. The following note from Donatus on Ter. Hec. i. 1 . 9 is worth quoting : ' Eximia ' pecora dicuntur quae a grege excepta sunt ad usus dominorum suorum, ut uberius pascantur . Pro- prie ' eximius porcus ' est exemptus grege, et signatus macula et nota. Exlaudo, -as (or elaudo), to praise excessively : Paul. p. 76 M ; Placidus p. 42 D. Exoratio, in the sense of propitiation (c^tXacr/His) : Itala Ezech. 45. 19 et accipiet sacerdos de sanguine exorationis \ i loh. 2. 2. ap. Rufiii. Comm. Orig. in Epist. ad Roman. 3. 8 (Ronsch S. B. p. 29). Expensa, -ae, in the sense of mortar: Salv. G. D. 3. i. i non sunt solubili luto posita [/undamenta operis) nee temporali lapide con- structa, sed sacrarum expensarum confectione valida; so impensa Vulg. Sirac. 22. 21 caementa sine impensa posita contra faciem venti non permanebunt. Experientia, -ae {experiens). 1. The quality of the experiens, i. e. readiness to try, boldness in making new trials, love of discovery, readiness to make a venture, or as an act, trial, trying, making trial, venturing : Varro ap. Gell. i. 18. 2 experientiam laus sequitur; R. R. I. 18. 7 bivium enim nobis ad culturam dedit natura, ex- perientiam (trial) et imitationeni ; ib. i. 18. 8 experientia temptare quaedam; i. 19. 2 triplicem regulam, superioris domini institutum, et vicinorum, et experientiam quandam ; Lucr. 5. 1452 usus et impigrae simul experientia mentis; Plane, ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 18. 3 quae me ad hanc experientiam excitavit (to make this venture) ; Cic. Tusc. 4. 56 aegritudinem suscipere pro experientia (to incur annoyance instead of trying); Verg. G. r. 4 apibus quanta experientia parcis; 4. 316 unde nova ingressus hominum experientia cepit; Manil. i. 61 per varies usus arfem experientia fecit ; Gels. i. prooem. qui se efineipiKovs ab experientia nominant; Tac. H. 5. 6 cuius legendi usum . . . experientia docuit ; Serv. G. 3. 456 maiores enim expugnantes religionem totum in experientia conlocabant. Followed by gen. of the thing tried : Cic. Rab. Post. 43 experientia patrimonii amplificandi labentem; Ov. M. i. 225 experientia veri; 7. ^j,l fide{—fidei)\ Veil. 2. 78. 2 belli experientia durabat exercitum. 2. The result of trying, experience: Cels. i. prooem. ratio idem doceat quod experientia; so very often in Tac, e.g. A. 14. 36 vetus mile's Gg 2 452 Experimentum — Exustuosus. et mulia proeliorum experientia ; elsewhere he has rerum experientia, experientia probatos, and the like. Experimenttun. 1. An example r Itala lac. 5. 10 acciptte experimentum, fratreSyde malis passionibus. 2. Know- ledge: Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 10. i linguae huius experimentum (Ronsch S. B. p. 30). Experio, -is, act. form oiexperior: Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct, 6 ' experiunt ' deprobant. Expiatorius. 1. Fit to expiate an evil omen : Serv. A. 3. 264 meritos honor es, congruos, i.e. expiatorios. 2. Purifying, expiatory : Augustin. C. D. 21. 13 mundetur per poenas expia- iorias. ExpSsitio, in the sense of 1. A putting off : Tert. Pall. 5 nullius profecto alterius indumenti expositio quam togae gratulatur. 2. Concr. = eKde/ia, a place of exposure, i. e. a brothel : Itala Ezech. 16. 24 /ecisti tibi expositionem (Vulg. prostibulum) in omni platea (Ronsch S. B. p. 30). Exprodo, to shut out : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' exprodere ' excludere, ' exprodita ' exclusa ; so Gloss. Hild. and Papias. Expugnare domum, applied to a seducer or adulterer : Sen. Exc. Contr. 3. 5 (p. 369 Bursian) expugnatam domum lugeo, ereptam virginitatem consolor ; Quint. Decl. 262 (p. 73 Ritter) alienam domum expugnavi ; so perhaps Verg. A. 10. 93 we duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter ? Expugnosus, glossed as = bellicosus : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 165. Exsensus, without feeling: Laevius ap. Gell. 19. 7. 3 mente exsensa ; form exsensis {si I. c.) Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 196 'exsensis' extra sensum. Exsdlutid = interpretation : Int. Iren. 5. 20. i in exsolutione {imaginis) ait Daniel; ib. 5. 25. 3 in exsolutione visionum. Exsumptiio, -as, to impoverish : Glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 425. Extisplcus, one who inspects entrails : Glosses ap. Lowe P. G. P- 379) Glossae Nominum p. 143. Extrunco, -as, to pull up, trunk and all : Gloss, ap, Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' extruncare' eruere, eradicare. Exustuosus, glossed as = torridus : Glossae Nominum p. 165 Lowe. P — Pactura. 453 P. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing this letter is thus described : Marias Vict. p. 34 Yi f litteram. imum labium superis imprimentes dentibus reflexa ad palati fastigium lingua leni spir amine proferemus ; Terent. Maur. p. 332 K imum superis dentibus imprimens labellum, Spiramine leni, velut hirta Graia vites, Hdnc ore sonabis ; Mart. Cap. 3. 261 / denies (spirant) labrum inferius deprimentes. Comp. Quint. 12. 10. 29 (_/) inter discrimina dentium efflandd est. In the iirst century and earlier the Latin f was not pronounced as the Greek ^, and this was the tradition of the schools; Quint, i. 4. 14; Ter. Maur. 1. c. (who means by hirta Graia the Greek ^, hirta being = 8ao-ea) ; Macrob. Exc. p. 606 K f apud Latinos Saa-i non est, quia non hahent consonantes Sacriias; Prisc. I. p. 12 K says non fixis labris pronuntianda est f, quomodo ph, atque hoc solum interest ; but it is not clear what this means, nor again whether Priscian is reporting the usage of his own time, or merely repeating the earlier doctrine. The similarity of form sometimes caused confusion between the Latin f and the Greek digamma ; see Macrob. 1. c, Prisc. i. p. 35 K. As an abbreviation, F may stand for the names Flavia, Flaviensis, Fah- rateria, Fortuna ; and for the words figlina, filius, filia (with their cases), fundus, fiscus,funus, flamen, frumentum, fidelis,felix, faciunt, facto, fecit, fecerunt, fieri, faciundum. FabellatSr, a talker; Glossae Nominum p. 46 Lowe 'fabel- lator ' sermocinator, Fataello, -as, to talk : Gloss. Hild. 'fabulor ' fabellor (which Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 155 emenisfabello). FabricatSr = a smith : Gael. Aur. Chron. 3. 4. 6 aquae ex lacu, in quo saepissime candens ferrum fabricatores tingunt (Ronsch S. B. p. 30). Fabiilo, -onis, a talker : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 384. Faciens, as t. t. of Grammar, of a simple form as opp. to a derivative, e. g. aqua as opp. to aqualis : Pliny ap. Charis. p. 1 18 K. Paetivus, active, strenuous : Gloss. Hild. F. 23 'f active' active, strenue. Factura. 1. Make, manufacture : the lexx. illustrate from Pliny, Gellius, and the Vulgate : add Ti. Donatus on Aen. 5. 262 trilicem facturam : Gloss. Cyrill. noirjinsfactura. 2. Conor., a thing made : Itala Is. 29. 16 numquid dicit . . .factura ei qui se fecit, etc. (Ronsch S. B. p. 30, who gives other instances from late Latin).. 454 Pacundus — Panum. PacTindiia and fSeundla, of eloquence in writing : Hor. A. P. cui leda patenter erit res, Nee facundia deseret hunc nee lucidus or do. Quint. 8. I. 3 T. Livio, mirae facundiae viro; Mart. 5. 30. 3 facundi scaena Catulli; 14. 189. 2 facundi Properti; Stat. Silv. I. 4. 28-30 sen plana solutis Cum struts orsa modis, sen cum tibi dulcis in artum Frangitur, et nostras curat facundia leges. Paesasius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 3523 (Furfo in Regio iv). Palclto, -as, to prune, cut a\yay : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 and 7j and other glosses ap. Lowe P. G. p. 384 'fakitat' putat, secat. Paled, -onis {falx), 1. One whose great toes are turned inwards : Paul. p. 88 M falcones dicuntur quorum digiti pollices in pedibus intro sunt curvati, a similitudine falcis \ so Gloss. Philox., , falcones hanvKoi TToSwv ea-m ^XenovTis ; Gloss. Epin. 10. A. I ; Serv. A. lo. 146 guod hanc (Capuam) quidam Falco condidisset, cui pollices pedum curvi fuerunt, quem ad modum falcones aves hahent, quos vires Tusci capyas vacant; so Isid. Or. 12. 7. 57 ' capus' Italica lingua dicitur a capiendo. Hunc nostri falconem vacant, quod incurvis digitis sit. 2. A falcon: Serv. and Isid. 11. cc; Gloss. Hild. F. 38. Palerius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 114 (Brundisium) ; 514, 515 (Venusia). rallatdr (from lost vtih fallare), a deceiver : Glossae Nominum p. 46 Lowe 'fallator' simulator. Pallibilis, fallible : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 385. Palliseus, -i, a knife: Placidus p. 43 D 'forco' quem nunc falliscum appellamus, nunc cultrum. Famigerulus, one who brings rumours : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. P- 385- Famiilosus, rich in slaves: Porph. Hor. Epod. 2. 65. The gloss ap. Lowe P. G. 385 'famulosus ' serviens, should perhaps be corrected '■famulans ' serviens. Fanum (the neuter of a lost adj. fanus meaning ' declared,' ' proclaimed '), properly a spot dedicated to a god, whether with a building upon it or not. Fanum is the most general word for a consecrated place or a temple ; the difference between fanum. and templum being that a fanum must be con- secrated by the pontifices, while a templum is marked out by the augures : Varro L. L. 6. 54 hinc fana nominata quod pantifices in sacranda fati sunt finem; Paul. p. 88 '^ fanum a Fauna dictum, sive afando, quod cum pontifex dedicat certa verba profatur ; Liv. 5. 50. 2 senatus consultum facit,fana omnia, quod ea hostis possedisset. Pariolus — Patigatio. 455 restituerentur , terminarenlur expiarenturque ; lO. 37. 14 Fabius scrihit . . . in ea pugna lovis Statoris aedem voiam, ut Romulus ante voverat : sed fanum tantum, id est locus templo effatus,/uerat ; ceterum hoc demum anno ut aedem etiam fieri senatus iuberet, bis eiusdem voti damnata re publica, in religionem venit. The phrase sistere /ana (comp. Livy's restituere /ana) meant to mark out and consecrate places for future temples, or for the lectiin the lecti- sternium (Fest. p. 351 M). ks, /anatica arbor meant a tree struck by lightning (Paul. p. 92 M) it follows that a place struck by lightning could be called/a««»z. The word also included nemora and luci, sacella and delubra (Marquardt, Alterthumer 3. p. 147 foil.). Paridlus, the old Latin for hariolus : Scaurus p. 1 3 K quern, antiqui '/ariolum ' nos ' hariolum ' ; Gloss. Epin. 10 A. 4 '/ariolus' vates ; Gloss, ap. Hagen Gradus ad Criticen p. 25 : Gloss. Philox. pariolus (i. e./ariolus) npo<^-qTr]s. Farrago, -inis, or ferrago, f. (masc. according to Charis. p. 65 K). 1. Mixed green food for cattle : Gloss. Hild. F. 104 '/errago ' viridis pastio ; Gloss. Cyrill. ypdaris, x^^pos x°f"'°'> /"■'''- rago : so Philox. Varro R. R. i. 31. 5 ex segete, ubi sata ad- mixta hordeum et vicia et legumina pabuli causa, viridia quod /erro caesa, /errago dicta : aut quod primum in /arracia segete seri coepium; Paul. p. 91 M '■/arrago' appellatur id quod ex pluribus satis pabuli causa datur iumentis; comp. Col. 2. 7. 2 ; Isid. Or. 17. 3. 14 ' /arrago ' a/arre est : est enim herba hordeacea adhuc viridis, necdum granis ad maturitatem turgentibus. Verg. G. 3. 205 crassa/arragine (where Med. giyes/erragine); Pers. 5. 77. (where the MS. C, a good one, \y2& /erragine). Met., luv. i. 86 nostri /arrago libelli. 2. The name was also given to a crop raised from what seed might remain in the husks of spelt or barley : Plin. 18. 142 /arrago ex recrimentis /arris praedensa seritur, ad- mixta aliquando et vicia. Part6r, -6i:iB = nomenclator : Paul. p. 88 M '/artores ' nomencla- tores, qui clam velut in/ercirent nomina salutatorum in aurem candidati; Ps. Acr. Hor. 2. S. 3. 229 '/artor' . . . alias nomenclator ; Placidus p. 46 D '/artorV nomenclatori. This is very probably its meaning in Hor. 1. c. cum scurris /artor, cum Velabro omne macellum ; a nomenclator would be more naturally associated with scurrae than a sausage-maker. Passio = con/essio. Lib. Glossarum ap. Lowe P. G. p. 385. Patigatio, in the sense of mockery : Rufin. Int. Joseph. Antiqq. 45<5 Fatis — Paunius. 6. 4 quaerenduvi se non sine eorum fatigatione fecit (Ronsch S. B. p. 31, who gives other references). Fatis, -is, ace. -im, subst.,= weariness; whence was formed adv. /atim,=^ abundantly : Serv. A. i. 124 '/atim ' enim dbundanter dici- mus ; Paul. p. 1 1 quotes from Terence ' ad f atim ' = ad lassitudinem. Fatuelus (not Fatuellus) {/ari), name of a god of augury : Serv. A. 6. 775, 7. 47. Favea, -ae, a maid-servant : Gloss. Philox. fabea iraiSla-Krj, fdbeus Ttals. Plaut. Mil. 795 Rib. quasique hunc anulum suaefaveae dederit. Conj. by Scaliger in luv. 6. 354 ior flavam : nutricem, et /aveam, cui det mandata, puellam ; where the scholia say flavam Q/aveani) puellam minor em per quam adulteris suis mandet. There was a nomen Favius, or Fovius, in old Latin : Paul. p. 87 Fovii, qui nunc Favii dicuntur ; a nomen Favius is found C. I. L. 5. 1204 (Aquileia). Favisfir, -oris, or favissor, subst. m., ag. {loiri/aveo, one who backs or encourages ; ^ fautor : Gloss. Epinal. 10. A. 6 'favisor' fautor. The word occurs Gell. 14. 3. 9 ; Apul. Apol. 93 ; and in later authors. Favissa, -ae, subst. f., a subterranean chamber for the reception of old statues or other lumber : Varro ap. Gell. 2. 10. 3 said esse (^favissas) cellas quasdam et cisternas, quae in area sub terra essent, ubi reponi solerent signa Vetera, etc. So Paul. p. 88 M ; Nonius p. 112; Placidus p. 43 D. [The form is doubtful. According to Varro 1. c. the old Latin form -913.5 flavissae, and so the MSS. of Nonius 1. c. In the passages of Paulus and Placidus the MSS. gnt favissae. Favissa (if the right form) should be connected with favus, fovea, probably fau-ces, and the Greek (^m-Xedy ; comp. for the change of vov^tl, favillafoveo, Favius Fovius, vacuus vocuus. The end of the word is analogous to that of nec-esse,fort-asse^ Faunius (Faunus), Faunian, an epithet given to the Saturnian verse, or verse sung by the Fauni or ancient bards of Italy : Mar. Vict. p. 139 K versus cui prisca apud Latium aetas tamquam Italo et indigenae Saturnio sive Faunio nomen dedit; Placidus p. 44 D 'fauniorum modorum,' antiquissimorum versuum, quibus Faunum celebrabant. Comp. Varro L. L. 7. 36 ' versibus quos dim Fauni vatesque canebant.' Fauni dei Latinorum, ita ut et Faunus et Fauna sit: hos versibus, quos dicant Saturnios in silvestribus locis traditum est solitosfari, \a\ quo fando Faunas dictos. Comp. Fest. p. 325 M; lustin. 43. I ; Serv. A. 7. 47. Calpurnius twice speaks of Faunus Pecundia — Peronia. 457 as the patron of poetry: Eel. i. 91 sed bona facundi veneremur numina Fauni; 4. 61 fistula tauros Conciliat nostroque sonat dul- cissima Fauno. Faunus would then seem to stand for /onus {-^avos) and to mean originally ' the speaker ' ; though in the popular mythology the Fauni became gods of the country, like the Greek Haves, sometimes givers of oracles, sometimes mischievous or malignant fairies : Cic. N. D. 3.15; Verg. A. 7 several times ; Lucr. 4. 580; Verg. A. 8. 314; Plin. 25. 29, 30. 84, etc. Feeundia {/ecundus), fruitfulness : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 385. Felice, -onis {fllix or filix), a weed, a worthless fellow : Paul, p. 86 M 'felicones' malt et nullius usus, afelice didi; whence Os- bern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 242 ' filicones' inuHles ut filix herla. Femellarlus, adj., fond of women: Isid. Or. 10. 157 and Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 and 7 ^/emellarius ' feminis deditus, quern antiqui ' mulierarium ' appellahant. Fenta, -ae, name of a goddess of prophecy: Arnob. i. 36 Fenia Fatua, Fauni uxor. (Connected with_/a-, to speak, as ventus with va-, to blow.) Feraseo, glossed as =:/erum facere : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 106; Gloss. Sangall. p. 159 Warren. Feretrius, -i, epithet of Jupiter. According to Livy i. 10 the temple of luppiter Feretrius was the oldest temple in Rome. The name was derived either from /ero or ferio; and from fero in different senses. Liv. i. 10. 6 explains it as = the god to whom arms were borne and consecrated : so Prop. 4. 10. 47 ; Paul. p. 92 M quod pacem ferre putareiur ; Gloss. Epinal. p. 10 B 26 says 'feretrius' feriilis. Prop. 4. 10. 45 suggests an etymology a feriendo, striking the victim ; and Verrius Flaccus may have started the same idea, for Paul. p. 92 says ex cuius (Jovis Feretrii) templo sumebant sceptrum per quod iurarent, et lapidem silicem quo foedus ferirent. Nep. Att. 20. 3; Flor. i. i. 11. Met., Amori Feretrio: Terent. Maur. 2633 (p. 403 K). The meaning /^r/z'/w seems the simplest. Feronia, -ae, name of a goddess worshipped mainly in Etruria and in the Sabine territory, but also in Umbria, Latium, and among the Volsci. . Her principal shrines were at the foot of Mount Soracte in Etruria, and at Trebula Mutuesca among the Sabines ; inscriptions to her are also found at Amiternum, among the Sabines, and Aveia of the Vestini (I. R. N. 57S3, 5983), and at Aquileia, C. L L. 5. 8218. Her temple at Anxur is mentioned 458 Peroniensis — Pidicula. by Verg. A. 7. 800, and Hor. i. S. 5. 24. She was a goddess of the fields and of fertility: Gloss. Hild. F. 102 'Feronia' dea agrorum \ and also of freedom from slavery : Varro ap. Serv. A. 8. 564 in huius tetnplo Terracinae sedile lapideum fuit, in quo hie versus incisus erat : 'bene meriti servi sedeant, surgant liberi! Quam Varro libertorum deam dicit Feroniam sicut Fidoniam ; Varro L. L. 5. 74 Feronia, Minerva, Novensides, a Sabinis. In Verg. A. 8. 564 she is the mother of the monster Erulus (localised at Praeneste). Liv. 22. I. 18 speaks of her as the goddess of freedmen: else- where he mentions the lucus Feroniae. Lucus Feroniae was the name of a colony in Etruria: Plin. 3. 51. IFeroniensis, -e, adj. from Feronia, belonging to Feronia : C. I. L. 5. 8307, 8308 (Aquileia). Feronlus, adj., belonging to Feronia: Fast. p. 197 M pieus Feronius. Ferrumen, in the sense of steel : Gloss. Philox. ferrumen o-to- fiaifjia; Glossae Nominum p. 47 Lowe '/erumen' aeer (read acia- rium). FertSr, one who makes a libation with /erium : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 385 'fertores ' ferio libantes. Festalis, adj. from festus, festal : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 385 '/estalis' sollemnis : '■festales dies' festi. '^.fesiale, a festival: Gloss, ib. '/esialia' dies festi; Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 245 ' festale ' fesiiviias. Festinitas {/estinus) = velocitas : Glossae Nominum p. 47 Lowe. Fictio = hypocrisy: Itala Luc. 12. i altendite vobis a fermento, quae est fictio Pharisaeorum; Ronsch S. B. p. 31, who gives other instances from late Latin. Fldiciila, -ae, subst. fern, oi fides, a string: ace. to Prise, i. p. 105 K the nom. was fidis ; so Serv. A. 6. 120; Gloss. Philox. fidis Xvpa: Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. pp. 207, 240. 1. A lyre : Isid. Or. 3. 21. 4 veteres autem citharam fidiculam vel fidicemi^) nominaverunt; Paul. p. 87 M 'fides' citharae genus, . . . cuius demi- nutivum fidicula est. Cic. N. D. 2. 22 fidiculae sonantes. As the name of a constellation, the Lyre: Col. .11. 2. 36; Plin. 18. 222. 2. An instrument of torture, ropes used for racking the limbs, or the hooks by which they were fastened : Placidus p. 47 D 'fidiculae ' sunt ungulae, quibus torquentur in eculeo adpensi; so Isid. Or. 5. 27. 20 ; Gloss. Cyrill. Spyauov ^acraviarripiov, fidicula, and other glosses. Sen. Ir. 3. 3. 6 eculei et fidiculae ; 3. 19. i fidiculis,ialaribus, eculeo ; Pidifragus — Plagrum. 459 Quint. Decl. 19. 12 extr. (E-arva.^ tendebam fidkulas ratione saevitiae ; Sueton. Cal. 33 exquisiturum se vel fidiculis de Caesonia sua ; and in other later authors. Fidifragus, adj., breaking one's faith : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. P- 385 'fidifragus ' refragus fidei. Pigura, as t. t. of Grammar, the form of a word: Charis. p. 157 K.figura in pronominibus aut simplex est aut composiia, ut ' quisquis! Comp. Consent, p. 349 K. Figuratio, a grammatical formation, as of a compound or derivative : Gell. 17. 2. 16 (not 19 as Ronsch quotes it) ' diurnare' . . . ex ea figuratione est qua dicimus ' perennare' ; Non. p. 94 'cine/actum ' . . . figuratio, ut ' tepef actum' et ' labef actum ' (Ronsch S. B. p. 32). Figuro, -as, in the sense of declining a verb : Diom. p. 385 K. Filo, -as, verb den. iromjilum, to spin : Gloss. Hild. N. 'neverant' filaverant; so Glosses ap. Lowe P. G. p. 409. The word is quoted in the lexx. from Arnobius iun. and Venantius Fortunatus. Finis, as translation of reXof, a tax : Gloss. Hild. p. 289 ' vectigaV finis vel exactio publica (Ronsch S. B. p. 32). FlnitivTis and finitus, as 1. 1. of Grammar. 1. Of moods : - Quint. 1.6. 7 ; Charis. p. 164 K qualitas verborum aut finita est aut infinita. Qualitas verborum finita est quae notat certum numerum, certum modum, certum tempus, certam personam, ut ' lego^ ' scribo.' Infinita est quae nihil certum habet, ut ' legere,' ' scribere.' Finitivum perfectum, the perfect indicative : Charis. p. 1 74. Fini- tiva coniunctio, a conjunction taking the indicative : Palaemon ap. Charis. p. 226. 2. (From Pliny) of pronouns confined to a single person, as hie, ilk, etc. : Cledon. pp. 49, 50 K ; Charis. pp. 157, 158, 162; Diom. p. 329; Prob. Inst. p. 131. Quis, quantus, qualis are called infinita, as of a meaning quae cuilibet personae potest aptari: Charis. p. 158. Ipse, iste, is, idem, sibi are called minus quam finita : Prob. p. 132 ; Cledon. pp. 14, 50, 52. 3. Of adverbs, defining a particular time : Charis. p. 187 K tem- poris adverbia sunt infinitiva, velut ' olim,' ' aliquando "... Item temporis finitiva adverbia, ' hodie^ ' eras,' 'perendie.' So in Charis. p. 188 infinita is applied to adverbs expressing general direction, such as sursum and dear sum. Pirmilla, cogn. f. : C. I. L. 9. 22 (Rudiae); and elsewhere in inscr. Fistiilo, -as = sibilo, to whistle : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 385. Flagrum = a fillet, apparently a peculiarity of the dialect of 460 Flagurrio — Poculo. Praeneste : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' taeniae ' vitiae sacerdotum, apud Praenestinos flagra (Ronsch S. B. p. 32). riagurrio, to burn ; Gloss. Philox. flagurrit (jAeyii.. (For the ter- mination comp. ligurrio, fig-ura, scat-urrio, and perhaps obsc-urus.) Flamomum, -i, subst. n. (so, and not flaminium), the office of Flamen. The form flamonium is given by the best MSS. in Cic. Phil. 13. 41; Liv. 26. 23 fin,; Tac. A. 4. 16, 13. 2; Suet. Aug. 31; and in the following inscr. : C. I. L. 2. 1936, 1939, 2195, 2221 (Spain); 3. 1134 (Dacia), and in several African in- scriptions (C. I. L. 8); in Gloss. Amplon. p. 333 '■flamonium' honor qui datur flaminibus ; Gloss. Hild. F. 171; Gloss. Sangall. p. 158 'WdiXien. flammonius honor. (Mommsen, Ephemeris Epigra- phica I. pp. 221-2.) Flato, -as, in met. sense of blowing out or swelling : Placidus p. 46 D 'flatare ' auger e vel amplum facer e. Plaxo, -as (or fraxo ?), glossed as = vigilias circumire : Placidus p. 44 D (flaxare) ; Paul. p. 91 M has 'fraxare ' vigilias circumire. Perhaps flaxtabula, the title of Varro's Satura mpi iirapxiSiv, may be connected with this word. rioretum, a flower-garden : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 386. Florus, -a, -um, adj. from flos (comp. soporus from sopor, etc.), bright, flower-like : Gloss. Cyrill. av8t)p6s florus, viridis, floridus ; Epinal. 10 C. 3 'flores' (^florei) hilar es. Est sermo Ennianus says Serv. A. 12. 605 ; Naev. 50 (Ribbeck) ut videam Volcani opera haec flammis fieri flora ; Pacuv. 1 9 floros crines ; Gavius Bassus ap. Gell. 3. 9. 3 flora ei comanti iuba; Verg. A. 12. 605 floros crines ; C. I. L. 9. 5925 florae crescentiae eius. numlnalis, -e, adj. from flumen, belonging to a river: add to the instances in the lexx. Nonius p. 535 'lintres,' naves fluminales (where the Paris MS. reads fluminares). Flusar, the Sabellian name of a month, =floralis : C. I. L. 9. 3513 (Furfo in Reg. iv; perhaps B.C. 58). Poeillo, -as, to strangle: Gloss. VhWas.. facillare i^ faucillare) arpayyaXicrm. Foculo, -as, or foello, also depon. focilor, verb den. from foculum, to cherish, warm, so to revive, bring to life : Plin. Epist. 3. 14. 3, 3. 16. 12 ; Suet. Vita Verg. 31 aegre focilata est; Cypr. Ep. A,ofocilatus a comitihus. Met., Varro Vita P. R. 2. ap. Non. p. 481 suum quisque commodum focilantur {\mg or cherish); Sen. Ep. 13. 14 tam lenibus te remediis focilare (tend); Suet. Aug. 17 Poculmn — Poedo. 4<5i soa'eias reconciliationibus variis aegre focilata (kept alive) ; Cypr. Ep. 1 8. 2 partem quae lapsa est . , . vestro solacio focilate. [There seems no reason for separating_/o<:a/o quoted by Non. p. lo and Osbern (ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 213) horo. /ocilo. The spelling /tf«7/o is found in Gloss. VhWoji. focillai 6to7reu'« ; but the same glossary gives refocilat, not refocillat7\ Foculum, -i, subst. n., lit. an instrument for warming or nourishing: Nonius p. 10 '■focula' dicta sunt nutrimenta ■ , .; Plaut. Pers. (104 R) ' at edes, nam iam intus ventris fumant focula : Calefieri iussi reliquias' (the comforters of your stomach). From fo, to warm, as e. g. po-culum from po-, to drink ; not to be con- fused with fociilus, dim. oi focus. Fdcus, in the sense of fire. A number of instances of this use, beginning with Columella, are quoted by Ronsch S. B. pp. 32, 33. Poedo, -as (foedus, which originally means cloudy or misty). 1. Of the sky, to cloud over, darken : Sail. fr. ap. Serv. A. 2. 285 nubes foedavere lumen; so met., Verg. 1. c. quae causa indigna serenos Foedavit vultus'i Lucan i. 558 dirasque diem foedasse vo- lucres Accipimus; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1. 162 piceaque gravatum Foedat nube diem ; VI Cons. Hon. 538 aer . , , adsiduo nactem foedaverat imbre. 2. To make foul, pollute: Lucr. 4. 844 foedareque membra cruore; Sail. H. i. 22 cum arae . . . suppli- cum sanguine foedarentur ; . Catull. 64. 224 canitiem ferro atque inmundo pulvere foedans ; Verg. A. 2. 539 patrios foedasti funere vultus; 3. 221 contactuque omnia foedant Immundo ; 12. ggfoedare in pulvere crines; Tibull. 2. 6. 43 lacrimis oculos; Ov. M. 8. 528 pulvere canitiem; and in later poets; Tac. H. 3. 84 domos arasque cruore; and elsewhere in Latin. 3. =.foede lacerare, to disfigure, mar, as with blows and the like: Plaut. Amph. 246 R foedant ac proterunt hostium copias ; Enn. Tr. 442 ferro foedati iacent; Cic. Tusc. 2. 24 (in poetry) perenni vivum foedat miseria; Verg. A. 2. 55 Argolicas ferro foedare latebras ; 3. 2^1 ferro foedare volucres; /^.G'j^unguibus orasororfoedans et pectora pugnis; 7.575 foedatique ora Galaesi; 11. 85 pectora nunc foedans pugnis ; Tac. H. 3. 77 verberibus foedaius. 4. Of ravaged land: Liv. 3. 26. i foedati agri. 5. In metaphorical applications: Plaut. Trin. 656 utrem patriam et gloriam maiorum foedarim meum; Cic. Har. Rasp. 32 sacella . . . summa turpitudine foedata; 49 togatum do- mesiici belli exiinciorem nefario scelere foedasset ; Scaur. 2. 2. p. 956 Orelli [memoriam'] iuventutis suae rerumque gestarum. senectutis dede- core foedavit; Lucr. 3. \^ foedati crimine turpi; Liv. 3. 32. 4 multi- 46a PoUesco — Forco. plici clade foedatus annus; lustin. 36. 4. i accepium regnum caedibus amicorum et cognatorum suppliciis foedabat; Curt. 5. 7 (22). i indo- lem vini cupiditate ; in Tac. often ; e. g. ne vestis Serica viros foedaret: rem publicamfoedare sanguine : vitam servitio : feminarum senaiorumgue plures per harenamfoedati sunt, etc. PoUesco, -is, to swell up: Gloss. Epinal. p. 9. C. 28 'follescit' tumescit. Pomes, -itis, or fomis, subst. m., originally appears to have meant a shoot, twig, or piece cut away from a tree : Paul. p. 75 M ' defomitatum', a fomitihus succisum. It is variously explained by the ancient scholars : Paul. p. 84 M quotes Aurelius Opilius as making fomites = adustas vites; another opinion which he cites explained it as = assulae ex arboribus, dum caeduniur, excussae; another said that it meant originally the sparks struck by a hammer from red-hot iron, and was so applied metaphorically to chips of wood. The opinion that fames = assula is also quoted by Serv. A. i. 176 and Isid. Or. 17. 6. 26. Servius Clodius, cited by Serv. 1. c, explained fomites as = taleae excisae ex arboribus, and also as ligna cavata. With this agrees Script. De Id. Gen. p. 578 "^^ fomis TO (ppiyavov, to ireKimrfjia =3 Charis. Exc. p. 552 K. Fomes means the material from which heat or fire can be elicited, fuel, in Verg. A. i. 176 rapuitque in fomiie flammam; Plin. 16. 208 teritur ergo lignum ligno igTiemque concipii adtriiu, excipiente mater ie aridi fomitis, fungi vel foliorum facillimo conceptu; Lucan 8. 776 excitat invalidas admoto fomiie flammas. So met., fuel or material: Gloss. Sangall. p. 159 Warren 'fomites' initia, inci- tamenta: so Gloss. Amplon. p. 333, Hild. F. 204. Gell. 15. 2. 3 fomitem . . . dicens et incitabulum ingenii virtutisque si mens et corpus igne flagraret; Cypr. De Hab. Virg. i fomes ac nutrimenium bonae indolis ; ib. 1 8 quibus libidinum fomes accenditur ; De Lapsis 1 4 peccandi fomitem subministrat, nee comprimit delicta ilk sed nutrit; Oros. 3. 12. II suggerendo contentiones, bellorum fomites ; 5. 24. 15 ar denies sudes spar si sunt, multaque incendia ex uno fomiie diffu- derunt. (Probably iroro. fov-, to keep warm.) » Pomlto, -as {fomes), to cut shoots or chips away from a tree : Placidus p. 45 'fomitat,' fomitibus exassulat. Force. 1. A kind of knife : Placidus p. 43 D 'forco ' quem nunc falliscum appellamus, nunc cultrum. 2. An axe ; ib. alias securis, qua pontifices in sacris utuntur, dicta ab eo quod feriendo petal. Porio — Prequens. 463 PSrio, -is : Schol. luv. 3. 38 'forire ' est pro deonerare venirem, '/orire' enimforas eicere; comp. Gloss. Amplon. p. 333. Forma = 1. sort, quality : Edict. Diocl. 8. i pellis Babu- lonica primae formae ; ib. 8. 6, 8. 9 primae, secundae formae (Ronsch S- B- P- 33)- 2. In Law =^ formula : Fronto ad M. Caesarem 6 p. 14 Naber si decretum . . .placuerit, for mam dederis omnibus . . . magisiratibus, quid in eius modi causis decernant. So perhaps Verg. ^- 6. 61^ quae /orma viros/oriunave mersit; 'what law.' Gaius 4. 24 in forma legis Furiae : Schol. Bob. ad Cic. Plane, p. 261 Orelli, de cuius (legis) formae acerbitate ; Capitol. Anton. 6. 1 1 «'jr eorum sententiis formas composuit. Pormaster, adj. {formus, hot), baked : Placidus p. 43 D 'form- astro opere^ pistorio. Porino, in the sense of sketching out a literary work : Tac. D. 3 tragoediam intra me ipsa formavi: Suet. Vita Verg. 23 Aeneida . . . prosa oratione formatam. Other instances from Suetonius are quoted in the critical note there. Add Macrob. S. 5. 17. 4 ut librum Aeneidos suae quarium to turn paene {de Argonauticorum quarto) formaverit. Fractura, concr., a fragment {KKda-iia) : Itala Luc. 9. 17 subla- tum est reliquum fracturarum cophini duodecim (Ronsch S. B. p. 33). Praglo, -as -^fragro : Verg. G. 4. 169 (according to F and M) : Gloss. Hild. F. 226 'fraglantes' beneolentes. Fragosus {frango) = broken down : C. I. L. 3. 600 (Byllis) viam angustam, fragosam ; Amm. 21. 10. 4 latus . . .fragosis tra- mitibus impeditum. Lucr. 2. 860 has it in the sense of brittle. Fratellus or fratillus, -i, a flock of dirty wool on a carpet : Paul. p. 90 M 'fratilli' villi sordidi in tapetis; Placidus p. 45 D '■fratellis ' sordium glomusculis. Pratermis, in the sense of nephew, d8eX0t8os : only in Rufinus's transl. of Origen's commentary on Solomon's Song; e.g. i. 13 alligamentum gutiae fraternus meus (Ronsch S. B. p. 33). Fremisciiltis, -i, an ulcer formed in a horse's mouth by a hard bit : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 386. Frequens. It should be observed that this word was a 1. 1. in military phraseology for a soldier at his post : Donatus Ter. And. I. I. 80 'frequens,' ut miles apud signa. Ter. 1. c. (107) cum illis, qui amabant Chrysidem, una aderat frequens ; Cic. Verr. 5. 33 alea- toris Placentini castra aderant, in quibus cum frequens fuisset, tamen aere dirutus est; Sail. C. 18. 8 quia nondum frequent'es armati con- 4^4 Prondico — Punalis. venerant, ea res consilium diremit; Verg. G. i. 99 (where exercet and imperai are also military words) exercetquefrequens tellurem atque imperat arvis. The ordinary uses oi frequens, such 2,s frequens adesse,/requens senatus, municipium, etc., are easily deducible from this meaning. Compare the glosses on infrequens : Cincius De Re Mil. ap. Gall. 16. 4. 5 miles cum die qui prodictus est aberat neque excusatus erat , infrequens daiatur ; Paul. p. 112 M 'infrequens^ appellatur miles qui abest afuitve a signis ; so Placidus p. 59 D. Prondico, -as, to put forth leaves : Eutyches p. 462 K. Prondo, -as, to prune : Papias 'frondare ' pur gar e, putare ; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 7 'fronditur ' Qfrondaiur) putatur. Fronduciila, -orum, glossed as = quae ex frondibus ampu- tantur, Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 386. Pruetus, in the sense of offering, sacrifice (= KapTra/ia), often in Itala: e. g. Num. 15. 14 (Ronsch S. B. p. 34). Prumentum = wheat (6 nvpos) : Ronsch S. B. p. 34 gives instances from the Vulgate, Itala, and Rufinus. Prunita, n. p. f. : C. I. L. 9. 94 (Brundisium). Prustillatim {frustilluni), adv., into little bits: Nonius p. 112, who quotes Pomponius (i66 R) and an unnamed writer of saturae.. (The MSS. give frustilatim!) The word is also found Plant. Cure. 576 R. Pued, -onis {fucus) a flatterer : Gloss. Philox._/^fo ipyotiaxos. Puleralia = ornaments of a couch : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 386. Pulguriaeulum ^fulmen : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 165. Punalis, -e {funis). 1. Made of a rope : Cic. Sen. 44 funalis cereus ; so Val. Max. 3. 6. 4 ; Serv. Aen. 11. 143 'funalibus ' candelis sebo vel cera circumdatis ; Prudent. Peristeph. 5. ^6qfunale textum. Poet., ib. Psych, i^j, funali stridore (the noise of the thong of a sling). 2. Fastened by a rope : equus funalis = a horse fastened to the chariot by a rope on each side of the pair under the yoke : Stat. Theb. 6. 462 funalemque Thoan ; Suet. Tib. 6 sinisteriore funali equo. (In Auson. Epitaph. 33. 10, p. 84 Peiper, the true reading is laevus Arion Funis eai.) 3. Neut. funale used as subst. (a) A torch of rope covered with wax or fat : Isid. Or. 20. 10. 5 'funalia ' sunt quae intra ceram sunt, dicta a funibus, quos ante usum papyri cera circumdatos habuere maiores ; Serv. A. 11. 143; Verg. A. i. 727 noctetn flammis funalia vincunt; Punctio — Puto. 465 Hor. 3. C. 26. 7 ; Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mariae 206 ; and elsewhere in Latin. (b) A chandelier hung by a rope : Ov. M. 12. 247 &»«- padibus densumfunale coruscis. (0) The wick of a candle : Varro de Vita P. R. ap. Serv. Aen. i. 727 (but the reading is doubtful). Fonetio, in the sense of munus, a tax, payment in money : Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 17.2 immunis ah omnibus functionibus ; and elsewhere in the same work ; (Ronsch S. B. p. 34). Gloss. Philox. functio Xeirovpyla, Te\i(Tixa. Punctorius = transitorius : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 386. Fundiciilus, a little estate : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 386. Funditdr {/iendus), glossed as = possessor : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum, etc. p. 165. Funeriis, adj. iioia /unus, mourning: Serv. A. 9. 486 apud maiores (dicebant) funeras (edd. funereas) eas ad quas funus perti- nebat, ut sororem, matrem . . . ' Funeras ' autem dicebant quasi funereas, ad quas per tinet funus. Vel derivavit veteres secutus, ut funeram pro funesta dicer et, ut homo ' scelerus ' sicuti scelestus vel scelerosus dicitur. Compare with this Gloss. Amplon. p. 333. 98 'funera ' luctuosa. Perhaps then tua funera mater in Verg. 1. c. may = ' thy mourning mother.' Funis, in the sense of a measure of length (as axoims means a Roman mile) : Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 6. 5 decern funium tota node faciens iter (Ronsch S. B. p. 35). Fusieius, adj., easily melted : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 386 ^fusicium ' fusile,fusura. Futio, -is, to pour out: Prise, i. p. 131 K '■futio'' ex quo com- positum ' effutio! Futis, -is, or futtis, subst., ace. -ivi, a vessel for water, with a wide mouth and narrow bottom : Varro L. L. 5. 119 vas aqua- rium vocant 'futim,' quod in triclinia adlatam aquam infundebant ; described more fully by Serv. A. 11. 339 'futtis' vas quoddam est lato ore, fundo angusto, quo utebantur in sacris Vestae, quia aqua ad sacra hausta in terra non ponitur . . . unde excogitatum est vas quod stare non posset, sed positum statin effunderetur ; so Donat. Phorm. 5. I. 19, where rt2iA futim {ox futtile ; Comm. Cruq. Hor. A. P. 231 ; Placidus p. 44 D. (Fii-, the base oifii-di,fu-n-do.) I. Fiito, -as, freq. oi fundo: met., to confound in argument, convict : Paul. p. 89 M 'futare' arguere est, unde et ' confutare' ; Gloss. Amplon. p. 333 'futat' arguit. II. Futo, -as, freq. of fw, to be : Paul. p. 89 sed Cato hoc Hh 4<56 G — GavTis. {futare) pro saepius fuisse posuit ; Placidus p. 44 D ' futavit' fuit ; p. 45 'futavere ' fuere ; (in these places Corssen would read '■fudisse', 'fudit^ '/udere'). G. For the position of the vocal organs in pronouncing this letter see under C. Marius Vict. p. 33 K, after describing the manner of pronouncing c, szysg vim prioris pari linguae habitu suggerens lenius reddit. Mart. Cap. 3. 261 says g spiritus (reddii) cum palato. As an abbreviation, G may stand for Gains, Gallia, gemina, genius, garum. Gabbara, -ae, f., a mummy : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' gab- hares ' ( = gabbarae) mortuorum condiia corpora. Augustin. Serm. 361. 12 gabbaras ea {corpora) vacant. Gabbarus,= insulsus, barbarus: Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6. Gallieula, Galliciola, Gallaciola : read in good MSS. of Placidus p. 49 D, and glossed as = cortice nucis iuglandis viridis, per quem corpus humanum ititellegi vult. Comp. Gloss. Philox. gutulliocae (sic) xdpva fi^Kpd, irapa AovKiXKia, gulluca KapotoTop,ia. (Lowe, p. G. p. 298 foil., identifies this gloss with gullioca, and would correct both into callicula from callus ; but see culliolum) Gallulo, -as, to come to puberty : Nonius p. 116 (according to the MSS.) ' gallulare ' pubescere ; but the instance which he quotes from Novius has cuius vox gallulascit. (Probably two glosses in Nonius have been confused, one on gallulo, the other on gallulasco!) Galmiila, -ae, subst. f : glossed as = allec (i. e. alium) herba ilia quae similis est porrOj'hy Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 262 ; comp. Gloss. Epinal. p. 10 E. 15, 32 galmum molegn : galmilla limmolegn. Gandeia, -ae, according to a scholion on luv. 5. 