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 The Constitution of tlie United States of 
 
 3 1924 019 906 134 
 
The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924019906134 
 
THE 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 OF AMERICA 
 
 AS AMENDED TO MAY 1, 1913 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 COVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 1913 
 
In thb Sbnatb op thb Unitbd Statbs, 
 
 April. 15, 191%. 
 Ordered, That "The Constitution of the United Stated of 
 America" be printed, with corrections to date, and that 1,50a 
 additional copies be printed for the use of the Senate. 
 Attest : 
 
 Jambs M. Bakbr, 
 
 Secretary, 
 
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
 AMERICA.* 
 
 We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more 
 perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, 
 provide for the common defence, promote the general "Welfare, 
 and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Pos- 
 terity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the 
 United States of America. 
 
 Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States relating to the 
 preamble are: 
 
 Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; McCuUoch v. State of Mary- 
 land et al., 4 Wh., 316; Brown et al. v. Maryland, 12. Wh., 419; 
 Barron v. The Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, 7 Pet, 243; 
 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 Howard, 393; Lane County v. Oregon, 7 
 Wall., 71; Texas v. White et al., 7 Wall., 700; Claflin v. House- 
 man, assignee, 93 U. S., 130; Williams v. Bruffy, 96 U. S., 176; 
 Tennessee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; Langford v. United States, , 
 loi U. S., 341; United States v. Jones, 109 U. S., 513; Fort Leav- 
 enworth Railroad Co. v. I<owe, 114 U. S., 525; The Chinese Exclu- 
 sion Case, 130 U. S., 581; Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; In re 
 Neagle, 135 U. S., i; In re Ross, 140 U. S., 453; Logali v. United 
 States, 144 U. S., 263; Lascelles v. Georgia, 148 U. S., 537; In re 
 Tyler, 149 U. S., 164; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 
 698; United States v. 'E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S., i; Mattoji v. 
 United States, 156 U. S., 237, In re Quarles and Butler, 158 U. S., 
 532; In re Debs, Petitioner, 158 U. S., 564; Ward v. Race Horse, 
 163 U. S., 504; De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., i; Prout v. Starr, 
 188 U. S., 537; Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U. S., 11; South 
 Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437; Ellis v. U. S., 206 U. S., 
 246; Dick V. U. S., 208 U. S., 340; Muller v. Oregon, 208 U. S., 412. 
 
 * In May, 1785, a committee/of Congress made a report recommending 
 an alteration in the Articles of Confederation, but no action was taken on 
 it, and it was left to the State Legislatures to proceed in the matter. In 
 January, 1786, the Legislature of Virginia passed a resolution providing for 
 the appointment of five, commissioners, who, or any three of them, should 
 meet such commissioners as might be appointed in the other States of the 
 Union, at a time and place to be agreed upon, to take into consideration the 
 trade of the United States; to consider how far a uniform system in their 
 commercial regulations may be necessary to their common interest and 
 their permanent harmony; and to report to the several States such an act^ 
 relative to this great object, as, when ratified by them, will enable the 
 
4 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 SbcTion I. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be 
 
 vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist 
 
 of a Senate and House of Representatives. 
 
 Hayburn's Case (notes), 2 Dall.,409; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 
 649; Union Bridge Co. v. United States, 204 U. S., 364; United 
 States V. Heinszen, 206 U. S., 370; St. Louis & Iron Mountain 
 Railway v. Taylor, 210 U. S., 2S1; Monongahela Bridge Co. v. 
 United States, 216 U. S., 177; United States ?/. Grimaud, 216 
 U. S., 614. 
 
 Sbction 2. 'The House of Representatives shall be com- 
 posed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of 
 the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the 
 Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous 
 Branch of the State Legislature. 
 
 Ex parte Yarbrough, 110 U. S., 651; in re Green, 134 U. S., 377; 
 Wiley V. Sinkler, 179 U. S., 58. 
 
 ^No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have 
 attained to the Age of twenty-five Years, and been seven Years 
 a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, 
 be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 
 
 '* [Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned 
 •among the several States which may be included within this 
 Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be 
 determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, 
 including those bound to Service for a Term of Yeaxs, and 
 excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.J 
 
 United States in Congress effectually to provide for the same. The Vir- 
 :ginia commissioners, after some correspondence, fixed the first Monday in 
 September as the time, and the city of Annapolis as the place for the meet- 
 ing, but only four other States were represented, viz: Delaware, New York, 
 New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; the commissioners appointed by Massa- 
 -chusetts. New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Rhode Island failed to 
 attend. Under the circumstances of so partial a rfepresentation, the com- 
 missioners present agreed upon a report, (drawn by Mr. Hamilton, of New 
 York,) expressing their unanimous conviction that it might essentially 
 tend to advance the interests of the Union if the States by which they 
 were respectively delegated would concur, and use their endeavors to pro-_ 
 
 *The clause included in brackets is amended by the fourteenth amend- 
 ment, second section, p. 57. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 5 
 
 'he actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after 
 tie first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and 
 athin every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner 
 s they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives 
 hall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State 
 haU have at Least one Representative; and until such enumer- 
 tion shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be 
 ntitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and 
 'rovidence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New- York six, 
 Tew Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland 
 ix, Virginia ten. North Carolina five. South CaroUna -five, and 
 
 Georgia three. 
 
 The last apportionment, under the act of 191 1, was made on the 
 basis of one Representative for 211,877 of population, and one for 
 each major fraction thereof. 
 
 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 Howard, 393; Veazie Bank v. Fenno, 
 8 Wall., 533; Scholey v. Rew, 23 Wall., 331; De Treville v. Smalls, 
 98 U. S., 517; Gibbons v. District of Columbia, 116 U. S., 404; 
 Pollock V. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (Income Tax case), 157 
 U. S., 429; Pollock V. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (Rehearing), 158 
 U. S., 601; Thomas v. United States, 192 U. S., 363. 
 
 :ure the concurrence of the other States, in the appointment of commis- 
 ioners to meet at Philadelphia on the second Monday of May following, 
 o take into consideration the situation of the United States; to devise suck 
 urther provisions as should appear to them necessary to render the Con- 
 titution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the 
 Jnion; and to report such an act for that purpose to the United States itt 
 Congress assembled as, when agreed to by them and afterwards confirmed 
 >y the Legislatures of every State, would effectually provide for the same. 
 Congress, on the 21st of February, 1787, adopted a resolution in favor 
 if a convention, and the Legislatmres of those States which had not 
 Iready done so (with the exception of Rhode Island) promptly appointed 
 lelegates. On the 25th of May, seven States having convened, George 
 Vashington, of Virginia, was unanimously elected President, and the con- 
 ideration of the proposed constitution was commenced. On the 17th of 
 September, 1787, the Constitution as engrossed and agreed upon was 
 igned by all the members present, except Mr. Gerry, of Massachusetts, 
 ,nd Messrs. Mason and Randolph, of Virginia. The president of the 
 onvention transmitted it to Congress, with a resolution stating how the 
 iroposed Federal Government should be put in operation, and an explana- 
 ory letter. Congress, on the 28th of September, 1787, directed the Con- 
 titution so framed, with the resolutions and letter concerning the same, to 
 
6 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 *Wheii vacancies happen in the Representation from any- 
 State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of 
 Election to fill such Vacancies. 
 
 ^ The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and 
 other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. 
 
 Section. 3: [' The Senate of the United States shall be com- 
 posed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the I^egisla- 
 ture thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one 
 Vote.]* 
 
 "^ Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of 
 the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be 
 into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class 
 shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the 
 second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the 
 third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one-third 
 may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by 
 Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the legisla- 
 ture of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary 
 
 "be transmitted to the several Legislatures in order to be submitted to a 
 convention of delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in 
 conformity to the resolves of the convention. ' ' 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1789, the day which had been fixed for commenc- 
 ing the operations of Government under the new Constitution, it had been 
 ratified by the conventions chosen in each State to consider it, as follows: 
 Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, 
 December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; 
 Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, 
 May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21,1788; Virginia, June 26, 1788; and 
 New York, July 26, 1788. 
 
 The President informed Congress, on the 28th of January, 1790, that 
 North Carolina had ratified the Constitution November 21, 1789; and he 
 informed Congress on the ist of June, 1790, that Rhode Island had ratified 
 the Constitution May 29, 1789. Vermont, in convention, ratified the Con- 
 stitution January 10, 1791, and was, by an act of Congress approved Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1791-, "received and admitted into this Union as a new and entire 
 member of the United States." 
 
 *The first paragraph of section three of Article I, of the Constitution of 
 the United States, and so much of paragraph two of the same section as 
 relates to filling vacancies are amended by the seventeenth amendment to 
 the Constitution. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 7 
 
 Appointments [until the next Meeting of the I,egislature, which 
 shall then fill such Vacancies] . 
 
 ' No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to 
 the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the 
 "United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabit- 
 ant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 
 
 * The Vice President of the United States shall be President 
 of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally 
 divided. 
 
 5 The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a Presi- 
 dent pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when 
 he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. 
 
 'The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeach- 
 ments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath 
 or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is 
 tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be 
 convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Mem- 
 bers present. 
 
 ' Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further 
 than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and 
 enjoy any Office of honor. Trust or Profit under the United 
 States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable 
 and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, 
 according to Law. 
 
 Sbction. 4. 'The Times, Places and Manner of holding 
 
 Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed 
 
 in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress 
 
 may at any time by I^aw make or alter such Regulations, 
 
 except as to the Places of chusing Senators. 
 
 Ex parte Siebold, 100 U. S., 371 ; Ex parte Clarke, 100 U. S., 
 399; Ex parte Yarbrough, no U. S., 651; United States v. Wad- 
 dell et al., 112 [T. S., 76; In re Coy, 127 U. S., 731. 
 
 ' The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, 
 
 and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, 
 
 unless they shall by I^aw appoint a different Day. 
 
8 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Sbction. 5. ' Eacli House shall be the Judge of the Klections, 
 Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority 
 of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller 
 Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized 
 to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, 
 and under such Penalties as each House may provide. 
 
 In re Loney, 134 U. S., 372, United States v. Ballin, 144 U. S., i. 
 
 °Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, 
 
 ptmish its Members for disorderly Behavior, and, with the 
 
 Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. 
 
 Anderson v. Dunn, 6 Wh.,204; Kilboum v. Thompson, 103 
 U. S. , 168; U. S. V. Ballin, 144 U. S. , i ; In re Chapman, 166 U. S., 661. 
 
 'Kach House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and 
 from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as 
 may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays 
 of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the 
 Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. 
 
 * Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, with- 
 out the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, 
 nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall 
 be sitting. 
 
 Section. 6. ' The Senators and Representatives shall receive 
 
 a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, 
 
 and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall 
 
 in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, 
 
 be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Ses-" 
 
 sion of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning 
 
 from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, 
 
 they shall not be questioned in any other Place. 
 
 Coxe V. McClenachan, 3 Dall., 478; Kilboum v. Thompson, 103 
 U. S., 168; Williamson v. U. S., 207 U. S., 425. 
 
 °No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for 
 
 which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the 
 
 Authority of the United States, which shall have been created. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 9 
 
 or tlie Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during 
 such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United 
 States, shall be a Member of either House during his 'Contin- 
 uance in Office. 
 
 SECTION. 7. ^AU Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in 
 the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or 
 concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 
 
 Field V. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; Twin City Bank v. Nebeker, 167 
 U. S., 196; Millard v. Roberts, 202 U. S., 429; Flint v. Stone 
 Tracy Co., 220 U. S., 107. 
 
 * Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Represent- 
 atives and the Senate, shall, before it become a I^aw, be pre- 
 sented to the President of the United States; If he approve 
 he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objec- 
 tions to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall 
 enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to 
 reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that 
 House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with 
 the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise 
 be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it 
 shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both 
 Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names 
 of the Persons voting for and against the BUI shall be entered 
 on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall 
 not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays 
 excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same 
 shall be a I^aw, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the 
 Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which 
 Case it shall not be a I^aw. 
 
 ' Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence 
 of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary 
 (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to 
 the President of the United States; and before the Same shall 
 take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by 
 him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House 
 
lo Constitution of the United States. 
 
 of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations pre- 
 scribed in the Case of a Bill. 
 
 Field V. Clark, 143 U, S., 649; United States v. Ballin, 144 tJ. S„ 
 I ; Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176. 
 
 SECTION 8. The Congress shall have Power ^To lay and col- 
 lect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and 
 provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the 
 United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be 
 uniform throughout the United States; 
 
 Hylton V. United States, 3 Dall., 171; McCnlloch v. State of 
 Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Loughborough z/. Blake, 5 Wh., 317; Osborn 
 V. Bank of the United States, 9 Wh., 738; Weston et al. v. City 
 Council of Charleston, 2 Pet., 449; Dobbins v. The Commissioners 
 of Erie County, 16 Pet., 435; License Cases, 5 How., 504; Cooley 
 f. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia et al., 12 How., 299; 
 McGuire v. The Commonwealth, 3 Wall., 387; Van Allen v. The 
 Assessors, 3 Wall., 573; Bradley v. The People, 4 Wall., 459; 
 License Tax Cases, 5 Wall., 462; Pervear v. The Commonwealth, 
 5 Wall., 475; Woodruff v. Parham, 8 Wall., 123; Hinson v. Lett, 8 
 Wall., 148; Veazie Bank v. Fenno, 8 Wall., 533; The Collector v. 
 Day, II Wall., 113; United States v. Singer, 15 Wall., iii; State 
 Tax on Foreign-held Bonds, 15 Wall., 300; United States v. Rail- 
 road Company, 17 Wall., 322; Railroad Company v. Peniston, 18 
 Wall., 5; Scholey v. Rew, 23 Wall., 331; Springer v. United States, 
 102 U. S., 586; Legal Tender Case, no U. S., 421; California v. 
 Central Paciiic Railroad Co., 127 U. S., i; Ratterman v. Western 
 Union Telegraph Co., 127 U. S., 411; Leloup v. Port of Mobile, 
 127 U. S., 640; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; Pollock v. Farmers' 
 Loan & Trust Co., 157 U. S., 429; United States v. Realty Co., 
 163 U. S., 427; Nicol V. Ames, 173 U. S., 509; Knowlton v. Moore, 
 178 U. S., 41; De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., i; Dooley v. United 
 States, 182 U. S., 222; Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244; Fourteen 
 Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176; Felsenheld v. 
 United States, 186 U. S., 126; Thomas v. United States, 192 U. S., 
 363; Spreckels Sugar Refining Co. v. McClain, 192 U. S., 397; Binns 
 V. United States, 194 U. S., 486; South Carolina v. United States, 
 199 U. S., 437; Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S., 46; Flaherty v. Han- 
 son, 215 U. S., 515; Hooe V. U. S., 218 U. S., 322; Flint v. Stone 
 Tracy Co., 220 U. S., 107. 
 
 *To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 
 
 McCulloch V. The State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Weston et al. 
 V. The City Council of Charleston, 2 Pet. , 449; Bank of Commerce v. 
 New York City, 2 Black,. 620; Bank Tax Cases, 2 Wall., 200; The 
 Banks v. The Mayor, 7 Wall., 16; Bank v. Supervisors, 7 Wall., 26; 
 Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wall., 603; National Bank v. Common- 
 wealth, 9 Wall., 353; Parker v. Davis, 12 Wall., 457; Legal Tender 
 Case, no U. S., 421; Home Insurance Company v. New York, 134 
 U'. S., 594; Home Savings Bank v. Des Moines, 205 U. S., 503. 
 
Constitution of the United States. n 
 
 ' To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the 
 
 several States, and with the Indian Tribes; 
 
 Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wh., i; Bro-wn et als. v. State of Maryland, 
 12 Wh., 419; Wilson et al. v. Black Bird Creek ]Marsh Company, 2 
 Pet. , 245 ; Worcester v. The State of Georgia, 6 Pet. ,515; City of New 
 York V. Miln, n Pet., 102; United States v. Coombs, 12 Pet., 72; 
 Holmes v. Jennison et al., 14 Pet., 540; License Cases, 5 How., 
 504; Passenger Cases, 7 How., 283; Nathan v. I^ouisiana, 8 How., 
 73; Mager v. Grima et al., 8 How., 490; United States v. Marigold, 
 9 How., 560; Cowley v. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadel- 
 phia, 12 How., 299; The Propeller Genesee Chief et al. v. Fitz- 
 hugh et al., 12 How., 443; State of Pennsylvania v. The Wheeling 
 Bridge Co., 13 How., 518; Veazie et al. y. Moore, 14 How., 568; 
 Smith V. State of Maryland, 18 How., 71; State of Pennsylvania 
 V. The Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Co. et al., 18 How., 421; 
 Sinnitt v. Davenport, 22 How., 227; Foster et al. v. Davenport et 
 al. , 22 How. , 244; Conway et al. v. Taylor's Ex. , i Black, 603 ; United 
 States V. HoUiday, 3 Wall., 407; Gilman v. Philadelphia, 3 Wall., 
 713; The Passaic Bridges, 3 Wall., 782; Steamship Company v. 
 Port Wardens, 6 Wall., 31; Crandall v. State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; 
 White's Bank v. Smith, 7 Wall., 646; Waring v. The Mayor, 8 Wall., 
 no; Paul V. Virginia, 8 Wall., 168; Thomson v. Pacific Railroad, 9 
 "Wall., 579; Downham et al. v. Alexandria Council, 10 Wall., 173; 
 The Clinton Bridge, 10 Wall., 454; The Daniel Ball, 10 Wall., 557; 
 Liverpool Insurance Company v. Massachusetts, 10 Wall., 566; The 
 Montello, 11 Wall., 411; Ex parte McNiel, 13 Wall., 236; State 
 Freight Tax, 15 Wall., 232; State Tax on Railway Gross Receipts, 
 IS Wall., 284; Osborn v. Mobile, 16 Wall., 479; Railroad Company 
 V. Fuller, 17 Wall., 560; Bartemeyer v. Iowa, 18 Wall., 129; The 
 Delaware Railroad Tax, 18 Wall., 206; Peete v. Morgan, 19 Wall., 
 581; Railroad Company v. Richmond, 19 Wall., 584; B. and O. 
 R. R. Co. V. Maryland, 21 Wall., 456; The Lottawanna, 21 Wall., 
 558; Henderson et al. v. The Mayor of the City of New York, 
 92 U. S., 259; Chy Lung v. Freeman et al., 92 U. S., 275; South 
 Carolina v. Georgia et al., 93 U. S., 4; Sherlock et al. v. Ailing, 
 adm., 93 U. S., 99; United States v. Forty- three Gallons of Whisky, 
 etc., 93 U. S., 18S; Foster v. Master and Wardens of the Port of 
 New Orleans, 94 U. S., 246; Railroad Co. v. Husen, 95 U. S., 
 465; Pensacola Tel. Co. v. W. U. Tel. Co., 96 U. S., 1; Beer Co. v. 
 Massachusetts, 97 U. S., 25; Cook v. Pennsylvania, 97 U. S., 566; 
 Packet Co. v. St. Louis, 100 U. S., 423; Wilson z/. McNamee, 102 U.S., 
 572; Moran v. New Orleans, 112 U. S., 69; Head Money Cases, 112 
 U. S., 580; Cooper Mfg. Co. v. Ferguson, 113 U. S., 727; Gloucester 
 Ferry Co. z/. Pennsylvania, 114 U. S., 196; Brown z/. Houston, 114 
 U. S., 622; Walling v. Michigan, 116 U. S., 446; Pickard v. Pullman 
 Southern Car Co., 1 17 U. S., 34; Tennessee v. Pullman Southern Car 
 Co., 117 U. S., 51; Spraigue v. Thompson, 118 U. S., 90; Morgan v. 
 Louisiana, 118 U. S., 455; Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Ry. v. Illi- 
 nois, 118 U. S., 557; Huse v. Glover, 119 U. S., 543; Robbins v. 
 Shelby Co. Taxing Dist., 120 U. S., 489; Corson v. Maryland, 120 
 U. S., 502; Barron v. Burnside, 121 U. S., 186; Fargo v. Michigan , 121 
 U. S., 230; Ouachita Packet Co. z/. Aiken, 121 U. S., 444; Phila. and 
 Southern S. S. Co. v. Penna., 122 U. S., 326; W. U. Tel. Co. v. Pendle- 
 ton, 122 U. S., 347; Sands ^w. Manistee River Imp. Co., 123 U. S., 
 288; Smith V. Alabama, 124 U. S., 465; Willamette Iron Bridge Co. 
 V. Hatch, 125 U. S., i; Pembina Mine Co. v. Penna., 125 U. S., 181; 
 
J 2 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Bowman v. Chicago Northwestern Rwy. Co., 125 U. S., 465; 
 Western Union Tel. Co. v. Mass., 125 U. S., 53°; California v. Cen- 
 tral Pacific R. R. Co., 127 U. S., i; Leloup v. Port of Mobile, 127 
 U. S , 640; Kidd V. Pearson, 128 U. S., i; Asher v. Texas, 128 U, S., 
 129; Stoutenberg v. Hennick, 129 U.S., 141; Western Union Tel. 
 Co. V. Alabama, 132 U. S., 472; Fritts v. Palmer, 132 U. S., 282; 
 Louisville, N. O., &c., Railway v. Mississippi, 113 U. S., 587; Leisy 
 V. Hardin, 135 U. S., 100; Lyng v. Michigan, 135 U. S., 161; Cher- 
 okee Nation V. Kansas Railway Co., 135 U.S., 641; McCall v. Cali- 
 fornia, 136 U. S. 104; Norfolk & Western R. Rd. v. Pennsylvania, 
 136 U. S., 114; Minnesota v. Barber, 136 U. S., 313; Texas & Pacific 
 Ry. Co. V. Southern Pacific Co., 137 U. S., 48; Brimmer v. Rebman, 
 138 U. S., 78; Manchester v. Mass., 139 U. S., 240; In re Rahrer, 140 
 U. S., 545; Pullman Palace Car Co. v. Penna., 141 U. S., 18; PulU 
 man Palace Car Co. v. Hayward, 141 U. S., 36; Mass. v. West'n 
 Union Tel.. Co., 141 U. S., 40; Crutcher v. Kentucky, 141 U. S., 47; 
 Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson, 141 U. S., 679; In re Garnett, 
 141 U. S., i; Maine v. Grand Trunk Ry. Co., 142 U. S., 217; Mishi- 
 mura Ekin v. U. S., 142 U. S., 651; Pacific Ex. Co. v. Seibert, 142 
 U. S., 339; Horn Silver Mining Co. v. New York, 143 .U. S., 305; 
 Chic. & Grand Trunk Ry. Co. v. Wellman, 143 U. S., 339; Budd 
 V. N. v., 143 U. S., 517; Ficklen v. Shelby Co. Taxing^Dist., 145 
 U. S., i; Lehigh Valley R. Rd. v. Pennsylvania, 145 tJ. S., 192; 
 Interstate Com. Comm. v. B. & O. R. Rd., 145 U. S., 264; 
 Brennan v. Titusville, 153 U. S., 2S9; Brass v. Stoeser, 153 U. S., 
 391; Ashley v. Ryan, 153 U. S., 436; Luxton v. N. River Bridge 
 Co., 153 U. S., 529; Erie R. Rd. v. Penna., 153 U. S., 628; Postal 
 Tel. Cable Co. v. Charleston, 153 U. S., 692; Covington & Cinc'ti 
 Bridge Co. v. Ky., 154 U. S., 204; Plumley v. Mass., 155 U. S., 461; 
 Texas & Pacific Rwy. Co. v. Interstate Transfer Co., 155 U. S., 585; 
 Hooper v. Calif., 155 U. S., 648; Postal Tel. Cable Co. v. Adams, 
 155 U. S., 688; U. S. v. E. C. Knight & Co., 156 U. S., i; Ernest 
 V. Mo., 156 U. S., 296; N. Y., L. E. & West'n v. Penna., 158 
 U. S., 431; Pittsburgh & So. Coal Co. v. Bates, 156 U. S., 577; 
 Pittsburgh & So. Coal Co. v. La., 156 U. S., 590; Gulf, Colo. & 
 S. F. Rwy. Co. V. Hefley, 158 U. S., 98; In re Debs, 158 U. S., 564; 
 Geer v. Conn., 161 U. S., 519; Louisville, &c.,R R. Co. v. Ken- 
 tucky, 161 U. S., 677; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. James, 
 
 162 U. S., 650; W. U. Telegraph Co. v. Taggart, iSs-U. S., i; Illinois 
 Cent. R. R. Co. v. Illinois, 163 U. S., 142; Hennington v. Georgia, 
 
 163 U. S., 299; Osborne v. Florida, 164 U. S., 650; Scott z/. Donald, 
 165 U. S., 58; Adams Ex. Co. v. Ohio, 165 U. S., 194; New York, 
 &c., R. R. Co. V. New York, 165 U. S., 628;- Henderson Bridge Co. 
 V. Kentucky, 166 U. S., 150; Adams Exp. Co. v. Kentucky, 166 U. S., 
 171; Gladsonz/. Minn., 166 U.S., 427; Chicago, &c. , Ry. Co, w. Solan, 
 
 169 U. S., 133; Missouri, &c., Ry. Co. v. Haber, 169 U. S., 613; Rich- 
 mond, &c., R. R. Co. V. Patterson, 169 U. S., 311; Rhodes v. Iowa, 
 
 170 U. S., 412; Vance v. Vandercook, 170 U. S., 438; Schollenberger 
 V. Pa., 171 U.S., i; Collins v. N. H., 171 U. S., 30; Patapsco Guano 
 Co. V. N. C, 171 U. S., 345; New York v. Roberts, 171 U. S., 658; 
 Lake Shore, &c., Ry. Co. v. Ohio, 173 U. S., 285; Nicol v. Ames, 173 
 U. S., 509; Missouri, &c., Ry. Co. v. McCann, 174 U. S., 580; Addy- 
 stou Pipe & Steel Co. v. U. S., 175 U. S., 211; Lindsay & Phelps 
 Co. V. Mullen, 176 U. S., 126; Williams v. Fears, 179 U. S., 270; 
 Wisconsin, &c., R. R. Co. v. Jacobson, 179 U. S., 287; Chesapeake, 
 &c., Ry. Co. V. Ky., 179 U. S., 388; Cargill v. Minnesota,- 180 
 U. S., 452; Rasmussen.z'. Idaho, 181 U. S., 198; Smith v. St. Louis, 
 &c., Ry. Co., 181 U. S., 248; Capital City Dairy Co. v. Ohio, 183 
 U. S., 238; Louisville, &c., R. R. Co. v. Kentucky, 183 U. S., 503; 
 
Lomsville, &c., R. R. Co. v. Eubank, 184 U. S., 27; Stockard v. 
 Morgan, 185 U. S., 27; Reid v. Colorado, 187 U. S., 137; Telegraph 
 Co. V. New Hope, 187 U. S., 419; Hanley v. Kansas City Southern 
 Ry. Co., 187 U. S., 617; Caldwell v. North Carolina, 187 U. S., 622; 
 Kelley v. Rhoa'ds, 188 U. S., i; Diamond Match Co. v. Ontonagon, 
 
 188 U. S.,82; Lottery Case, 188 U. S., 321; Pullman Co. v. Adams, 
 
 189 U. S., 420; Atlantic, &c., Tel. Co. v. Philadelphia, 190 U. S., , 
 160; Patterson v. Bark Eudora, 190 U. S., 169; Western Union 
 Tel. Co. V. Gottlieb, 190 U. S., 412; Allen v. Pullman Co., 191 
 U. S., 171; Arbuckle v. Blackburn, 191 U. S., 405; Pennsylva- 
 nia R. R. Co. V. Hughes, 191 U. S., 477; P. R. R. Co. v. Knight, 
 
 192 U. S., 21; Crossman v. Lurman, 192 U. S., 189; St. Clair 
 County V. Interstate Transfer Co., 192 U. S., 454; Buttfield v. 
 Stranahan, 192 U. S., 470; Am. Steel & Wire Co. v. Speed, 192 U. S., 
 500; Northern Securities Co. v. U. S., 193 U. S., 197; Fargo v. Hart, 
 
 193 U. S., 490; Field v. Barber Asphalt Co., 194 U. S., 618; C. of 
 Ga. Ry. Co. v. Murphey, 196 U. S., 194; Cook v. Marshall County, 
 196 XJ. S., 261; Pabst Brewing Co. v. Crenshaw, 198 U. S., 17; Foj>- 
 piano V. Speed, 199 U. S., 501; Houston & Texas Cent. R. R. v. 
 Mayes, 201 U. S., 321; McNeill v. So. Ry. Co., 202 U. S., 543; New 
 Mexico ex rel. McLean & Co. v. Denver, etc., R. R. Co., 203 U. S., 
 38; Heymannz/. Southern R. R. Co., 203 U. S., 270; Martin v. P. & 
 L. B. R. R. Co., 203 U. S., 284; Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S., 46; 
 I<ee V. N. J., 207 U. S., 67; Atlantic C. L. R. R. Co. v. Wharton, 
 207 U. S., 328; O. D. S. S. Co. V. Gilmore, 207 U. S., 398; Howard 
 V. 111. C. R. R. Co., 207 U. S., 463; I. M. Darnell & Son Co. v. 
 Memphis, 208 U. S., 113; Adair v. U. S., 208 U. S., 161; Dick z*. 
 U. S., 208 U. S., 340; General Oil Co. v. Crain, 209 U. S., 211; As- 
 bell V. Kansas, 209 U. S., 251; Hudson County Water Com. v. Mc- 
 Carter, 209 U. S., 349; Ware & Leland v. Mobile Co., 209 U. S., 405; 
 Mobile J. & K. C. R. R. Co. v. Miss., 210 U. S., 187; Galveston H. 
 & S. A. R. R. Co. V. Texas, 210 U. S., 217; N. Y. ex rel. Silz v. 
 Hesterberg, 211 U. S., 31; U. S. v. D. & H. Co., 213 U. S., 366; Dis- 
 trict of Columbia v. Brooke, 214 U. S., 138; Adams Exp. Co. v. Ky., 
 214 U. S., 218; El Paso & N. E. Ry. Co. v. Gutierrez, 215 U. S., 87; 
 W. XJ. Tel. Co. V. Kansas, 216 U. S., i; Pullman Co. v. Kansas, 
 
 216 U. S., 56; Atlantic Coast Line Co. v. Mazursky, 216 U. S., 122; 
 Ludwig V. W. U. Tel. Co., 216 U. S., 146; Monongahela Bridge Co. 
 V. U. S., 216 U. S., 177; Mo. P. Ry. Co. v. Kansas, 216 U. S., 262; 
 International Textbook Co. v. Pigg, 217 U. S., 91; St. Louis S. W. 
 Ry. Co. V. Arkansas, 217 U. S., 136; Standard Oil Co. v. Tennessee, 
 
 217 U. S., 413; So. Ry. Co. V. King, 217 U. S., 524; Brown Forman 
 Co. V. Ky., 217 U. S., 563; L. & N. R. R. Co. v. Melton, 218 U. S., 
 36; Dozier v. Alabama, 218 U. S. , 124; Herndon v. C, R. I. & P. 
 Ry. Co., 218 U. S., 135; Roach v. A., T. & S. F. Ry. Co., 218 
 U. S., 159; C. &W. Ry. Co. V. Connersville, 218 U. S. 336; W. 
 U. Tel. Co. V. Commercial Milling Co., 218 U.,S., 406; Engle" z/. 
 O'Malley, 219 U. S., 128; Atlantic C. L. R. R. Co. v. Riverside Mills, 
 219 U. S., 186; Broadnax v. Mo., 219 U. S., 285; L. & N. R. R. Co.; 
 V. Mottley, 219 U. S., 467; Oklahoma v. Kansas Natural Gas Co., 
 221 U. S., 229; B. & O. R. R. Co. V. Interstate Com. Comm., 221 
 U. S., 612; So. Ry. Co. V. V. S., 222 U. S., 20; Martin v. West, 222 
 U. S., 191; Second Employers' Liability Cases, 223 U. S., i; Lowe 
 V. Fisher, 223 U. S., 95; The Abby Dodge, 223 U. S., 166; Philadel- 
 phia Co. V. Stimson, 223 U. S., 605; Interstate Com. Comm. v. Good- 
 rich Tunnel Co., 224 U. S., 194; Mo. P. Ry. Co. v. Castle, 224 U. S., 
 541; Ohio R. R. Comm. v. Worthington, 225 U. S., 101; Savage v. 
 jfones, 225 U. S., 501; Ex parte Webb, 225 U. S., 663. 
 
14 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 ■•To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization,' and uniform 
 I^aws on the subject of Bankruptcies, throughout the United 
 
 States; ' 
 
 'Sturges V. Crowninshield, 4 Wh., 122; 'McMillan v. McNeil, 
 Wh., 209; "Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Pennsylvania, v. Smith, 
 6 Wh., 131; =Ogden v. Saunders, 12 Wh., 213; 'Bpyle v. Zacharie 
 and Turner, 6 Pet., 348; 'Gassies v. Ballon, 6 Pet., 761; = Beers et 
 al. V. Haughton, 9 Pet., 329; =Suydafti et al. v. Broadnax, 14 Pet., 
 67; =Cook V. Moffat et al., 5 How., 295; 'Dred Scott v. Sandford, 
 19 How., 393; 'Nishimura Ekiu v. U. S., 142 U. S., 651; ^ Hanover 
 Bank v. Moyses, 186 U. S., 181; ^Holmgren v. IT. S., 217 U. S., 509; 
 Johannessen v. U. S., 225 U. S. 227. 
 
 'To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign 
 Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; 
 
 Briscoe v. The Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 11 Pet., 
 257; Fox V. The State of Ohio, 5 How., 410; United States v. Mari-r 
 gold, 9 How., 560; Ling Su Pan v. U. S., 218 U. S., 302. 
 
 'To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securi- 
 ties and current Coin of the United States; 
 
 Fox V. Ohio, 5 How., 410; U. S. v. Marigold, 9 How., 560. 
 'To establish Post OfiSces and post Roads; 
 
 State of Pennsylvania v. The Wheeling and Belmont Bridge 
 Company, i8 How., 421; Pensacola Telegraph Co. v. W. U. 
 Tel. Co., 96 U. S., i; Ex Parte Jackson, 96 U. S., 727; In re Rapier, 
 143 U. S., no; Homer v. U. S., 143 U. S., 207; In re Debs, Petitioner, 
 158 U. S., 564; Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Illinois, 163 U. S., 
 142; Gladsonz/. Minnesota, 166 U. S., 427; Public Clearing House v. 
 Coyne, 194 U. S., 497; W. U. Tel. Co. v. P. R. R. Co., 185 U. S., 
 540; Martin v. Pittsburg & Lake Erie R. R. Co., 203 U. S., 284; 
 Mississippi R. R. Commission v. Ills. C. H. R. Co., 203 U. S., 335; 
 Rearick v. Penn., 203 U. S., 507; N. Y. ex rel. Hatch v. Reardon, 
 204 U. S., 152; Delamater v. So. Dak., 205 U. S., 93; Iroquois 
 Co. V. De Laney Co., 205 U. S., 354; Adams Ex. Co. v. Ky.,206 
 U. S., 129-139; Battle v. U. S., 209 U. S., 36. 
 
 ° To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by secur- 
 ing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive 
 Right to their respective "Writings and Discoveries; 
 
 Grant etal. v. Raymond, 6 Pet., 218; Wheaton et al. v. Peters 
 et al., 8 Pet., 591; Trade-mark Cases, 100 U. S., 82; Burrow Giles 
 Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, in U. S., 53; United States v. Duell, 
 172 U. S., 576; Allen v. Riley, 203 U. S., 347; Martin v. Pittsburg 
 & Lake Erie R. R. Co., 203 U. S., 284; Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus, 
 210 U^S., 339; Cortinental Paper Bag Co. v. Easton Paper Bag Co., 
 210 U. S., 405; Hills & Co., Ltd. V. Hoover, 220 U. S., 329. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 15 
 
 'To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; 
 ""To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on 
 the high Seas, and Offenses against the I<aw of Nations; 
 
 U. S. V. Palmer, 3 Wh., 610; U. S. v. Wiltberger, 5 Wh., 76; U.S. 
 V. Smith, 5 Wh., 153; U. S. v. Pirates, 5 Wh., 184; U. S. v. Ari- 
 zona, 120 TJ. S., 479. 
 
 "To declare War, grant I,etters of Marque and Reprisal, and 
 make Rules concerning Captures on I^and and Water; 
 
 Brown v. United States, 8 Cr., no; American Insurance Com- 
 pany et al. z/. Canter (356 bales cotton ) , i Pet. ,511; Mrs. Alexander' s 
 Cotton, 2 Wall., 404; Miller v. United! States, 11 Wall., 268; Tyler v. 
 Defrees, II Wall., 331; Stewart z/. Kahn, 11 Wall., 493; Hamilton z/. 
 Dillon, 21 Wall., 73; Lamar, ex., v. Browne et al., 92 U. S., 187; 
 Mayfield v. Richards, 115 U. S., 137; The Chinese Exclusion 
 Cases, 130 U. S., 581; Mormon Church v. United States, 136 U. S., 
 i; Nishunura Ekiu v. The United States, 142 U. S., 651. 
 
 "To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money 
 to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; 
 
 Crandall v. State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; Nishimura Ekiu v. 
 The United States, 142 U. S., 651. 
 
 ''To provide and maintain a Navy; 
 
 United States v. Bevans, 3 Wh., 336] Dynes v. Hoover, 20 
 How., 65. 
 
 '■•To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the 
 land and naval Forces; 
 
 '^To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the I^aws 
 
 of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; 
 
 Houston V. Moore, 5 Wh., i; Martin v. Mott, 12 Wh., 19; Luther 
 V. Borden, 7 How., i; Crandall v. State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; 
 Texas v. White, 7 Wall., 700. 
 
 '"To provide for organizing, arming, and discipHning the 
 Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be em- 
 ployed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the 
 States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the 
 Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline 
 prescribed by Congress; 
 
 Houston V. Moore, 5 Wh., i; Martin v. Mott, 12 Wh., 19; Luther 
 V. Borden, 7 How., i; Presser v. Illinois, 116 U, S., 252, 
 
i6 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 "To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, 
 over sucli District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by 
 Cession of particular States; and the acceptance of Congress, 
 become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to 
 exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Con- 
 sent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, 
 for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock- Yards, and 
 other needful Buildings; — And 
 
 Hepburn et al. v. Ellzey, 2 Cr., 444; Lougliborough v. Blake, 5 
 Wh., 317; Cohens z/. Virginia, 6 Wh., 264; American Insurance 
 Company v. Canter (356 bales cotton), i Pet., 511; Kendall, Post- 
 master-General, V. The United States, 12 Pet., 524; United States v. 
 Dewitt, 9 Wall., 41; Dunphy v. Kleinsmith et al., 11 Wall., 610; 
 Willard v. Presbury, 14 Wall., 676; Kohl et al. v. United States, 
 91 U. S., 367; Phillips v. Payne, 92 U. S., 130; United States v. 
 Fox, 94 U. S., 315; National Bank v. Yankton County, loi U. S., 
 129; Fort Leavenworth R. R. Co. v. l/owe, 114 U. S., 525; Gib- 
 bons V. District of Columbia, 116 U. S., 404; Van Brocklin z/. 
 State of Tennessee, 117 U. S., 151; Stoutenburgh v. Hennick, 
 129 U. S., 141; Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U, S., 258; Benson v. United 
 States, 146 U. S., 325; Shoemaker v. United States, 147 U. S., 282; 
 Chappell V. United States, 160 U. S., 499; Ohio v. Thomas, 173 
 U. S., 276; Wight V. Davidson, 181 U. S., 371; Battle v. United 
 States, 209 U. S.,35; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Chiles, 214 
 U. S., 274; El Paso & Northeastern Ry. Co. v. Gutierrez, 215 
 U. S., 87. 
 
 ''To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for 
 
 carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other 
 
 Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the 
 
 United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. 
 
