■' «- ", 
 
 '^-^ , 
 
 
 •\X^J*^' 
 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 ANNEX 
 
 2 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 ... ' :, '«.x-.<- .r' 
 
 ' ^n;;^ 
 
 
 
 
 ru: 
 
 
 '^A.'-i^' 
 
 
 
 ^■'^ 
 
 
 
F1^ 
 
 CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE WASON 
 
 CHINESE 
 COLLECTION 
 
 nTO 
 
 vK 
 

 Date 
 
 Due 
 
 
 
 — %€A^' '■ It 
 
 
 
 ■"■^PHS' 
 
 E [ya,:-,*ji 
 
 
 Wr^ 
 
 ^mmk 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cornell University Library 
 BV 3415.P96 
 
 An hjstorcal sketch of the China missio 
 
 3 1924 022 972 966 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022972966 
 
: iSECONp EDITION ^^_ - 
 
 AN HrSTORlCAL SKETCH 
 
 or^T^^E 
 
 1-M me ^: s.. a. , 
 
 .From tb^ BiftST .y-pomTMENT in 1834. <po iNoi.tJDis the Sear endiSg Ahgcsi 31s!r,il884. 
 
Gaifzvay, St. Johns College, Shanghai, 
 
 Professors Yen and Boone, 
 
 Theological Students, 1880. 
 
[SECOND EDITION.] 
 
 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 OP THE 
 
 CHINA MISSION 
 
 ^zotco^iant Spi^copa^ (B^titc^ in -t-Pie ^. S. fit. 
 
 From the first appointments li, 1834- to Include the year ending August 31st, 1884- 
 
 REPRINTED FROM CORRECTED PLATES. 
 
 LIST OF MISSIONARIES, REVISED TO DECEMBER, 1887. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant 
 
 Episcopal Church in the United States of America. 
 
 1888. 
 
 \ 1: \;h\\\ 
 
KN HISTDRICAL SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CHINS MISSION 
 
 Preteslant Episcopal Gharch ii\ \\[e a. S. A. 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The precise date of the first introduction of Christianity into 
 China cannot be determined with certainty. Ancient writers assert 
 that St. Thomas, the Apostle, after laboring for the establishment 
 of the Christian faith in India, passed over to a country on the 
 east, called China, where he preached the Gospel and founded 
 a church in the city of Cambaluc (PekingJ, after which he returned 
 to Malabar. In the Chaldee ritual there is an office for the celebra- 
 tion of St. Thomas, which says that " by him the Persians, Hin- 
 doos, and Chinese were converted to the Christian faith." This 
 tradition receives some confirmation from Chinese writings which 
 must have been based upon oral allusions to Gospel history. 
 
 Ancient records state that toward the end of the seventh 
 century the Nestorians penetrated into China, where they estab- 
 lished several churches; and that A.D. 820, David was appointed 
 to be the Metropolitan of China. In the time of Genghis-khan 
 numerous bodies of Nestorian Christians were scattered over Tar- 
 tary; and the famous Prester John, in the twelfth century exerted 
 an extensive influence over central Asia. When the Mongol 
 princes ascended the throne of China, A.D. 1280, they afforded 
 toleration to all religions, which enabled the Nestorians to enlarge 
 their field of operations and to establish a flourishing Church in the 
 north of China. This continued to exist until the beginning of the 
 fifteenth century, but shortly afterward Nestorianism appears to 
 have dwindled away in that country. 
 
But little is known as to the causes for the decadence of 
 their Missionary efforts, and the only existing relic which records 
 their story is the famous marble tablet which was exhumed in 
 1625 at Si-ngan fu, in the province of Shenshi. This stone is 
 ten feet long and five feet wide, bearing an inscription six feet two 
 inches in length by two feet eleven inches in width, surmounted by 
 3. cross resembling that used by the Syrians in Malabar. The 
 inscription is in the Chinese and Syriac languages, describing 
 the principal doctrines of the Gospel, and the history of its 
 introduction into China. The Rev. W. H. Medhurst, of the Lon- 
 don Missionary Society, in his work on China, published in 1838, 
 says: 
 
 " The Chinese inscription is entitled, ' A tablet recording the introduc- 
 tion of the religion of the Ta-tsin country into China.' It commences 
 with stating the existence of the living and true God — the creation of the 
 world — the fall of man — and the mission of Jesus Christ. The miracu- 
 lous birth and excellent teaching of the Saviour are briefly described. 
 His ascension is spoken of; the institution of Baptism is mentioned, and 
 the Cross declared to be effectual for the salvation of all mankind. The 
 inscription goes on to state that in the reign of Tang Tae-tsuijg, a.d. 636, 
 a. Christian teacher came from Ta-tsin to China, where the emperor, after 
 examining his doctrines, published an edict authorizing the preaching of 
 Christianity among the people. The next emperor continued his patron- 
 age, but the Buddhist priests, apprehensive lest the new sect should eclipse 
 and prejudice their own, endeavored to stop its course; a persecution fol- 
 lowed, which at first diminished the number of the faithful; but after a 
 time two able advocates were raised up, who brought the new religion 
 again into notice. The emperor Suh-tsung founded several Christian 
 churches, and in order to perpetuate the memory of his good deeds, the 
 tablet in question was erected a.d. 782. 
 
 "The authenticity of the inscription has been doubted, and- it has been 
 pronounced a trick of the Jesuits to induce the Chinese to credit the 
 "Christian religion; but that this was not the case maybe inferred from the 
 fact that neither the Chinese nor the Jesuits understood the Syrian part of 
 the inscription until it was translated in Malabar. Besides, were it a pious 
 fraud, the Jesuits would have been more likely to ascribe the introduction 
 of Christianity to the efforts of the Latin, rather than the Syrian Church; 
 and, had they made any pretensions of the kind, the other orders of the 
 Romish Clergy would have exposed their hypocrisy. It may be concluded, 
 therefore, that the inscription is a genuine record of the labors of the 
 Syrian Christians, during the seventh and eighth centuries, in China. A 
 fac-simile of it may be seen in the library of the Vatican at Rome, and a 
 full translation in Kircher's 'China Illustrata.' " 
 
 Early in the fourteenth century Roman Catholic priests were 
 sent to China, but their efforts were productive of little result, 
 and toward the close of the century the Mahomedans gained the 
 ascendancy and expelled the Christians. 
 
No further attempt to convert the Chinese was made until 151 1, 
 when the Portuguese gained a foothold; but the effort was fruit- 
 less, owing to the jealousy of the Chinese government. In 1552 
 Francis Xavier, after long missionary labor in India, proceeded 
 to China and landed on the island of Sancian, or St. John's, at the 
 mouth of the Canton river, where his death soon occurred, and 
 where his tomb was erected, bearing the following inscription 
 in Chinese: " The monument of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society 
 of Jesus, in the great West, who ascended to glory in the winter of 
 the thirty-first year of Ming Kea-tsung, A.D. 1553." 
 
 During the next two centuries the Roman Catholics continued 
 their efforts, alternately favored and persecuted by successive 
 rulers, but gradually gaining ground until, in 1723, they claimed 
 to have made three hundred thousand converts. In that year the 
 emperor Yung-ching decreed the banishment of the missionaries to 
 Macao, and three hundred churches were destroyed. Some of the 
 priests returned by stealth, and when Keen-lung ascended the 
 throne in 1736, he put one to death, seized and tortured many 
 others, and confiscated all church property that could be found. 
 During the present century the Romish religion has several times 
 aroused the hostility of the government, but still maintains con- 
 siderable influence among the lower classes of Chinese. 
 
 Protestant Christians attempted nothing for the evangelization 
 of China until the commencement of the present century. The 
 first Protestant Missionary to China was the Rev. Robert Morrison, 
 of Morpeth, England, who was appointed by the London Mission- 
 ary Society in 1806. In January, 1807, he sailed for Canton by 
 way of New York, reaching Macao in September. Proceeding 
 to Canton, he commenced the study of Chinese, and in the course 
 of his long and arduous labors translated many religious and 
 educational works into that language. His devotion to the cause 
 of Christ was productive of important results, and his death in 
 1834 was sincerely mourned in Christian and in heathen lands. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 I 834-1 843. 
 
 The cause of Missions in China, which under the guidance 
 of the Church has assumed such important proportions and is 
 fraught with so much of cheering promise, was indebted for its 
 initial impulse to the devoted zeal of the Rev. Augustus Foster 
 Lyde, who, though prevented by his early death from carrying 
 into effect the one great longing of his life — to bear the Gospel 
 tidings to the Chinese — inspired others with an enthusiasm that 
 has, with God's blessing, been the means of kindling in that most 
 ancient of nations a light that is destined to brighten and broaden 
 until her swarming millions shall be brought to a knowledge of 
 the Saviour. 
 
 Mr. Lyde was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, February 
 4th, 1813. His childhood was marked by a strong religious ten- 
 dency, and when, at the age of seventeen, he graduated with the 
 highest honors from Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, 
 Conn., it was with the avowed determination to devote himself 
 to the Ministry. He commenced his theological course in the 
 General Seminary in 1831, and at the close of the three years' term 
 of study was admitted to the Diaconate by Bishop Brownell, in St. 
 Thomas' Church, New York. It was his intention to offer himself 
 as a Missionary to China, but his ardent hope was not destined 
 to reach fruition. His .intense devotion to study hastened the 
 development of the seeds of consumption, and after a brief illness 
 he died in Philadelphia, November 19th, 1834, at the age of twenty- 
 one. His remains lie in the churchyard of St. Peter's. The feel- 
 ings awakened by his early death were well expressed by Bishop 
 Vail, of Kansas, in the following words : 
 
 " An event, however, like this, is a mystery too deep to be fathomed by 
 the plummet of human reason. It is an event which the friends of our 
 departed brother and the friends of the Church must of necessity mourn, 
 though one which cannot fall to bend a submissive heart most humbly 
 to the will of God. The sun of his earthly existence rose with amaz- 
 ing rapidity and brightness, but it has suddenly sunk into the midnight of 
 the grave. No unsanctified reasoning can solve the question why a young 
 man, with faculties so naturally powerful and so matured, should be taken 
 
 6 
 
from the world when just prepared to enter it with honor and pre-eminent 
 usefulness. But there is to be found in faith a philosophy, which, if truly 
 possessed, will hush at once every secret murmuring, and. will readily 
 reconcile the event to our minds, by a living dependence upon the wisdom 
 and the goodness of the providence of God." 
 
 The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society was organized in 
 October, 1821, and at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors, 
 held at the Society's room, Philadelphia, May 13th, 1834, Mr. E. A. 
 Newton offered a resolution to the effect that the Board should 
 establish a Mission in China, Cochin China, Siam, or Burmah. On 
 the following day the resolution was called up for consideration, 
 when the Rev. James Milnor, D.r>., moved, as an amendment, the 
 omission of all the names of places therein, except China, which 
 was carried. The resolution as amended was then adopted, and 
 the Executive Committee were instructed to carry it into effect. 
 Their action was prompt, and on the 14th of July following, the 
 Rev. Henry Lockwood, a graduate of the General Theological 
 Seminary, New York, was appointed a Missionary to China. At 
 the request of the Committee, Mr. Lockwood immediately entered 
 upon a course of medical studies, preparatory to his departure. 
 
 The efforts of the Committee to obtain another Missionary were 
 ineffectual until February, 1835, when the Rev. Francis R. Hanson, 
 Rector of Christ Church, Prince George's county, Md., offered his 
 services, which were accepted on the 23d of March. On the even- 
 ing of the 31st of May a farewell Missionary meeting was held in 
 St. Stephen's Church, Philadelphia, at which Bishop White pre- 
 sided, and read to the Missionaries the letter of instructions which, 
 at the request of the Executive Committee, he had prepared. 
 There was also a similar meeting at St. Thomas' Church, New 
 York, on the evening of June 1st. On the 2d of June Messrs. Lock- 
 wood and Hanson sailed from New York on the ship "Morrison," 
 bound to Canton, a free passage having been provided for them by 
 the owners, Messrs. Talbot, Olyphant & Co. 
 
 At this period the amount of the China Mission Fund was a 
 little over $1,000, and a few liberal individuals in New York had 
 contributed sufficient to meet all the expenses of the Mission 
 for at least one year. There had also been received from the 
 American Bible Society three hundred English Bibles for distri- 
 bution in China, and $1,000 for the purchase of the Scriptures in 
 the Chinese language; and from the Female Bible Society of Phila- 
 
delphia, $ioo for the purchase of Bibles to be distributed by our 
 Missionaries. Thus was inaugurated the work of the Church in 
 that distant land, whose spiritual desolation awakened an interest 
 that is year by year producing more and more satisfactory results. 
 . After a pleasant voyage the Missionaries reached Canton on 
 the 4th of October, and were warmly welcomed by the few resident 
 Americans. It soon became evident, however, that many dis- 
 advantages would attend the attempt to establish a Mission in 
 that city; intercourse with the natives was extremely difficult, 
 foreigners were closely watched, and no Chinese, even if inclined, 
 dared to cultivate acquaintance with the /an Kidei^ or "foreign 
 devils," as the Missionaries were called. Moreover, the expense 
 of living at Canton was very great. Acting upon the best attain- 
 able advice, the Missionaries decided to go to Singapore, the near- 
 est settlement to China under English control, and therefore 
 preferable to any Dutch or Spanish settlement, even though nearer; 
 their system of exclusion being scarcely less strict than that of the 
 Chinese. It seemed to present greater facilities for prosecuting 
 the study of the language, and the expenses would be less than 
 half those at Canton. 
 