89 [carina Micipsarum) the name of a kind of ship : Probm exponit cannam navem esse quae gandeia dicatur, ut sit gandeia Micipsarum . . . Gandeiam enim soli Afri, i. e. Zamaei, vel ut alii, Byzaceni, ut alii, Barcaei invenerunt. Ganeus, glossed as = luxuriosus : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 165. Garro, -onis : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' garro ' garrulus. Gavennlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 3353 (Pinna). Gavesco, -Is-, to rejoice: Gloss. Philox. gavescite, xa'P""*; galesco (=gavesco) x^^f- Gavus, servus, rusticus : Glossae Nominum p. 50 Lowe (prob- ably corrupt for Davus). Geganius — Glucidatus. 467 Geganlus, name of a Roman gens, fancifully derived by Varro from Gyas : Serv. A. 5. 117. The name is found in Liv. i. 30. 2 ; C. I. L. 10. 6488 (Ulubrae), 8043. 60 (Antium); Gigania ib. 8059. 182 (Naples). Geno, -is, to beget or bring forth, produce (the simple form of which gigno is the reduplication). Old legal formula ap. Cic. De Or. 2. 141 ; Inv. 2. 122 si mihi filius genitur ; so Dig. 30. 17. i, 34- 5- 13 (14)- 6; Varro R. R. i. 31. 4 ex fabuli segete secium ante quavi genat siliquas; 1. 40. i principium genendi; 2. 2. 19 Medica . . . genit lac ; 2. 6. 3 similes parentum genuntur ; Anda- batae fr. 1 1 sed quod haec loca aliquid genunt ; ap. Censorin. 3. i hie (genius) sive quod ut genamur curat sive quod una genitur no- hiscum . . . certe a genendo genius appellatur; Lucr. 3. 797 extra corpus durare genique ; Paul. p. 94 M genium appellabant deum qui vim oltineret rerum omnium genendarum (so I conjecture for geren- darum) ; Arnob. 4.21 genitur terrenarum proluvies bestiarum. Genus (or significatio) verbi, in Grammar, the character of a verb as active, passive, neuter, deponent, common : Consent, p. 167 K; Diom. p. 336 K; Cledon. p. 18 K. Gero : in grammar the term gerundi modus or gerundivus modus (so Servius Eel. 8. 72) is applied to the gerunds and supines : Cledon. p. 19 K ideo dicitur gerundi, quia nos aliquid gerere significat, ut puta ' legendi causa vcni' . . . ' ledum venio' ^ lectu fatigatus sum'; so Serv. G. 3. 215, 4. 483, al. Prob. Inst. p. 161 K al. Gerro, -onis, subst. m., a trifler : Paul. p. 40 M ^ gerrones ' {sic leg.) leves et inepti; Placidus p. 50 D -gerro' nugator, dictus a gerris ; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 'gerro ' neglegens ; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 117 ' gerronem' nugatorium; Philox. differently, ^errow^j, Xfipurrai, npoKTripei. Ter. Heaut. lo^^ gerro iners fraus helluo. Giler, gmus ligni: Glossae Nominum p. 51 Lowe : to be emended ' siler ' genus ligni, from Gloss. Epinal. p. 25. A. 35. Giiiela=5rnpa)Tis, a swelling under the ears : Gloss. Cyrill. iraparis, gingla ; Glossae Nominum p. 51 Lowe ' gingcla ' tumor sub auribus. Gladiosus, glossed as = ^i0^pi/r, Gloss. Philox. Glaebo (glaeba), a rustic: Gloss. Epinal. 11. A. 13 ' glebo' rusticus; further illustrated by Lowe P. G. p. 117. Gliieidatus, part. pass, from lost verb glucido —■ yKvKl^m, sweet- ened : Naevius ap. Varr. L. L. 7. 105 'glucidatus' suavis, tametsi a magistris accepimus mansuetum; Paul. pp. 55, 98 M; Gloss. Philox. glucidatus ^Suj. H h 2 468 Gluma — Gramiae. Gluma, -ae, subst. f., the husk enclosing the grain : according to Varro R. R. i. 48 the word was hardly known in his time, and he had only found it in the Euhemerus of Ennius. He thinks it is probably derived from glubo: so Paul. p. 98 M 'gluma' hordei tunicula, dictum quod glubatur id granum. A form glumus or glumum is preserved by Comm. Cruq. on Hor. 2. S. 6. 84 habet enim longum glumum ; Gloss. Philox. gluma, \iwupav Kptdqs. (From the base glu-, which appears again in glu-bo.) Gnarigatio {gnarigo, Paul. p. 95 M), a narration : Placidus p. 50 D (where the MSS. give gnari cantionum, i. e. gnarigationum : see the author's Lectures and Essays, etc. p. 356). Gnarro, -as, old form of narro ; Gloss. Fhilox. gnarral, Suyyelrai. Gnato, -as, to beget : Gloss. Philox. gnatare, Traidorroirja-ai. Gnavo, -as (gnavus), to be active about a thing : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 355 ' gnavaV for titer exsequitur. Gradivus, epithet of Mars. Mr. Minton Warren, in the American Journal of Philology, vol. iv. no. 13, has shown that Gradivus is the scanning adopted in forty-nine instances out of fifty-three where the word occurs in Latin poetry. To the forty- nine examples which he has collected from Vergil, Lucan, Seneca, Statius, Juvenal and Claudian, should be added one from an un- named poet quoted by Marius Victorinus p. 95 K sacer Edono Gradivo. The four instances of Gradivus are Ov. M. 6. 427 due entem forte Gradivo; Val. El. 5. 651 strepitumque minasque Gradivo; Sil. 15. 1^ flagret meliore Gradivo; 15. 337 calidoque halitata Gradivo. Mr. Warren and M. Brdal are inclined to con- nect the word with grandis, well-grown, and grandire, to make to increase, or to increase, so that Gradivus should = Grandivus. In Aen. 3. 35 foil, multa movens animo Nymphas venerabar agrestis Gradivomque patrem, Geticis qui praesidet arvis, Rite secundarent visus, Mr. Warren thinks it 'evident that Mars is invoked in both capacities, as Grandivus, presiding over the growth ofvirgulta (v. 23), and Averruncus,s.veT:img threatened evil' That Gradivus means the god of increase is highly probable ; and the word is further of interest as giving the unnasalized Latin equivalent of the stem of /3X(u5-po-s, which has recently been connected with grandis (see King and Cookson, Sounds and Inflexions, etc. p. 141). Gramiae, -arum, rimning at the eyes : Nonius p. 119 'gramiae' sunt pituitae oculorum; Paul. p. 96 M '■gramiae' sunt oculorum Gratiator — Gutta. 469 vitia, quas alii glamas vacant; Placidus p. 49 D ' gr amis', gremis (probably for glemis) quae sunt pituitae oculorum. Plin. 25. 155, where recent add. read gremiae. (= Greek ■yX^/iij. There were thus probably two forms, gramiae and glamae, or glemae, which should perhaps be read for gremae in Placidus.) GratiatSr, one who reconciles {gratiam conciliat) : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 410 ' arbiter ' gratiator. Gratiilatio, in the sense of joy, exaltation (ayoKKlaiia, navxw') '■ Vulg. Phil. I. 26 ut gratulatio vestra ahundet in Christo lesu in me; Rufin. Int. Joseph. Antiqq. 1 1 . 3 f estiva gratulatione celebrabant ; Vulg. Sirac. 6. 30 (22) coronam gratulationis (Ronsch S. B. P- 35)- Gravedo, a burden (of taxation) : Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 17. 1 1 gravedines {tS>v Te\S>v) quas Herodes in emptionibus et in publicis nundinis constituerat, auferri vociferabantur (Ronsch S. B. p. 35). Gravipes, a bustard : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum pp. 165-6, who restores it to Isid. Or. 12. 7. 13 for gradipes: 'gravipes' apud Graecos vacatur oris, apudnos avis tarda, eo quod gravi volatu detenta nequaquam ut ceterae valuer es attallitur velocitate pinnarum. Gravosus, adj., loaded : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 166 ' onustum,' plenum, oneratum, gravosum. Gressutus, moving upon feet: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 118 ' gressutus ' pedester. Gruit, imminet, incumbit: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 118. Grumo, -as {gruma), to mark out with a rule : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 118 'grumat' dirigit (for derigit). Gutta, as translation of the Greek araKT^, a kind of scent or unguent : Gloss. Cyrill. trraKTri gutta. Vulg. Ps. 45. 8 myrrha et gutta et cassia (where the English Revised Version renders ' aloes ') : Sirac. 24. 21 quasi storax et galbanus et ungula et gutta . . . vaporavi habitatianem meam ; Itala Cantic. i. 12 colligatio guttae consobrinus meus, where Vulg. ha.s fasciculus myrrhae (Ronsch S. B. pp. 35-6). The usage may be much older. Cic. Cluent. 71 says ipse canditor totius negotii Guttam aspergit huic Bulbo. Itaque minime amarus visus est iis, etc. The meaning of this passage would be clearer if gutta were taken as = araKTr] : comp. the proverb t6 iwl rfj ^aufi liipov, and Plautus's halitores muropalae aucupes Trin. 408. Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 263 s&ysguttum {ior guttam probably) quoddam unguentum. 47° Guttio — Herenicas. Guttio, -is {gutia), to drip: Gloss. Epin. ii. A. 25 ^ guttit' paulatim pluit. Gloss. Philox. give a form guttat = o-Ttifei : comp. Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 262 'guitiiare' saepe guitar e, quod et ' guttire' dicitur. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing the letter is thus described : Mar. Vict. p. 34 K (h pronuntiatur) profunda spiritu, anhelis faucibus, exploso ore; Ter. Maur. p. 331 K nulli dubium. est faucibus emicet quod ipsis H littera, sive est nota, quae spiret anhelum; Mart. Cap. 3. 261 h contractis paululum faucibus ventus exhalat. As an abbreviation, H may stand for Hercules and its cases ; Hispana, Hispania, heres and its cases ; homo and its cases ; honor and its cases ; hora, horrearius, hostts, hie (pro- noun) and its cases ; honesta, hie (adv.), habet; H. S. N. = sestertium nummum. Habitivus (habitus), t. t. of Grammar, applied to verbs ex- pressing a condition : Charis. p. 167 K verba habitiva . . . ut ' pallescit' "pallet' Hataitudo, -luis {habitus) — stoutness, good condition : Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 275 ' habitudo ' pinguedo, quod et corpulentia dicitur ; Ter. Eun. 242 quae habitudo est corporis. Habitus, -a, -um, stout, well-nourished; Paul. p. 102 M ' habi- tior' pinguior ; Placidus p. 52 ' habitior ' plenioris habitus; Plaut. Epid. 8, according to Donatus, habitior (though A has abilior) ; Ter. Eun. 315 si quae est habitior paulum ; Masur. Sabinus ap. Gell. 4. 20. 1 1 equitem uberrimum et habitissimum. The word was used as a cognomen, e. g. in the case of Cluentius Habitus (see Cicero Pro Cluentio). Hellt6r, given as a form of holiior twice in Gloss. Sangall. ed. Warren : see Lowe P. G. p. 339. Hehis for holus is quoted by Paul. p. 100 M. Herlbacanthus, -i, the popular name of the acanthus : Serv. A. I. 6 ^g acanthus, genus virgultijlexuosum, quod vulgo ' herbacanthum' dicunt. Herenicas, antiquitas : Gloss. Sangall. p. 161 Warren: read probably ' heroum aetas,' antiquitas. Hermtila — Hirmos. 471 Hermtila (dim. of Hermes), glossed as = statua sine manibus : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 419. Herna, -ae, subst. f., a Marsian and Sabine word for a rock : Paul. p. roo M ' Hernici' didi a saxis, quae Marsi herna (? hernas) dicunt Schol. Ver. A. 7. 684 Marsi lingua sua saxa hernas dicunt; Serv. ib. Sahinorum lingua saxa hernae vocantur. ■ Hilla, -ae, and hillum or hllum, -i, subst. f. and neuter : dim. from hir-a and lost hir-um. 1. A small thread: so some- times one of the small intestines, used for sausages : Varro L. L. 5. Ill in quo quod tenuissimum intestinum fartum, hila ab hilo dicta ; Varro ap. Charis. p. 102 K ' hilum' . . . intestinum tenuissimum, quod alii hillum appellaverunt, ut intellegeretur intestinum propter similitudinem generis; Paul. p. loi M ^ hilla! quam Graeci dicunt vT\iTTu>, intestinum est quod ieiunum vacant; Nonius p. 121 ' hillas' intestina veteres esse voluerunt. The form hilla is found in Lucilius 14. 26; Laberius ap. Non. p. 121 and Plin. 11. 200; in Hor. 2. S. 4. 60 perna magis ac magis hillis Flagitat in morsus refici, the liom. is doubtful. The neut. was also used as = the pith of the asphodel: Varro ap. Isid. Or. 10. 185 'hilum' Varro ait significare medullam eius ferulae quam Graeci daipoSekov vocant: or for the thread which clings to a bean: Paul. p. 10 1 M ' hilum' putant esse quod gram fabae adhaeret. 2. In general, for something very small : usually with ne or nee (ne hilum = not at all), but sometimes also in a positive sense: Nonius p. 121 'hilum' breve quoddam ; so Paul. 1. c, Comm. Cruq. Hor. 2. S. 4. 60 ; Varro ap. Charis. p. 102 K. Enn. A. 14 neque dispendi facit hilum; Lucil. 14. II hilo non setius Vivas; ib. 14. 13; Lucr. 3. 514 aut aliquid prorsum de summa detrahere hilum, and with negative often. Poet., ap. Cic. Tusc. i. 10 neque proficit hilum. (The same base appears in the Greek x"^'^! X°p-^'hi a^^d Sanskrit hir-d.) Hirco, -onis (hircus), a stinking fellow ; given as explanation of bleno by glosses ap. Lowe P. G. p. 266. HirmSs, subst. m. (eipiios), t. t. of Grammar, a long clause or period: Serv. A. 6. 66 tlpiios, i.e. longissimum hyperbaton; 703 hirmos est hoc loco, i. e. unus sensus protentus per multos versus ; and elsewhere in Serv. Pompeius ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 5. p. 304 K ' hirmos ' continuatio quaedam [vide ne putes hoc esse hirmon, quod etiam zeugma : satis enim simile est zeugma ei), i. e. continuatio sensus per plurimos versus; De Vit quotes also Charis. p. 202 K = Diom. p. 447. 47^ Hirtus — Honos. Hirtus, as t. t. of Grammar, = Saa-is, the term applied to the so-called aspirated mutes x ^ 4>'> Terent. Maur. p. 332 K velui hirta Grata vites (see under F). Hispo, -onis, cogn. m. (perhaps connected -^\\h.hispidus) : C.I.L. 5. 5496 (the east side of Lago Maggiore); Sen. Contr. 2. lo. 2 and elsewhere. (Is it the same word as Hisbo in Verg. A. 10. 384 ?) Hfimieidiator, a murderer : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nomi- num p. 166. H6n6s or honor : Vanicek after Fick connects with a supposed base ghva-, to praise (ghva-nas). This derivation, however, though it might suit some of the meanings of honor, does not correspond with the main line of its usage, which seems to start from the notion of load or burden. Varro L. L. 5. 73 says ' honos ' ah honesto onere, itaque honestum dicimus quod oneratum, et dictum ' onus est honos, quod sustinet rem publicam' ; comp. Liv. 4. 35. 9 sitne aliqui pleheius firendo magna honori. For the old spelling honus for onus comp. Gell. 2. 3. 3 sic ' honera'' sic ' honustum', dicebant; the Florentine MS. of Varro L. L. 6. 77 has honera; Serv. A. i. 289 says inter ' honustum ' et ' oneratum ' hoc interest, quod ' oneraius ' est quali- cunque pressus ponder e, ' honustus ' vera cui onus ipsum honori est, ut si quis spolia hostiumferat. Sed ' oneratus ' aspirationem non habet, quia ab onere venit, ' honustus ' vero, quia etiam ab honore descendit, retinet aspirationem. This etymology is not unreasonable. Honor probably stands to honus as decor to decus, tenor to tenus, angor to angus in angus-tus. As to the usage, it must be noticed that honor always from Plautus downwards means a thing or action which confers distinction : Trin. 643, 645 ; Capt. 247 R ne ?ne secus honore honestes; 356 cum me tanto honore honestas; 393 qui me honore honestiorem semper fecit ac facit; Trin. 1035 petere honorem pro flagilio ; Enn. Trag. 374 nam sapiens virtuti honorem praemium, haud praedam petit. In the political sense of a public office, honor or honor populi or honor publicus, it is very common. Verg. and the poets are also fond of using it as = a gift, sometimes of a sacrifice to a god ; the word originally meaning the burden laid on the altar: Verg. A. 1. 736 laticum honos; 632 divum templis indicit honorem; i. 49 supplex arts imponet honorem ; 3. 118 meritos aris mactavit honor es; 547 iussos adolemus honores; and so other poets. Poetically, Verg. G. 2. 404 (from Varro of Atax) says silvis aquilo decussit honorem (the beauty, glory, raiment of their leaves) ; so Hor. Epod. 11. 6 silvis honorem decutit. Similarly of fruit : Honorificentia— Hostio. 473 Hor. 2. S. g. 13 et quoscunque feret cultus tilt fundus honores ; i. C. 17. 16 manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris konorum opulenta cornu. The distinction between honor and gloria is well indicated by the line Verg. A. 12. 135 turn neque nomen erat neque honos nee gloria monti: no name, no distinction, no renown. (The form honor stands to honestus, honestas, as maior to maiestas^ H6n6rificentia : add to the instances in the lexx. C. I. L. 9. 688 o3 singular em . . . honorific entiam eius. HorrSr = a bristling up : Non. p. 538 virginalem horrorem papillarum.. (Ronsch S. B. p. 36.) Hortativus modus, the imperative, an unnamed scholar quoted by Diom. p. 338 K. Hoscinlus, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 27 (Lupiae in Calabria). Hosidius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 9. 2852 (Histonium among the Frentani), al. inscr. Hospitalarius, one who has charge of guests : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 76 Blasto, cubicularius, hospitalarius (probably from Acts 12. 20 persuaso Blasto qui erat super cubiculurn). , Hospiticida, the slayer of a guest : Gloss. Cyrill. ^evoKrims hos- piticida, and Glossae Nominum p. 51 Lowe. Hosticida, the slayer of an enemy : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 420. Hostimentum, -i (hostire). 1. A fair requital or return. Fest. p. 270 M quotes from the Cresphontes of Ennius audis : auditis hostimentum adiungito. The same explanation is given by Nonius p. 3, who quotes the word from Accius ; by Serv. A. 2, 156 and Placidus p. 12 D. Plant. As. 172 R par pari datum hos- timentumst, opera pro pecunia. 2. A weight used for steadying a balance: Gloss. Epinal. 11. C. 27 ' hostimentum^ lapis quo pondus aequatur. Hostio, -is, to make equal or level: Gloss. Epin. 11. C. 26 and other glosses ap. Lowe P. G. p. 258 'hostire' aequare: so met. 1. To requite : Fest. p. 270 M ' hostire' pro ' aequare' posuerunt (so again p. 314); he quotes from the Hectoris Lutra of Ennius quae mea comminus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu ; comp. Plaut. As. 377 R quin promitto hostire contra, ut merueris; Augustin. C. D. 4. 8 quia veteres aequare ' hostire ' dixerunt, deam Hostilinam. 2. To level with the ground, knock or strike down : Fest. p. 102 ' hostire', ferire; so met., to suppress ; Pacuv. ap. Non. p. 121 nisi coerceo Protervitatem, atque hostio ferociam; to offend. 474 Humilitudo — I. do violence to, Laevius Erotopaegnion ib. nunc quod meum ad- missum nocens Hostit voluntatem iuam. 3. To make favourable or propitious : Serv. A. 2. 156 ' hosita' . . . dicta quod di per illam hostianfur, i. e. aequi et propitii reddantur. Humilitudo = humilitas, Glossae Nominum p. 51 Lowe. This letter had two phonetic uses: (i) as a vowel, (2) as a semi-vowel or consonant with the force of the English y before a vowel. 1. As a vowel it was either short or long ; the position of the vocal organs in pronouncing i (for I it must be) is described as follows : Mar. Victorinus p. 33 K i semicluso ore impressaque sensim lingua dentibus vocem dabit; Ter. Maurus p. 329 K i porrigit ictum genuinos prope ad ipsos, Minimumque renidet supero tenus labello; Mart. Capell. 3. 261 i spiritus i^facif) prope dentibus pressis. Consentius p. 394 K distinguishes between the sound of I final and i initial as follows : Romanae linguae in hoc erit moderaiio, ut exilis eius sonus sit ubi ab ea verbum incipit, ut ' ite', aut pinguior ubi in ea desinit verbum, ut ' habui,' ' tenui' ; so Quint. I. 4. 8 says that in the word here (i.e. in the final syllable of it, comp. i. 7. 22) neither e nor z' was exactly heard. To pronounce initial i (probably accented) in this way was wrong : Consent. 1. c. Of ? in the middle of a word Consentius 1. c. says medium quendam sonum inter e et i habet ubi in medio sermons est, ut ' hominem.' In unaccented syllables before labials or /, ? had often a sound described as between u and i. Thus in optimus manibiae aucupium artibus (from arius) aurifex contumax ali- mentum libido; Quint, i. 4. 8; Scaurus pp. 24, 25 K; Longus pp. 49, 77 K; Mar. Vict. p. 9 K, and elsewhere in the grammarians. In vir and virtus also, according to Longus p. 54 K, a foreign sound {peregrinus sonus^ was heard, not the pure Roman?; so Serg. Don. p. 521 scribimus 'vir' et 'virtus' : quando autem hos proferimus, in ipso sono nan i sonat, sed nescio quid pinguius. Prise. 2. p. 465 K (Partitiones xii Vers. Aen. 24) says that i in these words, and also in all words beginning with vid-, vit-, vim-, v\r-, vix-, had the sound of the Greek v. Longus p. 49 distinguishes the pronunciation of final -it of the third and fourth conjugations, the sound of the latter being comparatively /z'wg'aw or coarse (the text is imperfectly preserved, but this seems to be the general sense). 2. i before a vowel, and not pre- laetatio — lambeus. 475 ceded by an accented syllable with final consonant, was said trans- ire in consonantis potestatem (Prise, i. p. 13 K, and all the grammarians). That is, it was sounded like the English y before a vowel, did not form an additional syllable, and lengthened a pre- ceding short syllable by position. Et iam, at tacit, etc.; so ddiete (trisyll.) ariete, pariete. But in hiemps, lien, via, and similar words i was a short vowel forming an independent syllable. It was a fault to pronounce an initial Latin i before a vowel so as to form a syllable. Consentius p. 394 K says Graeci exilius hanc {i initial) proferunt, adeo expressioni eius tenui studentes ut si dicunt ' ius,' ali- quantulum de priori syllaha sic proferant, ut videas disyllabum esse factum. This remark is borne out by the general practice of the Latin poets, who (for instance) scan iam (a Latin word) as a monosyllable, but iambus (a Greek word) as a trisyllable, liiKus as a trisyllable, but IHleiis as a quadrisyllable. I as an abbreviation may stand for the numeral unus, for the name luppiter, and its cases {lovis, etc.), for ius and its cases, invictus, and in. laetatio, in the sense of a tumult : Itala 2 Cor. 6. 5 in iactati- onibus, where Vulg. has seditionibus (Ronsch S. B. p. 36). lacto, in the sense of talking of a thing, sometimes with the notion of idle gossip: Cic. Verr. 3. 141 crimen . .. agitatum iam et te praetore iactatum ; Cluent. 4 negem esse illam rem . . . iactatam in iudiciis} ib. 88 ita diu iactata [r«] est ut, etc.; ib. 130 iactaia res erat in contione; Mil. 7 quae in senatu et ab inimicis saepe iactata sunt et in contione ab improbis et paulo ante ab accusatoribus ; Caes. G. i . 18 quod pluribus praesentibus eas res iactari nolebat ; Hor. I. Epist. 16. 18 iactamus iam pridem omnis te Roma beatum; Ov. Am. 3. I. 21 tola iactaris in Urbe; Li v. i. 50. 2 multo ibi tota die variis iactata sermonibus erant; 2. 13. 3 iactatum in condicionibus nequiquam de Tarquiniis in regnum restituendis ; 10. 46. i6 iactari magis quam peragi accusatio eius poterat; Quint, i. 2. 2 utinam /also iactaretur; 5. 7. 34 communia haec pluribus causis multumque iactata sunt, semper tamen iactabuntur (have been the subject of much discussion, and will always be so) ; 6. 3. 4 ilia ab oratore non ficta, sed passim esse iactata (the common talk). laeturarius {iactura) : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' iacturarius ' qui frequenter patitur iacturam. iambeus, adj. {IdiiPnoi), perhaps = appropriate to lampoon or invective (iambus) : Hor. A. P. 253 unde etiam trimetris accrescere iussit Nomen iambeis, cum senos redderet ictus Primus ad extremum 47 6 iambicus — Iguico. similis jz'i5z' (referring to the so-called Archilochean iambic or iambic of lampoon, supposed to consist of trimeters of pure iambi). Iambicus, adj. (iambus). 1. Consisting of iambics : Marius Victorinus p. 8o K iamhicum meirum, and often in the grammarians. 2. Iambic, of the foot : pes iambicus; Gramm. passim. 3. Suitable for the iambus, or poem of invective : Marius Victorinus p. 8o K distinguishes four kinds of the iambic trimeter, iragicum, comicum, iambicum, satyricum, defining iambicum as that quod ex omnibus iambis nullo alio admixto subsistit. lambodes (iVi3<»8i7s), like an iambic, name of a metre (w — ij — w — w — w — w) : Diomedes p. 482 K. Iamb6graphus, -i (ia/i0oypa0os), a writer of invectives in the style of Archilochus : Marius Victorinus p. 80 K. lautile, glossed in Glossi Philox. as = \[Qoi rpaxvs SiaKomo- flfVOS. leientaculum, ientaeiilTim, and iautaciilum, -i, subst. n. from ieientare or iantare, breakfast. The form ieientaculum, as Ribbeck and Mr. Onions have seen, should be restored from the MSS. of Nonius p. 126 to Plaut. Cure. 73 R quid antepones Veneri ieientaculi (so the MSS. of Nonius ; some MSS. of Plautus, not B, give aientaculo) ; and perhaps in the preceding line, vfhere B i gives iam ientaculum, B 2 ia ientaculum. lentaculum on the other hand is found in the texts of Suet. Vitell. 13; Apul. M.' i. 2, I. 18. lantaculum in Nigidius ap. Isid. Or. 20. 2. 10 according to some MSS.; Mart. i. 87. 3, 14. 223. 1 ; Gloss. Philox. iantaculum aKpaTccriios \ and conversely Gloss. Cyrill. leieuto, iento, and ianto, -as, to breakfast. leiento should be restored from the MSS. of Nonius p. 126 to Afranius 19 and 43, and perhaps to Varro's Marcipor, quod pulli ientent. lentare Suet. Vit. 7 ; iantare Mart. 8. 67. 10 ; Gloss. Cyrill. dK/)an'f(o ianto. (If the form iantare be the genuine one, the word may be derived from dius, and stand for diantare ; comp. Diana, lana, and lanus. Thus it would mean ' to take a meal early in the day.' The form ieiento is a reduplication.) ignaruris, adj., ignorant : Gloss. Philox. ignarures ayvoovvTfs. Ignavo, -as (ignavus)=:ignavumfacio : Acciusap. Non. pp. 123, 126 ignavavit (so Biicheler for ignavit and ignavat) : Gloss. Philox. ignavatis dBpanurdevTcov, Ignico, -as, to put in the fire : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' ignicare ' infocare. Illiceor — Imper sonalis. 477 Illlceor, -eris (inl-), to inveigle, tempt astray. In Plin. 14. 191 the oldest and best MS. reads tunc avidi matronam oculi inli- centur, graves produnt. The edd. read Ucentur, but inltcenlur, if the verb could be shown from other sources to exist, would give far the better sense. Inliceo would thus be original from which inlecebra is derived. Comp. latehra from lateo, scatebra from scateo. Imaginatio, -onis (imaginor). 1. The act of figuring to oneself or imagining. The lexx. quote Plin. 20. 68 libidinum imaginationes in somno; Tac. A. 15. 36 provincias Orientales se- cretis imaginationibus agitans (dwelling constantly, brooding se- cretly upon them in his fancies) : Prof. Mayor adds Serv. (Dan.) A. 9. 38 sed tpsum poetam quasi actu rei et imaginatione excla- masse; Chalcid, Tim. Comm. 74 imaginatio stellae, of the move- ments of a star as they appear to the eye. 2. = x<^p<'ii''VP''<^l'^^> creation or description of character or appearance : Ps. Acr. Hor. I. Epist. 18. 6 per x°^P°^'^'^tP'''^l'-°''i id est per imaginaiionem, describit, etc.; ib. i Epist. 20. 24 haec descriptio xapatT7;pto-/io's dicitur, i.e. imaginatio formae hominum. Imboio, -as, to put in the stocks (boia) : Gloss. Cyrill. kKoiov TfptTi6r]iii inboio. Imbumentum [imbuo), a first instruction, a rudiment : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 7 ' imbumentis ' documentis, ab ' imbuif ' docet. Imbutio {imbuo), axi initiation: Gloss. Philox. imbutio npo^i^laa-nos, fivrjtris. Immdlaticius, adj., destined for sacrifice : Gloss. Cyrill. 6i Glossae Nominum p. 56 Lowe ' in- dago ' investigatio. Frontin. Strat. r Praef. p. i Gundermann rerum gestarum scriptores indagine operis sui hanc quoque partem esse com- plexes. Gell. 6. 16. 6 has undiqueversum indagines cuppediarum. Nonius entitles his twelfth book De Doctorum Indagine, i. e. selec- tions from the investigations of scholars : Cledonius p. 9 (Keil) quasi quidquam sit quod indaginem tui vitare posset ingenii ; Amm. 15. 5. 30 occulta scruiabamur indagine; and elsewhere in later Latin. (In Plin. 9. 36 multis persuasisse doctrinam indaginibus, the reading is doubtful.) Indamnus, adj., innocent : Glossae Nominum p. 55 Lowe ' in- damnus ' innocens, bene serviens. Indicivus, adj., belonging to information : hence subst. f. indiciva (sc. pecunia), money given to an index or informer as price of his information: Charis. Exc. p. 553 Keil indiciva lxr)vvTpov; Gloss. Philox. indicivum uTivvrpov; Sen. Controv. 9. 3. (26). I gravis indiciva est; 9. 5. (28). 4; Apul. M. 6. 8; lulius I i 48a Indictivus — Indiges. Victor ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 390 petit inditivam. In Apul, M. 7. 25 ob indicivae praemium may perhaps be corrupt for indicii. (Jndiciva, not indicina, is in all these places attested by the manu- scripts ; see Haupt, Opusc. 3. p. 443 foil.) Indietivus, adj. from indictus, proclaimed for the occasion by a herald: Paul. p. 106 M indidivum funus , ad quod per prae- conem evocabantur ; comp. Fest. p. 334 s. v. simpludiaria funera; Serv. A. i. 632 indictiva sacrificia dicehanlur quae subito ad prae- sens tempus indicebantur. Varro L. L. 5. 160 ex aedibus efferri indidivo funere praeco etiam eos didt qui ex tabernis efferuntur ; ib. 7. 42 in indictivis funeribus. Indigentla, wanting, lack: Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 14. 24, 15. 6 sumptuum, aquarum indigentia (Ronsch S. B. p. 37). Indigeries, indigestion; Gloss. Epinal. 11. E. 26 ' indigestio' indigenes per abundantiam frugum. Indigestio, -duis. 1. Failure to digest : Veget. Vet. 1.21.3 dborum umorumque indigestione. 2. Abs., indigestion : Veget. Vet. 2. 7. I ; Ps. Acr. Hor. i. Epist. i. 108 glossed as =pituita; Schol. Pers. 3. 99; Schol. luv. i. 146 ; and elsewhere in late Latin. Indiges, -etis : incorrect form Indigens in an inscription at Pompeii, C. I. L. i. p. 283 (= Wilmann's Syll. Inscr. 622) Aeneas . . ./actus est Indigens et in deorum numerum relatus. According to Nigidius Figulus, quoted by the Berne scholia on Verg. G. i. 498, indigetes was a title which could be applied to all gods alike; so Schol. to Lucan i. 556. Another view limited it to those gods whose special names were not known, as the Penates, Lares, and Consentes ; this may have been the opinion of Verrius Flaccus (Paul, p. 106 M) ; comp. Schol. Luc. 1. c. alii didos aiunt quorum nomini- bus indigeamus, ut sunt di Penates. Both views may be supported by quotations. 1. Indiges seems to be a general title given to a god in the Pompeian inscr. above quoted; in Verg. A. 12. 794 indigitem Aenean sds ipsa, et sdrefateris, Deberi caelo ; Li v. i. 2. 6 (of Aeneas) situs est, quemcunque eum did ius fasque est, super Numicum flumen : lovem Indigitem appellant (i. e. probably, lovem et Indigetem); Lucan i. 556 indigetes flevisse deos urbisqtie labor em Testatos sudor e Lares; Gell. 2. 17. 4 Anchises enim, qui haec didt adfilium, sdebat eum cum kominum vita discessisset immortalem atque indigitem futurum; Diom. p. 476 K cum Salios (Numa) . . . in- duceret et spondeo melo patrios placaret indigetes ; Arnob. i. 64 reges . . . appellatis indigetes atque divos. 2. In the following passages, Indoetrina — Inexpurgabilis. 483 however, Indigites are mentioned separately from other gods : Formula ap. Liv. 8. 9. 6 lane, luppiter, Mars pater, Quirine, Bellona, Lares, Divi Novensides, Di Indigites ; perhaps Verg. G. i . 498 Di patrii, Indigites, et Romule, Vestaque mater ; Ov. M. 15. 861 Di precor, Aeneae comites . . . Dique Indigetes, genitorque Quirine; Sil. 9. 290 foil., where the Indigetes are mentioned with Mars, Gradivus, Apollo, Neptunus, etc.; Arnob. i. 36; Symmachus Ep. 10. 61 ergo dis patriis, dis indigetibus pacem rogamus. 3. Ac- cording to Servius A. 7. 678 there were Indigites axiApont^ces at Praeneste as well as at Rome. 4. The ancient scholars offered three etymologies : indigeo, not to be in want ; in and dico, as the gods whose names were not uttered; indigeto, to invoke. The first may, of course, be dismissed. If Servius's note on A. 7. 678 may be trusted, the indigetes were specially connected with the pontifices ; and this is perhaps confirmed by the fact that according to Censorinus D. N. 3 the indigitamenta, or writings containing the titles of the gods, were the same as the libri pontificates. So Varro ap. Non. p. 352 says Numeriae, quam deam sclent indigitare pontifices. 5. Indigitare deum meant to give the god his title, solemnly name him in invocation : Serv. A. 8. 330; Macrob. S. i. 17. 15 (Marquardt Alt. 6 (3). p. 8 note). If indiges and indigitare are connected (and it seems necessary to connect them), indigitare must =: indigitem facere ; and thus indiges will in some way be a general title of a god. The most natural explanation appears to me to be this, that indiges comes from in-dic-, to proclaim, and means ' one pro- claimed as a god ' ; and that originally it included all the gods of the Italian towns, but was afterwards reserved for the oldest. This hypothesis may perhaps explain its double use. Marquardt, how- ever (1. 1. p. 36 note), holds to the etymology which used to be in vogue, indo- and ga-, and takes indiges to mean born in the land, native, appealing in particular to the formula quoted by Livy, Di Novensides, Di Indigites. Indoetrina, ignorance : Glossae Nominum p. 53 Lowe ' in- doetrina ' inertia, imperitia. InductSr, scriba inductor ^ ypaiifmroeia-ayioyevs, a teacher of letters: Itala Deut. 31. 28 (Ronsch S. B. p. 37). Inexistimabilis, beyond calculation : Ti. Donatus on Aen. 6. 489 inexistimabilem numerum. inexpurgabilis, that cannot be purified: Gloss, ap. Lowe 4^4 Infabulosus — Iniectio. Glossae Nominum p. 167 ' inexpiahilis,' inexpurgahilis, quae non potest expiari. InfS:biilosus, glossed as = non multum loquax, Glossae Nomi- num p. 55 Lowe. Infandidicus, ^raz z'«/a«(fi2 dicit, Glossae Nominum p. 53 Lowe. Infendit6r, glossed in Glossae Nominum p. 57 Lowe as = unius causae cum alio compar. Infertilis. 1. Barren : add to the instance in the lexx. Serv. A. 4. 212 terram . . . infertilem. 2. Imported : Gloss. Philox. infertilia eicrxofiicr/xara. Inflo, -is, -it, usually only in third pers. sing.; but the first person infio is quoted from Varro de Mensuris by Prise, i. pp. 420, 450 K, and Mart. Cap. 2. 220 has infiunt; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' infens ' dicens ; 7 ' infe ' die, narra ; Gloss. Philox. infe ap^m. To begin: Paul. p. 112 ^infit' incipit; Placidus p. 55 D 'infit' incipit fari ; Cledon. p. 59 ^ infit' coepit loqui. Plaut. Aul. 318 R infit postulare; and so elsewhere in Plaut. with inf.; Lucr. 3. 515 commutare animum quicumque adoritur et infit; 5. 1208 caput erigere infit; Sil. 12. 67 rursusque hortatibus infit Laudum agitare suos. Especially of beginning to speak, followed either by obliqua or directa oratio : Enn. A. 386 infit, cives, etc. In Verg. several times: A. 5. 708 his Aenean solatus vocibus infit; 10. loi, 860; II. 301; 12. 10; Liv. 3.71.6 ibi infit annum se tertium et octogesi- mum agere; i. 23. 7 ibi infit Albanus; and in the later poets. Abs., to take the initiative : Prudent. Apoth. 804 praecavit, infit. lufLatio ((^uCTiucrtr), a swelling, puffing up (met.) : Vulg. and Itala 2 Cor. 12. 20 (Ronsch S. B. p. 37). Infdco, -as, to put into the fire, kindle : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 'ignicare' infocare. Infrunitas, subst. f. {in/runitus), glossed as = direipayadia in Gloss. Cyrill. ; as = inscientia boni et notitia mali, Glossae Nominum p. 56 Lowe. Ingarmatura = sanna : Glossae Nominum p. 53 Lowe. Inglutluatus, not joined together : Glossae Nominum p. 55 Lowe ; Cyrill. d/c(iXXi)Tor inglutinatus. Iniectio. 1. = €m^\r\\w., a patch or piece: Itala Marc. 2. 2 1 iniectionem panni rudis. 2. An idea, notion, device : 2 Corinth. 2. 11. ap. Tert. De Pud. 13 quoniam non ignoramus iniectiones eius; so Tert. An. 34 (? from iiri^oKKa, im^oKrj). Ronsch S. B. p. 38. Initium — Insiciarius. 485 Initium (= ajrapxri), first-fruits : Itala Exod. 23. 19; 25. 2, 3, al. (Ronsch S. B. p. 38). Inlusio (= ifmaiyjiovr)), mockery : Itala 2 Pet. 2. 3 inlusione inludentes; 2 Mace. 7. 7 sequeniem ducebant ad inlusionem (Ronsch S. B. p. 38). Inntillo, -as, to set at nought: Transl. of St. Mark 9. 12 in Bobbio MS. (Old Latin Biblical Texts II. p. 5) ut multa patiatur et innulletur (perhaps for annulletur). Iuo£fensibilis, without stumbling: Cledon. p. 9 K inoffensibili cursu. Inpestis, a(f>6opos, Gloss. Philox. luradiatio, illumination : Serv. on Vergil several times. Inrevertibllis, from which there is no return : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 167 ' inextricahilis ' insoluhilis, inrevertibilis. Inrisivus : add to the instances in Lewis and Short Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 167 ^ironia,' inrisiva dictio. Insalo, to salt: Anthimus 12 (S. S. vers, vet.) (J. E. B. Mayor). Insanio, -as, to madden : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 167 quod boves exagitat et insaniat. luseco, -IS, -ere, or insequo, to tell of, narrate: Livius Andron. Od. i. (ap. Gell. 18. 9. 5) virum. mthi, Camena, insece versufum ; Enn. ap. Gell. ib. insece, Musa, virum ; Cato Or. ib. in- secenda; Paul. p. in M quotes from Ennius insequis and insexit i^dixerit); Placidus p. 59 D 'insequis,' narras, pergis; Gloss. Philox. inseque elne. In, and sec- to say ; see the author's Lectures and Essays, p. 367 foil. The ancient Italian scholars were un- certain whether or not to identify the word with insequo, to follow up, and some therefore explained insequo as =pergo; see Gellius I.e. Modern etymologists connect sec-, to say, with Greek a-eir- in e-ancre, evi-a-we, German sag-en, Lith. sak-an. Old Irish insce = sermo. I. Insectio {inseco, to tell of) = narratio: Gell. 18. 9. 11. II. Insectio {inseco, to cut), a cutting : Macrob. S. 7. 8. i ab insec- iione insicium dictum ; Gloss. Philox. insectiones aiXaKta-noi, iva-xurjioi. Insertus, -a, -um, open {in, sero to shut): Enn. Sat. 27 Ribb. insertis malis, expedite bracchio; Verg. A. 3. 152 per insertas . . . fenestras, which Serv. and Ti. Donatus explain as = open, un- barred ; comp. Gloss. Philox. insertas dveayiJievas. Insiciarius or isiciarius, a dealer in sausages: add to the instances in Lewis and Short the Testamentum Porcelli ap. Haupt 0pusc.2.p.i8i(wheretheMSS.giveM?ni!zn«f; seeunder Insicium). 4^6 Insiciatus — Inspiratlo. Inslciatiis or isiciatus, stuffed with sausage-meat : Apic. 384, 402, al. Fem. isiciata as subst. = a stuffed fowl: Anth. Lat. 176, 325 Riese. (In all these places the MSS. give estciaius.) Inslclum, -i, subst. n-., a sausage ; also written in later Latin tsicium, ensicium, and esicium: Varro L. L. 5. no ' insicium' ai eo quod insecta caro, ut in carmine Saliorum est; Macrob. S. 7. 8. i ' isicium ' quod ah insectione insicium dictum, omissione ' n ' litter ae postea quod nunc habet nomen optinuit; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6, 7 ' ensicium.' a secando, ab ense; so Papias and Gloss. Ball.; Apicius often; Arnob. 2. 42; Don. Ter. Eun. 2. 2. 