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 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
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 YoMinG Y4ALLeY 
 
 IN 1892 
 
 By S. R. smith, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 
 
 THE SCRANTON RBPUBLICAN PRINT 
 1892 
 
 
t\lif7l^^ 
 
 
 i L C. 4S2 
 
f>Fo[egorqepa. 
 
 HAS scarcely a rival in scenery, mineral 
 wealth, and historical interest. Nature, weary 
 of repetition, created it to embody her high- 
 est conception of beauty and made it the 
 repository of unlimited wealth, and for iinrecorded ages was satis- 
 fied to gaze alone upon the loveliness of her own creation. It has 
 an unwritten history and a forgotten literature which can only 
 be guessed at by what we know of the past. 
 
 The valley as seen from the mountain top will never lose its 
 charm; but below the poetry is marred, the enchanting spell is 
 broken and the dreaming spirit broods no longer over this inland 
 Eden. 
 
 Of its past history we have only a few conflicting fragments, but 
 these fragments have made this spot famous and have awakened 
 the interest and sympathy of mankind. 
 
 Its future history will be found in the statistical reports of its 
 industries and the record of its material wealth. 
 
 Neither in a literal nor Pickwickian sense would we refer irrever- 
 ently to ancestor worship among us. Nor would we make mention 
 of John Barleycorn and our forefathers at the same time, or doubt 
 any of our traditions. 
 
4 PROLEGOMENA. 
 
 We have dispossessed tlie Indian of this "beautiful oasis in the 
 wilderness" and have refused to recognize his manhood; and be- 
 cause, he, forsooth, poor worm, turned upon the "Forty Thieves," 
 we call him a blood-thirsty savage and concede to him no more 
 rights than to the wild beast, and deny him the God-given right 
 of self-protection; but even our partial history discloses that the 
 hand that murdered and applied the torch was oftener white than 
 red. 
 
 The Indian of this region was an admirable specimen of a noble 
 race of men, whose intelligence, temperance and manliness com- 
 mand our admiration and are worthy of our imitation. We call 
 him pidluresque, stoical and unique, but he was also a- philosopher, 
 a poet, and one who worshiped God and lived in harmony with 
 nature. His real character stands revealed in the matchless mu- 
 sical poetry of the names he gave to the mountains, streams and 
 plains of this valley, and which will be his glory and his only 
 monument. 
 
 Our future greatness is the dream of the present day, but even 
 a fair apprehension of the reality is beyond the highest prophetic 
 instindl of this generation. Our increasing prosperity, our inex- 
 haustible resources and our natural advantages promise that the 
 Wyoming Valley is yet destined to contain the largest inland city 
 of the East. 
 
 We believe that in this compilation we have planted immor- 
 telles and forget-me-nots upon the graves of the dead, and have 
 made a record of the present that the future will read with 
 interest. 
 
 S. R. Smith. 
 
 Kingston, Pa., March, 1892. 
 
f\ Brief }^i5l:ory of U/yomi9(§ Ualley 
 
 BY FREDERIC CORSS. 
 
 Land Tenure. 
 
 AMONG our Indian predecessors the condition of 
 land-holding appears to have been the ability to 
 hold it. This law has prevailed among primitive 
 people during historic time. Thus the career of 
 the men of Jericho came to a sudden end and thus 
 the Moabites perished miserably. The Kelts 
 drove the Euskarians into the Cymric mountains, 
 the Saxons dispossessed the earlier Kelts, and Wil- 
 liam the Norman divided their land into some 
 sixty thousand Knights' Fees (1066). This may 
 be a cruel law, but it is a law of nature — a struggle for existence 
 and the survival of the fittest. In terms of the same denomination, 
 the Connedlicut settlers held against the Pennamites. In advanc- 
 ing civilization the struggle is for governmental control without 
 dispossessing the occupants. Thus Rome lost universal sway and 
 England lost France and American colonies. Thus the Caucasians 
 have ousted earlier Americans. 
 
6 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 Indian Tenants. 
 
 \ A /E do not know who were the first Indian occupants of the 
 valley. The Delawares claimed that they had dispossessed 
 the Aquanuschioni, who had themselves wrested the territory from 
 the Susquehannocks, but the military mounds mentioned by Stone 
 in proof of 1:he high power of those earlier tribes, are natural mounds 
 or kames formed during the flooded river epoch. 
 
 The Delawares or Lenni-Lenape were an agricultural tribe 
 indisposed to war, and had been despoiled of their part of their 
 communal farm by the federated tribes of the Iroquois. Thus the 
 white incursion found the valley nominally owned by the Mohawks, 
 Senecas, Onondagoes, Oneidas and Cayugas, who were joined by 
 the Tuscaroras in 1712, forming the Six Nations. 
 
 White Tenants. 
 
 TN Governor Hoyt's Syllabus we read: "In 1768, at Hartford, 
 the Susquehanna Company resolved that five townships, five 
 miles squares, should be surveyed and granted, each to forty settlers, 
 being proprietors, on condition that those settlers should remain 
 upon the ground; man their rights; and defend themselves, and 
 each other from the intrusion of all rival claimants. Five town- 
 ships were assigned to these first adventurers: Wilkes-Barre, Han- 
 over, Kingston, Plymouth and Pittston. Kingston, the first town- 
 ship occupied, was allotted to "forty" settlers. The lands were 
 divided into rights of four hundred acres each, reserving and appor- 
 tioning three whole rights, or shares, in each township for the public 
 use of a gospel ministry and schools in each of said towns. A stock- 
 ade was erected on the river bank in Kingston, called "Forty Fort." 
 But the colonists of the Susquehanna Company were not the first 
 upon the ground. 'The Penns had leased to Stewart, Ogden and Jen- 
 nings, one hundred acres for seven j^ears on condition of defending the 
 lands against the Connedlicut claimants. They arrived upon the 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^IvEY. 7 
 
 ground in January, 1769, and occupied tlie block-house and huts 
 at Mill Creek which had been left by the massacred settlers of 
 1763.'" Let us briefly examine each of these rival claims: 
 
 CoNNECTicar Title. 
 
 A - /ILKES-BARRE is situated in latitude north 41° 14' 40.4", 
 and east longitude from Washington 1° 10' 46". 
 
 1. The English claimed by right of discovery all the land from 
 latitude 34° to 48°, from the Atlantic Coast to the South Sea 
 (Pacific). 
 
 2. King James I issued a patent to the Council of Plymouth, 
 November 3, 1620, for all the land from 40° to 48° across the 
 continent. 
 
 3. The President of the Plymouth Council, March 19, 1631, 
 deeded to Lord Say and Seal et al., land from the Narragansett 
 river to the southwest forty leagues to keep the breadth to the South 
 Sea. This deed conferred right to soil but not powers of govern- 
 ment Lord Say and Seal et al. appointed John Winthrop their 
 agent. 
 
 4. John Winthrop and others were granted a Charter as the 
 Connedlicut Colony by Charles II, April 20, 1662, confirming the 
 deed of March 19, 163 1, and conferring the right to govern, which 
 the Plymouth Colony had resigned in 1635. 
 
 5. In 1753, about six hundred of the inhabitants of the Colony 
 of Connedlicut voluntarily associated themselves under the name 
 of the Susquehanna Company, for the purpose of planting a colony 
 within the bounds of the mother colony. 
 
 6. The Susquehanna Company to perfect their title, bought of 
 certain chiefs of the Five Nations (sic) for ten thousand dollars 
 lands including the valley, July 11, 1754. 
 
8 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 Pennsylvania Title. 
 
 PIRST. Cliarles II granted a Charter to William Perm, March 
 4, 1681, for lands bounded east by the Delaware river from 
 twelve miles north of New Castle to north latitude 43°, thence 
 westward 5° of longitude. 
 
 2. Twenty-three chiefs of the Six Nations, Odlober 11, 1736, 
 deeded to the Penns lands on both sides of the River Susquehanna, 
 &c., &c. This deed was supplemented by explanatory deeds, &c., 
 on Odlober 25, 1736; July 6, 1754; July 9, 1754, and November 
 5, 1765- 
 
 riR5T FENNAniTE WAR. 
 
 TT thus appears that the Connedlicut settlers derived their title 
 from Charles II by Charter dated 1662, and the Peunamites 
 their title from the same monarch in 1681. The Indian deed to 
 the Penns was dated 1736, and to the Yankees 1754. 
 
 Here begins the First Pennamite War. Ogden, Jennings and 
 Stewart, in January, 1769, occupied the land leased from the Penns. 
 In the following month the first party of Yankees came upon the 
 ground and proceeded to besiege the Pennamite block-house at 
 Mill Creek. Three of their number entered the fort for a confer- 
 ence, when they were arrested in the name of Pennsylvania and 
 carried to jail at Easton. They were released on bail and returned 
 to their comrades, when Ogden with a Northampton county posse 
 came upon the field, captured their fort and carried them all to 
 Easton. They were released on bail and all came back. 
 
 In April they were joined by two hundred more Connedlicut 
 settlers, and proceeded to eredl Fort Durkee on the river bank at 
 the foot of South street. The town had been laid out by Major 
 Durkee, and named after two members of Parliament — Wilkes 
 and Barre. 
 
THE WYOMING VALIyEY. 9- 
 
 The same Ogden with his posse, fortified by a four potmd cannon,, 
 captured Fort Durkee and drove off the Yankees in September, 
 remaining in possession until the next assault. 
 
 In February, 1770, Captain Stewart arrived with a company from 
 Hanover, Lancaster county, and captiired the fort and garrison 
 left by Ogden, who forthwith came on from Philadelphia with fifty 
 men and gained possession of the Mill Creek block-house. In a 
 subsequent "engagement" the Connedlicut people lost one man 
 killed, the first fatal casualty in the war. Stewart was finally suc- 
 cessful and forced Ogden to retire in April. "However, with a new 
 force Ogden appeared in September, and, by stratagem, most of the 
 inhabitants being in their fields without arms, once more captured 
 the fort, dispersed the settlers and destroyed their crops. For the 
 fourth time he retired to Philadelphia in the full belief that the 
 contest was at an' end. On the i8th of December, Captain Lazarus 
 Stewart with, thirty men again swooped down upon Ogden's gar- 
 rison, and the year closed with, the valley in possession of the 
 Yankees." 
 
 In 1771 hostilities were renewed by Ogden, who "abandoned bis 
 fortress of Mill Creek and defiantly erected a new one, Fort Wyo- 
 ming, within sixty rods of his adversary." Ogden demanded of 
 Captain Stewart the surrender of Fort Durkee, which was refused, 
 when be made an assault, in which several were killed, but failed; 
 and being in turn besieged, escaped himself by a stratagem and 
 his garrison surrendered in April, 1771. 
 
 "On July 3-7, 1772, Colonel Plunkett, of Northumberland county, 
 under orders of the Government, destroyed the settlements of 
 Charleston and Judea (Milton), on the West Branch, which had 
 been made under the auspices of the Susquehanna Company, in 
 which affair several lives were lost. With about five hundred 
 armed men, in December, 1775, Colonel Plunkett, with bis train 
 of boats and stores of ammunition, moved up the North Branch to 
 drive off the Connedlicut settlers from the Wyoming country. 
 
lo A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 About three hundred of these settlers met him at Nanticoke, and 
 repulsed him with some loss of life on both sides; and thus ended 
 the First Pennamite War. 
 
 The Decree of Trenton. 
 
 •^"^HE Connedlicut people had thus shown that they were de 
 facto owners of the valley. The National Congress (the 
 United States came later), existing under the articles of confedera- 
 tion, now interposed with a resolution that the "contending parties 
 immediately cease all hostilities, and avoid any appearance of force 
 until the dispute can be legally settled." Many of the settlers 
 entered the Revolutionary army, many were slain in the massacre 
 of 1778, and a remnant remained in peaceable possession for several 
 years. On August 28, 1782, upon petition of Pennsylvania, Con- 
 gress, overruling the objection of Connecticut, who wished for delay, 
 appointed Commissioners "to constitute a Court for hearing and 
 determining the matter in question, to meet at Trenton, in the State 
 of New Jersey, on Tuesday, the 12th day of November next, to 
 hear and finally determine the controversy between the State of 
 Pennsylvania and the State of Connecticut, so always as a major part 
 of said Commissioners, who shall hear the cause, shall agree in the 
 determination." 
 
 The decree of the Court was pronounced on December 30, 1782, as 
 follows: "We are unanimously of the opinion that the State of 
 Connecticut has no right to the lands in controversy. 
 
 "We are also unanimously of the opinion that 'Oa^ jurisdiction and 
 pre-emption of all the territory lying within the charter boundary of 
 Pennsylvania, and now claimed by the State of Connecticut, do of 
 right belong to the State of Pennsylvania." 
 
 This decree had reference only to the governmental jurisdiction of 
 the States concerned, and was not held to affect the private owner- 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. ii 
 
 ship of the soil. The Commissioners privately stated that the right 
 of soil, as derived from Connecticut, should be held sacred. 
 
 The Jecond Pennamite War. 
 
 -'I'^HB authorities of Pennsylvania proceeded to act upon the theory 
 that the Connecticut people had no right to the soil. "Of the 
 Yankee settlers there were probably six thousand. These were scat- 
 tered mainl}' in seventeen townships in the county of Luzerne, then 
 including the territory of Wyoming, Susquehanna, and Bradford. 
 These townships were five miles square, and extended in blocks from 
 Berwick to Tioga Point, embracing the bottom lands along the river, 
 Providence, the present site of Scranton, being on the Lackawanna. 
 These townships were Huntington, Salem, Plymouth, Kingston, 
 Newport, Hanover, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Providence, Exeter, Bed- 
 ford, Northmoreland, Putnam, Braintrim, Springfield, Claverack, 
 and Ulster." 
 
 Upon petition of these people for redress of grievances, the Assem- 
 bly of Pennsylvania resolved that Commissioners be appointed to 
 make inquiries and report to the House. Pending their action the 
 Assembly passed the Adl of March 13, 1783, staying all writs and 
 processes to dispossess the inhabitants until the end of the following 
 session. Meanwhile the Commissioners arrived and proceeded to 
 make it interesting for the settlers. They proposed to lease to them 
 the lands for one year and no more, but to allow the war widows an 
 additional year after the first of April, 1784. The report of the 
 Commissioners to the Assembly in August, 1783, was in effect the 
 same as the proposal to the settlers, and received the ratification of 
 the Assembly, with a shadowy offer of compensation for lands surren- 
 dered in land in Western Pennsylvania. 
 
 The consequence was the era of Captain Patterson. He had been 
 the chairman of a committee of Pennsylvania land holders, and was 
 now a Justice of the Peace. He changed the name of Wilkes-Barre 
 
12 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 to Londonderry. For protection against the rudeness and licentious- 
 ness of the soldiers, he arrested Colonel Zebulon Butler, then just 
 returned from service in the Revolutionary Army. Him he sent to 
 Sunbury, charged with high treason. In Plymouth he arrested 
 many respectable citizens, feeble old men, whose sons had fallen in 
 the massacre. Prince Alden, Captain Bidlack, Benjamin Harvey, 
 Samuel Ransom, Captain Bates, and others greatly beloved by their 
 neighbors. They were kept in loathsome prisons, starved, and in- 
 sulted. They were disposssessed, and Patterson's tenants put into 
 their places. Having been petitioned by the people, the Assembly 
 sent a committee of investigation, who reported that the wrongs of the 
 people were intolerable. But the Assembly failed to remove the 
 obnoxious 'Captain. 
 
 "The inhabitants finding, at length, that the burden of their calamities was 
 too great to be borne, began to resist the illegal proceedings of their new masters, 
 and refused to comply with the decisions of the mock tribunals which had been 
 established. Their resistance enraged the magistrates, and on the 12th of May, 
 the soldiers of the garrison were sent to disarm them, and, under this pretense,, 
 one hundred and fifty families were turned out of their dwellings, many of which 
 were burned ; and all ages and sexes reduced to the same destitute condition. 
 After being plundered of their little remaining property, they were driven from 
 the valley, and compelled to proceed on foot through the wilderness by way of the 
 I,ackawaxen to the Delaware, a distance of eighty miles. During the journey 
 the unhappy fugitives suffered all the miseries which human nature seemed 
 capable of enduring. Old men, whose children were slain in battle, widows 
 with their infant children, and children without parents to protect theni, were 
 here companions in exile and sorrow, and wandering in a wilderness where 
 famine and ravenous beasts continued daily to lessen the number of suiferers. " 
 
 Patterson himself said : "The settlements upon the river have suffered much 
 by an inundation of ice, which has swept away the greatest part of the grain 
 and stock of all kinds, so that the inhabitants are generally very poor. Upon my 
 arrival at this place (Wyoming), the 15th instant, (April, 1784,) I found the 
 people for the most part disposed to give up their pretensions to the land claimed 
 under Connecticut. Having a pretty general agency from the landholders of 
 Pennsylvania, I have availed tny self of this period a.n& have possessed, in behalf of 
 my constituents, the chief part of all the lands occupied by the a1)ove claimants, 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.LEY. 13 
 
 numbers of them going up the river to settle, and filling up their vacancy with 
 ■well disposed Pennsylvanians, * * * * yet I am not out of 
 
 apprehension of trouble and danger arising from the ringleaders of the old 
 •offenders," &c. 
 
 Wherever news of this outrage reached, indignation was aroused, and nowhere 
 more generously than in Pennsylvania. The troops were ordered to be dis- 
 missed. Sheriff Antis, of Northumberland county, which then included Wyo- 
 ming, went to restore order. Messengers, were dispatched to recall the fugitives. 
 But they found Justice Patterson still flaming with wrath, and went into garrison 
 near Forty Fort. Two young men, Elisha Garrett and Chester Pierce, having 
 been slain by Patterson's men while proceeding to gather crops, the settlers 
 rallied for serious hostilities. John Franklin organized what effective men he 
 •could find. He swept down the west side of the Susquehanna and up the east 
 side,, dispossessing every Pennsylvania family he found. He attacked the fort 
 to which they fled, was repulsed with the loss of several lives on each side, and 
 retui'ned to the Kingston fort. Civil war now openly prevailed. (Forty of the 
 Pennsylvania party were indicted at Sunbury, and subsequenly convicted for 
 their participation in expelling the inhabitants.) Other magistrates, Hewitt, 
 Mead and Martin, had been sent to open negotiations. They demanded a sur- 
 render of arms from both sides. In their report to the President and members 
 of the Supreme Council, under date of August 6, 1784, they say : "In obedi- 
 ence to the instructions of Council of the 24th of July, we repaired to this place, 
 {Wyoming,) and found the Pennsylvania and Connecticut parties in actual 
 hostilities, and yesterday made a demand of the Connecticut partj' for a surren- 
 der of their arms, and submission to the laws of the State, which they complied 
 with. We also made a demand of the same nature of the party in the garrison, 
 but have received no direct, but an evasive answer. * * * * As 
 to the pretended titles of the Conecticut party we have nothing to fear, and are 
 ■convinced that had it not been through the cruel and irregular conduct of our people, 
 the peace might have been established long since, and the dignity of the government 
 supported. ' ' 
 
 Again, under date of August 7th : ' ' We have dispersed the Connecticut 
 people, but our own people we cannot. ' ' 
 
 The "party in the garrison" consisted of Patterson and such troops as had 
 ■enlisted under him in the interest of the Landholders, without any warrant of 
 law. When Patterson refused to surrender, the Connecticut people were per- 
 mitted to resume their arms. At this stage. Colonels Armstrong and Boyd 
 appeared with a force of four hundred militia from Northampton county. By a 
 piece of the most absolute treachery he (Armstrong) procured the surrender of 
 
14 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 the Yankees, and marched them, sixty-six in all, bound with cords, and under 
 circumstances of great cruelty, to jail at Easton and Sunbury. The conquest 
 was complete. "The only difficulty that remained was how to get rid of the 
 wives and children of those in jail, and of the widows and orphans whose hus- 
 bands and fathers slept beneath the sod." 
 
 Colonel Armstrong was now confronted, to his surprise, by the censure of the 
 State authorities. The "council of censors" looked into the case, and took 
 action. Frederick A. Muhlenberg was President. This body had just been 
 chosen under the Constitution of 1776, and it was their duty " to inquire whether 
 the Constitution has been preserved inviolate in every part, and whether the 
 legislative and exectitive branches of the government have performed their duty 
 as guardians of the people, or assumed to themselves, or exercised other or 
 greater powers than they are entitled to under the Constitution." 
 
 In September, 1784, they delivered a solemn denunciation of the measures 
 pursued against the Wyoming settlers. 
 
 The Executive Council paid no heed to the censure nor to the advice of Presi- 
 dent Dickinson. A fresh levy of troops was ordered. The militia of Bucks, 
 Berks and Northampton refused to march. Armstrong hastened to Wyoming 
 with less than a hundred men in October. He promptly attacked the settlers in 
 their fort, at Kingston, without success. William Jackson, a Yankee, had been 
 wounded. Captain John Franklin seized Jackson's rifle, bloody from his 
 wound, and swore a solemn oath " that he would never lay down his arms until 
 death should arrest his hand, or Patterson and Armstrong be expelled from 
 Wyoming, and the people restored to their rights of possession, and a legal trial 
 guaranteed to every citizen by the Constitution, by justice, and by law." 
 
 General Armstrong went on to dispossess the families who had returned to 
 their farms. All these proceedings led up to the passage of the Act of Assembly 
 of September 15, 1784, entitled ' 'An Act for the more speedy restoring the posses- 
 sion of certain messuages, lands, and tenements in Northumberland county, to 
 the persons who held the same," under which the settlers were once more led 
 into some assurance. 
 
 Armstrong and Patterson were recalled. "Thus ended the last expedition 
 fitted out by the government of Pennsylvania to operate against her own peace- 
 ful citizens," and "the Second Pennamite War." 
 
 The Contejt in the CoaRT5 and Lecjulatgre. 
 
 -T^HE Connecticut settlers had became distrustful of all Pennsyl- 
 vania measures. Commissioners appointed by the Susquehanna 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 15 
 
 Company attempted the expedient of seceding from the State and 
 forming a new body politic out of the townships claimed by the Sus- 
 quehanna Company. "General Ethan Allen was in the scheme, and 
 actually appeared at Wyoming in regimentals and cocked hat with 
 the Green Mountain boys fresh from their victories over New York 
 in reserve. They issued "half-share" rights in great numbers, and 
 new faces, strangers to the old settlers, began swarming into the val- 
 ley. So the old settlers were confronted with a new danger, which 
 finally led to the passage of the Confirming Act of March 27, 1787, 
 namely: ''''An Act for ascertaining and confirming to certain persons 
 called Connecticut claimants the lands by them claimed in the county of 
 Luzerne?'' It included a scheme for "granting a just compensation 
 to the Pennsylvania claimants." 
 
 This was suspended in 1778, March 29, and was finally repealed 
 April I, 1790. While this act was in force occurred the Ethan Allen 
 episode, which ended in the arrest of John Franklin for treason. At 
 last, on April 4, 1799, the Legislature passed an act which virtually 
 established the Yankee titles, granting certificates under certain 
 restrictions. 
 
 The foregoing account has been compiled from "Brief of Title in 
 the Seventeen Townships," by Governor Henry M. Hoyt. The his- 
 tory illustrates the primitive system of holding land vi et armis^ 
 followed by the legal struggles indicating an increasing regard for 
 law and its restraints. The principle finally prevailed that in a 
 newly occupied region the first actual settlers and improvers of the 
 soil have a right to its possession. 
 
 Indian Majjaqre5. 
 
 -<^HE First Massacre of whites by Indians in the valley oc- 
 curred in 1763. In the previous year a number of proprietors 
 had made a clearing near the Susquehanna at Mill Creek. On the 
 approach of winter they left their farming implements in the woods 
 
1 6 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 and returned to their homes. The next year, to the number of two 
 hundred, they established themselves on the Wilkes-Barre flats. 
 "They sowed crops and intended to make a permanent settlement, but 
 were totally exterminated by the Indians in October. The Paxtang 
 Rangers sent by Pennsylvania for their protection, reached the scene 
 two days after the massacre, and buried the dead. 
 
 The Wyoming Massacre took place on the third of July, 
 1778. We have seen that active warlike hostilities had ceased 
 with the defeat of Colonel Plunkett at Nanticoke. Under peace- 
 ful cultivation the virgin soil manifested its amazing fertility, and 
 the people proceeded to bring civil order into action. They estab- 
 lished courts, levied taxes, provided a military order and forts — in 
 short, set up a purely democratic and semi-independent body politic. 
 In Odlober, 1773, the Provincial Assembly of Connecticut resolved 
 to assert and support their claim to the part of their province west 
 ■of New York. For this purpose they sent commissioners to Phila- 
 delphia in December to effect a settlement with Pennsylvania. They 
 failed in their mission. In January, 1774, the town of Westmoreland 
 was formed and attached to Litchfield county in Connecticut. This 
 town extended from the Delaware river to a line fifteen miles west 
 ■of the Susquehanna. "In 1775 the number of inhabitants at Wyo- 
 ming was something more than three thousand," according to 
 Governor Hoyt's estimate. Westmoreland township became a sepa- 
 rate county, having the same name in 1776, November. Having 
 secured civil government the people provided for the common 
 defense. " Mrs. Bethiah Jenkins, wife of Lieutenant John Jenkins, 
 says the women took up their floors, dug out the earth, put it in 
 casks and ran water through it, as ashes are leached. They then 
 took ashes in another cask, and made lye, mixed the water from the 
 earth with the lye, boiled it, set it out to cool, and the saltpetre rose 
 to the surface. Charcoal and sulphur were then pounded and mixed 
 with the saltpetre and powder was thus produced for the public 
 defense." {Miner, p. 212.) 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^IvEY. 17 
 
 Some of the younger men had gone to Boston and joined the 
 Colonial forces, and had fallen at the battle of Bunker Hill. Some 
 families had returned to Connecticut. Colonel Wisner, of Orange 
 county, New York, had visited the valley and obtained twenty or 
 thirty recruits for the army of the Colonies. At a town meeting held 
 at Wilkes-Barre, August 24, 1776, Colonel Zebulon Butler, modera- 
 tor for ye work of ye day, it was voted "that this meeting do recom- 
 mend to ye people to proceed forthwith to erect forts for the common 
 defense, without either .fee or reward from ye town." This they did, 
 erecting Jenkins's Fort in Bxeter township, (near Pittston); Winter- 
 mute Fort, about a mile below, and Forty Fort, on the river bank, 
 near the present ferry. The block-house at Mill Creek was called 
 Wilkes-Barre Fort ; the one at the foot of South street was called 
 Wyoming Fort, and the Stewart block-house stood on the river bank 
 three miles below Wilkes-Barre, being in Hanover township. There 
 was also a stockade at Pittston, opposite Jenkins's Fort. 
 
 Under authority of Congress, two companies were organized in 
 the town of Westmoreland, and "stationed in proper places for the 
 defense of the inhabitants," August, 1776. On the retreat of Wash- 
 ington with his army through New Jersey, these companies were 
 ordered to join Washington. Thus a large part of the local fighting 
 force was absent from the valley when the time of peril drew near. 
 Stimulated by the policy of General Burgoyne, the Indians became 
 more troublesome in the northern part of the State, and it was 
 learned that many Tories in those regions were in communication 
 with Indian scouts. Several whites were captured by these men, 
 and taken prisoners to Niagara. "It was known early in the Spring 
 ■of 1778 that a large force was collecting at Niagara for the purpose 
 of laying waste the frontiers of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and New 
 York. Early in May these forces started out on the work of de- 
 struction in different bands, with the purpose of concentrating at 
 Wyoming. Brandt led a force of three hundred and fifty Indians, 
 who fought the battle of Cobbleskill on June ist. From there 
 Brandt led them to Tioga, where he joined the main body of troops 
 
1 8 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 marcliing to Wyoming (Jenkins). One body was sent to lay waste 
 the settlements on tlie West Brancli. Meanwhile scouting parties 
 were sent up the river from the forts in the valley, who found many 
 parties of Indians roving along the river banks. These bands, 
 united with about two hundred Tories and two hundred British Pro- 
 vincials, descended the Susquehanna in boats to the mouth'of Bow- 
 man's creek, where they awaited the coming of the West Branch 
 division. The united forces, numbering about eleven hundred, then 
 advanced to Keeler's Eddy, thence overland to Sutton's creek. On 
 the morning of July 2 they reached the valley and were admitted 
 to Wintermute Fort by Tory treachery, which became their head- 
 quarters. Forty Fort was speedily occupied by the settlers on the 
 west side of the river. The Hanover and Wilkes-Barre companies 
 were in their own stockades. On the morning of July 3 the com- 
 mander of the invaders. Major (Colonel) John Butler, sent a flag to 
 ' Forty Fort demanding its surrender, which was refused. A messen- 
 ger was sent to Colonel Zebulon Butler at Wilkes-Barre to hasten to 
 their support, and he responded promptly. Flags sent to the enemy 
 to negotiate were fired upon, and the bearers returned. It was then 
 decided to go out, and, if possible, defeat the enemy in the field. 
 About four hundred accordingly marched out at three o'clock in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 This decision was reached after a warm argument in which Colonel 
 Denison, who chanced to be present, urged the necessity of caution 
 and prudence in the face of an enemy of unknown strength. This 
 opinion seems to have been shared by Colonel Z. Butler, but was 
 overruled by the more hasty and fiery element among the men, 
 especially as they were supported by the advice of Captain Lazarus 
 Stewart. They feared a long siege with insufficient provisions and 
 with the uncertainty which existed as to the arrival of reinforce- 
 ments, especially the companies of Franklin and Spaulding. Captain 
 Stewart having charged Colonel Butler with cowardice, was placed 
 under arrest, but was discharged when the decision to go forth was 
 
THE WYOMING VALI.EY. 19 
 
 reached, and was elected Captain of the Hanover company upon the 
 resignation of Captain McKarrachan. 
 
 Plan or the Invaders. 
 
 '■'■ Cl S IT became evident to the British commander that the 
 V Americans intended to bring on a general engagement, he 
 speedil}' formed his men in line of battle; his left on the edge of a 
 steep bank near the river at Fort Wintermute, which for some 
 reason had been fired; the line extended across the more elevated 
 ground; the right centre being occupied by Johnson's Royal Greens; 
 a body of Indian sharp shooters occupied the centre of the line; 
 the main body of the Indians was placed on the extreme right, 
 extending to an alder swamp, through which the Lackawanna and 
 Bloomsburg railroad now passes. Colonel John Butler was in com- 
 mand of the left wing in person. It has been asserted by some 
 historians that the Indians were commanded by Thayendenaga, a 
 distinguished Mohawk chief, known to the white people as Captain 
 Brandt. It is also denied on equally good authority that Brandt 
 was with the Wyoming expedition at all, Certain it is that it was 
 the universal opinion of the people of the valley at that time, and 
 long after the battle, that he was the moving spirit among the 
 Indians." 
 
 ■ The bEFENbEKS. 
 
 ^'' Face to Face with Thrice their Number. — Such was the enemy's 
 order of battle at 2 P. M. as the Americans approached his line. 
 Colonel Zebulon Butler had sent Captains Ransom and Durkee for- 
 ward to fix upon a place for forming h.is line of attack. These 
 experienced officers approached as near the enemy's line as they 
 deemed prudent, and upon the coming up of the column, the compa- 
 nies were directed to deploy right and left, forming in line of battle 
 
20 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 as they took the places assigned them; the right resting on the 
 steep bank fronting the enemy's left, and extending like his, across 
 the gravelly flat about a quarter to half a mile to the morass or 
 swamp bounding it in that direction. The plain intervening between 
 the two armies, thus standing face to face in hostile attitude, was 
 thinly covered with scrub-oak underbrush and yellow and pitch pine 
 trees of stunted growth. Captain Bidlack occupied the extreme 
 right; Captain Hewitt the right centre; on the extreme left was 
 Captain Whittlesey with the Plymouth company. Captain Stewart 
 occupied the left centre, while Captains Geer and Buck of Wilkes- 
 Barre and Kingston held the centre of the line. Colonel Butler, 
 supported by Major John Garrett, commanded the right wing; Col- 
 onel Nathan Denison, supported by Lieutenant-Colonel George 
 Dorrance, was on the left; Captains Durkee and Ransom, as military 
 advisers, were stationed, the first on the right as aid to Captain. Bid- 
 lack, the latter on the left to assist Captain Whittlesey; Anderson 
 Dana was adling Adjutant. No artillery was used on either side, 
 and but few of the officers were mounted. As Colonel Butler rode 
 along to hastily inspedl the line, he addressed to each company -a few 
 words of encouragement, exhorting the men to stand firm, as all 
 depended upon resisting the first shock. 'Stand firm,' said he, 'and 
 the Indians will soon give way.' " 
 
 The Battle. 
 
 " The Battle Opens. — It was about 4 o'clock when the order to 
 advance to the attack was given. The men having been told ofi" 
 into odds and evens, were ordered to advance alternately by numbers, 
 five steps, then halt and deliver fire ; while the then rear file would 
 again advance and fire in their turn. For a while the firing was 
 rapid and steady along the American line, and was returned in an 
 equally spirited manner. The enemy's left being hard pressed by 
 Captain Hewitt's Provincials on our right, began tc recoil, and a 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.I.EY. 21 
 
 shout ran along the line that the British were being driven back. 
 At this critical moment, the greatly superior number of the enemy- 
 enabled the Indians on our right to out-flank the Americans at that 
 end of the line, and while Captain Whittlesey was hotly engaged in 
 front, a large number of the Indians had penetrated the swamp and 
 were emerging from the thicket some distance in his rear. Seeing 
 this movement Colonel Denison ordered Whittlesey's command to 
 change front and form a line facing the enemy in that dire6lion. 
 
 "A Fatal Mistake. — The battle had now raged for over half an 
 hour and was becoming hot and furious. The savages rushed in 
 with fearful yells; still our men stood firm, returning shot for shot 
 without thought of giving way before the furious onslaught, but 
 when the order was given by Captain Whittlesey for his command 
 to wheel backward from the left with a view of forming a right angle 
 with the original line, the order was understood by the men to be to 
 retreat, and they at once became demoralized and broke and fled in 
 the wildest confusion. It was in vain that Colonel Butler strove to 
 rally his men by recklessly exposing his own life as he passed along 
 the line between the two fires; but it was too late; a panic had 
 seized upon these raw militia which the assuring words of no Gen- 
 eral could allay, and they broke and fled as the yelling savages 
 doubled up our lines by their onward rush from the left flank. The 
 right stood its ground with desperate heroism. One of Captain 
 Hewitt's ofiicers said ,to him, 'we are beaten, the Indians have 
 gained our rear, shall we retreat?' 'No! I'll be d — d if I do while a 
 man stands by me!' was the heroic reply; and he died at his post 
 pierced by a shot from the British Rangers. Thus ended the battle 
 of Wyoming, but not the massacre. 
 
 "A portion of the Indians who had thus flanked the American 
 left, did not stop to give the finishing blow to this doomed band of 
 patriots, but pushed forward to the rear of the defeated army, to cut 
 off its retreat to Forty Fort, thus completely hemming in those who 
 sought to save themselves by flight, the river forming one side of 
 the enclosure. Being thus surrounded on all sides, consternation 
 
22 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 reigning supreme, with men running hither and thither impelled by 
 a sudden fear, the slaughter went on while a man was left within 
 the fatal enclosure. Some were taken prisoners by the Greens and 
 Rangers of Colonel John Butler, but these were subsequently mas- 
 sacred in the most cruel and revolting manner by the Indians on the 
 night of that dreadful day. Seventeen were slaughtered by that 
 semi-savage Hecate, Queen Bsther, on a flat rock a short distance 
 above the battle ground. Groups of other dead bodies were found 
 in the vicinity, showing that they had been murdered in the most 
 shocking manner after they had been taken prisoners. Of all the 
 prisoners taken on the field, it is not known that half a dozen 
 escaped being barbarously murdered by the infuriated Indians; a 
 few evaded the vigilance of their captors, and succeeded in making 
 their escape while being carried into captivity. Some swam the 
 river and fled to Wilkes-Barre, while a few passed the cordon of 
 Indians in the rear of the battle ground and reached Forty Fort 
 unhurt, though hard pressed by the pursuing savages to its very 
 gates. 
 
 " The Death Roll. — Not less than two hundred of the Connecticut 
 people were slain on that day and night of terror, including Lieut- 
 enant-Colonel Dorrance, killed in the retreat; Major Garrett; Ad- 
 jutant Dana; the six adling Captains; three volunteer Captains 
 without commands ; • also ten Lieutenants and five non-commissioned 
 ofiicers. As some palliation for this fearful death roll, be it said 
 with honest sincerity, that it is not known that any women or chil- 
 dren were murdered during the bloody contest of that day, or during 
 the stay of the enemy in the valley, with the approbation or consent 
 of the British commander, though a few murders may have been 
 committed afterwards in direct violation of his positive orders, by ' 
 the uncontrollable Tories and savages, a6tiug as allies. 
 
 "As Colonel Zebulon Butler was a commissioned ofiicer in the 
 Continental army, and not willing to run the risk of being taken 
 prisoner and carried into captivity, if no worse fate should be in 
 store for him, it was judged prudent for him to retire from the 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^IvEY. 23 
 
 valley before a surrender of the forces sliould take place; therefore 
 the task of arrangitig for the surrender devolved upon Colonel 
 Denison, the second in command." 
 
 COIiMEnORATlON. 
 
 The inscription on the monument, which was written by Edward 
 G. Mallery, is a " chaste and beautiful " record of the day: 
 
 " Near this spot was fought 
 on the afternoon of Friday, the third daj' of July, 1778, 
 
 The Battle of Wyoming, 
 
 In which a small band of patriot Americans, chiefly the 
 
 undisciplined, the youthful and the aged spared by in- 
 
 efBciency from the distant ranks of the Republic, led 
 
 by Col. Zebulon Butler and Col. Nathan Denison, 
 
 with a courage that deserved success, 
 
 boldly met and bravely fought 
 
 a combined British Tory and Indian force 
 
 of thrice their number. 
 
 Numerical super. ority alone gave success to the invader 
 
 and wide-spread havoc, desolation and ruin 
 
 marked his savage and bloody footsteps through the valley. 
 
 This Monument 
 
 commemorative of these events 
 
 has been erected 
 
 over the bones of the slain 
 
 by their descendants and others who gratefully appreciated 
 
 the services and sacrifices of their patriot ancestors." 
 
 The Retreat. 
 
 A remnant of the men escaped the .massacre and returned to the 
 fort. On the morning of the 4th, Major (Colonel) John Butler sent 
 a flag demanding capitulation, and requesting Colonel Denison to 
 come to headqtxarters and agree to the terms. A demand was made 
 
24 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 for the surrender as prisoners of war of Colonel Z. Butler, Lieuten- 
 ant Jenkins, and all tlie Continental troops. These parties imme- 
 diately fled across the mountains, and the final agreement was that 
 the property of. the people up the river, named Tories, should be 
 made good, and they to remain in peaceable possession of their 
 farms. This agreement lends a color of plausibility, though not 
 proof, that the massacre was instigated by the Tories, many of 
 whom were Pennamites. The terms were otherwise favorable to the 
 remaining settlers. But Colonel Denison says : "Nevertheless, 
 the enemy being powerful, proceeded, plundered, burned and de- 
 stroyed almost everything that was valuable ; murdered several of 
 the remaining inhabitants, and compelled most of the remainder to 
 leave their settlement, nearly destitute of clothing, provisions, and 
 the necessaries of life." William Gallap says : "We were not to^ 
 be plundered, but they plundered us of. everything. They kept us 
 three or four days, and then told us to go. One hundred and eighty 
 women and children, accompanied by only thirteen men, went to- 
 gether. They suffered extremely, all on foot, bare-foot, bare- 
 headed, in great want of provisions. Two women were delivered in 
 the woods. Those of the men who had been in the battle made their 
 escape before the fort surrendered, as the enemy said they would 
 kill all who had been in the battle. The savages burnt all our im- 
 provements ; scarcely a house left that was valuable. About twO' 
 hundred men were then absent serving in the Continental army. 
 The greater part of the men and women had fled east and down the 
 river on the night of the massacre. Crossing the river at Forty 
 Fort, they plunged into the wilderness and made their way to the 
 mountains. Many fled on the night of the 4th. The number of the 
 fugitives fleeing from the valley was about two thousand. The 
 savages, finding they had fled, pursued them. Many were slain by 
 the pursuing savages in their flight ; some died of excitement and 
 fatigue, others of hunger and exposure, while many were lost who 
 never found their way out. Hundreds were never seen again after 
 they turned their backs on Wyoming. By what suffering and tor- 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 25 
 
 ture they died, the world will never know. On their way was a long 
 and dreary swamp to be traversed by them, which on account of the 
 number who fled and perished in its mire and among its thorny 
 brambles, was called The Shades of Death .^" 
 
 Before the massacre an appeal had been sent for the return of the 
 Westmoreland companies, who arrived only in time to meet the 
 fugitives on the mountain and drive back the savages. They 
 formed a rear guard for the retreat, and scattered themselves through 
 the woods to pick up those who fell by the way. About three htin- 
 dred perished in the massacre, and about two hundred more in the 
 flight. {Jenkins.) 
 
 The dead remained unburied until October 22. Having escorted 
 the fugitives to Stroudsburg, the companies returned to the valley 
 and gathered up the bodies and buried them. On the 4th of July, 
 1832, these remains were exhumed and buried on the spot selected 
 for the monument. The number buried here was ninety-six, of 
 whom sixty were slain in battle, and thirty-six in the flight. Bodies 
 found afterward were buried where they lay. 
 
 Many of the fugitives subsequently returned and re-occupied their 
 devastated fields, but it was many years before' prosperity again 
 blessed the valley. 
 

 K. 
 
tpol\i9($ Bael^u/ard from 1892 
 
 fVN lil5T0RlCAL 5KETQH OF THE WYOIilNQ YALLET 
 
 BY W. H. PUTNAM, PH. D. 
 
 "The opinion whicli men entertain of antiquity is a very idle thing, and almost incon- 
 gruous to the word ; for the old age and length of days of the world should in reality be 
 accounted antiquity, and ought to be attributed to our own times, not to the youth of the 
 ■world which it enjoyed among the ancients ; for that age, though with respect to us it be 
 ancient and greater, yet with regard to the world it was new and less." — Bacon. 
 
 T IS the purpose of this sketch to give a general 
 view, from an historical point, of the early con- 
 1^^ dition of our valley — a region made famous in 
 song and story — leaving the present evidences of 
 growth and prosperity to the other pages of this 
 book, excepting when it is necessary to trace 
 results from causes connefted with the early his- 
 tory. In doing this, it will be necessary to go out of 
 the valley and trace to the original springs some of the 
 streams which contribute to the great tide of wealth and culture 
 which we find on every hand at the present day. 
 
28 IvOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 It is not proposed to give a full and complete history within 
 these few pages, but simply some of the glimpses which we catch 
 standing on an eminence, which, for the sake of our own congratu- 
 lation, we may call the Twentieth Century. Two persons, one a 
 naturalist, the other a poet, looking from the same eminence see 
 different things. One sees the rodent or wild flower, the other 
 sees the landscape in general; so with us all. We see those things 
 most vividly in which we have the deepest interest. For this reason 
 we hope to escape the critic's censure, if we have left out some of 
 the material matter which goes to make up the history of our 
 valley, the reader remembering that these are but sketches gath- 
 ered hastily for a book of sketches. 
 
