K K m'^-'M i'tate Olallegc of Agticulture At QJornEll JlmnecHitjj JItljaca. N. 5. lll'^liliit'iM '^^'^^RSITV LIBRARV 3 1924 051 998 791 m Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924051998791 JA WCS UAY TV took slvoiuia^ KoiD to Wla ana eQuip a practieal up to date Dairj^ Bariv cfKe James Manu^cturin^ Co. fort AtkiixsoTv, Wiscoivsiiv. ^iiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiii IIIII[N1IIIIIII[NIIIIIIIIII[I1 tTT' TkB mm o CATALOG No. 24 THIS edition is issued May 1 , 1 91 8, and is subject to change without notice. The James Manufacturing Co. reserves the right to make changes or improvements at any time without any obhgation to install same on equipment previously sold. For the convenience of readers, a com- plete index at the end of the book has been provided. Copyright 1918 by JAMES MANUFACTURING CO. Fort Atkinson, Wi; Eln N. Y. iiiiiftiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiniiiii Foreword HIS book IS issued as a practical guide to him who is interested in or should interest himself in the better building and better - equipment of barns — particularly dairy barns. Ifltfflv^t It has been the privilege of the James Manufacturing Com- ^ji pany to originate Sanitary dairy barn equipment ideas that '^'11 make it easy to maintain the conditions of cleanliness in the stable required by law; equipment that not only helps in keeping the barn clean but eifects great savings of labor, time and feed, forces cows to give more milk and prevents in many ways losses by accidents and disease. How this equipment accomplishes such results is told in this volume. Whatever faults this book may have, I believe it has at least one merit — that every word in it is true. I know that there has been no intentional exagger- ation or misstatement in any way. The facts are plenty good enough. From the very beginning of this business, we have been called on by cus- tomers and prospective customers for information and advice, not only regard- ing the arrangement of the floor space, but also the design of the dairy barn throughout. In order that we might serve our customers, we early established a Barn Planning Department for the benefit of all who might be interested in the building of good barns. This Department has rapidly grown from year to year until it has now become a great clearing house of ideas relating to the improvement of dairy and other farm buildings. As a part of this service we publish the following pages regarding dairy barn construction; not with any thought that these pages cover the subject comprehensively, but rather as a bird's-eye view of the general subject with specific suggestions on the more important points. The subject matter and the drawings apply to the conditions in territory where cows are housed over night and in cold or bad weather; but we are also in position to advise as to barns in warmer climates. If you do not f nd in this book the information you desire regarding barn construction, I hope you will feel perfectly free to write this Company or write me personally and we shall be glad to do what we can to help you solve your barn problems. Experienced members of our organization make frequent journeys to various sections of the country. When letters asking for advice are received by us, it is often possible to have one of these competent men call in person, without expense to you, to help solve the barn questions that are troubling you. We are glad to do this whenever possible. The business has now grown so large that I am no longer able to give personal attention to every detail ; and if at any time you feel that you are not getting the service you desire, or if there is anything not entirely pleasing to ra| / / mi I sned.^„d Equipped the JeoVfes^y,. How this I>w•ll.^^a,uW look williout »ormeiv\Vi,„lows : mendfj llospiiivl, Tievo.se, l\x . -Designed. ixnci IL<|uippecllKe Jcx 7AY 19 These dormers also serve the more important purpose of givmg hght and ventilation to the haymow. You know what it is to mow hay on a hot sum- mer's day, and can readily appreciate the value of ventilation and light in that part of the building. The ventilators can also be made to add to the appearance of the barn if they are correctly designed, and they can be made to aid in the ventilation of the mow, as well as of the stable. The Walls The average height of the stable ceiling should be from eight feet six inches to nine feet, at the walk behind the cows. Of course, as the floor is usually built, this means that the height will be about ten inches less at the feed alley. A greater height than nine feet calls for more heat to keep the stable com- fortable, and is of no advantage in other ways. As the dairy section extends from the warm south to the cold northwest, the construction should be modified to meet conditions. In the south, a wall of one layer of siding, tongued and grooved, or battened, is sufficient for warmth, while at the northern extreme, one or more dead air spaces are needed. The barn must be planned according to the climate. In the south, barns may be built without wooden sides, canvas curtains being provided to keep out the little chill that is sometimes present. On the other hand, it is almost impossible to keep the stable on the Dakota prairie sufficiently warm when a blizzard is blowing. When building a concrete basement, the door header should never be placed lower than the mudsills. To do so might make it difficult to put in a carrier outfit, excepting by breaking out the concrete so as to allow the track to pass. Posts or Columns In the planning of the barn, one of the most serious things is the arrange- ment of the posts or columns. These should always be located about six inches in the clear back of the curb, in line with the stall partition; or else just back of the partition. If a post is located in the stall frame, it interferes with the proper construc- tion of the cement curb; if ahead of the stall frame it interferes with the man^^er or the allev; if located other than in a line with the stall partition it takes up room out of the stall. "^3^ JiiPaGS T^9£^ 21 A post six inches back of the stall frame does not interfere with making the curb; or just back of the partition does not interfere with the installation of the equipment. Dairymen and farmers are finding the James Metal Columns (filled with red granite, torpedo washed sand and Portland cement) far better supports for the barn than wood. They occupy one-third the space, are fireproof, interfere less with light and with the circulation of air, are neater, more up to date in appearance and are more durable, costing less in the long run than wood. There is absolutely no objection to columns in the stable, providing they are properly located. Columns are less expensive than the trussing required if they are dispensed with — at the same time they leave the haymow clear of obstructions. The 4'/2-inch James Column for example, has a safe carrying capacity equivalent to an oak or yellow pine post 6 in. x 8 in. ; or a white pine post 8 inches square. A 4^-inch James Column has a cross section area of 15.9 sq. in. as com- pared with 48 sq. in. cross section of the oak or yellow pine post, or 64 sq. in. of the white pine post referred to in the above paragraph. Thus it will be seen that the James Column of equal strength takes prac- tically only one-fourth to one-third the space occupied by the wood posts. Stable Floors A good stable floor should be impervious to water that it may be sanitary; it must be easy to clean; comfortable for the cow; and durable in service. It should not rot nor wear out, nor be expensive to construct. The old-style wood floor had the merit of being warm and easy on the feet of the cattle. It is long since out of date, however, because it soon gets foul, rots out quickly, and becomes unsanitary; is high in first cost; and its life is short — three to five years being the usual life of a wooden floor. The two materials now widely used for stable floors which can be rec- ommended are concrete and cork brick. Concrete floors have proven very satisfactory in most ways, meeting every requirement for the dairy barn floor, with one exception — it has been found injurious to cows to stand or lie on its cold, hard surface. The problem is solved by using concrete for the entire floor, covering the stall floor with cork brick, the cracks being filled with cement. The surface is easily kept clean, is impervious to moisture, warm and easy on the feet of the cattle. s«*-»-?s ^J^X-. \m'* ^ssawfflswBsaBi^ J^ riii^rrrm^ R??^i ^i'^iiii^ "»'■;■-,:-: -""-^r^mmAk^ '-r BP --:: ^B|p- 1 ^ V rT™B ... ._ 1 ggij 1 Hi.'il 13».i-n o/" D. M.I3c-i\cli. VVivtkin's! Glen, NiV^_^ 1 M-S^^ "^5^ JAPaCS Wn.Y 23 Material for Concrete Floors The dirt floor of the stable should be as level as possible, thoroughly tamped and well wet, so that no settling will occur. It is advisable, before laying the concrete, to spread a foundation of porous material, such as gravel, cinders or sand, evenly on the surface and thoroughly tamp. The depth of this porous foundation will depend upon the drainage of the soil. Where a fill of earth has been provided, this foundation need not be more than four inches thick. Thickness of Concrete Floor The usual thickness of a stable floor is four inches concrete grout with Yi inch to 1 inch thick facing on top of the concrete grout. Proportions of Materials A mixture of one part of Portland cement, two and a half parts sharp, coarse, clean sand, and five parts coarse, clean gravel is used; for the upper %,-inch facing one part of Portland cement, two parts sharp coarse clean sand. No loam dust, vegetable matter or clay should be allowed in the material, as it tends to form a layer over the face and keeps the cement from binding it into a solid mass. Mixing the Concrete The water used should be fresh and clean, free from any acids or strong alkalis. The water should not be put in the mixer with a hose, but should be measured, and when the proper consistency has been found, use exactly the same amount for each batch. The concrete should be mixed in batches. All materials should be first thoroughly mixed dry, after which the water is added and the mixing continued until the concrete is uniform. Gutter A properly constructed gutter is very essential to insure strict sanitation. It should have vertical sides, at least four inches deep, to break the spatter, and make it easy to clean with an ordinary shovel. The size of gutter which has proven most satisfactory is sixteen inches wide, six or seven inches deep on the stall side and four inches deep on the other. Often the alley back of the cow is pitched iust a trifle, so that the liquid manure and flushing water will run back into the gutter. Mangers and gutters should be provided with drainage, to be used onl]' for washing out — never for the purpose of removing the manure. .L^j^K i: Darn of D. V AVhiteleather CdKmibi-A City U^.A. -T)c.»ij;n..d and Equipped th,; Jun->e..Wny _____ __ _5E!f, ^^ ^ G S T>J AY 23 Most dairymen now consider it the best practice to preserve tlie fertilizing value of liquid manure by the use of absorbents, such as cut straw, shavings, etc. The method of handhng liquid manure by draining into a cistern is no longer considered favorably, because of the difficulty in handling. Plank Frame Barns There are many types of dairy barns, with many modifications of each type. But of late years the plank frame barn, in one form or another, has become the most popular. Since its construction is not as well known as some of the other types, we are devoting space to this special class of buildings. The principal reasons for the building of the plank frame barn are : 1 . The fact that it saves in cost of lumber. 2. It provides far more storage room in the hayloft. 3. Is much more easily built than any other type, if the correct method of erection is followed. In building the plank frame barn, ordinarily no piece of timber is used thicker than two inches. Girders, trusses, purlines and tie plates are built up of two or more 1 5^-inch to 2-inch planks, four to twelve inches wide if barn is not wider than forty feet. With the scarcity of heavy timbers and their consequent high cost, it is worth while for farmers to study this newer method of framing. With the old-style heavy timber framing, the cutting of the mortise and tenon joints required much skill and labor. Since a truss, like a chain, can be no stronger than its weakest point, many of the heavy timber frames are not as strong as they may appear — the joints being only as strong as the thickness of the timber in the tenon. The girders built up of planks retain the full strength of all of the timber, and are as satisfactory as the solid timber girders of the same area. The use of modern hay carrying machinery calls for barns with open centers. In the plank frame barn there are no cross beams nor heavy sup- porting timbers to interfere with such machinery. With this style of framing one man can do as much work in mowing away hay as three with the old-style frame, there being no obstructions to interfere with and delay the work and it not only requires less help to put the hay into the barn, but it requires less labor to take it out. This open loft also provides far more storage space. The photographs and blue prints herewith should make the method of building the plank frame barn quite clear; and if you could see such a barn :;?s^^fe in process of construction, you would realize that this type of barn is so easy to build that a skilled carpenter is hardly required to do the work. H. A. Bennett, Ridgewood, N. J., writes: "We have built a dairy barn from the plans which you prepared for us, and must say that we are well pleased with the plank frame barn; the erection of it was very cheaply done as to labor, and we saved lots of heavy lifting, besides the economy in construction of the plank frame cannot be compared with the old heavy timber frame." No scaffolding of any kind whatever is needed, and if the right method of raising the trusses is followed, no difficulty will be experienced. The first step, of course, is the excavation for the foundations, and good practice requires that this extend below the frost line. Sometimes the first story is built of concrete or stone. Where this is done, the ventilatmg intake flues may be of tile or galvanized pipe, set in place and the concrete poured or the stone laid around them. Many object to the concrete wall, however, on the ground that it transmits too much moisture. It is also somewhat more difficult and more expensive to set window frames and intake flues in the stone wall than in frame construction. The way preferred by many is to build the foundation of tile, stone or concrete to the window bases, completing the first story with a frame wall — 2 X 8s or 2 X 1 Os forming the studding up to the ceiling. With such a wall it is easy to set in the window frames; and the space between the studding gives room for the proper installation of the ventilating intake flues, tapping the outside for the register face, and the inside for the complete register. By using the joists or other timbers for the concrete forms, the cost of lumber for this special purpose can be saved. Experience makes it clear that where anything but tile or wood is used for the wall or foundation extended to window level, it must be furred out to give the necessary dead air space. Only in this way can such walls be made satisfactory. After the foundation is in and the frame for the first story wall completed, the columns are next put in place, the proper footings for same having been provided. It is important that the footings be of ample size; if they are not, the building may settle, cracking the concrete floor and doing other damage. Metal columns being used, the bottom of the column should be two to six inches below the finished floor line, depending on the method of finishing the floor. When these columns are in place the girders may be laid. As suggested before, there are two kinds of girders — one of solid timber, the other continuous built up from two-inch planks. The latter are usually preferable, being stronger because any defects in the lumber are apt to be better distributed. Care must be used to so stagger 't-^^i*^ j-ii'i,i^._.^.i the joints that the girder has uniform strength; the spacing of the joints depend- ing on the distance between supporting posts and on certain other conditions. The foundation, the frame of the first-story wall, supporting columns and girders all being in place, the floor joists are next put in. Then a temporary floor of loose boards is laid on the joists, so that the workmen can move about freely while raising the trusses into place. The plans will show exactly how to cut and put the first truss together — which will look like Illustration 1 , page 26. When this first truss is completed, it may be laid out on the floor, and all the other trusses may then be built exactly like it, one on top of the other, thus insuring absolute accuracy. When all the trusses necessary have been finished, the first truss is placed in position at one end of the barn. This is usually done by placing the feet of the truss at the places where they are to rest when in position; with the top of the truss toward the center of the barn. Blocks are then spiked to the joists at the proper points, so as to keep the feet of the truss in place while being raised; the feet of the truss resting against these blocks and pivoting on them. A gin pole (shown in Illustration 3) is erected at the end of the barn in the center, leaning at an angle of about 45 degrees toward the center of the barn; a block and tackle is rigged, the rope passing over the gin pole and attached to the upper parts of the truss. A horse or team is hitched to the block and tackle, and the truss quickly raised to position. A gang of men can do the same work, but the horse or team is cheaper. A few men with guy ropes are necessary, to steady the truss while being raised. As soon as this first truss is up, it is braced in position temporarily, as in Illustration 1 . The second truss is then raised in like manner, and as soon as it is up the girts are added, as shown in Illustration 2. Then one after the other the trusses are put in place, the girts being spiked on as you go along. The last two trusses, when laid in position for raising, will project over the end of the barn. The projecting portion is supported by temporary props, which are removed when the truss is being raised. The end girts can be added at any time convenient. How much simpler than the old-time barn raising, when heavy timbers were in common use. No longer is there need for getting together thirty to forty men for the raising of a medium-sized barn! Today, a half-dozen men will put up the plank frame in less time than thirty or forty could in the old days. To put on the plates no scaffolding is needed, since it is not difficult to climb up on the truss itself. Next the purlines are put in place, raised to position with block and tackle. HBHT i I ■■ Hi King JHiiiiiiigngimmiiirniii Ri\i-i-» fW^^IcunTi Krnmn <^^ JAPQGS hJflY 31 Before putting on the rafters and cornice, the siding is nailed on; it can be done more conveniently before the rafters and roof boards are in place, there being nothing to interfere with nailing on the boards under the cornice. Light The manner in which a barn is lighted is of importance. A dark barn is bad in several ways. The most important objections are, that it is difficult to keep clean, and is unhealthful. Make the barn sunny, for sunlight is Nature's greatest disinfectant, and of material assistance in keeping the cows healthy. There should be an abundance of windows. As a rule, four square feet of glass should be provided for each animal in the barn. In cold climates, the windows should be a single sash of what is known as double-glazed windows. Do not run windows crosswise. The vertical window is far preferable. With a rectangular barn, it is well to have the long way north and south. This will admit more direct sunlight to the stalls for the greater part of the day. Windows placed in the north side of a barn are of little service, for they admit no direct sunlight, which is necessary to destroy bacteria. South windows are always excellent, but, unless numerous, do not admit so much light to all parts of the barn as when placed on both east and west sides. The position of windows is a matter of importance. Buildings with thick walls require larger windows to admit the same amount of light. It is best to place windows the long way up and down, for they will admit more light than when placed horizontally. They should be flush on the inside, to prevent accumulation of dust. A single-sash window hung at the bottom is more practical than the double- sash, as the single-sash window can be dropped at the top, and the air as it enters is forced to the ceiling, thereby preventing drafts. Silos and Silage Sizes.-^As a matter of convenience in helping select the size of silo required, we give below, list of regular sizes, the capacities, and number of stock that can be fed. No. of cows N< 3. of cows No. of cows it will keep It will keep it will keep Dimen- Tons for 6 mos „40 Dimen- Tons tor 6 mos., 40 Dimen- Tons for 6 mos., 40 sions Capacity lbs. per day sions Capacity lb s. per day sions Capacity lbs. oer day 8x20,. .. 19.. . ... 4 12x24.. .... 50... 13 14x30.. ,,,, 83,,, ....23 8x24.. . , 22.. 6 12x25 . ., 54,,, ,14 14x34., ,,,, 93,,. ....26 10x20 2S 7 12x28. , ,, 57,.. ,15 16x22,, .... 81.. 23 10x22.. 31 , 8 12x30 .. 60... .16 16x24,, . 85.. .25 10x24 ■4 n 12x34.. .... 68... .19 16x26,, 05 . .26 10x26.. . ... 37 . ...10 14x22 . . . 62.,, .17 16x28,, . .102... 29 10x30 . ... 43.. . ... 40. . .. ■|2 .11 14x24. 14x26. ,,,, 67,,, , ,, 72,,, .19 .21 16x30,, 16x34,, ....108... 31 12x20,. ....110... ...31 12x22.. . ... 45.. 12 14x28.. ,,,, 78,,, .22 16x38,, .,,,122,. ...33 ^Ifmm^ ' f *' '**** ^ liH i^iMiii^ ■ mm -J. - - — ■■■^ liM ?»^^~"^^3=d •3/D£^ £-i.^yAr/Q/^ I 1^ yiiiii ^^•1! •REAR ELBVATICN- -FiiONT ELEVATION' dice CLt^i'^r/u/^^ 2- 2"X 10 COVER PLAT LIS -z-w Ay 2>G'E(RACr. 2-2V!12'-5-4" COVER Pl-ATES NOTE HX l-l ^1^ SHORT LUnBER \S 1/ /o/,-^u5tD 3PLlCt THUS. PURLIN PLATE. 2-2'AlO" 2'A 10- 5-10' GU-55ET BETWmi NQTL WHERE LONG LUHBER- CAN BE. OBTAlNtD FRAME THU5 - P05T 2-2A6 -IM" BRIDGING /3-2"A1Z'|T1E: ^-GIRnK-RsjlfAllf- . — 4z'vMmh:5 column i i- . ■;■« 4!: i H TYPICAL. TRUSS 2:A6"tEACH ratter 2-2-Xl(r COVER 2X12.' joisra,. 2X12-160X: ^'f^^^ijX J^'^^^i^^liS, II ■ il il im ill i'jtao'ANcttORo -^ — -i , '-e-z-x^or COMCRE.TE. Vv5<\Ul. 3-2"xio' , 51DL tULVATlON Or rRr\MlNC IBIIfilSS^ ^^Sk illii m CONNKTION AT B 3 PCS Z-X12- M.TWELN JOISTi WELL SPIKED yWP MLTtD TO STAY ELND FRAMING END 5TAY5-A-A ^^^ HAY chute: OPENING OrXSQ. fUOORlNG^-, J015T ^ " - 2"X4-" DRESSED. 5LCTI0N, VIEW LOOWNG UPWARD IRON ROLLE.R \ " ANOTHEIK MtTnOD. XIDING DOOK TOR MAY CHUTE. OPElilNG IN CDLING. CWICRETE - OUTSigt ELLVATION . i INSIDE ELCIMTION. SECTION %A- DET/dL or witiom & frame VlTTt JAMtS VENTILATIMe SHIILLDS. HORIZONTAL SEjCTION.'B-^ L^i^^n 2>c4-v34t5.( Kai^ -2-aio"-?.4'o.c -2'A5"-24-'O.C. RATTERS 2X6'24'aC.v :- rxio-24-o.c. we.ll maileii 25(&" /U4' BRIDGING ao»6T5 SVtlO". GIRDER 5-li'A3i— -"31' JAMES COV-UMNS-^ UTTER CAKR\E.'R ^ TYPICAL CROSS MICTION. INTERMEDIATL KAFTT.13). S-.l'XlO" clX-4 BRIIIGIMG rJ015T3 2-XVO- E4-'QC CP05S SECTION 36^' SRKN. 2'A6' 5LCTI0NA-A. 1-M-;&K1DC1IVG rJO\Z>\5 ZX\Z-3^'QC. YX.4- WO. ^^TUDPING 2'X6-£4'O.C. •>-GlRDE?-5- 11:^3^" |L^4iJM^ES COLUMNS TYPICAL a^53 5LCTIOM OG^'SPAW. LrtClf'^FTlIB Z-K/^-Z^OC. rx&" EACH RArTEH. -e"X6" EJ\Cf\ -RATTE-K i2X6- S-0 £ACt1 RAFTEK ■ UAFTEES ANP C)TUDP\NG ?XG-24"0.C. Z-2"X6'-P1-AT£, /g'Xfc"- 6-0" OC. \ rM-'51?\DGir«fG. '^2X6' fsjo 1 5T5 g'X^O'-24"0-C. '3VJAME.3 COL-UMNS- HTTE.K CARliitR TRACK. CB05S 3EGT10N36FT ^VAH. .'«.-■ .-»• t-a,Jsi I)fv«is;i\«d ai-vd'x<|aipi'Ed tile da-iifies Way . ^<5/^ JAPQGS bJAV 73 The air at the ceiling being warmest, the fresh air is gradually warmed as it descends. Where the cows face out, air enters from the side wall near the ceiling; where the cows face in, the air is brought to the center of the barn and enters the stable through the ceiling. Thus the fresh air always reaches the cows' noses before passing over the gutter, the intakes being so located that the foul air is drawn out from the rear of the cows. See page 54, 55, 58 and 59. This principle is a James idea. By the proper spacing of the intakes and the correct location of the out- takes fresh air is so thoroughly diffused before reaching the cows that no harm ful drafts are created, as often occurs when opened windows are used for ventilation. There are many details, however, that must be observed in order that the system be fully efficient. Essentials for the success of the system are covered in the following paragraphs : 1 . The barn walls and ceiling should be as nearly air-tight as possible, consistent with economy ; they should also be good non-conductors of heat. 2. The air should be made to enter and leave only through the flues designed and arranged for that purpose; m order that the heat lost may assist in ventilating the barn, haychutes, stairways and other openings should be kept closed. 3. The flues through which the foul air is taken from the barn should be of a warm, air-tight construction, so protected as not to hinder the draft by allowing the outgoing air to cool too rapidly. The foul air flues should be at least twenty-five feet in height; the opening into the flue being about one foot from the floor, in order that the coldest air may be removed, and with an open- ing of like size at the ceiling for the removal of moist air, should moisture at any time become excessive. These outtake flues should be as straight as pos- sible, with the proper capacity to insure a sufficiently rapid change of air. Outtake flues built on the outside of the barn are unsatisfactory. 4. The fresh air flues, to be most effective should be air-tight, having their inlets outside of the barn, about midway between floor and ceiling and their openings into the stable within eight inches of the ceiling when the stalls face out. Fresh air intakes should be not more than twelve or fourteen feet apart, and should have a joint capacity exceeding that of the foul air outtakes. 5. If the cows face the center of the barn, the fresh air should enter the stable through the ceiling at the center through pairs of registers — one for each side of the barn — the registers in each pair being separated. If the cows face <(5^ JAOOGS Tjjg^ 75 out, the fresh air should enter through the walls at the ceiling. This brings the fresh air to the cows' noses before it has any chance of being contaminated by passing over the gutters. 6. The foul air outtakes should be so located as to insure a thorough diffusion of the fresh air throughout the stable, leaving no "dead" spots of foul air at the ends, sides or center of the barn. 7. The outside opening of the outtake flue must be properly capped. We have for many years been engaged in the designing of dairy barns which have called for systems of ventilation; and during these years we have been called on to examine hundreds of barns in which the ventilation was not working properly. Very frequently the trouble has been traced to an improperly con- structed cupola. The most frequent fault found is the tendency to make the cupola too small. If the cupola is too small, the system will not work satisfactorily, regardless of how carefully the balance of the system may be installed. Another frequent difficulty is found in making the cap too low, smothering the draft. And sometimes trouble is caused by going to the other extreme, making the cap too high, so that the wind blows down the outtake flues, forcing the air out through the intake flues. One is apt not to understand just how large a ventilator should be unless the subject has been studied very carefully; and when a cupola is home-made, or purchased in a local shop, one is likely to underestimate the size required. 