26 insicia et farci- mina; and not seldom in Latin. (The MSS. of Apic. 41 S have et sicium = ensicium ; ib. 42 some have esiciis, so 46 in esicia. Haupt suggests, Opusc. 2. p. 181, that the form with e is probably late and corrupt.) Insileutia, -ae, = inquietudo: Gloss. Epinal. 11. E. 21. Insomnia, -ae, subst. f., sleeplessness. According to Serv. A. 4. 9 frequent in Ennius and Pacuvius; Charis. p. loi K quotes from the \A,Vis.x perdita inluvie atque insomnia; Nonius p. 209 quotes from Caecilius consequitur comes insomnia: JEa porro insaniam ad/ert; Ter. Eun. 219 horsum te adiget insomnia {si I. c); perhaps in Verg. A. 4. 9 quae me suspensam insomnia terret (see under In- somnmm) ; Suet. Cal. 50 incitabatur insomnia maxime. (Ac- cording to Serv. A. 4. 9 Pliny condemned the singular fem. in- somnia as bad. See further under Insom.niuin.) Insomnium, -i, subst. n., 1. a dream : Verg. A. 4. 9 quae me suspensam insomnia terrent (where however there was in the time of Serv. a variant terret); 6. 897 sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes ; Sil. 10. 357 ; Tac. A. 1 1. 4 qualicunque insomnio ; Arnob. 2.7; and in later writers. Of bad dreams, night-mares : perhaps Cic. De Sen. 44 cruditate atque insomniis carere; Plin. 20. 82 insomnia vigiliasque toller e; perhaps also 18. 118 (of the bean) insomnia quoque facere. 2. In plur., sleeplessness (though in dat. and abl. it is uncertain whether insomnium or insomnia be the nom.). Sail. C. 27. 2 neque insomniis neque labore fatigari ; so ac- cording to Charis. p. 10 1 K in Verg. A. 4. 9 quae me suspensam insomnia terrent; Prop. 2. 25. 47 una tuis insomnia portet ocellis; Val. Fl. I. 329 insomnia saeva; 2. 140 longo mulcere- insomnia penso; 7. 6 longa insomnia. Inspiratlo, in the sense of a disembodied spirit : Itala 4 Esdr. 7. 80 haec inspirationes in habitationes non ingredientur (Ronsch 5. B. p. 39). Instar, 4^7 Inst&r, subst. n., found only in nom. and ace. sing., though^ according to Serv. A. z. 15, 6. 865, Probus said it had a gen. instaris; so Ps. Probus Cath. p. 17 K, 1. Measure:, of weight, amount or number; Varro R. R. i. I. 10 de Magonis dempsit instar librorum ocio (the number of); Cic. Att. 16. 5. 5 habet Tiro instar septuaginta (the number of, as many as) ; Liv. 35. 49. 10 videretis vix duarum male plenarum legiuncularum instar in castris regis; Ov. Her. 2. ^o sed scdus hoc meriti pondus et instar habet; Col. 7. 5. 15 veteris urinal tep^actae trium heminarum instar . . . corniculo in/under e; 8. 15. 3. solum stagni . . . quod sit instar modi totius duarum partium, lapidibus . . . muniendum est; Velleius 2. 29. i cuius viri magnitudo multorum voluminum instar exigit; Ti. Donatus on Aen. 7. 217 non potuit altitudinis moenium melius instar ostendere (the measure of the height). 2. Of size, bulk, or magnitude : Cic. Tusc i. 40 terram in medio mundo sitam . . , quasi puncti instar obtinere ; Verr. 5. 89 navis . . . quae . . . urbis instar habere videretur ; Ov. Am., 3. 6. 93 fontis habes instar pluviasque nivesqu^ salutas; Flor. i. 40 (3. 5). 18 «/ navalis belli instar efficeret. In Catull. 115. r it is used, not, as commonly, with the gen., but in apposition with its noun : Mentula habet instar iriginta iugera prati. 3. An equivalent, an exact like- ness : Gloss. Philox, instar Siioiafna, awuKovuriia, Suet. lul. 61 equus . , . cuius etiam instar pro aede Veneris genetricis posiea dedicavit (an exact likeness, a life-sized statue) ; lustin. 36. 3. 2 muro quodam ad instar castrorum clauditur; Apul. M. 2. 9 ad instar specuU; 9. 32 ad instar smparum. 4. A type, pattern : Liv. 28. 17. 2 parnum instar eorum quae spe ac magni- tudine. animi cancepisset^ receptas Hispanias duc&bat (he thought the recovery of the Spains but a poor specimen, etc.) j GelL 2. 6. 10 ' inculpatus ' autem instar est absabitae virtutis (the word incul- pafus gives the idea of perfect virtue); Fragm. luris Vat. 274 ad instar mortis causa donationis huiuscemodi liberalitatem redigi opor- tere; Dig. 6. 2. 7. 6 Publiciana actio ad instar proprietatis, non ad instar possessionis respidt (takes ownership, not occupation, as its type) J 39. I. 21. 3 si proponatur instar quoddam operis et quasi fades quaedam. {A d instar is found in the sense of ad exemplum in Gell., Apul. and later Latin.) Poetically, Verg.. A. 6. 865 quan- tum instar in ipso perhaps. = what a type, ideal of worth ; but it has also been taken to mean what stature, majesty ; Ti. Donatus explainSt it zs,=. forma; Serv. s,s =■ similitudo. 5. Esse^ videri, instar aUmius rei, to be or to seem as large, as, to equal the 488 Instar. measure of a thing: Cic. Fam. 15. 4. 8 Eranam, quae fuit non vici instar sed urbis; Lucr. 6. 614 tamen ad maris omnia summam Guttai vix instar erunt unius adaugmen; Caes. C. 3. 66 cohortes quasdam, quod instar legionis videretur ; Plin. Paneg. 29 instar ego perpetui congiarii rear afluentiam annonae; Tac. A. i. 20 Nau- porto, quod municipii instar erat. 6. In apposition to a sub- stantive = the equivalent of ; so, as large as : as strong as : as good as : Cic. Verr. 5. 44 navem maximam, triremis instar; Caes. G. 2. 1*] ut instar muri hae saepes munimenta praeherent; Verg. A. 2. 15 instar montis ecum . . . aedificant; 3. 637 lumen . . . Phoe- beae lampadis instar; 7. 707 magnique ipse agminis instar; 12. 923 volat atri turbinis instar Exitium dirum hasta ferens ; Liv. 26. 28. 10 L. Cincio . . . Cannenses milites dati, . . . duarum instar legionum; Ov. Her. 7. 19 quando erit ut condas instar Carthaginis urbem ? M. 6. 443 magni mihi muneris instar Germanam vidisse dabis; 12. 266 teli instar . . . cornua; Tac. A. 2. 61 instar mon- tium eductae pyr amides; Suet. Nero 31 stagnum maris instar; Vesp. 5 tertium (ramuni) instar arboris ; Aug. 6 locus . . . per- modicus et cellae penuariae instar; Vita Verg. 21 Aeneidem incohavit, argumentum . . . quasi amborum Homeri carminum instar; Veil. i. 9. 5 centum homines electos . . . instar habuit consilii publici. Esse, fieri, etc., instar alicuius rei, to be as good as a thing, equivalent to it in importance, worth it ; or (if the context requires it) as bad as a thing: Cic. Rab. Perd. 24 latere mortis erat instar turpissimae; Pis. 52 unus ilk dies . . . immortalitatis instar fuit; Fam. 9. 6. 4 hos Tusculanenses dies instar esse vitae puto; Brut. 191 Plato mihi . . . instar est omnium ; Fin. 5.55 idque si accidat, mortis instar putemus ; Att. I. 10. 4 haec est oKrj . . . mortis instar; Off. 2. 69 patrocinio vera se tisos aut clientes appellari mortis instar putant; Lucr. 6.805 turn fit odor viri plagae maciabilis instar; Hor. 4. C. 5. 6 instar veris enim vultus ubi tuus Adfulsit populo ; Ov. Am. 3. 14. 42 etfal- sum (a lie) muneris instar erit; M. 14. 124 numinis instar eris semper mihi; 16. 568 quodque deorum est Instar, habent animos; lustin. 4. 4. 7 qui instar omnium auxiliorum erat; Tac. A. 3. 36 principes quidem instar deorum esse ; Suet. Cal. 5 convictu megis- tanum abstinuisse, quod apud Parthos iustitii instar est. 1. Of measure, adverbially, = to the amount of: Col. 2. 5. i acervi stercoris instar V modiorum disponuntur; 6. 14. i porri sucus instar heminae . . . miscetur; so exactly 16. 30. 7, 6. 38. i. 8. In apposition to the notion applied in a verb, = as much as : CatuU. 17. 12 nee sapit pueri instar Bimuli. 9. Like to : Ov. Instructio — Intendo. 489 M. 4. 135 exhorruit aequoris instar. (Perhaps a verbal subst. from insto in the transitive sense of putting a thing on or in a scale ; comp. institor, a dealer ; and the Greek aTadfuas, a weight. Thus the word might originally mean a weight, and so an equivalent for something else ^ The formation is like that of bustar = ^miaTauiov^ Instructio, -ouis (instruo). 1. A drawing up in order, arrangement: Corn. Her. 3. 15 haec dispositio locorum, tamquam instructio militum ; Cic. Caec. 43 instructione aspectuque signorum ; Frontin. Strat. 2. 3. 4 commutavit instructionis ordinem; Veget. R. M. 3. 14 instructionis lex est, etc. 2. Of a building, fitting up: Traian. ad Plin. Epist. 10. 23 (35) instructio novi lalinei. 3. Fitting in : Vitruv. 5. 9. 7 tuhulorum in cloacas instructionem. 4. Instruction, information: Amm. 28. i. 14 nee . . . instructiones vel ex tabulariis suppeterent puhlicis; Ti. Donatus on Aen. 3. 374 foil. (In Arnob. 5. 15 Salmasius conjectured /ro instructione for per structionem.) Instructiis, -us {instruo). 1. Furnishing, equipment : Cic. De Or. 3. 23 eodem est instructu ornatuque comitata; Serv. A. 5. 402 quibus {caestibus), quorum instructu. 2. Concr., posses- sions, goods: Itala Exod. 12. 37 in sexcenta milia peditum viri, praeter instructum vel censum. lusueto, -as, glossed as = inclementer vel insolenter invadere : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6, Gloss. Hild. Instimptio = consumptio : Ronsch S. B. p. 39 adds to Cael. Aur. Acut. 2. 220 Cass. Felix 49. p. 128 est fortitudo fellis cum totius corporis insumptione. Intendo, -tendi, -tentum, part. pass, intenditus, read in Fronto Fer. Als. 3.p. 225Naber, but this is probably a corruption for z«/if«(f?'/«r. 1. To stretch, point, towards or against : with in and ace, ad with ace, and dat. (a) Plant. Bacch. 709 R primum intendam bal- listam in senem; Ps. 1144 R atque in hunc intendo digitum; Ter. Heaut. 513 intendenda in senemst fallacia; Cic. Sest. 15 intentus est arcus in me unum : elsewhere he says intendere tela in aliquem, in patriam, and the like ; Pis. 5 tela . . . intenta iugulis civitatis \ De Or. I. 203 digitum ad fontes intenderem; Sail. I. 105. 4 arma atque tela temptare intendere; Verg. A. 5. 136 intentaque bracchia remis ' I print this article as it was written in 1884. Since then, Wolfflin has treated the word exhaustively in his Archiv ii. pp. 581-597. I am much gratified to find that his general view of its meanings virtually coincides with my own, and in particular that he gives the same explanation of Aen. 6. 865. He also connects it with instare, but not quite m the same way as I have suggested. 490 Intendo. (Serv. explains 2<.s = porreda ; stretched towards the oars? or over the oars ?) ; Val. Fl. 8. 63 manus Colchis crimsqm intenderat asiris; Tac. A. 4. 3 intenderat Seiano manus; 13, 26 verheribus manus ultra intendebant ; and so very often m Latin. (b) Se intendere,. to turn oneself : Cic. Fam. 8. 4. 2 qui se intendercmt adversaries in eius tribunatum (taken up a hostile attitude towards) ; Liv. 4. 19. 2 quocunque se intendisset. (e) Part. pass, intentus =: qui se intenderat: Lucan 7. 592 Caesaris intentis iugulo. (d) Of the organs of seeing, hearing, etc. : Cic. Tusc. 4. 38 ita acrem in omnes partes aciem intendit; Pan. Messalae 132 intentaque tuis precibus se praehuit aure; Ov. Pont. 4. 4. 35 intendant aures ad tua verba suas; Cels. 6. 6. 36 ut neque is (pculus) quoquam intendi possit; lustin. 11. 8. 8 ocuJos in vulium legentis intendit; Sil. 2. 114 vultum intendens telumque in virginis aray Tac. H. 5. 17 qtwcunque oculos miles intenderet, and so often. (e) In other contexts : to hold out against or towards; especially as applied to danger, threats, and the like :, Cic. Rose. Am. 7 periculum quod in omnes intenditur; Har. Kesp. \ periculum iudicii intendi ; Cael. ^/^ /acinus in alienum hominem intenium; lustin. 2. 5. g inopinantibus verbera intenta; Curt. 10. 8 (26). 7 in ipsum periculum quod inimico paulo ante intenderat; 7. g (22). 21 iuvenibus talem dolum intendunt ; Tac. A. 3. 48 ob intenta Lepidae pericula. (f) Intendere pugnam, bellum, to turn the conflict or the war in a certain direction : Liv. 2. 50. 9 pugna, quam in omnes partes parem intenderat; 21. 6. 6 alii to turn in Hispaniam Hannibalemque intendebant bellum;- 28. 41. 8 ubi Hannibal est, eo bellum intendens. (g) To turn towards, of using a means to an end : lustin. 21.4. i opes suas in occupandam dominationem intendit. (h) Especially, in law, intendere litem and the like, to bring a charge: Cic. De Or. i. 42 singulae familiae litem tibi intenderent; Caec. 20 cum hoc novae- litis genus tarn malitiose intenderet; Mil.. 36 actionem perduellionis intenderat; Lucr. 3. 950 iustam intendere litem.; Liv. 9. 26. 11 in quos crimen intendebatur ; Quint. 3. 6. 83 ut non videatur iure actiff intendi; 9. 2. 104 intendere crimen; Tac. A. 6. 4 mutua accusatione intenta. (i) From this is apparently derived the usage of intendo of a speaker or advocate = to argue, contend, maintain a point : some- times followed by aec. and inf.: Ter. Eun. 525 earn sese intendit esse, utist audacia;. Cic. Quinct. 88 qua moda nunc intendit^. ne in vivorum quidem numero demonstrat fuisse; Ffeec. 84 quod fdlmm intenderit; Fam. i. 2. 2 cum Lupus intendere: coepif ante se oportere discessionem. facere quam., etc.; De Or. \. significat.) (b) To offer to sell, whether of an auctioneer, or of a private person : Diomedes p. 398 K 'liceo' 'liees' 'licet' dicimus cum ad pretium referimus, id est 'liceo denariis totidem' ; so perhaps in Cic. Att. 12. 23. 2 de Drusi hortis quanti licuisse tu scribis, id ego quoque audieram : i. e. for how much he offered to sell them; so again perhaps Hor. i. S. 6. 13 contra Laevinum Valeri genus . . . unius assis Non unquam pretio pluris licuisse (i. e. the fact that he was descended from Valerius did not add a penny to his value, Uterally, did not offer him for more by a penny); Plin. 35. 88 percontdniique quanti liceret opera effecta, parvum nescio quid dixerat; Mart. 6. 66. 4 parvo cum pretio diu liceret, Dum puram cupit approbare cunctis. (c) Intrans., to be appraised, valued : perhaps in the passages of Cicero and Horace above quoted. 2. Deponent form liceor. (a) To offer a prize for a thing, bid: Plaut. Stich. 221 R logos ridiculos vendo. Age licemini\ Cic. Caecin. 16 twice, and elsewhere in Cic; Verr. 3. 27 eum qui digito licitus sit; Caes. G. i. 18 quod illo licente contra liceri auderet nemo ; Suet. lul. 20 ne in locatione novorum vectigalium immoderatius licerentur. With ace. of the thing 5 1 8 Lixa — Lutina. bid for: Cic. Att. I2. 38. 4 heredes Scapulae si istos hortos, quaiiuof partihus faciis, liceri cogitant, nihil erit emptori loci (i. e. if the heirs are going to bid for them themselves, opp. to sin venibunt, which follows); Plin. Pan. 50 illud nunquam nisi Caesaris suburbanum licemur, emimus, implemus. (b) To set a value upon a thing : Pers. 5. 191 et centum Graecos curto centusse liceiur. (In Plin. 14. 141 the oldest and best MS. reads inlicentur.) Iiixa, -ae, subst. f., water : Non. p. 48 ' lixam ' aquamad castra veteres dixerunt; p. 62 ^ lixam' aquam veteres vocaverunt \ Isid. Or. 20. 2. 22 'lixa' enim aqua diciiur; Gloss. Hild. 'lixa^ aqua; and other glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 403. {Lie-, to flow.) Lixo, -onis {lixa), a water carrier: Gloss. Epin. 13. A. 27' ' lixones ' aquarum portitores. Ldquacitas = /o^K^Z/fl, conversation: Fulgent. Myth. i. 27; Verg. Cont. p. 144 (Ronsch S. B. p. 41). Lucar = lucus : C. I. L. 9, 782 (Luceria) in hoce loucarid. Lucetlus, -i, also spelt Louceiius and Leucetius : old title of Jupiter as the god of light; Carmen Saliare apud Terent. Scaur, p. 28 K in form Leucesius {si I.e.); Macrob. S. i. 15. 14 Luceiium Salii in carminibus canunt. Naev, ap. Gell. 5. 12. 6; Serv. A. 9. 570 who says the name is Oscan ; Paul. p. 114 M. In Rhenish inscriptions (C. I. R. 929 Louc- ; 930, 1540 Leuc-) the word is an epithet or title of Mars. In A. 9. 570 Verg. uses Luceiius as a proper name, scanning Luceiius or Leucetyus. The form Leucesius is perhaps supported by Gloss. Philox. Lucerius Zevs, unless this be a corruption for Luceiius. Ii-iieunar, parallel form oi lacunar: Charis. p. 38 K. Iiureo, -es, to be yellow : a verb found, according to Mr. Ellis, in a 13th cent, manuscript of Ov. M. 2. 776 lurent rubigine denies. (The same word is conj. by Ritschl for virere in Plant. Men. 828 viden tu illic oculos lurere ; and should perhaps be read for virens, urens sjoA furens of the MSS. in Hor. Epod. 17. 33 lurens in Aetna flamma. Mr. Onions has made the same conjecture.) Liifltnun, an illumination or light: Gloss. Epinal. 13. E. 22 'lus- trum' illuminatio; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' lustrum ' quinqu^nnii iempus aut lumen. (Hence lustrare in the sense of gazing at : and in the compound inlustrare.) Iiutina, -ae, mud or clay work : Charis. p. 33 K lutinae TTi/Xm/iura; Script. De Id. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 581 lutina 7rrj\a>iia. M. — Mactus. 519 M. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing this letter is thus described: Mar. Vict. p. 34 K »z impressis invicem labris ■miigitum quendam intra oris specum attractis naribus dabit: Mart. Cap. 3. 261 m labris imprimitur. The mugitus attributed to the sound of m is also mentioned by Quint. 12. 10. 31, and Ter. Maur. pp. 332, 349 K. All the grammarians attest the fact, which might have been inferred from the elision of a final m before an initial vowel in poetry {jnultum ilk), that m final before a vowel was not fully pronounced. Cornutus ap. Cassiod. p. 147 K animadverti quosdam . . . eruditos eiiam m liiteram nee ubi oporieal dicentes nee ubi oporieal supprimentes. Hoc ne fiat hinc observari poterit, si sirnul subiciam si quid ad rectam scripturam. pertinet et ad divisionem syllabarum. Igitur si duo verba coniungantur , quorum prius m consonantem novissimam habeat, posterius a vocali incipiat, m conso- nans perscribitur quident, ceterum in enuntiando durum et barbarum sonat. At si posterius verbum quamlibet consonantem habuerit vel vocalem loco positam consonantis, servat m litterae sonum ; Quint. 9. 4. 40 m . . . quotiens ultima est et vocalem verbi sequentis ita contingit ut in earn transire possit, etiamsi scrihitur tamen parum exprimitur, ut ' mulium ilk ' et ' quantum erat; ' Prise, i. p. 29 K (perhaps from Pliny) m obscurum in extremitate dictionum sonat, ut ' templum,' apertum in principio, ut ' magnus,' mediocre in mediis, ut ' umbra' Verrius Flaccus wished to introduce the custom of writing final m before a vowel with only half the letter ( A ) : see Velius Longus p. 80 K. Caesellius Vindex ap. Cassiod. p. 206 K says that if m preceded a consonant or consonantal vowel {i or u) it was better to pronounce it as « : comp. Scaurus p. 13 K ot et n consentiunt et paene idem sonant; and Cornut. ap. Cassiod. p. 152 K lays down that tantus and quantus, though pronounced with n, should be written tamtus and quamtus. (See further under Mytaclsmus.) As an abbreviation, M may stand for the praenomen Marcus, and the words magister, mares, mater, memoriae or memoriam, menses, metalla, miles, modii, monumentum, municipes, municipium, murmillo, munere, Macedonica, Minerva, maiora, maximus, mortuus, magnus, milliaria, muliebris, mille, millia, missus. Ml = Manius. I. Mactus, -a, -um : part. pass, of a lost verb maco or mago, to make great. 1. Magnified, extolled. (a) Used specially in connexion with sacrifices, of the god to whom the oflfering is 530 Mactus. made, by which he is said to be honoured or magnified. In this connexion the word is thus explained by Arnobius 7. 31 ' mactus hoc vino inferio esto ' quid est aliud quam dicer e ' tantum eslo mactus quantum volo, tantum amplificatus quantum iubeo ' ? So Paul. p. 125 M 'mactus' magis auctus: Nonius p. 58, Serv. A. 9. 641. It was common to address a god to whom sacrifice was made made esto hoc vino, or more rarely mactus esto : Cato R. R. 132 luppiter . . . mack hoc vino inferio esto; so 134; 139 made hoc porco piaculo immolando esto; 141 hisce suovetaurilibus lac- tentibus ; comically, Lucil. g. 1 made tua virtute simulque his versibus esto. (b) In addressing a person, made esto seems to have been equivalent to 'a blessing on you'; made esto virtute=. a blessing on your courage ! (literally, be honoured, increased with your courage, may your courage bless you !), so made ingenio, gloria, merito, and the like are found in good authors: Pacuvius 146 macte esto virtute, operaqui omen approba; Accius 473 made his armis, mada virtutem patris ; Turpil. 7 macte virtute esto ; Cic. Att. 12. 6. 3 macte virtute \ Att. 15. 20. 3 macte \ and in Verg. (A. 9. 641 made nova virtute), and other good writers; Mart. 12. 6. 7 macte animi; Stat. Th. 7. 280 macte animo ; Floras i. 34. (2. 18.) 16 made fortissimam et meo iudicio beatissimam in ipsis malis civitatem ! (The meaning of the fragment Inc. Inc. Trag. 2 3 Rib- beck age, propera macte nitier is uncertain.) (c) The form macte is sometimes used in addressing a number of persons : Liv. 7. 36. 5 macte virtute, milites Romani; 2. 12. 14 iuberem macte virtute esse, si pro mea patria ista virtus staret; Sen. Ep. 66. 50 'made virtute' sanguinolentis et ex acie redeuntibus dicitur; but in Plin. 2. 54 and Curt. 4. I. 18 we have macti este. As the earlier writers seem to use the word indeclinably, it seems most probable that it is the adverb of mactus, not the voc. sing. And thus macte esse would be partly analogous to bene, male, satis esse ; and perhaps satin salve, in which salve was taken by some Roman grammarians to be an adv. 2. Mactus also seems to have been used of a victim on whose head wine, frankincense, or the like was placed ; Serv. A. 9. 641 quotiens . . . tus aut vinum super vidimam fundebatur , dicebant ' mactus est taurus vino vel ture hoc,' hoc est, cumulata est hostia et magis auda ; (literally, the victim is piled or heaped with the incense, etc.) [The ancients agree as to the meaning of the word, that it = increased, magnified, nor does there seem to be any reason to question their judgment, though they were, of course, wrong in supposing mndus to b*-, contracted for magis auctus. The Mactus — Macto. 521 metaphorical usages of the base mag- in Latin are very analogous to those of the base mah-, great, in Sanskrit; where various verbs derived from it (memaha, mahayami, and others) mean to gladden, make cheerful, make great, increase, aggrandise, revere, do honour to, worship, adore ; e. g. pragastibhir mahayase, ' thou art honoured by hymns,' and the like.] II. Mactus, -a, -um, part pass, from maco, to wound, waste, destroy; from which are also derived macies, macor, macula (properly a wound or hole made by striking), macellum. Perhaps Ace. 305 exilio made; certainly Lucr. 5. 1339 boves lucae ferro male mactae Diffugiunt. Maeto, -as (see I. Mactus). 1. To add to, increase : Ace. 473 macte his armis, macta viriutem patris. 2. Like augeo, to magnify, honour, extol. (a) Enn. ap. Serv. A. 9. 641 Ennius inde redit magna madatus triumpho; Ace. Didasc. i. sapientiaeque invidae gloriae atque honoris patera Nepiunum madavit aurea; Cic. Rep. I. ^■^ ferunt laudibus ei madant konoribus; Arnob. 2. 28 animas . . . immortalitatis condinone madatas. (b) Specially of honouring or magnifying a god with sacrifice, or offering : Cic. Vatin. 14 puerorum extis Deos Manes madare; Arnob. i. 41 Libe- rum pair em fanorum consecratione madare. (c) Of glorifying a festival: Cic. Div. i. 18 madare Latinas {J'erias') lade. 3. (See I. Mactus 2). To heap up, load a person with a thing, heap it on his head: (a) Plaut. Amph. 1034 R at ego te certo cruce et cruciatu maddbo ; Aul. 53 1 R dotatae madant et malo damnant viros; Afran. 264 di te madassint malo ; Enn. Trag. 285 qui ilium di deaeque magna madassint mala ; Pompon. 137 at te di omnes cum consilio, calve, madassint mala ; Cic. Vatin. 36 maiore es malo madandus ; elsewhere Cic. has morte (as Cat. i. 27, 33), supplicio aliquem madare. Met., Verr. 4. 26 cum videant ius civitatis ilia supplicia esse madatum. (b) Mado te infortunio is a colloquial phrase in the comedians = I've only bad luck for you ; sometimes accompanied with an expression of indifference or contempt : Plaut. Trin. 993 ego ob hanc operam argentum accepi : te mado infortunio : Ceterum qui sis, qui nan sis, ciccum nan inter duim ; Cure. 537 R nan mediocri te mado infortunio, Sed eopse ilia quo madare soleo quoi nil debeo; Bacch. 364 R si era reprehensus, mado ilium infortunio; Ter. Ph. \02% faxo tali eum madatum atque hie est infortunio ; Novius 39 mado te hisce verbenis, mada tu ilium infortunio. 4. From the idea of heaping the head of the 523 Maesius — MalcMo. victim with meal and salt (see I. Maetus 2), mactare, like immolare, came to be used simply in the sense of to sacrifice ; often with dat. of the gods to whom the offering is made: Pacuv. 289 coniugem macto inferis; Cato R. R. 134 madato ferdum, struem; Varro ap. Non. p. 341 quot Kalendis luniis . . . fabatam pulkm dis madant'. so very often in Latin, e. g. Lucr. 3. 52 nigras madant pecudes; Verg. often; Liv. 9. 40. 9 eos se Oreo mactare diditans; Hor., Ov., and other good writers. The meaning of castra mactaho in mare, Ace. iz6, is doubtful ; Nonius p. 341 glosses mactare as ^praecipi- tare. 5. Mado simply = to slay, kill (perhaps from II. Maetus) : Ace. 52 quod utinam me suis arcitenens ielis mactasset dea; Cic. Tusc. 2. 22 haec dextra Lernam taetra mactata excetra Pacavit; Verg. A. 2. 667 alterum in alterius madatos sanguine; 8. 294 tu Cresia madas Prodigia (whence Ov. M. 4. 23) ; Mart. i. 49. 24 ; and elsewhere in Latin. Maesius, -i : the Oscan form of Maius. 1. The month of May: Paul. p. 136 Maesius lingua Osca mensis Maius ; Placidus p. 66 (emend. J. H. Onions) Maesio Maio {ior Masio malo). 2. The name of a character probably in the f alulae Atellanae, synonymous with Pappus, an old father : Varro L. L. 7. 96 rustici pappum Mesium non Maesium {dicuni); Paul. p. 135 has a note ' Maeson ' comica persona, perhaps alluding to the same word as Varro. Magmentum, -i, subst. n. concrete, uncertain whether from mac-, to increase, or mac-, to hew. A part of the entrails offered in sacrifice : Placidus p. 66 D ' magmentum ' alii pinguissimum exto- rum, alii secunda proseda : Cornutus, quidquid modus (macitur ?) i. e. distrahitur \ Varro L. L. 5. 112 derives it from magis, a dish; Paul. 126 M and Serv. A. 4. 57 from magis audum; Arnob. 7. 24 non magmenta, non augmina; C. I. L. 3. 1933 (Salonae, a. d. 137) quod magmentum nee protollat (= quamvis exta non deponat). Malatus, -a, -um (probably from malum in the sense of a disease), glossed in Gloss. Philox. as = o-TuyKo's : malatus o-TvyvSs. Malchio, glossed in Gloss. Philox. as = a?;8^r, unpleasant : thus the Trimalchio of Petronius will = rpls ot;8ijs. The meaning agrees with Mart. 3. 82. 32 hos malchionis patimur improhi fastus, the malchio being the odious Zoilus. Malchio is found as cognomen I. R. N. 321 1 (Cumae), 6980, 7083 (now at Naples); C. I. L. i. 1087,1091 (Rome); 5. 81 15. 67 (Verona); and elsewhere in inscr. Maleformis — Manes. 5*3 M&leformis, ill-shaped : Gloss. Philox. maleformis Sia-fiofxpos. Maleiurus, swearing falsely : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 7 ' mak- iurus ' periurus. Mandela, a napkin : Script. De Idiom. Gen. ap. Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 581 K mandela iidnniov. (Perhaps a misunderstanding of the neuter pi. man/ek'a.) MandlbiUum = a manger : Gloss. Philox. mandibulum <[>dTva>fui. Manes, -ium : gen. Maniorum, quoted by Pompeius p. 196 K (F. Haverfield). 1. The use of this word for bones or dust, the material part of what remains after death, deserves special attention. I have noticed the following instances : Verg. A. 4. 34 id cinerem aut manes credis curare sepultos'i Prop. 2. 13. 32 ubi sup- positus cinerem me fecerit ardor, Accipiai manes parvula testa meos ; 4. 5. 3 nee sedeant cineri manes; Livy 31. 30. 5 omnium nudatos manes, nullius ossa terra tegi; Lucan 6. 586 Hesperiae cineres avertere gentis, Ossaque nohilium, tantosque adquirere manes ; 809 et Romanorum manes calcate deorum ; 7. 852 quo non Romanos violabis vomere manes; 8. 844 manes transferre revolsos Ausoniam; Pers. i. 38 nunc non e manibus illis Nascentur violae} 2. Manes simply = a corpse : Lucan 6. 561 qtwtiens saevis opus est etfortibus umbris. Ipsa facet manes ; 9 . 151 inhumatos condere manes. 3. In the sense of spirits of the dead, and of the abode of spirits, the word is very commonly found : see the lexx. In Verg. A. 6. 743 quisque suos patimur manes, manes probably means death, that is, state of death. I should explain the words by reference to the philosophical idea which was part of the doctrine here expounded by the poet, that true life only begins after the taints of the body are purged away, and that life in the body is, to the spirit or immortal element, a state of death. The corporeal element, therefore, the passions, the lower part of human nature, is the manes or death of the soul, which it suffers or endures [patitur) until the purification is com- plete. Comp. Cic. Rep. 6. 14 immo vera, inquit, ii vivunt, qui e corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt, vestra vero quae dicitur vita mors est, and Macrobius's comment on the passage (Somn. Scip. i. 6. 9) secundum kaec igitur quae a theologis adse- runtur, si vere ' quisque suos patimur manes ' et inferos in his corpo- ribus esse credimus, quid aliud intellegendum est quam mori animam cum ad corporis inferna demergitur, vivere autem cum ad supera post corpus evadit. Manes is quoted as used in the sense olpoenae from Stat. Theb. 8. 84 at tibi quos, inquit. Manes ! But the context of the passage shows that what is meant is ' what a life below awaits 534 Manipulosus — Mediastinus. thee.' Schaper cites Ausonius Oratio 56 (3. 102, p. 9 Peiper) as showing that manes means no more than the torments of the lower world; but the whole connection seems to prove that Ausonius connected manes with the frailty of the body : si membra caduca Exsecror, et taciturn si paenitet, altaque sensus Formido excruciat, tor- mentaque sera Gehennae Anticipat, patiturque suos mens conscia manes^- M&nlpiildsus, arranged in manipuli : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 and 7 ' manipulosus ' derectus. Mautiale = the breastplate of the high priest = Xoyelov or Rationale : Itala Exodus 36. 15, 16 (Ronsch S. B. p. 43). Marcido, -as (marcidus\ to melt, waste away : Gloss. Philox. ' marcidat' et ' marcerat' (probably for marcidat, i. e. macerat), Ttjitd, XejTTUi/et. Marcitiis, -us, glossed as = wLKporris, bitterness : Script. Id. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 575. (Probably for amarities.) Marsio = o^i8taya>v, iIkoios, \ddpa S,(Ta>Tos, In any Nector — Noxa. 533 case the word means a humbug, impostor : Lucil. ap. Non. I. c. (lib. 14) lucifugus, nebulo; lb. 20 nugator ac nebulo ; Pomponius ap. Non. 1. c. quid dedi nehulorWi Ter. Eun. 268 ; Cic. Rose. Am. \2% ab isto nebulone facetius eludimur quam putamus; Hor. i. S. 2. 12 vappae famam timet et nebulonis ; so exactly i. S. i. 104; i. Epist. 2. 28 sponsi Penelopae, nebulone s ; Gell. i. 2. 7 vulgus nehulonum hominum qui . . . atra verborum et argutiarum fuligine ob oculos audientium iacta, etc. ; 16. 6. 12 /acefias nebulonis hominis. WeetSr, -oris {neco), a slayer : Macrob. Exc. Bob. p. 655 K ayxovi.(Trrfs nector (F. Haverfield) ; comp. ' necti ' mortui Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6. Weriosus, adj. from Nerio, strong, courageous : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' neriosus' resident, fortis. (See Lowe P. G. p. 349.) Nex'fl.s, -us. 1. For the legal usages of this word and of necto and nexum see the author's Lectures and Essays, etc. pp. 363-366. It is worth observing that the use of these words in connexion with imprisonment lingers in late Latin : Sedul. Pasch. Carm. 4. 25 solatur nexos in car cere; Macrob. Comm. Somn. Scip. I. I. 5 illis {animis) nexu corporis absolutis {the prison of the body); ib. I. 3. 12 nexus naturae caligantis; Amm. 14. 11. 18 solutus corporeis nexibus animus. 2. For nexus, -its in the general sense of obligation the following additional instances may be quoted : Ti. Donatus on A. 8. 74 solent quippe liberari nexu qui semel pro- mittunt et semel vota persolvunt; Isid. Or. 5. 7. i nexus foederis faciendi; Schol. Hor. 2. S. 3. 70 '■catenas^ cautiones et nexus iuris; Schol. Bob. ad Cic. In Clodium et Curionem p. 333 Orelli, of a sponsio. Winnarus, glossed as morio, cuius uxor moechatur : ipse sett et tacet: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 19. IT6vaeularius, a maker of razors : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168. Noxa, -ae, subst. f. abstr., (i) Punishment, (2) Offence, (3) Harm or damage. 1. Punishment : Accius Melanippus ap. Fest. p. 174 (429 Rib.) tete esse huic noxae obnoxium; Sail. H. i. 48. II cupidine et noxarum metu; Liv. 8. 28. 8 ne quis, nisi qui noxam meruisset, donee poenam lueret, in compedibus aut in nervo teneretur : pecuniae creditae bona debiioris, non corpus, obnoxium esse. Ita next soluti; 2. 59. 6 ut nihil praeter tempus noxae lucrarentur ; 23. 14. 3 qui capitalem fraudem ausi essent, . . . ex noxa pecuniaque exsolvi; 8. 35. 5 non noxae eximitur Q. Fabius, qui contra edictum 534 Noxa. imperatoris .pugnavit, sed noxae damnatus donatur populo Romano, donatur tribuniciae potestati. Noxae or in noxam dedere was a legal phrase = to give up a guilty person for punishment : Gloss. Philox. noxam (i. e. in noxam) dedit, At KSKatnv SeSaxev, fir eidvvas. Fest. p. 174 cum lex iuhet noxae dedere; Liv. 26. 29. 4 velut dedi noxae inimico; Ov. M. 13. 663 consortia peciora noxae Dedere; Colum. praef. 3 rem rusticam noxae dedimus ; in legal writing it is applied mainly to slaves or animals : Dig. 9. i. i. 14 noxae autem dedere est animal tradere vivum; 2. 9. r. i {servus) noxae deditus; 4. 4. 24. 3 aut verberibus castigandus aut noxae dedendus erit; 9. i. 1. II aut noxam sarcire aut in noxam dedere (of an animal); 9. 2. 27. 2 servus noxae dedi in solidum ; so 9. 4. 4. 3, 9. 4. 5 praef., 9. 4. 21. 2, 9. 4. 26. 5 noxae deditio (of slaves); Gaius 4. 75- 2. Offence : Formula ap. Liv. 9. 10. 9 quandoque hice homines - . . noxam nocuerunt; Verg. A. i. 41 unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei; Liv. 5. 47. 10 reum hauddubium eius noxae; 3. 55. 5 eum ius fasque esset occidi, neve ea caedes capitalis noxae haberetur ; 32. 26. 16 qui in ea noxa essent; Ov. Pont. 2. 9. 72 est tamen his gravior noxa fatenda mihi; Liv. 34. 61. 9 rempublicam non extra noxam modo sedetiam extra famam noxae conservandam esse ; 36. 21. 3 sine ullius noxa urbis (fault on the part of); Ov. M. i. 214 quantum noxae sit ubique repertum; Gaius i. 13 servi . . . de quibus ob noxam quaestio tormentis habita sit, et in ea noxa fuisse convicti sunt. 3. Harm or damage : Sail. H. i. 48, i prava incepta consultoribus noxae esse; Ov. F. 6. 129 qua tristes pellere posset A foribus noxas ; M. ig. 334 sine noxa luce bibuntur ; Colum. i. 6. 15 ab noxa cir- culionum; 12. 3. 7 veram noxam concipere; Plin. 2. 158 miramur si eadem (terra) ad noxam genuit aliqual Especially in law, damage: (see also noxalis actio); Dig. 35. 2. 63 praef eius servi qui noxam nocuit; 5. i. 18. i ex aliqua noxa, ex qua patri actio competit; 50. 16. 200 noxae quae publicam exercitionem et coerci- tionem capitalem habent. Noxa solutus is an abbreviated expression for noxali actione solutus, i. e. not liable to an action for damage : Dig. 21. I. 17. 17 quod aiunt aediles 'noxa solutus non sit' sic intellegendum est, ut non hoc debeat pronuntiari, nullam eum noxam commeruisse, sed illud ' noxa solutum esse,' hoc est ' noxali iudicio subiectum non esse.' The phrase occurs Dig. 19. i. 11. 8 servum furtis noxaque solutum; 21. i. i. i ; 50. 16. 174. In Inst. 4. 8. i noxa is defined to be cajiut quod nocuit. This is probably a mistake arising from a misinterpretation of the phrase noxae deditio, noxae having been taken as a genitive. (Noxa in all its Noxalis — Numen. 535 senses may be derived from noc-, to hurt ; but it is probable that in its first meaning, punishment, it may come from nee-, to bind ; in other words that there were originally two words, noxa = prison, and noxa, injury, which came to be considered as one. See Noxus and Obnoxius.) Noxalis, -e, adj. from noxa, concerned with or pertaining to damage : noxalis actio, an action for compensation for a damage committed : Dig. 9. 4. i from Gains, noxales actiones appellantur quae nan ex contractu, sed ex noxa atque maleficio servorum adversus nos instituuntur ; quarum actionum vis ac potestas haec est, ut si damnatifuerimus, liceat nobis deditione ipsius corporis quod deliquerit evitare litui aestimafionem ; 21. i. 17. 17 noxale iudicium; and else- where in law ; sometimes noxalis is found without actio as subst. Woxatlo, punishment : Gloss. Philox. noxatio e^dwa. Noxus = nexus, bound : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 371 ' noxe,' colligate ; ' noxe,' ligate, Humen laedere, vidlare, delibare. The words quo numine laeso in Verg. Aen. r . 8 would have occasioned less difficulty to the commentators than they have done, if it had been remembered that numen in this context is apparently used for the presence of a deity, whether seen or indicated by some sign, whether that sign be an image, a vision, or anything else, Lucretius says (6. 68 foil.) quae nisi respuis ex animo longeque remittis Dis in- digna putare, alienaque pads eorum, Delibata deum per te iibi numina sancta Saepe oberunt : non quo violari summa deum vis Possit, ut ex ira poenas petere inhibat acris, Sed quia tute tibi placida cum pace quietos Constitues magnos irarum volvere fluctus. Nee de- lubra deum placida cum pectore adibis, Nee de corpore quae sancto simulacra feruntur In mentes hominum divinae nuntiaformae, Susci- pere haec animi tranquilla pace valebis. Here the delibatio numinuvi seems to consist in the wrong interpretation of those signs of the divine nature which philosophy reveals; a mistake to be punished by the incapacity of joining in worship, or approaching a temple with a mind rightly attuned. In Aen. 2. 183 hunc pro Palladio moniti,pro numine laeso, Effigiem siatuere, the laesio numinis is the violation of the sacred image. Horace at the beginning of his fifteenth Epode writes nox erat, et caelo fulgebat luna sereno Inter minora sidera. Cum tu, magnorum numen laesura deorum, In verba iurabas mea. The passage gains immensely in poetical meaning if we suppose the numen deorum to be the visible moon ^3*^ Nuncupo. and stars : pocte guidem, sed luna videt, sed sidera testes Intenduni oculos, as Juvenal has it. In Livy 2. 36. 4 Titus Latinius, who has treated a vision with contempt, is asked satin magnam spreti numinis haberet mercedem\ TibuU. i. 2. 81 nuni Veneris magnae violavi numina verba (Venus being present) ; so i. 3. 79 Danai pro- les Veneris quod numina laesit; i. 9. 6 (of the violation of an oath) aequum est impune licere Numina formosis laedere vestra semel; Ov. Trist. 2. 108 Inscius Actaeon vidit sine veste Dianam . . . Scilicet in superis etiam fortuna luenda est, Nee veniam laeso numine casus habet. But the wide field which may be covered by the expression is best indicated by Ovid, Her. 2. 