THE ZARNCKE LIBRARY COUECrtD BY PRIBDRICH ZARNCKB ' THE GIFT OF William M. Saec 1893 AJuUpL ././/j/$x.. FRAGMENT OP JSLFRIC'S TRANSLATION or JETHELWOLDJScali^lp, iWmcke*t*> DE CONSUETUDINE MONACHORUM AND ITS RELATION TO OTHER MSS. CRITICALLY EDITED FROM THE MS. COTTON. TIB. A. III. IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIPSIC FOR THE ACQUISITION OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY EDWARD BRECK, OP MASSACHUSETTS. -- $HH-r- LEIPSIC W. DRUGULIN'S PRINTING-OFFICE. 1887. K. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031426038 CRITICAL INTRODUCTION. The volume 1 from which our original text is taken is a somewhat indiscriminate collection of Anglo-Saxon writings by- different authors, and is accordingly described by Wanley in his Catalogus, "Codex antiquus et optimae notae per diversorum manus conscriptus ante Oonquisitionem Angliae". A number of the MSS. contained in the Codex, and among them the text under discussion, are but fragments. DESCRIPTION OF TEXT. The Anglo-Saxon text of De Consuetudine Monachorum is written upon both sides of three sheets of vellum, small quarto size, each page except the last, containing 25 lines, making al- together 5^2 pages. According to the new numbering of the Codex these are 174 a — 176 b inclusive. The first sheet is slightly larger than the two others, and shows evidence of considerable exposure in its rough edges and discoloured appearance, being quite brown in hue. The other two leaves have the appearance of having been cut by rule, are light gray in colour, and are iD every way better preserved. i Cotton. Tib. A III. — 4 — There are no illegible words in the whole MS., a possible exception being the word eawfsestlice in line 76. The ink is dark brown, but the capital letters show traces of having been originally vermillion. A number of words have been underlined by a later hand, probably by Sir R. Cotton, (his autograph being at the bottom of the first page,) or some other modern examiner. The under- lining occurs in most cases where the syllables of a word are somewhat separated, and indicates that the syllables so under- lined are to be taken together as one word; as, for instance, nead-behefre in line 7, and gemetegunga in line 25. The MS. begins at the very top of the first page without introduction or superscription. TRANSCRIPTIONS OP THE TEXT. There are two copies of the Text extant. The first is in volume No. 552 of the Harleian Library in the British Museum, and is from the hand of one of Archbishop. Parker's secretaries, as we see from Wanley's description of the volume in the Cata- logus, page 307: "Codex Charteceus in Quarto minori ab Ama- nuensi quodam Matthaei Parkeri Archiep. Cant, exaratus;". This copy' is on the whole not a very reliable one, as the scribe has allowed himself great latitude in transcribing, and has occasionally made deliberate mistakes, such as writing aftrehte for astrehte; wuman for wunian; efenlsetunge for efenlsecunge ; wreten for precen, etc. Saxon letters are used excepting the Latin g and t; the i is dotted; and an arbitrary punctuation is employed. The scribe writes i for y, and vice versa, and misspells numerous words. Abbreviations are usually filled out. The second copy, more to be relied upon than the first, is found in the volume Junius 52 II of the Bodleian Library at Oxford, a codex consisting of copies from the hand of Junius our text standing second therein. — 5 — Junius generally uses Saxon letters, excepting in Latin words where pure Latin characters are employed. He interchanges ]> and $ quite indiscriminately, using either character at the be- ginning, end, or in the middle of a word. Y and i are also often interchanged, and there are also a few mistakes in copying to be found. Abbreviations are usually filled out, but twice he abbr eyiate where the text does not. SOURCE. RESEARCHES OF OTHERS. Our fragmentary MS. is thus described in the Table of Con- tents at the beginning of Volume Tib. A. Ill, "Consuetudo Mo- nachorum per Athelwardum Epum. Saxonice"; and Wanley in his Catalogus (p. 199) calls it, "iEthelwoldus de Consuetudine Monachorum. Saxonice". Upon the blank half of the last page of our text is a note which Wanley (Cat. p. 307) says seems to be by John Joscelin, which reads as follows: "Liber de consuetudine Monachorum qui est aut idem quern iEthelwoldus Winton. Episcopus cum Coepis- copis & Abbatibus tempore Eadgari regis Anglorum collegit (de quo mentionem facit iElfricus Abbas in Epistola ad Egnes- hamenses fratres) aut certe ex eodem est desumptus. JV' According to Wulcker ] , "Wanley mentions three MSS. : 1. Corp. Chr. Coll. Camb. No. 265; 2. Cotton. Tib. A. Ill, London; 3. Codex of Sir Simon d'Ewes 2 (now in the Harleiana, No. 552); and 4. a copy of the Cottonian MS. by Junius (Jun. 52) at Oxford. The reader will recognize in No. 2 our original fragment, and in Nos. 3 and 4 the copies already described. Dietrich 3, speaking like Wulcker of iElfric's works, also mentions our original Cottonian text, and the two copies of it. He mentions, besides, the MS. No. 265 of the Corp. Chr. Coll. Cambr. Library, and is not certain as to its character, but evi- dently considers it to be identical with our Cottonian text, in which inference he was wrong, as will be shown. A. Schroer is the only one who has published the Cottonian text (in the Englische Studien, IX B., 2. Heft). He attempts however no critical exposition of the MS., and is evidently, like 1 Grundriss z. Geschichte d. Angels. Litteratur, III, § 558. 2 I cannot say just when this MS. was added to the Harleian Library, but it was at all events not long ago. ■» Zeitschrift fur die histor. Theologie, Jahrgang 1855, IV. Heft, S. 541. his predecessors, ignorant of the existence of the MS. at the be- ginning of volume Tib. A. Ill, which furnishes the key to the whole question. This MS., the original "De Consuetudine Mona- chorum" of iEthelwold, I shall speak of at length below. Schroer was, however, the first to examine the Corp. Chr. Coll. Cambr. MS., and to point out that the connection between it and the Cottonian text was by no means a direct one. He says further, "Da wir von iEthelwold's genanntem werke nichts naheres wissen, konnen wir freilich auch liber die autorschaft dieses angeblichen auszuges nichts bestimmtes sagen Es soil zwar eine aus- gabe desselben durch Buckley beabsichtigt worden, doch findet sich von einer solchen weder in Oxford noch in Cambridge oder London irgend eine spur." This edition of Buckley's was never published. RESULTS OF MY OWN RESEARCHES. The first result was obtained by personal examination of the Cambridge MS. (C. C. C. No. 265) which showed this to be a Latin letter of iElfric's, thirty-one pages in length, the first two of which I print at the end of this essay. It is fully described by iElfric himself in the introduction as an Abridgment of iEthelwold's "Liber Consuetudinum", com- piled, with certain additions from Amalarius's writings, for the monks of Ensham. As this epistle of iElfric's is in Latin, my next step, in order to discover the connection between it and our Cottonian text (which by no means appeared on comparison of the two alone), was to discover iEthelwold's work "De Consuetudine Monachorum'' the book from which iElfric's Abridgment was compiled. That this searched-for work could not be the Benedictine Monastic Rule published by Schroer 1 was evident from a mere examination of vElfric's letter, the subject-matter being so different in nature and arrangement as to make this impossible. 1 Die angels. Prosabearbeitungen der Benedictinerregel, in der Bibliothek d. angels. Prosa. Zweiter Band. 1885. In the MS., however, which occupies the first place in volume Tib. A. III. of the Gottonian Library, I am convinced that I have discovered the "De Consuetudine Monachorum" of ^Ethel- wold from which iElfric's epistle was compiled; and the connec- tion between iElfric's epistle and the Anglo-Saxon MS. which forms the subject of my essay was clearly established by the discovery that the Anglo-Saxon Fragment was nothing more than a literal translation of one half of the first chapter of the newly discovered "De Consuetudine", which is a work in twelve chapters, with a preface, table of contents, and an after-note, all furnished with an interlinear Anglo-Saxon gloss in 10 th century "West-Saxon dialect, somewhat older than the time of iElfric. 