 The history of Luzerne County is, in a great part, the history 
 of the Wyoming Valley. Luzerne, until recently, embraced what 
 is now Lackawanna County, forming one of the eastern counties of 
 the State, Wayne and Pike separating it from New York and New 
 Jersey. On a granite block in the court-house yard, at Wilkes- 
 Barre, is marked latitude 41" 15' 37", longitude 75" 57' 10". The 
 climate is much milder than many places of a more southerly posi- 
 tion. The valley is so sheltered by mountain ranges as to keep off 
 much of the cold, snow rarely remaining more than four days at 
 a time. This sedlion was originally embraced in what was known 
 as Westmoreland, a territory embracing all of Northeastern Penn- 
 sylvania, with Wilkes-Barre as a capital or j udicial center. 
 
 Ancient History. 
 
 •-T^HE early history of Northeastern Pennsylvania can only be 
 gathered from the evidences which have been colleAed into 
 cabinets. There • is little doubt but that Northeastern Pennsyl- 
 vania, embracing the Wyoming Valley, was once the home of a 
 race of people who antedated the American Indian. The evidences 
 consist of sepulchral and other mounds, or tumuli. This race was 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 29 
 
 •evidently different from the Indian. They carried the art of 
 making utensils to a greater degree of perfedlion than the Indian. 
 
 Most of the mounds have been so nearly obliterated that it 
 requires the pra6lical eye and good judgment of the archaeologist 
 to trace their bearings. One of these earthworks, located in the 
 township of Kingston, upon a level plain on the north side of 
 Toby's creek, about one hundred and fifty feet from its bank, and 
 about half a mile from its confluence with the Susquehanna, could 
 ' have been traced easil}^ at one time, but the mound having had no 
 protection, has become a part of the common level. 
 
 It was of an oval, or elliptical form, having its longest diameter 
 from northwest to southeast at right angles to the creek, three 
 hundred and thirty-seven feet, and its shorter diameter from the 
 northeast to the southwest two hundred and seventy-two feet. On 
 the southwest side seems to have been a gateway, about twelve 
 feet wide, opening toward the great eddy of the river into which 
 the creek falls. It consisted probably of only one mound, or ram- 
 part, which, in height and thickness, appears to have been the 
 same on all sides. It was constructed of earth, the plain on which 
 it was formed not abounding in stone. On the outside of the mound 
 was a ditch. The creek on which it stood was bounded by an high, 
 -steep bank on that side, and at ordinary times is sufEciently deep 
 to admit canoes to ascend from the river to the fortification. When 
 the first settlers came to the Wyoming Valley this plain was cov- 
 ered with native forest, consisting principally of oak and yellow 
 pine. The trees which grew on the mound and in the trench are 
 said to have been as large as those in any other part of the valley. 
 One large oak is said to have been seven hundred years old. 
 The Indians have never left any tradition concerning these fortifi- 
 cations, nor did they ever make any use of them or have any 
 knowledge of the purpose for which they were construdled. 
 
 Another fortification existed on Jacob's Plain in the upper part 
 of Wilkes-Barre. This one had the same general construdlion. 
 Huge trees were growing on this also. Seventy-five 37ears ago 
 
30 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 these mounds could have been traced reasonably accurately. It 
 would seem that the early history of this valley presented the same 
 evidences of a race of people who antedated the Indians, as is pre- 
 sented by the country in portions of the Mississippi Valley and 
 the Ohio Valley. This may have been the outskirts of that great 
 and powerful civilization which had its center in Mexico and Cen- 
 tral America. This people may have been to that great civilization 
 what the barbarian tribes of Europe were to the centers in Italy 
 and Greece. These mounds are evidently the ruins of forts where 
 the people went for refuge. Excavations have revealed buried 
 beneath the surface rough angular stones of sizes convenient for 
 hurling or assaulting foes, weapons and implements of stone, 
 bone, and terra cotta; but rarely is a trace to be found of metallic 
 weapons or tools — when such are found they are usually near the 
 surface. 
 
 These circumstances would seem to show that these works belong 
 to great antiquity, a time prior to any knowledge of working in 
 metals. 
 
 The AnEKiCAN Indiams. 
 
 TT IS a matter but little beyond the memory of people still living 
 that this valley was once the "camping ground" of many tribes. 
 From the meager history at our command, it seems that besides 
 the five or possibly six tribes of the famous Iroquois and the Sus- 
 quehannocks who ruled this country south of the Blue Hills, there 
 was yet another tribe known as the Candostogas. All of these 
 nations were restless and warlike, but the Iroquois were by far the 
 most enterprising. The Iroquois were the most warlike of all the 
 North American tribes, but friendly to the New York settlements 
 when they were attacked by the French. No sooner was this 
 country explored by the white man than it became the object of 
 his deep solicitude. One saw in it a place of trade, another desired 
 to carry the gospel to the Indians. Others saw the beauty and 
 
THE WYOMING VALI^EY. 31 
 
 fertility of the valley, and the result was that it soon became the 
 subjedl of strife and contention. Trade was opened with the Indians 
 of this valley as early as 1737, and in 1741 Rev. John Sergeant, of 
 the Indian mission at Stockbridge, Massachusetts, came to Wyo- 
 ming, accompanied by some Mohigans. His purpose was to preach 
 the gospel to the nations. Sergeant did not meet with success. 
 The Indians listened to his preaching, and received him kindly, 
 but they had been told by the Senecas not to receive Christianity 
 at the hands of the English. Several other Indian missionaries 
 from Massachusetts came to this sedlion to preach and teach the 
 Indian. In 1753 a company was organized in Connedlicut to colo- 
 nize the Wyoming Valley. This company sent a committee to look 
 over the country. The committee reported favorably. The next 
 spring quite a large colony made preparations to settle this country. 
 They were cautioned by the Governor that in all probability they 
 would meet with hostile opposition on the part of the Indians. 
 
 The ^onnectkut People. 
 
 -'p'HE settlement of the Wyoming Valley was for a number of 
 years the only one in Luzerne County. The people from 
 Connedlicut kept coming from 1753 along till 1770, by which time 
 a considerable settlement might have been found within the valley. 
 At this time no other settlement was nearer than sixty miles. 
 These people were not the effeminate sons of wealthy parents, 
 reared in the lap of luxury. They were indeed "sons of toil." 
 From their infancy they had been taught, by precept and example, 
 industry and economy, which had enabled their fathers to thrive 
 among the rocks and hills of New England. They were the hardy, 
 active sons of New Englandefs, and in the exercise of the indepen- 
 dent, self-reliant spirit which they had inherited from their sires, 
 they left their parental roofs and sought homes in this valley, far 
 away in the untamed wilderness of what was then the West. A 
 
32 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 few brought with them their wives and children, and came with 
 oxen and carts, bringing a few indispensable articles of household 
 furniture and driving a few domestic animals. Most of them, 
 however, came on foot with knapsacks on their backs, rifles on 
 their shoulders, and axes in their hands. For a time they followed 
 the trail of emigrants who had settled in other regions, but finally 
 they abandoned this, left the borders of civilization, and struck into 
 the forest. They followed Indian trails, wandered through forests 
 and swamps, and climbed over mountains, camping in squads over 
 night, till at length they reached this valley, and having selected 
 their location, commenced the preparation for the future. The 
 forests abounded in game, the streams in fish. They were sur- 
 rounded by neighbors who were working with the same prospects, 
 and with the same end in view. They "changed works" in order 
 to accomplish some of their various tasks with greater facility, and 
 to dissipate the sense of loneliness which must have haunted them 
 as they pursued their solitary labors. The natural result of all 
 this labor and deprivation and sacrifice was a prosperous colony. 
 Now as we talk with the old residents about the early history, they 
 tell us of these thrilling scenes, and then point with pride to the 
 grandeur of the valley, and say all this is the result of the sacri- 
 fices of the early settlers. 
 
 The lliDlAN TR0CJBLE5. 
 
 *-OHE Delawares, finally, commenced operations against the set- 
 tlers, resulting in the massacre of about thirty of the Colonists. 
 From that time on till the great massacre of 1778, there was a 
 continual warfare between the Indians and the settlers. 
 
 « 
 
 This noted massacre, known as the "Wyoming Massacre" of 
 1778, is one of the prominent events of American history. It took 
 place near what is known as Sturmerville, one mile below West 
 Pittston. The able-bodied men were in the service, it being the 
 
THE WYOMING VALI^EY. 33 
 
 period of tlie Revolutionary War. The old men and boys only 
 were at home. For some months the settlers had imagined that 
 the Indians were premeditating an attack. As a means of defense 
 the settlers constructed Fort Forty. There are various reasons 
 given for calling the fort "Forty Fort"; some writers say because 
 it was the fortieth along the river, reckoning from the source of the 
 Susquehanna; but what is more probable, it was so named because 
 the number forty was associated with the township, forty persons 
 constituting the number required by the charter that every town- 
 ship should have. The latter part of June about four hundred 
 Tories and about the same number of Seneca Indians colleAed at 
 the mouth of Bowman's creek. Here they were joined by more 
 Senecas, probably two hundred more. From that place they de- 
 scended upon the valley. The Tories were commanded by Major 
 John Butler; Colonel Zebulon Butler of the Continental army, 
 Colonel Denison and I/ieutent-Colonel Dorrance were leaders of 
 the settlers. Fort Jenkins first fell into the hands of the enemy. 
 This fort was situated about where the high school building stands 
 in the village of West Pittston. The Jenkins burial ground near 
 by still reminds us of that prominent family. This fort was about 
 five miles from Forty Fort. When the settlers heard that Fort 
 Jenkins had capitulated, they commenced aftive preparations of 
 defense. The most of the women, old men, and children congre- 
 gated in the fort called Forty Fort. Major John Butler demanded 
 an immediate and unconditional surrender. Colonel Denison 
 being in sole command, waited until he could hear from Colonel 
 Zebulon Butler, who was, at the time of the engagement, in Wilkes- 
 Barre. When Colonel Butler arrived, he ordered from Wilkes- 
 Barre two companies and also a few companies which had been 
 situated in other places. He was determined to make the best of 
 the situation, — how many forces the enemy had it was not possible 
 to find out, though spies were sent out in all diredlions. 
 
 The enemy finally came upon the settlers. By some mistake in 
 the orders given by Colonel Denison, there was complete confu- 
 
34 I^OOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 sion in the ranks of the settlers. The Indians and Tories taking 
 advantage of this condition of things, rushed in upon the settlers, 
 and, as Steuben Jenkins, in his Centennial address, said: "The 
 flight became slaughter, the slaughter became a massacre." Such 
 was the battle. It was impossible that the result of the battle 
 should have been different. The enemy was three to one, and had 
 the advantage of position. Our men fought bravely, but it was 
 of no avail. Every captain fell at his post in the line and the men 
 lay like sheaves of wheat after the reaper. 
 
 Queen Esther's Rock, a large rock at the brow of the hill at the 
 southeast of the village of Wyoming and a little more than a mile 
 from the scene of the massacre, was itself the scene of a terrible 
 horror. People come long distances to visit these points, as, to 
 the student of history the fadls connected with them are of great 
 interest. It was around this rock that Queen Esther, a savage 
 charadler of still more savage followers held her war dance and put 
 to death fourteen captives in the most inhuman and brutal manner. 
 This rock may now be seen as well as the site of the old fort. 
 
 In the light of subsequent evidence, it is probable that the early 
 writers employed the figure of hyperbole with telling effect when 
 describing the part the Indians took in the early wars, the object 
 being to bring England to see the barbarous character of their allies, 
 and thereby lead them to desist from employing them. We see this 
 exemplified when writers to this day speak of the Boston massacre 
 in a way to make the deepest impression. This is a realistic period. 
 There is a demand for realism. We must not be surprised, there- 
 fore, if some one makes the discovery that what was supposed to be 
 blood stains on rocks, where our early settlers lost their lives, is 
 nothing but red shale — that there really was no Queen Esther, or 
 any Queen Esther's Rock. 
 
 Histories generally agree that Major Butler had no intention of 
 employing the bloody pradlices of the Indians. One thing has led 
 us to believe that not only did Major Butler know the savage 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 35 
 
 intentions of the Indians, but employed them, and that the English 
 at home made provision for the savage work of the Indians. 
 
 In the possession of Dr. A. Knapp, of West Pittston, is a toma- 
 hawk made of brass, and bearing an English nianufadlurer's mark. 
 Evidently these tomahawks were sent in large quantities from 
 England for the use of their allies. They could be used for no 
 other purpose or in no other way than the prescribed purpose of 
 the inhuman pradlice of beating out brains. In our judgment this 
 makes the English a party to one of the most inhuman pradlices 
 that is known to history. 
 
 The Tory soldiers remained in the valley during the summer. 
 When winter came, the commander, finding himself unable to 
 procure either supplies or recruits, discharged his men and aban- 
 doned the valley. While the soldiers remained they were so 
 oppressive and overbearing as to render their presence almost un- 
 bearable. Several times during the summer there were open 
 hostilities against the settlers. After the British left the valley 
 the people were prosperous and happy and the population rapidly 
 increased by the influx of immigrants, not only to the valley but 
 to the adjacent regions. 
 
 The County of Luzerne was organized in 1786. Soon after the 
 organization as a county, several adlions were commenced in the 
 courts to determine the title to these lands. Several years elapsed 
 before these complications were fully settled. 
 
 Public Koad5. 
 
 — OHE first roads of this sedlion were mere trails, or Indian paths, 
 which led through the woods. In 1779 a road from the Dela- 
 ware river at Easton to the Susquehanna at Wyoming was opened 
 for the passage of General Sullivan's army. Improvements were 
 afterwards made on this road, which was long known as Sullivan's 
 Road. This was the main thoroughfare between this entire region 
 and' Philadelphia. 
 
36 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 The ^OAL lriTERE5T5. 
 
 /T\NE of the leading features of this valley is the extensive coal 
 mining and coal trade. It lies within the great anthracite 
 region of the Appalachian system. In Bngle's History of Penn- 
 sylvania, reference is made to coal in this valley as early as April 
 17, 1763, when the Susquehanna Company granted lands in the 
 valley reserving the coal. During the Revolutionary War- coal 
 was taken from this se6lion to Carlisle for the forges of the United 
 States army. It was quarried from the out-croppings near Wilkes- 
 Barre and shipped in boats to Harris's Landing, and then by means 
 of wagons it was hauled across to its destination. Some of the 
 out-croppings on being explored have given evidences that they had 
 been "worked" to some extent in times long passed. There are 
 good reasons for believing that coal long ago was used for fuel by 
 the people who preceded the Indians, though we have no reason to 
 believe that they used it in very large quantities. The fadl that 
 hollowed-out placed were overgrown with trees many hundred years 
 old seems a conclusive proof. It took a good many years to dispel 
 the idea that coal did not go below the surface, or below what could 
 be seen. Recent mining enterprises have taken coal 1,500 feet 
 below the surface. Earlier thati 1820, there grew up a business 
 which was confined to this sedlion. In the winter season men were 
 employed to dig out the coal from the out-croppings, others were 
 employed in cutting timber to build what they called "arks" for 
 floating the coal down the river. It would be sold at different 
 points, and the men would return with comparatively large sums 
 of money. These men have passed away, and their business has 
 developed into the gigantic coal trade with its millions of dollars in 
 mining property and its thousands of miles of railroad for conveying 
 the produdl to market. But that class of men still claim their 
 rights of recognition as pioneers in opening the coal trade earlier 
 than 1820. The coal trade dates back even as far as 1807, when 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^LEY. 37 
 
 coal was shipped to Havre-de-Grace and from there to other points. 
 At this time coal sold as high as $8.50 a ton. It required some 
 years of expensive experiment before it was known how to use it. 
 Grates of various kinds were used before the right one was found. 
 Even after several experiments of varying success, it required some 
 persuasion to make the people believe that "stone" coal could be 
 utilized as fuel. 
 
 The 'story is told of Colonel George Shoemaker, of Pottsville, 
 who loaded nine wagons with coal for Philadelphia. The most of it 
 was sold to defray the expenses of the trip, and a portion finding 
 no sale was given awaj'. 
 
 One man, after receiving gratuitously a load of coal from Colonel 
 Shoemaker, had the Colonel arrested for swindling the people. A 
 firm having purchased two loads, ' determined to try every experi- 
 ment in testing its qualities as a fuel. A number of men, having 
 come together to make the test, placed a quantity in a furnace, and, 
 as the story goes, raked it and poked it and stirred it up and blew 
 upon it from the open doors with perseverance and persistent deter- 
 mination ; but all to no purpose: Colonel Shoemaker's rocks would 
 not burn. Colonel Shoemaker was an imposter. Dinner-time 
 arrived and they shut up the doors of the furnace and went to 
 dinner. Returning from dinner at the usual time, all were aston- 
 ished to find the furnace red-hot and in danger of melting down. 
 So hot a fire had never been seen in the furnace. From that time 
 anthracite coal found plentj; of friends in Philadelphia, and the 
 motto "let it alone" became the recipe for its use. We suppose 
 Colonel Shoemaker was released ' on his own recognizance. It is 
 said from that time it was never doubted that coal would make a 
 good fuel. When stoves and furnaces finally were construdled with 
 the proper draughts, the problem of stone coal fuel was solved. 
 
 Referring to the use of coal in this valley, George B. Kulp has 
 the following to say in a paper, entitled "Coal: its Antiquity, Dis- 
 covery, and Early Development in the Wyoming Valley": 
 
 "We believe that from 1803 anthracite coal was used for domestic 
 
38 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 purposes in this city. We liave not before us the population of 
 Wilkes-Barre at that time, but in 1820 she had a population of seven 
 hundred and thirty -two. In 1803 the population probably did not 
 exceed three hundred. These letters written to one of her citizens 
 would excite comment, and would be talked over by the entire popu- 
 lation, men, women and children. The social standard of her citi- 
 zens at that time was perfect equality. There were no ranks or 
 grades. The apprentice, the laborer, the physician, the merchant 
 and the lawyer were on speaking and visiting terms. As another 
 writer has said, in speaking of the early history of coal : ' Such 
 was the theme of universal rejoicing throughout the valley that the 
 event was discussed at every fireside, the topic went with the people 
 to church, and was diffused throughout the congregation at large by 
 common consent ; it entered for a while into all conversations at 
 home, it silenced every adverse criticism as it gave the signal for 
 long and mutual congratulations * * * where friend and foe 
 alike acquiesced in the truth that Wyoming was freighted with in- 
 finite fortune.' Coal up to this time had been mined by farmers 
 and blacksmiths for their own use. In 1805 Abraham Williams, 
 the pioneer miner, made his appearance in Federalist, published at 
 Wilkes-Barre, with the following advertisement : 
 
 ' ' ' The subscriber takes this method of inforniing the public that he under- 
 stands miners' work. He has worked at it the greater part of twenty-three 
 5'ears in the mines of Wales, one year and a half in Schuyler's copper mines in 
 New Jersey, and three years in Ogdeu's in the same State. If anybody thinks 
 there is any ore on his lands, or wants to sink wells, or blow rock or stones, he 
 understands it, wet or dry, on the ground or under the ground. He will work 
 by the day, or by the solid foot or yard, or by the job, at reasonable wages for 
 country produce. 
 
 " ' He works cfieap for country produce. 
 
 But cash I think he won't refuse. 
 
 Money is good for many uses, 
 
 Despise me not nor take me scorn, 
 
 Because I am a Welshman by my born. 
 
 Now I am a true American, 
 
 With every good to every man. 
 
 Abraham Williams.' " 
 
the; WYOMING VALLEY. 39 
 
 Standing on almost any eminence near Wilkes-Barre or Pittston 
 one may count forty or fifty breakers within a radius of two miles. 
 These breakers cost from fifty thousand to three hundred thousand 
 dollars each. They employ from one hundred to two thousand 
 men each. 
 
 The Influence of the Coal Bcj5ine55. 
 
 — OHE coal business has brought a great many undesirable for- 
 eigners to this part of the State. This, of course, has an 
 influence on society. On the dockets of the courts are long lists 
 of criminal cases. In the large towns society divides itself into 
 classes and the lines are quite rigidly drawn. Many who owned 
 s'.nall farms of one or two hundred acres were made millionaires 
 by the value of the coal under the surface. In going from Pittston 
 to Wilkes-Barre by railroad or by carriage one realizes how full of 
 meaning are the words of Goldsmith, when he says — 
 
 "111 fares the land to hastening ills a prey, 
 When wealth accumulates and men decay." 
 
 Little or no account is any longer made of the beautiful rich 
 bottom lands of the valley. Occasionally a gardener will lease a 
 farm, paying a small rent and reaping a correspondingly small 
 income. 
 
 In going back from the valley in any direction one comes to 
 farm-houses at short intervals. The houses and out-buildings show 
 that no very large sums of money are received for the year's work 
 after the expenses are paid. The country is hilly, even mountain- 
 ous, and the opportunities for a large income are limited. Lum- 
 bering to some extent has been carried on, but not to as great an 
 extent as upon the upper waters of the West branch of the Susque- 
 hanna. Many of the people are of that sturdy Pennsylvania Dutch 
 class, who work and save from generation to generation, living the 
 idea, "what was good enough for me is good enough for my boy." 
 
40 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 In many instances the boys leave home for the purpose of attending- 
 school and never return to the old homestead to live; the}' fiud 
 employment in the large cities or in some of the cities of the valley 
 or go to the great West. In the more thickly settled portion of 
 the county may be found all those evidences of intelligence and 
 thrift that are found in New England. Excellent school buildings, 
 many large public libraries, an excellent school system, all go to. 
 show that in these later days the people are beginning to realize 
 that there is more than one way to invest a dollar in order to make 
 the most of it. 
 
 It is but just to say, however, that from these homes which con- 
 tributed very little to the development of the young, there have 
 come many who have pushed their way to success in spite of dis- 
 couragement ; and those who met with the most discouragement 
 have often been those who have gained the most distinction. 
 During the half century which followed the settlement of this 
 county, agriculture was the chief employment. A few hunters and 
 trappers might have been found who followed the game over the 
 mountains and along the river. The existence of the vast mineral 
 wealth was not then known. The farmer, as he followed the plough 
 over the fields, or as he scattered the seed broad-cast, or as he gath- 
 ered his harvest, little thought of the vast rich' deposit which lay 
 beneath the surface. The farmers of those days were a thrifty class- 
 of men, and their descendants have been some of the leading busi- 
 ness men during these later years. The man who has become 
 most noted in political circles from this county is the Honorable 
 Henry M. Hoyt. He was four years in the Civil War. He was. 
 promoted from Lieutenant-Colonel, and then promoted to Brigadier- 
 General. He was afterwards elected Governor of the State, and 
 now resides in Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 From Kulp's "Families of Wyoming" we take the following,, 
 showing what the Bar of Luzerne has contributed to history : 
 
 "Of the ten President Judges eight are dead and two (Judges; 
 Harding and Rice) are still living. Of the six Additional Law 
 
THE WYOMING VAIvLEY. 41 
 
 Judges only one is dead and five are living. The only separate 
 Oi'P^ans' Court Judge we have had is still in service. Of the 
 thirty-five Lay Judges but two survive, thirty-three having been 
 called to that higher Court from whose decrees there is no appeal. 
 The total of judges and lawyers, dead and living, is five hundred 
 and thirty-nine, and since 1881, when the work of compiling the 
 book began, fifty have passed awa}'. 
 
 "Nine Luzerne lawyers have abandoned the profession to take 
 places in the pulpit. Of these, four became Episcopal ministers, 
 one rising to the Bishopric, three preached in the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church, one in the Presb^'terian and one in the Baptist. 
 Popular prejudice will stand surprised to find that a calling, the 
 pracftices of which are so persistently ascribed to Satanic influences, 
 has contributed thus liberally to the noble army marshalled for the 
 overthrow of his alleged patron. 
 
 "To the armies of the country the LuzerneBar has given more 
 than her quota. She had two soldiers in the Revolution, two in the 
 Mexican War. To the forces whose energies won in the Civil War 
 of 1861-65, she contributed five Generals, three Colonels, one Lieut- 
 enant-Colonel, three Majors, twelve Captains, ten Lieutenants, and 
 twenty-three Privates, while three others served in the navy. 
 
 "In high civic offices she has had one United States Senator, six- 
 teen Congressmen, two Governors, two Attorney-Generals, one Min- 
 ister in the Diplomatic Service, four Judges of the Supreme Court, 
 two Judges of the United States Court, and eleven Judges of Common 
 Pleas Courts in other counties or States, in addition to ten Law 
 Judges she has furnished our own bench." 
 
 The educational history of Luzerne County commences with the 
 arrival of the immigrants from Connecticut. To say that the people 
 originally came from Connecticut, is a sufficient guarantee that a 
 deep interest was taken in educational affairs. It was the original 
 intention that a sufficient quantity of land should be set apart for 
 school purposes to insure the support of the schools without taxa- 
 tion. The matter of taxing the people for school purposes was 
 
42 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 here, as well as in many otlier places, a serious question. In the 
 early history a scheme to support public schools by taxation com- 
 pletely failed. There were many private schools in Wilkes-Barre 
 and vicinity. These were taught by New England teachers. In 
 1844, Reuben Nelson came from Otsego county, New York, to 
 Kingston and founded Wyoming Seminary. He was a strong 
 teacher. Dr. Nelson was afterwards elected one of the agents of the 
 Methodist Book Concern, becoming a member of the firm of Nelson 
 & Phillips, publishers. 
 
 Many of the prominent people of this valley, and especially of 
 Wilkes-Barre, are descended from the families who were prominent 
 in the early days. The Ross family descended from General Wil- 
 liam Ross; the Hollenbacks, tracing their ancestry with pride to 
 Colonel Holleuback, so well known throughout all the northern 
 part of the State; the Butlers from General Zebulon Butler. 
 
 History has been_ likened to a grand dissolving view. While 
 one age is passing another is coming into prominence. 
 
 This is an age of motors, an industrial age. A solidarity of com- 
 mercial interests within the last few years has been established. 
 Who can tell what the next century and a quarter will bring forth 
 to us as a nation? What to the Wyoming Valley? Let us hope 
 for an epoch of intellectual and moral power — one that will har- 
 monize and assimilate the different elements which are coming to 
 us from foreign lands. 
 
I^epresei^itatiue [T\eT) of t\)e l/alley 
 
 CHARI.ES DORRANCE 
 
 Was born January 4, 1805, at the old homestead, between Kingston and Forty 
 Fort, Luzerne county, where he has spent his life. His father, Benjamin Dor- 
 rance, was Sheriff of Luzerne county, County Commissioner, member of the 
 Legislature, and the first President of the Wyoming Bank. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 George Dorrance played a prominent part in the massacre of Wyoming and the 
 early history of the valley. Colonel Dorrance, as he was called, was for many 
 years the President of the Wyoming Bank, President of the Wilkes-Barre Bridge 
 Company, one of the first members of the Wyoming Historical and Geological 
 Society, President of the Luzerne Agricultural Society, &c. Mr. Dorrance 
 died January 18, 1892. 
 
 1^.,, ABRAM NESBITT 
 
 Was born in Plymouth township. His great grandfather was one of the forty 
 claimants that came from Conne<fticut in 1769; his son, Abram, was Mr. Nes- 
 bitt's grandfather. Mr. Nesbitt's father's name was James. He served in the 
 Legislature in the winter of 1835-36; served as Judge and District Attorney; 
 -was Sheriff of the count}'. He died in 1840. 
 
 The subjedt of this sketch was educated at the Dana Academy, in Wilkes- 
 Barre, and at Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pennsylvania. He began life 
 as a surveyor; was one of the organizers of the Second National Bank, in 1863; 
 was eledled Vice-President, 1872, and President, 1878. He is Diredlor of the 
 Wyoming Valley Coal Company and Director of the Irvona Coal Company, in 
 Clearfield; Treasurer and Secretary of Forty Fort Cemetery; Dire<5tor of the 
 Poor for several years; Treasurer of the Sanson Cutlery Company; one of the 
 
44 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 organizers of the Spring Brook Water Company, one of the largest in the State, 
 and the People's Water Company of Pittston, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Hon. EDMUND L,. DANA 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1817. Prepared for 
 college in the Wilkes-Barre Academy, and graduated from Yale College in 1838; 
 engaged in civil engineering, and in 1839 entered the law oiBce of Hon. Luther 
 Kidder; was admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1841. Entered the office of the 
 Hon. George Woodward and took charge of his pradtice successfully during the- 
 time Judge Woodward was filling his appointment of Chief Justice of Pennsyl- 
 vania. Judge Dana served in the Mexican War and in the Rebellion with dis- 
 tindlion. He commanded the 143d Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Rebellion, 
 and was brevetted Brigadier-General; was eledled Additional Law Judge of the- 
 Eleventh Judicial Distridl of Pennsylvania, and took his seat, 1867, and served 
 ten years; was Correspondent-Secretary of the Wyoming Historical Society and 
 its first President. Judge Dana died in 1889. He descended from one of the 
 greatest families in the United States. 
 
 DANIEL EDWARDS, 
 
 Son of William and Mary Edwards, was born in Eglwysillen, Wales, April 28, 
 1825; came to America in 1851, and finally settled in Danville, Pennsylvania;^ 
 married January 17, 1862, Margaret, daughter of Thomas and Anna Edwards, a 
 native of Merthyr Tydvil, Wales. Mr. Edwards early in life became associated 
 with the extensive coal and iron concern of Waterman & Beaver, finally merged 
 into the Montour Iron and Steel Company, and the Kingston Coal Company. 
 The Gaylord Coal Company also was one of Mr. Edwards' organization; this- 
 Company, too, was finally absorbed by the Kingston Coal Company, which is 
 to-day the largest individual coal operating Company in the Wyoming Valley. 
 Mr. Edwards, bj' pluck, energy, tadl, and perseverance, coupled with sound 
 judgment and economical management, made the wonderful stride that has, in 
 less than thirty years, made out of a sound, pradlical miner a .President and 
 General Manager of one of the largest industrial, individual concerns in our 
 State. Mr. Edwards, while avoiding political preferment, has been a strong^ 
 fa(5lor in all the political campaigns of the past ten years, and his influence has 
 been felt in the advancement of political economy. In 1884 Mr. Edwards 'was 
 one of the Presidential ele^ors, which college carried the Keystone State for 
 James G. Blaine and John A. Logan with over 80,000 majority. At this writing. 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 45 
 
 March, 1892, Mr. Edwards, although in his sixty-sixth year, is genera! head of 
 the Kingston Coal Company and Edwards & Company, the management of 
 which he controls, leaving only the detail for eflficient superintendents. The 
 Kingston Coal Company mine somewhere about a million and a half tons of 
 anthracite coal per year, while Edwards & Company conduct one of the largest 
 mercantile businesses in Eastern Pennsylvania. Mr. Edwards visited his old 
 "home in Wales some three years ago, and many of his friends were of the opinion 
 that it portended a removal to end a well-spent life at the place of its beginning; 
 if such a thing was ever thought of by Mr. Edwards, he gave no sign, hence 
 we conclude that the home of his adoption has become his best love. 
 
 ANDREW T. McCLINTOCK, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Northumberland, of this State, February 2, 1810. Educated in 
 the public schools of that place and Kenyon College, Ohio; began his law 
 studies with James Hefburn and completed them under the Hon. George Wood- 
 ward; was admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1836, and became a partner of the 
 latter; was appointed Distridl Attorney in, 1839. As Diredtor of the Wyoming 
 National Bank and President of Hollenback Cemetery Association, Diredlor of 
 Wilkes-Barre Hospital, President of the Wilkes-Barre Law and Library Asso- 
 ciation, member of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, Elder in 
 the Presbyterian Church, he has served his generation. In 1870 Princeton 
 College conferred upon him the degree of LL-D. He was the oldest member of 
 the Luzerne Bar in adlive pradlice at the time of his death. His clientage 
 includes many of our large corporations. He died January i, 1892. 
 
 W. S. PARSONS 
 
 Was born in Lenox, Massachusetts. In early life removed to Bucks county, 
 Pennsylvania. Graduated at Lafayette College in 1844, at Princeton Seminary 
 in. 1850. Spent several years in Western New York. In 1856 settled in Wilkes- 
 Barre, where he engaged in teaching till 1872, when health failed him. Was 
 ■eledled Alderman in the spring of that year, and has continued in that office till 
 the present time. 
 
 WILLIAM WALLACE LOOMIS 
 
 Was born in Lebanon, Connedlicut, July 14, 18 15. At an early age he came 
 with his parents to Northmoreland, Wyoming county, and to Wilkes-Barre in 
 the autumn of 1827. With the exception of N. Rutter, who came to Wilkes- 
 
46 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 Barre a year or two before, Mr. Loomis is the oldest resident of Wilkes-Barre. 
 He was Burgess from 1855 to 1863, and Mayor from 1877 to 1881. In 1862 he 
 was appointed by President lyincoln Eledlion Commissioner of Pennsylvania, 
 and visited the Union armies and held eledlions for President. Mr. Loomis has 
 adlively been engaged in the harness and saddlery hardware business for forty 
 years, and when his present brick store on West Market street was ere<5led, it 
 was judged one of the finest and towered highest of any business house in the 
 city. Mr. Loomis is so well known and highly respedled that further comment 
 would be superfluous. 
 
 BENJAMIN GARDNER CARPENTER 
 
 Was born at Plains, July 2, 1827. In 1848 he became a partner of Theron 
 Burnet in a store near where the Osterhout building now stands. The firm 
 moved to North Franklin street, and from there to West Market street, and 
 finally to the opposite side of the street. No. 57. Mr. Carpenter bought out Mr. 
 Burnet and took in Mr. Emery. In 1873 they built the building now occupied 
 by the firm. Mr. Carpenter purchased Mr. Emery's interest and took in A. H. 
 Mulford and Prank Densmore. At Mr. Mulford's death, in 1875, Walter S. 
 Carpenter, the eldest son of Mr. Carpenter, was taken in partnership. Mr. 
 Carpenter was a Trustee of Wyoming Seminarj' and President of the Wilkes- 
 Barre Water Company. He died November 11, i88g. 
 
 F. V. ROCKAFEI.I.OW 
 
 Was born at Somerville, New Jersey. He began life as a clerk, and is now the 
 adlive head of one of the most prosperous and solid banking institutions in this 
 sedlion. Has served the city as Treasurer- ever since it became a city. He 
 learned banking with C. B. Drake and was employed in Bennett's and Phelps's 
 banking-house. 
 
 ROCKAFEI,]LOW BANKING COMPANY. 
 
 This Bank was organized and the building built by A. H. Emley. In 1886 
 Mr. Rockafellow became a partner, and at Mr. Emley's death became the firm. 
 This is the only private banking-house in the city. 
 
 WILLIAM ROSS MAFFET 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania, March 29, 1817, and at the time of 
 his death was supposed to have been the oldest native of that city. Mr. MafFet's 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.I.EY. 47 
 
 father, Samuel, was a prominent citizen of Wilkes-Barre. His mother was a 
 daughter of General William Ross, of the Continental army. Mr. Maffet's life- 
 time is identified with the progress and development of the city, and as a Civil 
 Engineer he was connedted with the improvements in this sedlion. He was the 
 originator of the Coalville Street Railway. He was also a successful coal opera- 
 tor. Died January 14, i8go. • 
 
 CHARLES FARMER INGHAM 
 
 Was born of English parents in Dublin, 1810, and came to the valley in 1823. 
 He began life as a clerk; later taught school in the old Wilkes-Barre Academy, 
 on the public square of Wilkes-Barre, Penn.sylvania ; attended ledtures at the 
 University of Pennsylvania; became a Civil Engineer; helped construdl the 
 North Branch Canal; surveyed for the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company 
 the famous Switchback at Mauch Chunk, and was emplo3'ed by most of the 
 large corporations in this part of the State. He assisted in the eredlion of Fort 
 Sumter. The sewer system of this city was diredled by him. The Geological 
 and Historical Societies owe as much of their prosperity to him as any other 
 man. Died January 18, 1890. 
 
 EDWARD P. DARLING, Esq., 
 
 Born in Berks county, November 10, 1831. Educated at the New London Cross 
 Roads Academy, and graduated from Amherst College in 1851; admitted to the 
 Reading Bar in 1853 and to the Liizerne Bar in 1855. Died 1889. Mr. Darling 
 was one of the foremost lawyers in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He was a 
 partner with F. V. Rockafellow in banking, and Vice-President of the Wyoming 
 National Bank, Miners' Savings Bank, and many other important offices. 
 
 WILLIAM PENN MINER 
 
 Was for many years the leading journalist in Wilkes-Barre and was the founder 
 of the Record of the Times. He retired from adlive newspaper pursuits in 1876, 
 since which time he has lived in quiet retirement on the ancestral farm at 
 Miner's Mills, engaged in pastoral and literary pursuits. Mr. Miner is the son 
 of the late Charles Miner, distinguished as a statesman, journalist and historian. 
 Charles Miner was a pioneer in Wyoming, having come here in 1799 from Con- 
 netflicut. He was associated here with his brother, Asher, in publishing the 
 Federalist. In 1816 he sold out and went to West Chester, where he founded 
 the Village Record. He served in the Legislature and in Congress. William P. 
 
48 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 Miner was educated for the law, and was admitted to the I,uzerne Bar in 1841, 
 he afterwards being eledted Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts on the Whig 
 ticket. In 1853 he founded the Record of the Times, which he successfully con- 
 ■dudled for more than a score of years. In 1873 he launched the daily edition 
 of the Record and condudled it in person until its sale to a local syndicate, which 
 in 1883 sold to the present proprietors, Messrs. Johnson & Powell. Mr. Miner 
 has been a life-long protedlionist and his terse utterances on that subject grace 
 the columns of the Record from time to time. He is also fond of historical 
 research. His son, William B. Miner, conducts a newspaper in Wisconsin. 
 
 Rev. H. H. WEIvLES, 
 
 Born at Wyalusing, September 15, 1824. Son of Charles F. and Ellen Hollen- 
 back Welles. Graduated at the College of New Jersey at Princeton, class of 
 1844. Two years' study in Princeton Theological Seminary; licensed to preach 
 by Presbytery of Susquehanna August 2.\, 1850; began supplying Kingston 
 Presbyterian Church December i, 1850, and was ordained and installed its 
 pa.stor June 12, 1851; resigned from the pastorate in April, 1871. Has since 
 adled as stated supply for various churches in the Presbytery of lyackawanna, of 
 which he was the first Stated Clerk. Married, October 12, 1849, Ellen S., 
 daughter of General Samuel G. Ladd.of Hallowell, Maine. Has been Presi- 
 dent of the Alumni Association of Princeton Theological Seminary, and is 
 Trustee oflyincoln University. Resides at Forty Fort. 
 
 CHARLES MORGAN 
 
 Was born near Philadelphia in 1814, and came to Wilkes-Barre in 1839. In 
 1843 he entered into business with Elijah Kline, under the name of Kline & 
 Morgan. They ran very successfully one of the numerous large shops of this 
 locality engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes. This was before 
 machinery was introduced in the business, and all goods were made to the 
 measure of the wearer. After the death of Mr. Kline, the business was con- 
 dudled by Mr. Morgan, he having introduced the first machine-made goods ever 
 brought to Wilkes-Barre. Since then the business has been radically changed, 
 and now the shops so famous in the manufadlure of hand-made boots and shoes 
 are no more, but in their places are the modern shoe stores with plate-glass 
 fronts with large stocks of machine and hand-made goods, brought by railroad 
 from the raanufadluring centers. Mr. Morgan brought his first ready-made 
 
THE WYOMING VALIvEY. 49 
 
 boots and shoes from New Jersey by team, afterwards by canal, and later by 
 railroad. Mr. Morgan's sons, J. T. and W. P., succeeded him in the year 1876. 
 
 REUBEN JAY FUCK. 
 
 Mr. Flick was born at Flicksville, Pennsylvania, July 10, 18 16. He came to 
 Wilkes-Barre in 1838, and engaged in mercantile trade. In 1870 he organized 
 the People's Bank and was its adtive President until iSfff, when the increasing 
 cares of his many other interests compelled his resignation. Mr. Flick's ability, 
 ■energy and integrity brought him success in all his undertakings and made him 
 •one of the most eminent and respedled citizens of Wilkes-Barre. He was an in- 
 corporator of many of her leading industries and charitable institutions and their 
 prominence and present success are largely due to his personal interest and 
 business ability. At the time of his death, which occurred December 18, 1890, 
 Mr. Flick was a Director of the Wilkes-Barre Lace Company, Vulcan Iron 
 Works, Electric Light Company, Wilkes-Barre Street Car and Iron Bridge 
 Companies, Wyoming Valley Ice Company and others, and was a Trustee of the 
 Home for Friendless, the City Hospital, the Female Institute of Wilkes-Barre, 
 and of Lincoln University of Oxford, Pennsylvania. 
 
 JOHN C. PHELPS, 
 
 ^orn in Granby, Connedlicut, April 20, 1825. Emigrated with parents to 
 Pennsylvania in 1827. Educated at the public schools of DundafiF, Luzerne 
 county, Pennsylvania, and at Harford Academy. Emigrated to New York at 
 nineteen years of age, where he served as clerk in a wholesale grocery store for 
 four years, afterwards becoming a partner. Having been engaged in the whole- 
 sale grocery and hardware business, as a banker, and connecfled with several 
 corporations as president, vice-president, secretary and treasurer, with many 
 others as diredlor — notably as Vice-President Lackawanna and Bloomsburg, 
 President Dickson Manufacturing Company and Nanticoke Coal and Iron Com- 
 pany, Steuben Coal Company, Granby Coal Company, Wilkes-Barre Gas Com- 
 pany; Diredlor of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, 
 Parrish Coal Company, Armora Coal Company, as well as other corporations of 
 this and other States. 
 
 Rev. DAVID COPELAND, D. D., 
 
 Principal of Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pennsylvania, from 1872 to 1882, 
 was born in Braintree, Vermont, December 21, 1832, and was graduated from 
 
50 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 the Wesleyan University in 1855. In the same year he was engaged as Princi- 
 pal of the Monroe Academy, Henrietta, New York, and in 1866 as teacher of 
 natural science and mathematics in Falley Seminary, Fulton, New York. He 
 joined the Genesee Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1858, and 
 was in the same year appointed Principal of the Springfield Academy, now 
 Griffith Institute, New York. In 1865 he was transferred to the Cincinnati 
 Conference, and was appointed President of the Hillsborough Female College, 
 Ohio. In 1872 was appointed Principal of Wyoming Seminary, Kingston. 
 Died, 1882, in Vermont. 
 
 Rev. REUBEN NELSON, D. D., 
 
 Was born at Andes, New York, December 13, 1818. Studied at Hartwick 
 Seminary. Received the Degree of Master of Arts at Union College, and that 
 of Dodlor of Divinity at Dickinson College. Entered the Oneida Annual Con- 
 ference in 1838; later Principal of Otsego Academy at Cooperstown, New York. 
 In 1844 founded the Wyoming Conference Seminary at Kingston, Pennsylvania, 
 and was its Principal for twenty-eight years. In 1872 was elected Book Agent 
 of New York for the Methodist Book Concern. Dr. Nelson was twice eledled 
 Presiding Elder, and served as Treasurer of the Missionary Society of the Meth- 
 odist Church. Delegate several times to the General Conference of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church. Died in 1879. 
 