8. Ventilators of correct construction should be used in connection vs'ith the system, to secure the added benefit of a forced draft or suction to pull foul air out of the barn. These ventilators should be properly connected to the outtake flues. See page 56. 9. When the barn does not contain the number of animals for which it is designed, the intakes may be partially closed, so as to restrict ventilation to an amount proportioned to the number of cattle in the barn. This is some- times necessary in a partially filled barn, to keep it from getting too cold. There must, however, be enough cows in the stable to generate sufficient heat to maintain the difference in temperature between the stable and out-of-doors to secure the most efficient ventilation. Degree of Ventilation Necessary Authorities differ as to the amount of air to be provided in a stable, but at the present time they seem well united in considering that when it does not contain over 314 pei' cent of air once breathed, fairly good ventilation would be provided. t>->5fc.»" K«|-u.il>l3etr ilac James "Way ^<5^ JAOQGS Tjd^iS: 77 The need of a continuous and sufficient supply of fresh air cannot be over- estimated. To secure good ventilation we have arbitrarily assumed the following: 1 . That the flow of air in a square outtake flue will have at least an average velocity in the flue of 250 feet per minute, without mechanical forcing or the aid of heat other than that derived from the animals in the space to be ventilated. 2. That the standard of purity of fresh country air contains no more than four parts carbon dioxide in 1 0,000, and that the standard of purity which is to be preserved in the space to be ventilated be not over 1 7 parts of carbon dioxide in 10,000. 3. It is also assumed that the average relative humidity of fresh country air is 65 per cent or less. To secure this air movement, the number of cubic feet of air required per head per hour would be as follows: TABLE 1. Cu. Ft. Per Hour Assumed Weights Per Head Per Head For Horses 4,924 1 ,200 pounds For Cows 3,953 1,100 pounds For Swine 1,510 1 60 pounds For Sheep 929 1 00 pounds For Hens 37 3 pounds With different weights per head, the amounts of air would change in proportion. How to Figure Sizes of Flues For example, an outtake ventilating flue for thirty cows \vould require 30 X 3953 =1 18,590 cu. ft. of air per hour. We will assume an air movement of 250 feet per minute, which equals 15,000 feet per hour. To ascertain the cross section area of the outtake flue required for the cows, it is only necessary to divide the number of cubic feet of air required for 30 cows, by i 5,000, thus, 1 18,590 cu. ft.- 15,000 equals 7.906 sq. ft., requiring a flue 34 inches by 34 inches, or two flues 24 inches by 24 inches each. For every outtake flue there should be a number of intake flues whose combined area exceeds that of the outtake flue by 10 per cent, even in view of the unavoidable leakage of air through the walls and around the windows and doors. Thirty cows require an outtake flue of 1 1 38.5 sq. in. area; then these cows should have an intake of 1138.5 sq. in. plus 10 per cent which would be liaiMi ^f Stivle TtibeccLil oMift ,S an i I iv i- 1 li iii. 1) e K u> n p d i\n cl li t| ti i p |j e cl the tl ivm e s Wi,w. ^0 months after the installation of James equipment, all other conditions being equal. One hour a day in cleaning a string of 15 cows indicates the saving in time, and we have had no damaged udders since the installation of your equipmiCnt, which in itself is a tremendous saving in the production of certified milk." James Manufacturing Company, Auburndale, Wisconsin, November 14, 1917. Fort Atkinson, Wis. Dear Sir; "How did you used to clean the barn?" A high heap of manure graced the barnyard. An icy plank led up to the summit. With a full wheelbarrow I made the hired man "Walk the plank," which he did with fear and trembling and sometimes copious "cuss" words. With concrete floors, gutters, mangers, and feed alleys made according to James specifications, and your overhead track for manure carrier and a forty-foot swinging crane, there is no "cussing" now around our dairy barn. While the hired man may not be a saint he is a happy citizen, willing to stay a while longer on the farm. We have steel stalls and stanchions for 32 head of cattle. Daily I am constrained to say, "I do not see how I ever stood it to get along year after year in the old. dirty, hard way." The fact is I kept paying for barn equipment over and over and did not have it either. I was paying for it in wasted hay and bedding. in useless efforts to keep the cows and milk clean on those old wooden floors, and most of all in the time I and my help wasted. Put this down as a cold incontrovertible fact that you pay for the equipment whether you in- stall it or not. Silage truck is a time and back saver also. As I have never kept time records on my chores, I can only give an estimate but I should say that time re- quired for bam cleaning has been cut in half and while it took a stout man to wheel manure up that slippery plank, a woman or half-grown boy can handle my manure carrier in comfort and good time. Yours truly, HOWARD MURRAY JONES. Smoky Hill Farm. James Barn Plan Service THE James Barn Planning Department is maintained for the benefit of our customers and others interested in the building of good barns. Whether you intend to build, remodel, or just make alterations or addi- tions — either now or later on — the experience, special knowledge, advice and counsel of this Department is at your service. The James barn planning service has saved hundreds of dollars each for other dairymen; and if you will take advantage of the benefits which it offers you, you also will save money in the building of your barn. This department is under the supervision of Mr. W. D. James, now known as the leading authority in the United States on the designing of dairy barns. Mr. James was born and raised on a dairy farm. A lifetime's practical experience has made him thoroughly familiar with every phase of the dairy business, from the cleaning of the barn to the handling of the profits. This, with his experience as a dairy barn designer, and as an inventor and manu- facturer of dairy barn equipment, makes his advice of the greatest practical value. Associated with him in work for our customers is a competent architect and engineer who has had unusual experience as consulting engineer in archi- tectural work, giving special attention to ventilation, reinforced concrete, steel work and structural design. Another architect with years of experience in the planning and building of dairy barns, a number of competent draftsmen and several men in charge of various divisions of the field force, complete the office staff of the Barn Plan Service Department. In the field are some two score experts whose work takes them daily into dairy barns in every part of the United States, consulting on barn prob- lems, drawing preliminary plans and reporting to the office on new ideas and unusual conditions. For years, Mr. James and his many assistants have made a careful study of dairy barns — not only how they should be equipped — but how they should be constructed, lighted, ventilated, drained — how they should be designed and arranged to be most profitable to the owner. They have personally visited tens of thousands of dairymen, have inspected their barns, and consulted with them regarding the features most essential to practical dairy stables. And they have talked with a large number of other practical dairymen on the same subject at dairy shows and fairs. Every year they furnish plans from which are built hundreds of splendid dairy barns and are called upon to solve the barn problems of other thousands of farmers through correspondence and personal consultation in our office and on the farm. JAMES barn plans represent all the biggest and best ideas in all the best barns built in every section of the counlrv. -«?^ _ CJvai-l 01 <(5^ JAPaG_S WAV 105 Wood Linings Are Necessary The wood linings of the James Steel Stanchions add to the cow's comfort, and, of course, thus tend to mcrease the milk yield. The iron or steel, while perhaps actually no colder than wood, feels colder to the touch. The reason is that steel is a good conductor of heat — it absorbs heat much more readily than wood and gives off heat more rapidly. Hence when steel comes in contact with the cow's neck, it feels cold and actually does tend to chill the cow because it is continually absorbing heat from her — heat which you furnish feed to supply. Wood, on the other hand, takes up heat very slowly, being a non-con- ductor, and hence does not chill the cow. A little experiment that will illustrate this fact may be made by simply taking hold of a steel pipe in the barn with one hand and placing the other hand on wood. Note how long the steel will continue to absorb heat, chilling the hand, and how quickly the wood warms to the hand, ceasing almost at once to absorb heat. Wood linings never become charged with frost — they are absolutely neces- sary in a metal stanchion if the comfort of the cow is to be considered. The wood linings of the James Stanchions are made of birch, thoroughly seasoned for two years, carefully milled, shaped and polished; then dipped in oil and kept in the factory six months before used. Linings are carefully fitted to the steel tees and securely attached. The James Double-Chain Hanger PATENTED The James Double Chain Hanger enables the dairyman to save money when putting in the concrete floor and rounded curb — saves feed all the time — and lessens labor in taking care of the cows. When building the curb, a great deal of labor and material is saved if the curb can be built level all the way through the barn. It takes time and wastes material to cut away the curb in each stall ; for the wood concrete form must be cut to the shape of the opening desired, and this spoils the lumber for other purposes. Besides, the cutaway curb disfigures the stall and opens wide a door for great waste of feed. Before the invention of the James Double Chain Hanger, it was not pos- sible to build the curb level, high enough to prevent the waste of feed without 106 ^^5^ JAOQGS X^£^ Actual size of James Double Chain Hanger Links. Links Ij" long inside, W" diameter. ^^57^ JA(?aGS WAV 107 lifting the stanchion so high that it seriously interfered with the cow's comfort when lying clown. To solve this difficulty the James Double Chain Hanger was invented. It permits the building of a level curb, six inches high, preventing the cow from nosing the feed out of the manger, back under her feet. At the same time, the stanchion hangs low enough so that the cow's head will be not over 10'/2 inches above the stall floor when lying down, which is the cow's natural position; and the stanchion has sufficient play to permit the cow to rise without bruising her shoulders. The Double Cham Hanger also prevents objectionable side play of the stanchion, preventing the cow reaching over into her neighbor's manger. This James invention accomplishes another important improvement, by separating the chain hanger from the hinge. The old way was to attach the chain hanger to the hinge itself, thus weakening the stanchion at the point where the greatest strength was required. The hinge got all the strain and leverage, and in time, like a piece of wire bent back and forth, would break. The James Double Chain Hanger is attached like tugs to a hame — the strain all comes on the side bars of the stanchion and not on the hinge itself. The links of the James Double Chain Hanger are hung in such a way that it is impossible for the chain to kink, causing wear and a weakening of the links. Where a slack single chain is used the links will ofttimes buckle and kink, just as the links of a watch chain will kink when held slack between the hands and then given a quick jerk. The buckling throws great strain and wear on the misplaced links. Another advantage of the Double Chain Hanger is the absence of noise. The Double Chain Hanger is furnished with flat steel links and washers at the points where attached to the alignment irons and the stanchion. The flat steel link lessens friction and resists wear. The Hinge As "a chain is no stronger than its weakest link" so a stanchion is no stronger than its vital part — the hinge. The hinge in the James 1 4J Stanchion is almost everlasting. It is a two- piece, interlocking, continuous hinge of best malleable, with a very wide bearing surface which gives it remarkable strength. It has many times the strength actually necessary; and with the hanger chains so attached as to relieve the hinge of all undue strains, absolute assurance is given that the hinge will withstand the most severe use. The hinges used in other James Stanchions are different in design but equally strong and efficient. 108 ci3^ JAPQGS Tyd££^ The James "Door Knob" Lock. Cow Proof 14 J Stanchion <^^7ik JAOQGS WaV 109 The Cow-Proof Locks If a stanchion is to be worth anything at all, its lock must be cow-proof. A stanchion that a cow can open is a source of danger and a constant cause of trouble. Only a man who has had the experience knows how big a nuisance a stanchion lock can be when it is not right; for it takes but a very little time for a cow, loose in the barn, to do a lot of damage. The James Locks are guaranteed to be right in every way, cow-proof — yet easily opened by an attendant even when wearing heavy mittens or gloves. May be opened quickly from the front or from the rear of the stall. Simply slamming the stanchion shut locks it securely. The "Door-knob" type of James Locks shown on the opposite page is opened lust as you would turn the knob on a door. It opens easily even though the cow throws her weight against the stanchion — yet no cow can open it. The James locks are safety locks from every standpoint. For economy and efficiency they are in a class of their own and have had much to do with the supremacy of the James Stanchions. Stall Frame The James Stall Frame is made of standard weight pipe, 1 Vg-inch outside diameter for the uprights, thickness of wall .14-inch, subject to the usual variation of 5 per cent under or over. The horizontal of the frame is of the same material, I'/Z inches square, thickness of wall .125 inch, subject to varia- tion named above. The square pipe prevents the alignment device from twisting, even when the bolts on the fittings are not drawn tight. If a round pipe were used for the horizontal, the alignment device would twist, dropping the stanchion enough to cause the eye bolt to wear. Exact diameter and thickness of wall of Stall Post and square horizontal pipe A"''2" rr' xl|" Carriage Bolt Actual size bolt 16 X 1 ., ^/£e J^l?aGS OJA.V 111 James Sanitary Fittings (PATENT APPLIED FOR) All fittings on James Steel Stalls are malleable, of the sanitary type, with overlapping flanges, held together with cut thread bolts of ample size. The illustrations on page 1 1 show how the edges of the two pieces of the fitting overlap in such a way that when drawn together by tightening the bolts, no openings are left m which dust can collect. The openings at the ends of the horizontal square pipe, the ends of the Sure Stop Posts and of the rod connecting the sure stops are also closed with a malleable, sanitary ornament. The ordinary malleable casting has rough fins or gate marks (where the casting is poured). These are ground smooth on all James fittings. James Stall Partitions A prominent veterinarian tells us: "Not a week passes but that I am called to treat a cow with a badly injured teat or udder, having been stepped on when lying down, by the cow next to her." The Telling-Belle Vernon Dairy Company. Cleveland, Ohio, after speaking of the increase in milk yield and sa\ing in labor say: "Aside from this we have had no damaged udders since the installation of your equipment which of itself is a tremendous saving in the production of certified milk. Formerly, we had to take out many cows, some permanently and others for varying lengths of time, owing to injuries received by adjoining cows stepping on the udders." George Steiner, Lomira, Wisconsin, writes: "I have not had a teat stepped on like with the old stalls. The James outfit over the old style is better in dozens of ways already mentioned in your book 'The James Way' and to make mention would be needless repetition.' Mr. Chas. F. Welter, Kaukauna. Wisconsin, states: "I wouldn't take double the price I paid for the James stalls and stanchions if I couldn't get any more. The stalls are worth a good lot to save the cows' udders, as in the old way I had two cows that each lost one teat by having been stepped on by another cow." You yourself have doubtless known many a valuable cow thus ruined. No careful dairyman will be without stall partitions for they are invaluable protection for both the cow and the milker, if the partition be of the proper design. A partition that is too short or that is not of the right shape to afford protection to the cow is, of course, merely a brace for the stanchion frame and is an encumbrance to the stall. With such a partition, the cow, when lying down, is exposed in a way that a neighbor may tramp on her udder. This happens not only in stalls without any partitions but in stalls where the partitions are short and incomplete. And, of course, if the partition does not protect the udder of the cow, it will not protect the milker from the cow behind him. The James Triple Curve Stall Partition, on account of its length and peculiar shape, makes such injuries impossible. It protects both the cow and the milker, at the same time bracing the stanchion frame and doing away with all ceiling posts and supports; keeps the cow from moving away from the James Triple Curve Partition as regularly furnished li" o.D. x6'ior' M. B. Wood Floor Flange James Stall Partition Anchor Extra charge is made for necessary fittings to attach partitions to steel columns 3-2", 4|" or 5" in diameter and for cutting partitions to fit. Clamps for other sizes of columns than listed must be made up special from forgings and splicing of clamps, for each of which an extra charge is made. ^^3^ JAOaSS Wa.V 113 milker; prevents her from svvmgmg around so that the litter falls on the plat- form; and prevents two cows from lying down m such a position as to pre\ent a cow in between them from lying down at all. The downward curve of the James Stall Partition permits the cow to turn her head and leave the stall more quickly and easily than she can with the single radius partition. James Partitions are of piping 1 5, a inches outside diameter, the length being 3 feet 6 inches. They will neither bend nor break. Length of pipe from which the partition is made is 6 feet 1 0'/2 inches. Furnished with both wood and steel stalls. Fastens to wood stanchion frame with hook bolts and to steel frame with our special malleable fittings. Height of partition can be regulated to suit the breed of cows, by setting partitions deeper in the concrete for the smaller cows. James Stall Partition Adjustable Anchors (PATENTED) Some have argued that the stall partitions will rust just where they lea\e the cement floor and for that reason they desired a stall partition anchor thai would enable them to replace the partition, or enable them to reset it in the floor. Others have wanted stall partitions so made as to enable them to adjust the height of the partition to suit the size of the cows occupying the stalls. We have developed an adjustable anchor that we can recommend, believing that it \vill withstand every strain and fulfill its purpose perfectly. James Anchors permit a 5-inch adjustment of the partition up and down in the cement floor, so that the partitions can be set higher or lower at will. This is done by simply loosening the bolts which clamp the fitting to the partition and the bolts which clamp the partition tee to the stall post; raising or lowering the partition as desired; then tightening the nuts again. Should you want to remove the partition entirely, you can do it quickly and easily; and it is just as simple a matter to replace it or put in a new one. Should the partition ever rust at the floor line, the James partition anchor will save you the cost of a new partition; simply loosen the bolts, lower the partition until the anchor gets a grip on the solid metal, tighten the bolts, and your partition is good for many more years of life. If you want to change the height of the partition to suit the size of some new cows you have purchased, it will take you but a moment — if you ha\e the James anchors. The design of the anchor is such that practically the entire anchor could rust away, yet the bolts would hold the fitting and partition firmly to the cement floor. w ^r€-^ "^ Alignment Adjusted for Short Cow, r \VA\ .?! Alignment Adjusted for Lo i>. C <^5%^ J^dOOGS T^JjaV James Alignment Device PATENTED The James Alignment Device permits the adjustment of the stanchion fonvaicl or backward m the stall, lengthening or shortening the stall to fit the cow. It aligns all the cows — long, short and medium — at the rear, so that manure falls in the gutter instead of on the standing platform. It keeps the stall clean, hence keeps the cow clean, and saves work in the cleaning of the cow and the stall; lessens the amount of bedding required; and insures a bigger yield of milk because the clean, dry stall aifords the cow greater comfort and promotes better health. The barn is more easily kept in a sanitary condition; and the labor item is reduced to the minimum and the appearance of the barn vastly improved. If you want to get a line on the labor saving effected by the alignment device, just figure out the time required to groom your cows each day and what that time costs you. You will then better appreciate the fact that the alignment device is the greatest improvement ever made to promote cleanliness of the cow and sanitary condition of the barn and milk. The James Alignment has seven adjustments, providing not only for seven sizes of cows, but also providing for the same cow in seven stages of growth. It has an adjustment of IO'/2 inches in all. The James Alignment Device is patented and because other manufacturers have no right to manufacture or sell such a device they sometimes attempt to persuade purchasers that this valuable feature of the James Stall is worthless — that it will not accomplish its purpose. There is one convincing answer to all their arguments. That answer is, the James Alignment Device is doing all we claim in thousands of dairy barns right now. It is saving time and labor for the fortunate owner; it is keeping the cows clean. You need not take our word for it — read the following letters received from dairymen who are using the James Equipment. And remember — we also have hundreds of similar letters from owners just as enthusiastic that we will gladly send you. If you want to see them, send us a postal card, asking for these letters; then, should you wish, write to any of them, enclosing a three-cent stamp; you will get an answer. B. C. Settles, Palmyra. Mo., says: "After a thorough trial of the James Stalls with my cows last winter I ■want to say there never was a time that I had to clean any manure off their udders." Edward Van Alstyne, Kinderhook, N. Y.. writes us: "I have two-year-old heifers standing side by side with full-aged cows, and both stand just over the drop," Read this from C. J. Orn, of Barron, Wis. : "James Equipment keeps my cattle clean at all times, and therefore saves time for the men taking care of the herd. Cows also milk more when comfortable." And this from W. E. Colwell, Kittanning, Pa,: "I find the James Stalls save me money, and my cows have never done better than they have this winter: my cows are all as clean as in summer." Another letter from Mr. J, W. Breyfogle, Three Rivers, Mich,, comments thus: "The Alignment Device saves me time and money. While you take time to wash five or six cows I can milk half that number: smce I have had the James stanchions I have not washed the cows, yet they are perfectly clean and ready to milk." Anchor for James Stanchion, Galvanized iPATENTED Bolts V'xli" >■ James Anchor for Stall Partition PATENTED "^5^ JAi?aG:S bJAV 119 The Easy James Way of Erecting Barn Equipment The pictures on the following pages tell an interesting story of the greatest advance in barn equipment, since the time Mr. James first originated the essential features of the cow stall. It is a plan that reduces the whole proposition of erection to one of absolute simplicity. This James idea makes so simple and so easy the setting up of cow stalls, and bull, cow and calf pens, that no experience is needed. It enables any man who is building or remodeling a barn to go right ahead with the cementing of the floor, without waiting for the arrival of the equip- ment itself. No delays — no grief while waiting for equipment — no concrete men idle because the material isn't on the ground or because some necessary parts have been lost in transit. You Can Start Cementing Tomorrow The identical principles of barn building and barn equipment that we — as originators — have been presenting to the dairy world from year to year remain as they were. All the basic ideas that have brought success to barn owners are preserved. We simply make James Equipment better than ever before by providing a new and easy way of setting it up — a way that makes it unnecessary for you to hire skilled help — a way that makes it unnecessary to delay your cement work or other building operations a single day. James Anchors Only Thing Needed When ready to begin cementing the floor, all you need to have on hand in the way of barn equipment is the required number of James Anchors. If your cement men are ready to go to work, have them come ahead. You will be ready for them — The James Way — because you neea omy James Anchors to begin work. The anchors when you receive them, have templates (anchor spacers) attached — the templates being scored and marked, with nail holes already drilled. You mark off the proper spacing on the form for the concrete curb, accord- ing to simple directions furnished with each iob. The anchors — which later are to hold the stall posts and stanchions — are set in the form at the proper points, nailed in place and the form filled with concrete. m"- ■ \ "^5^ jncaes i>j£iY 123 You can then go ahead finishing up the cement floor. The stalls and pens may be set up at any time later when most convenient. When the concrete is set, the templates are removed and thrown away and the stalls may be quickly bolted into place. On account of the shape of the anchors the curb is less liable to be cracked by the expansion and contraction of the metal than it is when the upright pipe extends through the concrete curb. Assembled Stalls — Knocked Down for Easy Handling and Convenience in Erection No boxes filled with small parts — no long lists of little pieces — no com- plicated directions — no difficult checking to see whether you are short anything. Instead, the equipment reaches you assembled — the fittings bolted in their proper places on the stall frame. To put the stall together, you simply loosen the bolts in the tee fittings, insert the uprights, stall partitions and other parts of the stall — then tighten the nuts. You can't go wrong in erecting James Equipment. No expert help is needed. One man can do it all, and the work of erecting is so simplified that it takes but a very short time. Quick Shipment of Anchors You can get the anchors immediately — by express if you need them al once — From Fort Atkinson, Elmira, Minneapolis, Wright Ziegler Co., Boston, De Laval Dairy Supply Co., San Francisco, or from some nearby distributing point. For the convenience of our customers and to provide quick service, stocks of James Anchors will be carried in many places throughout the United States. Almost without exception, regardless of where you live, it will be possible to deliver the anchors to you at your express station within twenty-four hours, should you need them that quickly. Setting Up the Stalls Even in the pictures it is difficult to show how simple it really is to set up the James stalls and pens. All the fittings are put in place on the stall posts, partitions, horizontal