1 Wright 2 in speaking of this work, attributes it to Dunstan. He says: "Of Dunstan's theological writings, that which is best known is a modification of the Benedictine Rule, made for the English monks, and accompanied with an Anglo-Saxon interlinear version, to render it more generally useful. The Latin text of this treatise has been printed." 3 He gives a specimen of the text with the Anglo-Saxon gloss from Fol. 23 of Tib. A. III. Wright gives us no reason for thinking that the MS. is by Dunstan. In all probability, knowing that Dunstan did prepare a somewhat similar work, he fixed upon this MS. as the work in question, it being in the dialect of Dunstan's time. It is open to anyone to share Wright's conclusion, but for my own part I confidently at- tribute the work to iEthelwold, upon the authority of iElfric's Abridgment of it, in the preface to which he distinctly says that iEthelwold was the author; therefore those who doubt ^Ethel- wold's authorship must also doubt that iElfric compiled his Abridgment from this work. I can only say that although iEl- fric's extract is freely done and by no means anything like a mere 1 To prevent confusion I shall hereafter speak of this MS. as the De Con- suetudine Monachorum, thus clearly distinguishing it from the Anglo-Saxon Fragment- (the subject of my essay), and iElfric's Latin Abridgment, or epistle, in the Corp. Chr. Coll. Camb. Library. ' Biographia Britannica Litteraria, p. 459. 3 I do not know this edition. — 9 — translation of the De Consuetudine, nevertheless it treats of the same subjects, and a careful comparison of the two works does not compel me to hesitate a moment in pronouncing these doubts groundless. ' I therefore call the Fragment, of which I treat, a Translation of half the first chapter of iEthelwold's De Consu- etudiue Monachorum. AUTHORSHIP. That iElfric was the author of the Anglo-Saxon Fragment is taken for granted by Dietrich because he supposed it to be identical with .ZElfric's Abridgment, but so far as I know there are no historical proofs at all of iElfric's authorship. We are thus thrown upon textual proof alone, and upon this authority I am still of the opinion that Dietrich's supposition was correct. In the first place Dietrich himself, certainly an excellent authority, personally examined the Fragment at the British Mu- seum, as he says 2 : "Nach Einsicht der Hdschr. auf dem brit. Museum konnte mir nicht zweifelhaft sein, dass darin nur Aelfriks Auszug vorliegt fur Anfanger.'' He has, of course, through igno- rance, confounded the MS. with .ZElfric's Abridgment (not having seen this latter) but his judgment that the Fragment is from iElfric's hand is just as patent as if he had known all the facts of the case. The Fragment is, moreover, plainly in the iElfrician dialect and manner with the exception of a few phrases seemingly foreign to the Abbot's style; but these are amply accounted for when one remembers that the Fragment is a literal translation which, of course, must have had the effect of cramping the style more or less, and rendering it less characteristic of the translator than that of a work of his own original composition. 1 The Preface to the De Cons. Mon. speaks in the name of King Eadgar, and JElfric calls his Abridgment, "haec pauca de libro consuetudinum quern Sanctus Athelwoldus . . . tempore Eadgari . . . collegit." This identity of date is at all events no objection to my assumption. 2 Zeitschrift fur d. hist. Theologie. Jahrg. 1855. IV. Heft, S. 541. — 10 — Nevertheless we do find a number of words and expressions in the Fragment which are very characteristic of iElfric, such as in line 1, endebyrdnyss ; line 7, mid eadmodre benunge; lines 10 and 44, eornostlice, introducing a sentence; line 41, onbyrdnysse; line 54, mid eadmodnysse; line 72, eac swylce; line 79, endebyrd- lice, etc., etc. I may here also call attention to the spelling and to the latinization of the Anglo-Saxon which we find at least twice in- dependent of the original Latin source. For these reasons the work seems to me so much like M\~ fric's that I feel justified in ascribing it to him. It certainly is either a product of his own hand, or that of some one of his con- temporaries, or perhaps pupils. Those who prefer this less bold judgment are certainly wel- come to it. DATE OF PBODUCTION. Dietrich, in his excellent and indeed standard article on .ZE1- fric in the Zeitschrift fur die historische Theologie, 1 fixes the date of iElfric's Latin Abridgment at about 1005. His reasoning is so clear and convincing that I give it entire. He says: "Die nachste Yeranlassung Etwas zu schreiben, die Aelfrik uberall sorgfaltig abgewartet zu haben scheint, mag nach mehreren Jahren erwiinschten Stillschweigens der Unterricht der Monche von Egnesham im Klosterdienste gewesen sein, jener Auszug aus Ethelwolds liber consuetudinum, der nur angelsachsisch vorhanden ist. 2 iEthelwold, der sonst nur benevolus et venerabilis praesul heisst, fiihrt hier den Zusatz sanctus. Die Schrift gehort also jedenfalls nach 996, und Wright bestimmt ihre Entstehungszeit ungehorig auf friihere Zeit, 991 — 994. Sie ist offenbar noch spater entstanden. Denn Elfrik, der sich hier zuerst Abt nennt, be- i Jahrgang 1856. II. Heft. S. 234. 2 It will be kept in mind that Dietrich was acquainted only with the in- troduction to the Abridgment, and supposed the Abridgment itself, to be in Anglo-Saxon, thinking it was identical with the Cottonian Anglo-Saxon Fragment. — 11 — griindet die Nothwendigkeit ernes Unterrichts in der Klosterregel damit, quia nuper rogatu Aethelmeri ad monachicum habitum ordinati estis. 1 Nun aber hatte der Laie Aethelmer nicht eher iiber das aus Klerikern bestehende Kloster Etwas zu „bitten" d. h. als Patron zu bestimmen und von der geistlichen Behorde zu verlangen, als bis er durcb seine Stiftung der Patron geworden war. Glticklicherweise ist nun die Stiftungsurkunde des Klosters erhalten, wonacb es Aethelmer ertauscht, reich begabt und vitae regularis monachos (d. h. Benedictiner) ibi constituens unter seine vaterliche Obhut stellt und von biirgerlichen Lasten befreien lasst. Sie tragt die Jahrzahl 1005. Mithin ist in oder sehr bald nach diesem Jahre die kleine Benedictiner- An weisung Elfriks ge- schrieben. " The date of the Abridgment being thus fixed, it follows that the Fragment (Tib. A. III. fol. 174) can not have been composed far from this year, 1005; the only question being as to whether it was written before or after the I^atin Abridgment for the Ensham monks. It seems to me that the Fragment was written first. One objecting to this judgment may ask: "Is it not probable that iElfric, had he written the Anglo -Saxon Fragment before his Abridgment, would have made some mention of the fact in his introduction to the Abridgment?" I must certainly answer, no, considering that the Fragment is only an hurried translation of not quite half of one chapter of an extensive work — a trans- lation hardly begun but to be abandoned in favour of a more important work, as will be seen in the following paragraph. THEORY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE FRAGMENT. Upon examination of the Anglo-Saxon Fragment it will be seen that the first five pages are written fully to the bottom, while the sixth and last contains only 16 lines, leaving nearly the whole lower half of the page blank; and that, furthermore, the 1 See the first page of the Latin Abridgment printed at the end of this essay. — 12 — scribe breaks off in the middle of a sentence, the Latin original having: "Qua expleta post orationem dominicam intercanitur psalmus: In te domine, speraui -II- consequentibus precibus et orationibus." 