 R. D. LACOE 
 
 Is a resident of Pittston, and has been engaged in the coal business for many 
 years. He is a scientific man and one of the leading authorities on fossil plants 
 and insedls, and has one of the finest and largest colledlions of fossil plants, &c., 
 in the United States. This colledlion has been donated by Mr. Lacoe to the 
 Smithsonian Institute. 
 
 Hon. GEORGE WASHINGTON WOODWARD, 
 
 Born March 26, 1809, in Bethany, Pennsylvania. Was educated at Geneva 
 Seminary and Hobart College, Geneva, New York, and at the Wilkes-Barre 
 Academy. vStudied law with Hon. Garrick Mallery at Wilkes-Barre. He was 
 admitted to the Bar August 3, 1830. Married Sarah Elizabeth Trott. In 1836 
 was a delegate to reform the Constitution of the State. In 1841 he was ap- 
 pointed President Judge of the B'ourth Judicial District. Was a candidate for 
 the United States Senate in 1844. In 1852 was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
 
THE WYOMING VALI.EY. 51 
 
 Court of Pennsylvania; the same year he was eledled for a term of fifteen years. 
 In 1863 was candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania, but was defeated. In 
 1867 and 1868 he was eledled to represent the Twelfth Distridl in the Fortieth 
 and Forty-First Congress. In 1873 he was eledled Delegate-at-Large to the last 
 Constitutional Convention on the Democratic ticket. He died at Rome, Italy, 
 May 10, 1876. 
 
 Hon. I^AZARUS D. SHOEMAKER 
 
 Was born in Kingston, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1819. His father was Elijah 
 Shoemaker. Educated at the Moravian School, Nazareth Hall, Bethlehem; at- 
 tended Kenyon College, Ohio; graduated from Yale College with honors, 1840. 
 Studied law with General E. W. Sturdevant, and was admitted to the Luzerne 
 Bar in 1842. Eledled State Senator in 1866, and Representative in the Twelfth 
 Congressional Distridl in 1870, and served two terms. Diredlor of the Wyoming 
 Insurance Company; President of the Wyoming Valley Manufadluring Com- 
 pany; President of the Board of Trustees of the Franklin Street Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church; Diredlor of the Crystal Spring Water Company, and member of 
 the School Board and Town Council at various times. Mr. Shoemaker is a 
 representative member of a representative family of our valley. 
 
 ABRAM H. REYNOLDS, 
 
 Was born in Plymouth, July 14, 1819. He was a son of Benjamin Reynolds. 
 Was married to Miss Elizabeth Hoyt, daughter of Ziba Hoyt, in 1862. Re- 
 ceived his education at the public schools of Plymouth and Dickinson College. 
 He early in life engaged in the mercantile business in Plymouth and Kingston. 
 He became identified with his brother, William C. Reynolds, in the construdlion 
 of the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg Railroad. He held the office of Secretary 
 and Treasurer of the road until it passed into the hands of the Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna and Western Railroad; subsequently he was principally engaged in the 
 coal business up to the time of his death, which occurred December 4, 1890. 
 He is survived by his wife, his two sons and one daughter. He was a man of 
 genial and happy disposition, and was honored and respedled by all who knew 
 him. 
 
 Dr. EDWARD R. MAYOR 
 
 Was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 18, 1823. He graduated from 
 the classical department of the University of Pennsylvania at the age of 
 
52 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 eighteen, and three years later took the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the 
 same institution. Practiced medicine in Philadelphia. He came to Wilkes- 
 Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1856. During the War he raised a company of soldiers 
 and went to the front. He went to Europe in 1882. One of the founders of the 
 Wilkes-Barre Hospital and of the Training School for Nurses. Was one of the 
 leading physicians of the State. He had fine literary taste and was a fluent 
 writer. He died August 17, 1891. 
 
 RICHARD SHARP, 
 
 An old and influential resident of the Valley. Director of the First National 
 Bank, President of the Alden Coal Company, President of the Wyoming Manu- 
 fadluring Company. 
 
 Hon. HUBBARD B. PAYNE, 
 
 Born at Kingston, Pennsylvania, July 28, 1839. Bester Payne, his father, dead; 
 Polly Payne, his mother, living. Prepared for College at Wyoming Seminary, 
 at Kingston. At eighteen years of age entered Wesleyan University, Middle- 
 town, Connedlicut. In college four years, taking full classical course, and in 
 1861 he graduated. In college took an adlive part in Society work. He was a 
 member of the Philoshetorian, a public society, and of Psi Upsilon, a secret 
 society, being sent by the latter as delegate to the Annual Convention, which 
 met at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in August, i860. He 
 was, upon graduation, chosen a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. In 
 August, 1861, he entered the office of Hon. Charles Deni.son (afterward member 
 of Congress for three terms) as a student of law. Was admitted to the Bar from 
 the same office, August 20, 1863. Has been practicing law ever since. Has 
 always been in politics an active and decided Republican. In 1874 he was 
 eledted, and afterwards .served two years, State Senator. In 1876 he was can- 
 didate for Congress, and in t88o was also candidate for Additional Law Judge, 
 but was defeated. Each time he was a candidate he was nominated without 
 opposition, but by acclamation. When defeated it was when his party was also 
 defeated. He was from 1867 to 1880 adlive as a Free Mason, being Distridl 
 Deputy Grand Master, 1876 to 1880. He belongs to Lodge No. 61, Master 
 Masons' Lodge at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and is a Knight Templar in 
 degree. He took an adlive part in Church work, being eledled Superintendent 
 of the Sunday School of the Presbyterian Church at Kingston, September, 1861, 
 and continued such more than twenty-one years. He was, in same Church, 
 Trustee more than fifteen years, and Ruling Elder more than thirteen years. 
 
THE WYOMING VAIvLEY. 53 
 
 At present he is President of Trustees of Osterhout Free I^ibrary. He has had 
 four children — one daughter and three boys. His wife, formerly Miss Libbie 
 Lee Smith, and three children are now living. His oldest son, Charles B., was 
 accidentally killed in Odlober, 1876. 
 
 HoK. CHARLES A. MINER 
 
 Was born in Plains township, Pennsylvania, in 18.^0. Son of Robert Miner; 
 educated in Wilkes-Barre and West Chester. Mr. Miner is widely known in 
 the business and political interests of this sedlion. He served three terms in 
 the Pennsylvania House of Representatives; represented the State as Honorary 
 Commissioner at the World's Exhibition at Vienna, Austria; President of the 
 Street Railway Company, Diredlor of the Wyoming National Bank and People's 
 Bank, member of the City Council, owner of Miner's Mills. 
 
 Hon. C. D. FOSTER 
 
 Was born in Dallas, Pennsylvania, November 25, 1836. Son of Phineas Nash 
 Foster, a prominent Justice of the Peace. After attending Wyoming Seminary 
 for three years and a school in Illinois, he studied law with Lyman Hakes, 
 Esq., and was admitted to the Luzerne Bar in April 23, 1861. Mr. Foster was 
 a member of the Legislature in 1884 and 1885; Delegate of the National Repub- 
 lican Convention at New York in 1888; Delegate to State Convention in 1889 
 and 1890. Was beaten by General Osborne for nomination to Congress by 
 twenty votes in 1887. 
 
 Dr. D. J. J. MASON 
 
 Was born in Monmouthshire, Wales, in 1855. His musical instrudlion began 
 when he was quite young, under his father. When he was ten he spent a great 
 deal of his time under Gwilym Gwent. In 1869 he came to this country and 
 went to Ashland, Schuylkill county, where he remained six months, singing in 
 his father's choir at an eisteddfod which was held there during Christmas. 
 Afterward he came with his parents to Parsons, where they made their home. 
 In 1872 he went to Mount Pleasant Seminary, Boyerstown, Berks county, where 
 he studied and afterwards taught vocal and instrumental music. From there he 
 went to Danville and studied under Dr. Joseph Parry, subsequently becoming 
 his assistant, and when Dr. Parry went to Wales to accept the professorship in 
 the University of Music young Mason took his position in Danville, when he 
 
54 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 also became organist of the Grove .Street Presbyterian Church. During his stay 
 in Danville he took a prize for a composition at Cincinnati. In 1875, in Scran- 
 ton, he defeated Gwilym Gwent and some of the composers of Wales. This 
 composition was published. In 1876 he came to Wilkes-Barre, and in the early 
 part of 1877 the Mendelssohn Society was organized and he became its leader. 
 The Society produced some of the Oratorios; was in existence until he went to 
 Europe, in 1882, previous to which he was organist of the Memorial Church 
 and subsequently of the First Presbyterian Church. In Europe he went to the 
 Royal Academy of Music for four years and was a pupil of Duvivies, Holland, 
 Fitten, Wood, Davenport and McFannen, taking music, classics and the sciences. 
 He took his degree of Mus. Bach, in Trinity Callege, Dublin, and returned to 
 this country in July, 1886. Two years later he was granted the Degree of 
 Doctor of Music in Toronto, Canada, on the strength of his compositions. In 
 the fall of 1886 the Oratorio Society was organized, and he was made Diredlor. 
 Under his diredtion about forty oratorio performances have been given, most of 
 thirm with full orchestra and excellent soloists. Until recently he was Diredlor 
 of the famous Welsh Baptist Choir of Scranton, two hundred voices. At present 
 he is Diredlor of the Oratorio and Clara Schumann Societies, Diretflor and 
 OrganiiBt of the Franklin Street Methodist Epi-scopal Church choir, and Diredlor 
 of St. Dominic's choir, Parsons. He has composed a great deal of music, much 
 of which is still in manuscript. Two elaborate choruses of an Oratorio of hi?, 
 were publishad three years ago, and competed for in the one thousand dollar 
 prize at the Armory. The Sacred Cantata " O Be Joyful in God" was pub- 
 lished about a year ago. His quintet, one of the numbers of this work, was 
 in competition in Scranton last year. He is at present working on a Grand 
 Opera, "The Maid of Cefnydva," which is expedled to be brought out at the 
 World's Fair Exposition in Chicago. Professor Daniel Protheroe was a pupil 
 of his from the fall of 1888 to September, 1889, during which time he passed his 
 first and second examination of Mus. Bach, and prepared the Cantata for the 
 same. Other pupils of his were Thomas J. Davis, Miss Lizzie Parry James, 
 Professor David Miles and Professor D. W. Herbert. 
 
 GEORGE S. BENNETT 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, August 17, 1842. Graduated from 
 Wesleyan University in 1864. In 1864 went into the banking lusiness with his 
 father, Ziba Bennett, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Has been Diredlor of the 
 Wyoming National Bank and Secretary of the Board of Diredlors, member of 
 the banking firm of Bennett, Phelps & Co., member of Town .Council, Manager 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 55 
 
 of the Wilkes-Barre Bridge Company, Manager of Wilkes-Barre Hospital, Presi- 
 dent of the Young Men's Christian Association, Trustee of Wyoming Seminary, 
 Superintendent of the Sunday School of the First Methodist Episcopal Church 
 and a member of that Church, Manager of the Hollenback Cemetery Association, 
 member of the School Board and Secretary of the Luzerne County Bible Society, 
 President of the Lace Works, Treasurer of the Sheldon Axle Company, Trustee 
 of Wesleyan University, Middleton Connedticut, ar.d of Drew Theological Semi- 
 nary, Madison, New Jersey; President of the Board of Trustees of Wyoming 
 Seminary. After his education was completed, Mr. Bennett traveled in Europe. 
 Married Ellen W. Nelson, daughter of Rev. Reuben Nelson, D.D., of Kingston, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 HENRY A. FULLER, Esq., 
 
 Born at Wilkes-Barre, January 15, 1855. Educated in public school of that 
 place; entered Princeton College, 1871; graduated 1874; read law in the office 
 of Hon. H. W. Palmer, and admitted. to the Bar of Luzerne county, January, 
 1877, where he has since been in adlive practice. Married November, 1879, to 
 Miss Ruth H. Parrish. Was Assistant District Attorney nine years; Trustee ot 
 Osterhout Free Library; Director of Anthracite Savings Bank; Superintendent 
 of St. Stephen's Episcopal Sunday School. 
 
 Hon. EDWIN S. OSBORNE 
 
 Was born in Wayne county, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1839. Graduated from 
 the Universitjf of Northern Pennsylvania at Bethany, and the Law School at 
 Poughkeepsie, New York, in i860. Read law with Hon. Charles Denison, and 
 was admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1861. Served in the late Civil War; 
 Major-General of the Third Division of the National Guard for ten j^ears. Was 
 a candidate for Law Judge of Luzerne county in 1874. Served in Congress from 
 1884 to 1891. 
 
 LYMAN H. BENNETT, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Harpersfield, Delaware county, New York, in 1845, and there 
 resided (if We except his absence in the different years of his .school life) until 
 his arrival at the age of twenty-one. In 1866 he accepted a position as account- 
 ant in the United States Treasury Department at Washington, D. C, which he 
 held until 1872. In the meantime he entered the law department of Columbia 
 College, at that place, and there graduated. In 1872 he removed to Wilkes- 
 
56 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 Barre. In the same year he was admitted to pradlice in the Courts of this: 
 county, where he has since pursued his chosen profession of the law. Eor a 
 number of years he has been a prominent member of the Luzerne Bar, and has 
 enjoyed the confidence, not only of an important clientage, but of his brother 
 attorneys, who, in a larger number of important contested cases than usually 
 fall to the lot of any one lawyer, have mutually selecfled him to adl in the 
 capacity of both Judge and Jury, under the titles of Auditor, Referee, or Master 
 in Chancery. He was the recent candidate of the minority — the Republican 
 party in Luzerne county — for the ofBce of Additional Law Judge, and although 
 defeated at the polls, he received a flattering vote from the opposite political 
 party. In 1874 he married Miss Ella Robbins, of Wilkes-Barre. Of this union 
 two daughters, Anna and Lillian, were born in 1875 and 1879 respedlively. 
 The death of his eldest daughter, Anna, in 1888, left himself, his wife and one 
 daughter, who constitute the present family circle. 
 
 G M. REYNOLDS, 
 
 The eldest son of William C. Reynolds, was born in Kingston borough. Edu- 
 cated at W3'oming Seminary. and Princeton. Read law with Hon. Stanley 
 Woodward, but never pradliced. Was President of City Council for five years; 
 for five years President of Board of Trade, and Colonel* of the Ninth Regiment 
 National Guard of Pennsylvania for six years. 
 
 WILLIAM S. McLEAN, Esq., 
 
 Born 'at Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, August 27, 1842. Educated at Wilkes- 
 Barre; graduated at Lafayette College, 1865; took the valedictory addrejsses 
 and delivered the master's oration three years afterward. Admitted to the Lu- 
 zerne Bar in 1867; City Attorney, 1875, and has continued in that office ever 
 and candidate for Judge of Luzerne county in 1879. President of the First 
 National Bank. 
 
 Hon. GARRICK M. HARDING, 
 
 Ex -Judge, was born in Exeter, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, July 12, 1830. 
 His great-grandfather commanded Fort Wintermute in the Wyoming Massacre, 
 and his father Judge of the Court in Lee county, Illinois. Mr. Harding was 
 educated in the Franklin Academy, in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, and 
 graduated from Dickinson College. Studied law with Hon. Henry M. Fuller, 
 and was admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1850; in [858 was eledled Distridl 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.I,EY. 57 
 
 Attorney of Luzerne county; in 1870 was elected President Judge of the Eleventh 
 Judicial District, and resigned January i, 1880 Judge Harding is a man of fine 
 literary taste and is well known as a writer. 
 
 ISAAC P. HAND, Esq., 
 
 Born in Berwick, Pennsylvania, April 5, 1843. Prepared for college at Media,. 
 Pennsylvania; graduated from Lafayette in 1865. Served in the War of the 
 Rebellion. Principal of Hyde Park School. Clerk of City Council of Scranton, 
 Pennsylvania. Admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1869. Secretary and Treasurer 
 ot the Wilkes-Barre Academy and Trustee of the Wilkes-Barre Female Institute.. 
 Served as Chairman of the Republican County Committee. 
 
 Hon. henry W. PALMER, 
 
 Born in Clifford, township, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, July lO, 1839. 
 Educated at the Wyoming Seminary and Fort Edward, New York, graduating- 
 from the Poughkeepsie Law School in i860. Studied law under Garrick M. 
 Harding. Served as paymaster's clerk during the War of the Rebellion. 
 Member of the Constitutional Convention in 1872. Attorney-General of Penn- 
 sylvania under Governor' Henry M. Hoyt's administration. 
 
 Hon. JOHN LYNCH, 
 
 Was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1843. Educated at Wyalusing and 
 Wyoming Seminary. Studied law under G. M. Harding; admitted to the Lu- 
 zerne Bar in 1865. Was clerk for Sheriff S. H. Peterbaugh; elected Register 
 of Wills in i860; appointed Additional Law Judge in 1890 and elected in 1891 
 for a period of ten years. 
 
 Hon. STANLEY WOODWARD, 
 
 Additional Law Judge of Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, was born in Wilkes- 
 Barre in 1833. Son of a former Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. Educated at the- 
 Episcopal High School and Wyoming Seminary, graduating with honor from 
 Yale College in 1855. Studied law with the Hon. Warren J. Woodward of New 
 Haven, Connecticut; admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1856. Was counsel for the 
 Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad; Delaware and Hudson Canal 
 Company, and Central Railroad of New Jersey. Served in the War of the Re- 
 
38 REPRESENTATR''E MEN. 
 
 iDellion and commanded a company. Was appointed Additional I^aw Judge of 
 lyuzerne county in 1879; elected in 1880 for a term of ten years, and re-eledled 
 in 1890 for a further term for the same period. 
 
 J. VAUGHN DARLING, Esq., 
 
 Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, July 24, 1844. Was educated under Professor 
 Xendall. Read law with R. C. McMurtrie of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and 
 passed his examination before he was of age; admitted to the Luzerne Bar 
 in 1874. He has contributed to the Atlantic and LippincotV s Magazines , and 
 ■was Assistant Editor of the North Americati Exchange and Review. 
 
 ANDREW HUNLOCK, Esq., 
 
 Born in Kingston, Pensylvania. Educated at Wyoming Seminary. Read law 
 with Lyman Hakes, Esq. One of the organizers and first President of the An- 
 thracite Savings Bank. Trustee of Memorial Church. 
 
 ROBERT C. SHOEMAKER, ESQ. 
 
 Born in Kingston township, April 4, 1836. Son of the Hon. Charles D. Shoe- 
 maker. Educated at the Wyoming Seminary and graduated from Yale College 
 in 1855. Read law with Andrew T. McClintock; admitted to the Luzerne Bar 
 in 1869. 
 
 GEORGE K. POWELL, Esq., 
 
 Born at Penn Yan, New York, June 10, 1845. Educated at Penn Yan Academy 
 and Genesee College, Lima, New York; graduated in 1866. Was Professor of 
 Latin and Greek at the Beaver College and Female Institute. Entered the 
 United States navy and visited South America. Admitted to the Luzerne Bar 
 in 1871. 
 
 GEORGE R. BEDFORD, Esq., 
 
 Born in Abington, Lackawanna county, November 22, 1840. Attended Madi- 
 son Academy and the Albany Law School. Admitted to the Bar at Albany, 
 New York, May, 1862, and at Wilkes-Barre, November 22, 1862. Been in 
 active praAice as a lawyer ever since, on the civil side of the Court, mainly in 
 corporation cases. Studied law in the office of Judge Stanley Woodward. Mar- 
 ried, May 19, 1874, to Emily, daughter of Hon. Henry M. Fuller. Trustee of 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 59 
 
 Female Seminary and of the Hillman Academy; one of the organizers of the 
 Anthracite Bank. Served as soldier in 1863 under the call of Governor Curtin. 
 
 ANDREW H. McCLINTOCK, Esq., 
 
 Son of A. T. McClintock, was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, December 
 After his education he studied law with his father and J. V. Darling. Member 
 ■of the Wyoming Historical- and Geological Society, and Trustee of the Oster- 
 liout Free Library. 
 
 J. BENNETT SMITH 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, July 8, 1834. Was connected with William R. 
 Maffett on North Pennsylvania Survey, in 1853; also on North Branch Exten- 
 sion Canal with Mr. Maffett. Identified with survey- and workings of the Lack- 
 wanna and Bloomsburg Railroad for a number of years, and several other 
 enterprises in the valley. Afterward with Lehigh Coal and Navigation Com- 
 pany as Soliciting Agent and Superintendent of Mines at Wananiie. For the 
 last twelve years connedled with the Hazard Manufadluring Company of Wilkes- 
 Barre, Pennsylvania. 
 
 C. M. CONYNGHAM 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, July 6, 1840. Son of Judge John N. Conyngham. 
 After graduating from college, was admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1862. Went 
 into adtive business, and is identified with the corporations of the valley. 
 Served in the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 Dr. JOSEPH A. MURPHY 
 
 Was born in York county, Pennsylvania. Worked on his father's farm until he 
 -was sixteen years of age, and attended school during the winter; attended 
 Stewart's Town Academy, condudted by his cousin, Professor J. A. Murphy. 
 Studied languages with the Rev. J. L. Menill. Served in the late War. 
 Studied medicine with the celebrated Dr. John L. Atter of Lancaster, Pennsyl- 
 vania; graduated in medicine from the University of Penns5'lvania in 1868; 
 pradticed medicine in Columbia, Pennsylvania, and came to Wilkes-Barre in 
 1870. A member of the County, State and National Medical Societies; member 
 of the Board of Trade and Historical Society; stockholder in many of our local 
 industries. Married Miss Fannie Parrish, granddaughter of the late Dr. Smith; 
 
6o REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 his children are Louise, Mabel and Kathleen. Dr. Murphy was one of the- 
 projeiftors of the Luzerne Medical Society, also one of the attendant physicians 
 of the Wilkes-Barre Ho-spital from its establishment. He is one of the leading 
 physicians of this se<5lion. 
 
 Hon. henry M. HOYT 
 
 Was born in Kingston, Pennsylvania, June 8, 1830. Worked on his father's- 
 farm until the age of fourteen. Educated at the old Wilkes-Barre Academy and 
 Wyoming Seminary; graduated at Williams College in 1849. Taught in the 
 Academy at Towanda; taught mathematics at Wyoming Seminary; also taught 
 in the Graded School at Memphis, Tennessee. Studied law under George W. 
 Woodward, and was admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1853. Served his country 
 in the War of the Rebellion and was brevetted Brigadier-General. Eledled 
 Additional Law Judge of Luzerne county. Appointed Colledtor of Revenue for 
 Luzerne and Susquehanna counties in 1869. Inaugurated Governor of Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1879. Author of much valuable literature. 
 
 Hon. CHARLES E. RICE, 
 
 President Judge of Luzerne county, was born at Fairfield, New York, Septem- 
 ber 14, 1846. Prepared for college at Fairfield Academy; graduated from Ham- 
 ilton College in 1867. Taught in the Bloomsburg Library Institute. Read law 
 with John G. Freeze; graduated from the Albany Law School in 1869, admitted 
 to the Bar of the Supreme Court of New York; in 1870 admitted to the Luzerne 
 Par; eledled Distridl Attorney of Luzerne county in 1876; eledled Law Judge in. 
 1879; is at present President Judge. 
 
 Hon. GEORGE W. SHONK, 
 
 Was born in Plymouth, Pennsylvania, April 26, i860. Educated at the Wyo- 
 ming Seminary; graduated from Wesleyan University in 1883. Studied law 
 with Hon. H. B. Payne; admitted to the Bar of Luzerne county in 1876. 
 Eledled to Congress on the Republican ticket in 1890. 
 
 S. L. BROWN 
 
 Was born in Wayne county, Pennsylvania. Educated in public schools. At 
 thirteen years of age had charge of a set of books in a store at Mount Pleasant. 
 Entered the mercantile business at Honesdale, and later engaged extensively in 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 6i 
 
 the tannery business. Removed to Wilkes-Barre and became a member of the 
 firm of Conyngham & Paine. In 1886 he established the firm of S. L- Brown & 
 Company, that has become one of the largest oil houses in this sedtion. Mr. 
 Brown has an interest in many business enterprises in this sedlion and owns one 
 of the finest residences in the city. 
 
 EDWARD STERLING LOOP 
 
 Was born in Elmira, New York, February 11, 1823. Attended the school of J. 
 B. Dow, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. In 1840 removed to St. Louis, Mis- 
 souri; returned to Wilkes-Barre and was employed by Ziba Bennett for fifty 
 dollars per annum. Removed to White Haven in 1842. In 1844 went to New 
 York cit}-, and in May, 1853, was made Cashier of the Wyoming Bank, Wilkes- 
 Barre, and remained until 1874. 
 
 HARRY C. DAVIS, 
 
 Born in Washington, Distridl of Columbia, September 24, 1856. Educated in 
 the public schools of Washington, and graduated at the head of his class in the 
 Columbian University, in 1878. Became adjundt-professor of Greek in the Uni- 
 versity and held the position for four years. At present Principal of the Harry 
 Hillman Academy. In conjundlion with Mr. J. C. Bridgman, author of " Brief 
 Declamations." 
 
 H. BAKER HILLMAN 
 
 Was born at Manluck, Pennsylvania. Came to Wilkes-Barre in 1841. His 
 father, Colonel H. B. Hillman, was one of the first coal operators of the valley. 
 Mr. Hillman became a coal operator after completing his education, and has 
 been adlively engaged ever since. One of the first Directors of the People's 
 Bank; Secretar}' of the Vulcan Iron Works for many years; was a member of 
 the last Borough and of the first City Council. The Harry Hillman Academy 
 of the city, is a gift to this city and a memorial to his deceased son, Harry 
 Hillman. 
 
 GEORGE BRUBAKER KULP, Esq., 
 
 Of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, lawyer, author of " Families of the Wyoming 
 Valley" in three volumes, editor of the Luzerne " Legal Register " in fourteen 
 volumes, Luzerne ' ' Legal Register Reports ' ' in six volumes, born at Reams- 
 
62 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 town, Pennsylvania, February ii, 1839 (married Odlober 4, 1864, Mary Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of John Stewart of lyackawauna, Pennsylvania, of Scotch descent, 
 and his wife Elizabeth Ann Williams, descendant of Sergeant Thomas Williams,, 
 famous in the stirring events of the Wyoming Vallej'); second son of Eli Sellers- 
 of St. Georges, Delaware, born at Kulpville, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1800,. 
 died at St. George's, July 6, 1849, teacher (married Odlober 6, 1831, Susanna 
 Breneiser, born Oeflober 3, 1809, descendant of John Valentine Breneiser, who- 
 came to America Septembers, 1730, in the ship " Alexander and Ann"); son. 
 by first wife of Abraham of near Linden, Pennsylvania, born at Kulpsville, 
 July 19, 1770, died at Linden, February 11, 1847, farmer (married, first, Bar- 
 bara, daughter of Leonard Sellers, descendant of Philip Henry Soller, who came 
 to America in ship "James Goodwill" September 11, 1728; married, second, 
 Elizabeth, born May 21, 1785, daughter of Daniel Wampole, son of Henr}- 
 Wampole, who came to America in 1743); son of Jacob of Kulpsville, Pennsyl- 
 vania, born at Whitpain, Pennsylvania, March 7, 1740, died at Kulpsville, June 
 28, 1818, farmer (married November 6, 1766, Mary, daughter of Abraham 
 Cleamans, son of Gearhart, who came to America in 1717); son of Peter Kolb 
 
 of Perkiomen and Skippack, Pennsylvania, farmer (married Elizabeth E. ); 
 
 son of Rev. Henry Kolb of Skippack, Pennsylvania, who came with his wife, 
 Barbara, from Germany as early as 1709 — his name appears first on a list of 
 elders and ministers published in 1727, his maternal grandfather was Peter 
 Schumacher, an early Quaker convert from the Mennonite Church, who came 
 to Pennsylvania Odtober 12, 1685, in ship "Francis and Dorothy." 
 
 W. A. LATHROP, 
 
 Born August 4, 1854, at Springville, Susqilehanna county, Pennsylvania. 
 Graduated at Lehigh University in June, 1875, with degree of C. E. Engaged 
 at mine surveying and kindred mining work with Irving A. Stearns at Wilkes- 
 Barre for about two years; principal Assistant Engineer of Lehigh Valley Rail- 
 road for about three years, with oifice at Bethlehem. Superintendent Midvale 
 Ore Company, Prompton, New Jersey, about one year. General Superintendent 
 and Engineer of the Southwest Virginia Improvement Company from the fall of 
 i88i until the summer of 1884, during which time he opened and developed the 
 Flat Top Coal Field of Virginia; btiilt the town of Pocahontas in what was then 
 a wilderness, and opened the mines and built the coking plant of the Southwest 
 Company at that place. Superintendent of the Bituminous Coal Department of 
 the Lehigh Valley Coal Company, with headquarters at Snow Shoe, Center 
 
THE WYOMING VALI.EY. 63 
 
 county Pennsylvania, from the summer of 1884 until the winter of 1888, when 
 he succeeded Fred. Mercur as General Superintendent of the last named Com- 
 pany, with oifice at Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 ALFRED DARTE, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, and is the eldest son of Judge 
 Alfred Darte, now deceased. He was educated at Wyoming Seminary, and was 
 in early years admitted to pradlice law, a partner with his father. In 1861, at 
 the breaking out of the Rebellion, they closed their law ofBce, both responded 
 to the call for 75,000 men, and served through the first three mouths of the Re- 
 bellion — the father as a Captain and the son as a Lieutenant in 'the same Regi- 
 ment. Afterward he entered the Cavalry service, and was a Captain in the 
 Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry until discharged for disability from wounds re- 
 ceived in adlion at Trevillian Station, Virginia, in 1864. Captain Darte's com- 
 mand was a part of the famous Phil. Sheridan Cavalry. In civil life Captain 
 Darte has filled many positions of honor and trust. He holds a commission as 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Veteran Military League, an organization similar but 
 antedating the Grand Army of the Republic. Is a member of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic, and has served as Commander of Conyngham Post, No. 97, of 
 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and was its Delegate to the last National Encamp- 
 ment at Detroit. Was eledled Distriefl Attorney of Luzerne county for a three 
 year term, in 1879, and re-eledled for a second term in 1888, and has vigorously 
 represented the Commonwealth, in the enforcement of her laws with intelligence 
 and integrity. Colonel Darte is one of the most adlive Republicans in his party 
 and a public speaker of repute. He resides at Kingston, Pennsylvania. 
 
 EDWARD FREAS BOGERT 
 
 Was born in New Columbus borough, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, September 
 27, 1856. He attended the public schools, at the Male and Female Academy of 
 New Columbus (paying for his tuition in part by building fires and ringing the 
 bell) and for a short time at the Keystone Academy of Factoryville. After 
 quitting these institutions, he assisted some in his father's wheelwright, black- 
 smith and paint shops, taking a hand in all departments of this work, and in the 
 spring of 1878 leased a farm in the vicinity which he personally worked until 
 April I, 1880. During a portion of the term of his brother, the late J. K. Bogert, 
 as Register of Wills of Luzerne County, he fulfilled the duties of a clerk in that 
 ofiice, and on April i, 1880, entered the business office of the Leader, shortly 
 
•64 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 afterward assuming charge of its books. During J. K. Bogert's adtive service 
 as Chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee, in 1881, and from the 
 time of J. K.'s appointment as Postmaster of Wilkes-Barre, in July, 1885, the 
 business management of the Leader was mainlj' in charge of the subjedl of our 
 sketch. In February, 1887, J. K. Bogert died. E. F. Bogert managed the 
 business for the estate until April i, 1888, when he purchased the building and 
 Evening and Weekly Union Leader plant, and has ever since been the publisher 
 and editor of the three papers daily, weekly and Sunday^ — -issued from its 
 presses. This purchase was made at a time when Mr. Bogert's supply of capi- 
 tal was very limited, but friends came to his assistance, and by the most careful 
 economy, never once losing faith in or becoming discouraged with his venture, 
 he has succeeded in placing it among the fixed successful business institutions 
 of the county, and this without missing a pay day or allov.'ing a note to go to 
 protest. He has likewise effected a material enlargement of the plant of the 
 concern, made additions to the building and greatly improved its interior ap- 
 pointments. It should be stated that the Sunday paper was not part of the 
 property of the estate, but was an independent enterprise owned by E. F. Bogert, 
 that became a fixed and paying concern almost from its start, in November, 1885. 
 Mr. Bogert has been and is an adtive worker in the interests of the Democratic 
 party, which his paper represents, an enthusiastic and untiring promoter of base 
 tall and other athletic sports, and an advocate of all forms of municipal progress 
 and improvement. 
 
 THE WIEKES-BARRE EEADER. 
 
 From the handsome building at No. 7 North Main Street, known as the 
 Leader building, eredled especially for the purpose, three newspapers are 
 issued — the evening daily, the Weekly Union and the Sunday Morning Leader. 
 By frequent consolidations and transfers of preceding publications, the oldest of 
 them dating as far back as 1810, the Weekly Union Leader came into being 
 through the uniting of the plants of the Leader and the Luzerne Union in Jan- 
 uary, 1879, the Leader having been moved from Pittston in the fall of 1877, 
 -where it had been published by Messrs. E. A. Niven and C. H. Chamberlin, 
 and the Luzerne Union being at the time the only other Democratic newspaper 
 at the county seat. The publishers of the consolidated journal were J. K. Bogert 
 and George B. Kulp, who were the only stockholders of what was styled the 
 Leader Publishing Company. Mr. Bogert, in February, 1879, purchased Mr. 
 Kulp's interest. On April i, 1884, the present building was completed and 
 occupied. The first issue of the Daily was on October i, 1879, and the Sunday 
 
THE WYOMING VALI.EY. 65 
 
 edition made its initial appearance in November, 1885, and although bearing 
 the name of the Leader, was a separate publication, with E- F. Bogert and John 
 S. McGroarty as editors and publishers. Mr. MrGroarty, after a few months, 
 retired from the partnership. Mr. J. K. Bogert died February 3, 1887. The 
 Leader publications were under the control of the estate from then on until 
 April I, 1888, when they were purchased, with all the appurtenances, by the 
 brother of the deceased and present publisher and editor, E. F. Bogert, a brief 
 sketch of whom is elsewhere published. 
 
 HON. JOHN N. CONYNGHAM 
 
 Was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1798. Graduated with high honors at the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1817. Came to Wilkes-Barre in 1820. He 
 became President Judge of I,uzerne County and served for thirty years. Member 
 -of the Legislature in 1849. For fifty years vestry-man in St Stephen's Church 
 in Wilkes-Barre. His death on February 23, 1871, resulted from having his 
 limbs crushed under the wheels of a car. 
 
 CHARLES PARRISH 
 
 Has resided all his life in Wilkes-Barre. He is one of the leading coal and 
 railroad men in the State and probably has done more for these industries in this 
 section than any other individual. Was President of the Lehigh & Wilkes- 
 Barre Coal Company, one of the organizers and President of the First National 
 IBank, President of the Hazard Manufadluring Companj' and is connected with 
 many other industries of the valley. 
 
 LIDDON FLICK, Esq., 
 
 Was born at Wilkes-Barre, Ocfbober 29, 1858. He is the eldest son of the late 
 Reuben Jay Flick, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere. Mr. Flick received his 
 •education at the public schools of Wilkes-Barre and at Princeton College, grad- 
 uating from the latter institution in 1882 with the degree of B. A. He entered 
 the law school of Columbia College, New York, and upon graduation in 1884 
 received the degree of LL. B. cum laude. In 1885 he was admitted to the New 
 York City Bar, and the same year received from Princeton College the degree of 
 M. A. In 1886 he returned to Wilkes-Barre, where he has since been pradlicing 
 his profession. Mr. Flick is an energetic, pains-taking young man, and most 
 adlivel}^ interested in the industries and improvements of his native city; He 
 
66 representative; men. 
 
 holds the responsible position of Diredlor in the Wilkes-Barre Eace Company, 
 Wyoming Valley Ice Company, Newport Coal Company, Wilkes-Barre and 
 Kingston Bridge Company, and Treasurer and Diredlor of the Newell Clothing 
 Company. He is also one of the Trustees of the Wilkes-Barre City Hospital 
 and of the Musical Association. As a connoisseur and colledlor of books and 
 fine art, Mr. Flick has more than a local reputation. As a man, his charadler 
 endures close and intimate acquaintance. In every position which business or 
 popularity has called him, by his energy and integrity he has justified public 
 confidence and the expedlations of his friends. 
 
 EUGENE W. MULEIGAN, 
 
 The subjedl of this sketch, was born in the city of Reading, Pennsylvania, 
 Odlober 28, 1852. A graduate of the Reading High School. Came to Wilkes- 
 Barre, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1877; entered the Second National Bank as a 
 clerk, arose to the position of Cashier, which position he has occupied for the 
 past eight years. 
 
 P. M. CARHART, 
 
 Cashier of the First National Bank of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, was born at 
 Belvidere, New Jersey. His father, well known as a merchant, is still living. 
 Mr. Carhart's experience as a banker covers a period of twenty-five years — thir- 
 teen years with Messrs. Bennett, Phelps & Company, five years at the Wyoming 
 National Bank, and seven years with the First National, of which he is now the 
 Cashier. As a banker, Mr. Carhart is enterprising and progressive, yet careful 
 and prudent. Under his management the business of the First National has 
 steadily grown in volume, and its methods in favor with business men. With 
 Mr. Carhart at its head we predidt for this good old institution continued growth 
 and increased prosperity. 
 
 CHAREES JONAS LONG, 
 
 The oldest son of the late lamented and esteemed citizen, Jonas Eong, was born 
 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 3, 1859. After a brief residence in Philadel- 
 phia, his parents removed to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, where, in i860, were laid 
 the foundations of the present great dry-goods establishment. At an early age he 
 attended the Wilkes-Barre public schools and Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, 
 Pennsylvania. Solicitous for tha attainment of a liberal and higher education, 
 he wac sent to Philadelphia, where he entered the Philadelphia Central High 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 67 
 
 School, after which, in a course of two years of private instruction and study- 
 under the celebrated teacher and "author. Professor George Stuart of Philadel- 
 phia, he fitted himself for Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, which he 
 entered in 1878. After a classical course of fout years, he graduated from Yale 
 College in 1882. After graduation, his professional career, owing to his father's 
 illness, merged into the cares of the growing and extensive dry-goods business 
 in which he is now engaged, associated with his mother and brothers. Although 
 immersed in the pursuits of a large commercial business, yet he finds time to 
 devote himself to the cultivation of literary work; and, in the liberal encourage- 
 ment of local improvements, lends responsive voice and effort to enterprises that 
 promise benefit to the city. His addresses are characterized by graceful thought 
 and eloquent inspiration, particularly those before the Young Men's Hebrew 
 Association, the Board of Trade of which he is a Trustee, and before the mass 
 meeting at Music Hall for Hospital endowment. He is President of the Young 
 Men's Hebrew Association, a member of Wyoming Historical Society, Yale 
 Alumni Association of Northeastern Pennsylvania, Trustee of the Board of 
 Trade, and numerous other Societies of the community. His close observation, 
 force of character, and genial disposition, fit him truly well for the development 
 and success that so auspiciously heralds a useful career. 
 
 WILLIAM H. DEAN 
 
 Was born in Illinois. Educated at Lehigh University, taking the degrees of 
 Analytical Chemist and Engineer of Mines. Occupation, Analytical and Con- 
 sulting Chemist; Professor of Physics and Chemistry in the Harry Hillman 
 Academy. 
 
 ISAAC LONG, 
 
 The well known Dry-Goods and Carpet Merchant, was born in Pretzfeld, 
 Bavaria, in the year 1834. When a boy of fourteen he left his home and came 
 to America to seek his fortune, and arrived in Wilkes-Barre in 1848, where he 
 remained until he was twenty years old; he then went to Philadelphia, and was 
 engaged in the manufacturing business for a number of years. In 1873, Mr. 
 Long returned to Wilkes-Barre and embarked in his present business, which h.ns 
 been a most wonderful success. Starting with a couple of clerks in a small 
 store in 1873, and in 1891 to be the occupant of the mammoth double store-room 
 and two other floors in the Welles Building, where he gives steady employment 
 to forty-three people, is certainly a remarkable business showing, and can only 
 
68 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 be due to his pluck, energy and business tact. Mr. Long is one of our most 
 popular citizens, and is interested in a number of enterprises; he is also Vice- 
 President of the Electric Light Company and the Board of Trade. 
 
 J. C. POWELL 
 
 Was born in 1854, at Lansford, Carbon county. Moved to Shenandoah at an 
 early age. Taught in the public schools of Schuylkill county for seven years. 
 Attended the Millersville State Normal School, Chittenden College of Philadel- 
 phia, and Bloomsburg State Normal School. Was employed on the Shenandoah 
 Herald for eight years, and helped to establish the Colliery Engineer, now pub- 
 lished in Scranton. Came to Wilkes-Barre in 1883, and ever since has been one 
 of the editors and proprietors of the Record. 
 
 FREDERICK C. JOHNSON, 
 
 Born at Marquette, Wisconsin, 1853. Son of Wesley Johnson and great-grand- 
 son of Rev. Jacob Johnson, one of the original settlers of Wilkes-Barre in 1772. 
 F. C. was taught at the public schools of Wilkes-Barre and at Ripon College, 
 Wisconsin. Beginning with 1871, he had a business training of about ten years 
 in the banking-house of Bennett, Phelps & Company, the coal office of F. J. 
 Leavenworth and the Wilkes-Barre Gas Company, meanwhile engaging at odd 
 moments in voluntary contributions to the local papers and doing special cor- 
 respondence from the coal region for the Chicago Tribune. He also spent a year 
 on reportorial work in Chicago for that paper. He studied medicine at the 
 University of Pennsylvania, graduating therefrom in 1883. Instead of engaging 
 in practice he embraced an opportunity for entering journalism and purchased 
 an interest in the Wilkes-Barre Record, the oldest daily paper in the city. He 
 has conducted every department of the paper in turn — local, editorial and busi- 
 ness manager. Mr. Johnson married in 1885, his wife also being a native of 
 Wisconsin. Two children have been born to them. Mr. Johnson has actively 
 identified himself with the local life of the community in the different ways that 
 were congenial to his tastes. He is a member of the Board of Trade, an officer 
 of the Historical Society, a Trustee of the Young Men's Christian Association, a 
 member of the Luzerne County Medical Society and of the State Society, a mem- 
 ber of the Republican County Committee, a member of the Masonic fraternity, 
 the American Legion of Honor and the Heptasophs, and is one of the committee 
 appointed by the State Board of Charities to inspect the public institutions of 
 Luzerne county. He is a member of the State Editorial Association and was 
 one of its Vice-Presidents. 
 
THE WYOMING VAIvLEY. 69 
 
 The Record ^^.^ established in 1853 by William P. Miner, who in 1873 began 
 the publication of the daily. In 1883 the plant was sold to C. B. Snyder, F. C. 
 Johnson and J. C. Powell, Mr. Snyder retiring in 1888, the Record continuing 
 since under the management of the firm of Johnson & Powell. 
 
 FREDERIC CORSS, M. D.. 
 