 McCulloch V. The State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Wayman v. 
 Southard, 10 Wh., i; Bank of United States v. Halstead,'io Wh., 
 51; Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wall., 603; National 3ank v. Common- 
 wealth, 9 Wall., 353; Thomson v. Pacific Railroad, 9 Wall., 579; 
 Parker v. Davis, 12 Wall., 457; Railroad Company v. Johnson, 15 
 Wall., 195; Railroad Company v. Peniston, 18 Wall., 5; United 
 States V. Fox, 95 U. S., 670; United States v. Hall, 98 U. S., 343; 
 Tennessee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; Ex parte Curtis, 106 U. S., 371; 
 Legal Tender Case, 110 U. S., 421; In re Coy, 127 U. S., 731; Stout- 
 enburgh V. Hennick, 129 U. S., 141; Chinese Ex. Case, 130 U. S.; 
 581; Crenshaw v. United States, 134 U. S., 99; In re Neagle,- 135 
 U. S., i; Cherokee Nation v. Southern Kansas R. R., 135 U. S., 641; 
 St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Ry. Co. v. Phelphs, 137 U. S., 
 528; Nishimura Ekiu v. The United States, 142 U. S., 651; Homer v. 
 United States,. 143 U. S., 570; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; Logan 
 V. United States, 144 U. S., 263; Fong-Yue Ting z/. United States, 
 149 U. S., 698; Lees v. United States, 150 U. S., 476; Luxton v. 
 North River Bridge Co., 153 U. S., 529; Erie R. Rd. v. Penna., 153 
 U. S., 628; Postal Tel. Cable Co. v. Charleston, 153 U. S., 692; In- 
 
Constitution of the United States. 17 
 
 terstate Com. Com. v. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; Clune v. United 
 States, 159 U. S., 590; In re KoUock, 165 U. S., 526; Camfield v. 
 United States, 167 U. S., 518; Motes v. United States, 178 U. S., 
 458; Buttfield V. Stranahan, 192 U.S., 470; Felsenheld v. United 
 States, 186 U, S., 126; Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S., 46. 
 
 Section 9. 'The Migration or Importation of such Persons as 
 any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall 
 not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand 
 eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on 
 such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. 
 
 Dred Scott v. Sanford, 19 How., 393; Oceanic Navigation Co. v. 
 Stranahan, 214 U. S., 320. 
 
 ' The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be 
 suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the 
 public Safety may require it. 
 
 United States v. Hamilton, 3 Dall., 17; Hepburn et al. v. Ellzey, 
 2 Cr., 445; Ex parte BoUman and Swartwout, 4 Cr., 75; Ex parte 
 Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; Ex parte Tobias Watkins, 3 Pet., 192; Ex parte 
 Milburn, 9 Pet., 704; Holmes v. Jennison et al., 14 Pet., 540; Ex 
 parte Dorr, 3 How., 103; Luther v. Borden, 7 How., i; Ablemanz;. 
 Booth and United States v. Booth, 21 How., 506; Ex parte Vallan- 
 digham, i Wall., 243; Ex parte Mulligan, 4 Wall., 2; Ex parte 
 McCardle, 7 Wall., 506; Ex parte Yerger, 8 Wall., 85; Tarble's 
 Case, 13 Wail., 397; Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall., 163; Ex parte Parks, 
 93 U. S., 18; Ex" parte Karstendick, 93 U. S., 396; Ex parte Vir- 
 ginia, roo U. S., 339; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., i; In re Duncan, 
 139U. S.,449; In re Frederick, 149 U. S., 70; United States z*. Sing 
 Tuck, 194 U. S., 161; United States v. Ju Toy. 198 U. S., 253; 
 Carfer v. Caldwell, 200 U. S., 293; Fisher zi. Baker, 203 U. S., ,174; 
 McNichols V. Pease, 207 U. S., 100; Armour Packing Co. v. United 
 States, 209 U. S., 56. 
 
 ^ No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto I,aw shall be passed. 
 
 Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cr., 87; Ogden v. Saunders, 12 Wh., 213; 
 Watson et al. v: Mercer, 8 Pet., 88; Carpenter et al. v. Common- 
 -wealth of Pennsylvania, 17 How., 456; Ijocke v. New Orleans, 4 
 Wall., 172; Cummings v. The State of Missomi, 4 Wall., 277; Ex 
 parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Drehman v. Stifle, 8 Wall., 595; Klin- 
 ger V. State of Missouri, 13 Wall., 257; Pierce v. Carskadon, 16 
 Wall., 234; Hopt V. Utah, no U. S., 547; Holden v. Minnesota, 137 
 U. S., 483; Cook V. United States, 138 U. S., 157; Neely v. Henkel 
 (No. i), iSo U. S., 109; Southwestern Coal Co. v. McBride, 185 
 U. S., 499; Delamater v. South Dakota, 205 U. S., 93; Johannessen 
 V. U. S., 225 U. S., 227. 
 97309°— S. Doc. 12, 63-1 2 
 
i8 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 *^No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in 
 
 Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed 
 
 to be taken. 
 
 License Tax Cases, 5 Wall., 462; Springer v. United States, 102 
 U. S., 586; Pollock V. Fanners' Loan & Trust Co., 157 U. S., 429; 
 Nicol V. Ames, 173 U. S., 50?; Thomas v. United States, 192 U. S., 
 363; Spreckles Sugar Refining Co. v. McClain, 192 U. S., 397; 
 South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437. 
 
 5 No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any- 
 State. 
 
 Cooley V. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia, 12 How., 
 299; Pace V. Burgess, collector, 92 U. S., 372; Turpin v. Burgess, 
 117 U. S., 504; Pittsburg & Southern Coal Co. v. Bates, 156 U. S., 
 577; Nichols V. Ames, 173 U. S., 509; Williams v. Fears, 179 U. S., 
 270; DeLimaz'. Bidwell, 182 U. S., i; Dooley v. United States, 183 
 U. S., 151; Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 
 176; Cornell v. Coyne, 192 U. S., 418; South Carolina v. United 
 States, 199 U. S., 437; Armour Packing Co. v. United States, 209 
 U. S., 56. 
 
 'No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Com- 
 merce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: 
 nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to 
 enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 
 
 Cooley V. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia et al., 12 
 How. , 299; State of Pennsylvania v. Wheeling and Belmont Bridge 
 Company et al., 18 How., 421; Munn v. Illinois, 94 U. S., 113; 
 Packet Co. v. St. Louis, 100 U. S., 423; Packet Co. v. Catlettsburg, 
 105 U. S., 559; Spraigue v. Thompson, n8 U. S., 90; Morgan v. 
 Louisiana, 118 U. S., 455; Johnson v. Chicago & Paciiic Elevator 
 Co., H9 U. S., 388; South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S, 437; 
 Armour Packing Co. v. United States, 209 U. S., 56. 
 
 'No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Conse- 
 quence of Appropriations made by I^aw; and a regular State- 
 ment and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all 
 public Money shall be published from time to time. 
 
 ' No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: 
 And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under 
 them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, aTx:ept of 
 any present. Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind what- 
 ever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. 
 
 *See XVI Amendment. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 19 
 
 Section 10. ^ No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, 
 
 or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin 
 
 Money; emit Bills of Credit; ^ make any Thing but gold and 
 
 silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of 
 
 Attainder, ex post facto I^aw," or I^aw impairing the Obligation 
 
 of Contracts,' or grant any Title of Nobflity. 
 
 ^Calder and Wife v. Bull and Wife, 3 Dall., 386; 'Fletcher v. 
 Peck, 6 Cr., 87; 'State of New Jersey v. Wilson, 7 Cr., 164; 'Stur- 
 gis V. Crowninshield, 4 Wh., 122; 'McMillan v. McNeil, 4 Wh., 
 209; 'Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wh., 518; 'Owings v. 
 Speed, 5 Wh., 420; 'Farmers and Mechanics' Bank v. Smith, 6 
 Wh., 131; 'Green et al. v. Biddle, 8 Wh., i; 'Ogden v. Saunders, 
 12 Wh., 213; 'Mason v. Haile, 12 Wh., 370; 'Satterlee v. Matthew- 
 son, 2 Pet., 380; 'Hart v. I,amphire, 3 Pet., 280; ^ Craig et al. v. 
 State of Missouri, 4 Pet., 410; ^Providence Bank v. Billings and 
 Pitman, 4 Pet., 514; ^Byrne v. State of Missouri, 8 Pet., 40; ^Wat- 
 son V. Mercer, 8 Pet., 88; 'Mumma v. Potomac Company, 8 Pet., 
 281; 'Beers v. Haughton, 9 Pet., 329; ^ Briscoe et al. v. The Bank 
 of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 11 Pet., 257; 'The Proprie- 
 tors of Charles River Bridge v. The Proprietors of Warren Bridge, 
 II Pet., 420; 'Armstrong v. The Treasurer of Athens Company, 16 
 Pet., 281; 'Bronson v. Kinzie et al., i How., 311; 'McCracken v. 
 Ilayward, 2 How., 608; 'Gordon v. Appeal Tax Court, 3 How., 
 133; 'State of Maryland v. Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., 3 How., 
 534; 'Neil, Moore & Co. v. State of Ohio, 3 How., 720; 'Cook v. 
 Moffatt, 5 How., 295; 'Planters' Bank v. Sharp et al., 6 How., 301; 
 'West River Bridge Company v. Dix et al., 6 How., 507; 'Craw- 
 ford et al. V. Branch Bank of Mobile, 7 How., 279; 'Woodruff v. 
 Trapnall, 10 How., 190; 'Paup et al. v. Drew, 10 How., 218; 
 ',' Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R. Co. v. Nesbitt et al., 10 How., 
 395; 'Butler et al. v. Pennsylvania, 10 How., 402; ^Darrington et 
 al. V. The Bank of Alabama, 13 How., 12; 'Richmond, etc., R. R. 
 Co. V. The Louise R. R. Co., 13 How., 71; 'Trustees for Vincennes 
 University v. State of Indiana, 14 How., 268; 'Curran v. State of 
 Arkansas et al., 15 How., 304; 'State Bank of Ohio v. Knoop, 16 
 How., 369; ^Carpenter et al. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 
 17 How., 456; 'Dodge v. Woolsey, 18 How., 331; 'Beers v. State 
 of Arkansas, 20 How., 527; 'Aspinwall et al. v. Commissioners of 
 County of Daviess,^ 22 How., 364; 'Rector of Christ Church, Phila- 
 delphia, V. County of Philadelphia, 24 How., 300; 'Howard v. Bug- 
 bee, 24 How., 461; 'Jefferson Branch Bank v. Skelley, I Black, 
 436; 'Franklin Branch Bank v. State of Ohio, i Black, 474; 'Trus- 
 tees of the Wabash and Erie Canal Company v. Beers, 2 Black, 
 448; 'Gilman v. City of Sheboygan, 2 Black, 510; 'Bridge Proprie- 
 tors V. Hoboken Company, i Wall., u6; 'Hawthorne v. Calef, 2 
 Wall., 10; 'The Binghamton Bridge, 3 Wall., 51; 'The Turnpike 
 Company v. The State, 3 Wall., 210; 'Locke v. City of New Orleans, 
 4 Wall., 172; 'Railroad Company v. Rock, 4 Wall., 177; 'Cum- 
 mings V. State of Missouri, 4 Wall., 277; ''Ex parte Garland, 4 
 Wall., 333; 'Von Hoffman v. City of Quincy, 4 Wall., 535; 'Mulli- 
 gan V. Cori3in,7 Wall.,487; 'Furman v. Nichol, 8 Wall., 44; 'Home 
 of the Friendlesss v. Rouse, 8 Wall., 430; 'The Washington Univer- 
 sity V. Rouse, 8 Wall., 439; 'Butz v. City of Muscatine, 8 Wall., 
 575; 'Drehman v. Stifle, 8 Wall., 595; 'Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wall., 
 
20 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 603- 2 Gut V. Tlie State, gWall. , 35; 'Railroad Company v. McClure, 
 10 Wall., 511; 'Parker v. Davis, 12 Wall., 457; = Curtis v. Whiting, 
 13 Wall., 68; ' Pennsylvania College Cases, 13 Wall., 190; » Wil- 
 mington R. R. V. Reid, sheriff, 13 Wall., 264; 'Salt Company v. 
 Bast Saginaw, 13 Wall., 373; 'White v. Hart, 13 Wall., 646; 'Osbom 
 z/. Nicholson etal., 13 Wall., 654; 'RailroadCompanyz'. Johnson, 15 
 Wall. , 195 ; ' Case of the State Tax on Foreign-held Bonds, 15 Wall. , 
 300; 'Tomlinson z/. Jessup, 15 Wall., 454; 'Tomlinson v. Branch, 15 
 Wall., 460; "Miller v. The State, 15 Wall., 478; 'Holyoke Company 
 V. Lyman, 15 Wall., 500; 'Gunn v. Barry, 15 Wall., 610; 'Humphrey 
 V. Pegues, 16 Wall., 244; 'Walker z^. Whitehead, 16 Wall., 314; »Sohn 
 -V. Waterson, 17 Wall., 596; 'Barings v. Dabney, 19 WalL, i; 'Head 
 V. The University, 19 Wall., 526; 'Pacific R. R. Co. v. Maguire, 20 
 Wall., 36; 'Garrison v. The City of New York, 21 Wall., 196; 'Ochil- 
 tree V. The Railroad Company, 21 Wall., 249; 'Wilmington, &c.. 
 Railroad v. King, ex., 91 U. S., 3; 'County of Moultrie v. Rocking- 
 ham Ten Cent Savings Bank, 92 U. S., 631; 'Home Insurance Com- 
 pany V. City Council of Augusta, 93 U. S. , 1 15; ' West Wisconsin R.R. 
 Co. V. Supervisors, 93 U. S., 595; Murray v. Charleston, 96 U. S., 
 432; Edwardsz/. Kearzey, 96U. S.,595; Keith z;. Clark, 97X1. S., 454; 
 Railroad Co. z;. Georgia, 98 U. S. , 359; Sinking Fund Cases, 99 U.S., 
 700; Railroad Co. v. Tennessee, loi U. S., 337; Wright v. Nagle, 
 loi U. S., 791; Stone v. Mississippi, 101 U. S., 814; Railroad Co. v, 
 Alabama, loi U. S., 832; Ivouisiana v. New Orleans, loi U. S., 203; 
 Hall V. Wisconsin, 103 U. S., 5; Pennyman's Case, 103 U. S., 714; 
 Guaranty Co. v. Board of Liquidation, 105 U. S., 622; Greenwood v. 
 Freight Co., 105 U. S., 13; Kring v. Missouri, 107 U. S., 221; Louisi- 
 ana V. New Orleans, 109 U. S., 285; Gilfillan v. Union Canal Co., 109 
 U. S., 401; Nelson v. St. Martin's Parish, iii U. S., 716; Chic. Life 
 Ins. Co. V. Needles, 113 U. S., 574; Virginia Coupon Cases, 114 U. S., 
 270; Allen, Auditor, etal., v. B. & O. R. R. Co., 114 U. S.', 311; 
 Amy V. Shelby Co., 114 U. S., 387; Effinger v. Keimey, 115 U. S., 
 566; N. Orleans Gas Co. v. La. Light Co., 115 U. S., 650; N. 
 Orleans Water Works v. Rivers, 115 U. S., 674; Louisville Gas 
 Co. V. Citizens' Gas Co., 115 U. S., 683; Fisk v. Jefferson Police Jury, 
 116U.S., 131; Stone zi. Farmers' Loan and Trust Co., 116 U.S., 307; 
 Stone V. 111. Central R. R. Co., 116 U. S., 347; Royall v. Virginia, 
 116 U. S., 572; St. Tammany Water Works v. N. Orleans Water 
 Works, 120 U. S., 64; Church v. Kelsey, 121 U. S., 282; Lehigh 
 Water Co. v. Easton, 121 U. S., 388; Seibert v. Lewis, 122 U. S., 
 284; N. Orleans Water Works v. La. Sugar Ref. Co., 125 U. S., 18; 
 Maynard v. Hill, 125 U. S., 140; Jaehne v. N. Y., 128 U. S., 189; 
 Denny v. Bennett, 128 U. S., 489; Chinese Ex. Case, 130 U. S., 588; 
 Williamson v. N. J., 130 U. S., 189; Hunt v. Hunt, 131 U. S., clxv; 
 Freeland z/. Williams, 131 U. S., 405; Campbell v. Wade, 134 U. S., 
 34; Penna. R. Rd. Co. v. Miller, 134 U. S., 75; Hans v. Louisiana, 
 134 U. S., i; North Carolina v. Temple, 134 U. S., 22; Crenshaw v. 
 U. S., 134 U. S., 99; Louisiana ex rel. The N. Y. Guaranty and In- 
 demnity Co. V. Steele, 134 U. S. , 280; Minneapolis Eastern Rwy. Co. 
 V. Minnesota, 134 U. S., 467; Hill v. Merchants' Ins. Co., 134 U. S., 
 515; Medley, petitioner, 134 U. S., 160; Cherokee Nation v. Kansas 
 Ry. Co., 135 U. S., 641; Virginia Coupon Cases, 135 U. S., 662; Mor- 
 mon Church V. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; Wheeler v. Jackson, 137 U. S., 
 245; Holden v. Minnesota, 137 U. S., 483; Sioux City Street Rail- 
 way Co. V. Sioux City, 138 U. S., 98; Cook v. U. S., 138 U. S., 157; 
 Belmont Bridge Co. v. Wheeling Bridge Co., 138 U. S., 287; Cook 
 County V. Calumet and Chicago Canal Co., 138 U. S., 635; Pen- 
 noyer v. McConnaughy, 139 U. S., i; Scotland County Court v. 
 Hill, 139 U. S., 41; Scott V. Neely, 139 U. S., 106; Essex Public 
 Road Board v. Shinkle, 140 U. S., 334; Stein v. Bienville Water 
 
Constitution of the United States. 21 
 
 Supply Co., 141 U. S., 57; Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson, 
 141 U. S., 679; New Orleans v. N. O. Water Wks, 142 U. S., 79; 
 Pacific Ex. Co. V. Seibert, 142 U. S., 339; N. O. City & Lake R. Rd. 
 Co. V. New Orleans, 143 U. S., 192; Winona & St. Peter R. Rd. Co. 
 f. Plainview, 143U. S.,371; Louisville Water Co. z/. Clark, 143 U.S., 
 i; N. Y. V. Squire, 145 U. S., 175; Brown v. Smart, 145 U.. S., 454; 
 Baker's Exrs. v. Kilgore, 145 U. S., 487; Morley v. Lake Shore & 
 Mich. Southern Ry. Co., 146 U. S., 162; Hamilton, Ga., Ltd., Coke 
 Co. V. Hamilton, 146 U. S. , 258; Wilmington &Weldon R. Rd. Co. v. 
 Alsbrook, 145 U. S., 279; Butleyz/. Gorley, 146 U. S.,303; Ills. Cent. 
 R. Rd. V. Ills., 146 XJ. S., 387; Morley v. Lake Shore & Mich. So. 
 Rwy. Co., 146 U. S., 162; Hamilton Gas L't Co. v. Hamilton City, 
 146 U. S., 258; Wil. & Wei. R. R. Co. v. Alsbrook, 146 U. S., 279 j 
 111. Cent. R. Rd. Co. v. Illinois, 146 U. S., 387; Bier v. McGehee. 
 148 U. S., 137; Schurz V. Cook, 148 U. S., 397; Eustis v. BoUes, 150 
 U. S., 361; Duncan v. Missouri, 152 U. S., 377; Israel v. Arthur, 
 152 TJ. S., 355; New Orleans v. Benjamin, 153 U. S., 411; Eagle 
 Ins. Co. V. Ohio, 153 U. S., 446; Erie R. Rd. v. Penna., 153 U. S., 
 628; Mobile & Ohio R. Rd. v. Tenn., 153 U. S., 486; Pittsburgh & 
 So. Coal Co. V. La., 156 U. S., 590; U. S. ex rel. Siegel v. Thoman, 
 156 U. S., 353; City and Lake R. Rd. v. N. O., 157 U. S., 219; 
 Central Land Co. v. Laidley, 159 U. S., 103; Winona & St. Peter 
 Land Co. v. Minn., 159 U. S., 528; Bank of Commerce f. Tenn., 
 161 U. S., 134; Baltzer v. N. C, 161 U. S., 240; Pearsall v. Great 
 Northern Ry. Co., i6i U. S., 646; Louisville, &c., R. R. Co. v. Ken- 
 tucky, 161 U. S., 677; Woodruff V. Miss., 162 U. S., 291; Gibson v. 
 Miss., 162 U. S., 565; Bamitz v. Beverly, 163 U. S.; 118; Hanford 
 V. Davies, 163 U.S., 273; Covington, &c., Turnpike Co. z/. Sanford, 
 164 U. S., 578; St. Louis, &c., Ry. Co. v. Mathews, 165 U. S., i; 
 Allgeyer v. Louisiana, 165 U. S., 578; Grand Lodge v. New Orleans, 
 166 U. S., 143; Long Island, &c., Co. v. Brooklyn, 166 U. S., 6855 
 Shapleigh v. San Angelo, 167 U. S., 646; Water Power Co. v. Water 
 Commissioners, 168 U. S., 349; Douglas v. Kentucky, 168 U. S., 
 488; Hawker v. New York, 170 U. S., 189; Galveston, &c., Ry. 
 Co. V. Texas, 170 U. S., 226; Houston, &c., Ry. Co. v. Texas, 170 
 U. S., 243; Williams v. Eggleston, 170 U. S., 304; Thompson v. 
 Utah, 170 U. S., 343; Chicago, &c., R. R. Co. v. Nebraska, 170 
 U. S., 57; Laclede Gas Light Co. v. Murphy, 170 U. S., 78; Louis- 
 ville Water Co. V. Kentuckj', 170 U. S., 127; Thompson v. Missouri, 
 171 U. S., 380; Walla Walla v. Walla Walla Water Co., 172 
 U. S., i; McCuUough v. Va., 172 U. S., 102; Covington z/. Ken- 
 tucky, 173 U. S., 231; Citizens Savings Bank v. Owensboro, 
 173 U. S., 636; Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson City, 173 
 U. S,, 592; Adirondack Ry. v. New York, 176 U. S., 335; Walsh 
 V. Columbus, &c., R. R. Co., 176 U. S., 469; Looker v. May- 
 nard, 179 U. S., 46; Stearns v.Mhm., 179 U. S., 223; McDonald 
 V. Massachusetts, 180 U. S., 311; St. Paul Gas Light Co. v. St. 
 Paul, 181 U. S., 142; Bedford v. Eastern, &c.. Association, 181 
 U. S., 227; Red River Valley Bank v. Craig, 181 U. S., 548; Mal- 
 lett V. North Carolina, 181 U. S., 5.89; Knoxville Iron Co. v. Har- 
 bison, 183 U. S., 13; Orr V. Oilman, 183 U. S., 278; Louisville, &c., 
 R. R. Co. V. Kentucky, 183 U. S., 503; Wilson v. Iseminger, 185 
 U. S., 55; Vicksburg Waterworks Co. v. Vicksburg, 185 U. S., 65; 
 Northern Central Ry. Co. v. Maryland, 187 U. S., 258; Oshkosh 
 Waterworks Co. v. Oshkosh, 187 U. S., 437; Transportation Co. v. 
 Mobile, 187 U. S., 479; Diamond Glue Co. v. U. S. Glue Co., 187 
 U. S., 611; Weber v. Rogan, 188 U. S., 10; Blackstone v. Miller, 
 188 U. S., 189; Reetz v. Michigan, 188 U. S., 505; Waggoner v. 
 Flack, 188 U. S., 595; Zane ». Hamilton County, 189 U. S., 370; 
 Knoxville Water Co. v. Knoxville, 189 U. S., 434; Joplin v. Light 
 
22 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Co 191 U. S., 150; Owensboro v. Owensboro, Waterworks Co., 191 
 U S 358; Wisconsiu & Michigan Ry. Co. v. Powers, 191 U. S., 
 ^79- Deposit Bank v. Frankfort, 191 U. S., 499! Citizens Bank v. 
 Parker, 192 U. S., 73; Stanislaus County v. San Joaquin C. & I. Co., 
 192 U. S., 201; Grand Rapids & Indiana Ry. Co. v. Osborn, 193 
 U. S., 17; Underground Railroad v. City of New York, 193 U. S., 
 416- Newburyport Water Co. v. Newburyport, 193 U. S., 561; Na- 
 tional Mutual B. & L. Assn. v. Brahan, 193 U. S., 635; Wright v. 
 Minn. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 193 U. S., 657; Peoples Gas Light & 
 Coke Co. V. Chicago, 194 U. S., i; Pacific Blectric Ry. Co. v. Los 
 Angeles, 194 U. S., 112; Hooker v. Burr, 194 U. S., 415; Cleveland 
 V. Cleveland City Ry. Co., 194 U. S., 517; Bradley v. Lightcap, 195 
 U. S., i; Helena, &c., Co. v. Helena, 195 U. S., 383; Rooney v. 
 North Dakota, 196 U. S., 319; Worcester v. Street Ry. Co., 196 
 XJ. S., 539; Dawson v. Columbia Trust Co., 197 U. S., 178; Savan- 
 nah, &c., Ry. V. Savannah, 19S U. S., 392; Knights of Pythias v. 
 Meyer, 198 U. S., 508; Metropolitan Street Ry. Co. v. New York, 
 199 XJ. S., i; Brooklyn City R. R. Co. v. New York, 199 U. S., 48; 
 Kies V. Lowrey, 199 XJ. S., 233; Tampa Water Works v. Tampa, 
 199 XJ. S., 241; Graham z/. Folsom, 200 XT. S., 248; West Chicago 
 R. R. V. Chicago, 201 U. S., 506; Cleveland v. Cleveland Electric 
 Ry., 201 ,U. S., 529; Powers v. Detroit, &c., Ry., 201 XJ. S., 543; 
 Devine v. Los Angeles, 202 XT. S., 313; Vicksburg v. Waterworks 
 Co., 202 XJ. S., 453; National Council v. State Council, 203 XT. S., 
 151; Mercantile Trust Co. v. Columbus, 203 XJ. S., 311; Ofiield v. 
 N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., 203 U. S., 372; Fair Haven R. R. v. 
 New Haven, 203 U. S., 379; American Smelting Co. v. Colorado, 
 204 U. S., 103; Cleveland R. R. Co. v. Cleveland, 204 XJ. S., 
 116; Rochester R. R. Co. v. Rochester, 205 U. S., 236; Chan- 
 ler V. Kelsey, 205 U. S., 466; Smith v. Jennings, 206 U. S., 276; 
 Vicksburg z/. Vicksburg Water Works Co., 206 U. S.,495; Bern- 
 heimer v. Converse, 206 U. S., 516; Sauer v. New York, 206 U. S., 
 536; Hunter v. Pittsburg, 207 XJ. S., 161; Polk v. Mutual Reserve 
 Assn., 207 XJ. S., 310; Bank of Ky. v. Ky., 207 XJ. S., 258; Water, 
 Light & Gas Co. v. Hutchinson, 207 U. S., 385; Sullivan v. Texas,' 
 207 U. S.,' 416; Braxton County Court z/. W. Va. ex rel. Dillon, 208 
 XJ. S., 192; Cosmopolitan Club v. Va., 208 XJ. S., 378; Jetton v. 
 University of the South, 208 U. S., 489; N. P. R. R. Co. v. Min- 
 nesota ex rel. Duluth, 208 U. S., 583; Hudson County Water Co. 
 V. McCarter, 209 U. S., 349; Yazoo & Miss. R. R. Co. v. Vicksburg, 
 209 U. S., 358; Mobile, J. &K. C. R. R. Co. v. Miss., 210 U. S., 187; 
 St. Louis V. United Railways Co., 210 U. S., 266; Berea College v. 
 Ky., 211 U. S.,45; Home Tel. Co. v. Los Angeles, 211 U. S., 265;- 
 McLean v. Arkansas, 211 U. S., 539; Hammond Packing Co. v. 
 Arkansas, 212 U. S., 322; Des Moines v. City Ry. Co., 214 U. S., 
 179; St. P., M. & M. Ry. Co. v. Minn., 214 U. S., 497; Hubert v. 
 New Orleans, 215 U. S., 170; Scott County Road Co. v. Hines, 215 
 U. S., 336; Henley v. Myers, 215 U. S., 373; Minneapolis v. Street 
 Ry. Co., 215 U, S., 417; G. N. Ry. Co. v. Minnesota, 216 U. S. 206; 
 G. W. Ry. Co. V. Minnesota, 216 U. S., 234; M. P. Ry. Co. v. Kansas, 
 216 U. S., 262; Wright V. Ga. R. R. & Banking Co., 216 U. S., 420; 
 Frellsen & Co.. v. Crandell, 217 U. S., 71; Ling Su Fan v. U. S., 
 
 218 U. S., 302; Ark. So. Ry. Co. v. La. & Ark. Ry. Co., 218 U. S., 
 431; Griffith V. Connecticut, 218 U. S., 563; Noble State Bank v. 
 Haskell, 219 U. S., 104; Shallenberger v. First State Bank, 219 
 U. S., 114; Ky. Union Co. v. Ky., 219 U. S., 140; House v. Mayes, 
 
 219 U. S., 270; L. & N. R. R. Co. V. Mottley, 219 U. S., 467; C, 
 B. & Q. R. R. Co. V. McGuire, 219 U.S., 549; J. W. Perry Co. v. 
 Norfolk, 220 U.S., 472; Shawnee Sewerage & Drainage Co. V. 
 
21 
 
 Constitution of the United States. 23 
 
 Stearns, 220 U. S., 462; G. T. W. Ry. Co. v: Indiana R. R. Comm., 
 221 U. S., 400; Texas & N. O. R. R. Co. v. Gross, 221 U. S., 417; Fifth 
 Avenue Coach Co. v. N. Y., 221 U. S., 467; B. & O. R. R. Co. v. 
 Interstate Com. Comm., 221 U. S., 612; Second Employers' Lia- 
 bility Cases, 223 U. S., i; City of Cincinnati v. L. & N. R. R. Co., 
 223 U. S., 390; Reitler v. Harris, 223 U. S., 437; Consumers' Co. v. 
 Hatch, 224 U. S., 148; Cross Lake Club v. La., 224 U. S., 632; Louis- 
 ville V. Cumberland Tel. Co., 224 U. S., 649. 
 
 'No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay 
 anj' Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, excgpt what 
 may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection I^aws: 
 and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any 
 State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treas- 
 ury of the United States; and all such I^aws shall be subject to 
 the Revision and Control of the Congress. 
 
 McCuUoch V. Md., 4 Wh., 316; Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wh., i; 
 Brown v. Md., 12 Wh., 419; Mager v. Grima et al., 8 How., 490; 
 Cooley V. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia et al., 12 
 How., 299; Almy v. Cal., 24 How., 169; License Tax Cases, 5 
 Wall., 462; Crandall v. State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; Waring v. 
 The Mayor, 8 Wall., no; Woodruff v. Perham, 8 Wall., 123; Hin- 
 son V. Lott, 8 Wall., 148; State Tonnage Tax Cases, 12 Wall., 
 204; State Tax on Railway Gross Receipts, 15 Wall., 284; Inman 
 S. S. Co. V. Tinker, 94 U. S., 238; Cook v. Pa., 97 U. S., 566; Packet 
 Co. z*. Keokuk, 95 U. S., 80; Turner v. Md., 107 U. S., 38; Peo- 
 ple z/. CompagnieGen^raleTransatlantique, 107 U. S.,59; Brown v. 
 Houston, 114 U. S., 622; Coe v. Errol, 116 U. S., 517; Turpin v. 
 Burgess, 117 U. S., 504; Pittsburgh & So. Coal Co. v. Bates, 156 
 U. S., 577; Pittsburgh & So. Coal Co. v. La., 156 U. S., 590; Scott 
 V. Donald, 165 U. S., 58; Patapsco Guano Co. v. N. C, 171 XJ. S., 
 345; May & Co. v. New Orleans, 178 U. 6., 496; Dooley v. U. S., 
 183 U. S., 151; Cornell v. Coyne, 192 XJ. S., 418; Am. Steel & 
 Wire Co. z/.- Speed, T92 U. S., .500; D., L. & W. R. R. Co. v. Pa., 
 198 V. S., 341; New Mexico ex rel. McLean v. Denver & R. G. 
 R. R. Co., 203 XJ. S., 38; N. Y. ex rel. Burke v. Wells, 208U. S., 
 14; Selliger v. Ky., 213 XJ. S., 200. 
 
 'No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any 
 
 duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, 
 
 enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or 
 
 with a foreign Power, or engage 'in War, unless actually 
 
 invaded, or in . such imminent Danger as will not admit of 
 
 delay. 
 
 Green v. Biddle, 8 Wh., 1; Poole et al. v. The Lessee of Fleeger 
 et al., II Pet., 185; Cooley v. Board of Wardens of Port of PhUadel- 
 phia'et al., 12 How., 299; Peete v. Morgan, 19 Wall., 581; Cannon v. 
 New Orleans, 20 Wall., 577; Inman S. S. Co. v. Tinker, 94 XJ. S., 
 238; Packet Co. v. Keokuk, 95 XJ. S., 80; Transportation Co. v. 
 Wheeling, 99 U. S., 273; Packet Co. v. St. Louis, 100 U. S., 423; 
 Vicksburg v. Tobin, 100 XJ. S., 430; Packet Co. v. Catlettsburg, 
 105 XJ, S., 559; Wiggins Ferry Co. z/. East St. Louis, 107, XJ. S., 
 
24 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 %(,<i- Transportation Co. v. Parkersburg, 107 U. S., 691; Presser v. 
 lUmois, 116 U. S., 252; Morgan v. La., 118 U. S., 45S; Hnse z/. 
 Glover, 119 U. S., 543! Ouachita Packet Co. v. Aiken, 121 U. S., 
 444; lAdiana v. Ky., 136 U. S., 479; Harmon v. Chicago, 147 
 US 396; Va. V. Tenn., 148 U. S., 503; Wharton zr. Wise, 15J 
 TJ. S., 15s; St. I,., &c., Ry. Co. V. James, 161 U. S., 545- 
 
 ARTlCIvE II. 
 
 Section i. 'The executive Power shall be vested in a Presi- 
 dent of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office 
 during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice- 
 President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: 
 
 'Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the legislature 
 thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole 
 Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State 
 may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Represent- 
 ative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the 
 United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 
 
 Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; I^eitensdorfer et al. v. 
 Webb, 20 How., 176; Ex parte Siebold, 100 U. S., 271; In re Green, 
 134 U. S., 377; McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U. S., i. 
 
 * [The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote 
 "by Ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an 
 Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall 
 make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of 
 Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and 
 transmit sealed to the Seat of the Grovemment of the United 
 States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President 
 of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of 
 Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall 
 then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of 
 Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority 
 of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be 
 more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal 
 Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall im- 
 mediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no 
 Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List 
 
 *This clause has been superseded by the twelfth amendment, p. 46. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 25 
 
 the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But 
 in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, 
 the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quo- 
 rum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members 
 from two- thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States 
 shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice 
 of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of 
 Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there 
 should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate 
 shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice-President.] 
 
 ^The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the 
 Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; 
 which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. 
 
 * No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the 
 United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, 
 shall be eUgible to the Office of President; neither shall any 
 Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to 
 the Age of thirty-five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident 
 within the United States. 
 
 English V. The Trustees of the Sailors' Snug Harbor, 3 Pet., 99. 
 
 5 In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of 
 his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and. 
 Duties of the said Office, the same shall devolve on the Vice 
 President, and the Congress may by I^aw provide for the Case 
 of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the Presi- 
 dent and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act 
 as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the 
 DisabiUty be removed, or a President shall be elected. 
 
 *The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Serv- 
 ices, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor 
 diminished during the Period for which he shall have been 
 elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other 
 Emolument from the United States, or any of them. 
 Pollock V. Farmers' Ivoan & Trust Co., 157 U. S., 429, 
 
26 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 ' Before lie enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take 
 the following Oath or Affirmation:—" I do solemnly swear (or 
 affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President oi 
 the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, 
 protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." 
 In re Neagle, 135 U. S., I. 
 
 SECTION 2. 'The President shall be Commander in Chief of 
 the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia 
 of the several States, when called into the actual Service of 
 the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, 
 of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, 
 upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective 
 Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Par- 
 dons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases 
 of Impeachment. 
 
 United States v. Wilson, 7 Pet., 150; Ex parte William Wells, 18 
 How., 307; Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Armstrong's Foundry, 
 6 Wall., 766; Tie Grape Shot, 9 Wall., 129; United States v. Padel- 
 ford, 9 Wall., 542; United States v. Klein, 13 Wall., 128; Armstrong 
 V. Tlie United States, 13 Wall., 152; Pargoud v. The United States, 
 13 Wall., 156; Hamilton v. Dillin, 21 Wall., 73; Mechanics and 
 Traders' Bank v. Union Bank, 22 Wall., 276; Lamar, ex., v. Browne 
 et al., 92 U. S., 187; Wallach et al. v. Van Riswick, 92 U. S., 202; 
 Eustis V. Holies, 150 U. S., 361. 
 
 'He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Con- 
 sent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of 
 the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by 
 and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint 
 Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of 
 the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, 
 -whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, 
 and which shall be established by I,aw: but the Congress may 
 by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they 
 think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, 
 or in the Heads of Departments. 
 
 Ware v. Hylton et al., 3 Dall., 199; Marburyw. Madison, i Cr., 
 137; United States f. Kirkpatrick, 9 Wh., 720; American Insurance 
 Company z/. Canter (356 bales cotton), i Pet., 511; Foster and Elam 
 V. Neilson, 2 Pet., 253; Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 
 
Constitution of the United States. 27 
 
 Pet., i; Patterson v. Gwinn et al., 5 Pet., 233; Worcester v. State of 
 Georgia, 6 Pet. ,515; City of New Orleans v. De Armas et al. , 9 Pet. , 
 224; Holden v. Joy, 17 Wall., 211; United States v. Germaine, 99 
 U.S., 508; United States v. Corson, 114 U.S., 619; United States «». 
 Perkins, 116 U. S., 483; United States v. Rauscher, 119 U. S., 407; 
 Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; Mormon Church v. United States, 
 X36U.S., i; Horner z;. United States, 143 U. S., 570; Field v. Clark, 
 143 U. S., 649; Shoemaker v. United Sates, 147 U. S. , 282; Parsons v. 
 United States, 167 U. S., 324; Rice v. Ames, 180 U. S., 371; De Lima 
 V. Bidwell, 182 U. S., i; Dooley v. United States, 182 U. S., 222; 
 Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244; Fourteen Diamond Rings v. 
 United States, 183 U. S., 176; Dorr v. United States, 195 U. S., 138; 
 Dick -v. United States, 208 U. S., 340. 
 
 'The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies 
 that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by grant- 
 ing Commissions which shall expire at the Knd of their next 
 Session. 
 
 The United States v. Kirkpatrick et al., 9 Wh., 720. 
 
 Skction ,3. He shall from time to time give to the Con- 
 gress Information of the State of the Union, and recom- 
 mend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge 
 necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, 
 convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disa- 
 greement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjourn- 
 ment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think 
 proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Minis- 
 ters; he shall take Care that the I^aws be faithfully executed, 
 and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. 
 
 Marbury v. Madison, i Cr., 137; Kendall, Postmaster-General; 
 V. The United States, 12 Pet., 524; Luther v. Borden, 7 How., i; 
 The State of Mississippi v. Johnson, President, 4 Wall., 475; Stew- 
 art V. Kahn, 11 Wall., 493; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 1. 
 
 Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil 
 
 Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office 
 
 on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or 
 
 other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. 
 
 Langford v. United States, loi U. S., 341. 
 
 ARTICI<E III. 
 
 Sbction I. The judicial Power of the United States, shall 
 be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts 
 
28 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. 
 
 The Judges, both oif the supreme and inferior Courts, shall 
 
 hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated 
 
 Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall 
 
 not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. 
 
 Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Call., 419; Stuart v. Laird, i Cr., 
 299; United States v. Peters, 5 Cr., 115; Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Cr., 
 264; Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, i Wh., 304; Osborn v. United 
 States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; Benner et al. v. Porter, 9 How., 235; The 
 United States v. Ritchie, 17 How., 525; Murray's Lessee et al. v. 
 Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, 18 How., 272; Ex 
 parte Vallandigham, I Wall., 243; Pennoyer, v. Neff, 95 U. S., 714; 
 United States ». Union Pacific Railroad Co., 98 U. S., 569; Mitch- 
 ell V. Clark, no U. S., 633; Ames z/. Kansas, in U. S., 449; In 
 re Loney, 134 U. S., 373; In re Green, 134 U. S., 377; In re Ross, 
 140 U. S., 453; McAllister v. United States, 141 U. S., 174; Pol- 
 lock V. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 157 U. S., 429; Robertson v. 
 Baldwin, 165 U.S., 275; Downes z/. Bidwell, 182 U.S., 244; Hanover 
 National Bank v. Msyses, 186 U. S., l8i; Turner v. Williams, 194 
 U. S., 279; Ex parte Wisner, 203 U. S., 449; Kansas v. Colorado, 
 206 U. S., 46. 
 
 Sbction 2. 'The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, 
 in I,aw and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the I/aws 
 of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be 
 made, under their Authority; — ^to all Cases affecting Ambas- 
 sadoss, other public Ministers and Consuls; — ^to all Cases of 
 admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; — ^to Controversies to 
 which the United States shall be a Party; — ^o Controversies 
 between two or more States; — ^between a State and Citi- 
 zens of another State; — ^between Citizens of different States; — 
 between Citizens of the same State claiming I<ands under 
 Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citi- 
 zens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. 
 