1 Then begins a new sentence, "Quibus finitis, etc." From this 1 conclude that the author, who had abundant room on the page to finish at least the sentence begun, intentionally left the Fragment incomplete, as we have it. iElfric, in my opinion, seeing the necessity of his monks for some written rule by which they might order their lives, decided to provide them with a translation 2 of iEthelwold's "De Con- suetudine Monachorum", and the result of this decision was the Fragment of which I am treating. But after he had made this beginning he abandoned the plan in favour of making an Abridg- ment of the De Consuetudine, instead of a mere translation; and among his reasons for so doing were probably the following: He wished to provide the newly ordained monks who were not yet accustomed to the severe monastic discipline, with something shorter and more elementary than the long De Consuetudine, as he himself says in his preface to the Abridgment: "sed nee audeo omnia uobis intimare quae in Scola eius (Athelwoldi) degens multis annis de moribus seu consuetudinibus didici; etc." But he offers them "haec pauca de libro consuetudinum quern Sanctus Athelwoldus tempore Eadgari felicissimi Regis Anglorum undique collegit, etc.", "... addens etiam aliqua de libro Amalarii Presbiteri. " By doing this he was enabled to offer them a far more practical guide, freed from all unnecessary matter, and more fitted to their particular wants as he knew them; and he secured in addition the opportunity of making other sugges- tions taken from the writings of Amalarius, and, in all probability, from his own experience. This accounts for the very free style of his Abridgment, as he absorbed the matter of the De Con- suetudine and wrote out the gist of it, not at all in the order of the original, and wove much foreign matter into his work. i De Consuetudine Monachorum, Cott. Tib. A. Ill, fol. 8". 2 jElfric, an inveterate translator, in want of a guide of this kind, natur- ally turned first to the celebrated work of his revered master. — 13 — Another fact which may have influenced him in abandoning the literal translation was that the De Consuetudine was already provided with an interlinear Anglo-Saxon version, which, although in slightly earlier dialect than that of 1005, yet offered no diffi- culties in reading to the Englishman of that period. MS. COTTON. TIB. A. III. Fol. 174 et seq. I prefer to print the Fragment exactly as the ancient parch- ment has preserved it for us, correcting only the palpable mis- takes of the scribe, and sometimes supplying a commoner form for one rarely met with, as in lines 21, 37, 79, and 104. I may, however, call attention to a few peculiarities of the text. The following mistakes in orthography give evidence of the hurried manner in which the scribe did his work. Line 35, oftra biddenda broftra, for oftre biddende broftru. „ 65, J?sere, for f»ser. „ 70, audfealdlice, for anfealdlice. „ 92, eal, for eallum. „ 100, scola, for scolu or scole. A wrong translation will be found in line 141, )?as twegen sealmos, where the Latin text gives but one psalm to be sung twice. There are numerous anomalous cases of imitation of Latin constructions, especially of the ablative absolute, as in line 43, criste getySigendum, for Ghristi annuente gratia; line 79, heom eallum sittendum, for residentibus cunctis; line 80, singendum fiftynum sealmum, for cunctis . . . canentibus quindecim psalmos; and lines 84, 86, 88, 108, and 136 also contain imitations of the abl. abs. In fact the scribe finds this construction so convenient that he once (in line 83) translates a Latin present part, flectentes genua, by the dative absolute = gebigendum heora cneowum. Line 53 offers an imitation of another Latin construction: j?aet J?u geunna me Jmrhwunian, for ut concedas mihi . . . pera- gere. Line 120 contains another: Dset gif hit by)? geendod, for Ouod si . . finitum fuerit. — 14 — These constructions evidently arose from the translator's desire to be as concise and literal as possible; and had the translation been finished, it is probable that much therein would have been revised and corrected. The only accents in the Frag- ment are, line 16, agynne; line 74, aganne; line 90, over the Latin te ; and line 92, cwene. Y has its dot in every case except one (line 17, twyon, evi- dently an oversight on the scribe's part). As to abbreviations, J invariably stands for and, and f is al- most invariable for |?set. A dash is always found over a syllable where a letter or letters are omitted. When the scribe is writing Anglo-Saxon the dash always denotes the omission of an m or n, but in a Latin word it often indicates the omission of other let- ters, as in line 133, qs dne, for quaesumus, Domine. A word or letter omitted through oversight is written in above the line with a sign like an elongated comma below it, as in lines 49, 54, and 125. The only interpolations worth men- tioning are, line 15, Benedictes; lines 45, 46, and 47, the Latin headings of the penitential psalms; lines 127 — 128, ]?arsefter . . . pater noster; lines 131 — 132, et sororum . . . pace. Usually only the leading words of the original's Latin prayers are given; another proof of hurried work. THE DE CONSUETUDINE MONACHORUM. (Cotton. Tib. A. III. Pol. 6 h et seq.) I print the original Latin text parallel with the Fragment for the sake of easy comparison, and have added the older inter- linear version for the same reason, as such a comparison of the three versions cannot fail to be of great interest to the student of Anglo-Saxon. It will be kept in mind that the De Consuetu- dine, of which only half of the first chapter is here given, is an extensive work in twelve chapters. There is a copy of it (omit- ting the interlinear Anglo-Saxon) in the British Museum, Harl. No. 552. — 15 — THE PREFACE TO THE DE CONSUETUDINE MONACHORUM. (Cotton. Tib. A. III. Fol. 3—6.) This Preface, in which .ZEthelwold gives an interesting ac- count of King Eadgar's exertions in the cause of the church, I print immediately after the two parallel texts for the purpose of offering further opportunity for comparison, and to give the reader a better idea of the character of iEthelwold's work, the De Con- sue tudine Monachorum. THE LATIN ABRIDGMENT. (Corp. Chr. Coll. Camb. No. 265.) This epistle of .ZElfric's is thirty-one pages long, and as its connection with the Cottonian Fragment is somewhat remote, I print only two pages, including the historically important preface, in order that the reader may receive an idea of the character of the work. It is to be hoped that both this work and the De Consuetudine will some time find an editor, who, in preparing them for publication will be amply rewarded by the interest and importance of the task. — 16 — FRAGMENT OP iELFRIC'S TRANSLATION OF ^ETHEL WOLD'S "DE CONSUETUDINE MONACHORIJM ". Cod. Cotton. Tib. A. HI. F. 174 a . 1 Her ongynft seo endebyrdnyss. hu munecum ge- rist to healdenne ]?one regollican ]?eaw geond bses geares embryne on daeg-Serlicum dagum. 3 on nibtum. A kalendis octobris synd 5 to nimene ealle anginriu eawfestlicra |>eawa mid godes fultume. ]?e synd to healdenne mid eadmodre henunge. 1 nead-behefre. on ]?am regollican gewunan. 3 haligra fsede- ra efenlsecunge. aegfter ge gastlice. ge tidli- 10 ce. Jms hi beon agunnene. Eornostlice her sy gehealden seo ned-behefe ]?eaw hses halgon fegoles mid Ipasre msestan gymene ge on lytlon j?ingon. ge on micglum. fram eallum under-beoddum J?am haligan ioce. 15 Benedictes regoles. heah ]?e senlypige senigne ofterne agynne. nates-hwon him ne sy ge hafod. for-j?am-j>e buton selcum twyon. ne J?urh-wuna$ naming trum o&Se Strang fam ]>e ]?ola$ cristes bletsunga. ]?ses sel- 20 mihtigan scyppendes. ) begymendes ealra gesceapenra ]?inga mid rihtwisre gemetegunga. For-j?y ma sceal on selcere tide on nihtlicum timan. j?onne se broker arist of his bedde to J?am godcundlican 25 weorce. serest he onsette him sylfum f tacn All the hyphens in the text are my own. Saxon ji and 5 are usually employed even in Latin words of this text. 4 kalendis . . . there is a Saxon r at the end of this word, but usually the scribe uses the Latin f even in Saxon words. 13 lytlon bingon, the endings mark the unsettled state of the language during this period of incipient disintegration. 15 MS., Benedictus. 