bars, sure stops and sure stop connecting rods at the factory, before shipment. There is no searching for the proper parts — no lost parts — everything is simplified so that a boy can understand it all. Picture No. 1 shows the anchors with templates attached set in the concrete curb form, ready for the concrete to be poured. No. 2 shows anchors in place and the form filled with concrete. <^^ JAPQGS Ti^JAY 125 No. 3 shows a man attaching stall posts to the bolts in the anchors in the concrete curb. No. 4. The square horizontal pipe is next put in place on the stall posts and the nuts tightened. No. 5. Attaching the stall partitions — one end being bolted to the stall, the other imbedded in the floor, or bolted to the partition anchor, if the anchor is used. No. 6. The stanchion is easily attached to the anchor provided for that purpose, and to the fittings on the square horizontal pipe. No. 7. The sure stop swinging posts are quickly hung on pins which form part of the fitting at the top and at the bottom of each stall post. This is more clearly shown on page 1 1 0. No. 8. The rod connecting the full line of sure stops is easily attached to the sure stop posts. No. 9. The manger division is easily put in place. No. 10. When complete manger is ordered, the manger lifting springs are put in place on the stall posts before leaving the factory. No. I 1 . The manger is shipped knocked down for convenience in handling. The manger front and manger partitions may be quickly bolted together with- out difficulty and manger attached to the hinge fittings on the stall posts. No. 1 2 shows how the manger and stall look when complete. Erecting Pens Setting up the James Pens is just as simple, it being necessary to set only the panel supporting posts and gate posts in the tubular anchors and bolt the panels to the posts. Herman Olson, Cambridge, Wisconsin, says: "James equipments are unbeatable; with the high-class materials and carefully adjusted fittings, it really is a pleasure to install them according to the blue print directions, as every- thing goes together so precisely correct with the diagram.' Mr. George Steiner, Lomira, Wisconsin, writes: "I am a James booster all the time because I have faith in the goods and the Company and everything fits according to the plan to a dot, A neighbor bought another kind of equipment and nothing fits. The plan was not a plan at all. It was a fake." Robert J, Porter, Harmarville. Pa., says: "My father bought the James sanitary stalls and he is very well pleased with them, 1 am 16 years old and I put them all up myself without the help of anyone. The day they came, I went to the station and got them and had all but the mangers on before he saw them. I followed your directions and found it very easy and am mighty proud of them for they certainly are great." How James Equipment is Finished All metal parts of James stalls, stanchions and pens, are first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, thoroughly preparing the material for painting. "^5^ JAOaGS ItJ^IV 129 It IS then finished with the best gray protective enamel made expressly for us under our own formula, based upon a thorough investigation, numerous tests and research work for the best enamel to be used on dairy barn equipment. After applying this enamel on the clean metal, it is thoroughly baked for two hours at a high temperature. The elastic yet hard surface of the enamel, baked on, gives a lasting pro- tection — one that will resist blows without flaking off. The color of the finish IS known as battleship gray, this color being most suitable because it gives a handsome finish that will not soil easily, helps to make the barn brighter, and has exceptionally high protective qualities. With each shipment sufficient paint is sent to cover all marks or scratches received in shipment. Our experience has shown that the electro galvanizing is not satisfactory; and the hot process of galvanizing, on account of the heat requned, makes the malleable iron parts brittle. The surface also is not smooth and is less easily kept clean. We, therefore, recommend the enamel, baked on. Mangers and carrier tubs are always furnished galvanized. You Can't Feed Different Amounts or Different S Combinations of Feed Witho ut the Mangers J No Co>v Can Steal frotn Anothor if James Manners are used '^ James Mange iei-s are Easy to CI lean <55^ JA^Oa G^^S w^^ ' ^ '. The James Complete Manger (PATENTED) Not only does the James Complete Manger enable you to feed each cow individually, preventing underfeeding and overfeeding and troubles incident thereto; but it also does away with the labor required in keeping a rigid manger clean; prevents waste of feed; ehmmates the principal cause of big knees; and prevents abortion and other injuries brought on when straining for feed thrown out of the cow's reach or belonging to her neighbor. Successful dairymen seem to agree that, to get the best results, each cow must be fed separately. Scarcely any two cows in a herd require the same amount of feed; and it IS just as bad for a cow to get too much as too little. A cow that gets too much feed may be put out of the profit class for a month. You can't feed your cows individually on a level floor or in the continuous trough. The cow that eats fastest gets too much and the slow eater next to her gets too little. Neither produces what she would if fed individually and the heavy eater IS likely to be ruined. Besides overfeeding or underfeeding your cows to their injury and your loss, you waste feed by such a method. The necessity for individual mangers in order to feed correctly was demonstrated forcefully at the National Dairy Shows. In the feeding test department, the exhibitors using stalls without mangers were required to put in temporary individual mangers. Otherwise they could not meet the conditions of the competition; thus proving conclusively that some kind of a manger division is necessary. Without a manger division, it is impossible to feed scientifically, giving each cow the particular combination of feeds, as well as the particular amount, on which she will best thrive and produce the greatest yield. Big Knees on Dairy Cows The principal cause, almost the sole cause, of big knees on dairy cows, is the method of feeding in flat bottomed mangers or without any manger at all. If you feed that way, watch your cows. To get all their feed they are obliged to go to their knees to reach it. The knees strike the curb or floor, and, standing in this position for a considerable time during each feeding, the cow develops big or sore knees. <|^ ££„£2.5.§ M:6Z i!! How Abortion is Sometimes Caused Not only are big knees caused in this manner, but in pushing herself for- ward, striving to reach the feed, the cow's hind feet slip and push her bedding into the gutter. A sudden slipping of the hind feet, or straining for feed beyond her reach, sometimes causes abortion or perhaps permanent injury to the cow. The Self-Cleaning Feature The James Manger has no bottom, a concave trough in the cement floor serving that purpose. The manger is easily lifted, the weight being offset by heavy manger lifting springs. When the manger is lifted, everything in the trough can be conveniently and quickly swept out, flushed with water if desired and used as a watering trough. The bottom of the trough is so shaped that the feed comes in exactly the right spot for the cow to reach it most easily, even to the last mouthful — the feed always accumulates in the center of the trough directly under the cow's nose. The Manger Construction The manger is constructed of No. 20 gauge best galvanized sheets. The front of the manger, in sections of three stalls or less, is formed from 20 gauge copper bearing galvanized sheets, both the front and the partitions being strongly reinforced with folded and compressed edges. The front of the manger is bolted to the partitions. The U-shaped guard which is riveted to the back of the manger partition, overlaps the stall post and holds the partition firmly and rigidly at the back; while manger front and partitions are reinforced by V-braces, except at ends. This rigid construction of the James Manger absolutely prevents any racking and adds years to the life of the manger. The U-guard also permits setting the stall posts in the center of the con- crete curb, so that the curb is not liable to crack — as it is when the posts are set near the edge of the curb. With all its labor, feed and money saving advantages the James Manger costs no more than a home made one of wood. Whether you order mangers or not, be sure to obtain from us the wood pattern of exact shape of the manger bottom. This will enable you to make the concrete manger trough so that a perfect fit will be secured if you later decide to have the mangers. The manger pattern is absolutely necessary if the mangers are to fit the trough properly. r ' mc^ fe*l 'V,:'i, 1 "^3^ JAPOGS l;Ja.V 135 'is' w ■ U I L f con inge com ed. ore to «« S w ^ ft 4) C-^ ^\l\ U<4-| £ (A 3 CA O V c O o5 (U -3 O - C i ^ — U <4-l o "" ' ■^ O £ g C 3 £ c 4) rt « B >> J U. en in .^ *j itf +S1 f- i^- i< -0 (U C X a 3 ■V "o X y 3 o "c o M c u o b P H n. < z < 0. bn C H ^<5^ JAOQGS X^&S: 137 Manger Lifting Springs The Manger Lifting Springs are so adjusted that when the manger is down, the tension of the springs and the weight of the manger prevent the cow from hfting it. But when the manger is raised a few inches, past a certain point, the pull of the spring offsets the weight of the manger, making it easy to lift; and then holds the manger up in position. The springs reduce the strain on the manger, for each spring pulling evenly on the manger partition does away with racking when manger is raised, thus adding to the manger's life. The springs are of special design of cold drawn, flat spring steel, oil tempered and tested for severe use — the same as the best automobile springs. The tension is easily adjusted, should adjustment ever be needed. It is sanitary, and presents a neat appearance in the barn. Regularly furnished, four Manger Lifting Springs to each five stalls. James Manger Divisions (PATENT APPLIED FOR) In various barns already built, which we have been called upon to equip, we have found concrete mangers of such design that the James Complete Manger could not be used. To meet this condition and make it possible for every dairyman to have individual manger compartments for feeding, we have designed the James Individual Manger Divisions. These can be made special to fit any concrete manger by furnishing us an exact pattern of the trough, at an extra charge. These manger divisions as regularly furnished are fourteen inches high; which is sufficiently high to prevent a cow from stealing feed from her neighbor. Divisions are made of eleven gauge galvanized sheet steel, 14 in. high and 2 Hie, in. wide. The strong, heavy, malleable hinge will not slip and holds the division firmly in position. When raised the division is held in place by an ingenious holder. See cuts A, B and C, page 138. The cuts on the opposite page illustrate the manger divisions. The manger curb can be built as desired; some of the more common styles of curb are shown on page 135. Manger Pattern must be used in making manger trough, if Manger Divisions are to fit properly. Manger pattern is furnished free. 138 ^^5^ JAIXIGS I^JAY Manger Division Holder This new ingenious device (shown in "phantom" in cuts A, B and C) adds greatly to convenience of lifting and lower- ing the manger divisions. To lock in raised position "A" lift the division to "B", then let it drop of its own weight. The holder will catch on the clamp (as in cut "A"), holding the manger division up. To lower manger division: From "A" raise to position "B", then a quick push downward will carry the holder past the clamp before the holder can catch. (See cut "C".) James Stalls and Stanchions 1 1 I HE James line of stalls and stanchions gives such a wide range U I of choice, both as to the equipment of the stall itself and the "^ ' price, that any farmer can find a stall that ]ust meets his f»^ needs. tefc Wr ^- 'T^ In reality, there is just one James stall — there is but one stand- L^**5MK!&i- ir; g,.j Qf Jan^ps quality — one way of finishing James goods — one system of inspection to make sure that every detail is right. No matter whether you buy James stalls with or without the special features, you get the same class of stall. Differences in price are regulated entirely by the addition or subtraction of special features — not by the quality, or finish or inspection of the goods. James quality is always standard, whatever combination you may buy. ^ our barn, equipped with James Grand Prize stalls, with or without the special features, will be a good barn. Do not think that you must have all of the James special features in order to enjoy barn efficiency. The James stall is a unit stall; not only can James stalls be purchased in lots of any size from one up, and one or more stalls added at any time; but you can if you desire begin with the James foundation stall, and add any James special features later as you may want them. ^ ou can equip your barn, step by step, not only as your herd grows, but you can add the special features, one by one, as you decide you need them. James stalls are found in hundreds of the finest dairy barns in the United States; and they are also ser\'ing thousands of dairymen who are doing business on a smaller scale. The small barn that is equipped with James 14F or 14E stall is a James barn, through and through, and many dairymen who started with stalls without all the special features are adding James special features right along, because the equipment is making increased barn profits each year. Each stall combination in the James line offers the greatest possible value to be found anywhere at the price. There are many dairymen who feel that they are justified in investing only a limited amount in modern dairy barn equipment at the present time; and by studying the following pages, it will be made clear how any fanner can practically have stalls built to order to meet his own ideas as to price and yet be assured of James quality. TTie James stall No. 14B is the foundation of all James stall combinations; all the others being based on the 14B, simply adding or subtracting certain labor, feed and money-saving devices, or substituting a different stanchion. MBwHk TA15 SlancKion «»r«{j/ "^^Ee JAPOGS ^^V^^ I41_ Consider for a moment this foundation stall — the No. 1 4B which costs hardly more than a home-made wood stall. The stall uprights are built of heavy selected pipe, l^/g-inch O. D., thick- ness of pipe wall about . 1 4 inch, rolled especially for this purpose. The horizontal of the stall frame is of heavy pipe, 1 '/2 inches square, thick- ness of pipe wall about .1 25 inch. The triple curve stall partition is made of the best quality of pipe, especially designed for the purpose, 1 5^-inch outside diameter, thickness of wall about . 1 4 inch, accurately bent by our heavy special machinery. This partition not only braces the stanchion frame, doing away with sup- porting the stalls by ceiling posts, but it also protects the cow and the milker, saving many a cow from a damaged udder. The fittings are made of heavy best malleable, and are of the sanitary type — the edges overlapping, leaving no opening for the accumulation of dust. The stall upright, the horizontal part of the frame, and the stall partitions, are bound firmly together by these heavy malleable fittings, into a substantial, durable frame. The fittings are readily drawn together by bolts to the exact shape of the pipe, and when the bolts are properly tightened, have a vise-like grip. Only cut-thread bolts are used with these fittings. Most dairymen realize that a sure-stop post of some kind is required at the time the cow is entering the stall ; but to afford the cow maximum comfort, this sure-stop should be swung out of the cow's way, after she has been locked in the stanchion; doing so, gives her plenty of head room to card herself on either side, and to lie down naturally. The swinging sure-stop is the only means whereby a sure-stop post can be in place when the cow is entering the stall, yet it can be thrown back out of the way when the cow is locked in her stanchion. Many a dairy farmer has told us that the James alignment device is worth more than the price of the entire stanchion, and calls it the most valuable feature of the stall. This device enables you to lengthen or shorten the stall to fit the length of the cow, so that all cows are lined up at the rear on the gutter; the manure falls in the gutter, keeping the stall and the cow clean. Stall 14B is fitted with the J14 stanchion, which has the James cow-proof door knob lock; the lock-open clip; wood lining; a heavy hinge of unusual strength; double chain hangers with flat steel links; James alignment device; and the James stanchion anchor which prevents future trouble through rusting of bolts imbedded in concrete. It is no small task to properly erect stalls, the upright posts of which must be imbedded in the concrete curb. We have made such stalls for many years, and experience has demonstrated that it requires a mechanic to do a satisfactory job, because when the stall posts are set in place it is necessary to brace them from the ceiling and in the curb and keep them so braced until the concrete has hardened. The addition of the stall post anchors cuts the time and the --:*S> // ^^s& jAi^aes w£iv 143 expense of installation to the minimum, makes the erection of the stall so easy a boy can do the work, and assures a perfect job in every case. We find that on the average job, the James system of anchors reduces the cost of installation from 35c to 50c per stall, and contractors who make a busi- ness of erecting barn equipment, will, if they have had experience, make a far lower price on the erection where James stalls and stall anchors are used because of this great saving of time and work. This foundation stall, and, of course, all other James stalls, are finished in the battleship gray color. Every piece of metal is mechanically cleaned, all scale, grease and foreign matter being thoroughly removed, thus properly pre- paring it for painting. It is then finished with the best gray protective enamel made expressly for us under our own formula, thoroughly baked for two hours at a high temperature. The stall is shipped with all fittings assembled on the frame, saving a great deal of time and trouble in erecting. The fittings being assembled before painting, the entire equipment is painted, including bolts and fittings. Other Combinations Other combinations can be made up by the addition of the manger divisions to stall 14B, as in stall I4C, or by adding the complete mangers as in stall 14A; and by the addition of the drinking cups; or the name plate holders; or by the substitution of stanchion TA15, T15, XI8 or XA18. Or, if you wish a stall lower in price than the MB, stall I8E is the No. I 48 with a rigid sure-stop substituted in place of the swinging sure-stop, and XI 8 stanchion in place of the J 14. Stall I4F is still lower in price, being the 148 stall without anchors, with- out sure-stop, and with XI 8 stanchion in place of the J 14. You will quickly see by a study of the following pages and by what we have said above, that from the James line you can make up a combination of special features that will give you anything that you may need in the way of service, or to fit your desires as to price. Whatever the combination you buy in a James stall, the equipment will reach you already assembled, each fitting bolted firmly on the pipe. There will be no boxes of small parts, no lists of little pieces to check, nothing complicated. One man can erect it easily. You cannot go wrong, SPECIFICATIONS Pictures sometimes may be misleading. The picture of a light harness and the picture of a heavy harness might be made to look alike. Photographs of a poorly-built buggy and of a buggy of the finest and most durable material and best workmanship might show no difference. So it is with illustrations of stalls and carriers and other equipment. The pictures give but little information as to the true quality of the material used, the workmanship and the finish. 18-F 14C-TA ^<5?2e JAOaeS ^^J£^V 147 If there be any doubt whatsoever in your mind as to the superiority of James goods, compare for yourself, if at all possible, James equipment with that other which you may consider buying. If it be not possible to compare the actual goods, the best substitute is to make a careful comparison of the specifications. To enable you to do this, we give accurate detailed specifications in this book, of all items in the James line. We ask that you note especially the weights of the stalls, carriers, pens and other equipment. Although weight does not always give a true index to the strength (be- cause there may be too great weight where strength is not needed and too little weight where strength is needed), nevertheless if two competing articles be equally well designed, the greater weight does indicate the greater strength. In these days of high-priced steel and iron, it would be very easy for us to save a large amount on the cost of a stall or stanchion, simply by reducmg the amount of material used; this might be done and no one the wiser, but there has been no skimping of material in the manufacture of any of the James equipment. James standards of manufacture and inspection are being main- tained. There are so many combinations that may be made m James stalls, that no attempt is made to show them all, but merely those which are most in demand. THE STALLS (PATENTED) (See also pages 149-157) The 18F stall is the frame "A" without sure-stop and stall post anchors. Furnished only with XI 8 or XA18 stanchions. Weight about 63 pounds with XI 8 and about 70 pounds with the XA18 stanchion. The 18E stall is frame "A" with a rigid sure-stop of l^ic-inch O. D. pipe and best malleable fittings, substituted in place of the swinging sure stop. XI 8 or XAI8 stanchion. With XI 8 stanchion, weight about 66 pounds, with XAI8 stanchion about 73 pounds per stall. Stall I4B is frame "A" with J14 stanchion. Weight about 82 pounds per stall. Stall I4C is frame "A," JI4 stanchion and manger division. Weight about 1 00 pounds per stall. Stall I4A is frame "A," JI4 stanchion and complete manger. Weight about I 15 pounds per stall. The TI5, the TAI5, the XI 8 or the XAI8 stanchions may be substituted in place of the J14 stanchion in stalls I4B, I4C or I4A. The bull stall is frame "B" with TCI 5 stanchion. Weight about I 10 pounds per stall. Any of the James drinking cups can be attached to any of the above stalls. ^^37^ JAOQGS WAV 149 FRAME STYLE "A" (PATENTED; UPRIGHTS and HORIZONTALS: Upright stall posts are of pipe 1 5 g-mch out- side diameter, thickness of pipe wall about . 1 4 inch ; horizontal is of the same material 1 I/2 x 1 J/2 -inch square, thickness of wall about . I 3-inch. Patent applied for. FITTINGS: Best malleable. Size and strength sufficient to withstand all strain. Dust- proof type. (See page I 10.) ANCHORS: Heavy galvanized steel 2 inches wide; one furnished for each stall upright post. Anchors have templates attached to make accurate setting of anchors easy. Anchors are the only part of the stall required at the time concrete is laid, if frame "A" is used; the stall is easily attached to the anchors at any time later. (See page 118.) PARTITIONS: The James triple curve stall partitions as described on page I 1 1 made of pipe I 5/g-inch O. D., thickness of pipe wall about .14 inch. WIDTH OF STALL: We carry in stock 3 feet 2 inches, 3 feet 4 inches and 3 feet 6 inches. 3 feet 6 inches width will be furnished if not otherwise specified. SURE-STOP: The swinging sure-stop consists of a post of l-jic-inch O. D. pipe with the opening at the top closed with dust-proof ornament; dust-proof hinge fittings are of best malleable; the rod connecting the row of sure-stops is J/2-inch pipe, openings at ends closed with dust-proof ornaments. (See page 99.) FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned removing scale, grease and foreign matter, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best grade protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) MANGER PATTERN: Will be furnished free or on request; made of hardwood exact shape of manger partition bottom, that manger trough in the concrete may be so shaped that the James complete manger or the manger division, depending on pattern used, will fit accurately if you later wish to add the mangers to the stalls. See page 1 20. Be sure to specify the style of manger pattern wanted — pattern No. 1 for the complete manger and pattern No. 4 for the manger division. Pattern No. 4 will be sent with all steel stall orders unless No. 1 is specified. Shipped assembled, knocked down for convenience in handling and ease of erection. (See page 119.) FRAME STYLE "B" Exactly the same as frame "A" excepting that the swinging sure-stop is omitted and two additional upright posts with anchors are furnished ; stall cannot be furnished less than 4 feet in width, and 4-foot width will be furnished if not otherwise specified. THE MANGER MANGER DIVISIONS: (Patent applied for.) Heavy gauge galvanized sheet steel reinforced by [,-4 x 1 -inch iron. A strong heavy malleable hinge that will not slip holds division firmly in position. The U guard fitting around steel post holds division rigid. Regularly furnished 14 inches high. (See page 137.) COMPLETE MANGER: Patented. The individual self-cleaning type. Constructed of heavy gauge best galvanized sheet steel ; manger front and partition strongly reinforced by folding and compressed edges. U-shaped guards on partitions overlap the stall posts, and a V-shaped brace joins manger front and partitions, insuring rigidity and preventing racking. Bottom of partitions rounded. (See page 131.) MANGER LIFTING SPRING : Patented. Special design of cold-drawn flat sprmg : oil-tempered and tested for severe use; same quality as the best automobile spring. Tension easily adjusted. Furnish four springs \vith five stalls. (See page 137.) BULL STALL Cut A Cuts A and B show Chain Guide as furnished for 14J Stanchions previously purchased. Showing Clamp for Steel Frame No. 14J Stanchion No. 14J ^<57£e -SG^Q^^S bJA.V 153 James Stanchion 14J (PATENTED) SPECIFICATIONS ALIGNMENT DEVICE: Best malleable iron. Adjustment 1 Ql . m. (Page 115.) CHAIN GUIDE: Relieves the strain from the loose arm and the hinge when pressure is thrown on this loose arm while not engaged in the stall post; limits the distance the stanchion opens, and takes strains off the hinge when the stanchion is not closed. This chain guide can easily be put on ! 4J stanchions previously purchased. (Cuts A, B.) It is an easy matter, by use of a punch and hammer, to remove the knobs ol the locks, slip the chain fitting in place (see cut A, page I 52) and put the knob back on again. A row of stanchions can be equipped with this chain guide in a surprisingly short time, \vithout removing the stanchion from the stall (See page 152.) DOUBLE CHAIN HANGER: Seven Imks, three flat steel and four round, attached to stanchion with i%-in- rivets, to alignment irons with ' i-va. machine bolt. Page 105.) WASHER PLATES: Two plates furnished, one for top and one for bottom, with four carnage bolts for 2 in. x 4 m. frame f,; in. x 3 in., with lock washers. Longer bolts extra. HINGE: Two-piece, interlocking hinge of best malleable; diameter 2' g in., giving a wide bearing surface; attached with six J/t-in. rivets; rivet in center of hinge jV-in- (See page 1 07.) SIDE BARS: Carbon steel tees 1 14 m. x 1 V^ m. x ^'V m. All bends and holes made by special machinery, insuring uniformity and perfect working fit of hinge and lock. WOOD LINING: Thoroughly seasoned birch, carefully milled, shaped, polished and oiled. Carefully fitted to tees and securely attached. (See page 105.) LOCK OPEN CLIP: Malleable iron attached with ^r.