 Hayburn's Case (note), 2 Dall., 410; Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 
 Dall., 419; Glass et al. v. Sloop Betsey, 3 Dall., 6; United States t). 
 La Vengeance, 3 Dall., 297; HoUingsworth et al. v. Virginia, 3 
 Dall., 378; Mossman, ex., v. Higginson, 4 Dall., 12; Marbury v. 
 Madison, i Cr., 137; Hepburn et al. v. Ellzey, 2 Cr., 444; United 
 States V. Moore, 3 Cr. , 159; Strawbridge et al. v. Curtiss et al. , 3 Cr. , 
 267; Ex parte BoUman and Swartwout, 4 Cr., 75; Rose v. Himely, 
 4 Cr., 241; Chappedelaine et al. v. Dechenaux, 4 Cr., 305; Hope 
 Insurance Company v. Boardman et al., 5 Cr., 57; Bank of United 
 States V. Devaux et al., 5 Cr., 61; Hodgson et al. v. Bowerbank et 
 als., 5 Cr., 303; Owings v. Norwood's Lessee, 5 Cr., 344; Durousseau 
 V. The United States, 6 Cr. , 307; United States v. Hudson and Good- 
 
Constitution of the United States. 29 
 
 win, 7 Cr., 32; Martin v. Hunter, i Wh., 304; Colson et al. v. I,e-wis, 
 2 Wh.., 377; United States v. Bevans, 3 Wh., 336; Cohens v. Vir- 
 ginia, 6 Wh., 264; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; Matthews z*. Zane, 
 7 Wh., 164; Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; United 
 States V. Ortega, 11 Wh., 467; American Insurance Company v. 
 Canter (356 bales cotton), i Pet., 511; Jackson v. Twentyman, 2 
 Pet., 136; Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 Pet., i; State of 
 New Jersey v. State of New York, 5 Pet., 283; Davis v. Packard et 
 al., 6 Pet., 41; United States v. Arredondo et,al., 6 Pet., 691; Davis 
 V. Packard et al., 7 Pet., 276; Breedlove et al. v. Nickolet et al., 7 
 Pet., 413; Brown v. Keene, 8 Pet., 112; Davis v. Packard et al., 8 
 Pet., 312; City of New Orleans v. De Armas et al., 9Pet., 224; The 
 State of Rhode Island v. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 12 
 Pet., 657; The Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 13 Pet., 519; The Commer- 
 cial and Railroad Bank of Vicksburg v. Slocomb et al., 14 Pet., 60; 
 Suydam et al. v. Broadnax, 14 Pet., 67; Prigg v. The Common- 
 wealth of Pennsylvania, 16 Pet., 530; Louisville, Cincinnati and 
 Charleston Railway Company v. Letson, 2 How., 497; Cary et al. 
 V. Curtis, 3 How., 235; Warring v. Clark, 5 How., 441; Luther v. 
 Borden, 7 How., i; Sheldon et al. v. Sill, 8 How., 441; The Pro- 
 peller Genesee Chief v. Pitzhugh et al., 12 How., 443; Fretz et al. 
 V. Ball et al., 12 How., 466; Neves et al. v. Scott et al., 13 How., 
 268; State of Pennsylvania v. The Wheeling, etc., Bridge Company 
 et al., 13 How., 518; Marshall v. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., 
 16 How., 314; The United States v. Guthrie, 17 How., 284; Smith 
 ». State of Maryland, 18 How., 71; Jones etal. v. League, 18 How., 
 76; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken Land and Improvement 
 Company, 18 How., 272; Hyde et al. v. Stone, 20 How., 170; 
 Irvine v. Marshall et al., 20 How., 558; Penn v. Holmes, 21 
 How., 481; Moorewood et al. v. Erequist, 23 How., 491; Com- 
 monwealth of Kentucky v. Dennison, governor, 24 How., 66; 
 Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Company v. Wheeler, i Black, 
 286; The Steamer Saint Lawrence, i Black, 522; The Propeller 
 Commerce, i Black, 574; Ex parte Vallandigham, i Wall., 243; 
 Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., i; The MoseS Taylor, 4 Wall., 411; 
 State of Mississippi v. Johnson, President, 4 Wall., 475; The Hine 
 V. Trevor, 4 Wall., 555; City of Philadelphia v. The Collector, 5 
 Wall., 720; State ,pf Georgia v. Stanton, 6 Wall., 50; Payne v. 
 Hook, 7 Wall., 425; The Alicia, 7 Wall., 571; Ex parte Yerger, 8 
 Wall., 85; Insurance Company v. Dunham, 11 Wall., i; Virginia 
 V. West Virginia, 11 Wall., 39; Coal Company v. Blatchford, 11 
 Wall., 172; Railway Company v. Whitton's Adm., 13 Wall., 270; 
 Tarble's Case, 13 Wall., 397; Blyew et al. v. The United States, 13 
 Wall., 581; Davis v. Gray, 16 Wall., 203; Case of the Sewing Ma- 
 chine Companies, 18 .Wall., 353; Insurance Company v. Morse, 20 
 ^all., 445; Vannevar v. Bryant, 21 Wall., 41; The Lottawanna, 21 
 Wall., 558; Gaines v. Euentes etal., 92 U.S., 10; Miller v. Dows, 
 94 U. S., 444i I?oyle v. Continental Insurance Company, 94 U. S., 
 535; Tennessee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; Baldwin v. Franks, 120 
 U.S., 678; Barronz/. Burnside, 121 U. S., 186; St. Louis, Iron Moun- 
 tain and Southern Railway v. Vickers, 122 U. S. , 360; Chinese Ex. 
 Case, 130 U.S., 581; Brooks z". Missouri, 124 U.S., 394; NewOrleans 
 Waterworks v. Louisiana Sugar Refining Co., 125 U. S., 18; Spen- 
 cer V. Merchant, 125 U. S., 345; 'Dale Tile Mfg. Co. v. Hyatt, 125 
 U. S., 46; Felix V. Scharnweber, 125 U. S., 54; Hannibal and St. 
 Joseph R. R. V. Missouri River Packet Co., 125 U. S., 260; Kreiger 
 V. Shelby R. R. Co., 125 U. S., 39; Craig v. Leitensdorfer, 127 U. S., 
 764; Jones V. Craig, 127 U. S., 213; Wisconsin v. Pelican Ins. Co., 
 127 U, S,, 265; U. S. V. Beebe, 127 U. S., 338; Chinese Ex. Case, 
 
30 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 130 U. S., 581; Lincoln County v. Luning, 133 U. S., 529; Christian 
 V. Atlantic & N. C. R. Rd. Co., 133 U. S., 233; Hausz/. Louisiana, 
 134 U S., i; Louisiana ex rel. The N. Y. Guaranty & Indemnity 
 Co. V. Steele, 134 U. S., 280; Jones v. U. S., 137 U. S., 202; Man- 
 chester V. Mass., 139 U. S., 24b; In re Ross, 140 U. S., 453; In 
 re Garnett, 141 U. S., i; U. S. v. Texas, 143 U. S., 621; Cooke 
 V. Avery, 147 U. S., 375; S. Pac. Co. v. Denton, 146 U. S., 202; 
 La-wton v. Steele, 152 U. S., 133; Interstate Com. Comsn. v. Brin- 
 son, 154 U. S., 447; St. Louis, etc., Ry. Co. v. James, 161 U. S.,545; 
 Hanford v. Davies, 163 U. S., 273; Fallbrook Irrigation District v. 
 Bradley, 164 U. S., 112; In re Lennon, 166 U. S., 548; Meyer v. 
 Richmond, 172 U. S., 82; La Abra Silver Mining Co. v. U. S., 175 
 U. S., 423; Louisiana v. Texas, 176 U. S., i; Western Union Tele- 
 graph Co. V. Ann Arbor R. R. Co., 178 U. S., 239; Smith v. Reeves, 
 
 178 U. S., 436; Motes V. U. S., 178 U. S., 458; Wiley v. Sinkler, 
 
 179 U. S., sS; Missouri z/. Illinois, 180 U.S., 208; Eastern Building 
 Association v. Welling, 181 U. S., 47; De Lima v. BidweU, 182 U. S., 
 i; Dooley v. U. S., 182 U. S., 222; Downes v. BidweU, 182 U. S., 
 244; Fomteen Diamond Rings v. U. S., 183 U. S., 176; TuUock v. 
 Mulvane, 184 U. S., 497; Patton v. Brady, 184 U. S., 608; Vicksburg 
 Waterworks Co. v. Vicksburg, 185 U. S., 65; Kansas v. Colorado, 
 185 U.S., 125; Swafford v. Templeton, 185 U. S., 487; Mobile Trans- 
 portation Co. z;. Mobile, 187 U. S., 479; Andrews v. Andrews, 188 
 U. S., 14; Hooker v. Los Angeles, 188 U.S., 314; Cummingsz;. 
 Chicago, 188 U. S., 410; United States v. Lynah, 188 U. S., 445; 
 Schaefer v. Werling, 188 U. S., 516; Northern Pacific Ry. Co. v. 
 Soderberg, 188 U. S., 526; Hennessy z*. Richardson Drug Co., 189 
 U. S., 25; The Roanoke, 189 U. S., 185; Detroit, &c., Ry, v. Os- 
 born, 189 U. S., 383; Giles v. Harris, 189 U. S., 475; Patterson v. 
 Bark Eudora, 190 U. S., 169; Continental National Bank v. Buford, 
 
 191 U. S., 119; Howard v. Fleming, 191 U. S., 126; Defiance Water 
 Co. V. Defiance, 191 U. S., 184; Arbupkle v. Blackburn, 191 U. S., 
 405; Deposit Bank v. Frankfort, 191 U.S., 499; Spencer z/. Duplan 
 Silk Co., 191 U. S., 526; Wabash R. R. Co. v. Pearce, 192 U.S., 
 179; Rogers v. Alabama, 192 U. S., 226; South Dakota v. Nortii 
 Carolina, 192 U. S_, 286; Bankers' Casualty Co. v. Minn., St. P., 
 &c., Ry., 192 U. S., 371; Spreckels Sugar Refining Co. z/. McClain, 
 
 192 U. S., 397; Underground Railroad v. City of New York, 
 
 193 U. S., 416; Minnesota v. Northern Securities Co., 194 U. S., 
 48; Pacific Electric Ry. Co. v. Los Angeles, 194 U. S., 112; 
 Hooker v. Burr, 194 U. S., 415; Cleveland v. Cleveland City Ry. 
 Co., 194 U. S., 517; Stevenson v. Fain, 195 U. S., 165; Madi- 
 sonville Traction Co. v. St. Bernard Mining Co., 196 U. S., 239; 
 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U. S., 11; Dawson v. Colmnbia 
 Trust Co., 197 U. S., 178; Leonard v. Vicksburg, &c., R. R. Co., 
 198 U. S., 416; Parrell v. O'Brien, 199 U. S., 89; South Carolina z». 
 United States, 199 U. S., 437; Water Co. v. Knoxville, 200 U. S., 
 22; Carter v. Caldwell, 200 U. S., 293; Secfurity Mutual Life Ins. 
 Co. V. Prewitt, 202 U. S., 246; Ex parte Wisner, 203 U. S., 449; 
 Kansas v. United States, 204 U. S., 331; The Winnebago, 205 U. S., 
 354; Sauer v. New York, 206 U. S., 536; Lee v. New Jersey, 207 
 U. S., 67; Old Dominion S. S. Co. v. Gilmore, 207 U. S., 398; 
 In re Moore, 209 U. S., 49°; St. L.,I. M. & S. R. R. Co. v. Taylor, 
 210 U.S., 281; Berea College z/. Kentucky, 211 U. S., 45; North 
 American Cold Storage Co. v. Chicago, 211 U. S., 306; Wilcox v. 
 Consolidated Gas Co., 212 U. S., 19; Bonner v. Gorman, 212 U. S., 
 86; Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas, 212 U. S., 112; American Ex- 
 press Co. V. MuUins, 212 U. S., 311; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
 
Constitution of the United States. 31 
 
 Ry. V. Sowers, 213 U. S., 55; Smithsonian Institution v. St. John, 
 214 U. S., 19; Goodrich v. Ferris, 214 U. S., 71; Adams Express 
 Co. V. Kentucky, 214 U. S., 218; "Western Union Telegraph Co. v. 
 Chiles, 214 XJ. S., 274; Oceanic Steam Navigation Co. v. Stranahan, 
 214 U. S., 320; El Paso & Northeastern Ry. Co. v. Gutierrez, 215 
 U. S., 87; Weems z/. United States, 217 U. S., 349; Muskrat v, 
 U. S., 219 U. S., 346. 
 
 ' In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers 
 
 and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the 
 
 supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the 
 
 other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have 
 
 appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such 
 
 Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall 
 
 make. 
 
 Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Wiscart et al. v. Dauchy, 
 3 Dall., 321; Marbury v. Madison, i Cr., 137; Durousseau et al. v. 
 IXnited States, 6 Cr., 307; Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wh., 304; 
 Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Wh., 234; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; 
 Wayman v. Southard, 10 Wh., ip Bank of the United States v. 
 Halstead, 10 Wh., 51; United States v. Ortega, 11 Wh., 467; The 
 Cherokee Nation v. The State of Georgia, 5 Pet., i; Ex parte Crane 
 et al., 5 Pet., 189; The State of New Jersey v. The State of New 
 York, 5 Pet., 283; Ex parte Sibbald v. United States, 12 Pet., 488; 
 The State of Rhode Island v. The State of Massachusetts, 12 Pet., 
 657; State of Pennsylvania v. The Wheeling, &c. , Bridge Company, 
 13 How., 518; In re Kaine, 14 How., 103; Ableman v. Booth and. 
 United States v. Booth, 21 How., 506; Freeborn v. Smith, 2 Wall., 
 160; Ex parte McCardle, 6 Wall., 318; Ex parte McCardle, 7 
 Wall., 506; Ex parte Yerger, 8 Wall., 85; The Lucy, 8 Wall., 307; 
 The Justices v. Murray, 9 Wall., 274; Pennsylvania v. Quicksilver 
 Company, 10 Wall., 553; Murdock v. City of Memphis, 20 Wall., 
 590; The "Francis Wright," 105 U. S., 381; Bors v. Preston, iii 
 U. S., 252; Ames v. Kansas, iii U. S.,449; Craig v. Leitensdorfer, 
 127 U.S., 764; Wisconsin ». Pelicanlns. Co., 127 U.S. ,265; Clough 
 V. Curtis, 134 U. S., 361; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., i; U. S. -v. Texais, 
 143 U. S., 621; Mobile & Ohio R. Rd. v. Tenn., 153 U. S., 486; 
 Woodruff V. Miss., 162 U. S., 291; McCullough v. Va., 172 U. S., 
 102; Louisiana v. Texas, 176 U. S., i; Missouri v. Illinois & Chicago 
 Dist., 180 U. S., 208; W. W. Cargill Co. v. Minnesota, 180 U. S., 452; 
 Wilkes County v. Coler, 180 U. S., 506; Mallett -v. North Carolina, 
 i8r U. S., 589; Kansas ■». Colorado, 185 U. S., 125; Minnesota v. 
 Hitchcock, 185 U. S., 373; U. S. v. Bitty, 208 U. S., 393; U. S. v. 
 Barber, 219 U. S., 72; Fore River Shipbuilding Co. v Hagg, 219 
 U. S., 175; Virginia v. West Virginia, 220 U. S., i; Oklahoma v. 
 A., T. & S. F., 220 U. S., 277; Oklahoma v. Gulf, Col. & Santa 
 Fe, 220 U. S. , 290. 
 
 ^The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, 
 shall be by Jury ; and such Trial shall be held in the State 
 where the said Crimes shall have been committed ; but when 
 
32 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place 
 
 or Places as the Congress may by I^aw have directed. 
 
 Ex parte Milligan, 4Wall., 2; Barton v. Barbour, 104 U. S., 126; 
 Ex parte Wall., 107 U. S., 265; Callan z-. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; 
 Nashville, Chattanooga, etc.. Railway v. Alabama, 128 U. S., 96; 
 Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Jones »• U. S., 
 137 U. S., 202; Cook V. U. S., 138 U.S., 157; In re Ross, 140 
 U. S.,453; Fong Yu Ting v. U. S., 149 U. S., 698; In re Debs, 
 petitioner, 158 U. S., 564; Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. S., 343; Schick 
 V. U. S., 195 U. S., 65; Dorr v. U. S., 19S U. S., 138; Matter of 
 Strauss, 197 U. S., 324; Manrin v. Trout, 199 U. S., 212; Martin v. 
 Texas, 200 U. S., 316; Tinsley v. Treat, 205 U. S., 20; Annour 
 Packing Co. v. U. S., 209 U. S., 56; Haas v. Henkel, 216 U. S., 462. 
 
 Sbction 3. 'Treason against the United States, shall con- 
 sist only in levying War against them, or, in adhering to their 
 Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be 
 convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses 
 to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. 
 
 United States z*. The Insurgents, 2 Dall., 335; United States v. 
 Mitchell, 2 Dall., 348; Ex parte BoUman and Swartwout, 4 Cr., 75; 
 United States v. Aaron Burr, 4 Cr., 469. 
 
 ■ The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment 
 
 of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption 
 
 of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the I^ife of the Person 
 
 attainted. 
 
 Bigelow V. Forest, 9 Wall., 339; Day v. Micou, 18 Wall., 156; Ex 
 parte Lange, 18 Wall. , 163; Wallach et al. v. Van Riswick, 92 U. S. , 
 202. 
 
 ARTICI.E IV. 
 
 Section i. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each 
 
 State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of 
 
 every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws 
 
 prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceed' 
 
 ings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. 
 
 Mills V. Duryee, 7 Cr., 481; Hampton v. McConnel, 3 Wh,, 
 234; Mayhew v. Thatcher, 6 Wh., 129; Darby's Lessee v. Mayer, 
 ID Wh., 465; U. S. V. Amedy, 11 Wh., 392; Caldwell et al. v. Car. 
 rington's Heirs, 9 Pet., 86; M'Elmoyle v. Cohen, 13 Pet., 312; Bank 
 of Augusta V. Earle, 13 Pet., 519; Bank of Ala. v. Dalton, 9 How., 
 522; D'Arcy v. Ketchum, 11 How., 165; Christmas v. Russell, S 
 Wall., 290; Green z;. Van Buskirk, 7 Wall., 139; Paul z". Va., 8 Wall., 
 168; Board of Public Works v. Columbia College, 17 Wall., 521; 
 Thompson v. Whitman, 18 Wall., 457; Pennoyer i^.Nebb, 95 U, Sm 
 
. Constitution of the United States. 33 
 
 714; Bonaparte v. Tax Court, 104 U. S., 592; Robertson v. Pickrell, 
 109 U. S., 608; Brown et al. v. Houston, collector, et al., 114 U. S., 
 622; Hanley z'. Donoghue, 116 U. S., i; Renaud v. Abbott, 116 U.S., 
 277; Borer v. Chapman, 119 U. S., 587; C. & A. R. R. v. Wiggins 
 Ferry Co., 119 U. S., 615; Cole v. Cunningham, 133 U. S., 107; 
 Blount V. Walker, 134 U. S.,-607; T. & P. Ry. Co. v. S. P. Co., 137 
 U. S., 48; Simmons v. Saul, 138 U. S., 439; Reynolds v. Stockton, 
 140 U. S., 254; Carpenter v. Strange, 141 U. S., 87; Huntington 
 V. Attrill, 146 U. S., 657; Glenn v. Garth, 147 U. S., 360; Laing v. 
 Rigney, 160 U. S., 531; Chicago, &c.,Ry. Co. v. Sturm, 174 U.S., 
 710; Thormann v. Frame, 176 U, S., 350; Hancock Ntl. Bank v. 
 Famum,i76 U. S., 640; Clarke v. Clarke, 178 U. S., 186; CargiU Co. 
 V. Minnesota, 180 U. S., 452; Wilkes County z/. Coler, 180 U. S., 
 506; Johnson z/. N.Y. Life Ins. Co., 187 U. S.,491; Andrews v. An- 
 drews, 188 U. S.,14; Blackstone z;. Miller, 188 U.S., 189; Commer- 
 cial Pub. Co. V. Beckwith, 188 U. S., 567; Finney v. Guy, 189 U. S., 
 335; Anglo-Am. Prov. Co. v. Davis Prov. Co., 191 U. S., 373; Wabash 
 R. R. Co. V. Flannigan, 192 U, S., 29; German Savings Society V. 
 Dormitzer, 192 U. S., 125; Wedding v. Meyler, 192 U. S., 573; Na> 
 tional Mutual B. & L. Assn. v. Brahan, 193 U. S., 635; Minnesota 
 V. No. Securities Co., 194 U. S., 48; National Exc. Bank v. Wiley, 
 195 U. S., 257; Jaster v. Currie, 198 U. S., 144; Harris v. Balk, 198 
 U. S., 215; Harding v. Harding, 198 U. S., 317; L. & N. R. R. v. 
 Deer, 200 U. S., 176; Haddock v. Haddock, 201 U. S., 562; Northern 
 Assurance Co. v. Grand View Bldg. Assn., 203 U. S., 106; Old 
 Wayne Mut. Assn. v. McDonough, 204 U. S., 8; Wetmore v. Kar- 
 rick, 205 U. S., 141; Tilt V. Kelsey, 207 U. S., 43; Leathez/. Thomas, 
 207 U. S., 93; Brown v. Fletcher's Estate, 210 U. S., 82; Fauntleroy 
 V. Lum, 210 U. S., 230; Bagley v. General Fire Extinguisher Co., 
 212 U. S., 477; A., T. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Sowers, 213 U.S., 55; 
 Smithsonian Institution z*. St. John, 214 U. S., 19; Fall v. Eastin, 
 215U. S.,i; Everett z*. Everett, 215 U. S., 203; Olmsted z/. Olmsted, 
 216 U. S., 386; Sistare v. Sistare, 218 U. S., i; Hunter v. Mutual 
 Reserve Life Ins. Co., 218 U. S., 573; West Side R. R. Co. v. Pitts- 
 burgh Construction Co , 219U. S., 92; T. & N. O. R. R. Co. v. Miller, 
 221 U. S., 408; T. & N. O. R. R. Co. V. Gross, 221 U. S., 417; ^na 
 Life Ins. Co. v. Tremblay, 223 U. S., 185; Converse v. Hamilton, 224 
 U.S., 243 ; Bigelow v. Old Dominion Copper Co. , 225 U. S. , 1 1 1. 
 
 Section 2. 'The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to 
 
 all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. 
 
 Bank of United States v. Devereux, 5 Cr., 61; Gassies v. Ballou, 
 6 Pet., 761; Rhode Island v. Mass., 12 Pet., 657; Bank of Au- 
 gusta V. Earle, 13 Pet., 519; Moore v. Illinois, 14 How., 13; Conner 
 et al. V. Elliot et al. , 18 How. , 591 ; Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 How. , 
 393; Crandall v. Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; Woodruff v. Parham, 8 
 Wall., 123; Paul V. Virginia,^8 Wall., 168; Downham z/. Alexandria 
 Council, 10 Wall., 173; Liverpool Insurance Company v. Mass., 10 
 Wall., 566; Ward v. Md., 12 Wall., 418; Slaughterhouse Cases, 16 
 Wall., 36; Bradwell v. The State, 16 Wall., 130; Chemung Bank v. 
 Lowery, 93 U. S., 72; McCready v. Virginia, 94 U. S., 391; Brown 
 V. Houston, 114 TJ. S., 622; Philadelphia Fire Assn. v. N. Y., 119 
 U. S., no; Pembina Mining Co. v. Penna., 125 U. S., 181; ,Kim- 
 mish V. Ball, 129 U. S., 217; Cole v. Cunningham, 133 U. S., 107; 
 Leisy v. Hardin, 135 U. S., 100; Minnesota v. Barber, 136 U. S., 
 313; Manchester v. Mass., 139 U. S., 240; McKane v. Durston, 153 
 
 97309°-rS.. Boc. 12, 63-1—3 
 
34 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 IT. S., 684; Pittsburgh & So. Coal Co. v. Bates, 156 U. S., 577; 
 Vance v. W. A. Vandercook, No. i, 170 U. S., 438; Blake v. Mfc 
 Clung, 172 U. S., 239; Blake v. McClung, 176 U. S., 59; Sully v. 
 Am. Ntl. Bank, 178 U. S., 289; Williams v. Fears, 179 U. S., 270; 
 Reymann Brewing Co. v. Brister, 179 U. S., 445; Travellers Ins. 
 Co. V. Connecticut, 185 U. S., 364; Reid v. Colorado, 187 U. S., 
 137; Chadwick v. Kelley, 187 U. S., 540; Diamond Glue Co. v. U. 
 S. Glue Co., 187 U. S., 611; Blackstone v. Miller, 188 U. S., 189; 
 Anglo American Provision Co. v. Davis Provision Co., 191 U. S., 
 373; Chambers v. B. & O. R. R. Co., 207 U. S., 142; Hudson Water 
 Co. V. McCarter, 209 U. S., 349. 
 
 ^A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or 
 
 other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in 
 
 another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of 
 
 the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to 
 
 the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. 
 
 Holmes v. Jennison et al., 14 Pet., 540; Commonwealth of Ken- 
 tucky V. Dennison, governor,- 24 How., 66; Taylor v. Tainter, 16 
 Wall., 366; Carroll County v. Smith, lii U. S., 556; Ex parte 
 Reggel, 114 U. S., 642; Mahon v. Justice, 127 U. S., 700; Ivascelles 
 V. Georgia, 148 U. S., 537; Pearce v. Texas, 155 U. S., 311; Utter 
 V. Franklin, 172 U. S., 416; Munsey v. Clough, 196 U. S., 364; 
 Matter of Strauss, 197 U. S., 324; Pettibone w. Nichols, 203 U. S., 
 192; Appleyard v. Mass., 203 U. S., 222; McNichols v. Pease, 207 
 U. S., 100; Bassing v. Cady, 208 U. S., 386; Pierce v. Creesey, 
 210 U. S., 387; Marbles v. Creesey, 215 U. S., 63. 
 
 'No Person held to Service or I^abour in one State, under 
 
 the lyaws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence 
 
 of any I^aw or Regulation therein, be discharged from such 
 
 Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the 
 
 Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. 
 
 Prigg V. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 16 Pet., 539; 
 Jones V. Van Zandt, 5 How., 215; Strader et al. v. Graham, 10 
 How., 82; Moore v. The People of the State of Illinois, 14 How., 
 13; Dred Scott v. Sanford, 19 How., 393; Ableman v. Booth and 
 United States v. Booth, 21 How., 506; Callan j/. Wilson, 127 U.S., 
 540; Nashville, Chattanooga, etc., Rwy. v. Alabama, 128 U. S., 96. 
 
 Section 3. ' New States may be admitted by the Congress 
 
 into this Union ; but no new State shall be formed or erected 
 
 within the Jurisdiction of any other State ; nor any State be 
 
 formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of 
 
 States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of tie States 
 
 concerned as well as of the Congress. 
 
 American Insurance Company et al. v. Canter (356 bales cotton), 
 I Pet., 511; Pollard's Lessee v. Hagan, 3 How., 212; Cross etal. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 35 
 
 V. Harrison, i6 How., 164; Benson v. United States, 146 U. S., 325; 
 Ward V. Race Horse, 163 U. S., 504; Bolln v. Nebraska, 176 U. S., 
 83; Louisiana v. Mississippi, 202 U. S., 1; Light v.V. S., 220 U. S., 
 523; Coyle V. Oklahoma, 221 U. S., 559. 
 
 'The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make 
 
 all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory 
 
 or other Property belonging to the United States ; and nothing 
 
 in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any 
 
 Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. 
 
 McCuUoch V. State of Maryland, 4Wh., 316; American Insur- 
 ance Company v. Canter, i Pet, 511; United States v. Gratiot et 
 al., 14 Pet., 526; United States v. Rogers, 4 How., 567; Cross 
 et al. V. Harrison, 16 How., 164; Muckey et al. v. Coxe, 18 How., 
 100; Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 How., 393; Gibson v. Chouteau, 13 
 Wall., 92; Clinton v. Englebert, 13 Wall., 434; Beall v. New Mex- 
 ico, 16 Wall., 535; National Bank z". Yankton County, loi U. S., 
 129; United States v. Waddell, 112 U. S., 76; Van Brccklin v. State 
 of Tennessee, 117 U. S., 151; Clayton v. Utah Territory, 132 U. S., 
 632; Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; Davis v. Season, 133 U. S., 
 333; Wisconsin Central R. Rd. Co. v. Price County, 133 U. S., 496; 
 Cope V. Cope, 137 U. S., 682; Mormon Church v. U.S., 136 U. S., i; 
 Jones V. United States, 137 U. S., 202; St. Paul, Minneapolis, etc., 
 Railway Co. v. Phelps, 137 U. S., 528; Talton v. Mayes, 163 U. S., 
 376; American Publishing Co. v. Fisher, 166 U. S., 464; Camfield 
 V. United States. 167 U. S., 518; Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. $., 343; 
 Green Bay & Mississippi Canal Co. v. Patten Paper Co.. i73iU. S., 
 179; Neely v. Henkel (No. i), 180 U. S., 109; De Ziivaa.v. Bidwell, 
 182 U. S., i; Dooley v. United States, 182 U. S., 222; Downes v. 
 Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244; Dooley z/. United States, 183 U. S., 151; 
 Fourtee'n Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176; Hawaii 
 V. Mankichi, 190 U. S., 197; Binns v. United States, 194 U. S., 486; 
 Dorr V. United States, 195 U. S., 138; Rassmussen v. United States, 
 197 U. S., 516; Louisiana v. Mississippi, 202 U. S., i; Kansas v. 
 Colorado, 206 U. S., 46; Grafton v. United States, 206 U. S., 333; 
 United States v. Heinsgen, 206 U. S., 370; Ponce v. Roman Cath- 
 olic Church, 210 U. S., 297; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Co. 
 V. Sowers, 213 U. S., 55; El Paso & Northeastern Ry. Co. v. 
 Gutierrez, 215 U. S., 87; Weems v. United States, 217 U. S., 349. 
 
 Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every 
 State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and 
 shall protect each of them against Invasion ; and on Applica- 
 tion of the lyCgislature, or of the Executive (when the I^egis- 
 lature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. 
 
 Luther v. Borden, 7 How., i; Texas v. White, 7 Wall.,*7oo; 
 In re Duncan, 139 U. S., 449; Taylor et al. v. Beckham (No. i),i78 
 U. S.,548; South Carolina v, United States, 199 U. S., 437; Elder 
 V. Colorado ex rel. Badgley, 204 U. S., 85, Pacific States Telephone 
 Co. V. Oregon, 223 U. §., 118; Kieman v. Portland, 223 U. S., 151. 
 
36 Constitution of the United States, 
 
 ARTICr^E V. 
 
 The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall 
 deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitu- 
 tion, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds 
 of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing 
 Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intent$ 
 and Purposes; as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the 
 I/egislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by Con- 
 X^entions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode 
 of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided 
 that no Amendment which may be made prior to the. Year One 
 thotisand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect 
 the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first 
 Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be 
 deprived of it's equal Suffrage in the Senate. 
 HoUiagsworth et al. v. Virginia, 3 Dallas, 378. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 ' All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before 
 the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the 
 United States under this Constitution, as under the Confeder- 
 ation. 
 
 ' This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which 
 
 shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or 
 
 which shall be made, under the Authority of the United Slates, 
 
 shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every 
 
 State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or 
 
 Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 : Hayburn's Case, 2 Dall., 409; Ware v. Hylton, 3 Dall., 199; 
 Calder and Wife v. Bull and Wife, 3 Dall., 386; Marbury v. Madi- 
 son, I Cr., 137; Chirac v. Chirac, 2 Wh., 259; McCulloch v. The 
 , State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Society v. New Haven, 8 Wh., 464; 
 Oibbonsz-. Ogden, 9 Wh., 1; Foster and Elam v. Neilson, 2 Pet., 
 253; Buckner v. Finley, 2 Pet., 586; Worcester v. State of Georgia, 
 6 'Pet., 515; Kenngttetal. v. Chambers, 14 How., 38; Dodge v. 
 Woolsey, 18 How., 331; State of New York v. Dibble, 21 How., 
 366; Ablenian v. Booth and United States v. Booth, 21 How., 506; 
 Sinnot v. Davenport, 22 How., 227; Foster z/. Davenport, 22 How., 
 J44; Haver z/. Yaker, 9 Wall., 32; Clafflin v. Houseman, assignee. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 37' 
 
 93 U. S., 130; United States v. 43 Gallons of Whisky, 93 U. S., 188; 
 Hauenstein v. Lynham, 100 U. S., 483; Neal v. Delaware, 103 
 U.S., 370; Ex parte Crow Dog, 109 U. S., 556; Carroll County v. 
 Smith, III U. S., 556; Head Money Cases, 112 U. S., 580; Van 
 Brocklin v. State of Tennessee, 117 U. S., 151; United States v. 
 Rauscher, 119 U. S., 407; Kerr v. Illinois, 119 U. S., 436; Whitney 
 V. Robertson, 124 U. S., 190; the Chinese Exclusion Cases, 130 
 U. S., 581; Geofroyz/. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; In re Neagle, 135 
 IL S. , I ; Cherokee Nation v. Kansas Ry . Co. , 135 U. S. , 641 ; Cook Co. 
 V. Calumet & Chicago Canal Co., 138 U. S., 635; Horner v. United 
 States, 143 U. S., 570; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 
 698; Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. Hefley, 158 U. S., 98; 
 In re Quarles v. Butler, 158 U. S., 532; Ward v. Race Horse, 163 
 U. S., 504; McClellan v. Chipman, 164 U. S., 347; Smyth v. Ames, 
 169 U. S., 466; M., K. & T. Ry. Co. v. Haber, 169 U. S., 613; Ohio 
 V. Thomas, 173 U. S., 276; DeLima v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 1; Dooley 
 V. U. S., 182 U. S., 222; Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244; Four- 
 teen Diamond Rings v. U. S., 183 U. S., 176; Lone Wolf v. Hitch- 
 cock, 187 U. S., 553; South Carolina v. U. S., 199 U. S., 437; Berea 
 - College V. Kentucky, 211 U. S., 45; Paddell v. City of New York, 
 211 U. S., 446; McLean v. Arkansas, 211 U. S., 539; A., T. & S. F. 
 Ry. Co. V. Sowers, 213 U. S., 55; Sanchez v. U. S., 216 U. S., 167; 
 House V. Mayes, 219 U. S., 270; Flint v. Stone Tracey Co., 220 U. S., 
 107. 
 
 'The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and 
 the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all execu- 
 tive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the 
 several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to sup- 
 port this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be 
 required as a •Qualification to any Office or public Trust under 
 the United States. 
 
 Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Davis v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; 
 Mormon Church v. United States, 136 U. S., i. 
 
 ARTICI.K VII. 
 
 The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be 
 sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between 
 the States so ratifying the Same. 
 
 DoNB in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States 
 present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of 
 our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven 
 and of the Independence of the United States of America 
 the Twelfth. In Witness whereof We have hereunto sub- 
 scribed our Names, 
 
 GO WASHINGTON 
 Presidt and deputy from Virginia 
 
38 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 John Langdon 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Nicholas GiIvMAN 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 RuFus King 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 RoGBR Sherman 
 New York. 
 Alexandbr Hamilton 
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 Nathanibl Gorham 
 Wm Saml Johnson 
 
 Wll<: lylVINGSTON 
 
 David Brearley. 
 
 B. Franklin 
 RoBT. Morris 
 
 ThOS. FiTZSIMONS 
 
 James Wilson 
 
 Geo: Read 
 John Dickinson 
 Jaco: Broom 
 
 James McHenry 
 Danl Carroll 
 
 John Blair — 
 
 Wm Blount 
 Hu Williamson 
 
 J. RuTLEDGE 
 
 Charles Pinckney 
 
 Wm Patterson 
 JoNA: Dayton 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin 
 Geo. Clymer 
 • JARED Ingersoll 
 Gouv Morris 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 G,unning Bedford jun 
 Richard Bassett 
 
 Maryland. 
 Dan: of St Thos Jenifer 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 James Madison Jr. 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Richd Dobbs SpaighT, 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney 
 Pierce Butler. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 39 
 
 Geor£-ia. 
 
 Wn,i,iAM Few Abr Baldwin 
 
 Attest: WII.I.IAM JACKSON, Secretary. 
 
 Artici,es in Addition To, and Amendment Of, the Constitution 
 OF THE United States of America, Proposed by Congress, and 
 Ratified by the Legisi,atures of the Severai, States, Pursx> 
 ANT to the Fifth Artici,e of the Originai, Constitution. 
 
 [ARTICI^E I.] * 
 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of 
 religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging 
 the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the peo- 
 ple peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for 
 a redress of grievances. 
 
 Terret et al. v. Taylor et al., 9 Cr., 43; Vidal et al. v. Girard et 
 al., 2 How., 127; Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; United States 
 V. Cruikshank et al., 92 U. S., 542; Reynolds v. United States, 98 
 U. S., 145; Spies V. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Davis v. Season, 133 U. 
 S.,333; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Mormon 
 Church V. United States, 136 U. S., i; In re Rapier, 143 U.S., no; 
 Homer v. United States, 143 U. S., 207; Bradfield v. Roberts, 175 
 U. S., 291; Turner v. Williams, 194 U. S., 279; Jack v. Kansas, 199 
 U. S., 372; Quick Bear v. Leupp, 210 U. S., 50; Twining v. New 
 Jersey, 211 U. S., 78; Gompers v. Bucks Stove and Range Co., 
 221 U. S., 418. 
 
 [ARTICI.E II.] 
 A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a 
 free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall 
 not be infringed. 
 
 Presser v. Illinois, 116 U. S., 252; Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; 
 Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Jack v. Kansas, 
 199 U. S., 372; Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U. S., 78. 
 
 *The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States were 
 proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the First Congress, on 
 the 25th of September, 1789. They were ratified by the following States, 
 and the notifications of ratification by the governors thereof were succes- 
 sively communicated by the President to Congress: New Jersey, November 
 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; N'orth Carolina, December 22, 1789; 
 South Carolina, January 19, 1790; New Hampshire, January 25, 1790; Del- 
 aware, January 28, 1790; Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790; New York, March 
 27, 1790; Rhode Island, June 15, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791, and 
 Virginia, December 15, 1791. There is no evidence on the journals of 
 Congress that the legislatures of Connecticut, Georgia, and Massachusetts 
 ratified them. 
 
40 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 [ARTICLE III.] 
 No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, 
 without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a 
 manner to be prescribed by law. 
 
 Spies V. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Eilenbeeker v. Plymouth County, 
 134 U. S., 31; Jack V. Raiisas, 199 U. S., 372; Twining w. New Jer- 
 sey, 211 U. S., 78. 
 
 [ARTlCIvE IV.] 
 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 
 papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, 
 shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon 
 probable cause, supported by Oath or afi&rmation, and particu- 
 larly describing the plape to be searched, and the persons or 
 things to be seized. 
 
 Smith V. Maryland, 18 How., 71; Murray's Lessee etal. v. Hobo- 
 ken Land and Improvement Co., 18 How., 272; Ex parte Milligan, 
 4 Wall., 2; Boyd v. U. S., 116 U. S., 616; Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 
 131; Eilenbeeker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Fong Yue 
 Ting V. U. S., 149 U. S., 698; Interstate Com. Comm. v. Brimson, 
 154 U. S., 447; In re Chapman, 166 U. S., 661; Adams v. New York, 
 192 U. S., 585; Morris v. Hitchcock, 194 U. S., 384; Public Clear- 
 ing House V. Coyne, 194 U, S. , 497; Interstate Com. Comm. v. Baird, 
 194 U. S., 25; Jack V. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372; Hale v. Henkel, 201 
 U. S., 43; Consolidated Rendering Co. v. Vermont, 207 U. S., 541; 
 American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister, 207 U. S., 284; Consoli- 
 dating Rendering Co. v. Vermont, 207 U. S., 541; Twining v. New 
 Jersey, 2H U. S., 78; Hammond Packing Co. v. Arkansas, 212 U. S., 
 322; Bagley v. General Fire Extinguishing Co., 212 U. S., 477; 
 Smithsonian Institution v. St. John, 214 U. S., 19; Rhodus v. Man- 
 ning, 217 U. S., 597; Flint zi. Stone Tracy Co., 220 U. S., 107; 
 American Lithographic Co. v. Werckmeister, 221 U. S., 603; B. & 
 O. R. R. Co. V. Interstate Com. Comm., 221 U. S., 612; U. S. v.- 
 Morgan, 222 U. S., 274. 
 