31 foil, (referred to, but not explained, by Orelli on Hor. 1. c.) iura, fides ubi nunc, commissague dextera dextrae, Quique erat in /also plurimus ore deus ? Promissus socios ubi nunc Hymenaeus in annos. Qui mihi coniugii sponsor et obses erat? Per mare, guod totum ventis agitatur et undis, Per quod saepe ieras, per quod iturus eras, Pergue tuum mihi iurasti, nisi fictus et ilk est, Concita gui ventis aequora mulcet, avum, Per Venerem nimiumgue mihi facientia tela. Altera tela arcus, altera tela faces, lunonemque, toris quae praesidet alma maritis, Et per taediferae mystica sacra deae. Si de tot laesis sua numina guisgue deorum Vindicet, in poenas non satis unus eris. Here the numina are the name of a god on the lips, the angry sea, the weapons of Venus, the sacred things of Ceres. I would therefore suggest that quo numine laeso impulerit means ' what sign of her deity had been slighted that she compelled,' etc. 1 Nuncupo, -as, to utter, declare : XII Tabb. ap. Cic. De Or. I. 243; Fest. p. 173 M uti lingua nuncupasit; Cic. Off. 3. 65 cum esset ex xii tabulis satis ea praestari guae essent lingua nuncupata. With ace, to name, mention ; especially as 1. 1. of Law, nuncupare pecuniam, heredem, testamentum. (a) Pecuniam : to mention a certain sum as disposable in a particular way : Cincius ap, Fest. p. 173 nuncupata pecunia est . . . nominata, certa, nomini- bus propriis pronuntiata ; or according to Santra quoted ib. nuncu- pata pecunia meant non derecto nominata, sed promissa, et guasi testificata, circumscripta, recepta ; Varro L. L. 6. 60 '■nuncupare' nominare valere, apparet in legibus, ubi ' nuncupatae pecuniae ' sunt scriptae; Gains 2. 104 nuncupare enim est nominare; Isid. Or. 5. 24. 12. (b) Nuncupare heredem, to declare or mention byname as heir; the regular phrase in Roman law : nuncupare testamentum, to declare one's will: Plin. Ep. 8. 18. 5 testamentum; Pan. 43 Nymphaticus — O. 537 nuncuparis {keres) ; Suet. Cal. 38 palam heres nuncuparefur ; Claud. 4; Gaius 2. 104; ib. 109 neque nuncupaverint testamentum; Dig. 28. I. 21 her edes palam Ua ui exaudiri possint nuncupandi sunt: licebit ergo testanti vel nuncupare her edes vel scrihere : sed si nuncupai, palam debet, etc.; so ib. 25; 28. 5. i. i institutum autem heredem eum quoque dicimus qui scriptus non est, sed solum modo nuncupatus ; ib. 5 plus nuncupatum, minus scriptum; Dig. 37. 11. 8. 4; lustin. 12. IS- 13 j Cod. 6. 23. 7. (e) Of an adoption, to declare : Tac. H, I. I'j an . . . in castris adoptio nuncuparetur. (d) Of the creation of a queen : Justin 24.2. 9 nuncupaturumque se earn reginam. (e) In other contexts: Liv. i. 3. 2 lulum lulia gens auctorem nominis sui nuncupat (formally declares) ; ib. 4. 2 Martem incertae stirpis patrem nuncupat. (f) In religion, to utter a vow {votum nuncu- pare) ; especially of the solemn vows made by consuls before a war : Cic. Verr. 5. 34 cum vota pro . . . imperio Romano nuncupasset ; Phil. 3. 11 vota ea quae nunquam solveret nuncupavit; Caes. C. i. 6 paludatique votis nuncupatis exeunt; Liv. 21. 63. 9; 41. 10. 13; and elsewhere in Latin, e.g. Fast. p. 173 M m votis nuncupandis. (g) In general, = voco or appello, to call upon a person or his name : Pacuv. 239 quis tu es, mulier, quae me insueto nuncupasti nomine} Trag. Inc. ap. Varro. L. L. 6. 60 qui meum nomen nuncupat. (h) To appeal to: Pacuv. 141 Aegisthi jidem Nuncupantes. (i) Of things, to name: Cic. N. D. i. 38 res utiles et salutares deorum esse vocabulis nuncupatas ; so 2. 60, 71 in the same context; Ov. F. I. 246 collis erat quem cultrix nomine nostra Nuncupai haec aetas ; M. 14. 608 qtiem turba Quirini Nuncupai Indigitem. (k) To mention by name : Plin. 4. 9 1 et maria quidem eius nuncupavimus ; 7. 95 Pompei titulos omnes triumphosque hoc loco nuncupari. (The word is noticed as archaic by Cic. De Or. 3. 153, Quint. 8. 3. 27.) Wymphatieus, adj., possessed, inspired : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168 ^nymphaticus' arrepticius. o. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing this letter is thus described : Mar. Vict. p. 33 K qui correptum enuntiat, nee magno hiatu labra reserabit, et retrorsum actam linguam tenebit Longum autem productis labris, riciu tereti, lingua antro oris pendula sonum tragicum dabit. Ter. Maur. p. 329 K says much the same about : but on he adds at longior alto tragicum sub oris antro Molita roiundis acuit sonum labellis. Mart. Cap. 3. 261 says roiundi oris spiritu comparatur ; Serv, on Don. p. 421 K 53^ 6b — Obnoxius. produdum quando est, ore siihlato vox sonat, ut'Roma\' quando correptum, de Idbris vox exprimitur, tti ' rosa.' As an abbreviation, O may stand for the words officina, hoplomachus, optio, ossa, opus, orii's, obitus, obiit, opio, oro, oh. 6b in the sense of circum or close round : Paul. p. 179 M '0^' praepositio alias ponitur pro ' ci'rcum,' ut cum dicimus urhem obsideri, obsignare, obvallari; Serv. (Dan.) i. 233 'oh Italiam' multi ' iuxta Italiam ' antiquo more dictum accipiunt, ut sit 'pars or bis quae circa Italiam est' . . . 'Ob' circum, ut ' Turni se pestis ob ora Fertque refertque sonans' (A. 12. 865) ; Prise. 2. p. 37 K in compositione vero (ob) significationem ' contra ' vel ' circum ' complet ..." circum '. . i ut ' obumbro,' ' obambulo.' This use of ob is most clearly seen in com- pounds : e. g. obambulo, obdo, obedo, obeo in the sense of surrounding, oberro, obligo, oblustro, obnecto, obnoxius, observo, obsideo, obsaepio, obsero, obstringo, obverto, offlecto in the sense of turning round. Obesulus, adj., dim. from I. Obesiis, slender : given as an expla- nation oi teres in Hor. Epod. 11. 27 {teretis pueri) by Comm. Cruq. I. Obesus, adj., thin, slender: Laevius ap. Gell. 19. 7. 3, Non. p. 361 corpore pectoreque undique obeso. (Originally the pass. part, of obedo, to eat round.) II. Obesus or dbessus, fat : probably from and bassus. The may be the same as the of o-mitto. and perhaps stand for au ; as it is difficult to identify it with ob-. The word is spelt obessus by Pal. in Verg. G. 3. 80, by Gloss. Philox., Hild., and Epinal. 17. A. 22. Obligatlo, in the concrete sense of a chain, bond : Itala Is, 58. 6 dissolve obligationes ; and elsewhere in Vulg. and Itala ; Ronsch S. B. p. 50. Oblitteratus, t. t. of Grammar, pluperfect: Charis. p. 168 K obliiteratae, ut ' limaveram' Oblustro, -as, glossed as = circumspicio by Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168; Gloss. Sangall. p. 170 Warren 'oblus- trans ' circumspiciens. Obnecto = conligo : Gloss. Sangall. p. 171 Warren ; Fest. p. 190 M ' obnectere ' est obligare. Obnoxius, obnoxiosus. The confused discussion of these words in Gellius 6. 17 has perhaps been responsible for the idea that in some of their meanings at least ihey were connected with nocere and noxia. All their meanings can be simply explained by deriving them from obnectere or obnoctere to bind. 1. Obnoxius or obnoxiosus then, in their original signification, mean Obscuritas. 539 bound, imprisoned, the direct opposite of liher. (a) Abs. : Enn. Tr. 260 ea lihertas est, qui pectus purum et firmum gestitat: Altae res obnoxiosae node in obscura latent; Sail. H. 4. 61. 4 ilk obnoxius (your slave, bound- over to you) qualem tu voles societatem accipiat; Sen. Ep. 65. 21 in hoc obnoxio domicilio (en- slaved) animus liber habitat. In Plaut. Stich. 497 R periei hercle plane, non obnoxie, the meaning seems to be ' I am ruined freely, without check or hindrance.' (b) With dat. of the person to whom one is bound or subject: Plaut. Mil. 743 Rib. non qui mi impera- rent quibusve ego essem obnoxius ; True. 835 R ego tibi me obnoxium fateor, culpae compotem; Trin. 269 quos tibi fecisti obnoxios ; Bacch. 1 197 R ne obnoxius filio sim et servo (lest I put myself in their power); Caecil. 2^ ne ... me tibi esse ob hanc rem (because you have hired me) obnoxium Reare; Plaut. Trin. 1038 mores leges per- duxerunt iam in potestatem suam, Magis quis sint obnoxiosae quam . . . parentes liberis ; Serv. E. 5. 80 obnoxios tibi homines /acies, ad vota solvenda, quae ante quam solvantur obligatos . . . retinent ; and so elsewhere in Latin. (In Plaut. Epid. 695 R the reading is doubtful.) (e) Of things in pawn or the property of a creditor : Liv. 8. 28. 8 pecuniae creditae bona debitoris, non corpus obnoxium esse; Cod. lust. i. 4. 31 res creditori obnoxias ; 8. 9. i ea quae tibi obnoxia sint; 8. 17. 6 quae de bonis suis /acit obnoxia. 2. The meaning of guilty, which obnoxius often bears, may easily be derived from that of bound, the guilty person being regarded as a prisoner : Paul. p. 191 M ' obnoxius poenae' obligatus; Serv. A. 10. 32 qui enim crimine tenetur obnoxius, poena eum a pristina liberal obliga- tione. An old instance of this usage is Ace. 429 tete esse huic noxae obnoxium (bound against this punishment) : the lexx. give other illustrations. 3. The common use of the word in the sense of obliged to, indebted to, literally and metaphorically, is again easily derivable from the idea of bound. Instances are Plaut. Trin. 1063 nisi quidem es obnoxius {servo), ' unless you are under obligations to him'; Stich. 284 R ut ambo ambobus nobis sint obnoxii; but the usage is amply illustrated in the lexx. 4. The metaphorical use of obnoxius as = slavish, abject, humble, which is illustrated fully in the lexx., e. g. Pacuv. 176 obnoxium esse aut brutum aut elinguem putes, is now easily explained ; and the same may be said of 5. Obnoxius with dat. in the sense of liable to, exposed to, not un- common in the silver age, e. g. Tac. D. 10 obnoxium offensae. Obscurltas = dark colour : Gloss. Hild. ' obscuritas ' ferrugo (Ronsch S. B. p. 50). 54° Obscus — Oburbo. Otascus, adj. This word, according to Festus p. 189 M, had two meanings ; one of them is lost in the mutilation of the MS. ; the other is sacer, leges obscatae being = leges sacratae. Perhaps obscus was connected with op- in op-erire, op-dcus, and meant secret, dark, closely-guarded. It is tempting to connect obscurus and obscenus with this word; the first would be formed from it as vagurrio from vagus, the second as alienus from alius. Thus obscenus may have originally meant dark, or what is kept in the dark; obscenae valuer es {Ytrg. A. 12. 876) would mean 'birds of night,' and obscenum omen (a bad omen) properly ' a word unfit for the light.' The common meaning of obscenus is easily derivable from this. It may be mentioned that Macrobius S. 6. i. 63 quotes Lucretius (g. 1294) as saying versaque in obscenum species est f aids ahenae, where the MSS. of Lucretius give in opprobrium. It is possible that in obscenum may be right, and mean ' into obscurity.' Obsequium, in the sense of service = \(irovpyia: Vulg. Phil. 2. 30 ut impleret quod ex vobis deerat erga me obsequium, al. Vulg. (Ronsch S. B. p. 51). Otaservatlo, in the sense of a grammatical usage : Suet. Gramm. 23 (Probus) reliquit non mediocrem silvam observaiionutn sermonis antiqui; Charis. p. 148 K; and often in the grammarians. Obsidio, -as, to lay snares : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168 ' obsidiaveruni' insidiati sunt. Obsorptio (or otasorbitio?), a gulf: Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168 ' vorago' obsorsio {sic) ei fossa profunda, terrae hiatus. Obter or opter, a preposition = /ro//^r : Charis. p. 230 K, Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 (Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168) ' opier' propter ; but Placidus p. 7 1 D says ' opter ' videndum est ne mendosum sit, et sit aut ^propter ' praepositio, aut ' obiter ' adverbium. Obverto, in the sense of to turn round (comp. offlecto in Plaut. Rud. 1013 R offlectarn navem); Sisenna fr. 20 (Peter Hist. Rell. p. 281) sicut steterat, manipulos obverti iussit; Cic. Aratea 376 Orelli cum coeptant tutos contingere partus, Obvertunt navem magna cum pandere nautae; Verg. A. 3. 549 carnua velaiarum obvertimus antemnarum; Liv. 6. 7. 3 obversus in aciem or dines interequitans ; 6. 24. 7 obvertique aciem viderunt in hostem. Oburbo, -as (spelt in some MSS. aburvo, but by the Corsianus and the Liber Glossarum oburbo), to draw a line round : Placidus p. 73 D ' oburbas ' circumscribis. (From urvus.) Occrucio — Ora. 54 1 Oeerttcio, -as, to torture : Script. De Idiom. Gen. ap. Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 570 K. Occiipativus, adj., fitted to seize upon: Gloss. Philox. occupa- tiva KaTciKrjfiiTTiKd. Offectfir, -oris, subst. m. ag. from offia'o, one who overlays one colour with another: Paulus p. 192 M '■ offectores' dicuntur colorum infectores ; p. 112 ' offectores ' qui propria colori novum officiunt; C. I. L. 4. 864 (Pompeii). Offendix, -leis, subst., a knot for holding on an apex or fiamen's cap : Fest. p. 205 M 'offendices' ait esse Titius nodos, quibus apex retineatur et remittatur. At Veranius coriola existimat, quae sint in loris apicis, quibus apex retineatur et remittatur, quae ab offendendo dicantur. Nam cum ad mentum perventum sit, offendit mentum ; Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' offendix' nodus proprie, quo apex flami- num retinetur et premitur. {Offendo. N. B. The word offendi- mentum, given by Paulus in his abridgment of the above note from Festus, is evidently a corruption for offendit mentum^ Offitaulo, -as {fibula), to fasten up : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' off^bulare ' concludere, circumdare. OffTmentiun, -i, glossed as = tt^Xos : Gloss. Philox. Olli (locative of ollus used in a temporal sense). 1. = olim, formerly: Lucil. ap. Serv. A. 12. 5 velut olli Auceps illefacit (so the MS.). 2. = turn, then: Serv. A. i. 254 'olli' modo 'tunc' {olli here means tunc') ; A. 5. 10 ' olW aut ' tunc', out ' illi.' Probus App. p. 199 K 'olim' non ' oli! Opera, -ae, in the sense of opus, work, performance: Cypr. Epist. 21. 2 secundum illarum paenitentiam et operas quas . . .fece- runt. (Ronsch S. B. p. 5r, who gives several other instances from the Itala and Vulgate. Hence, as he observes, the feminine gender of the French oeuvre and manoeuvre^ Opperimentum = expectatio : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6. opus = a dish : Anthim. c. 34, 48 (Ronsch S. B. p. 51), Ora, -ae, subst. f., an extremity, whether of the beginning or end of a thing : Fest. p. 182 M orae extremae partes terrarum, id est maritimae, dicuntur, unde et vestimentorum extremae partes, quae quidem et primae did possunt; Serv. A. 9. 528 'orae' sunt extremi- tates. Of a rope-end ; Gloss. Philox. osor /ito-ijT^r, oris apxah (so the glosses should be emended for oris osor t^to-n rtjs apxai). In the nautical phrase or am solvere, to loosen the end of the rope : Liv, .22. 542 Oratio — P. 19. 10 resolutis oris ; 2^.^6.xiorasefancoras...praeddunt; Quint. 4. 2. 41 suUatae sunt ancorae, solvimtis or am. So met., of the begin- ning of a thing : Caecilius 3 (ap. Eest. 1. c.) oram reperiri nullam quam expediam queo ; on which Festus says Caecilius . . . usus est pro initio (nothing to take hold of); Enn. ap. Serv. A. 9. 528 quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli, a line which Quint. 6. 3. 86 quotes with ingentes causes, showing that the word had been glossed as = causa, the origin of the war ; so Verg. A. 9. 528 from Ennius. Or per- haps the lengths, coils of the war; suggested by Homer's Treipap TToKenoio II. 13. 359- Oratio, in the sense of a house or place of prayer {irpoa-fvxfi) ; Vulg. Act. 16. 13, 16 u6i videhatur oratio esse: euntibus nobis ad orationem (Ronsch S. B. p. 52). 6rat6r = one who begs or prays: Tert. Marc. 4. 36 alterius dei nee templum nee oratores nee iudicium invenio penes Christum nisi creatoris; Salvian. Epist. 8. 2 deics iribuat, ut qui fuerunt discipuli quondam mei, sint nunc cotidie oratores mei (Ronsch S. B. p. 52). Orbatlo = blinding: Tertull. Bapt. 13 hoc est quod dominus in ilia plaga orbationis praeceperat (R.qtsc)\ S. B. p. 53). Ordo, in grammar, of declension or conjugation : Charis. pp. 18, 168 K. Originatio, etymology : quoted from an unnamed authority (guidam) by Qiiint. i. 6. 28; Ter. Scaurus pp. 12, 22 K. Osteutatura, -ae, a sign, wonder: Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168 ' ostentatura' ostensio insolita, veluti si fiat in nocte repentina lux. Ostentatiis, -us, a showing, display : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168 ' ostentatus' ostensio. Ostile : word of uncertain meaning in Lex Metalli Vipasc. 29 (Eph. Epigr. 3 to p. 167); supposed to ht = ustile by Bucheler. The passage is as follows : Conductori v\endere ligna] nisi ex recisa- minibus ramorum quae ostili idonea non erunt ne liceto. Perhaps ustile or ostile = oven, furnace ; comp. cubile. For the position of the vocal organs in pronouncing the letter / see under B, and add Martianus Capella 3. 261 / labris spiritu erumpit. P stands as an abbreviation for the names Publius and Pannonia ; and for the words pagus, passus, pater and its cases ; Paca mater — Pagus. 543 patriae, patronus, pecunia, pedes, pondo, populus, praefectus, praeses, procurator, proconsul, provincia, potestaie, praetor, pontifex, princeps, permissu, portorium, primipilus, primipilaris, pugnarum, pius and its cases ; primigenia, puhlicus and puplice, proximae, perpetuus, prae- positus, propria, perfectissimus (PP =.perfectissimi'), periit, posuit and posuerunt, ponendum, poni, placere, pro. Paea mater, or Pora mater, glossed as = wavaKtia, Gloss. Philox. (? Paeonia mater ?). Paetllis, adj., woven : Mr. Lindsay adds to the instance quoted in Georges the Acta Fratrum Arvalium p. cxix. 1. 35 Henzen (and ib. passim) cum corona pactili rosacia. Paotiior, -aris (pactus), to conclude a bargain : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. i68 ' pepigit' pactuatus est. Pagos, -i, subst. m. : sometimes called conciliabulum according to Isid. Or. 15. 2. 14. 1. Originally a community of families living in scattered houses, with a stronghold {firx, castellum) for de- fence in war, which was also sometimes aH^tA pagus, Dionys. 4. 15. So in later usage pagus might be applied either to the district or its central place of meeting. Mommsen thinks that the pagus was not an independent community, but the member of a larger one {fivitas ox populus). In historical times the pagi appear as districts in the towns or subordinate village communities. The inhabitants of a pagus had a common administration carried on under the superintendence of a magister or magisiri pagi; Siculus Flaccus ap. Grom. Lat. p. 164 Lachm. An inscr. of b. c. 74 (C. I. L. 1. 571) mentions a decree of \!siq pagus Herculaneus about repairing, in accordance with a lex of the pagus, the porticus pagana. So C. I. L. I. 1279, 1280 the magistri pagi build a temple ex pagi decreto. The magister pagi V12& a sacerdos; (see C. I. L. i. p. 204). It is common in inscriptions to find pagus with a local adj.: e.g. I. R. N. 1981 pagus Agri/anus; 1354. iii. 2^ pagus Beneventanus; ib. iii. 80 Celanus; 216 Forensis; 1354. iii. 68 Horticulanus ; 1354. ii. 25. 60 Meflanus; and so elsewhere. In the circle of Rome itself the pagani, or inhabitants of the districts included in the city, were as late as Cicero's time distinguished as collegia from the montani or inhabitants of the Septimontium (Cic. Dom. 74), and the pagus Aventinensis and lanicolensis were preserved even by Augustus in his new division into regiones and vici. Varro L. L. 6. 24 {paganalia) sunt eorum qui sunt alicuitis pagi; Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 30 habe rationem collegiorum omnium, vicinitatum, 544 Palla. pagorum ; Verg. G. 2. ^82 pagos et compita circum ; so Hor., Ov., and other authors frequently. The paganalia ox paganicae feriae were the holidays or festivals of the several pagi: Varro L. L. 6. 24, 26 ; TibuU. 2. I. 17; Ov. F. I. 667; Dionys. 4. 15. 2. As applied to non-Roman nations, as the Gauls or Germans, pagus is used by Caesar to denote a large district, territorial division or canton : Caes. G. i . 1 2 zj- pagus appellatur Tigurinorum, nam omnis civitas Helvetiorum in quattuor pagos divisa est; so ib. 27 ; G. 4. i centum pagi Suevorum, and so often elsewhere; Tac. G. 39 (Semnones) centum pagis habitant. (See Marquardt, Romische Staatsverwaltung i^. p. 5 foil., 3. p. 193 = respectively Handbuch der Rom. Alt. vols. 4 and 6. The word is probably derived from pag-, to fix. Compare 'pages' compactio Nonius p. 64. It meant originally an enclosui-e or marking out of boundaries, pagus finium ; so propagare fines is a common expression in classical Latin. N.B. In Varro L. L. 6. 26 Spengel reads pagHs as ace. pi.) Falla, -ae, subst. f. 1. A large four-cornered piece of cloth used as a dress by women, and called also tunicopallium, because it could be so folded as to form at once a long tunic reaching to the feet and a double covering for the chest and shoulders. It corresponded to the Greek Tren^os. Nonius p. 537 ^ palla ' est honestae mulieris vestimentum ; Isid. Or. 19. 25. 2 palla est quadrum pallium ; muliebris "uestis, deducta usque ad vestigia ; comp. Serv. A. i. 648, n. 576; Ps. Acr. Hor. i. S. 2. gg pallam pro peripodio posuit, quod dicunt tunicopallium. Naev. Trag. 48 ; Plant. Men. 469 "S^ pallam ad phrygionemfert, and often in Plant.; Afran. 413 ; Lucil. 15. ap. Non. 1. c. pallas, redimicula promit. And often in Latin, both in prose and poetry. The palla was also worn over a stola, in the fashion of a toga; thus it is described by Apul. M. 11. 3 palla nigerrima splendescens atro nitore, quae circumcirca remeans et sub dextrum latus ad umerum laevum recurrens umbonis vicem deiecta parte laciniae, multiplici contabulatione dependula, ad ultimas eras nodulis fimbriarum decoriter confluctuabat. 2. Another kind oi palla is mentioned as the ceremonial costume of musicians : e. g. Corn. Her. 4. 60 ut citharoedus cum prodierit optime vestitus, palla inaurata indutus cum chlamyde purpurea. In this case it was simply a long robe with a train, also called syrma, stola, tunica talaris. This palla with the chlamys above it was the conventional costume assigned Falma — Participialis. 545 to gods and heroes ; e. g. luno, in Tibull. 4. 5. 13 ; Discordia, in Verg. A. 8. 702 ; Circe, in Ov. M. 14. 262 ; and so often in the poets. 3. Of a linen garment: Itala Marc. 14. 51 circumamictus pallam ; 15. 46 empia palla deposuit eum et involvit inpalla (Vulg. in both places has sindon). Ronsch S. B. p. 53. 4. Of a curtain : Sen. De Ira 3. 22. 2 cum inter dicentem et audientem palla inter - esset. (See Marquardt, Rom. Alterthiimer 7. p. 559 foil.) Falma =: alapa, a slap or blow : Itala loh. 18. 22 dedit palmam lesu, Ronsch S. B. p. 53, who quotes a number of other instances from Cyprian, Irenaeus, and the Itala. Fauarlns, a seller of bread : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168. Fancra, -ae, subst. f. : glossed as = rapina Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6, 7 ; Gloss. Hild., and others quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 365. Fandeetes, as 1. 1. of Grammar, the Stoical term for the ad- verb: Charis. p. 194 K. FantDiTis, nom. m. : Hor. i. S. 10. 78; C. I. L. 10. 5925 (Anagnia). Faracentia Minerva, = Berecyntia, C. I. L. 9. 1539, 1540, al. inscr. F&rens = a relation in general: Rufin. Int. los, Antiqq. 17. 9 haec igiiur illo suis parentihus (jrpos roiis avyyevets) demandante ; Glossae Nominum p. 7 Lowe ' adfints' parens vel prope manens (Ronsch S. B. p. 54). Farentactds (TrapivraKTOi) = a youth : this word Mr. Onions restores from the MSS. to Nonius p. 67 ^ parentadoe' hi qui de pueritia veniunt ad pubertatem, a Graeco vocabulo sumptum ; Lucilius lib. ix. ' inde parentactoe, chlamydes et barbula prima ' ; Idem xx. ' ephebum quendam, quem vacant parentacton ' ; Varro De Composi- tione Saturarum, ^parentactoe adsunt, mulierque.' Farentarium, a religious service in honour of deceased parents : Charis. p. 34 K. Farentieida : Gloss. Amplon. p. 366 ' parricida' dicebatur qui omnes occidebat pares natura : ' parenticida ' qui parentes occidebat. Fartioipialis, adj., 1. 1. of Grammar, participial : the itrra. partici- pialis modus is apphed 1. To the supines: Quint, i. 4. 29 ' diciu /actuque,' sunt enim haec quoque verba participialia quaedam, N n 54^ Partio — Pellicio. non tamen qualia ' dido ' 'fadoque'. 2. To the gerunds : Diom. PP- 342, 352- Partio, -onis, (from pario,} genus or kind?): Charis. p. 114 K partiones orationis, quae appellantur qualitates, hoc nodo observan- dae, na?n qualitas est et spedei, ut ' niger,' ' taeter^ et quantitatis, ut ' magnus,' 'ingens! Hae partiones trifariam dedinantur. Passio, in Grammar, passive force: Consentius pp. 366, 368 K; %Q> patientia ib. p. 366, PassivSneutra, neuter-passives: Phocas p. 431 K (F. Haver- field). Pastiiosus, abounding in pasture : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 'pastuosus locus,' ahundans. Paumentuin, pro pavimento : lul. Exc. p. 324 K (F. Haverfield). Pee6ratus, -a, -um, rich in cattle : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168 '■ pecoratus' ahundans pecoribus. Peetenarlus {sic\ C. I. L. 9. 1 7 11 (Beneventum) refector pedenarius ; C. I. L. 5. 7569 {^2&i7i) pedinarius. Pecudarius = pastor : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168. Peeiiosus, rich in cattle : Gloss. VH'iio^^pecuosus i^oifiip/, dpxaias. Pedatiis, -us, a prison : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 and 7 ' pedatum ' carcerem. Pedo, -onis. This cognomen is explained as follows : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 168 as qui pedestri ordine vadit; and by Gloss. Philox. as plancus, irKanjirovs. Pellect6r, one who tempts or entices : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 'pelledor' persuasor, incitator. Pellicio, -is, -ere and also pelliceo, -es. The form pelliciot -ere is the usual one, but Charis. p. 244 K attests the other, pelliceo pellices; Placidus too p. 76 D has 'pellicens' persuadens. Perfect usually pellexi, but also pellicui: Prise. 1. p. 496 K ' pellicui' quoque pro 'pellexi' veteres protulerunt. 1. Properly, to draw away from one place to another : Paul. p. 207 ' pellexit' in fraudem, induxit. Of drawing away crops from one field to another by enchantment: XII Tabb. ap. Serv. E. 8. 99 mve alienam segetem pellexeris ; Plin. 18. 41 tells the story of a man who was suspected ceu fruges alienas perliceret veneficiis (the fact Percipio. 547 being that his own crop was more abundant than his neighbour's, though his estate was much smaller). 2. In general, to draw away : Plaut. Men. 343 R (of meretricei) si pellexerunt, perditum amittunt domum ; Ter. Ph. 68 is senem per epistulas Pellexit (made him come to him); Lucr. 6. looi quae ferri pelliciat vim (attract); 5. 1005 pellicere in fraudem rideniibus undis; Cic. De Or. i. 243 multo maiorem partem sententiarum . . . pellexisti (have brought over to your side) : Laevius ap. Prise. 1. c. alia te . . . pellicuit; Varro Ata- cinus Bell. Sequan. 2. ap. eund. ubi pellicuit dulcis levis unda saporis ; Cic. Flacc. 72 mulierem . . .pellexit Decianus ad sese ; Liv. 4. 15. 6 victorem finitimorum omnium, populum in servitutem pellici posse. 3. Of the mind and feelings, to entice, win over : Placidus p. 76 D ' pellexeris', persuaseris. Cic. Cluent. i ■^pellicere animum adulescentis ; Tac. A. I. 2 cunctos dulcedine otii pellexit; 3. 42 pellicere alam equitum . . . ut . . . bellum inciperet ; 11. 19 Chaucos ad deditionem pellicerent ; and so in later Latin. {Per, lacio ; per probably mean- ing away, beyond, as in per-do, per-imo, etc.) Percipio, -oepi, -ceptum. The form percepset ■= percepisset, given by add. for percepisset of the MSS. in the lines from an unknown tragedian quoted by Cic. Off. 3. 98, is disputed by Madvig. 1. To tal^e to oneself, take thoroughly or com- pletely, get hold of. (a) Literally, of fruit, harvest, etc., to get in: Cic. De Sen. 29 non serendis non percipiendis non condendis Jrugibus; Off. i. 59 in fructibus percipiendis ; %o fructus percipere, and the like, is common in legal Latin. (b) To catch, get hold of: Trag. ap. Cic. Off. 3. 98 (Inc. Inc. Fab. 59 Rib.) quodni Palamedi perspicax prudentia Istius (eius ?) percepisset malitiosam audaciam {=. KoraKafi^ava, had caught). (c) To receive, get hold of, catch, take in: Ov. M. 11. 144 veteris percepto semine venae; 8. 228 remigioque carens non ullas percipit auras (catch) ; Vitruv. 8. 2. 4 cum ab sole (aer) percipit color em; 7. i. 2 perceperunt umorem; 2. 6. 4 soliditatis percipere virtutem; Col. 11, 3. 40 quae (aqua) cum sucum eius perceperit; Plin. 21. 26 ut colorem percipiat (take the colour). (d) In other contexts, to receive, get: Pacuv. 22 ut percipiat praemium; so Caes. C. 2. 32 cum vestri officii praemia percipere debeatis ; Cic. N. D. 2 . 91 (verbum) Graecum illud quidem, sed perceptum iam tamen usu a noslris; lustin. 43. 5. 11 civitatem se percepisse; Petron. 141 hac condicione percipient quae dedi; and so constantly in legal Latin of receiving a legacy ; comp. Suet. Tib. 15 ne herediiatem quidem aut legata per cepit. 2. (a) Of the senses, feelings, to take in, feel, have the sensation of, perceive : Cic. Fin. N n 2 548 Percipio. 2. 98 corpore percepiarwm voluptatum; Orat. 8 neque auribus neque ullo sensu per dpi potest; Fin. i. 37 voluptas quae percipitur sensibus; Fam. 14. I. I dolor es miseriasque percepit ; Verg. A. 7. 356 necdum animus loto percepit pedore flammam; Ov. M. 4. ']^6 percepiique novum ramis et fronde rigorem; 14. 700 ossibus aestum; 7. 455 gaudia; Vitruv. r. 4. 7, 8 sensu perdpere (aliquid). (lb) Con- versely, the feeling, or state is said to seize upon the person or thing: Plant. Amph. 11 18 '^ perdpit horror membra; True. 467 R eampse nimis dto odium perdpit; Stichus 341 R medullam ventris percepit fames ; Men. 921 'R prtusquam percipiai insania ; Ter. Eun. 972 neque agri neque urbis odium me umquam perdpit; Pacuv. 224 horror perdpit; Lucr. 3. 80 vitae Perdpit humanos odium; g. 6og aera percipiat calidis fervoribus ardor. (e) When used alone, of a person, percipio often means to hear, sometimes with ace. and inf., sometimes with indirect question : Plant. Most. 712 L vix tandem percepi super his rebus nostris te loqui; Cure. 159 R «« quod hie agimus erus percipiat fieri, mea Phronesium; Cic. Cat. i. 27 percipite diligenter quae dicam ; Caes. G. g. j percepta oratione eorum; Verg. A. 9. 1^0 percipe porro Quid dubitem; Liv. 2. 35. 7 crebraeque nunc querellae, nunc minae perdpiebantur (were heard), (d) To hear of, learn: Caes. G. 6. 8 perdpere fugam (hear, learn of it). (e) Of the mind, to learn a thing, grasp, master it : Ace. 663 perdisci ac percipi; Cic. De Sen. 21 Themistocles omnium civium perceperat nomina; N. D. i. ir si disciplinas singulas perdpere magnum est; De Or. i. 127 in ceteris ariificiis percipiendis; Oflf. i. 60 quamvis artis praecepta perciperent ; Fin. i. 64 poterit aliquid cognosci ac percipi ; Ac. Pr. 2. 22 nisi is . . . multa perceperit ; Caes. C. 3. 84 usum eius generis proeliorum perciperent; Cic. N. D. 3. 83 id cum bene planeque percepisset ; Vitruv. i. i. 13 rationes cognoscere ac perdpere; 5. 4. i uti qui diligentius attender it facilius perdpere posset; Gell. 14. i. 11 mirabatur id cuiquam pro percepto liquere (z=.pro cognito). So very common in Quint., who uses it of learning, apprehending, in the most general sense. (f) As 1. 1. of Philosophy, to know certainly, grasp reality with the mind, as opposed to merely receiving impressions on the senses : constantly in the Academica of Cic, e.g. Ac. Pr. 2. 28 ut id ipsum saltern perceptum a japiente diceretis, nihil posse percipi . . . Qui enim negaret quicquam esse quod perciperetur, etc. ; ib. 34 perspicua a perceptis volunt distinguere. (g) The n. pi. of pass, part., percepta, is the equivalent of the Greek 6ecopTiiJiaTa, or fundamental principles of a science : Cic. Fat. 1 1 qualibusnam a perceptis artis proficiscitur ? Percontativus — Pervasor. 549 Perceptd appello quae dicuntur a Graecis Beap^iiara . . . Si'ni igitur astrologorum percepta huimmodi: ' Si quis verbi causa oriente Cani- cula natus est, in mari non morietur.' Percontativus modus, 1. 1. of Grammar applied to an interro- gation: Diom. p. 338 K; Mart. Cap. 3. 310. Perfectus, t. t. of Grammar, applied 1. To the perfect tense, often in the grammarians. 2. To the positive degree of comparison : Consent, p. 343 K. 3. To the superlative degree: Charis. p. 189 K freqtienier per/ectis utitur Plautus, ut ' penissime.' 4. To the simple form of a verb as opposed to the inceptive ; Caper p. 93 K ' sordei,' ' are/,' etc. . . . haec perfecia sunt ; at inceptiva ' sordescit ' etc. Pergenuo, -as, to go along on one's knees : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' pergenuat ' genibus pergit. Pergiila, in the sense of 1. An upper chamber : Itala 3. Reg. 17. 19 et sustulit eum in pergulam^ \!o. 23; the Vulgate in both places having cenaculum; Ronsch S. B. p. 54, who quotes also Tert. Valent. 7 and Suet. Aug. 94 in secessu Apolloniae Theo- genis mathematici pergulam . . . adscenderat ; Gloss. Fhilox. pergula {mepaov, opocjjrj, crTeviv oikthm. 2. Tribute, =: 6pos : Itala 2. Reg. 20. 24 et lezadras super pergula (Ronsch 1. c). VQirisXraayaxQ. =■ peristroma •. Script, de Dub. Nom. p. 586 in Gramm. Lat. vol. 5 Keil (F. Haverfield). Permdror, -aris, to tarry: Serv. A. 6. 127 in his permorari corporibus. Perpennlus, glossed as = av6(VTrjs in Gloss. Philox. Perpernius and Perpennius are found as nomina in inscr. Perpetttus modus, 1. 1. of Grammar, the infinitive ; Mart. Cap. 3. 310 ; Diom. p. 340 K; Consentius p. 375 K; Cledonius p. 18 K. Persecutrix = chasing: Serv. A. 5. 193 ' sequacibus undis,' i.e. persecutricibus. Perslpleus = naw ^povipns. Gloss. Philox, Personativum pronomen, in Grammar = 1. A personal pronoun: Charis. p. 181 K. 2. A personal possessive pro- noun, as noster, meus, vaster, tuus: Cledon. p. 15 K. TeTsras&v ■= insidiafor {im^ovXos); Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 14. 20 malevolum et nimis patriae pervasor em eum esse criminabantur. (Ronsch S. B. p. 55.) 550 PMlosophus — Pinna. Phil6s6plius, in the sense of a master, artist (in sculpture) : Passio Sanctorum Quattuor Coron. i and 2. (Ronsch S. B. p. 55.) Pigmentum, of taste, a dash, ioup(on: Non. p. 77 ' assum' aufem aestimandum, ul in obsoniis sine pigmento saporis alieni, quern ad modum ' merum ' dicitur ' solum! Pile, -as, verb den. from pila, a pillar ; to fix or base like a column, to support: Enn. Sat. ■^ pilatas aetheris or as {i.e.firmas el stabiles Serv. A. 12. 121); Hostius Bell. Hist. ap. Serv. I.e. haslam pilans (i. e. figens) ; Id. (met.) sententia praesto pectore pilata (i. e. fixd). As applied to agmen, pilatum was variously explained by the ancients. Varro (Rerum Humanarum) ap. Serv. A. 12. 121 distinguished between ' quadraium ' and 'pilatum ' agmen : quad- ratum, quod inmixtis etiam iumentis incedit, ui uhivis possit con- sidere: pilatum alterum, quod sine iumentis incedit, sed inter se densum est, quo facilius per iniquiora loca tramittatur. In this sense, namely, in column and ready for battle, it is apparently used Verg. A. 12. 121, and Veget. i. zo''pilatae legiones. In this connexion it was, however, also explained as = quod in longitudine derectum est, quale solet esse cum portis procedit (straight like a pillar?). The sense oi densus, however, seems to be confirmed by the meaning oi pilaiim, which was opposed to passim. In Mart. 10. 48. 2 {pilata cohors) pilattcs may perhaps mean armed with the pilum, and so some ancient commentators took it in Verg. 1. c. Pindere, /?& tundere : Gloss. Epin. p. 18. C. 16. P'rom this form is derived pinsor, q. v. Pinguis, of pronunciation, full, coarse, broad, opp. to tenuis : Lucilius ap. Vel. Long. p. 55 K of ei as compared with i, adde e (to i) ut pinguius fiat ; so of ot Quint, i. 7. 27 ; of a as opposed to y, which was tenue, Vel. Longus p. 76. Consentius p. 394 K uses pinguis and exilis of the sounds of i and /; on p. 395 he says ecce in litter a t aliqui ita pingue nescio quid sonant, ut cum dicunt ' etiam^ nihil de media syllaba infringant. Graeci contra, ubi non debent in/ringere, de sono eius litterae infringunt, ut cum dicunt ' Optimus^ mediam syllabam ita sonent quasi post t z graecum admisceant. Item litteram c quidam in quibusdam dictionibus non Latine ec/erunt, sed ita crasse, ut non discernas quid dicant (e. g. saying si cludit for sic ludit). . . . Item s litteram Graeci exiliter ec/erunt adeo, ut cum dicunt ' iussit,' per unum s dicer e existimes. V quoque litteram aliqui pin- guius ecferunt, ut cum dicunt ' veni^ putes trisyllabum incipere. Pinna, -ae, = the lobe of the liver : Itala Lev. 7. 20 adipetn Pinnare — Plaga. 55 1 quae super peciusculum. et pinnam. So pinnula in Vulg. Lev. 3. i6, according to the MSS. F. and V. (Ronsch S. B. p. 56). Pinnare, -Is, subst. n., the thin part of a rudder : Havet (Archiv i. p. 34) rightly proposes that this word should be read in Nonius p. 79, from the Harleian MS., partes tenuiores ad hanc similUudinem pinnaria vacant eleganter. Pinsltdr, -oris {pinso), one who stamps with a pestle : Mar. Vict. p. 18 K. Pinsfir {pindo), =pmsitor: Serv. A. i. 179 (wrongly quoted from Varro ap. Non. p. 152). Plaga, -ae. 1. Properly speaking, according to Serv. A. 4. 131, Isid. Or. 19. 5. I, Ps. Acron. Hor. 3. C. 5. 32, the rope stretched along the top and bottom of a hunting net : Serv. says sciendum . . . proprie plagas did funes illos quibus retia tenduntur circa imam et summam partem ; so it seems certainly to be used either for a rope or a mesh of a net by Hor. i. C. i. 28 teretes plagas, and very probably Verg. A. 4. 131 retia rara, plagae, lata venahula ferro ; Placidus p. 78 D quotes pinnatae plagae, which he explains as = vincula retium extensique funes quibus capiuntur agrestes ferae, in quibus funibus avium eriguntur pinnae. 2. Elsewhere in Latin it is used very commonly in the general sense of a hunting-net or snare; e.g. Plant. Poen. 648 R com- pellunt lupum in plagas ; Mil. 607 Rib. venator adsit cum auritis plagis ; ib. 1384 ipstis sese illic iam impedivit in plagas; Trin. 237 conicere in plagas ; Cic. Off. 3. 68 tendere plagas : tabulam tamquam plagam ponas; elsewhere Cic. has (metaphorically) conicere aliquem in plagas, incidere in plagas ; Hor. 3. C. 5. 32 extricata densis Cerva plagis; Ov. M. 2. 499 nexilibusque plagis silvas Erymanthidos ambit; 7. 768 summaque transibat positarum Una plagarum; F. 6. no nodosasque cava tendere valle plagas; Plin. n. 83 lineae in plagis. 3. The border of a coverlet (= clavus) : Pacuv. 46, Varro Prometh. ap. Non. p. 378 eburneis lectis et plagis sigillatis (so plagula Varro L. L. 9. 79 of one side or part of a tunic; Afran. ap. Non. p. 378 plagulam de lecto). 4. Met., a line: Curt. 6. 2 (6.) 13 ad Tanaim recta plaga attinet. 