-m. carnage bolt. (Page 101.) COW PROOF LOCK: Of malleable and steel. Door knob type; can not be opened by the cow — but can be opened easily as a door even when the cow is pulling back. Best quality coiled spring Vi-ya. diameter. Will not break or lose its tension. Locks automatically when stanchion is closed. (See page 109.) NECK SPACE: 7 in. regularly furnished. Neck space may be made 6 in. to IVi in. by the use of thicker or thinner linings. RIVETING: Huge presses, fifty tons pressure, form the met heads to shape, without crystallizing the metal — rivet heads will never break off. FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 1 25.) \X'EIGHT: Approximately 27 pounds. <^5^ JA^^OaC^S W|^ '55 James Stanchion TA15 iPATENTEDl SPECIFICATIONS ALIGNMENT DEVICE: Best malleable iron. Adjustment IOI2 in- (See page 115.) DOUBLE CHAIN HANGER: Seven links, one flat steel and six round. Attached to stanchion with malleable castings, and to the aligning irons with ' i-m. machine bolts. (Page 105.) WASHER PLATE: Two plates furnished; one for top and one for the bottom, with four carriage bolts for 2 in. x 4 in. frame ^"^ in. x 3 in., with lock washers. Longer bolts extra. HINGE: Is m lower right hand corner; is extra strong, and has no openings to catch dirt. SIDE BARS: Carbon steel tees, 1 '/4 in. x 1 J/4 in. x ^'^^y in. All holes made by special machinery, insuring uniformity and perfect working fit of hinge and lock. WOOD LINING: Thoroughly seasoned birch, carefully milled, shaped, polished and oiled. Carefully fitted to tees and securely attached. (See page 105.) LOCK OPEN DEVICE: Is formed by the handles of the lock. Lock open pipe may be moved on the horizontal to conform to width of the stall; for this reason no fitting IS furnished to attach lock open pipe to stall post. COW PROOF LOCK: Of malleable. Absolutely cow proof. Easy to open with the hand ; locks automatically when stanchion is closed. NECK SPACE: Adjustable from 5 in. to 9 in. Adjustment can be easily and quickly made, requiring only the loosening of two nuts at the top and two at the bottom. RIVETING: Huge presses, 50 tons pressure, form the rivet heads to shape, without crystallizing the metal. Rivet heads will never break off". FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) WEIGHT: Approximately 30 lbs. James Stanchion Tl5 (PATENTED) Identically the same as Stanchion No. TAI5, excepting that the alignment irons are omitted. Weight: Approximately 23 lbs. James Stanchion TCI 5 iPATENTED) Identically the same as Stanchion No. TAI5, excepting that the side bars are 1 '/2 in. X ] !/2 in. x /^ in. Weight: Approximately 33 lbs. Neck Space: Adjustable from 5 to 1 inches. XA18 Stanchion X18 Stanchion ^^5^ JA(X1GS bJ^V 157 James Stanchions — Nos. X18 and XA18 (PATENT APPLIED FOR) SPECIFICATIONS No. XA18 ALIGNMENT DEVICE: Best malleable iron. Adjustment IQI , inches. (Page 115.) SIDE BARS: Made from I ■'^i ,.,-mch O. D. steel pipe. WOOD LININGS: Of 5gx I %-inch thoroughly seasoned birch, carefully shaped, polished and oiled. Fastened to side arms by six '4 x 2' g-inch finhead bolts, \vhich form no projections for the cow's neck to rub against. NECK SPACE: Adjustable from 6 inches to S'/^ inches. The stanchion neck space top and bottom adjusters are best malleable iron. CHAIN HANGER: Six links, four round, one flat and one special double-eye link. Attached to alignment irons \vith 'o-inch machine bolts. Two plates furnished : one for top and one for bottom, with four carriage bolts for 2 X 4-inch frame, bolts "j,; x 3-inch, with lock washers. Longer bolts extra. STEEL GUIDE: Relieves the strain from the loose arm and the hinge, when pressure is thrown on this loose arm while not engaged on the stall post: limits the distance the stanchion opens. LOCK OPEN CLIP: Malleable iron. Attached with ■'i,;-inch bolts. COW-PROOF LOCK. FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for t-^vo hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) WEIGHT: Approximately 27 lbs. James Stanchion No. XI 8 (PATENTED Identically the same as XAI8, excepting that the alignment device is omitted. WEIGHT: Approximately 25 pounds. W18 Stanchion WA18 Stanchion «s^ jA_oaG_s ^_^X. — James Stanchion WA18 (PATENTED) SPECIFICATIONS ALIGNMENT DEVICE: Best malleable iron. Adjustment I OI/2 inches. (Seepage 115.) CHAIN HANGER: Six links, 1 flat, 4 round and 1 special double-eye link. Top fastener is I/2-mch round steel eye. WASHER PLATES: Two plates furnished; one for top and one for the bottom, with four carriage bolts for 2 x 4-inch frame %,; x 3-inch, with lock washers. Longer bolts extra. SIDE BARS: Of well seasoned hard maple 2'/i x 1 Yz inches, carefully milled, shaped, polished and oiled. Ends riveted crosswise, to prevent splitting. Fastened to top and bottom plates with rivets. Reinforced by heavy malleable braces, riveted to the stick and riveted to the steel plates; no racking in the corners, the strain being equally distributed. TOP AND BOTTOM PLATES; Heavy carbon steel 2 inches wide and a trifle over 14-inch thick, carefully punched by special machinery, insuring perfect fit for all rivets. A steel plate at the top forms a guide for the loose arm of the stanchion and prevents it from dropping to the floor. COW-PROOF LOCK: Malleable iron. Simple, cannot get out of order. Easily unlocked with gloved or mittened hand, but cannot be opened by the cow. Locks automatically when stanchion is closed. NECK SPACE: 7'/2 inches. LOCK OPEN CHAIN: James Cham Lock Open Device and Clip, as shown m illustration. RIVETING: Machine riveted. FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease, and foreign matter, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) WEIGHT: Approximately 22 pounds. James Stanchion W18 (PATENTED) Identically the same as Stanchion WA18, excepting that the alignment irons are omitted. WEIGHT: Approximately 15 pounds. o X u C < 3 o X o a < c c o o C (« 1/1 -o o o v E James Drinking Cups HE three elements for maintaining life and the principal elements neces- sary to the cow for milk production are food, air and water. Thousands ot experiments and years of study by many men have been js,^"'"^ devoted to the relation of feeding to milk production; and the principles 2^J~ of feeding are now quite well established. "2;f-i-. T he importance of plenty of pure air and how to secure it in the dairy barn is also understood. But it is only very recently that the dairy industry has begun to realize the great benefit and profit that follow the adoption of better methods of watering the dairy herd. Indeed, this subject is so new that but comparatively few have any understanding ^\•hatever oi the great possibilities of increasing dairy profits through the saving of labor, the saving of feed, the larger milk yields, the better cow health, the prevention of the spread of diseases and the better growth of young stock through the use of the James \\atering method. Turn Water Into Milk Milk is 87 per cent water. To make milk, cows must have water just as they must ha\e feed. To make maximum yields of milk, cows must have all the water they want, whenever they want it, day and night. In most herds, the cows are making too little milk because they drink too little water. The average yield in the principal dairy States is two or three pounds, per cow, per day less than it should be — and less than it would be if they were properly watered. That means three and one-half billion pounds of milk the same as wasted, during the six months the cows are in the barn. Thousands of dairy farmers are thro\ving away a good daily profit simply because they don't realize that plain water is just as much a milk maker as silage or a balanced ration. Dairymen are throwing away from $4 to $ 1 2 clean profit per cow during the housed-in season, because the cows don't get enough water, don't get it when they need it, and because what they do get is too cold. The average dairy cow drinks 15 to 18 gallons of water daily and high-producing cows drink much more. It is recorded that one famous dairy cow giving 700 pounds of milk a week drank nearly a barrel of water a day, which is about three and one-half pounds of water for each pound of milk produced. The importance of sufficient water drinking to insure maximum milk yield cannot be over estimated; but the average dairyman has no conception of the extent to which a cow's milk production does depend upon the amount of water she consumes, and the important part water plays in converting the milk-making elements of feed into milk. But a cow is not a camel — you can't ^vater her like one without cutting down her milk production. She hasn't the ability to store water until she needs it for digestion of food. She drinks just as much as she needs when she is drinking, "l ou can't put her at an icy trough and make her drink to supply her future needs. '^57^ JAr?aGS Ti^JAV '63 You might as well cut down on your feed as to fail to provide your cows with all the water they want exactly when they want it — not hours after they want it — not the next morning, but exactly when digestion demands it. A cow to produce the best results never should be allowed to get thirsty. The water should be before her where she can drink whenever she wants it, as much or as little as she wants, day or night. The cow that is turned out to drink in the trough in the yard once or twice a day, IS thirsty most of the time, which means that her digestion is demanding water to digest food — to make milk — a little water at a time, an exact amount of water for every pound of food that enters her stomach. Not having the water when she needs it, she makes less milk. The reason she drinks so heartily at the trough, when she does, is because she has been thirsty so long — but the water she drinks then is of no use in digesting the food taken into her stomach during the thirsty spell. Her digestion has done the best it could without water and the milk-making elements which have been wasted for lack of water is pure loss — a loss of one to two pounds per cow, or more, per day. And the thirsty cow turned out to water — how often we see her shivering through a cold unsatisfying drink of icy tank water, either drinking too little because the water is icy cold, or because of the great thirst drinking so much ice water that she must use expensive feed to warm herself again. Turning feed into heat which, under proper con- ditions, would have gone to the making of milk. James Drinking Cups Will Stop the Winter Slump in Your Milk Yield To correct methods of feeding and breeding, James drinking cups hitch up the correct method of watering. By establishing nature's normal balance between the feed consumed and the water drunk, James drinking cups insure a healthful, vigorous func- tioning of the cow's milk-making organism — and bigger milk yields follow as a matter of course. Cold weather thirst — the great thief of the winter milk pail — vanishes completely when James drinking cups are installed. When your herd is watered the James Way, each of your cows can drink whenever she likes, as much as she likes, at the temperature of water that is most satisfactory, at any minute of the day or night. Instead of being herded out twice a day to shiver through an unsatisfying drink of ice water, your cows drink to their hearts' content right in the warm security and con- tentment of their stalls any time that their thirst prompts them to do so. There is no more going thirsty three quarters of the time — no more herding the cows out to drink and herding them in again — no more frozen tanks to chop open — no more tank heater annoyances or fuel expense — no more spreading of disease among the herd through the unsanitary method of all cows nosing the same water — no more twice-a-day periods of cold and excitement to disturb your herd and interfere with their milk production — and no more of that day-after-day, body-freezing, wind-biting winter chore to worry about in watering your herd. James drinking cups put an end to all this, once and for good. <<572e JAfXlGS WAY 165 James Drinking Cups Prevent Spread of Disease, and Insure a Big Saving of Labor in the Daily Winter Chores Even if increased milk production were the only advantage offered by James drinking cups, this one feature alone would make them a paying investment. But when you stop to consider the other features — the big saving in labor — the improvement effected in the general condition of the herd, the increased health and vigor resulting from the large additional amount of refreshing water consumed, the prevention of contagion among the herd, the saving of tank heater fuel and bother, you are bound to admit that a James drinking cup outfit is worth considering, and considering well. Just think of never having to brace out into the bitter cold any more to turn your herd out to drink, of never again having to face, day after day, all winter long that cold twice-a-day job of watering your cows at the icy tank — of no longer having to chop open the frozen tank — of never having to bother about keeping the fire going m the tank heater, or paying for tank heater fuel. And just think, too, what it will mean to you to know that any time a cow in yout herd should become diseased, there is no chance for that cow to give the disease to the rest of the herd through the drinking water before the disease is discovered and the affected animal isolated. James drinking cups prevent the spread of disease in the herd for the simple reason that where these cups are used, no two cows ever nose the same water. Each cow has her individual cup to drink from, and each cup is fitted with a special valve which allows the fresh water to enter but prevents the water, once in the cup, from flowing back and mixing with the general supply. There is no flowing of water from cup to cup and it is, therefore, impossible for a healthy cow to come into contact with water that has been touched by a diseased cow. The vital importance of this feature of James drinking cups will be readily appreciated when it is remembered that about 1 per cent of the dairy cattle in this country are affected with tuberculosis. In Bulletin No. \ 75 issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the increasing prevalence of tuberculosis among cattle and the vital necessity of adopting measures of suppression and control are pointed out as the greatest problem confronting the live stock industry today. The Bulletin goes on to say that "one reason why tuberculosis is so common among cattle is that many cattle pass tuberculosis germs from their bodies before anyone knows or suspects that they have tuberculosis and can give the disease to others." That a cow- may be apparently healthy when purchased and still develop the germs of tuberculosis which may develop and spread to other cattle is asserted. Referring to preventative measures the Bulletin asserts "the feeding and watering must be done with separate utensils. There are, of course, other ways of passing tuberculosis germs, but certainly the common tank from which all cows drink is a dangerous source of infection. \ ou can guard your herd from spread of disease through the water supply, by the use of the James drinking cups. Figure this Drinking Cup Proposition Out for Yourself The experience of practical dairy farmers told in the letters on following pages, show that an increase of 2 pounds per cow per day is a conservative estimate of the result of James drinking cups. With your cows in the barn 200 days of the >ear, the - '^*^-" ■^ riJ ^ ^<5Ee J^^fXlGS I^JAY 183 All the James Carriers are more nearly indispensable than any hay earner, for these earners save work each day throughout the whole year. We claim for all James Carriers that with them you can do the work for which they are intended more quickly, more easily, and at less daily cost, than you can in any other way. And if they don't make good, you can get your money back. The James Carriers have many important and distinctive features, not only in the earner itself, but in the track, hangers, switches, removable track section and swinging steel crane. All the objections to the ordinary earners are completely overcome; and in addition the James Carriers possess added improvements never before utilized in carrier equipment. They are not an experiment. The men who originated them and brought them to their present state of perfection know from experience just what is required of a carrier, for they have been practical, successful dairy farmers themselves, and have used, or seen in use, probably every carrier on the market. James Carriers are the result of long years of observation of the various types in actual use in barns, where the strong points and the weak features have been shown up by the wear and strain of daily use. The strong points have been retained and new features added, making them the most practical, most serviceable and most satisfactory of all. A litter carrier has heavy work to do. Not only must it ofttimes carry half a ton of manure, but it is in daily use throughout much of the year. Slammed about by careless help, or in the hurry of cleaning up the chores, some part will give way unless it be exceptionally strong and well made. James Litter Carriers are more strongly and heavily built than any other on the market, every part is heavy enough to carry three times the load to which it will ever be subjected as a manure carrier. The track and hangers, the safety switches, the removable sections, and the swinging crane all have several times the strength necessary to support the carrier when most heavily loaded. No amount of ordinary rough usage will cause a breakdown. James Carriers are much heavier than others for which you would have to pay the same price; the extra weight of malleables and steel alone costs us several dollars more on a carrier, to say nothing of the better workmanship and superior finish. Yet we offer them to you for the same price that you would have to pay for the lighter weight and more poorly constructed outfit. This extra weight means heavier malleables, a stronger angle iron frame- work through the tub, steel plate reinforcement on the ends, a solid, cold rolled, steel shaft — in fact greater strength at every point where strain or wear may come. It insures durability, a saving of repairs, and makes certain satis- factory service for a long period of years. SiS^^Sli^^t^:s»^^^i#Mm;^ ii'^^i^li?^:??'?^;^ "^S^ JAOQGS l^AY 185 The simplicity of the entire James Carrier outfit also makes for greater strength and durability, the extra weight of material being only at those points where strength is needed; and there are no complicated parts to wear. In the following pages we have described the carriers in detail, and we want you to note that in each case we have stated the exact weight and given complete specifications, so that you may compare for yourself our carriers and those offered you by others at equal or higher prices. The photographs and descriptions show why it is that James Carriers are more easily erected and more easily operated than any others; why they run more smoothly on the track; how they meet every condition ever required of a carrier in the barn; why the I-Beam track is more suitable in every way for curves, switches and outside work; how the automatic safety stop blocks make it impossible for a carrier to run off the track; and how the simple construction eliminates worm gearings, ratchets and cogs that are so liable to wear or break. And as you study the carrier proposition, we ask that you bear in mind that while there may be carrier outfits offered you at lower prices, the James Carriers are so built as to cost you by far the leasi per vear — and that is the only fair way in which to figure the cost of any article. James Carriers are "long life" carriers — built to stand the strain and wear of years — made to forestall breakages and repairs — made to save the maxi- mum of work and time. We are proud of them, believing that each is the best that can be built to meet the specific purposes for which it is designed. And in this belief, we are backed up by the hundreds of enthusiastic, com- mendatory letters received from owners of James Carrier outfits. Of all the litter carriers, the one that has the largest sale, and hence apparently best meets the requirements of the average dairyman, is the "Big Boy" Carrier; and this is the outfit which we would recommend for the barn in which fifteen head of stock or more are being cared for. The Combination outfit fills the need in small barns, where the rigid I-Beam track is wanted inside, with a rod track outside — so as to have the advantage of the automatic return secured only by use of the rod track. With fifteen head of stock or more, however, the "Big Boy" with the swinging steel crane or outside arch support is recommended, for the reason that in the long run it will prove more satisfactory and more economical. The "Chore Boy" is recommended only for the smallest barns, where but a few head of stock are cared for. «S^ JAPQGS l^AV 187 Special Features of James Carriers "Long Life" Tubs The James Carrier tubs, like the rest of James Equipment, are built to last throughout long years of heavy usage. Although a tub full of wet manure weighs but 650 pounds, the "Big Boy" tubs have been subjected to a test of three times that weight, without breaking or developing any weakness, either in the tubs or the other parts of the carrier outfit. The Combination and the "Chore Boy" carriers are of equal strength in proportion to the loads which they are designed to carry. James tubs are so shaped as to be self-cleaning when dumped, there being no corners where litter can collect. Ends of tubs are rounded, higher than the sides, making them neater in appearance and providing more capacity. Also prevents contents of the tub from binding the bail or clogging the latch and thus interfering with the proper dumping. Liquid manure is often the last to be loaded, and is apt to settle at the ends; the rounded ends being higher than the sides prevent the liquids from slopping over the ends when you push carrier along the track. This higher rounded end costs much more to build, but it is a feature greatly appreciated by the user, helping to keep hands, clothes and floor clean. James tubs for the "Big Boy" carriers are constructed of 1 8-gauge galvanized steel, well riveted, not spot welded, to a framework of galvanized angle iron. 147 rivets are used on the tub. The angle iron at the side edges is 1 J/2 x 1 '/2 x '/g in. and at the ends ^xl %x'/8 in. ; end of tub reinforced with steel plates weighing 4'/2 pounds each, 4'/2 in. wide by J/g in. thick. Rivets are fV in. sherrardized, excepting corner rivets which are '/4 in. The heavy angle iron framework, steel plate reinforcing on the ends and the heavy riveting give the James tubs great strength and durability, making the tubs almost inde- structible, and absolutely rigid so that they will not rack. The strength of these tubs, and the superior workmanship put into them, cannot well be described; but can be appreciated only on seeing the tubs themselves. Bail When the "Big Boy" carrier is dropped to the floor, there is no horizontal bar in the way to interfere with loading. But when the tub is raised, the bail hangers lock in position against the horizontal shaft, forming a complete bail, and giving necessary rigidity to insure the carrier running steadily along the track. Thus the bail of the carrier is in place only when a complete bail is needed, and is out of the way while loading the tub. The bail hangers are heavy, flat steel bars, t^j x 1 '/2 in- with malleable fittings. Being turned edgeTvise to the tub, the bail hangers will not bend when a sudden jerk of the tub puts strain upon them. In carriers where such hangers are turned flat side to the tub, sudden endwise jerking of the carrier may bend them, interfering with the operation of the latch and trip. Dumps Either Side Tub can be dumped to either side, according to which side is loaded the heavier. This makes it easier to load the spreader or wagon evenly, and gives greater dumping area. The simple latches at each end of the tub are so connected as to lock and unlock simultaneously; latches are protected against clogging with manure. Gudgeon Gudgeon is of malleable, strongly riveted to the bail hanger. Gudgeon support is riveted through the two thicknesses of galvanized steel — the end of the tub and the steel reinforcing plate — and the rivets will not pull through. ^<5/£e JAOQGS T^AV jLJZX "Big Boy" Hoist, with Absolute Control Clutch and Brake ^<5/2e jAi?aGS t:?jav Absolute Control Clutch and Brake (PATENTED) This exclusive James feature makes possible the quick lowering of the tub by its own weight, thus savmg time in doing the chores — yet keeping the speed of descent under the absolute control of the operator. The friction brake enables the operator to lower the tub slowly — a sixteenth of an inch, or the entire length of the chain — or drop it quickly to within a few inches of the floor, and stop it almost instantly. The empty tub can be dropped from an eight-foot track to the floor in five seconds; the "Big Boy," filled, can be raised to an eight-foot track in from 20 to 25 seconds. The first time you have a chance, compare this record with other carriers, and then figure out for yourself how much time this one feature will save you in a year. The friction brake and the clutch are both controlled by the one lever, hence both are operated with the one hand. It is not necessary to touch the hand chain when lowering the tub — the one hand and the one lever starts, controls and stops it. When ready to lower the tub, a quick, strong pull on the control lever will release the clutch and set the friction brake ; the pressure on the lever then controls. Release the pressure somewhat and the tub begins to descend ; a slight pull slackens the speed regard- less of the weight in the tub; a stronger pull stops the descent. The lever may then be released entirely, setting the clutch instantly, holding the tub firmly at that exact point; the clutch never slips. This clutch is also a time saver when raising the tub, because it prevents any slipping back, a thing that is so annoying when raising a loaded tub with a hoist using dog and ratchet. The James clutch takes hold so quickly and firmly that, no matter how heavy the load, the James Carrier cannot slip back a fraction of an inch, even though it be raised an inch at a time. There is no lost motion. There are no ratchet teeth on the James Carrier, nothing to break or get out of order. The X-ray picture on the opposite page shows the simplicity of the mechanism and how it operates. In the picture the clutch is set. "Big Boy" Hoist Even a boy can operate the "Big Boy" carrier. The hoist is so geared as to make possible raising a heavy load in the shortest time without undue effort. The chain and sprocket type of hoist is used, the chain being the same size as that used to drive most grain binders. Every mechanic knows that this type of hoist has the least friction, excepting only the direct hoist which, however, requires more power. The worm gear hoists so often used are extremely wasteful of power because of a loss of power through friction; this may be verified by any textbook on the subject, or by any engineer. The mere fact that with worm gear type of carriers the tub will not lower of its own weight, but must be pulled down as well as up, shows how great the friction must be in the worm gear hoist. When the brake and clutch on the James Carrier are both released, the tub drops almost instantly, running free, proving ho^v little the friction is. The frame carrying the lower sprocket of the "Big Boy" hoist is adjustable to take up any slack in the chain, thus making it possible to overcome the effect of any wear in the lifting apparatus. Hoist is constructed throughout of the best iron and steel. All bearings are machined — not merely cored. Oil Groove Tracker Wheel Axle Actual size of bolt ^^S^ JAfXlGS T>JAY Simple Chain Guides Simple chain guides of malleable prevent the hand chain running off the hoist wheel. "Long Wheel Base" Tandem Trucks Each truck has two large, grey iron travelers, mounted tandem in a swiveled tracker wheel frame, like the trucks on a railroad car. This arrangement keeps the travelers always