 [ARTICI.K v.] 
 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise 
 infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a 
 Grand Jury, except in cases arissing in the land or naval forces, 
 or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or 
 public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same 
 offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be 
 compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, 
 nor be dep;rived of life, liberty, or property, without due proc- 
 
Constitution of the United States. 41 
 
 ess of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, 
 
 without just compensation. 
 
 U. S. V. Perez, 9 Wh., 579; Barron v. Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; Fox 
 V. Ohio, 5 How., 410; West River Bridge .Co. v. Dixetal.,6 How., 
 507; Mitdiellz'. Harmony, 13 How., 115; Moore, ex., v. Illinois, 14 
 How., 13; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken I/and and Improve- 
 ment Co., 18 How., 272; Dynes v. Hoover, 20 How., 65; Withers 
 V. Buckley et al., 20 How., 84; Oilman v. The City of Sheboygan, 
 2 Black, 510; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., 2; Twitchell v. The Com- 
 monwealth, 7 Wall., 321; Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wall., 603; 
 Miller v. U. S., 11 Wall., 268; Legal Tender Cases, 12 Wall., 457; 
 Pumpelly v. Green Bay Co., 13 Wall., 166; Osborn v. Nicholson, 
 13 Wall., 654; Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall., 163; Kohl et al. v:X!. S., 
 91 U.S., 367; Sinkmg Fund Cases, 99 U.S., 700; Cole w. La Gtange, 
 113 U. S., 1; Ex parte Wilson, 114 U. S., 417; Brown v. Grant, 116 
 U S., 207; Boyd V. U. S., 116 U. S., 6i6; Makin v.V. S., 117 U. S., 
 348; IJx parte Bain, 121 U. S., i; Parkinson v. U. S., 121 U. S., 281; 
 Spies V. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Sands v. Manistee River Improve- 
 ment Co., 123 U. S., 288; Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U. S., 623; Great 
 Falls Mfg. Co. V. The Attorney-General, 124 U. S., 581; U. S. v. 
 De Walt, 128 U. S., 393; Huling v. Kaw Valley Ry. and Improve- 
 ment Co. , 130 U. S. , 559; Freeland v. Williams, 13 1 U. S. , 405 ; Cross 
 V. North Carolina, 132 U. S., 131; Manning v. French, 133 U. S., 
 186; Searle v. School Dist. No. 2, 133 U. S., 553; Palmer v. McMa- 
 hon, 133 U. S., 660; EUenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 
 31; C, M. & St. P. Ry. Co. V. Minnesota, 134 U. S., 418; Wheeler 
 V. Jackson, 137 U. S., 245; Holden v. Minnesota, 137 U. S., 245; 
 Caldwell v. Texas, 137 U. S., 692; Cherokee Nation v. Kansas 
 Ry. Co., 135 U. S., 641; Kaukauna Water Power Co. v. Miss. Canal 
 Co., 142 U. S.J 254; New Orleans v. N. O. Water W'ks, 142 U. S., 
 79; Counselman z/. -Hitchcock, 142 U. S.,547; Simmonds v. U. S., 
 142 U. S., 148; Horn Silver Mining Co. v. N. Y., 143 U. S., 305; 
 Hallinger v. Davis, 146 U. S., 314; Shoemaker v. U. S., 147 U. S., 
 282; Thorington v. Montgomery, 147 U. S., 490; Yesler v. Wash'n 
 Harbor Line Coms'rs, 146 U. S., 646; Monongahela Nav. Co. v. 
 ■v. S., 148 U. S., 312; Fong Yuen Ting v.,V. S., 149 U. S., 698; 
 In re Lennon, 150 U. S., 393; Pitts., C, C. & St. L. v. Backus, 154 
 U. S., 421; Interstate Com. Comsu. v. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; 
 Pearce v. Texas, 155 U. S., 311; Linford v. Ellison, 155 U. S., 503; 
 Andrews v. Swartz, 156 U. S., 272; Pittsbvurgh & Southern Coal 
 Co. V. La., 156 U. S., 590; St. L. & S. F. Rwy. Co. v. Gill, 156 U. S., 
 649; Johnson v. Sayre, 158 U. S., 109; Sweet v. Rechel, 159 U. S., 
 380; Brown v. Walker, 161 U. S., 591; Wong Wing v. U. S., 163 
 U. S., 228; Talton v. Mayes, 163 U. S., 576; In re Chapman, 166 
 U. S., 661; Bauman v. Ross, 167 U. S., 548; Wilson v. Lambert, 
 168 U. S., 611; Green Bay &c. Canal Co. v. Patten Paper Co., 172 
 U. S., 58; Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson City, 173 U. S., 592; 
 Scranton v. Wheeler, 179 U. S., 141; 'Wight v. Davidson, 181 U. S., 
 371; Capitol City Dairy Co. v. Ohio, 183 U. S., 238; Hanover Ntl. 
 Bank v. Moyses, i85 U. S., 181; Dreyer v. Illinois, 187 U. S., 71; 
 Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U. S., 553; U. S. v. Lynah, 188 U. S., 
 - 445; The Japanese Immigrant Case, 189 U. S., 86; Hawaii v. Man- 
 kichi, 190 U. S., 197; Bedford v. U. S., 192 U. S., 217; Buttfield v. 
 Stranahan, 192 U. S., 470; Interstate Com. Comm. v. Baird, 194 
 U. S., 25; Beavers v. Henkel, 194 U. S., 73; Turner v. Williams, 
 194 U. S., 279; Public Clearing House v. Coyne, 194 U. S., 497; 
 McCray v. U. S,, 195 U. S., 27; Schick v. U. S., 195 U. §., 65; Kep- 
 
^2 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 net V U S., 195 U. S., 100; Rassmussen v. U. S., 197 U. S., 5i6j 
 U S 'v. Ju Toy, 198 V. S., 253; Reduction Co. v. Sanitary Works; 
 iqq U S., 306: Gardner v. Michigan, 199 U. S., 325; Jack v. Kan- 
 sas 199 U S., 372; South Carolina v. U. S. 199 U. S., 437; Maniganlt 
 V. Springs, 199 U. S., 473; Trono v. U. S., 199 U. S., 521; Howard 
 V Ky., toi V. a, 164; S. P. R. R. Co. v. U. S., 200 U. S., 341; 
 C B & Q Ry.. Co. v. Drainage Commissioners, 200 U. S., 561; 
 Hale 'v. Henkel, 201 U. S.,-43; McAlister v. Henkel, 201 IT. S., 90; 
 Nelson v. U. S.', 201 U. S., 92; Sawyer v. U. S., 202 U. S., 150; Mil- 
 lard V Roberts, 202 U. S., 429; Matter of Moran, 203 U.S., 96; 
 Union Bridge Co. v. U. S., 204 U. S., 364; Serra v. Mortiga, 204 
 U S 470; Martin v. District of Columbia, 205 U. S., 135; Bar- 
 rington v. Mo., 205 U. S., 483; Ellis v. U. S., 206 U. S., 246; Graf- 
 ton V. U. S., 206 U. a, 333; U. S. V. Heinszen, 206 U.S., 370; 
 Hunter v. Pittsburgh, 207 U. S., 161; Taylor v. U. S., 207 U. S., 120; 
 * Shoener v. Pa., 207 U. S., 188; Am. Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister, 
 207 U. S., 284; Consolidated Rendering Co. v.Yt., 207 U. S.,541; 
 Adair ». U.S., 208 U. S., 161; Bassingt/. Cady, 208 U. S., 386; 
 Bien v. Robinson, 208 U. S., 423; Twining v. N. J., 211 U. S., 78; 
 Garfield z;. Goldsby, 211 U. S., 249; N.Y. Central R. R. ». U. S., 
 212 U. S., 481; Goon Shung v. U. S., 212 U. S., 566; Keerl v. Mon- 
 tana, 213 U. S., 135; U. S. V. D. & H. Co., 213 U. S., 366; District 
 of Columbia v. Brooke, 214 U. S., 138; Oceanic Nav. Co. v. Stran- 
 ahan, 214 U. S., 320; Sanchez v. U. S., 2i5 U. S., 167; Mononga^ 
 hela Bridge Co. v. U. S., 216U. S., 177; Brantley z/. Georgia, 217 U. 
 S., 284; U. S. V. Welch, 217 U. S.,333; Rhodus v. Manning, 217 
 U. S., 597; Shevlin-Carpenter Co. v. Minnesota, 218 U. S., 57; Holt 
 V. U. S., 218 U. a, 245; Ong Chang Wing v. U. S., 218 U. S., 
 272; Cin., I. & W. Ry. Co. v. Connersville, 218 U. S., 336; U. S. 
 V. Grizzard, 219 U. S., 180; A. C. L. v. Riverside Mills, 219 U. 
 S., 186; li. & N. R. R. Co. V. Mottley, 219 U. S., 467; Flint v. Stone 
 Tracy Co., 220 U. S., 107; Gavieresz/. U. S., 220 U.S., 338; Light v. 
 U. S., 220 U. S., 523;.Matter of Harris, 221 U. S., 274; Wilson v. U. 
 S., 221 U. S., 361; Dreier v. U. S., 221 U. S., 394; Gompers v. 
 Bucks Stove & Range Co., 221 U. S., 418; Am. Litho. Co. v. 
 Werckmeister, 221 U. S., 603; B. & O. R. R. Co. v. Interstate Com. 
 Comm., 221 U. S., 612; Glickstein v. U. S., 222 U.S;, 139; Second 
 Employers' Liability Cases, 223 U. S., i; Powers v. U. S., 223 U. S. 
 303; W. U. Tel. Co. V. Richmond, 224 U. S., 160; Graham v. 
 W. Va., 224U. S., 616. 
 
 .[ARTlClvE VI.] 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right 
 to a speedy and pubUc trial, by an impartial jury of the State 
 and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, 
 which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, 
 and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; 
 to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have com- 
 pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to 
 have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. 
 
 U.'S., V. Cooledge, i Wh., 415; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; 
 U. S. V. Mills, 7 Pet., 142; Baron v. Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; Fox 
 
Constitution of the United States. 43 
 
 V. Oliio, 5 How., 410; Withers v. Buckley et al., 20 How., 84; 
 Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., 2; Twitchell v. Commonwealth, 7 
 WaU., 321; Miller v. V. S., 11 Wall., 268; U. S. v. Cook, 17 
 Wall., 168; U. S. V. Cruikshank et al., 92 U. S., 542; Reynolds v. 
 IT. S., 98 U. S., 145; Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Brooks v. 
 Mo., 124 U. S., 394; Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; Eilen- 
 becker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Jones v. U. S., 137 U. S., 
 202; Cook V. IT. S., 138 U. S., 157; In re Shubuya Jugijfo, 140 IT. S., 
 291; In re Ross, 140 IT. S., 4.S3; Hallinger v. Davis, 146 IT. S., 314; 
 Fong YueTing v. U. S., 149 U. S., 698; Mattox v. U. S., 156 U. S., 
 237; Rosen v. IT. S., 161 IT. S., 29; U. S., v. Zucker, i6r IT. S., 475; 
 Wong Wingj'. IT. S., 163 IT. S., 228; Creamer v. Washington, i&S 
 IT. S., 124; Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. S., 343; Maxwell v. Dow, 
 176 IT. S., 581; Motes V. IT. S., 178 IT. S., 458; Fidelity and Deposit 
 Co. V. IT. S., 187 IT. S., 315; Hawaii v. Mankichi, 190 IT. S., 197; 
 West V. La., 194 IT. S., 258; Turner v. Williams, 194 IT. S., 279; 
 Lloyd V. Dollison, 194 IT. S., 445; Schirk v. IT. S., 195 IT. S., 65; 
 Dorr V. II. S., 195 IT. S., 138; Rassmussen v. IT. S., 197 IT. S., 516; 
 Beavers v. Haubert, 198 IT. S., 77; Marvin v. Trout, 199 IT. S., 212; 
 Jack V. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372; Howard v. Ky., 200 IT. S., 164; 
 Martin v. Texas, 200 IT. S., 316; Sawyer v. IT. S., 202 IT. S., 150; 
 Burton v. IT. S., 202 IT. S., 344; Serra v. Mortiga, 204 U. S., 470; Tins- 
 ley V. Treat, 205 IT. S., 20; Ughbanks v. Armstrong, 208 U.S., 481; 
 Armour Packing Co. z". IT. S., 209U. S., 56; Twining v. N. J., 211 
 IT. S., 78; Knoxvillez'. Knoxville Water Co., 212 IT. JS., i; Goon 
 Shnng V. IT. S., 212 IT. S., 566; IT. S. v. Stevenson, 215 U. S., 190; 
 Haas V. Henkel, 2i5 IT. S., 462; Dowdell v. U. S., 221 IT. S., 325; 
 Wilson V. IT. S., 221 IT. S., 361; Diaz v. U. S., 223 IT. S., 442; Hyde 
 V. IT. S., 225 IT. S., 347; Brown v. Elliott, 225 IT. S., 392. 
 
 [ARTlCIvE VII.] 
 
 In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall 
 exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be pre- 
 served, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re- 
 examined in any Court of the United States, than according to 
 the rules of the common law. 
 
 IT. S. V. La Vengeance, 3 Dall., 297; Bank of Columbia z/. Oakley, 
 .4 Wh., 235; Parsons v. Bedford et al., 3 Pet., 433; Lessee of Liv- 
 ingston z/. Moore et al., 7 Pet., 469; Webster v. Raid, 11 How., '437; 
 Pa. ^.Wheeling, &c.. Bridge Co. et al., 13 How., 518; The Justices z/. 
 Murray, 9 Wall., 274; Edwards v. Elliott et al. , 21 Wall., 532; Pearson 
 V. Yewdall, 95 IT. S., 294; McElrath v. U.S., 102 U. S., 426; Spies v. 
 Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; Arkansas 
 Valley Land & Cattle Co. v. Mann, 130 U. S., 69; Eilenbecker v. Ply- 
 mouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Whitehead v. Shattuck, 138 U. S., 146; 
 Scott V. Neely, 140 U. S., 106; Cates v. Allen, 149 U. S.,451; Fong 
 Yue Ting v. U. S., 149 U. S., 698; Coughran v. Bigelow, 164 U. S., 
 301; Walker v. N. M. & S. P. R. R., 165 U. S., 5931 C., B. & Q. v. 
 Chicago, 166 U. S., 226; American Pub. Co. v. Fisher, 166 U. S., 
 464; Guthrie Ntl. Bank v. Guthrie, 173 U. S., 528; Fidelity & 
 Deposit Co. V. U. S., 187 U. S., 315; Rassmussen v. U. S., 197 U. S., 
 516; Marvin v. Trout, 199 U. S., 212; Jack v. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372; 
 Fidelity Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Clark, 203 U. S., 64; Bien v. 
 Robinson, 208 U. S., 423; In re Wood, 210 U. S., 246; Twining v, 
 N,J., 211 U. S., 78. 
 
44 Constitution of the United States, 
 
 [ARTIC;.E VIII.] 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines im- 
 posed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 Pervear v. Commonwealth, 5 Wall-., 475; Spies v. Illinois, 123 
 V. S., 131; Manning v. French, 133 U. S., 186; Eilenbecker v. Ply- 
 mouth County, 134 U. S., 31; In re Kemmler, 136 U. S., 436; 
 McElvaine v. Brush, 142 U. S., 155; O'Neill v. Vt, 144 U. S. 
 323; McDonald v. Mass., 180 U. S., 311; Howard z/.,Fleming, 191 
 U. S., 126; Jack V. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372; Ughbanks v. Arm- 
 strong, 208 U.S., 481; Twining v. N.J., 211 U. S., 78; Weems z/. 
 U. S., 217 U. S., 349; Shevlin-Carpenter Co. v. Minnesota, 218 U.S., 
 57; Standard Oil Co. v. Mo., 224 U. S., 270; Graham v. W.Va., 224 
 U. S., 6i5. 
 
 [ARTICI.K IX.] 
 
 The enumeration in the CoiJstitution, of certain rights, shall 
 
 not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the 
 
 people. 
 
 Lessee of Livingston v. Moore etal., 7 Pet., 469; Spies v. Illi- 
 nois, 123 U. S., 131; Jack V. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372. 
 
 [ARTICI.K X.] 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Con- 
 stitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the 
 States respectively, or to the people. 
 
 Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; HoUingsworth et al. v. 
 Va. , 3 Dall. , 378; Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, i Wh. , 304; McCulloch 
 V. Md., 4Wh., 316; Anderson v. Dunn, 6 Wh., 204; Cohen v. Va., 
 6Wh.,264; Osbom z/. U. S. Bank, 9 Wh. , 738; Buchler w . Finley, 2 
 Pet., 586; Ableman v. Booth, 21 How., 506; The Collector v. Day, 
 II Wall., 113; Claflin v. Houseman, assignee, 93 U. S., 130; Inman 
 Steamship Company v. Tinker, 94 U. S. , 238; United States v. Fox, 
 94 U. S., 315; Tennessee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; Church v. Kelsey, 
 121 U. S., 282; Ouachita Packet Co. v. Aiken, 121 U. S., 444; W. 
 U. Tel. Co. V. Pendleton, 122 U. S., 347; Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 
 131; Bowman v. C. & N. W. Ry. Co., 125 U. S., 465; Mahon v. 
 Justice, 127 U. S., 700; Leisy v. Hardin, 135 U. S., 100; Manches- 
 ter V. Mass., 139, U. S., 240; Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 
 157 U. S., 429; Forsyth v. Hammond, 166 U. S., 506; St. An- 
 ' thony Falls Water Power Co. v. St. Paul Water Commissioners, 
 168 U. S., 349; M., K. &T. Rwy. Co. v. Haber, 169 U. S., 613; 
 Hancock Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Warren, 181 U. S., 73; Kansas v. 
 Colorado, 185 U. S. 125; Andrews v. Andrews, 188 U. S., 14; North- 
 ern Securities Co. V. United States, 193 U. S., 197; Turner v. Wil- 
 liams, 194 U. S., 279; McCray v. United States, 195 U. S., 27; 
 Schick V. United States, 195 U. S., 65; Central of Georgia Ry. Co. V. 
 Murphey, 196 U. S., 194; Matter of Heff (Indian), 197 U. S., 488; 
 Jack V. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372; South Carolina v. United States, 199 
 U. S., 437; Hodges V. United States, 203 U. S., i; Kansas v. Colo- 
 rado, 206 U. S., 46; Prentis v. Atlantic Coast Line, 211 U. S., 210; 
 Keller v. United States, 213 U. S., 138; Adams Express Co. v. Ky., 
 
Constitution of the United States, 45 
 
 214 tr. S., 218; W. U. Telegraph Co. v. Chiles, 214 U. S., 274; Holm- 
 gren V. U. S., 217 U. S., 509; Bngle v. O'Malley, 219 TJ. S., 128; 
 House D. Mayes, 219 U. S., 270; Curtin v. Benson, 222 U. S., 78; 
 Interstate Com. Comm. v. Goodrich Transit Co., 224 U. S., 194. 
 
 ARTICI^E XI.* 
 The Judicial power of the United States shall not be con- 
 strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or 
 prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of 
 another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. 
 
 State of Georgia v. Brailsford et al., 2 Dall., 402; Chisholrn, 
 ex., V. State of Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; HoUingsworth et al. v. Vir- 
 ginia, 3 Dall., 378; Cohen v. Virginia, 6 Wh., 264; Osborn v. 
 United States Bank, 9 Wh,, 738; United States v. The Planters' 
 Bank, 9 Wh., 904; The Governor of Georgia v. Juan Madrazo, i 
 Pet., no; Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; Briscoe, 
 V. The Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 11 Pet>, 257; 
 Curran v. State of Arkansas et al., 15 How., 304; Louisiana v. Jumel, 
 107 U. S., 711; New Hampshire v. Louisiana, 108 U. S., 76; Clark 
 V. Barnard, 108 U. S., 436; Cunningham v. Macon & Brunswick 
 Railroad, 109 U. S., 446; Poindexter v. Greenhow, 114 U. S., 270; 
 Allen, auditor, et al. v. IJaltimore & Ohio R. R. Co., 119 U. S., 311; 
 Hagood V. Southern, 117 U. S., 52; Ralston v. Missouri Fund Com- 
 missioners, 120 U. S., 390; In re Ayers, 123 U. S., 443; Christian v. 
 Atlantic & North Carolina R. R. Co., 133 U. S., 233; Lincoln 
 County V. Luning, 133 U. S., 529; Hans v. Louisiana, 134 
 U. S., i; North Carolina v. Temple, 134 U. S., 22; New York 
 Guaranty Co. v. Steele, 134 U. S., 230; Coupon Cases, 135 U. S., 
 662; Pennoyer v. McConnaughy, 140 U. S., i; United States z/. 
 Texas, 143 U. S., 621; In Te Tyler, 149 U. S., 164; Reagan v. 
 Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 154 U. S., 362; Reagan v. Mercantile 
 Trust Co., 154 U. S., 413; Scott v. Donald, 165 U. S., 58; Scott v. 
 Donald, 165 U. S., 107; Tindal v. Wesley, 167 U. S., 204; Smyth 
 V. Ames, 169 U. S., 466; Fitts v. McGhee, 172 U. S., 516; Louisiana 
 V. Texas, 176 U. S., i; Smith v. Reeves, 178 U. S., 436; Scranton 
 V. Wheeler, 179 U. S., 141; Illinois Central R. R. Co. v. Adams. 
 180 U. S., 28; Front v. StMT, 188 U. S., 537; South Dakota v. North 
 Carolina, 192 U. S., 286; Chandler v. Dix, 194 U. S., 590; Jacob- 
 son V. Mass., 197 U. S., 11; Graham v. Folsom, 200 U. S., 248; 
 Gunter v. Atlantic Coast Line, 200 U. S., 273; McNeill v. Southern 
 Railway Co., 202 U. S., 543; Mississippi R. R. Commission v. 
 Illinois Central R. R., 203 U. S., 335; Virginia v. W. Va., 209 
 U. S., 290; Ex parte Young, 209 U. S., 123; General Oil Co. v. 
 Crain, 209 U. S., 211; Scully v. Bird, 209 U. S., 48r; Murray v. 
 Wilson Distilling Co., 213 U. S., 151; Ludwig v. W. U. Tele- 
 graph Co., 216 U. S., 146; W. U. Telegraph Co. v. Andrews, 
 216 U. S., 165; Herndon v. C, R. I. & P. Ry. Co., 218 U. S., 135; 
 Roach V. A., T. & S. F. Ry. Co., 218 U. S., 159; Hopkins v. Clem- 
 son College, 221 U. S., 636. 
 
 *The eleventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States was 
 proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Third Congress 
 on the sth of March, 1794; and was declared in a message from the Presi- 
 dent to Congress, dated the 8th of January, 1798, to have been ratified by 
 the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. 
 
46 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 ARTICI.E XII.* 
 The Klectors shall meet in their respective states and vote bjr 
 ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, 
 shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; 
 they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, 
 and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, 
 and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as 
 President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and 
 of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign 
 and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government 
 of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;— 
 The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate 
 and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and 
 the votes shall then be tounted; — The person having the 
 greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, 
 if such -number be a majority of the whole number of Electors 
 appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from 
 the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three 
 on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Repre- 
 sentatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. 
 But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, 
 the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum 
 for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
 thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
 necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives 
 shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall 
 devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next follow- 
 ing, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case 
 of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. — 
 The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-Presi- 
 
 *The twelfth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was 
 proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Eighth Congress, 
 on the i2th of December, 1803, in lieu of the original third paragraph of 
 the first section of the second article; and was declared in a proclamation 
 of the Secretary of State, dated the 25th of September, 1804, to have been 
 ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. 
 
Cotistitution of the United States. 47 
 
 dent, shall be tlie Vice-President, if such number be a majority 
 of the whole number of Klectors appointed, and if no person 
 have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, 
 the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the 
 purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Sen- 
 ators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to 
 a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office 
 of President shall be eUgible to that of Vice-Presidfent of the 
 United States. 
 
 ARTICI.E XIII.* 
 
 Section i . Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except 
 as a. punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been 
 duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any 
 place subject to their jurisdiction. 
 
 Sbction 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article 
 
 by appropriate legislation. 
 
 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 How., 393; White v. Hart, 13 Wall., 
 646; Osborn v. Nicholson, 13 Wall., 654; Slaughterhouse Cases, 
 16 Wall., 36; Ex parte Virginia, 100 U. S., 339; CivU Rights Case, 
 109 U. S., 3; Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U. S., 537; Robertson v. Baldwin, 
 165 U. S., 275; Clyatt V. U. S., 197 .U: S., 207; Patterson v. Bark 
 Eudora, 190 TJ. S., 169; Clyatt v. U. S., 197 U. S., 207; Hodges v. 
 U. S., 203 U. S., i; Bailey v. Ala., 211 U. S., 452; Bailey v. Ala., 219 
 U. S., 219. 
 
 ARTICI^E XlV.t 
 
 Section i. AU persons bom or naturalized in the United 
 States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of 
 the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No 
 
 *'rhe thirteenth, amendment to the Constitution of the United States 
 was proposed to the legislaturfes of the several States by the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, on the ist of February, 1865, and was declared, in a proclama- 
 tion of the Secretary of State, dated the i8th of December, 1865, to have 
 been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-seven of the thirty-six States, 
 viz: Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Maryland, New York, West 
 Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, 
 Missouri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont, 
 Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, 
 Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia. 
 
 •f-The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States 
 was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-ninth. 
 
48 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 State shall make or enforce any law whicli shall abridge the 
 
 privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor 
 
 shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
 
 without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its 
 
 jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 
 
 Strauder v. West Virginia, loo U. S., 303; Virginia v. Rivers, 100 
 U. S., 313; Ex parte Virginia, 100 U. S., 339; Missouri v. Ivewis, 
 
 Congress, on the i6th of June, 1866. On the 21st of July, 1868, Congress 
 adopted and transmitted to the Department of State a concurrent resolu- 
 tion declaring that "the legislatures of the States of Connecticut, Ten- 
 nessee, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West 
 Virginia, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minnesota, New 
 Hampshire, Massachusetts^ Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North 
 Carolina, Alabama, South Carolina, and Louisiana, being three-fourths 
 and more of the several States of the Union, have ratified the fourteenth 
 article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States, duly pro- 
 posed by two-thirds of each House of the Thirty-ninth Congress: There- 
 fore Resolved, That said fourteenth arficle is hereby declared to be a part 
 of the Constitution of the United States, and it shall be duly promulgated 
 as such by the Secretary of State." The Secretary of State accordingly 
 issued a proclamation, dated the 28th of July, 1868, declaring that the 
 proposed fourteenth amendment had been ratified, in the manner hereafter 
 mentioned, by the legislatures of thirty of the thirty-six States, viz: Con- 
 necticut, June 30, i865; New Hampshire, July 7, i866; Tennessee, July ig, 
 1 865; New Jersey, September 11, i865 (and the legislature of the same 
 State passed a resolution in April, 1868, to withdraw its consent to it); 
 Oregon, September 19, 1866; Vermont, November 9, i856; Georgia rejected 
 it November 13, 1866, and ratified it July 21, 1868; North Carolina rejected 
 it December 4, 1866, and ratified it July 4, 1868; South Carolina rejected 
 it December 20, 1866, and ratified it July 9, 1868; New York ratified it 
 January 10, 1867; Ohio ratified it January 11, 1867 (and the legislature of 
 the /Same State passed a resolution in January, 1868, to withdraw its con- 
 sent to it); Illinois ratified it January 15; 1867; West Virginia, January 16, 
 1867; Kansas, January 18, 1867; Maine, January 19, 1867; Nevada, Jan- 
 tiary 22, 1867; Missouri, January 26, 1867; Indiana, January 20, 1867; 
 Minnesota, February 1, 1867; Rhode Island, February 7, 1867; Wisconsin, 
 February 13, 1867; Pennsylvania, February 13, 1867; Michigan, February 
 IS, 1867; Massachusetts, March 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867; Iowa, 
 April 3, 1868; Arkansas, April 6, i858; Florida, June 9,-1868; Louisiana, 
 July 9, 1868, and Alabama, July 13, 1868. Georgia again ratified the 
 amendment February 2, 1870. Texas rejected it November i, 1866, and 
 ratified it February 18, 1870. Virginia rejected it January 19, 1867, and 
 ratified it October 8, 1869. The amendment was rejected by Kentucky 
 January 10, 1867; by Delaware February 8, J867; by Maryland March 23, 
 1867, and was not afterwards ratified by either State. 
 
Constitution of the United States, 49 
 
 loi U. S., 22; Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S., 3; Louisiana v. New 
 Orleans, 109 U. S., 285; Hurtado v. California, no U. S., 516; Hagar 
 V. Reclamation Dist., in U. S., 701; Elkf. Wilkins, 112 U. S., 94; 
 Head v. Amoskeag Mfg. Co., 113 U. S., 9; Barbier v. Connolly, 113 
 U. S., 27; Provident Institution v. Jersey City, 113 U. S., 506; Soon 
 Hing V. Crowley, 113 U. S., 703; Wurts v. Hoagland, 114 U^S., 606; 
 Ky. R. Rd. Tax Cases, 115 U. S., 321; Campbell v. Ilolt, 115 U. S., 
 620; Presser v. Illinois, 116 U. S., 252; Stone v. Farmers' Loan and 
 Trust Co., 116 U. S., 307; Arrowsmith v. Harmoning, ii8 17. S., 194; 
 Yick "Wo V. Hopkins, 118 U. S., 356; Santa Clara Co. v. S. Pacific 
 R. Rd., 118 U. S., 394; Phila. Fire Assn. v. N. Y.rng U. S., no; 
 Schmidt v. Cobb, 119 U. S., 286; Baldwin v. Frank, 119 U. S.,678; 
 Hayes v. Missouri, 120 U. S., 68; Church v. Kelsey, 121 U. S., 282; 
 Pembina Mining Co. v. Penna., 125 U. S., 181; Spencer z". Merchant, 
 125 XJ. S., 345; Dow V. Beidelman, 125 U. S., 680; Bank of Redemp- 
 tion V. Boston, 125 XJ. S., 60; Ro Bards v. Lamb, 127 U. S., 58; Mo. 
 Pac. Rwy. Co. v. Mackey, 127 U. S., 205; Minneapolis and St. Louis 
 Rwy. V. Herrick, 127 U. S., 210; Powell v. Penna., 127 U. S., 678; 
 Kidd V. Pearson, 128 U. S., 1; Nashville, Chattanooga, &c., Rwy. v. 
 Alabama, 128 U. S., 96; Walston v. Navin, 128 U. S., 578; Minne- 
 apolis and St. Louis Rwy. v. Beckwith, 129 U. S., 26; Dent v. West 
 Va., 129 U. S., 114; Huling v. Kaw Valley Rwy. and Improvement 
 Co., 130 U. S., 559; Freeland v. Williams, 131 U.S., 405; Cross v. 
 North Carolina, 132 U. S., 131; Penuie v. Reis, 132 U. S., 464; Sugg 
 V. Thornton, 132 U. S., 524; Davis v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; EUen- 
 beckerz). Plymouth Co., 134 U. S., 31; Bell Gap R. Rd. Co. v. Penna., 
 134 U. S., 232; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rwy. v. Minnesota, 
 134 U. S., 418; Home Ins. Co. v. N. Y., 134 U. S., 594; Louisville 
 .& Nashville R. Rd. Co. v. Woodson, 134 U. S., 614; Home Ins. Co. 
 V. N. Y., 134 U. S., 594; Leisy v. Hardin, 135 U. S., 100; In re Kemm- 
 ler, 136 U. S., 436; York z/. Texas, 137 U. S.,-i5; Crowley v. Chris- 
 tensen, 137 U. S., 89; Wheeler v. Jackson, 137 U. S., 245; Holden v. 
 Minnesota, 137 U. S., 483; In re Converse, 137 U. S., 624; Caldwell 
 V. Texas, 137 U. S., 692; Kauffman v. Wootters, 138 U. S., 285; Les- 
 per V. Texas, 139 U. S., 462; In re Manning, 139 U. S., 504; Mabal 
 V. Louisiana, 139 U. S., 621; In re Duncan, 139 U. S., 449; In re 
 Shibuya Jugiro, 139 U. S., 291; Lent v. Tillson, 140 U. S., 316; New 
 Orleans'!'. N. O. Water W'ks, 142 U. S., 79; McElvaine v. Brush, 142 
 U. S., 155; Kaukauna Water Power Co. v. Miss. Canal Co., 142 U. S., 
 254; Charlotte, Augusta & CoL R. Rd. Co. v. Gibbes, 142 U. S., 386; 
 Pacific Ex. Co. V. Siebert, 14? U. S., 339; Horn Silver Mining Co. v. 
 N.Y.,143 U. S.,305; Budd z/.N.Y.,i43 U. S.,517; Schwab v. Berggren, 
 143 U. S., 442; Fielden v. Illinois, 143 U. S., 452; N. Y. v. Squire, 144 
 U.S., 175; Brown v. Smart, 144 U. S., 454; McPherson v. Blacker, 
 146 U. S., i; Morley v. Lake Shore & Mich. Southern Ry. Co., 146 
 U. S., 162; Hallinger v. Davis, 146 U. S., 314; Yesler v. Washington 
 Harbor Line Comsrs., 146U. S., 646; Butler z;. Goreley, 146U. S., 303; 
 Southern Pacific Co. v. Denton, 146 U. S., 202; Thorington v. Mont- 
 gomery, 147 U. S., 490; Giozza v. Tiernan, 148 U. S., 657; Paulsen v. 
 Portland, 149 U. S. , 30; Minn. & St. L. Rwy. Co. v. Emmons, 149 U. 
 S., 364; Columbus So. Rwy. Co. v. Wright, 151 U. S., 470; In re Fred- 
 erick, 149 U. S., 70; McNulty V. Calif, 149 U. S., 645; Lees v. U. S., 
 150 U. S., 476; Lawton v. Steele, 152 U. S., 133; Montana Co. v. St. 
 Louis Mining Co., 152 U. S., 160; Duncan v. Missouri, 152 U. S., 377; 
 McKane v. Durston, 153 U. S., 684; Marchant v. Penna. R. R. Co., 
 153 U. S., 380; Brass v. Stoeser, 153 U. S., 391; Scott v. McNeal, 154 
 U. S., 34; Reagan v. Far. Loan & Trust Co., 154 U. S., 362; P., C, C. 
 & St. L. R. R. Co. V. Backus, 154 U. S., 421; Interstate Com. 
 
 97309°— S. Doc. 12, 63-1 i 
 
go Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Comsn. V. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; Reagan v. Mercantile Trust Co., 
 154 U. S., 447; Pearce v. Texas, 155 U. S., 311; Pittsburg & So. 
 Coal Co. V. La., 156 U. S., 599; Andrews v. Swartz, 156 U. S., 272; 
 St. L. & S. F. Rwy. Co. v. Gill, 156 U. S., 649; Stevens, admr., v. 
 Nichols, 157 U. S., 370; Bergemann v. Becker, 157 U. S., 655; 
 Quarles v. Butler, 158 U. S., 532; Gray v. Connecticut, 159 U. S., 74; 
 Central Land Co. v. Laidley, 159 U. S., 103; Moore v. Missouri, 159 
 U. S., 673; Winona & St. Peter Land Co. v. Minn., 159 U. S., 528; 
 Iowa Cent. Ry. Co. v. Iowa, 160 U. S., 389; Eldridge v. Trezevant, 
 160 U. S., 452; Laing v. Rigney, 160 U. S., 531 ; Gibson v. Miss., 162 
 U. S., 565; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Taggart, 163 U. S., i; 
 Lowe V. Kansas, 163 U. S., 81; Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U. S., 537; 
 Talton V. Mayes, 163 U. S., 376; Fallbrook Irrigation District v. 
 Bradley, 164 U. S., 112; Mo. Pac. Ry. Co. z/.Nebraska, 164 U. S., 403; 
 Covington, &c., Turnpike Co. v. Sandford, 164 U. S., 578; St. Louis 
 &c. Ry. Co. V. Mathews, 165 U. S., i; Gulf &c. Ry. Co. v. Ellis, 165 
 U. S., 150; Jones v. Brim, 165 U. S., 180; Adams Ex. Co. v. Ohio, 165 
 U. S., 194; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Indiana, 165 U. S., 304; AU- 
 geyer v. Louisiana, 165 U. S., 578; Allen v. Georgia, 166 U. S., 138; 
 Adams Exp. Co. v. Kentucky, 166 U. S., 171; Chicago, &c., R. R. 
 Co. V. Chicago, 166 U. S., 226; Gladson v. Minn., 166 U. S., 427; 
 Long Island, &c., Co. v. Brooklyn, i66 U. S., 685; Sentell v. New 
 Orleans, &c., R. R. Co., i65 U. S., 698; Davis v. Mass., 167 U. S., 43; 
 Merchants' Bank v. Pa., 167 U. S., 461; Turner v. New York, 168 
 U. S., 90; Craemer v. Washington, 16S U. S., 124; Hodgson v. Ver- 
 mont, i68 U. S., 262; Nobles v. Georgia, 168 U. S., 398; McHenry 
 V. Alford, 168 U. S., 651; Holden v. Hardy, 169 U. S., 366; Savings 
 & Loan Society v. Multnomah County, 169 U. S., 421; Smyth v. 
 Ames, 169 U. S., 466; Wilson v. North Carolina, 169 U. S.,.586; U. S. 
 V. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S., 649; Backus v. Fort Street, &c., Co., 
 
 169 U. S., 557; Williams v. Miss., 170 U. S., 213; Galveston, &c.,Ry. 
 Co. V. Texas, 170 U. S., 226; Magoun v. 111. Trust & Savings Bank, 
 
 170 U. S., 283; Williams v. Eggleston, 170 U. S., 304; Tinsley v. 
 Anderson, 171 U. S., loi; King v. MuUins, 171 U. B., 404; New York 
 V. Roberts, 171 U. S., 658; Meyer v. Richmond, 172 U.S., 82; Blake v. 
 McClung, 172 U. S., 239; Norwood v. Baker, 172 U. S., 269; Orient 
 Ins. Co. V. Daggs, 172 U. S., 557; Wilson v. Eureka City, 173 U. S., 
 32; Central Loan & Trust Co. v. Campbell Commission Co., 173 U.S.,, 
 84; Dewey v. Des Moines, 173 U. S., 193; St. Louis, &c., Ry. Co. v. 
 Paul, 173 U. S., 404; Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson City, 173 
 U. S., 592; LakeShore, &c., Ry. Co. v. Smith, 173 U. S., 684; Atchi- 
 son, &c. , R. R. Co. V. Matthews, 174 U. S., 96; Brown v. N. J., 175 U. 
 S., 172; Tullis V. Lake Erie &c. R. R. Co., 175 U. S., 348; Cumming 
 V. Richmond County Board of Education, 175 U. S., 528; Bolln v. 
 Nebraska, 176 U. S., 83; Clark v. Kansas City, 176 U. S., 114; RoUer 
 V. Holly, 176 U. S., 398; Weyerhaueser v. Minn., 176 U. S., 550; 
 Maxwell v. Dow, 176 U. S., 581; Gundling v. Chicago, 177 U. S., 183; 
 Ohio Oil Co. V. Indiana, 177 U. S., 190; Louisville, &c., R. R. Co. v. 
 Schmidt, 177 U. S., 230; Saranac Land & Timber Co. v. Comptroller 
 of N. Y., 177 U. S., 318; Carter v. Texas, 177 U. S.,442; L'Hote v. 
 New Orleans, 177 U. S., 587; Sully v. Am. Ntl. Bank, 178 U. S., 289; 
 Wheeler v. New York &c. R. R. Co., 178 U. S., 321; Taylor v. Beck- 
 ham, 178 U. S., 548; Am. Sugar Refining Co. v. Louisiana, 179 U. S., 
 89; Williams v. Fears, 179 U. S., 270; New York v. Barker, 179 U. 
 S., 279; Wisconsin &c. R. R. Co. v. Jacobson, 179 U. S., 287; Mason 
 V. Missouri, 179 U. S., 328; McDonald v. Mass., 180 U. S., 311; Car- 
 gill V. Minnesota, 180 U. S., 452; Hancock Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. 
 Warren, 181 U. S., 73; French v. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., 181 
 U. S., 324; Tonawanda v. Lyon, 181 U. S., 389; Webster v. Fargo, 
 
Constitution of the United States. 51 
 
 181 tr. S., 394; Cass Farm Co. v. Detroit, 181 U. S., 396; Detroit v. 
 Parker, 181 U. S., 399; Red River Valley Bank v. Craig, 181 U. S., 
 548; Mallett V. Korth Carolina, 181 U. S., 589; Simon v. Craft, 182 
 U. S., 427; Cotting V. Kansas &c. Co., 183 U. S., 79; Orr v. Oilman, 
 183 U. S., 278; Florida Central &c. R. R. Co. v. Reynolds, 183 U. S., 
 471; Lovdsville &c. R. R. Co. v. Kentucky, 183 U.S., 503; Nutting 
 V. Mass., 183 U. S., 553; King v. Portland City, 184 U. S., 61; Clark 
 V. TitusvUle, 184 U. S., 329; Booth v. Illinois, 184 U. S., 425; Good- 
 rich V. Detroit, 184 U. S., 432; St. Louis Cons. Coal Co. v. Illinois, 
 185 U. S., 203; Fidelity Mut. Life Assn. v. Mettler, 185 U. S., 308; 
 Travellers' Ins. Co. v. Connecticut, 185 U. S., 364; Minneapolis &c. 
 R. R. Co. V. Minnesota, i85 U. S., 257; Turpin v. Lemon, 187 U. S., 
 51; Dreyer v. Illinois, 187 U.S., 71; Chadwickf. Kelley, 187 U. S., 
 540; Otis V. Parker, 187 U. S., 606; Billings v. Illinois, 188 U. S., 97; 
 Blackstone v. Miller, 188 U. S., 189; Hooker v. Los Angeles, 188 
 U. S., 314; LouisvUle &c. Ferry Co. v. Kentucky, 188 U. S., 385; 
 Williams V. Parker, 188 U. S., 491; Reetz v. Michigan, 188 U. S., 
 505; Schaefer v. Werling, 188 U. S., 516; Kidd v. Alabama, 188 
 U. S., 730; Glidden v. Harrington, 189 U. S., 255; Farmers &c. Ins. 
 Co. V. Dobney, 189 U. S., 301; Detroit &c. Ry. v. Osbom, 189 U. S., 
 383; Knoxville Water Co. v. Knoxville, 189 U.S., 434; Patterson v. 
 Bark Eudora, 190 U. S., 169; Howard v. Fleming, 191 U. S., 126; 
 Missouri v. Dockery, 191 U. S., 165; Atkin v. Kansas, igi U. S., 
 207; Hibben v. Smith, 191 U. S., 310; Board of Assessors v. Comp- 
 toir National, 191 U. S., 388; Arbuckle v. Blackburn, 191 U. S., 
 405; Cronin v. Adams, 192 U. S., 108; Stanislaus County v. San 
 Joaqiiin C. & I. Co., 192 XJ. S., 201; Rogers v. Alabama, 192 U. S., 
 226; Adams, z*. New York, 192 U. S., 585; Cincinnati Street Ry. Co. 
 V. Snell, 193 U. S., 30; Minn. & St. Louis R. R. Co. v. Minnesota, 
 
 193 U. S., 53; Leigh V. Green, 193 U. S., 79; Rippey v. Texas, 193 
 U. S., 504; Great Southern Hotel Co. v. Jones, 193 U. S., 532; New- 
 buryport Water Co. v. Newburyport, 193 U. S., 561; Pope v. Wil- 
 liams, 193 U. S., 621; West V. Louisiana, 194 U. S., 258; Missouri, 
 Kansas & Texas Ry. Co. v. May, 194 U. S., 267; Fischer v. St. Louis, 
 
 194 U. S., 361; Lloyd V. DoUison, 194 U. S., 445; Shepard v. Bar- 
 ron, 194 U. S., 553; Field v. Barber Asphalt Co., 194 U. S., 618; 
 Bradley v. Lightcap, 195 U. S., i; Aikens v. Wisconsin, 195 U. S., 
 194; Dobbins v. Los Angeles, 195 U. S., 223; National Exchange 
 Bank v. WUey, 195 U. S., 257; Olsen v. Smith, 195 U. S., 332; 
 Seattle v. Kelleher, 195 U. S., 351; Helena &c. Co. v. Helena, 195 
 U. S., 383; Cook V. Marshall County, 196 U. S., 261; Hodge v. 
 Muscatine County, 196 U. S., 276; Smiley v. Kansas, 196 U. S., 
 447; Corry V. Baltimore, 196 U. S., 466; Coulter v. Louisville & 
 Nashville R. R. Co., 196 U. S., 599; Scottish Union & Nat. Ins. 
 Co. V. Bowland, 196 U. S., 611; Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 
 U. S., 11; National Cotton Oil Co. v. Texas, 197 U. S., 115; Dalle- 
 magne v. Moisan, 197 Ul S., 169; Dawson v. Columbia Trust Co., 
 197 U. S., 178; L. & N. R. R. Co. J/. Barber Asphalt Co., 197 U. S., 
 430; New Orleans Gas Co. v. Drainage Commission, 197 U. S., 453; 
 Iron Cliffs Co. v. Negaunee Iron Co., 197 U. S., 463; Lochner v. 
 New York, 198 U. S., 45; Delaware, L., &c. R. R. Co. v. Pennsyl- 
 vania, 198 U. S., 341; Clark v. Nash, 198 U. S.,361; Savannah, &c., 
 Ry. V. Savannah, 198 U. S., 392; Cunnius v. Reading School Dis- 
 trict, 198 U. S., 458; Ah Sin v. Wittman, 198 U. S., 500; Metro- 
 politan Street Ry. Co. v. New York, igg U. S., i; Brooklyn City 
 R. R. Co. V. New York, 199 U. S., 48; Farrell v. O'Brien, 199 U. S., 
 89; Union Transit Co. v. Kentucky, 199 U. S. , 194; Marvin v. Trout, 
 199 U. S., 212; Kies f.'Lowrey, 199 U. S., 233; Gardner v. Mich- 
 igan, 199 U. S., 325; Jack V. Kiinsas, 199 U. S., 372; Carroll v. 
 