 Further investigation, however, satisfied Messrs. Lockwood and 
 Hanson that Batavia, the capital of the island of Java, offered still 
 greater advantages, and accordingly they sailed from Singapore on 
 the I2th of December and reached Batavia on the 22d of the same 
 month. Here they found an immense and favorable field of mis- 
 sionary labor among the Chinese and Malay population, besides 
 frequent opportunities for usefulness among the American and 
 English residents. No obstacles were thrown in the way of inter- 
 course with all classes of people, and ample facilities were pre- 
 sented for learning the Chinese and Malay languages, to the 
 acquisition of both of which the Missionaries at once devoted their 
 best efforts. The necessity for acquiring familiarity with the 
 Chinese tongue, before attempting to pursue their original plan 
 of missionary labor in China, was so evident, and so strongly 
 supported by the experience of former Missionaries of English and 
 other societies, that Messrs. Lockwood and Hanson decided to 
 prolong their stay in Batavia until they could enter with effective-; 
 ness upon the scene of their future labors. Meanwhile they util- 
 ized the interval by the establishment of schools among the 
 Chinese and the natives, and the conduct of public worship among 
 the foreign residents. The necessity for this seeming delay was 
 
well explained in the following extract from a letter from the Rev. 
 Mr. Hanson: 
 
 " He who would preach the Gospel successf Lilly in China must qualify 
 himself for it in the same wny in which he would jjrepare himself to 
 preach the Gospel among the civilized nations. He must not only acquire 
 a knowledge of the language, but he must become acquainted with their 
 philosophy, modes of thought, and civil, religious, social, and domestic 
 institutions. While knowledge continues to be acquired only by slow and 
 painful steps, this will consume time. If in two or three years we acquire 
 a sufficient knowledge of the language and customs of the Chinese to 
 justify our return to China, it will be quite as much as can reasonably 
 be anticipated, and more, I fear, than will be realized." 
 
 On the 17th of February, 1836, the Rev. Henry Lockvvood was 
 united in marriage with Miss Sarah Sophia Medhurst, daughter of 
 the Rev. W. H. Medhurst, of the Loiidon Missionary Society. The 
 brightness with which her career of usefulness opened was speedily 
 quenched in darkness, her death occurring on the gth of August 
 following. 
 
 Although, in October of this year, the Foreign Committee 
 expressed their view of the inexpediency of immediately increasing 
 the number of Missionaries to China, they nevertheless made an 
 exception in favor of the Rev. William Jones Boone, M.D., of the Dio- 
 cese of South Carolina, who was appointed on the 17th of January, 
 1837, having previously studied medicine in anticipation of his 
 expected labors. He graduated at South Carolina College in 1829 
 and was admitted to the Bar in 1833. In the proceedings of the 
 Committee it was resolved : 
 
 "That having on the i8th of October last passed a vote, implying 
 in their view, the inexpediency of increasing at present the number of 
 Missionaries to China, they are now induced to make an exception in 
 favor of the Rev. Mr, Boone, whose qualifications for that field are of 
 peculiar character, and whose long and devoted self-consecration to 
 the spread of the Gospel in China gives him a high claim to such an 
 appointment." 
 
 Encouraging reports were received early in this year from 
 Mr. Lockwood, who wrote that the Chinese school at Batavia com- 
 prised about twenty boys and ten girls, who were taught by a native 
 master to read the Chinese classics, and also the New Testament, 
 and a book containing simple lessons of Christian truth, written by 
 Mr. Medhurst. The singing of devotional hymns was also intro- 
 duced with good effect. 
 
 Thus far the operations of our Missionaries had been rather 
 of the nature of preliminary observation, than that of actual assault 
 
10 
 
 upon the forces of heathendom, but the situation was well expressed 
 in the following language from a correspondent: 
 
 " China may not yet be open for the actual entrance of our Mission- 
 aries, but it will do no hurt to build a wall of light around her. Then, as 
 the old wall tumbles down, there will be a bright shining through every 
 breach, and Truth will make her in way even before her heralds." 
 
 Some apprehension was created at this time by an edict pub- 
 lished in Canton, "forbidding faith in Jesus, and the propagation 
 of His doctrines, on pain of death," and a proclamation expelling 
 certain foreigners and imposing restrictions regarding the sojourn 
 of others; but there was little expectation that these decrees would 
 be carried into effect. The objects contemplated by the Foreign 
 Committee in connection with the China Mission were, in addition 
 to- the attainment of the language, both written and spoken, by the 
 Missionaries, the distribution, and ultimately, if justified, the prep- 
 aration of tracts, including eventually a printing establishment; 
 the founding of Christian schools, and in connection with them, a 
 High School of decidedly religious character, in which native 
 teachers might be trained for the service of the Church; and the 
 benefits derivable from the establishment of a medical dispensary. 
 
 In the language of the Rev. Ur. Boone, just prior to his depart- 
 ure for China: 
 
 " If anything could stimulate a man to spend and be spent in any 
 service, surely here is the stimulus — three hundred and sixty millions of 
 perishing sinners reading one language. Man for man, undoubtedly, the 
 salvation of a North American Indian is as precious as that of a China- 
 man; but as part of the integral mass, it would appear that the conversion 
 of one in China must operate with tenfold more power in hastening the 
 great day when this world shall be reclaimed to God." 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Boone and wife sailed from Boston on the 8th of 
 July, 1837, reaching Batavia on the 22d of October. Soon after 
 this date Mr. Hanson sailed for the United States, via England, 
 his health having become somewhat impaired, and upon reaching 
 New York on the 8th of May, 1838, he decided to sever his connec- 
 tion with the Mission. The difficulty attending the acquisition of 
 the Chinese language was forcibly expressed by Dr. Boone in a 
 letter dated May 17th, 1838; 
 
 " I believe that an individual, with something more than ordinary 
 talent for acquiring languages, with a good ear for distinguishing sounds, 
 provided he has been accustomed to study from early youth, and knows 
 how to apply his mind, may be actively and usefully employed among the 
 Chinese in two or three years; and that he will, from the first, make such 
 
11 
 
 improvement as will encourage him to persevere, with strong hope, by 
 Divine blessing, of finally mastering all opposing difficulties." 
 
 It will be seen from this that the obstacles which our Mission- 
 aries to China had to encounter were of a nature to tax their energy 
 and determination to the utmost, but fortunately they proved 
 adequate to the task which they had undertaken. 
 
 In September of this year Dr. Boone wrote that the school was 
 prospering, with forty pupils who were making encouraging prog- 
 ress, and that he himself was advancing rapidly in the knowledge 
 of both the Malay and Chinese tongues. In his capacity as phy- 
 sician he had prescribed for about one hundred patients with the 
 most gratifying success. 
 
 After an absence of several months, spent in visiting Canton 
 and Macao, Mr. Lockwood returned to Batavia in November, much 
 improved in health, and confirmed in the opinion that as a Mission 
 station Batavia presented superior advantages. In a letter written 
 about this time he said: 
 
 " That China is far from being open to the Gospel is, I believe, now 
 generally understood; and there can be little doubt that there must be 
 difficulty and tardiness in its progress, so long as there are laws by which 
 the life or liberty of every Chinese convert, or abettor of Christianity, is 
 endangered. Still the Church ought not to be discouraged. Some prog- 
 ress has been made. The duty to persevere in the use of every means, 
 however small, is plain. If success be slow, it is certain in the end, 
 because the work is the Lord's and He will be faithful to His promises." 
 
 In their report dated January 30th, 1839, the Rev. Messrs. 
 Lockwood and Boone spoke of the great difficulty of maintaining 
 the school, owing to the fact that the elder scholars were always 
 removed by their parents at the very time when the benefits of 
 instruction began to be most evident; the girls to be shut up at 
 home, according to the Chinese custom which secludes them until 
 after marriage; the boys to assist their fathers in gaining money — 
 the engrossing desire of the Chinese. The only remedy lay in 
 obtaining absolute surrender of the children and assuming their 
 entire support, and a boys' school was commenced on this plan 
 under encouraging auspices. Lack of means prevented the recep- 
 tion of more than sixteen pupils, although many more could have 
 been secured. These were formally given up by their parents for 
 five years, to be educated in the Chinese and English languages 
 and the Christian religion, with the option of keeping them longer, 
 if desirable. The expense of boarding, clothing, etc., was about 
 thirty dollars per annum for each boy. 
 
12 
 
 Mr. Lockwood's failing health compelled him to seek its restor- 
 ation by a return to the United States, and accordingly he sailed 
 from Batavia on the 6th of April, via England, reaching New York 
 on the 5th of September. He did not, however, regain sufficient 
 strength to warrant his return to the field, and therefore retired 
 from the Mission. 
 
 Dr. Boone's report dated January 31st, 1840, mentioned the 
 encouraging progress made in the schools, and the probability that 
 manyofthepupils would eventually become teachers and preachers 
 of the truth, but at the same time deplored the inadequacy of the 
 Mission force, and concluded with an earnest appeal to the Church 
 to send more laborers into the field. In the following September 
 Dr. and Mrs. Boone sailed from Batavia for Singapore and Macao, 
 the change to a colder climate being rendered imperative 
 by the enfeebled condition of Dr. Boone's health. An absence 
 of six months was contemplated, and arrangements were made with 
 other Missionaries to continue the instruction of the pupils in the 
 schools at Batavia. Early in 1 841,, however, the importance of 
 removing the Mission to Macao became evident, and in May the 
 Foreign Committee passed resolutions approving the transfer. In 
 September Dr. Boone wrote that he hoped soon to remove to 
 Amoy, which he pronounced " the post in the whole Empire that 
 we should prefer to occupy, as it is the dialect of that place that I 
 study, and, irrespective of that, it is one of the most desirable Mis- 
 sionary stations in the Empire." This object was accomplished in 
 February, 1842, and the Mission was established at Kulang-see, a 
 small island half a mile from the city of Amoy. 
 
 The juncture was most favorable for missionary operations; the 
 war between England and China had just terminated, and by 
 the treaty of peace the ports of Canton, Amoy, Foo-chow-foo, 
 Ningpo, and Shanghai were thrown open to British trade; inter- 
 course with the natives was greatly facilitated, and the obstacles 
 in the way of Christian teaching were materially lessened, but alas! 
 the Church had but one representative in this vast Empire, and his 
 earnest appeals for aid seemed to awaken no response. 
 
 On the 30th of August, 1842, Mrs. Boone died, after a brief 
 illness. She had devoted herself with ardor and signal success to 
 the instruction of Chinese youth, and was held in the most affec- 
 tionate estimation by all who came within the sphere of her Chris- 
 tian influence. 
 
 Dr. Boone continued his missionary labors, preaching on Sun- 
 
13 
 
 days to congregations of Chinese, averaging from sixty to seventy 
 in number; distributing translations of the Scriptures, acting as 
 interpreter, etc., until the spring of 1843, when he returned to 
 the United States for the purpose of placing his children under 
 proper care, and also with a view to awakening interest in the 
 subject of the China Mission. His efforts in this direction were 
 continued for more than a year and resulted in securing a number 
 of Missionaries and the pledge of a liberal sum for their support. 
 
 On the 14th of November, 1843, Miss Eliza J. Gillett of New 
 York, was appointed a Missionary teacher. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 1 844-1 849. 
 
 At the meeting of the General Convention in October, 1844, 
 the Rev. William J. Boone, M.D., was elected Missionary Bishop to 
 China. He was consecrated in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia, 
 on the 26th of October, by the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, D.D., of 
 Ohio; the Rt. Rev. William Meade, D.D., of Virginia, and the Rt. 
 Rev. Stephen Elliott, D.D., of Georgia, acting as presenters. There 
 were also present Bishops Doane, Otey, Kemper, Polk, Whitting- 
 ham, Lee, Johns, and Henshaw; together with a large number of 
 clergymen. The sermon was preached by Bishop Elliott. 
 
 In November the following named Missionaries were appointed: 
 the Rev. Henry W. Woods, the Rev. Richardson Graham, the Rev. 
 Edward W. Syle, of the Diocese of Virginia; Miss Emma G. Jones 
 of Mobile, and Miss Mary J. Morse of Boston. On the 15th of 
 November, at St. George's Church, New York, by permission of the 
 Bishop of the Diocese, the Rt. Rev. Dr. Meade, of Virginia, 
 advanced the Rev. Messrs. Woods and Graham to the Priesthood. 
 
 During his visit to the United States Bishop Boone was united 
 in marriage with a sister of Bishop Elliott, of Georgia. 
 
 On the evening of Sunday, December 8th, a farewell meeting 
 was held at St. George's Church, New York, prior to the departure 
 of the Missionaries. On the 14th of December the party, compris- 
 ing Bishop Boone and wife, the Rev. Mr. Woods and wife, the Rev. 
 Mr. Graham and wife. Miss Gillett, Miss Emma G. Jones and Miss 
 Morse, sailed from New York, reaching Hong Kong on the 24th 
 of April, 1845. The Rev. Mr. Syle and wife sailed from Boston 
 May 28th, and arrived at Hong Kong on the 4th of October follow- 
 ing. The support of Mr. Syle for five years had been pledged by 
 St. John's Church, Providence, R. I. 
 
 The arrival of the Missionaries was at an auspicious period, 
 there having been recently issued an imperial edict permitting 
 foreigners to teach the Christian religion at the five open ports, 
 and allowing the natives to profess it in any part of the Empire. 
 This important concession was obtained through the efforts of M. 
 Lagren^, the French ambassador. It was soon followed, how- 
 
 14 
 
15 
 
 ever, by a ^second edict, obtained through the influence of the 
 Romanists, which excluded Protestants from all participation in 
 the toleration granted. Bishop Boone immediately wrote to the 
 American Minister, the Hon. Alexander H. Everett, requesting his 
 interposition. As Mr. Everett had not arrived at Canton, His Excel- 
 lency, Sir John F. Davis, the British Governor of Hong Kong, at 
 once brought the matter to the notice of Ke Ying, the Chinese 
 Imperial Commissioner, who soon issued a third edict granting to 
 all the Chinese complete toleration in the profession and practice 
 of the Christian religion. The liberal policy of the Chinese govern- 
 ment was well expressed in the following words: " All those who 
 do not make a pretext of religion to do evil, are exempted from 
 prohibition." In the language of Bishop Boone: " How many 
 nations of Europe, even at this day, may blush to contrast their 
 own policy with the noble stand for liberty of conscience now 
 taken by China!" 
 