21 MS., rihtwisra. ^THELWOLD'S DE CONSUETUDINE MONACHORUM. Cod. Cotton. Tib. A. III. Fol. 6 b . INOIPIT ORDO QtTALITER DIURNIS SIUE NOCTURNIS HORIS REGTJLARIS MOB A MONACHIS PER ANNI CIRCULPM OBSERUARI CONUENIAT. Pram sewfsestra )>eawa drihtnes AKALUNDIS ENIM OCTOBRIS RELI670SORUM MORUM D03UTSI gefultumigendre gyfe anginn to uimenne ealle )>a gewunan regul- OPITULANTE gratia exordium sumendo. omnia quae usu regu- lioum -\ haligra faedra geefenlsecunge gastlice oJ>J>e lichamlioe lari et sanctorum patrum imitatione spmtfualia siue corporalia mid eadmodre neodfulre to donne synd J>enunge mid bletsunge syn on- humili ac necessario agenda sunt officio cum benedictione in- gynnenne. her witudlice msestre "ware )>eaw ofer neod sam)>e choentur. Hie igitur maximi muniminis mos pernecessarius tarn on lytlum Mngum sambe on mioelum selice fram eallum geooe regules in modicis rebus quam magnis. legitime, a cunctis iugo regulae under -)>eoddum singalre si gehealden heordrsedene t>eaht>e gif syndrige awiht deditis iugi teneatur custodia etiam si singuli quip- onginnan nateshwon si betwux asend nabt buton twyn piam inchoauerint. minime intermittatur. Nihil procul dubio trum o\>\>e Strang Jmrhwunab )>set sele soyppendes i rihtum firmum ualidumue permanebit, quod cuncti creantis ac iusto gemete gesoeapenre begymendes cristes bletsunge J>olaJ> moderamine creata gubernantis Christ benedictione carebit. S on eallum timan nihternum tidum >onne to weorce godcundum of ideoqwe omni tempore nocturnis horis, cum ad opus diuinum de 1 bedde aris se broher serest him tacn )>sere halgan rode lectulo surrexerit irater, primum sibi signum sanctae crucis i MS. di. — 18 — j?sere halgan rode. j?urh clypunge |?sere hah- gan ]?rynnesse. siiSftan he singe J?set fers. Domine labia mea aperies, eal. sySSan |?one sealm. Dews in adiutorium meum intende eal. mid 30 gloria patri. j?onne for-sceawige his licha- lice neode. gif he be]?earf. on j?eere tide. J singe he bone sealm. Ad te downne leuaui ani- mam meam eal. mid miccelre arwurftnysse. J warscype. efstende to cyrcean. swa f> he ne 35 lsette o$re biddende broSru. J ]?onne asende he his bene to drihtne mid gebigendum cneowum. on gej?seslicre stowe. 1 on wune- licre. swySor on gej?ance. bonne on rmrSe. swa f his stefne burh-fare }?ses mild-heortan 40 drihtnes earan. fremfullice jrurh mic- cele onbrydnysse his mode. } his synna gebsencednessa. ] he begyte ealra his synna forgyfennyssa. criste getySigendum. Bornostlice on bam forman gebede he singe 45 J>a bry seofan penitentiales psalmos. Domine ne furore tuo arguas me. Beati quorum. Domine ne in furore tuo. mid pater noster. bingiende for him sylfum serest. sefter by- sum he bidde jris gebed. Grafias. f ys. Eala jm selmih- 50 tiga fseder. ic bancige J?e. bu be gemedemedest met to gehealdene on bissere nihte, ic bidde jrine mildheortnysse mildheorta drihten. f bu geunna me burh-wunian bone towear- 26 J>eere, first word of 3?ol. 174b. 35 MS., oSra biddenda broSra. 37 MS., get>seslicra stowa wuneliora. 41 MS., synne, but the scribe probably meant the plural, as in the Latin. 49 "P ys . . . written over the line in the MS. 51 me, first word of Fol. 175 a. — 19 — on asette )>urh haligre brynnesse gecigednesse sybban cwebe 1> imprimat ' , per sanctae trinitatis inuocationem. Deinde dicat fers J>ar sefter bone sealm uersum: Domzne labia aperies. Dehinc psalmum: Dowunws in- ealne mid bonne besceawige him adiutorium meum intende, totum cum gloria. Tunc prouideat sibi lichamlice geoyndes neode gif on bsere tide he behofige i swa corpoream naturae necessitatem si ipsa hora indiguerit, et sic to oiroean ofstende he singe bone sealm ad oratorium festinando psallat psalmum: Ad te dowwne leuaui mid healicre arwyrbnysse 7 wsernyssa ingangende baet animam meam: cum summa reuerentia et cautela intrans, ut o)re gebiddende ne na gelette ~\ bsenne gebigedum cneowum on stowe alios orantes non impediat. At tunc flexis genibus in loco gedafenlicre s gewuneliore on drihtnes gesihbe he asende his gebedum congruo et consueto in domini conspectu effundat preces swibor on heortan bsenne on muh swa j> hys stefn burh micele modes magis corde quam ore 2 , ita ut illius uox per magnam animi onbryrdnysse 7 synna hys gemunioge earan compunctionem et peccaminum suorum recordationem aures mildheortes drihtnes soearplioe buhr-fare i scylda ealra misericordis domini efficaciter penetret, ac scelerum omnium oristes geunnendre gyfe forgyfenyssa begyte. chris^i annuewte 3 gratia ueniam obtineat; 4 on l>am forman witud gebede singe he bry fyrmystan In prima itaque oeatione decantet tees peimos dsedbote sealmos mid gebede drihtenlicum eal swa on sefter P0ENITENTIJE psalmos cum oratione dominica, uti in fyligendum for hyre sylfe serest bingiende sefter )>ysum sequentibus pro se ipso primum intercedendo. Post hos gebed biss bancas J>e 5 ic do la selmihtiga feeder >u orationem istam: Gratias tibi ago omnipotens pater qui me gemedemudest on byssere nihte gehealdan ic bidde miltse dignatus es in bac nocte custodire, deprecor clementiam bine la mildheorta drihten f )>u forgyfe me dseg towyrdne swa tuam, misericors domine, ut concedas mihi 6 diem uenturum sic 1 MS. inprimat. 2 MS. hore. 3 MS. annuete. 4 obtineat, first word of Pol. 7 a. 5 notice accent. 6 MS. michi. 2* — 20 — dan dseg on binum halgum beowdome mid eadmod- 55 nysse. D todale swa baet he gelicige ure byw- dom. per dran nrm ihm yrm filium tuum. SySSan he gange to bam obran gebede. ) singe ba twegen seftre sealmas. Miserere mei dews. 3 Domine exaudi. mid pater noster. 60 3 preces barto. bingiende. for bam cynge. 3 bsere cwsene. 3 for eallum urum wel- dondum. 3 inhiredum. mid bissere collectan. Dews qui caritatis dona per gra£mm sancti s^iriius, eal. SySSan he gange to bam briddan oratione. 65 bare he singe ba twegen asftemestan peniten- tiales sealmas. De profnndis. 3 Domine exau- di. n. for eallum geleaffullum forS-gewi- tenum. mid bisse collectan. Inueniant quaesumus domine animae famulorum famularumqzte. 70 Witodlice hringe me ane bellan anfeald- lice o'SSset ba cildru in-to cyrcean cuman. Eac swylce notigean ba sylfan cild brym- fealdum oratione. bonne hi beon inn aganne. bset seo arwurftnyss bare haligan 75 brynnysse sy gehealden. fram eallum ge- broftrum eawfsestlice. Softlice bonne ba breo gebedu beon geendode frawa bam cildum. bonne hringe me ba o$re stunde. heom 68 MS. Jasan, but the original has the singular. 70 MS. andfealdlice. 76 gebroSrum, first word of Pol. 175 b. — 21 — on binii haligu beowdome dreogan mid eadmodnesse "j gesceade 1* in tuo sancto seruitio peragere cum humilitate et discretione ut be gelicige beowdom ure tibi complaceat seruitus nostra, 1 per dominum nostrum. )>anan he cume to obrum gebede bar fiJigende twegen Inde ueniat ad secwwdam orationem, ubi sequentes duos he singe sealmas for oyninog l cwene ~i hiwcubum mid dicat psalmos pro rege et regina atqwe familiaribus cum gebede la god ba sobre lufe gyfa burh gyfe haliges gastes oratione: Dews qui caritatis dona per graimm sawcii spiritus binra heortum geleaffulra on-asendest syle beowum 7 )>eowenum binum tuorum cordibus fidelium inindisti 2 , da famulis et famulabus tuis for bam bine we biddab miltse hsele modes i pro quibus tuam deprecamur clementiam salutem mentis et liohaman j> be eallum msegene hi lufian T ba be gecweme synd corporis, ut te tota uirtute diligant, et quae tibi placita sunt mid ealle lufe hi gefremman tota dilectione perficiant. per dominum nostrum. banan to briddum gebede cumende twegen aeftran sealmas Inde ad tertiam orationem ueniens duos posteriores psalmos for geleaffullu forbfarenu he singe mid gebede findan we pro fidelibus defunctis decantet cum oratione: Inueniant, quae- halsiab sawla ffeowa T beowena binra leohtes sumus, domine, animae famulorum famularumqwe tuarum lucis eoes mid-winninge ba on bysum leohte gesette bine begeaten aeternae consortium qui in hac luce positi, tuum consecuti sunt halignesse sacramentum; per dominum nostrum. T ob baet witodlioe cildra inngan ba cyrcean an on sundron Et donee quidem pueri itroeant ecclesiam, unum continuatim se gehringed belle pulsetur tintinnabulum. ba eac cildru inagane i> brynnesse arwyrbnesse fram Ipsi quoqtte pueri ingressi, ut trinitatis reuerentia ab eallum sewunga si gehealden brynenu hi brucan gebede. geendedum omnibus legitime teneatur, trina utantur oratione. Pinitis soblice brim gebedum fram cildrum si sweged ober tacn f stand uero tribus orationibus a pueris, sonetur secundum signum MS. noster. 