 The son of the Rev. Charles C. Corss, who was one "stated preacher" of the 
 Congregational Churches of Kingston, Forty Fort and Exeter in 1836, was 
 born at Athens in Bradford county, January 16, 1842. Attended school one 
 term at Wyoming Seminary and one term at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute. 
 With these exceptions his preparation for college was carried on at home. 
 Entered the sophomore class at I^afayette College in 1859, receiving the degree 
 of A. B. at that institution in 1862 and the degree of A. M. in 1865. Studied 
 medicine atthe University of Pennsylvania, receiving the degree of M. D. in i866, 
 coming immediately to Kingston, where he has since practiced his profession. 
 
 JOHNSON R. COOLBAUGH, 
 
 The subject of this sketch, is a native of Bradford county, this State. Spent the 
 first sixteen years of his life on his father's farm. Early in life manifested a 
 love for trade; came to Pittston and spent two years clerking; then came to 
 Wilkes-Barre and secured a position with the late Andrew Kesler, where he 
 remained two years. Taking the advice of Horace Greeley, to " go West, 
 young man," went to Beloit, Wisconsin, remained there nearly four years, fill- 
 ing responsible positions with leading mercantile houses. In January, i860, 
 returned to Wilkes-Barre on a visit. Noting the old fogj'' manner of doing busi- 
 ness here compared with the West, determined to establish an exclusive dry- 
 goods business. Wilkes-Barre was at this time a borough of about four thousand 
 people, bounded by the river. North, South and Canal streets. Among the 
 leading merchants were Hon. Ziba Bennett, R. J. Flick, John B. Wood and 
 Charles F. Reets. With little capital he determined that if honesty and enter- 
 prise could succeed he would. Continuing until the fall, and being desirous of 
 enlarging the business, associated with him D. H. P'rantz, and moved into the 
 new store now occupied by Jonas I,ong. The War was now in progress, goods 
 advancing in price, and their business proved a grand success, theirs becoming 
 the leading dry-goods house. About 1868, Mr. Frantz retired, and Mr. Cool- 
 baugh continued until 1872. Selling out to Mr. Bossier, he, with the late 
 William M. Bennett, established the well known shoe house and continued with 
 
70 REPRKSBNTATIVE MEN. 
 
 markeil success until 1880. In the meantime, other business claiming his atten- 
 tion, he sold his interest to Mr. Walter. In 1872 formed the firm of Miller, 
 Bertels & Coolbaugh, the object being real estate. From 1872 to 1883 was the 
 trusted assistant to G. M. Miller, Tax Receiver. In 1878 bought out his part- 
 ners in the real estate business, which he has continued until the present time 
 with success. During the past twenty-five years Mr. Coolbaugh has done much 
 to develop the city — Franklin street from Academy street down, Sullivan street, 
 Dana Place, Church and Barney streets, were projected by him. He is the 
 trusted agent of several large estates and enjoys the distinction of being the 
 leading real estate dealer. Has never sought public ofiice, excepting serving 
 three years as Councilman-at-large. His has been a busy life, marked by stridl 
 integrity, reasonable success and good citizenship. 
 
 P. A. 0'BOYI,E, Esq., 
 
 Born in Ireland, November 10, 1861, and emigrated from there in 1864 with his 
 parents, who settled in Pittston, where they have since lived. Educated in the 
 public schools of Pittston borough. He began the study of law with Alexander 
 Farnham of the city of Wilkes-Barre, and was admitted to the Bar in 1885. 
 Assistant Districft Attorney in 1892. 
 
 WILLIAM GLASSELL ENO, 
 
 Born Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Educated at the public schools of Wilkes- 
 Barre. Son of Josiah W. Eno. In 1870, shipping agent at the coal mines of 
 J. C. Fuller at Plymouth; from 1871 to 1874 with South Mountain Mining 
 and Iron Company, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania; 1874 to 1876 member 
 of the firm of J. W. Eno & Son, Insurance Agents at Plymouth; since 1876 of 
 the insurance firm of Biddle & Eno, Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 JAMES M. COUGHLIN 
 
 Was born in Fairmount township, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, and received 
 his education mainly in the public schools. He has been engaged in educa- 
 tional work for the past twenty years. During this time he taught in every depart- 
 ment of school work, first in the public school, then in seledt schools, after he 
 was Principal of New Columbia Academy. He was the first Principal of the 
 Bennett Grammar School at Luzerne. He was next Principal of the schools in 
 the borough of King.ston. While teaching in Kingston he was eledled Superin- 
 tendent of the Schools of Luzerne county, and held the position for four terms 
 
THE WYOMING VAI,I.EY. 71 
 
 (twelve years). During his career as County Superintendent he became recog- 
 nized as among the leading educators of the State. He placed the schools of the 
 county in excellent shape, and became very popular as an Institute instrudlor. 
 He has been called to ledlure on educational subjedls in nearly every cit3- in this 
 State, and has been frequently invited to address educational gatherings in other 
 States. In the fall of 1891 he was eledled Vice-Principal of the Bloomsburg 
 State Normal School, and was called from there to take charge of the public 
 schools of Wilkes-Barre city, which position he now holds. 
 
 J. C. BEIvI. 
 
 Was born in York county in 1850. Attended the public schools a short time 
 and the State Normal School at Millersville, from which place he graduated. 
 He taught in the public schools ten years, and served as City Clerk one year. 
 In 1881 he commenced banking as clerk in the First National Bank of Wilkes- 
 Barre. Was ele<fted to his present position in 1887, Cashier of the Wilkes-Barre 
 Savings and Deposit Bank. 
 
 HENDRICK WRIGHT SEARCH 
 
 Was born in Salem township, Luzerne county, June 30, 1855. He was educated 
 in the public schools at Shickshinny, which is still his home. He has been a 
 prominent man in public affairs, having filled the ofi&ces of Deputy Register of 
 Wills, Commissioners' Clerk, and was High Sheriff of I,uzerne county during 
 1887-8-9. He was also a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention that 
 nominated Cleveland for President in 1888. 
 
 W. E. RAEDER, Esq., 
 
 Has been President of the Pittston Pressed Brick Company; Trustee of Eodge 
 No. 61, F- & A. M., two years, one of the oldest lodges in Pennsylvania; mem- 
 ber of the Young Men's Christian Association; represented his Ward in the 
 Democratic Convention; served four years in the National Guard of Wilkes- 
 Barre as Second Sergeant. 
 
 JOHN THOMSON 
 
 Was born in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Came to America with his parents 
 in 1842, they settling in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, in 1845. He received his 
 education in the public schools of the State. Served apprenticeship to the trade 
 
72 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 of machinist in the Pennsylvania Coal Company's Shops at Hawley, Pennsylva- 
 nia. In 1863 entered the employ of the Dickson Manufacfturing Companv at 
 Scranton, and has remained with them until the present, serving them in the 
 capacity of Journeyman, Foreman and Superintendent of their works in Wilkes- 
 Barre, Pennsylvania. 
 
 WII.LIAM J. HARYEY 
 
 Was born in Plymouth in 1837. Educated at Wyoming Seminary, Middletown,. . 
 Conne<5licut, and finished his education at Princeton, New Jersey. Began life 
 as manager of a coal mine for his father at Plymouth. Served in the United 
 States army in the Second Pennsylvania Reserves; mustered out as Adjutant. 
 Went into partnership with his father, H. H. Harvey, as miner and shipper of 
 coal, and later in real estate. President of the Wilkes-Barre and Kingston Street 
 Car Company until sold to a syndicate. 
 
 THOMAS J. WHEATON, 
 
 Dentist, was born in Jackson, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania. Educated 
 at Franklin Academy and Eeroyville Academy; took a course in the Rochester 
 Medical College. Came to Wilkts-Barre in 1873, and since that time has been 
 one of the leading dentists of that city. Served in the United States navy 
 during the War. Dr. Wheaton began to pradlice medicine, but after a few years 
 abandoned it for dentistry, and has followed that profession for thirty years. 
 
 Hon. morgan B. WILEIAMS 
 
 Was born in Wales, September 17, 1831. Educated in the English branches. 
 Learned mining in England, Australia and in the United States. Is at the 
 present time a coal operator in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Eledled to the 
 Senate in 1884. Has served as School Diredlor and Councilman-at- Large in 
 Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 SAMUEL W. BOYD. 
 
 If the old saying, "You can always tell the characteristics of a man by his 
 writings," is true, then Editor S. W. Boyd of The News Dealer must be both 
 fearless and independent. He was born in Carbon county thirty-eight years 
 ago, and in early life removed with his family to this city. He finally drifted 
 to New York, where in business pursuits he accumulated considerable money. 
 Returning to this city, he embarked in the grocery business, at the same time 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 73 
 
 distinguishing himself in the political world as a leader in many hard fought 
 campaigns. Eledled to the office of Register of Wills of the county, he filled 
 the important position with credit to himself and satisfadlion to his constituents. 
 Retiring from the office four years ago, he purchased, in conjunction with John 
 J. Maloney, the Daily and Sunday News Dealer, which under their management 
 has rapidly risen to the front rank of Northeastern Pennsylvania journalism. 
 Nature has eminently qualified Mr. Boyd for the journalistic world. Being a 
 close student for many years, he possesses an unlimited supply of knowledge 
 and information, and being a versatile writer, with a field peculiarly his own, 
 and a commendable independence and fearlessness, his articles are easily recog- 
 nized and widely read and quoted. Of late he has permitted his graceful pen ta 
 wander into the fields of poetry, and many rythmic flowers glistening with the 
 dew-drops of genius is the result. The song charmingly entitled ''I'll be Back 
 Some Day to You," is from his versatile pen, and will no doubt achieve well 
 merited popularity. 
 
 R. A. SPALDING 
 
 Was born at Albany, New York. Educated in that city. Became a member of 
 Spalding, Oler, Alger & Osborne Music Store. Came to Wilkes-Barre from 
 Troy, New York, in 1884. Was the first Secretary of the Wilkes-Barre Oratorio 
 Society and one of its organizers. Has charge of the singing in Sunday Schools 
 in the city. Is Second Lieutenant in the Ninth Regiment. 
 
 GEORGE P. LOOMIS, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, May i, i860. Graduated at Wyoming Seminary iii 
 1878 and Syracuse University in 1882. He was cashier in John S. Loomis's 
 large Planing Mills, Brooklyn, for two years. Studied law with Agib Ricketts 
 and Hecry A. Fuller, and was admitted to the Bar in 1886. Mr. Loomis's prac- 
 tice is that of a Counselor, and his advice and counsel are sought and highly 
 regarded for one so you^g. It is seldom he appears in Court. Mr. Loomis has 
 been instrumental in establishing many of the industries in our city. 
 
 DAVID P. AYERS 
 
 Was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania. Came to Wilkes-Barre as a book- 
 keeper for Haggerty & O'Donnell, railroad contractors, in 1867; afterwards 
 entered the Colledlor's office of Internal Revenue under Hon. J. B. Stark, con- 
 tinuing in this service as a Deputy during the consecutive terms of Hon. C. E. 
 
74 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 Wright and Hon. H. M. Hoyt, till 1873, when he was elected City Clerk and 
 served in that office till December, 1875, when he was offered and accepted the 
 position of Cashier of the Miners' Savings Bank, in place of Mr. J. A. Rippard, 
 resigned, in which position he continues at the present time. He is also a 
 member of the City Council and represents the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Four- 
 teenth Wards and serves on some of the important committees of that body. Of 
 the Finance Committee he is chairman, and is also one of the Sinking Fund 
 Commissioners. 
 
 WILrlvIAM HARRISON CAPWEI.I., 
 
 Publisher of the Plymouth Tribune, was born in Clinton township, Wj'oming 
 county, Penn.sylvania, March 25, 1843. His descent is from Rhode Island 
 stock, though the name is from the French. He was educated in the common 
 schools, and at the age of seventeen commenced teaching, which he continued 
 with varying success for a number of years. His health becoming impaired, he 
 worked at carpentering for a number of years. In 1876 his first newspaper work 
 was done for the Wyoming Democrat a\. Tunkhannock. In 1885 he purchased 
 the Nanticoke Tribune of M. C. Andreas, and conducted the same quite success- 
 fully for several years. In July, 1891, he moved the office to Plymouth, and 
 established the Plymouth Tribune, which he still owns and manages. 
 
 BENJ. F. STARK 
 
 Was born at Spring Brook (now Moosic), Luzerne county, in the year 1845, on 
 July 15. His father, Cornelius Stark, and mother, Louisa Wagner, were born 
 at Plains, Luzerne county. B. F. Stark came to Wilkes-Barre in the year 1873, 
 where he began the Livery business and is still carrying it on. He became 
 identified with the Ninth Regiment in the year 1879, and is now the Lieutenant- 
 Colonel. He married Mary F. Warner, a daughter of Hon. D. D. Warner, of 
 Montrose, Pennsylvania. 
 
 JESSE T. MORGAN, 
 
 The subjedl of this sketch, was born in Wilkes-Barre in 1843, and was educated 
 in our public schools. His business career commenced when but a boy as a 
 clerk in his father's shoe store on Market street, in the year 1869. When but 
 twenty-one years of age he became a partner with his father, and took the full 
 management of the business, which was condudled with moderate success. In 
 the year 1876, W. P. Morgan, a younger brother, became a partner — his father 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 75 
 
 retiring. A jobbing department was added to the retail business, and later the 
 business was changed to manufadluring and jobbing, Mr. D. Davis of Worces- 
 ter, Massachusetts, becoming a member of the firm. The business was run suc- 
 cessfully under the firm name of Morgan Bros. & Company for about eight years, 
 when Mr. Davis retired, he having purchased the manufadluring plant. J. T. 
 & W. P. Morgan continued the jobbing business. Mr. Morgan is also engaged 
 in real estate largely, being connedled with his brother, W. P., in developing 
 the Lee Park addition to the city of Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 LUTHER CURRAN DARTE 
 
 Was born in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, and was one of four children 
 of the late Judge Alfred Darte of Carbondale, Pennsylvania. He was educated 
 in the common schools at Carbondale and Business College at Pouglikeepsie, 
 New York. Served in the late War when but a lad, in the same regiment with 
 his father and brother. Mr. Darte is a resident of Kingston, Pennsylvania, 
 where he has lived since 1865. He was for a number of years the general pas- 
 senger agent and general accountant of the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg Rail- 
 road Company, leaving the employ of the Company when the road was merged 
 into the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company. Was Cashier 
 of the Ashley Savings Bank at one time. Was eledled County Commissioner of 
 Luzerne county on the Republican ticket, and served creditably three years as 
 such. Mr. Darte is an adlive and influential Republican, and is well known 
 throughout the State. He was a delegate to the Republican National Conven- 
 tion, which nominated President Harrison, and in the Convention warmly 
 espoused the cause of General Russell A. Alger's candidacy for President. He 
 has served both on the Republican State Committee and as one of the chairmen 
 of the Luzerne Republican County Committee a number of times. He is at 
 present largely engaged in the business of Real Estate and Insurance in Wilkes- 
 Barre. 
 
 CHRISTIAN WALTER 
 
 Was born in the Grand Dutchy of Baden, Germany, in 1848. Came to this 
 country in 1854; has lived nearly all that time in Luzerne county. Received 
 very little schooling, only seven terms of four months each in the country dis- 
 tricts of Luzerne county. When nineteen years old took clerkship in country 
 store in Conyngham; remained five years, then came to Wilkes-Barre as Book- 
 keeper for Baer & Stegmaier ; from there to W. Stoddart & Company as sales- 
 man, remaining with them five years, when in 1879 entered into partnership 
 
76 REPRKSENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 with W. M. Bennett, when the firm of Bennett & Walter, Boot and Shoe Mer- 
 chants, was established. 
 
 EDWIN SHORT^ Esq., 
 
 Was born in Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania. Educated in the public schools and 
 Mauch Chunk Academy. Became a successful business man, then studied law 
 with Stanley Woodward, and admitted to the Euzerne Bar in 1880. Was a 
 candidate for State Senator. jAu/|U/, 
 
 Hon. WILLIAM H. HTNES 
 
 Was born in Brooklyn, New York, March 16, 1854. Educated in public schools 
 and Wyoming Seminary. Read law with John Lynch and G. M. Harding^ 
 and admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1881. Eledted by the Labor Reform Party 
 to the State Legislature in 1878, and to the same oiEce in 1882. Eledled to the 
 Senate in 1888. 
 
 C. BOW. DOUGHERTY, 
 
 Born in Wilkes-Barre, September, i860. Educated in the public schools of that 
 city and Emerson Institute, Washington, District of Columbia. Entered the 
 ofiice of the Susquehanna Coal Company in 1879, and is now Chief Clerk of the 
 Coal Companies of Pennsylvania Railroad. Married Anne W. Posten, February 
 6, 1883. Enlisted in the Ninth Regiment, National Guards of Pennsylvania, 
 August I, 1881; appointed Regimental Clerk, 1881; Sergeant-Major, 1883, and 
 First Lieutenant and Inspedtor of Rifle Pradtice, 1887. Secretary Wilkes-Barre 
 Musical Association (Ninth Regiment Band). Member Pennsylvania Society 
 Sons of the Revolution. 
 
 ROBERT LEE AYRES 
 
 Is probably, with the single exception of F. V. Rockafellow, the longest in con- 
 tinuous bank service of any man in Wilkes-Barre. P. M. Carhart, Cashier of 
 the First National Bank, was here before Mr. Ayres, but his service has not 
 been continuous. Mr. Ayres came to Wilkes-Barre in May, 187 1, and entered 
 the Banking-House of F. V. Rockafellow & Company, and has remained with 
 them ever since. He has held every clerical position in the bank, and has for 
 several years been the Teller. Mr. Ayres is a brother of Mrs. F. V. Rockafellow 
 of this city; Mrs. A. V. Nelson, Newark, New Jersey; Eugene B. Ayres, 
 Audenreid; William H. Ayres and S. Ayres, Jr., Bound Brook, New Jersey. 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 77 
 
 He has been closely identified with the religious life of the community ever 
 since his coming here ; is an elder in the First Presbyterian Church ; was for a 
 -number of years connedled with the Grant Street Mission, and about twenty 
 years a member of the Young Men's Christian Association — of the latter, he has 
 been eledled President several terms, and is the present incumbent of the office. 
 Mr. Ayres was born at Bound Brook, New Jersey. Three of his great-grand- 
 fathers served in the Revolutionary War. His great great-grandfather was 
 President of the important Provincial Congress which met at Trenton in May, 
 1775; was Chairman of the Committee of Safety, and he represented New Jersey 
 in the Congress which met in New York from 1765 until the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence was issued, July 4, 1776. 
 
 EDWARD E. CAMP 
 
 Was born in Camptown, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, September 3, 185 1. 
 He followed farming until about 1876, when he went to Tunkhannock and 
 ■engaged in newspaper work, which he has since continued, making advertising 
 a special study. He entered into partnership with his brother, Cyrus, and 
 ■established Camp Brothers' News and Advertising Bureau in Wilkes-Barre in 
 1885. 
 
 AUGUSTUS L. LeGRAND, 
 
 Born in Wilkes-Barre, August 16, 1856. Educated in the public schools of 
 Wilkes-Barre. En*^ered in the employ of the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal 
 Cornpany at Empire Shops, to learn the machinist's trade, in 1870, Accepted a 
 position as Machinist with the Dickson Manufadturing Company in Wilkes- 
 Barre in 1875. Returned to the Empire Shops in 1878. Studied mechanical 
 ■engineering during leisure hours. Accepted a position as Mechanical Draughts- 
 man with the Dickson Manufadturing Company of Wilkes-Barre in 1880, which 
 position he still holds. Ruling Elder of the Grant Street Presbyterian Church 
 and Superintendent of the Sunday School, succeeding the late Dr. J. L. Miner 
 in above position. 
 
 S. M. BARD, 
 
 Born on a farm in Trumbull county, of the old Western Reserve, Ohio. Was 
 •educated in the National Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. Began life as a 
 teacher in- home distridl school. Taught a number of terms in country and 
 town, then spent three years on the road. Entered Young Men's Christian 
 
78 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 Association work at Harrisburg, as Assistant Secretary. Was General Secretary 
 at Pittstou for six months, and has been General Secretary for six years in this 
 city. 
 
 I.EWIS B. IvANDMESSER, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Hanover township, now the borough of Ashley, Euzerne county 
 Pennsylvania, March 5, 1850. He was educated at the Wilkes-Barre Institute, 
 Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven, Connedlicut, and at Yale College, 
 graduating from the latter institution in the class of 1871. He is the son of 
 I/Cwis I/andmesser, who was among the earliest, most enterprising, and most 
 successful of the German settleis of the valley, having emigrated in 1836 from 
 Prussia, and who by continuous and well diredled effort soon managed to place 
 himself among the most prosperous and conspicuous citizens. The subjedt of 
 our sketch, after graduation, spent a year in German j^ attending ledlures at 
 Heidelberg and the University at Eerlin, dividing the time equally between 
 them. He then returned to Wilkes-Barre and entered the law office of Hon. L. 
 D. Shoemaker as a student at law. He subsequently read law with Hon. H. B. 
 Payne and Hon. Stanley Woodward, and was admitted to the Euzerne county 
 Bar April 5, 1875. Mr. Landmesser has made a specialty of Orphans' Court 
 pradlice, in wTiich he has been very successful. He was for three years Exam- 
 iner of the Orphans' Court, and in 1888, at the request of Hon. D. L. Rhone, 
 Judge of the Orphans' Court, he revised and arranged the present Rules of the 
 Orphans' Court. He is a Republican in politics; has always taken an adlive 
 part in political affairs of the county, and for the last three years has been Chair- 
 man of the Republican County Committee. He is also a prominent Mason, 
 being Past Master of Lodge No. 61, F. & A. M., one of the oldest lodges in the 
 State, having been constituted in 1794, and Past High Priest of Shekinah 
 Chapter, No. 182, R. A. M. Appointed Postmaster of Wilkes-Barre in 1892. 
 
 DARRYL LAPORTE CREVELING, Esq., 
 
 The second son of Alfred T. Creveling, was born on the 7th day of October, 
 1869, in Columbia county, Pennsylvania. During his early life he attended 
 public school, and when old enough assisted in doing work on the farm. At 
 the age of seventeen he entered a private school at the New Columbus Academy 
 and attended there nearly three years. While in attendance at this academy he 
 became an adlive member, and afterward the President, of the Custos Morum 
 Society, one of two rival societies maintained by students of this school. It was 
 here that his first literary work was done, by contributing small articles to the 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 79 
 
 Society Journal, a paper issued every two weeks. After quitting school here he* 
 began to teach public school, and taught several years, beginning at Pond Hill 
 and ending at Plymouth, where he now resides. In 1885 he attended school at 
 Kingston Seminary, during the fall and winter terms. Returning from Ohio in 
 1886, where he was spending the summer, he married Kate J. Hice, a daughter 
 of Jacob S. Hice, in February, 1887, and in June, 1888, was admitted to pradlice 
 law at the Bar of the I,u4;erne County Courts. He early evinced a taste for 
 reading, beginning when quite young to read and study an old book he found in 
 the garret, called "Chambers's Information for the People," "Don Quixote" 
 and " Poor Richard's Almanac." The first book he ever purchased was a copy 
 of " Byron's Poetical Works." While he has written a number of small poems 
 and prose articles, he has never attempted to publish but very few of them. His 
 best publications are " The Wheel of Fortune " and the " Field of Music." 
 
 C. W. LAYCOCK, 
 
 Born Odlober 3, i860. . Educated in public schools of Shickshinny and Wyoming 
 Seminary, Kingston. Entered the Second National Bank of Wilkes-Barre as 
 Book-keeper, February, 1880. Eledled Cashier of the Anthracite Savings Bank 
 of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, May, 1890. 
 
 TORRENCE BARNHART HARRISON 
 
 Was born in Union township, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, November i, 1858. 
 Attending the public schools of his native township until seventeen years of age, 
 when he began teaching. Taught first term in Union; for next two years taught 
 during winter and attended a term of school during the fall at New Columbus 
 Academy; in 1877, 1878 and 1879, taught in Plymouth township. Graduated 
 from State Normal School in 1881, taking the highest honors of his class. 
 Taught in public schools of Kingston borough for two years, the last year as 
 Principal; resigned to accept Principalship of High School at Hazleton, a posi- 
 tion he held for two years, and then resigned to accept the Principalship of the 
 schools of what was then the Second District of Wilkes-Barre. Mr. Harrison 
 held this position until his eledlion as Superintendent of Schools of Luzerne 
 county in 1890. 
 
 J. B. WOODWARD, Esq., 
 
 Born at Wilkes-Barre, April 3, 1861. Educated at public schools, St. Paul's 
 School, Wilkes-Barre Academy, and Yale College ; graduated from Yale in the 
 
8o REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 'class of 1883: Studied law with A. T. McClintock, W. S. McLean and Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania Law School. Admitted to the Bar September 7, 1885. 
 Married June 6, 1888, to Marian Hillard, daughter of T. S. Hillard. 
 
 GEORGE A. EDWARDS 
 
 Is a native of Cardiff, Wales, where he was born in 1846. He came to Wilkes- 
 Barre in 1881, and ever since has been one of its most industrious citizens. He 
 founded the Eagle Iron Works in 1882, and it is now an important industry. 
 Although Mr. Edwards has filled no public office, he is a very busy public man, 
 having his hands full of social duties. He is an able platform speaker and 
 wields the pen with equal ability. In business, in the church, and in philan- 
 thropic enterprises he a very adlive citizen. The Cambro-American Society, an 
 important organization amongst the Welsh residents, owes its present position 
 to Mr. Edwards's zeal and interest in his nationality. 
 
 JOHN T. LENEHAN, Esq., • 
 
 Born at Port Griffith. Educated under the care of the Fathers of St. Augustine, 
 Delaware county, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1870. Studied in the law depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania. Admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1873. 
 
 STEUBEN JENKINS, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Wyoming, Luzerne county, in 18 19. Educated at Oxford Academy 
 and at the Academy at Bethany, Pennsylvania. Studied law with the Hon. 
 Hendrick B. Wright, and admitted to the Bar in 1847. Was a partner with 
 Colonel Wright for eight years. Served two years in a government appointment 
 in Washington. Served two terms in the State Legislature, namely, in 1856 
 and 1857. I^ 1863 was chosen Clerk and Counsel to the County Commissioners 
 ■of Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Died in 1889. He left a valuable colledtion 
 of historical data, Indian relics, fossils, minerals. Mr. Jenkins was a poet, his- 
 torian and antiquarian. 
 
 WILLIAM DRAKE LOOMIS, 
 
 Born in Wilkes-Barre, where Loomis Building now stands, August 18, 1844. 
 Son of ex-Mayor W. W. Loomis. Was educated at the Wyoming Seminary 
 and at the Preparatory School of W. S. Parsons, and is a graduate of Crittenden 
 Commercial College. He is now one of the Diredlors and Secretary of the 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.I.EY. 8i 
 
 Wilkes-Barre Heat, Wght and Motor Company. Served during the War on the 
 United States Gunboat " Granite." He has spent a large amount of money in 
 buildings in the city, having built the store at the corner of Northampton and 
 Washington streets, occupied by Conyngham, Schrage & Company, and the 
 Ivoomis Building on North Main street, and several blocks of tenement houses. 
 
 JAMES L. LENEHAN, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Plymouth, Pennsylvania. Educated in the public schools ; com- 
 pleted his education at the Holy Cross College, Massachusetts. Read law with 
 his brother John T., and was admitted to the Bar of I,uzerne county' in 1879. 
 Eledled District Attorney in 1885. 
 
 GEORGE M. REICHARD 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1834. Graduated from the Dana 
 AcademJ^ Went in the Brewing business with his father. Went out at the 
 ■first call for troops as Captain of Company C, 143d Pennsylvania Infantry ; was 
 promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel; served until the close of the War. Went in 
 partnership with his father and organized the firm of Reichard & Sons; later it 
 •was changed to Reichard & Company. Mr. Reichard has served as a member 
 ■of the City Council. 
 
 GEORGE A. WELLS, 
 
 Eorn at Dandaff, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Resident of Wilkes-Barre 
 since 1865. Engaged in Real Estate,. CoHedlion and Insurance business; resi- 
 dence, 66 South street. Original Secretary of the Wilkes-Barre Board of Trade ; 
 also Secretary of Wyoming Building and Loan Association, No. i and No. 2, 
 for full term of both. Precentor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church for 
 vten years. Treasurer of Wyoming Camp-Ground Association for ten years. 
 
 G. W. ZEIGLER 
 
 Was born in Lambertville, New Jersey, in 1855. Educated in that place. 
 Entered the telegraph office of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Trenton, New Jer- 
 sey; took charge of the distribution of the Company's coal for three divisions of 
 that road, the Belvidere, New York and Amboy divisions; resigned after serving 
 Ihe Company for eleven years. In 1880 became proprietor of the Glenwood 
 House at the Delaware Water Gap, one of the largest hotels in the country. 
 
82 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 In 1886 became proprietor of the Liizerne House in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and under his management it has secured the largest commercial trade 
 of any hotel in the city. Mr. Zeigler holds the position of Volunteer Paymaster 
 in the Ninth Regiment with the rank of Captain. He managed the Band Fair 
 of the Ninth Regiment. A member of the Elks and Royal Society of Good 
 Fellows and a Master Mason. 
 
 ASHER MINER 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, November 4, i860. Son of Hon. 
 Charles A. Miner. Educated at the Wilkes-Barre Academy and at East Hamp- 
 ton, Massachusetts. Diredlor of the Millers' Fire Insurance Company, and has 
 served as Captain of Company D of the Ninth Regiment of the National Guards. 
 
 GEORGE H. FI.ANAGAN, 
 
 Cashier of the Wyoming Bank, was born at Lehman Center, Luzerne county, 
 Pennsylvania, February 4, 1854. Educated in the public schools; spent three 
 years at Wyoming Seminary, and graduated from the Commercial College in 1871. 
 Entered the bank of J. B Wood, Flanagan & Company, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1876 was eledled Cashier of the Ashley Savings Bank, and in 1882 
 Cashier of the Wyoming Bank, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, which position he 
 he now holds. Served as a member of the Town Council of Kingston borough 
 for three years. Mr. Flanagan resides in Kingston. 
 
 GEORGE MORTIMER LEWIS, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Merryal, Bradford county, Pennsylvania. Graduated from La- 
 fayette College in 1873. Studied law with E. P. Darling. Is a member of the 
 Luzerne Bar. Is interested in the Electric Railroads of the valley. 
 
 EUGENE C. FRANK, 
 
 Artist, was born at Stuttgart, Germany. Educated in that city. Studifed art at 
 Munich and Karlsomh. Served in the Russian navy ; came to this country in 
 1861 and served in the Confederate army; came North and became an Engraver 
 for the Heliograph Engraving Company of New York city. Came to Wilkes- 
 Barre in 1868 and edited the Germa7i Republican Co. paper. Later on engaged 
 in the music business. Studied art under A. C. Howland and A. H. Wyant- 
 Went to Munich and studied art under Professor A. Lier and other German 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 83 
 
 masters.. Opened a studio in W'ilkes-Barre after his return. Mr. Frank has 
 traveled extensively, and has paid considerable attention to the study and col- 
 ledling of insects. 
 
 WESLEY ELLSWORTH WOODRUFF 
 
 Was born in Salem, Wayne county, Pennsylvania, in 1865. Son of the Rev. J. 
 O. Woodruff. Graduated at Wyoming Seminary in 1883 and Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity in the class of 1887; received a degree from Wesleyan in 1890 for a 
 special course in history and political science. Served on the Record of the 
 7l!»«« staff from 1887 until i8go, when he left \.\i^ Record on account of night 
 work, when he became City Editor of the Evening Leader. He was during 
 his college days connected with the college publications, and has at various times 
 written for the New York and Philadelphia papers. Mr. Woodruff is an honor 
 to his profession, and has fine literary taste. His account of the Mud Run 
 disaster was an event in journalism. 
 
 Dr. W. S. STEWART 
 
 Was born in Center county, Pennsylvania, in 1855. Educated in the public 
 schools and in the State Normal School ; taught school for several years ; grad- 
 uated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1885. 
 Located in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1884. Member of Luzerne county 
 and State Medical Societies and the Lehigh Valley Medical Society. 
 
 THOMAS H. ATHERTON, 
 
 Born at Wyoming, July 14, 1853. Attended school at Wyoming and Wilkes- 
 Barre until 1870. Entered Princeton University in the fall of 1870, and grad- 
 uated in June, 1864. Entered the law office of Hon. Charles E. Rice in Septem- 
 ber, 1874, and was admitted to the Bar in September, 1876. 
 
 L. E. STEARNS 
 
 Was born in Ohio, Odlober 2, 1845. Removed from there with his parents when 
 four years of age to Binghamton, New York, where he received a good common 
 school education. At the age of nineteen he entered his father's photographic 
 studio as a student, and made such rapid progress in the art that in a few years 
 he was qualified to condudl succe.ssfully the large gallery in Wilkes-Barre that 
 has borne his name for nearly twenty years. He is an elder in the First Pres- 
 
84 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 byterian Church of this city. He has also been an adlive member of the Young 
 Men's Christian 'Association since its organization in Wilkes-Barre, and served 
 one year as President of the Association. Mr. Stearns's gallery is now located 
 in the new and beautiful Osterhout Block, Public square and East Market street. 
 
 W. D. WHITE 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre in 1849 ; son of John White of Ashley. Educated in 
 Ashley and Wilkes-Barre and graduated at Wyoming Commereial College. 
 Kept books for Conyngham & Paine in Ashley. Bought out Millard Cyphers 
 and organized the drug firm of W. D. White & Co. in 1870. Bought out William 
 Tuck in 1877 and conducted both places successfully. Mr. White has the confi- 
 dence of the medical profession and is esteemed as a competent pharmacist. 
 
 FRANK DEITRICK, 
 
 Born in Carbondole, Pennsylvania, April 19, 1867. Removed with his parents 
 to Wilkes-Barre when thirteen years of age. Was educated at Carbondale 
 public Schools. Appointed Assistant City Clerk in 1880; served as such until 
 January, 1887, when he was eledled City Clerk, to fill vacancy caused by resig- 
 nation of J. C. Bell, and has held that position since then. 
 
 WII^LIAM E. DORON 
 
 Was born in Mount Holly, New Jersey, in the year 1843, where he resided until 
 the breaking out of the Rebellion. He was at that time nineteen years of age, 
 and was serving an apprenticeship at ths cabinet-making and undertaking busi- 
 ness with the firm of Thomas F. Keeler & Son. He enlisted in the Twenty- 
 Third New Jersey Infantry and was attached to the First New Jersey Brigade, 
 Sixth Army Corps. His regiment was commanded by Colonel E. Bird Grubb, 
 the present Minister to Spain. After serving out the time of enlistment, he 
 came to Pennsylvania and located in Wilkes-Barre; worked at his trade as cab- 
 inet-maker with Blackman & Eaning, also at the carpenter business. In 1871 
 he went to Plains, in the Company Store, on the river road from Wilkes-Barre 
 to Pittston. After serving as book-keeper for four years with Amsbry & Com- 
 pany, Crane & Ivconard and Tozer, Crane & I^eonard, he started business for 
 himself at Plains, in the furniture and undertaking business, where he was suc- 
 cessful for ten years. During his residence at Plains he was always closely 
 identified with the interests of the town. A member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
THE WYOMING VAI,I.EY. 85 
 
 Church, and for ten successive years Superintendent of its Sunday-School. In 
 1883 he came to Wilkes-Barre, leased the store in the Commercial Block, 25 
 West Market street, where he remained eight years in the undertaking and music 
 business. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the present 
 Commander of Conyngham Post of this city. 
 
 HENRY EVANS, 
 
 Born in Wales, January 6, 1857. Came with his parents to this county the 
 same 5'ear. Was educated in the common schools. Worked in coal breakers 
 and coal mines. Attended night school and graduated in Wyoming Commercial 
 College. Ele(fled County Commissioner in November, 1887, and re-eledled 
 November, 1890. 
 
 C. BEN. JOHNSON 
 
 Was born in Philadelphia in 1846. Was educated at the public schools of that 
 city, Served four years during the Civil War in the 104th Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers and Seventh United States Veteran Volunteers. Entered journalism at 
 the close of the War. Edited the organs of the Miners' Union 1868-75. Came 
 to Wilkes-Barre in the latter year. Was Reading Clerk of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives in 1883, and Secretary of the Board of Trade 1897-91. Member of 
 the House of Representatives in the latter year. During the time not here 
 accounted for, was on the editorial staff of the Wilkes-Barre Leader. 
 
 CYRUS STRAW, 
 
 Born in Hazleton, Luzerne county, Pennsjdvania, Odtober i, 1837. I/ived all 
 his life in this county. Educated at Wyoming Seminary. Eived on a farm. 
 Taught school. Been in the grain and lumber business and taken an adlive 
 part in politics. Served in the War of the Rebellion, Company K, Eighty-First 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers. Wounded at battle of Antietam. Discharged for 
 disability from wound. May, 1863. Eledled Commissioner of Luzerne in 1885, 
 for a period of three years. Always adlive in public school interests. 
 
 D. K. SPRY 
 
 Was born in Honesdale, Pa. Educated in the public schools, and served in the 
 War of the Rebellion in the Pennsylvania Cavalry. Studied pharmacy with D. 
 W. Wells and George Wells of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Was for many 
 
86 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 years the leading druggist of Plymouth, and has been identified with nearly 
 every interest of that place. He is a successful business man and deals largely 
 in real estate. Holds stock in most of our large industries. He resides in 
 Wilkes-Barre at the present time. 
 
 THOMAS SMITH, 
 
 County Commissioner, was born in England. Came to this country in 1863. 
 Followed mining for fifty years. Was an ofl&cer at difierent times in the Miners' 
 Union. Eledled as Commissioner of I^uzerne county in 1891. 
 
 ANDREW R. BACON 
 
 ,Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Educated in Tioga county. Was 
 the boy soprano with the old Hutchison Family (singers). Studied music with 
 the celebrated Barrella of Philadelphia. Established the well known music 
 house in Wilkes-Barre. Was the originator and leader of the Oratorio Society. 
 
 WIIvUAM BURNS DOW 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, January 12, 1850. Son of the late J. 
 B. Dow, a teacher in the valley for half a century. The subjedl of this sketch 
 followed the insurance business in Wilkes-Barre for twenty years, until three 
 years ago, when he became proprietor of the City Steam Laundry, on West 
 Market street, and at the same time having some dealings in the real estate and 
 insurance business. 
 
 GEORGE H. PARRISH 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1820. Educated in that city, and 
 has been connedted with the coal interest of the valley from early life. Was 
 Superintendent of the lyehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company for many years. 
 
 JOSEPH T. McGINTY 
 
 Was born in Durham, England, forty-one years ago. He came, when a boy, to 
 this country, and located with his parents near Hazleton, in this State, where he 
 remained until he was eledled to the office he now enjoys. In 1874 he was 
 chosen School Diredlor, and during one year of the term was Treasurer of the 
 Board. He was eledted Delegate to the Democratic State Convention which was 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^LEY. 87 
 
 held in Harrisburg in 1883, and was again sent by his fellow workingmen to 
 represent them in the National Convention of the Knights of Labor at Hamilton , 
 Canada, in 1885, and also at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1886. In 1886 he was eledled 
 Recorder of Deeds for his adopted county, by an overwhelming majority, and 
 re-ele<3;ed to the same office in 1889, when the rest of the Democratic ticket was 
 defeated. 
 
 ROBERT P. ROBINSON, 
 
 Sheriff of Luzerne county, was born in Fairmount township, Luzerne county, 
 Pennsylvania. Taught school and farmed until 1882, when he was appointed 
 Count J' Auditor by the Court ; served three years, and as Clerk of the County 
 Commissioners five years. Eledted Sheriff of Luzerne county in 1889 by a 
 pluralit)' of 1292 votes — the first Republican Sheriff of Luzerne county. 
 
 EDWARD GUNSTER 
 
 Was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, November 8, i860. Educated in public 
 and private schools and graduated from Nazareth Hall in 1876. Took a special 
 course in accounting in New York city. Took charge of the books of several 
 business houses in Wilkes-Barre, and in 1888 opened an office for type- writing, 
 colledling, accounting and general office work, that has become the leading office 
 in these lines in the State. His present offices are in the Coal Exchange, 
 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 
 
 S. L. HAGENBAUGH, 
 
 Born in Luzerne count5^ Pennsylvania. Educated at the public schools, and at 
 an early age began farming. In 1861 he enlisted in the Seventh Pennsylvania 
 Infantry, and was taken prisoner in May, 1864, and was in Andersonvilie and 
 other Southern prisons for ten months. Mustered out of service in April, 1865. 
 In 1868 he came to Wilkes-Barre, and in 1884 opened an art store in that cit3^ 
 He has the largest and the best trade in the county. He is a member of the 
 Grand Army. 
 
 ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH 
 
 Has had an organized existence of seventy -five years. Rev. Bernard Page, of Eng- 
 land, was the first Protestant Episcopal minister to officiate in this sedlion, 1792. 
 In 18 14 Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, D. D., held services in the old Wilkes-Barre 
 Academy. A charter was applied for and granted on Odlober 7, 18 17, and the 
 
88 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 services of Rev. Richard Sharpe Ward, D. D., were .secured. He was succeeded 
 by Rev. Samuel Phinney. In 1819 Rev. Manning R. Roche became missionary 
 at St. Stephen's, and the Sunday-School was organized by Hon. David Scott, 
 then President Judge of this District (18 18), he being the only male communi- 
 cant of the church. During 1821-22 the services were condudled by a lay mem- 
 ber, Mr. Samuel Bowman. On May 2, 1821, St. Stephen's parish was admitted, 
 to the Convocation of Pennsylvania. In 182 1 the "Old Ship Zion," an old 
 frame building eredled by the contributions of the various church bodies of the 
 town, was sold, and the present site was purchased, and by the aid of Judge 
 Scott a church was eredled, and in 1824 the church was consecrated by Bishop 
 White, Rev. Samuel Sitgrove being the redlor at the time. He was succeeded 
 by Rev. Enoch Huntingdon, who remained until 1826. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. James May, D. D., who remained ten years. In 1836 Dr. McCloskey be- 
 came redlor, and during his ministry Hon. John N. Conyngham and Hon. 
 George W. Woodward were influential communicants. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. William James Clark in 1837, and in 1840 he was succeeded by Rev. Robert 
 Bethel Claxton, S. T. D. He resigned in 1846. Rev. Charles DeKay Cooper 
 served for a few months. The next redlor was Rev. George David Miles, who- 
 served until 1848. In 1853 Bishop Alonzo Potter laid the corner-stone of a new 
 edifice, and was consecrated by Bishop Potter, April 19, 1855. Mr. Miles was 
 succeeded by Rev. Robert Henry Williamson, who remained until 1874. In 
 1874 the Vestry eledled as redlor Rev. Henry I,. Jones, the present incumbent. 
 In 1886 the increased attendance necessitated the enlargement of the building. 
 On the vacant lot in the rear of the church was built a commodious and con- 
 venient parish building. The old tower and the whole front having been torn 
 down, the new front was built up of hard, dark brick, in a style similar to some 
 of the Lombard buildings of Northern Italy. The church has now a seating 
 capacity of over eight hundred. The attractiveness of St. Stephen's has been 
 largely increased by the addition of loving memorials representing many of the 
 leading families of this historic valley. The activity of the parish is sufficiently 
 indicated by the support of six mission chapels, and the interest manifested in 
 all of our local charities. 
 