 After a brief sojourn in Hong Kong the Bishop and his party 
 proceeded to Shanghai, arriving there on the 17th of June, 1845. 
 Mr. Syle and his wife Joined them on the 19th of November follow- 
 ing. The good judgment of the Foreign Committee in selecting 
 Shanghai as the chief seat of the Mission was fully confirmed by 
 the Bishop's investigation of its advantages, and it still remains the 
 principal centre of our missionary operations in China. 
 
 Shanghai is situated in the southern part of the Province of 
 Kiang-soo in latitude 31° 12' north, and longitude 121° 28' east. 
 Its location is on the Woo-sung (or Wong-po) river, 160 miles 
 southeast of Nanking, twelve miles above the mouth of the Woo- 
 sung, in the estuary of the Yang-tse-kiang. The population is 
 about 250,000. The city stands on a level, highly cultivated 
 plain, and is enclosed by a wall about five miles in circuit, outside of 
 which are several populous suburbs. The streets are narrow and 
 filthy. It is an important entrepSt of commerce between the 
 northern and southern provinces of the Empire, has a very exten- 
 sive coasting trade, and exports large quantities of merchandise to 
 foreign countries. Outside the wall, on the left bank of the river, 
 is a section three miles long and one mile wide, divided into the 
 British, French, and American Concessions. There are steamship 
 lines running to all the open ports of China and Japan; also to 
 India, the United States, and Europe. Three daily, two weekly, 
 and two fortnightly papers are published in English, and four tri- 
 weeklies in Chinese. The climate is generally healthful and is 
 
16 
 
 usually considered agreeable by foreigners. The summers are hot, 
 the thermometer sometimes indicating as high as loO" F. in the 
 shade, but the heated term is of brief duration. The winters are 
 cold and bracing, the thermometer frequently ranging from 15° to 
 20° F. for several successive weeks. 
 
 The first efforts of the Missionaries were devoted to the acqui- 
 sition of the Chinese language, studying under the direction of the 
 Bishop, and reciting to him daily. A school for Chinese boys was 
 established, and ten pupils entered for the term of ten years. Many 
 more offered, but only the most promising were selected, as the 
 Mission accommodations were necessarily limited. Soon after Miss 
 Gillett's arrival in China, her connection with the Mission was 
 terminated by her marriage with the Rev. Dr. Bridgman, of the 
 American Board. In November, 1845, the Rev. Mr. Woods was 
 compelled to retire from the Mission, owing to impaired health, and 
 with his wife returned to this country. 
 
 When Bishop Boone came to the United States in 1843, he was 
 accompanied by a Chinese lad, Kong Chai Wong (now the ven- 
 erable senior Presbyter of the Mission), who, during the return 
 voyage to China, embraced the Christian religion and was bap- 
 tized at Shanghai on Easter Day, 1846. The occasion was one 
 of deep interest, being the first ceremonial of the kind performed 
 in the Mission. After the baptism the Bishop made a short address 
 and offered prayer in Chinese, it being the first time that he ventured 
 to make such use of the language. 
 
 During the year the Bishop, assisted by the Rev. Messrs. Graham 
 and Syle, devoted much time to a revised edition of the New Testa- 
 ment in Chinese, the labor upon which was divided among the 
 Protestant Missionaries in Hong Kong, Canton, Amoy, Ningpo, 
 Foo-Chow, Shanghai, and Bangkok. He also prepared a Cate- 
 chism for the use of candidates for Baptism, and made translations 
 of the Morning Service of the Prayer Book, the Service for Baptism 
 of adults, and the Confirmation and Communion Services. His 
 sermons were first prepared in English and then translated into 
 Chinese. 
 
 Toward the close of the year a house was secured for school and 
 chapel purposes, the lower hall seating two hundred and fifty per- 
 sons. Services in Chinese were held every Sunday, and the attend- 
 ance in point of numbers was very encouraging. The Bishop made 
 an earnest appeal for more Missionaries, for a layman to take charge 
 of the school, for a physician to have the care of the Mission and 
 
IT 
 
 extend medical aid to the Chinese, and for funds sufficient to erect 
 a church capable of holding one thousand persons. 
 
 In January, 1847, the Rev. Phineas D. Spalding was appointed 
 a Missionary. He sailed from Boston on the nth of March and 
 reached Shanghai on the 28th of August. On the i6th of January 
 the Rev. Mr. Graham retired from the Mission on account of 
 impaired health, and with his wife embarked for the United States. 
 In April the Bishop wrote that at Hong Kong, by request of the 
 Rev. Dr. Stanton, British Chaplain, he had confirmed sixteen 
 persons. At Shanghai he had baptized five infants and one adult. 
 The Lord's Supper was administered on the first Sunday oi every 
 month, the number of communicants being seventeen. The school 
 was prospering, with thirty-two pupils. The Bishop's health was 
 precarious, and his physicians strongly advised a respite from his 
 arduous labors, which, however, he could not be prevailed upon to 
 take. 
 
 Nothing of special moment occurred in the Mission during the 
 remainder of this year.' Mr. Spalding made encouraging progress 
 in the language, and Mr. Syle had so far mastered it as to preach 
 to the native congregations in the Mission chapel, the Bishop hav- 
 ing been obliged by continued illness to relinquish that portion of 
 his labors. On Christmas Day the Holy Communion was adminis- 
 tered at the Bishop's residence, by the Rev. Mr. Syle, to seventeen 
 persons. 
 
 The Bishop's appeal for building funds met with a liberal 
 response, and through private contributions about fourteen thou- 
 sand dollars were raised for the erection of a substantial Mission 
 church, spacious school buildings, and several dwellings for the use of 
 the Missionaries. The school-house was completed in August, 1 848, 
 and negotiations were in progress for a suitable lot on which to 
 erect a church. About this time the Rev. Mr. Syle wrote: 
 
 "And now what do we want? As I said, teachers and preachers. If 
 one of our number fails in health, either his or her duties must devolve 
 on some others already occupied to the extent of their time and powers, 
 and thus our good work has been often given up, and a post of most 
 promising usefulness deserted for a time, and we with sorrow have to 
 retrace our steps. We cannot enlarge our boys' school, because we have 
 no teacher. If we desire to begin a girls' school, for which the people 
 here are now prepared, we cannot do it, because we have no teachers; if 
 we desire, in spite of our small numbers, to make a humble beginning 
 with a few little girls (a work .Miss Jones' heart has been yearning for, the 
 last three years), we cannot do it, because there is no one sent out as a 
 principal of the boys' school, and Miss Jones cannot retire from the super- 
 
18 
 
 intendence. We wish to use the old school-house as a hospital and dis- 
 pensary, for the hundreds who would flock to such a place, but we cannot 
 attempt this — we have no physician. The Romanists are sending Sisters 
 of Charity to Ningpo; the Independents, Baptists, Presbyterians and 
 Congregationalists all have physicians. Two single ladies, unconnected 
 with any organized board, and with no other protection but that of neigh- 
 boring missionary families, are doing a good work at Ningpo by maintain- 
 ing a girls' school, whilst we find it impossible to persuade our brothers 
 and sisters at home that there is a call for their services, although we have 
 a Bishop who deservedly possesses the confidence of the Church at 
 home." 
 
 On the 22d of October the Bishop baptized Yung Kiung Yen 
 (now Professor in St. John's College and a member of the Standing 
 Committee), a lad about eighteen years of age, who had been a can- 
 didate for three months. In December Mr. Syle wrote that the 
 Bishop's health had improved somewhat, although he was still unable 
 to preach, and the most pressing necessity existed for an increase of 
 the Missionary force. An excellent site for the church had been 
 secured in the very heart of the city, and the Bishop's new house 
 was nearly completed. The confirmation of the Chinese youth 
 above mentioned took place on the 24th of December, at which time 
 there were ten candidates for Baptism under special instruction, 
 and one candidate for Holy Orders. 
 
 In the Bishop's annual report, dated February 13th, 1849, occurs 
 the following interesting statement: 
 
 " We are so fully persuaded that we shall not do all for the Chinese 
 that our positions and their necessities demand of us, if we content our- 
 selves with merely teaching the adults among them, viva voce and by means 
 of books, that we have determined to get as many native schools under 
 our control and direction as possible. For this purpose we offer to 
 Chinese teachers a bonus of one dollar per annum for each boy; in com- 
 pensation for which we claim the right to direct the studies of the boys, 
 to have the Scriptures and our Catechism studied, in addition to the 
 Chinese classics, and to have prayers and other religious exercises when- 
 ever it may suit us to visit the school. Of course there is no attempt to 
 teach the English language in these schools. Last year we had one such 
 school, under the care of Mr. Syle. This year we shall endeavor to in- 
 crease the number; ultimately we shall hope to have two or three under 
 the care and superintendence of each presbyter, as part of his parochial 
 charge, that our blessed Lord's injunction to feed the lambs, as well as 
 the sheep of His flock, may be attended to." 
 
 A sad loss befell the Mission this year in the death of the Rev. 
 Phineas D. Spalding. After suffering for several months with con- 
 sumption, he left Shanghai on the 30th of August, with the inten- 
 tion of returning to the United States. The vessel on which he 
 
19 
 
 sailed — the ship "Coquette" — was never heard of afterward; it is sup- 
 posed that she foundered in the China Sea during a terrible gale in 
 the month of September. Mr. Spalding was a man of fervent piety, 
 sound judgment, steadfastness of purpose, and untiring diligence; 
 qualities which eminently fitted him for the work in which the first 
 fruits of his labors were just being gathered when he was so suddenly 
 called away. 
 
 Near the close of this year the Mission lost the valuable services 
 of Miss Mary J. Morse, whose failing health compelled her to return 
 to this country. For five years she had labored indefatigably and 
 successfully in the Mission school at Shanghai, declining to receive 
 any salary from the Missionary treasury. In the words of Bishop 
 Boone : 
 
 " I believe I may truly say that, with the exception of the lamented 
 Spalding, she labored more abundantly than us all. With all her strength, 
 and beyond her strength, night and day— yea, and with many tears, she 
 labored to instruct her pupils, and toiled at their difficult language that 
 she might acquire greater power of communicating knowledge to them." 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 1850-1856. 
 
 The church in Shanghai, the erection of which was commenced 
 on the i6th of March, 1849 (fo"" which the means were given by- 
 Mr. William Appleton of Boston), was consecrated by the name of 
 Christ Church, on Epiphany Sunday, the 6th of January, 1850. The 
 Services were largely attended and much interest was manifested by 
 the Chinese friends of the Mission. The building was a substantial 
 <brick structure, forty by eighty feet in area. The church was 
 placed under the special charge of the Rev. Mr. Syle, the Bishop 
 •devoting his attention more particularly to the school chapel. 
 
 Early in 1850 Miss Caroline P. Tenney was appointed a Mission- 
 ary teacher. She sailed in March and reached Shanghai on the 2d 
 of August. On Easter Day, March 31st, the Bishop baptized six 
 converts, one a teacher in the school, one an elderly woman, the 
 others beneficiaries of the school. Their confirmation followed on 
 the 19th of May. In September Miss Lydia M. Fay's appoint- 
 ment was announced, and on the 8th of November she sailed from 
 New York, accompanied by Miss Morse, whose health had mate- 
 rially improved during her sojourn in this country. They reached 
 Shanghai in March of the following year. 
 
 As the result of the Mission work during the year, twelve con- 
 ■verts were baptized, making the whole number twenty-two, and 
 there were nine candidates for Baptism, The number of pupils in 
 the school had increased to fifty. The new revision of the Gor.pel 
 of St. Matthew having been published in Chinese, the Rev. Mr. 
 Syle adopted a novel plan in connection with its distribution. In 
 order to attract attention to the books, he had made a wood-cut 
 representing the church, and beneath the picture were words to the 
 vfoUowing effect: 
 
 " Whoever reads this book and does not understand its meaning, at 
 .any hour may come to Christ Church and personally receive explanations. 
 The church is in Shanghai, at the south side of the Hong Bridge. Every 
 Worship Day (Sunday), at 9 and 3 o'clock, The Religion is preached." 
 
 In the spring of 185 1 the following appointments were made: 
 The Rev. Robert Nelson, of Lexington, Va., and the Rev. Cleveland 
 
 20 
 
The Rev. Kong Chai Wong 
 
31 
 
 Keith, of Virginia, as Missionaries; and Mr. John T. Points, of Staun- 
 ton, Va., as Missionary teacher in the boys' school. Accompanied 
 by Mrs. Nelson, they sailed from Boston July 31st, and arrived at 
 Shanghai on Christmas Day. 
 
 It had long been the desire of the Bishop to establish a per- 
 manent school for girls, for which several scholarships had already 
 been founded, but funds were needed for the erection of a school- 
 house, a separate building being indispensable. The Foreign 
 Committee recognized the expediency and necessity of the plan, 
 and took such active measures for its accomplishment that in 
 May the Bishop was enabled to purchase a plot of ground, and on 
 the 20th of August a contract was made for the erection of the 
 building. 
 
 On the 7th of September Kong Chai Wong, who had for some 
 time been officiating as catechist, was ordained Deacon in Christ 
 Church, Shanghai, the strength and sincerity of his Christian profes- 
 sion having been thoroughly tested. About this date Soo-long, who 
 had for several months been engaged as a faithful catechist, was- 
 received as a candidate for Holy Orders. The Bishop's health at 
 this period was so greatly enfeebled as to occasion much solicitude,. 
 and he was strongly urged to seek recovery in a visit to the United 
 States. On the last day of the year the girls' school was 
 inaugurated, although the building was but partly finished. Miss 
 Jones assumed its charge, commencing with eight pupils. She 
 also had the care of a day-school for little girls. Five day-schools 
 for boys were prospering in different sections of the city, under 
 the direction, respectively, of Messrs. Syle, Keith, Nelson, Points, 
 and Kong Chai Wong. 
 
 Toward the close of the year Miss Morse was finally compelled 
 to sever her connection with the Mission, owing to a return of ill- 
 ness. She arrived in New York on the nth of January, 1852. The 
 health of Mrs. Boone had long been delicate, and she was finally 
 induced to try the recuperative influence of a sea voyage. Accom- 
 panied by her two children she sailed on the 5th of February, and 
 on the 15th of June reached New York. 
 