2 MS. infuisti. — 22 — eallum sittendum on heora settlum ende- 80 byrdlice. ] singendum fiftynum sealmum. eal swa hi standaft mid ]?ry-fealdre todse- linge. swa swa ]>a, uferan seofan sealmas, gebigendum heora cneowum. setter fif sealmum. gewordenre cnucunge fram 85 fam ealdre. Softlice betwux ]?am oftrum stundum. J ]?am geendedum. mid j?am il- can fiftynum sealmum. ongynnan hi }>one uhtsang. geendodum ]?am uhtsange. J?onne singan hi twegan sealmas. Domine ne in 90 furore. D exaudiat te dominus. aenne softlice for ]?am cynge synderlice. ofterne for j?83re cwene. J for eallum inhiredum. mid Jrisan collectan. Quaesumus omni^otens dews ut famulus tuus rex noster. cSre for ]?are cwene. 95 Rege quaesumus doiwine famulam tuam. j?ridde for eallum inhiredum. 79 MS. heore. 92 MS. eal. — 23 — sittendum eallum on setlum hyra be endebyrdnesse -\ singendum residentibus cunctis in sedibus suis, ordinatim atqwe canentibus fyftyne sealmas stsepa sendermselum mid trynum todale eal swa ha sef- xvci i psalmos graduum singillatim trina partitione uti supe- tran seofon bigende hyra cneow aefter fif sealmum gedonu riores vntem flectentes genua post quinqwe psalmos facto tacne fra yldran ongemang soJ>lice gecnyllendu ot>rum stundum s signo a priore. Interim 2 autem pulsatis reliquis signis atqwe geendedu mid J>am sylfu sealmum hi onginnan bone uhtsang gedonum finitis cum eisdem psalmis incipiant nocturnam. Peractis nocternum cwet>on twegen sealmas ~l nocturnis dicant duos psalmos : Domine ne in furore tuo • i • et * anne gewislice for cingc sinderlice o)>erne exaudiat te deus. Unum uidelicet pro rege specialiter, alterum so)>lice for oincg -\ cwene -j hiredmanmi mid l^ysum collectum uero pro rege et regina ac familiaribws cum his collectis: we halsiat> la aelmihtig 3 god •£ l>eow )>m oync ure Quaesumus, omnipotens dews ut famulus tuus rex nosier, ille se mid >inre gemiltsunge onfeng rices gymena msegena eac qui tua miseratione suscepit regni gubernacula uirtutum etiam ealra he onfo spryttinga mid >am gerysenlice gefratewad -\ leahtra omnium percipiat incrementa, quibus decenter ornatus et uitiorum egesan forbugan -\ feond oferswiban s to )>e \>u )>e so>faestnes ~i monstra diuitare et hostem superare et ad te qui uia ueritas et lit' eart J>ancfull he msege beouman gerihtlseo uita es gratiosus ualeat peruenire, per dominwm nosirwm. Rege, drihtne >eowena )>ine l gyfe )>inre on hyre quaesumus, domine, famulam tuam, i\\am, et gratiae tuae in ea sylena gemaenigfyld ■}* fram eallum freoh setsporningum i tidlicum dona multiplica ut ab omnibus libera offensis et temporalibus heo na si forlseten fultumum i on ecum heo geblissige geseoednyssum non destituatw auxiliis et sempiternis gaudeat institutis. per dominum nostrum. * quindeoim, first word of Fol. 7 b. 2 MS. Iterim. * MS. selmih. — 24 — Dews qui caritatis dona. 1 swa sy gedon on eallum geendedum regol- icum tidum. iEfter ]?ysum sealmum ge- wurfte sum litel hwil on eallum sumere. 100 swa swa se regol bebyt. Ga 'seo scolu mid heora magistrum to bare gewunelican neo- de. T belifan ba o'Sre innon cyrcean on heo- ra gebedum. butan barn be bsere neode be- burfan. iEfter bysan folgian sefter-sangas. 105 D sefter miserere mei deus. to-geycean hi twe- gen sealmas for fam cyncge. 3 b'aere cwene. 1 innhiredum. Beati quorum. D Inclina domine. ]?am geendodum. singan hi bone antemp. be bsere halgan rode. J bgersefter senne be sancta, 110 marian. 1 be bses halgan arwurSnysse )?e by$ gewurSod on bsere andweardan cyrcean. 1 gif bar nan ne byb. singan hi be j?sere cyric- halgunga. sefter byson ys to ganne to fam oftran seftersange j?set ys de omnibus Sanctis. 115 singende senne antiphcmam to bses halgan reliquie o$3e to bam portice. be he by]? to-gehalgod. sefter de omnibus Sanctis, singan hi for forft- farenum. laudate iominum in Sanctis eius on uhton. 1 on sefen. De profundis. 120 Bast gif hit by]? geendod be daeges leohte. swa swa hit gebyre'S. onginnan hi prim- sangc. butan selcere bellan cnelle. softlice gif hit elles by)?, abidan hi dseges. T )?onne se belle cnelle. beon hi ealle gegaderode 125 to primsancge. srSSan aefter bam primsancge. singan hi twegen sealmas. ]?one seftran. Domine ne in furore tuo. 1 Miserere mei dews. barsefter. Requiem aeternam. mid kyrrieleisoM. 1 pater noster. 100 MS. scola. 101 heora, first word of Fol. 176 a. 104 MS. sefter-sanges. 108 antemp . . . for antefn probably, although, masculine. 125 notice spelling of primsang here and in line 121; the c of the first primsancge in line 125 is added over the word with the sign ,. Notice final t> in lines 112, 120, 123, rare in this MS. 126 singan, first word of Pol. 176b. 25 Pro rege et regina ac benefactoribus. -\ swa geendedum Dews qui caritatis req: inpreced: folio. Et sic finitis eallum regollicu tidum symle si gedon. sefter J>ysum sealmum onmibus regularibus horis semper agatur. Post hos psalmos an lytel swa se regol bytt t ealne sumor hit gedafena)> beo paruissimum, uti regula proecipit et tota aestate conuenit, fiat fyrst f fee utaganre soole mid larewe to neode interuallum. Egressa scftolai cum magistro ad necessitudinis bryce o>re buton Jm J>e behofiaf> on oyrcean gebedum under-)>eodde usum , ceteri nisi qui indigent in ecclesia orationibus dediti sittan. setter )>ysum fylian dseges lofsangas. sefter resideant. Post hoc sequantur diei laudes. Post: miserere mei hi togeioean twegen sealmas for cyncg i owene ^ hiwcuj>um dews, addant duos psalmos pro rege reginaqwe et familiaribus. 1 bam geendedum singan antefn Beati quorum, et inclina domme. Quibus finitis cantent anti- be rode syj))>an antefn be see marian ■) be phonam de cruce; Inde antiphowam de 2 sancta, maria, et de >a halgan J>ses arwyrbnys on anwyrdre ys wyrbud cyrcean oM>e gif lsesse sancto cuius ueneratio in praesenti colitur ecclesia, aut si minus byl> be bsere stowe halsunge setter J>am ys geganne to fuerit, de ipsius loci consecratione. Post quas eundum est ad uhtlioum lofsangum de eallum halgum singende antefn matutinales laudes de omwibus Sanctis, decantando antiphowa»w to wyrt>unge )>ses halgan J>am 1s portic to J>am byj> faren ys gehalgud ad uenerationem sancti cui porticus ad quam itur dedicata setter >am lofsangum for fortfarendum gif )>set leohte dseges swa hit est. Post quas laudes pro defunctis. Quod si luce diei ut gedafena]) geendud hyt> ongynnan primsang buton bellan tacne oportet finitum fuerit, incipiant primam absqwe tintinnabuli signo. gif elleshu gebidan leoht i geonilledum tacne hi beon gegaderude Sin autem expectent lucem. Et pulsato signo congregentur to primsange J>sersefter geendedii prime twegen sealmas ad primam. Deinde finita prima, duos psalmos: Domine, ne in 1 singan serest for furore tuo • ii • et miserere mei dews • i • canant. Primum pro i MS. scola. 2 de, first word of Pol. 8 a. — 26 — J |?onne ssrest for )?aes lichaman costnunge 130 mid precen. Proba nos domine. Non ueniat nobis domine pes superbiae. 1 Animae fratrum et sororum. nostrarum requiescant in pace. ] collector. Ure igne sancti sniritus. J oftre. Inueniant quaesumus domine. J swa bi singan J?a seofan penitentiales seal- 135 mos. J J>ar-be-twynan. Inclina domine. mid gewunelicum ]?eawe. j?ysum softlice ge- endodum. licgan bi ealle eadmodlice astrebte set-foran |?am weofode. buton ulcere cnucunge oftfte styrunge. oft hit 140 beo eal gefylled. ] )?a geendode. singon pa- ter nosier. 1 ]?as twegen sealmos. In te domine speraui. 129 MS. liohoman. 