 " Rbv. HENRY LAWRENCE JONES, M. A. 
 
 Son of the late Rev. Lot Jones, for over thirty-three years redlor of the Church 
 of the Ephiphany, New York city; born may 30, 1839. Was graduated A. B., 
 Columbia College, New York, 1858; A. M., 1861; graduated Virginia Theo- 
 logical Seminary, 1861. Ordained Deacon by Rt. Rev. Horatio C. Potter, D. 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. Sg. 
 
 D., LL-D., May 24, 1861. Priest by same, 1863. After a year passed as assist- 
 ant to his father, he became, in 1863, redlor of Christ Church, Fitchburg, Mas- 
 sachusetts. In 1874 he resigned from Christ Church and accepted St. Stephen's- 
 Church, Wilkes-Barre, where he has been the beloved redlor for over seventeen- 
 years. He has in that time held the highest positions in the ecclesiastical affairs 
 of the Diocese of Central Pennsylvania, that is Examining Chaplain, 1876-80; 
 President N. W. Convocation (now Archdeaconry of Scranton), and member of 
 the Board of Missions, 1876-87, when he refused re-eledlion; Deputy to the 
 General Convention in 1886-91; member of the Standing Committee contiui- 
 uously since 1876. Mr. Jones is one of the Executive Committee of the Ameri- 
 can Church Missionary Society, of which Hon. John N. Conyngham, EE-D., of 
 this city, was long the President. He is also a Trustee of Osterhout Free 
 Library and a Vice-President of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society. 
 He married Miss Sarah Eastman Coffin, of Massachusetts. One of the Bishops 
 who has known Mr. Jones intimately, writes thus of him: " The present Bishop 
 of New York cnce wrote me in a private letter: ' The Rev. Henry L. Jones is a 
 prince among men.' To those who know Mr. Jones this description does not 
 seem extravagant, for in the composition of his charadler there is a remarkable- 
 combination of strength and beauty. Simple and unostentatious in manner, 
 there is yet something in his looks and speech and adlion that suggests a large 
 reserve force, and in his administration of parochial affairs this is more than 
 realized, for he is not only wise in counsel, but possesses exceptional executive 
 gifts. Keeping as he always does his mental and moral equipoise, his judgment 
 is asked by many people in and out of the church, and being both just and gen- 
 erous, he has the confidence of all that know him. As a preacher he is thought- 
 ful and instru(fbive and has a becoming literary style. As a pastor he is sympa- 
 thetic, adtive and unusually self-sacrificing, while as an administrator he has- 
 few peers. The work in St. Stephen's parish has been large and exacfting, but. 
 his success therein has been remarkable. His assistants love him as a brother, 
 and the affedlion for him shown by his parishioners is as unusual as it is delight- 
 ful. He receives and deserves the love of all who know him. 
 
 REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN, M. A., 
 
 Son of Hon. Edwin Parsons Hayden of Maryland; born at Catonsville, Mary- 
 land, February 18, 1837. Educated at St. Timothy's Military Academy, Mary- 
 land, and Kenyon College, Ohio; honorary degree of M. A., Kenyon College, 
 1886. His college course was interrupted by the War between the States, during- 
 which he served as a private in the Confederate States army, 1861-65. Grad- 
 
go REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 uated from the Virginia Theological Seminary in 1867. Ordained Deacon by 
 Rt. Rev. John Johns, D. D., LL.D., who was his cousin, June 26, 1867; Priest 
 by Rt. Rev. F. M. Whittle, D. D., August 7, 1867. Redtor of Christ Church, 
 Point Pleasant, Diocese of Virginia, 1867-73; of St. John's Church, West 
 Brownsville, Pennsylvania, 1873-79; assistant minister of St. Stephen's Church, 
 Wilkes-Barre, since November, 1879. Since 1885 Mr. Hayden has been one of 
 the Examining Chaplains of the Diocese of Central Pennsylvania. He is a 
 member of many historical and scientific societies, and has done something in 
 the field of historic research. He is a member of the Board of Managers of the 
 Pennsylvania Sons of the Revolution, which has about fifty members in the 
 Wyoming Valley. He resides in Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 Rev. JAMES PORTER WARE, B. D., 
 
 Born in Massachusetts, April 6, 1859. Graduated B. L- from Delaware College, 
 Delaware, 1883; B. D., Episcopal Theological Seminary, Cambridge, Massa- 
 chusetts, 1886. Ordained Deacon by Rt. Rev. Thomas M. Clark, D. D., IyL-D., 
 Hhode Island, June 19, 1886; Priest by the same, 1887. Rector at Woburn, 
 Massachusetts, 1886. Manville, Rhode Island, 1887. He became assistant and 
 minister of St. Stephen's Church, Wilkes-Barre ; in charge of St. Peter's, Ply- 
 mouth, 1888. He married, Odtober 12, 1887, Miss Helen E. Story. He resides 
 in Plymouth. 
 
 Rev. DANIEL WEBSTER COXE, D. D., 
 
 ■Graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio; A. B., 1885; A. M., 1868. Honorary 
 degree of D. D., Chicago Lit. College, 1884. Ordained Deacon by Rt. Rev. 
 Thomas H. Vail, D. D., LL-D., July 19, 1868; Priest by same, 1869. He was 
 redtor of various parishes in Kansas, under Bishop Vail, until 1880. Redtor at 
 Tremont, Ohio, 1880-85, and West Pittston, Pennsylvania, 1885-89. In 1889 
 he became assistant minister of St. Stephen's Church, Wilkes-Barre, at Alden 
 and Nanticoke. He is Secretary of the Archdeaconry of Scranton. Is married 
 and has three children. He resides at Alden. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 The first Methodist itinerant in the valley was Rev. Nathaniel R. Mills, 
 although Anning Owen, a blacksmith, had been licensed to exhort and had 
 formed Methodist classes. George Peck was the first Methodist minister sta- 
 tioned at Wilkes-Barre (1826), and a large ofiice-room in the old Court-House 
 
, THE WYOMING VALLEY. 91 
 
 was rented for ten years at a yearly rental of ten cents. In 1829 Wilkes-Barre 
 became a Conference appointment, and in 1831 the Methodists became the pro- 
 prietors of the old church by purchasing from the Presbyterians the property for 
 $1,000. The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Wilkes-Barre was formally 
 organized in 1830, and Rev. Charles Nash was preacher in charge. In 1836 
 Ziba Bennett presented the organization a lot on North Franklin street, and the 
 old church on the Square was sold and a new church was dedicated in 1846, 
 which cost $8,200. The elegant edifice that now occupies the site was dedica- 
 ted by Bishop Foster, October 4, 1885, and is one of the finest church edifices in 
 our State, costing $75,000, with a seating capacity of one thousand three hun- 
 dred. The organ, costing $4,800, was the gift of Mrs. Priscilla Bennett. 
 
 REV. JOHN RICHARD BOYLE, D. D. 
 
 The present pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Wilkes-Barre 
 is the Rev. John Richards Boyle, D. D., who succeeded to its pulpit in Decem- 
 ber, 1890. Dr. Boyle is the son of a Methodist Minister, the Rev. John A. 
 Boyle, and was born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1844. He was educated in the 
 public schools of that city, and under private instrudlion. He also learned the 
 printer's trade, and in early life was for several years a newspaper editor. En- 
 listing in the iiith Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, in September, 1861, he 
 served through the Civil War, in several grades, as an officer both of the line 
 and staff. His final military rank was Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, to 
 which position he was appointed by President Lincoln, and in it he was attached 
 to the stafis of Generals Logan and Hazen. He was slightly wounded at the 
 battle of Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864, and was honorably mustered 
 out of service, March 20, 1866. He was prepared for the ministry in 1869 and 
 1870, and entered the Philadelphia Annual Conference of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church in March, 1871. Since then he has successively been a member of 
 the Wilmington, Newark, New York and Wyoming Conferences, and has been 
 pastor of several of the .leading churches of the denomination. In 1880 the 
 honorary degree of A. M., and in 1885 that of D. D., were conferred upon him 
 by Dickinson College. 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The first efforts to establish religious worship in this valley were by the Pres- 
 byterians and Baptists following the Moravian missionaries. The first church 
 was located on the Square and completed in 18 10. The first minister that was 
 
92 REPRKSKNTATIVE MEN. 
 
 stationed here was Rev. Jacob Johnson, a Congregationalist. In 1803 the 
 organization of the Presbyterian church was completed. The pastors were 
 Jabez Chadwick, James W. Woodworth, Cyrus Gildersleeve, Nicholas Murray. 
 Up to this time the church had been part congregational (1833). In 1853 Rev. 
 John Dorrance, D. D., was installed. He was succeeded by Rev. A. A. Hodge, 
 D. D., and him by Rev. S. B. Dodd. In 1868 the present pastor, F. B. 
 Hodge, D. D., began his pastorate. The magnificent church in which the con- 
 now worships was completed in 1889, and cost $170,000, and has a seating 
 capacity of one thousand one hundred. 
 
 F. B. HODGE, D. D., 
 
 Was a graduate from Princeton College in 1859, and from Princeton Theological 
 Seminary in 1862. He was ordained May 9, 1863, and installed pastor of the 
 Presbyterian Church of Oxford, Pennsylvania. Called to the First Presbyterian 
 Church, of Wilkes-Barre. In 1863 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity 
 from Princeton College, of which institution he is a Trustee, having succeeded 
 his brother, the late A. A. Hodge, D. D. Dr. Hodge is one of the leading: 
 ministers in the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 MEMORIAL CHURCH ' 
 
 Is a branch of the First Presbyterian Church of this city (Wilkes-Barre). It 
 was eredted by Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Wadhams, in memory of their three chil- 
 dren who were victims of scarlet fever, in the winter of 1871. At the laying of 
 the corner-stone, July 20, 1872, a paper prepared by Mr. Wadhams and signed 
 by himself and wife, was read, in which the following lines were written: 
 " These children were not permitted to live long enough to exert much influence 
 for good in the world. We therefore desire to enlarge that influence by ere(5ting 
 this edifice for the worship of God. We feel that as our children can no more 
 speak for Jesus here, they may have a representative to do it for them ; and as 
 they cannot go about doing good, the money that would have been theirs may 
 be profitably spent in getting others to go about doing good for them." While 
 waiting for the completion of the building, the arrangements for the organiza- 
 tion of a church were made by application to the Lackawanna Presbytery and 
 the request was granted. This beautiful edifice, built of Campbell's Ledge 
 stone and delightfully situated, was publicly dedicated to the worship of God, 
 Wednesday, April 8, 1874. Rev. W. H. Swift was its beloved and successful 
 
THE WYOMING VALI^EY. 93 
 
 pastor for ten years, when he accepted a call to the church in Honesdale, Penn- 
 sylvania. Rev. C. R. Gregory was installed November 12, 1884. 
 
 REV. CASPER R. GREGORY 
 
 Was born at Oneida, New York, Nov. 13, 1859. Graduated from Princeton 
 College and Lincoln College, Oxford, Pennsylvania. Mr. Gregory came to the 
 Memorial Church of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1884, and served his charge 
 acceptably until his death, December 2, 1891. 
 
 ST. MARY'S ROMAN CATHOtiC CHURCH. 
 
 The first church was organized in Wilkes-Barre in 1846, by Rev. Father Fitz- 
 simmons, who attended it from a distance. It was a small frame church that 
 stood on Canal street, and was abandoned on the construction of the little brick 
 church which is now occupied as a parochial school. The present St. Mary's 
 was built by the late lamented Father O'Haran. 
 
 Rev. D. O'HARAN 
 
 Was born in the County of Fermaugh, Ireland. Prepared for College in his 
 native town. Came to the United States, and entering St. Charles Borromeo 
 Seminary, Overbrook, near Philadelphia, completed his education. Ordained 
 at twenty-three years of age. Served at Easton for several years. Pastor of St. 
 Paul's Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and then came to Wilkes-Barre in 
 1868. He died September 28, 1889, in his fifty-eighth year. 
 
 FATHER McANDREW 
 
 Was educated at the Holy Cross College, Worcester, Massachusetts, and at the 
 Theological Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, at Overbrook, and ordained by 
 Bishop O'Hara in 1877. Redtor in Scranton for ten years, and had charge of 
 St. John's Church, that city. Came to Wilkes-Barre in 1889, as pastor of St. 
 Mary's Church. 
 
 JOHN W. HOIvLENBACK, 
 
 Son of Charles F. and Ellen J. Welles, daughter of Matthias Hollenback of 
 Wilkes-Barre, was born in Wyalusing, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, March 
 15, 1827. He came to Wilkes-Barre in 1862, and his family moved into 
 
94 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 the old Hollenback homestead in 1863, on the corner of River and West 
 Market street, now occupied by one of the finest, if not the finest, blocks in 
 Northeastern Pennsylvania (erecfled by Mr. Hollenback). He has been asso- 
 ciated with many large corporations. One of the principal stockholders of the 
 Bridge Company. A member of the Board of Trustees and a liberal contributor 
 of Eafayette College for many years, He has given liberally to many institu- 
 tions as well as churches and private benevolences. President of the Hollenback 
 Cemetery Association, President and promoter of the new bridge. President of 
 the People's Bank since the death of R. J. Flick. 
 
 HOLLENBACK. 
 
 The family by this name is well ascertained to have no connedlon with the 
 large and widely extended family which emigrated from Holland during the 
 Dutch occupation of New York, and whose patronymic has suffered so many 
 changes, being variously spelled Hollenbeck, Hallenbeck, Haulenbeek, Hallem- 
 baek, etc., and occasionally Hollenback. The Wilkes-Barre family of this 
 name is descended from George Hollenbach (the original and proper spelling of 
 the name), who emigrated from the German Kingdom of Wurtemberg about the 
 year 1717, and settled in the township of Hanover, then Philadelphia, now 
 Montgomery county. He died in the year 1736; and from his will and inven- 
 tory, still on file among the records of the Register of Wills in Philadelphia, we 
 learn that by occupation he was a blacksmith and "Inn-hoolder," and that by 
 habits of thrift and industry his family of four children were left in very 
 comfortable circumstances. 
 
 From Matthias, his eldest son, is descended a very large family, but only in 
 the female line, the late Governor Hartranft being his great-great-grandson, 
 through his daughter Mary Magdalena, who married George Dieter Bucher. 
 
 From George, the youngest son of the original George, is supposed 'to be 
 descended a large family in Berks and the adjoining counties; but the links of 
 descent have not been traced in this connedlion. 
 
 John Hollenback, the second son of the original immigrant, removed from his 
 birthplace in Montgomery county to the Lebanon Valley, then Lancaster county, 
 as early as 1750, settling in Lebanon township, not far from Jonestown. By his 
 wife, Eleanor Jones, he had children: (i) George, married Hannah Barton, and 
 had eleven children, who, all but one, settled in the Western States. From this 
 George are descended Charles W. Hollenback, Mrs. Jerome G. Miller and Mrs. 
 Edward Welles, all of Wilkes-Barre ; (2) Jane, married David Hunter, Virginia; 
 (3) Matthias, otherwise known as Judge Hollenback, whose children were Mrs. 
 
THE WYOMING VAIvIvEY. 95 
 
 Mary Ann Laning, Mrs. Charles F. Welles, Mrs. Jacob Cist (afterwards Mrs. 
 Chester Butler), and the late George M. Hollenback, Esq., of Wilkes-Barrer 
 (4) John, of Mill Creek, great-grandfather of the late John M. Hollenback of 
 Mill Creek and. Wilkes-Barre ; (5) Mary Ann, who was keeping house for her 
 brother Matthias before the battle of Wyoming, and who escaped to Virginia on 
 horseback, and there married William Cherry. She is the ancestress of a very 
 numerous family, scattered over many of the Western States. 
 
 Matthias Hollenback, well known for sixty years in the history of Wyoming 
 Valley, was only seventeen years of age when he came here from the Lebanon 
 Valley in the year 1769, and took a share in the township of Hanover, under 
 the Connedticut claim. His sum-total of educational advantages was comprised 
 in a course of jSve or six weeks at one of the country schools of that period. 
 Being a born man of business, he at once entered into merchandise in a small 
 way, at first within the walls of a stockade at or near the mouth of Mill Creek. 
 During the Revolutionary War he er listed in one of the two companies raised 
 at Wyoming for frontier defense, and which were afterwards drawn into the 
 service of the Continental army, his commission from Congress being as Ensign, 
 dated August 26, 1776. During the campaign of 1777 he served at various 
 engagements in New Jersey, in particular at the battles of Elizabethtown and 
 Monmouth. When the rumors of the invasion of Wyoming by the Tories and 
 Indians under Colonel John Butler became alarming, and Congress was unable 
 to afford protedtion, many of the Wyoming settlers in the Continental service 
 were allowed to return home for defense. Hollenback was one of the number, 
 and served as Ensign, with the good fortune to escape with his life by swimming 
 the river near Monockonock island. On the following day, July 4, 1778, having 
 hurried off during the night to meet Captain Spalding, who was on the way to 
 Wyoming with reinforcements, he saw from the top of the Wilkes-Barre moun- 
 tain his own house and store in flames, and had to abandon the idea of trying to 
 save anything out of the general wreck. His trading interests had been carried 
 on during his service in the army by his younger brother John; and there is in 
 existence an inventory of the losses of the firm through the invasion of Butler, 
 amounting to ^671 3s. The books of the firm of Matthias and John Hollenback 
 are still in existence, having been sent down the river in a boat previous to the 
 battle. 
 
 Matthias Hollenback' s earliest commissions in the civil service are dated May 
 1 1 , 1787, one being as Justice of the Peace and the other as Justice of the County 
 Court of Common Pleas, or "Justice of the Quorum." These are signed by 
 Benjamin Franklin, President of the Supreme Executive Council. On the 17th 
 August, 1791, he was commissioned as Associate Judge, a position which he 
 
"96 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 filled until his death in 1829. He was also several times commissioned as I^ieut- 
 enant-Colonel of the Militia, both by Franklin and Governor Mifflin. 
 
 During his long business life, Colonel Hollenback stood easily at the head of 
 business in this frontier neighborhood, his operations extending far and wide, 
 through the Susquehanna Valley and reaching far into the State of New York. 
 He established trading posts at several points in the Wyoming Valley, at Wya- 
 lusing, Wysox and Tioga Point, in what is now Bradford count^^ and also at 
 Newtown (now called Elmira), New York. And along with trade went the 
 acquirement of farming or timber lands, and the manufadture of flour, lumber, 
 distilled liquors, paper, 'etc., in the prosecution of which numerous industries he 
 displayed an energy and untiring industry that has few parallels at the present 
 time. The season of the year and the condition of the weather or roads were 
 not fadlors in determining any question of duty. Early and late, in heat and 
 frost, rain or snow, he was always at the post of duty, until nature gave out 
 and the time came to rest from his labors. Says Dr. Egle, in his History of 
 Pennsylvania: "He made many toilsome journeys on horseback through the 
 wilderness to points as widely apart as Philadelphia and Niagara, encountering 
 countless perils and hardships. Through all these experiences, in peace and 
 war, he showed unfaltering bravery and sound judgment. On February 18, 
 1829, he died. His only son. Colonel George M. Hollenback, inherited his 
 father's positive qualities, and was successful in developing the family estate and 
 amassing great wealth." 
 
 Of this son. Colonel George M. Hollenback, it may be said that his lines were 
 cast in pleasanter places. Born to the possession of competence, and flourishing 
 in times of comparative luxury and refinement, he was not forced to endure 
 such fatigues and privations as were the lot of his ancestors. Yet he did not 
 atft upon the conclusion that the goods of life were safely his, and that he had 
 naught to do but enjoy them. On the contrary, he took up the burdens of life 
 long before his honored sire had laid them down ; and through a business career 
 of about the same duration, he was hardly less assiduous and untiring than had 
 been the parent to whom he owed his start in life. His concerns, if less ex- 
 tended, were even larger in mass than those of his father, and were condudled 
 with the same careful prudence, judgment and energy that' made the career of 
 Matthias Hollenback so memorable. He began his business life at the corner of 
 ^iver and Market streets, Wilkes-Barre, about the year 1816, which was also 
 the year of his marriage to Miss Emily I^indsley. This was the theater of most 
 of his business achievements; but he had other establishments for business, and 
 his operations were everywhere upon a generous scale. Among his business 
 associates were such well-known and honored names as Bennett, Butler, Reets, 
 
THK WYOMING VAI^IvEY. 97 
 
 T'lick, Sterling, Arnot of Elmira, etc. For many years he was at the head 
 -of business affairs in the Wyoming Valley, as his father had been before 
 him. Prompt and accurate in all his dealings, he expected the same qualities 
 in all his associates and employes, and nothing vexed him more than any care- 
 less derelidlion of duty or disposition to waste. Ever faithful to his friends, he 
 uever forgave an adl of treachery; and being once deceived, his confidence was 
 "•one forever. His dignified walk, his courteous salutation, his deference to age 
 and worth, without regard to station, are all memories still among many friends 
 and acquaintances who knew him in life, and who still survive. Born August 
 II, 1791, after a busy and useful life of seventy -five years he died suddenly of 
 Tieart disease, in full harness, and in the full possession of his faculties, Novem- 
 ber 7, 1866, leaving a second wife, but nochildren to follow him to his rest in the 
 "beautiful cemetery of which he was the founder; and leaving, moreover, the 
 memory of an honorable name, and a character without reproach. 
 
 JOHN B. REYNOLDS 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, August 5', 1850. Educated at Wyo- 
 ming Seminary and Lafayette College. Admitted to the. Luzerne Bar in 1875. 
 ^uilt the North street iron bridge across the Susquehanna above Wilkes-Barre, 
 and opened it in 1878. Organized and built the West Side eledlric road. Ran 
 for Congress in 1890, but was defeated. 
 
 ROBERT BAUER, 
 
 Publisher of the Democratic Wackier, was born in Germany in 1825, and came 
 to the United States in 1848. 
 
 ADOLPH BAU:^R, 
 
 Son of Robert BauSr, born and educated in Wilkes-Barre, and is a partner with 
 his father in the printing business. They have one of the best equipped printing 
 offices in this sedlion. Mr. Baulr is well known as a singer. 
 
 SAMUEL HOYT, 
 
 Son of Elias and Mary Weston Hoyt, was born in Kingston, Luzerne county, 
 Pennsylvania, November 2, 1815, and died Odlober 7, 1875 ; buried at Forty 
 Fort cemetery. Mr. Hoyt was a cousin of ex-Governor Hoyt. Mr. Hoyt was 
 regarded as one of the solid men of the Wyoming Valley. After completing his 
 
98 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 studies, he assisted his father as county surveyor and continued in this line for 
 many years. This work made him familiar with the properties and industrial 
 interests of Luzerne county, so that he became an authority as to title and own- 
 ership, both of surface and coal lands. He became identified with coal interests 
 and railroads, and was intimately associated in these with Mr. Abram Nesbitt. 
 His name and life are interwoven with the history and prosperity of Kingston 
 and the Wyoming Valley. Mr. Hoyt was a man of strong convictions in poli- 
 tics as well as business, but his modesty forbade any proclamation of them. 
 
 THOMAS R. MARTIN, ESQ. 
 
 Educated at Mercersburg, Franklin and Marshall College, and graduated in 
 1874. Began pradlicing law in Wilkes-Barre in 1876. He was a candidate for 
 nomination for Congress and for Distridl Attorney of Luzerne county. Mr. 
 Martin's office is at 14 South Franklin street. 
 
 CHARLES F. COOK, 
 
 The oldest Photographer in Wilkes-Barre, was born in Newburg, New York, in 
 1834. He served in the War of the Rebellion. - 
 
 W. P. RYMAN, Esq., 
 
 Was born at Dallas, Luzerne count5s Pennsylvania, August 23, 1847. Was 
 educated at the common schools in Dallas, at Wyoming Seminary and at Cornell 
 University, from which last named institution he is a graduate of the class of 
 1 87 1. He also took a post graduate course in law at the Harvard University 
 Law School in the years 1871-72, and was admitted to the Luzerne County Bar 
 September 20, 1873, since which time he has continued adtively engaged in the 
 pradlice of law at Wilkes-Barre. Though a pronounced Republican in politics,, 
 he has never sought or received any political ofiice. He is identified with and 
 interested in several important business enterprises in this city and elsewhere. 
 He was the original promoter of the organizations which led to the first intro- 
 dudlion of the telephone and eledtric light in the city of Wilkes-Barre. He was 
 married in December, 1879, at Freeport, Illinois, to Miss Charlotte M. Rose, 
 daughter of George P. Rose, now of Funton, Michigan, a native of New York 
 State, and descendant of Dr. Rose of Binghamton, New York, for whom the 
 town of Montrose, Pennsylvania, was named. Charlotte M. Rose was educated 
 at. Dansville and Elmira, New York, and at Packer Institute, Brooklyn, New 
 
THE WYOMING VAI,I,EY. 99 
 
 York. They have two children, Roselys and Emily, both of whom are attend- 
 ing Miss Rockwell's School on Franklin street in Wilkes-Barre. The subjedl 
 of this sketch is a descendant of German ancestry. His great-grandfather, 
 George Ryman, a native of Warnebrum, Prussia, came to America in the year 
 1750, and settled in New Jersey, near Easton, Pennsylvania. His wife was 
 Katherine Matley, by whom he had five children. Of these, Peter, the grand- 
 father of W. P. Ryman, was born in the year 1776. He was married to Mary 
 Sweazy, daughter of Richard Sweazy, and lived near Hope, New Jersey, for 
 several years, where five of his children were born. In 1812 he moved to Dallas, 
 IvUzerne county, Pennsylvania, where he bought and settled on the farm which 
 is still in the possession and ownership of his descendants. Here three more 
 children were born, of whom Abram Ryman, the father of the subjecft of this 
 sketch, was one. He was born August 21, 1817, and at the age of .seventeen 
 started in an adtive business career as lumberman and merchant, which continued 
 without interruption for about forty years. He was a man of spotless integrity 
 and was identified with every progressive enterprise of his time and vic^^itJ^ 
 He possessed a mavelous business energy that never failed him until the final 
 breaking up, just prior to his death in 1873. He established the firm of A. 
 Ryman & Sons, which is still carried on in the old name by those of his children 
 who are the present members thereof He left children — Mary E., now inter- 
 married with C. M. Maxwell of the city of New York ; Theodore F. Ryman, 
 now living in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and head of the firm of A. Ryman & 
 Sons of Wilkes-Barre and Dallas; W. P. Ryman, Ruth E. Ryman and I^eslie S. 
 Ryman of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; John P. Ryman of Dallas, Pennsylvania, 
 and Fred. S. Ryman of Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 IvEWIS H. TAYLOR, M. D., 
 
 Born at Taylorsville, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1850. Received 
 preliminary education in the common schools. Graduated at Millersville State 
 Normal Sohool in July, 1871, having previously taught two terms in the school 
 which in boyhood he attended. Began teaching in Wilkes-Barre, as Principal 
 of Franklin Grammar School, in September,, 1S71, which position he held till 
 1874, when he was eledted Principal of the High School. Remained in this 
 position till 1877, when he withdrew to begin the study of medicine. Graduated 
 at the "University of Pennsylvania in 1880, and took a post graduate course in 
 diseases of the eye and ear. Settled in Wilkes-Barre in 1880, where he has since 
 pradticed continuously with the exception of seven months spent in special study 
 in Europe. Married in June, 1884, to Emily B. HoUenback. Two children. 
 
loo REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 Has been Medical Inspedtor for the State Board of Health since 1885. One of 
 the attending physicians of the Wilkes-Barre City Hospital since 1884, and now 
 ophthalmologist to the same. Received the honorary degree of A. M. from 
 Lafayette College in 1891. Member of the American Medical Association, 
 Pennsylvania State Medical Society, Lehigh Valley Medical Association, Lu- 
 zerne County Medical Society, Philadelphia Pathological Society^ American 
 Ophthalmological Society. Trustee of Osterhout Library, Wyoming Seminary 
 and of Wyoming Historical and Geological Society. 
 
 NATHANIEL RUTTER. 
 
 The subjedt of this sketch, was born at Pequea Valley, Lancaster county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in November, 1806, and is now in his eighty-sixth year. His father, 
 Adam Rutter.died when he was four years of age, leaving his mother in humble 
 circumstances and with several young children to provide for. ' Mr. Rutter 
 spent the first ten years of his life on a farm. At ten years of age he went into 
 a store at Columbia, Pennsylvania, to clerk. At the age of nineteen (1825), 
 he came to Wilkes-Barre, and was given a position in Matthias Hollenback's 
 office, which still stands on South Main street nearly opposite the Judge Ross 
 mansion. Mr. Rutter afterward clerked for Ziba Bennett, and was a partner of 
 the firm of HafiF, Rutter & Scott. In 1833 he entered into partnership with 
 George M. Hollenback, and in 1846 dissolved the same, he taking possession of 
 the store corner Market and Franklin streets, up to 1888, when he sold out to 
 Dodge & Speer. Mr. Rutter is a man of remarkable, regular, temperate and 
 industrious habits, and far more robust and adlive than many men at fifty. He 
 was a member of the Borough and City Councils for years, and is an honored 
 member of the Presbyterian Church, and President of the Miners' Savings Bank. 
 When he arrived in Wilkes-Barre, it was not more than a country village and 
 contained but a few hundred persons ; and it must be more than gratifying for 
 him to note the different changes that have been wrought in the mode of steam 
 engineering, eledlricity, and improvements in the Nineteenth Century. 
 
 Hon. ELIJ-iH CATLIN WADHAMS, 
 
 Born at Plymouth, Pennsylvania, July 17, 1825. Was educated at Dana College, 
 Wilkes-Barre, Dickinson College, and the University of the City of New York, 
 graduating from the latter institution in 1847. From this time until 1873 h^ 
 lived in Plymouth, engaging in commercial pursuits and in mining and shipping 
 coal. He was Justice of the Peace for twenty years and Burgess for seven years. 
 
THE WYOMING VAIvI.EY. loi 
 
 In 1873 he moved to Wilkes-Barre. He was for many years a Diredlor of the 
 Wyoming National Bank, and at the time of his death, January 18, 1889, was 
 President of the First National Bank of Wilkes-Barre. In 1876 he was eledled 
 to the Senate of Pennsylvania and was highly praised for the work he did while 
 a member of that body. He was also a prominent Mason, being one of the 
 charter members of Plymouth I^odge. Hon. E. C. Wadhams combined a liberal 
 education and culture with a high standard of manhood, tempered with that 
 essential fa<ftor, common sense. He was respedled by all for his integrity, his 
 Christian faith and his earnest and successful work in the church with which he 
 was identified. 
 
 GEORGE W. GUTHRIE, M. D., 
 
 Was born at Guthrieville, Chester county, Pennsylvania, on the 28th of Jan- 
 uary, 1845. Educated in the public schools and at Millersville State Normal 
 School. Studied medicine under the care and diredlion of Dr. Edward R. Mayer 
 and attended ledlures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, and the 
 University of Pennsylvania. Diploma from the latter institution bears date of 
 March 13, 1873. Eocated for the pradlice of medicine in Wilkes-Barre June 13, 
 1873. Member of the Luzerne County ' Medical Society and of the Medical 
 Society of the State of Pennsylvania. One of the attending physicians of the 
 Wilkes-Barre City Hospital. For thirteen years was a member of the School 
 Board of the old Third Distridl ; at present a member of the Consolidated Board 
 of Six. 
 
 H. HARRISON HARVEY 
 
 Was born in Plymouth, Pennsylvania, in the year 1840. He entered school in 
 Middletown, Connedlicut; afterward attended Edge Hill School in Princeton, 
 New Jersey, and finished his education at Franklin and Marshall College, Lan- 
 caster, Pennsylvania. He was called home in the beginning of his senior year 
 to assume the duties as Manager of the Harvey Mines at Nanticoke, to take the 
 place of his brother, who had enlisted in the army. In the year 1863 the firm 
 of Harvey Brothers (composed oO. and H. H. Harvey) was formed for the pur- 
 pose of mining and shipping coal from the Harvey Mines, one of the oldest 
 mines in the valley. This business was continued until 1872, when the mine 
 was sold to the Susquehanna Coal Company. The firm was also engaged in the 
 lumber bu.siness, and continued in that until i886, when thev sold out their 
 mills and timber land. Real Estate was also carried along with their other 
 interests, and eventually it developed to such an extent that they are 
 
I02 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 now probably, outside of the coal corporations, the largest owners of tenement 
 houses in the valley. H. H. Harvey has the supervision of all the real estate 
 connedted with the firm, and he is also identified with many other enterprises 
 and corporations. He is very largely interested in the Wilkes-Barre and "Wyo- 
 ming Valley Tradtion Companj^ a I^ife Member and Trustee of the Wyoming 
 Historical and Geological Society, and a Diredtor in the following corporations: 
 Wilkes-Barre Ele(5tric I^ight Compan5^ Wyoming Valley Ice Company, First 
 National Bank of Plymouth, Plymouth Water Company, Plymouth Light, Heat 
 and Power Company, Hunlock's Creek and Muhlenburg Turnpike Company, 
 etc. Mr. Harvey takes great interest in blooded stock and owns some of the 
 finest trotting-bred stock of horses in the State. He is- President of the Horse 
 Breeders' Association of Eastern Pennsylvania, and has done much to promote 
 its welfare. 
 
 SELIGMAN J. STRAUSjE, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Graduated from the College of New 
 York city. Studied law with H. W. Palmer, Esq., of Wilkes-Barre, and was 
 admitted to the Euzerne Bar in 1875. 
 
 FRANCIS M. NICHOLS, Esq., 
 
 Born at Smithfield, Pennsylvania. Educated in the State University of Kansas. 
 Admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1873. Filled the position of Distridt Attorney 
 by appointment, 1879. Mr. Nichols is well known as a man of fine literary 
 taste. Eledled Mayor of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1892. 
 
 GEORGE LOVELAND, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Kingston, November 5, 1823. Educated at the Dana Academy, 
 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and Lafayette College. Studied law with General 
 E. W. Sturdevant, and was admitted to the Bar of Luzerne county in 1848. 
 
 JOHN LANING 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 0(5tober 7, 1836. His father was A. 
 C. Laning and mother Amanda E. Laning, now deceased. His education was 
 received at the old Academy on the Public Square, Wilkes-Barre, preparatory to 
 his entering Lafayette College in 1854. After a three years' course at that 
 institution he entered Union College at Schenedtady, New York, and graduated 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^IvEY. 103 
 
 from the latter in 1858. Immediately following his graduation he was employed 
 as draftsman and afterward as book-keeper for lyaning & Marshall at their 
 machine shop on Canal street, now the Dickson Manufadturing Company. He 
 was a member of the Town Council the year Wilkes-Barre became a city. On 
 the 19th of September, 1865, he was married to Helen C. Brower, in New York 
 city. From i856 to 1879 he was engaged in the lumber business, running a 
 planing mill in connedlion with his lumber yard. In 1880 he became Superin- 
 tendent of the Hollenback Coal Company, and held that position until 1887, 
 when he retired from adlive business life. He has been conspicuous in improv- 
 ing the city of Wilkes-Barre, notably, in eredling the leaning Building. He is 
 a Diredlor in the Miners' Savings Bank, the Wilkes-Barre Bridge Company and 
 the Wilkes-Barre and Kingston Street Railroad. 
 
 FRED. AHIvBORN 
 
 Was born in the kingdom of Bavaria. Educated in the government schools. 
 Came to this country in 1851, and engaged in the manufadluring business in 
 Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Came to Wilkes-Barre in 1859, and engaged in the 
 manufadlure of soap. In 1871 established a meat business that has become the 
 largest in this sedtion. 
 
 D. O. COUGHLIN, Esq., 
 
 The.subjedl of this sketch, is a native of I,uzerne county. He is what is called 
 a self-educated man; that is, he was not sent to school, but went to school, and 
 paid his own way. He was for several years a teacher in both public and 
 private schools. He was principal of the New Columbus Male and Female 
 Academy five j^ears. Subsequently he attended the National School of Oratory 
 in Philadelphia, and later entered as a law student in the office of A. Ricketts. 
 In 1882 he was admitted to the L,uzerne County Bar. He completed the course 
 of instrudlion in the Valparaiso Law School and was graduated with honors in 
 1884. Married soon after and took up his. residence in Euzerne, Pennsylvania. 
 Since that time he has been pradlicing law in this county. He served as Deputy 
 Revenue Colledtor four years under Cleveland's administration, and filled the 
 position with credit to himself and satisfadlion to his superiors. 
 
 C. B. SUTTON, 
 
 Was born in Exeter township, lyUzerne county, on the 9th day of July, 1830. 
 Was the son of Samuel Sutton, who was drowned in the Susquehanna river in 
 
I04 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 1842. Removed from Exeter to Kingston in f846. Attended school at Wyo- 
 ming Seminary during the years of 1848-9-50. Removed to Wilkes-Barre in 
 1853. Was clerk in his brother's store on North Main street until 1861, when 
 he enlisted int he band of the Fifty-Second Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 under Colonel Henry M. Hoyt. After retiring from the army, was clerk for his 
 brother for several years. Was eledled Alderman of the Twelfth Ward of the 
 citj"- in 1874; re-ele(5led in 1879 and 1884. Was eledled Mayor of the city in 
 1886, against seven other competitors; was re-eledled in 1889, running as an 
 independent candidate against ex-Sheriff William O'Malley, Democratic candi- 
 date, and Colonel B. F. Stark, Republican candidate, and received seventy-one 
 votes as many as the two other candidates together. 
 
 SAMUEL S. JONES 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Educated in the public schools. 
 Entered the store of T. H. Jones of Scranton, Pennsylvania, and later the drug- 
 store of Millard Cyphers of Wilkes-Barre. Graduated in 1886 from the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy. Is at the present time partner of Nat. Wolf in 
 the only wholesale drug house in this sedtion. 
 
 WII^IvIAM J. HARVEY 
 
 Was born in Plymouth, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1838. Educated at Wyo- 
 ming Seminary and Princeton College. Served in the late War in the Seventh 
 Regular Pennsylvania Reserves. President and Manager for many years of the 
 Kingston and Wilkes-Barre Street Railroad; President of the West Side Driving 
 Park; President of the Wyoming Valley I,ace Mills; Diredlor of the Miners' 
 Savings Bank; member of the firm of Harvey Brothers, lumber and real estate. 
 
 J. W. RAEDER 
 
 Was born Noveml'.er 8, 1858, at White Haven. His parents came to Wilkes- 
 Barre when he was but six months of age. When but seven years of age his 
 father died, leaving him the oldest of four children. From that moment the 
 struggle of life began. He will be recalled as the boy who could be seen on our 
 streets every morning with his cronk beer hand- wagon, as it was in this way 
 that he and his mother supported the family for a number of years. Various 
 occupations were followed until he became fourteen years old, when he started 
 out in the old Record of the Times Bindery, Odtober 21, 1872, as an apprentice. 
 April 6, 1881, he started in for himself, employing but two hands. To-day he 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 105 
 
 has the largest plant outside of the larger cities, employing twenty-four hands. 
 His specialty is blank books of every description. He is the Recording Secre- 
 tary of the Young Men's Christian As.sociation, Secretary of the First Presbyte- 
 rian Sunday-School and a member of various other organizations. 
 
 MOSES H. BURGUNDER 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1854. Educated in the public 
 schools and Wyoming Seminary. Manager of Music Hall, Wilkes-Barre- 
 Scranton Academy of Music, and the Halls of Hazleton, Reading, Allentown 
 and Williamsport. 
 
 G. TAYLOR GRIFFIN, 
 
 Born at Moscow, Pennsylvania. His .school days were passed at Meshoppen,. 
 Pennsylvania. Commenced photography at Meshoppen ; opened a gallery at 
 Tunkhannock; came from there to Wilkes-Barre, and from there to Pittston, and 
 in May, 1890, established with C. F. Colburn the well-known gallery, 117 
 Public Square, Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 CHARLES H. JACOBS, 
 
 Secretary of the Republican County Committee, is one of the be,st known young 
 men in politics in Luzerne county, having been Secretary of the Third Legisla- 
 tive District for four years, becoming Assistant Secretary of the County Com- 
 mittee in 1888 and Secretary in 1891. Mr. Jacobs was born in New York city 
 January 13, 1862, coming to Wilkes-Barre with his parents in 1867, and going- 
 thence to Plymouth in 1879, where he joined his father in the merchant tailor- 
 ing business, being a cutter by profession. He is a self-made young man, 
 having attended the public schools of Wilkes-Barre. Mr. Jacobs is very popular 
 with the young men, being an enthusiast in all things athletic, military and 
 theatrical. He was eledled President of the Central Pennsylvania Rowing Asso- 
 ciation at Sunbury in 1891 ; Sergeant of Company I, Ninth Regiment N. G. P.,. 
 since its organization, and being Vice-President of the Plymouth Fire Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Rev. Prof. P. A. HUBERT 
 
 Is the pastor of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church on Northampton 
 street. He was born an^ educated in Antigua, British West Indies. For five 
 years he held .a professorship of one of Her Majesty's government schools in the 
 
io6 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 Island of Dominica, British West Indies. At the end of that time he entered 
 the Wesleyan ministry. His sight failing him in 1884, he was sent to try the 
 services of Dr. Knapp, the oculist of New York city. He filled two very im- 
 portant offices in Rochester, New York, as amanuensis in the employ of H. H. 
 Warner and James E. Briggs, of the I,awyers' Co-Operative Publishing Com- 
 pany. He is well known and popular in this city and very successful in church 
 work. 
 
 THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH 
 
 Of Wilkes-Barre, was established March 13, 1844, nearly forty-eight years, and 
 consequently one of the oldest churches in the city. The present edifice is a 
 new one, the old having given place to it six years ago. The church will be 
 dedicated on the first of May, 1892. The present pastor is Rev. P. A. Hubert. 
 
 HENRY BEACKMAN PEUMB, Esq., 
 
 Was born in Hanover township, Euzerne county, March 13, 1829. Educated 
 in the common schools of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Studied law under 
 Balemy E- Maxwell, and admitted to the Euzerne Bar in 1859. Mr. Plumb is 
 largely interested in real estate. Author of the ' ' History of Hanover Town- 
 ship." 
 
 JOHN HARTWEEE MUEKEY 
 
 Was born at Rush, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania. Was educated at the 
 Wyoming Seminary. He is in the mercantile business in West Pittston. He 
 has written many descriptive and religious verses. 
 
 Rev. THEOPHIEUS JONES, 
 
 Born in Caerphilly, South Wales, Great Britain. Baptist minister. Eighty- 
 two years o*" age. Landed in New York in June, 1843. Began to preach when 
 he was eighteen years old. He preaches still, it is said, as well as ever and 
 with all the fervor and force of youth. His unusually long ministry has been 
 about evenly divided among Welsh and English churches. He is a fluent, 
 forcible and eloquent speaker, and very popular as a preacher, especially among 
 the Welsh people. Kind, sympathetic and benevolent in a marked degree ; 
 faithful, courageous and true in all the relations of life. A resident of Wilkes- 
 Barre for twenty years, he is universally respedted here, and beloved by all who 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 107 
 
 have known him intimately; and this has always been true of him throughout 
 his long and useful life. Thus far death has never entered his immediate house- 
 hold, nor that of his children. His wife and two children, D. M. Jones the 
 attorney, and Mrs. M. Jennie Reed, and his three grand-children, two daughters 
 and a son of D. M. Jones, are all living; and never was more faithful husband 
 and father, nor fonder grandfather, than the venerable Rev. Theophilus Jones. 
 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MYERS, 
 
 Chief-of-Police, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, was born in that city in 1846. 
 Educated in the public schools. Worked on his grandfather's farm until his 
 seventeenth year. Enlisted in the Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry and served 
 until the close of the War. Was a carpenter until he was appointed on the 
 police force of Wilkes-Barre as Patrolman, and served eight years ; then was 
 appointed Chief of-Police, and has filled that position for twelve years. 
 