52 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Greenwich Ins. Co., 199 U. S., 401; Rogers v. Peck, 199 U. S., 425; 
 Lieberman v. Van De Carr, 199 U. S., 552; Minnesota Iron Co. v. 
 Kline, 199 U. S., 593; Waterworks Co. v. Owensboro, 200 U. S., 38; 
 Campbell v. California, 200 U. S., 87^ Howard v. Kentucky, 200 
 U. S., 164; Armour Packing Co. v. Lacy, 200 U. S., 226; Carfer v. 
 Caldwell, 200 U. S., 293; Martin v. Texas, 200 U. S., 316; Strickley 
 V. Highland Boy Mining Co., 200 U. S., 527; C, B. & Q. Railway 
 V. Drainage Commissioners, 200 U. S., 561; Felts v. Murphy, 201 
 U. S., 123; Otis Co. V. Ludlow Co., 201 U. S., 140; Michigan Cen- 
 tral R. R. V. Powers, 201 TI. S., 245; Soper v. Lawrence Brothers, 
 
 201 U. S., 359; West Chicago R. R. v. Chicago, 201 U. S., 506; 
 St. John V. New York, 201, U. S., 633; Rawlins v. Georgia, 201 
 U. S., 638; Devine v. Los Angeles, 202 U. S., 313; Cox v. Texas, 
 
 202 U. S., 446; N. Y. Central R. R. v. Miller, 202 U. S., 584; 
 Hodgers v. U. S., 203 U. S., i; National Council v. State Coun- 
 cil, 203 U. S., 151; St. Mary's Company v. West Virginia, 203 
 U. S. 183; Northwestern Ins. Co. v. Riggs, 203 U. S., 243; At- 
 lantic Coast Line R. R. Co. et al. v. Florida ex rel. Ellis, 203 
 U. S., 256; Martin v. Pittsburg & L. E. R. R. Co., 203 U. S., 284; 
 Seciuity Co. v. Lexington, 203 U. S., 323; Oldfield v. N. Y., N. H. 
 & H. R. R. Co., 203 U. S., 372; Fair Haven & W. R. R. Co. v. 
 Newhaven, 203 U. S., 379; Gatewood v. North Carolina, 203 TJ. S., 
 531; Cahen v. Brewster, 203 U. S., 543; Board of Education v. Illi- 
 nois, 203 U. S., 553; Old Wayne Assn. v. McDonough, 204 U. S., 8; 
 Bachtel v. Wilson, 204 U. S., 36; Cleveland R. R. Co. v. Cleveland, 
 204 U. S., 116; New York ex rel. Hatch v. Reardon, 204 U. S., 152; 
 Ballard v. Hunter, 204 U. S., 241; Bacon ». Walker, 204 U.S., 311; 
 Western Turf Ass. v. Greenbergh, 204 U. S., 359; Serra v. Mortiga, 
 
 204 U. S., 470; Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. Co. w. Babcock, 204 U. S., 
 585; Coffey V. Harlan County, 204 U. S., 659; Halter v. Nebraska, 
 
 205 U. S., 34; Wilmington Star Mining Co. v. Fulton, 205 U. S., 
 60; Wetmore v. Karrick, 205 U. S., 141; Tracy r/. Ginzberg, 205 U. 
 S., 170; -Urquhart v. Brown, 205 U. S., 179; Metropolitan Life Ins. 
 Co. V. New Orleans, 205 U. S., 395; Patterson ^. Colorado ex rel. 
 Atty. Genl., 205 U. S., 454; Chanler v. Kelsey, 205 U. S., 466; At- 
 lantic C. L. R. R. Co. V. No. Carolina Corp. Com., 206 tj. S.; i; 
 Buck V. Beach, 206 U. S., 392; Bernheimer v. Converse, 206 U. S., 
 S16; Sauer v. New York, 206 U. S., 536; Raymond v. Chicago 
 Traction Co., 207 U. S., 20; Lee v. New Jersey, 207 XI. S.,67; 
 Seaboard Air Line R._R. Co. v. Seegers, 207 U. S., 73; Interstate 
 C. S. R. R. Co. V. Mass., 207 U. S., 79; Leathe v. Thomas, 207 
 U.S., 93; Central of Georgia R. R. Co. v. Wright, 207 U. S., 127; 
 Hunter v. Pittsburg, 207 U. S., 161; Shoener w. Pennsylvania, 207 
 U. S., 188; Ozan Lumber Co. v. Union County Natl. Bank, 207 
 U. S., 251; Polk V. Mutual Reserve Fund Ass., 207 U. S., 310; 
 Heath & Milligan Mfg. Co. v. Worst, 207 U. S., 338; Vandalia 
 R. R. Co. V. Indiana ex rel. So. Bend, 207 U. S., 359; Consolidat- 
 ing Rendering Co. V. Vermont, 207 U. S., 541; I. M. Darnell & 
 Son Co. V. Memphis, 208 U. S., 113; Elder v. Wood, 208 U. S., 
 226; Cosmopolitan Club v. Virginia, 208 U. S., 378; MuUer v. 
 Oregon, 208 U. S., 412; Ughbanks v. Armstrong, 208 U. S., 481; 
 The Disconto Gesellschaft v. Umbreit, 208 U. S.,'570; Northern 
 Pacific Ry. v. Duluth, 208 U. S., 583; Hairston v. Danville & 
 Western E. R. Co., 208 U. S., 598; Ex parte Young, 209 U. S., 
 123; Hunter v. Wood, 209 U. S., 205; Thomas v. Iowa, 209 U. S., 
 258; Thompson v. Kentucky, 209 U. S.,340; Hudson County Water 
 Company v. McCarter, 209 U. S., 349; Longyear z/. Toolan, 209 
 U. S., 414; Stickney v. Kelsey, 209 U, S., 419; Lang v. New Jersey, 
 
Constitution of the United States. 53 
 
 209 U. S., 467; Central R. R. Co. v. Jersey ;City, 209 U. S., 473; 
 Cleveland, C, C. & St. L. R. R. Co. v. Porter, 210 U. S., 177; St. 
 lA>uis V. United Railways Co., 210 U. S., 266; Delmar Jockey Club 
 V. Mo. ex rel. Atty. Genl., 210 U. S., 324; Londoner v. Denver, 
 
 210 U. S., 373; SUz V. Hesterberg, 211 U. S., 31; Berea College v. 
 Kentucky, 211 U. S., 45; Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U. S., 78; 
 Prentis v. Atlantic Coast Line, 211 D. S., 210; Garfield v. Goldsby, 
 2iiU.S.,249; Garfield z/. Allison, 211 U. S., 264; Home Telephone 
 Co. V. Los Angeles, 211 U. S., 265; North American Storage Co. v. 
 Chicago, 211U. S., 306; Paddell zi. Cityof New York, 211U.S., 446; 
 Bailey v. Alabama, 211 U. S., 452; Beers z*. Glynn, comptroller, 211 
 U. S., 477; Lemieux v. Young, trustee, 211 U. S., 489; Rusch v. John 
 Duncan Land Co., 211 U. S., 526; McLean v. Arkansas, 211 U. S., 539; 
 WUcox V. Consolidated Gas Co., 212 U. S., 19; Moyer v. Peabody, 212 
 U. S., 78; Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas (No. i), 212 U. S., 86; 
 Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas (No. 2), 212 U. S., 112; Louisville& 
 Nashville R.R. Co. t/.Stock Yards Co., 212 U.S., 132; Ontario Land 
 Co. V. Yordy, 212 U. S., 152; Hammond Packing Co. v. Arkansas, 
 212 U. S., 322; Bonner v. Gorman, 213 U. S., 86; Keerl v. Montana, 
 213, U. S., 13s; Goodrich v. Ferris, 214 U. S., 71; Welch v. Swasey, 
 214 U.S., 91; District of Columbia z/. Brooke, 214 U. S., 138; St. Paid, 
 Minn. & Manitoba Ry. Co. v. Minnesota, 214 U. S., 497; Marbles 
 V. Creecy, 215 U. S., 63; Scott County Road Co. v. Hines, 215 U. S., 
 336; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Kansas, 216 U. S., i; King 
 V. West Virginia, 216 U. S., 92; Missouri Pacific Ry. v. Kansas, 
 2i6 U. S., 262; Lamrel Hill Cemetery v. San Francisco, 216 U. S., 
 358; Southern Ry. Co. v. Greene, 216 U. S., 400; Board of Assessors 
 V. New York Life Insurance Co., 216 U. S., 517; Withnell v. Bush 
 Construction Co., 216 U. S., 603; Williams v, Arkansas, 217 U. S., 
 79; International Text-Book Co. v. Pigg, 217 U. S., 91; South- 
 western OU Co. V. Texas, 217 U. S., 114; Boston Chamber of Com- 
 merce V. Boston, 217 U. S., 189; Missouri Pacific Ry. v. Nebraska, 
 
 217 U. S., 196; Standard Oil Co. v. Tennessee, 217 U. S., 413; 
 Grenada Lumber Co. v. Mississippi, 217 U. S., 433; Citizens' Na- 
 tional Bank v. Kentucky, 217 U. S., 443; Fay v. Crozier, 217 U. S., 
 455; Kidd, Dater & Price Co. v. Musselman Grocer Co., 217 U. S., 
 461 ; Brown-Forman Co. v. Kentucky, 217 U. S., 563; L. & N. R. R. 
 Co. V. Melton, 218 U. S., 36; Shevlin-Carpenter Co. v. Minnesota, 
 
 218 U. S., 57; Franklin v. South Carolina, 218 U. S., 161; Watson 
 V. Maryland, 218 U. S., 173; Ling Su Fan v. U. S., 218 U. S., 302;, 
 Cin., L & W. Ry. Co. v. Connersville, 218 U. S., 336; W. U. Tel. 
 Co. V. Commercial Milling Co., 218 U. S., 406; U. S. v. Heinze, 
 
 218 U. S., 532; ill. Cent. R. R. Co. v. Kentucky, 218 U. S., 551; 
 Griffith V. Connecticut, 218 U. S., 563; Mobile, J. &K. C. R. R. Co. 
 V Turnipseed, 219 U. S., 35; Am. Land Co. v. 2^iss, 219 U. S., 47; 
 Noble State Bank v. Haskell, 219 U. S., 104; Shallenberger v. First 
 State Bank, 219 U. S., 114; Assaria State Bank v. DoUey, 219 U. S., 
 121; Engle V. O'Malley, 219 U. S., 128; Kentucky Union Co. v, 
 Kentucky, 219 U. S., 140; Bailey v. Alabama, 219 U. S., 219; House 
 V. Mayes, 219 U. S., 270; Broadnax v. Missouri, 219 U. S., 285; Ger- 
 man Alliance Ins. Co. v. Hale, 219 U. S., 307; C, R. I. & P. R. R. 
 Co. V. Arkansas, 219 U. S., 453; C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. v. McGuire, 
 
 219 U. S., 549; Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U. S., 61; 
 Flint V. Stone Tracy Co., 220 U. S., 107; Shawnee Sewerage & 
 Drainage Co. v. Stearns, 220 U. S., 462; Sperry & Hutchinson Co. 
 V. Rhodes, 220 U. S., 502; Appleby v. Buffalo, 221 U. S., 524; Bris, 
 coe V. District of Columbia, 221 U. S., 547; Provident Savings Insti- 
 tution V. Malone, 221 U. S., 660; Blinn v. Nelson, 322 U. S., i; Fin- 
 
54 Constitution of the United States, 
 
 ley V. California, 222 U. S., 28; Mutual Loan Co. V. Martell, 222 
 U. S., 225; Aluminum Co. v. Ramsey, 222 U. S., 251; City of Chi- 
 cago V. Surges, 222 U. S., 313; Williams v. Walsh, 222 U. S., 415; 
 Soliah V. Heskin, 222 U. S., 522; Keeney v. New York, 222 U. S., 
 525; Second Employers' Liability Cases, 223 U. S., i; Quong Wing 
 V. Kirkendall, 223 U. S., 59; Pacific States Tel. Co. v. Oregon, 223 
 U. S., 118; Jacob V. Roberts, 223 U. S., idi; Collins v. Texas, 223 
 U. S., 288; Reitler-z/. Harris, 223 U. S., 437; Ontario Laud Co. v,, 
 Wilfong, 223 U. S., 543; W. XJ. Tel. Co. v. Richmond, 224 U. S., 
 160; Converse v. Hamilton, 224 U. S., 243; Standard Oil Co. v. Mis- 
 souri, 224 U. S., 270; Crozier v. Krupp, 224 U. S., 290; St. L., I. M. 
 & S. Ry. Co. V. Wynne, 224 U. S., 354; Oregon R. R. & N. Co. v. 
 Fairchild, 224 U. S., 510; Missouri Pacific Ry. Co. v. Castle, 224 
 U. S., 541; McCaughy v. Lyall, 224 U. S., 558; Graham v. West 
 Va., 224 U. S., 616; Jordan v. Massachusetts, 225 U. S., 167; Nor- 
 folk Turnpike Co. v. Virginia, 225 U. S., 264; Louisville v. Cum- 
 berland T. & T. Co., 22s U. S., 430; Savage v. Jones, 225 U. S., 501; 
 Standard Stockfood Co. v. Wright, 225 U. S., 540; Murphy v. Cali- 
 fornia, 225 U. S., 623. 
 
 Sbction 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the 
 several States according to their respective numbers, counting the 
 whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not 
 taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice 
 of electors for President and "Vice-President of the United States, 
 Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers 
 of a State, or the members of the I,egislature thereof, is denied 
 to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one 
 years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
 abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the 
 basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion 
 which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole 
 number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 
 McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U. S., i. 
 
 Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative 
 in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold 
 any office, civil or mihtary, under the United States, or under 
 any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of 
 Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member 
 of iany State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of 
 any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall 
 have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or 
 
Constitution of the United States. 55 
 
 given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
 by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disabiUty. 
 
 SscTiON 4. The validity of the public debt of the United 
 States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of 
 pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or 
 rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States 
 nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred 
 in aid of insurrection or rebelUon against the United States, 
 or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all 
 such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. 
 
 Sbctmon 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by 
 
 appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. 
 
 Crandall v. The State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; Paul v. Virginia, 
 8 Wall., 168; Ward v. Maryland, 12 Wall., 418; Slaughterhouse 
 Cases, 16 Wall., 36; Bradwell v. The State, 16 Wall., 130; Barte- 
 meyer v. Iowa, 18 Wall., 129; Minor v. Happersett, 21 Wall., 162; 
 Wsiker v. Sauvinet, 92 U. S., 90; Kennard v Louisiana, ex rel. 
 Morgan, 92 U. S., 480; United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U. S., 542; 
 Munn V, Illinois, 94 U. S., 113. 
 
 ARTICI.E XV.* 
 
 Section i. The right of citizens of the United States to vote 
 shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any 
 State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servi- 
 tude- 
 Twining V. New Jersey, 211 U. S., 78; New York, ex rel. Silz v, 
 Hesterberg, 211 U. S., 31. 
 
 Sbction 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this 
 
 article by appropriate legislation. 
 
 United States v. Reese et al. , 92 U. S. , 214; United States v. Cruik- 
 shank et al., 92 U. S., 542; Neal v. Delaware, 103 U. S., 370; Bx 
 parte Yarborough, no U. S., 651; Waddell et al., 112 U. S., 76; 
 McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U. S., i; James v. Bowman, 190 U. S., 127; 
 Hodges V. United States, 203 U. S., i. 
 
 *The fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was 
 proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Fortieth Congress 
 on the 27th of February, 1869, and was declared, in a proclamation of the 
 Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870, to have been ratified by the leg- 
 
56 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 ARTlCIvE XVI.* 
 
 The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on 
 incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportion- 
 ment among the several States, and without regard to any 
 census or enumeration. 
 
 islatures of twenty-nine of the thirty-seven States. The dates of these 
 ratifications (arranged in the order of their reception at the Department of 
 State) were: From North Carolina, March 5, 1869; West Virginia, March 
 3, 1869; Massachusetts, March 9-12, 1869; Wisconsin, March 9, 1869; Maine, 
 March 12, 1869; I/)uisiana, March 5, 1869; Michigan, March 8, 1869; South 
 Carolina, March 16, 1869; Pennsylvania, March 26, 1869; Arkansas, March 
 30, 1869; Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, June 15, 1869; Illinois, 
 March 5, 1869; Indiana, May 13-14, 1869; New York, March 17-April 14, 
 1869 (and the legislature of the same State passed a resolution January 5, 
 1870, to withdraw its consent to it) ; New Hampshire, July 7, 1869; Nevada, 
 March i, 1869; Vermont, October 21, 1869; Virginia, October 8, 1869; 
 Missouri, January loy 1870; Mississippi, January 15-17, 1870; Ohio, Jan- 
 uary 27, 1870; Iowa, February 3, 1870; Kansas, January 1S-19, 1870; Min- 
 nesota, February 19, 1870; Rhode Islan4, January 18, 1870; Nebraska, 
 February 17, 1870; Texas, February 18, 1870. The State of Georgia also 
 ratified the amendment February 2, 1870. 
 
 *The sixteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was 
 proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-first Con- 
 gress on the 12th day of July, 1909, and was declared, in an announcement 
 by the Secretary of State, dated February 25, 1913, to have been ratified 
 by the legislatures of the following thirty-eight of the forty-eight States. 
 The dates of these ratifications were: Alabama, August 17, 1909; Kentucky, 
 February 8, 1910; South Carolina, February 23, 1910; Illinois, March i, 
 1910; Mississippi, March 11, 1910; Oklahoma, March 14, 1910; Maryland, 
 April 8, 1910; Georgia, August 3, 1910; Texas, August 17, 1910; Ohio, 
 January 19, 191 1; Idaho, January 20, 1911; Oregon, January 23, 1911; 
 Washington, January 26, 1911; California, January 31, 1911; Montana, Jan- 
 uary 31, 1911; Indiana, February 6, 1911; Nevada, February 8, 1911; Ne- 
 braska, February II, 1911; North Carolina, February 11, 1911; Colorado, 
 February 20, 1911; North Dakota, February 21, 1911; Michigan, Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1911; Iowa, February 27, 1911; Kansas, March 6, 1911; Missouri, 
 March 16, 1911; Maine, March 31, 1911; Tennessee, April 11, 1911; Arkansas, 
 April 22, 1911; Wisconsin, May 26, 1911; New York, July 12, 1911; South 
 Dakota, Febniary 3, 1912; Arizona, April 9, 1912; Minnesota, June 12, 1912; 
 Louisiana, July i, 1912; Delaware, February 3, 1913; Wyoming, Feb- 
 ruary 3, 1913; New Jersey, February 5, 1913; New Mexico, February 5, 
 1913. The States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, lUiode Island, and 
 Utah rejected this amendment. 
 
Constitution of the United States, 57 
 
 ARTICI^E XVII.* 
 
 The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
 Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six 
 years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in 
 each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
 the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. 
 
 ^ When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in 
 the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs 
 of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature 
 of any State may empower the executive thereof to make tem- 
 porary appointment until the people fill the vacancies by election 
 as the legislature may direct. 
 
 ^ This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the 
 election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid 
 as part of the Constitution. 
 
 RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 The Constitution was adopted by a convention of the States 
 September 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by the 
 several States, in the following order, viz: 
 
 Delaware, December 7, 1787, yeas, 30 (unanimous). 
 
 Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787, yeas, 43; nays, 23. 
 
 New Jersey, December 18, 1787, yeas, 38 (unanimous). 
 
 * The seventeenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States 
 was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-second 
 Congress on the i6th day of May, 1912, and was declared, in an announce- 
 ment by the Secretary of State, dated May 31, 1913, to have been ratified 
 by the legislatures of the following thirty-six of the forty-eight States. 
 The dates of these ratifications were: Massachusetts, May 22, 1912; Ari- 
 zona, June 3, 1912; Minnesota, June 10, 1912; New York, January 15, 1913; 
 Kansas, January 17, 1913; Oregon, January 23, 1913; North Carolina, Jan- 
 uary 25, 1913; CaUfotnia, January 28, 1913; Michigan, January 28, 1913; 
 Idaho, January 31, 1913; West Virginia, February 4, 1913; Nebraska, Feb- 
 ruary 5, 1913; Iowa, February 6, 1913; Montana, Februafy 7, 1913; Texas, 
 February 7, 1913; Washington, February 7, 1913; Wyoiijjng, February 11, 
 1913; Colorado, February 13, igp; Illinois, February 13, 19x3; North 
 
g8 Constitution of the United' States. 
 
 Georgia, January 2, 1788, yeas, 26 (unanimous). 
 
 Connecticut, January 9, 1788, yeas, 128; nays, 40. 
 
 Massacliusetts, February 6, 1788, yeas, 187; nays, 168. 
 
 Maryland, April 28, 1788, yeas, 63; nays, 11. 
 
 South Carolina, May 23, 1788, yeas, 149; nays, 73. 
 
 New Hampshire, June 21, 1788, yeas, 57; nays, 46. 
 
 Virginia, June 26, 1788, yeas, 89; nays, 79. 
 
 New York, July 26, 1788, yeas, 30; nays, 27. 
 
 North Carolina, November 21, 1789, yeas, 194; nays, 77. 
 
 Rhode Island, May 29, 1790, yeas, 34; nays, 32. 
 
 The State of Vermont, by convention, ratified the Constitu- 
 tion on the loth of January, 1791, and was, by an act of Con- 
 gress of the 1 8th of February, 1791, "received and admitted 
 into this Union as a new and entire member of the United 
 States of America." 
 
 RATIFICATIONS OF THE AMENDMENTS TO THE 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 The first ten of the preceding articles of amendment (with 
 two others which were not ratified by the requisite number of 
 States) were submitted to the several State legislatures by a 
 resolution of Congress which passed on the 25th of September, 
 1789, at the first session of thp First Congress, and were ratified 
 by the legislatures of the following States: 
 
 New Jersey, November 20, 1789. 
 
 Maryland, December 19, 1789. 
 
 North CaroHna, December 22, 1789. 
 
 South Carolina, January 19, 1790. 
 
 New Hampshire, January 25, 1790. 
 
 Dakota, February 18, 1913; Nevada, February 19, 1913; Vermont, Febru- 
 ary 19, 1913; Maine, February 20, 1913; New Hampshire, February 21, 
 1913; Oklaboma, February 24, 1913; Ohio, February 25, 1913; South Da- 
 kota, February 27, 1913; Indiana, March 6, 1913; Missouri, March?, 1913; 
 New Mexico, March 15, 1913;. New Jersey, March 18, 1913; Tennessee, 
 April I, 1913; Arkansas, April 14, 1913; Connecticut, April 15, 1913; Penn- 
 sylvania, April 15, 1913; Wisconsin, May 9, 1913. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 59 
 
 Ddaware, January 28, 1790. 
 Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790. 
 New York, March 27, 1790. 
 Rhode Island, June 15, 1790. 
 Vermont, November 3, 1791. 
 Virginia, December 15, 1791. 
 
 The acts of the legislatures of the States ratifying these 
 amendments were transmitted by the governors to the Presi- 
 dent, and by him communicated to Congress. The legislatures 
 of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Georgia do not appear by 
 the record to have ratified them. 
 
 The eleventh article was submitted to the legislatures of the 
 several States by a resolution of Congress passed on the 5th of 
 March, 1794, at the first session of the Third Congress; and on 
 the 8th of January, 1798, at the second session of the Fifth 
 Congress, it was declared by the President, in a message to the 
 two Houses of Congress, to have been adopted by the legisla- 
 tures of three-fourths of the States, there being at that time 
 sixteen States in the Union. 
 
 The twelfth article was submitted to the legislatures of the 
 several States, there being then seventeen States, by a resolu- 
 tion of Congress passed on the 12th of December, 1803, at the 
 first session of the Eighth Congress, and was ratified by the 
 legislatures of three-fourths of the States in 1804, according to 
 a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated the 25th of Sep- 
 tember, 1804. 
 
 The thirteenth article was submitted to the legislatures of 
 the several States, there being then thirty-six States, by a reso- 
 lution of ^Congress passed on the ist of February, 1865, at the 
 second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was ratified, 
 according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated 
 December 18, 1865, by the legislatures of the following States: 
 
 Ilhnois, February i, 1865. 
 
 Rhode Island, February 2, 1865. 
 
6o Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Michigan, February 2, 1865. 
 Maryland, February 3, 1865. 
 New York, February 3, 1865. 
 West Virginia, February 3, 1865. 
 Maine, February 7, 1865. 
 Kansas, February 7, 1865. 
 Massachusetts, February 8, 1865. 
 Pennsylvania, February 8, 1865. 
 Virginia, February 9, 1865. 
 Ohio, February 10, 1865. 
 Missouri, February 10, 1865. 
 Indiana, February 16, 1865. 
 Nevada, February 16, 1865. 
 I/)uisiana, February 17, 1865. 
 Minnesota, February 23, 1865. 
 Wisconsin, March i, 1865. 
 Vermont, March 9, 1865. 
 Tennessee, April 7, 1865. 
 Arkansas, April 20, 1865. 
 Connecticut, May 5, 1865. 
 New Hampshire, July i, 1865. 
 South Carolina, November 13, 1865. 
 Alabama, December 2, 1865. 
 North Carolina, December 4, 1865. 
 Georgia, December 9, 1865. 
 
 The following States not enumerated in the proclamation of 
 the Secretary of State also ratified this amendment: 
 Oregon, December 11, 1865. 
 California, December 20, 1865. 
 Florida, December 28, 1865. 
 New Jersey, January 23, 1866. 
 Iowa, January 24, 1866. 
 Texas, February 18, 1870. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 6i 
 
 The fourteenth article was submitted to the legislatures of 
 the several States, there being then thirty-seven States, by a 
 resolution of Congress passed on the i6th of June, 1866, at the 
 first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was ratified, 
 according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated July 
 28, 1868, by the legislatures of the following States: 
 
 Connecticut, June 30, 1866. 
 
 New Hampshire, July 7, 1866. 
 
 Tennessee, July 19, 1866. 
 
 *New Jersey, September 11, 1866. 
 
 t Oregon, September 19, 1866. 
 
 Vermont, November 9, 1866. 
 
 New York, January 10, 1867. 
 
 J Ohio, January 11, 1867. 
 
 IlUnois, January 15, 1867. 
 
 West Virginia, January 16, 1867. 
 
 Kansas, January 18, 1867. 
 
 Maine, January 19, 1867. 
 
 Nevada, January 22, 1867. 
 
 Missouri, January 26, 1867. 
 
 Indiana, January 29, 1867. 
 
 Minnesota, February i, 1867. 
 
 Rhode Island, February 7, 1867. 
 
 Wisconsin, February 13, 1867. 
 
 Pennsylvania, February 13, 1867 
 
 Michigan, February 15, 1867. 
 
 Massachusetts, March 20, 1867. 
 
 Nebraska, June 15, 1867. 
 
 Iowa, April 3, 1868. 
 
 Arkansas, April 6, 1868. 
 
 Florida, June 9, 1868. 
 
 *New Jersey withdrew her consent to the ratification in April, 1868. 
 t Oregon withdrew her consent to the ratification October 15, 1868. 
 X Ohio withdrew her consent to the ratification ia January, 1868. 
 
62 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 * North Carolina, July 4, 1868. 
 Ivouisiana, July 9, 1868. 
 
 * South Carohna, July 9, 1868. 
 Alabama, July 13, 1868. 
 
 * Georgia, July 21, 1868. 
 
 *The State of Virginia ratified this amendment on the 8th 
 of October, 1869, subsequent to the date of the proclamation 
 of the Secretary of State. 
 
 The States of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Texas 
 rejected the amendment. 
 
 The fifteenth article was submitted to the legislatures of the 
 several States, there being then thirty-seven States, by a reso- 
 lution of Congress passed on the 27th of February, 1869, at 
 the first session of the Forty-first Congress; and was ratified, 
 according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated 
 March 30, 1870, by the legislatures of the following States: 
 
 Nevada, March i, 1869. 
 
 West Virginia, March 3, 1869. 
 
 North Carolina, March 5, 1869. 
 
 Ivouisiana, March 5, 1869. 
 
 Illinois, March 5, 1869. 
 
 Michigan, March 8, 1869. 
 
 Wisconsin, March 9, 1869. 
 
 Massachusetts, March 12, 1869. 
 
 Maine, March 12, 1869. 
 
 South Carolina, March 16, 1869. 
 
 Pennsylvania, March 26, 1869. 
 
 Arkansas, March 30, 1869. 
 
 fNew York, April 14, 1869. 
 
 Indiana, May 14, 1869. 
 
 Connecticut, May 19, 1869. 
 
 Florida, June 15, 1869. 
 
 *Korth Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia had previously 
 rejected the amendment. » 
 
 fNew York withdrew her consent to the ratification January 5, 1870.' 
 
ConstttuUon of the United States. ' 63 
 
 New Hampshire, July 7, 1869. 
 Virginia, October 8, 1869. 
 Vermont, October 21, 1869. 
 Alabama, November 24, 1869. 
 Missouri, January 10, 1870. 
 Mississippi, January 17, 1870. 
 Rhode Island, January 18, 1870. 
 Kansas, January 19, 1870. 
 *Ohio, January 27, 1870. 
 Georgia, February 2, 1870. 
 Iowa, February 3, 1870. 
 Nebraska, February 17, 1870. 
 Texas, February 18, 1870. 
 Minnesota, February 19, 1870. 
 
 fThe State of New Jersey ratified this amendment on the 
 2ist of February, 1871, subsequent to the date of the proclama- 
 tion of the Secretary of State. 
 
 The States of California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, 
 Oregon, and Tennessee rejected this amendment. 
 
 The sixteenth article was submitted to the legislatures of the 
 several States by a resolution of Congress passed on July 12, 
 1909, at the first session of the Sixty-First Congress, and was 
 ratified according to an announcement of the Secretary of State 
 dated February 25, 1913, there being then forty-eight States, by 
 the legislatures of the following thirty-eight States : 
 
 Alabama, August 17, 1909. 
 
 Kentucky, February 8, 1910. 
 
 South Carolina, February 23, 1910. 
 
 Illinois, March i, 1910. 
 
 Mississippi, March 11, 19 10. 
 
 Oklahoma, March 14, 1910.. 
 
 *01iio had previously rejected the amendment May 4, 1869. 
 fNew Jersey had previously rejected the amendment. 
 
64 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Maryland, April 8, 1910. 
 Georgia, August 3, 19 10. 
 Texas, August 17, 19 10. 
 Ohio, January 19, 191 1. 
 Idaho, January 20, 191 1. 
 Oregon, January 23, 191 1. 
 Washington, January 26, 191 1. 
 California, January 31, 191 1. 
 Montana, January 31, 1 9 1 1 . 
 Indiana, February 6, 191 1. 
 Nevada, February 8, 191 1. 
 Nebraska, February 11, 191 1. 
 North Carolina, February 11, 1911. 
 Colorado, February 20, 191 1. 
 North Dakota, February 21, 191 1. 
 Michigan,- February 23, 191 1. 
 Iowa, February 27, 191 1. 
 Kansas, March 6, 191 1. 
 Missouri, March 16, 191 1. 
 Maine, March 31, 191 1. 
 Tennessee, April 11, 191 1. 
 Arkansas, April 22, 191 1. 
 Wisconsin, May 26, 191 1. 
 New York, July 12, 1911. 
 South Dakota, February 3, 1912. 
 Arizona, April 9, 1912. 
 Minnesota, June 12, 191 2. 
 Ivouisiana, July i, 1912. 
 Delaware, February 3, 1913. 
 Wyoming, February 3,' 191 3. 
 New Jersey, February 5, 1913. 
 New Mexico, February 5, 1913. 
 
 The States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, 
 and Utah rejected this amendment. 
 
Constitution of the United States. 65 
 
 The States of Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and 
 West Virginia ratified the sixteenth amendment subsequent to 
 the announcement by the Secretary of State. 
 
 The seventeenth article was submitted to the legislatures of 
 the several States by a resolution of Congress passed on i6th 
 day of May, 191 2, at the second session of the Sixty-Second 
 Congress, and was ratified, according to an announcement of 
 the Secretary of State dated May 31, 191 3, there being then 
 forty-eight States, by the legislatures of the following thirty- 
 six States : 
 
 Massachusetts, May 22, 191 2. 
 
 Arizona, June 3, 1912. 
 
 Minnesota, June 10, 19 12. 
 
 New York, January 15, 1913. 
 
 Kansas, January 17, 1913. 
 
 Oregon, January 23, 1913. 
 
 North Carolina, January 25, 1913. 
 
 CaHfomia, January 28, 19 13. 
 
 Michigan, January 28, 1913. 
 
 Idaho, January 31, 1913. 
 
 West Virginia, February 4, 1913. 
 
 Nebraska, February 5, 19 13. 
 
 Iowa, February 6, 191 3. 
 
 Montana, February 7, 191 3. 
 
 Texas, February 7, 191 3. 
 
 Washington, February 7, 1913. 
 
 Wyoming, February 11, 1913. 
 
 Colorado, February 13, 191 3. 
 
 Illinois, February 13, 1913. 
 
 North Dakota, February 18, 19 13. 
 
 Nevada, February 19, 1913. 
 
 Vermont, February 19, 1913. 
 
 Maine, February 20, 19 13. 
 
 97309°— S. Doc. 12, 63-1 ^5 
 
66 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 New Hampshire, February 21, 1913. 
 Oklahoma, February 24, 1913. 
 Ohio, February 25, 1913. 
 South Dakota, February 27, 1913. 
 Indiana, March 6, 191 3. 
 Missouri, March 7, 19 13. ~'^ 
 
 New Mexico, March 15, 191 3. 
 New Jersey, March 18, 1913. 
 Tennessee, April i, 1913- 
 Arkansas, April 14, 1913. 
 Connecticut, April 15, 191 3. 
 Pennsylvania, April 15, 1913. 
 Wisconsin, May 9, 1913. 
 
INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED 
 STATES AND AMENDMENTS THERETO. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pftga. 
 
 Abridged. The privileges or immunities of citizens of the 
 
 United States shall not be. [Amendments] 14 i - 47 
 
 Absent members, in such manner and under such penalties 
 as it may provide. Each House is authorized to 
 compel the attendance of i 5 i 8 
 
 Accounts of receipts and expenditures of public money 
 shall be published from time to time. A statement 
 of the I 9 7 18 
 
 Accusation . In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall 
 be informed of the cause and nature of the. [Amend- 
 ments] 6 - - 42 
 
 Accused shall have a speedy public trial. In all criminal 
 
 prosecutions the. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall be tried by an impartial jury of the State and 
 district where the crime was committed. [Amend- 
 ments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall be informed of the nature of the accusation. 
 
 [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall be confronted with the witnesses against him. 
 
 [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
 nesses in his favor. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 
 
 [Amendments] 6 - -_ 42 
 
 Actions at common law involving over twenty dollars 
 
 shall be tried by jury. [Amendments] 7 - - 43 
 
 Acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another State. 
 Full faith and credit shall be given in each State 
 to the 4 I - 32 
 
 Acts. Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving . 
 