5. Met., a belt or tract of land, sky, or sea; not in classical prose: Enn. Trag. 201 caeli scrutantur plagas ; Varro Lex Maenia i caeli rimari plagas; Lucr. 5. 1375 atque olearum Caerula distinguens inter plaga cur r ere possit; 5. 481 maxima qua nunc se ponti plaga caerula tendit; Verg. A. i. 394 55'i Plagium — Poculentus. aetherea quos lapsa plaga, etc. 6. So of the zones, or belts of temperature: Varro ap. Isid. Or. 13. i. 3; Verg. A. 7. 226 si quern, extenta plagarum Quattuor in medio dirimit plaga solis iniqui; Ov. M. I. 48; and frequently in other poets and later prose. (There seems to be no reason for supposing two words, plaga, a net, and plaga, a tract or region. The latter meaning is easily derived from the meaning of belt or line.) Plagium (jrXaytoj/) = obliquum, transversum, the side : Itala Deut. 31. 26 accipienies hunc librum legis huius ponetis in plagio (Vulg. in latere) arcae tesiamenti; as translation of Septuag. ix. TrXaylav. (Ronsch S. B. p. 56.) Piano, -as (planus), to explain : Scriptor Carm. Da Figuris ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 63 singula versu Et prosa et versu pariter planar e virorum (conj. by Halm ior placare). Plantatio, a plant, : Itala Ezech. 34. 29 suscitabo eis plantationem pacis (Ronsch S. B. p. 56). Planus pes = the level ground : Itala 4. Reg. 9. 33 proiecerunt earn in piano pede (Ronsch S. B. p. 56). Platea in the sense of ayopi, a market-place : Vulg. Eccles. 12. 4, 5 claudent ostia in platea, circuibunt in platea plangentes ; so Marc. 6.56. Plecta, -ae. 1. A basket or basket-work : Rufin. Int. loseph. Antiqq. 2. 10 plectas {TrXeyfiaTa) enim ex papyro fecit in modum arcarum. 2. A rope : Gloss. Cyrill. liKeKTr], sira 1^ sera); Cassian. Collat. patr. 18. 15 codicem . . , inter eius plectas . . . latenter abscondit (Ronsch S. B. p. 57). Plemino, -as [plemina), to fill : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nomi- num p. 169 ' pleminabantur' replebantur. Poeiilentus, -a, -um, and perhaps potulentus (see the end, of the article). Connected with drinking, contrasted with esculenttis. 1. Penus poculentum or poculenta, the permanent store of drinks in a house, the cellar : Scaevola ap. Gell. 4. r. 17 'penus' est quod escu- lentum aut poculentum est; Dig. 33. 9. 3. 4 in penu poculenta. 2. As opposed to esculentus, that can be drunk : Cic. N. D. 2. 141 escu- lenta et potulenia (so edd.); Apul. Dogm. Plat. i. 15 esculentum et poculentum; so Macrob. S. 7. 15. 4 ( = Gell. 17. 11. 2); Dig. i. 18. 1 8 (where Mommsen prints potulentum). 3. In one's cups, intoxicated (in all these passages the edd. print potulentus): Suet. Otho Poeta — Pontifex. 553 2 ; Apul. M. 3. 5 ; Comm. Cruq. Hor. i. Epist. i8. 92. [The form poculentus is supported by good MS. authority in Gell. 4. i. 17; Apul. Dogm. Plat. 1. 15; Dig. 33. 9.3.4; Macrob. S. 7. 15. 4. Edd. print potulentus (drinkable) in Cic. N. D. 2. 141 ; Dig. i. 18. 18 ; Gell. 17. II. 2, and in all the passages where the word means intoxicated. A form poscuhntus is said to be indicated in the MSS. of Gell. 11. cc. On the analogy of es-cu-kntus from the base ed-, po-cu-lentus from po- should be the right form, when the word means drinkable. But it is possible that potulentus itora.pdtus, -tis is the right form for the meaning ' intoxicated.' If so, two words have been confused in the lexicons.] P6eta = artifex (n-oojr^r), Int. Iren. i. 15. 4 mendaciorum malus compositor et poeta (Ronsch S. B. p. 57). Comp. Gloss. Cyrill., rroHjrijr, o lUkTaaKivaaTi]^, factor; irotria-i!,^ KaTa(rKivfj,yactura, instructio. Polibo, a form of the future oi polio given by Pompeius p. 225 K. (F. Haverfield). Pontifex, -Icis, subst. m., a kind of priest. The pontifices are a special class of priests, while sacerdos is a word which includes all classes. Passim in all Latin. The characteristics of the ponti- fices were 1. That the pontifex maximus inherited the pre- rogatives of the rex in respect of the sacra, and thus represented the state-religion, and the rights of the gods to their due honours. 2. The pontifices were a collegium, not an ordo, and had the general superintendence over the public worship. 3. They were in general opinion connected with the Pons Suhlicius : Varro L. L. 5. 83 ^pontifices,' ut Scaevola Quintus pontifex maximus dicebat a 'posse' et 'facere' sicut "■ pontifices'' : ego a 'ponte' arbitror, nam ab his Sublicius factus est primum, et resti tutus saepe, cum in eo sacra et nls et cis Tiberim non mediocri ritu fiunt; Serv. (Dan.) A. 2. 166 quidam pontifices a Ponte Sublicio qui primus Tiberi impositus est appellatos tradunt, sicut Saliorum carmina loquuntur. 4. The insignia of the pontifices are the secespita or knife for sacrificing (Fest. p. 349), the large axe called sacena or dolabra (Fest. p. 318), and the aspergillum, or instrument for sprinkling lustral water. The etymology is not certain, some modern scholars deriving the word from ponte-facio, sacrificers on the bridge : some from a supposed word pons = a road, so that pontifex = road-maker : some from the base pu-, to purify, as the pontifical functions included the duty of expiating prodigia, as well as of conducting certain religious rites on the pons sublicius. The natural derivation 554 Popa — Positor. from pons s-nA/acio, bridge-makers, seems however to be the jnost probable. The pontifices (Varro L. L. 7. 44) used annually to throw into the Tiber twenty-four images of human beings : a fact which probably points to an ancient worship of rivers. The insignia of the pontifices also point in the same direction. Sup- posing that the Italians (as seems on all accounts highly probable) migrated by land into Italy, the function of bridge-maker may have become very important long before they were actually settled in their new country. And this would account for the fact that pontifices existed even in Italian towns where there were no bridges, as Praeneste, Lanuvium, Alba, and a number of places in Southern Italy. The title may have become a fixed one, and have lost its original meaning, before these towns were fully settled. (See further the author's Lectures and Essays, etc. pp. 26, 27.) P6pa, in the sense of a tavern-keeper: Gloss. Epinal. p. 19. C. 8 ''popa ' tabernarius. Pdpularis = a common soldier : Gloss. Philox. populares arpa- narm (Ronsch S. B. p. 58). P6pularitas, in the sense of popular or general opinion : Nonius p. 523 sexagenaries per poniem mittendos male diu popularitas intel- lexit, cum Varro . . . honestam causam . . . patefecerit (Ronsch S. B. p. 58, who understands popularitas as = the common people). Pdpuli = o'xXot, the people : Itala and Vulg. Act. 14. 13 coronas . . . adferens cum populis ; Itala Matth. 8. i secuti sunt eum populi multi (Ronsch S. B. p. 58, who quotes other instances from late Latin). PSsitio, as 1. 1. of Grammar. 1. Of verbs, form : Diom. p. 372 K sunt quaedam verba quae ex una positions diver sos sortiuntur declinationum ordines et sensus, quasi ' mando mandas^ ' mando man- dis' ; ib. p. 382 sunt quaedam quorum positionem diver sam quam vulgo et apud veteres reperimus (e. g. abnuo and abnueo, attingo and attigo); ib. p. 378 nee solum coniugationes verum etiam ipsam posi- tionem verborum compositio mutat, ut ' calco ' ; facit enim ' inculco', ' conculcol 2. Of substantives, prima positio ■= a primary form opp. to a derivative : Quint, i. 6. 10, Consent, pp. 339, 340 K, and in other grammarians. 3. Of adjectives, prima positio = the positive degree: Consent, p. 346 K; comp. Probus p. 56 Kgradus positivus sive absolutus est ipsa positio. P6sit6r legis = vofioderris : Itala lac. 4. 12 unus est legum positor et iudex (Ronsch S. B. p, 58). Possessivus — PraepSs. 555 PossessivTis, see under Principalis. PostSmis, restored from the MSS. by Ronsch (S. B. p. 58) to Nonius p; 22, where edd. read prostomis, an iron bit: "■ postomis' dicitur ferrum quod ad cohihendam equorum tenaciam naribus vel morsui imponitur, Graece am toO trrcJfiaror. (Ronsch thinks it may Stand for diroa-Tonls.) Potiis, -VLS, a banquet : Itala Esth. i. j^ fecit potum his qui er ant inventi in Susis Tebari in aula (Ronsch S. B. p. 58). Praeceratus, waxed at the end: Ti. Donatus on Aen. i. 727 'Junalia ' debemus accipere faces exfunihus praeceratas. Praedatlo = booty: Itala Num. 31. 32 abundantia praedationis (Ronsch S. B. p. 58). Praedleatio, a previous announcement : Gloss. Cyrill. irpoKripv^ct praedicatio, trpopprjcns praedicatio (Ronsch S. B. p. 58). Praedormio, -is, to sleep first : Macrob. Exc. Bob. ap. Gramm. Lat. 5. p. 637 K. De Vit quotes Augustine and the Latin trans- lation of Irenaeus (F. Haverfield). Praefascini. This form is given by Charis. p. 235 K iox prae- fiscini, and has good MS. authority in Apul. Flor. 3. 16. 75. But a curious form praeficiscini is given by the MS. B in Plaut. Rudens 461 R and Asinaria 491, as also in Charisius p. 212 K by the Neapolitan MS. May not this form, which cannot possibly be genuine, represent praefascini ? Praefascino, -as, to charm away: Porph. Hor. Epod. 8. 17. Praeferentia, favour : Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 6 ' praeferentia ' gratia. Praelativus gradus, 1. 1. of Grammar, the comparative degree : Pompeius p. 151 K; Cledon. p. 38 K. Praeparatio in concrete sense = apparatus : Vulg. 4. Reg. 6. 23 apposita est eis ciborum magna praeparatio (Ronsch S. B. p. 58). Praepes, -etis, adj. 1. Originally (in all probability) = flying or going before. The word was technically used in augury, but the ancient scholars were not agreed as to its meaning ; Festus p. 205 M '■praepetes' aves quidam did aiunt, quia secundum awpicium faciant praetervolantes : alii quod aut ea quae praepetamus indicent, aut quod praetervolent ; Paulus p. 244 'praepetes' aves dicuntur quae se. ante auspicantem ferunt. Nam praepetere dicebant pro anteire. 55^ Praes. Nigidius Figulus (ap. Gell. 7. 6. 10) seems to have distinguished a praepes avis from infera, as one that flew high from one that flew low; Hyginus ap. Gell. 7. 6. 3 explained the word as = quae opportune praevolat. All these explanations are given in the note of Serv. on A. 3. 361, where praepetes aves are dis- tinguished from oscines as giving omens by their flight. Prae- petes aves are always of good omen, and thus distinguished from inebrae (Serv. A. 3. 246). Festus p. 205 however remarks that poetae promiscue omnes aves ita appellant; and this dictum is con- firmed by the surviving instances. 2. Of birds or winged creatures : perhaps merely = winged : perhaps = swift : Ennius A. 94 longe pulcherrima praepes Laeva volabat avis ; Mattius ap. Gell. 7. 6. 5 praepes Victoria (which Gellius says = volucris); Verg. A. 5. 2^^ praepes lovis armtger [vfheie Serv. says it = volans); Ov. H. 8. 38 succubuit telis praepetis ipse dei. Met., Enn. A. 437 praepeie ferro (of a javelin). 3. Of things, swift : Cic. Marius ap. eund. Div. i. 106 praepetibus pinnis; Verg. A. 3. 361 praepetis omina pinnae ; 6. 1^ praepetibus pinnis ; Plin. 7. Prooem. i. 4 prae- petes volatus ; Sen. Phaedra 1070 praepeti cursu. 4. Ennius twice uses the word of places, probably meaning happy, of good omen: A. 97 (aves) praepetibus sese pulchrisque locis dant; 478 Brundisium pulchro praecinctum est praepete portu. (It is to be observed that in A. 94, 97, 478 Ennius joins the word with pulcher.) 5. As subst. praepes = a winged creature : Liv. 7. 26. 4 (in connexion with augury) seu deus seu dea esset qui sibi prae- petem misisset; generally, Ov. M. 4. 'ji^ lovis praepes; 5. 257 Me- dusaei praepetis ungula (of Pegasus) ; 13. di^ praepetibus subitis nomen facit auctor ; 14. 576 turn cognita praepes ; so Val. Fl. 8. 33 (in I. 578 the exact sense is doubtful owing to the uncertainty of the reading mottc) ; Lucan 9. 662, 688 (of Perseus). [Prae, and pet- in the sense of going : comp. i7)i-pet- in im-pete, collateral form of impetu^ Praes, -dis, old form praeves, the pi. praevides occurring in the Lex Agr. C. I. L. i. 200.46 manceps praevides praediaque. Origin- ally, in all probability, an adj. meaning ready: Plaut. Pers. 2. 4. 17 obi in malam rem, nam ibi parata praes est (it is ready to your hand) ; but usually as subst., one who comes forward to offer himself as security for the performance of a promise made by another. A manceps (purchaser or contractor) for instance generally had a praes or praedes, whose business it was to give security to the populus that the manceps would pay the money owed, or complete Praes. 557 the work contracted for, by him. If however the manceps pledged property of his own, he might himself be called //-aw : Paul. p. 151 M {manceps) . . . qui idem praes dicitur, quia tarn debet praestare populo quod promisit quam is qui pro eo praes f actus est; Varro L. L. 5. 40 praedia dicta, item etpraedes, a praestando, quod ea pignori data mancipis fidem praestant. The difference between praes and vas is this, that praes is the security for a payment or performance of a contract, while vas is the security for a person's appearance in court : Varro L. L. 6. 74 ' sponsor' et 'praes ' et ' vas ' neque idem, neque res a quibus hi, sed e re simile. Itaque '■praes ' qui a magistratu inier- r(^atus in publicum ut praestet {MuWer after Palmier reads praes siet) . . . dicit 'praes.' ' Vas ' appellatur qui pro altera vadimonium pro- mittit. 1. Praes in the case of a purchase : Plaut. Men. 593 R praedem dedit; Lex Agr. C. I. L. i. 200. 46 manceps praevides praediaque; Cic. Att. 12. 52. i Montanum Planco debere, quod praes pro Flaminio sit, HSxxv ; Att. 13. 3. i praes aliquando f actus esses, et in his quidem tabulis ; 9. 9. 4 egi per praedem, ilk daret, Antii cum hdberet venale : noluit; Fam. 5. 20. ^ praedes Valerianos teneri . . . erat enim curata nobis pecunia Valerii mancipis nomine; Phil. 2. 78 ne L. Plancus praedes tuos venderet. 2. Praes in the case of a contract undertaken by another person ; the person who gives security that the undertaking shall be performed : Lex Par. Fac. C. I. L. I. 577 (104 B.C.) qui {parietem faciunduni) redemerit . . . praedes dato praediaque subsignato; Cic. Verr. i. 142 locatur opus id quod ex mea pecunia reficiatur : probaiio futura est tua, qui locas : praedibus et praediis populo cautum est; ib. 150 opere addicto, prae- dibus acceptis; Fam. 2. 17. 4 Laodiceae me praedes accepturum arbitror omnis pecuniae publicae, ut et mihi et populo cautum sit sine vecturae periculo (securities for its delivery). 3. In a lis vindi- ciarum, or a suit about a property the ownership of which is disputed, the praes was a person who undertook that while the suit was pending, the occupier of the property should not damage it: Ps. Ascon. Verr. i. 115 praedes dicuntur satisdatores locupletes pro re de qua apud iudicem lis est, ne interea qui tenet, diffidens causae, possessionem deterior em facial, tecta dissipet, excidat ar bores, et culta deserat; Gaius 4. 16 pes tea praetor secundum alter um eorum vindicias dicebat, id est interim aliquem possessorem constituebat, eumque iubebat praedes adversaria dare litis et vindiciarum, id est rei etfructuuni; ib. 94 idea autem appellata est 'pro praede litis vindi- ciarum ' stipulatio, quia in locum praedium successit, qui olim, cum lege agebatur, pro lite et vindiciis, id est pro re et fructibus, a posses- 55 ^ Praescius — Primitivus . sore petitori dabantur. So Cic. Verr. i. 115 pro praede litis vindi- ciarum cum satis accepisset. 4. In a litis aestimatio, or judicial assessment of damages, praes was a person who gave security that the damages should be paid by the condemned person : Cic. Rab, Post. 8 sunt lites aestimatae A. Gabinio, nee praedes dati, nee ex eius bonis quanta summa litium fuisset a populo recepta est; so ib. 37. (It is uncertain whether the word comes from the base vad-, to go, or vid-, to see.) Praescius as subst. = a wizard : Rufin. homil. Origen. in Num. 16. § 7 praeseios abundare fecit (Ronsch S. B. p. 58). Praesento, -as, in Grammar, to represent, stand for : Cledon. p. 49 K idea pronomen vocativum casum nan habet, res quae nomen praesentat. Praesilium. The existence of this word (standing to praesul as consilium to consul) may be inferred from Mar. Vict. p. 9 K ' linguam ' per I potius quam per d, et ' praesidium ' per d potius quam per I. Praestabilis, epithet of Jupiter: C. I. L. 9. 1498 [pagus Veianus). Praeverbium, as t. t. of Grammar, = an adverb : Suetonius quoted by lul. Rom. ap. Charis. p. 194 K Suetonius Tranquillus praeverbium puiat did debere, quod ante, vel adverbium, quod post ver- bum, appellationem etiam nomenque ponatur ; Gloss. Philox. pro- verbium (i. e. praeverbium) impprj}ia. Prandicularius (i. e. dies), explained in Gloss. Philox. as = ^ jxera fivrjaTecnv rjfiepa. Prella, -ae, ■= prelum, a press: Script, de Idiom. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. ^^^ prella maa-Tfip. Pressa vox, of the voice in pronouncing a syllable with the grave accent, lowered : Cledon. p. 3 2 K gravis, qui pressa voce habet accentum. Pressus accentus, the grave accent, Probus Inst, p. 56 K. Primigenius, t. t. of Grammar. 1. Of primitive words, quae suas habent radices, as lego, scribo : Varro L. L. 6. 36. 2. Of pronouns in the simple form as opp. to the compound: Cledon. p. 52 "K primigenia viginti et unum sutitita: {finita) 'ego,' ' tu', 'ilk:' (infinita) ' quis' ' qualis,' 'talis,' ^ quantus,' ' tantus,' ' quotus', ' totus:' (minus quam finita) ' meus,' ' tuusi 'sum', '■noster', ' vesterl Primitivus. 1. As t. t. of Grammar. (a) Of verbs. Principalis — Pristis. 559 opp. to incohatiiM : Diom. p. 344 K. (b) Of adjectives, in the positive degree : Charis. p. 112 K. 2. As subst., a he-goat, XiVapos, as born early or in the winter: Itala Lev. 4. 23, 24, 28, 29 ; 9. 3, 15 ; 10. 16 (Ronsch S. B. p. 59). Principalis, as 1. 1. of Grammar. 1. Of verbs, (a) Simple as opp. to inceptive or iterative : Diom. p. 344 K. (b) Verbs in their original form as opp. to their derivatives, as ludo, ludens to ludibundus: Gell. n. 15. 5. (c) Simple as opp. to compound: Diom. p. 385 {sum e. g. is principale to possum). 2. Of sub- stantives, (a) The original as opp. to the diminutive form ; Consent, p. 340 K. (b) Simple as opp. to derivative : Varro ap. Cledon. p. 50 K ; Pliny ap. Charis. p. 118 calls (e. g.) aqua a verbum faciens or principale, while aqualis is verbum patiendi or possessivum, Prineipalitas = the simple form of a word, opp. to frequentati- vum, Serv. E. 2. 28; to derivatio ib. A. ir. 11; to deminutio Pompeius p. 164 K. Pristis, -is, ace. -im, subst. f 1. A whale. The form pisiris is found in Val. Fl. 2. 531 (where recent edd. retain it), in Serv. A. 3. 427, and according to Med. a m. p. in Verg. A. 5. 156 : Verg. A. 10. 211 in pristim desinit alvus; Plin. 9. 4, 8 ; Nonius p. ft'iipristium marinarum; Pedo Albinovanus ap. Sen. Suas. i. 15 (p. 8 Bursian) saevas undique pristes. 2. A kind of ship de- scribed by Nonius p. 535 'pristis' navigii genus, a forma pristium marinarum, quae longi corporis sunt sed angusti. Claudius {Quadri- garius) Rerum Romanarum XII, quinque pristes: navigium ea forma a marina belua dictum est. Liv. 35. 26. i, 44. 28. r. (Nonius p. 411 c^aoies pistrix in Verg. A. 5. 154: should this be pistrisl) In Verg. A. 5. 116, 156 Pristis is the name of a ship. 3. Form pistrix, -wis, fern., a whale : Serv. A. 3. 427 si navem intellegas, '■ haec pistris huius pistris' facit; si de belua, ' haec pistrix huius pistricis' facit. The distinction is fairly sup- ported by usage. The glossaries (Philox., Hild., Amplon., Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 445) all give pistrix, which is also found in the sense of whale in Ace. fragm. Inc. 40, Cic. Arat. 152, Paulus p. 30 M. s.v. ballena; Verg. A. 3. 427 ; Flor. i. 40 (3. 5). 16; Ar- nobius 3. 31. (The Greek word pristis was, it would seem, first mispronounced />z!f/w, and then Latinized pistrix, -ids. The form pistris, then, where it can be shown to occur, is probably genuine. Pristris is sometimes found, e. g. in Sen. 1. c, where the MSS. give dristinis z= pristris). 56o Pr6auct6r — Pulvis. Pr6auct6r, one who represents the auctor or vendor of an estate: C. I. L. 9. 2827 (a.d. 19), used of a woman. PrScax = exacting: Ter. Hec. i. 2. 84 where Donatus explains it as = despoliatrix ac petax, ^procure' enim est peter e. Progenies = ancestry : Vulg. Sirac. 8. 5 (Ronsch S. B. p. 59). Progressio = avaha^is, showing: Ital. Luc. i. 80 usque in diem progressionis suae ad Isdrahel (Vulg. ostensioms). (Ronsch S. B. P- 59-) Prolcio, in the sense of deicio, to throw down : perhaps in Hor. I. S. 3. 91 calicem . . . Evandri manibus tritum proiecit (so the oldest Bernese MS.); Sen. Contr. i. 3. 2 (78 Bursian) quod ducta est ad saxum, quod inde proiecta; Petron. 52 puer calicem proiecit; id. fragm. ap. Serv. A. 3. 57 et sic proiciebatur (needlessly altered to praecipitabatur) ; Ti. Donatus on A. 6. 862 'fronte' tamen 'parum laeta! hoc est tristi et proiecto vultu. Promissivus m6dus, in Grammar = 1. The optative mood: Cledon. p. 54 K. 2. The future tense : Charis. p. 176 K; Prob. Inst. p. 160 K; Cledonius p. i6 and Consent, p. 374 object to this use. Promptuarium = an inner chamber: Itala Deut. 32. 25; Ambros. de loseph. c. 10 (Ronsch S. B. p. 59 ; I. u. V. p. 32). Pronuntlo = to use, of a grammatical form : Prob. Inst. p. 82 K Vergilius ' leaenam' pronuntiavit; ib. al. saep. So ib. p. 85 Sallustri pronuntiatio = usage. Protelatio, the sending of missiles from a distance = qk/jo- ^oKirr\i.6i: Rufin. Int. loseph. Antiqq. 15. 6 et primum quidem prote- latio (Ronsch S. B. p. 60). Proultimus = penultimate ; Prob. Inst. p. 106 K. Publiea Spinio, the general opinion: Serv. A. 5. 527, 6. 136. Piierarius = n-atSepao-Tijs, Gloss. Philox. PuUarius = n-atSejsao-T^f : Gloss. Cyrill. (Ronsch S. B. p. 60). Pulvis, in the sense, perhaps, of aKavot, a thistle : Rufin. Int. loseph. Antiqq. 9. 10 pulvis exinde misit ad cupressum, petens filiam eius ut filio suo daret uxor em. Et dum haec ageret, bestia quaedam transiens pulverem conculcavit (Vulg. 4. Reg. 14. 9 has carduus). (Ronsch S. B. p. 60.) Q — QualitativTis. 561 Q. This letter is said by Mart. Capella 3. 261 to be pronounced appulsu palati, ore restrido ; see further under K. Q followed by u is the velar guttural; see e.g. Schweizer-Sidler and Surber, Gram- matik der Lateinischen Sprache p. 43. As an abbreviation Q may stand for Quirites, Quirina, Quintus, quaestor, quaestorius, quin- quennalis, quinquennalitas, qui and its cases, quid, quando, que, quoquoversus. Quaestiiaritis = mercennarius ; restored to Gloss, Cassin. by Lowe G. N. p. 150. Qualltas, -atis, subst. f {qualis). 1. Quality, a quality: the word was invented by Cicero. Cic. Acad. Post. i. 24 quod ex utroque {vi ac materia), id iam corpus et quasi qualitatem quandam no- minabant : dabitis enim profecio ut in rebus inusitatis . . . utamur verbis inter dum inauditis; ib. 24 'qualitates' igitur appellavi quas Graeci TToioTTjTas vocant; N. D. 2. 94 corpusculis non colore, nan qualitate aliqua, quam Troionjra Graeci vocant, non sensu praeditis. Quint. 3. 6. 23 names it as one of the categories. 2. = Character, characteristic : Vitruv. often, both in sing, and pi., e.g. i. 2. 2 qualitas operis; i. 2. 4 eurythmiae; 2. 6. 2 generis; 2. 9. 3 materiae; 5. 5. 5 sonituum; Col. 2. 2. I'j /rumentarius ager . . . magis aliis quali- tatibus aestimandus est; 8. 17. 8 qualitatem Uteris nostri; Quint. 5. 9. 15 ex qualitate caeli (meaning the colour); Plin. 36. 159 tania qualitatium differentia est; Serv. A. 2. 263 of hair (meaning the colour) ; and in later Latin. 3. As 1. 1. of Rhetoric. (a) The quality, character, of an act or a thing: Quint. 3. 5. 10; 5. 10. 40, 89; 7. 2. 6; 7. 3. 36; 7. 4. I, 44, and often. (b) The character or description of a status or inquiry, e.g. qualitas iuri- dicialis, pegotialis : absoluta, adsumptiva, etc. : often in the later rhett, 4. In Grammar, sometimes specially of mood: Quint, i. 4. 27; i, 5. 21 ; Charis. pp. 164 K, 169, 226, 262 ; Diom. p. 392 ; Plot. Sac^ p. 450. Of a verb, or participle, its character as active, passive, deponent, or common; Prob. Inst. p. 139 K. Qualitativus, adj. (^qualitas). 1. Qualitative, appertaining to quality : in this sense it is quoted by Georges from Cassiodorius and Isidore {qualitativa species). 2. In Rhet., locus qualita- tivus as opp. to naturalis means a place which of itself afforded facilities for the performance of an act ; Inc. De Attributis Negotio o o 56a Quattiiorvir — Ratio. ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 308 qualitaiivus locics praestat argumentum ex opportunitate. Quatttiorvir = tetrarcha: Itala Luc. 9. 7 (Ronsch S. B. p. 61). R. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing r is thus de- scribed : Mart. Capella 3. 261 r spiritum lingua crispante conraditur {i conradti) ; Ter. Maur. p. 332 K vibrat tremulis ictihis aridum sonorem Has quae sequitur litter a; Mar. Vict. p. 34 K (the text is partly corrupt) sequitur r, quae vibrato vocis palatum linguae fastigio fragorem tremulis ictibus reddit (? vibrato velociter ad palatum linguae fastigioT). Pompeius p. 283 K notices it as barbarismus to say mamor for marmor. Lucil. 9. 29 describes ar me as sound- ing ut canina lingua; so Pers. i. 109 sonat hie de nare canina Littera, where the scholia say canes lacessiti ita hirriunt ut vide- antur r litter am minitabundi exprimere. R in genuine Latin words was not aspirated: Mar. Vict. p. 7 K; Prise, i. p. 31 K. R as an abbreviation may stand for Romanus, ratio, retiarius, res (especially R. P. = res publica, and its cases), ripa, rubrum, rttfus, recta, revocatus, restituit. Eamen {rado) = ramentum, a chip or shaving : Gloss, ap. LQwe Glossae Nominum p. 169 ' ramen' pulvis quiraditur de aliqua specie. Bapter, SUbst. m., glossed as = a-ipvpa iteyaKrj Tov ;(a\Kf(0f, a smith's large hammer: Script, de Idiom. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 595. Ratio, -onis {rear in the sense of to calculate, count). ,- 1. A calculation, reckoning, account ; so common in all Latin : Plaut. Trin. 413 istaec ratio maxumast ;a.nd just below, fationem putat, ratio comparet, de ratione; 51^ tibi egon rationem reddaml Amph. 670 R ut rationem te ductare intellego (dictare MSS., ductare Lambinus, putare Ussing) ; Most. 287 L rationem puta; Mil. 47 Rib. rationem tenes; True. 24 R neqtie eam rationem eapse unquam educet Venus; 49 R ea nimia est ratio; 749 ratio accepH scribitur; Men. 206 R ut ratio redditur; Ps. 626 R qui res rationes- que eri Ballionis euro, argentum accepto et quoi dehibet dato ; Aul. 45 R tibi egon rationem reddamf 382 postquam hanc rationem ventri cordique edidi; ■^2'] putatur ratio cum argentario. Met., Plaut. Mil. 771 Rib. accipe a me rtisum rationem dolt Quam institi (an account) ; BS.tio. 563 Cato R. R. 2. 5 ratioties putare argentariam, frumentariam ; Ter. Ad. 208 frustra mecum has rationes puto; Afran. 79 rationem putes; 293 ratio setius ceciderit. These usages are continued by Cic, Caes., and all good authors, among the commonest combina- tions being the following : rationem inire, to enter upon a calcu- lation; conficere, to make up an account; putare, to clear it up; reddere, to give it (also referre) ; poscere, to ask for it. Cic. Att. 6. 3. 5/ro ratione pecuniae seems to mean 'if you calculate the actual sum ' ; Brut. 49 ad nostrorum annalium rationem (to reckon by) ; Hirt. (?) G. 8. 9 pro hoc ratiotu eius altitudinis ; Cic. Verr. 5. 147 cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur (the roll of the prison); Prop. 3. 23. 19 his aliquis rationem scribit avarus; Hor. A. P. 325 longis rationibus assem . . . diducere. Ratio constat com- monly stands for ' the account is balanced.' Met., Quint. 10. 2. 2 omnis viiae ratio sic constat ut quae probamus in aliis facere ipsi velimus (there is this balance in ordinary life). 2. Beyond the sphere of accounts, a calculation, reckoning, respecting events or actions : Plaut. Rfil. 237 Rib. nunc sic rationem incipissam, hancinsti- iuam astutiam; Stich. 430 R hanc rationem institi; Afran. 334 restrictim cogitare atque omnibus rationibus ; Ace. 476 ubi nihil contra rationem aequam habuit, adsensit silens; 87 vera ratione ttugurem (of true insight or calculation?); Cic. Verr. 5. loi hanc rationem habere coepit ; Fin. 4. 1 7 corporis bona facilem quondam rationem habere censebant (that it was easy to form an estimate of — ) ; Hirt. (?) G. 8. 6 quantum in ratione erat (so far as it was possible to forecast). 3. Concr., calculation, account, and so interest: Plaut. Amph. Prol. 4 res rationesque \ Cic. Verr. Act. i. 34 tua ratio est ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias ; 2.172 cum isto . . . re ac ratione coniunctus. So often in pi., interests : e.g. Sail. C. 44. 5 quid iuae ratumes postulent; 56. 5 alienum suis rationibus; Cic. Post Red. ad Quir. i si umquam meas rationes saluti vestrae anteposuissem ; Fam. i. S. 2 me ad eius rationes adiungo, quem tu in meis rationibus, etc. 4. Rationem habere cum aliquo, to have dealings or transactions, properly reckoning, with a person. (a) Cic. De Sen. 51 habent enim rationem cum terra (they have to reckon with) ; Varro R. R. i. 4. 3 ubi ratio cum Oreo habetur ; Cic. Att. 2. 5. 2 cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito; Quinct. 75 omnes quibuscum huic ratio aut est aut/uit; Cael. 50 cum hac aliquid adolescentem hominem habuisse rationis, and so elsewhere. (b) Followed by gen. of the matter about which the dealings are concerned: Cic. Phil. 4. 14, 12. 17 habere pacis 002 564 Ratio. fationem cum aliqud (to talk about negotiations of peace with — ). (c) Ratio = in general, business, dealing, transaction, both in sing, and pi.: Caes. G. 6. 14 in omnibus rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis litteris uiantur; Cic. Quinct. 15 o&os. Rfigatlo = an embassy: Itala Luc. 14. 32 mittet rogationem rogans pacem (Ronsch S. B. p. 63). Edttlla = T/j^xf^Kos, a ring: Itala Ezech. 16. 12 rotulas in auriculas tuas (Ronsch S. B. p. 63). Buctils, -us = license, caprice : Cypr. Epist. 2 nee patiamur errare fratres nostros et pro arbitrio et ructu sua vivere; Vit. Cypr. 15 (Ronsch S. B. p. 63). B-adimentuin = rudeness, inexperience : Gael. Aur. Chron. 1. I. 50 adhuc enim, inquit Themison, Asclepiadis erroribus et rudi- mento temporis methodici fallebantur ; Gloss. Philox. rudimentum ISiayriiriios, npioTcmeipia; CyriU. drreipla, imperitia, . . . rudimentum (Ronsch S. B. p. 63). p p 2 58o Rues — S, Biies, subst. f. {ruo: comp. lues from luo), a fall: Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 169 'rues' ruina. Conj. by Mommsen in the Carmen Fratrum Arvalium C. I. L. i. 28 neve lue rue (= luem ruem) sins incur r ere in pleoris. Rallus, adj., (rus), rustic : Gloss. Philox. rulla, x'»P'K'7; aypomos : as subst., a beggar : lb. rullus mendicus. The word occurs also as a cognomen. Bumo, -onis, an old name of the Tiber: Serv. A. 8. 63, 90. Butramen, -inis, subst. n., rubbish (what is rutratum or thrown up by a rutrum): Lex Metalli Vipasc. 54. p. 153 Bruns/«/w ex scauriis e( rutramina. s. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing this letter and ;c (= «) is thus described: Marius Vict. p. 34 K duae supremae, s et X, iur( iungentur. Nam vicino inter se sonore atiracto sibilant ficlu, ita tamen, si prioris ictus pone dentes excitatus ad medium lenis agitetur, sequentis autem crasso spiritu hispidum sonet, quia per con- iunctionem c et s, quarum et locum implet et vim exprimit, ut senstf aurium ducemur, efficitur; Ter. Maur. p. 332 K mox duae supremae {s and x) Vicina quidem sibila deniibus repressis Miscere videntur ; tamen ictus ut priori Et promptus in ore est agitur que pone dentes. Sic levis {? lenis) et unum ciet auribus susurrum. Mixtura secundae geminum parat sonorem, Quia c simul et quae prior .est iugando nisum, Retrorsus adactam solidant premuntque vocem. Again Ter. Maur. p. 352 dentibus triyjia atque labris proximam sedem tenet; Mart. Cap. 3. 261 j sibilumfacit dentibus verberatis. At the end of a word, if .y was preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant (e.g. magnus fuit) it was sounded very feebly, as appears by the fact that in the older poetry it could be metrically disregarded ; thus Lucilius could write Aesernlnus fiiit, dignus locoque, etc, (Cic. Orat. 161, Quint. 9. 4. 37, and Gramm.) Quint. 1. c. says that to avoid the harsh collision of final s with a consonant at the beginning pf the next word, Servius Sulpicius would drop the ,f in pronunciation, quod reprehendit Luranius, Messala defendit. The sound of w is called /rwjibr by Mar. Vict. p. 8 K iidem {antiqui) voces quae pressiore sono eduntur, 'ausus' 'causa' 'fusus' 'odiosus' per duo s scribebant, 'aussus'; comp. Consent, p. 395 K s Utteram Graeci exiliter ecferunt adeo ut cum dicunt ' iussit,' per unum s dicere existimes. But this Saccellarius — Saeciilum. 581 pressi'or Sonus was not always, from the Augustan age onwards, represented by writing m: see Quint, i. 7. 20; Vel. Long. pp. 72, 79, 80 K; Cornutus ap. Cassiod. p. 149 K. S as an abbreviation may stand for Severiana, Spurius, Saturnus, solus, servus, sestertium, sextarius, semis, senatus and its cases ; sententia, sacerdos, sacra and its cases ; stlitibus, solo, secular, summa (subst.), sihi, suus and its cases ; sacrum, singuli, singularis, subscriptus, speclalus, scripsi, scripsit, sit, solvit, sicut, sine, supra, sub (S.P., S. VB^,=.subprae/ectus ; S.S. = subscriptus'). Saeeellarms = a banker, TpmreiiTrjs : Rufin. Int. Joseph. Antiqq. 12.2 rerum ministris el regiis saccellariis (Ronsch S. B. p. 63). Saeculum : probably to be derived from su-, to beget ( = sav-i- culum), and thus meaning a generation. 1. In the concrete sense, a generation or race. Lucr. often has saecula hominum, ferarum = the generations of men, of animals: Cic. Div. i. 36 nee saeculorum reliquorum iudicium pertimescere; Verg. G. i. 468 im- piaque aeternam timuerunt saecula noctem (wrongly explained by Georges as = fashion of the time, spirit of the age); A. i. 291 aspera turn positis mitescent saecula bellis ; Ov. M. ig. 260 sic ad ferrum venistis ab auro, Saecula : so aurea, ferrea saecula, etc. 2. In a temporal sense, the period occupied by the life of a particular set of individuals, ' generation,' saeculum is too common to need further illustration. The phrase ire or mitti in saecula, to win immortality of renown, is quoted by Georges from- Silius and the younger Pliny: add Lucan 10. 533 infamam et saecula mitti. 3, In the sense of ' spirit of the age,' ' fashion,' saeculum may have been derived from the expression common in the Ciceronian age, hoc saeculum. It seems to begin with the elder Seneca; Contr. 2. 1. 2 (p. 115 Bursian) aliqua materia quae convicium saeculi reciperet ; 2. 9. 17 (p. 124 B) tunc pauper ias erat saeculi; Prop. r. 18. 12 iurpius et saecli vivere luxuria; Mart. 9. 28. 9 et cum theatris saecu- loque rixaris; Tac. G. 19 nee corrumpere et corrumpi saeculum va- catur. N. B. Whether the pi. saecula can be used in this sense seems to me more than doubtful. It has been taken so in Prop. 2. 25. 35-38 at si saecla forent antiquis grata puellis {grata is very doubtful) Essem ego quod nunc tu : tempore vincor ego. Non tamen ista meos mutabunt saecula mores ; Unus quisque sua noverit ire via. The meaning however seems to be ' if we lived in times,' ' those old times,' not ' that fashion.' In Lucan again (10. 109) explicuit- que suos magna Cleopatra tumultu Nandum translatos Romana in 58a Salmentum — sario. saecula luxm, Romana in saecula does not mean ' the fashion of Roman life,' but 'the generations of Rome.' In the Epicedion Drusi therefore (45) quid, tenuisse animum contra sua saecula rectum, the use of saecula in the sense of saeculum may be, as far as it goes, an argument against the antiquity of the poem. Salmentum, -i, subst. n. from salio, to salt, anything seasoned with salt : Gloss. Hild. ' salmentum ' quod salibus conditur : so Gloss. Amplon. p. 379 ; Exc. ex Comm. in Donat. Gramm. Lat. 5. p. 327 K quaerendum est quo modo Donatus dicat barbarismum esse si quis dicat salmentum pro salsamentum, cum Caper antiquissimus doctor dicat ' salmenta non timeas proferre, quia Latinum est' (Caper p. loi Keil). The writer proceeds to distinguish between salmentum and salsamentum as follows : ' salmentum ' autem est purgamentum maris, salsamentum vero salsugo dicitur, in qua liquescit sal, ut carnes condiantur. This distinction may be true, but there is no other evidence to support it : the explanation given by the glossaries seems the right one. The word is wrongly explained as a cor- ruption Qii salsamentum by Chads, p. 265 K (= Donatus p. 392 K, Consent, p. 392 K, lulian Exc. ex Comm. Donat. p. 324 K). Salsip6tis, lord of the sea; Anth. Lat. 21. 2 (i. p. 71 Riese) tantis Salsipotis distendit limina donis. This word lends some support to salsipotens in Plaut. Trin. 820, which Ritschl altered to salipotens. Sanctus, -a, -um. 1. Specially applied to the dead, from the notion perhaps of their being unapproachable and inviolable : of sacred memory : Sail. I. 85. 40 ex parente meo et ex aliis Sanctis viris; Cic. Phil. 14. ■>,■>, for tissimi dum vixistis, nunc vero etiam sanctissimi milites ; Verg. A. 5. 80 salve sancte parens ; Tibull. 2.6. 31 ilia mihi sancta est; C. I. L. 9. 5924 Licustinae Veneriae coniugi sanctissimae ; I. R. N. 138 coniugi carissimae sanctissimae et bene merenti. 2. Of style, pure (in the literary sense): Quint. 10. 1. 115 est (Calvi) et sancta et gravis oratio et castigata ; 8. 3. 6 ornatus virilis etfortis et sanctus; 4. 2.125 i''^'>d {^genus orationis) quo/uerit gravius et sanctius; 8. 3. 24 {verba antiqua) sanctiorem et magis admirabilem faciunt orationem ; ib. 44 apud Sallustium dicta sancta et antiqua ; Tac. D. 4 sanctiorem illam et augustiorem eloquentiam. Sario, -is (not sarrio), sariii, sartum ; sarrivisse is printed in Col. II. 2. 10; to hoe : Fast. Rust. C. I. L. i. p. 358 col. 1. 10 and 2. 10 segetes sariuniur; Plaut. Capt. 663 R semper occant prius quam sariunt rustici; Cato R. R. 161. 2 sarito runcatoque (where Vic- Sarra — Scariola. 583 torius says in Ms enim antiquissimis Kbris quibus ad hoc munus usus sum, semper ita scriptum observavt) ; ib. ne ante sarueris ; Varro R. R. I. 18. 8, I. 29. 1 (where Schneider after Victorius writes sario); Varro Vinalia ap. Non. p. 8 meas segetes ut sariat (so Harl. corrected); Col. 2. II. 4, II. 2. lo (where Schneider writes sarr-); Plin. i8. 158 sariam, satam (so the MSB., not saritam); ib. 184 sariet; Mart. 3. 93. 20 (Schneidewin prints sarrire, but the best MSS. have satire, i. e. sarire), etc., Gloss. Philox. sarit ^oravtCei. Sarra or serra, -ae, subst. f., a beam or bar : Script. De Idiom. Generum ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. vol. 4. p. 577 'sarra' vel 'serra' fioxl^os (probably another form of sera). Sarraster, -ris, epithet of the people living near the Sarrus : Verg. A. 7. 