 Hon. ROBERT H. McKUNE 
 
 Was born in Newburgh, New York, August 19, 1823. Attended school until 
 his thirteenth year, and then began adlive business life as a baker. In 1849 
 removed to California. Settled at Susquehanna, Pennsylvania ; later at Bing- 
 hamton, New York ; removed to Scranton in 1862. Served in the Civil War, 
 having charge of the advance guard on the Williamsport road, and was conspic- 
 uous as a member of the Secret Service. Entered on a general insurance busi- 
 ness in Scranton after his return. Eledled Mayor of Scranton in 1875. At the 
 present time condudling an insurance business in Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 THOMAS C. PARKER 
 
 Was born in England, March, 1846. Came to this country during the Civil 
 War and located at Newark, New Jersey. Later came to Wilkes-Barre. He 
 has established one of the largest jewelry businesses in the city. He is a mem- 
 ber of many local societies, and is very often chosen orator on public occasions. 
 He is also a fluent writer. 
 
 EDWArD HENRY CHASE, Esq., 
 
 Was born at Haverhill, Massachusetts, February 28, 1835. Graduated from 
 Union College, Schenedlady, New York, 1855. Taught one year in Wells Col- 
 lege. Came to Wilkes-Barre in 1856. Admitted to the Luzerne Bar in 1859. 
 
io8 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 "Went to the front with the Wyoming Light Dragoons. In 1863 married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Hon. Adam Taylor. Appointed Postmaster of "Wilkes- 
 Barre in 1865. In 1868 was chosen Secretary and Attorney of the Borough 
 Council; City Clerk and Attorney in 1871-72-73. Colledtor of Internal Revenue 
 from 1873 until 1885. 
 
 W. P MORGAN, 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, March 22, 1855. Beginning a business career at 
 the age of twenty-one, has been a successful business man ever since. Is asso- 
 ciated with J. T. Morgan, his brother, in the wholesale shoe business. The 
 Morgan Brothers have lately opened up the large tradl of land at South Wilkes- 
 Barre known as the I,ee Park tradl, and have been very successful with it. 
 
 R. B. RICKETTS. 
 
 Educated at Wj'oming Seminary. Commanded a battery of light artillery in 
 the late War ; promoted to Major and also Colonel of Artillery. Democratic 
 candidate for Lieutenant-Governor in 1886. Diredtor of the Osterhout Free 
 Library. Member of the Sons of the American Revolution. 
 
 Rev. peter H. BROOKS 
 
 Was born near the city of Schenedtady, New York. At the age of sixteen he 
 united with the Presbyterian Church in that city, under the pastorate of Rev. 
 Trumball Backus, D. D., LL-D. He attended Union College. Graduated at 
 Princeton Theological Seminary, New Jersey, 1864. Was ordained and installed 
 pastor of the Presbyterian Church at West Milton, Saratoga county. New York, 
 July 13, 1865. He has been nineteen years pastor of the Presbyterian Church 
 in Susquehanna, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania. For fifteen years he has 
 been Clerk in Lackawanna Presbytery. Two of these years he was Temporary 
 Clerk, then five j'cars Permanent Clerk, and eight years Stated Clerk, which 
 position he still holds, in connedlion with his recent appointment as Presbyterial 
 Missionary in the seven eastern counties of Pennsylvania, having his residence 
 in Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 CHARLES DORRANCE LINSKILL 
 
 Was born in Lehman, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1840. He 
 attended the public and seledl schools of Lehman and Huntsville and also 
 assisted in the labors ou the farm until sixteen years of age, when he entered a 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.I.EY. 109 
 
 store as a clerk. For sixteen years he was salesman, book-keeper and foreman 
 in stores of Wyoming Valley. Since 1873 he has been constantly engaged in 
 the newspaper business in this county. In the fall of 1880 he started the Wilkes- 
 Barre Telephone, which is now a paper of large circulation and considerable 
 influence. In 1887 Mr. lyinskill made a very pleasant tour through the British 
 Isles and France, and since his return he has published a history of his Euro- 
 pean trip in a book, entitled "In I,ands Beyond the Sea," which has had an 
 excellent sale and is very highly commended by hundreds of worthy people. 
 We understand that he proposes to publish other works. 
 
 Dr. AIvEXANDER P. O'MALLEY, 
 
 Born in Ireland, August 22, 1853. Son of James O'Malley of New Haven, 
 Connedticut. Was educated at Seton Hall College, New Jerse5^ and graduated 
 in medicine at the University Medical College of New York, March, 1875. He 
 is second to none in the county among his brethren in the medical profession. 
 He has been in this count5' since 1875, and is one of the most successful in his 
 line. He is a member of the Luzerne Cotinty Medical Society, and resides at 
 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 
 
 W. H. PUTNAM 
 
 Was born in the town of Hartwick, Otsego county, New York, Odlober 15, 1854. 
 Until he was sixteen he worked on a farm, attending distridt school during the 
 -winter. In the fall of 1872 he entered Hartwick Seminary with the intention of 
 preparing for college and of taking a college course. After remaining in Hart- 
 wick Seminary for some time and preparing to enter Pennsylvania College, he 
 ■entered the work of teaching in New Jersey, having, however, taught his first 
 term at Clintonville, New York. He was principal of the school at Otego, New 
 York, four years, during the most of which time he was a student in the law 
 office of Hon. I,. E. Bowe. While living in Otego he was eledled to a Profess- 
 orship in the Wyoming Seminary, having charge of the Normal Department and 
 making a specialty of Rhetoric. In 1884, Pennsylvania College conferred upon 
 him the degree of M. A. About this time, having determined to carry out his 
 •original plan of a college education, he was admitted to the post-graduate 
 department of the Illinois Wesleyan University, and pursued a four years' course 
 ■oi history and philosophy, taking regular examinations and graduating in June, 
 1890, having earned two degrees. Master of Arts and Dodtor of Philosophy. In 
 1888 he became Principal of the Schools of West Pittston, one of the finest posi- 
 
no REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 tions in the State. In the spring of 1891 he resigned, to enter the publishing 
 business in New York city. Besides his educational work, he has written for 
 educational papers and contributed to the stock of general literature. Dr. 
 Putnam is truly a self-made man, having pushed his way to prominence through 
 his own unaided efforts. 
 
 Dr. REESE DAVIS, 
 
 Born at Warren, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1837. Received' a. 
 common school education. Prepared for college at Owego Academy and Susque- 
 hanna Collegiate Institute at Towanda, Pennsylvania. Attended Marietta 
 College, Ohio, one year, and graduated at Hamilton College, Clinton, New 
 York, in 1863. Attended the Medical Department of Michigan University one 
 year; graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, in 1867. 
 Located in 1867 in I,eRaysville, Bradford county, Pennsjdvania. Removed in 
 1867 to Scranton and pradliced there two years (at Providence). Settled in 
 Wilkes-Barre in 1871, where he has pradliced his profession ever since. Is a 
 member of the Luzerne County Medical Society, of which he has been Presi- 
 dent. Is a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, of which he was- 
 President in 1887. Is a member of the Dehigh Valley Medical Society, and an 
 honorary member of the Philadelphia Obstetrical Society. He is a son of David 
 Davis and Elizabeth Davis, who were natives of Wales, and settled in Warren, 
 Bradford county, in 1832. 'Married Maggie E- Williams, daughter of Philip 
 Williams and Harriet Williams of the above place. Have four children — Maude,, 
 Walter, Harriet and Bessie. 
 
 Dr. JOHN BARCLAY CRAWFORD 
 
 Was born in the town of Crawford, Orange county, New York, in 1827. His 
 ancestors were among the pioneers of that region. His great-grandfather, James 
 Crawford, was an officer in the Continental forces in the English and French 
 War, and was with General Wolfe at the capture of Quebec. His grandfather, 
 John Crawford, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution and served through 
 the entire period of the War. His father, John Barclay Crawford, was a soldier 
 in the War of 1812. The subjedl of this sketch passed the early years of his 
 life in the usual uneventful way of a farmer's boy. . When about eight years of 
 age, his father removed to Moreland, Tioga (now Schuyler) county. New York, 
 a short distance from the present town of Watkins. For several years he 
 attended the common school of the distridl in which he resided. He subse- 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.LKY. iir 
 
 quently was placed under the care of a private tutor, and afterward entered the 
 Academy at Havana, where he remained until he began the study of medicine. 
 He studied medicine with Dr. Wilcox of Elmira, and at the Medical Department 
 of Columbia College, New York, and began the pradtice of medicine in 1850. 
 In 1852 he married Sarah Hammond of Big Flats, New York, a descendant of 
 one of the early settlers of Wyoming Valley. He resided at Wyoming until 
 1870, when he removed to Wilkes-Barre. Dr. Crawford entered the army in 
 1 86 1. He was Medical Diredlor at Camp Curtin ; was Surgeon in Charge of the 
 Military Department of St. Joseph's Hospital in Philadelphia, and was subse- 
 quently appointed Surgeon of the Fifty-Second or Old I,uzerne Regiment of 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, then commanded by ex-Governor Henry M. Hoyt. 
 He served in the field through the Chickahominy campaign and the siege of 
 Charleston. In 1864 he resigned on account of sickness contradled in the mili- 
 tary service. Dr. Crawford was one of the original members of the lyUzerne 
 County Medical Society. He is one of the oldest members of the Medical So- 
 ciety of the State of Pennsylvania and of the American Medical Association. 
 He served as one of the attending physicians of the Wilkes-Barre City Hospital 
 from the time of its organization until 1890, when he resigned. He was then 
 eledled Consulting Physician of that Hospital, and still retains that position. 
 In 1872 he was appointed Coroner of lyUzerne county by Governor Geary. He 
 now occupies the ofiice of President of the Board of Examining Surgeons for 
 Pensions of the Twelfth Congressional Distridl of Pennsylvania. 
 
 F. M. NEWELIv, 
 
 A member of one of the oldest families in the State, was born near Canton, 
 Pennsylvania. In 1883 established the Waverly Manufadluring Company, 
 which became the Newell Clothing Company, Waverly, New York. In 1890 
 the Newell Clothing Company of Wilkes-Barre absorbed the two first corpora- 
 tions, with a capital, stock of $20,000. T. I,. Newell of Kingston, was its first 
 President, and Lyddon Flick its first Vice-President. The capital stockhas been 
 increased to $40,000, with Colonel G. Murray Reynolds as President. 
 
KINGSTON 
 
 PART of Kingston is located upon a tract of land 
 which was taken up by William Gallup, one of the 
 W original forty. This tradl ran from the mountain 
 to the river and was 434 feet in width. The old 
 Kingston grave-yard and the Delaware, Lackawanna 
 and Western shops are upon this tradl. A portion of 
 this land is still retained by Mrs. Sophie Curtis, his 
 granddaughter. Mr. Gallup was in the fort at Forty 
 Fort with his family during the massacre, and assisted in breaking 
 in the heads of the whisky barrels and emptying their contents in 
 the river after the fight. One of Mr. Gallup's daughters married 
 Israel Skeer, well known to the old residents of Kingston. 
 
 [The above sketch was I compiled from a. manuscript written by John Mulkey of West Pitts- 
 ton, a descendant of William Gallup.J 
 
 WroniNQ Seminary. 
 
 THIS institution ^was ^organized in 1844. The first Board of 
 Trustees consisted of Rev. David Holmes, pastor of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, Wilkes-Barre ; Lord Butler, Sharp D. 
 Lewis, citizens of Wilkes-Barre; Rev. Lucien S. Bennett, pastor of 
 the Methodist Episqopal Church, Kingston; Rev. Silas Comfort, 
 Presiding Elder; Thomas Myers and Madison F. Myers, citizens 
 of Kingston. The first building was erected by Thomas Myers, at 
 
114 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 a cost of $4,700. Rev. Reuben Nelson, A. M., then of Gilbertsville, 
 New York, was eledled Principal, and Miss Ruth S. Ingalls. Pre- 
 ceptress. The Seminary was formally opened for instruAion Sep- 
 tember 25, 1844, Rev. Dr. John P. Durbin, then President of Dick- 
 inson College, delivering the dedicatory address. 
 
 The first building was destroyed by fire (cause unknown), starting 
 between the hours of twelve and one o'clock on the morning of' 
 March 15, 1853. The institution was immediately rebuilt in the 
 form of the three Main Halls — Swetland, Commercial and Union — 
 of the present building. 
 
 In 1866 Centenary Hall vs^as erected and in 1887 the Nelson 
 Memorial Hall. 
 
 Rev. Reuben Nelson, the first Principal, held the position until 
 1872, with the exception of one year — 1863, when it was held by 
 Rev. Y. C. Smith, A. M., who had been for a number of years the 
 senior professor of the Institution. In 1872 Dr. Nelson was eledled 
 to the Agency of the Methodist Book Concern in New York city, 
 and Rev. David Copeland, A. M., then President of the Hillsborough 
 Female College in Ohio, was eledled to the Principals hip. Dr. 
 Copeland held this position until November, 1882, when he resigned 
 on account of severe illness. He died the following December, and 
 was succeeded in the Presidency of the Institution by Rev. L. L- 
 Sprague, the present incumbent. 
 
 The College of Business was established in connexion with the 
 Seminary in 1863. Rev. W. S. Smyth, A. M., was the first Princi- 
 pal. In 1868 he was followed by Rev. L- L. Sprague. In 1882 
 Prof W. L. Dean, A. M., the present incumbent, was elected 
 Principal. 
 
 The Seminary has always been favored with a good patronage. 
 More than fifteen thousand young people have enjoyed its advan- 
 tages as students. Some of these have reached very high prom- 
 inence in political, professional, business and social life. It has 
 been for more than forty years the leading educational institution in 
 Northeastern Pennsylvania, and promises to be equally prominent 
 in the future. 
 
THE WYOMING VALIvEY. 115 
 
 KEPRE5ENTAT1VE AEN OF KlNQSTON. 
 
 Rev. L. L. SPRAGUE, A. M., D. D. 
 
 Born December 23, 1844, in the town of Beekifian, Dutchess county, New York. 
 Educated at Wyoming Seminary. Completed a college course by private study. 
 Degree of A. M. conferred by Alleghany College and that of D. D. by the Wes- 
 leyan University. Was Principal of LeRaysville Academy in 1865. In 1868 
 was eledled Principal of Wyoming College of Business and in 1882 President of 
 Wyoming Seminary. Joined the Wyoming Conference in 1874. Has been con- 
 tinuously teaching since 1868. 
 
 WILLIS L. DEAN, 
 
 Born in Waverly,. Pennsylvania, February, 1857. Educated at Madison Acad- 
 emy and the Wyoming Seminary. Taught in Lowell's Commercial College, 
 Binghamton, New York, from 1873 to 1875. Eledled Professor of Penmanship 
 in Wyoming Seminary and Commercial College in 1875, and when Dr. Sprague 
 was elected President of the Seminary, in 1883, he was promoted to the Prin- 
 cipalship of the Commercial College, which position he still holds. 
 
 HUGO V. STADLER 
 
 Was born in Constance, Germany. Educated at his native place and Berlin. 
 Studied music under prominent masters and finished at Berlin. Taught music 
 in that city. Came to the United States in 1867, and taught music in New York 
 for three years. Came to Kingston in 1871 ; became Musical Diredlor of the 
 musical department of Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, and has filled that 
 position successfully for twenty-one years. Under his diredlion the ' musical 
 department of Ws'oming Seminary has become one of the largest in this part of 
 the State. 
 
 FRED. M. DAVENPORT 
 
 Was born August 27, 1866, in Salem, Massachusetts. Seventeen years ago he 
 moved with his parents to New Milford, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, 
 and has since been a resident of this State. His course preparatory to admission 
 to college was taken at Wyoming Seminary, from which institution he was 
 graduated in 1885. The succeeding four years were spent in study at Wesleyan 
 
ii6 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 University, Middletown, Connec5licut. Since i88g he has been engaged as in- 
 strudlor in Greek and lyatin at Wyoming Seminary. In addition to his work as 
 teacher, he does considerable ledluring and preaching, and is the Wyoming 
 Conference Secretary of Epworth I,eagues. The familj^ to which he belongs is 
 a branch of the old English Davenport stock, whence come likewise the Daven- 
 ports of Plymouth. 
 
 RUFUS B. ROWLAND 
 
 Was born in Danby, Tompkins county. New York, September 15, 1851. He 
 prepared for college at the Ithaca Academy and at Wyoming Seminary. Enter- 
 ing Cornell University in 1869, he graduated in 1872 with the first class that 
 took the full course at that institution. In 1873 he was eledled to the Chair of 
 Mathematics in Wyoming Seminary, which position he still holds. From 1877 
 to 1881 he also taught the Natural Sciences in the same institution. In 1887 
 he published a volume entitled "Elements of the Conic Sedtions." 
 
 E. J. WOLFE 
 
 Was born at Muhlenburg, Pennsylvania, and was educated in the public schools 
 and at Huntington Mills Academy. He has held various positions in the public 
 schools of the valley, including principalships at Plymouth, Beach Haven and 
 Nanticoke, and is now in charge of the Teachers' Preparatory Department of 
 Wyoming Seminary. In addition to his duties there, he edits the State depart- 
 ment of the Popular Educator, a leading educational paper. He has published 
 four qnnual issues of the Luzerne Institute, a paper circulating largely among the 
 educators of the State; and the " Pradlical Speller," an advanced work in 
 orthography. He is quite popular as a ledlurer at local Institutes, and has 
 established a very successful summer school for teachers at Wyoming Seminary. 
 
 JOHN H. RACE, 
 
 A native of Pennsylvania, was born March 10, 1862. Being the son of a Meth- 
 odist minister, his early education was much interrupted by the periodical 
 removals from place to place. When but a lad of fifteen he began earning his 
 own livelihood, being engaged as a clerk in a general dry-goods and grocery 
 store. Later he was emploj'ed as a clerk in the post-office at Tunkhannock, the 
 county-seat of Wyoming. From this place he entered Wyoming Seminary. 
 During his preparatory school years he supported himself by keeping the books 
 of the institution. Graduating from the Seminary in 1886, he entered the Col- 
 
THE WYOMING VAI,I,EY. • 117 
 
 lege of New Jersey at Princeton. Took the full classical course, and graduated 
 from College in June, 1890. In March of the same year he was admitted as a 
 probationer to the New Jersey Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 and appointed to Island Heights, New Jersey. During the summer of 1890 he 
 was eledled to the Department of Rhetoric in Wyoming Seminary. 
 
 CHARI^ES ORION THURSTON, 
 
 Born in Barre, "Vermont, February 23, 1857. Graduated, with honor in chem- 
 istry, from Dartmouth College in 1884. Principal Colebrook Academy, Cole- 
 broolc, New Hampshire, 1884. Principal Newport, New Hampshire, High 
 School, 1885-6. Professor of Science and Mathematics Marston's University 
 School for Boys, Baltimore, Maryland, 1887-8. Professor of Science Wyoming 
 Seminary since 1889. 
 
 Rev. MANLEY S. HARD, D. D., 
 
 Is forty-eight years old. He was born in New York. Was graduated from 
 Syracuse University and was President of the Alumni Association for two or 
 three terms. He has been Pastor of Methodist Episcopal Churches in New 
 York State as follows : First Church of Ilion ; Centenary Church, Syracuse ; 
 Eirst Church, Ithaca ; Presiding Elder of Elmira Distridt ; Hedding Church, 
 Elmira ; First Church, Canandaigua ; Centenary Church, Binghamton, and 
 now Presiding Elder of Wyoming 'Distridt. He was a member of the General 
 Conference in 1884 and 1888, and one of the Secretaries of both bodies. He is 
 at present Secretary of the Wyoming Conference, and has been doing that kind 
 of work for twenty years. He is also a Trustee of Syracuse University; Wyo- 
 ming Conference Seminary, and a Manager of the New York State Custodial 
 Asylum for Feeble Minded Women. His present residence is Kingston, his first 
 living in Pennsylvania. 
 
 CHARIvES GRAHAM, Sr., 
 
 Born in the village of Crossford, Fifeshire (County of Fife), Scotland, April 15, 
 1834. Served an apprenticeship at the machinist trade there. I^eft Scotland 
 for the United States, September, 1853. On landing four.d work at the Rogers 
 Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey. After remaining there a few months, 
 left there and went to work for the Erie Railroad at Piermont on the Hudson ; 
 lemaining here only a short time ; returning to the Rogers Locomotive Works ; 
 
ii8 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 leaving this Company again and hieing to the Delaware, l,ackawanna and West- 
 ern Railroad, starting to work for them in their Scranton Shops, January 4, 
 1855, under Watts Cooke, who had been appointed Master Mechanic only a few 
 months previous, the Company at this time having eighteen locomotives and 
 fifty miles of single track from Scranton to Great Bend. After working in the 
 shops and adting as extra locomotive engineer for a short time, was appointed 
 General Foreman until the fall of 1864, when he was appointed Master Mechanic 
 of the lyackawanna and Bloomsburg Railroad. Under his administration various 
 changes and improvements were made. In 1883, when the Buffalo Division of 
 the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad was started he was made 
 Master Mechanic of this Division, in connexion with his duties at Kingston. 
 After getting the shops completed and everything established in his department, 
 and owing to the increased duties falling on him, his health not permitting this,, 
 he was relieved from the Buffalo Division, but still remaining in charge at 
 Kingston. June i, 1886, he was appointed Master Mechanic of the Main I,ine 
 of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western system, with headquarters at Scran- 
 ton. He has been in continuous service for the Delaware, Lackawanna and 
 Western Railroad since January, 1855, though not in adtive duty at present on 
 account of ill health. He vras a charter member of Kingston Masonic Lodge, 
 No. 395, Free and Accepted Masons, also a member of the Master Mechanics'' 
 Association since its organization in 1868. He was succeeded at Kingston by 
 his son, Charles Graham. 
 
 Rev. F. von KJiUG, 
 
 Born in Darmstadt, Germany, 1850. Educated in the schools of the same city. 
 Attended school one year at Heidelberg. Came to this country in 1869. 
 Preached at Bloomingburg, Ohio, seven years. Came to Kingston in December, 
 1886, as pastor of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 WILLIAM LOVELAND 
 
 Was born in Kingston, Pennsylvania, August 15, 1821. He was the second 
 son of Elijah and Mary Buckingham Loveland, whose families were among the 
 Puritans who came to Connedlicut about 1630. He received his education in 
 the old Academy on Main street, Kingston, and at Dana's Academy in Wilkes- 
 Barre. Mr. Loveland has always been a farmer. At his father's death he 
 assumed control of the family homestead in Kingston. He has aided to develop 
 and sustain the most important local interests. As a business man he has ever 
 been adlive and prominent. He has been for years an officer and member of the 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.I,EY. 119 
 
 Presbyterian Church. Mr. lyoveland identified himself with the Republican 
 party at its organization and has been deeply interested in its progress to the 
 present time, although never an adtive politician. In 1856 he married Lydia 
 Hurlbut of Arkport, New York, a granddaughter of Christopher Hurlbut, a 
 surveyor well known in the Wyoming Valley in the pioneer da3'S and a native 
 of Connedticut. 
 
 CHARLES GRAHAM, Jr., 
 
 Was born at Scranton, Pennsylvania. Son of Charles Graham, for many years 
 Master Mechanic of Delaware, Lackawanna and Western shops at Kingston. 
 Mr. Graham was educated at Wyoming Seminary and Lehigh University. 
 Became Foreman of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western shops at Kingston 
 in 1883; General Foreman in 1886; Master Mechanic in 1891. Mr. Graham 
 began working at the trade of machinist in 1876, and at thirty years of age he 
 became Master Mechanic. He is Past Master of Kingston Masonic Lodge. 
 
 FRANK HELM, 
 
 Son of Oliver Helm, was born in Kingston August 7, 18 16. Educated in private 
 schools in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and graduated from the old Academy 
 in Kingston, Pennsylvania. Moved to Wilkes-Barre in 1823, and removed to 
 Kingston in 1831. Went in the cabinet business w:th his brother. In 1858 
 purchased the farm where he now resides. 
 
 JOHN D. HOYT, 
 
 Born in Kingston, Pennsylvania, Augu.st 15, 18 19. Son of Ziba Hoyt and 
 Nancy Hurlbut Hoyt. Brother of ex-Governor Henry M. Hoyt, Elizabeth 
 ("wife of Abram H. Reynolds), and Anne (wife of Rev. Charles Corss). Lived 
 in Kingston all his life. For many years Trustee aad Elder in the Presbyterian 
 Church. Father of Anne Elizabeth (wife of George Shoemaker), Martha (wife 
 of Dr. Frederic Corss), Abram G. Hoyt, Augusta Hoyt, Edward E. Hoyt, Esq., 
 and Henry M. Hoyt, Jr., Esq. 
 
 ADAM CLARK LAYCOCK 
 
 Was born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1826. Entered Wyo- 
 ming Seminary the first year that institution was opened. Was a wheelright 
 and followed other employment, and in 1866 moved to Shickshinny and assumed 
 
I20 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 charge of the Salem Coal Company's store for five years. Moved to Kingston 
 in 1876 and was employed in Edwards & Company's store. Traveled for Chapin 
 & Pringle, marble firm. Deputy Warden of I,uzerne County Prison for two 
 years and eledted Warden in 1887. Established with Mr. Chapin the firm of 
 I,aycock & Chapin, marble and granite business, in Kingston. Was a candidate 
 before the Convention of lyUzerne county for Sheriff. Mr. Laycock has taken 
 an adtive part in L,uzerne countv politics. 
 
 ELUOTT R. MORGAN 
 
 Was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. Educated at Sunbury and 
 Danville, Pennsylvania. Assistant Postmaster at Danville for seven years. 
 Became Secretary of the Kingston Coal Company in 1882. Has been a member 
 of the Kingston Town Council, and officer in the Masonic Lodge and Knights 
 Templar. 
 
 FREDERICK BARHAM MYRES 
 
 Was born in Kingston, Pennsylvania, on the old Myres estate, part of which 
 estate has been held by the family since the original grant by the government 
 to Lourant Myres for services during the Revolution. His mother is a grand- 
 daughter of Thomas Bennett. Mr. Myres was educated at the Wyoming Sem- 
 inary and Barymore Seminary. Mr. Myres is a farmer. 
 
 HENRY KUNKLE, M. D., 
 
 Was born at New Ringgold, Pennsylvania. Educated in the public schools and 
 State Normal School at Kutztown, Pennsylvania ; graduated from Lafayette in 
 1887. Studied medicine with Dr. Wenger at F.eading. Graduated from the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore in 1889. Pradliced in Brook- 
 lyn, New York. Removed to Kingston in 1889. Member of the Luzerne and 
 Lehigh and State Medical Societies. Received the degree of A. M. from 
 Lafayette College in 1890. 
 
 P. BUTLER REYNOLDS 
 
 Was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Son of C. W. Reynolds, well known 
 in the valley in his day. His mother was a daughter of Pierce Butler, descend- 
 ant of Zebulon Butler, commander at the Massacre. Mr. Reynolds was educated 
 in the public schools of Wilkes-Barre and at Wyoming Seminary at Kingston. 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 121 
 
 Was surveyor of Luzerne county from 187410 1875, and is well known as a 
 Mining and Civil Engineer. At the present time is senior member of the insur- 
 ance firm of Reynolds & Company of Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 ALANSON B. TYRRELL, 
 
 Bom in Watertown, Connedticut, on June 8, 1833. Was educated in the 
 public schools of that place. Learned his trade as carpenter and joiner in 
 Waterbury, Connedticut. Came to Wyoming, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1855, and began building breakers in 1857 through the Anthracite coal field, 
 and is the most extensive breaker builder in the United States. He moved to 
 Kingston in the year 1874, where he now resides. Was married in the year 1855 
 to Miss Susah S. Marks of Wyoming, Pennsylvania, formerly of Waterbury, 
 Connedticut. Has served his borough as Councilman and School Diredtor. 
 Has four children — Esther M., studying medicine at Woman's Medical College, 
 Philadelphia; Jennie M. (Mrs. C. E. Roat), resident of Kingston; Fred. W., 
 resident of Wilkes-Barre, an accoantant and also in the grocery business in 
 Kingston; B. Frank, resident of Kingston, an accountant and grocer in Kingston. 
 
 C. W. BOUGHTON 
 
 Was born in Newbury, Orange county, New York. Educated in the public 
 schools. Came to Kingston, Pennsylvania, in 1849, and established his present 
 biisiness of Carriage Making and Blacksmithing. Has served the Borough of 
 Kingston as School Diredtor, Assessor, Town Council, and other offices. 
 
 RALPH B. VAUGHN 
 
 Was born at Wyalusing, Pennsylvania. Educated in the public schools and at 
 Wyoming Seminary. Telegraph Operator for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and 
 at the present time Freight and Coal Agent for the Delaware, Lackawanna and 
 Western Railroad at Kingston. 
 
 CLINTON W. BOON 
 
 Was born in Huntington township, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, March 16, 
 1832. Educated in the public schools. Became a Carpenter and Builder. 
 Moved to Arkansas. Enli-sted as a private in September, 1861, and served four 
 years, being promoted a Sergeant, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant; in 1864 
 
122 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 was promoted Captain, and the last year of the War was commander of a bat- 
 talion, and was mustered out of service September, 1865. Returned to Blooms- 
 burg,, Pennsylvania, and in 1875 moved to Kingston. In 1877 was eledted 
 Justice of the Peace of that town. 
 
 CAI.VIN DYMOND 
 
 Was born in Exeter township, I,uzerne county, Pennsylvania, September 17, 
 1837, and attended the township schools. Became a clerk in Exeter. Engaged 
 in farming, and in 1868 opened with Mr. I^ewis, at Kingston, Pennsylvania, the 
 meat stand of Dymond & Lewis. Served four terms as Town Councilman and 
 three years as Assessor. In 1887, with Mr. I,ewis, built Dymond & Lewis HalL 
 He deals in and owns considerable real estate, and takes an adlive part in. 
 borough affairs. 
 
 JAMES D. EDWARDS 
 
 Was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, August 6, 1862. Moved to Plymouth and 
 later to Kingston, Pennsylvania. Educated in the public schools of Plymouth. 
 Entered the office of the Kingston Coal Company in 1879, and is now paymaster. 
 Mr. Edwards lives in Edwardsdale. Has been School Diredlor for four years> 
 and takes an adlive part in local affairs. 
 
 HERMAN C. MILLER 
 
 Was born at Leipsig, Germany. Educated in the schools of that city. Came 
 to this- country in 1847, and has been in the Furniture and Undertaking busi- 
 ness for forty years. Served in the War of the Rebellion over three years in the 
 Fifty-Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers (Colonel Hoyt's Regiment). 
 He is Secretary and Treasurer of the Pennsylvania Volunteers' Association of 
 the Fift5'-Second Regiment, and has served as President of the Tri-County 
 Funeral Diredlors' Association and Vice-President of the State Association, and 
 as School Diredlor and Town Councilman of Kingston borough. 
 
 W. L. MYLES, 
 
 The subjedl of this sketch, is a typical Cambro-American, having first seen the 
 light of day at Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales, April 25, 1848. His father had 
 to toil hard to procure the means of support, but by pradlicing economy and 
 diligence, the parents were enabled to give their son the benefit of a few years' 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 123 
 
 education in the parish school. At the tender age of eleven years he was ap- 
 prenticed to the dry-goods business at The Cloth Hall, in his native town, and 
 followed that business until, with his parents, he emigrated to America in the 
 spring of 1867, and settled with them at Johnstown, Pennsylvania. In 1869-70 
 he was employed by the Morris Run Coal Company as weighmaster, and 1870- 
 74 we find him as book-keeper in the employ of Connell & Company, Meadow 
 Brook Colliery, Scranton, and Co-Operative Store, Hyde Park. He. then re- 
 turned to Johnstown, (having married in 1870 to Miss M. Llewellyn of that 
 ill-fated town,) and opened a grocery establishment. He was afterward em- 
 ployed at "The Checkered Front," Pittsburgh, from which city, in 1877, he 
 came to Wilkes-Barre and entered the emploj' of D. C. Jeremy, where he 
 remained until 1885, when he accepted a position of trust and great responsi- 
 bility with Edwards & Company of Kingston, which position he has held up to 
 the present time, where he may be found trusted and respedted by his employers. 
 He does not confine himself to the pressing demands of his business, in the 
 discharge of which he is most capable, but delights to aid in the promotion of 
 every good cause that has for its object the elevation of his fellow men. The 
 Young Men's Christian Association eledted him as their first President, which 
 position he filled for nearly eighteen months. 
 
 CHRISTIAN BACH 
 
 Was born in Rhoden, F. Waldack, April 10, 1850. Was educated in his native 
 town. Learned the trade of Tailor at home. Spent several years in Frankfort- 
 on-the-Main and Wiesbaden. Came to the United States in 1871. Came to 
 Kingston in 1875 and established his present business of Merchant Tailoring. 
 Mr. Bach was the originator of the Eledlric Light, Heat and Power Company 
 of that place and is its President. One of the originators of the Kingston Young 
 Men's Christian Association, and has taken an adlive interest in all borough 
 and church matters. 
 
 MICHAEL GARRAHAN, 
 
 The suhjedl of this sketch, was born in what is now a part of Plymouth borough, 
 July 4, 1848. In i860, with his father, he removed to what is known as the 
 "AvondaleFarm," where the next twenty years of his life was spent. In the 
 year 1869 he married Miss Maggie B. Hutchison, a person of considerable intel- 
 ledlual attainments and more than ordinary spirituality of mind. For the next 
 ten years both were adlively engaged in home mission work, as far as other 
 
324 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 •duties would allow. Owing to the failing health of his wife and family, a 
 ■change of residence become a necessity. Mr. Garrahan removed to Kingston in 
 1880, where he now resides. 
 
 CHARIvES S. TURPIN 
 
 "Was born in Ohio. Came to Kingston, Pennsylvania, in his youth, and was 
 educated in the public schools and at Wyoming Seminary. Was a Surveyor for 
 five years, and in the mercantile business until he established his harness busi- 
 ness on Railroad street, which he still condudls in connedlion with the real 
 estate business. He served in the Army of the Potomac in Company D, 143d 
 R.egiment, for one year. 
 
 GEORGE DANA KINGSI.EY 
 
 "Was born at Blakely, I,ackawanna county, Penns3'lvania, January 31, 1858. 
 "Was educated in the common schools at Scranton and at Whitestown Seminary, 
 near Utica, New York. Was employed as weighmaster for a number of years, 
 and later as Foreman of Avondale Colliery, which position he now holds. He 
 is a member of Kingston Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Shekinah Royal 
 Arch Chapter, and Dieu le Veut Commandery. Now resides in Kingston. 
 
 ANEURIN EVANS 
 
 Was born at Summit Hill, Pennisylvania, in 1855. Son of Rev. D. E. Evans, 
 M. D. Educated in the public schools. Graduated from Wyoming Seminary 
 in 1872, and the Commercial College in 1873. I/earned the drug business in 
 Plymouth, Pennsylvania. In 1877 established the present drug firm of Evans 
 •& Son, Railroad street, in Kingston. 
 
 D. H. IvAKE, M. D., 
 
 Born in England in 1863. Came to Youngstown, Ohio, in 1872, and thence to 
 Scranton in 1878. Entered Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, remaining three 
 years, when he returned to -Scranton and took up the study of medicine in con- 
 nedlion with teaching. Graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 
 April, 1885. Entered the Philadelphia (Blockley) Hospital as a resident physi- 
 cian, where he remained fourteen months; then in November, 1886, located in 
 Kingston and Edwardsville, where he has since pradliced his profession. His 
 
THE WYOMING VALIvEY. 125 
 
 father, Rev. lyOt Lake, was for eight years pastor of the Congregational Church 
 at Scranton. He is now located in Knoxville, Tennessee, as pastor of the Knox 
 ville Congregational Church. Married in.December, 1889. 
 
 EDWARD E. ROSS, 
 
 Born at Tuscarora, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, Odlober 17, 1855. On 
 arriving at legal age, was .sent to the public schools; attended regularly until 
 old enough to pick slate in the breaker, after which attended school during idle 
 time and in the coldest part of the winter. Commenced teaching at the age of 
 jSfteen years, and followed the profession until 1885, teaching in the counties of 
 Schuylkill, Northumberland, Union and Luzerne. From 1885 to 1887 estab- 
 lished a lucrative drug business at Luzerne. Was then appointed Outside Fore- 
 man for the Northwest Coal Company, Limited, at Carbondale, Pennsylvania. 
 Resigned this position in 1889; returned to Luzerne county and re-entered the 
 profession of teaching. Was a candieate for the County Superintendency of 
 Public Schools in 1890. Is now Principal of the Public Schools of Kingston. 
 
 GEORGE M. PACE 
 
 Was born in Kingiston, Pennsylvania. Graduated from the Commercial College 
 of Wyoming Seminary in 188 1. Entered the mercantile business, dealing 
 exclusively in teas and coffees. Moved to Kingston in 1891. Purchased the 
 Philip Goodwin estate on which he had eredled a business block. Mr. Pace 
 deals extensively in real estate. 
 
 DAVID S. CLARK 
 
 Was born in Plains township, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Attended school 
 at West Pittston. Followed blacksmithing for twenty years. Served in the 
 Rebellion in the Second Pennsylvania Volunteers; was in the service two years. 
 Was Postmaster at Centermoreland, Wyoming county, and appointed Postmaster 
 at Kingston, Pennsylvania, in 1889. Is Commander of Conyngham Post and 
 Treasurer of the Kingston Fire Department. 
 
 ALFRED H. COON 
 
 Was born in Luzerne county. Educated in the public schools. Lived in Hones- 
 dale, Pennsylvania, and became a partner with his father in building public 
 works. Came to Kingston in 1854. Mr. Coon has filled as many contradls for 
 
126 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 public works as any man in the State, and has never left a contract unfinished. 
 Organized and built the Wilkes-Earre and Kingston street car line, the first T 
 rail used on a street railroad. This was the first street car line in Northeastern 
 Pennsylvania. Mr. Coon and his brother put the first steamboat on the Susque- 
 hanna at Wilkes-Barre, and through his influence secured an appropriation to 
 <iredge the river below Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 W. H. SHAVER, 
 
 Born in Dallas township, September 20, 1847. Received a common school 
 education. Was mu.stered into the United States service August 20, 1862, as a 
 member of Battery M, Second Pennsylvania Volunteer Artillery. Followed the 
 fortunes of the Army of the Potomac until May 25, 1865, when he was honor- 
 ably discharged. Took the occupation of a locomotive engineer from 1867 to 
 March, 1887, when he went into the grocery business, where he is at present 
 employed . 
 
 A. J. ROAT, 
 
 Was born April 20, 1833, at Light Street, Columbia county, Pennsylvania. 
 Moved to Forty Fort in 1841 and to Kingston in 1845. Learned the blacksmith- 
 ing trade in 1856. Married in 1856 to Mary Ann Gabriel. Carried on black- 
 smith and wagon work until 1878. Started in the hardware business, which he 
 still continues. From a small business it has grown to be one of the largest in 
 the valley, occupying four buildings. Has three sons who assist him in the 
 business, besides employing six assistants. Has served as School Director, 
 Councilman and Chief of Fire Department. 
 
 ISAAC GERHARD ECKERT, 
 
 Son of George J. Eckert, was born at Reading, Pennsylvania, August 21, 1858. 
 Pennsylvania German descent on both farther' s and mother's .side. Graduate of 
 Reading High School and Reading Business College. Student at Lafayette 
 College in civil engineering course. Graduate of State School of Mines, Golden, 
 Colorado, as an assayer. Married in Denver, Colorado, June, 1879, to Miss 
 Lizzie Ella Smith, daughter of Levi M. Smith, formerly of Kingston. Book- 
 keeper and assistant cashier in the banking-house of L- J. Smith & Co. Secre- 
 tary Golden City Republican Committee. Member Jefferson county, Colorado, 
 Republican Committee. Assistant Chief Fire Department. Secretary and 
 Treasurer Library and Reading Room Association. Manager of Golden Opera 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 127 
 
 House. Returned East in the fall of 1881. Manager of George J. Eckert's 
 Eire Brick Works, Reading, until the fall of 1883, when he moved to Kingston. 
 Outside Foreman of Harry E. and Forty Fort Collieries; at present book-keeper 
 for both collieries. Secretary Forty Fort School Board. Secretar}' Second 
 LegislatiTe Distridl Committee. Assistant Chairman Republican County Com- 
 mittee for Second Distridl. Candidate for nomination for Legislature before the 
 next Second District Convention. 
 
 LEWIS LEONIDAS ROGERS, M. D., 
 
 Born at Huntsville, Pennsylvania. Eldest son of Dr. J. J. Rogers. Educated 
 at the public schools, Wyoming Seminary, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 Baltimore, Maryland; Philadelphia Lying-in Hospital, and Jefferson Medical 
 College, Philadelphia, from which he graduated March 12, 1881. Took a post- 
 graduate course in Gynsecolog}'- under Professors Baer and Goodell at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania. Located at Kingston in the fall of 1881, where he has 
 been engaged in general pradlice ever since. He is a member of the Luzerne 
 County, Lehigh Valley, and Pennsylvania State Medical Societies ; an official 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; Ledlurer on Physiology and 
 Hygiene at Wyoming Seminary ; one of the organizers of the Kingston Young 
 Men's Christian Association and its Vice-President for two years. Dr. Rogers 
 is a self-educated man, having taught in the public and graded schools for six 
 years previous to his studying medicine. 
 
 CHESTER WILCOX 
 
 Was born in Plymouth, Pennsylvania. Attended the public schools of Pittston. 
 Has followed manufacturing of brick and building all his life, and built many 
 of the brick buildings of Plymouth, where he lived for sixteen years. Has lived 
 for a number of years, in Kingston. His father was one of the first brick makers 
 in the valley. Mr. Wilcox is a fine musician and gives his services free for 
 church and local entertainments. 
 
 J. MILTON NICHOLSON 
 
 Was born in Salem, Wayne county, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1828. Re- 
 mained on the homestead engaged in farming and school teaching until i860, 
 when he entered the employ of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail- 
 road Company as Agent at Hopbottom, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, at 
 which place he was Postmaster during Abraham Lincoln's first term, his com- 
 
128 REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 
 
 mission bearing date of April lo, 1861. Came to Kingston June 6, 1865, as 
 telegraph train dispatcher, which position he occupied until January i, 1881^ 
 since which time he has been ticket agent at that station. 
 
 B. J. COBI.EIGH, M. D., 
 
 Was. born near Pottsville, Schuylkill county, January 10, 1863. Educated in 
 the public schools of Plymouth, lyuzerne county, and Wilkes-Barre Academy 
 and Bloomsburg Normal School. Studied medicine and graduated from Jeffer- 
 son Medical College, Philadelphia, class of 1883. Took a special course in eye 
 and ear surgery, which branch of the profession he has pradliced since. Mar- 
 ried Miss Margaret Edwards, youngest daughter of Daniel Edwards, Kingston, 
 and is now located on Market street in that town. 
 