 .such acts, records, and proceedings 4 i - 32 
 
 Adjourn from day to day. A smaller number than a quo- 
 rum of each House may i 5 i 8 
 
 Adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place 
 than that in which they shall be sitting. Neither 
 House shall, during the session of Congress, with- 
 out the consent of the other i 5 4 8 
 
 67 
 
68 Index to the Constitution of 'the United States. 
 
 Art, Sec. CI. Fi|;i, 
 
 Adjournment, the President may adjourn them to such 
 time as he shall think proper. In case of disagree- 
 ment between the two Houses as to 2 3 - 27 
 
 Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. The judicial power 
 
 shall extend to all cases of 3 2 i 28 
 
 Admitted by the Congress into this Union, but no new 
 State shall be formed or erected within the jiuisdic- 
 
 tion of any other State. New States may be 4 3 i 34 
 
 Nor shall any .State be formed by the junction of two 
 or more States, or parts of States, without the con- 
 sent of the legislatures and of Congress 4 3 i 34 
 
 Adoption of the Constitution shall be valid. All debts 
 and engagements contracted by the Confederation 
 and before the 6 - i 36 
 
 Advice and consent of the Senate. The President shall 
 
 have power to make treaties by and with the 2 2 2 26 
 
 To appoint ambassadors or other public ministers and 
 
 consuls by and with the 2 2 2 26 
 
 To appoint all other officers of the United States not 
 
 herein otherwise provided for by and with the 2 2 2 26 
 
 Affirm.ation. Senators sitting to try impeachments shall 
 
 be on oath or i 3 6 7 
 
 To be taken by the President of the United States. 
 
 Form of the oath or 2 i 7 26 
 
 No warrants shall be issued but upon probable cause 
 
 and on oath or. [Amendments] 4 - - 40 
 
 To support the Constitution. Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives, members of State legislatures, executive 
 and judicial officers, both State and Federal, shall 
 be bound by oath or 6 - 3 37 
 
 Age. No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
 
 have attained twenty-five years of i 2 2 4 
 
 No person shall be a Senator who shall not have 
 
 — attained thirty years of r 3 3 y 
 
 Agreement or compact with another State without the con- 
 sent of Congress. No State shall enter into any... i 10 3 23 
 
 Aid and comfort. Treason against the United States shall 
 consist in levying war against them, adhering to 
 their enemies, and giving them 3 3 i 32 
 
 Alliance or confederation. No State shall enter into any 
 
 treaty of I 10 i 19 
 
 Ambassadors, or other public ministers and consuls. The 
 
 President may appoint 2 2 2 26 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall extend 
 to all cases affecting 3 2 i 28 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 69 
 
 Art. Sec, CI. Page. 
 
 Amendments to the Constitution. Whenever two-thirds 
 of both Houses shall deem it necessary, Congress 
 
 shall propose.' 5 - - 36 
 
 On application of the legislatiires of two-thirds of the 
 
 States, Congress shall call a convention to propose. 5 - - 36 
 Shall be valid when ratified by the legislatures of, or 
 by conventions in, three-fourths of the States 5 - - 36 
 
 Answer for a capital or infamous crime unless on present- 
 ment of a grand jury. No person shall be held to. 
 
 [Amendments] '. 5 - - 40 
 
 Except in cases in the land or naval forces, or in the 
 
 militia when in actual service. [Amendments] .... 5 - - 40 
 
 Appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with such 
 exceptions and under such regulations as Congress 
 shall make. In what cases the Supregie Court shall 
 have 3 2 2 31 
 
 Application of the legislature or the executive of a State. 
 The United States shall protect each State against 
 invasion and domestic violence on the 4 4 - 35 
 
 Application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the States, 
 Congress shall call a convention for proposing 
 amendments to the Constitution. On the 5 - - 36 
 
 Appointm,ent of officers and authority to train the militia 
 
 reserved to the States respectively i 8 16 15 
 
 Of such inferior officers as they may think proper in the 
 
 President alone. Congress may by law vest the ... 2 22 26 
 
 Appointments in the courts of law or in the heads of 
 
 Departments. Congress may by law vest the 2 2 2 26 
 
 Apportionment oi representation and direct taxation among 
 the several States. Provisions relating to the. 
 [Repealed by section 2 of fourteenth amendment.]. 123 4 
 
 Apportionjnent. Congress shall have power to lay and 
 collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source de- 
 rived, without apportionment among the several 
 States. The sixteenth amendment. [Amendments]. 16 - - 56 
 Of Representatives among the several States. Pro- 
 visions relating to the. [Amendments] 14 2 - 54 
 
 Appropriate legislation. Congress shall have power to 
 make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into 
 execution the foregoing powers, and all other pow- 
 ers vested by the Constitution in the Government of 
 the United States, or in any department or officer 
 
 thereof i 8 18 16 
 
 Congress shall have power to enforce the thirteenth 
 
 article, prohibiting slavery, by. [Amendments].. 13 2 - 47 
 Congress shall have power to enforce the provisions 
 
 of the fourteenth article by. [Amendments] 14 5 - 55 
 
 Congress shall have power to enforce the provisions 
 of the fifteenth article by. [Amendments] 15 2 - 55 
 
70 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. P>ge, 
 
 Appropriation of money for raising and supporting armies 
 
 shall be for a longer term than two years. But no. i 8 12 15 
 
 Appropriations made by law. No money shall be drawn 
 
 from the Treasury but in consequence of I 9 7 18 
 
 Approve and sign a bill before it shall become a law. The 
 
 President shall i 7 2 9 
 
 He shall return it to the House in which it originated, 
 with his objections, if he do not i 7 2 9 
 
 Armies, but no appropriation for that use shall be for a 
 longer term than two years. Congress shall have 
 power to raise and support 1 8 12 15 
 
 Armies. Congress shall make rules for the government 
 
 and regulation of the land and naval forces i 8 14 15 
 
 Arms shall not be infringed. A well-regulated militia 
 being necessary to the .security of a free State, the 
 right of the people to keep and bear. [Amendments] 2 - - 39 
 
 Arrest' during their attendance at the session of their 
 respective Houses, and in going to and returning 
 from the same. Members shall in all cases, except 
 treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- 
 leged from I 6 I 8 
 
 Arsenals. Congress shall exercise exclusive authority 
 
 over all places purchased for the erection of i 8 17 16 
 
 Articles exported from any State. No tax or duty shall 
 
 be laid on i 9 5 18 
 
 Arts by securing to authors and inventors their patent 
 rights. Congress may promote the progress of sci- 
 ence and the useful . . .> i 8 8 14 
 
 Assistance of counsel for his defense. In all criminal 
 prosecutions the accused shall have the. [Amend- 
 ments] ., 6 - - 42 
 
 Assumption of the debt or obligations incurred in aid of 
 rebellion or insurrection against the United States. 
 Provisions against the. [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 ^WaiW^r or ^jr/orf/acfo law shall be passed. No bill of . i 9 3 17 
 
 Attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obliga- 
 tion of contracts. No State shall pass any bill of. . i 10 i 19 
 
 Attainder of treason shall not work corruption of blood 
 or forfeiture, except during the life of the person 
 attainted 3 3 2 32 
 
 Authors and inventors the exclusive right to their writings 
 and inventions. Congress shall have power to se- 
 cure to 1 8 8 14 
 
 B. 
 
 Bail. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive 
 fines nor cruel and unusual punishments imposed; 
 [Amendments] 8 - - 44 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 7 1 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Ballot for President and Vice-President. The electors 
 
 shall vote by. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 Ballot. If no person have a majority of the electoral 
 votes for President and'Vice-President, the House 
 of Representatives shall immediately choose the 
 President by. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 Bankruptcies. Congress shall have power to pass uniform 
 
 laws on the subject of i 8 4 14 
 
 Basis of representation among the several States. Provi- 
 sions relating to the. [Amendments] 14 2 54 
 
 Bear arms shall not be infringed. A well-regulated mili- 
 tia being necessary to the security of a free State, 
 the right of the people to keep and. [Amendments] 2 - - 39 
 
 Behavior. The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts 
 
 shall hold their offices during good 3 i - 28 
 
 Bill of attainder ox ex post facto lavfshaWhepajsseA.. No. i 93 17 
 
 Bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
 
 obligation of contracts. No State shall pass any. . . i 10 i 19 
 
 Bills of credit. No State shall emit i 10 i 19 
 
 Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
 
 Representatives. All i 7 i 9 
 
 Bills which have passed the Senate and House of Repre- 
 sentatives shall, before they become laws, be pre- 
 sented to the President .- i 7 2 9 
 
 If he approve, he shall sign them; if he disapprove, he 
 shall return them, with his objections, to that House 
 in which they originated i 7 2 9 
 
 Bills. Upon the reconsideration of a bill returned by the 
 President, with his objections, if two-thirds of each. 
 House agree to pass the same, it shall become a 
 
 law , 172 9 
 
 Upon the reconsideration of a bill returned by the 
 President, the question shall be taken by yeas and 
 
 nays i 7 2 9 
 
 Not returned by the President within ten days (Sun- 
 days excepted), shall, unless Congfess adjourn, 
 become laws i 7 2 9 
 
 Borrow money on the credit of the United States. Con- 
 gress shall have power to i 8 2 10 
 
 Bounties and pensions, shall not be questioned. The 
 validity of the public debt incurred in suppressing 
 insurrection and rebellion against the United States, 
 including the debt for. [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 Breach of the peace, shall be privileged from arrest while 
 attending the session, and in going to and returning 
 from the same. Senators and Representatives, 
 except for treason, felony, and i 6 i 8 
 
72 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Fsgc. 
 
 Bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. The 
 President, Vice-President, and all civil officers shall 
 be removed on impeachment for and conviction of 
 treason 2 4 - 27 
 
 C. 
 
 Capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on indictment 
 of a grand jury, except in certain specified cases. 
 No person shall be held to answer for a. [Amend- 
 ments] 5. - - 40 
 
 Capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in pro- 
 portion to the census or enumeration. [See six- 
 teenth amendment, p. 56.] No i 9 4 18 
 
 Captures on land and water. Congress shall make rules 
 
 concerning i 811 15 
 
 Casting vote. The Vice-President shall have no vote 
 
 unless the Senate be equally divided i 3 4 7 
 
 Census or enumeration of the inhabitants shall be made 
 within three years after the first meeting of Con- 
 gress, and ■ within every subsequent term of ten 
 years thereafter i 2 3 g 
 
 Census or enumeration. No capitation or other direct tax 
 shall be laid except in proportion to the. [See six- 
 teenth amendment, p. 56] i 9 4 18 
 
 Chief Justice shall preside when the President of the 
 
 United States is tried upon impeachment. The.... 136 7 
 
 Choosing the electors and the day on which they shall 
 ■give their votes, which shall be the same through- 
 out the United States. Congress may determine the 
 time of 2 I 3 25 
 
 Citizen of the United States at the adoption of the Consti- 
 tution shall be eligible to the office of President. 
 No person not a natural born 2 i 4 25 
 
 Citizen of the United States. No person shall be a Sena- 
 tor who shall not have attained the age of thirty 
 
 years and been nine years a i 3 3 7 
 
 No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
 have attained the age of twenty-five years and been 
 seven years a i 2 2 4 
 
 Citizenship. Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all 
 the privileges and immunities of citizens of the sev- 
 eral States 4 2 I 35 
 
 All persons born or naturalized in the United States, 
 and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
 of the United States and of the State in which they 
 
 reside. [Amendments] 14 i - 47 
 
 No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
 abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of 
 the United States. [Amendments] 14 i - 47 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 73. 
 
 Art, Sec, CI. Page. 
 
 Citizenship . Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, 
 liberty, or property ivithout due process of law. 
 
 [Amendments] 14 i - 4S 
 
 Nor deny to any person witliin its jurisdiction the equal 
 protection of the laws. [Amendments] 14 i - 48 
 
 Citizens or subjects of a foreign state. The judicial power 
 of the United States shall not extend to suits in law 
 or equity brought against one of the States by the 
 citizens of another State, or by. [Amendments].. 11 - - 45 
 
 Civil officers of the United States shall, on impeachment 
 for and conviction of treason, bribery, and other 
 high crimes and misdemeanors, be removed. All.. 2 4 - 27 
 
 Claims of the United States or any particular State in the 
 Territory or public property. Nothing in this Con- 
 stitution shall be construed to prejudice 4 3 2 35 
 
 Classification of Senators. Immediately after they shall 
 be assembled after the first election, they shall be 
 
 divided as equally as may be into three classes i 32 6 
 
 The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be 
 
 vacated at the expiration of the second year i 3 2 6 
 
 The seats of the Senators of the second class at the 
 
 expiration of the fourth year i 3 2 5 
 
 The seats of the Senators of the third class at the 
 expiration of the sixth year i 3 2 & 
 
 Coin a tender in payment of debts. No State shall make 
 
 anything but gold and silver I 10 i 19 
 
 Coin money and regulate the value thereof and of foreign 
 
 coin. Congress shall have power to i 8 5 14 
 
 Coin of the United States. • Congress shall provide for 
 punishing the counterfeiting the securities and cur- 
 rent I 8 6 14. 
 
 Color, or previous condition of servitude. The right of 
 citizens of the United States to vote shall not be 
 denied or abridged by the United States or by any 
 State on account of race. [Amendments] 15 i - 55 
 
 Comfort. Treason against the United States shall consist 
 in levying war against them, and giving their ene- 
 mies aid and ' 3 3 i 32 
 
 Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, and of the 
 militia when in actual service. The President shall 
 be 2 2 I 26 
 
 Co-imnerce with foreign nations, among the States, and 
 with Indian tribes. Congress shall have power to 
 regulate .■ • ■ i 8 3 i r 
 
 Commerce or revenue. No preference shall be given to the 
 ports of one State over those of another by any regu- 
 lation of I 9 6 i& 
 
74 Index to the CcmStitution of the United States. 
 
 Art, See. CI. Page. 
 
 Commerce or revenue. Vessels clearing from the ports of 
 
 one State shall not pay duties in those of another. . . i 96 18 
 
 Commissions to expire at the end of the next session. The 
 President may fill vacancies thathappen in the recess 
 of the Senate by granting 2 2 3 27 
 
 Common defense, promote the general welfare, etc. To 
 
 insure the. [Preamble] - - - 3 
 
 Common defense and general welfare. Congress shall 
 
 have power to provide for the ,•••••. i 8 i 10 
 
 Common law, where the amount involved exceeds twenty 
 dollars, shall be tried by jury. Suits at. [Amend- 
 ments] 7 - - 43 
 
 No fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined 
 in any court of the United States than according to 
 the rules of the. [Amendments] • . . 7 - _ 43 
 
 Compact with another State. No State shall, without the 
 
 consent of Congress, enter into any agreement or. . i 10 3 23 
 
 Compact with a foreign power. No State shall, without 
 the consent of Congress, enter into any agreement 
 
 °^ ■•■ I 10 3 23 
 
 Compensation of Senators and Representatives to be ascer- 
 tained by law I 6 i 8 
 
 Compensation of the President shall not be increased nor 
 diminished during the period for which he shall be 
 elected 2 i 6 25 
 
 Compensation of the judges of the Supreme and inferior 
 courts shall not be diminished during their continu- 
 ance in office 3 i _ 28 
 
 Compensation. Private property shall not "be taken for 
 
 public use without just. J] Amendments] 5 - 40 
 
 Compulsmy process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. 
 In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have. 
 [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 Confederation. No State shall enter into any treaty, alli- 
 ance, or I 10 1 ig 
 
 Confederation. All debts contracted and engagements 
 entered into before the adoption of this Constitution 
 shall be as valid against the United States under it 
 as under the g _ j -g 
 
 Confession in open court. Conviction of treason shall be 
 on the testimony of two persons to the overt act, or 
 upon 3 3 I 32 
 
 Congress of the United States. All legislative powers shall 
 
 be vested in a j j _ , 
 
 Shall consist of a Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives I I - 4 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 75 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pagt. 
 
 Cmtgress shall assemble at least once in every year, which 
 shall be on the first Monday of December, unless 
 they by law appoint a dififerent day 142 7 
 
 May at any . time- alter relations for elections of 
 Senators and Representatives, except as to the places 
 of choosing Senators •. i 4 r 7 
 
 Each House shall be the judge of the elections, 
 
 returns, and qualifications of its own members . . . . i 51 8 
 
 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to 
 
 do business i 5 i g 
 
 A smaller number may adjourn from day to day and 
 may be authorized to compel the attendance of 
 absent members i 5 i g 
 
 Bach House may determine the rules of its proceed- 
 ings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, 
 and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a 
 member i 5 2 8 
 
 Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings. -15 3 8 
 
 Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, 
 without the consent of the other, adjourn for more 
 than three days i 5 4 8 
 
 Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
 sation to be ascertained bylaw i 6 i 8 
 
 They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and 
 breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest dur- 
 ing attendance at their respective Houses, and in 
 going to and returning from the same i 6 i 8 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during his term, 
 be appointed to any civil oflSce which shall have 
 been created, or of which the emoluments shall 
 have been increased, during such term i 6 2 8 
 
 No person holding any office under the United States 
 shall, while in office, be a member of either House 
 of Congress i 6 2 9 
 
 All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the 
 House of Representatives i 7 i 9 
 
 Proceedings in cases of bills returned by the President 
 with his objections i 7 i 9 
 
 Shall have power to lay and collect duties, imposts, 
 and excises, pay the debts, and provide for the com- 
 mon defense and general welfare i 8 i to 
 
 Shall have power to borrow money on the credit of 
 the United States i « 2 10 
 
 To regulate foreign and domestic commerce, and with 
 
 the Indian tribes i 8 3 11 
 
 To establish a uniform rule of naturalization and uni- 
 form laws on the subject of bankruptcies I 8 4 14 
 
76 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art, Sec. CI. Pagt. 
 
 Congress to coin money, regulate its value, and the value 
 of foreign coin, and to fix tlie standard of weights 
 and measures i 8 5 14. 
 
 To punish the counterfeiting the securities and cur- 
 rent coin of the United States i 8 6 14 
 
 To establish post-offices and post-roads i 87 14 
 
 To promote the progress of science and the useful arts, i 8 8 14 
 
 To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, i 8 9 15 
 
 To define and punish piracies and felonies on the high 
 seas and to punish offenses against the law of 
 nations i 8 10 15 
 
 To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, 
 and make rules concerning captures on land and 
 water i 811 15 
 
 To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of 
 money to that use shall be for a longer term than 
 two years i 812 15 
 
 To provide and maintain a Navy 1 813 15 
 
 To make rules for the government of the Army and Navy i 8 14 15 
 
 To call out the militia to execute the laws, suppress 
 insurrections, and repel invasions ^ i 8 15 15 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming, and equipping the 
 
 militia i 8 16 15 
 
 To exercise exclusive legislation over the District fixed 
 for the seat of government, and over forts, maga- 
 zines, arsenals, and dockyards i 8 17 16 
 
 To make all laws necessary and proper to carry into 
 execution all powers vested by the Constitution in 
 the Government of the United States i 8 18 16 
 
 No person holding any office under the United States 
 shall accept of any present, emolument, office, or 
 title of any kind from any foreign State, without the 
 consent of i 9 8 18 
 
 May determine the time of choosing the electors for 
 President and Vice-President and the day on which 
 they shall give their votes 2 i 3 24 
 
 The President may, on extraordinary occasions, con- 
 vene either House of 2 3 - 27 
 
 The manner in which the acts, records, and judicial 
 proceedings of the States shall be proved, shall be 
 prescribed by 4 i - 32 
 
 New States may be admitted by Congress into this 
 Union. 4 3 i 34 
 
 Shall have power to make all needful rules and regu- 
 lations respecting the territory or other property 
 belonging to the United States 4 3 2 35 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 77 
 
 Art, Sec. CI. Pitge. 
 
 Congress. Amendments to the Constitution shall be pro- 
 posed •whenever it shall be deemed necessary by 
 two-thirds of both Houses of 5 - - 36 
 
 Persons engaged in insurrection or rebellion against 
 the United States disqualified for Senators or Repre- 
 sentatives in. [Amendments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 But such disqualifications may be removed by a vote 
 of two-thirds of both Houses of. [Amendments] . . 14 3 - 54 
 
 Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legisla- 
 tion, the thirteenth amendment. [Amendments] . . 13 2 - 47 
 
 Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legisla- 
 tion, the fourteenth amendment. [Amendments] . . 14 5 - 55 
 
 Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legisla- 
 tion, the fifteenth amendment. [Amendments] ... 15 2 - 55 
 
 Shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, 
 from whatever source derived, without apportion- 
 ment, and without regard to any census or enumera- 
 tion, the sixteenth amendment. [Amendments] . . 16 - - 56 
 Consent. No State shall be deprived of its equal suffrage 
 
 in the Senate without its 5 - - 36 
 
 Consent of Congress. No person holding any ofi&ce of 
 profit or trust under the United States shall accept 
 of any present, emolument, ofiGice, or title of any 
 kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign 
 potentate, without the i 9 8 18 
 
 No State shall lay any imposts or duties on imports, 
 except what maybe absolutely necessary for execut- 
 ing its inspection laws, without the i 10 2 23 
 
 No State shall lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops 
 
 or ships of war in time of peace, without the i 10 3 23 
 
 No State shall enter into any agreement or compact 
 with another State, or with a foreign power, without 
 the I 10 3 23 
 
 No State shall engage in war unless actually invaded, 
 or in such imminent danger as will not admit of 
 delay, without the i 10 3 23 
 
 No new State shall be formed or erected within the 
 jurisdiction of any other State, or any State be 
 formed by the junction of two or more States, or 
 parts of States, vrithout the 'consent of the legisla- 
 tures thereof, as well as the 4 3 i 34 
 
 Consent of the legislature of the State in which the same 
 may be. Congress shall exercise exclusive authority 
 over all places purchased for the erection of forts, 
 magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful 
 buildings with the i 8 rjr 16 
 
78 Index to the Constitution of ihe United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pa^e. 
 
 Consent of the legislatures of the States and of Congress. 
 No State shall be formed by the junction of two or 
 more States or parts of States without the 4 3 i 34 
 
 Consent of the other. Neither House, during the session 
 of Congress, shall adjourn for more than three days, 
 nor to any other place than that in which they shall 
 be sitting, without the i 5 4 8 
 
 Consent of the owner. No soldier shall' be quartered in 
 time of peace in any house without the. [Amend- 
 ments] 3' - - 40 
 
 Consent of the Senate. The President shall have power to 
 
 make treaties, by and with the advice and 2 2 2 28 
 
 The President shall appoint ambassadors, other public 
 ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, 
 and all other oiScers created by law and not other- 
 wise herein provided for, by and with the advice 
 and 2 2 2 28 
 
 Constitution, in the Government of the United States, or 
 in any department or ofi&cer thereof. Congress shall 
 have power to pass all laws necessary to the execu- 
 tion of the powers vested by i 8 18 16 
 
 Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President. 
 No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen 
 at the time of the adoption of the a i 4 25 
 
 Constitution. The President, before he enters upon the 
 execution of his office, shall take an oath to preserve, 
 protect, and defend the 2 i 7 26 
 
 Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States. The 
 judicial power shall extend to all cases arising under 
 the 3 2 I 38 
 
 Constitution "shall be so construed as to prejudice any 
 claims of the United States, or of any State (in re- 
 spect to territory or other property of the United 
 States) . Nothing in the 4 3 2 35 
 
 Constitution. The manner in which amendments to, may 
 
 be proposed and ratified 5 - - 36 
 
 Constitution shall be as valid under it as under the Con- 
 federation. All debts and engagements contracted 
 before the adoption of the 6 .- i 36 
 
 Constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof, and 
 all treaties made, or which shall be made, by the 
 United States, snail be the supreme law of the land. 
 
 The 6 2 36 
 
 The judges in every State, anything in the constitu- 
 tion or laws of a State to the contrary notwithstand- 
 ing, shall be bound thereby 6 - 2 36 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. yq. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pace_ 
 
 Constitution. All ofiBcers, legislative, executive, and judi- 
 cial, of the United States, and of the several States, 
 
 shall be bound by an oath to support the 6 - 3 37 
 
 But no religious test shall ever be required as a quali- 
 fication for any office or public trust 6 - 3 37 
 
 Constitution, between the States so ratifying the same. 
 The ratification of the conventions of nine States 
 shall be sufficient for the establishment of the 7 - - 37 
 
 Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to 
 deny or disparage others retained by the people. 
 The enumeration in the. [Amendments] 9 -- 44 
 
 Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are re- 
 served to the State respectively or to the people. 
 Powers not delegated to the United States by the. 
 [Amendments] 10 - - 44. 
 
 Constitution, and then engaged in rebellion against the 
 United States. Disqualification for office imposed 
 upon certain classes of persons who took an oath to 
 support the. [Amendments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 Constitution. Done in convention by the unanimous con- 
 sent of the States present, September 17, 1787 - - - 37 
 
 Contracts. No State shall pass any ex post/aclo\a.vi, or 
 
 law impairing the obligation of i 10 i 19 
 
 Controversies to which the United States shall be a party; 
 between two or more States; between a State and 
 citizens of another State; between citizens of differ- 
 ent States; between citizens of the same State claim- 
 ing lands under grants of different States; between 
 a State or its citizens and foreign States, citizens, or 
 subjects. The judicial power shall extend to 3 2 i 28 
 
 Convene Congress or either House, on extraordinary occa- 
 sions. The President may 2 3 - 27 
 
 Convention for proposing amendments to the Constitution. 
 Congress, on the application of two-thirds of the 
 legislatures of the States, may call a 5 - - 36 
 
 Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States pres- 
 ent on the 17th of September, 1787. Adoption of 
 the Constitution in 7 - - 37 
 
 Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the estab- 
 lishment of the Constitution. The ratification of 
 the 7 - - 37 
 
 Conviction in cases of impeachment shall not be had with- 
 out the concurrence of two-thirds of the members 
 present i 3 6 7 
 
 Copyrights to authors for limited times. Congress shall 
 
 have power to provide for i 8 8 14 
 
So Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pftj;e. 
 
 ■Corruption of blood. Attainder of treason shall not 
 
 work 3 3 2 32 
 
 Counsel for his defense. In all criminal prosecutions the 
 accused shall have the assistance of. [Amend- 
 ments] J. . . . . 5 - - 42 
 
 Counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the 
 United States. Congress shall provide for the pun- 
 ishment of i I 8 6 14 
 
 Courts. Congress shall have power to constitute tribunals 
 
 inferior to the Supreme Court i 8 9 15 
 
 Courts of law. Congress may by law vest the appoint- 
 ment of such inferior officers as they think proper 
 in the President alone, in the heads of Departments, 
 or in the 2 2 2 24 
 
 Courts as Congress may establish. The judicial power of 
 the United States shall be vested in one Supreme 
 Court and such inferior 3 i - 27 
 
 Courts. The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts 
 
 shall hold their offices during good behavior 3 i - 27 
 
 Their compensation shall not be diminished diuring 
 
 their continuance in office 3,- i - 27 
 
 Credit. No State shall.emit bills of 1 10 i 19 
 
 Credit of the United States. Congress shall have power 
 
 to borrow money on the i 8 2 10 
 
 Credit shall be given in every other State to the public 
 acts, records, and judicial proceedings of each State. 
 Full faith and 4 1 - 32 
 
 Crime, unless on a presentment of a grand jury. No per- 
 son shall be held to answer for a capital or other- 
 wise infamous. [Amendments] 5 - — 40 
 
 Bxcept in cases in the military and naval forces, or 
 in the militia, when in actual service. [Amend- 
 ments] ..... .^ 5 - - 40 
 
 Crimes and misdemeanors. The President, Vice-President, 
 and all civil officers shall be removed on impeach- 
 ment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or 
 other 2 4 - 27 
 
 Crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be tried by 
 
 jury. All 3 2 3 31 
 
 They shall be tried in the State within which they 
 may be committed 3 2 3 31 
 
 When not committed in a State, they shall be tried 
 at the places which Congress may by law have pro- 
 ■vided 3 2 3 31 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 8i 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Criminal prosecutions, the accvised shall have a speedy 
 and public trial by jury in the State and district 
 where the crime was committed. In all. [Amend- 
 ments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall be informed of the nature and cause of the 
 accusation. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall be confronted with the witnesses agaijjst 
 him. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
 nesses in his favor. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall have the assistance of counsel in his defense. 
 
 [Amendments] 6 — - 42 
 
 Criminate himself. No person as a witness shall be com- 
 pelled to. [Amendments] ; . 5 - - 40 
 
 Ci-uel and umisual punishments inflicted. Excessive bail 
 shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
 nor. [Amendments] 8 - - 44 
 
 D. 
 
 Danger as will not admit of delay. No State shall, with- 
 out the consent of Congress, engage in war, imless 
 actually invaded or in such imminent i 10 3 23 
 
 Day on which they shall vote for President and Vice- 
 President, which shall be the same throughout the 
 United States. Congress may determine the time of 
 choosing the electors and the 2 i 3 25 
 
 Day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attend- 
 ance of absent members. A smaller number than a 
 quorum of each House may adjourn from i 5 i 8 
 
 Death, resignation, or.inability of the President, the pow- 
 ers and duties of his office shall devolve on the 
 Vice-President. In case of the 2 i 5 25 
 
 Death, resignation, or inability of the President. Con- 
 gress may provide by law for the case of the 
 removal 2 i 5 25 
 
 Debt of the United States, including debts for pensions 
 and bounties incurred in suppressing insurrection or 
 rebellion, shall not be questioned. The validity of 
 the public. [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 Debts. No State shall make anything but gold and silver 
 
 coin a tender in payment of i 10 i 19 
 
 Debts and provide for the common defense and general 
 • welfare of the United States. Congress shall have 
 power to pay the i 8 i 10 
 
 Debts and engagements contracted before the adoption of 
 this Constitution shall be as valid against the United 
 
 States under it as under the Confederation 6 - i 36 
 
 97309°— S. Doc. J2, 63-1 6 
 
82 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Debts or obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or 
 rebellion against the United States, or claims for the 
 loss or emancipation of any slave. Neither the 
 United States nor any State shall assume or pay any. 
 [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 Declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and 
 make rules concerning captures on land and water. 
 Congress shall have power to i 8 ii 15 
 
 Defense, promote the general welfare, etc. To insure the 
 
 common. [Preamble] ' - - - 3 
 
 Defense and general welfare throughout the United States. 
 Congress shall have power to pay the debts and pro- 
 vide for the common i 8 i 10 
 
 Defense. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall 
 have the assistance of counsel for his. [Amend- 
 ments] 6 - - 42 
 
 Delaware entitled to one Representative in the First Con- 
 gress I 2 3 6 
 
 Delay. No State shall, without the consent of .Congress, 
 engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such 
 imminent danger as will not admit of i 10 3 23 
 
 Delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the States, 
 are reserved to the States or to the people. The 
 powers not. [Amendments] 10 - - 44 
 
 Deny or disparage others retained by the people. The 
 enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights 
 shall not be construed to. [Amendments] 9 - - 44 
 
 Departments upon any subject relating to their duties. 
 The President may require the written opinion of 
 the principal oflS.cers in each of the Executive 2 2 i 26 
 
 Departments. Congress may by law vest the appointment 
 
 of inferior officers in the heads of 2 2 2 26 
 
 Direct tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census 
 
 or enumeration. No capitation or other i 9 4 iS 
 
 Direct taxes and Representatives, how apportioned among 
 the several States. [Repealed by the second section 
 of the fourteenth amendment, on page 227] i 2 3 5 
 
 Disability of the President and Vice-President. Provisions 
 
 in case of the 2 i 5 25 
 
 Disability. No person shall be a Senator or Representa- 
 tive in Congress, or Presidential elector, or hold any 
 ofiSce, civil or military, under the United States, or 
 any State, who having previously, taken an oath as 
 a legislative, executive, or judicial officer of the 
 United States, or of any State, to support the Con- 
 stitution, afterwards engaged in insurrection or rebel- 
 lion against the United States. [Amendments] ... 14 3 - 54 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 83 
 
 Art, Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Disability. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of 
 
 each House, remove such. [Amendments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 Disagreement between the two Houses as to the time of 
 adjournment, the President may adjourn them to 
 such time as he may think proper. In case of ... . 2 3 - 27 
 
 Disorderly behavior. Each House may punish its mem- 
 bers for ; I 5 2 8 
 
 And with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a mem- 
 ber for 1 5 2 8 
 
 Disparage others retained by the people. The enumera- 
 tion in the Constitution of cfertain rights shall not 
 be construed to deny or. [Amendments] 9 - - 44 
 
 Disqualification. No Senator or Representative shall, 
 during the time for which he was elected, be ap- 
 pointed to any office under the United States which 
 shall have been created or its emoluments increased 
 
 during such term i 6 2 8 
 
 No person holding any office under the United States 
 shall be a member of either Housd during his con- 
 tinuance in office i 6 2 8 
 
 No person shall be a member of either House, Presi- 
 dential elector, or hold any office under the United 
 States, or any State, who, having previously sworn 
 to support the Constitution, afterwards engaged in 
 
 insurrection or rebellion. [Amendments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 House, remove such disability. [Amendments] ... 14 3 - 54 
 
 District of Columbia. Congress shall exercise exclusive 
 
 legislation in all cases over the i 8 17 16 
 
 Dockyards. Congress shall have exclusive authority over 
 
 all places purchased for the erection of i 8 17 16 
 
 Domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, 
 
 etc. To insure. [Preamble] - - - 3 
 
 Domestic violence. The United States shall protect each 
 
 State again.st invasion and 4 4 - 35 
 
 Due process of law. . No person shall be compelled, in any 
 criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor 
 be deprived of life, liberty, or property without. 
 
 [Amendments] 5 - - 4o 
 
 No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or 
 property without. [Amendments] 14 i - 55 
 
 Duties and powers of the office of President, in case of his 
 death, removal, or inability to act, shall devolve on 
 the Vice-President 2 i 5 26 
 
84 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page, 
 
 Duties and powers. In case of the disability of the Presi- 
 dent and Vice-President, Congress shall declare what 
 oiEcer shall act 2 i 5 25 
 
 Duties, imposts, and excises. Congress shall have power 
 
 -to lay and collect taxes i 8 i 10 
 
 Shall be uniform throughout the United States i 81 10 
 
 Duties shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 
 
 No tax or i 9 5 18 
 
 Duties in another State. Vessels clearing in the ports of 
 
 one State shall not be obliged to pay i 9 5 18 
 
 On imports and exports, without the consent of Con- 
 gress, except where necessary for executing its 
 inspection laws. No State shall lay any i 10 2 23 
 
 Duties on imports or exports. The net produce of all such 
 duties shall be for the use of the Treasury of the 
 
 United States i 10 2 23 
 
 All laws laying such duties shall be subject to the re- 
 vision and control of Congress 1 10 2 23 
 
 Duty of tonnage without the consent of Congress. No 
 
 State shall lay any i 10 3 23 
 
 E. 
 
 Election of President and Vice-President. Congress may ' 
 
 determine the day for the 2 1 3 25 
 
 Shall be the same throughout the United States. The 
 
 day of the 2 i 3 25 
 
 Elections for Senators and Representatives. The legisla- 
 tures of the States shall prescribe the times, places, 
 
 and manner of holding i 4 1 7 
 
 But Congress may, at any time, alter such regulations, 
 
 except as to the places of choosing Senators i 4 i 7 
 
 Elections for Senators and Representatives. Returns and 
 qualifications of its own members. Bach House 
 shall be judge of the i 5 i 8 
 
 Electors for members of the House of Representatives. 
 
 Qualifications of. i 2 1 4 
 
 Electors for members of the Senate, qualifications of. The 
 
 sixteenth amendment. [Amendments] 17 - - 57 
 
 Electors for President and Vice-President. Each State 
 shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature 
 thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to 
 the whole number of Senators and Representatives 
 to which the State may be entitled in the Congress. 2 i 2 24 
 But no Senator or Representative, or person holding 
 an office of trust or profit under the United States 
 shall be appointed an elector 2 i r, 24 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 85 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Electors. Congress may determine the time of choo.sing 
 the electors and the day on which they shall give 
 
 their votes 2 i 3 25 
 
 Which day shall be the same throughout the United 
 
 States 2 I 3 25 
 
 The electors shall meet in their respective States and 
 vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one 
 of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the 
 same State with themselves. [Amendments] 12 , - - 46 
 
 .E/^rfor^ shall" name, in their ballots, the person voted for 
 as President; and in distinct ballots the person voted 
 
 for as Vice-President. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted for 
 as President and of persons voted for as Vice-Presi- 
 dent, which they shall sign and certify, and trans- 
 mit sealed to the seat of government, directed to the 
 
 President of the Senate. [Amendments] ^12 - - 46 
 
 No person having taken an oath as a legislative, execu- 
 tive, or judicial officer of the United States, or of 
 any State, and afterwards engaged in insurrection 
 or rebellion against the United States, shall be an 
 
 elector. [Amendments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 
 House, remove such disability. [Amendments] ... 14 3 - 54 
 
 Emancipation of any slave shall be held to be illegal and 
 
 void. Claims for the loss or. [Amendments] .... 14 4 - 55 
 
 Emit bills of credit. No state shall i 10 i 19 
 
 Emolument of any kind from any king, prince, or foreign 
 State, without the consent of Congress. No person 
 holding any, office under the United States shall 
 accept any i 9 8 18 
 
 Enem.ies. Treason shall consist in levying war against 
 
 the United States, in adhering to, or giving aid and . 
 
 comfort to their ., 3 3 i 32 
 
 Engagements contracted before the adoption of this Con- 
 stitution shall be valid. All debts and 6 - i 36 
 
 Enutneration of the inhabitants shall be made within three 
 years after the first meeting of Congress, and within 
 
 every subsequent term of ten years thereafter 'i 23 4 
 
 Ratio of representation not to exceed one for every 
 
 30,000 until the first enumeration shall be made . . . i 23 4 
 In the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be con- 
 strued to deny or disparage others retained by the 
 people. The. [Amendments.] [See sixteenth 
 amendment, page 56] 9 - - 44 
 
 Equal protection of the laws. No State shall deny to any 
 
 person within its jurisdiction the. [Amendments]. 14 1-47 
 
 Equal suffrage in the Senate. No State shall be deprived 
 
 without its consent of its 5 - - 39 
 
&6 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec, CI. Pa^t. 
 
 Establishment of this Constitution between the States 
 ratifying the same. The ratification of nine States 
 shall be sufficient for the 7 - - 37 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines im- 
 posed, nor cruel and unusual punishments infiicted. 
 [Amendments] 8 - - 44 • 
 
 Excises. Congress shall have power to lay and collect 
 
 taxes, duties, imposts, and i 8 1 10 
 
 Shall be uniform throughout the United States. All 
 
 duties, imposts, and i 8 i 10 
 
 Exclusive legislation, in all cases, over such district as 
 may become the seat of government. Congress 
 shall exercise 1 8 17 16 
 
 Exclusive legislation over all places purchased for the 
 erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and 
 other needful buildings. Congress shall exercise. . i 8 17 i6 
 
 Executive of a State. The United States shall protect each 
 State against invasion and domestic violence on the 
 application of the legislature or the 4 4 - 32 
 
 Executive and judicial officers of the United States and of 
 the several States shall be bound by an oath to sup- 
 port the Constitution .- 6 - 3 37 
 
 Executive Departments. On subjects relating to their 
 duties the President may require the written opin- 
 ions of the principal officers in each of the 2 2 i 26 
 
 Congress may by law vest the appointment of inferior 
 officers in the heads of 2 2 2 26 
 
 Executive power shall be vested in a President of the 
 
 United States of America. The 2 i i 24 
 
 Expel a m.ember. Each House, with the concurrence, of 
 
 two-thirds, may r. 152 8 
 
 Expenditures of public money shall be published from 
 
 tinietotime. A regular statement of the receipts and. i 9 7 18 
 
 Exportations from any State. No tax or duty shall be 
 
 laid on I 9 5 i8 
 
 Exports or imports, except upon certain conditions. No 
 State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any 
 
 duties on i 10 2 23 
 
 I<aid by any State shall be for the use of the Treasury. 
 
 The net produce of all duties on I 10 3 23 
 
 Shall be subject to the revision and control of Con- 
 gress. All laws of the States laying duties-on i 10 2 23 
 
 Ex post facto law shaW he. ■pa.ss^di. No bill of attainder or. i 9 3 18 
 
 Ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of con- 
 tracts. No State shall pass any bill of attainder. . . i 10 i 19 
 
 Extraordinary occasions. The President may convene 
 
 both Houses or either of them 2 3 - 27 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 87 
 
 F. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI, F&ge. 
 