141 twegen, mistranslation as explained in the introduction. — 27 — fljesoes costunge mid benen carnis temptatione cum precibus: Proba nos domine, etNonueniat t>sene seftran so)>lice for nobis pes superbiae, et collecte: Ure igne. Sequentem uero pro forjjgewitenum bro>rum mid defunctis fraMbus, cum collecta: Inueniant quaesumus domine, 1 swa mid >eawe gewunelicu et prece: Animae fratrum nosirorum, et sic more solito dsedbote sealmas foryrnan estelice betwyx gesettum sealme poenitentiae psalmos percurrant deuote, interposito psalmo: J>iaum geende^um sefterfylige halig ben >a mid eallum Inclina domine. His uero finitis subsequatur laetania quam universo i>eawe gewunelicum astrehte eadmodlice nanum forlaetenum tacne gecnucedu more solito prostrati humiliter nullo excepto signo pulsato hi gefyllan bsere gefylledre sefter gebed dribtenlic betwux si gesungen compleant. Qua expleta post orationem dominicam intercanitur sealm psalmus: In te domine speraui. II. consequentibus precibus et orationibus. PREFACE TO ^ETHELWOLD'S "DE CONSUETUDINE". Cod. Cotton. Tib. A. III. (Pol. 3—6.) Prooemium Regularis Concordiae Anglicae Nationis Mona- chorum Sanctimonialiumque Orditur: — Se wuldorfulla witudlice cristes gemltumigendre gyfe engliscra Gloriosus etenim Eadgar Christi opitulante gratia Anglorum 7 o|>ra )>eoda wiSinnan embhwyrft brittisces iglandes ceterarumque gentium inter ambitum Brittanicae insulae wunigendra cincg a¥$elboren fram opginnendre l hys cyldbades ylde J>eah be degentium Rex egregius ab inuente suae puritiae aetate, licet swa swa seo gewunaj> yld myslicum brace Seawum i swa J>eah uti ipsa solet aetas diuersis uteretur moribus; attamen gesyhbe mid godcundre sethrinen abbude sumon geornfulhim mynegiendum respectu diuino attactus abbate quodam assiduo monente, ■j cynelicne ribtes geleafan weg geswuteligendum ongann mserlice ac regiam catholicae fidei uiam demonstrante, cepit magnopere god ondra^dan lufian "j wurbian scinendum litlun ~£ art-hwega geleafan deum timere, diligere, ac uenerari. Radiante paulatim fidei spearcan ydelnysse mid slavwhe adiligud acwunce mid hwylcum scintilla ne otiositatis torpore explosa delitesceret. Quibus haligra worca gearnungum on hatne fullfremednysse wylm sanctorum operum meritis in feruidum perfectionis ardorem beon onrcled he mihte geornfullice asmeagian carfall he ongann. afun- accendi ualeret studiose percunctari sollicitus cepit. Com- denum gewislioe J>set J>a halgan mynstra on myslicum hys cynerices stowuni perto etenim quod sacra coenobia diuersis sui regiminis locis tororene ~i for-nean drihtnes ures hselendes cristes )um na i> restaurauit, eiectisque neglegentium clericorum spurcitiis, non an munecas ac eac mynecyna eao faederum -\ moddrum solum monachos uerum sanctimoniales etiam patribus matribusque gesettum to godes )>eowdome seghwar geond swa mycele hys rices constitutis ad dei famulatum ubique per tantam sui regni rymj>e estfullice he gesette i mid godum eallu gego- amplitudinem deuotissime constituit, bonisque omnibus locu- diendum blij>e he gewelegude cyneliore witudlice gebrocen )>enunge pletans gratulabundus ditauit. Regali utique functus officio swaswa hyrfaa hyrde carfull fram reaflum ortrywra geaglum ueluti pastorum pastor sollicitus a rabidis perfidorum rictibus swylce gynigendum wulfa gomum t hracu ba sceap t>e drihtnes for- uti biantibus luporum faucibus oues quas domini lar- gyfendre gyfe geornfull he gegaderude bewerigende he generude s ge- giente gratia studiosus collegerat muniendo eripuit; con- mseccean mynecyna mynsterclusan swa nnearges iugique suae .ZElfbrybe. Sanctimonialium mandras ut impauidi mid gewunan hyrdes heo bewerade swyhe waerlice he bebead ■£ witadlice more custodis defenderet, cautissime praecepit ut uidelicet waepnmann waepnmann wifmann wifmannum buton aenigre wenan twyn- mas maribus femina feminis sine ullo suspicionis scru- unge geheolpe regullicre witudlice lialiges fasder rihtincge pulo subueniret. Regulari itaque sancti patris benedicti norma l wyr)>]ice onfangenre ge abbudas swybe manega ge eac abbudissan honestissime suscepta, tarn abbates perplurimi quam abbatissae, mid him underJ>eoddum gebroJ>ra i swystra geferscypum halgena cum sibi subiectis fratrum sororumque collegiis sanctorum fylian fotswal>u mid anum geleafan na swa t>eah mid anum t>eawes gewunan sequi uestigia una fide non tamen uno consuetudinis usu to-geflites mid mycelre hygdan geblissunge mid tylcum witudlice certatim cum magna studuerint hilaritate. Tali igitur ac 1 J>us mycelii bigendge t>es foresaeda cyncg mserlice gegladnd diglu tanto studio praefatus rex magnopere delectatus archana gehwylce mid geornftdre care smeagende synoJ>lice gemot set wintanceastre quaeque diligenti cura examinans synodale concilium uuintoniae norma, first word of fol. 3 b. — 30 — beon gedemde i >ar word mynegyendlice ~i gesibsume on bocfelle fieri decreuit, illucque uerba exhortatoria ac pacifica pitacio hluttorlice awritenne swyj>e eadmod lie asende ~i ealle cristes luculentissime caraxata humillimus destinauit, cunctosque christi onbryrd mid gyfe he myngude t>aet hi efenhwsere mid gelioum J>eawes l compunctus gratia monuit, ut Concordes aequali consuetu- gewunan halige ■} aoostnude 2 geefenlaecende fsedras regullice dinis usu sanctos probatosque imitando patres regularia bebodu mid fsestum ge>ances ancran gehealdende nate-hwon twy- praecepta tenaci mentis anchora seruantes nullo modo dissen- iocende ungetwserudon f> na ungelio 7 mislio anes regules -j anes tiendo discordarent, ne impar ac uarius unius regulae ac unius efceles gewuna bysmorlice tale haligre drohtnunga ongebrohte patriae usus probrosae nituperium sanctae conuersationi irrogaret. ■Syses heah-yldestan cyncges mid smeagre mynegunge gastlice Huius praecellentissimi 3 regis sagaci monitu spiritaliter onbryrde na ^ an bisoeopas ac eac swyloe abbudas -) abbutissan compuncti non tantum episcopi uerum etiam abbates ac abbatissae J> set swylcne T swa mioelne hi geearnudon habban lareo w uppastrehtum quod talem ac tantum meruerunt habere doctorem erectis to roderum handum ormsete heah sittendum t>ancas will fsegene ad aethera palmis immensas celsi throno grates uoti compotes gerecoean hyna yldon witud sona hys hsesum mid ealre modes referre non distulerunt. Nam ilico eius imperiis toto mentis smeaunge blibelice hyrsumigende 1 haliges ealdres ures conamine 4 alacriter obtemperantes sanctique patroni nostri Gre- lara mid )>am J>sene eadigan mynian he higde gorii documenta quibus beatum Augustinum monere studuit, 1> na 1> an romaniscra ao eac swilce frenciscra wyrHice ut non solum romanarum 5 uerum etiam gallicarum 6 honestos cyrcena gewunan niwre engla cyrcean gewlitigende he gesette aecclesiarum usus rudi anglorum aecclesia decorando constitue- wyrMgende togeclipedu floriscu monecu >ses eadigan s eac J>ses healican ret recolentes accitis florensis beati Benedicti, nee non praecipui mynstres. )>aet brymum ys genemned naman munecum seghwylce coenobii quod celebri gent nuncupatur uocabulo monachis, quaeque of wyrSum hyra beawum wur)>fulle gegadriendre swaswa beon hunigcamb ex dignis eorum moribus honesta colligentes, uti apes fauu 1 MS. J>eawas. 2 MS. acos. 3 MS. praecellentissime. 4 MS. conanime- ^ MS. romanae. 6 Mg. gallia, with a hole obliterating the last syllable-raw. — 31 — teares mid mislicum felda bloatmum on anre hyfe swa has nectaris diuersis pratorum floribus in uno alueario, ita has )>eawa gewunan to lifes wyrjmysse -) regulicre gebealtsumnesse morum consuetudines ad uitae honestatem et regularis obseruantiae werednesse "p fra J>am \>e weg cynelicne beboda drihtnes dulcedinem, ut ab his qui 1 uiam regiam mandatorum domini buton gylpes leahtre mealclij>e na gyfc eadmodlioe stseppa'S ut-anyddre absque iactantiae uitio lactei adhuc humiliter incedunt, depulsu snoffan aemylnysse buton ceorunge sewlice drence beon abyrged mid nausiae tedio sine querela legitime haustu degustari liben- lufwendum ~l grsedige mid luflicre hi mihton beon gefyllede estfulnesse gemet- tissimo ac auidi amabili possent impleri deuotione tem- lice mid'mycelum ■} fremfullu gesceades todale oristes middaneardes perante cum magna ac subtili rationis discretione christi mundi bselendes gefultumigendre gyfe on >ysse gehwsedan gesetton beo saluatoris opitulante gratia, hoc exiguo apposuerunt catlicello. t> na witudlice syndrige gif hyra 1> na gewyrj>e fyndele on hyra wisan Ne igitur singuli si suam quod absit adinuentionem suapte bristfulle geouran J>sene mserustan halige byrsumnysse wsestm praesumptos 2 eligerent,excellentissimumsanctaeobedientiaefructum aumre wyi')>erwyrdnesse wrytan on unnet beswicene earmlice for-leton alicuius arrogantiae fastu inopinate seducti miserabiliter amitterent -] cSSe neab ma >senne muneoas oj't'e menn wseron ac Sarabaitae uel fere potius quam monachi aut homines uide- ge>uhte aewlice behat drihtne urum 3 baelendu oriste anmode by bebeton rentur legitimi uotum dno nro ihu chro unanimes nouerunt, ~i mid wedde gastlioum bi gefsestnudan bi life gesi(>an geoce regules pactoque spirituali confirmauerunt, se uita comite iugo regulae under->eodde )>as amearoudan >eawa gewunan gemsenelicre openlioe deditos has adnotatas morum consuetudines communi palam bealdan drobtnunge ot>er aegbwylc on diglum gebedhuses custodire conuersatione. Ceterum unusquisque secretis oratorii stowum on swa mioelum swa baliges gastes gyfe mildelice on-tibt locis in quantum sancti spiritus gratia clementer instiga- synder-lypum gewitan gode mid godra weorca waeccean uerit peculiaribus teste domino cum bonorum operum uigilantia rsedlice bruce gebedum t>set to-sohan se aebela byses consulte utatur orationibus. Hoc etenim Dunstanus egregius huius 1 qui, first word of Pol. 4 a. 2 MS. presumptuos. 