in alignment with the track, doing away with any tendency to turn and bind, causing friction and wear. It also does away with any tendency to jerk, and make the carrier push hard. Every farmer who has ever owned or used one of the older style of carriers that run on a flange track, with the tracker wheels side by side, will remember distinctly enough how jerkily and unevenly such a carrier runs on the track, and how hard it was to push. But how many have ever stopped to figure out the cause of the jerking motion? Per- haps this will explain it. Each truck of a carrier is hung on a swivel, so that the carrier will take the curve. In order that the trucks may swivel, there must be some play in the swivel joints. When you start to shove the loaded carrier along the track, the friction on the track flanges causes the tracker wheels to lag back — then suddenly the shove on the carrier becomes strong enough to overcome the friction, when the tracker wheels jerk forward. Then they lag back again — then jerk forward. You who have used such a carrier know how hard it is to push along the track, and how as the swivel wears more and more, the trouble becomes more and more aggravating. This jerkiness is forestalled in the James Carrier by means of the tandem tracker wheels. For any of the tracker wheels on a James Carrier to lag back or jerk forward, it would be necessary to raise either the front or the rear wheel. Here's an illustration : Take an ordinary hoe, and hook the shank over the track ; give the handle a shove parallel with the track, and it will swing back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. Now take a two prong or two shank garden hoe, and hang this over the track so that both shanks touch the track, giving you a two-point suspension, the same as you have with the James tandem tracker wheels. Now give the handle a shove in line with the track, it will sway back and forth two or three times and settle into position. This is brought about by the fact that in order to sway, it is necessary to raise one of the two points of suspension. The same principle applies to James tandem tracker wheels. The tracker wheel axle is of lathe-cut steel, the journal being machined and surfaced to size, so that the axle fits perfectly. There is an oil pocket around the axle, which dis- tributes the oil evenly, adding to the life of the carrier and making it run more easily and smoothly. The oil pocket is filled through oil hole in the hub shown in the picture. Keeper Prevents Carrier Jumping the Track The tracker wheel frame is so shaped that it prevents the carrier from jumping the track ; in fact, the carrier can be removed only by the human hand, swinging the tracker wheels, wheel frame and frame support to one side and lifting them at the same time. Solid Steel Shaft and Lifting Chain — less than actual size Splice Block for James I-Beam Track James I-Beam Track — actual size ^C572e JAOQGS T^AV 193 Solid Steel Shaft The shafts used on all James Carriers are of cold rolled, solid steel, I J,4 inches in diameter. The quality of material is the same as that used in factories for line shafting, where its strength and success have been fully proved. The solid steel shaft will not bend — it may spring a trifle with an overload, but when the weight is removed it immediately springs back into place. The solid steel shaft is rolled to exact size, and fits the bearings and sprocket perfectly, leaving practically no chance for any play and wear. Tubing, on the other hand, though often used for carrier shafts, is not suited to the purpose, because it varies in size, and can- not be made to fit accurately ; and because tubing once bent, remains bent. Lifting Chain The lifting chain or cable is the weakest point in many carriers — the limited winding space on the shaft making it necessary to use small chain or cable of insufficient strength. The lifting chain on James Carriers has the full length of the shaft on which to wind ; heavy, straight link chain is used, this being strongest and best suited to the purpose. It IS attached to the center of the shaft and winds up in such a way that it forms an open spiral — the chain does not climb upon itself, causing it to rub and wear. Chain is tested for five times the load it will have to carry. The three point suspension distributes the load equally along the shaft; and gives a double purchase, making it easier to raise the tub. High Lift Feature The long winding space on the shaft makes it easy to transform the carrier into a high lift carrier, by merely putting on longer lifting chains. There is plenty of room on the shaft for all the chain required for any ordinary height of ceiling. The James Carrier tubs raise closer to the track than others, thus ofttimes avoiding the necessity of excavating when there is a rise of ground just outside the door; the carrier more readily clears the spreader or wagon, and the manure can be piled higher when it is necessary to let it accumulate in the yard. The "Big Boy" Carrier with tub, in raised position, measures but three feet from bottom of track to bottom of tub. Removable Track Sections Used to permit closing of sliding doors; also used where two tracks cross, and for other necessary openings. When removed, automatically sets stop blocks, making it im- possible for a carrier to run off the open ends of the track. Standard length is fourteen inches, but for driveways, etc., can be supplied any length. I-Beam Track (PATENTED) The James Track has many important advantages not possessed by other tracks. In the first place, it can be quickly and easily put up, even by inexperienced help — in fact, is easier to erect than any rod track. And once in place, it is there to stay. i m\\\\\ \ I., '1 '-^ A James Carrier Outside Support. ^^S/^ JAOOGS bJAV 207 Supports for James Track Outside the Barn (PATENTED) STEEL ARCH SUPPORT: As shown on page 206. Constructed of l%-^a. O. D. pipe, galvanized, with malleable fittings and Yi-m. U-bolts on top and iV.-in. bolts in coupling clamps. The uprights in each pair of posts are five feet apart, on centers set in concrete. Very satisfactory track support. Furnished any height. Supports Alongside the Barn Sometimes it happens that it is necessary to carry the I-Beam track along the outside of the barn. If a Combination Carrier is being used, it may not be possible to run the rod track out into the yard directly from the door ; in such case the track can be supported from the side of the barn, carrying the I-Beam track to a point from which the rod track can be run out as desired. Or m some barns where the rows of cows run crosswise, it may be desirable to bring the track out of one door and m to another in order to reach certain parts of the stable — especially if it happens that alleys are too narrow to permit the passage of the carrier. Track supported from the side of the barn may also be used in cases where a swing- ing crane cannot be extended from the door itself, some other building, for instance, being in the way. It is easy to carry the I-Beam track to a point from which a crane may be swung. This track support is furnished in two styles. STEEL SUPPORT: Made in two sizes. One, constructed of 2^'8-in. O. D. galvanized pipe, the brackets which hold the supporting rods being fastened to the barn with %-in. lag screws. The supporting rods are '/2-in- diameter. Struts are 2%-in. O. D. galvanized pipe, fastened to the barn with malleable flanges and Yz-m. lag screws. The other, made of 1 /^-in. O. D. pipe, painted, with j^'i"- ^^% screws. No threaded fittings are used, the pipe frame being put together with clamps of best malleable. The entire structure can be erected with no tools excepting a hammer and a wrench. Blue prints showing details and prices furnished on application. WOOD SUPPORT: A similar structure can be built of wood, in which case we furnish only the supporting rods of Yl m. diameter, with brackets and lag screws for attaching to barn and the wood frame. rstG "^ST^e ^QlC^^^ TIpJAY 209 The "Big Boy" Litter Carrier ( PATENTED ) SPECIFICATIONS TUB: Constructed of eighteen-gauge galvanized sheet steel, built on a framework of angle iron; angle iron at side edges being I !/2xl j/^x' a in- ; at the ends ?/8xl |^x' k in. ; end of tub reinforced with steel plate 4I/2x' a in. Well riveted, all ri\e[s sherardized and are ,''t in., except corner rivets, which are ' 4 in. Gudgeon support IS riveted to the two thicknesses of steel on end of tub. Tub is self-cleaning. For complete information see page 187. PERFECT CONTROL CLUTCH AND BRAKE: Of malleable and bar steel. For explanation of operation see page 1 89. HOIST: Chain and sprocket type. Made of best iron and steel. The frame carrying the lower sprocket is adjustable to take up the slack, thus making it possible to over- come any wear. So geared as to make possible the raising of heavy loads in the shortest time without undue effort. (See page 189.) CHAIN GUIDES: Malleable. Prevent hand chain running off the hoist wheel. SHAFT: Of 1 !/4-in. cold rolled solid steel shafting, same as used in factories for line shafting. (Page 193.) LIFTING CHAIN: Heavy straight link chain, tested for live times the load it will have to carry. Three point suspension: in winding up forms an open spiral, prevent- ing rubbing and wear. (Page 193.) The distance from the top of the tracker wheels to the bottom of the Big Boy No. 2 Tub when raised is 43 inches; when lowered to full length of lifting chain the distance IS 8 feet 8 inches. TRACKER WHEELS: Made of gray iron; 4f4 in. in diameter, mounted in swiveled tracker wheel frames. Travelers arranged tandem. Tracker wheel axle of steel with oil pocket; journal machined and surfaced. (See pages 188-189.) TRACKER WHEEL FRAME: So constructed that wheels cannot jump the track. May be removed only by hand. (Pages 188-189.) LATCH AND TRIP: Latches at each end of tub lock and unlock simultaneously. Protected against clogging with manure. Latch trip operated from either end. BAIL HANGERS: Heavy flat steel bars /;; x 1 '^ in., edgewise to the tub. Mal- leable fittings and sheave. (See page 187.) BEARINGS: All bearings that get wear in operation are machined to assure accurate fit and smooth surface; this reduces friction, lessens wear, increases ease of operation and adds greatly to life of carrier. Bearings that are left merely cored, as they come from the foundry, are covered with sand roughness, which cuts into metal like so much emery. Hence the great importance ol machined bearings. (See page 196.) CAPACITY: Tub No. 2 is 45 in. long, 24 in. deep, 24 in. wide, and holds approxi- mately I 2 bushels coarse manure. WEIGHT: Tub No. 2 approximately 200 pounds. ^<5Sy?^ ££.^,.,?.s M^X ill The James Feed Car (PATENTED) SPECIFICATIONS TUB: Constructed of selected lumber; bottom and ends 20-gauge galvanized steel, the design making it easy to shovel. Corners bound with corner iron. SIZE: Extreme length 68 inches, width 26 inches, height 24 inches. PERFECT CONTROL CLUTCH AND BRAKE: Of malleable and bar steel. For explanation of operation see page 1 89. HOIST: Chain and sprocket type. Made of the best iron and steel. The frame carrying the lower sprocket is adjustable to take up the slack, thus making it pos- sible to overcome any wear. So geared as to make possible the raising of heavy loads in the shortest time without undue effort. (See page 189.) CHAIN GUIDES: Malleable. Prevent hand chains running off the hoist wheel. SHAFT: Of 1 J/4 -in. cold rolled solid steel shafting, same as used in factories for line shafting. (Page 193.) LIFTING CHAIN: Heavy straight link chain, tested for five times the load it will have to carry. Three point suspension ; in winding up forms an open spiral pre- venting rubbing and wear. (Page 193.) TRACKER WHEELS: Made of gray iron; 4% in. in diameter mounted in swiveled tracker wheel frames. Travelers arranged tandem. Tracker wheel axle of steel with oil pocket; journal machined and surfaced. (See pages 188-189.) TRACKER WHEEL FRAME: So constructed that wheels cannot jump the track. May be removed only by hand. (Pages 188-189.) BAIL: Heavy channel steel. Extends nearly to bottom of tub. So shaped as to permit the greatest freedom when shoveling. BEARINGS: All bearings that get wear in operation are machined, to assure accurate fit and smooth surface; this reduces friction, lessens wear, increases ease of operation and adds greatly to life of carrier. Bearings that are left merely cored, as they come from the foundry, are covered with sand roughness, which cuts into metal like so much emery. Hence the great importance of machined bearings. (See page 196.) CAPACITY: Approximately I 6 bushels. WEIGHT: 250 pounds. James Mille Can Carrier "^oEe JA(?a€S '^&>Z 213 Milk Can Carrier (PATENTED) Where the James I-Beam Track is already installed in the barn, the Milk Can Carrier outfit costs but very little, the only additional cost being for the carrier itself with perhaps a little additional track to reach the Milk House. The James Milk Can Carrier is a distinct improvement over the platform carrier from which cans not only slip off in going around a curve but with which it is necessary to lift cans on and off. The James Carrier may be lowered to the floor and the hooks quickly released from the can handles. The friction clutch makes it possible to lower and hold the cans withm an inch of the floor, preventing them from coming in contact with any litter and keeping the cans clean. SPECIFICATIONS PERFECT CONTROL CLUTCH AND BRAKE: Of malleable and bar steel. For explanation of operation see page 189. HOIST: Because of the lighter load handled by the Milk Can Carrier the direct type hoist IS used. (See page 189.) CHAIN GUIDES: Malleable. Prevent hand chain running off the hoist wheel. SHAFT: Of 1 '/4-in. cold rolled solid steel shafting, same as used in factories for line shafting. (Page 193.) LIFTING CHAIN: Heavy straight link chain, tested for five times the load it will have to carry. Three point suspension ; in winding up forms an open spiral pre- venting rubbing and wear. (Page 193.) TRACKER WHEELS: Made of gray iron; 4% in. in diameter, mounted in swiveled tracker wheel frames. Travelers arranged tandem. Tracker wheel axle of steel with oil pocket; journal machined and surfaced. (See pages 188-189.) TRACKER WHEEL FRAME: So constructed that wheels cannot jump the track. May be removed only by hand. (Pages 188-189.) BEARINGS: All bearings that get wear in operation are machined, to assure accurate fit and smooth surface ; this reduces friction, lessens wear, increases ease of operation and adds greatly to life of carrier. Bearings that are left merely cored, as they come from foundry, are covered with sand roughness, which cuts into metal like so much emery. Hence the great importance of machined bearings. (See page 196.) Instead of a suspended tub or platform the milk cans are suspended from a carbon steel pipe, fitted with a sheave on each end, through which runs the lifting chains that wind over the steel shaft. Suspended from the pipe are steel straps with hooks which grapple the milk can handles. Sufficient distance between these supports is provided to admit the use of a strainer; the cans need not be detached, from the time they are taken empty from the milk-house until they are returned. CAPACITY: Will handle either 1 , 2 or 3 milk cans. WEIGHT: Approximately I I pounds. 214 ^<5^ ji^oaGs T^&is: <^5^ JA(?aG:S X^fVl 215 James Swill Carrier SPECIFICATIONS Capacity ol can 70 gallons. Outside dimensions 28 inches diameter by 32 inches high. The can is constructed of 1 8-gauge galvanized steel, lock seamed and well riveted to a framework of angle and channel iron. The top is reinforced with ^-in. x 1 %-in. x ! g-in. angle iron, bottom rim with a 1 '/2-in. x %-in. x J-'g-in. channel iron. Two pieces of 1 '/4-in. X 1 '/4-'n- x /^Q-in. tee iron is placed horizontally under bottom sheet, well riveted to channel, giving great supporting strength. A heavy galvanized collar is riveted and soldered to the can and fitted with a 3-in. gate. Bail hangers are heavy galvanized steel plate riveted to barrel with 20 sherrardized rivets ; seams and rivet heads are well soldered on inside. HOIST: The Big Boy hoist is furnished (see page 289) fitted with extra strong pipe, swivel and hook, allowing swill to be delivered on either side of feeding alley. |»-*<0^n!^J'^^ <^i?^ JAOaGS T^a.Y 219 The James Combination Carrier (For I-Beam and Rod Track) This carrier has back of it all the quahty, reputation and experience that have made James Carriers and James Equipment famous and successfuL For the smaller barns, it is one of the most valuable and most sensible labor savers ever put on the market, and is proving a big winner. It is not, however, adapted to the larger barns, say fifteen head of stock or more, because the capacity of the tub is limited by the strength of the anchorage of the rod track. The James Combination Carrier has all the advantages of the I-Beam track inside the barn — the celebrated James track that can be bent to any curve without the use of heat, doing away with the expense for special curves; the "button-on" hangers that make the outfit easy to erect, a tub that can be quickly dropped to the floor for loading, and that "stays put" on the track while being filled — track can't sag, hence the carrier moves only when you push it ; and other features that make barn cleaning easy. This carrier also has all the advantages of the rod track outside the barn. You can stand at the barn door, give the carrier a shove — it runs out, dumps at the desired point and returns automatically to the barn. Saves walking through the wet yard and snow. The tub dumps to either side, giving you more dumping space and making it more con- venient to dump into wagon or spreader. Latches at the ends of the tub lock and unlock simultaneously; work surely and easily; and are protected so they will not clog with manure. The trip block which dumps the tub can be locked to the track at any desired point. When the trip strikes this block, the tub dumps to whichever side is loaded the heavier. An ingenious device makes the trip positive, so that dumping is certain. Carrier returns automatically to the barn when empty. The long life tub is the same in materials and construction as the "Big Boy" carrier tubs, described on page 187, the only difference being in size. Heavy straight link lifting chain is used, this being strongest and best adapted to the purpose. It is attached to the center of the cold rolled, solid steel shaft, so that in winding up it forms a very open spiral, preventing rubbing and wear. No cable to wear out and break. The carrier is very easy running because of the narrow tread on both the I-Beam track and the rod track, and because each tracker wheel contains eleven long, cold rolled steel bearings, making it almost frictionless. Whether the carrier is on the rod track or on the I-Beam track, or passing from one to the other, it can't jump off. The ingenious keeper makes that impossible. There is but one way to get it off the track and that is by deliberately hfting it off. The direct hoist is used; so geared as to raise the load in the shortest time possible without undue effort. The Absolute Control Clutch and Brake described on page 201 is a most important part of the Combination Carrier. Turn back to that page and learn its advantages. B *W^ mi '<5^ JAOOGS I^AV 221 James Combination Litter Carrier (PATENTED) SPECIFICATIONS TUB: Constructed of 1 8-gauge galvanized sheet steel. Built on a frame work of angle iron; angle iron at side edges being 1 x I x J 'a in.; at the ends 1 x 1 x ' g if-; end of tub reinforced with steel plate 3], 2 x ' « in. Well riveted, all rivets galvanized and are j'',; in., except corner rivets, which are '/i in. Gudgeon support is riveted to the two thicknesses of steel on end of tub. Tub is self-cleaning. PERFECT CONTROL CLUTCH AND BRAKE; Of malleable and bar steel. For explanation of operation see page 1 89. HOIST: Direct type; hoist wheel is I 1 in. in diameter; raises tub quickly; made of best iron and steel. CHAIN GUIDES: Malleable. Prevent hand chain running off hoist wheel. SHAFT: 1 '/4-in. cold rolled solid steel shafting, same as used in factories for line shafting. (See page 193.) LIFTING CHAIN: Straight link chain, tested for several times the load it will have to carry. Three-point suspension; m winding up forms an open spiral, preventing rubbing and wear. (See page 193.) The distance from the top of the tracker wheels to the bottom of the Combination Carrier Tub, when raised, is 44 inches ; when lowered the distance is 8 feet. TRACKER WHEELS: Made of gray iron. Large diameter. Mounted on swiveled tracker wheel frames. Tracker wheel axle of steel with eleven long cold rolled steel bearings. TRACKER WHEEL FRAME AND KEEPER: So constructed that wheels can not jump the track whether on rod track, I-beam track or passing from one to the other. (See page 19L) BAIL: Channel steel, reinforced by corner bail braces. LATCH AND TRIP: Latches at both ends, locking and unlocking simultaneously. Tub dumps automatically when trip strikes the trip block; trip block, of malleable iron locked to cable with a set screw I x I/4 in., can be locked at any desired point on the track. BEARINGS: All bearings that get wear in operation are machined, to assure accurate tit and smooth surface; this reduces friction, lessens \vear, increases ease of operation and adds greatly to life of carrier. Bearings that are left merely cored, as they come from the foundry, are covered with sand roughness, which cuts into metal like so much emery. Flence the great importance of machined bearings. (See page 196.) CAPACITY: Tub is 40 inches long, 22 inches wide, 16 inches deep, and measures approximately 5 bushels. WEIGHT: Approximately 145 pounds. No. 000000 rod track must be used with the combination carrier. 222 ^^3^ jAoaes wiiv Adjustable Track Strut See illustration above Combination Track Transfer Illustrations A and B show clearly the operation of the keeper which prevents jumping the track ; the absolute control clutch and brake ; and the easy running tracker wheels. The winding shaft is cold rolled, solid steel shafting. ^^7^ JA(?aGS T^i^V 223 James "Chore Boy" Carrier (For Rod Track) While the demand Is more and more for the James I-Beam 1 rack Carrier, with a swinging crane, there is some call for moderate priced rod track carriers for use in small barns where only a few head of stock are to be cared for. The James "Chore Boy" meets this need combining as it does all the desirable and essential features necessary for a rod track outfit at a moderate price. By putting up the outer end of the track at the proper angle the carrier, when loaded, can be made to run out, dump its load at the desired point, and return automatically to the barn. A vigorous shove at the barn door is all that is required. The tub of the carrier is dumped by means of a trip block, which can be placed at any desired point on the track. When the trip strikes this block it unlocks the tub, the tub dumping either way, according to which side is loaded the heavier. An ingenious device makes the trip positive, so that tub is always certain to dump. Tub is so shaped as to be self cleaning. The "Chore Boy" cannot jump the track, being prevented by automatic keepers on the tracker wheels. The keeper, however, unlocks as it strikes a curve, allowing tracker wheel to swivel ; the other wheel remaining on the track is locked rigid and parallel with the rod track, thus overcoming the tendency to run sideways and bind. This position is maintained until the wheel strikes the curve, then the keeper unlocks and allows the wheel to swivel. Each tracker wheel contains ten long, cold rolled steel bearings, producing a bearing almost frictionless. The bail is adjustable, so that the tub can be lowered or raised. The carrier can be adjusted to take either a left or right hand curve, it being only necessary to lift the wheels from the track, one at a time, and swivel them around. SPECIFICATIONS STEEL END TUB: Of 18-gauge galvanized steel. Built on a frame work of angle iron, 1 X 1 X '/8 'n. at side and end edges; end of tub reinforced steel plate 3J/2 X !/'8 in., well riveted, all rivets galvanized and are /yr in. except corner rivets, which are J/4 in. Gudgeon support is riveted to the two thicknesses of steel on end of tub. Tub is self-cleaning. BAIL: Of channel steel with heavy bail braces. Bail is adjustable. GUDGEON : Attached to steel end tub, riveted through the two thicknesses of steel. TRACKER WHEELS: Gray iron, lathe turned, large diameter, mounted in swiveled tracker wheel frames. Tracker wheel axle of steel with eleven long cold rolled steel bearings. TRACKER WHEEL FRAME AND KEEPER: So constructed that wheel can- not jump the track. LATCH AND TRIP: Tub dumps automatically when trip strikes the trip block Trip block of bar steel 1 x '/4 in., can be locked at any desired point on the track. BEARINGS: All bearings that get wear in operation are machined, to assure accurate fit and smooth surface; this reduces friction, lessens wear, increases ease of operation and adds greatly to life of carrier. Bearings that are left merely cored as they come from the foundry, are covered with sand roughness, which cuts into metal like so much emery. Hence the great importance of machined bearings. CAPACITY: Is 4 1 J/? inches long, 24 inches wide, 15 inches deep, and measures approximately AYi bushels. WEIGHT: Approximately 80 pounds. To be used on No. 0000 rod track. r j— — GHORI- BOY -y^x je- r^Z^yy<7/ v^f!