738 Sarrastris populos et quae rigat aequora Sarnus: so P. and the MSS. of Servius ; but Sarrastis is commonly read. Sarritio, see Sartio. Sarritor, see Sartor. Sarritorius, see Sartorius. SarritTira, see Sartura. Sarrus, name of the river which gave its name to the Sarrastres : Serv. (Dan.) A. 7. 738. Sartio, -onis, subst. f., abstr. from sario, hoeing : this form, not sarritio, is attested by the best MSS. of Col.- 2. 11 (12). i and II. 2. 9. Sarritio or saritio Serv. G. i. 21. SartSr, -oris (not sarritor), subst. m. ag. from sario : Plaut. Capt. 661 R sartor satorque scelerum et messor maxume (so the Harl. MS. of Nonius p. 7) ; Varro Vinalia ap. Non. p. 7 cum tu sis sartor. In Varro R. R. i. 29. 2 Politian's MS. gave sartores, though Schneider reads sarritores : so in Col. 2. 12 (13). i. (Nonius p. 7 ' sartores ' dicti non solum a sarciendo, verum etiam a sariendo.) Sarritor is printed by Thilo in Serv. G. i. 21 as the title of a god; the best MSS. vary between Sartor and Sarritor. Sartorius, adj., belonging to hoeing: Col. 2. 13. 2 (so PoH- tian's MSS., not sarritorius). Sartura, -ae, subst. f, abstr. from sario, hoeing: Col. 11. 2. 27 according to the St. Germains MS. (a high authority) : and without doubt in Plin. 18. 254. Satyrdgraphus, -i, a writer of satyric drama : Comm. Cruq. Hor. A. P. 240. Scariola, popular name for endive : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae 584 Scaurarius — Segmentum. Nominum p. 169 'intiba' quae scariola vacatur. Lowe suggests that it may be a corruption of cicoriola. Scaurarius, one who has to do with the scoriai or slack of a mine : Lex Metalli Vipascensis 45. p. 144 Bruns scripturae scaura- riorum et testariorum. Scaiirea {a-Kapia) and seauria, the form of scoria given by the Lex Metalli Vipascensis 45. p. 144 Bruns pulwrem ex scaureis. Seriptftr = a prose writer: Varro ap. Diomed. p. 426 K apud poeias et scriptores. Scrofa, as t. t. of Medicine = scrofula : Cass. Fel. c. 26 ; Gar- gilius Martialis c. 8 fin. (Rose), lemma of Plin. Secund. 3. 6 (Rose) according to the cod. Sangall., strumas, i. e. scrofas (Ronsch S. B. p. 64). Scrupulat6r = scrupulose sollicitans : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 169. Scylaeeum, -i, name of a town in the S.W. of Italy: Verg. A. 3- 533' The place had two names, Scylletium (SkwXXijtioi/), and Scolacium or Scylacium {^KvKaKiov) : Plin. 3. 95 Scolagium, Scylle- tium Atheniensibus, cum conderent, dictum. An inscr. of the year 143 A. D. (C. I. L. 10. 103) gives Scolacium (Scolacio aquam dedit); Velleius 1. 15. 4 has, according to ^A.2.2.%t, Scylacium; Mela 2. 4. 68 Scyllaceum. The form Scylaeeum may be due to the necessities of metre. Scylaceus, adj. from Scylaeeum, belonging to Scylaeeum : Ov. M. 15. 702 Scylaceaque litora fertur; Mela 2. 4. 68 writes Scyllaceus. Seeordis = socors : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 1 69. Seetarius, adj., usually taken as = castrated ; but it is dif- ferently explained by Paul. p. 336 M '■seetarius' vervex, qui gregem agnorum praecedens ducit ; Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 556 ^seetarius aries,' vervex quem oves sequuntur; Plaut. Capt. 820 R qui petroni nomen indunt verveci sectario. (Perhaps from secta, a way; so, the ram who leads the way; see the author's Lectures and Essays, p. 369 foil.) Segmentarius {segmentum): Schol. luv. 2. 124 (Valla) ' seg^ mentarii' etiam nunc dicuntur qui vestes ex auro elaborant, Segmentum, -i (seco, to cut). 1. A space made by cutting, an interval : Plin. 36. 52 crassior enim harena laxioribus segmentis terit. 2. A Section, segment, division : Plin. 6. 2 li plura sunt Sella — Serenus. 585 tegmenta mundi; ib. 216 quinto segmento; Auson. Mos. 119 (of the perch) solidoque in corpore partes Segmentis coeunt. 3. In dress, an ornamental patch, sometimes bracelet, of purple or gold thread attached to the top of a lady's robe : Schol. luv. 6. 89 segmenta dicii vittam pendentem de vestibus, intextam auro; Serv. A. i. 654 'monile' ornamentum gutturis, quod et segmentum vacatur. Ov. A. A. 3. 169 nee vos, segmenta, require; Val. Max. 5. 2. i purpurea beste et aureis uti segmentis. Sella = exoneratio ventris (whence assellare) : Itala i Reg. 24. 4 (Ronsch S. B. p. 65). Seminatlo = seed (6 anopoi): Itala Marc. 4. 26. 27 cum mittit ieminationem in terra . . .et seminatio /ructificat {R.onsda S. B. p. 65). Semlueutralis, 1. 1. of Grammar applied to such words as curro, vapulo,algeoy-Auga&tm. Reg. p. 514 K (F. Haver-fifild). Semiplagium, -i, subst. n., glossed in Gloss, ap. Mai CI. Auct. 7 as minus rete : so Osbern ap. eund. 8. p. 564. [Is this the same word as implagium or symplagium given by the MSS. of Isid. Or. 19. 5. I minor autem retis impjagium (or simplagiuni) dicitur a plagis, etc.] Semiplenus. Cledon. p. 49 K uses the phrase semiplena signi- ficatio of the meaning of pronouns as opp. to that of substantives. Semiremex, a half-rower, i. e. a man who partly rows, partly fights: Septim. Serenus ap. Serv. A. 5. 116 semiremex Herculis. Sensiialis, in the sense of vo^pos, rational or intellectual : Serv. A. 6. 727 qui dicunt deum corporalem esse et eum definiuni irvp voepov, i. e. ignem sensualem ; so again A. 6. 747. Sensiis, -us, in the meaning 1. Of reason, common sense, in the popular acceptation : Cic. Fin. 4. 55 sensus . . . cuiusque et natura rerum atque ipsa Veritas clamabat . . . nan posse adduci ut inter eas res . . . nihil inter esset; Hor. i. S. 3. 97 sensus Moresque repugnant Atque ipsa utilitas; C. I. L. 6. 4379 (Rome, early first c&vA^ fides amor sensus pudor et sanctitas; Lewis and Short quote Dig. 9. i. 1. 3 animal sensu caret; 24. 3. 22. 7 a mad person lacks sensus. 2. In the philosophical sense = voiJs, the highest reason or specu- lative intellect : Verg. A. 6. 'j 4'j purumque reliquit Aetherium sensum ; Gloss. Philox. sensus vovs. Separatio = a0opto-/xa, something dedicated to God without possibility of redemption: Itala Ezech. 44. 29 omnis separatio in Isdrahel ipsis erit; Vulg. has votum. (Ronsch S. B. p. 65.) Serenus is usually connected with the Greek ai\as, and taken 586 Sesquias — Sincinia. as = bright. It is more probably connected with seresco, and means originally dry ; so of the sky, cloudless ; of a wind or a cloud, rainless : Plant. Merc. 876 R hie Favonius serenust (rainless), istic Ausier imbricus; so Verg. G. i. 461 unde serenas Ventus agat nubes (rainless: comp. G. 3. 197 artda nubild). Here Nonius p. 175, in a note on seresco, says that Verg. is using serenas ' docte' as := siccus. Sesquias, an as and a half : Gloss. Philox. sequas (i. e. sesquias) iv rj/UiTV aatrapiov. Silentia, -ae, silence : Exc. Charis. p. 553 K. Silva, in the sense of a bush, a bushy growth, sometimes of a tree-top: Caes. G. 2. 19 has side by side se in silvas recipere, in si/vis abditi, intra silvas aciem . . . constituerunt, and cum . . . ex silva in nostras impetum facerent ; so 3. 28 continentes silvas ac paludes, ad quarum initium silvarum, eos in silvas repulerunt, and 29 silvas caedere, with ex omnibus par tibus silvae evolaverunt. Here silvae is taken by Kraner of the different parts of the forest, silva of the whole forest ; but it seems more natural to take silvae as = bushes, silva = the wood. Silvas caedere, then, will mean to cut down the bushes. The following appear to be undoubted, or at least highly probable, instances of this use of silva ; Verg. G. i. 76 lupini . . . silvam . . . sonantem; i. 481 insane contorquens vertice silvas . . . Eridanus; 2. I'j pullulat ab radice aliis densissima silva : 2. 207 aut unde iratus silvam devexit arator; 4. 273 uno ingentem tollit de caespite silvam; A. 3. 24 ab humo convellere silvam; 6. 8 pars densa ferarum Tecta rapit silvas (carries off brushwood) ; 6. 704 virgulta sonantia silvis (sounding with their thick leaves) ; 10. 709 silva Pastus harundinea; Ov. M. 4. ■>,•>,<) fruticumque recondita silva Delituit; 7. 242 verbenis . . . silvaque agresti; 8. ■^i^r propulsa fr agar em Silva dat; 9. 235 congeriem silvae; Lucan i. 142 tot circum silvae firmo se robore tollunt {hushy tree-tops); 3. 445 pro- pulsaque robore denso Sustinuit se silva cadens; 9. 966 silvae steriles et putres robore trunci. So Cic. Senect. 52 says vitis . . . ne silvescat sarmentis (grew into a bush) ; and Vitruv. 8. i. 6 crebrae arbor es et silvosae (bushy). Simpllcitudo, in Grammar, the positive form of an adjective : Cledon. p. 38 K 'doctus' simplicitudo est, non collatio. Sincinia, -ae, subst. f., and neut. sincinium, a solo song : Paul, p. 337 M sinciniam cantionem solitariam; Isid. Or. 6. 19 (or 22). 6 monodia quod Latine sincinium dicitur ; Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. Singularius — Solium. 587 p. 558 ' sincinia' cantio solUaria : ' sincinium' vox singularis canti- lenae. {Sin-, cano : sin- as in sim-plex, sin-c-erus, sin-gulus.) Singiilarius, adj. from singulus, what belongs to one: so Plaut. Capt. 112 R his indito catenas Jz>«g-«/arm (chains small enough for one person, opp. to the larger ones they are wearing) ; Turpilius 28 R homo unica estnatura et singularia (peculiar); Cic. ap. Charis. p. 229 K has adv. singularie, in what exact sense cannot be ascer- tained, but apparently = unice ; Gall. 9. 4. 6 homines . . . singu- lariae velocitatis (remarkable, singular) ; 17. 9. 2 litter ae singular iae (single letters, properly letters belonging each to one word) = abbreviations. Sdlacltim = assistance, support : Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 7. 6, 7 al. (Ronsch S. B. p. 66). Sdliditas = foundation : Nonius p. 520 modestia fundamentum, soliditas, basis ipsa virtutis est (Ronsch S. B. p. 66). S6IIUIU, -i, subst. n. 1. Defined by Serv. on Aen. i. 506 and 7. 169 as being properly a kind of chest made of one piece of wood : quasi arviariuvi uno ligno factum, in quo reges sedebant propter tutelam corporis sui; so also Isid. Or. 20. 11. 10. It is con- stantly used in the sense of a throne of god or king, and was, one must suppose, originally a seat enclosed on the back and the sides, and perhaps at the top, resembling a large tub set on end. Fest. p. 298 M says ' solia' appellantur sedilia in quihus non plures sin- gulis possint seder e. Cic. Har. Resp. 57 deorum ignes, solia, mensas ; Fin. 2. 69 ornatu regali in solio sedentem; De Rep. 3. 12 in illo divino solio non longe a sapientia conlocare; Lucr. 5. wyi pristina maiestas soliorum et sceptra superba ; Verg. often uses it, but always of gods and kings ; and so other writers frequently. 2. Poet. = throne, i. e. royalty, kingly power : Verg. A. 10. 852 pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque paternis; Hor. 2. C. 2. 17 redditum Cyri solio Phrahatem ; and so later poets and prose writers, e. g. Tacitus. 3. Of a chair in common use: Crassus ap. Cic. De Or. 2. 226 solium paternum ; Cic. Legg. i. 10; and elsewhere. 4. A tub for bathing : Cato R. R. 10. 4 solium unum ; Lucr. 6. 800; Vitruv. 9. 3. 10; Liv. 44. 6. i; Cels. i. 3, i. 4. 1- 26. 5; Plin. 33. 152 feminae nisi argentea solia fastidiunt ; Suet. Aug. 82 ; Pallad. i. 40. 3, 41. I. In these passages, when solium is used in connexion with baths, it means a tub or bath large enough for one person only; but in Petron. 92 (circa solium sedentibus) it seems to be used of the piscina or basin of the baths. 5. Of a stone coflGn or 588 Sparus — Stillicidium. sarcophagus: Curt. lo. lo. 9; Suet. Nero 50; Floras 2. 21 (4. 11.) 1 1 in referto odoribus solio. (Perhaps from sol- or sel-, to sit : Varro L. L. 5. 128 derives it from sed-eo directly ; so Fest. p. 298 M.) Sparus, -i, m., and sparum, -i, n., a rustic missile : according to Ti. Donatus on Aen. 11. 682, a knotted stick: spara are defined by Fest. p. 331 M 2lS parvissimi ij) generis iacula; Non. p. 536 says ' sparus' is telum agreste; Isid. Or. 12. 6. 31 'sparus' est telum rusti- canum missile; so Varro ap. Serv. A. 11. 682 ; Ti. Donatus A. 11. 682 'sparum' dicunt , . . fustem nodosum, quo rustici utuniur cum eunt ad helium. Lucil. Inc. 109 turn spara, ium rumices ; Sisenna iii. ap. Non. p. 556 sparis ac lanceis eminus peterent hostes ; Sail. Cat. 56 spar OS et lanceas; Varro Meleagri ap. Non. I.e. sparo se- cutus tragulave ; Verg. A. 11. 682 agrestisque manus armat sparus. SpeciilatSr, in the sense of 1. A watcher, overseer : Itala and Vulg. Ezech. 33. 6; Tert. Marc. 2. 25 speculatorem vineae; Augustin. C. D. i. 9 arf hoc enim speculatores, hoc est populorum praepositi, etc. 2. In Tert. Scorp. 1 2 alieni specu- lator = dXKoTpweiria-KOTros (i. Petr. 4. 15) or one who watches for or desires the possessions of others. 3. An eye-witness : Itala Luc. I. 2 qui ab initio speculatores ei ministri fuerunt verbi ; Tert. Apol. 45 ; Gloss. Philox. speculator iiroirrjjs, Karda-KOTros (Ronsch S. B. p. 66). Spica = spelt : Hieron. in Ezech. 4. 9 fear . . . quas nos velfar vel gentili Italiae Pannoniaeque sermone spicam speltamque dicimus (Ronsch S. B. p. 67). Spina = the loin: Itala Lev. 8. 25. 9, 19 (Vulg. caudam); Matth. 3. 4 (Vulg. lumhos). (Ronsch S. B. p. 6^) Splendidus and splenddr in the sense of spotless, spotless- ness : Cic. Cluent. 46 municipum {Alatrinatiuni), in quibus quantus splendor sit ( = innocence) quam prope aequabilis, quamfere omnium constans et moderata ratio vitae , . . nemo . . . ignorat ; Mur. 58 ne quid totius vitae splendor et gravitas noceat ; Plane. 30 hunc tu vitae splendorem maculis adspergis istis? Hor. i. C 'j. 21 de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria ; which Comm. Cruq. explains cum de te absque ullofuco aut obscure odii invidiaeve livore splendide et lucide iudicaverit; Ov. Am. i. 11. 20 splendida cera; Liv. 3. 35. 9 nequa- quam splendore vitae pares decemviros creat; C. I. L. 9. 2975 (luva- num, Ital. Reg. iv) honestam vitam vixsit, pius et splendidus. Stilllcldluiu = a moment: Int. Iren. 2. 32. ■), phantasmata . . . ne stillicidio quidem temporis perseverantia (Ronsch S. B. p. 67). Stipa — Stupparius. 589 Stipa, -ae, subst. f., straw : Serv. A. i. 443 translatio a navibus, in quihus 'stipula interponitur vasts, quam stipam vacant; A. 3. 465 ' stipat ' densei : unde stipatores dicuntur qui in navibus componunt, a stipa {stupa MS. Cassell.); Isid. Or. 19. 27. 2 (= Serv. A. 5. 682) haec (stuppa) secundum antiquam orthographiam : stipa dicta quod ex ea rimae navium stipentur. Unde et stipatores dicuntur qui in navibus earn componunt {stipa is the reading of the Oriel MS., and is no doubt right); 17. 7. 56 'stipa' vocata quod ex ea stipentur tecta. Hinc et ' stipula ' per deminutionem ; Fast. p. 351 M ' stipatores ' unde et stipam, qua amphorae cum extruuntur, firmari Solent. (It seems that Serv, on A. 5. 682 and Isid. 19. 27. 2 mean to distinguish between stipa, straw, and stuppa, tow; and the dis- tinction is apparently correct.) Stirillum or sterillum, glossed as = caprae barba ; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 18. Strietura. Note its special use = the hardening of iron by dipping it in water when red-hot : Isid. Or. 19. 10. r nam et in- tinctio/erri in aquam strietura est. Nisi enim candens tingatur, stringi et cohaerere non potest ferrum ; (comp. Pers. 2. 66 stringere venas Ferventis massae crude de pulvere^ So concr. = bar-iron, in pi. bars of iron : Varro ap. Serv. A. 10, 174 {ferrum) in stricturam non posse cogi; Verg. A. 8. 420 striduntque cavernis Stricturae Chalybum; Plin. 34. 143 stricturae vocantur hoe omnes {ferri species), quod non in alii^ metallis, a stringenda acie vocabulo imposito ; Rutil. Nam. i. 353 pon Biturix largo potior strietura camino. (In the latter sense strietura was derived both by Plin. 1. c. and Non. pp. 21, 523 from stringere, to dazzle : Nonius indeed says that the proper meaning of stricturae is the sparks quae de ferro ferventi eunt. Comp. Gloss, Philox. stricturae XiKvna^iiivov, r\ to aiso ToG inSripov ttIhtov, axmfp a-mv6rjpes.) Stuppa, -ae, sometimes in good MSS. spelt stupa, tow; the hard part of flax : Plin. 19. 17 defines it as quod proximum cortici fuit. Varro ap. Gell. 17. 3. 4 ; Lucr. 6. 880 ; Caes. C. 3. loi ; Liv, 21. 8. 10; Verg. A. 5. 682 ; Pers. 5. 135, etc. (From base stu-, to thrust or stuff in : not to be confused with stipa, which means straw, although in ancient times the mistake was sometimes apparently made : Serv. A. 5. 682 says ' stuppa ' secundum antiquam orthogra- phiam, nam stipa dicitur a stipando ; abusive etiam linum dicimus.) Stupparius, -a, -um, used for beating out flax : Plin. 19, 17 stupparius malleus (where good MS. authority gives stipparius)^ 59° Subgluttus — Subtem^n. Subgluttus = singuUus : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 169. S-Q-blneptus, adj., somewhat foolish : Macrob. Exc. Bob. p. 632 K (F. Haverfield). Subium, subst. n., the upper lip : Script. De Id. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 580 subium ^mara^. Subiunctiviis, adj., t. t. of Grammar. 1. Subjunctive, of the mood : Gramm. often. Of conjunctions followed by the sub- junctive, as cum, si, quamvis, etc.: Charis. p. 226 K. 2. Of vowels which can follow other vowels, opp. to praepositivus : Prise. I. p. 37 K {vocales) subiunctivae e, u, ut ae, au, eu, oe. 3. Of pronouns = relativus. Applied to is : Cledon. p. 15 K subiuncHvum pronomen dictum est aut relativum, quod subiungitur aut refertur. The instance given is is, in such a passage as Hie est magister ? Is ; where is refers to the question. Comp. Cledon. p. 50. 4. Of prepositions, postpositive, e.g. tenus: Cledon. p. 78 (from Donatus). Sublica = an tipper garment : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae No- minum p. 169 fVei/fiuTijy sublica. SnbreptSr, -oris, a robber : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae No- minum p. 170 ' expilatores' alienae hereditatis subreptores. Subsessdr, -oris, subst. m., ag. from subsideo : 1. one who lies in wait: Serv. A. 5. 498 ' subsessores' vocantur qui occisuri aliquem delitescunt. So it is used of a hunter lying in wait for his quarry : Petron. 40. i subsessor cum venabulis; Sen. Phaedra gi {^6) /eras Subsessor ages. 2. With gen., one who lies in wait to take another's place : Val. Max. 2. i. 5 subsessores alienorum matrimo- niorum; so 7. 2. ext. i. Sen. Contr. 2. 9. 20 (p. 125 Bursian) says subsessor trium filiorum, of an adopted son ousting the three actual sons from their inheritance. 3. Abs., subsessor = adulter: Arnob. 4. 25, 5. 20. Substantia, in the sense of power : Ti. Donatus on Aen. 5. 687 qui praestandi habet substantiam ; 6. 493 substantia clamandi. Subetillo, -as (substillus) = arpayyavpi5> : Gloss. Philox. Substlnieii and subsfitlo, a piece sewn underneath. Gloss. Philox. Subtemen, or subtegmen, -inis, subst. n., the thread running under the warp, the woof: Greek pohavrj-. Varro L. L. 5. 113 •subtemen' quod subest stamini; Serv. A. 3. 483 subtemine, i.e. file quod intra stamen currit. Plaut. Merc. 518 R subtemen nere ; Lucil. Subtilitas — SuflPiiror. 59 1 9. 28 ; CatuU. 64. 327 ; Verg. A. 3. 483 ; Hor. Epod. 13. 15 ; Ov. M. 6. 56 ; Vitruv. 10. i. 5 ; and elsewhere in Latin. (The manu- scripts vary between suUegmen and subtemen. In Plaut. 1. c. B has subtemen, D subtegmen ; in Verg. A. 3. 483 Pal. has subtemine, Med. originally, and G subtegmine ; in Catull. 1. c. G and O subtegmina ; in Val. Fl. 6. 227 the best MS. has subtegmine; Vitruv. 10. i. 5 G and H subtemen ; Flor. 1. c. B has subtegmine^ Subtaitas, in the sense of craft, cunning: Minuc. Fel. \\.*i ex altera parte mira subtilitas ; Ronsch S. B. p. 68, who gives other instances from Lucifer Calaritanus and Victor Vitensis. Subversio = dregs, duarpoir^ (what is stirred up) : Itala Habac. 2. 15 vae qui potum dat proximo suo subversionem turbidam (Ronsch S. B. p. 68). Suocedaneus, 1. 1. of Grammar, applied to pronouns as substi- tutive : Varro ap. Cledon. p. 49 K idea haec pars (viz. pronomen) succedanea dicitur, quia non potest in eadem locutione esse, hoc est quia bis nomen repeti non potest. Sucoendeo or succiudeo : to glow underneath ; see the writer's Lectures and Essays pp. 350, 351. Suceipio, -is, -ere, -oepi, -ceptum, to catch up from beneath, usually applied to something falling : Lucr. 5. 402 solque cadenti Obvius aeternam succepit lampada munai ; Verg. A. i. 175 succepiique ignem foliis; 4. 391 succipiunt famuli conlapsaque membra . . . referunt; 6. 249 tepidumque cruorem Succipiunt pateris. In A. 11. 806 the uncials give dominamque ruentem Suscipiunt, but the Bernese cvu-sive has succipiunt. In Prop. 4. 9. 36 the Naples MS. has ef cava succepto flumine palma sat est; Pliny Epist. 5. 6. 24 says, ac- cording to the MSS., ex edito desiliens aqua suscepta marmore albescit; but suscepta may well be a corruption. [Not to be con- fused with suscipio, which is compounded of sus- and capio, while the first part of suceipio is either sH- or sub- ; Velius Longus p. 34 K aliud est amicum suscipere, aliud aquam succipere; Caper Orth. p. 98 K ' suscipimus ' ad animum et mentem refertur, ' succipimus ' corpore. The distinction, however, had disappeared in the time of Servius, who says (A. 6. 294) 'succipiunt' antique, nam modo 'suscipiunt' dicimus7\ Suffraglnatus, with broken legs: Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 170 ' suffraginatus' fractis, praecisis crucibus. Suffuror, -aris (subf-), to steal secretly : Plaut. True. 566 R where BCD spell susfuror; but Nonius p. 12 (quoting the 59» Suffusio — Supplicium. passage) suffuror; Vidularia ap. Non. p. 220 suffurahatur omnes (Harl. first hand sup/-); Comm. Cruq. Hor. i. S. i. 120 ne quis putet me haec suffuraium Crispino. Suffusio = blushing, feeling of shame : Vulg. 4. Reg. 8. 11 con- turbalus est usque ad suffusionem vuUus ; Eugippius Vita S. Severini 43. 8 maeroris suffusione cundaniibus (Ronsch S. B. p. 68), Summitas = emcjydveia in geometry, superficies : Balb. ap. Grom. p. 99 Lachm. plana summUas est quae aequaliter rectis lineis (st pQsita (Ronsch S. B. p. 69), Siiperarius, adj. der. from superus, upper : Gloss. Philox. superaria vestfs iirevSiris and superaria alone as subst., ib, supera,ria fVevSuT-is ; Scriptor da Idiom. Generum ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. vol. 4. p. 578 superaria cov^piKos, iirevSiTrjs ; Gloss. Cyrill, eVcvSiJrijj instita, haec superaria ; (see Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 170). Superficies = the cast-off skin of a snake : Gloss. Cyrill. S^etos ynpas, superficies (Ronsch S. B. p. 69). Superliminium, the space above the limen; Serv. A. 3. 351. Supinus, in Grammar of neuter verbs (sedeo etc.) Diom. p. 337 K quae quidam supina dixerunt : = passive, Serv. A. 10. 706 ' ignarum', i. e, ' ignoratum,' . . , et est supina significatio. Elsewhere it is applied to the gerunds and supines. Suppetiatiis, -us isuppetior), support, assistance : Non. p. 74 ' auxiliatum ' ut ' suppetiatum! SuppUeium, -i. 1. Properly something offered to a god : an offering, sacrifice : Plant. Rud. 25 Prol. nihil ei acceptumst de periuris supplici; Afranius 171 K quin deos Suppliciis sumptu votis donis precibus plorans obsecrans Nequiquam defetigarem ; Accius 298 R nunc per gam ut suppliciis placans caelitum aras expleam; Varro R. R. 2. 5. 10 fl(f deorum servant supplicia; Sail. C, 9. 2 in suppliciis deorum magnifici; I. 55. 2 dis supplicia decernere. 2. A suppHcation : Sail. C. 52. 29 suppliciis muliebribus ; Liv. 22. 57. 5, 27. 50. 5 ; Tac. A. 3. 64. 3. Offerings sent by the hands of ambassadors from the representatives of one state to those of another : Fest. p. 309 M supplicia autem sunt quae caduceatores portant; so apparently. Sail. I. 46. 2 (lugurthg) legates ad consulem cum suppliciis mittit; and perhaps ib. 66. 2/atigati regis suppliciis (his presents, bribes ?). 4. Punishment, especially of severe and extreme penalties. In this sense, in good Latin, it is generally used in the sing, of a single individual, in the pi. of more individuals than one. The transitipii of meaning seems to be as follows. Susceptio — Stius. 593 According to the ancient Roman law, if a citizen was put to death, an offering {supplidum) was made of his property to the goddess Semonia: Fest. p. 309 M; Serv. Aen. i. 632 unde et supplicia dicuntur supplicationes quae sunt de bonis supplicia passorum. This seems to be the origin of the phrase supplicium sumere de aliquo and (correlatively) supplicium dare. Supplicium then came to mean a fine, payment: Plant. Epid. 724 R nufnguam hercle hodie, nisi supplicium mihi das, me solvi sinam . . . Soccos, tunicam, pallium Tibidabo. (Here the supplicium is obviously a fine, consisting in socci, etc.); Mil. 502, 511 Rib. nisi mi supplicium virgarum de te datur, (and stimuleum d. t. d.); Ten Heaut. 138 de me supplicium dabo; Eun. 69 dahis Vitro ei supplicium ; Ace. 659 R quaenam umquam ob mortem Myrtili Poenis luendis dabitur satias supplied Thence in all Latin sumere supplicium de aliquo, adficere aliquem supplicia, and the like, are common phrases for punishing a person, dare, etc., lucre, expendere, supplicium, etc., for being punished. 5. supplicia = sufferings: Caes, C. i. 81 his eos suppliciis male haberi Caesar . . . malebat; Cic. Har. Resp. 3 supplicia a sociorum moenibus prohibere ; Off. 3. 100 se ad exquisita supplicia proficisci. (Perhaps from a lost verb placere, to appease, not from plec-, to bend the knee, in spite of supplex. If the word could mean an offering made for appeasing the gods, the other significations could easily be derived from this.) Susceptio = 1. di/Tt?ij;\/'ir, assistance, aid : Itala 3. Esdr. 8. 30 (27) secundum suscepiionem domini. 2. An entertain- ment = ^oxh\ Evang. Nicodemi c. i^/aciens magnam susceptionem (Ronsch S. B. p. 69). Siius, -a, -um : old form sovus, as is proved by C. I. L. i. 198. 50 (Lex Repetundarum of the end of the second century B.C.), C. I. L. 1. 1258 (Tegianum) where we have the dat. pi. soveis ; and C. I. L. I. 588 (c. 80 B.C.), where the gen. pi. sovom is found. The oblique cases suis sues suas were sometimes scanned as monosyllables, and written sis sos sas: Fest. p. 301 M 'sos' inter dum pro suos ponebant, ut cum per dativum casum . . . Ennius effert, ' Postquam lumina sis oculis bonus Ancus reliquit' ; ib. p. 325 'sas' Verrius putat significare eas, teste Ennio, qui dicat in lib. I, ' Virgines nam sibi quisque dovii Romanus habet sas ' : cum ' suas ' magis videatur significare ; Paul, p. 47 'sam' pro suam; Schol. Pers. i. 108 ' sis' pro suis apud anti- ques ponebatur, et ' sos ' pro ' suos,' ' sas ' pro ' suas ' ; Lucr. 3. 1025 repeats the line of Ennius. ' So ' for ' suo ' is found C. I. L. g. 2007 (Opitergium in N. Italy) ; and suus in all its cases and genders is Q q 594 Suus. frequently scanned in Plant, and Ter. as a monosyllable, though this is by no means always the case. This scansion is also found in Ennius, the Hiulus Mummianus (b.c. 146) and two or three times in Lucretius. Suus in good Latin from Plautus to Tacitus is often strengthened by the addition of the particles -met and -pk {suosmef, suopte, etc.) 1. His, her, its, or their own, very often with a notion of contrast to what belongs to someone else. This being its meaning, suus naturally refers as a rule to the logical subject of the sentence, though, as will be shown in a moment, no necessity was felt to adhere stricdy to this usage, and suus, while in the vast majority of cases referring to some word in the same sentence, may refer to either subject or object (direct or remote) according as the context requires. The word being used passim in Latin, it is only neces- sary to give such instances as may be fairly called typical. In oratio obliqua in good Latin suus may refer either to the main subject of the sentence or not, according as clearness requires: e. g. Cic. Verr. i, 124 itaqu£ ei Verves possessionem hereditatis negai se daturum, ne posset patronum suum proscriptum iuvare ; where suus refers to a different subject from se : so De Or. 2. 273 ut meminissei opera sua (of the speaker) se (of the person addressed) Tarentum recepisse; Caes. G. i. 36 si ipse populo Romano non prae- scriberet quemadmodum suo iure uteretur, non oportere sese a populo Romano in suo iure impediri; i. 5 persuadent Rauracis et Tulingis . . . uti . . . oppidis suis (those of the Rauraci and Tulingi) vicisque exusiis una cum iis proficiscerentur, and so often in Caes. Of suus referring to the logical subject of the sentence it is unnecessary to give any instances. It may also be used, (i) where the sentence might easily be rewritten so as to make suus refer to the logical subject, as for instance by turning an active clause into a passive, or vice versa, or an impersonal into a personal : Naevius Com. no eum suus paler . . . abduxit ( = abductus est a suo patre) ; Plant. Cist. I. I. 102 ei nunc alia ducendast uxor, sua cognata ( = aliam ducere debet, suam cognatam) ; so Men. Prol. 19 ita forma simili . . . ut mater sua non internosse posset; Stich. 133 R suos rex reginae placet ( = regina suo rege delectatur) ; Corn. Her. 4. 2 (pportet) ilia relinquere et ad sua devenire (= one's own: where the sentence might have been expressed by debet instead of oportet); Cic. Inv. i. 30 omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae; Off. i. r39 habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum ; TuU. 50 qui ne hoc quidem permiserint, ut domi suae caput suum . . . defender e liceret; Verr. 3. 169 quanto est honestius alienis iniuriis quam sua com- Suus. 595 moveri; Cat. 3. 27 si ceteris facia sua rede prosunt; Sest. 142 hunc sui cives e civitate eiecerunt; Fin. 5. 25 sua cuiusque ammanlis natura est ; Plane, ii cut non magistri sui atque doctores, cm non locus ipse . . .in mente versaiurl In v. 2. 52 hunc pater suus . . . de iemplo deduxit; Fin. 5. 26 scientiam autem mam cuiusque artis esse; Har. Resp. 5 etiam sua emtio risit hominem ; Verr. Act. i. 35 sunt homines quos libidinis in/amiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat; De Or. 2. 165 aut aliud consilium instituendum aut suas ponte facien- dum ; 333 sapientis est consilium explicare suum de rebus maximis; Liv. 10. 7. 7 iam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebeios paenitere \ 23. 7. 2 ut suae leges, sui magistratus Capuae essent; Sen. Ben. 4. 29. 2 sed tamen vilitas sua illis . . . detrahit pretium; Clem. i. 18. 2 quis non Vedium Pollionem peius oderat quam servi sui} luv. 7. 213 sed Rufum atque alios caeditsua quemque iuventus; and %o passim in Latin. (2) Where it refers to a substantive in an oblique case ; in other words, to the immediate or remoter object of the sentence. (a) After a verb in the first person : Plaut. Poen. 1083 R suavi rem sibi salvam sistam ; ib. 486 earn necabam ego ilico Per cerebrum pinna sua sibi quasi turturem ; Pseud. 234 R mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem; Trin. 315 neu suum adimerem alteri; Ter. Ad. 958 suo sibi gladio hunc iugulo; Cic. Tusc. i. 41 Dicaearchum vero cum Aristoxeno aequali et condiscipulo suo . . . omittamus ; Cic. Att. 6. 2. 7 non destiti rogare et peter e mea causa, suadere et hortari sua; Liv. 39. 37. 7 ego antiquas Lacedaemoniis leges tyrannos ademisse arbitror, nos non suas ademisse, quas non habebant, sed nostras leges dedisse. (b) After a verb in the second person : Cato R. R. 33. 5 salictum suo tempore caedito ; 21. 3 eas inter sese configito ; 48. i suum quidquid genus talearum serito ; Cic. De Orat. 3. 126 oratorem educere ausus es et in maiorum suorum regno collo- care; Verr. 5. 128 totum enim tua libidine et scelere ex sua patria . . . sustulisti; Div. Caec. 21 cur iis persequendi iuris sui . . adimis potestatem; Verg. A. 6. 152 sedibus hunc refer ante suis ; Liv. 22. 39. 21 neque suam occasionem hosti des. (c) After a verb in the third person : in Cic. De Or. 3. 8 and Verg. G. 4. 190, A. 10. 512 not referring to any word in the sentence at all ; Plaut. Amph. 194 Viregi . . . regnum stabilivit suum ; 269 telo suo sibi hunc pellere; Cic. Cat. I. 32 desinant insidiari domi suae (at his own house) consuli; so Sail. Cat. 28. i introire ad Ciceronem atque improviso domi suae imparatum confodere; Caes. G. i. 45 cum {senatus) Gallos suis legibus uti voluisset; C. 3. 24 unam ex his quadriremem cum remigibus defensoribusque suis (its own) ceperunt; Cic. Verr. i. 59 Q q a 596 SUTIS. deorum simulacra ex mis fanis sublata (their own) in for venera- hantur; 3. 59 satisne vobis praetori improbo circumdati cancelli videntur in sua provincial Man. 23 diffidentemgue rebus suis (his own) confirmabat; De Or. 3. 8 is annus eius omnia viiae consilia morte praeveriit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc. ; N. D. 2. 123 tantam ingenuit animantibus conservandi sui naiura potesiatem; 3. 38 quae suum cuique disiribuii ; and often thus with quisque; Caes. G. 3. 6 neque sui colligendi hostibus facuUatem relin- quunt; 3. 19 ut quam minimum spatii ad se colligendos armandosque Romanis daretur; C. i. 46 reliquos sese convertere cogit ; Verg. A. 10. 512 certior auctor Advolat Aeneae, tenui discrimine leti Esse suos ; 1 1. 241 responsa reposcit Ordine cuncta suo ; E. 7. 54 strata iacent passim sua quaeque sub arbore poma; G. 4. i()0 /essosque sopor suus occupat artus ; A. 6. 233 sepulchrum Consiituit, suaque arma viro remumque tubamque; 9. 273 captivosque dabit suaque omnibus arma; Ov. Fast. 4. 459 utvitulo mugit sua mater ab ubere rapto ; Liv. 2. 40. 11 neque inviderunt mulieribus laude sua (i.e. mulierum) ; 2. 13. 8 {Cloeliani) intaciam inviolatamque ad suos remissurum ; 2. 35. 6 benigniusque in dies colebant, quo maior ira (eius) in suos eminebat; 3. 4. 4 ea multitudo . . . sua sponte iam infidos colonos Romanis abalienavit ; 3. 28. I iubet . . . milites cum armis valloque redire in or dines suos; 6. 15. 12 retn suapte naiura facilem difficilem interrogatio facit; 39. 55. 3 quod vero etiam sua (iis) reddiderint, etc. ; Sen. Controv. 9. 24. 13 (p. 249 Bursian) eum Sallustius vicit et in suis eum castris cecidit; Tac. H. i. 22 {Othoni) avido talium, si auderet, ut sua ostentantes, quiescenti ut aliena exprobrabat. 2. Special meanings. (a) In one's own power, one's own master : Plaut. Pers. 472 R mea ancilla quae fuit, sua nunc est; Cic. Fin. 4. 10 poterit semper . . . esse in disputando suus ; Varro L. L. 7. 105 quod obligatur nee suum fit; Ov. M. 8. 35 vix sua, vix compos . . . Mentis erat; Sen. Ep. 75. 18 inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri. (b) Favourable to a person : Cic. Mil. 89 Milone occiso kabuisset suos consules; Verg. A. 5. S^2ferunt sua Jiamina classem; Hor. Epod. 9, 30 ventis iturus non suis (i.e. unfavourable); Liv. 43. 41. 11 vento aestuque suo; Sen. Ep. 71. 3 dubitanti . . . nullus suus ventus est. (c) Poetically, of what one loves or desires: Verg. G. 4. 22 vere suo ; I ^ofessosque sopor suus occupat artus. (d) Of opportunity or place, favourable, suitable, proper : Plaut. Rud. Prol. 4 qui tempore exoritur suo; Ter. Hec. 531 quae tempore suo pepererit; Sail. I. 61. I neque lugurtham nisi insidiis aut suo loco pugnam facere; Caes. C. i. 61 suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere; Cic. T — T6mero. 597 Brut. 4 suo magis qtiam suorum civium tempore, and so often. (e) In Law, sui heredes or a man's own heirs were his children, real or adopted, surviving or posthumous, his wife, and his daughter- in-law : Ulpi^n. 22.14 foil. The expression seems to be as old as the XII Tables, 5. 4 (Bruns) cui sum heres nee escit; luv. lo. 236 nam codice saevo Heredes vetat esse suos. (f) Sui iuris esse, to be in one's own power, is used in the Dig. of other than the third person: Dig. 46. 2. 20 sui iuris sumus (in our own power). (g) In late Latin suus loses its distinctive force (' his own '), and comes to be used as equivalent to eius ; e. g. Cypr. Epist. 58. 4 sufficit ad testimonium martyrii sui testis ilk, etc.; 17. 2 nee episcopo honor em sacerdotii sui reservantes ; Victor Vit. 3. 26 mundum cum suis desi- deriis contemnebat ; Vulg. Luc. i. 51 dispersit superbos mente cordis sui. T. For the position of the vocal organs in pronouncing T see under D, and add Martianus Capella 3. 261 t appulsu linguae dentibusque impulsis extruditur. Before ?, if the i was followed by a vowel (as in etiam) the later pronunciation of Latin turned ti and di into tsi in Latin, not in foreign words: Serv. G. 2. 216 'Media' : di sine sibilo prefer enda est, Graecum enim nomen est, et Media provincia est : so Consent, p. 395 K, Papirius ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 7. p. 216, Pom- peius pp. 104 foil., 286 foil. On the other hand Serv. on Don. p. 445 lays down that in such cases di and ti are to be pronounced strictly as written. Servius here in all probability preserves the tradition of classical times. (See Seelmann, Die Aussprache des Latein p. 320 foil.) T as an abbreviation may stand for Titus, Tampiana, Tellus, Threx, tabula, testamenlum and its cases, tiro, titulus and its cases, turma, taurus, terra, ture, tribunicia, tibi, te. Taedium. = XuTTij, trouble: Itala 3 Esdr. 3. 20 oblivisci facit omne taedium; Marc. 14. 6 quid illi taedium facitis ? (Ronsch S. B. p. 69). Tamen, -inis, subst. n., := subtemen : Anon. De Idiom. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 584 hoc tamen, hoc subtemen, poSavr). (The form given by the Naples MS., tramen, is perhaps right. Tramen would no doubt be connected with trama.) Tarditas, = the late season : Rufin. Int. los. Antiqq. 5. 6 diebus iam tarditas accedebat (Ronsch S. B. p. 69). Temero, -as. Though the lexx. rightly explain temere as the loo. or abl. of a lost word temus (Sanskrit tdmas) = darkness (so ' in 598 . Templum. the dark'), it has not apparently been seen that temerare must originally mean to blacken, darken, and thus to violate or defile. Templum, -i, subst. n. A square space or region marked out in the sky or on the earth by the augures, in which to look for signs. A iemplum, when on the earth, is not synonymous with aedes sacra, although it often happened that an aedes sacra was also a iemplum. The iemplum is only the space, not the building : and again even the space is not sacrum until it has been consecrated by the ponii- fices. On the other hand a building may be sacra and yet not a iemplum. Of the iemplum marked out in the sky and on the earth by the augures Varro says (L. L. 7. 7) eius (caelesiis iempli) paries quaiiuor dtcuniur, sinistra ab orienie, dexira ab occasu, aniica ad meridiem, posiica ad sepienirionem. In ierris dicium iemplum locus augurii aut auspicii causa quibusdam concepiis verbis finiius. The limits of the terrestrial iemplum were marked out by posts or other- wise : Paul. p. ig7- M ' iemplum ' esi locus iia effaius aui iia saepius ui ex una parie paieai, angulosque habeai adfixos ad ierram ; Serv. A. 4. 