 On Whitsun-day the Bishop baptized two persons in whonru 
 peculiar interest was felt. One was a man over fifty years of age,, 
 a literary gra(Juate, of good scholarship, the head teacher of the 
 Mission school. He had been for some months a candidate, and 
 manifested an unusual degree of earnestness in his conviction of the 
 need of a Saviour. The other, a youth of sixteen, had been for 
 
23 
 
 five years a member of the school, and for two years a candidate 
 for Baptism, during which time his conduct had been most 
 exemplary. In July the Rev. J. P. Hubbard was appointed, but 
 soon after, at the suggestion of the Committee, resigned, as the 
 state of his health rendered it improbable that he could continue in 
 the field more than a few months. Miss Catherine E. Jones, of 
 Washington, D. C, was appointed at the same time and sailed from 
 Boston on the 31st of July, reaching, Shanghai on the 20th of Jan- 
 uary, 1853. 
 
 Bishop Boone's health continued to fail, and finally he yielded 
 to the advice of his physicians and on the 24th of October left 
 Shanghai, arriving in New York on the 30th of January, 1853. He 
 brought with him Chu Kiung Tong, who had been educated in the 
 Mission school and was a candidate for Holy Orders. The 
 Bishop appointed the Rev. Messrs. Syle, Keith, and Nelson a 
 committee to take charge of such matters as would come before 
 him if he were present. Before his departure the erection of 
 a Mission chapel was commenced, and early in 1853 it was ready 
 for occupancy. Its cost was partially defrayed by a contribution 
 of six hundred dollars from foreign residents. 
 
 The health of the Rev. Mr. Syle had become so much impaired 
 by unceasing labor as to necessitate a visit to the United States, and 
 on the i6th of February, 1853, accompanied by his wife and two 
 children, he sailed for New York, arriving May 19th. On the Sun- 
 day before his departure he baptized the first convert from among 
 the girls in Miss Jones' school. She was the betrothed of the 
 native Deacon, Kong Chai Wong. On the 26th of May Mr. Points 
 left Shanghai for a brief visit to this country on personal affairs, in- 
 tending to return with Bishop Boone in the autumn. 
 
 For many months prior to this date rumors had been current 
 regarding the operations of a band of men in the interior provinces 
 of the southern portion of China, who were said to be arrayed in 
 open opposition to the Imperial government. In June of this 
 year the movement culminated in armed rebellion, spreading 
 gradually until nearly the whole Empire was involved in anarchy 
 and confusion, and continuing with varying fortunes until its final 
 suppression in the spring of 1855, The leader, Hung Siu-tseun, 
 claimed to be a natural, and not merely a spiritual child of GOD, 
 and as such to have dominion over the whole earth. He announced 
 that there was but one country, the Celestial Kingdom; but one 
 dynasty, the Tai-ping, that of the Prince of Peace, whose prime 
 
23 
 
 minister was the HOLY Ghost. The insurgents professed to be 
 Christians and to hold communication with the Heavenly Father. 
 They possessed portions of the Scriptures, and published numerous 
 books and tracts containing their doctrines and precepts, many of 
 which, though mixed with error, were evidently derived from the 
 Word of God. They destroyed idols and professed to observe 
 the Ten Commandments. 
 
 Doubtless their religious ideas were a legacy from the Chris- 
 tianity which prevailed to a considerable extent in China centuries 
 before, and modern enthusiasts were filled with the joyful hope that 
 the movement portended the rapid extension of the true faith 
 throughout the Empire — a hope which was doomed to speedy dis- 
 appointment. Whatever may have been the sincerity of some of 
 his followers, there is no reason to believe that the leader of this 
 remarkable crusade was actuated by any other motive than ambi- 
 tion for political supremacy; and the barbarous excesses and 
 cruelties which marked the progress of the rebellion soon alienated 
 the sympathy of those who fancied they saw in its inception the 
 beginning of a movement that would open wide the barriers to the 
 introduction of the Gospel. 
 
 The rebels captured Nanking and many other important points, 
 threatened Peking with a powerful force, and in September, 1853, 
 Shanghai surrendered* to their victorious arms. Soon after, the 
 city was invested by an Imperial army, and for a year and a half it 
 was subjected to all the horrors of a siege. It was repeatedly fired 
 in various places by both the rebels and the imperialists, and after 
 its recapture by the government forces, a great portion was in 
 ruins. Fire had raged all around the Mission church, and even 
 destroyed a house within a few feet of it, yet the sacred edifice 
 stood uninjured, a monument of GOD's unfailing mercy. 
 
 Although our Missionaries were providentially saved from harm, 
 they were in constant peril and suffered great anxiety and many 
 privations. Faithfully and bravely, however, they remained at the 
 post of duty, and during all the dangers and discouragements of 
 those troublous times there was no interruption in the Services of 
 the Mission chapel, and the regular exercises of the school were 
 maintained as usual. 
 
 During their visit to this country Bishop Boone and the Rev. 
 Mr. Syle presented the claims of the China Mission with great 
 earnestness and much success. In the summer of 1853 Miss Emma 
 J. Wray, of Augusta, Ga., and Miss Jeanette R. Conover, of Phila- 
 
24 
 
 delphia, were appointed to the Mission. On the 14th of October 
 Bishop Boone, with his wife and two children, Mr. Points, Miss 
 Wray, and Miss Conover, sailed for Shanghai, where they arrived 
 on Good Friday, April 14th, 1854. 
 
 But little progress was made in the affairs of the Mission during 
 the year 1854, owing to the continuance of the insurrection, but the 
 schools were well maintained and religious Services were regularly 
 held. On the 27th of April the Rev. Mr. Keith and Miss Tenney 
 were united in marriage. There were but two appointments to 
 the Mission this year — the Rev. Joseph D. Powell, of the Diocese 
 of Virginia, and Dr. M. W. Fish, the latter in the double capacity 
 of physician and teacher. The Bishop made several appeals for 
 further reinforcements, feeling confident that the restoration of 
 tranquillity would afford even more favorable opportunity than ever 
 before for the prosecution of the work. The Rev. Mr. Syle, who 
 since his return to this country in 1853 had been actively engaged 
 in efforts to awaken interest in the China Mission, and also in the 
 establishment of a Mission among the Chinese resident in New 
 York city, accepted an appointment from the Domestic Committee 
 for Mission work among the Chinese in California, and in December 
 left New York for the Pacific coast. It was with reluctance that 
 the Foreign Committee relinquished his services, but they recog- 
 nized the importance of the proposed Mission and his eminent 
 qualifications for the work. 
 
 In January, 1855, there arrived in New York two Chinese youths 
 from the Mission school— Yung Kiung Yen, and Yang He Ting — 
 for the purpose of completing their education. They had been mem- 
 bers of the school for several years, the former being a commu- 
 nicant in the Church. His support was assumed by the Sunday- 
 school of the Church of the Ascension, New York, the Rev. Mr. 
 Bedell, Rector; that of the other by the Sunday-school of St. 
 George's Church, New York, the Rev. Dr. Tyng, Rector. 
 
 With the restoration of peace in the spring of this year came the 
 dawn of more hopeful days. On Easter-Day six persons were 
 confirmed and three baptized in the chapel, and there was a marked 
 increase in the attendance at both places of worship. On the 3d 
 of April Dr. Fish and his wife sailed for Shanghai, where they 
 arrived on the 3d of August. The Doctor immediately made 
 arrangements for opening a hospital and dispensary, but his con- 
 nection with the Mission was brief, as on the 1st of January, 1856, 
 he resigned and accepted an appointment as U. S. Consul at 
 
35 
 
 Shanghai. There were two appointments to the Mission in 1855 — 
 the Rev. John Liggins, and the Rev. Channing Moore Williams, 
 They sailed for Shanghai on the 30th of November, and reached 
 their destination on the 28th of June, 1856. In the fall of 1855, 
 Miss Emma J. Wray retired from the Mission in consequence of ill 
 health and returned to the United States. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Syle having been re-appointed sailed from San 
 Francisco February 26th, 1856, and reached Shanghai on the 
 15th of April following. He at once resumed the charge of 
 Christ Church. On the loth of February Chu Kiung Tong, who 
 was in this country with Bishop Boone in 1853, was ordained Dea- 
 con. The candidate was presented by the Rev. Mr. Nelson, the 
 Rev. Kong Chai Wong preached the sermon, the Rev. Mr. Keith 
 read the epistle, and the new Deacon the Gospel. The entire 
 Services were in Chinese, and the occasion was very interesting 
 and impressive. 
 
 Mr. J. T. Points, after suffering from illness for several months, 
 was finally compelled to withdraw from the Mission, arriving at 
 home on the 29th of June. His services as teacher had been very 
 valuable, and at the time of his resignation he was a candidate for 
 Holy Orders. Miss Emma G. Jones returned to this country at the 
 same time, her health being impaired by nearly twelve years of 
 Mission labor. It was her hope, however, to return in the course 
 of a year or two. The Rev. J. D. Powell, who was appointed in 
 1854, but who had been obliged to remain at home on account of 
 his wife's enfeebled health, tendered his resignation, which was 
 accepted in September, 1856. 
 
 The Bishop's annual report for the year presented an encourag- 
 ing account of the Mission; in the boarding-school for boys there 
 were forty pupils; the same number in the girls' boarding-school; 
 there were two day-schools for boys, with fifty pupils; and four 
 day-schools for girls, with about one hundred pupils. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 1857-1862. 
 
 On the nth of January, 1857, Bishop Boone advanced the Rev, 
 John Liggins and the Rev. Channing Moore WilHams to the Priest- 
 hood. In February the Rev. Mr Keith and wife, both suffering 
 from ill health, left Shanghai for a season of rest and recuperation, 
 reaching New York May ist. The Bishop was also obliged to 
 yield to prolonged sufferings and seek the benefits of a sea voyage 
 and a few months' residence in this country. Accompanied by his 
 family he sailed from Shanghai on. the 13th of May, and arrived in 
 New York on the 28th of August. Prior to his departure he made 
 arrangement for the government of the Mission during his absence 
 by forming the Presbyters into a committee, of which Mr. Syle was 
 elected president, and Mr. Liggins secretary. 
 
 The close of 1857 found China convulsed with civil dissensions 
 and engaged in war with England, and although Shanghai had not 
 become the seat of actual conflict, the situation was such as to 
 awaken the gravest apprehension. One good result, however, of 
 the political disturbances was the enlargement of the circuit in 
 which Missionaries were permitted to labor. In June the Rev. 
 Messrs. Nelson and Williams visited the great city of Soo Chow, 
 the capital of the province of Kiang-Soo, one of the first cities of 
 the Empire, containing a population of two millions, and were per- 
 mitted to preach in the principal temples and distribute books and 
 tracts in the streets without molestation. On their return to 
 Shanghai they visited a number of other places, and distributed 
 books which were received with apparent eagerness. 
 
 The Bishop's annual report mentioned the establishment of two 
 new out-stations within three miles of Shanghai — one at Sing-zak, 
 where Mr. Williams, assisted by Deacon Wong, held Services three 
 times a week — the other at Tsang-ka-bang, where Mr. Liggins 
 officiated. The day-schools which had been discontinued for want 
 of funds, were resumed, the whole number being nine; with an 
 average of twenty pupils each. The two boarding-schools con- 
 tinued to flourish, and there were a number of candidates for Bap- 
 tism in each. In the boys' school Miss Fay was assisted by one 
 
 ye 
 
27 
 
 of the former pupils, Yang He Ting, whose visit to this country 
 for education has been mentioned. Among his other plans for 
 doing good, Mr. Syle had established an industrial school for blind 
 communicants and such other blind persons as chose to attend. 
 The charity met with much favor in Shanghai, one liberal merchant 
 giving money for the erection of a house and an endowment of one 
 thousand dollars' worth of stock yielding ten per cent, interest. 
 
 The Bishop strongly advocated the widening of missionary 
 operations, as will be seen by the conclusion of his report: 
 
 " I beg to remind the Board that such a Mission as this to China can 
 only be sustained by constant accessions. Disease is always thinning the 
 ranks of those in the field; that field is daily widening, under the pressure 
 of the foreign influences now operating in it. We have tarried at Shanghai 
 long enough; the cry of the Church to us should now be, 'Onward! Go ye 
 into all the plains, enter into every city and town thereof, bearing the glad 
 tidings of peace.' But to enable us to do this, the Church must give us 
 both men and means. We cannot draw upon our staff at Shanghai; to 
 diffuse, we must first multiply; our laity must cast more of their silver and 
 their gold into the treasury of the Lord than they have done; our young 
 men must deny themselves, take up their cross, and follow Jesus to those 
 ends of the earth, in obedience to His last command, ' Preach the Gospel 
 to every creature.' " 
 
 In February, 1858, Messrs. Liggins and Williams visited the city 
 of Dzang Zok, about ninety miles northwest of Shanghai, and con- 
 taining over lCXD,ooo inhabitants. After considerable difficulty they 
 succeeded in obtaining suitable quarters for the establishment of a 
 Mission in a house in the suburbs, the large hall of which, capable 
 of seating nearly two hundred persons, they converted into a 
 chapel, and soon gathered congregations averaging about one hun- 
 dred and fifty. They also preached in the city and adjacent vil- 
 lages and distributed books and tracts. When it is remembered 
 that less than two years had elapsed since their arrival in the 
 country, the fact that they were already able to preach in the 
 Chinese language is Sufficient evidence of the energy with which 
 they had labored. 
 
 Miss Emma G. Jones, having greatly improved in health during 
 her sojourn in this country, left New York on the 18th of March 
 for the return voyage to China, where she arrived safely in eighty- 
 eight days. Miss Ellen A. Bowers, of Pomfret, Conn., was 
 appointed to the Mission in March, but failing health prevented 
 her leaving home, and she resigned in September. 
 