/)L <^5^ JArXiGS WAV 225 "Chore Boy" Carrier Parts Six Basic Steel Wire, cut to length. Four Basic Steel Wire cut to length. Switch or Curve, No. 6 Angle Bracket for Rod Track f- z (J Q UJ Id ^<57^ ji=i(?ae:s wa.v 227 The James Feed Trucks SPECIFICATIONS i6-Bushel Truck BOX: Constructed of clear selected lumber, strongly reinforced by side cleats. Bottom IS No. 1 8-gauge galvanized sheet steel. Extreme length 68 inches, width 26 inches, height 24 inches. Ends slanting to make shoveling easy. The weight of the feed box is equally balanced on the wheels so that when filled the truck can be run along any reasonably smooth floor or walk with but little effort. WHEELS: Arrangement of the wheels is such that the truck can be turned around in a space of 75 inches in diameter. MAIN WHEELS: 12 inches in diameter, 2-inch face. End wheel anti-friction swivel, 6-inch diameter, 2-inch face. AXLE: I -inch solid cold rolled steel, with set collars; axle and wheels run freely. Extreme length of shaft 32 inches. BEARINGS: All bearings that get wear in operation are machined, to assure accurate fit and smooth surface; this reduces friction, lessens wear, increases ease of operation and adds greatly to life of carrier. Bearings that are left merely cored, as they come from foundry, are covered with sand roughness, which cuts into metal like so much emery. Hence the great importance of machined bearings. CAPACITY: 16 bushels. WEIGHT: Approximately 200 pounds. Can be made special in other widths to meet conditions, if alleys or doors are too James Milk Can Truck SPECIFICATIONS 229 FRAME: Best hard maple. FLOOR: Clear birch, ^-inch thick, reinforced with steel straps to prevent wear. WHEELS AND SWIVEL: Gray iron, heavy, to stand all shocks. Drilled for oil holes. Now made with four wheels, instead of three as illustrated. AXLE; 1 -inch diameter, mild steel. HANDLE: %-inch diameter, mild steel. Drinking Cup Wash Tank SPECIFICATIONS To be used on truck shown above. Tank made of I 8-gauge galvanized sheet steel, strongly reinforced at the top with ^-in. X 1 %-in. x V%-m. galvanized angles; all joints securely riveted and soldered both inside and outside. Divided into two water tight compartments 17% inches long, 21 inches wide, 13 inches deep and 34)/2 inches long, 2! inches wide, 13 inches deep. Over all dimensions of tank are 24% inches wide, 53% inches long, 1 3 inches high. James Sanitary Steel Pens HE money to be made m dairy farmmg depends m no small degree on the care and treatment given the animals. James Sanitary Steel Pens have been developed to aid in making the dairy barn the biggest profit-maker possible. And in the building of these pens, the same principles have been followed that underlie the success of James Cow Stalls. Not only do James Pens confine the animals securely, but they provide the maximum of cleanliness and comfort, and interfere the least with light and proper ventilation, thus promoting health. They also reduce barn work and pay big dividends on the investment through the saving of labor alone. James Pens are Easy to Set Up The James Pens are most easily erected. They are shipped from the factory already assembled in panels; the gates and the bull pen manger panels are already built. To erect the pens, all that is necessary is to set the corner, intermediate and gate posts in the tubular anchors (which will have already been placed m the concrete curb), bolt the panel to the posts; and fill the tubular anchors with cement. As soon as this cement sets your pen is solid. This method effects a great saving in the cost of erection. Formerly, we did not use the panel construction but ran each upright into the cement curb, which required great care and much labor to set up the pens. The cost of manufacturing panel construction pens is a third more than the cost of making the pen where each upright runs into the curb; and likewise it saves you half the expense and difficulty in erection. It is a better pen in every way, but our increasing business makes it possible to furnish it without adding to the price because of this improvement. James Tubular Pen Anchors (PATENT APPLIED FOR) The anchors are the only part of the pens required at the time the con- crete work is done. James Pen Anchors may be secured on short notice either from Fort Atkinson, or Elmira, N. Y. ; Wright-Ziegler Co., Boston; De Laval Dairy Supply Co., San Francisco and Seattle, or some other nearby dis- tributing point. The contractor can go right ahead finishing the cement work according to simple instructions supplied with the anchors. The pens may be set up at any time later when most convenient. This method makes erection of James Pens so easy that even a boy could do the work and does away with possibility of delay in cementing floors. ^(57£e JA(?aGS IpJAV 233 Panels and Posts The corner post, gate post and upright intermediate post extend through the concrete curb and into the sohd floor; these posts support the panels and are spaced no farther apart than five feet on centers for bull pens; nine feet for cow pens. The uprights are held securely to the horizontals at the top and bottom by heavy malleable inserts with sanitary flanges which fit into ends of uprights and into holes drilled in horizontals, making a smooth neat panel that is easy to keep clean. The panels are bolted together by 7/16 in. special bolts, spaced not more than four spindles apart in bull pens, six spindles in cow and calf pens, and seven in hog pens. All bolts used are heavy cut thread bolts — the most expensive kind but which can be depended upon to hold. This is a new type of panel construction, combining unusual strength with neat appearance and a minimum of dust catching surfaces. The Gate Hinge The hinge on the pen gate is attached not only to the gate and gate post, but runs back to the second upright on both the gate and the panel. The fittings cannot twist under a strain and spring the gate open, as can be done with a gate the hinges of which are attached to but one upright of the gate and one upright pipe of the panel. Watering Cups for James Pens The James individual watering cup may be attached to any James pen and provides the most convenient and sanitary means of watering the animals. We are also in position to furnish name plates, with fittings to attach to pens. The James "Safety First" Bull Pen The James sanitary steel bull pen is the most satisfactory way of keepmg the bull. He no longer need be tied by a ring in his nose, but can be turned loose to move about with freedom, within sight of the herd, but where he can do no harm. The dairy farmer of today realizes that the bull is half the dairy herd. To get the best results from the bull, he must be in first-class condition and of high vitality. He is a big heavy animal and it is cruel to confine him in cramped quarters where he has no means of relief. If you keep him m a stall day after day, his muscles naturally weaken from lack of exercise and his vitality is reduced. If he is uncomfortable, he gets morose, ugly and hard to handle. When turned loose in a James pen, he has plenty of room to change position, and to f , ,.^. ^(5^ jnOaGS l£^AV 235 get all the exercise that he needs to keep him in perfect condition physically. This maintains his vitality and keeps him in better humor. He is far less apt to become dangerously ugly, than when fastened in a narrow stall; this alone is worth the price of the pen. Many dairymen emphasize the importance of keeping the bull where he can see the herd; claiming that when he cannot get a view of the herd the best results cannot be hoped for, and that he is even liable to become worthless. The James bull pen is worth its cost from the standpoint of insurance against accidents, for it vastly simplifies and makes safe the handling of the bull. Safety First Every man with a family and responsibility believes that insurance is a good thing; you insure your buildings against fire; you insure your automobile; and you insure yourself against death or accident. You are familiar with the habits of a bull and you know that one does not gradually go mad. He loses his temper in a flash. What if there are children who play about the barn? What if this bull should become infuriated and break loose while they are near him? What if you have help which does not know how to handle the animal and he breaks loose and injures or kills your hired man? Under the law, you are responsible for accidents that happen because you do not keep the bull in safe quarters. And you yourself might be helpless if he should try to get you and should break loose from his stall while you are in the barn without protection. The James Pen is a "safety first" device that no owner of a bull can afford to be without. Looking at the bull pen merely from the viewpoint of insurance, and dis- regarding its value in other ways, it is a protection that is cheap at the price. When necessary to work around the bull, you can easily entice him to put his head through the stanchion by placing feed in the manger and locking him in. He cannot get loose until he is turned loose. You can work about him in perfect safety. This safe, sanitary and humane means of confining and caring for the bull is just as important as any other part of your barn equipment. Indeed, at any time it may be of far greater importance, by saving your life or preventing serious injury; and do not forget that the condition of your bull affects the whole herd, for he is directly responsible for just about half the quality of your herd. In order that the pens may stand the severe strain to which they are sub- jected, the bull pen corner posts, gate posts and intermediate posts are made of double strength pipe 1 Vi, in. O. D. with pipe wall 1 /5 in. in thickness. 236 ^^57£e JAPaCS T^£1V James Bull Pen Gate and Bull Pen Gate Lock Lock Open ■■>i;\*M^''^vi.v:. ■ <^ JA PQ G S 5££W 237 The posts are so strong that the unsightly, cob-web catching arches over the gates are no longer needed. Being strong enough for the gate, the posts are of course also strong enough at the end of a panel next the wall, the panel does not need to be attached to the wall. If you realize what a strain a bull pen is put to if a bull weighing a ton or more throws himself agamst it with all his force, you will see the wisdom of buying a bull pen with James quality of materials and James construction. The inside walls of the James bull pen have no tilting mangers or feed boxes which the bull can worry and break down by testing his strength. The manger is built of pipe and is just as strong as the rest of the pen. A watering bucket can be attached to the manger so that the bull may have water before him all the time. The stanchion is adjustable in neck space and has a wood lining which not only adds to strength of stanchion but keeps the neck of the bull from contact with the cold steel when locked in the stanchion. The stanchion is easy to open, but cannot be opened by the bull. It locks by simply slam- ming shut. The Bull Proof Lock (PATENT APPLIED FOR) We have developed a new lock for the pen gate that insures safety, for it is so constructed that it never fails to catch when the gate is slammed shut. It is very simple in construction, bull-proof and positive in action. The gate lock cannot be opened except by your hand. The "disappearing" handle must be raised, then turned — two operations which it is impossible for the bull to perform. The upright posts are clean of all projecting fittings and there are no sharp points to jam the bull as he comes in or out of the pen. "I got a bull pen from you at the same time. It is very secure, lessening the risk of keeping a bad animal tied away from other stock. Some time before, without this pen, I had a loss of nearly $250 in having a bull get loose, killing a horse in the stall in the barn." — A. A. Turk, Rice Lake, Wis. <^7^ J^PQGS XjJPlV 239 James Sanitary Bull Pen (PATENT APPLIED FOR) SPECIFICATIONS CORNER POSTS: 1-1 in. 0. D. double strength pipe. Used w,th James Tubular Pen Anchors. GATE POSTS: \-l in. 0. D. double strength pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. INTERMEDIATE POSTS: 1 1 in. 0. D. double strength pipe. Spa not more than 5 ft. apart. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. PANEL HORIZONTALS: I J in. 0. D. pipe. Top and bottom horizon- tals bolted together with jj in. cut thread bolts, spaced no more than four spindles apart. PANEL UPRIGHTS: 1 :; in. 0. D. pipe spaced 6^ in. on centers, ANCHORS: James Tubular Pen Anchors 3.1 m. 0. D. 9 in. long. Mad. 24-gauge steel. These anchors are the only part of the pen required at the time the concrete work is done. (See page 234.) FITTINGS: Best Malleable. \ in. cut thread bolts used with fittings for attaching panels to posts. ORNAMENTS: Best malleable; dust proof type. GATES: Frame 1| in. 0. D. pipe, with 1 5 in. 0. D. pipe uprights. All fittings of best malleable. Equipped with heavy bull proof lock. Hinges are of best malleable, offset so that gate will swing back against pen. Half the hinge clamped not only to the gate post but also to the upright next to it; the other half of hinge not only clamped to the gate frame but also to the upright next to it. GATE LOCK: Best malleable. Double latch connected by I in. square steel rod. Gate locks when slammed shut; can be opened only by hand, it being necessary to raise the lever and turn. Cannot be opened by bull. Simple, positive in action, strong. (See page 236.) FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease. and foreign matter, thoroughly preparing the material for painting: it is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) HEIGHT Pen is 5 ft, 4 in, from the floor. WEIGHT: 40 lbs. per linear foot. SHIPPED ASSEMBLED IN PANELS James Bull Pen Manger CONSTRUCTION: \i in. 0. D, pipe with malleable fittings and dust proof ornaments. Corner Posts I } in. 0. D, SIZE: Regularly furnished 26 in. wide, 36 in. long and 28 in. high from floor. Size and shape may be varied to suit conditions. James Bull Stanchion (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Side bars of 1 « in. 0. D. double strength pipe with wood linings bolted on. Horizontal at bottom Is of square pipe U x U in. Fittings are of best malleable. Neck space is adjustable from 7 to 1 5 in. Stanchion lock is of safety type. Cannot be opened by bull. Locks when stanchion is slammed shut; _ best malleable. (See page 232 for illustration.) Exact sizes of pipe used. 240 <^^ JAOaGS X^£^^ The James Cow Pens Cow pens are used for many purposes but generally for sick animals or for animals that for some special reason are being given every advantage for development, growth or production. Pens are used for animals that need special care. Whether pens are to be used for increasing production, for hospital pur- poses, or for growing animals, the great idea to be kept in mind is to so build them as to provide June comfort, light, ventilation and sanitation the whole year around. This same idea should, of course, always be in mind with barn building, but more especially with pen barns as these are to house animals at critical periods of their lives when they must receive special care. The James cow pen is constructed of steel paneling which does not obstruct light or hinder ventilation. Cork brick makes a very good substitute for the pasture bed ; it saves bedding, avoids udder troubles and the most valuable place for cork brick is for pen floors. The removable bucket is very necessary especially with the pen used for hospital purposes. Often the animal must not have access to water and often the pen is used for an animal suffering from an infectious disease. There is no other cup so easily cleaned as the James cup, which can be removed, put into a tank and washed, or thoroughly sterilized. The James cow pen not only provides June comfort for the stock but makes it possible to maintain this condition the year around. It is easily cleaned and in reality is a hospital, a place where any animal can do her best to throw off disease, to produce or to grow. The old-time wooden box stall is a pest house as soon as the first infectious case is housed in it. Perhaps the most common use of the cow pen in the average barn is for a freshening pen. This is the most important period for the dairy cow as the manner in which she passes through the critical period has a great deal to do with how she produces during her lactation period. The cow should be placed in the pen several days before freshening and allowed to get used to it before the calf is born. As soon as the calf is able to walk he should be removed to different quarters and the cow allowed to remain in the pen for several days, after which she is put back in the stall if she is a dairy cow. Of all the diseases that cattle have abortion is by far the worst. There is no known cure. We know how it spreads. The only way to stop its spread is by sanitation especially at freshening time. An infected freshening pen can easily cause every cow in the herd to abort the following year. One cannot tell what cow may infect the pen and the only safe way is bv thorough cleaning after each calf is born. This is a very simple task with the James sanitary ^^572e JAPQGS ^^AY 241 pen but a very difficult one with pens of faulty construction. With the James pen the floor and the steel panels can easily be washed with a strong disinfectant. Not only does the James cow pen meet every requirement in providing the maximum of ventilation, light and dryness, but it makes it very easy to keep the pen clean from day to day. The smooth surface of the steel offers little opportunity to collect dust and germs. James Tilting Feed Manger The James Tilting Feed Manger for cow pens is a time and labor saver in feeding the cow, and is one of the most convenient devices about the barn. It is the only feed manger that solves the problem of feeding in the pen; making it possible to feed the animal without going inside. Where an ordinary manger is used, the droppings of the cow are certain to fall into it, unless placed so high that it prevents her eating. If placed on the floor, or low enough for feeding, the box is certain to become fouled, to be tramped on, and to interfere with the cow's freedom. The James Tilting Feed Mr er is placed at a convenient height for the cow; it IS inside the pen while she is eating, and may be outside the pen, out of her way the balance of the time. It then takes up no room inside the pen when not in use, giving the cow the full benefit of the space. To feed, the manger is filled and tilted in, locking in position; when the cow is through eating, it may be tilted out. To clean, the manger is dropped to the floor outside the pen and quickly swept out or flushed. The manger requires 3 feet 3 inches of the panel, and is 3 feet long; projects 20 inches into the pen, 21 inches into the alley when swung out for filling, and 25 inches into the alley when dropped to the floor for cleaning. (Stanchion Panel for Young Stock.) (PATENTED) Stanchions should not be spaced closer than 2 feet 4 inches on centers. c o a "c U) (U <^:^ jA(?ae:s iixJAV 243 James Sanitary Cow Pen (PATENT APPLIED FOR) SPECIFICATIONS CORNER POSTS: I; [n. 0. D. pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. GATE POSTS: 1:5 in. 0. D. double strength pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. INTERMEDIATE POSTS: 1 i m. 0. D. pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. Used when panels are over nine feet. PANEL HORIZONTALS; I ^ in. 0. D. pipe. Top and bottom horizontals bolted together with j^ in. cut thread bolts, spaced not more than si.x spindles apart. PANEL UPRIGHTS: I A in. 0. D. pipe spaced 5;i in. on centers. ANCHORS: James Tubular Pen Anchors 3.^ in. 0. D. 24- gauge steel, 9 in. long. Pen anchors are the only part of the pen required at the time the concrete work is done. (See page 234 for illustration.) FITTINGS: Best malleable, -n; in. cut thread bolts used with fittings for attaching panels to posts. ORNAMENTS: Best malleable: dust proof type. GATE: Frame of 1^ in. 0. D. pipe with liV i", 0. D. steel pipe uprights. All fittings of best malleable. Equipped with same safety lock as on the bull pen. Hinges are of best malleable, offset so that gate swings back against pen. Half the hinge clamped not only to the gate post but also to the upright next to it; the other half of hinge clamped not only to the gate frame but also to the upright next to it. GATE LOCK: Best malleable. Double latch, connected by » in. square steel rod. Gate locks when slammed shut; can be opened only by hand, it being necessary to raise the lever and turn. Can not be opened by the cow. Simple, positive in action, strong. (See page 236.1 FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, then followed with a chemical bath, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.1 HEIGHT OF PEN: 5 feet from floor. WEIGHT: 25 lbs. per linear foot. SHIPPED ASSEMBLED IN PANELS James Cow Pen Tilting Manger Made of heavy galvanized sheet steel, built on a framework of galvanized angle iron U x U x J in, and If x | x | in. securely riveted. Upper edge of manger, inside of pen, reinforced with heavy wood bar, which prevents the cow injuring herself on the edge of manger. Hinges are of best malleable, the automatic lock is of best malleable. Stanchion for James Cow Pen (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Stanchion bars of I g in. 0, D. pipe, with wood linings bolted on. Fittings are of best malleable. Neck space is adjustable from seven to fifteen inches. Stanchion lock is of safety type. Cannot be opened by cow. Locks when stanchion is closed; of best malleable. Exact sizes of pipe used. <^5i^ JAlXIGS XyOA^ 245 James Calf Pens You have often noticed that the best producers in your herd are the most sensitive and are high strung animals. The calves from which these cows developed were more delicate and sensitive than the scrub calves. If you stunt a calf, it can never develop into as profitable a cow as it should have done with good and thrifty natural growth. The first year of a cow's life will either make or ruin her as a high-grade producer. The old wooden calf pen is apt to be the dirtiest place in the barn. If the calf is to develop to the best advantage you must keep it in a clean, dry, comfortable place with plenty of light and fresh air. The James sanitary steel calf pens make it possible to give the little animals the start in life which they should have. At the same time the work of caring for the calves is lessened and the saving of labor alone pays big dividends on the investment. The calves can be fed easily and more quickly in a James pen. We build adjustable calf stanchions into the front panel; at feeding time the calves are run into the stanchions which are then closed. The James pen with its easily cleaned mangers or with the "Anti-sucking" guards enable you to feed each calf just the amount it should have; the fast eating and fast drinking calf cannot rob the others. The James stanchions and complete mangers or Anti-sucking Guards make it easy to break calves of sucking one another. The sucking habit seems to be caused by the milk taste in the mouth of the calf giving him the desire to suck until this taste is removed. By confining the calves m the stanchions while they are being fed milk, they may be given dry feed after they are through drinking, to take away the milk taste. Within ten or fifteen minutes the calves will have forgotten their desire to suck and in a few days will lose the habit entirely. Now here is the proposition. Every cow that you raise for the next ten or fifteen years, at least, will probably be started in the calf pen. In this time you may raise from 75 to 100 or 150 calves. The first cost of this pen is the only cost and, therefore, the money you put in it now, you can figure on dividing equally among the number of calves you will raise in that time. The cost per calf is very little. The calf, like any other baby, is very sensitive, requiring the proper care and surroundings, as well as suitable food, if it is to thrive and grow into a vigorous animal. ^^5/^ jAoaes i^AV 247 The calf IS the foundation of the future herd. Stunt the calf and it can never develop into the profitable cow which good care and thrifty growth would have produced. You take pains to build up your herd and breed quality into your calves. Is it not wise, therefore, to spend perhaps 50c or $1 on each calf providing it with the proper quarters, as insurance against its sickness, against its being stunted, and to make sure of better cows? In connection with the stanchions on the calf pen, we can furnish the com- plete manger with head guard, it being easy to thoroughly clean the cement trough by raising the mangers; or the "Anti-sucking" guards which prevent one calf from reaching over and tormenting the one next to it. The "Anti-sucking" guards may be easily swung to the side, back against the stanchion, when you wish to clean out the cement trough in front of the stanchion; or may be removed entirely; when in use to separate the calves it is held rigidly. There are no sharp fittings on the pen against which the calves can injure themselves. For the first few weeks of its life the calf's skull is soft and a sharp blow against it will greatly injure and sometimes kill the little animal. There are a great many cases where valuable high-bred calves have been killed in this way and in purchasing a pen this is a point to be looked for. All the stanchions are adjustable in neck space, accommodating the calves as they grow. The stanchions may be controlled by a single lever, opening or closing them all at the same time; or they may be opened or closed one at a time. James Calf Pen with "Anti-Sucking" Guards (PATENTED) Oconc>nio"\voc, Wi« "-r'as^s V. u It 3 o c u 3 cn *5 c H •rw J< CO. t) - u c en w 4) I <^5^ JAOQGS X^fl^ 251 James Sanitary Calf Pen (PATENTED) SPECIFICATIONS CORNER POSTS: 1^ in. 0. D. pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. GATE POSTS: \'g in. 0. D. double strength pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. INTERMEDIATE POSTS: If in. 0. D. pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Anchors. PANEL HORIZONTALS: If in. 0. D. pipe. Top and bottom horizontals bolted together with 3^ inch cut thread bolts, spaced not more than six spmdies apart. PANEL UPRIGHTS: l^V mch 0. D. pipe spaced approximately 5} inches on centers. ANCHORS: James Tubular Pen Anchors V. in. 0. D. pipe, 9 in. long. Made of 24-gauge steel. Pen Anchors are the only part of the pen required at the time the concrete work is done. (See page 234.) FITTINGS: Best annealed malleable. y^ in. cut thread bolts used with fittmgs for attaching panels to posts. ORNAMENTS: Best malleable; dust-proof type. GATE: Frame of l| in. 0. D. pipe with 1^^ in. 0. D. pipe uprights. All fittings of best malleable. Equipped with safety lock as on the bull pen. Hmges are offset so that gate swmgs back agamst pen; of best malleable, half the hinge clamped not only to the gate post but also to the upright next to it; the other half of hinge clamped not only to the gate frame but also to the upright next to it. GATE LOCK: Best malleable. Double latch, connected by f in. square steel rod. Gate locks when slammed shut; can be opened only by hand, it being necessary to raise the lever and turn. Can not be opened by the animal. Simple, positive in action, strong. (See page 236.) FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, then followed with a chemical bath, thoroughly preparmg the material for painting; It is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) HEIGHT: With 6-in. curb, pen is 3 feet 10 inches from the floor. WEIGHT: 22 lbs. per linear foot. SHIPPED ASSEMBLED IN PANELS James Calf Stanchions (PATENTED) James Calf Pen Panels will be fitted with James Calf Stanchions at a slight additional cost. James Calf Stanchions are adjustable m neck space; may be opened and closed one at a time or all together. Made of \y6 in. 0. D. pipe; fittings of best malleable; all stanchions connected with bar steel lever. We recommend allowing 24 inches on centers for each calf: and not less than 20 inches. Calf Pen Mangers (PATENTED) Constructed the same as the James Complete Mangers for cow stalls, described on page 243. excepting that James Calf Pen Mangers are made with flat bottom, and without manger lifting springs. (See page 246 for illustra- tion.) Calf Pen Mangers project 28 inches from the panel and are 20^ inches deep. "Anti-Sucking" Guards (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Made of I4-gauge galvanized steel, I0| in. x 36 in. Fittings of best malleable, so constructed as to reinforce the guard. Guards held rigidly in place by the fittings, but easily lifted and swung back against panel. Exact sizes of pipe used 252 <<37£e JAPQGS I;JA.Y Tiun: -vV/\l_L tJSElD ir\^Tc:/\D or corvcDciTCi PATENT APPLIED FOR i The James Sanitary Hog Pen HE early hog is, of course, the profitable hog. If it is pos- sible to send a bunch of pigs to the market a month earlier than you would ordinarily send them, that bunch of pigs is provmg a big money maker; but the early pig is not saved without warm, dry and sanitary quarters. It is necessary to properly house pigs for winter farrowing if you expect to prepare them for early pasturage and early market. To provide such quarters, the James Manufacturing Co. presents a new type of hog barn construction. The new construction has met with the approval of every hog raiser who has inspected it. This new James Gambrel roof barn is superior to any other type of hog barn construction, in that it permits a greater amount of sunlight. By facing the barn Northwest and Southeast, it is possible to have sunlight on the floor throughout the day. The saw-tooth hog barn which has been advocated in the past, and with which you are familiar, will admit the sun only five or six hours of the day. Hog men who have used the saw-tooth barn, in a good many cases condemn it because it is too cold, owing to the great height between the floor and the apex. This height, if the saw-tooth barn is properly proportioned, is 14 ft. ; the greatest height between the ceiling and floor in our new barn is 10 ft. ; thus the barn is warm and comfortable, which is even more important than sunlight in a farrowing building. The two windows in the first pitch can be tilted, if desired, allowing a flow of air to pass through the building. The windows are high enough so the draft will be above, and not directly onto the animals. The two upper sash should be stationary as it would be unnecessary to open them at any time. We furnish detailed drawings showing how the sash should be built. The cheapest and best material to use for the walls is hollow tile, although a monolithic cement wall with an air space will prove entirely satisfactory. The roof is, of course, of ordinary frame construction. It should be cov- ered with a composition roofing. This would prove more economical than shingle and it is easier to handle around the built-in windows. There are varied opinions as to the material best suited for the floor. Our experience has been that a cement floor with a cork brick or creosoted block nesting place is the more satisfactory. Some hog breeders have recently adopted a combination hollow tile and cement floor which is proving highly satisfactory. The floor is laid of hollow tile, in 2-in. covering of concrete, the air space in the tile keeping the floor warm and comfortable. The cost of the new type of hog barn is a little higher than the cost of the saw-tooth barn, but the additional cost is much more than offset by the greater benefits. "^^^ Ji^OaGS T^£^ 255 The James Sanitary Hog Pen The James Sanitary Steel Hog Pen helps prevent disease because of the cleanliness made possible through its use; it aids the little pigs in their develop- ment by affording light and ventilation; making them marketable at the earliest possible date; cuts down labor bills, both in feeding the pigs and in cleaning the barn; it is permanent, the first cost being the only cost. It is pleasing in appearance and a source of lifetime satisfaction to the purchaser. The biggest advantage in the James steel hog pen is that it permits of sanitary conditions in the barn. There is but one way in which the hog cholera germs, for example, can be done away with and that is by maintaining a clean hog house. James pens permit plenty of sunlight and fresh air to enter. The pens can be much more easily and effectively fumigated than wood and this is a big item to be taken into consideration especially among those hog raisers who disinfect their barns almost daily. James steel hog pens can be more easily and quickly cleaned than wood pens; they are always drier than the wooden pens because the sunlight has access to every square foot of floor space, and because the steel pen interferes least with proper circulation of air. It is a noticeable fact that in a steel equipped hog barn the hogs seem much more contented than ordinarily because of their ability to see about. It is also possible for the attendant to see into every pen from any part of the barn. James hog pens are constructed throughout of pipe, thoroughly cleaned and finished in enamel baked on, the same as other James equipment. The hog pens are shipped assembled in panels. To erect the pens it is necessary only to set the corner and gate posts in the tubular anchors (which will have previously been set in the concrete), bolt on the panels, and pour in cement around the gate and corner posts; when this cement is set the pen will be solid. The great amount of labor saved in the erection by using James assembled panels, is a big item. Figure the labor required to build a wooden pen and you will find that it goes a long ways towards paying for the steel pen. James steel pens are exceedingly durable, the first cost being the only cost, whereas wooden pens rot out in time necessitating the replacing of the entire outfit, and in the end costing more than the steel. Where the James steel pens are used the dividing panels can be swung up, out of the way, throwing two or three pens into one for feeding purposes. James hog pens are built any size required. The average farrowing pen should be 8 ft. 6 in. x 9 ft. 6 in. The size of the pens, of course, will vary with the personal preference of the purchaser, but the above size is looked upon as standard. 