 OsTERHOUT Tree Library. 
 
 HANNAH P. JAMES, LIBRARIAN. 
 
 "pN April, 1882, by the will of the Hon. Isaac S. Osterhout, just deceased, 
 (3 property amounting in value to about $325,000 was bequeathed to found a 
 free library for the benefit of the citizens of Wilkes-Barre. This gift of Mr. 
 Osterhout's "was the result and outgrowth of long and mature thought, and 
 based upon his ■ perception of the dependence of the peace and prosperity of a 
 community upon its virtue and intelligence." (£. L. Dana, Mem. Add.') In 
 this purpose he had the hearty sympathy of his wife. 
 
 By the terms of the will the property was vested in a board of seven trustees: 
 H. B. Payne, L. C. Paine, E. P. Darling, E. ly. Dana, Harrison Wright, A. H. 
 McClintock and Sheldon Reynolds, and was to be allowed to accumulate for five 
 years before using. Fortunately, at the expiration of that time the building in 
 which the First Presbyterian Church was worshipping, together with an ample 
 lot of land, was in the market. Its situation and the adaptability to the needs 
 of a library were all that could be desired, and it was purchased by the Trustees 
 for that purpose. In April, 1887, Miss H. P. James, l,ibrarian of the Newton 
 Free l,ibrary of Newton, Massachusetts, was elected the I^ibrarian of the new 
 Library, and in August the first invoice of books was received. The work of 
 receiving, cataloguing and arranging, thus begun, continued until Januar}', 
 
RTi'"'' -f*^ '^i ^- Tmii Jrtlii tfT^'^V'- 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^LEY. 129 
 
 1889. Meantime the building was thoroughly repaired and remodelled. All 
 the book-cases and furniture were of solid oak, and a remarkably beautiful and 
 convenient library was achieved, at a comparatively small expense. 
 
 On January 28, 1889, the opening exercises were held in the new chapel of 
 the First Presbyterian Church, and included an address by Professor Melvill 
 Dewey, State librarian of New York. At the conclusion of the exercises the 
 doors of the library were thrown open to the public, and many warm commend- 
 ations of its beauty and convenience were expressed, and gratification that at 
 last the long anticipated treasures were open to their use. On the following day 
 the delivery of books for home use was commenced, and nearly 50,000 volumes 
 are issued to readers yearly. 
 
 From the first, the Reference Department has been a favorite resort for all 
 classes. The small child who can hardly turn the leaves of a book, the breaker 
 boy who comes from a squalid home to the warmth and light of the beautiful 
 room and spends many a happy hour over books full of pictures and stories, the 
 school children in search of help for their daily tasks, the mechanic and the 
 engineer, the Sunday-school teacher, and the day-school teacher, the ladies for 
 topics is literature and art, and the clergymen for light on some knotty point ; 
 all these and many more are using this fountain of precious knowledge which 
 has sprung up in their pathway, and their lives are all the purer and better for 
 it. It is a perennial blessing, growing richer and of greater value the more it is 
 used and the longer it flows. No more blessed gift can one leave to his native 
 city or town than a good library, free to all the inhabitants thereof. The 
 I^ibrary opened with 10,652 carefully selected volumes, and has increased at the 
 rate of about 1,200 volumes a year, so that now, in November, 1891, it has a 
 little more than 14,200 volumes. 
 
 The present Board of Directors consists of H. B. Payne, A. H. McClintock, 
 Sheldon Reynolds, Rev. Dr. F. B. Hodge, Rev. H. 1,. Jones, A. F. Derr, C. M. 
 Conyngham, ly. H. Taylor and H. A. Fuller. 
 
I30 
 
 THE WYOMING VAI.LEY. 
 
 The WiLKE5=^ARRE Pa51ME55 Colleqe 
 
 "J^TAS become one of the fixed educational institutions of our city, and is 
 JJ^i=gi_ recognized as among the best of its kind in the State. It is now but 
 four years since it was chartered, yet the number of its students is probablj' 
 greater than that of any other institution of its age in the State ever has been. 
 It is conveniently located at the corner of Market and Franklin streets, occupy- 
 ing all the rooms of the two upper stories over the Wyoming National Bank and 
 adjoining building. It has a Board of Trustees composed of our leading citizens, 
 of which Hon. C. A. Miner is President and Dr. Fred. C. Johnson is Secretary. 
 G. I,. Baldwin and A. W. Moss are principals. The Wilkes-Barre Business 
 College was first established as a night-.school by Frederick Schneider in 1885. 
 
 -^"^m^^ 
 
Hit: 
 
 ITERATURE 
 
lptPO<^^ctior;). 
 
 BY W. GEORGE POWELL. 
 
 IJVIG VALLEY is a name of poetical suggestiveness 
 to all persons of literary culture. In the latter days 
 of the remarkable poetical outburst of the beginning 
 of this century, English bards, in their effort to retain 
 freshness and originality, sought for subje6ls in the new or 
 mysterious countries to which the attention of advanced people was 
 then being turned. Moore sang of "Lalla Rookh," and immortal- 
 ized the Vale of Cashmere; Byron found his "Corsairs" and 
 "Laras" in Levantine life; and Campbell, to hold his own, hit upon 
 Wyoming Valley as an excuse for displaying his gorgeousness of 
 phrase and fancy. Thus, in the full panoply of a puffed chef d'' 
 oeuvre of a popular poet, the three cantos of " Gertrude of Wyoming" 
 sprang forth. In a literary sense, it might be said that Campbell 
 discovered Wyoming Valley, and it is just as true that he knew 
 as little about it as Columbus did of America after seeing San Sal- 
 vador. He has given our valley the greatest advertisement it has 
 ever had, next to the Massacre, and has put a Parnassian stamp 
 upon it forever; but this is not due to the poetry of the poem so 
 much as to the name of the poet; and not so much to the poet as to 
 the newness of his theme. There is not much credit to the valley 
 accruing from the poem; the name suited Campbell's purpose, (he 
 accented it, by the 'way, on the final syllable,) and that was all he 
 
134 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 cared for. Like "Lalla Rookh," the poem is a construdlion, not 
 an inspiration. But unlike Moore, Campbell was too lazy and care- 
 less to make his imagination conform with the details of scenery 
 and climate, as he could have learned them from books and trav- 
 elers. The charadlers and plot are alike impossible, and the style 
 lacks sincerity, being dominated by the spirit of Pope. The best 
 feature of the poem, as we see it in the strong light of realism 
 to-da}^, is the verbal beauty of its verse. It is little read now, but 
 will long be known in Philistia by reason of its reputation when 
 first published, 
 
 Enough poetry and verse have been written on Wyoming Valley 
 since Campbell's time to fill a good-sized volume. The greatest 
 name in American literature that has given us the honor of an 
 acquaintance with his muse, is Fitz-Greene Halleck. Evidently led 
 by the "Gertrude," he visited Wilkes-Barre, and gave vent to his 
 experience in twelve well-turned Spenserians, full of broad sarcasm 
 and humorous cynicism at Campbell's expense. Mrs. Sigourney, 
 also, says something about us in her works. As for our native 
 writers who have apostrophized their home, their name is legion. 
 Concerning the varying abilities of these writers, readers may judge 
 for themselves from the seledlions of their work given in the follow- 
 ing pages. 
 
 It is perhaps unnecessary to say that the poem of Wyoming yet 
 remains to be written. Mere sentiment, which has been the parent 
 of all verse on the subject hitherto, must give place to a passion 
 more dignified before there can be produced a lasting and truthful 
 poem worthy of its undeniable beauty and romance. 
 
l^iteratur^? of U/yomi9(§ \/alley 
 
 EbiTOR'5 Note. 
 
 The following colledlion of the poetical produdlions of our local writers is only representa- 
 tive, and simply hints at the wealth and beauty of Wyoming Valley Literature. There are 
 many fine prose writers among ns, such as Judge D. L. Rhone, Mrs. Rhone, Judge G. M. 
 Harding, Mrs. K. R. Mayer, Miss Edith Brower, Mrs. Ulmsted nee Moore, Mrs. Juniata 
 Salisbury Marcy, C. Ben. Johnson, Dan. L. Hart the dramatist, and many others. 
 
 JOHN T. DOYLE, M. D., 
 
 An eminent physician and surgeon, is well known as a lecturer and a wit and 
 a brilliant writer; highly educated and has traveled extensively. Was born of 
 Irish parents, who gave him a thorough education. Contributed to the Sat- 
 urday Review in England and the Irish hidustrial Magazine, and was literary and 
 art correspondent from Australia from 1863 to 1865 for the London Illustrated 
 News. 
 
 IN THE SHADOWS. 
 
 I stand in the silence that death has made. The silken leaves, with their rustling sound, 
 
 By the side of my loved one's tomb, Strew softly the moss-clothed clay ; 
 
 And fondly fancy, her phantom shade And silvery grasses array the ground. 
 
 Is blent with the shadows that fall and fade As tho' e'en the earth she had meetly gowned, 
 
 O'er the grass-grown grave, where we mourning To welcome my steps to her lowly mound — 
 All the pride of her earthly bloom. [laid To her home in the shadows grey. 
 
 The flowers and buds that in death's dark day 'T is sweet to draw thus a balm for woe. 
 
 We wreathed on her robe of rest, From the shadow-laud's dole so dread ; 
 
 Seem springing to life from her shroud of clay, And to feel that fancy's enlivening glow. 
 
 And nod in a wistful and meaning way. Like distant sun as it shines on snow, 
 
 As though thro' their forms she would fain con- Blends with our sorrows, to kindly throw 
 A sign to my sadful breast. [vey In sheen o'er the dust of the dead. 
 
 The anthem'd winds that around me sing, O shrouds ! and sorrows ! and stillness deep ! 
 
 Are surely her spirit voice ; I thank ye, that after all 
 
 Forthey move likethe breath of anangel'swing, Ye yield me my love in the winds that creep, 
 As it used to do when 'twas wont to ring In the fragrant leaves that around me heap. 
 
 Thro' my raptured soul , and went caroling In the blossoms that waken and buds that sleep, — 
 
 To bid me in love rejoice. In the shadows that fade and fall. 
 
136 
 
 UTERATURE OF 
 
 THE VOICE OF THE WANDERING WIND. 
 
 There's a sympathy waked in my breast when 
 I hear 
 The voice of the wandering wind ; 
 For in days of my childhood my thoughts loved 
 
 to veer 
 With the wantoning wind in its restless career, 
 And in fancy I saw wondrous spirits appear 
 In the skirts of the wonderful wind. 
 
 To me, in its fiercest and wrathfulest tone, 
 
 There was meaning and beauty of form ; 
 As it wandered o'er earth with unloosened zone, 
 Defiant, untamable, gloomy, unknown — 
 'T was an aerial Ishmael, shunned and alone. 
 And outcast wind brooding in storm. 
 
 As it rose like a giant to rival the might 
 Of the thunder's imperial roar — 
 
 A towering phantom, it loomed on my sight. 
 
 With shaggy clouds bearded, and clothed like 
 night, [liglit, 
 
 And it shook its fierce wings in the bolt's lurid 
 While its warringnotesroUedo'er and o'er. 
 
 When it breathed thro' soft meadows and sough- 
 ed thro' tall trees, 
 'T was music, low, sweet, undefined, [bees. 
 And it sung like the humming of myriads of 
 Or the boom from the deep sounding send of 
 far seas, [glees. 
 
 Till my thoughts fell in love with its ravishing 
 And eloped with the eloquent wind. 
 
 But not always my fancy was free to compare 
 The wind with such earth-born change ; 
 
 There was mingled at times with the others a 
 share [as air, 
 
 Of that "voice from the burning bush," lofty 
 
 And I trembled within, overawed, as it were 
 By a feeling unspeakably strange. 
 
 And a deep diapason of concord burst bond, 
 With the mighty wind's chorus of song — 
 'T was as some disembodied voice making re- 
 spond 
 To the voice of the Infinite calling beyond — 
 Like the sound of the spreading of wings that 
 belonged 
 To an angel host rising in throng. 
 
 And my spirit uplifted was tempted to soar 
 On winged winds to the heavenly hight ; 
 
 For a moment I stood by "the beautiful shore, ' ' 
 
 'T was a glimmer of light, a bright fancy — no 
 more ; 
 
 Then away to the depths,to the gloom as before. 
 With vagrant winds roaming the night ! 
 
 Ever thus did my youth,with its fancyings free. 
 Lend my soul to the wind as it sung ; 
 
 Whether eagle-like soaring in loftiest key. 
 
 Or dove-like soft cooing, 't was all one to me ; 
 
 I was bent to its moods, I was moved as a tree. 
 By the wind as it settled or swung. 
 
 Ah ! me, times have changed, winds still rest- 
 lessly blow 
 And marshal their sounds, in my ears ; 
 But they fan not my fancy again to aglow. 
 And my thoughts are dull thoughts that relu(5t- 
 antly flow ; [ago 
 
 All the glad winds that sung to my heart long 
 Are sobbing winds, rainful of tears. 
 
 Loved forms still ride in the skirts of the gale. 
 
 As it wanders resistlessly past ; 
 But they show to me dimly and spectrally pale. 
 And beckon me to them as if thro' a veil. 
 Whilst a dying wind broods on my soul with its 
 wail — 
 I'm a broken reed bent by its blast. 
 
 THE CLAIMS OF THE BELLS. 
 
 A METAPHORICAI, JINGI,E. 
 
 The church bells from steeples are ringing their 
 Bing, bong ; [chimes, 
 
 A reverent, resonant, wrangle in rhymes ; 
 
 And the vibrant air, humming in sonorous waves. 
 
 Breaks in musical surf thro' the aisles and the 
 naves. 
 
 Baptizing the echoes in sandtified staves. 
 Ding, dong. 
 
 How the sounds, as they float on the wings of 
 the wind — 
 
 Bing, bang — 
 Embody as 'twere and bring forth to my mind 
 Tintinabulous messengers sent to coUeft 
 The stray sounds of Christendom into a sedt. 
 Harmonizing the chosen as — truly eledl ; 
 Cling, clang. 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 
 
 137 
 
 And sweet to one's heart as it is to one's ear — 
 
 Bim, bam — 
 'Mid the world's belligerent tumult to hear 
 Sounds appealing to cents, asking discord to stay 
 And list while the Bell-fry admonish and prey 
 l^hat the tolls may be gathered to one fold alway ; 
 
 Flim, flam. 
 
 Bach bell as it swings in its dome campanile 
 
 So — high, 
 Pitches sounds in a lofty self-sanctified style, 
 Religiously toney as if to imply, [fry ; 
 
 The " More holy than thou " at the other bell- 
 Ou the which all the rest, bellow forth in reply 
 
 You — lie. 
 
 In all matters profane such discordance would 
 Rang, clang — [show — 
 
 A certain old gentleman's work from below ; 
 But wondrous to tell ! when divines make the 
 
 laws, 
 And sefts-tone the regular bell-ringer claws 
 The rope that swings open old bel-zebub's jaws, 
 Swing-swang ; 
 
 The choice variations on discord are made, 
 
 Bang, bang, 
 A means of atonement to further and aid, 
 Xn bringing sweet har-money into the fold 
 (Of the garments) of those, who like Aaron of 
 
 old 
 Hem their kirtles with bells of Rabinical mould. 
 
 Whang, whang. 
 
 And they ne'er interrupt the grand dulcet refrain 
 
 Bong, bing. 
 Of the chorus of bells if they feel in the vane ; 
 For let this one ring in or let that one ring out. 
 Or another ring-cling over roof-tree, or spout. 
 Or together bell-mouth in a clapper-claw rout — 
 
 Clong, cling. 
 
 They all with an orthodox voice of their own. 
 
 Sing, song, [phone : 
 
 Alliterate something like this through their 
 ' 'Believers believe me by God ! I belong 
 To the church with the only true sanElified gong , 
 I'm the only one right, all the others are 
 Ding, dong. \wrong." 
 
 Ah me ! is it fancy or reason unstrung, 
 
 Bing, bang, 
 That makes me imagine each bell puts its tongue 
 Derisively out as it gets a good swing, 
 And wags it at those who are caught by its ring, 
 Whilst some crafty ecclesiarch pulls on the 
 
 Fling, flang. [string? 
 
 My conjecturing powers, I sadly confess'. 
 
 Sing, song, [guess 
 
 Are too much rattle-banged by the bells e'er to 
 Which is right, or which wrong, but where jan- 
 gles abound [found, 
 I, perhaps, may conclude on a theme so pro- 
 That the claim of each bell is most strikingly — 
 Ding, dong. [sound, 
 
 JOHN S. McGROARTY 
 
 Was born and educated in this valley. He is a young man whom all admire 
 "and respect, whose friends are legion, who, by foice of character, intelligence 
 and untiring energy, is as well and as favorably known as any young man in 
 this section. Has been a teacher, editor, and is now Treasurer of this county. 
 He has written many fine poems and prose articles. They are not only good 
 art, but a mirror of the many admirable qualities of the writer. His volume of 
 poetry, issued in 1886, entitled "The Poets and Poetr5r of Wyoming Valley," is 
 the only collection of valley poetry ever published. 
 
 A LOST FRIEND. 
 
 She was a maiden sweet and true. 
 No purer is the summer's dew 
 
 Than was the thought she'd speak ; 
 Oh, dark her eye was and her hair. 
 
 From out a close walled city's way 
 She came to spend a summer's day 
 
 Amid the peaceful homes 
 That stand the healthful hills among. 
 
138 
 
 LITERATURE OF 
 
 But never lily grew more fair, 
 Than was her brow and cheek. 
 
 And then it was my lot, full oft, 
 To clasp her hand so small and soft, 
 
 And hear her gentle speech, 
 And tell her each romantic tale 
 That hovered over hill and dale, 
 
 Where'er her gaze might reach. 
 
 Oh, sweet that summer was to me; 
 How happy did I grow to see 
 
 Her pale cheek softly show 
 That kisses from our valley's breeze, 
 And rambles 'mong her hills and trees. 
 
 Could bring again health's glow. 
 
 And then how hard to say farewell. 
 To break affection's happy spell. 
 
 And speak each other's name; 
 And tell of all the joys we'd known. 
 And the dear friendship that had grown, 
 
 Between us since she came. 
 
 Back to her home she went, and I 
 Think of her still, and think and sigh; 
 
 For that sweet face no more 
 Will see Wyoming's vale and skies. 
 While the dark lustre of her eyes 
 
 Grow happy, gazing o'er. 
 
 Where, in its grandeur fair and strong,. 
 The Susquehanna roams. 
 
 They took her to the city's ways, 
 Back where disease in grimness stays, 
 
 With all its sickly care: 
 And so it was that from her brow 
 Fled the soft color and the glow 
 Wyoming had left there. 
 
 Ah, nevermore can city din 
 
 Throb in thy temples, Florence Lynn, 
 
 Cold is thy pale cheek now: 
 Ruthless, the chilly reaper, Death, 
 Has blown his dead'ning, fatal breath. 
 
 Upon thy sweet, pale brow. 
 
 Florence! forever fare-thee-well. 
 My grief 't were vanity to tell — 
 
 You ne'er can hear my sighs; 
 You never now can know how dear 
 Were you to him who shed the tear 
 
 Whene'er these memories rise. 
 
 I know that now the spring-tide air 
 Blows o'er thy grave in Delaware. 
 
 And yet the dream will come 
 That faithful to thy promise made, 
 The footsteps that once hither strayed,. 
 
 Here once again will roam. 
 
 THERON G. OSBORNE, 
 
 (TOM AHEN,) 
 
 Was born at Lake Wynola,, Wyoming county, Pennsylvania. He was educated 
 in the public schools and Wyoming Seminary. For several years he was en- 
 gaged in newspaper work, the greater part of which was done on the Wilkes- 
 Barre Leader. He is now principal of the public schools at Minooka. As a 
 writer he is a ma.ster of the various forms of verse, has an extensive and well 
 chosen vocabulary, and his inspiration is drawn from the living present and 
 nature. His poems are delicate, refined, often subtle as well as strong. They 
 are neither passionate nor sensational, but full of the warmth, richness and beauty- 
 of true poetic feeling. 
 
 THE SLATE PICKERS. 
 
 Out of the rattle and roar and boom, 
 
 Clash and clang and rumble, 
 Grinding of wheels and fret and fume, 
 Culm of the chutes and the blackened room, 
 Night-elves wriggling out of gloom, 
 
 The breaker urchins tumble. 
 
 Glad of their freedom who can doubt ? 
 
 On with tremendous gabble 
 From night within to light without. 
 Swinging their cans with laugh and shout- 
 Kick and clatter, rant and rout. 
 
 Oh ! what a noisy rabble ! 
 
THE WYOMING. VALI^EY. 
 
 139 
 
 Up the street with scurry and din, 
 
 Iron-clad boots in riot, 
 Dancing a jig or barking a shin, 
 Doubly smutted on lip and chin. 
 Silhouettes of fantastic grin, 
 
 Charging on peace and quiet. 
 
 Droller specimens never were yet. 
 
 Never a troupe more merry. 
 Youth and maturity strangely met 
 In an aptness for toddy, a game or a bet, 
 A quid, a " cuss " or a cigarette, 
 A caromel or a cherry.- 
 
 Looking for jewels? here in the rough. 
 
 Grist of Toil's own grinding. 
 Sturdy and staunch whate'er the rebuff, 
 Giving a kick in exchange for a cuff. 
 Gnarled and twisted, knotted and tovigh — 
 Diamonds for the finding. 
 
 Strength that will rise to mountain height, 
 
 Impulse giving and sharing, 
 Firmness to stand in the face of might. 
 Courage to dare for the true and the right — 
 Mettle to temper the front of the fight 
 
 With many a noble daring. 
 
 VIOLETS. 
 
 Like the clear-toned trill of a singing bird, 
 'Mid a clang or discordant voices heard, 
 Came through the din of the noisy street 
 The childish accents, rippling sweet, 
 
 "Violets!" 
 
 "Violets!" 
 
 A timid form, a tattered gown, 
 Free, flowing hair of softest brown, 
 And eyes as rich in their azure hue 
 
 As the dainty gems held up to view — 
 Violets, 
 Violets. 
 
 Ah, who could fail, with saddened mind, 
 To chide himself, to chide mankind, 
 For social evils that have made 
 Such holy symbols stock in trade — 
 
 Violets ! 
 
 Violets ! 
 
 HER WEDDING DAY. 
 
 O tender grass ! with dewy jewels laden. 
 
 Red-gold in the morning ray, 
 You ne'er clad earth so rich for foot of maiden, 
 
 As for my feet to-day. 
 
 Stately moss rose, queen in thy modest dressing. 
 
 Bending above my way. 
 You never breathed so dear, so pure a blessing 
 
 As you breathe on me to-day. 
 
 Sweet-throated bird of olden oak and leaning. 
 Thy love-impassioned lay 
 
 Was never fraught with so divine a meaning 
 As 't is for me to-day. 
 
 Blitlie bee, fleet-loitering blooming hill and 
 On honied quest alway, [hollow, 
 
 My spirit never was so bent to follow 
 And sip as 't is to-day. 
 
 O blade and bloom and bird and bee! o'erflowing 
 
 With joy and love for aye. 
 How could you fail to set my bosom glowing ? 
 
 For this is my wedding day. 
 
 THREE YANKEE FAIRIES. 
 
 In a cavern mysterious. 
 
 Wonderful, curious, 
 Stalacftite, stalagmite on ceiling and floor 
 
 Dwell three little fairies 
 
 As blithe as canaries 
 Who dance all day long on an echoing shore. 
 
 And over and under, 
 
 An ominous thunder [clime 
 
 Reels through their retreat from some tvirbulent 
 
 Till you'd think in its antic, 
 
 'T would render them frantic. 
 Their ears are so keen to the touches of time. 
 
 But the thunderbolt's clamor. 
 
 Its fury and glamor. 
 Ne'er ripple the mirth of this pert little band. 
 
 For, when the bolts whistle. 
 
 Each catches a missile. 
 And fashions it into a magical wand. 
 
 Their dress is romantic ; 
 
 Caps, three-cornered, antique. 
 White vests with red trousers,and jackets of blue; 
 
 And no beings ever 
 
 Had such magic ; no, never ! 
 But here is an inkling of what they can do : 
 
140 
 
 LITERATURE OF 
 
 Is a heart to be captured ? 
 
 Delighted, enraptured, 
 Away o'er the meadows and clover-bloom sweet, 
 
 Where the maiden reposes, 
 
 Then from perfume of roses [plete. 
 They weave a sure web, and tlie work is com- 
 
 And if they want riches. 
 
 These gay little witches, [join ! 
 
 They hie where the bright fountains bubbling 
 
 A motion — each bubble 
 
 Has grown to a pebble, 
 A touch, and each pebble 's a jingling coin. 
 
 Then in revel delirious. 
 
 Regal, imperious, [ring. 
 
 With gold-spangled trappings that glisten and 
 
 In derision they 'd pinion, 
 
 The aesthete for a minion. 
 And dance in high jest on the nose of a king. 
 
 Is fame their desire ? 
 
 They have but to require, [feet. 
 
 And the mountain-bom echo lies tame at their 
 
 Again at their willing, 
 
 With obedience thrilling. 
 It is off and forever their names to repeat. 
 
 And if they would gain 
 
 Fame ultra-mundane — ■ 
 A word — winged monsters the stars to explore ; 
 
 Once more of their magic, 
 
 (And oh, 'twould be tragic,) [four. 
 
 They might drive this world like carriage and 
 
 And these three little fairies. 
 
 As blithe as canaries. 
 Who, in all that they wish, are so certain to win. 
 
 Triumvirate, pranky, 
 
 Are decidedly Yankee, [Chin. 
 
 And their practical titles are Cheek, Lip and 
 
 THE PATCHES ON HIS COAT. 
 
 Long purses do not always sport 
 
 The highest kind of hat. 
 Nor fine clothes always indicate 
 
 A bank account that's fat ; 
 And your judgment of your neighbor 
 
 Will sometimes be remote. 
 By adverse calculations 
 
 On the patches of a coat. 
 
 Oh, the patches, big and little. 
 
 Placed on crosswise, up and down, — 
 The worsted on the shoddy. 
 
 The green upon the brown, — 
 The dainty ones that, stitched with care, 
 
 Such loving hands denote — 
 There are lessons for the learning 
 
 In the patches of a coat ! 
 
 See that school boy coming yonder. 
 Bravely through the battling snow ! 
 
 Basket swinging, tippet flying, 
 And with cheek and eye aglow. 
 
 Ah, what scenes of joy and comfort 
 In his home-turned vision float ! 
 
 You can tell it by the patches — 
 Dainty patches on his coat. 
 
 Mark you, too, that young mechanic. 
 
 Striding onward through the mart. 
 There is vigor in his bosom 
 
 And courage in his heart. 
 Would you know a wife's devotion ? 
 
 You may read it where she wrote. 
 All unconscious, in the stitching 
 
 Of the patches on his coat. 
 
 Take the laborer or tradesman, 
 
 Miner grim, or weary swain, 
 Read the story of the patches, 
 
 And the owner's life is plain ; 
 Husband, wife — one to the other — 
 
 Worth a fortune or a groat, 
 Love and joy, negledl and sorrow, 
 
 In the patches of a coat. 
 
 D. M. JONES, Esq. 
 
 The subject of this sketch, was born in New York city, September 2d, 1843. 
 Graduated from the Scranton High School, and also at the University at Lewis- 
 burg, now Bucknell College, Pennsylvania, a member of the class of '67. Took 
 the degree of Master of Arts in 1870, on which accasion he read a poem before 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 141 
 
 the Alumni Society. In 1880, he was the chosen poet of the literary society 
 of his Alma-Mater and recited a poem, written by him for the occasion, on 
 William Lloyd Garrison. He has written considerable verse, much of which 
 was published in the metropolitan press, and many hundreds of lines in the lead- 
 ing columns of the Boston Pilot. But all this was the work of his leisure hours. 
 A lawyer by profession, he has been actively engaged in the practice of law for 
 twenty years. With a mind, in reality, better adapted to the law than to litera- 
 ture, his ability and general equipment as a lawyer has been, perhaps, too 
 much lost sight of by reason of his popularity as a poet. Lippincott & Com- 
 pany issued his first volume of verse, entitled "Lethe and Other Poems," in 
 1882, and is now preparing a second volume for publication. Has been at 
 various times the chosen poet of the Grand Army on Decoration Day, of the 
 Robert Emmet Anniversary, was the orator Decoration Day in 1891, at Forty 
 Fort, and the orator of the Grand Army exercises at Music Hall, Decoration 
 
 Day, 1892. 
 
 LOVE'S WOUNDS. 
 
 Life the first-born of Eden's bowers, Death Last, 
 
 And Love that came beetwen — Mysterious Three; 
 
 O Life and Death, at last on which of ye 
 Shall blame of Love, unkindest hurt be cast? 
 All located there, and every sorrow passed. 
 
 Whose pitying hand, whose balsam-dropping tree 
 
 Left for those wounds and all that misery 
 The sweetest cordial ? Death's the iconoclast ? 
 Oh! Life, I fiSar, Love at the Last will say 
 
 That thou, not Death, didst him severely smite 
 And tell how, when he faint and bleeding lay 
 
 By Time's roadside. Death softened at the sight. 
 
 And decently enwrapping them in white 
 Took all the soreness from his wounds away. 
 
 BURIED LOVE'S EPITAPH. 
 
 Kind words, warm as Love's heart, Love's Living breath. 
 
 In marble cold and white: O subtle flame 
 
 Within whose charmed circle one dear name 
 Defeateth the devouring jaws of death! 
 Not heeding what the night wind muttereth, 
 
 Smiling thro' storm and sunshine just the same, 
 
 In this love shelter, more secure than fame. 
 Content with what surviving Love's heart saith 
 The marble's time-swept snow may drift away. 
 
 lONE H. KENT, 
 
 Was born in California, and now resides at Waymart, Pennsylvania. She is a 
 graduate of the Art League, of New York city. She was one of the art critics 
 
142 
 
 LITERATURE OF 
 
 for the World and Express. 
 periodicals of the country, 
 poems from the German. 
 
 Her poems have appeared in most of the leading 
 She has made some fine translations of Heine's 
 
 OUTWARD BOUND. 
 
 Far out like saowy-winged butterflies 
 
 The sails flash white in the sun, 
 And the waves roll in but they bring no word 
 
 From the ships they meet, one by one. 
 
 The waves roll in with their tawny hues, 
 Blendings of green where an opal dies 
 
 Threaded with gold and a mocking light 
 Like the depths of a siren's eyes. 
 
 Only thy murmur a message brings, 
 O sea, from the outward bound 
 
 To comfort the lonely they leave on shore 
 And the comfort with sorrow is crowned. 
 
 The storm put out the moon, as did the Moor 
 Fair Desdemona's lamp; its passion spent 
 Southward it flees, while Night on vigil bent 
 
 Her rainbeads tells in reverie sweet and pure. 
 
 The wet leaves rustle strangely in the wind, 
 Lisping like waves that lap a lonely shore, 
 Hinting fantastic laughter, gloating o'er 
 
 The dripping forest tangles few may find. 
 
 VIGIL. ■ 
 
 While I, with eyes by sleep unvisited 
 Send forth my spirit on the midnight deep 
 To seek out yours, in fancy you may keep 
 
 Some thought more sweet, some word as yet 
 unsaid. 
 
 How needless were the touch of lip or hand 
 To souls that meet, and meeting, understand! 
 
 THE LOST MAY. 
 
 Each year the sassafras with feathery gold 
 Bursts forth like sunshine woven into bloom; 
 
 The orchards foam with sweetness and unfold 
 In brighter growth each day. The shy per- 
 fume 
 
 Qf woods steals out with subtle hints of deeps 
 
 Fern-scented where a long dim twilight sleeps. 
 
 The milk-white cherry blossoms drop their 
 pearls 
 
 Upon the grass set thick with violets, 
 And deftly by the road the brake uncurls 
 
 From web-like wrappings and the maple lets 
 Its coral pendants stir uneasily 
 As quick with life and loth to set it free. 
 
 And when the wind at winter midnight shrills 
 Past, like the spirit of a long regret 
 
 That's voiced in nature and the darkness thrills 
 With loneliness and sleepless eyes are wet; 
 
 When all the pent up agony has room 
 
 To free itself enshrouded in the gloom; 
 
 The earth still dreams amid the piercing chill 
 That holds life in a trance, of days to come, 
 
 When from the dewy mazes shall distil 
 
 The sweets of May. But they whose hearts 
 are numb. 
 
 They know that only once for them may dawn 
 
 Life's May-time and its tender hours are gone. 
 
 The heavens quicken with a newer life; 
 
 The stars grow timid and the shadows shrink 
 Behind the hedges in the noiseless strife 
 
 Of Day with Night. We tremble on the brink 
 Of sound amid a silence so intense 
 
 We dread to have it broken, till a bird 
 
 DAWN. 
 With 
 
 -then hushed 
 
 one sweet strain of song- 
 again. 
 As if a violin-bow lightly drawn 
 Across the strings at prelude, should pause then 
 One breathless moment — till the white-winged 
 dawn 
 
 In yonder thorn-bush, startled, breaks the sense Flashes thro' hollow skies, and eastward grows 
 Of stillness and the dewy leaves are stirred With trembling leaves the morning's fairest 
 
THE WYOMING VAIvIvEY. 143 
 
 EDWARD ALEXANDER NIVEN 
 
 Was born in I,ivingston county, New York, and raised in Buffalo. In 1856 he 
 went to New York city, and entered the mercantile business in the wholesale 
 hardware firm of which his uncle was a member. Commerce was not to his 
 liking, and he quietly drifted into newspaper work. In 1861 he enlisted and 
 served nearly two years in the Army of the Potomac, being taken prisoner at the 
 battle of Savage's Station, June 29, 1862. He subsequently served in a battery 
 of light artillery with Sherman's army, in the famous march to the sea. Return- 
 ing to New York after the war, Mr. Niven went to work as a reporter, and served 
 in that capacity for eight or nine years in that city. He afterwards traveled as 
 a correspondent for several papers, and during his career as a newspaper man 
 has worked on some of the most popular journals from Maine to California. Mr. 
 Niven's great-grandfather, Daniel Niven, was a Captain of Engineers in the 
 War of the Revolution, and raised a company at Newburg, New York. He has 
 written much in his time for magazines and weekly story papers, but newspaper 
 work claimed his constant attention. 
 
 SABBATH BELLS. 
 
 When the Sabbath bells are ringing And there comes again to me 
 
 And blossoms greet the eye ; The music of a song I learned 
 
 When the merry birds are singing Beside my mother's knee 
 
 Where the woodland shadows lie. When the Sabbath bells were ringing. 
 
 Then 'neath the spell of mem' ry „,, i. o ui, ^i. u ,1 ■ ■ 
 
 _ , . „ -^ When the Sabbath bells are ringing 
 
 From care my heart is free, 
 
 Childhood's days come back again, 
 And my lonely heart, outflinging 
 All its sorrow, beats as then ; 
 When the Sabbath bells are ringing. ^^^^^j^ ^^ j^^j^^ ^^ whitening slowly 
 
 And I'm a little child again 
 Beside my mother's knee 
 
 When the Sabbath bells are ringing And the grave hides all from me, 
 
 In the summer time so sweet, Thank God for loving songs I heard 
 
 And the sun his gold is flinging Beside my mother's knee 
 
 Where the lane and orchard meet. When the Sabbath bells were ringing. 
 
 Then I close my eyes and listen, 
 
 UNFAILING. 
 
 Say, Hannah, can you tell me why the papers of to-day. 
 About the marriage bus'ness have so very much to say ? 
 Is there no such thing as honor now, where Cupid's bow is hung. 
 No lovin' like there used to be, when you and I were young? 
 
 'T is lorty years ago, when by the homestead hearth, dear wife, 
 We stood afore the preacher and bound ourselves for life ; 
 Your cheeks were like the roses then, your tresses dark as night. 
 While flashin' 'neath your lashes, dear, was Heaven's holy light. 
 
 I mind me of our sparkin' time, the gladness that was real. 
 When you and I together sat close by the spinnin' wheel. 
 
144 I^ITERATURE OF 
 
 with the kettle singin' softly just before us on the hearth, 
 And both our hearts rejoicin' in the glow of honest mirth. 
 
 Oh ! those were happy days, dear, when Love began to shed 
 
 Its blossoms on the pathway that just before us spread. 
 
 And, Hannah, though your tresses dark have long since turned to gray, 
 
 The roses that were on your cheeks are bloomin' there to-day. 
 
 And as I look at you to-night, you seem the same to me 
 As when I met you first, dear heart, beneath the old roof-tree ; 
 The music of your voice the same, that cheered and gladdened so, 
 In those early days of happiness, some forty years ago. 
 
 We've had our ups and downs, dear wife, with grief been made acquaint. 
 But IvOve has ever held a balm to soften Sorrow's plaint ; 
 At times, when darkest clouds obscured the daylight from our way. 
 How soon they passed, when you, dear wife, bent silently to pray. 
 
 Oh ! Hannah, I have often thought, when absent from your side, 
 What might have been my lot if you had never been my bride ; 
 How different might have been the life that love has gilded so, 
 If you had not stood by my side, some forty years ago. 
 
 And sittin' by the fire to-night, I fold you in my arms. 
 And wonder whether Heaven holds a gift of sweeter charms ; 
 Enriched by time, your precious life has grown into my own. 
 While glad contentment's holy light o'er both our hearts is thrown. 
 
 Though wild the winter night without, with echoes so forlorn. 
 Serene as paradise, the spot where our first babe was born. 
 And though the band is scattered now that once rejoiced us so. 
 Thank God the same old love remains of forty years ago ! 
 
 It can't be long afore, dear wife, we'll enter Heaven's day. 
 For both our heads are holdin' now its glory streaks of gray, 
 And though we part this side the grave, the one who goes afore 
 Shall briefly wait to greet again the lovin' mate of yore. 
 
 With rounded years of wedded bliss, God's angel standin' near. 
 And lovin' as we used to love, oh what have we to fear ? 
 Eternity shall blossom with the sweetness and the glow 
 Of the flower our fond hearts planted some forty years ago. 
 
 Mrs. H. G. WATRES, 
 
 The mother of Louis A. Watres, Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania, lived and 
 died in Lackawanna county. Her poems appeared in the leading publications 
 and her published collection of poems, " Cobwebs," was well received. 
 
 WYOMING. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY. 
 
 Over the dust of a century's dead. Soft as the strains of the lute o'er the sea. 
 
 Hushed be our laughter and muffled our tread; Let the deep chords of our symphonies be; 
 Voice no loud anthem ; we stand where they Noiseless the footfall, and low-bowed the head, 
 
 stood — [blood; Over the dust of a century's dead. 
 
 Kinsmen that hallowed the turf with their 
 
THE WYOMING VAI,I,EY. 
 
 145 
 
 Who has not shuddered, with cheeks ashen pale 
 At the appalliflg and soul-thrilling tale, 
 Traced o'er the page of a weird long ago. 
 With the deep pathos of measureless woe ? 
 Who never traversed — the' seas roll between — 
 Cool breathing wildwood and shadowed ravine, 
 Where rang the war-whoop and bended the bow 
 Of a red-handed and treacherous foe ? 
 
 Curls the blue smoke from homes so apart 
 That never quickened a throb of the heart, 
 O'er the dire story of rapine and wrong. 
 Blighting our beautiful valley so long ? 
 Stretches a solitude — gloom-girt and far — 
 Where gleams a sunbeam or glitters a star, 
 That never caught, from the night- wailing blast, 
 Hints of our tragic and terrible past ? 
 
 As clears the mist from the forehead of night. 
 Brightened the sky: see! what sparkle, what 
 
 light. 
 O'er the green slope of meadow and hill. 
 Where the wild roses are nodding at will : 
 
 Over the river that moaned in its flow, 
 Twice fifty perilous summers ago. 
 Where by its tide in the sunset's low fires. 
 Fell, with slow torture, our fiend-hunted sires. 
 
 Down the far centuries — winding their way 
 'Mong the gray vapors of time — shall the clay. 
 Tenderly wrapped at the granite's pure feet, 
 Be all forgot in life's hurry and heat ? 
 No! sob the waves from the muse-haunted shore; 
 No! sighs the forest, with arms drooping lower; 
 Nor may the years — swift as eagles above. 
 Purge the red stain from the Valley we love. 
 
 Over a century's historic dust, 
 This be our legacy, this our proud trust — 
 That no invading and arrogant tread 
 Press the dear turf folded over our dead: 
 And the sweet tide of each incoming spring 
 To our fair homes no disloyalty bring: 
 This be our legacy, tliis our proud trust. 
 Over a century's love-hallowed dust. 
 
 MY POEM. 
 
 A moonless night, when the old forests shiver- 
 By gales from the seaward torn; [ed — 
 
 A pang, a passion, and a joy all crowning. 
 And thou, beloved, wert born. 
 
 Thou liest beside me, tender, voiceless, plead- 
 All worn and weary I; [ing! 
 
 And yet to call thee mine, a half smile lightly 
 Beats back the started sigh. 
 
 Thou grewest shaped in sadness and in long- 
 How else should child of mine, [ing; 
 
 When the great world its cruel wrongs went cry- 
 And my life nourished thine. [iigi 
 
 I smile and weep by turns, and would caress 
 And yet between us stands [thee 
 
 The scoffer Doubt, with menacing and mock- 
 And I withdraw my hands. [ing! 
 
 Shall others call thee fair, oh, born of sorrow, 
 
 Or is it only I ? 
 Should I unloose the cage that holds the cap- 
 
 And bid thee outward fly ? [five, 
 
 Is there a heart, of all that hold their throb- 
 To listen human song, [bings 
 
 To thrill responsive witli the same sad passion, 
 That swept my own so long ? 
 
 Into some home where souls are sick with wait- 
 A sweet hope long deferred, [ing 
 
 Would the dull eye glance upward at thy com- 
 As at the spring-time bird ? [ingi 
 
 If thou shouldst flutter softly forth, and follow 
 
 The pathway of the morn. 
 Afar my life would watch thee, and remember 
 
 The hour when thou wert born. 
 