 In June of this year an event of great importance, both to the 
 Missionary cause and the general progress of civilization and en- 
 
28 
 
 lightenment, occurred ; treaties of peace were signed between China 
 and Great Britain, France, Russia and the United States. Their 
 terms secured the complete toleration of Christianity throughout 
 the Empire; Hberty for foreigners to go everywhere unmolested, 
 if provided with passports; the right of foreign ambassadors to have 
 direct access to the government at Peking, and the opening of 
 additional ports for trade. The " religion of jESUS" (the Chinese 
 term for Protestant Christianity) was for the first time distinctly 
 mentioned in these treaties, in conjunction with and in priority to 
 the " religion of the Lord of Heaven " (the old term for the Roman 
 Catholic form of the Christian religion). 
 
 In the negotiation of the American treaty, the United States 
 Minister — the Hon. W. B. Reed— strenuously and successfully con- 
 tended for the admission of the Gospel, and so much had he to do 
 with securing toleration for Christianity, and so judiciously and 
 zealously did he work, that the Bishop of Victoria, the Rt. Rev. 
 Dr. Smith, in a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, spoke of 
 him in the following high terms of praise: 
 
 " It is right that the friends of Christian Missions on both sides of 
 the Atlantic should know how pre-eminently they are indebted for the 
 Christian element, in the wording of the treaties, to the hearty zeal, 
 sympathy and co-operation of his Excellency, W. B. Reed." 
 
 Early in 1859 the Rev. J. B. Southgate was appointed to China, 
 but soon afterward resigned. The Foreign Committee having 
 decided upon the establishment of a Mission to Japan, selected the 
 city of Nagasaki as the station, and, on the 14th of February, 
 appointed the Rev. Messrs. Liggins and Williams to begin the work 
 there. Meanwhile events in China were working in harmony with 
 this movement. The departure of Mr. Nelson for this country 
 rendered it necessary for Mr. Williams to leave Dzang Zok and 
 return to Shanghai. The native Deacon Wong was sent to Dzang 
 Zok to assist Mr. Liggins, but soon afterward an apparently unto- 
 ward circumstance caused the abandonment of that station. Mr. 
 Liggins chanced to encounter a rabble of the lower class and 
 was severely beaten. The effect of this rough treatment, com- 
 bined with his previous ill health, obliged him to retire from the 
 scene of his labors, and with Mr. Wong he returned to Shanghai, 
 where his physician advised a journey to Nagasaki. He sailed for 
 that city on the 23d of April, before the letter appointing him 
 to the Japan Mission reached Shanghai. He was joined by Mr. 
 Williams in the latter part of June. They were the first Protestant 
 Missionaries to that countrv 
 
39 
 
 On the 1st of April Miss Conover arrived at home on a short 
 vacation, followed by Mr. Nelson and family on the 20th of May. 
 Early in May Mr. Keith and his wife left New York on their return 
 to Shanghai, arriving on the l8th of October. On the 12th of June 
 Mr. Syle baptized twelve of the boys in Miss Fay's school, and 
 nine more were candidates. 
 
 In view of the enlarged opportunities for mission work afforded 
 by the recent concessions of the Chinese government, the Foreign 
 Committee made a special effort to increase the Missionary force, 
 and Bishop Boone succeeded in securing pecuniary aid to the 
 extent of $20,000, for the support of the Missionaries. He also 
 raised several thousand dollars for the establishment of a Mission 
 station in the interior of China. Many applications for appoint- 
 ment were received, and the following persons were selected: 
 Mr. Henry M. Parker, of the Diocese of South Carolina; Mr. 
 Dudley D. Smith, of the Diocese of Alabama; Mr. Henry Purdon 
 and Mr. Thomas S. Yocom, of the Diocese of Pennsylvania; Mr. 
 Elliot H. Thomson, of the Diocese of Virginia; Mr. James T. 
 Doyen, of the Diocese of Maryland; Mr. Edward Hubbell, of 
 the Diocese of New York, students in the Theological Seminary, 
 Fairfax Co., Va.; also Mr. Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky, of the 
 Diocese of Maryland, student in the General Theological Seminary, 
 N. Y. Messrs. Smith, Purdon, Thomson, and Schereschewsky 
 were ordained to the Diaconate by Bishop Boone on the 7th of 
 July, in St. George's Church, New York; and Mr. Parker on the 
 loth of July, in the Church of the Ascension, New York. Mr. 
 Yocom was ordained by Bishop Bowman in Philadelphia. Messrs. 
 Doyen and Hubbell were candidates for Holy Orders; the former 
 was to take charge of the boys' boarding-school in Shanghai, the 
 latter to act as business agent. The party also included Mrs. 
 Parker, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Yocum, and Mrs. Jane M. Doyen, the 
 mother of Mr. Doyen. A farewell meeting was held in the Church 
 of the Ascension on the evening of July loth, and on the 13th 
 the Missionaries, accompanied by Bishop and Mrs. Boone, sailed 
 for Shanghai, where they arrived on the 2ist of December. 
 
 The ratification of the French and English treaties was not 
 destined to peaceful accomplishment; the allied forces were 
 repulsed at the mouth of the Peiho, and in Canton the greatest 
 animosity was manifested toward all foreigners. This feeling 
 spread rapidly through other cities, and in Shanghai a serious 
 outbreak occurred in August. Foreigners could not safely venture 
 
30 
 
 into the streets, and a mob attacked the Mission church, breaking 
 doors, windows and lamps, damaging the stone front, and throwing 
 books and robes into the street. The interference of the Chinese 
 authorities preserved the building from utter destruction, and 
 Mr. Syle's application through the U. S Consul for damages was 
 met by the payment of four hundred taels, then worth about six 
 hundred dollars. Quiet was soon restored, but only for a time. 
 
 On the 28th of December occurred the death of Mrs. Syle, after 
 a brief illness. She had been long and faithfully engaged in the 
 work of the Mission and was warmly beloved by her associates. 
 
 The apprehension that had for some time been entertained 
 of a possible conflict regarding jurisdiction, between the American 
 Episcopal Church and the Church of England, was happily allayed 
 in the course of this year by the spontaneous action of the latter 
 body. The Archbishop of Canterbury suggested that the Bishop 
 of Victoria and Bishop Boone should settle the question as they 
 pleased, and it was accordingly agreed that the province of Kiang- 
 Su, in which our Missions were established, should be left to the 
 occupation of the American Church, while the Missionaries of 
 the English Church should labor in the province of Cheh-Kiang. 
 This arrangement gave our Church the exclusive ministry among 
 37,000,000 of people dwelling in a territory not exceeding that 
 of one of the larger States in the American Union. 
 
 Soon after Bishop Boone's arrival in Shanghai he confirmed 
 twenty-seven persons at the school chapel, and eight at Christ 
 Church. One member of the graduating class in the boys' school 
 was received as a candidate for Holy Orders. The new Mission- 
 aries applied themselves diligently to learning the language, ren- 
 dering what assistance they could, meanwhile, in the English 
 schools. 
 
 The year i860 opened with gloomy forebodings of war and 
 anarchy. Not only was the country threatened by the hostile 
 attitude of France and England, but a formidable insurrection was 
 raging in the northern provinces. In May the rebels burned 
 the suburbs of the city of Soo Chow, rendering some two or 
 three hundred thousand people homeless and helpless, and as 
 the insurgents advanced toward Shanghai, the inhabitants fled 
 by thousands. In August the rebels attacked the city, but were 
 speedily repulsed by the allied forces. The professions of Christi- 
 anity formerly made by the insurgents were continued, and they 
 ex Dressed particular friendship for Missionaries, whom they claimed 
 
31 
 
 as brethren of a common faith. Many foreigners evinced sympathy 
 for the rebels, but they were in reality little else than marauders. 
 
 In the midst of all this turmoil the work of the Mission made 
 steady progress. Mr. Syle succeeded in establishing a printing- 
 office; the Institution for the Blind was well supported, sheltermg 
 sixty persons, fourteen of whom were communicants; and a shop 
 was opened for the sale of the Scriptures, Christian tracts, and 
 educational books. Miss Conover left New York on the 5th of 
 June for her return voyage to Shanghai, arriving on the 28th of 
 September. On the 28th of October the Bishop admitted Messrs. 
 Schereschewsky, Thomson, and Smith to the Priesthood. On 
 the I2th of November he confirmed thirteen persons at Christ 
 Church. In November the restoration of peace was effected, though 
 with but little resumption of good feeling, the allies having enforced 
 a ratification of the treaty of Tien-Tsin, made in 1858. The rebels 
 continued in arms in the northern provinces, but did not again 
 menace Shanghai. 
 
 The following paragraph from the Report of the Foreign Com- 
 mittee for 1861, shows how reduced the force immediately became: 
 
 " Great changes have, moreover, characterized the history of the Mis- 
 sion during the past year. In addition to those already mentioned, namely, 
 the retirement of Mr. and Mrs. Doyen and Mr. Hubbell, the sale of the 
 boys' school-house, etc., the Committee have now to report the resignation 
 of the Rev. Mr. Purdon and the Rev. Mr. Yocum, who have returned to 
 the United States, and of Miss Emma G. Jones — the last, after many years 
 of faithful service in the field. The Rev. Mr. Syle, finding it necessary to 
 bring his motherless children to this country, embarked from China in 
 January, and reached New York March 29th last. The Rev. Mr. Nelson, 
 whose detention in this country has been already mentioned, is now in 
 Virginia, supporting himself, it is supposed, by parish work." 
 
 Mr. Purdon arrived in the United States in May, i860. 
 
 The plan which had long been entertained of establishing a 
 station in the interior was carried into effect in April, when Mr. 
 and Mrs. Parker and Mr. and Mrs. Smith took their departure 
 for Che-foo, on the Gulf of Pe-che-le, in the province of Shan-tung. 
 They were not very hospitably received, and experienced great 
 diiificulty in getting a house, but after a few weeks were fairly 
 engaged in Mission labors. 
 
 On the 4th of May the Rev. Chu Kiung Tong was, at his 
 own request, deposed from the Ministry by Bishop Boone. The 
 reasons assigned for his resignation were want of success in his 
 work, and lack of sufficient means for the support of his family. 
 
32 
 
 On the 13th of July, Miss Conover, compelled by ill health, 
 sailed for the United States, arriving early in December. 
 
 During this summer but little progress was made, owing to the 
 reduced force and the continuance of political disturbances. When 
 the boys' school was disbanded. Miss Fay was temporarily trans- 
 ferred to the charge of the school of the English Church Missionary 
 Society, at their request, taking with her twenty of the boys 
 from her former school. 
 
 In October occurred one of the saddest events in the history of 
 the Mission. A band of rebels threatened the city of Che-foo, and 
 Mr. Parker volunteered to meet them and endeavor to prevail upon 
 them to withdraw. He set out upon his errand of peace and 
 mercy, but as soon as he encountered the rebels they surrounded 
 and murdered him. His companion, Mr. Holmes, a Baptist Mis- 
 sionary, shared the same fate. On the 7th of November Mrs. 
 Parker sailed from Shanghai for the United States, via England. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Smith remained at their post in the village of Choo- 
 kie, near the city of Che-foo. 
 
 The Chinese student, Yung Kiung Yen, after completing his 
 studies in this country and graduating with honor at Kenyon 
 College, returned to Shanghai, arriving in January, 1862. He 
 desired to connect himself with the Mission and was accepted 
 by Bishop Boone as a candidate for Holy Orders. 
 
 About the first of February, owing to the failure of Mrs. Keith's 
 health, she, with her husband, left Shanghai for Japan, hoping that 
 the change of climate might prove beneficial. After a stay of 
 some three months they decided, under medical advice, to return 
 to the United States, via San Francisco. During the voyage Mrs. 
 Keith was unable to leave her berth. Upon reaching San Fran- 
 cisco on the 27th of June they were kindly received by the family 
 of Bishop Kip, and everything was done that Christian sympathy 
 and love could suggest for Mrs. Keith, but without avail; she died 
 on the loth of July. Leaving her remains in a temporary resting- 
 place, Mr. Keith embarked on the 17th, on the steamer " Golden 
 Gate " for Panama. On the evening of Sunday, the 27th, the 
 steamer was destroyed by fire and Mr. Keith was among those 
 who perished. 
 
 In the death pf these two faithful laborers the Mission sustained 
 a great loss. Mrs. Keith was very successful as a teacher and 
 rendered valuable service in the translation into Chinese of school- 
 books and other works for the young. Mr. Keith possessed great 
 
33 
 
 scholarly attainments; he translated a large portion of the Old 
 Testament and some books of the New Testament into the diaject 
 of Shanghai, and aided Bishop Boone in rendering the Prayer 
 Book into the same dialect. He had also completed a dictionary, 
 the manuscript of which was lost at sea. He evinced his devotion 
 to the cause of the Mission in China by bequeathing to it the most 
 of his property, acquired by inheritance. 
 
 Early in July Mr. Schereschewsky left Shanghai for Peking, in 
 company with Mr. Burlingame, the American Minister, and his 
 Secretary, Dr. Williams. It was the Bishop's desire that he should 
 spend three or four years in Peking, to perfect himself in the 
 language, in the acquisition of which he had made remarkable 
 progress. 
 
 On the 14th of July Mrs. Smith fell a victim to the cholera, 
 then widely prevalent. She was a faithful and devoted Missionary, 
 and her death added another to the long list of afflictions that had 
 recently overtaken the Mission. Mr. Smith being left with the 
 charge of an infant daughter, accepted the Bishop's advice and 
 went to Shanghai. He could not, however, remain content to 
 abandon his chosen field of labor, and in November returned to 
 Che-foo. 
 
 During the winter and spring of this year the city of Shanghai 
 was invested by large numbers of the Tai-Ping insurgents, who 
 committed great ravages upon the adjacent villages, but were 
 finally dispersed by the English and French forces. This peril 
 was followed by the prevalence of small pox, typhus and typhoid 
 fever, and cholera, which swept away thousands of both Chinese 
 and foreigners; but in the midst of all this terrible calamity, the 
 Mission family at Shanghai was mercifully preserved from harm. 
 