 Faith and credit in each State shall be given to the acts, 
 records, and judicial proceedings of another State. 
 Pull 4 I - 32 
 
 Felony, and breach of the peace. Members of Congress 
 
 shall not be privileged from arrest for treason 1 6 1 8 
 
 Felonies committed on the high seas. Congress shall have 
 
 power to define and punish piracies and i 8 10 15 
 
 Fines. Excessive fines shall not be imposed. [Amend- 
 ments] 8 - - 44 
 
 Foreign coin. Congress shall have power to coin money, 
 fix the standard of weights and measures, and to 
 regulate the value of i 8 5 14 
 
 Foreign nations among the States and with the Indian 
 tribes. Congress shall have power to regulate com- 
 merce with I 8 3 II 
 
 Foreign power. No State shall, without the cons&nt of 
 Congress, enter into any compact or agreement with 
 any i 10 3 23 
 
 Forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted. 
 
 Attainder of treason shall not work 3 3 2 32 
 
 Formation of new States. Provisions relating to the .... 4 31 34 
 
 Form of government.. The United States shall guarantee 
 
 to every State in this Union a republican 4 4 - 35 ' 
 
 And shall protect each of them against invasion; and 
 on application of the legislature or of the executive 
 (when the legislature can not be convened) against 
 domestic violence 4 4 - 35 
 
 Forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful 
 buildings. Congress shall exercise exclusive au- 
 thority over all places purchased for the erection 
 of 1 817 16 
 
 Freedom of speech or the press. Congress shall make no 
 
 law- abridging the. [Amendments] i - - 39 
 
 Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms 
 shall not 'be infringed. A well-regulated militia 
 being necessary to the security of a. [Amendments]. 2 - - 39 
 
 Fugitives from crime found in another State shall, on 
 demand, be delivered up 4*0 the authorities of the 
 State from which they may flee 4 2 2 34 
 
 Fugitives from service or labor in one State, escaping into 
 another State, shall be delivered up to the party to 
 whom such service or labor may be due 4 2 3 34 
 
 G. 
 
 General welfare and secure the blessings of liberty, etc. 
 
 To promote the. [Preamble] - - - 3 
 
88 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pftge^ 
 
 General welfare. Congress shall have power to provide 
 
 for the common defense and I 8 i lo 
 
 Georgia shall be entitled to three Representatives in the 
 
 First Congress i 2 3 4 
 
 Gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts. No 
 
 State shall make anything but i 10 i 19 
 
 Good behavior. The judges of the Supreme and inferior 
 
 courts shall hold their offices during 3 i - 27 
 
 Govetnment. The United States shall guarantee to every 
 
 State in this Union a republican form of 4 4 - 35 
 
 And shall protect each of them against invasion; and 
 on application of the legislature or of the executive 
 (when the legislature can not be convened) against 
 domiestic violence 4 4 - 35 
 
 Grand jury. No person shall be held to answer for a caipi- 
 tal or otherwise infamous crime, unless on the pre- 
 sentment of a. ■ [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 Except in cases arising in the land and naval forces, 
 and in the militia when in actual service. [Amend- 
 ments] 5 - - 40 
 
 Guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form 
 
 of government. The United States shall 4 4 - 35 
 
 Guarantee. And shall protect each of them against in- 
 vasion, and on application of the legislature or of 
 the executive (when the legislature can not be con- 
 vened) against domestic violence 4 4 - 35 
 
 H. 
 
 Habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless in cases of 
 
 rebellion or invasion. The writ of i 9 2 17 
 
 Heads of Departments. Congress may by law vest the 
 
 appointment of inferior officers in the 2 ~' 2 28 
 
 On any subject relating to their duties, the President 
 may require the written opinion of the principal 
 
 officers in each of the Executive Departments 2 2 i 26 
 
 High crimes and misdemeanors. The President, Vice- 
 President, and all civil officers shall be removed on 
 impeachment for and conviction of ■•treason, bribery, 
 
 or other 2 4 - 27 
 
 House of Representatives. Congress shall consist of a 
 
 Senate and i i - 4 
 
 Shall be composed of members chosen every second year 121 4 
 
 Qualifications of electors for members of the i 2 i 4 
 
 No person shall be a member who .shall not have 
 attained the age of twenty-five years, and been 
 seven years a citizen of the United States 122 4 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 89 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pilgc. 
 
 House of Representatives. The executives of the several 
 States shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies 
 in the [24 6 
 
 Shall choose their Speaker and other officers i 2 5 6 
 
 Shall have the sole power of impeachment i 2 5 6 
 
 Shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qual- 
 ifications of its own members i 5 i S 
 
 A majority shall constitute a quorum to do business. . 151 8 
 
 Less than a majority may adjourn from day to day, 
 
 and compel the attendance of absent members .... i 51 8 
 
 May determine its own rules of proceedings i 5 2 8 
 
 May punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, 
 withtheconcurrenceof two-thirds, expel a member. 152 8 
 
 Shall keep a journal of its proceedings i 5 3 8 
 
 Shall not adjourn for more than three days during the 
 sessionof Congress without the consent of the Senate 154 8 
 
 For any speech or debate in either House, members 
 shall not be questioned in any other place i 6 i 8 
 
 No person holding any office under the United States 
 shall, while holding such office, be a member of 
 the I 6 2 8 
 
 No member shall, during the time for which he was 
 elected, be appointed to an office which shall have 
 been created or the emoluments increased during his 
 membership 1 6 2 8 
 
 All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the. .. . 171 9 
 
 The votes for President and "Vice-President shall be 
 counted in the presence of the Senate and. [Amend- 
 ments] 12 - - 46 
 
 If no person have a majority of electoral votes, then 
 from the three highest on the list the House of 
 Representatives shall immediately, by ballot, choose 
 a President. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 They shall vote by States, each State counting one 
 
 vote. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 A quorum shall consist of a member or members 
 from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all 
 the States shall be necessary to the choice of a 
 President. [Amendments] I2 - - 46 
 
 No person having as a legislative, executive, or judi- 
 cial officer of the United States, or of any State, 
 taken an oath to support the Constitution, and 
 afterwards engaged in insurrection or rebellion 
 against the United States, shall be a member of the. 
 [Amendments] i4 3 - 54 
 
 But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 House, remove such disability. [Amendments] ... 14 3 - 54 
 
90 
 
 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 I. 
 
 Alt. 
 
 Imminent danger as will not admit of delay. No State 
 shall, without the consent of Congress, engage in 
 
 war, unless actually invaded or in such i 
 
 Immunities. Members of Congress shall, in all cases ex- 
 cept treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be 
 privileged from arrest during their attendance at 
 the session of their respective Houses, and in going 
 to and returning from the same i 
 
 No soldier shall be quartered in any house without the 
 consent of the owner in time of peace. [Amend- 
 ments] 3 
 
 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or 
 limb for the same offense. [Amendments] 5 
 
 All persons born or naturalized in the United States, 
 and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
 of the United States and of the State in which they 
 reside. [Amendments] 14 
 
 No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
 abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of 
 the United States. [Amendments] 14 
 
 Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, lib- 
 erty, or property without due process of law. 
 [Amendments] 14 
 
 Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the 
 
 equal protection of the laws. [Amendments] 14 
 
 Im,peachment. The President may grant reprieves and 
 
 pardons except in cases of 2 
 
 The House of Representatives shall have the sole 
 power of I 
 
 The trial of all crimes shall be by jury, except in 
 
 cases- of 3 
 
 Impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, and 
 other high crimes and misdemeanors. The Presi- 
 dent, Vice-President, and all civil officers shall be 
 
 removed upon 2 
 
 Impeachments. The Senate shall have sole power to try 
 all 
 
 The Senate shall be on oath or affirmation when sit- 
 ting for the trial of 
 
 When the President of the United States is tried the 
 Chief Justice shall preside 
 
 No person shall be convicted without the concurrence 
 of two-thirds of the members present 
 
 Judgment shall not extend beyond removal from 
 office and disqualification to hold office 
 
 But the party convicted shall be liable to indictment 
 and punishment according to law 
 
 Sec; C[. Psge. 
 
 10 3 2^ 
 
 6 I 8 
 
 - - 40 
 
 - - 40 
 
 I - 47 
 
 I - 47 
 
 I - 47 
 
 1 - 47 
 
 2 I 26 
 2 5 6 
 2 3 32 
 
 4-27 
 
 36 7 
 
 3 6 
 3 6 
 3 6 
 
 3 .7 
 
 3 7 7 
 
Index to the Constitution ofHhe United States. 91 
 
 Art. Seo. CI. Page. 
 
 Importation of slaves prior to 1808 shall not be prohibited 
 
 by the Congress i o i jy 
 
 But a tax or .duty of ten dollars for each person may 
 be imposed on such i 9 i 17 
 
 Imports or exports except what may be absolutely neces- 
 sary for executing its inspection laws. No State 
 shall, -without the consent of Congress, lay any 
 imposts or duties on i 10 2 23 
 
 Imports or exports laid by any State shall be for the use 
 
 of the Treasury. The net produce of all duties on . i 10 2 23 
 
 Imports or exports shall be subject to the revision and 
 control of Congress. All laws of States laying 
 duties on i 10 2 24 
 
 Imposts and excises. Congress shall have power to lay 
 
 and collect taxes, duties i 8 i 10 
 
 Shall be uniform throughout the United States. All 
 
 taxes, duties ' i 8 i 10 
 
 Inability of the President, the powers and duties of his 
 office shall devolve on the Vice-President. In case 
 of the death, resignation, or 2 i 5 25 
 
 Inabihty of the President or Vice-President. Congress 
 may provide by law for the case of the removal, 
 death, resignation, or 2 i 5 25 
 
 Incomes, the Congress shall have power to lay and collect 
 taxes on. The sixteenth amendment. [Amend- 
 ments] 16 - - 56 
 
 Indian tribes. Congress shall have power to regelate 
 
 commerce with the .' i 8 3 11 
 
 Indictment or presentment of a grand jury. No'^person 
 shall be held to answer for a capital or infamous 
 
 crime imless on. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 Except in cases arising in the land or naval forces or 
 in the militia when in actual service. [Amend- 
 ments] S - - 40 
 
 Ifidictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according 
 to law. The party convicted in case of impeach- 
 ment shall nevertheless be liable and subject to. . . . i 3 7 7 
 
 Infamous crime unless on presentment or indictment of a 
 grand jury. No person shall be held to answer for 
 a capital or. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 Inferior courts. Congress shall have power to constitute 
 
 tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court i 8 9 15 
 
 Inferior courts as Congress may establish. The judicial 
 power of the United States shall be vested in one 
 
 Supreme Court and such 3 i - 27 
 
 The judges of both the Supreme and inferior courts 
 
 shall hold their offices during good behavior 3 i - 27 
 
 Their compensation shall not be diminished during 
 their continuance in office 3 I - 27 
 
92 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Pag(i 
 
 Inferior officers in the courts of law, in the President alone, 
 or in the heads of Departments. Congress, if they 
 think proper, may by law vest the appointment of . , 2 22 26 
 
 Inhabitant of the State for which he shall be chosen. No 
 person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained 
 the age of thirty years, been nine years a citizen of 
 the United States, and who shall not, when elected, 
 be an i 3 3 7 
 
 Insurrection or rebellion against the United States. No 
 person shall be a Senator or Representative in Con- 
 gress, or Presidential elector, or hold any office, civil 
 or military, under the United States, or any State, 
 who, .having taken an oath as a legislative, execu- 
 tive, or judicial officer of the United States, or of a 
 State, afterwards engaged in. [Amendments] .... 14 3 - 54 
 But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 
 House, remove such disabilities. , [Amendments] . . 14 3 - 54 
 Debts declared illegal and void which were contracted 
 
 in aid of. [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 Insurrections and repel invasions. Congress shall provide 
 
 for calling forth the militia to suppress i 8 15 15 
 
 Invasion. No State shall, without the consent of Con- 
 gress, engage in war unless actually invaded, or in 
 such imminent danger as will not admit of delay . . i 103 23 
 The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended 
 
 unlessin case of rebellion or i 9 2 17 
 
 Invasimi and domestic violence. The United States shall 
 
 protect each State against 4 -^ - 35 
 
 Invasions. Congress shall provide for calling forth the 
 
 militia to suppress insurrections and repel i 815 15 
 
 Inventors and authors in their inventions and writings. 
 Congress may pass laws to secure for limited times 
 exclusive Tights to i 8 8 14 
 
 Involuntary servitude^ except as a punishment for crime, 
 abolished in the United States. Slavery and. 
 [Amendments] 13 i - 47 
 
 Jeopardy of life or limb for the same offense. No person 
 
 shall be twice put in. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 yo«r«a/ of its proceedings. Each House shall keep a ... . 153 8 
 Judges in every State shall be bound by the Constitution, 
 the laws made in pursuance thereof, and treaties of 
 the United States, which shall be tlie supreme law 
 of the land , 6 - 2 36 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 93 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. P.ge. 
 
 Judges of the Supreme and inferior courts shall hold their 
 
 offices during good behavior 3 i _ 27 
 
 Their compensation shall not be diminished during 
 
 their continuance in office 3 i _ 27 
 
 Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further 
 than to removal from office and disqualification to 
 hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the 
 United States i 3 7 7 
 
 But the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable 
 and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and pun- 
 ishment according to law i 3 7 7 
 
 Judicial power ojthe United States. Congress shall have 
 power, to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme 
 Court I 8 9 15 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
 in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts 
 as Congress may from time to time ordain and estab-^ 
 lish 3 I _ 27 
 
 The judges of the" Supreme and inferior comrts shall 
 
 hold their offices during good behavior 3 i - 27 
 
 Their compensation shall not be diminished during 
 their continuance in office 3 1 -_^ 27 
 
 It shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising 
 under the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the 
 United States 3 2 i 28 
 
 To all cases affecting ambassadors, other public min- 
 isters and consuls 3 2 
 
 To-all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction . . 3 2 
 
 To controversies to which the United States shall be 
 
 a party 3 2 
 
 To controversies between two or more States 3 ? 
 
 To controversies between a State and citizens of another 
 State 3 2 
 
 To controversies between citizens of different States. . 3 2 
 
 To citizens of the same State claiming lands under 
 grants of different States 3 2 i 28 
 
 To controversies between a State or its citizens and 
 foreign states, citizens, or subjects 3 2 i 28 
 
 In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public min- 
 isters and consuls, and those in which a State shall 
 be a party, the Supreme Court shalkhave original 
 jurisdiction 3 2 2 31 
 
 In all other cases before mentioned it shall have appel- 
 late jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such 
 exceptions and under such regulations as Congress 
 
 shall make 3 2 2 31 
 
 The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, 
 
 shall be by jury 3 2 3 31 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 28 
 
94 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Judicial power of the United States. The trial shall be 
 held in the State where the crimes shall have been 
 
 committed 3 2 3 31 
 
 But when not committed in a State, the trial shall be 
 at such place or places as Congress may by law have 
 
 directed 3 2 3 31 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not be 
 held to extend to any suit in law or equity com- 
 menced or prosecuted against one of the United 
 States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or 
 subjects of any foreign state. [Amendments] 11 - - 45 
 
 Judicial proceedings of every other State. Full faith and 
 credit shall be given in each State to the acts, records, 
 
 and 4 I - 32 
 
 Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving such 
 acts, records, and proceedings 4 i - 32 
 
 Judicial and executive officers of the United States and of 
 the several States shall be bound by an oath to sup- 
 port the Constitution " 6 - 3 37 
 
 Judiciary. The Supreme Coml shall have original juris- 
 diction in all cases affecting ambassadors, other pub- 
 , lie ministers and consuls, and those in which a State 
 
 may be a party i . . 3 2 2 31 
 
 The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction 
 both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and 
 regulations as Congress may make ! 3 2 2 31 
 
 Junction of two or more States or parts of States without 
 the consent of the legislatures and of Congress. No 
 State shall be formed by the 4 3 i 34 
 
 Jurisdiction of another State. No new State shall be 
 
 formed or erected within the 4 3 i 34 
 
 Jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
 and under such regulations as Congress may make. 
 The Supreme Court shall have appellate 3 2 2 31 
 
 Jurisdiction. In all cases affecting ambassadors, and other 
 public ministers and consulSj and in cases where a 
 State is a party, the Supreme Court shall have origi- 
 nal 3 2 2 31 
 
 Jury. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
 ment, shall be by 3 2 3 31 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a 
 
 speedy and public trial by. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 All suits at common law, where the value exceeds 
 
 twenty dollars, shall be tried by. [Amendments] .7 - - 43 
 Where a fact has been tried by a jury it shall not be 
 reexamined except by the rules of the common law. 
 [Amendments] 7 - - 43 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 95 
 
 Art. Sac. CI. Page. 
 
 Just compensation. Private property shall not be taken 
 
 for public use without. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 Justice, insure domestic tranquillity, etc. To establish. 
 
 [Preamble] '. _ - - 3 
 
 Labor, in one State, escaping into another State, shall be 
 delivered up to the party to whom such service or 
 labor may be due. Fugitives from service or 4 2 3 34. 
 
 Land and naval forces. Congress shall make rules for the 
 
 government and regulation of the i 8 14 15 
 
 Law and fact, with exceptions and under regulations to be 
 made by Congress. The Supreme Court shall have 
 appellate jurisdiction as to 3 2 2 31 
 
 Law of the land. The Constitution, the laws made in 
 pmrsuance thereof, and treaties of the United States 
 
 shall be the supreme 6 - 2 36 
 
 The judges in every State shall be bound thereby. ... 6 - 2 36 
 
 Law of nations. Congress shall provide for punishing 
 
 offenses against the i 8 10 15 
 
 Laws. Congress shall have power to provide for calling 
 forth the militia to suppress insiirrection, repel inva- 
 sions, and to execute the i 8 15 15 
 
 Laws and treaties of the United States. The judicial 
 power shall extend to all cases in law and' equity 
 arising under the Constitution or the 3 2 i 28 
 
 Laws necessary to carry into execution the powers vested 
 in the Government, or in any department or officer 
 of the United States. Congress shall have power to 
 make all i 8 18 16 
 
 kegal tender in payment of debts. No State shall make 
 
 anjiiiing but gold and silver coin a i 10 i 19 
 
 Legislation in all cases over such district as may become 
 the seat of government. Congress shall have 
 
 power to exercise exclusive i 8 17 16 
 
 Over all places purchased by consent of the legislatures 
 in the different States for the erection of forts, maga- 
 zines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful build- 
 "" ings. Congressehall have power to exercise exclusive i 8 17 16 
 
 Legislation. Congress shall have power to make all laws 
 necessary and proper for carrying into execution all 
 the powers vested by the Constitution in the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States, or in any department 
 
 or officer thereof 1 8 18 16 
 
 Congress shall have power to enforce the thirteenth 
 amendment by appropriate. [Amendments] 13 2 - 4.7 
 
g6 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI, Page, 
 
 Legislation. Congress shall have power to enforce the 
 fourteenth amendment by appropriate. [Amend- 
 ments] 14 5 - 55 
 
 Congress shall have power to enforce the fifteenth 
 amendment by a|)propriate. [Amendments] 15 2 55 
 
 Legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Con- 
 gress. All I I - 4 
 
 Legislature or the executive (when the legislature can not 
 be convened) . The United States sHall protect each 
 State against invasion; and against domestic violence 
 on the application of the , . . 4 4 - 35 
 
 Legislatures of two-thirds of the States, Congress shall 
 call a convention for proposing amendments to the 
 Constitution. On the application of the 5 - - 36 
 
 Letters of marque and reprisal. Congress shall have power 
 
 to grant ,, '. I 811 15 
 
 No State shall grant ....»« i 10 i 19 
 
 Liberty to ourselves and oiur posterity, etc. To secure the 
 
 blessings of. [Preamble] - - - 3 
 
 Life, liberty, and property without due process of law. No 
 person shall be compelled in any criminal case to 
 be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of. 
 
 [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities of 
 citizens of the United States, nor deprive any person 
 of. [Amendments] 14 i - 47 
 
 Life or limb for the same offense. No person shall be 
 
 twice put in jeopardy of. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 Loss or emancipation of any slave shall be held illegal and 
 
 void. Claims for the. [Amendments] . . . ■. 14 4 - 55 
 
 M. 
 
 Magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful build- 
 ings. Congress shall have exclusive authority over 
 all places purchased for the erection of i 8 17 i6 
 
 Majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do 
 
 business. A i 5 i 8 
 
 But a smaller number may adjourn from day to day 
 and may be authorized to compel the attendance of 
 absent members i 51 8 
 
 Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. .151 8 
 When the choice of a President shall devolve on the 
 House of Representatives, a quorum shall consist of 
 a member or members from two-thirds of the States; 
 but a. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
8 II 
 
 15 
 
 lO I 
 
 19 
 
 2 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 3 
 
 4 
 
 8 5 
 
 14 
 
 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 97 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Majority. When the choice of a Vice President shall 
 devolve on the Senate, a quorum shall consist of 
 two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a 
 majority of the whole number shall be necessary to 
 a choice. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 Maritime jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend 
 
 to all cases of admiralty and 3 2 i 28 
 
 Marque and reprisal. Congress shall have power to grant 
 
 letters of .......... .1 i 
 
 N6 State snail grant any letters of i 
 
 Maryland^!sntitle6. to six Representatives in the First Con- 
 gress I 
 
 Massachusetts entitled to eight Representatives in the First 
 
 Congress I 
 
 Measures.' Congress shall fix the standard of -weights and. i 
 
 Meeting of Congress. The Congress shall assemble at 
 least once in every year, and such meeting shall be 
 on the first Monday in Deceniber, unless they shall 
 by law appoint a different day. l 4 2 8 
 
 Members of Congress and of State legislatiures shall be 
 bound by oath or affirmation to support the Consti- 
 tutipn ; 6 - 3 36 
 
 Militia to' execute the laws, suppress insmrections, and 
 repgl invasions. Congress shall provide for calling 
 
 fdrtl the i 8 15 15 
 
 Congress shall provide for organizing, arming, and 
 
 flistaplining the i 8 16 15 
 
 Congress shall provide for governing such part of 
 
 them as may be employed by the United States I 816 15 
 
 Reserving to the States the appointment of the officers 
 and the right to train the niilitia according to the 
 
 disdpline prescribed by Congress . ^ i 8 16 15 
 
 A well-regulated militia being necessary to tte secu- 
 rity of a free State, the right of the people to keep 
 and bear arms shall not be infringed. [Ardend- 
 ments] ■ ■ • 2 - - 37 
 
 Misdemeanors. The President, Vice-President, and all 
 civil officers shall be reinoved oh impeachment for 
 ind' conviction of treason, bribery, or other high 
 "' crimes a:nd 2 4 - 27 
 
 Money on the credit of the United States. Congress shall 
 
 have power to borrow i 8 2 10 
 
 Regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin. Con- 
 gress shall have power to coin I 8 S I4 
 
 Shall be drawn from the Treasury Uut in consequence 
 
 of appropriations made by law. No. I 9 7 18 
 
 ' 97369'— S. Doc- ",63-1 7 
 
98 Index to the Constitution of the United States^ 
 
 Art. S«c. CI. . Pagft 
 
 Money. Shall be published from time to time. A regular 
 statement and account of receipts and expenditures 
 
 of public , , I 9 7 i8 
 
 For raising and supporting armies. No appropriation 
 of money shall be for a longer term than two years. . i 812 15 
 
 N. 
 
 Nations. Congress shall have power to regulate com- 
 merce with foreign I 8 3 ir 
 
 Congress shall provide for punishing offenses against 
 the law of i 8 10 15 
 
 Natural-bom citizen, or a citizen at the adoption of the 
 Constitution, shall be eligible to the oflBce of Presi- 
 dent. No person except a 2 i 4 25 
 
 Naturalization. Congress shall have power to establish 
 
 a uniform rule of i 8 4 14 
 
 Naturalized in the United States, and subject to their 
 jurisdiction, shall be citizens of the United States 
 and of the State in which they reside. All persons 
 bom or. [Amendments] 14 i - 47- 
 
 Naval forces. Congress shall make rules and regulations 
 
 for the government and regulation of the land and. I 814 15 
 
 Navy. Congress .shall have power to provide and main- 
 tain a I 813 15 
 
 New Hampshire entitled to three Representatives in the 
 
 First Congress 123 4 
 
 New Jersey entitled to four Representatives in the First 
 
 Congress i 2 3 4 
 
 iViJze' .Sfafei may be admitted by Congress into this Union. 4 3 i 34 
 But no new State shall be formed within the jurisdic- 
 tion of another State 4 3 i 34 
 
 Nor shall any State be formed by the junction of two 
 or more States, or parts of States, without the consent 
 of the legislatures and of Congress 4 3 i 34 
 
 New York entitled to six Representatives in the First Con- 
 gress 123 4 
 
 Nobility shall be granted by the United States. No title 
 
 of 1 9 8 iS 
 
 No State shall grant any title of . -. I 10 i 19 
 
 J^ominations for office by the President. The President 
 §hall nominate, and, by and with the advice and 
 consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors 
 
 and other public officers 2 2 2 26 
 
 He may grant commissions to fill vacancies that hap- 
 pen, in the recess of the Senate, which shall expire 
 ait the end of their next session 2 2 3 27 
 
Index to the Constitution of the U7iited States. 99 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. FogG. 
 
 North Carolina entitled to five Representatives in the First 
 
 Congress 1 2 3 4 
 
 Number of electors for President and Vice-President in 
 eacli State shall be equal to the number of Senators 
 and Representatives to which such State may be 
 
 entitled in Congress 2 i 2 24 
 
 < 
 O. 
 
 Oath of office of the President of the United States. Form 
 
 of the 2 I 7 26 
 
 Oath or affirmation. No warrants shall be issued but upon 
 
 probable cause, supported by. [Amendments] .... 4 - - 40 
 
 Oath or affirmation to support the Constitution. Senators 
 and Representatives, members of State legislatures, 
 executive and .judicial ofi&cers of the United States 
 
 and of the several States, shall be bound by 6 - 3 37 
 
 But no religious test shall ever be required as a quali- 
 fication for office 6 - 3 37 
 
 The Senators when sitting to try impeachment shall 
 be on I 3 6 7 
 
 Objections. If he shall not approve it, the President shall 
 return the bill to the House in which it originated 
 with his I 7 2 gi 
 
 Obligation of contracts. No State shall pass any ex post 
 
 facto law, or law impairing the 1 10 i 19 
 
 Obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
 against the United States to be held illegal and void. 
 All debts or. [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 Offense. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of" life 
 
 or limb for the same. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 Offenses against the law of nations. Congress shall pro- 
 vide for punishing i 8 10 15 
 
 Offenses against the United States, except in cases of im- 
 peachment. The President may grant reprieves or 
 pardons for 2 2 i 26 
 
 Office under the United States. No person shall be a mem- 
 ber of either House while holding any civil i 62 S 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall be appointed to 
 
 ' any office under the United States which shall have 
 
 been created, or its ernoluments increased, during 
 
 the term for which he is elected i 6 2 8 
 
 Or title of any kind from any king, prince, 6r foreign 
 State, without the consent of Congress. No person 
 holding any office under the United States shall 
 accept of any present, emolument i 9 8 iS 
 
 Office of President, in case of his removal, death, resigna- 
 tion, or inability, shall devolve on the Vice-Presi- 
 ■' dent. The powers and duties of the 2 i 5 25, 
 
loo Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CL Fas«* 
 
 Office during the term of four years. The President and 
 
 Vice-President shall hold 2; i i 24 
 
 Of trust or profit under the. United States shall be an 
 elector for Presidesnt an4 Vice-President. No per- 
 son holding an .,..-..,,.,... 212 24 
 
 Office, civil or military under the United States, or any 
 State, who had taken an oath as a legislative, execu- 
 tive, or judicial officer of the United States, or of 
 any State, and afterwards engaged in insurrection 
 or rebellion. No person shall be a Senator, Repre- 
 sentative, or Presidential elector, or hold any. 
 [Amendments]..; '.....'.. i'l 14 3 - 54 
 
 Officers in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in 
 the heads of Bepartments, Congress may vest the 
 appointment of inferior 2 ' 2 2 26 
 
 Officers of the United States shall be removed on iippeach- 
 ment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other 
 high crimes and misdemeanors. The President, 
 Vice-President, and all civil 2 4 - 27 
 
 Offi_cers. The House of Representatives shall choose their 
 
 Speaker and other I 2 5 6 ^ 
 
 The Senate, in the absence of the Vice-President, shall 
 choos_e a President pro teiripore, and also their other, i 3 5 7 
 
 Offices becoming vacant in the recess of the S,enate may be 
 filled by the President, the commissions to expire at 
 the end of the next session. ........'...... 2 23 27 
 
 One-fifth of the members present, be entered on the jour- 
 nal of each House. The yeas and nays shall, at the 
 desire of. , ,....,',.. j 53 _8 
 
 ■Opinion of the principal officers in each of the Executive, 
 Departments on any subject relating to their duties. . 
 The President may require the written 2 21 26 
 
 Order, resolution, or vote (except on a question of adjourn- 
 ment), requiring the concjirreflce of the two Houses, . 
 shall be presented to the President. Every........ i 7 3 9 
 
 Original jurisdiction in all cases aHecting. ambassadors, 
 other public ministers and consuls, and in which a 
 State may be a partyi The Supreme Court shall 
 have ;..... ,..........;.. 3 2 2 31 
 
 ^Overt act, or on confession in open court. Conviction of 
 treason shair be on the testimony of two witnesses 
 tothe...-. 3 3 I 32 
 
 P. 
 
 J'aiffions, except; in cases of impeachment. The Presideat 
 
 may grant reprieves and ....,,.,., ,.„...,... 2 2 r 26 
 
 J'atent rights to iny^entors. Coagress may .pass laws for 
 
 ; seeuring t ..,.., ,...,,...,... i 8 &i 14 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. lor 
 
 Art. Sec. €1, Pag^„ 
 
 Peace. Members of Congress shall not be privileged from 
 
 arrest for treason, felony, and breach of the i 6 i 8 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of Congress, keep 
 
 troops or ships of war in time of i lo 3 23. 
 
 No soldier shall be quartered in any house without the 
 
 consent of the owner in time of. [Amendments] . . 3 - - 40 
 
 Pensions and bounties, shall not be questioned. The valid- 
 ity of the public debt incurred in suppressing insur- 
 rection and rebellion against the United States, 
 including the debt for. [Amendments].^ 14 4 - 55. 
 
 Pennsylvania entitled to eight Representatives in the first 
 
 Congress i 2 3 4. 
 
 People peaceably to assemble and petition for redress of 
 grievances shall not be abridged by Congress. The 
 
 right of the. [Amendments] i - - 39 
 
 To keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. A well- 
 regulated militia being necessary to the security of 
 
 a free State, the right of the. [Amendments] 2 - - 39 
 
 To be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and 
 effects against unreasonable searches and seizures 
 shall not be violated. The right of the. [Amend- 
 ments]. 4 - - 40 
 
 The enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution 
 shall not be held to deny or disparage others retained 
 
 by the. [Amendments] 9 - - 44 
 
 Powers not delegated to the United States, nor pro- 
 hibited to the States, are reserved to the States or 
 to the. [Amendments] 10 - - 44. 
 
 Perfect Union, etc. To establish a more. [Preamble] ... - - - j 
 
 Persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable 
 searches and seizures. The people shall be secure 
 in their. [Amendments] 4 - - 40 
 
 Persons as any State may think proper to admit, shall not 
 be prohibited priof to 1808. The migration or im- 
 portation of such -•. I 9 I 17 
 
 But a tax or duty of ten dollars shall be imposed on 
 the importation of each of such i 9 i 17 
 
 Petition for the redress of grievances. Congress shall make 
 no law abridging the right of the people peaceably 
 to assemble and to. [Amendments] I - - 39 
 
 Piracies and felonies committed on the high seas. Con- 
 gress shall define and punish i 8 10 15 . 
 
 Race than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 
 Neither House during the session shall, without the 
 consent of the other, adjourn for more than three 
 days, nor to any other i 5 4 8 
 
I02 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page, 
 
 Places of choosing Senators. Congress may by law make 
 or alter regulations for the election of Senators and 
 Representatives, except as to tlie I 4 I 7 
 
 Ports of one State over those of another. Preference shall 
 not be given by any regulatidn of commerce or rev- 
 enue to the .". . r 9 6 18 
 
 Ports. Vessels clearing from the ports of one State shall 
 
 not pay duties in another I 9 6 18 
 
 Post-offices and post-roads. Congress shall establish i 87 14 
 
 Powers herein granted shall be vested in Congress. All 
 
 legislative i i - 4 
 
 Powers vested by the Constitution in the Government or 
 in any Department or officer of the United States. 
 Congress shall make all laws necessary to carry into 
 execution the i 8 18 16 
 
 Powers and duties of the office shall devolve on the Vice- 
 President on the removal, death, resignation, or ina- 
 bility of the President. The 2 I 5 25 
 
 Powers not delegated to the United States nor prohibited 
 to the States are reserved to the States and to the 
 
 people. [Amendments] 10 - - 44 
 
 The enumeration of certain rights in this Constitu- 
 tion shall not be held to deny or disparage others 
 retained by the people. [Amendments] 9 - - 44 
 
 F'reference, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, 
 shall not be given to the ports of one State over 
 those of another 1 9 6 18 
 
 Prejudice any claims of the United States or of any partic- 
 ular State respecting the territory or property of the 
 United gtates. Nothing in this Constitution shall . 4 3 2 35 
 
 Present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever 
 from any king, prince, or foreign State. No person 
 holding any office under the United States shall, 
 without the' consent of Congress, accept any i 9 8 18 
 
 Presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases 
 arising in the land or naval forces or in the militia 
 when in actual service. No person shall be held to 
 answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime 
 unless on a. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 President of the United States. The Senate shall choose a 
 President pro tempore when the Vice-President shall 
 
 exercise the office of 1 3 5 7 
 
 The Chief Justice shall preside upon the trial of the. . i 367 
 Shall approve and sign all bills passed by Congress 
 
 before they shall become laws i 7 2 9 
 
 Shall return to the House in which it originated, with 
 his objections, any bill which he shall not approve. 172 9 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 103 ' 
 
 Alt. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 President of the United States. If not returned within ten 
 days (Sundays excepted) it shall become a law, 
 unless Congress shall adjourn before the expiration 
 of that time i 7 2 9 
 
 Every order, resolution, or vote which requires the 
 concurrence of both Houses, except on a question 
 of adjournment, shall be presented to the i 7 3 9 
 
 If disapproved by him, shall be returned and pro- 
 ceeded on as in the case of a bill I 7 3 9 
 
 The executive power shall be vested in a 2 i i 24 
 
 He shall hold his office during the term of four 
 
 years 2 i i 24 
 
 In case of the removal of the President from office, or 
 of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge 
 the duties of his office, the Vice-President shall per- 
 form the duties of 2 i 5 25 
 
 , Congress may declare, by law, in the case of the re- 
 m.oval, death, resignation, or inability of the Presi- 
 dent, what officer shall act as 2 i 5 25 
 
 The President shall receive a compensation which 
 shall not be increased nor diminished dmring his 
 term, nor shall he receive any other emolrunent 
 from the United States 2 i 6 25 
 
 Before he enters upon the execution of his office he 
 
 shall take an oath of office 2 i 7 26 
 
 Shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, 
 and of the militia of the States when called into 
 actual service 2 2 i 26 
 
 He may require the opinion, in writing, of the prin- 
 cipal officer in each of the Executive Departments. 2 2 i 26 
 
 He may grant reprieves or pardons for offenses, except 
 in cases of impeachment 2 2 i 26 
 
 Ee may make treaties, by and with the advice and 
 consent of the Senate, two-thirds of the Senators 
 present concurring 2 2 2 26 
 
 He may appoint, by and with the advice and consent 
 of the Senate, ambassadors, other public ministers 
 and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all 
 other officers whose appointments may be authorized 
 by law and not herein provided for 2 2 2 26 
 
 Congress may vest the appointment of inferior officers 
 
 in the 2 2 2 26 
 
 He may fill up all vacancies that may happen in the 
 recess of the Senate by commissions which shall 
 expire at the end of their next session 2 2 3 27 
 
 He shall give information to Congress of the state of 
 
 the Union, and recommend measures 2 3 - 27 
 
I04 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Plgek 
 
 President of the United States. On extraordinary occa- 
 sions he may convene both Houses or either House 
 of Congress , 2 3 - 27 
 
 In case of disagreement between the two Houses as to 
 the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to 
 such time as he may think proper 2 3 - 27 
 
 He shall receive ambassadors and other public min- 
 isters ... .^ 2 .3 - 27 
 
 He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. 2, 3 - 27 
 
 He shall commission all the officers of the United 
 States 2 3 - 27 
 
 Shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and 
 conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes 
 and misdemeanors , 2 4 - 27 
 
 No person except a natural-born citizen or a citizen of 
 the United States at the adoption of the Constitu- 
 tion shall be eligible to the office of 2 I 4 25 
 
 No person who shall not have attained the age of 
 thirty-five years and been fourteen years a citizen of 
 the United States shall be eligible to the office of . . 2 14 25 
 President and Vice-President. Manner 0/ choosing. Each 
 State, by its legislatiure, shall appoint a number of 
 electors equal to the whole number of Senators and 
 Representatives to which the State may be entitled 
 in the Congress 2 i 2 24 
 
 No Senator or Representative or person holding an office 
 of trust or profit under the United States shall be an 
 elector 2 i 2 24. 
 
 Congress may determine the time of choosing the 
 electors and the day on which they shall give their 
 votes, which day shall be the same throughout the 
 United States 2 i 3 25 
 
 The electors shall meet in their respective States and 
 vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one 
 of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the 
 same State with themselves. [Amendments] 12 - - 4& 
 
 They shall name in distinct ballots the person voted 
 for as President and the person voted for as Vice- 
 President. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted for 
 as President and as Vice-President, which they shall 
 sign and certify and transmit sealed to the President 
 of the Senate at the seat of government. [Amend- 
 ments] 12 - - 46 
 
 The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of 
 the Senate and House of Representatives, open all 
 the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
 [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 105 
 
 . Art. Sec. CI, Ptge, 
 
 tvestdent and Vice-President. Manner 0/ choosing. The 
 person having the greatest number of votes shall 
 be the President, if such number be a majority of 
 the whole number of electors appointed. [Amend- 
 
 nients] 12 _ _ 46. 
 
 If no person have such majority, then from the per- 
 sons having the highest numbers, not exceeding 
 three, on the list of those voted for as President, the 
 House of Representatives shall choose immediately, 
 
 by ballot, the President. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 In choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by 
 States, the representation from each State having 
 
 one vote. [Amendments] 12 - - 4& 
 
 A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member 
 or members from two-thirds of the States, and a 
 majority of all the States shall be necessary to a 
 
 choice. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 But if no choice shall be made before the 4th of 
 March next following, then the Vice-President 
 shall act as President, as in the case of the death or 
 disability of the President. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless the 
 Senate be equally divided. The Vice-President shall 
 fee I 3 4 7 
 
 I^esident pro tempore. In the absence of the Vice-Presi- 
 dent the §enate shall choose a I 3 5 7 
 
 When the Vice-President shall exercise the office of 
 President of the United States, the Senate shall 
 choose a i 3 5 7 
 
 Press. Congress shall pass no law abridging the freedom 
 
 of speech or of the. [Amendments] i - - 39. 
 
 Previous condition of servitude. The right of citizens of 
 the United States to vote shall not be denied or 
 abridged by the United States, or by any State, on 
 account of race, color, or. [Amendments] 15 i - 55 
 
 Rdvate property shall not be taken for public use without 
 
 just compensation. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
 F^vilege. Senators and Representatives shall', in all cases 
 
 except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be 
 
 privileged from arrest during their attendance at the 
 
 » session of their respective Houses, and in going to 
 
 and returning from the same i 6 i 8 
 
 They shall not be questioned for any speech or debate 
 
 in either House in any other place i 6 I 8 
 
 Privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States. 
 The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all 
 the privileges and immunities of the citizens of the 
 several States 4 2 i 33 
 
io6 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec, Ct Fa««. 
 
 Privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States. 
 No soldier stall be quartered in any house without 
 the consent of the owner in time of peace. [Amend- 
 ments] 3 - - 40 
 
 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or 
 
 limb for the same offense. [Amendments] 5 -- 40 
 
 All persons bom or naturalized in the United States, 
 and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
 of the United States and of the State in which they 
 
 reside. [Amendments] 14 i - 47 
 
 No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
 
 abridge the. [Amendments] • 14 i - 47 
 
 No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or 
 property without due process of law. [Amend- 
 ments] 14 X - 47 
 
 Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the 
 
 equal protection of its laws. [Amendments] 14 i - 47 
 
 Prizes captured on land or water. Congress shall make 
 
 rules concerning i 811 15 
 
 Probable cause. The right of the people to be secure in 
 their ■persons, houses, papers, and effects against 
 unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be vio- 
 lated, and no warrant shall issue for such but upon. 
 [Amendments] . 4 - - 40 
 
 Process of law. No person shall be compelled in any 
 criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor 
 be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due. 
 