3 MS. urium. — 32 — et>eles aerce-bisceop mid forewitigum >urhblawen gaste to getrym- patriae archiepiscopus praesago afflatus spiritu ad corrobo- menne )>aes foressedan sino>licre gegaderunge gemot gleawlioe -\ randum praefati sinodalis conuentus conciliabulum prouide ac wislice to-gehihte >set gewislice nsenig muneca oftSe seniges sapienter addidit, ut uidelicet nullus monachorum uel alicuius heahran hades wer o)>J>e neo)>eran diglu myneeyna dyrstig altioris gradus uir uel inferioris secreta sanctimonialium audax ingan farendra get>ristlsehte s >a )>e gastlices anwealdes ingredi lustrando praesumeret. Et hi qui spiritualis imperii ealdorscype to lare note na to weoruldliore rioetere prioratum ad disciplinae utilitatem non ad secularis tyrannidem mihte ofer big begat> swa hyra swa se eadiga mynegaj> potentatus super eas exercent, ita suum ut beatus hortatur Ysi- digla gemetlice foresceawian to-gang ¥ hyra dorus secretorum temperate praeuideant accessum, ut earum regules gehealdrumnesse nates-hwon ongean cwe)>an J>set sylfe regulari obseruantiae minime contra dicant. Id solum modo riht-gelyfedrum regulicum geoce under-)>eoddu to begymenne we gedemdon catholicis regulari iugo deditis ad tendendum censuimus 1 , na f >a J>e on gewtman fsedra for J>sene cingo T wel-dondum of l>sera ne earn quae usu patrum pro rege ac benefactoribus quorum wel-dsedum criste gyfendum we synd fedde Mngrsedene on gebede ge- beneficiis christo largiente pascimur intercession's oratione con- wunelice we singaj> mid micelre swifnysse singende god swy)>or to suete canimus nimia uelocitate psallendo dominum potius ad yrsunge unhesceawudlice >set na sig forJ>-clypian bsenne foresceawud- iracundiam inconsiderate quod absit prouocent, quam prouide lice to synna forgyfenyssa innlaMan swa witudlioe minegiende feeder ad peccaminum ueniam inuitent. Ita igitur hortante patre urum ealle to-dselendlice singende hy dryman t nostro Benedicto omnia distincte psallendo modificentur, ut gebangc ure gej>wserige stsefne ure 1 ^ si gefylled )>set apostolice mens nostra concordet uoci nostrae, et impleatur illud apostolicum, ic sinoge on gaste io singe ~i on gej>ance gif so>lice for eenigre neode Psallam spiritu, psallam et mente. Si autem pro qualibet ne- ahwset wijmtan gemsenne reguJices }>eawes gewunan cessitate quid extra communem regularis consuetudinis usum 1 censuimus, first word of Pol. 4 b. — 33 — to-icenne byl> swa lange hyt si gedon 0$ bset se intinga for addendum fuerit, tamdiu agatur, quo adusque negotium pro bam hit ys gedon cristes gefultumigendre gyfe si gebet ^ Jpast for- quo agitur christi opitulante gratia melioretur. Et ut con- hogudre wi)>erwerdnysse wrytan bancfullust hyrsumnysse si begiten wsestm tempto arrogantiae fastu gratissimus obedientiae acquiratur fructus ■) grad se regullioa an >am ys geboden t> nanMncg na do se munuc et gradus ille regularis in quo praecipitur, ut nihil ' agat monachus, buton t>aet geinsenes mynstres regul ohfre yldrena syn geminegude nisi quod communis monasterii regula uel maiorum cohortantur bysena geornlicost si gehealdon 2 nates-hwon leng exempla, diligentissime custodiatur, nequaquam ulterius prae- J>ristlioe gewunan si healdan 2 mid dyrstignysse buton gej>eahte sinol>lioum sumptuose usu teneatur temerario nisi concilio sinodali geooren j betseht mid gesceade msegena ealra meder fram electum traditumque cum discretione uirtutum omnium matre ab eallum byj> riht-gelifedum on fore-specenum witudlice sinoMicum ge- uniuersis fuerit catholicis. Praefato equidem synodali con- mote ]>8et to understandenne mioolum ealle gedemdon ciliabulo hoc ad tendendum magnopere cuncti decreuerunt ut abbuda 1 abbutissena eyre mid cyncges gebeahte -\ mid rsede abbatum ac abbatissarum electio cum regis consensu et concilio haliges regules wsere gedon mid lare bisceopa eac eyre sanctae regulae ageretur documento. Episcoporum quoque electio eall-swa abbuda locahwar on setle bisoeoplioum monecas regullice uti abbatum ubicumque in sede episcopali monachi regulares drohtniab gif unnendre gyfe swylore beogincge bar conuersantur, si domini largiente gratia tanti profectus inibi munuc beon gemett mseg t>a sylfum gemete hit si gedon na otrum monachus repperiri potuerit eodem modo agatur nee alio aenigum gemete Jjsenne J>aere sylfan hi synt drohtnunge fram senigu quolibet modo dum eiusdem sunt conuersationis a quoquam si gebristlseht gif so>lice dysigdome gelettendum ot>)>e synnum praesumatur 3 . Si autem imperitia impedientiae uel peccatis geearnedum swyle be swa myceles hades wyrbseype wyrbe sig on promerentibus talis qui tanti gradus honore dignus sit in bsere sylfan geferrsedene beon gemet na mseg of otrum cubum eadem congregatione repperiri non potuerit, ex alio noto i MS. nichil. 2 Note difference in spelling. 3 praesumatur, the latter half of this word begins Pol. 5 a. — 34 — moneoa mynstre mid anraedum cinoges i gebro>ra i )>am beon monachorum monasterio concordi regis et fratrum quibus dedi- gehalgod he seal ge)>ealite si geooren se gehadud gewislice bisceop cari debet consilio eligatur. Qui ordinatus uidelicet episcopus on eallum i>iene sylfan J>eaw regulione mid muneoum hys )>sene in omnibus eundem morem regularem cum monachis suis quern se abbud hylt regulio mid geornfulre gemene -\ swy>ust mid abbas tenet regularis diligenti cura et magnopere excel- ormsetre ealneweg buton geswiouncge gehealde ne bisceop-hades lenti iugiter sine intermissione custodiat; nee episcopatus intingan regules beboda ofer-prut oJ>be ofer-gyttol >ristlice betwyx- occasione regulae praecepta tumidus uel obliuiosus temere inter- sende ao swa myoelum swa be ofer-stih> -j weorce weoruldlicra mittat, sed quantum excellat et opere. Secularium uero ealdor-soype ■£ na to mycelre hryre hyn>e ealswa bwilum gelamp prioratum ne ad magni ruinam detrimenti uti olim acciderat earmlioe become mid micelum embe-)>ance -\ mid amansumunge miserabiliter deueniret magna animaduersione atque anathemate beon onfangen mynstrum on halgum wislice forbeodende cinoges huru- suscipi coenobiis sacris sapienter prohibentes regis tantum- )>mga 7 cwene hlafordscype to haligre stowe munde 1 to cyriclicre modo ac reginae dominium ad sacri loci munimen, et ad aeccle- Eehte fultume mid willan symle gyrnan gewis- siasticae possessionis augmentum uoto semper efflagitare opta- cendlicum ealra-snoterlicust big heton to cyncges so>lice neode 7 bili prudentissime iusserunt. Ad regis uero obsequium et cwene fsederas mynstra T moddra swa oft framige 1 to reginae patres monasteriorum matresque quotiens expedient ad haliges myntres >am hi ofer-sint note mid godes ege T sacri coenobii cui praesunt utilitatem cum domini timore et regales gehealtsumnysse eadmodlice to-gan ricum na regulae obseruantiae humiliter accedant. Potentibus uero non for intangan to-gereordigenne ac for mynstres note -\ causa conuiuandi sed pro monasterii utilitate atque de- bewerunge swa oft fremige ongean-gangende wij>innan o»e wi)>utan fensione quotiens expedient obuiandi intra infraue monas- mynster leafe hi habban ridende soblice o)>>e feban fser terium licentiam habeant. Equitando autem uel pedites iter 1 framige, the commoner spelling is found four lines below. — 35 — donde na ydelum spellum hi gesemtigan ac obbe sealmsangum hig beawian agendo non otiosis fabulis uacent, sed uel psalmodiis inseruiant ffSiSe be binge nead-behaefum on alyfedum timan hi specan Mss Tiesce- uel de re necessaria opportuno tempore loquantur. Hoc con- awigende bset tida regollice na ridende ao of horsum siderantes ut boras regulares non equitando, sed de equis de- lihtende oneowigende buton daeg freols hit beo gedafenlioe swaswa filiendo genuflectentes nisi dies festiua fiierit conuenienter ut hi magon mid godcundre onbryrnysse hi gefyllan sibigende soblice potuerint cum diuina compunctione compleant. Iterantes uero na gunglingas ac gebugene bsera mynegunge hi beon gebeterude non iuuenculos J sed adultos quorum ammonitione meliorentur mid him on geferscype gelsedan set ham soblice wunigende na bset an secum in comitatu ducant. Domi uero degentes non solum gebrobru ao eao abbudas sam-gunge o&Se oildru