 Miss Conover, having regained her health, received an appoint- 
 ment to Japan and sailed for Kanagawa on the nth of November, 
 arriving in March, 1863. Almost immediately threatened hostilities 
 between Japan and England compelled foreigners to seek safety in 
 flight, and in May Miss Conover left for Shanghai, where she arrived 
 June 6th. The effect of the climate, however, produced a recur- 
 rence of her former throat trouble, and in September she again 
 returned to the United States, where she arrived in December. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 1 863- 1 870. 
 
 In April, 1863, the Rev. Mr. Smith, feeling compelled to retire 
 on account of his infant child, returned to the United States, arriv- 
 ing on the 17th of July, soon after which date his resignation was 
 accepted. This left the Mission at Shanghai with but one Pres- 
 byter, the Rev. Mr. Thomson; one native Deacon, and two female 
 Missionaries — Miss Fay, and Miss Catherine E. Jones. Never- 
 theless, Services were maintained in the church and the chapel; 
 while the boarding-school for girls, and the day-schools for both 
 boys and girls were continued with about the same attendance 
 as formerly. 
 
 On the 8th of November Bishop Boone ordained the Rev. Kong 
 Chai Wong to the Priesthood, and assigned to him the care of 
 Christ Church, in Shanghai. He had been a Deacon for thirteen 
 years, and his fidelity and diligence entitled him to the higher 
 honor. On the 24th of November occurred the death of Miss 
 Catherine E. Jones. Her disease was small-pox, of which several 
 of the pupils in the girls' boarding-school had previously died. 
 Miss Jones had been connected with the Mission for twelve years 
 and was ever steadfast at her post, never taking any recreation or 
 leaving Shanghai for even the briefest period. The Rev. Mr. 
 Schereschewsky still remained at Peking. Having thoroughly 
 mastered the language spoken there, he was engaged in preaching 
 and teaching, and was also occupied in the translation of the Bible 
 and Prayer Book into the Mandarin dialect, the language of the 
 Court and the literati. 
 
 In the fall of 1863 Mrs. Boone visited Japan for the benefit of 
 her health, but without avail. In October she returned to Shang- 
 hai, and in the following month, her physician having prescribed a 
 sea voyage, the Bishop and Mrs. Boone sailed for Singapore. A 
 short sojourn there producing no favorable change, it was deter- 
 mined to try the climate of Egypt. They landed at Suez on the 
 i6th of January, 1864, and on the 20th Mrs. Boone died. She had 
 endured prolonged sufferings with uncomplaining patience, but the 
 final moment was like sinking into gentle slumber. Mrs. Boone 
 
 34 
 
35 
 
 was connected with the Mission for nineteen years, and labored 
 earnestly for its advancement. She was buried at Suez, in the 
 cemetery for foreigners — a quiet, secluded spot on an island in the 
 harbor. Although seven thousand miles away from her Chinese 
 home, she was borne to the grave from the boat by four Chinamen; 
 she had devoted nineteen years to serve their nation, and they 
 were appointed to carry her to her last resting-place. 
 
 Soon after Mrs. Boone's death the Bishop started for England, 
 and, crossing to the continent, left his youngest son in charge of 
 Miss Emma G. Jones at Weisbaden. On his return voyage a terri- 
 ble cyclone was encountered between Aden and Singapore, and 
 the steamer came near foundering. In the Bishop's enfeebled 
 state of health, his suffering was severe, and when he reached 
 Shanghai on the 13th of June, he was dangerously ill. He grew 
 rapidly worse and died on the 17th of July, in the fifty-third year 
 of his age and twenty-seventh of his missionary labors. 
 
 This sad event cast a profound gloom over the Mission, and 
 awakened sympathetic sorrow among the foreign residents of 
 Shanghai and the many natives who had learned to love the 
 Bishop as their friend and spiritual guide. He was a man of deep 
 and earnest piety, strong intellectual powers, and unwavering 
 devotion to the cause to which his life had been consecrated. 
 
 During the next two years there was but little change in the 
 affairs of the Mission. The Rev. Mr. Thomson continued in charge, 
 assisted by the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, and Yung Kiung Yen and 
 Vong Fee Wong, native catechists and candidates for Holy Orders. 
 Several preaching-places were established in the adjoining vil- 
 lages, and Services were regularly held in Christ Church and the 
 Mission chapel. Mrs. Thomson conducted a day-school for girls, 
 and the various schools for boys were well attended. The number 
 of converts was encouragingly large. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1866, the Rev. Augustus C. Hohing and 
 wife, then recently appointed to the Mission, reached Shanghai, 
 and soon afterward proceeded to Peking, to join the Rev. Mr. 
 Schereschewsky. 
 
 The Rev. Channing Moore Williams having been elected Mis- 
 sionary Bishop to China and Japan in October, 1865, returned ta 
 the United States in the summer of 1866, and was consecrated on 
 the 3d of October in St. John's Chapel, New York, the Presiding 
 Bishop, Hopkins, being the Consecrator. The sermon v/as preached 
 by Bishop Johns, of Virginia, and there were present and assist- 
 
36 
 
 ing Bishops Lee, Payne, Potter, Whipple and Talbot, and the Rev. 
 Drs. John Cotton Smith, Littlejohn, Twing, Denison and Morrell 
 took part in the Services. 
 
 On the nth of December the Rev. Mr. Nelson and wife left 
 New York for their return to China, via San Francisco, reaching 
 Shanghai on the 6th of February, 1867. During his stay in this 
 •country Mr.' Nelson had been actively and successfully engaged in 
 presenting the claims of the China Mission upon the prayers and 
 ■offerings of the Church. 
 
 The condition of affairs in Shanghai at the beginning of 1867 
 was concisely stated by the Rev. Mr. Thomson in a letter dated 
 January 4th. He said: 
 
 " Our new Bishop will have a glorious field before him. China is open 
 now in a fuller manner than it ever has been. There is no place where 
 we cannot go and preach and teach, unless it be a few remote points where 
 the remains of the rebellion still linger. It is true we cannot reside at 
 •every place without breaking the treaty. Some have even disregarded 
 that and are not molested, but even without breaking the law we can 
 ■stay a month or two at any point to establish native helpers and to visit 
 them. China may be said to be a field ready for the -workers — I say not 
 ^ reapers.' There must be first the ploughing up of the hard fallow 
 ground — real hard work, tiresome work, -^vork to try men's patience ; then 
 will come the harvest." 
 
 Mr Thomson had recently returned from a stay of some weeks 
 At Che-foo; he strongly advocated the permanent establishment of 
 a station in the province of Shantung on account of the healthful- 
 ness of the climate. The Rev. Mr. Wong, accompanied by the 
 native catechist Kia Sung Ting, had also made a tour into the in- 
 terior, meeting with a friendly reception and distributing large 
 numbers of books. The work at Shanghai was progressing as fairly 
 as was possible with the limited force of laborers. From sixteen 
 to eighteen Services were held weekly, with good average attend- 
 ance. The schools were under the charge of the Rev. Mr. Wong, 
 assisted by the catechists Kia Sung Ting, and Hoong Neok Woo. 
 A native Missionary Society had been established and was effect- 
 ing valuable results, having a boys' and a girls' school, with forty- 
 two pupils, under the special charge of Mr. Woo. Mrs. Thomson 
 3iad the care of the girls' school and a daily class of Bible-readers. 
 During the previous six months there had been seven baptisms. 
 In April the Rev. Mr. Hohing met with a severe affliction in the 
 ■death of his wife and eldest child. He did not, however, abandon 
 iiis work, but rather addressed himself to it with even greater 
 devotion. About this date Miss Fay, who had been temporarily 
 
37 
 
 fn the employ of the English Mission, resumed her former position 
 in charge of the girls' school at Shanghai. 
 
 Miss Susan M. Waring, of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn, was 
 appointed to the Mission in April, sailed on the 2 1st of September, 
 and reached Shanghai on the 13th of November. On the nth of 
 September Bishop Williams left New York, via San Francisco, 
 arriving at Shanghai on the 14th of January, 1868. Soon afterward 
 there occurred some events that promised to have a most favorable 
 influence upon the Mission cause. The Emperor issued an edict 
 forbidding the rebuilding of temples that had been destroyed, and 
 the repair of those that had fallen into decay, with an exception, 
 however, in favor of the temples of Confucius. The Chancellor, or 
 chief Judge of Soochow, the largest city in the province where our 
 Mission was situated, issued a proclamation prohibiting the people 
 from worshipping in the temples, or burning incense, candles and 
 silver paper before the idols. Another proclamation was made by 
 the Mandarins of Kashung, a city in the province of Chekiang, for- 
 bidding any interference with the teaching or preaching of Christi- 
 anity. The lesson drawn by the Bishop from these events was 
 that " God is calling on us most loudly to enter more fully, more 
 earnestly on the great work of preaching the Gospel to the millions 
 of China." 
 
 On the 24th of February the Bishop wrote that he and Mr. 
 Nelson had just returned froni a tour of inspection in search of the 
 best place for an interior station. They visited Kiu-Kiang, four 
 hundred miles, and Hankow, six hundred miles west and south of 
 Shanghai. The reopening of the boys' boarding-school, under 
 charge of Miss Fay, was an encouraging indication of renewed ac- 
 tivity in Mission work. The hospital established a few months be- 
 fore and mainly supported by Chinese and foreign residents, proved 
 the means of doing much good. 
 
 On the 1st of March the Bishop confirmed thirty-eight Chinese 
 and eight foreigners. On the 19th he left Shanghai for the pur- 
 pose of examining Che-foo and Tung-chow, in Shantung province, 
 and Tien-tsin and Peking, in Pe-che-le province, before deciding 
 upon the point for a new station. On the 2ist of April Miss Susan 
 M. Waring, Missionary teacher at Shanghai, was married, by the Rev. 
 E. H. Thomson, to the Rev. Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky, Missionary 
 at Peking. The Bishop returned from his tour on the 27th of 
 April, having inspected the cities above named and travelled some 
 2,200 miles. On the 4th of May he again started, with Mr. Wong, 
 
38 
 
 and after visiting Ta-tsong, Soo-chow, and Dzang-Zok (where he 
 and Mr. Liggins formerly lived), returned on the I2th. On Sunday 
 the 17th he admitted to the Diaconate, Mr. Yung Kiung Yen, 
 the candidate being presented by the Rev. E. H. Thomson; the 
 Rev. Robert Nelson and the Rev. Kong Chai Wong taking part in 
 the Services. 
 
 In the Bishop's report dated June 30th, several matters of inter- 
 est were noted. The Rev. Mr. Schereschewsky, finding a heathen 
 temple for sale at Peking, purchased it for less than $1,000 and 
 changed it into a Christian church. A new station had been 
 established at Kong-wan, a town of thirty thousand inhabitants, 
 four miles from Shanghai, It was placed in charge of a native 
 catechist and assistant, and was visited weekly by Mr. Nelson and 
 Mr. Thomson. Still more important was the opening of an interior 
 station at Wuchang, the capital of the province of Hupeh, in 
 the very heart of the empire, and a most prominent literary and 
 commercial centre at the confluence of the Yang-tse and Han 
 Rivers. With Hankow and Hanyang, on the opposite bank of the 
 former river and separated by the latter, forming almost one city, 
 the population was about twelve hundred thousand. It was the 
 Bishop's design to make it the Missionary centre, and establish 
 boarding and training-schools, where young men could be prepared 
 for the work of the Ministry, for catechists and school-teachers, 
 and from which as a base, when strong enough, they could occupy 
 the adjacent towns and cities. The Bishop. Mr. Hohing, and Mr. 
 Yen took up their residence at Wuchang on the 2d of June, but 
 the need of more Missionaries was painfully evident. 
 
 A few weeks later considerable excitement was occasioned by 
 an attack upon Mr. Hohing and Mr. Yen by a lawless set of so- 
 called "military students" assembled from different parts of the 
 province to attend examinations. Mr. Hohing was somewhat in- 
 jured by stones thrown at him and was forced to take shelter in the 
 house of a friendly Chinese. The affair was greatly deplored by 
 the peaceable citizens, to whom the rabble bore about the same 
 relation that the "hoodlums" of San Francisco, who are always 
 ready to assail unoffending Chinamen, sustain toward respectable 
 people. 
 
 In October the following important proclamation in regard to 
 liberty of worship in China was issued by the authorities of the 
 Celestial Empire: 
 
 " Ma, Governor-General of the two Kiang Provinces, Imperial Com- 
 
39 
 
 missioner, etc. ; Tseng-quo-fan, late Governor-General of the two Kiang 
 Provinces, Imperial Commissioner, etc.; Ting, Governor of Kiang Su — 
 hereby issue a proclamation for general information : 
 
 " Whereas, the preaching of religion is sanctioned by treaty, and all 
 persons are at liberty to become proselytes thereto as it suits their conven- 
 ience, without compulsion either for or against: We, therefore, issue this 
 proclamation to give the population, civil and military, of these districts 
 to know that it is required of them that they carefully observe the treaty 
 which has been concluded by our most gracious sovereign the Emperor, 
 and that they must not annoy religious establishments, nor raise pretexts; 
 nor must they treat foreign travellers with wanton disrespect. Every 
 wilful offender will certainly be visited with heavy punishment, without 
 hope of pardon. 
 
 " Obey with trembling ! A special proclamation, 27th day, 9th month, 
 7th year of the Emperor Tung Che." 
 
 In November the Bishop confirmed eight persons in Christ 
 Church, Shanghai, and in a communication dated January 7th, 1869, 
 spoke of the encouraging aspect of affairs in the Mission, the great 
 hinderance being the lack of workers. He also mentioned the 
 pressing need for a Missionary physician. The first convert at 
 Wuchang was Tsao Si-Fang, Mr. Hohing's teacher. He was bap- 
 tized on the fourth Sunday in Lent, March 7th, 1869. On the loth, 
 the Bishop took his departure for Osaka, Japan, where he had 
 decided to make his residence. Before leaving, he confirmed thirty- 
 two Chinese in Christ Church, Shanghai, and the Church of Our 
 Saviour, as the Mission chapel in Hong Kew, the American Con- 
 cession, was called. 
 