 W. GEORGE POWELL 
 
 Was born at Scranton, in 1866, but lived during the most important period of his 
 life at St. Clair, Schuylkill county. In 1S86 he removed to Kingston, and 
 three years later accepted the position of Principal of the Hyde Park Preparatory 
 School in his native city, where he .still remains. During the last summer he 
 spent ten weeks in Europe, visiting poetic shrines in England, France, and 
 
146 UTERATURE OF 
 
 Switzerland. The literary productions of Mr. Powell nowhere betray the work 
 of the novice. Whatever is attempted or determine'! upon is completed in an 
 artistic manner, strongly sustained, thorough and masterly. Neither is he lured 
 away from the chosen line of pursuit by flowery by-paths into which so many 
 are tempted. With a keen regard for consistency he keeps steadily on, satisfied 
 to avail himself of the material that falls naturally in his way, never sacrificing 
 the end in view to an undue poetic flight, a far-fetched figure or a brilliant array 
 of well-sounding, but unnecessary words. I,ike all student authors, Mr. Powell 
 is an experimenter and he has written on all sorts of subjects, both in prose and 
 verse. But whatever the nature of the theme in hand, his style and expression 
 are in true accord therewith, be it the creation of a poem, the analysis of a rock, 
 or a critique on literature. But although brilliant as an all-around writer, it is 
 chiefly as a poet we would regard him ; for whether he writes in verse or prose, 
 whether he weaves the dainty texture of a dream or wields the sharp blade of 
 literary or scientific discussion, his poetic temperament shines forth at times like 
 mica in the sand, and again with the glory of dawn, but bespeaking ever the 
 genuine poetic fire within. Were we disposed to find fault it would be an easy 
 matter to point out defects as to minor particulars, versification and sentiment. 
 Our greatest writers are not free from shortcomings, especially in their earlier 
 writings. But if it be not out of order in^the purpose of the present article, we 
 might express the o.pinion that the greatest defect of our author is too violent 
 self-criticism, the outcome of possessing a high ideal of the art and resulting in 
 a temerity to spread his wings to a more untrammeled and lofty flight. This 
 after a review of his published writings, but more especially of his many unpub- 
 lished ones, which show in a greater degree the extent of his resources and the 
 fertility of his powers. Were he less occupied in the educational field, wherein 
 he is engaged, and more necessitated to write and publish, we believe he would 
 prove himself capable of the highest results in literature. 
 
 REVERY. 
 
 (Unpublished Poems, 1891.) 
 
 I walk beneath the dense, moon-hiding trees; And now, I come into the open field. 
 
 The crickets rasp their wings more timidly. With eyes uplifted toward creation's chart; 
 
 And not so much from fear, it seems, of me. The serious, patient stars are coldly steeled — 
 As with a gentle reverence to please, [seize. They give no sign to make the true word 
 Listening, as though my fancies they would start. 
 
 I bend my head to their sweet courtesy; O soul, wilt thou not to expression yield ? 
 
 Through them, I feel the earth's mute sym- Why be nor deaf nor blind, yet dumb, O 
 pathy heart. 
 
 With these high moods, to which speech has no 
 key. 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^IvEY. 147 
 
 THACKERAY. 
 
 POETIC SATEI,I,ITES. 
 
 O Thackeray, not as it has been deemed In its own saddened song. 
 
 By hasty readers, is thy flashing page; Cherished caress 
 
 Not cynical, and cold, and showing rage [ed. Ne'er came, but icy fling of sphinx-like stare. 
 But ill-concealed — as some have careless dream- To greet his fond affections in the ranks 
 Ah, no! thy wounded tone was such as beamed Of selfish men. They left him penniless. 
 From heart where love was shut as in a cage. Like a spendthrift robbed of all but care. 
 And captive held, while no one would assuage His giant gift returned with dwarfish thanks. 
 Its pangs with sympathy, like that which 
 streamed 
 
 THE QUIET EARTH. 
 (Unpublished Poems, 1891.) 
 This noisy world — the phrase is often heard; A silence is a mimic death incurred. 
 But such the earth is not, except to him, j^ j^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^ t\,ovi^\i'. 
 
 With pavement-staring eyes and fancy dim, ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ stretches of ocean's waste; 
 
 Who ne'er beyond the city wall has stirred. q^ ^^^pj^ ^^j^^ ^jpj^^ p^^^ snow-wrought; 
 
 The stern, mute realm of space frights not the Old Egypt's sands; the Arctics, ice encased — 
 bird He then will feel that all man's shrieking riot. 
 
 Forever used o'er leagues of calm to skim; Is but a sigh in earth's eternal quiet. 
 
 But, to your street-entangled burgher prim, 
 
 THE BETTER LIFE. 
 (Unpublished Poems.) 
 
 The mountain height And lo! these teach— 
 
 Has brighter day and briefer night Above the dull, brown earth of speech. 
 
 Than lowly vale. The wings of thought 
 
 The air is clearer, Should soar transcendent. 
 
 And Heaven with its stars is nearer. With glories of the soul attendant, 
 
 Than through the vapors purple-pale To heights from purity snow- wrought, 
 
 Of dark-retreating, sunken dale. Where man to God is nearer brought. 
 
 HARRISON WRIGHT, Ph. D. 
 
 Mr. Wright, probably the most scholarly of the historic Wright family, pre- 
 pared many valuable papers, of a scientific, historical or a general character. 
 His untimely death was a severe loss to higher culture in Wyoming Valley. 
 The following verses represent his metrical compositions : 
 
 KL^NGE DER LIEBE. 
 
 It was long, long ago, on a summer day, But the soul of the player was all my own, 
 Far over the cruel sea, And its " Klaenge der Liebe " were mine. 
 
 That Gretchen at the piano sat Young Gretchen died, so the sad news came 
 Playing ' ' Klaenge der Liebe ' ' for me. years ago from over the sea. 
 
 The piano was rickety, patched-up and old, But in memory I see her sitting there yet, 
 And its tones were far from divine. Playing " Klaenge der Liebe " to me. 
 
148 
 
 LITERATURE OF 
 
 CELA FAIT UN EFFET SI DROLE. 
 
 Is it fair -when you glance at a maid, 
 In the glance throwing all of your soul, 
 
 To be told by the charming young maid 
 " Cela fait xm effet si drole?" 
 
 Is it fair when you press a soft hand 
 Till your warm blood tempestuous doth roll, 
 
 To be told by the owner in fee, 
 ' ' Cela fait un effet si drole ?" 
 
 Is it fair when you kiss ruby lips. 
 
 Till your heart throbs you cannot control. 
 To hear then the same lips repeat 
 
 "Cela fait un effet si drole ?" 
 
 SUSAN E. DICKINSON, 
 
 Sister of Anna Dickinson, has contributed to the metropolitan press for many 
 years. She is now on the editorial staff of the Scra7iton Truth. 
 
 FISHER'S SONG. 
 
 (Written to the air " Let All Obey, 
 
 Wake, comrades, wake, to greet the morn! 
 
 When sunrise smiles in orient skies. 
 Our boat upon the lake upborne 
 
 Should gently float till daylight dies. 
 
 Chorus: 
 
 No joy of summer's greenwood bowers 
 
 Is like the angler's for delight; 
 Who spends with us the golden hours 
 
 Will find them well his choice requite. 
 
 For us the wood-thrush tunes his song; 
 
 ' from Balfe's Opera, " The Knchautress.") 
 
 For US the forest's balmy air; 
 Ours, too, while summer days are long, 
 The sweetest rest from toil and care. 
 Chorus: No joy, etc. 
 
 Haste, comrades, haste! Not ours to sigh,. 
 
 " Oh, for a boy's free life once more!" 
 No child heart can earth, wave and sky 
 
 So crown with gladness brimming o'er. 
 Chorus: No joy, etc. 
 
 Mrs. VERONA COE HOLMES 
 
 Was born in Michigan. Her father was a minister. She was carefullj' educated 
 and was a teacher for a number of years. She now resides in West Pittston. 
 Some of her poems have not been surpassed by any lady writer of the present 
 day. 
 
 ONE NIGHT. 
 
 (From the Wyoming Magazine.) 
 
 I heard the spring rain falling, in the night ; 
 And lying long awake, bethought me, then. 
 Of waste and solitary ways, of vale and height, 
 Remote and vague, unvisited of men : 
 
 Of lone pine-barrens where the twinkling eyes 
 Of forest-fires were winking, and of all 
 The by and brambly paths, the wooded rise. 
 The fallow fields whereon the night rains fall. 
 
 I heard the risen stream, along the glade. 
 Run noisily; and thought of nooks and caves 
 Rain-drenched, of tiny, wrinkled lakelets made 
 
 I slipped, methought, the leash of flash and ran 
 Untired, alone, among the rainy hills; 
 Along the woods where restive buds began 
 To bulge and burst. I felt impulsive thrills,. 
 
 The inner tumult, and strenuous stir 
 Of quickened germs; a sudden passion rife; 
 In riven husk and seed-pod sepulcher. 
 Declared the "Resurrection and the Life." 
 
 I, running, read the riddle of the earth 
 
 The hidden thing, the subtle and the strange ; 
 
 Perceived that Life led on from birth to birth 
 
 In grassy hollows,'twixtoldchurch-yard graves. Up, up the mounting spiral-rounds of change. 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 
 
 149 
 
 Ivife all about, iu stem and bough and bud, 
 Annouuced itself; where low in ruin lay 
 The rotting bole, there life arose, renewed, 
 Intensified and strengthened through decay. 
 
 I learned the vernal processes, the might 
 Of moisture and of warmth. My spirit scanned 
 The labors of the Lord by that strange "light 
 That never is nor was on sea or land." 
 
 And I discerned in frost, and fire and wind. 
 Sun-warmth and vernal rains, in drouth and 
 
 dearth, 
 Earthquake and flood, creative forces joined. 
 To change and cheer, to mar and mold the earth. 
 
 " My homing spirit called aloud, elate — 
 I see the broken bud, the leaf uncurled. 
 The storms thatsmite, the seas thatrise; I wait, 
 I watch, the ceaseless building of a world." 
 
 I, THE CRICKET. 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — 
 
 I sit on the door-stone and rasp my wings. 
 
 As the cool comes on and the darkness brings 
 
 Owlet and bat and fire-fly fine 
 
 Into this dusky domain of mine. 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — 
 
 I keep open house, for a hinge let go [fro — 
 In a month-ago wind-storm, and forward and 
 At the beck of the breeze — tip-tilted, askew. 
 Swings the doorthe.day long or the gusty night 
 through. 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — 
 
 I keep open house; those holes in the wall 
 Out-staring, opaque, are the windows. The hall 
 Opens wide to all weathers. The shower and 
 
 the shine 
 Come at will, go at will, in this mansion of 
 
 mine. 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — 
 
 I'm a sociable soul. I've a comrade's regard 
 
 For the burrowing mole, in the nettle-choked 
 
 yard. 
 And the blundersome beetle, that buzzes and 
 
 booms — 
 Of a moonlighted night — through the echoing 
 
 rooms. 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — 
 
 Here was gladness, here grief, in the days that 
 
 are gone. 
 Here was warmth, where the hearthsti les lie 
 
 shattered and prone. 
 But failed has the flame and the sight and the 
 
 song, [long. 
 
 And alone, I, the cricket, chirp blithely and 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — [set 
 
 Who were here have departed. The sweet brier 
 Where a hedge was aforetime survives them as 
 yet. [wall. 
 
 Near the jungle of vines in yon nook of the 
 See, their pied tiger-lilies rise tawny and tall. 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — [days 
 
 Yet to me what their feasts or their fasts, or the 
 Of their births or bereavements ? I lie in the 
 haze, [to be 
 
 And the summer is sweet, and to breathe and 
 Is wealth for a happy-go-lucky like me. 
 
 Kr-r-ee! Kr-r-ee! — [on ; 
 
 So I chirp my delight, when the evenings Qome 
 Soft sandaled, gray-kirtled, from under the 
 
 stone 
 At the spider-webbed door-way I flit unafraid. 
 And my own love I woo, with my shrill sere- 
 nade. 
 
 BENJAMIN H. PRATT 
 
 Was introduced to the light and air of this dizzy sphere of existence on the 
 tenth day of August, 1834, in the town of Taunton, State of Massachusetts. 
 He worried through teething in Boston, donned his first pants in New York 
 city, endured his initial educational coercion in Brooklyn, New York, and con- 
 tinued the ordeal of scholastic training in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He was 
 further grounded in the "three R's" at the district school of Ralston, 
 
ISO 
 
 I.ITERATURE OF 
 
 Pennsylvania. His preparation for college was compelled at the Danville, 
 Pennsylvania, Academy, and in 1853 he was matriculated at I^afayette College, 
 Easton, Pennsylvania, from which institution he was graduated in 1857. The 
 eight succeeding years were occupied with the study and practice of dentistry at 
 Elmira and Bath, New York, when failing health caused an abandonment of his 
 chosen profession. A two-years' course of medical study, combined with jour- 
 nalistic work on the Elmira Advertiser and Gazette and the Troy Times, satisfied 
 him that a due regard for health necessitated a change of occupation. Called to 
 the principalship of the Danville, Pennsylvania, Academy, he filled that posi- 
 tion three years, after which he became a member of the bookselling firm of 
 Hall & Pratt, at Scranton, removing there in 1870. The life of the firm was 
 three years, and Mr. Pratt became the city editor of the Scranton Daily Times, 
 occupying the position four years. In 1877 he became the I,egislative reporter 
 of the Scranton Republican, and afterward its Wilkes-Barre manager. After 
 oscillating between the Scranton and Wilkes-Barre departments of the Republi- 
 can for twelve years, in 1889 he was appointed Assistant Postmaster at Scranton, 
 Pennsylvania, which position he at present holds. 
 
 STRAPPING A TRUNK. 
 
 The romance of a summer trip consists en- 
 tirely in thinking about it. It's all very pleas- 
 ant to think up what you'll wear, and all the 
 nice places you'll go to and see, and how you'll 
 do just as you please, with no business to both- 
 er you, and all that. The reality of the thing, 
 however, is very irksome, and about the first 
 real drawback you experience is in getting 
 your trunk ready for the hackman. Wife 
 conies to you all smiles and just running over 
 with the joy and excitement of going away, 
 and reports everything all ready except " O, 
 Bearie ! there is that trunk of mine to be clos- 
 ed up and strapped. ' ' You find the trunk in 
 a hot closet ; it's just foaming over with ap- 
 parel. You begin to poke and prod it — push 
 and squeeze it — press the lid down and find it 
 won't shut within three inches — repeat the pro- 
 cess — sit down on it — jump on it — and finally 
 get it sprung to. Then you find the straps and 
 try to buckle one — pull and tug and sweat — 
 hole doesn't come right. You take your jack- 
 knife and make a new hole, and pulling it 
 through the buckle, try again with no success — 
 hole isn't big enough — cut again, and being a 
 
 trifle mad by this time, you cut carelessly and 
 sever the strap. Then you are mad. You ex- 
 amine the trunk carefully and conclude that 
 one strap will hold it, so you give all your 
 muscle to the other one, and just as you are 
 congratulating yourself that the buckle-tongue 
 is going nicely into the hole, wife calls from 
 below to say the hack's come and are you 
 ready? and you give one final strain which 
 bursts the biickle off, and as it's too late for re- 
 pairs you are well nigh a maniac in looks and 
 feelings and actions. But you smother your 
 wrath and wipe your face with your span clean 
 handkerchief, telling the hackman to take the 
 
 trunk and go to well, wherever you're 
 
 going ; and you tear around in such a state as 
 to overhear your wife say to a neighbor, who 
 has called to say good by, "it always makes 
 him mad to strap a trunk," and she's right. 
 If we have to strap trunks we want a harness 
 shop handy by, and somebody to call on for 
 appropriate expressions that hasn't got any 
 quaker notions in his head about some things 
 not orthodox. 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.LEY. 
 
 151 
 
 MINT JULEP. 
 
 If there is any doubt in your mind as to the 
 nature of this compound, you may satisfy your- 
 self by having a few made to order, and absorb- 
 ing them into your system. You will discover, 
 upon going out, that nature has assumed a 
 misty veil, and single objects are becoming 
 twofold in character, and are flippantly en- 
 gaged in tripping each other fantastically. 
 The walks will playfully remind you of ' ' tick- 
 ly bender" days, and ebb and flow in graceful 
 undulations beneath and about you, If you 
 can tear yourself from the fascinations of these 
 novel scenes, and seek the quiet precincts of 
 your cottage home, you will be surprised at 
 the number of residences on your street, sim- 
 ilar to your own, and smile at your success in 
 being able to enter them all at once. The plu- 
 rality of wives and children within, and espec- 
 ially the twin babies, will absorb your interest 
 for a while, so that you will scarcely mind the 
 tears of your several wives, and their repeated 
 inquiries as to what respect you can have for 
 
 them, and their reminders of your marital 
 promises to respect, etc. You will find relief 
 possibly in mentioning to them that there is 
 no law compelling them to stay there, and that 
 upon second thought it would improve matters 
 to eliminate the whole party. It may enter 
 your mind to apply physical force in eifecting 
 this, and over estimation of your ability may 
 result in a reverse, and the fracture of sundry 
 articles of the household, in the possession of 
 which you have been in the afore time proud. 
 Then you will lie down, and gaze upon a pecu- 
 liar figure in the carpet, display your disgust 
 therefor by covering it ignominiously with a 
 miscellaneous compound, the several ingredi- 
 ents of which will be recognized as being a 
 portion of the viands your dinner table afford- 
 ed. Sleep will doubtless close the animated 
 scene, and on the following morning you will 
 probably decline the delicacies your only re- 
 maining wife has so thoughtfully provided for 
 her wretch. 
 
 LUCK! 
 
 Don't believe in it? We do. We believe in 
 lucky stars. Some folks are always lucky^ — al- 
 ways "getting the drawing ticket in a lottery — 
 are invariably finding something — never lose 
 anything — everything goes swimmingly with 
 them. In infancy they don't get colic, nor 
 birch, and have a grandmother always on hand. 
 In boyhood the lucky chap always wins all the 
 marbles — has a new jack-knife — goes barefoot 
 in summer — escapes all the chores — has a nice 
 lie handy for every occasion — gains the smiles 
 of the prettiest girl — doesn't have mumps and 
 measles and itch — never stubs his toe-^the 
 girls give him candy — the boys lend him balls 
 
 and fish hooks and forget all about it — he 
 doesn't tear his trowsers — doesn't go 'round 
 with a toothache — never has to sleep alone — 
 goes home when he likes — has an aunt to fur- 
 nish him pocket money. When a man he 
 doesn't have any poor relations — pays no taxes 
 — doesn't have to sit on a jury — never is asked 
 to "subscribe" — never misses a train — isn't 
 dead broke — isn't called upon to make a speech 
 — doesn't have to edit a paper — goes to all the 
 shows — waited on first at table — doesn't have 
 bilious spells — wife doesn't blow him up — for 
 he's one of the jolly dogs that ill luck doesn't 
 touch. We believe in luck. 
 
 FRANK HUMPHREYS, 
 
 Was born near Minersville, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, on June 2, 1859, 
 and removed to this city in 1873. He learned the printing trade. When nine- 
 teen years of age he made a tour of the United States with the Wallace Sisters' 
 Dramatic Combination as a flutist, and he has several times since traveled with 
 show parties. The subjedl of our sketch is now employed as a flutist at Glen 
 Summit in the summer season, and in Wilkes-Barre during the balance of the 
 
152 
 
 LITERATURE OF 
 
 year. The longest and most ambitious poem he has yet published is " Amabel," 
 a tale of Wyoming Valley. 
 
 A MAY OF IvONG AGO. 
 
 'Twas in a May of a I,ong Ago — 
 
 How long it seems to me ! 
 The earth and the skj', to my witched eye — 
 
 The earth and the sky and and the sea- 
 Were fairer than ever a dream of heaven, — 
 Were fairer than dream to the sanctified given :- 
 'Twas the light of love, reflected above, — 
 
 'Twas the light of the form by me. 
 
 Oh, fair was the moon in that Long Ago, 
 
 And sweet was the song of the breeze ! 
 
 Each glorious star sent its twinkling afar 
 To brighten the whispering trees ; 
 
 But fairer by far than the moon in her pride. 
 
 Or the stars round about was the form by my 
 
 side ; 
 And sweeter the charm of the vanished form 
 Than the teaderest song of the breeze. 
 
 There's been many a May since that Long Ago, 
 And many a song of the wind ; [shone 
 And oft have the moon and the bright stars 
 On the boughs as they gently entwined ; 
 But fled is the grace of the I/Ong Ago, 
 And I would that the Mays were more swift in 
 
 their flow ; 
 For gone is the form, and gone is May's charm, 
 And dull is the song of the wind. 
 
 MARIE M. PURSEL, 
 
 Born in Wilkes-Barre, graduated from the public schools in 1873. First writ- 
 ings appeared in Wyoming Magazine. Taught in public schools in Wilkes- 
 Barre. Daughter of S. C. Montanye. 
 
 UNDER THE BRIDGE. 
 
 Under the bridge the river flows. 
 Over the bridge a toiler goes. 
 Weary his footsteps, heavy and slow, 
 Swiftly the water rushes below, 
 Over the bridge waits sorrow and care. 
 Under — the water looks cooling and fair, 
 Murmuring accents his dull ears greet, 
 ' ' Rest is sweet — rest is sweet 
 Under the bridge. ' ' 
 
 Pausing he listens, and looks below 
 Where phantom arms wierd shadows throw 
 As they reach above from the deep dark pool, 
 Beckoning down to the waters cool — 
 ' ' Come ! here is rest from toil and pain ; ' ' 
 " Come ! here's relief for the weary brain ; " 
 A moment he lingers, a murmured prayer, 
 A plunge — and the river runs smoothly and fair 
 Under the bridge. 
 
 ' ' Only a suicide gone to his doom, ' ' 
 
 As they gaze on the form in the darkened room ; 
 
 ' ' One more soul from the world apart, ' ' 
 
 " One man less with an aching heart." 
 
 And the busy crowd goes hurrying on, 
 
 Caring naught for the one just gone. 
 
 Over the bridge quick footsteps go, 
 
 Cool and inviting the waters flow 
 
 Under the bridge. 
 
 Over the lengthening bridge of time 
 Millions are passing, men in their prime. 
 Age, bent under the weight of years, 
 Childhood, careless of grief and fears, 
 Youth in its beauty — quickly and slow 
 Over the wonderful bridge they go ; 
 Over with haste, in the world's mad quest 
 To find at the end but a long, last rest 
 Under the bridge. 
 
 Hon. STEUBEN JENKINS. 
 
 Mr. Jenkins was naturally of antiquarian and literary tastes. He spent much 
 time in the study of local history, and wrote extensively on this subject, intend- 
 
THE WYOMING VALLEY. 153 
 
 ing to publish what he hoped should stand among theiconsiderable number of local 
 histories, as the Wyoming history. A number of papers on special points were 
 made up by him from this main work, and read at the Commemorative Associa- 
 tion and other meetings of a historical charadler, and some of these papers have 
 been printed. Most of this matter, however, remains in manuscript. He con- 
 tributed much to other writers on this subjedl and not a few who have published, 
 make more or less full acknowledgement of his a.ssistance. There were, perhaps, 
 others where such acknowledgement was deserved but omitted. As a diver- 
 sion, he sometimes attempted verse. In the judgment of the writer hereof, of 
 some of his best efforts in this line, had for their inspiration local events, and 
 were satirical in character. He was not given to public criticism, but could not 
 resist an inclination to these literary effusions, and usually, after perhaps read- 
 ing them to a friend or two, destroyed them. He had studied Latin and Greek 
 at school and read them freely all his life. Finding use for them in his histori- 
 cal research, he afterwards mastered French, Italian, and German, and trans- 
 lated considerably from them. During his legislative terms he made some 
 speeches of more than passing interest, but these, like most of his work in his 
 profession of the law, would hardly be classed as literary work. His literary 
 reputation will undoubtedly rest, principally upon his historical addresses and 
 the, as yet, unpublished Wyoming History. 
 
 MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 
 (Read at monument, 3rd July, 1878.) 
 
 To rid us of a tyrant's chain Th' invading host was fierce and strong, 
 
 Our fathers fell ; and not in vain They swift pursued the flying throng, 
 
 They marched to battle and were slain. They swept the plain, they passed along 
 
 And with their blood bedewed this plain ; And killed or captured old and young ; 
 They fought for home and liberty. And few they saved for torturing. 
 
 A British-Tory-Savage band They gave no quarters, spared no life, 
 
 Had come to desolate their land : — Of all, who, in the battle's strife, 
 
 -Should they like cowards fly ? or stand Had fought for home, for children, wife, — 
 
 And meet th' invaders hand to hand With spear, and tomahawk, and knife, 
 And drive them back, if that they may ? They gave them o'er to butchery. 
 
 I/ike freemen, valiant, true and brave, While time shall in full torrent swell. 
 
 They marched to victory or the grave, Queen Esther's bloody rock shall tell 
 
 While o'er their head their banners wave. Of demon orgies, Indian yell. 
 
 And from their God, they blessings crave. That stunned the victims ere they fell 
 To guide them on to victory. On that dread night of massacre. 
 
 They met in battle's stern array ; Nations and people, all unite 
 
 Dire was the conflict ; dire the day ; To damn the deeds done that dread night 
 
 Borne down by odds, in short, sharp fray. On tortured men, homes blazing bright. 
 
 The gallant patriot-band gave way. And call on God to curse and blight 
 
 And fled from horrid slaughtering. The cause that worked such infamy. 
 
154 
 
 I^ITERATURE OF 
 
 But few of that heroic band 
 Who marched th' invaders to withstand, 
 And save from ruin their loved land, 
 Survived the battle's bloody brand 
 To see their country's victory. 
 
 A hundred years have rolled away 
 Since on that sad, ill-fated day, 
 Our fathers fell in bloody fray ; 
 And we are gathered here to pay 
 
 Due honors to their memory. 
 
 They who beneath these tablets lie, 
 This lesson taught posterity — 
 'Tis sweet and glorious to die 
 For country, home, and liberty. 
 
 Yea, sweeter far than slavery. 
 
 Then let us, o'er their honored grave. 
 The glorious flag of freedom wave ! 
 ^Keep green the memory of the brave ! 
 Wave, freeman ! all your banners wave ! 
 In honor of their memory. 
 
 T. P. RYDER, 
 
 Formerly a teacher in the public schools and late in the Prothonotary's office, and 
 
 at present on the editorial staff of the WiVkes-Barre Jiecord o/ iAe Times. His 
 productions have appeared in current literature and many of the leading metro- 
 politan papers. 
 
 THE OLD RAH, FENCE. 
 
 I like them ol' rail fences 'cuz they mind me 'N ez I h'isted off the rail 'at pinned her down 
 
 uv a day so tight, 
 
 What cums but once in all our lives 'n sel- " O, thankee, Pete," she wisp ered low, her 
 
 dom cums ter stay ; eyes a beamin' bright. 
 
 But fills the h'art 'ith moosic sweet ez y'ars 'n ^hen we strolled hum tergither, 'n afore we 
 
 y'axsrollby, reached the gate, 
 
 'N make us wish 'tw'ud cum ag'in jest once j ^^,^ j^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^j^^,^ ^^^^^ j,^ ^^^^ ^ 
 
 afore we die. Uj^^ly ^^^^ 
 
 My ! how the sun did shine that day 'n how the Fur a gal erbout her inches, — then she hung 
 
 bu'ds did sing ! her purty he'd, 
 
 'N natur' smiled so lovin'ly on ev'ry livin' 'N "ye'r awful good at h'istin' rails," wuz. 
 
 thing ; all the word she sed. 
 
 It seem'd ez ef in all the y'arth thar wa'n't a ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ digger load 'n that we've h'isted 
 
 single sigh, f^^^j ^^^ „j^^^ 
 
 'Cept the wind up in the branches, biddin' ^hese two score y'ars 'at me 'n Kit hez 
 
 all the leaves good-bye. tramped along tegither, 
 
 'Pears like ez if it happen'd jest a leetle while 'N tho' sumtimes they med us bend like trees 
 
 er go : afore the blast 
 
 I wuz strollin' thro' the medder, whis'lin They brung us all the closer to each other at 
 
 suthin' soft 'n low, the last — 
 
 'N jest got to the ol' rail fence when sum one ,,,, , ^, , , ., , 
 
 1. 11 J KT, -. ,M N we love them or rail fences 'cuz they 'mmd 
 
 hollered "Pe-t-e ! , ■' 
 
 "Please cum daown 'n help me aout, th' rail , . , , . ,, 
 
 t,= „„n. „ J- 4. 1 >> At cum but once m all our lives, but sum'- 
 nez CO t my i-e-e-t I 
 
 how cum ter stay, 
 
 Ye kin bet I hus'led lively 'cuz I know'd twuz 'N fills our h'arts 'ith moosic sweet ez y'ars 'n 
 
 leetle Kit, y'ars go by, 
 
 (Sence last purtracted meeting, we'd bin on 'N makes us wish twud stay right on until 
 
 the outs a bit,) the day we die. 
 
THE WYOMING VAI,I,EY. 
 
 155 
 
 FREDERICK CROSS, M. D., 
 
 Is a strong and versatile writer. He has an extensive acquaintance with all 
 branches of knowledge. He is well-known as a lecturer on education and 
 scientific subjects ; very public spirited, and exerts a powerful influence in 
 stimulating the literary, educational, and scientific interests. 
 
 THE BUDDHIST'S QUEST 
 
 I sought for peace in classic love 
 
 But found its heroes all too gory, 
 "Arms and the man " but nothing more: 
 
 Sweet peace dwells not in ancient story. 
 
 I sought in wine a subtle charm 
 
 To banish care and thirst for glory; 
 But oh! the morn brought double harm, 
 
 Peace fled and left a shameful story. 
 
 Fair science called with winning look: 
 
 I seized the gift and conned the pages 
 Of nature's ever-changing book. 
 
 Of laws unchanged through all the ages. 
 
 Pursue their unrelenting course 
 For nature blasts her own creations. 
 
 From Monad up to man, one force, 
 One plan with endless variations 
 
 Oh, life ! Oh, death ! what hidden power 
 Joins and unjoins these conscious members? 
 
 Is death of life the final hour ? 
 
 Does death put out thought's glowing embers ? 
 
 No ! I shall live in other forms 
 
 And Karma build through countless aeons ; 
 Shall vanquish death till life transforms 
 
 This lowly song to angelic paeans. 
 
 My spirit pure ! Oh blissful rest — 
 Triumphant shout one glad hosanna ; 
 
 Then quickly melt on Buddha's breast 
 And find sweet peace, long sought Nirvana. 
 
 THE AGNOSTIC'S DISCOVERY. 
 
 Delsarte's out of date, and art rather late ; 
 
 The fashion just now is humanity's state; 
 What they call revelation don't touch an adult 
 
 For evolution's the proper cult. 
 
 I can prove to a T, that the human race 
 Have grown by steps to their present place. 
 
 From a structureless all of sure protoplasm, 
 And I've traced all the links that extend o'er 
 the chasm. 
 
 The promise and potency, all, are found. 
 Of boundless life in the lifeless ground : 
 
 For the flame of life is a chemical trick, 
 And thought is only a twist of the wick. 
 
 But come let me whisper a word in your ear : 
 I've made a discovery that seems very queer. 
 
 We have measured the casket as tho' 't was the 
 whole 
 And neglected to measure and weigh the soul. 
 
 'WITH SNOW-WREATH CROWNED. 
 
 Her feverish youth is passed away ; 
 
 Her restless longings now are stilled ; 
 Inpatient life and dark dismay 
 
 And anxious, struggling hope, which filled 
 Her early years, are ended quite ; 
 
 And life at sunset, calm, profound, 
 Is sweet and mellow as the light. 
 
 Kissing her brow with snow-wreath crowned. 
 
 Not she regrets the dark-brown tress 
 
 Which once her lover fondly kissed ; 
 For love was false, apd gentleness 
 
 Fills all the heart where love was missed ; 
 And tender truth and soft embrace 
 
 And words that wisdom sought and found. 
 Make doubly clear the sunny face 
 
 And wrinkled brow with snow-wreath crowned. 
 
 As clouds that fleck a summer's sky 
 
 Float for awhile then disappear. 
 So cares which darken youth's bright eye 
 
 Melt into blue when age is near. 
 Old age sours not the wine of life. 
 
 But makes its flood full and round ; 
 
156 
 
 LITERATURE OF 
 
 Old age subdues the rising strife, The gentle wamith of youth is best. 
 And youth shall love the snow-wreath crowned. Oh ! call not back the years now fied ; 
 
 „, , , ... , The song of youth's a siren sound, 
 
 Then hasten on, thrice welcome age, , , , . , , 
 
 , -, , . iiii7 ji I love the gentle bowing head 
 
 And bring me wealth of peace and rest ; .-,.,,-,, . , 
 
 „, ._• jz r ii. And wrinkled brow with snow-wreath crowned. 
 
 The scorching fires of youth assuage ; 
 
 GEORGE CRONOWAY 
 
 Was born in Liverpool, England, February 6, 1842. As a sailor crossed the 
 Atlantic over fifty times ; served in the commissary for the government at 
 Harrisburg. Came to Wilkes-Barre twenty-four years ago and worked in the 
 mines. Is now an Assistant Coal Shipper. His songs have been set to music 
 by Dr. Joseph Parry (Gwilym Gwent), Prof. J. A. P. Price and others. 
 
 THE ROSE OF LOVE. 
 
 The Rose of Love ne'er withers, 
 
 Nor doth its beauty fade ; 
 A sweet perpetual flower. 
 
 That grows in light and shade ; 
 Its fragrance everlasting. 
 
 Its stem with tender thorn ; 
 The sweetest rose of roses — 
 
 A rose by Angels worn. 
 
 The Rose of Love most tender. 
 
 Yet grows in ev'ry clime ; 
 It brightly blooms in summer. 
 
 And in the wintry time ; 
 Adorns the humble cottage. 
 
 As well as mansions fair — 
 Than wealth or fame more precious, 
 
 Than costly gems more rare. 
 
 The Rose of Love in sorrow. 
 
 Absorbs our ev'ry tear ; 
 Life's gloomy path it brightens. 
 
 Our weary soul doth cheer ; 
 By hands divine transplanted. 
 
 In this sad world of care ; 
 A rose forever fragrant — 
 
 A rose forever fair. 
 
 The Rose of Love still fairer. 
 
 Grows in its native land, 
 Where never weeds of sorrow, 
 
 Grow in its golden sand ; 
 In that bright land of sunshine. 
 
 The land unknown to gloom. 
 The Rose of Love celestial, 
 
 Grows ever in full bloom. 
 
 MY OLD CLAY PIPE. 
 
 My old clay pipe, my sweet clay pipe. 
 
 My "chum " this many a day. 
 And friends most dear, relations near — 
 
 We are both made out of clay. 
 When times are rough, we take our puff. 
 
 To smooth the moments by ; 
 No happier twain, on land or main. 
 
 Than my old pipe and I. 
 
 Chords. 
 My old clay pipe, my dear clay pipe, 
 
 My sweet clay pipe and I ; 
 No happier twain, on land or main. 
 
 Than my old clay pipe and I. 
 
 My old clay pipe, my faithful pipe. 
 
 Since thou art in my employ. 
 No clouds of care surround me dare, 
 
 While in thy clouds of joy ; 
 Age, makes thee dark, but turns me gray, 
 
 One thing stands ever true ; 
 Our friendship ne'er changed color yet, 
 
 'Tis always royal blue. 
 
 Oh ! may our friendship last for aye, 
 
 Without a break or flaw — 
 A bank of comfort thou'rt to me — 
 
 On thee I always draw. 
 And may thy bowl run never short, 
 
THE WYOMING VAI^LEY. 
 
 157 
 
 Of that sweet golden weed ; 
 My pipe, my plug, my corner snvig, 
 Are all the friends I need. 
 
 Remember, boys, we're mortals all. 
 
 Built not too high below. 
 Old death is 'round with his pop-gun, 
 
 Perhaps we're the next to go ; 
 Draw wisdom from my old clay pipe, 
 
 Take nothing for a joke ; 
 Yet bear in mind, my honest friend, 
 
 All things must end in smoke. 
 
 FRED. WIIvUAMS, 
 
 Was born in Summercourt, Cornwall, England, July 30, 1848; educated in the 
 parochial school of that place ; left home in his seventeenth year, came to the 
 United States and located in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in 187 1, and followed 
 music as a profession. I^ater, located in Plymouth, worked as a miner and in- 
 structed bands. In 1883 he was severely injured in the mines in Kingston, and 
 in 1884 he was appointed Burgess and Justice of the Peace. Mr. Williams 
 writes smooth and pleasing narrative and descriptive verse. The Boston Pilot 
 published "Ingratitude, or Old Sport and His Master," and "To a Bullet." 
 INGRATITUDE, OR OLD SPORT AND HIS MASTER. 
 
 Old Sport lay on the door-mat, looking weary, In guarding you and all your goods, your wife 
 
 worn and sad, and children, too ? 
 
 The lustre of his eye was gone, his hearing, too, You never over-fed me, and the food you gave 
 
 was bad, was poor ; 
 
 The pangs of hunger pinched;ihim, as he lay My bed was but a mat that lay outside the 
 
 there all alone ; kitchen door. 
 
 He'd gladly eat a crust of bread or gnaw a j,^^ ^^^^^ j^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^1 ^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 meatless bone. through the slush. 
 
 His master in the prime of life, his board with To hunt the pheasant and the quail, through 
 
 plenty spread, thick and tangled brush ; 
 
 Good clothes to wear and pillows soft, on which And when you brought the quarry down, amid 
 
 to lay his head, the snow and sleet 
 
 Took Sport one day into the woods and tied I faithfully and carefully have laid it at your 
 
 him to a log ; feet ; 
 
 And standing there with gun in hand, he thus ^^^ ^^^^^ j^^^^j^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 addressed the dog : 
 
 MASTER. 
 
 Old Sport, my boy, I'm sorry, but the time at 
 last has come. 
 
 When you, like every other dog, must surely 
 meet your doom. 
 
 'Tis true you've been a faithful dog, and that's 
 the reason why 
 
 I wish you now may rest in peace, and there- 
 fore, you must die. 
 
 DOG. 
 
 and forest thick 
 (Perhaps the very zeal I showed, repaid with 
 
 cuff and kick) , 
 We've sought our home, and you your bed, yon 
 
 slept there safe and sound, 
 While I stood as a sentinel upon the frozen 
 ground. 
 
 Because I'm feeble, old and deaf, blind, stupid, 
 
 stiff and sore, 
 You now withhold my scanty fare, and drive 
 
 me from your door. 
 
 Is this my pay for faithfulness in serving you I love yovi still, your children, too, I also love 
 so true, your wife, 
 
158 LITERATURE OF 
 
 And if you still refuse me food, O, master, I saved your little Annie's life, for that, O, stay 
 
 spare my life ! your hand ! 
 
 MASTER. When she was drowning in the pond I brought 
 
 I have a younger dog than yon, and p'rhaps her safe to land ; 
 
 he'sjust as good, I watched her very tenderly, when she was 
 
 He'll htmt and watch, and guard our house, weak and low, 
 
 and earn his daily food ; Po,. j-jj^^^ q, master, spare my life ! O, master, 
 
 Besides, I only want one dog — I have no use j . , 
 
 for two, 
 
 And if I keep the younger one, I must do STRANGER. 
 
 away with you. I heard the piteous pleading, cry, I heard the 
 
 DOG. dog's request, 
 
 I never have deserted you, though hard has I saw the master raise the gun and point it -at 
 
 has been my lot, liis breast ; 
 
 Why, then, should I be tied like this, and like i gtepp'd between the man and dog, I stopp'd 
 
 a felon shot ? the murderous shot. 
 
 Why would you wish to take away, that which j ^^^ ^j^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^ j^eld him fast, and freed him 
 
 you cannot give ? ^i ^ 
 
 ,, ,.^ . „ on the spot. 
 
 My life IS very sweet to me, O, master, let me 
 
 live ! 
 
 DANIEIy L. HART 
 
 Was born twenty-five years ago in the house in which he still resides in Wilkes- 
 Barre. At the age of seventeen he entered the journalistic world and soon dis- 
 tinguished himself as a sketch writer and humorist. At twenty-three he loomed 
 up in the local horizon as a dramatist, and his cleverly written drama in four 
 a<5ts, entitled " Which," immediately demonstrated that he possessed wonder- 
 ful ability as a writer of plays. The year following he produced an English 
 society drama in four adls, entitled " The Footman." The following from the 
 Scranton Truth tells its own stor3' : 
 
 "The presentation of 'The Footman' last evening, has crowned its brilliant 
 young. author with another grand success. The drama from beginning to end 
 held the attention and won the admiration of the audience which frequently was 
 awakened to the highest pitch of enthusiasm. The plot of the play is gracefully 
 and delicately woven. It is constantly changing and drifts from pathos to 
 hunior, shadow to sunshine so imperceptibly that the lips are frequently 
 wreathed in smiles while the tear in the eye is still undried. In style it is 
 distindlly original. Every line is characteristic of the author, who can be rec- 
 ognized as easily b}^ his writings as by his photograph. ' Which ' and ' The 
 Footman ' contain a vein of refined humor and sarcasm that is peculiarly Mr. 
 Hart's, and refledts his peculiar personality as does his looking-glass. ' The 
 Footman ' is strong in all points. In each adl the scenes gradually mount into 
 climaxes which carry the audience to the highest pitch of enthusiasm. The 
 
THE WYOMING VAI.I.EY. i59 
 
 play is a poem, humorously complete and perfedl in all details. * * * * 
 Judging from the excellence of Mr. Hart's work, he will some day occupy a 
 prominent place in the front rank of American playwrights." 
 
 Dr. GEORGE URQUHART, 
 
 Who was born at Lambertville, New Jersey, came to Wilkes-Barre in 1840, and 
 attended school there and at the Wyoming Seminary from 1841 to 1847. He 
 was graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1850, and has 
 since practiced medicine and surgery continuously in Wilkes-Barre. During 
 the early part of his professional career. Dr. Urquhart gave much attention to 
 surgical practice and was regarded by his compeers as one of the foremost sur- 
 geons in Northeastern Pennsylvania. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Dr. 
 Urquhart, brimful of patriotism, was strongly tempted to enter the army as 
 Surgeon and Medical Director. Friends of his, both political and professional, 
 knowing his superior qualifications for this work, awaited only his consent to 
 place him where he might have rendered service of the greatest value and im- 
 portance to the sick and wounded soldiers, but at this time the doctor was suf- 
 fering from an accidental injury which unfitted him for field service and he was 
 obliged to decline the overtures. He was examining surgeon for the draft in 
 1861. However, his desire to serve those who offered their lives to their 
 country in its peril, never waned, and for eighteen years he served faithfully as 
 an examiner for pensions, bringing into this service his ripe experience in prac- 
 tice — his store of knowledge of anatomy, daily freshened by continuous study — 
 his excellent judgment of men, and his sterling honesty; all of which came to 
 be so well recognized at the pension oflGce that a recommendation from him was 
 invariably followed promptly by corresponding executive action at Washington. 
 He is one of the best prose writers in this sedlion. 
 
 A. S. GREENE, 
 
 Was born in London, England, May 18, 1821. He was educated at King's 
 School, Rochester (Cathedral school, governed bj' the Dean and Chapter). 
 Afterward he studied at St. Servan College, France, for about two years. His 
 father is in an old East India house, and his only brother was killed in mutiny 
 in the Indian army, on the staff of General Anson. He has two sisters living. 
 Left France in 1849 to take clerkship in mercantile house in West Indies with 
 friends of his father. In 1851 he came to New York to fill position with a 
 branch house there, with whom, and their successors, he remained ten or 
 twelve years, then returned to West Indies to form partnership, in Port au 
 
i6o LITERATURE. 
 
 Prince, with one of his former employers. Subsequently he fluctuated between 
 New York and West Indies for several years. He was also engaged in the 
 South American trade for a time. Finally, after some reverses, he took a posi- 
 tion in the New York office of the Wilkes-Barre Coal Company with Mr. H. 
 Tilliughast, Mr. Charles Parish being- then President of the Company. In 1869 
 Mr. Parish recommended him to a vacancy in the office of Conyngham and 
 Company, (then J. Stickney and Company), in Wilkes-Barre, with whom he 
 remained over twenty years, and now resides in Philadelphia. 
 
 END OF VOLUME I.