mid eavmum fratres sed etiam abbates adolescentes uel puerulos non brachiis clyppende oftSe mid lippu leohtlice cyssende ao mid lufwendum modes amplexando uel labris leuiter deosculando, sed caritatiuo animi willan buton wordum hiwigendum arwyrblice mid mioelum waersoype affectu sine uerbis adulatores reuerenter cum magna cautela luflan ne to hyrsunnysse syndrige aenigne hyra ne diligant. Nee ad obsequium priuatum quempiam illorum nee hum under gastlices binges girnincge aenlypigne ut-laedan gebristlaaoean saltern sub spiritualis rei obtentu solum deducere praesumant, ac ealswa se regul byt under 2 hys hyrdes wseceean j" gymene syngallice sed uti regula praecipit sub sui custodis uigilantia iugiter ■wtmige ne se hyrde 3 mid syndrigum senigum cilde buton briddan maneat, nee ipse custos cum singulo aliquo puerulo sine tertio se gewitnyss set-stande to-farenne leafe hsebbe ac mid gewunan mid qui testis assistat migrandi licentiam habeat, sed solito cum ealre soole gif bing gesoeadlio swa gyrnb byder neod ys under tota scola si res rationabilis ita exigent quo necesse est sub swigean oWSe sealm-sangum on-beowigende mid bletsunge he fare tuna silentio uel psalmodiis inseruiendo cum benedictione eat. Uillarum soblioe embe-fser buton neod mioel to-genyde i ned-behefes autem circuitus nisi necessitas magna compulerit, et necessariae gerades to-dal bset diite f soifte worigende nates-hwon gelom-laeceon rationis discretio boc dictauerit, uagando nequaquam frequentent. 1 iuuenculos, first word of Fol. 5 b. 2 MS. unde. 3 MS. hyrdes. — 36 — woruld-manna soHice gebeorscypas buton fssrunga fseres lij>nys un- Secularium uero conuiuia ni forsan itineris bospitalitas in- myndlunga ofer-becume on nane wisan mid )>rystnysse dyrstigre Da opinate superuenerit, nullo modo ausu temerario nee l>a ealdras na ta under-beoddan geneosian gebrystlaecean bigleofan mid praelati nee subiecti adire praesumant. Victum cum gewihte gemete -] getele scrud fsesten for-haefednesse pondere mensura et numero uestitum ieiunium abstinentiam wseccean swigean hyrsumnesse god -j obre gehwylce ba uigiliam taciturnitatem obedientiae bonum et cetera quaeque quae mund-boran ures bses eadigan benedictes gesetednesse wyllice we on-fengon patroni nostri beati Benedicti traditione uoluntarie suscepimus drihtnes ures hselendes chres geunnendre gyfe mid eallii msegenum gehealdende domini nostri ihu chri annuente gratia totis uiribus custodientes be gewunelicum >ses haligan regules beawum sambe fra barn fore-ssedan de consuetis sanctae regulae moribus tarn a praedicto feeder benediote sarnie fram baligu sefter-fyligendu -) geefenlaecendum bys patre Benedicto, quam a Sanctis sequacibus et imitatoribus suis dselmselum mid bses mioelum domes to-sceade mid singalu gehealdab gewunan partim cum magna examinis discussione iugi custoditis usu fore-ssedan cynges myncgunge gegodude -\ yldrena heesum getrymede car- praedicti regis monitu freti ac patrum imperiis confisi solli- fuUice eallswa we be-heton on swa micelum swa mihta belpab i cite uti polliciti sumus in quantum uires suppetent, et gastes baliges gyfu on-tiht to lufwendre broborlicre annysse spiritus sancti gratia instinxerit ad caritatiuam fraternae unitatis gehealdsumnesse writende uton-onlyhton bset fram him eoes lifes custodiam scribendo dilucidemus ut 1 ab ipso aeternae uitae edlean ealle anrsedliee -] blibelice gehealdende remunerationem cuncti concorditer et gratulabunde conseruantes on-fon se be deb an-mode bset ys anes beawes eardian on huse recipiant qui facit unanimes, id est unius moris babitare in domo. bar ys cyning god godes ^ fsemnan sunu se mid fseder ~i halgu Ubi est rex deus dei et uirginis filius qui cum patre et spiritu gaste leofab ~s rixab god on worulda woruld sancto uiuit et regnat deus in saecula saeculorum, Amen. i ut, first word of Fol. 6 a. Oodex No. 265. Corp. Ohr. Coll. Cant. FoL 237, et seq. iELFRIC'S ABRIDGMENT. "Excerpta ex institutionibus monasticis Ethelwoldi Episcopi Wintoniensis compilata in usum fratrum Egneshamnensium per Aelfricum Abbatem." l (Fol. 237.) Aelfricus Abbas Egneshamriensibus Fratribus salutem in Christo. Ecce uideo uobiscum degens uos necesse habere quia nuper rogatu Aethelmaeri ad monachi- cum babitum ordinati estis instrui ad mores mona- chiles dictis aut scriptis; ideoqwe haec pauca de li- bro consuetudinuwi quem Sanctus Athelwoldus Uuintoni- ensis Episcopws cum Coepiscopis et Abbatibws tempore Eadgari felioissimi Regis Anglorwm undiqwe collegit ac mo- nachis instituit obseruandum scriptando de- monstro. Eo qwod bactenus praedictus libellus urae fraternitati incognitus habetur. Fateor me ualde timide idipsitm sumere, sed nee audeo omnia uobis intimare quae in Scola eiws degens multis annis de moribtts seu consuetudinibws didici; ne forte fastidientes districtionem tantae obseruantiae nee saltern uelitis audituw praebere narranti, tamew ne expertis tam salubris doctrinae remaneatis, aliqua quae Regula nostra now tangit huic cartulae insero uobis quae legenda committo, addens etiaw aliqua de libro Amalarii Presbiferi. Ualete ieliciter in Christo. Kalendis eniwi Octobris exceptis dominicis et festi- uis diebws primo diluculo prima canenda est, Ia hora cuwi septem psalmis et laetaniis; deinde uacent lec- tionibws usque quo signuwi tertie insonuerit. Cal- 3a hora 1 Table of Contents to Codex C.C.C.C. no. 265. — 38 — ceant se tunc et lauent et orationes faciant scola simul et seniores singillatim et spargant se l aqua benedicta. Pinita tertia, fiat prima missa, postea capitolum. Post sextam horam faciant missam 6a hora de die qua finita decantent nonam, nam de ceteris 9a ho7a Kegula Sancta, dicit: Omni die ter faciendae swnt orationes, tres in oratorio, tres in nocte, audito primo signo, tres ante primam, tota aestate et in hienie ante tertiam tres post completorium cum compunctione spiritali ac benedictione commewdantes se Domino et aspergentes se aqua sawctificata et lectulos eoium omni nocte. Pro Eege et pro benefactoribws omnibws horis duo psalmi canendi sunt cum dominica. oratione et precibws et oratione. Sta- tim nost nocturnam decantent: Domme ne in furore tuo, primum. Exaudiat te Dominws. Post matutinas: Beati quorum. Inclina Domine, coniunctim sub una collecta illius horae post pcimam: Domine ne in furore tuo .n. pro temptatione. Miserere mei Dews, pro defunctis iratribus post tertiam. Usque quo Domine. Miserere mei Dews, miserere mei. Post sextam: Deus misereatwr nosiri. Domine exaudi. 1. Post missam etiam, Exaudiat te Dominus. Ad te leuaui oculos meos, cum precibws tantum et oratione congrua. Post nonam, Qui regis isrl. De profundus. Post uesperam, Benedixisti Domine Domine exaudi .11. Coniunctim sub una oratione ipsius sinaxis . nost completorium, Deus in adiutorium meum intende. Leuaui oculos meos. Similiter sub una collecta. Dominicis uero diebws et festiuis semper nost primam, facto signo a priore, eant iratres ad capitolum. Quo expleto [et cet.] < se, first word of Pol. 238. --&■*- VITA.* The author, Edward Breck, son of the late Lieut. Com. J. B. Breck, U. S. N. and his wife Ellen, nee Newell, both of Mass., was born in San Francisco, July 31, 1861, and received his elementary education in the schools of Boston and Newton, and in Germany, whence he returned to America to prepare him- self more fully for a German university course, which he did first at Oberlin College, and afterwards at Amherst College. He en- tered the University of Leipsic in Oct. 1883, and excepting two absences each an half-year in duration, has since enjoyed uninter- ruptedly the advantages of this institution. The author has attended the lectures and practical classes of Profs. Drs. Wiilcker, Ebert, Paul, Settegast, and Dr. Korting, and begs leave to return to all these gentlemen, as well as to Prof. Dr. Heinze, the Rev. S. 8. Lewis of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Mr. P. J. Mackney of the British Museum, his grateful thanks for their advice and assistance. Especially to Prof. Dr. Wiilcker, however, the author desires to express his heartfelt gratitude for this gentleman's kindness, which the author feels has been too great ever to be requited. * Required to be appended by the statutes of the university. Cornell University Library arW9642 Fragment of AEIfric's translation of AEt 3 1924 031 426 038 olin.anx