256 ^^5^ JAC^eiS T3JilV James Sanitary Hog Pens "^5^ JAOQGS T^&S: 257 The nesting place should be about 5 ft. 6 in. x 7 ft. in a standard pen. Either cork brick or plank should be used for the nest. Usually the nest is about 2 inches higher than the main floor. Some seem to think that the sow will not always take the nest, but this is the case only when the attendant has been careless in bedding. If the nest only is bedded, the sow will lie there. It IS advisable to slant the pen floor towards the wall using a shallow gutter next to the wall for drainage purposes. The Farrowing Rail Too much stress cannot be placed upon the importance of the farrowing rail. When the sow lies down, the farrowing rail will prevent her from crush- ing the little pigs against the wall; they will simply be shoved under this rail and be protected in the space between the rail and the panel, and then run around to the front side of the mother. The farrowing rail should be 8 in. above the floor and the same distance from the panel, and should extend around three sides of the pen. The James farrowing rail may be swung up out of the way after the little pigs are able to take care of themselves, and the farrowing rail is no longer needed. Lifting the farrowing rail transforms the pen into a feeding pen. The Swinging Panels The swinging front panel will appeal to every man who has ever taken an active part in hog feeding. It does away with any need of straddling the fence, kicking the old sow in the ribs, at the same time trying to keep a dozen or so little pigs away from the trough while attempting to pour in the liquids. An ingenious device makes it possible to swing the panel, by means of a lever at front of pen. See illustrations. Front panel is equipped with latch for holding trough up out of the way when not in use ; when in this position trough drains itself and will be kept free from dirt. Easily flushed clean with water. Panels between pens are so constructed that they may be brought up and locked out of the way thus turning two or more hog pens into one larger pen. Tilting Trough The trough is of a peculiar design, which prevents trouble from liquids in the trough freezing; on account of the sloping sides, the contents rise as it freezes. The shape of the trough also allows the pigs to get every bit of the contents ; at the same time the trough will drain very easily. When the trough is tilted it gives the hog that much more room in the pen, and makes it easier to clean the floor. Like all James goods, the hog trough is of unusually strong construction, and should last as long as the pen. This new swinging panel, together with the James farrowing rail and tilting feed trough, are the biggest improvements ever made on a hog pen. c a, ^ Qi Mo b. X Q ;>,« < z H < 0< ^(5^ jAoaeis T^£^ 259 James Sanitary Hog Pen (PATENT APPLIED FOR) SPECIFICATIONS I5 in. 0. D. pipe. Used with James Tubular Pen Used with James Used with James Tubular CORNER POSTS: Anchors. GATE POSTS: li in. 0. D. double strength pipe. Tubular Pen Anchors. INTERMEDIATE POSTS: If in. 0. D. pipe. Pen Anchors. PANEL HORIZONTALS: If in. 0. D. pipe. Top and bottom horizontals bolted together with yo- in. cut thread bolts, spaced not more than seven spindles apart. PANEL UPRIGHTS: l^t in. 0. D. pipe spaced 4 inches on centers. ANCHORS: James Tubular Pen Anchors 3| in. 0. D. pipe, 9 in. long. Made of 24-gauge steel. Pen anchors are the only part of the pen required at the time the concrete work is done. (See page 234 for illustration.) FITTINGS: Best annealed malleable. iV in. cut thread bolts used with fittings for attaching panels to posts. ORNAMENTS: Best malleable, dust proof type. GATE: Frame of If in. 0. D. pipe with \xt, in. 0. D. pipe uprights. All fittings of best malleable. Equipped with double latch and safety lock. Hinges are offset so that gate swings back against pen; of best malleable, half the hinge clamped not only to the gate post but also to the upright next to it: the other half of hinge clamped not only to the gate frame but also to the upright next to it. FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, then followed with a chemical bath, thoroughly preparing the material for painting: it is then finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) HEIGHT: With 4 in. curb, pen is 3 feet 8 inches from the floor. WEIGHT: 25 lbs. per linear foot. SHIPPED ASSEMBLED IN PANELS Swinging Panels (PATENT APPLIED FOR) FRONT PANEL: Horizontals of 1 1 in. 0. D. pipe, uprights 1-L in. 0. D. pipe. Hinge and all fittings malleable with cut thread bolts. Swinging mechanism best malleable and bar steel. DIVIDING PANEL: Panels dividing pens are so constructed that when desired, they may be swung up and locked out of the way, thus turning two or more pens into one larger pen. Farrowing Rail (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Made of 1| in. 0. D. pipe; hinge and rail brace of best malleable. Tilting Feed Trough (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Trough is of 18-gauge galvanized sheet steel; ends are locked seamed with reinforcing plates on corners; angle iron dividers across the trough at intervals of 12 inches, riveted to the galvanized sheets. Furnished with device for holding trough down; and with a device for holding trough when raised. Exact sizes of pipe used The James Ventilators* zc:;^^ AIRYMEN, generally, realize the full importance of pure ^ ^V\ SI'" to the herd, because they know the condition in which an ' iV ^^5^ JAOQGS T^9£^ LOW VELOCITY Fig. 5 Wooden Cupola Fig. 7 Metal Cupola — Cap is too low; outflow of air is choked down. ^•^ Fig. 6 Metal Cupola — Cap is too high; wind and rain blow in. Fig. 8 Metal Cupola with Storm Band. Fig. 9 James Solid Hood Ventilator. Fig. 10 James Revolving Hood Ventilator 7£1Y 277 Fig. 1 James Solid Hood Ventilator izoigr - Fig. 2 James Revol\-ing Hood Ventilator specifically ordered, additional. James Ventilators with Solid Hood These ventilators differ in principle from the James Ventilator with revohing hood only insofar as the inverted cone is substi- tuted for the revolving top. The ventilators without the revolving hood are, of course, somewhat less efficient be- cause the larger outlet space of the revolving head and the added motive power of suction obtained through the intensifier is not used. Nevertheless they are very efficient ventilators — more so than any other ventilator now on the market for dairy barns. They are built on strictly scientific principles, made of the same high quality materials and of the same class of workmanship as the James Ventilators with revolving hood. The inverted cone "A", Fig. I , turns the air rising from the outtake flues outward and upward. There is no opportunity for the outflow- ing current of air to turn back upon itself, cause eddies, choke the flue, or interfere in any way with the free escape of foul air. The storm band and the skirts keep out snow and rain and make the ventila- tor proof against the wind. All openings are protected by galvan- ized bird-proof netting. The 24-inch and 30-inch ventilators with base as shown in Fig. 4, page 278, are furnished with weather vane. The ventilators with bases shown in Figs. 1 , 2 and 3, page 278, will be furnished with weather vane if desired at an e.xtra cost. Any of the six figures shown on page 274 may be selected. The cow figure will be furnished unless another style is Any name or date will be stenciled on a ventilator base for $1.00 Size of James Ventilator to Buy WITHOUT REVOLVING HOOD WITH REVOLVING HOOD Size Cows Horses Hogs Cows Horses Hog 12" 4 3 10 18" 9 7 24 24" 15 12 42 17 13 48 30" 23 18 64 26 20 72 1 to 36 to 51 to 76 to Length of Building (Building not over 36 ft. wide) 35 feet One 24 mch 101 to 125 feet Three 24 inch 50 feet One 30 mch or two 24 inch 126 to 150 feet Three 30 inch or four 24 inch 75 feet Two 24 inch 151 to 175 feet Four 24 inch 100 feet Two 30 inch or three 24 inch 176 to 200 feet Four 30 mch Fig. 2 Sizes 12, 1 and 24 inch Fig. 1 Sizes 12 and 18 inch Fig. 4 Sizes 24 and 30 inch ^(57£e JAOaGS Wa.Y 279 James Ventilators with Solid Hoods SPECIFICATIONS Scf Page 2 78) Applying to Figures i, 2, 3 and 4 1 . Heavy galvanized finial. 2. Heavy galvanized cone. 3. Inverted inner cone. Turns an- currents out and up. See Fig. I, page 277. 4. Heavy steel wiring amply strengthening storm band, on sizes above I8-in. diameter. On sizes 1 8-in. or less, edge of storm band is folded and compressed. 5. Heavy galvanized storm band. This band with skirts inside to keep out rain and snow. 6. Heavy beading stiffening and strengthening storm band. 7. Skirt greatly assists in aiding the draft. 8. Heavy galvanized upper round body. 9. Special bolts and nuts for fastening upper round body to lower round body. (Round body can be lengthened by inserting the desired length of tube at this joint.) 1 0. Heavy galvanized lower round body. 1 1 . Special alloy non-corrosive rivets used throughout the entire structure. 1 2. Standing seams used to strengthen body. Applying to Figures i, 2 and 3 only 1 3. Galvanized flashing, so constructed as to leave the least work for the workman when placing the ventilator on the roof. 23. Heavy galvanized combination lower body and base used in mounting ventilator on flat roofs or on ridge of pitched roofs. 24. Heavy galvanized combination lower body and base used in mounting ventilator on side of roof. 25. Heavy galvanized lower body and base used in mounting ventilators on round barns and silos. Applying to Figure 4 only 1 4. Heavy galvanized steel cornice, made by us from our own designs. 15. Corners made from extra galvanized steel. Folded and locked into side and top sheets to form a solid and tight structure. I 6. Galvanized steel flashing so constructed as to leave the least work for the workman in placing the ventilator on the roof. 1 8. Double cone steel top, solidly fastened on. 19. Galvanized pipe ^^-jG"'"- outside diameter. This pipe passes into cone 2, to which it is securely soldered, and is also threaded into a malleable casting mounted inside of cone. 20. Full bodied, double strength stamped zinc. 21. Malleable arrow. 22. Glass ball, five inches in diameter. Extra heavy. Four long bolts complete with nuts and washers are furnished to bolt \entilator to roof. "Xv. James Drain M'i. msmwwM .Li-ij.m '-fjt M'-' mm attggmffi^nffl r> 0- Adjuster for Outtake, Length 18 inches nch James column has a cross section of 15.9 inches as compared with 48 square inches cross section of the oak or yellow pine post and 64 square inches of the white pine post. From this it will be seen that the James column of equal strength takes less than I3 the space occupied by the wood column. At the same time, the James column has less than half the surface of a wooden column of equal strength, which is an item worth consideration when it comes to painting or cleaning. It is no longer necessary to use wood columns at the rear of horse stall partitions. James columns fitted with iron channels may be used to hold the partitions. The use of the James columns with the horse stall makes it possible to give the stable a uniform appearance. Wood columns set on cement floor ofttimes rot out in three or four years. The frequent replacement of wood columns under these conditions makes the James columns cost far less in the long run. James columns are less expensive than the trussing required if columns are not used — at the same time the haymow is clear of obstruction. They cost less than cast iron, are stronger, and less liable to break in handling. When arranging your floor plan, it is important that the supporting columns be cor- rectly spaced. Otherwise, the location of the columns, whether of wood or of steel, may interfere seriously when you come to put in stalls and pens. If you will write us, we will tell you how best to locate the supporting columns in your barn. State inside dimensions of the stable and number of animals to be provided for. James Composition Columns are made up of new cold-drawn, seamless, high-pres- sure boiler tube, straight and clean as a new gun barrel. They are filled with a secret 284 <<5Ee JAOaGS Xj09£^ formula, the main ingredients of which are red granite, torpedo washed sand and Portland cement. Beware of columns not properly filled. Concrete shrinks in hardening and tends to leave a slight space next to the steel shell, weakening the strength of the column. The James process of filling the columns offsets this shrinking tendency, as well as avoiding air pockets and sponginess which would give rust a chance to attack the column from the inside. f-f-; Prices on James Columns should not be compared \vith columns made from inferior materials; or from second-hand boiler tubes, because of the danger of such tubes having rusted thin in spots. Furnished regularly in the sizes gi\en in the follo^\'lng table: Comparison of space occupied by 6 x 6 white pine post and a James column of same weight carrying capacity. Table of James Columns, their Capacities and Equivalents in Wood Columns Outside Diameter 6 Ft. Length Tons Saf t carrying capacity 7 Ft. 8 Ft. Length Length Tons Tons in tons of James Steel Columns 81. Ft. 9 Ft. Length Length EQUIVALENT TO Tons Tons White Pine Yellow Pine Oak 31o-in. 41 o-in. 5 "-in. 9 14 20M 8J2 133-2 20 8J4 13 19^2 8 12:^4 191.4 71 2 6x 6 in. 5x5 in. 5x5 in. I2I0 8x 8 in. 6x8 in. 6x8 in. 19 8x10 in. 8x8 in. 8x8 in. The James Milk Stool Here's the milk stool that every farmer wants. It is just the right size and weight, neat and handy, with a comfortable wood seat for \\'armth in cold winter weather. The wide-spread, well-braced legs give firm footing. It is sanitary, and easily kept clean. Built to last for many years. It's a handy little seat to have around for other purposes, too — as an extra seat in buggy, ^vagon or automobile, and for use about the house and barn at tasks that permit sitting down. If the stool is not perfectly satisfactory, you may return it. and your money \\nll be refunded. ^^^ JAOQGS T^AV 285 SPECIFICATIONS LEGS: Of '/4 X 1 in. bar steel, tied together by a circle of the same material, well riveted. SEAT: Of seasoned birch, attached to a gal- vanized sheet by screws. Seat attached to the legs by bolts passing through legs, galvanized sheet and the wood; bolt heads countersunk in the wood seat. Wood stained mahogany and covered with oil glaze. Legs and circle painted. SIZE: 12 inches high. Diameter of seat 9 inches; thickness 1 inch. Weight approxi- mately 5 pounds. May be shipped by parcel post, express or freight, as preferred. James Hog Trough (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Clean water and sanitary feed are necessary for the good health of hogs. The James Hog Trough is easy to clean and easy to keep clean. It is so designed that the hogs may get all the liquid. If any liquid should be left in the trough in cold weather, no damage will be done to the trough because of its V-shaped bottom and flaring sides, for the expansion of the form- ing ice will be upward and not against the sides. The trough is built of 1 8-gauge gal- vanized sheet steel, ends are lock seamed, with reinforcing plates on the corners; angle iron dividers across the trough at intervals of 12 in., riveted to the galvanized sheets. These angle iron dividers are so strong that a man can stand on them without bending them; they not only give the trough great rigidity and strength so that it cannot wrack, but they also separate the hogs, keeping any one hog from monopolizing the entire trough. Hogs can't tip the trough. The legs of the trough are of angle steel, fastened to the trough with heavy rivets. Vertical legs on one side in order that the trough may be backed up against a wall. The James Trough is the most economical trough to buy, as it costs but little more than a wooden trough and will outlast many built of wood. 286 ^^^ JAPOGS T3JAV James Alley Gate This gate is very convenient and useful to prevent cows getting into the feeding alley, when they are entering the barn or being turned out. The gate locks when slammed shut, but may be opened quickly and easily. When not needed, gate may be swung out of the way. Built of 1 yi,-\Vi. O. D. pipe, with I yV''"- O- D- uprights. Fittings of best mal- leable. Gravity latch. Malleable offset hinges. Finished in battleship gray. Gates furnished any size desired, up to 4 feet 6 inches wide. For wider alley, alley chains should be used. When ordering alley gates, kindly give the exact distance of space to be filled. Measure from center to center of stall end uprights if there are stalls on both sides of alley ; measure from stall end upright to wall if alley is at end of barn next to a wall. If possible, send a small sketch showing location of gate and giving dimensions. Also state if gate is to be hinged on 1 H'in. O. D. or 1 ^-in. O. D. pipe, and if extra parts are to be furnished with gate. James Alley Gate James Alley Chains When ordering specify to what chains are to be attached, length desired, and number of chains required. ^<57^ JAOOGS bJAV 287 t"t^ The Lock Hook Cro8S Section of Lock Hook Cross Section of Handle James "Safety First" Bull Staff (PATENT APPLIED FOR) The main purpose of a bull staff is to protect the life and safety of the man handling the bull. A good staff is insurance against terrible accidents and even death. The staff must be built to stand up under tremendous strain when the real test comes. The James "Safety First" staff is designed not only to protect the man handling the bull, but that, like a curb bit on a horse, the animal may be more easily controlled. The lock hook has roughened edges; a pressure of the staff against the bull's nose or a slight turning of the staff gives perfect control of the animal whether walking in front of him or at the side. The pinch of the rough edge promptly brings him to time. Also furnished without roughened edge on lock hook. The hook is automatically kept locked by a strong spring inside the handle of the staff. The hook can be unlocked only by pulling on the ring in the handle of the staff; release the ring and the lock snaps shut. A pull on the ring unlocks the hook, so that it can be easily inserted in the ring in the bull's nose, reaching in through the stanchion or through the gate paneling if that be necessary. There is no chance of the bull unlocking the hook. The staff is 5 feet in length, weighs 6'/4 pounds. Made of I y% in. O. D. steel tubing, thickness of pipe wall about j/js in., with malleable lock hook and malleable handle, riveted on with ^^ x V^ in. rivets. There is no wood used in this staff. The staff, the lock hook and handle are sherardized. 288 <^5^ JAOQGS ItJAY James Barn Scrapers At last, you can obtain a floor scraper that will actually clean the floors. The home-made scrapers and those which have been placed on the market heretofore chatter, jump and slide over the manure. They don't hug the floor. The design and shape of the James Scraper is such that it gets right down under the manure and clings to the floor. No matter whether you push down hard or shove it gently, it sticks to the floor. The harder you push, the deeper it digs. It is correct in principle. P^"T "Bl^" 1^"*"^^ '"ISU For cleaning the walks and floors back of the cows and concrete barn yard, the James Scraper ^^^m* »■ - is unexcelled. Its great width of straight edge ^ ^^^H| ':'i|L,-l^' makes quick work of this job. It does work that ,'^, ^^^^A iilt' %'. cannot be done satisfactorily with a shovel, taking off all the dirt and leaving the cement floor clean so that cows are not liable to slip as they come in or leave the barn. The 15-inch width scraper is designed for use in the gutters, which usually are built 1 6 inches wide. The James scraper is also unexcelled for re- moving packed snow or ice from cement walks, and for the cleaning of city pavements. <^3^ JAOQGS t:x7AY 289 from binding. Castings of best malleable, heavy design ; large bolts used to fasten the handle to the form. Handles are of second- growth ash thoroughly seasoned, tough, strong and smooth. Manger cleaners are made in two styles regularly, one to fit the trough of the James complete manger, the other to fit the trough where James manger divisions are used; specify which is wanted when ordering. Manger cleaners will be made to fit any form at a slight additionsj cost. The floor scraper blades are made of high carbon shovel steel and will wear a long time; castings of best malleable riveted to blades by powerful pressure and bolted to handle; handles of second-growth ash thor- oughly seasoned, tough, strong and smooth. All metal parts given a coat of black paint. Made in 24-in. and 15-in. widths. James Manger Cleaner The manger cleaner is so shaped as to fit the manger trough, and the trough can be cleaned of refuse about as fast as a man can walk. The handle is set at an angle so that it is not necessary to reach under the mangers. The form is made of thoroughly sea- soned birch, equipped with a steel roller on the end that works against the curb, which makes it easy to operate, and prevents cleaner 290 ^<5Ee Ji^PQGS '^9^ James Harness Hooks How often one goes into a barn where the harness is hung over the ordinary hook and finds that the collars and back pads are broken ! The James harness hook with sad- dle keeps the collars and back pads in proper shape and adds to the life of the harness. The harness hooks are furnished with or without saddles ; for barn walls or wood columns; and with fittmgs for steel columns of any diameter. Harness hooks are car- ried in stock for columns 3[/2 in., 4 in., 4'/2 in., and 5 in. in diam- eter; other sizes made to order. Made of best malleable. Size: I I % m. long. Fittings for Milking Machine Any of the milking machines can be readily attached to James stalls. The James fittings for this purpose make a sanitary and good looking job and do not interfere with the operation of either stalls or milkers. We are prepared to furnish any special fittings required for the pur- pose. Write for further informa- tion, stating name of milking machine. JamesName Plate Any dairyman who takes pride in his individual cows, their pedigrees or their records, will find the James Name Plate the most convenient of places on which to display such data; it is also very useful for memoranda relating to the particular cow to whose stall the name plate is attached, such as instructions for feeding. ^<57^ JAfXlGS TjJAV 291 The James Name Plate adds the finishing touch to the stall or pen, just as the speedometer does to the automobile, and is a con- venience for the attendants. The plate which we furnish with the frame is black, entirely blank and may be written upon with a slate pencil, the same as you would write upon a slate. The writing may be erased and re-written. At slight additional cost, we will furnish this name plate printed as shown in illustration "B. If preferred, we will furnish a name plate of blank cardboard with two pieces of transparent celluloid instead of the black plate. Easily and quickly attached to either the steel or the wood stalls, or to the cow pens or bull pens. When ordered for pens, size of pipe to which the name plate frame is to be attached must be given, in order that proper clips may be sent. Finished in battleship gray enamel, baked on. State whether to be used on stalls or pens and to what it is to be attached — wood or steel. If steel, give size and state whether round or square. Illustration "B" James Paint Barn equipment should be given some care, the same as other machinery, if it is to be kept in perfect working order and give the maximum length of service. It is a good thing to give the equipment a coat of paint once every year or two, as this will prolong the life of the equipment and keep it looking new; the cost is very little. The paint we offer for this purpose is the same quality as that used when the enamel is baked on at the factory, excepting that a metallic dryer (not japan) is added to the paint so that it will air dry. This paint is the best gray protective enamel made especially for us under our own formula, based upon a thorough investigation, numerous tests and research work for the best enamel to be used on dairy barn equipment. 