200 . . . palis aui hasiis aut aliqua iali re, ei lineis aut loris aut simili re saepium esi. For the mode in which the augures marked out the celestial and terrestrial iempla comp. further Liv. I. 18, Fest. p. 220, Serv. A. i. 92, 6. 191, Isid. Or. 15. 4. 7. A terrestrial templum might either be sacrum or not. All senaius con- sulta, in order to be legal, had to be passed in a iemplum, which however might be not sacrum but pro/anum; Varro ap. Gell. 14. 7. 7 docuit confirmavitque nisi in loco per augures consiituto, quod iemplum appellareiur, senaius consultum factum essei, iustum id non fuisse. Propierea ei in curia Hosiilia ei in Pompeia ei post in lulia, cum prof ana ea loca fuisseni, iempla esse per augures consiiiuia, ui in iis senaius consulta more maiorum iusta fieri posseni. Inter quae id quoque scriptum reliquii, non omnes aedes sacras iempla esse, ac ne aedem quidem Vesiae templum esse: so also Varro L. L. 7. 10 ; Serv. A. 7. 153, ib. I. 446 erant . . . iempla in quibus auspicate ei publica res administratur ei senaius haberi possii, erani iantum sacra : comp. Serv. A. 4. 200. The usages of the word are as follows. 1. A region in general, space ; so with gen. of definition, an abode : Plant. Rud. 909 R ex suis templis (of Neptune); Mil. 413 Rib. locis Nepiuniis iemplisque iurbulentis ; Enn. quoted by Varro L. L. 7. 6 O magna iempla caelitum, commixia stellis splendidis : scrupea saxa, Bacchi iempla ; Acherusia iempla: templum magnum lovis aliitonaniis ; Ter. Eun. 590 at quem deum I qui iempla caeli summa Tenacitas — Teneo. 599 sonitu concutit. Lucr. often uses it in this sense: i. 120 Acherusia templa; 4. 624 umida linguai circum sudantia templa; 5. 103 in pectus iemplaque mentis ; 5. 948 silvestria templa Nympharum ; 5. 1 188 deum sedes et templa; 1436 mundi; 6. 285 al.; Cic. Mil. 90 curia, templum sanctitatis, amplitudinis, mentis, consilii publici; and elsewhere in Cic. in the sense of space, region. 2. A place consecrated by the augurs, whether for public business or public worship: Cic. Vatin. 24 in rostris, in illo, inquam, augur ato templo et loco; Legg. 2. 21 templa liber ata et effata hahento; Varro L. L. 6. 53 effari dicuntur templa ah auguribus; Verg. A. 7. 174 hoc illis curia templum, etc. (comp. A. i. 504); Liv. 8. 13. 12 rostraque id templum appellatum; 23. 10. 5 egressus curia in templo magistratuum consedit; Vitruv. 8. pr. 4 ad templum aedemque; Ov. M. 15. 800 strictique feruntur In templum gladii, neque enim locus ullus in urbe Ad f acinus diramque placet nisi curia caedem; Vitruv. 4. i. 5 deorum immortalium templa constituentes coeperunt fana aedificare. 3. In literature, as by Cic, Verg., Hor., Vitruv., etc., templum is often used loosely as synonymous ^I'Csxfanum and aedes sacra in the sense of temple, sacred building. Varro L. L. 7. 10 observes that aedes sacra and templum were often confused in current language and ideas. 4. Templum sometimes (from its meaning a line of division) stands for a cross-beam : Fest. p. 367 tignum quod in aedificio transversum ponitur; so Vitruv. 4. 2. i supra cantherios templa, deinde insuper sub tegulas asseres; so ib. 5, 4. 7. 5. [Vani- cek connects templum with ten- = stretch : Fick with tap- (tep-or, tep-idus, etc.), warm. But the most natural course is with Nissan to derive it from tern-, to divide. The idea of division suits all the usages, and notably (4). Templum then may stand for tem-lum, and be related to tern- as exemplum to exim-. On the whole subject see Nissen's work. Das Templum, and Marquardt, Rom. Staatsverwal- tung 3. p. 385.] Tenacitas in the moral sense, tenacity, power of endurance : Cypr. De Bono Pat. i^/undamentum pads tenacitas ac firmitas uni- tatis (Ronsch S. B. p. 69). Teneo. The original meaning of this verb is in all probability the intransitive one, to extend, continue (see Lewis and Short s. v. teneo B). This force is clearly seen in the compounds attineo, per- tineo, contineo, and brings the word into direct relation with tenor and tenus (as a noun = a thing stretched, a string, a snare ; as a preposition = along the extent of). 6oo Tergbellum — Tonsura. Terebellum, a gimlet : Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 1 70 ' /ur/uraculum ' terebellum. Teste, -onis = testiculus : Serv. G. i. 58 : add Gloss, ap. Lowe Glossae Nominum p. 170. Teucriades, nom. pi. -ae, patronymic of Teucer : Serv. A. 3. 354- Tignuarlus, a maker of beams : C. L L. 5. \z\(>faber tignua- rius (Brixia) ; 9. 2213 (Telesia) ; 2339 (AUifae). Tilinus, adj. (tilia), of linden wood: Gloss. Hild. '■ tilinum' philyrinum. Tippula, -ae, subst. f., a water-fly : Paul. p. 366 M 'itppula ' hes- tiolae genus sex pedes hahentis, sed iantae levitatis ut super aquam currens non desidat; Gloss, ap. Lowe Prodr. Gloss, p. 289 'tippula^ vermis aquarius. Plaut. Pers. 244 R nequ£ tippulae pondus leviust quam fides lenonia; Plaut. fragm. ap. Non. p. 180 leviores quam tippula ; Varro Bimarcus ib. ut levis tippula lymphon frigidos transit lacus; Arnob. 2. ^g'sanguisugae, tippulae. (It is clear that Ritschl is wrong in Plaut. Pers. 1. c. in reading neque tippulai, the second syllable being long in the passage from Varro, and the order of the line from Plautus as given by Paulus coinciding with this scan- sion, n^que tipptilae, etc.) Titiilus, in the sense of a statue or tomb-stone or pillar : Itala Exod. 23. 24 center es titulos illorum ('pillars,' the English Re- vised Version), and often in the Itala and later Latin (Ronsch S. B. p. 71). Titus, a common Roman praenomen, meaning, apparently, a wild pigeon: Schol. Pers. i. 20 ' tiii' columbae sunt agrestes. (In Varro L. L. 5. 85 sodales Titii dicti ah Titiis avibus, the words ah Titiis avibus were inserted by Laetus.) Since this was written Biicheler, in the Archiv 2. p. 508, compares the Sardinian tidu, tidone, or tudone, = columbaccio, palombo ; and Photius Lex. p. 592 Person, Tin's, Ppa)(ii opviBwv. T6nitralis, adj., thunderous, or the home of thunder : given by the MSS. of Lucr. 2. 1105 caeli tonitralia templa: a.ltered by edd. to penetralia. But perhaps tonitralia may be right, being derived from a lost form tonitrum in the second declension. Gloss. Cyrill. give PpovToios tonitrabilis : perhaps for tonitralis. Tonsura = hair cut off: Rufin. Int. loseph. Antiqq. 7. 8 erat tonsurae eius [Absalom) pondus siclorum ducentorum (Ronsch S. B. p. 71). Torquis — Tractatus. 6oi Torquis ^ the yoke of a beast of burden, = kXoios : perhaps in Verg. G. 3. 168 tpsis e torquibus aptos lunge pares, where however the commentators usually take torquibus as identical with the tenues de vimine circlos of the preceding line. Itala Ezech. 34. 27 dum contero torquem; Vulg. Sirac. 6. 25, 30; Int. Iren. 5. 25. 4, and elsewhere in late Latin. (Ronsch S. B. p. 71.) Tossilla or tosilla, -ae, sometimes as in Plin. Val. 16. p. 29 (Rose) spelt tussilla. This word is given in the dictionaries as tonsilla : but the Munich MS. of Paul. p. 224 s.v. prumnesius palus gives tosillam, and so also in Fest. p. 356 ; in Cic. N. D. 2. 135 the MSS. give tosiUas; in Isid. Or. 11. i. 57 either toxillas (= tossillas), taxellas, or tusillas. Again Fest. p. 356 and Isid. 11. i. 57 say that tosilla is the dim of tales : it is difiBcult to see how this view could have been held had tonsilla been generally recognised as the right form. 1. A stake set up on the shore for fastening boats: Fest. p. 356 M tonsillam Q tossillani) ait esse Verrius palum dolatum in acumen et cuspide praeferratum . . . quern configi in litore navis religandae causa; he illustrates it from Pacuvius and Accius; see also Paul, p. 226 who says tosilla =■ prumrusius palus; Isid. Or. 19. 2. 14 'ton- silla' uncinus ferreus vel ligneus, ad quern in litore defixum funes navium inligantur. De quo Ennius 'tonsillas rapiunt, configunt litus^ (In Lucil. ap. Non. p. 235 tonsillas has been introduced by conj. for cotisellas, which probably = 'benches.') 2. Tossillae or tonsillae, the tonsils of the throat, or swellings on each side of the uvula: Cic. N. D. 2. 135 tosillas; Fest. p. 356; Cels. 6. 10, 7. 12. 2; Plin. II. 175; Isid. Or. 11. i. 57 (where the Oriel MS. has taxellae). [If tossilla be the right form, it will stand to tales nearly as quasillum to qudlus ; tales = tos-les ; and thus there would be some justification for saying that tosilla was the dim. of tales. The base may be tas- or tor- which occurs also in tor-us and perhaps tur-geo, and means to swell. It is difiBcult to see how tonsilla (dim. of tansa from tondeo) could get the meanings which it is supposed to bear. But supposing a base tos- = rise or swell, we should get tos-lis or talis, and tas-illa meaning a projection, swelling. If toxilla or taxella be the right form, then tales will stand to ioxilla as mala, palus, talus to maxilla, paxillus, taxillus.^ Trachalio, n. p. m. in the Rudens of Plautus, probably = Tpaxn\as, Thick-neck. Tractatiis, -us, in the sense of an act or proceeding : Rufin. Int. loseph. Antiqq. 12. 12 super omnes alios bellicos tractatus (= arpaTri- yriluiTd). (Ronsch S. B. p. 71.) 6o2 Tracto — V. Tracto, -as. 1. In the language of rhetoric, etc., with ace. and inf., to argue, plead (?) ; introduce a consideration (?) : Seneca Contr. I. 2. i6 (p. 74 Bursian) tractavit impuram esse quae, etc.; ib. I. 5. 8 (p. 91 Burs.) hie tractavit, ne exemplum quidem utile esse, etc.; I. 7. 13 (p. 103 Burs.) coeperat hoc tractare, non debere, etc. 2. To consider, reflect (with interrogative clause or ace. and inf.) : Ti. Donatus on Aen. often : e. g. 7. 312 fractal in quo obesse Troianis inferri possenl; 8. 398 tractat poeta fatorum vim quidem non posse subverti. Trahere tempus. The meaning of this phrase seems to be to spend or bring to a close a time allotted: Sail. I. 27. i iurgiis trahendo tempus (consuming the allotted time) ; Script. Bell. Alex. 38 Pharnaces victor iae loco ducebat, si trahere tempus posset; Verg. A. I. 748 vario noctem sermone trahebat Jnfelix Dido ; 6. 537 etfors omne datum traherent per talia tempus. Transf iguratio, t. t. of Grammar, a mode of inflection : Diom. p. 343 K per aliam transfigurationem haec verba quidam declinare consuerunt, ut ' pallesco pallefactus sum.' Travius, Travia, nomina: C. I. L. 5. 3779, 3780 (Verona); 4679 (Brixia). Travius is read by Porphyr. and MS. F in Hor. 2. S. 2. 95, where other MSS. have Trausius : the latter name is found three times in C. I. L. 8 (Africa), and in the form Trosius often in C. I. L. 5 (N. Italy). Tricodatus, divided into three : Gloss, Philox. tricodatum TpiTOfiov. Probably from a lost word caud-are, to divide into pieces ; comp. caud-ex, cut wood ; caud-a perhaps = a strip or thing cut out, caussa (q. v.) a cutting or decision : cUd-ere to cut. Trumen, glossed as=.Tpvxos, a worn-out garment, Gloss. Philox. Tucca, sauce : Gloss. Philox. tucca Karaxvim fa^iou. Hence tuccetum. Turrus. This old Italian name should probably be restored to Verg. A. 7. 485 al. (for Tyrrhus of the MSS.) from Charis. p. 178 K. It is the original from which the common name Turranius is de- rived. U or V. In pronouncing u Nigidius Figulus (ap. Gell. 10. 4. 4), speaking of the enunciation of the word vos, says labeas sensim primores emovemus; Terent. Maurus p. 329 IL productius autem coeuntibus labellis Naiura soni pressior altius meabit; Mar. Vict. p. 33 K « Vadus. 603 producHs et coeunlibus Idbris efferemus] Mart. Cap. 3. 261 u ore constricto labrisque prominulis exhibeiur. When u preceded avowal, it was described as becoming consonantal (so all the grammarians) ; in other words, it was pronounced something like the English w. When u preceded u (as in quum, equus, servus) the Romans in the republican age were in favour of writing uo or a single u, uu not coming into fashion until about the Augustan age. Quintilian however (r. 7. 26) says expressly that neither uu nor uo represented the exact sound ; and the same may be inferred from Mar. Vict. p. 13 K, Velius Longus p. 58 K, who say that the ancients wrote vo but did not pronounce it. Again in superlatives (e. g. optimus, maximus, etc.) and in decuma, existumo, lacruma, mancupium, aucupium, manubiae, manuprettum, lubido, the u when written (as it was said to be until lulius Caesar set the fashion of writing with i) did not represent a full u, but a sound intermediate between u and i: Quint, i. 7. 21, Velius Longus pp. 50, 67 K. This sound Marius Victorinus (pp. 19-20 K) says was that of the Greek v (= Latin j;). Consentius p. 395 K warns against pronouncing u before a vowel so broadly as (say) to make vent a trisyllable : u quoque lilteram aliqui pinguius efferunt, ut cum dicunt ' vent,' pules trisyllabum tn- ctpere. As an abbreviation, V may stand for Valerius, Valeria, Vibius, Ulpia, Vienna, vices, vice, vir and its cases ; verba, viator, voium, urbs, virgo, victrix, vivus, utere, vicit, vixit, ubi. Vadus. 1. As adj., fordable : Mela 2. 81 (Parthey) Alax . . . exiguus vadusque est. 2. As subst. m., perhaps for vadzts amnis, shallow or fordable water, a shallow (see Nonius p. 231): Varro De ora maritima I (ap. Serv. A. i. 112) si db aqua sumnia non alte est terra, dicilur vadus; Sail. Hist. i. 68 (ap. Non. 1. c.) haud/acilem pugnantibus vadum ; Fronto ad M. Caes. p. 51 (Naber) ne fluctus, ne vadus, ne piscis aliquo noxsit. 3. Subst. n. vadum, -i. (a) Properly speaking, a place where one can walk : hence the proverbial expression in vado esse, to be on firm ground, in one's depth: Plaut. Rud. 170 R a/ in vadost : iam facile enabit ; Aul. 803 R in vado salulis ; Ter. And. 845 omnis res iam in vado, where Donatus says the phrase = in tuto. (b) The bottom of the sea or any body of water; often in pi.: Lucr. 5. 1232 ad vada leti (the pit of death); i. 200 qui pontum per vada possent Transire; Verg. A. i. 126 imis Siagna re/usa vadis; 9. 713 peni- iusque vadis inlisa recumbit; Hor. Epod. 16. 26 simul imis saxa renarint Vadis levala; Liv. 26. 45. 8 adeo nudaverat vada ut, etc.; Ov. M. I. 370 Cephisidos undas . . . vada nota secantes; F. 4. 300 6o4 Vagax — Vas. sedit limosopressa carina vado ; Plin. 32. 59 «^«' sol penetret in vada ; Culex 104 ima . . . ad vada lymphae. (e) Of the channel of a river : Verg. A. 7. 2^2 fontis vada sacra Numici; Ov. M. 3. 19 vada Cephisi. (d) A place where water can be crossed on foot, a passage, ford: so very common in sing, and pi. Caes. several times \xis,flumen vado transire : so Sail. H. 2. 62 equHes vado trans- misil; Caes. C. i. 61 ut vadum in eo flumine efficeret; G. 5. 58 in ipso fiuminis vado; i. 8 vadis Rhodani; 7. 19 omnia vada . . . ac saltus eius paludis ; and so often elsewhere ; Ov. M. 9. 108 scitusque vadorum; Liv. 38. 18. 7 quia vado nusquam iransitus erat; Tac. A. 12. 33 amnis incerto vado. (e) Of the sea, the shallow water near the shore ; in this connexion vada may sometimes be trans- lated shore, oftener shallows : so mostly in pi. : Ace. 687 mysiica dd dextram vada Praetervecti ; Cic. Gael. 51 emersisse e vadis et scopulos praetervecta esse or alio videiur ; Caes. G. 3. 9 vada, portus, insulas; 3. 13 vada ac decessum aestus excipere; CatuU. 63. 47 ad vada (the shore) ; Verg. A. i. 536 in vada caeca ; 3. 706 vada dura lego saxis Lilybeia caecis ; 7. 2^ praeter vadafervida vexit; 11.628 (unda) liius . . . vado labenie reliquit (shallow water), and often elsewhere in Verg.; Gels. 2. 18 levior (piscis) qui in alto quam qui in vado vixit. {{) Poetically, of the sea or a river as a highway (this seems to be the leading idea in the following passages) : Cic. Aratea (quoted Orat. 152) in vada ponti; CatuU. 64. 6 vada salsa . . . decurrere; Verg. A. 5. 158 longa sulcant vada salsa carina; 5. 615 heu tot vada fessis Et tantum super esse maris (so many journeyings) ; 6. 320 illae remis vada livida verrunt ; 7. 198 tot per vada caerula; Hor. i. C. 3. 24 non tangenda rates transiliunt vada. (g) So generally of the waters of the sea : Catull. 64.58 pellit vada remis; Verg. A. 9. 670 nimbi In vada praecipitant; 10. 208 spu- mant vada marmore verso. (From the same base as vdd-o, to go : the original idea being of a place where one can walk.) Vagax, -aeis, adj., wandering: Hor. 3. G. 14. 9 Spartacum . . . vagacem : so, not vagantem, according to lulius Romanus ap. Charis. p. 66 K. The MSB. reading vagantem may be a gloss. There is a similar variation in the MSS. of Verg. G. 3. 77 between minantes and minaces. Vas, vadis, subst. m., a person who promises, binding himself by the deposit of a sum of money, to appear in court instead of the prisoner, in case the latter should fail to appear : one who goes bail. Praes on the other hand (q. v.) is a security for the payment of money: Varro L. L. 6. 74 '■vas' appellatus qui pro altero vadi- Vascus — Vatilliim. 605 monium promittelat. Consuetudo enim erat cum reus parum esset idoneus incepHs rebus (?), ut pro se alium daret, a quo caveri postea lege coeptum est ab Us qui praedia vender ent, vades ne darent : ah eo scribi coeptum in lege mancipiorum, ' vadem ne poscerent, nee dabitur; Paul. p. 377 M 'vadem ' sponsor em significat datum in re capitali. The clearest account of the proceeding is perhaps that ofLiv. 3. 13. 6 sisti reum (the prisoner to be bound over to appear) pecuniamque nisi sistatur populo promitti placere pronuntiant. Summam pecuniae quantam aeguum esset pronuntiari veniebat in dubium ; id ad senatum rdcitur . . . Vades dari placuit ; unum vadem tribus milibus aeris obligaverunt ; quot darentur permissum tribunis est. Decern fini- erunt: tot vadibus accusator vadatus est reum. Hie primus vades populo dedit. Plant. Pers. 289 R utinam vades desint, in carcere ut sis; Cic. Off. 3. 45 vas /actus est alter eius sistendi (lit. was made bail for causing the other to appear, was made bail for his appear- ance) ut si ille nan revertisset ad diem, moriendum esset ipsi; Tusc. 5. 63 quorum cum alterum vadem mortis accepisset, alter ut vadem suum liber ar et praesto fuit ad horam morti destinatam; Fin. 2. 79 vadem te ad mortem tyranno dabis pro amico ? Liv. 39. 41. 7 multos qui aut citati non adfuerant aut vades deseruerant ; Hor. i. S. i. 11 datis vadibus qui rure extractus in urbem est. Gell. 16. 10. 8 says that the words vades and subvades were obsolete in his day. Met., Curt. 9. 2. 10 (25) vestram virtutem rerum quas gesturus sum vadem praedemque habeo. VascTis, -a, -um, according to Placidus on Stat. Theb. 6. 847 = varus or knock-kneed : varum . . . quos vulgo vascos vocant. The word seems to mean slanting, or out of the perpendicular : for vasca tibia (Solinus 5. 19) is defined by Serv. A. 11. 737 as = TrXayiauXos, a flute with the mouth-piece in the centre, and therefore blown into from the side. Comp. Gloss. Philox. vasca (i. e. vasca tibia) iieXrjTiKos avXos. (Base va- in va-rus, va-tius, va-cillo.) Vatillum, -i, subst. n. (Caper De Verbis Dubiis p. 112 K vatillum hoc), a small vessel: Comm. Cruq. Hor. i. S. 5. 36 ' vatillum ' deminutivum a vase, hoc est vas parvum. Est vas parvum in quo pro felici hospitum adventu incensis odoribus Jovi hospitali sacra fiebant . . . Est et vatillum in quo ponuntur prunae in hieme super mensam, ne cenafrigeat. Used for taking up dirt, etc.: Varro R. R. 3. 6. 5 itaque pastorem earum cum vatillo circumire oportet ac stercus tollere ac conservare. Used for holding fuel, coals, incense, etc.: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 277 ' batillum' (= vatillum) turi- bulum; Gloss. Philox. vatillum Ttvpifxiir) ; Hor. i. S. 5. 36 prunaeque 6o6 Ubertumbus — Verbena. vatillum; Plin. 33. 127 valillis ferrets candenttbus ; 34. 112 vatillum ferreum; Trebellius Pollio Claudius 14. 12 coctilium (of fuel) coH- diana vatilla quattuor ; Vulg. Num. 4. 14; Apic. 7. 295, 8. 406, according to the MSS.; elsewhere Schuch says that they give batillum. (The word should probably be read in Plant. Trin. 492, where the Ambros. has verum nos homunculi Satillum animai.) Ubertumbus, apparently epithet of a place outside the limits of a particular mine, whence the same ore can be procured: Lex Metalli Vipasc. (Eph. Epigr. 3 to p. 167) ex aliis locis uher- tumbis. Venialis, -S [venid) ; as t. t. of Rhetoric, venialis status means the assumption of an attitude of apology: Serv. A. 3. 615, 4. 333; Donat. on Ter. Hec. 3. 3. 22, Eugraphius on Ter. Phorm. 5. 8. i ; so Fortunat. 2. p. 105 (Halm, Rhet. Lat. Min.) venialis relatio; lul. Victor ib. p. 392 venialis status, adsumptio ; Donat. Ter. Hec. 2. 2. 28 venialis qualitas. Verbena, -ae, subst. f , a leaf, blade of grass, strip of herbage, foliage of any kind. The word is applied mainly, if not exclu- sively, to such as were used in religious ceremonies, being some- times worn or carried by the priests, sometimes burnt on the altars, sometimes fastened on the altars : Cels. 2. 33 says verbenarum folia . . . cuius generis sunt olea, cupressus, myrtus, lentiscus, tamarix, Itgtistrum, rosa, rubus, laurus, hedera, punicum malum ; Donatus on Ter. And. 726 'verbenae' quasi herbenae, redimicula sunt ararum . . . Verbenae sunt omnes herbae frondesque festae ad aras coronandas, vel omnes herbae frondesque ex aliquo loco puro decerptae. Plant. True. 480 R fer verbenam hue intus et bellaria (for burning in sacrifice); Ter. And. 726 ex ara hinc verbenas sume; Cic. Verr. 4. no sacerdotes cum infulis et verbenis; Verg. A. 12. 120 verbena tempora vincti; E. 8. 66 verbenasque adole pingues; Hor. i. C. 19. 14 ara castis Vincta verbenis; 4. C. 11. 7; Liv. i. 24. 6 verbena caput capillosque tangens; 30. 43. g privas verbenas; Ov. M. 7. 242 has {aras) ubi verbenis . . . cinxit; Plin. 15. 119 myrtea verbena . . . purgatos; 22. 5 non aliunde (i.e. ex herbis ignobilibus) sagmina in remediis puhlicis fuere et in sacris legationibusque verbenae ; Suet. Vesp. 7 in pi. [According to Pliny 22. 5, 'verbena' = gramen ex arce cum sua terra evulsum ; yet the passages quoted, especially those where the word is used in the pi., seem to imply that it meant a single leaf, shoot, or blade of grass. Serv. A. 12. 120 says ' ver- bena ' proprie est herba sacra, sumpta de loco sacro Capitolii, qua Verro — Vindicius. 607 coronabaniur fetiales et pater patratus foedera faciuri vel bella in- dicturi. Abusive tamen tarn vocamus omnes frondes sacratas, ut est laurus, oliva, vel myrtus. Terentius (1. c.) ' ex ara hinc verbenas sume' Nam myrtum fuisse Menandrus testatur, de quo Terentius transtulit. So Comm. Cruq. and Ps. Acron. Hor. i. C. 19. 15, and Serv. E. 8. 65, who derive it from vireo. It may indeed be connected with vir- of vireo. VaniSek refers it to vardh-, in- crease, grow. In any case, its nearest Latin cognate is verb-er, properly a shoot or twig.] Verro, -Is, -ere, verri, versum. Serv. A. i. 59 says perf. versi, but this is contradicted by Charis. and Prise. 1. To pull, drag: Nonius p. 420 ' verrere' est trahere; comp. Serv. A. i. 59 'verrere' est trahere, a rete quod verriculum diciiur; ib. i. 478 'versa' tracta; Ps. Acr. Hor. i. C. i. 10, 2. S. 3. 235; Dionied. p. 377 takes versa in Aen. i. 478 as Servius does. Plaut. True. 558 R domi quidquid habet verriiur %^a (conj. Camer. for neititur of MSS., vehitur Schoell)r Perhaps Verg. A. i. 478 versa pulvis inscribiiur hasta (see above); Hor. 2. S. 3. 235 /zj«j ex aequore verris (not vellis); Ov. M. 13. 961 caesariemque meam quam longa per aequora verro; ib. 492 canitiemque suam concreto in sanguine verrens ; 11. 499 cumfulvas ex imo verrit harenas. 2. = rapio, to carry off, take away, sweep off: Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 6. 3. 55 futurum ut omnia verreret Verres; Verg. A. i. 59 quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras; Hor. i. C. i. 10 quicquid de Libycis verritur areis (which Ps. Acr. explains as = coUigitur, trahitur); Ov. F. 2. 523 nam modo verrebant nigras pro farre fa- villas; Mart. 2. 37. I quicquid ponitur, hinc et inde verris. 3. To pull or to§s about, disturb, tear: Lucr. i. 279 (corpora caeca) Quae mare, quae terras, quae denique nubila caeli Verrunt, ac subito vexantia turbine raptant; so 5. 266, 388, 6. 624; CatuU. 64. 7 caerula verrentes . . . aequora; Verg. A. 8. 674 delphines . . . aequora verrebant caudis; 10. 208 spumant vada marmore verso; 5. 141 adductis spumant freta versa lacertis ; elsewhere he has caerula verrere; 6. 320 remis vada caerula verrunt; Ov. Am. 3. 8. 43 non freta demisso verrebant eruta vento; Ov. M. 10. 701 summae cauda verruntur harenae (or perhaps = are swept); Sil. 14. 262 retibus aequor Verrere; Luc. 5. 572 Cauri verrunt mare. 4. To sweep (of a floor or the like): Plaut. Pseud. 163 R vorsa sparsa structa strata; Merc. 397 R aedes verrat; Cic. Parad. 5. 37 qui verrunt, qui spargunt; Liv. 3. 7. 8 crinibus templa verrentes; 26. 9. 7 crinibus passis aras verrentes; so often in later Latin, e.g. luv. 14. 60 verre 6o8 Vindicius. pavimentum. [From the same base as in Greek oTrd-Fep-o-e, {J)i?-va>, O. H. G. verran — distrahere.] Vindicius, -a, -um, lost adj. of which the masc. only survives in a proper name (Liv. 2. 5. 10), from base vindic- (as e.g. exim-ius from exim-), meaning properly ' claimed '; only in fem. vindicia, pi. vindiciae, i. e. res vindicia, res vindiciae, 1. A thing or things claimed, so a thing or things in dispute. This is the definition of vin- diciae given by most of the ancient Roman authorities : Fest. p. 376 M ' vindiciae ' appellantur res eae de quibus controversia . . . De quo verho Cincius sic ait : ' vindiciae' olim dicehantur illae quae ex f undo sumptae in ius adlatae sunt. At Ser. Sulpicius . . . iam singulariter formatam ' vindiciam ' esse ait . . . qua de re controversia est, ab eo quod vindicatur ; Gaius 4. 16 litis et vindiciarum, id est rei et fruc- tuum; so 4. 94; Gell. 20. 10. 7 says nam de qua re disceptatur in iure in re praesenti, sive ager sive quid aliud est, cum adversaria simul manu prendere et in ea sollemnibus verbis vindicare, id est vindicia. The text is doubtful, but the general sense is probably the same. Perhaps the true reading is cum adversarius . . . pren- deret et . . . vindicaret, est vindicia. The usages of the word suit the explanation given by Festus and Gaius. Comp. Gloss. Philox. vindigestae (i. e. vindiciae res) to iv aixrpia-pijTrja-a npayfiara. Vindicias sumere is to take into court something (in the way of produce) from the estate : Cincius quoted by Festus as above, and Fest. p. 305 ii inter quos controversia est vindicias sumere iubentiir. Vindicias dare or dicere is properly to make over or assign the things in dispute to one or the other party, so met., to give a decision in case of a disputed title or claim; vindicias dare or dicere secundum aliquem, to decide the claim in his favour. Vindiciam or vindicias ferre, properly to carry off the thing or things in dispute, so to gain the case, get the decision in one's favour; v. amittere is the opposite of this; v. postulare, to ask for the thing, i. e. to demand a decision in one's favour ; Legg. xii. ap. Fest. p. 376 si vindiciam fats am tulit, stlitis et vindiciarum arbitros tres dato (if he has got a false decision in his favour) ; Cato ih. praetores secundum populum vindicias dicunt; Dig. i. 2. 2. 24 Verginius, qui cum animadvertisset Appium Claudium contra ius, quod ipse ex veteri iure in xii tabulis transtulerat, vindicias filiae suae a se abdixisse et secundum eum qui in servitutem ab eo suppositus petierat dixisse (had awarded the claim in case of his daughter away from himself and in favour of the claimant); Cic. Rep. 3. 44 cum vindicias amisisset ipsa libertas (had lost her case or claim) ; Ulterius — Ustirpo. 609 Liv. 3. 44. 5 neque cederet secundum liber tatem postulantibus vindicias ; 3. 44. 12 vindicias del secundum liberlatem. 2. Vindiciae in the sense of claim, i. e. act of claiming ; Cic. Mil. 74 iniustis vindiciis et sacramentis alienos fundos petere ; Liv. 3. 45. 11 si huius vin- diciis cesser it (the claim of Marcus). Neut. vindicium — the act of claiming: Script. De Id. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 584 vindicium iKSiKia. Ulterius tempiis, in Grammar, (1) of past time as expressed by the aorist, or remote time as expressed by the pluperfect : Cledon. p. 20 K duo tempora hahent ulterius tempus, ' lectus fui ante horam' etiam ' ante duos horas ' : ostendit retrorsum tempus, ' tectum tibi erat,' 'ledum tibi fuerat' ; so Prob. Inst. p. 162 K calls probatus fui \ht ulterior perfecta, probatus fueram the ulterior plusquam perfecta. (2) Of the future perfect passive : Prob. Inst. 1. c. calls probatus fuero the ulterius futurum. Unitus, in Grammar, of an indeclinable noun : Cledon. p. 44 K unita {Jhrma nominis) est quando omnes casus similes sibi sunt; as distinguished bom forma binaria, ternaria, etc., nouns with two, three cases, and so on. "Osiirpo, -as, to use in a wrong sense : Serv. A. 5. 145 ' carcere' usurpavit; G. 3. 64; also A. 7. 706, of an incorrect statement, usurpat hoc. Usurpativus in the corresponding sense is illustrated in the lexx. R r INDEX. A, the first letter of the alphabet, I. A, preposition, i. Aaha, 4. Abactivus, 4. Abactor, 4. Abactus ventris, 4. Abacus, 4. Abaddir, 4. Abaeto, 4. Abalienatio, 4. Abalieno, 4. Abalterutmin, 4. Ab ante, 4. Abarceo, £. Abandio, 5. Abblandior, 5. Abcaecatio, 5. Abdecet, 5. Abdo, 5. Abdomen, 5. Abduco, 5. Abducta, £. Abhinc, 5. Abicitale, 5. Abiectio, 5. Abiegnius, 5. Abigo, 5. Abiugasso, 5. Abiunctus, 5. Abiuro, 5. Ablaqueo, 6. Ablativus, 6. Ablegurigo, 6. AbnOrmitas, 6. Abnutivus, 6. Aboleo, 6. Abolitio iudicii, 7. Abominarium, 7- Abominium, 7. Abominosus, 7. Abortio, 7. Aborticius, 7. Abdrtns, 7. Abrepticius, 7. Abreptio, 7. Abrepto, 7. Abreptus, 7. Abscessio, 8. Abscondo, 8. Absconsio, 8. Absconsor, 8. Absectus, 8. Absedeo, 8. Absentio, 8. Absigno, 8. Absolubilis, 8. Absolvo, 8. Absolutio, 8. Absolutivus, 8. Absolutus, 8. Absorbitio, 10. Abstentatio, 10. Abstineo, 10. Abstirpo, 11. Abstollo, II. Abstrepitus, 11. Absum, II. Absurdus, 11. Abuccins, 12. Abudius, 12. AbuUius, 12. Abundabilis, 12. Abundantia, 12, Abureius, 12. Aburius, 12. Abumius, 12. Abursidius, 13. Aburtidius, 13. Abusio, 13. Abusivus, 13. Acalanthis, 13. Acca Larentia, 13. Accantito, 14. Accedo, 14. Acceia, 14. Accensns, 14. Accentio, 15. Accentus, 15. Acceptio, 16. Acceptor, 16. Acceres, 16. Accerso aitd Ar- cesso, 17. Accessa, 19. Accessibiliter, 19. Accessio, 19. Accido, 20. Aocipere sacra, 20. Acclinatio, 20. Acclinatorium, 20. Acco, 20. Accommodativus, 20. Accongero, 20. Accorporo, 20. Accubitaris, 20. Accubito, 20. Accubitor, 20. Accubitorium, 20. Accubitum, 20. Accurro, 21. Accusativus, 21. Accusso, 21. Acedia, 21. Acedior, 21. Acellasia, 21. Acellius, 21. Acephalus, 21. Acer, 21. Acer, 22. Aceratus, 25. Acerbas, 25. Acerbatio, 25. Aceruntia, 26. Acemsa, 26. Acervus, 26. Acetabulus, 26. Acetaferum, 26. Aceto, 26. Acetosus, 26. Acheron, 26. Achromos, 26. Acia, 26. Aciarium, 26. Acies, 26. Acisculus, 26. Aclys, 27. Acnua, 27. Acquiesce, 27- Acrifolius, 27. Acrivocis, 27. Acroama, 27. Acroasis, 38. Acropolistis, 28. Acroteleutium, 28. Actarius, 28. Actiensis, 28. Actio, 28. Actiosus, 30. Activitas, 30. Activus, 30. Actualis, 3a Actuarius, 30, Actus, 30. Acua, 32. Acuarius, 32. Acuius, 32, Acnla, 32. Aculeia, 32. Aculenus, 32. Acnme, 32, Acumen, 32. Acumis, 32. Acuo, 32. Acupediam, 33. Acupedius, 33. Acupictus, 33. Acus, 33. Acusius, 33. Acutela, 33. Acutiangulum, 33. Acuvia, 33. Ad, 33. Adagio, 33. Adamatorius, 34. Adasia, 34. Adangmen, 34. Addecet, 34. Addensatio, 34. Addeusator, 34. Addictio, 35. Additio, 35. Additivus, 35. Addo, 35. Addubitatio, 35. Adducibilis, 35. Adductor, 35. Rr 2 6ia INDEX. Addnctorinm, 35. Adductus, 35. Adelphasium, 36. Adeo (verb), 36. Adeps, 36. Adhabito, 36. Adhibeo, 36. Adhortativus, 38. Adhortatorius, 38. Adicio, 38. Adiectaraentum, 38. Adiecticius, 38. Adiectio, 39. Adiectivus, 39. Adingero, 39. Adinspiratio, 39. Adintellego, 39. Adinventio, 39. Adinvestigo, 40. Adiocor, 40. Adipatarius, 40. Adipiscor, 40. Adiuncticius, 40. Adiunctus, 40. Adiutormm, 41. Adintus, 41. Adiuvamenttim, 41 . Adiuvatio, 41. Admatertera, 41. Admemoratio, 41. Admen turn and am- mentum, 41. Admeo, 42. Adminiculatio, 42. Adminiculum, 42. Administro, 42. Admiratio, 43. Admirativus, 43. Admissio, 43. Admodum, 44. Admoenio, 45. Admolior, 45. Admonitiuncula, 45- Admoveo, 45. Adolefacio, 45. Addenda, 45. Adoleo, 45. Adoletum, 46. Adon, Adonis, 47. Adopertio, 47. Adoptulus, 47. Adoratio, 47. Adordinatio, 47. Adordior, 47. Adoreosus, 47. Adoreus, 47. Adoxus, 48. Adgatruus, 48. Adraster, 48. Adnimo, 48. Adsedus, 48. Adstator, 48. Adsuscipio, 48. Advecto, 48. Advectns, 48. Advenientia, 48. Adveno, 48. Adventatio, 48. Adventor, 48. Adventorius, 48. Adverbium, 48. Advergo, 48. Adversitas, 49. Adversus, adver- sum, 49. Advivo, 49. Adulter, 49. Adumbro, 50. Adunatrix, 51. Adunitio, 51. Advocatio, 51. Advocator, 51. Advocatus, 52. Adurius, 52. Aecitia, 52. Aedes, 52. Aedicula, 53. Aedilis, 53. Aedinius, 54. Aeditua, 54. Aeditualis, 54. Aedituens, 54. Aeditumor, 54. Aeditumus, aedi- tuus, 55. Aedius, 55. Aeeta, 56. Aegis, 56. Aegrimonium, 56. Aegripomium, 56. Aegror, 56. Aemidus, 56. Aemobolium, 57. Aemnlamentum,57, Aemulatio, 57. Aemulator, 57. Aemulatus, 58. Aemnlor, 58. Aeneator, 58. Aeneidomastix, 58. Aeneis, 58. Aenus, 58. Aepidia, 58. Aeppius, 58. Aeprius, 58. AequilocuB, 58. Aequisla, 58. Aequiternus, 58. Aequitina, 59. Aequitius, 59. Aequivocus, 59. Aequoma, 59. Aeraceus, 59. Aeracura, 59. Aeramen, 59. Aeramentum, 59. Aeranna, 59. Aerarius, 59. Aeronius, 60. Aerullius, 60. Aeruma, 60. Aerumna, 60. Aerumnula, 61. Aemmnus, 61. Aeruscator, 61. Aerusco, 61. Aes, 61. Aeschrionion, 63. Aeschrodora, 63. Aeschrologia, 63. Aeschyleus, 63. Aesculapius, 63. Aesculator, 63. Aesculnius, 63. Aesculor, 63. Aesculus, 63. Aesernia, 63. Aeserninus, 63. Aesemius, 64. Aesianus, 64. Aesius, 64. Aesqullius, 64. Aestas, 64. Aestifluus, 64. Aestimabilis, 64. Aestimatio, 64. Aestimatorius, 65. Aestimia, 65. Aestimium, 65. Aestimo, 65. Aestivum, 65. Aestuarium, 65. Aestuatio, 66. Aestuosus, 66. Aetas, 66. Aetemalis, 66. Aeternus, 66. Aether, 67. Aetiologia, 67. Aetoma, 67. Aetrilius, 68. Aetrius, 68. Aeveianius, 68. Aeveius, 68. Aevilonins, 68. ' Affabulatio, 68. Affatim, 68. Affectatio, 68. Affectio, 69. Affectivus, 69. Affectus, 69. Afferenda, 70. Affestino, 70. Afficio, 70. Afficticius, 73. Affictio, 73. Affigo, 73. Affingo, 74. Affirmatio, 74. Affirmativus, 74. Affirmator, 75. Affirmatus, 75. Affirmo, 75. Affixio, 76. Afflaticius, 76. Afflecto, 76. Afflictatio, 76. Afflictim, 76. Afflicto, 76. Afflictor, 77. Affligo, 77. Affluentia, 78. Affluitas, 78. Affluo, 78. Affluus, 79. Affurcillo, 80. Affusio, 80. Afidenus, 80. Afidius, 80. Afiedius, 80. Afilanus, 80. Afilius, 80. Afiillius, 80. Afinius, 80. Afistius, 80. Afluentia, 78. Afluo, 79. Afluxio, 80. Afrarius, 80. Afreius, 80. Africia, 80. Afronia, 81. Aganactesis, 81 Agathocles, 81. Agea, 81. Ageator, 81. Agedelicus, 81. Agedicum, 81. Agedillus, 81. Agellanius, 81. Agellarius, 81. Agellius, 81. Agellulus, 81. Ager, 81. Aggeniculatio, 83. INDEX. 613 Agger, 82. Aggereus, 84. Aggerins, 84. Aggero, -as, 84. Aggeio, -is, 85. Agglomero, 85. Aggonia, 85. Aggravatio, 85. Aggravo, 85. Aggrego, 86. Aggressio, 87. Aggninda, 87. Agguberno, 87, Agilis, 87. Agina, 87. Aginatius, 88. Aginator, 88. Aginor, 88. Agitativus, 88. Agitator, 88. Agitatoria, 88. Agitatus, 88. Agito, 88. Agma, 91. Agmen, 91. Agna I, 93. Agna II, 94, Agnalia, 94. Agnascor, 94. Agnatic, 94. Agniculus, 95. Agnitio, 95. Agnitor, 95. Agnomen, 95. Agnomentiim, 96. Agnominativns, 96. Agnos, 96. Agnoscibilis, 96. Agnotinus, 96. Agnua, 96. Agnulus, 96. Agnus, 96. Ago, 97. Agoga, 107. Agoge, 107. Agolum, 107. Agon, 107. Agonalis, 107. Agonensis, 107, Agonia I, 107. Agonia II, 107. Agonisticns, 107. Agonius, 108. Agonizor, 108. Agonothesia, 108. Agonotheta, 108. Agonotheticus, 108. Agoranomus, 108. Agradiensis, 108. Agralis, 108. Agranius, 108. Agiariensis, 108. Agrarius, 109. Agrasius, 109. Agredula, 109. Agrestinus, 109. Agrius, 109. Agricolor, 109. Agrifanus pagus, 109. Agrilius, no. Agrimensor, no. Agrlmensorius,! 10. Agrinius, no. Agrinus, no. Agripeta, no. Agrippa, no. Agrypnuntes, no. Aguius, no. Aguutum, no. Agusius, no. Ahahe, no. Aharna, no. Ahetia, no. Ahius, no. Aianius, no, Alanus, no. Aidius, in. Aiedius, ni. Aientia, in. Aienus, in. Aio, III. Aionius, in. Ala, III. Alabrum, III. Alacius, III. Alacrimonia, in. Alagabalus, in. Alamanni, in. Alamannia, m. Alamannicus, in. Alanus, in. Alapa, 112. Alapator, n2. Alapizo, 112. Alapor, 112. Alaterpae matres, 112. Alator, 112. Alatrium, 113, Alauda, 112. Alazon, 113. Albeius, 113. Albellius, 113. Albensis, 113. Albicapillus, 113. Albiccianus, 113. Albiccius, 113. Albicco, 113. Albienus, 113. Albillus, 113. Albingauni, Albin- gaunum, 113. Albintimilium, 113, Albinus, 114. Albipedius, 114. Albor, 114. Albula, 114. Albulae aequae, 114. Albuleus, 114. Albulus, 114. Albunea, 114. Albura, 114. Albumus I, 114. Alburaus II, 115. Albus, 115. Albutius, 115. Alces, 115. Alci, 115. Alcmaeon, 115. Alcman, 116. Alcmanicus, 116. Alcyon, 116. Alcyone, 116. Alcyoneum, 116, Alcyoneus, 116. Aidius, 116. Alea, 116. Aleatrix, 117. Aleber, 117. Aiedius, 117. Aleiius, 117. Alennius, 117. Alers, 117. Alituum, 117. Aletius, 117. Aletrinas, 117. Aletudo, 117. Aleus, 117. Alexander, 117. Alexandrea, 118. Alexandreus, 118. Alexandrianus, 118. Alexandrinus, 118. Alexio, 118. Alexis, 118. Alexius, 118. Alfadonius, 118. Alfatemi, 118. Alfedia, 118. Alfellani, 118. Alfenatia, n8. Alfenius, 119. Alfenus, 119. Alfiania, 119. Alficius, 119. Alfidenas, 119. Alfidius, 119. Alfinus, 119. Alfius, 119. Alfucins, ng. Algeo, 119. Algesco, ng. Alia, AUia, 119. Alianus, 119. Alica, 119. Alicarius, 120. Alicia, 120. Alice, 120. Alicula, 120. Alidensis, 120. Alienator, 120. Alienatus, 120. Alieniloquium, 121. Alienius, 121. Alieno, 121. Aliensis, 122. Alienus, 122. Alifae, 123. Alimentum, 123. Alimones, 124. Alinna, 124. Alionius, 124. Alioqui, 124. Alipilarius, 124. Aliqualiter, 124. Aliqui, aliquis, 124. Aliqnosecius, 127. Aliquotfariam, 127. Alitia, 128. Alius, 128. AUaiedius, 128. AUapsus, 128. Allasson, 128. AUatio, 129. AUator, 139. AUec, 129. AUectio, 129. Allector, I2g. AUecula, I2g. Alledius, 129. Allegatio, 129. Allegatus, 130. AUego, 130. Allege, 131. Allegoria, 132. AUeius, 132. Alleluia, 132. AUeluiaticus, 132. Alienius, 132. Alletius, 132. Allex, 132. AUiacius, 132. AUiaria, 133. AUiatorius, 133. 