 A new out-station had been established at Tsa Ka Pang, a 
 hamlet about two miles distant, where Mr. Yen had opened a 
 day-school with money furnished by himself and a few of the 
 converts. In May the Rev. Mr. Thomson and family arrived in 
 the United States for a brief visit. It was the first time that Mr. 
 Thomson had seen his native land in ten years, during which period 
 he had labored faithfully in the Mission, much of the time single- 
 handed and alone. 
 
 In his July report the Bishop spoke of the excellent progress 
 made by the boys' boarding-school, at Shanghai, under Miss Fay's 
 charge, and the two day-schools which she also supervised. The 
 hospital was doing good work. The attendance at the dispensary 
 had reached as many as six hundred a day, and during the year then 
 closed more than 15,000 persons had received medical treatment. 
 Two English physicians, Drs. Jamieson and Henderson, attended 
 regularly and gave their services gratuitously. A building had been 
 rented in Hankow for Mission purposes, and a chapel opened in 
 
40 
 
 one of the principal thoroughfares. At Peking Mr. Schereschewsky 
 was still hard at work, translating the Bible into the Mandarin 
 dialect, and had nearly completed the translation of the Prayer 
 Book. 
 
 There were but two appointments to the Mission this year — the 
 Rev. Samuel R. J. Hoyt, Professor in Griswold College, Davenport, 
 Iowa — and the Rev. William J. Boone, son of the late Bishop 
 Boone. Mr. Hoyt and wife sailed in September and reached 
 Shanghai November 7th. They were soon located at Hankow. 
 Mr. Boone and wife left New York on the 1st of November and 
 arrived at Shanghai on the 7th of January, 1870, soon after which 
 they were assigned to the Mission at Wuchang. In April the 
 Bishop made a visit to the Mission and confirmed two persons at 
 Shanghai and five at Hankow. Miss Fay, whose health had become 
 enfeebled by her twenty years' arduous service, was induced to 
 take a short vacation, and arrived in New York on the 30th of May. 
 
 Nothing of special interest occurred during the summer. Mr. 
 Hohing was transferred to the station at Hankow, and Mr. Hoyt 
 to Wuchang. On the 28th of October the Rev. William J. Boone 
 and the Rev. Yung Kiung Yen were ordained to the Priesthood 
 by Bishop Williams in the English church at Hankow. In Novem- 
 ber work was commenced on the Chapel of the Nativity, a small 
 building in the suburbs of Wuchang, and on the 2Sth of December 
 it was opened for Divine Worship. The entire cost of the structure 
 was met by contributions received in Wuchang, and from some of 
 the converts in Shanghai. 
 

CHAPTER VI. 
 
 1871-74. 
 
 The year 1871 was another uneventful chapter in the history of 
 the Mission, although ground was steadily giined, and under the 
 energetic management of Bishop Williams every step taken was 
 onward. Through the self-denying exertions of the Missionaries, 
 funds were raised for the erection of a boys' boarding-school at 
 Wuchang, called the "Bishop Boone Memorial School." It was 
 begun in June and finished in September, opening with three 
 pupils. In November the number had increased to fourteen, and 
 on the 25th of December eleven of the boys were baptized. The 
 day-school conducted by Mrs. Schereschewsky at Peking was mak- 
 ing good progress with thirteen pupils. In November the Bishop 
 made his autumn visitation to Hankow, and on the 19th confirmed 
 five persons. The Rev. Mr. Thomson, his wife, and Miss Fay left 
 New York October iSth for their return to China, reaching Shang- 
 hai on the 6th of December. 
 
 In his appeal for help at the close of the year, the Bishop made 
 special mention of the desirable opportunity for the extension of 
 missionary effort presented by the city of Soochow, within eighty 
 miles of Shanghai, and easily accessible. 
 
 " This is an opportunity," said the Bishop, " for planting the Gospel 
 in the very heart of the most populous province of China, away from the 
 influence of a seaport town, and the evil example of foreign sailors and 
 others who come from distant lands, which we ought by all means to em- 
 brace. It contains over a million of people, and there are four other 
 walled cities within a radius of twenty miles, and in all that section of 
 country there is not a single clergyman of our Church, nor indeed a 
 minister of any denomination. Who, under such circumstances, could 
 help from crying out, ' Men and brethren, help !' " 
 
 The first six months of 1872 were devoid of any incidents of 
 moment. On the 13th of July the Rev. Mr. Hoyt and his wife 
 reached this country, their temporary withdrawal from the field 
 being rendered necessary by Mrs. Hoyt's enfeebled condition. 
 
 Although not directly connected with Mission interests, but as 
 having a possible future influence upon them, it should be noted 
 that in September an Imperial Commission from China arrived 
 
 41 
 
43 
 
 in the United States, having in charge about thirty Chinese 
 boys, averaging twelve years of age, sent here for the purpose of 
 acquiring a liberal education. They were to remain fifteen years, 
 and were placed with families of culture and respectability in 
 different sections of Connecticut and Massachusetts. They were 
 to be followed by about one hundred more. Although the Govern- 
 ment had ordered their continued instruction in the religion of 
 Confucius, there were elements at work that promised to benefit 
 the cause of CHRIST. Two of the Chinese ofificials in charge were 
 Christians, the boys were permitted to attend church, and of their 
 number five had been under Christian instruction in China, three 
 of them in the boys' school at Shanghai, where they had been 
 baptized. 
 
 The Bridgman Memorial School at Shanghai, founded in 1869 
 by Mrs. Bridgman (formerly Miss Gillette), who died in November, 
 1 87 1, was taken in charge by Mrs. Thomson and became a part of 
 the Mission work in September of this year. It was a girls' board- 
 ing-school and numbered twenty-seven pupils.. The Rev. Mr. 
 Hoyt returned to China in March, 1873, reaching Wuchang on the 
 nth of April. Mrs. Hoyt's health continued so feeble that she 
 was compelled to remain in this country. On the 1st of May the 
 Bishop admitted to the Diaconate Messrs. Hoong Neok Woo, and 
 Kia Sung Ting, who had been candidates for several years. Mr. 
 Ting was assigned to Shanghai, to assist Mr. Thomson, Mr. Woo 
 taking his place at Kong Wan. 
 
 The following resumi will show the condition of affairs in the 
 Mission at the close of June, 1873: There were three boarding- 
 schools and fourteen day-schools, six of the latter being supported 
 without aid from the Mission treasury. The number of pupils 
 was three hundred. Daily Services were held at Christ Church, 
 Shanghai, and the Church of our Saviour, in Hong Kew; also at 
 Kong Wan, and several villages; two colporteurs were at work dis- 
 tributing tracts; the Native Missionary Society at Shanghai con- 
 tinued its meetings, with thirty-five members; the hospital at 
 Shanghai, established by the Rev. Mr. Thomson in 1868, had, 
 during the past year, afforded treatment to 20,191 patients; a new 
 chapel was in course of erection at Wuchang, where it was also 
 intended to establish the "Jane Bohlen Memorial School for Girls," 
 as soon as a proper building site could be obtained; and funds were 
 in hand to build a chapel in Hankow when a proper location was 
 secured. At Peking, Dr. Schereschewsky had completed the 
 
43 
 
 translation of the entire Old Testament after fourteen years of 
 labor. The Mission work in Peking had made comparatively little 
 progress, but Dr. Schereschewsky paid a visit in May to a town one 
 hundred miles south of Peking, where he had previously established 
 a catechist, and baptized forty-three persons, more than thirty of 
 whom were adults. The only appointment to the Mission during 
 this year was that of the Rev. Francis H. Strieker, of the General 
 Theological Seminary, who left New York for China via Germany 
 on the 24th of September, reaching Hankow in January, 1874. 
 
 On the 28th of January, 1874, Albert C. Bunn, M.D., of Morris, 
 N. Y., was appointed Missionary physician. He sailed on the 19th 
 of October, accompanied by his wife and children, and Mrs. Hoyt, 
 reaching Wuchang on the 3d of December. In April the Rev. 
 Mr. Nelson reached the United States on leave of absence. In the 
 same month the Rev. G. D. B. Miller, Missionary at Osaka, Japan, 
 was, by his own request, transferred to China and took charge of 
 the English-speaking congregation at Shanghai, in place of Dr. 
 Nelson. Miss Ida E. Derby, of Binghamton, N. Y., was appointed 
 to the Mission in May, and in October started for China, but upon 
 reaching San Francisco changed her purpose and withdrew. 
 
 The Bishop's report for the year ending June 30th, 1874, showed 
 an encouraging state of affairs. At Shanghai regular Services were 
 held at Christ Church (within the city). Church of our Saviour 
 (Hong Kewj, Chapel of the Bridgman Memorial School, Kong 
 Wan Chapel, the Hospital for Chinese, Woosung, Lau-Zak, Yang- 
 Ka-Doo, Great East Gate, West Gate, Hong-Tseng, Tsa-Ka- 
 Pang, and Tung-Ziang-Kong. There were three boarding-schools 
 and fifteen day-schools, the former with sixty-four, the latter with 
 three hundred and sixty-eight pupils. The boarding-schools were. 
 Miss Fay's, for boys (twenty-three pupils); the Bridgman Memo- 
 rial (Mrs. Thomson's), for girls (twenty-six pupils); and Baird 
 Hall (Mr. Thomson's), for boys (fifteen pupils). There had 
 been fifteen confirmations at Christ Church, three at the Church of 
 our Saviour, six in other localities, and there were one hundred and 
 forty-one Chinese communicants. At Peking Dr. Schereschewsky 
 had completed the revision of the Mandarin version of the Old 
 Testament, and was holding daily Services either in the city or 
 outside of the West Gate, with an average attendance of forty-five. 
 At Wuchang the Bishop Boone Memorial School for boys had 
 twenty-eight pupils. Besides this building there were the Clergy 
 House and two chapels, all substantial brick structures. The 
 
44 
 
 Fukai Chapel — lately erected — with seating capacity for two hun- 
 dred persons, was opened on the 6th of April. Near by a lot of 
 two and two-thirds acres had been purchased, upon which it was 
 proposed to build the "Jane Bohlen Memorial School" for girls, a 
 house for a physician, and eventually a church and hospital. At 
 Hankow, a lot had been purchased and a chapel erected, to be 
 called St. Paul's. There were two school-houses, one new, the 
 buildings being of brick and stone. 
 
 For some time previous the Bishop had been convinced of the 
 necessity of dividing his immense jurisdiction, and the appointment 
 of another Bishop for China. A similar proposition was before the 
 Board of Missions when the Bishop's request was received, and the 
 General Convention, which met in October, approved the plan, 
 divided the jurisdiction, assigning Bishop Williams to Japan, with 
 the title of " Missionary Bishop of Yedo having Jurisdiction in 
 Japan," and elected the Rev. William P. Orrick, of the Diocese of 
 Pennsylvania, as Missionary Bishop of Shanghai. He, however, 
 declined the appointment. 
 
 Dr. Bunn's arrival was the occasion of great rejoicing, not only 
 among the Missionaries, but also the Chinese, who eagerly sought 
 his services. Some enthusiastic native posted before the street 
 chapel a notice which read, literally translated: " The Great 
 American Episcopal Church at this hall feels pulses and gives 
 medicines!" Mentioning the circumstance in a letter, Mr. Hoyt 
 remarked, "No doubt Dr. Bunn appreciates the great responsibil- 
 ity that this ' notice ' lays upon him, and there can be no doubt that 
 ' The Great American Episcopal Church ' is content to be personi- 
 fied as above." The Doctor commenced by opening a dispensary 
 three times a week at the chapel in Fukai street, and had as many 
 patients as he could attend to. The need of a properly appointed 
 hospital was strongly felt, and arrangements were made for the 
 erection of a small building for temporary use. 
 
<i, 
 
 5^ 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 1875-1877. 
 
 During the Bishop's visitation to the Mission in May, 1875, he 
 confirmed nine persons and administered the Holy Communion to 
 twenty, in the Chapel of the Nativity at Wuchang on Whitsun-day 
 morning, and in the evening confirmed six persons in the chapel at 
 Hankow. On the ist of July Dr. Schereschewsky arrived in the 
 United States, accompanied by his family, for the purpose of taking 
 a well-earned vacation, having been constantly at his post since 
 his appointment in 1859. I" the report of the Special Committee 
 appointed by the Board of Missions to consider the annual report of 
 the Foreign Committee, appeared the following eloquent tribute to 
 the magnitude and value of Dr. Schereschewsky's labors: 
 
 " The Old Testament has been translated by him out of the original 
 Hebrew into a language understood by a population four times as large 
 as in all the United States. The work of itself is one of the grandest 
 monuments which the human mind has ever created, and is one of the 
 noblest trophies of Missionary zeal and learning. When in the old times 
 of Greece and Rome the military hero returned from the conquest of a 
 province, an ovation was tendered him by the public magistrates, and as 
 he passed along in his triumphal chariot there preceded and followed him 
 the captives taken in war, the spoils of conquered cities, the treasures of 
 royal coffers; and so the grand procession moved on in honor of him 
 who had added a province to an empire. But the grandest conquests of 
 the world's mightiest heroes sink into littleness beside the work which' our 
 faithful Missionary has done when he made the Bible speak in the Man- 
 darin tongue and herald out its salvation over nearly half a hemisphere. 
 Dr. Schereschewsky, as he comes back to us from his hard fought field, 
 bringing his Chinese Bible as the spolia opima of his victorious faith and 
 work, presents to the Church a sublimer spectacle than any that ever 
 moved over the ' Via Sacra ' at Rome, or up the steep of the Acropolis at 
 Athens." 
 
 In July the Rev. Mr. Miller resigned the charge of the foreign 
 congregation in Shanghai and returned to the United States, ter- 
 minating his connection with the Mission. Arrangements were 
 made with the Rev. Mr. Boone to supply the vacancy until Dr. 
 Nelson's return. Dr. Bunn's report for the seven months ending 
 June 30th gave the aggregate attendance at the dispensary in 
 Wuchang as two thousand three hundred and sixty-nine cases, and 
 
 45 
 
46 
 
 he had made one hundred and fifty-one visits to outside patients. 
 This was exclusive of attendance upon members of the Mission 
 or foreigners. The necessity for hospital accommodations still 
 remained very great. 
 