 [Amendments] 5 — - 40 
 
 No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or 
 property without due. [Amendments] 14 i — 47 
 
 Process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. In all crimi- 
 nal prosecutions the accused shall have. [Amend- 
 ments] 6 - - 43 
 
 Progress of science and useful arts. Congress shall have 
 
 power to promote the i 8 8 14 
 
 Property of the United States. Congress may dispose of 
 and make all needful rules and regulations respect- 
 ing the territory or , . . . 4 3 2 35 
 
 Property without due process of law. No person shall be 
 compelled in any criminal case to be a witness 
 against himself; nor shall he be deprived of his life, 
 
 liberty, or. [Amendments] , 5 - - 40 
 
 No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities of 
 citizens of the United States, nor deprive any person 
 of his life, liberty, or. [Amendments] 14 1 - 47 
 
 Prosecutions. The accused shall have a speedy and public 
 
 trial in all criminal. [Amendments] 6 - -« 43 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 107 
 
 ^ Art. Sec. CI, Page. 
 
 Prosecutions. He shall be tried by a jury in the State or 
 district where the crime was committed. [Amend- 
 
 mettts] 6 _ . 42 
 
 He shall be informed of the natm'e and cause of the 
 
 accusation. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall be confronted with the witijesses against 
 
 him. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
 nesses. [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 He shall have counsel for his defense. [Amend- 
 ments] 6 - - 42 
 
 Protection of the laws. No State shall deny tb any per- 
 son within its jurisdiction the equal. [Amend- 
 ments] 14 I _ 47 
 
 Public debt of the United States incurred in suppressing 
 insurrection or rebellion shall not be questioned. 
 The validity of the. [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 Public safety may require it. The writ of habeas corpus 
 shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of re- 
 bellion or invasion the i 9 2 17 
 
 Public trial by jury. In all criminal prosecutions the ac- 
 cused shall have a speedy and. [Amendments] ... 6 - - 42 
 
 Public use. Private property shall not be taken for, ;with- 
 
 out just compensation. [Amendments] S - - 40 
 
 Punishment according to law. Judgment in cases of im- 
 peachment shall not extend further than to removal 
 from, and disqualification for, office; but the party 
 convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to 
 indictment, trial, judgment, and 1 3 7 7 
 
 Punishments inflicted. Excessive bail shall not be re- 
 quired nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and 
 unusual. [Amendments] : 8 -"?- 44 
 
 Q. 
 
 Qualification, for office. No religious test shall ever be 
 
 required as a 6 ' £T 3 37 
 
 Qualifications of electors of members of the Senate shall 
 be the same as electors for the most numerous branch 
 of the State legislature. The seventeenth amend- 
 ment. [Amendments] 17 - - 57 
 
 Qualifications of electors of members of the House of 
 Representatives shall be the same as electors for the 
 most numerous branch of the State, legislature 121 4 
 
 Qualifications of members of the House of Representa- 
 tives. They shall be twenty-five years of age, seven 
 years a citizen of the United States, and an inhab- 
 itant of the State in which chosen i 2 2 4 
 
i68 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CL Pagt 
 
 Qualifications of Senators. They shall be thirty years of 
 age, nine years a citizen of the United States, and an 
 inhabitant of the State in which chosen i 3 3 7 
 
 Of its own members. Each House shall be the judge 
 of the election, retvu-ns, and i 5 i 8 
 
 Of the President. No person except a natural-born 
 citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time 
 of the adoption of the Constitution, shall be eligi- 
 ble to the office of President 2 I 4 27 
 
 Neither shall any person be eligible to the office of Presi- 
 dent who shall not have attained the age of thirty- 
 five years, and been fourteen years a resident within 
 the United States 2 1 4 25 
 
 Of the Vice President. No person constitutionally in- 
 eligible to the office of President shall be eligible, to 
 
 that of Vice President. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 Quartered in any house without the consent of the owner in 
 
 time of peace. No soldier shall be. [Amendments] 3 - - 40 
 Quorum, to do business. A majority of each House shall 
 
 constitute a- i 5 i 8 
 
 But a smaller number than a quorum may adjourn from 
 day to day, and may be authorized to compel the at- 
 tendance of absent members 1 5 i 8 
 
 Of the House of Representatives for choosing a Presi- 
 dent shall consist of a member or members from two- 
 thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States 
 shall be necessary to a choice. [Amendments] .... 12 - - 46 
 Quorum to elect a Vice President by the Senate. Two- 
 thirds of the whole number of Senators shall be a. 
 [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 A majority of the whole number shall be necessary to 
 a choice. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 R. 
 
 Race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The right 
 of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be 
 denied or abridged by the United States or by any 
 State on account of. [Amendments] 15 i - 55 
 
 Ratification of amendments to the Constitution shall be by 
 the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States 
 or by conventions in three-fourths of the States, ac- 
 cordingly as Congress may propose ; 5 - - 36 
 
 Of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient to 
 establish the Constitution between the States so 
 ratifying the same 7 - - jy 
 
 Ratio of representation until the first enumeration under 
 the Constitution shall be made not to exceed one for 
 every thirty thousand i 2 3 4 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United Sta-tes. 109 
 
 _ . Art. Sec. CI, Page. 
 
 Ratio of representation shall be apportioned among the, sev- 
 eral States according to their respective numbers, 
 counting the whole number of persons in each St3.te, 
 excluding Indians not taxed. [Amendments] . . . . .14 2 - 54 
 Ratio. But when. the right to vote for Presidential elect- 
 ors or members of Congress, or the legislative, exec- 
 utive, and judicial officers pf the State, except for 
 engaging in rebellion or other crime, shall be denied 
 or abridged bya State, the basis of representation 
 shall be reduced therein" in the proportion of such 
 ' denial or abridgment of the right to vote. [Amend- 
 ments] .......^ 14 2 - 54 
 
 Rebellion against the United States, \ltersoiis who, while 
 
 holding certain Federal and State offices, took an 
 
 oath to support the Constitution, afterwards engaged 
 
 _ in insurrection or rebellion, disabled from holding 
 
 -^ office under the United States. [Amendments].... 14 3 - 54 
 
 But Congress -inay by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 
 House remove such disability. [Amendments] . . . i 14 3 - 54 
 Rebellion against the United States. Debts incurred for 
 pensions and bounties for services in suppressing 
 '•- the rebellion shall not be qliestioned. [Amend- 
 
 inents] 14 4 - 55 
 
 All debts and obligations incurred in aid of the rebel- 
 
 <- lion,-and all claims for the loss or emancipation of 
 
 slaves, declared and, held to be illegal and void. 
 
 [.Amendments] ., ,.,..,,.,..[, ...j... 14 4 - 55 
 
 Rebellion or invasion. The writ of habeas corpi^s^ shall 
 not be suspended except when the public safety may 
 
 require it in cases of .... . , i 9 2 17 
 
 Receipts- and expenditures of all public money shall be 
 published from time to time.. A regular statement 
 
 of •-,r-- .•••■••' ...,,... I 97 18 
 
 Recess of the Senat^i . The Pxesidenl may grant c,onim.is- 
 sions, which shall expire at the end of the next ses- 
 sion, to fill vacancies that may happen during the .2 23 25 
 
 Reconsideration of a bill returned by the President with 
 
 his objections. Proceedings to be had upon the. . . I 72 9 
 
 Records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. 
 Pull faith and credit shall be given in each State to 
 
 the acts. ... 1. ..!.....,. 4 I - 32 
 
 Congress shall prescribe the tnanner of proving such 
 agts, recordsj'and proceedings .-.*• . • 4 i - 32 
 
 Ridress of grievances. Congress shall, make no law 
 abridging the right of the .people peaceably to 
 assemble^ and to petition for the. [Amendments], i - - 39 
 
no Index to the Constitution of the United States, 
 
 Art. Seo, CJ. Fnge. 
 
 Regulations, except as to the places of chposing Senators. 
 The time, places, and manner of holding elections 
 for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed 
 by the legislatm-es of the States, but Congress may 
 at any time by law make or alter such i 4 i 7 
 
 Regulations of commerce or revenue. Preference to the 
 ports of one State over those of another shall not be 
 given by any i 9 6 18 
 
 Religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Con- 
 gress shall make no law respecting the establish- 
 ment of. [Amendments] i - - 39 
 
 Religious test shall ever be required as a qualification for 
 any office or public trust under the United States. 
 No 6 - 3 37 
 
 Removal of the President from office, the same shall de- 
 volve; on the Vice-President. In case of the 2 i 5 25 
 
 Representation. No State, without its consent, shall be 
 
 deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate 5 - - 36 
 
 Representation and direct taxation, how apportioned among 
 the several States. [This provision is changed by 
 the fourteenth amendment, section 2, page 54] . . . . i 23 4 
 
 Representation until the first enumeration under the Con- 
 stitution not to exceed one for every thirty thou- 
 sand. The ratio of i 2 3 4 
 
 Representation in any State. The executive thereof shall 
 
 issue writs of election to fill vacancies in the 1 24 6 
 
 Representation among the several States shall be accord- 
 ing to theii" respective numbers, counting the whole 
 number of persons in each State, excluding Indians 
 
 not taxed. The ratio of. [Amendments] 14 2 - 54 
 
 But where the right to vote in certain Federal and 
 State electiohs' is abridged for any cause other than 
 rebellion 6r other crime the basis of representation 
 shall be reduced. [Amendments] 14 2 - 54 
 
 Representatives. Congress shall consist of a Senate and 
 
 House of. 1 I - 4 
 
 Qualificationsof electors of members of the House of. 121 4 
 
 No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
 
 have, attained the age of twenty-five years, been 
 
 seven years a citizen of the United States, and an 
 
 - , inhabitant of the ^tate in which he shall be 
 
 chosen I 2 2 4_ 
 
 And direct taxes, how apportioned among the several 
 , , States. [Amended by fourteenth amendment, sec- 
 tion 2, page 54] I 2 3 4 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Representatives. Shall choose their Speaker and other 
 officers. The House of 
 
 Shall have the sole power of impeachment. The 
 House of 
 
 Executives of the States shall issue writs of election 
 to fill vacancies in the House of 
 
 The times, places, and manner of choosing Repre- 
 sentatives shall be prescribed by the legislatures of 
 the States 
 
 But Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
 such regulations except as to the places of choosing 
 Senators 
 
 And Senators shall receive a compensation to be ascer- 
 tained by law 
 
 Shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach 
 of the peace, be privileged from arrest during attend- 
 ance at the session of the House, and in going to 
 and returning from the same 
 
 Shan not be questioned in any other place for any 
 speech or debate. Members of the House of 
 
 No member shall be appointed during his term to any 
 civil office which shall have been created, or the 
 emoluments of which shall have been increased, 
 during such term 
 
 No person holding any office under the United States 
 shall, while holding such office, be a Member of the 
 House of 
 
 All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the 
 House of 
 
 No Senator or Reoresentative shall be an elector for 
 
 President or Vice-President 2 
 
 Representatives shall be bound by an oath or affirmation 
 to support the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 The Senators and 6 
 
 Representatives among the several States. Provisions 
 
 relative to the apportionment of. [Amendments] . 14 
 Representatives and Senators. Prescribing certain dis- 
 qualifications for office as. [Amendments] 14 
 
 : BulrCongreiss may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 House, remove such disqualification. [Amend- 
 ments] 14 
 
 Reprieves and pardons except in cases of impeachment. 
 
 The President may grant 2 
 
 Reprisal. Congress shall have power to grant letters of 
 
 marque and i 
 
 ,, No ^tate shall grant any letters of marque and i 
 
 III 
 
 See. CJ. Page. 
 
 25 6 
 25 6 
 24 6 
 
 4 I 
 
 8 
 
 41 8 
 
 61 8 
 
 6 I a 
 
 6 r 8 
 
 62 8 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 - 
 
 54 
 
 3 
 
 - 
 
 54 
 
 3 
 
 - 
 
 54 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 II 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 19 
 
iia Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Psfa. 
 
 Republican form of government. The United States- shall 
 
 guarantee to every State in this Union a 4 4 - 35 
 
 And shall protect each of them against invasion; and 
 on the application of the legislature or of the 
 executive (when the legislature can not be con- 
 vened), against domestic violence. .,..».. 4 4 - 35 
 
 Reserved rights of the States and the people. The enu- 
 meration in the Constitution of' certain rights shall 
 not he construed to deny or disparage others retained 
 
 by the people. [Amendments].;... ;........ 9 - - 44 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the 
 Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are 
 reserved to the States respectively or to the people. 
 [Amendments] 10 - - 44 
 
 Resignation, or inability of the President, the duties and 
 powers of his office shall devolve on the Vice-Presi- 
 dent. In case of the death 2 i 5 25 
 
 Resignation, or inability of the President. Congress ihSy 
 
 by law provide fdir the case of the removal, death 1'. 2 15 25 
 
 Resolution, or vote (excjepl; on a question of adjournment) ^, 
 
 requiring the concurrence of the two Houses shall^ 
 before it becomes a law, be presented to the Pre^i-. 
 dent. Every order I 7 3; 9 
 
 Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives. 
 
 All bills for raising ,i 171 9 
 
 Revenue. Preference shall not be given to the ports of 
 one State over those of another by any regulations 
 of commerce or i 9 6 18 
 
 Rhode Island entitled to one Representative in the First 
 
 Congress .....!.. i 23' 5 
 
 Right of petition. Congress shall make no law abridging ' 
 the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to 
 petition for the redress of grievances. [Amend- 
 ments] .,. .;... , I - _ 35 
 
 Right to keep and bear arms. A well-regulated militia 
 being necessary ^o the security of a free State, the 
 right of the people to keep and bear arms shfdl not 
 be infringed.. [Amendments] 2 - - 39 
 
 Rights in the Constitution shall not be construed to deny 
 or disparage others retained by the people. The 
 enumeration of certain. [Amendments] 9 - - 44 
 
 Rights not delegated to tlie tJnited States nor prohibited 
 to the States are reserved to the States respectively 
 or to the people. [Aniendments] .'.. ! lb" - - 44 
 
 Rules of' its proceedings. Each House may determine 
 
 the.. ;....! 5 4 8 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 113 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Rules and regulations respecting the territory or other 
 - property of the United States. Congress shall dis- 
 pose of and make all needful 4 3 2 35 
 
 Rules of the common law. All suits involving over twenty 
 dollars shall be tried by jury according to the. 
 
 [Amendments] 7 - - 43 
 
 No fact tried' by a jury shall be reexamined except 
 
 according to the. [Amendments] 7 - - 43 
 
 S. 
 
 Science and the useful arts by securing to authors and 
 inventors the exclusive right to their writings and 
 discoveries. Congress shall have power to promote 
 the progress of i 8 8 14 
 
 Searches and seizures shall not be violated. The right 
 of the people to be secure against unreasonable. 
 
 [Amendments] 4 - - 40 
 
 And no warrants shall be issued but upon probable 
 cause, on oath or a£Srmation, describing the place 
 to be searched and the person of things to be seized. 
 [Amendments] 4 - - 40 
 
 Seat of government. Congress shall exercise exclusive 
 legislation in all cases over such district as may 
 become the i 817 16 
 
 Securities and current coin of the United States. Con- 
 gress shall provide for punishing the counterfeiting 
 of the I 8 6 14 
 
 Security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and 
 bear arms shall not be infringed. A well-regulated 
 militia being necessary to the. [Amendments] ... 2 - - 39 
 
 Senate and House of Representatives. The Congress of the 
 
 United States shall consist of a i i - 4 
 
 Senate of the United States. The Senate shall be com- 
 posed of two Senators from each State, chosen by 
 
 the legislature for six years. ; i 3 i 6 
 
 [Repealed by the seventeenth amendment] 17 - i 57 
 
 If vacancies happen during the recess of the legisla- 
 ture of a State, the executive thereof may make 
 temporary appointments until the next meeting of 
 
 the legislature i 3 2 7 
 
 [Repealed by the seventeenth amendment] 17 - i 57 
 
 The Vice-President shall be President of the Senate, 
 but shall have no vote unless the Senate be equally 
 
 divided i 3 4 7 
 
 "The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also 
 a President pro tempore in the absence of the Vice- 
 President or when he shall exercise the office of 
 
 President i 3 5 7 
 
 ^309°— S. Doc. 12, 63-1- 
 
114 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI, Pagfl^ 
 
 Senate of the United States. The Senate shall have the 
 sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting 
 for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation .136 7 
 
 When the President of the United States is tried the 
 Chief Justice shall preside; and no person shall be 
 convicted vyithout the concurrence of two-thirds of 
 the members present i 3 6 7 
 
 It shall be the judge of elections, returns, and quali- 
 fications of its own members i 5 i 8 
 
 A majority shall constitute a quorum to do business, 
 but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, 
 and may be authorized to compel the attendance of 
 absent members I 5 i 8 
 
 It may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish 
 a member for disorderly behavior, and with the con- 
 currence of two-thirds expel a member i 5 2 8 
 
 It shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from 
 time to time publish the same, except such parts as 
 may in their judgment require secrecy i 5 3 8 
 
 It shall not adjourn for more than three days during 
 a session without the consent of the other House . . i 54 8 
 
 It may propose amendments to bills for raising rev- 
 enue, but such bills shall originate in the House of 
 Representatives I 7 i 9 
 
 The Senate shall advise and consent to the ratification 
 of all treaties, provided two-thirds of the members 
 present concur 2 2 2 a6 
 
 It shall advise and consent to the appointment of 
 ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, 
 judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers 
 not herein otherwise provided for 2 2 2 26 
 
 It may be convened by the President on extraordinary 
 occasions 2 3 - 27 
 
 No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its 
 
 equal suffrage in the Senate 5 - - 36 
 
 Senators shall, immediately after assembling, under their 
 first election, be divided into three classes, so that 
 the seats of one-third shall become vacant at the 
 expiration of every second year i 3 2 6 
 
 No person shall be a Senator who shall not be thirty 
 years of age, nine years a citizen of the United States, 
 ^nd an inhabitant when elected of the State for which 
 he shall be chosen i 3 3 7 
 
 The times, places, and manner of choosing Senators 
 may be fixed by the legislature of a State, but Con- 
 gress may by law make or alter such regulations, 
 except as to the places of choosing 1 4 i 8 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 115 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Faga* 
 
 Senators. If vacancies happen during tlie recess of the 
 legislature of a State, the executive thereof may make 
 temporary appointments until the next meeting of 
 the legislature. [Amendments.] i 3 2 7 
 
 [Repealed by the seventeenth amendment] 17 -, 2 57 
 
 They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and 
 breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest dur- 
 ing their attendance at the session of the Senate and 
 in going to and returning from the same i 6 i 8. 
 
 And Representatives shall receive a compensation to 
 be ascertained by law i 6 1 8 
 
 Senators and Representatives shall not be questioned 
 for any speech or debate in either House in any 
 other place i 6 i 8 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during the time 
 for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil 
 office under the United States which shall have 
 been created, or of which the emoluments shall 
 have been increased, during such term i 6 2 8 
 
 No person holding any office under the United States 
 shall be a member of either House during his con- 
 tinuance in office i 6 2 8 
 
 No Senator or Representative or person holding an 
 office of trust or profit under the United States shall 
 be an elector for President and Vice-President .2 i 2 24 
 
 Senators and Representatives shall be bound by an 
 oath or affirmation to support the Constitution 6 - 3 37 
 
 No person shall be a Senator or Representative who 
 having, as a Federal or State officer, taken an oath 
 to support the Constitution, afterwards engaged 
 in rebellion against the United States. [Amend- 
 ments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 House, remove such disability. [Amendments] ... 14 3 - 54 
 Service or labor in one State, escaping into another State, 
 shall be delivered up to the party to whom such 
 
 service or labor may be due. Fugitives from 4 23 34 
 
 Servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the 
 party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist 
 in the United States or any place subject to their 
 jurisdiction. Neither slavery nor involuntary. 
 
 [Amendments] 13 i - 47 
 
 Servitude. The right of citizens of the United States to 
 vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United 
 States or by any State on account of race, color, or 
 
 previous condition of. [Amendments] IS i - 55 
 
 Ships of wa,r in time of peace, without the consent of 
 
 Congress. No State shall keep troops or i 10 3 23, 
 
1 16 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CL Page^ 
 
 Silver coin a tender in payment of debts. No State shall 
 
 make anything but gold and ■. . i lo i 19 
 
 Slave. Neither the United States nor any State shall 
 assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in 
 aid of insurrection or rebellion, or any claim for 
 the loss or emancipation of any. [Amendments] ... 14 4 - 55 
 
 Slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment 
 for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly con- 
 victed, shall exist in the United States, or any places 
 subject to their jurisdiction. Neither. [Amend- 
 ments] 13 I - 47 
 
 Soldiers shall not be quartered, in time of peace, in any 
 house without the consent of the owner. [Amend- 
 ments] 3 - - 40 
 
 South Carolina entitled to five Representatives in the First 
 
 Congress i 2 3 4 
 
 Speaker and other officers. The House of Representatives 
 
 shall choose their i 2 5 6 
 
 Speech or of the press. Congress shall make no law abridg- 
 ing the freedom of. [Amendments] i - - 39 
 
 Speedy and public trial by a jury. In all criminal prosecu- 
 tions the accused shall have a. [Amendments] .... 6 - - 42 
 Standard, of weights and measures. Congress shall fix 
 
 the I 8 5 14 
 
 State of the Union. The President shall, from time to time, 
 
 give Congress information of the 2 3 - 32 
 
 State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers of 
 the United States, shall take an oath to support the 
 
 Constitution. All members of the several 6 - 3 37 
 
 States. When vacancies happen in the representation from 
 any State, the executive authority shall issue writs of 
 election to fill such vacancies, [See seventeenth 
 
 amendment, page 57] i 2 4 6 
 
 Congress shall have power to regulate commerce among 
 
 the several I 8 3 11 
 
 No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or con- 
 federation I 10 
 
 Shall not grant letters of marque and reprisal i 10 
 
 Shall not coin money i 10 
 
 Shall not emit bills of credit i 10 
 
 Shall not make anything but gold and silver coin a 
 
 tender in payment of debts i 10 i 19 
 
 Shall not pass any bill of attainder, ex post, facto law, 
 
 or law impairing the obligation of contracts i 10 i 19 
 
 Shall not grant any title of nobility i 10 i 19 
 
 I 
 
 19 
 
 I 
 
 19 
 
 I 
 
 19 
 
 I 
 
 19 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States, 117 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Vagtt, 
 
 States. Shall not, -without the consent of Congress, lay- 
 any duties on imports or exports, except what may 
 be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection 
 1^'ws I 10 2 23 
 
 Shall not, without the consent of Congress, lay any 
 duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time 
 of pestce, enter into any agreement or compact -with 
 another State or with a foreign power, or engage in 
 war unless actually invaded or in such imminent 
 danger as will not admit of delay i 10 3 23 
 
 Pull faith and credit in every other State shall be 
 given to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- 
 ceedings of each State 4 i - 32 
 
 Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving such 
 acts, records, and proceedings 4 i - 32 
 
 Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges 
 and immunities of citizens in the several States 4 2 i 33 
 
 New States may be admitted by Congress into this 
 Union 4 3 i 34 
 
 But no new State shall be formed or erected within the 
 jurisdiction of another State 4 3 i 34^ 
 
 Nor any State formed by the junction of two or more 
 States or parts of States, -without the consent of the 
 legislatures as well as of Congress 4 3 i 34 
 
 No State shall be deprived, without its consent, of its 
 equal suffrage in the Senate 5 - - 36 
 
 Three-fourths of the legislatures of the States or con- 
 ventions of three-fourths of the States, as Congress 
 shall prescribe, may ratify amendments to the Con- 
 stitution 5 - - 36 
 
 The United States shall guarantee a republican form 
 of government to every State in the Union 4 4 - 35 
 
 They shall protect each State against invasion 4 4 - 35 
 
 And on application of the legislature, or the executive 
 (when the legislature can not be convened), against 
 domestic violence 4 4 - 35 
 
 The ratification by pine States shall be sufficient to 
 establish the Constitution between the States so 
 ratifying the same 7 - - 3f 
 
 When the choice of President shall devolve on the 
 House of Representatives, the vote shall be taken by 
 States. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 But in choosing the President the vote shall be 
 taken by States, the representation from each State 
 
 ha-ving one vote. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 A quorum for choice of President shall consist of a 
 member or members from two-thirds of the States, 
 and a majority of all the States shall be necessary 
 to a choice. [Amendments] » 12 - - 46 
 
ii8 hidex to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec. CI, Pagft 
 
 States or to the people. Powers not delegated to the 
 United States, nor prohibited to the States, are re- 
 served to the. [Amendments] lo - - 44 
 
 Suffrage in the Senate. No State shall be deprived with- 
 out its consent of its equal. ., 5 - - 36 
 
 Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall 
 exceed twenty dollars, shall be tried by jury. 
 
 [Amendments] 7 - - 43 
 
 In law or equity against one of the States by citizens 
 of another State or by citizens of a foreign State. 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not 
 extend to. [Amendments] 11 - - 45 
 
 Supreme Court. Congress shall have power to constitute 
 
 tribunals inferior to the i 8 9 15 
 
 .Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as Congress may 
 establish. The judicial power of the United States 
 
 shall be vested in one 3 i - 27 
 
 The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts shall 
 
 hold their offices during good behavior. .. .". 3 I - 27 
 
 The compensation of the judges shall not be dimin- 
 ished during their continuance in office 3 i - 27 
 
 Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction in all cases 
 affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and 
 consuls, and in which a State may be a party. The. 3 2 2 31 
 Shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and ^ 
 fact, with such exceptions and regulations as Con- 
 gress may make. The 3 2 2 31 
 
 Supreme law of the land. This Constitution, the laws 
 made in pursuance thereof, and the treaties of the 
 
 United States shall be the 6 - 2 36 
 
 The judges in every State shall be bound thereby. .. . 6 - 2 36 
 
 Suppress insurrections, and repel invasions. Congress shall 
 provide for calling forth the militia to execute the 
 laws I 8 15 15 
 
 Suppression of insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
 tioned. The public debt, including the debt for 
 pensions and bounties incurred in the. [Amend- ' 
 ments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 T. 
 
 Tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census or 
 enumeration. No capitation or other direct. [See 
 sixteenth amendment, page 56] i 9 4 18 
 
 Tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any 
 
 State. No i 9 5 18 
 
 Taxes (direct) and Representatives, how apportioned 
 among the several States. [See fourteenth amend- 
 ment, section 2, page 232] i 2 3 4 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 119 
 
 Art. Sra CI. ?>{•, 
 
 Taxes, (direct). Congress shall have power to collect 
 taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, 
 without apportionment among the several States, 
 and without regard to any census or enumeration. 
 The sixteenth amendment. [Amendments] 16 - - 56 
 
 Taxes, duties, imposts, and excises. Congress shall have 
 
 power to lay i 8 I 10 
 
 They shall be uniform throughout the United States. 
 
 [See sixteenth amendment, page 56] i 8 i 10 
 
 Temporary appointments until the next meeting of the 
 legislature. If vacancies happen in the Senate in 
 the recess of the legislature of a State, the executive 
 of the State shall make. [Repealed by seventeenth 
 amendment, page 57] I 3 2 6 
 
 Tender in payment of debts. No State shall make any- 
 thing but gold and silver coin a I 10 I 19 
 
 Term of four years. The President and Vice-President 
 
 shall hold their offices for the 2 x i 24 
 
 Term for which he is elected. No Senator or Represent- 
 ative shall be appointed to any office under the 
 United States which shall have been created or its 
 emoluments increased during the 162 8 
 
 Territory or oth'er property of the United States. Congress 
 shall dispose of and make all needful rules and reg- 
 ulations respecting the 4 3 2 35 
 
 Test as a qualification for any office or public trust shall 
 
 ever be required. No religious 6 — 3 37 
 
 Testim.ony of two vritnesses to the same overt act, or on 
 confession in open court. No person shall be con- 
 victed of treason except on the 3 3 1 32 
 
 Threefourths of the legislatures of the States, or conven- 
 tions in three-fourths of the States, as Congress 
 shall prescribe, may ratify amendments to the Con- 
 stitution 5 - - 36 
 
 Tie. The Vice-President shall have no vote unless the 
 
 Senate be equally divided i 3 4 7 
 
 Times, places, and matmer of holding elections for Sena- 
 tors and Representatives shall be prescribed in each 
 
 State by the legislature thereof i 4 I 7 
 
 But Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
 such regulations, except as to the places of choosing 
 Senators i 
 
 Title of nobility. The United States shall not grant any . . i 
 No State shall grant any i 
 
 Title of any kind, from any king, prince, or foreign State, 
 without the consent of Congress. No person hold- 
 ing any office under the United States shall accept 
 of any •• i 9 » i* 
 
 4 I 
 
 7 
 
 9 8 
 
 18 
 
 10 I 
 
 19 
 
120 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art, Sec, CI, Plffc. 
 
 Tonnage without the consent of Congress. No State shall 
 
 lay any duty of l lo 3 2J 
 
 Tranquillity, provide for the common defense, etc. To 
 
 insure domestic. [Preamble] - - - j 
 
 Treason shall consist only in levying war against the 
 United States, or in adhering to their enemies, giv- 
 ing them aid and comfort 3 3 I 32 
 
 Treason. No person shall, unless on the testimony of two 
 witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in 
 
 open court, be convicted of 3 3 i 32 
 
 Congress shall have power to declare the punishment 
 
 of 3 3 2 32 
 
 Shall not work corruption of blood. Attainder of ... 3 32 32 
 Shall not work forfeiture, except dming the life of 
 
 the person attainted. Attainder of 3 3 2 32 
 
 Treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 
 The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers 
 shall be removed from office on impeachment for 
 and conviction of 2 4 - 27 
 
 Treason, felony, and breach of the peace. Senators and 
 Representatives shall be privileged from arrest 
 while attending or while going to or returning from 
 the sessions of Congress, except in cases of , .-. i 6 I S 
 
 Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by 
 
 law. No monej' shall be drawn from the i 9 7 iS 
 
 Treaties. The President shall have power, with the advice 
 and consent of the Senate, provided two-thirds of 
 
 the Senators present concur, to make 2 2 2 26 
 
 The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising 
 
 under the Constitution, laws, and 3 2 i 2S 
 
 They shall be the supreme law of th6 land, and the 
 
 judges in every State shall be bound thereby 6 - 2 36 
 
 Treaty, alliance, or confederation. No State shall enter 
 
 intoany i 10 i 15 
 
 Trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. Judg- 
 ment in cases of impeachment shall not extend fur- 
 ther than to removal from and- disqualification for 
 Office; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be 
 liable and subject to indictment , i 3 7 7 
 
 Trial by jury. All crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
 ment, shall be tried by jury .,,... 3 2 3 31 
 
 Such trial shall be held in the State within which the 
 
 crime shall have been committed 3 23 31 
 
 But when not committed within a State, the trial shall 
 be at such place as Congress may by law have 
 directed 323 31 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 121 
 
 _, . . Art. Sec. CI- Page. 
 
 Trial by jury. In all criminal prosecutions the accused 
 
 shall have a speedy and public. [Amendments] . . 6 - - 42 
 Suits at common law, when the amount exceeds 
 twenty dollars, shall be by. [Amendments] 7 - - 46 
 
 Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. Congress shall 
 
 have power to constitute i 8 9 15 
 
 Troops or ships of war in time of peace without the con- 
 sent of Congress. No State shall keep i 10 3 23. 
 
 Trust and profit under the United States shall be an elec- 
 tor for President and Vice President. No Senator, 
 Representative, or person holding any office of 2 i 2 24 
 
 Two-thirds of the members present. No person shall be 
 convicted on impeachment without the concurrence 
 
 °f I 3 6 7 
 
 Two-thirds, may expel a member. Each House, with the 
 
 conciirrence of I g 2 g 
 
 Two-tAirds. A bill returned by the President with his 
 objections may be repassed by each House by a vote- 
 of ". I 7 2 9. 
 
 Two-thirds of the Senators present concur. The Presi- 
 dent shall have power, by and with the advice and 
 consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided. . 2 2 2 26 
 
 Two-thirds of the legislatures of the several States. Con- 
 gress shall call a convention for proposing amend- 
 ments to the Constitution on the application of . . . . 5 - - 36 
 
 Two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary. Con- 
 gress shall propose amendments to the Constitution 
 whenever 5 - — 36. 
 
 Two-thirds of the States. When the choice of a President 
 shall devolve oji the House of Representatives, a 
 quorum shall consist of a member or members from. 
 [Amendments] 12 - - 4& 
 
 Two-thirds of the whole number of Senators. A quorum 
 of the Senate, when choosing a Vice President, shall 
 consist of. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 Two-thirds, may remove the disabilities imposed by the 
 third section of the fourteenth amendment. Con- 
 gress, by a vote of. [Amendments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 Two years. Appropriations for raising and supporting 
 
 armies shall not be for a longer term than i 8 12 15 
 
 U. 
 
 Union. To establish a more perfect. [Preamble] - - - 3 
 
 The President shall, from time to time, give to Con- 
 gress information of the state of the 2 3 - 27 
 
 New States may be admitted by Congress into this. . . 4 31 34 
 But no new State shall be formed or erected within 
 
 the jurisdiction of another State 4 3 I 34 
 
122 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. See. CI. Pftgfc 
 
 Unreasonable searches and seizures. The people shall be 
 secured in their persons, houses, papers, and effects 
 
 against. [Amendments] 4 - - 40 
 
 And no warrants shall be issued but upon probable 
 cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particu- 
 larly describing the place to be searched and the 
 persons or things to be seized. [Amendments] 4 — - 40 
 
 Unusual punishments inflicted. Excessive bail shall not 
 be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel 
 and. [Amendments] 8 - - 44 
 
 Use -without just compensation. Private property shall 
 
 not be taken for public. [Amendments] 5 — - 40 
 
 Useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and 
 inventors' the exclusive right to their writings and 
 inventions. Congress shall have power to promote 
 the progress of science and the i 8 8 14 
 
 V. 
 
 Vacancies happening in the representation of a State. The 
 
 executive thereof shall issue writs of election to fill. 124 6 
 
 Vacancies happening in the Senate in the recess of the 
 legislature of a State. How filled. [See seven- 
 teenth amendment, page 57] i 3 2 6 
 
 Vacancies that happened during the recess of the Senate, 
 by granting commissions which shall expire at the 
 end of the next session. The President shall have 
 power to fill /. 2 2 3 27 
 
 Validity of the public debt incurred in suppressing insur- 
 rection against the United States, including debt for 
 pensions and bounties, shall not be questioned. 
 [Amendments] 14 4 - 55 
 
 Vessels bound to or from the ports of one State shall not 
 be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another 
 State I 9 6 18 
 
 Veto of a bill by the President. Proceedings of the two 
 
 Houses upon the i 7 2 9 
 
 Vice-President of the United States shall be President of 
 
 the Senate i 3 4 7 
 
 He shall have no vote unless the Senate be equally 
 
 divided i 3 4 7 
 
 The Senate shall elect a President pro tempore in the 
 
 absence of the i 3 5 7 
 
 He shall be chosen for the term of four years 2 i i 24 
 
 The number and the manner of appointing electors for 
 
 President and 2 i 2 24 
 
 In case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability 
 of the President, the powers and duties of his office 
 shall devolve on the 2 i 5 25 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 123 
 
 All, Em OL ttft, 
 
 Vice-President. Congress may provide by law for the 
 case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability 
 both of the President and 2 1 5 25 
 
 On impeachment for and conviction of treason, 
 bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors 
 shall be removed from office. The 2. 4 - 27 
 
 TTie manner of choosing the. The electors shall 
 meet in their respective States and vote by balibt 
 for President and Vice-Preident, one of whom, 
 at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same 
 State with themselves. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 The electors shall name, in distinct ballots, the person 
 
 voted for as Vice-President. [Amendments] 12 — - 46 
 
 They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted for 
 as Vice-President, which lists they shall sign and 
 certify, and send sealed to the seat of government, 
 directed to the President of the Senate. [Amend- 
 ments] la — — 46 
 
 The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of 
 the Senate and House of Representatives, open all 
 the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
 [Amendments] ; 12 - - 46 
 
 The person having the greatest number of votes shall 
 be Vice-President, if such number be a majority of 
 the whole number of electors. [Amendments] .... 12 — - 46 
 
 If no person have a majority, then from the two high- 
 est numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the 
 Vice-President. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 A quorum for this purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
 of the whole number of Senators; and a majority of 
 the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 
 [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 But if the House shall make no choice of a President 
 before the 4th of March next following, then the 
 Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case 
 of the death or other constitutional disability of the 
 PresidMit. [Amendments] 12 - - 46 
 
 No person constitutionally ineligible as President 
 
 shall be eligible as. [Amendments] 12 - — 46 
 
 Violence. The United States shall guarantee to every 
 State a republican form of government, and shall 
 protect each State against invasion and domestic... 4 4 - 35 
 Virginia entitled to ten representatives in the First Con- 
 gress I 2 3 4 
 
 Vote. Each Senator shall have one I 3 1 6 
 
 The Vice-President, unless the Senate be equally 
 divided, shall have no i 3 4 7 
 
124 Index to the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Art. Sec OL Page. 
 Vote requiring the concurrence of the two Houses (except 
 upon a question of adjournment) shall be presented 
 to the President. Every order, resolution, or i 73 9 
 
 Shall not be denied or abridged by the United States 
 or by any State on account of race, color, or pre- 
 vious condition of servitude. The right of citizens 
 
 of the United States to. [Amendments] 15 i - 55 
 
 Vote of two-thirds. Each House may expel a member 
 
 by a I 5 2 8 
 
 A bill vetoed by the President may be repassed in 
 each House by a 172 9 
 
 No person shall be convicted on an impeachment ex- 
 cept by a 136 7 
 
 Whenever both Houses shall deem it necessary, Con- 
 gress may propose amendments to the Constitution 
 by a 5 - - 36 
 
 The President may make treaties, with the advice and 
 consent of the Senate, by a 2 2 2 26 
 
 Disabilities incurred by participation in insurrection 
 or rebelhon may be relieved by Congress by a. 
 [Amendments] 14 3 - 54 
 
 W. 
 
 \^ar, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
 concerning captures on land and water. Congress 
 
 shall have power to declare i 8 ii 15 
 
 For governing the land and naval forces. Congress 
 
 shall have power to make rules and articles of i 8 14 15 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of Congress, un- 
 less actually invaded, or in Such imminent danger 
 as will not admit of delay, engage in i 10 3 23 
 
 War against the United States, adhering to their enelnies, 
 and giving them aid and comfort. Treason shall 
 consist only in levying 3 3 \ 32 
 
 Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, on oath or 
 affirmation, describing the place to be searched and 
 the persons or things to be seized. No. [Amend- 
 ments] 4 - - 40 
 
 Weights and measures. Congress shall fix the stand- 
 ard of .' 1 8 5 14 
 
 Welfare, and to secure the blessings of libertyj etc. To 
 
 promote the general. [Preamble] - - - 3 
 
 Welfare. Congress shall have power to provide for the 
 
 common defense and general ^ I 8 i 10 
 
 Witness against himself. No person shall, in a criminal 
 
 case, be compelled to be a. [Amendments] 5 - - 40 
 
Index to the Constitution of the United States. 125 
 
 Art. Sec. CI. Page. 
 
 Witnesses against him. In all criminal prosecutions the 
 accused shall be confronted with the. [Amend- 
 ments] 6 - - 42 
 
 Witnesses in his favor. In all criminal prosecutions the 
 accused shall have compulsory process for obtaining. 
 [Amendments] 6 - - 42 
 
 Witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
 court. No person shall be convicted of treason un- 
 less on the testimony of two , 3 3 i 32 
 
 Writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless in 
 case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
 require it i 9 2 17 
 
 Writs of election to fill vacancies in the representation of 
 
 any State. The executive of the State shall issue. . 124 6 
 
 Written opinion of the principal officer in each of the Ex- 
 ecutive Departments on any subject relating to the 
 duties of his office. The President may require the. 2 2 i 26 
 
 Yeas and nays of the members of either House shall, at the 
 desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the 
 
 journals i S 3 
 
 The votes of both Houses upon the reconsideration 
 of a bill returned by the President with his objections 
 shall be determined by i 7 2 
 
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