6i4 INDEX. AUidins, 133. AUienns, 133. AUifae, 133. AUigatio, 133. Alligator, 133. AUigatura, 133. AUigo, 133. Allino, 134. AUius, 135. AUocutio, 135. AUocutivus, 135. AUoquium, 135. AUubesco, 135. AUuceo, 135. Allnctamentum, 136. Alluo, 136. Alluquius, 136. Alius, 136. Allusio, 136. AUuvio, 136. Alluvius, 137. AUuus, 137. Almificus, 137. Almitas, 137. Almities, 137. Almo, 137. Almns, 137. Alnetum, 138. Alo, 138. Alogia, 138. Alogior, 138. Alogus, 139. Alopecia, 139. Alphius, 139. Alpis, 139. Alpius, 139. Alsa, 139. Alsito, 139. Alsius, 139. Altanus, 139. Altaris, 139. Altellus, 141. Alter, 141. Alteras, 142. Alteratio, 142. Altercatio, 142. Altercatorius, 143. Alteritas, 143. Alternitas, 143. Alterno, 143. Altifico, 143. Altifrons, 143. Altilaneus, 143. Altilis, 143. Altilitas, 144. Altilius, 144. Altipendulus, 144. Altipetax, 144. Altipotens, 144. Altivagus, 144. Altor, 14.4. Alucinatio, 144. Alucus, 145. Alveare, Alveari- um, 145. Alveus, 145. Alvinus, 145. Alvitius, 145. Alvius, 146. Alnmento, 146. Alumnus, 146. Alvus, 146. Amafinius, 146. Amaredius, 146. Amaresco, 146. Amarfius, 146. Amaricatio, 146. Amaritosus, 146. Amaritudo, 146. Amaro, 147. Amaror, 147. Amarus, 147. Amaryllis, 148. Amasco, 148. Amasenus, 148. Amasius, 148. Amata, 148. Amatius, 148. Amator,"l48. Amazon, 149. Ambages, 149. Ambagiosus, 150. Ambago, 150. Ambegnus, 150. Ambianus, 150. Ambibianus, 150. Ambibius, 150. Ambibulus, 150. Ambiectus, 150. Ambigo, 150. Ambiguitas, 151. Ambiguus, 152. Ambilustrum, 154. Ambio, 154. Ambisasius, 155. Ambisinister, 155. Ambisoutes, 155. Ambitio I, 155. Ambitio II, 157. Ambitiosus, 157. Ambitor, 159. Ambitus, 159. Ambivareti, 161. Ambivius, 161. Ambix, 161. Amblasius, 161. Ambligouius, 161. Ambrones, 161. Ambrosia, 161. Ambulabilis, 161. Ambulativus, 162. Ambulator, 162. Ambulatorius, 162. Ambulo, 162. Amburo, 163. Ambustnlatus, 164. Ameana, 164. Ameia, 164. Amelius, 164. Amendo, 164. Amentatio, 164. Amentinus pagus, 164. Amento, 164. Amentum, 164. Ameriola, 164. Ames, 164. Ametliystus, 165. Ametius, 165. Amfariam, 165. Amfragosus, 165. Ami, 165. Amicio, 165. Amicitia, 165. Amicosus, 166. Amictus, 166. Amiculo, 166. Amicus, 166. Amigro, 166. Aminnens, 167. Aminnius, 167. Amio, 167. Amisia, 167. Amitto, 167. Amius, 169. Amma, 169. Ammaeus, 169. Ammaia, 169. Ammaus, 169. Ammia, 169. Ammianus, 169. Ammias, 169. Ammica, 169. Ammilla, 169. Amminus, 169. Ammo, 169. Ammoniacus, 169. Ammonianus, 169. Ammonicus, 169. Ammonius, 169. Ammuneus, 170. Amnacum, 170. Amnego, 170. Amnicola, 170. Amnicolus, 170. Amnis, 170. Amnius, 170. Aranuo, 170. Amoenifer, 171. Amoenitas, 171. Amolio, 171. Amolior, 171. Amoveo, 172. Ampeius, 172. Ampelio, 172. Ampelis, 172. Ampelisca, 172. Ampelium, 172. Ampelius, 172. Amphibalum, 172. Amphibologia, 173. Amphicolus, 173. Amphidanes, 173. Amphidoxus, 173. Amphimeres, 173. Amphisporns, 173. Amphitapus, 173. Amphora, 173. Amphorula, 174. Ampius, 174. Ampla, 174. Amplectibilis, 174. Amplexatio, 174. Amplexo, 174. Amplia, 175. Ampliata, 175. Ampliatio, 175. Ampliator, 175. Amplificatio, 175. Amplificator, 175. Ampliiico, 175. Amplio, 176. Ampliusculus, 176. Ampius, 176. Ampsanctus, 179. Ampudius, 180. Ampulla, 180. AmpuUagium, 180. AmpuUula, 180. Amputatio, 180. Amputatrix, 180. Ampntena, 180. Amputo, 180. Amsedeo, 181. Amtermini, 181. Amula, 181. Amulius, 181. Amunclae, 181. Amuntianus, 181. Amnrca, 181. Amurius, 181. Amussis, 18 r. Amylum, 182. An, 182. Ana, 185. INDEX. Anaboladium, 185, Anabolicarius, 185. Anabolicus, 185. Anacephalaeosis, 1S5. Anacliterinm, 185. Anaclomenos, 185. Anacoenosis, 185. Anacoluthon, 185. Anadiplumenon, 185. Anaglypharius,i85. Anaglyphus, 186. Anaglyptaiius, 186. Anaglypticus, 186. Anaglyptus, 186. Anaguorizomene, 186. Anagnosticum, 186. Anagoge, 186. Anagogicus, 186. Anaia, 186. Anaiedius, 186. Auaillus, 186. Analemma, 186. Analogia, 186. Analogicus, 187. Analyticus, 187. Anamia, 187. Anas I, 187. Anas II, 187. Anasceua, 187. Anasceuasticus, 187. Anastasis, 187. Anastrophe, 187. Anathemabilis, 188. Anathematismus, 188. Anathematizatio, 188. Anatonus, 188. Anavis, 188. Anaxagoreus, 188. Ancaedo, ancido, 188. Ancala, 188. Ancarius, 188. Ancarsius, 188. Ancasta, 188. Ancentus, 188. Anceps, 189. Ancharenus, 190. Ancilis, 190. Ancilius, 190. Ancillo, 190. Ancisio, 190. Ancistrum, 191. Ancites, 191. I Anclabris, 191. Anclo, 191. Ancon, 191. Ancoratus, 191. Ancra, 191. Anculo, 191. Anculns, igi. Ancunnlentus, 192. Ancus, 192. Ancyromagus, 192. Andabata, 192. Andasius, 192. Andenius, 192. Andes, 192. Audetiaca, 192. Andronius, 192. Anenius, 192. Anenus, 192. Aneo, 192. Anesco, 193. Anesum, 193. Anethatus, 193. Anethinus, 193. Anetius, 193. Aneurysma, 193. Anfius, 193. Anfractns, 193. Angaria, 193. Angario, 193. Angarius, 193. Angeltice, 193. Angerona, 193. Angiportum, angi- portus, 194. Angitia, 194. Angobates, 194. Anguiger, 194. Anguilla, 194. Anguinus, 194. Angularis, 194. Angularius, 194. Angulum, 194. Angustator, 195. Angustia, 195. Aniavins, 196. Anicianus, 196. Anicitianus, 196. Anicius, 196. Aniensis, 196. Anienus, 196. Anilla, 196. Anima, 196. Animadversus, 198. Animaeqnitas, 198. Animatio, 198. Animator, 198. Animatorins, 198. Animisius, 198. Animositas, 198. Animosus, 198. Animus, 198. Aninius, 203. Anio, 203. Anionius, 203. Anisocyclum, 203. Anna, 203. Annaeanensis, 203. Annaens, 203. Aunaienus, 203. Annalenius, 203. Annalis, 203. Annavus, 204. Annecto, 205. Annedius, 205. Anneiaria, 205. Anneius, 205. Annellus, 205. Annexio, 205. Annicto, 206. Anniculus, 206. Aunicus, 206. Annidienus, 206. Annidius, 206. Annienus, 206. Annihilatio, 206. Annihilator, 206. Annihilo, 206. Anniolenus, 206. Annitas, 206. Annitor, 206. Anniversalis, 306. Annona, 206. Annonarins, 208. Aunono, 208. Annositas, 208. Annotatio, 208. Annotator, 208. Annoto, 208. Annualis, 209. AnnuUatio, 209. Annumeratio, 209. Annuntiatrix, 209. Annuo, 209. Annntativus, 210. Anomalia, 210. Anomoeusia, 211. Anomoeusius, 211. Anonius, 211. Anquina, 211. Anquiro, 211. Ansa, 211. Anserarins, 212. Anseratim, 212. Ansicius, 212. Ansius, 212. Anspania, 212. Anta, 212. Antanaclasis, 212. 615 Antanapaestus, 312. Antarius, 212. Ante, 213. Anteambulo, 213. Antecantativus, 213. Antecapio, 213. Antecedo, 213. Antecessivus, 214. Antecessus, 214. Antecolumnium, 214. Antecresco, 215. Anteeo, 215. Antefatus, 216. Antefero, 216. Antefigo, 2l6. Antegredior, 216. Anteius, 216. Antelena, 216. Antella, 216. Antelogium, 216. Anteluco, 217. Antenna, antemna, ■ 217. Antenovissimus, 217. Anteoccupatio,2i7. Antepagmentnm, 217. Antepario, 217. Antepilanus, 217. Antepono, 217. Anterior, 218. Aniens, 218. Anteritas, 218. Anterumene, 218. Antesignanus, 218. Antesinister, 219. Antestius, 219. Antesto, antisto, 219. Antestor, 219. Antevenio, 219. Anthius, 219. Anthologumena, 219. Anthoristicus, 220. Anthracinus, 220. Anthypophora, 220. Antiae, 220. Antibacchius, 220. Antibacchus, 220. Antibucolica, 220. Anticato, 220. Antichresis, 220. Anticipalis, 220. Anticipatio, 320. Anticipator, 221. 6i6 INDEX. Anticipo, 221. Anticus, 221. Anticyprios, 221. Antifer, 221. Antigenns, 222. Antigerio, 222. Antigradus, 222. Antigraphon, 322. Antilius, 222. Antimetabole, 222. Antinum, 222. Antipharmacon , 222. Antiphila, 322. Antiphona, 222. Antiphora, 222. Antiphrasis, 222. Antipodes, 222. Antiquarius, 222. Antiquitas, 223. Antiquitus, 224. Antique, 224. Antiquus, 224, Antis, 226. Antispastlcus, 226. Antispecto, 226. Antistes, 227. Antistita, 227. Antistius, 227. Antistoechon, 227. Antistrephon, 228. Antistrophon, 228. Antistrophus, 228. Antitheticus, 228. Antitheus, 228. Antius, 228. Antlia, 228. Antlo, 228. Antoecumene, 228. Antonesco, 228. Antronius, 228, Antruo, 228. Antuleia, 228. Antullia, 228. AntuUiuus, 328. Antnllus, 228. Aniibis, 229. Anularius, 229, Anulenus, 229. Annlia, 329. Anulla, 229. Anullinns, 229. Aniilocnlter, 229. Annsia, 229. Anxa, 229. Anxani, 229. Anxanum, 239. Anxanus, 229. Auxates, 229. Anxatini, 229. Anxifer, 229. Aoristos, 229. Aparemphatos,229. Apellius, 229. Apello, 230. Apenarins, 230. Apeninus, Appen- ninns, 230. Aperio, 230. Aperta, 233. Aperticius, 234. Apertilis, 234. Apertio, 234. Apertius, 234. Apertivus, 234. Aperto, 234. Apertuiarius, 234. Apertura, 234. Apex, 334. Apexabo, 336. Aphorismus, 336. Aphrodisiacum me- trum, 336. Apiaster, 236. Aplata, 236. Apica, 236. Apiciosus, 236. Apidius, 236. Apiennins, 236. Apillius, 236. Apina, 236. Apinius, 236. Apinor, 336. Apiolae, 337. Apiscor, 237. Apisius, 237. Apius, 237. Apluda, 237. Apludus, 238. Aplustre, 238. Apo, 238. Aptus, 239. Apocha, 240. Apocho, 240. Apochyma, 240. Apoclisis, 340. Apoculo, 240. Apoderinus, 240, Apoecides, 241. Apolensis, 241, Apollinaris, 241, Aponius, 341. Apophoreta, 341. Apophoreticus,34i Apophysis, 341, Apoproegmeua, 241. Apor, 241. Aporia, 241. Aporiatio, 341. Aposiopesis, 241. Apostatrix, 241. Apostema, 241. Apostrophe, 241. Appaeus, 242. Appaedius, 242. Appagineculns, 242. Appallenus, 242. Appallius, 242. Apparatio, 242. Apparatorium, 242 Apparatus, 242. Appareo, 243. Apparitio, 245. Apparitor, 245. Apparitorinm, 345. Apparitura, 245. Appellasius, 345. Appellatio, 245. Appellativus, 346. Appellito, 346. Appendium, 246. Appendo, 246. Appensio, 246. Appensus, 346. Appetibilis, 246. Appetitorius, 346. Appetitrix, 246. Appeto, 247. Appiciscor, 247. Appingo, 248. AppiniuS) 248. Appiosus, 248. Applano, 248. Applar, 248. Applaudo, 248. Applicatio, 248. Applico, 248. Apploro, 250. Apploto, 250. Apponiolena, 250. Apponius, 250. Appono, 250. Appositio, 251. Appositivus, 251. Appositus, 251. Apprehendo, 251. Approbabilis, 253. Approbatio, 352. Approbativus, 352. Approbator, 352. Approbo, 253, Appromissor, 253. Appropio, 254. Approximo, 254. Appungo, 254. Apra, 254. Aprico, 254. Aprilius, 254. Aprilla, 254. Aprofennius, 354. Aprucia, 354. Apnilla, 254. Apstidins, 254. Aptabilis, 254. Aptabilitas, 254. Aptatura, 254. Aptotus, 254. Aptra, 254. Aptronius, 255. Apua, 255. Apud, 255. Apusceius, 255. Apusidia, 255. Apusius, 255. Apustius, 255. Apusulenus, 255. Aquaeductium, 255. Aqualicus, 255. Aquarius, 255. Aquemolus, 255. Aquicolus, 255. Aquifolia, J55. Aquilegus, 255. Aquilentanus, 35g. Aquilinitas, 255. Aquilius, 256. Aquilus, 256. Aquincum, 256. Aquininius, 256. Aquinius, 256. Aquipedius, 356. Aquisius, 256. Aquitania, 356. Aquitanicus, 356. Aquivergium, 256, Aqutius, 256. Aquuia, 256. Arabarches, 256, Arabarchia, 257, Aracilia, 257. Araclovius, 257. Aractaeus, 257. Aradus, 257. Araneus, 257. Arantius, 257. Arapennis, arripefl- nis, 257. Arater, 257. Araterrium, 257. Aratiuncula, 257. Aratorius, 257. Aratrius, 257. Aratura, 257. Aratus, -us, 257, INDEX. 617 Arausiehsis, 257. Arausis, 257. Aravaci and Ara- vus, 257. Arbenius, 258. ArbemuS, 358. Arbiter, 258. Arbiterium, 259. Arbitra, 259. Arbitrarius, 259. Arbitrium, 260. Arbitro, arbitror, 261. Arboums, 262. Arbor, 262. Arbussonius, 262. Arbustivus, 262. Arbustus, 262. Area, 262. Arcae, 262. Arcaeus, 262. Arcarius I, 263. Arcarius II, 263. Arceius, 263. Arcella, 263. Arcens, 263. Arceo, 263. Arcera, 263. Arcessio, 264. Arcessitor, 364. Arcesso, 17. Arcetius, 264. Archebulins, 264. Archestrata, 264. Archetypus, 264. Archiater, 264. Archibucolus, 264. Arcbiclinicns, 264. Archidendrophorus, 264. Archigalhis, 265. Archigenius, 265. Archigonus, 265. Archilocheus, 265. Archimimus, 265. Archiposia, 265. ArcMtecticus, 265. ArcWtecton, 265. Architectonica and -e, 265. Architectonicus, 265. Architectulus, 265. Architectus, 265. Arcia, 266. Arcifinalis, 266. Arcifinins, 266, Arcina, 266. Arcisellinm, 266. Arcistes, 266. Arcius, 266. ArcosynagoguS, 266. Arcuatio, 266. Arcuatura, 267. Arculatns, 267. Arculum, 267. Arculus (adj.), 267. Arculus (subst.), 267. Arcumen, 267. Arcutus, 267, Ardelio, 267. Arduelius, 267. Area, 267. Arealis, 269. Arebrigimu, 269. Areccaeus, 269. Axecinus, 269. •^iSfelUiis, 269. Aremorica and Are- moricus, 269. Aremnlus, 269. Arenius, Arennius, 269. Areolus, 269. Aretalogia, 269. Aretalogus, 269. Aretius, 269. Aretulla, 269. Arferius, 270. Arfinis, 270. Argaela and Ar- gaeli, 270. Argaeus, 270. Argei, 270. Argentarius, 270. Argenteolus, 270. Argentifex, 271 < Argentexterebro- nides, 271. Argen tills, 271. Argestes, 271. Argetlni, 271. Argeus, 271. Argiletum, 271. Argillus, 272. Argitis, 272. Arguitio, 272. Arguitivns, 272. Argumentatio, 272. Argumentator, 272. Argumentor, 272. Argumentosus, 272. Argumentum, 273. Argumen tuose, 274. Argno, 274. Argutia, 276. Argnto, 377. Aridus, 277. Arietlllus, 277. Arietinus, 377. Arieto, 377. Ariga, aringa, 278. Aiilla, 278. Arillator, 378. Arlnla, 378. Arlolicum, 378. Ariovistus, 278, Arisins, 278. Arisso, 278. Arista, 378. Aristatus, 278. Aristophaneus, 378 Aristotellcus, 279. Aritudo, 279. Arlapsa, 279. Arma, 279. Armaraentarlus, 280. Armamentum, 280. Armariolns, 280. Armatio, 280. Armatius, 280. Armator, 280. Armatrix, 281. Armatura, 281. Armentarius, 281. Armentum, 281. Armicustos, 282. Armifactor, 282. Armlfactorium, 283. Annilausa, armi- lausia, 283. ArmlUa, 382. Armilustrium, 383. Armlnius, 283. Armipotens, 283. Armo, 283. Armus, 284. Arnacls, 284. Arniensis, 284. Amius, 284. Amustla, 284. Aroma, 284. Aromatarlus, 284. Aromaticus, 284. Arpliis, 285. Arquamentum, 285 . Arques, 285. Arquio, 285. Arquius, 285. Arra, 285. Arrabo, 285. Arranius, 286. Arrecinus, 286. Arrenlanus, 286. Arrenlus, 286. Arrenus, 386. Arrhythmia, 386. Arricanius, 386. Arrlcinius, 386. Arridins, 286. Arrigo, 386. Arrigmts, 286. Arrogatio, 286, Arrogator, 287. Arruns, 287. Armntius, 287. Ars, 287. Arsace, 290. Arsaces, 290. Arsedentes, 290. Arsellius, 290. Arsenlus, 290. Arsina, 390. Arslneum, 390. Arsinius, 390. Arsis, 290. Artaba, 290. Artamo, 290. Artanius, 291. Artanus, 291. Artatio, 291. Artemo, 291. Arteriacus, 291. Arthriticus, 291, Articulatio, 291. Articulator, 29I1 Articnleius, 391. Articulus, 291. Artidius, 393. Artifex, 293. Artificalis, 296. Artificialis, 296. Artificialitas, 296. Artificina, 296. Artificiolum, 296. Artificiosus, 296. Artificium, 297. Artigraphia, 297. Artigraphus, 297. Artilius, 297. Artinius, 397. Aitio I, 397. Artio II, 297. Artista, 297. Artius, 297. Arto, 297. Artopta, 298. Artorius, 298. Artuatim, 398. ArtuUia, 398. Artuo, 298. Artus (adj.), 298. 6i8 INDEX. Artns (cogn.), 300. Arra, 300. Arvena, arvenio, 300. Arvenius, 300. Arventia, 300. Arverius, 300. Arviga, arvix, 300, Arvilla, 300. Arvinula, 300. Arvipendium, 300. Arviragus, 300. Arvius, 300. Arula, 300. Aruleius, 300, Arnlenus, 300. Arulonia, 300, Arunculeius, 300. Amnculeus, 301. Arunous, 301. Aruo, 301. Arvocito, arvoco, arvolo, 301. Aruseius, 301. Arusinatum pagus, 301. Arusini campi, 301. Arx, 301. As, 302. Asaroticus, 303. Asarotos, 303. Asbestos, 303. Ascalonensis, 303. Ascalonites, 303. Ascalonins, 303. Ascarida, 303. Ascarii, 303. Ascarius, 303. Ascella, 303. Ascellula, 304. Ascendo, 304. Ascensibilis, 304. Ascensio, 304. Asqensus, -us, 304. Ascensus, -i, 304. Asciamallia, 305. Ascinus, 305. Ascio, 305. Ascopa, 305. Ascreius, 305. Ascribe, 305. Ascripticius, 307. Ascriptor, 307. Asculinns, 307. Asculum, 307. Ascura, 307. Asellifer, 307. Asellius, 307. Asellio, 307. Asia, 307. Asiarcha, 308. Asicius, 308. Asidius, 308. Asidonius, 308. Asilus, 308. Asinaricius, 308. Asinastra, 308. Asisinates, 308. Asisium, 308. Asisua, assua, 308. Asma, 308. Aspanius, 308. Asparagus, 308. Aspargo, 309. Aspectamen, 309. Aspectus, 309. Aspemamentum, 309- Aspero, 309. Aspersus, 310. Asphaltus, 310. Asphodelum, 310. Aspiratio, 310. Aspirativus, 310. Aspratura, 310. Assa, 310. Assarius, 310. Assator, 310.' Assecula, 311. Assecuus, 311. Assedulo, 311. Asselia, 311. Assentiae, 311. Assentio, 311. Assentor, 312. Assequella, 312. Assequibilis, 312. Assequor, 312. Asser, 313. Assero, 313. Assertio, 315. Assertor, 315. Assertrix, 316. Asseryo, 316. Assessio, 316. Assessor, 316. Assessorius, 316. Assestrix, 317. Asseveratio, 317. Assevero, 317. Assideo, 318. Assido, 319. Assidonius, 319. Assiduitas, 319. Assiduo (verb), 319. Assiduus, 319. Assignificatio, 320. Assignifico, 320. Assigno Assipio Assir, Assis, ^ Assisa, Assimulatio, 321. Assimnlator, 322. Assimulo, 332. io, 323- ■, asser, 323. 323- Assistentia, 323. Assisto, 323. Assistrix, 324. Associetas, 324. Associo, 324. Associus, 324. Assoleo, 324. Assonatio, 324. Assonus, 324. Assotanus, 325. Assuarius, 325. Assubrigo, 335. Assuesco, 355. Assula, 325. Assulatim, 326. Assultatio, 326. Assumentum, 326. Assummo, 326. Assumo, 326. Assumptio, 328. Assumptor, 328. Assumptus, 328. Assuras, 328. Ast, 329. Astaphium, 329. Astator, 329. Asteismus, 330. Asteriscus, 330. Asterius, 330. Asteroplectus, 330. Asteroscopia, 330. Asthma, 330. Asticus, 330. Astigi, Astigitanus, 33°- Astipulator, 330. Astipulor, 330. Astismus, 330. Astius, 331. Asto, 331. Astraba, 331. Astragalus, 332. Astralis, 332. Astrapaea, 332. Astrepo, 332. Astrifer, 332. Astriger, 332. Astringo, 332. Astrolapsns, 334. Astructio, 335. Astrno, 335. Astulus, 335. Astur, 336. Astura, 336. Asubrius, 336. Asuellius, 336. Asuetius, 336. Asuvianus, 336. Asuvius, 336. Asyndetos, 336. Asynthetus, 336. Asystatos, 336. At, 336. Atabulns, 339. Ataburia, Atabu- rius, 339. Ataecina, Adae- gina, 339. Atafidius, 339. Atalius, 339. Atanagrum, 339. Atanius, 339. Atavius, 339. Atax, 339. Atecius, 339. Ategua, Ateguen- sis, 340. Ateius, 340. Ateleius, 340. Atellanus, 340. Atellius, 340. Ater dies, 340. Aterianus, Aterius, 341- Aterius, 341. Aternius, 341, Ateronius, 341. Atesis, 341. Atestatia, 341. Ateste, 341. Atestia, 341. Atesui, 341. Athesis, 341. Atlilon, 341. Athos, 341. Atiarius, 341. Atidia, 341. Atiedius, 342. Atilius, 342. Atilonius, 342. Atina, 342. Atisius, 342. Atistia, 342. Atleia, 342. Atque, 342. Atrani, 345. Atrans, Atrantinns, 345- Atreias, Atreis, 345. Atria, Atriates, 345. INDEX. Atrides, 346. Atriena, 346. Atrilius, 346. Atrius, 346. Atronius, 346. Atrox, 346. Atta I, 347. Atta II, 347. Attacotti, 347. Attactus, 347. Attagen, 347. Attaminatio, 348. Attat, Attatae, At- tatatae, 348. Attedius, 348. Attemptatio, 348. Attempto, 348. Attendo, 348. Attennius, 349. Attentio, 349. Attentus, 349. Attenuatio, 349. Attenuo, 349. Attermino, 350. Attero, 350. Attestator, 351. Attestor, 351. Attexo, 351. Attidins, 352. Attienius, 353. Attienus, 353. Attigo, 352. Attiguus, 352. Attineo, 352. Attis, 353. Attitnlatio, 353. Attitnlo, 353. Attius, 353. Atto, 353. AttoUo, 353- Attono, 355. Attraho, 356. Attrectabilis, 356. Attrectatio, 356. Attrecto, 356. Attribno, 357. Attribntio, 359. Attributor, 359. Attritus, 359. Attulo, 359. Attumulo, 359. Attus, 359. Attusius, 359. AtuUius, 359. An, 359. Aububulcus, 360. Auca, 360. Aucellus, 360. Aucena, 360. Auchenius, 360. Aucidius, 360. Aucilius, 360. Aucisenus, 360. Auctio, 360. Auctivus, 360. Auctor I, 360. Auctor II, 360. Auctorabilis, 365. Auctoramentum, 365- Auctoraticius, 365. Auctoratio, 365. Auctoritas, 365. Auctoro, 367. Auctrix I, 368. Anctrix II, 368. Aucupatio, 368. Ancupator, 368. Ancupius, 368, Auciipo, 368. Audacilius, 369. Audasius, 369. Audenius, 369. Audentia, 369. Audeo, 369. Audia, 370. Audientia, 370. Audienns, 371. Audio, 371. Auditio, 373. Audito, 373. Auditor, 373. Auditorium, 373. Auditrix, 374. Auditus, 374. Auens, 374. Aufellius, 374. Aufentum, 374. Aufestius, 374. Aufidatorius, 374. Aufidius, 374. Aufilenus, 375. Aufilius, 375. Aufustius, 375. Angeo, 375. Augmentarius, 377. Augmentatio, 377. Augmentativus, 377. Augmentator, 377. Augmentum, 377. Augur, 377. Augurale, 378. Augurator, 378. Auguratus, 379. Augurina, 379. Augurinus, 379. Augurium, 379. Angurius, 379. Auguro, 380. Augustalicus, 380. Augustalis, 380. Augustanus, 381. Augnstensis, 381. Augusteus, 381. Augustianus, 381. Augustimis, 381. Augustius, 381. Augustodunenses, 3«i- Augustodunun],38i. Augustus, 381. Avidns futuri, 383. Aula I, 383. Aula II, 384. Aulacia, 384. Aulaeum, 384. Aularius, 384. Aulicoctus, 384. Aulio, 385. Auliscus, 385. Aulius, 385. Anlonius, 385. Aulula, 385. Aulularia, 385. Aulupor, 385. Aulus, 385. Aulusanus, Anlu- zanus, 385. Aunia, 385. Aunus, 385. Aura I, 385. Aura II, 386. Auraria, 386. Auratilis, 386. Aurator, 386. Aurea, 386. Aureax, 386. Aurelius, 386. Aureus, 387. Aurgitanum muni- cipium, 387. Aurichalcum, 387. Auriohalcus, 387. Auricularis, 387. Auricularius, 388. Aurietas, 388. Aurificina, 388. Aurifossor, 388. Auriga, 388. Aurini, 388. Auripigmentum, 388. Auroresco, 388. Auroro, 388. Aurusius, 389. Ausci, 389. 619 Ausculani, 389. Auscnlor, 389. Ansculto, 389. Ausculum (subst.), 39°- Ausculum (name of a place), 390. Ausins, 390. Auspicius, 390. Austius, 390. Austro, 390. Aut, 390. Autheatieus, 390. Autronius, 390. Autumator, 391. Autumno, 391. Auxentius, 391. Axamenta, 391. Axitio, 391. Axitiosus, 391. Axo, 391. B, 391- Babiger, 392. BabuUia, 392. Baburius, 392. Baburrus, 392. Bacapulus, 392. Bacario, 392. Baceolus, 392. Bachi antiqui, 392. Baeto, 392. Ballena, 392. Balteo, 392. Bardaicus, 393. Bargena, 393. Bargus, 393. Baro, 393. Bascauda, 393. Bassus (adj.), 394. Bassus (subst.), 394- Bastema, 394. Basus, 394. Batillum, 394. Batioca, batiola, 394- Battuator, 394. Baucalis, 394. Belutus, 394. Benuentum, Malu- entum, 395. Bidento, 395. Bifax, 395. Bilustrlum, 395. Binator, 395. Bioticus, 395. Bipatens, 395. Blandiosus, 395. Blandities, 395. 630 INDEX. Blenno, 395. Bombosns, 395. Botanicum, 396. Bria, 396. Briso, 396. Brocchos, bronchus, 396. Bua, 396. Bualium, 396. Bucolicus, 396. Buo, 396. Bustar, 397. Busto, 397. Buteo, 397. C, 397- Cabanus, 398. Cabus, 398. Cacus, 398. Caerimonia, 398. Caepum, 399, Caetronius, 399. Cala, 399. Calamanla, 399. Calasiris, 399. Calaticum, 399. Calator, 400. Calciator, 400. Calcitro, 400. Calico, 400. Calicuius, 400. Caliptra, 400. Callopistia, 400. Calo, 401. Calobathrarius, 401. Calopodia, 401. Calventius, 401. Calvo, 401. Calusius, 401. Calvus, 402. Camedius, 402, Camerius, 402. Camers, 402. Camudenus, 402, Camurius, 402. Camurtius, 402. Camianus, 402. Camillus, 403. Canaster, 403. Caperro, 403. Capex, 403. Capito, 403. Capua, 403. Carina, 403. Carinator, 405. Carino, 405, Carino, 405. Carmen, 405. Carmenta, 407. Carmentarius, 407. Caro (verb), 407. Casinia, 407. Casnasia, 407. Cassabundus, 407. Cassesco, 407. Catantiphrasis, 407. Cataracta, 407. Catax, 408. Catholicon, 408. Cattinus, Cattineus, 408. Cattus, Catta, 408. Caudifico, 408. Caventia, 408. Caverna, 408. Cavilla, 408. Caula, 409. Causa, 409 ; see also s. V. tricodatus, 602. Cautinus, 409. Cedere (in Law), 409. Cei, 409. Cernulo, 410. Cernulus, 410. Cernuo, 410. Cernuus, 410. Cervonia, 410. Cesidius, 410. Cessorins, 410. Chilotrum, 410. Ciborium, 410. Cicerarius, 410. Cicindela, 410. Circumpedilis, 411. Circumstantia, 411. Cirrus, 412. Civis, 412. Civitas, 412. Civito, 414. Claudaster, 414. Clivis, 414. Cluis, 414. Cluo I, 414. Cluo II, 414. Cocionator, 414. Coctilarius, 414. Coctura, 414. Coeptio, 414. Cogitatio, 414. CoUativus, 414. Collectio, 414. CoUiculus, 414. CoUutulento, 414. Colorate, 415. Colorator, 415. Columis, 415. Columnatio, 415. Columnatum, 415. Commemoratio, 415- Commissio, 415. Commotio, 415. Communicatio,4i 5 Commutatio, 415. Compar, 415. Comparatio, 415. Comparieticus, 415. Compars, 415. Compatriota, 416. Compauper, 416. Compositio, 416. Compunctio, 416. Concha, 416. Conciliabulum,4i6. Concinnis, 417. Concipulo, 417. Conclasso, 417. Concubium, 417. Concimctator, 417. Concurialis, 417. Conditio, 417. Conditura, 418. Confectio, 418. Confictura, 418. Configo, 418. Confixio, 418. Conflatio, 418. Conflictus, 419. Confractura, 419, Confusio, 419. Congeluit, 419. Coniero, 419. Coniveo, 419. Conquassatio, 420. Conquisitio, 420. Consaeptum, 420. Conscientia, 420. Consectarius, 421. Consella, s. v. tos- silla, 601. Consideratio, 422. Consienus, 422. Consolativus, 422. Conspicillum, 422. Constipatio, 422. Contrarius, 422. Conventio, 422. Conversus, 422. Convictio, 422. Coponarius, 422. Coponicula, 423. Coponium, 423. Coquinator, 423. Corbis, 423. CordiuS, 423. Corfidius, 423. Coriarius, 423. Coriolum, 423. Comupeta, 423. Cornuta, 423. Corpore custos, 423. Correptio, 423. Corruptus, 423. Cotiatrix, 423. Cotio, 423. Covinna, 424. Coxosus, 424. Crassus, 424. Cratella, 424. Crepacula, 424^ Crepor, 424. Crescentia, 424. Crimen, 424. Crispius, 425. Cubiculum, 425, Cudis, 425. Culilla, 425. Culina, 425, Culio, 425. CuUiolum, 425. Cultellarins, 426. Cultura, 426. Cumera, 426. Cumulter, 426. Cuprum, 426. Curiositas, 426. Currax, 426. Cursim, 427. Curtio, 427. Cuspius, 427. Cyclicus, 427. D,427. Dardanarius, 428. Decerptio, 428. Decoctor, 428. Decoriatio, 428. Decoriatorius, 428. Deducticius, 428. Defautio, 428. Defensio, 428. Definitivus, 428. Deflocco, 428. Defolio, 428. Deformatio, 428. Defrendo, 428. Defrondo, 428. Defusto, 428. Degulo, 428. Delassatio, 429. Delectatio, 429, Delibatio, 429. Delicior, 429. INDEX. 6ai Deliculus, 429. Delido, 429. Deliquio, 429. Deliramentiim,429. Deluo, 429. Delurcor, 430. Demagis, 430. Demanduco, 430. Dementatio, 430. Demorator, 430. Demulco, 430. Demutilo, 430. Denidor, 430. Denormis, 430. Denormo, 430. Dentex, 430. Denvindino, 430. Depalo, 431. Depelliculor, 431. Depenso, 431. Deportator, 431. Depositio, 431. Depositivus, 431. Depravator, 431. Depressio, 431. Deprobo, 431. Devectarius, 431. Derectio, 431. Derectura, 432. Derigo, 432. Derogatio, 435. Derogativiis, 435. Derno, 435. Descriptio, 435. Desiderium, 435. Desidesco, 435. Desiduus, 435. Desipidus, 435. Despico, 435. Deterioratio, 435. Detractatio, 435. Detractio, 435. Devenusto, 435. Deverbium, 435. Deversio, 436. Devotio, 436. Dexter, 436. Dictator, 436. Dierectus, 436. Diffuto, 437. Dignatio, 437. Dilargus, 437. Diomedea, 437. Director, 438, Directorius, 438, Dirigo I, 438. Dirigo II, 438. Discretio, 438. Discribo, 438. Discrimen, 439. Discursio, 439. Disdono, 439. Disgrex, 439. Disligo, 439. Disomus, 440. Dispex, 440. Dispiculo, 440. Displacidus, 440. Dispoliabulum,440, Dispunctio, 440. Dispunctor, 440. Disseminatio, 440. Disseminator, 440. Dissensor, 440. Dissignatio, 440. Dissignator, 440. Dissigno, 441. Dissnasorius, 441. Distentio, 441. Distinctio, 441. Districtio, 442. Diverse, 442. Diverticulum, 442. Dividiosf,_442. "^- Divinaculum, 442. Divnlgator, 442. Doctito, 442. Doctrina, 442. Dolus, 442, Domus, 442. Dormitorium, 442. Dossennus, 442. Dotamen, 443. Dubo, 443. Ductus, 443. Duellio, 443. Dulcium, 444. Duplex, 444. E, 444- Ebito, 444. Ebrietas, 444. Ecloga, 444. Ectasis, 445. Educere diem, 445. E£fatuus, 445. Effutilis, 445. Eiectura, 445. Elabiscens, 446. Elacto, 446. Eliquus, 446. Elix, 446. Elixo, 446. Eluresco, 446. Emacitas, 446. Emaneo, 446. Emax, 446. Emendo, 446. Eminiscor, 448. Emussitatus, 448. Endo/or in in com- pounds, 448. Enixo, 448. Ephippio, 448. Epitomarius, 448. Erroneus, 448. Erulus, 448. Esculentia, 448. Etymology, Latin, difficulties of, xi. Everrae, 449. Everriator, 449. Euge, eugepae, 449. Eviresco, 449. Exactus, 449. Exaedituo, 449. Examen, 449. Exassulo, 450. Excaveo, 450. Excello, -as, 450. Exceptio, 450. Excessio, 450. Excessus, 450. Excipiajjulum, 450. Excjpiiluni^ 450. Excolio, 450. Exercipes, 450. Exfebruo, 450. Exfreto, 450. Exhibitor, 450. Exhortatio, 451. Eximius, 451. Exlaudo, 451. Exoratio, 45 1; Expensa, 451. Experientia, 451. Experimentum,452. Experio, 452. Expiatorius, 452. Expositio, 452. Exprodo, 452. Expugnare domum, 452- Expugnosus, 452. Exsensus, 452. Exsolutio, 452. Exsumptuo, 452. Extispicus, 452. Extrunco, 452. Exustuosus, 452. F, 453- Fabellator, 453. Fabricator, 453. Fabulo, 453. Faciens, 453. Factivus, 463. Factura, 453. F'acundus, 454. Faesasius, 454. Falcito, 454. Falco, 454. Falerius, 454, Fallator, 454. Fallibilis, 454. Falliscus, 454. Famigerulus, 454. Famulosus, 454. Fanum, 454. Fariolus, 455. Farrago, 455. Fartor, 455. Fassio, 455. Fatigatio, 455. Fatis, 456. Fatuclus, 456. Favea, 456. Favisor, 456. Favissa, 456. Faunius, 456. Fecundia, 457. Felico, 457. Femellarius, 457, Fenta, 457. Ferasco, 457. Feretrius, 457. Feronia, 4=17. Feroniensis, 458, Feronius, 458. Ferrumen, 458. Fertor, 458. Festalis, 458. Festinitas, 458. Fictio, 458. Fidicula, 458. Fidifragus, 459. Figura, 459. Figuratio, 459. Figure, 459. Filo, 459. Finis, 459. Finitivus, 459. Firmilla, 459. Fistulo, 459. Flagrum, 459. Flagurrio, 400. Flamoniiim, 460. Flato, 460. Flaxo, 460. Floretum, 460. Florns, 460. Fluminalis, 460. Flusar, 460. Focillo, 460. Foculo, 460. Foculum, 461. 633 INDEX. Focus, 461. Foe do, 461. FoUesco, 462. Fopaes, 462. Fomito, 462. Forco, 463. Forio, 463. Fonna, 463. Formaster, 463. Formo, 463. Fractura, 463. Fraglo, 465. Fragosus, 463. Fratellus, 463. Fraternus, 463.' Frenusculus, 463. Frequens, 463. Frondico, 464. Fronde, 464. Fronducula, 464. Fructus, 464. Frumentum, 464. Frunita, 464. Fnistillatim, 464. Fuco, 464. Fulcralia, 464. Fulguriaculum,464. Funalis, 464. Fnnctio, 465. Functorius, 465. Fundiculns, 465. Funditor, 465. Funeras, 465. Funis, 465. Fusicius, 465. Fntio, 465. Futis, 465. Futo I, 465. Futo II, 465. G, 466. Gabbara, 466. Gabbarus, 466. Gallulo, 466. Gallicula, 466. Galmula, 466. Gandeia, 466. Ganeus, 466. Garro, 466. Gavennius, 466. Gavesco, 466. Gavus, 466. Geganins, 467. Geno, 467. Genus, 467. Gero, 467. Gerro, 467. Giler, 467. Gincla, 467. Gladiosus, 467. Glaebo, 467. Glossaries, xi, xvi. Glucidatus, 467. Gluma, 468. Gnarigatio, 468. Gnarro, 468. Gnato, 468. Gnavo, 468. Gradivus, 468. Gramiae, 468. Gratiator, 469. Gratulatio, 469. Gravedo, 469. Grayipes, 469. Gravosus, 469. Gressutus, 469. Gruo, 469. Grumo, 469. Gutta, 469. Guttio, 470. H, 470. Habitivus, 470. Habitude, 470. Habitus, 470. Helitor, 470. Herbacantlius, 470. Herenicas, 470. Hermula, 471. Herna, 471. HiUa, 471. Hirco, 471. Hirmos, 471. Hirtns, 472. Hispo, 473. Homicidiator, 472. Honor, 472. Honorificentia,473. Horror, 473. Hortativus, 473. Hoscinius, 473. Hosidius, 473. Hospitalarius, 473. Hospiticida, 473. Hosticida, 473. Hestimentum, 473. Hestio, 473. Humilitudo, 474. I, 474- lactatio, 475. lacte, 475. lacturarius, 475, lambeus, 475. lambicus, 476. lambodes, 476. Iambograplius,476. lantile, 476. leientaculum, 476. leiento, 476. lentaculum, 476. Ignaruris, 476. Ignavo, 476. Ignico, 476. lUiceor, 477. Imaginatio, 477. Imboio, 477- Imbumentnm, 477. Imbutio, 477- Immolaticius, 477- Immolater, 477. Immunis, 477. Impariens, 477. Imperantia, 477- Im personalis, 477- Implagium, 478. Impepulabilis, 478. Impopularis, 478. Imporcitor, 478. Importunus, 478. Impossibilitis, 479. Improles, 479. Impugis, 479. Impunis, 479. Inaequalis, 479. Inambulatie, 479. Inauritus, 479- Incaesus, 479. Incastrator, 479. Inceleber, 479. Inceptio, 480. Incisio, 480. Inclinatio, 480. Inclinus, 480. Incohativus, 480. Incomitie, 480. Incensideratio, 480. Incontroversus, 480. Incubitus, 480. Incurto, 481. Indago, 481. Indamnus, 481. Indicivus, 481. Indictivus, 482. Indigentia, 482. Indigenes, 482. Indiges, 482. Indigestio, 483. Indoctriua, 483. Inductor, 483. Inexistimabilis, 483. Inexpurgabilis, 483. Infabulosus, 484. Infandidicus, 484. Infenditor, 484. Infertilis, 484. Infio, 484. Inflatio, 484. Infoco, 484. Infrunitas,484. Ingannatura, 484. Inglutinatus, 484. Iniectio, 484. Initium, 485. Inlusio, 485. Innullo, 485. Inoffensibilis, 485. Inpestis, 485. Inradiatio, 485. Inrevertibilis, 485. Inrisivus, 485. Insalo, 485. Insanio, 485. Inseco, 485. Insectio I, 485. Insectio II, 485. Insertus, 485. Insiciarius, 485. Insiciatus, 486. Insicium, 486. Insilentia, 486. Insomnia, 486. Insomnium, 486. Inspiratio, 486. Instar, 487. Instructie, 489. Instructus, 489. Insueto, 489. Insumptio, 489. Intendo, 489. Intercisamen, 494. Interluvio, 494. Interutrasque, 494. Intrinsecus, 494. Invenalis, 494. Inventio, 494. Investis, 495. Invigilantia, 495. Invindicatus, 495. Invitabilis, 495. Invito, 495. Involucrum, 495. lotacismus, 495. Ir, 496- Itineralis, 496. lugalis, 496. luges, 496. lumentarius, 496. lunctivus, 496, lurator, 496. Ins, 497. lus Gentium, 500. luvenalis, 510. luvenilis, 510. luxta, 510. INDEX. K, 510. L, 511. Labdacismus, 512. Labina, 512. Labosas, 512. Lactatio, 512. Lacto, 512. Laetrorsum, 513, Laetrum, 513. Lammeiun, 513. Landica, 513. Languitas, 513. Laqnear, lacuar, 513- Latro, 514. Lavo, -IS, 514. Lavo, -as, 514. Lausia, 515. Lecebra, 515.- Legatus, 515. Lenis, 515. Lex, 515. Liberalitas, 517. Licentia poetica, 517- Liceo, 517. Lixa, 518. Lixo, 518. Loquacitas, 518. Lucar, 518. Lucetius, 518. Lncunar, 518. Lureo, 518. Lnstmm, 518.. Lutina, 518. M, 519. Mactus I, 519. Mactus II, 521. Macto, 52 J, Maesius, 522. Magmentum, 522. Malatns, 522, Malchio, 522. Maleformis, 523. Maleiurus, 523. Mandela, 523. Mandibulum, 523. Manes, 523. Manipulosus, 524. Manuale, 524. Marcido, 524. Marcjtus, 524. Marsio, 524. Marsiippium, 524. Martensis, 524. Matureo, 524. Mediastinus, 524. Merarins, 525. Mercedimerus, 525. Metncolosus, 525. Mixtus, 526. Modico, 536. Monoclitus, 526. Moralitas, 526. Morifico, 526. Morsus, 526. Mos, 526. Mostellaria, 528. Mulgarium, 528. Mundus, 528. Munus, 530. Mutilus, 531. Mytacismus, 531. N, 532. Naticae, 532. Navio, 532. Nebulo, 532. Nector, 533. Neriosus, 533. Nexus, 533. Ninnarus, 533. Novacularius, 533. Noxa, 533. Noxalis, 535. Noxatio, 535. Noxns, 535. Numenlaedere,535. Nuncupo, 536. Nymphaticus, £37- O, 537- Ob, 538. Obesulus, 538. Obesus I, 638. Obesus II, 538. Obligatio, 538. Oblitteratus, 538. Oblustro, 538. Obnecto, 538. Obnoxius, obnoxio- sus, 538. Obscuritas, 539. Obscus, obscenus, 540- Obsequium, 540. Observatio, 540. Obsidio, 540. Obsorptio, 540. Obter, 540. Obverto, 540. Oburbo, 540. Occrucio, 64I: Occupativus, 541. Offector, 541. Offendix, 541. Offibulo, 541. Offimentum, 541. OUi, 641. Opera, 541. Opperimentum, 541- Opus, 541. Ora, 541. Oratio, 542. Orator, 542. Orbatio, 542. Ordo, 542. Originatio, 542. Ostentatura, 542. Ostentatns, 542. Ostile, 542. P, 542- Paca mater, 543. Pactilis, 543. Pactuor, 543. Pagus, 543. Palla, 544. Palma, 545. Panarius, 545. Pancra, 545. Pandectes, 545. Pantilins, 545. Paracentia Minerva, 645- Parens, 545. Parentactos, 545. Parentarium, 545. Parenticida, 545. Participialis, 545. Partio, 546. Passio, 546. Passivoneutrum, 546. Pastuosns, 546. Paumentum, 546. Pecoratns, 546. Pectenarins, 546. Pecudarius, 546. Pecnosns, 546. Pedatus, 546. Pedo, 546. Pellector, 546. PelHcio, 546. Percipio, 547. Percontativus mo- dus, 549. Perfectus, 549. Pergenuo, 549. Pergula, 549. Peristromnm, 549. Permoror, 549. Perpennius, 549. Perpetuus modus, 549- 623 Persecutrix, 549. Persipiens, 549. Personativum pro- nomen, 549. Pervasor, 549. Philosophus, 550. Pigmentum, 550. Pilo, 550. Pindo, 550. Pinguis, 550. Pinna, 550. Pinnare, 551. Pinsitor, 551. Pinsor, 551. Plaga, 551. Plagium, 552. Piano, 552. Plantatio, 552. Planus pes, 552. Platea, 553. Plecta, 552. Plemino, 552. Poculentus, 552. Poeta, 553. Polibo, from polio, 553. Pontifex, 553. Popa, 554. Popularis, 554. Popularitas, 554. Populi, 554. Positio, 554. Possessivus, 555. Postomis, 555. Potus, 555. Praeceratus, 555. Praedatio, 555. Praedicatio, 555. Praedormio, 555. Praefascini, 555. Praefascino, 555. Praeferentia, 555. Praelativus gradus, 555- Praeparatio, 555. Praepes, 555. Praes, 556. Praescius, 558. Praeeento, 558. Praesilium, 558. Praestabilis, 558. Praeverbium, 558. Prandicularius, 558. Prella, 558. Pressa vox, 558. Primigenius, 558. Primitivus, 558. Principalis, 559. Principalitas, 559. 62,4 INDEX. Pristis, 569- Proauctor, 560. Procax, 66o- Progenies, 560. Progressio, 560. Proicio, 560. Promissivus modus, 560. Promptnaritim, 560. Pronuntio, 560. Protelatio, 560. Proultimus, 560. Publica opinio, 560. Puerarius, 560. Pullarius, 560, Pulvis, 560, Q, 561- Quaestnarius, 561. Qualitas, 561. Qualitativus, 561. Quattuorvir, 563. R, 562. Ramen, 562. Rapter, 562. Ratio, 562. Rebilis, 567. Recens, 567. Recessio, 567. Recidivus, 5S7. Reciniatus, 568. Recinium, 568. Recisamen, 568. Reclinatio, 568. Reconsidero, 568. Recordativus, 568. Recordo, 569. Recrispo, 569. Redemptio, 569. Redivivus, 569, Reduvia, 569. Refectio, 570. Regionalis, 570. Relatio, 570. Relativus, 570. Relga togiae, 570. Religio, 570. Remastico, 573. Remeabilis, 573. Remigator, 573. Remotivus, 573. Remulceo, 573. Remuico, 573. Remuneratio, 574. Repagula, 574. Repagulum, 574. Repletivus, 574. Repotia, 574. Res, 575. Respondere casui, 579- Reversus, 579. Rogatio, 679. Rotula, 579. Ructus, 579. Rudimentnm, 579, Rues, 580. RuUus, 580. Rumo, 580. Rutramen, 580, S, 580. Saccellarius, 581. Saeculum, 581. Salmentum, 582, Salsipotis, 582. Sanctus, 582, Sario, 582. Sarra, 583. Sarraster, 583. Sarritio, Sarritor, etc., 583. Sarrus, 583. Sartio, 583. Sartor, 583. Sartorius, 583. .Sartura, 583. Satyrographus, 5 S 3. Scariola, 583. Scaurarius, 584. Scaurea, 584. Scriptor, 584. Scrofa, 584. Scrupulator, 584. Scylaceum, 584. Scylaceus, 584. Secordis, 584. Sectarius, 584. Segmentarius, 584. Segmentum, 584. Sella, 585. Seminatio, 585. Semineutralis, 585. Semiplagium, 585. Semiplenus, 585. Semiremex, 585, Sensualis, 585. Sensus, 585. Separatio, 585. Serenus, 585. Sesquias, 586. Silentia, 586. Silva, 586. Simplicitudo, 586. Sincinia, 586. Singularius, 587. Solacium, 587. Soliditas, 587. Solium, 587. Sparus, 588. Speculator, 588. Spica, 588. Spina, 588. Splendidus, 588. Splendor, 588. Stillicidium, 588. Stipa, 589. Stirillum, 5S9. Strictura, 589. Stuppa, 589. Stupparius, 589. Subgluttus, 590. Subineptus, 590. Subium, 590. Subiunctivus, 590. Sublica, 590. Subreptor, 590. Subsessor, 590. Substantia, 590. Substillo, 590. Subsumen, 590, Subtemen, 590, Subtilitas, 691, Subversio, 591. Succedaneus, 591. Snccendeo, 591. Succipio, 591. Suffraginatus, 591. SufTuror, 591. Suffusio, 592. Summitas, 592. Superarius, 592. Superficies, 592. Superliminium,5 9 2 . Supinus, 592. Suppetiatus, 592. Supplicium, 592. Susceptio, 693. Suus, 693. T, 697- Taedium, 697. Tamen, 597. Tarditas, 597. Temero, 697- Templum, 598, Tenacitas, 599. Teneo, 599. Terebellum, 600. Testo, 600. Teucriades, 600. Tignuarius, 600. Tilinus, 600. Tippula, 600. Titulus, 600. Titus, 600. Tonitralis, 600, Tonsura, 600. Torquis, 601. Tossilla, 601. Trachalio, 601. Tractatus, 601. Tracto, 602. Trahere tempus, 602. Transfiguratio,6o2 , Travius, 602. Tricodatus, 602. Trumen, 602. Tucca, 602. Turrus, 602. U or V, 602. Vadus, 603. Vagax, 604, Vas, 604. Vascus, 606. Vatillum, 605. Ubertumbus, 606. Venialis, 606. Verbena, 606. Verro, 607. Vindicius, 607. Ulterius tempus, 609. Unitus, 609. Usurpo, 609. FINIS. SELECT LIST OF STANDARD WORKS PRINTED AT DICTIONARIES Page i ENGLISH AND ROMAN LAW 2 HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, ETC. . . ,,3 PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC, ETC. „ 6, PHYSICAL SCIENCE 1. DICTIONARIES. A New English Dictionary on Historical Prin- ciples, founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society. Imperial 4to. In Parts, price 12s. 6d. each. Vol. I (A and B), half morocco, 2I. 12s. 6d. Part rV, Section 2, C — CASS, beginning Vol. II, price 5s. Part V, CASS— COL. In the Press. Edited by James A. H. Murray, LL.D. Vol. Ill (E, P, and G), Part I, edited by Henry Bradley. In the Press. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, arranged on an Historical Basis. By W. W. Skeat, Litt.I>. 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