292 <<57£e JAOQGS T^AV Dairy Scales The large circular dial has distinct black figures and graduations marked off by tenths of pounds. By the use of the patented adjustable hand, it is easy to obtain the exact net weight of contents of pail ; first get the exact weight of the empty pail, then loosen the screw of the hands and turn the hand back to zero. The result then obtained is the exact weight of the contents of the pail. Very attractive and durable and of the latest type. Made to comply with the Department of Weights and Measures. Two sizes — 40 and 60 pounds, by tenths. Guaranteed accurate. Cork Brick Flooring A good floor for cow stalls, calf and bull pens, horse stalls, sheep pens, and piggeries is something that the dairymen and stock raisers of the country have been trying to find for years. Wood planking is fairly warm and easy on the feet, but it is not sanitary. It soon gets foul and rots out. Smooth concrete is easy to keep clean, but it certainly is injurious to animals that have to stand or lie on its cold, hard, slippery surface. Chemically treated wood blocks are liable to get slippery, and frequently expand when exposed to moisture. To get something that will combine the good and eliminate the bad qualities of these materials, has been in past years a problem. Cork brick, however, have solved the stall floor problem. They were placed on the market six years ago after numerous tests in actual service had demonstrated merit. TTiat they have satisfactorily fulfilled the claims made for them, is proved by the fact that there are now over 7,000,000 brick installed in approximately 5,000 dairy barns in all parts of the country. The cork brick make a floor that is thoroughly sanitary, warm to the touch, easy under foot, non-slippery — wet or dry, durable in service, easy to install, and moderate in cost. Cork brick consist of finely granulated cork and refined asphalt, heated and thoroughly mixed, then moulded under pressure into brick form. The brick measure 9x4x2 inches for cow stalls, and 9 x 4 x 1 % inches for horse stalls. They are laid flat, and four will cover exactly one square foot of surface. Cork brick meet every requirement for an ideal stall floor; if you are interested, drop us a postal card asking for 32-page booklet, "Better Stall Floors." I 297 James Sanitary Horse Box Stall SPECIFICATIONS CORNER AND INTERMEDIATE POSTS: ISg-m. O. D. pipe extending into floor. GATE POSTS: 1^8-in- O. D. double strength pipe reinforced at the top of partition wall by a 1 5 g-m. O. D. pipe embedded in cement. PANEL HORIZONTALS: i '->, 8-in. O. D. pipe. Top and bottom horizontals bolted together with '' ^^•-m. cut thread bolts, spaced not more than 4 spindles between bolts. PANEL UPRIGHTS: P],;-m. O, D. pipe spaced approximately 5 '4 inches on centers. FITTINGS: Best annealed malleable /n;-in. cut thread bolts used with fittings. ORNAMENTS: Best malleable; dust-proof type. GATE: Frame and center horizontals of 1 ^/g-in. O. D. pipe with 1 ' t(;-in. O. D. pipe upright spaced approximately lYi inches on lower half of gate. All fittings of best malleable. Equipped with safety lock and supported by 3 offset hinges of the best malleable. GATE LOCK: Double latch, connected by %-in. square steel rod. Gate locks when slammed shut, can be opened only by hand, it being necessary to raise the lever and turn. FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned, removing scale, grease and foreign matter, then followed with chemical bath, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best grey protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. (See page 125.) HEIGHT: With 6-in. curb under gate stall is 6 feet 5 inches from the floor. Shipped assembled in panels. Complete Panel Fronts and Guards for Horse Stall SPECIFICATIONS POSTS: 1 5 8-in. O. D. pipe extending below floor line. PANEL HORIZONTALS; l''8-in. O. D. pipe. Top and bottom horizontals of both upper and lower panels are bolted together separately with "ir.-in. cut thread bolts. PANEL UPRIGHTS: lini-in. O. D. pipe spaced approximately 5 inches on centers. FITTINGS; Best malleable 'ir.-in. cut thread bolts used with fittings for attaching panels to posts. FINISH: The steel is first mechanically cleaned removing scale, grease and foreign matter, then followed with a chemical bath, thoroughly preparing the material for painting; it is then finished with the best grey protective enamel, baked for two hours at a high temperature. HEIGHT: 6 feet 9 inches from the floor. Shipped assembled in panels. Feed Manger Manger is of 1 8-gauge galvanized sheet steel; ends are locked seamed with reinforcing plates on corners. Furnished with an iron clean-out and tie ring. 298 Z Hay Rack Made of heavy galvanized sheet steel, well riveted on a framework of 1 in. X 1 -in. angle iron. Hinged at the bottom and furnished with chain to hold rack in any position. Horse Stall Panel Guard SPECIFICATIONS Horizontals of 1 54-in. O. D. pipe. Panel uprights 1 %6-'n- *-*• D. pipe, spaced approximately 5 inches and securely held in place with "/i,:;-in. cut-thread bolts. Fittings are best malleable. Height over top of cement partition wall 3 ft. 4 in. Finished with the best gray protective enamel, baked on. James Wood Horse Stall James Horse Stall Post James Corner Feed Box No. 2 14 Cast iron, 9 inches deep by I 7 inches by 1 7 inches. Flange on inside edge, to prevent waste of feed. rae CQGN BSHIND If. Ml W.E.-JAOQCS Secretartjand General COanager Wits ^l^itttvttftfrti^ not onli^ the quality of material laaiF l^Uaranirr ana workmanship, but com- plete satisfaction with the service of the equipment in actual use if our simple instructions are followed. We make this strong guarantee for mutual protection. If there should be a fault in ang of our goods, causing dissatisfaction on the part of the buger, we could not afford to have him keep the equipment. His dissatisfaction would become our loss. We are, therefore, anxious to return the purchase price to anp buyer of our goods who is not fully satisfied if we are at fault in any way. Remember that this guarantee not only covers the quality of material and workmanship; but the demon- stration in your own barn must prove our claims of superiority or we want the goods, and you get your money back if you have paid for them. OUR TERMS: Net Cash. No Discounts. This guarantee applies to every equipment, no matter whether purchased from us direct or through our repre- sentative. We make it good direct to you in either case JAMES MANUFACTURING CO. I f / President Vice-President Vice- Pre: ^ i Secretary &. Gem General Manager Introducing the Men Behind the James Way HIS catalog tells the story of the profit-making James Way of carmg for dairy cattle m the barn — points out how sani- tary conditions may be maintained — how feed may be saved — how losses through wasteful methods of doing the barn- work may be stopped. Some of the statements may seem to the uninformed almost too good to be true; and that you may know something of the men who make these statements and who stand back of the James "Golden Rule" guarantee we ask you to read the brief history of these men which follows, and of the concern whose affairs they direct. Read, too, the statements of Fort Atkinson banks, the letters from satisfied customers in various sections of the book, and glance over the partial list of well-known men who have honored us with their business. Then study the pictures which appear on pages 6, 8 and 9 showing the remarkable growth of the business. Having done this, you will not doubt us when we say that we are in this business with a sincere desire to aid in the upbuilding of the dairy industry of the country and to help the average dairy farmer improve conditions in his barn and secure greater money rewards for his labor. The Men The President of the company is Charles Perry Goodrich, well known to dairymen throughout the United States as having devoted a long life to the dairy business and to the improvement of dairy conditions. His work as an instructor and lecturer in farmers' institutes in many states, and as a writer on dairy subjects, has made his name familiar to those inter- ested in dairying. He is one of the few men in America who has received a testimonial from the University of Wisconsin on account of "Services ren- dered to agriculture and related branches." As indicated in the testimonial, Mr. Goodrich's services were along dairy lines; and as the president of the James Mfg. Co., he is still in the work of bettering conditions in that great industry. Mr. Goodrich is also Vice-President of the Northwestern Mfg. Co., known everywhere for their high standing in the manufacture of superior buggies and carriages. Mr. H. H. Curtis, our Vice-President, is engaged in large business enter- prises and is also in the dairy business in a practical way, operating a dairy farm near Ft. Atkinson and dealing in registered and graded dairy cattle. CIT1ZEN5 STATt Bank Fort Atkinson Savings Bank CAPITAL f40.000.00 FORT ATKINSON. WIS, March let, 1914. To the Public :- The James Manufacturing Company is one of the most entsrprifling concerna in our city, and we understand is the largest exclusive barn equipment manufacturer in the world. It was or- ganised a little over seven years ago. This Company has had a very remark- able growth, a considerable addition to its plant having been required almost every year. It is noT? doing business throughout the United States and in many foreign countriea, and from, all sources we hear only words of cooinendatton for the Company, 9.nd its methods of business. The management is well and favorably regarded in our city, and is composed of men of sterling worth, honor and integrity. Respectfully, Fort Atkinson Savings Bank. oj ^^ ^W^ Cashier. This bank has fifty farmers as part owners. ^<57^ JAPOeS OJAV 305 He is well known at home and abroad as a successful business man in the best sense of the term. Mr. W. D. James, our Secretary and General Manager, scarcely needs an introduction to any dairyman who is at all familiar with current improve- ments m dauy barn building and equipment. His name is associated inseparably with progress in dairy barn architec- ture and in methods of handling dairy barn work. He is regarded by leading dairymen throughout the country as an authority on dairy barn construction. The barn adopted some years ago by the Wisconsin State Board of Agriculture as the model dairy barn at the Wisconsin State Fair Grounds, is familiar to all who have attended that fair and to many others who are readers of the dairy and agricultural press. Mr. James' plans were chosen as the best from those submitted in open competition by architects and other experts. In the years that have passed since this first public recognition of the worth of his idea in barn designing, Mr. James has designed hundreds of the largest and most practical dairy barns of the country; thousands of other barns, both large and small, have been built from plans drawn under his direction; and other thousands of barns have been remodeled in accordance with his suggestions and plans. Prominent dairymen from coast to coast seek his services. It is the good fortune of the patrons of this concern that Mr. James is associated with us, for every buyer of our barn equipment is given the benefit of his special knowl- edge and long experience in barn designing. Mr. James was born and raised on a dairy farm; and as a boy and man became thoroughly familiar with the business of dairying. His genius as an inventor has solved and is solving many of the problems and difficulties of the business, making the life of the average dairyman easier and dairy profits bigger. The Company Although the company is comparatively young, having been organized under the laws of Wisconsin in 1906, its growth has been very rapid, until now it has an authorized capital stock of $500,000.00. The real beginning, however, was back on the James farm near Wales, Wis., where the first James stalls were made in the old blacksmith shop on the farm. Later, more stalls were made in the village near by. ^^ One day it happened that Mr. C. P. Goodrich saw the "new-fangled" stall in use on a farm where he was visiting, and so impressed was he with its sanitary features and labor saving devices that he drove over to see the inventor. As a result of the acquaintance thus begun, a company was organized to handle the proposition on a large scale and the business moved to Ft. Atkinson. '^'E/lfto The First National Bank Orginizco leea NSON, WIS., iJarch l3t, 1914. Zhoia It liay Cone era: - '"e take pleaaurs -in saying; that the Jaraeg Manufacturing Cocipany la and has teen a value! cuetoraer of ourg since its organization seven years a^c. We are personally acquainted with the directors of the Company, aa well as the gentle- man In charge of the active management of the husinaes, and we know them t-o- be men xho take pride In carryln?; out their promlgea and agree- ments to the letter. The Secretary and General Manager, IIt . W. D. JajneSj wae born and brought up on a dairy farm and has throughout hia life been engaged In the dairy business or in business closely related to dairy farming. The men managing the business seem to have an unusual understanding of the essentials in the care of dairy cattle; and have a wide reputa- tion aa experts In designing sanitary dairy barns. It. is a recognized fact by those who are in position to know that the James lianufacturing Company has done a great work towards bettering the conditions of dairying in general throughout the United States. We very gladly recotoraend this Company aa reliable and worthy of confidence In every way. Respectfully youra. First National Bank of Fort/Atklnaon. <^3^ JArXIGS T^AY 307 At this stage of the history of the business, one man constituted the entire factory force, one girl handled the office work, and the manager, Mr. James, worked part time in the shop, part time in the office and part time out on the road selling the product of the little factory. Progressive dairymen quickly realized the value A equipment that would help keep their barns clean and that would lessen barnwork; and within a couple of years a very satisfactory little business was established. From that time on, however, the business grew so fast that it was difficult to keep pace with it in shop and office. Scarcely a year has gone by that addi- tions to the factory building have not been made to take care of the increased output. From year to year, huge machines were added to the plant to take the place of hand work, to make more perfect the workmanship and to lessen the floor space needed; nevertheless each year more men and a bigger factory were required. From the very first "Service" has been the keynote of the business. Not only has Mr. James given much time and thought to working out new inventions that would lessen labor and improve sanitary conditions in dairy barns ; but under his direction, other men with inventive genius and experience in the dairy business, have been developing and testing out ideas that promise a betterment in barn methods. In connection with this work, an experimental department was established some years ago. Before new equipment is offered to the public, it is put through many tests to determine its practical worth and strength; the final test being actual use in severe service in the James Experimental Barn, a pic- ture of which appears on pages 264 and 265. When any James equipment or device is offered, you may be sure that it has been proven satisfactory in actual use and that it will fulfill perfectly all requirements. James Equipment is not built on theory. A Barn Planning Department was early established for the benefit of customers and prospective buyers of James Equipment, with a staff of com- petent architects and draftsmen. This makes it possible for us to give every- one the benefit of Mr. James' experience and special knowledge of what is best and most practical in barn building. If you intend to build a barn, or remodel one, you are cordially invited to come to Fort Atkinson, visit the Experimental Barn and other barns in this vicinity then talk over your plans with our Barn Planning staff. Perhaps they can help you just as they have helped thousands of other dairymen. In any event, you will be under no obligation to buy of us — we shall be glad to give you the benefit of our advice and counsel on barn planning whether you buy James Equipment or not. 308 "^5^ JAOaSS '^£^ Partial List of Users of James Equipment ALABAMA— Birmingham Mobile Mobile Mobile Seale Summerdale Tuscaloosa ARKANSAS— Brinkley Elkins Fayetteville Scott Stuttgart CALIFORNIA— Escalon Glen EUen Hopland Napa Sacramento Santee Santa Anita San Francisco Stockton CONNECTICUT- Bloomfield Cheshire Danbury East Haven Groton Hartford Hartford Litchfield Long Hill Meriden Middletown New Haven New London New Milford Storrs Windsor DELAWARE— Georgetown Wilmington FLORIDA— Lake City Lemon City Muscogee GEORGIA— Columbus Savannah ILLINOIS— Algonquin Bartlett Robt. Jemison, Jr. Clove Creamery Episcopal Church Home Wm. P. Tunstall C. R. Dudley B. J. Sullivan Alabama Insane Hospital H. L. D. Whitson D. T. Boone H. C. Porter & Sons T. W. Steele Young's Poultry and Dairy Farms. O. M. Young, Prop. A. B. Humphrey Jack London A. W. Foster California State Hospital A. Meister Edgemoor Farm Anita Baldwin James Rolph, Jr., Mayor of San Francisco California State Hospital T. C. Perkins, Broker Cheshire Reformatory Philip Seelig John Howe Branford Farms, Morton F. Plant F. E. Duffy Watkinson Farm School Echo Farm J. Arthur Sherwood J. Hobart Yale Daniels Brothers Ex-Gov. R. S. Woodruff H. R. Douglas, Contractor A. G. Barnes Connecticut Agricultural Col- lege Loomis Institute Andrew Marvel Coleman DuPont North Florida Dairy Co. Dr. J. G. Du Puis Oscar Williams E. P. Owsley Georgia State Industrial Col- lege R. E. Haeger. Holsteins S. P. Stevens. Reid, Murdock & Co. ILLINOIS---Con Champaign Chester Chicago Chicago Chicago Davis Des Plaines Dolton Elgin Elgin Elgin Elgm Hampshire Hinsdale Jacksonville Lake Forest Lake Villa Lisle Oregon Peoria Streator Techny tinued Capt. J. R. Trevett State Hospital Union Stockyards & Transfer Co. H. W. Gossard. Gossard Corsets Ralph Wilder. Cartoonist Wesley M. Sarver St. Mary's North Farm Dr. C. H. Thompson Smith Youngs. Holsteins A. H. McCormick C. E. Chaxpell Preston Bellows T. E. Getzelman. Holsteins C. A. Tousey Deaf and Dumb School Mrs. Scott Durand O. W. Lehmann Joy Morton Col. F. O. Lowden. Sinnis- sippi Farm State Hospital Sass Bros. Society of the Divine Word INDIANA— Auburn Auburn Brooklyn Erookville Crown Point Crown Point Crown Point Elkhart Evansville Fort Wayne Goshen Indianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Lafayette La Porte La Porte Logansport Logansport Madison Marion Martinsville Michigan City Mishawaka Mishawaka Mishawaka New Carlisle No. Manchester Petersburg Rockville South Bend Geo. W. Rakestraw J. W. Sheffer Black & Adams. Jerseys Morris M. Thompson C. E. Benjamin Lake County Poor Farm August Neuenfeldt John Houseworth Southern Hospital Indiana Home and Training School for Feeble Minded Youth W. Showalter Howard Johnson Sylvester Bell St. Anthony's Home Purdue University W. C. Weir Alden H. Herrold Northern Hospital for Insane W. W. Moss & Son Southeastern Hospital W. G. Bradford Van Camp Packing Co. Walter J. Bull John H. Fulmer Clarence Fulmer Clem Fulmer E. H. Studebaker D. C. Harter W. E. Lamb. Guernseys Indiana Tuberculosis Hospital Notre Dame University "^5^ JAOOGS WaV 309 PARTIAL LIST OF USERS— Continued INDIANA— Contin South Bend South Bend South Bend Terre Haute Terre Haute Warren IOWA— Albion Algona Anamosa Arlington Eritt Charles City Cedar Rapids Cedar Rapids Cedar Falls Commanche Davenport Decorah Des Moines Dubuque Dyersville Eldora Fayette Fenton Fredericksburg Ft. Dodge Fillmore Glenwood Grange!' Hampton Hawkeye Inwood Mason City Mitchellville McGregor Orange City Osage Preston Pomeroy Rolfe Sioux City Staceyville Storm Lake Sumner Sutherland Waukon Waterloo Winterset KANSAS— Denison Ossawatomie St. Mary's ued St. Mary's Academy E. L. Kelsey E. H. Studebaker The Rose Orphans Home Chas. Whit comb, "Sleepy Hollow Farm" Methodist Memorial Home Geo. F. Reidel Bert McCorkle W. K. Ferguson State Reformatory Harrie W. Gleim John Ham mill M. F. Schlick Wm. Ford Wm. T. S. Bear Dr. Thos. Y. Kane Clyde Bechtelheimer J. O. Scheff C. Schuler J. R. Lane. lowana Farrris Old People's Home Mountain Bros. St. Mary's Orphans' Home Gus. Hesselman C. A. Lundy. Lawyer State Industrial School Fayette County Home A. A. Dreyer L. E. Fay L. E. Armstrong Senator Fred Larabee S. S. Budlong State Hospital Dale Meek Roemer-Gibson Farm A. L. Eitel Henry Sterkens Heeler Eros. W. P. McDonald F. Kadlec Oti.o Van Roekel W. D. Runge & Sons John Grant John Featherstone Louis Nemecek. Dairyman J. W. Kennedy Nick Theobald Sac City Canning Co. Walter Thompson Cass Farm Co. "^"rs. R. C. Jordan County Poor Farm Galloway-Messer Farms Flora E. Harris David Coleman State Hospital St. Mary's Academy KANSAS— Contii Topeka Topeka Topeka Topeka KENTUCKY— Berea Berea Frankfort Jenkins Louisville Nicholasville Versailles LOUISIANA— Alexandria Alexandria Homer Marksville Opelousa Reserve Raceland Slidell MARYLAND— Augusta Augusta Baltimore Baltimore Baltimore Baltimore Beltsville Hagerstown Sudlersville Warton MASSACHUSETTS- Boston Boston Boston Framingham Holyoke Ipswich Lancaster Oldtown Palmer Shirley Wellesley Hills Westfield Whitinsville Worcester Worcester MICHIGAN— Allegan Aloha Battle Creek State Hospital Industrial Educational Insti- tute J. W. Bigger O. E. Walker Berea College Lincoln Institute Kentucky Institute of Feeble Minded Children J. W. Ellis. Elkhorn Dairy A. E. Norman Everett B. Hoover J. N. Camden W. E. McFarland Jos. Sterx Dr. L. E. Morgan C. C. Gaspard State Normal School Godchaux Belle Pointe Dairy Clotilda Plantation G. O. Journey State Hospital School for Feeble Minded City of Baltimore C. H. Basshore Eudowood Sanitarium Dr. J. I. France U. S. Experimental Farm M. P. Moeller. Organ Mfgr. R. Bruce Massey J. E. Morris George Ellis Maxwell Norman C. H, Jones. Pres. Common- wealth Shoe Co. N. I. Bowditch W. F. Whiting. Paper Mfgr. R. T. Crane Industrial School for Girls C. A. Gray. OldtownCanoe Co. Monson State Hospital Industrial School for Boys Academy of the Assumption State Hospital Arthur F. Whitin. Whitin Mfg. Co. A. S. and M. W. Clements W. J. Woods Allegan County Infirmary Geo. H. Jewett Dr. J. B. Patterson W. M. Wentworth Geo. B. Willard 310 <^5;& jAoaGS T^av PARTIAL LIST OF USERS — Continued ■Cont MICHIGAN Belleville Big Rapids Birch Run Cadillac Charlotte Clark's Lake Coldwater Detroit Flint Fowler Goodies Grand Rapids Grand Rapids Hart Hastings Howell Houghton Imlay City Iron Mountain Jackson Jackson Jenison Lansing Lapeer Leslie Marquette Marshall Mason Newberry Niles Ontonagon Petersburg Port Huron Portland Saginaw South Haven Three Oaks Traverse City Ypsilanti MINNESOTA— Albert Lea Albertville Amboy Anoka Austin Belview Bemidji Blue Earth Buffalo Lake Caledonia Courtland Cottonwood Crystal Bay Dauson inued Quirk Farms Harry Widaicomb, Jr. Chas. Wolohan Dr. G. D. Miller H. W. Hancock C. F. York Campbell & Angevinr Carl E. Schmidt W. E. Flanders. W. E. Scripps Dr. R. J. Palmer G. L. Spillane & Son Dr. Ernest Schemer St. Clair Co. Infirmary Irving J. Bissell A. A. Carroll Charles R. Horrie P. T. Colgrove State Tuberculosis Sanitarium Houghton County Infirmary G, W. Cardwell & Son Dickinson County Hospital Allen Bros. Jackson State Prison Benj. Hanchett H. W. Wigman. Guernseys Home and Training School L. S. Marshall Emblagaard Dairy Dr. J. W. Houston Stewart Acre Farms Geo. Gillespie. Holsteins Newberry State Hospital Bjillard Bigs. Ontonagon County Hospital Zweigertdale Farms M. D. Baldwin Estate J. M. Maynard Frank Plum. Guernseys Dr. A. S. Rogers G. W. Padbury M. G. McGowan Traverse City State Hospital J. E. Warner Will Jenson Herman Berning Adolph Herlick A. D. W, Johnson Mrs. A. V. EUis E. G. Enestvedt D. R, Gilmore Fox Brothers Roy Verhoffer Wheaton Brothers Otto Berbrich C. J. Reimstad Martin Halstad D. D. Tenny Edw. Osmundson MINNESOTA— Co Delhi Echo Fairmont Good Thunder Granite Falls Gilfillan Gibbon Hastings Hammond Hadley Hanley Falls Hector Hendricks Hills Holland Jackson Jordon Lake Crystal Lamberton Lakefield Lakeville Lake Benton Madelia Minneapolis Minneota Milroy Mapleton Marshall Mankato Millville Monterey New Ulm Nicollet Ormsby Ostrander Owatonna Pemberton Pipestone Red Wing Robbinsdale Rochester Redwood Falls Redwood Falls Sanborn Sherburne Sleepy Eye ntinued Neil McKay S. O. Sheggeby Wilbur Brown (State Demon- stration Farm) Martin County Poor Farm J. R. Thompson James O'Conner C. O. Gilfillan Cnas. Lundgren Chamberlain Brothers Otto Siercks B. H. Jacobson L. K. Rowberg Nelson Brothers C. J. Victor Emil Thompson J. N. Jacobson A. Bruins Ben H. Ashley John Leibhard T. C. Norman J. C. Johnson Frank Schuldt Ciiarlds Neary Hans P. Christiansen Albert Teigiem Charles Gold G. H. Rogers A. S. Josephson Eugene Truax Louis Biunz N. W. Freeze W:..U Lies. Dr. W. A. Beach J. W. Schmitt Lewis Springer A. J. Ringeisen Crone Bros. Louis Compart R. F. Compart J acob Te.gen P. C. Falkum Leach & Leach Geo. Ruel Rob. Crickmore W. C. Pagenkopf Pipestone Indian School E. H. Langhams G. H. Johnson Dr. Mayo State Hospital Andrew Stewart Mrs. R. E. Fuller Joseph J. Fisher Geo. B. Tetrick Robt. Stewart Dr. Thos. Flinn John Brandt Henry Ott Berkner Bros. Geo. Moll <(s/£e jAoaGS t:pJ^v 311 PARTIAL LIST OF USERS — Continued MINNESOTA— Co Spring Grove Springfield Stillwater St. Charles St. Paul Storden Tracy Tyler Virginia Wabasha Winona Waseca Walnut Grove Woodstock Woodlake Wirthington Windom Zumbro Falls MISSISSIPPI— Goodman Lumberton Macon Purvis MISSOURI— Aurora Conception Crescent Crescent Eureka Glencoe Liberty Marionville Maysville Palmyra St. Charles St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis MONTANA— Eozeman Butte Helena Hobson Miles City Missoula Wibaux ntinued O. J. Anderson Michael Skow F. J. Isaksey E, J. Brosius Thomas Frisby Walter Hill. Farm at White- Bear Minn. George Slade, Vice-pres., N. P. R. R. J. W. Bonngard W. W. Dunn, Jr. Knut Knatterstad S. P. Hicks E. B. Gillis Jacob Jacobson H. M. Peterson Cusson & Rogers Peter Buol Lewis Oech Mrs. Geo. H. Wood & Son Henry Lewer Johnie Lcwer F. L. Marriott Dennis Hennessey M. F. Ahrend C. E. House O. H. Nystrom Redding & Redding Ed. Lynch Holmes County Agricultural High School A. A. Pigford H. B. Gurler James Hand, Jr. T. E. McClure Conception Abbey John T. Milliken P. P. Lewis. Pres. of Missouri State Board of Agriculture Tom Shields. Certified Milk La Salle Institute Odd Fellow's Home H. L. Doggett S. W. Cook & Sons Head & Gray H. F. Finck. Dairyman A. A. Bright August A. Busch. Brewer Wm. J. Lemp, Jr. Brewer E. A. Lemp. Brewer Pevely Dairy Co. Montana School for the Blind The Hennessey Mercantile Co. Helena Holstein-Fresian Co. Thos. R. Murray C. H. Loud. State Industrial School Joseph M. Dixon W. A. Orgain Co. NEBRASKA- Ingleside Lincoln Norfolk Omaha NEW JERSEY— Bernardsville Bernardsville Morristown Norristown Norristown Plainsboro Saddle River Salem Sussex Summit Vineland NEW MEXICO- Albuquerque NEW YORK— Albany Albion Amboy Auburn Avon Babylon Baldwinsville Batavia Batavia Batavia Bedford Hills Bedford Hills Binghamton Binghamton Bliss Brookton Buffalo Carthage Carthage Chaffee Chatham Cleveland Clinton Clinton Corners Collens Cooperstown Corning Cortland Nebraska State Hospital H. A. Young State University State Hospital L. E. Sabine H. C. Langan Knollcroft Farms Wendover Farms. Walter P. Bliss. Owner. L. E. Ortiz, Supt. Morristown Hospital Livingston Whitney L. E. Niese. Jr. Walker Gordon Laboratories Geo. M. Eckert Isaac Bacon Belle Ellen Stock Farms Norman Schultz Training School Rio Grande Industrial School Edw. Van Alstyne Joseph Harding Carlsruhe Farms. Holsteins D. M. Dunning Markham & Puffer David Gardinier Robert Melvin. Holsteins Walker & Priest. Real Estate George A. Bridge W. W. Hawley. Jr. State Reformatory for Women Henry W. Howe. Guernseys Broome County Almhouse Wm.Hotaling (Mgr. Hillcrest Farm) Lowe Brothers Dr. V. A. Moore (Veterinari- an Cornell University) Dr. Geo. M. Jack Wm. A. Williamson Fred S. Knaisch. Eugene D. Hofeller Spencer Kellogg Fred Anderson. Guernseys S. R. Strickland. Holsteins William Philhpi W. P. Hawley Vandercamp Farm Francis Jones. Holsteins Webb Farms Gowanda State Homeopathic Hospital Clark Estate. Machines W. T. Smith W. H. Mace. Singer Sewing Holsteii 312