 At a special meeting of the House of Bishops, held in October, 
 the Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky, D.D., was elected " Missionary 
 Bishop of Shanghai having Jurisdiction in China," but he declined 
 the position. 
 
 The death of Mrs. Boone occurred at Shanghai on the i6th 
 of November, after a brief illness. She was but twenty-eight years 
 and eight months old. From her early youth her character was 
 full of promise, and her loving, gentle disposition made her a 
 favorite with all who knew her. She was a truly humble, devoted 
 Christian. 
 
 The 25th of November was marked by an event of unusual 
 importance — the baptism of thirty-three persons at the village 
 of San Ting Kur, about ten miles from Shanghai. These converts 
 were made through the instrumentality of the Rev. Hoong Neok 
 Woo, the native Deacon in charge of Kong Wan and the village 
 above named, and the catechist, Tan-ping-lin, who resided in 
 the village. The rite was administered by the Rev. Kong Chai 
 Wong, the native Presbyter who, in the absence of the Rev. 
 Dr. Nelson, had the pastoral oversight of the Kong Wan district. 
 The Rev. Mr. Boone was present and was much impressed with 
 the necessity for renewed efforts to establish a native Ministry. 
 He said, " I am ever more and more convinced that our chief efforts 
 should be to gather and train such. They work to great advantage 
 among people whose every peculiarity of thought and prejudice 
 they understand and to a great degree share." On the first 
 Sunday in Advent the Rev. Mr. Wong baptized seven more 
 persons at the chapel in Kong Wan. 
 
 The connection of the Rev. Francis H. Strieker with the 
 Mission ceased on the 31st of December, 1875. 
 
 Miss Henrietta F. Harris, of Cambridge, Mass., and Miss Mary 
 C. Nelson, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Nelson, were appointed to 
 the Mission toward the close of the year, and on the 1st of 
 February, 1876, together with Dr. Nelson, embarked from San 
 Francisco, arriving at Shanghai March i6th. Mrs. Nelson was 
 detained until the 1st of May, owing to the illness of one of her 
 children, and reached Shanghai on the 15th of June. Dr. Nelson 
 resumed the charge of the foreign congregation at Shanghai, 
 
47 
 
 and Mr. Boone returned to his former post in Wuchang. On Sun- 
 day, March 26th, Mr. Hoyt baptized six men, two of whom were 
 teachers. 
 
 In July the first railroad ever constructed in China was opened 
 between Shanghai and Kong Wan. It was built by foreign enter- 
 prise and proved an immediate success, greatly interesting the 
 Chinese and affording much convenience to the Missionaries. 
 
 In August Dr. Nelson reported the reception of eight candi- 
 dates for Holy Orders. Their names were Ching-Chang Wu, 
 Ssz Chia Wha, Ts Ming Chang, Chi Jen Chang, Yuin Yu Sih, 
 Sz Sing Chu, Ah-See, Koh and Zu Soong Yen. They were ad- 
 vanced pupils of Miss Fay's school, and had been employed, some 
 as catechists, some as lay-readers, and all as teachers. Besides 
 these there were four candidates at Wuchang. 
 
 For the year ending June 30th Dr. Bunn reported his attend- 
 ance upon Chinese patients at dispensary, hospital, and their homes, 
 numbering two thousand five hundred and nine men, nine hundred 
 and seven women, and one thousand one hundred and thirty-two 
 children. Two advanced pupils of the Bishop Boone Memorial 
 School were studying medicine under the Doctor's direction. The 
 condition of the Mission generally was very encouraging. In 
 October the Rev. Mr. Hohing retired from the Mission and returned 
 to the United States. 
 
 At the meeting of the House of Bishops, in October, the 
 Rev, Dr. Schereschewsky, was elected (the second time) to 
 the Missionary Episcopate of China. In November the board- 
 ing-school for boys, so long under the charge of Miss Fay, 
 was enlarged and a Theological department added. The institu- 
 tion was called Duane Hall and Divinity School, as a memorial 
 of the late Dr. Duane, Secretary of the Foreign Committee. 
 Its inauguration took place on the 8th of the month, the twenty- 
 sixth anniversary of Miss Fay's entrance upon missionary labor 
 in China. Among those present were the Very Rev. Dean 
 Butcher, D.D., the Rev. W. Muirhead, the Rev. J. Thomas, S. 
 Wells Williams, LL.D., and J. Macgowan, M.D. The institution was 
 under the superintending care of Bishop Williams, Dr. Nelson 
 was Vice President and Professor of Systematic Theology and 
 Greek, the Rev. E. H. Thomson, Professor of Pastoral Theology, 
 and the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, Assistant Rector. An important 
 feature of the institution was the scholarship system, many of 
 the more proficient Chinese students holding scholarships founded 
 
48 
 
 by friends in the United States. There were thirty pupils in 
 the boarding department, as many more in that for day-scholars, 
 and ten candidates for Holy Orders in the Divinity department. 
 
 In the same month the " Emma Jones '' school for girls was 
 re-established by Miss Nelson. This school was founded thirty 
 years before by Bishop Boone, and for about twenty years Miss 
 ^j Emma G. Jones was its able principal. She was succeeded by 
 Miss Catherine E. Jones, who died in 1863, when, owing to the 
 reduced state of the Missionary funds consequent upon the war 
 in this country, the school had to be given up. It was reorganized 
 with fourteen scholarships, secured by Miss Nelson, supported by 
 persons in the United States. During the month of December the 
 Rev. Dr. Nelson baptized nine persons at Kong Wan and twelve at 
 San Ting Kur. 
 
 Early in 1877 the Rev. Mr. Hoyt was compelled to retire from 
 the Mission on account of the long continued illness of Mrs. Hoyt. 
 He reached the United States on the 2 1st of April, and his 
 resignation was, with great reluctance, accept^ by the Foreign 
 Committee at their meeting in June. His withdrawal left the 
 Rev. Mr. Boone the only clergyman in Wuchang, and the need 
 for help was vividly portrayed both by himself and Dr. Bunn. In 
 March the Rev. Dr. Schereschewsky made a vigorous appeal to 
 the Church for funds to establish a Missionary College in China, 
 for the purpose of educating natives as teachers and clergymen, 
 through whose efforts the evangelization of the country might 
 be advanced. 
 
 On the 14th of June the Rev. William J. Boone and Miss 
 Henrietta F. Harris were married by the Rev. E. H. Thomson 
 at the Chapel of the Nativity, Wuchang. In August the Rev. Dr. 
 Nelson reported a very encouraging state of affairs in Shanghai 
 and the out-stations at Tsih-pau, Se-king, Sing-tsong, the Pagoda, 
 and Chan-hoo-king, all of which were in regular operation, with 
 large attendance at the preaching places. At Kong Wan and its 
 out-stations, San Ting Kur, and Nan Ziang, good work was 
 being done by the Rev. Hoong Neok Woo, there being thirty-two 
 men and twenty-seven women awaiting Confirmation, and two 
 applicants for admission as candidates for Holy Orders. 
 
 On the 14th of September the Rev. Kia Sung Ting died of 
 cholera at Hong Kew. He had been a Deacon for about four and 
 a half years and had rendered valuable service. The Rev. Dr. 
 Nelson said of him: 
 
The Rev. Kia Sung Ting. 
 
49 
 
 " His death weakens greatly the working force of our Mission. Of all 
 our clergymen he was the best educated in Chinese. His intellect was 
 vigorous and active, his apprehension ready and clear, and his perception 
 true. His capacity for utterance and abundance of mental resource made 
 him a fluent and often forcible speaker. His knowledge of the language, 
 too, both written and spoken, coupled with his quick understanding, made 
 him a valuable assistant in translation. I could write much that is pleas- 
 ant to think of about his simplicity of character, his courtesy of manner, 
 and his kindness of disposition." 
 
 On the 31st of October, in Grace Church, New York, the Rev. 
 Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky, D.D., was consecrated " Missionary 
 Bishop of Shanghai having Jurisdiction in China," by the Presiding 
 Bishop, the Rt. Rev. Benjamin Bosworth Smith, D.D., LL.D., there 
 being present and assisting, Bishops Whittingham of Maryland, 
 Lee of Delaware, Potter of New York, Bedell of Ohio, Whipple 
 of Minnesota, Lay of Easton, Stevens of Pennsylvania, Vail 
 of Kansas, Kerfoot of Pittsburgh, Young of Florida; Assistant 
 Bishop Lyman of North Carolina; Missionary Bishops Spalding of 
 Colorado, Elliott of Western Texas, and Garrett of Northern Texas. 
 Bishop Stevens preached the sermon. The Rev. Drs. John Cotton 
 Smith, Henry C. Potter, George F. Seymour, Theodore A. Eaton, 
 and the Rev. Joshua Kimber took part in the Services. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 1878-1879. 
 
 On the 28th of January, 1878, the Mission met with a sad 
 bereavement in the death of Mrs. Bunn. Her illness was of but 
 a few hours' duration, and its sudden termination was most unex- 
 pected. Her high Christian character had greatly endeared her to 
 all her associates. In February the Rev. Mr. Boone, whose health 
 was seriously impaired, left China, accompanied by -his wife, for 
 this country, via Paris, arriving in New York on the 29th of 
 July. On the 12th of March, Mr. Daniel M. Bates, Jr., of Delaware, 
 received an appointment to the Mission, to take effect upon his 
 ordination to the Diaconate after graduating from the Berkeley 
 Divinity School. On the same date the Rev. Mr. Hoyt, who 
 had volunteered to return to the field, was reappointed for two 
 years, his family intending to remain in this country; a member of 
 St. Peter's Church, Germantown, assuming one-half of the entire 
 cost of this arrangement. On the 9th of April, Mr. William Seaman 
 Sayres, of Long Island, also a graduate of the Berkeley Divinity 
 School, was appointed, to take effect as soon as he should be ordained 
 to the Diaconate. It was designed that the special work of Messrs. 
 Bates and Sayres should be in connection with the proposed Mission- 
 ary College at Shanghai. Bishop Schereschewsky and his wife sailed 
 on the 20th of April for Liverpool, and after renriaining a while in 
 France, sailed from Marseilles on the 8th of September, reaching 
 Shanghai October 20th. The Rev. Mr. Hoyt sailed from San Fran- 
 cisco on the 1st of May, and reached Wuchang on the l8th of June. 
 Under physician's advice Miss Nelson left for home on the 8th 
 of May, reaching San Francisco on the 5th of June. On May 
 19th, in St. Thomas' Church, Hanover, N. H., Mr. William S. 
 Sayres was ordained to the Diaconate by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Niles, 
 Bishop of the Diocese; and on the i6th of June Mr. Daniel M. 
 Bates, Jr., was ordained to the Diaconate in St. Andrew's Church, 
 Wilmington, Del., by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Lee, Bishop of thdWDiocese. 
 On the 3d of July, at Cambridge, Mass., the Rev. Mr. Bates 
 was married to Miss Sarah L. Russell; and on the 9th of July, 
 at Hanover, N. H., the Rev. Mr. Sayres was married to Miss 
 Rosa Hopkins. 
 
 50 
 
51 
 
 On the 9th of September Mr. and Mrs. Sayres left New York, 
 followed on the 19th by Mr. and Mrs. Bates, and together they 
 sailed from San Francisco on the ist of October, reaching Shang- 
 hai November ist. 
 
 The value of the work conducted by Dr. Bunn may be inferred 
 from the fact that during the year ending with June 30th the 
 number of patients attended at dispensaries, hospitals, and at their 
 homes was six thousand five hundred and forty-two men, one 
 thousand four hundred and seventy-five women, and one thousand 
 six hundred and thirty- two children; a total of nine thousand 
 six hundred and forty-nine. The hospital accommodations were 
 still sadly inadequate, applications for admission being constantly 
 denied, and operations declined for want of room. 
 
 The Mission met with a sad affliction on the 5th of October 
 in the death of Miss Lydia M. Fay, at Che-Foo, where she had 
 been staying a few weeks in the hope of benefiting her failing 
 health. During all the long period of her services, commencing in 
 1850, she had been untiring in her devotion to the cause, bringing 
 to her labors such qualities of head and heart as made her of 
 inestimable value to the Mission. Of her eminence as a Chinese 
 scholar the most flattering testimony was borne by natives of the 
 highest literary attainments, as well as by the most accomplished 
 students of that difficult language among the Missionaries of 
 all denominations. 
 
 Before Bishop Schereschewsky's departure from this country he 
 had labored zealously to raise funds for the endowment of the 
 proposed Missionary College at Shanghai, but the straitened 
 financial condition of the country, among other causes, prevented 
 the full accomplishment of his purpose of raising the $100,000. 
 At the close of the year there had been received $12,160.65, and 
 a sufficient sum had been secured in annual subscriptions to 
 support the college for two or three years. On the faith of such 
 pledges an appropriation of $6,000 per annum was made for the 
 support of the institution. 
 
 In the latter part of December Dr. Bunn succeeded in renting a 
 building, thus partially relieving the pressure upon the previous 
 accommodations. With the cordial approval of the Foreign Com- 
 mittee, the institution was entitled " The Elizabeth Bunn Memorial 
 Hospital for Women and Children." 
 
 On the i6th of January, 1879, at the Church of Our Saviour, 
 Hong Kew, there were baptized twenty-eight persons, of whom 
 
52 
 
 three were from Duane Hall and five from the Emma Jones School, 
 besides a teacher and former matron of the latter. During the 
 month of January the Bishop confirmed seventy-six persons; 
 twenty-two in Shanghai proper, twenty-eight at Hong Kew, and 
 twenty-six at Kong Wan. At Shanghai the Rev. Mr. Hoyt baptized 
 thirteen persons, and had four candidates under instruction. 
 
 The death of Miss Emma G. Jones occurred at Baltimore on 
 the 19th of March. Miss Jones, it will be remembered, was one of 
 the party of seven who accompanied Bishop Boone on his return to 
 ■China in 1845. She was a most faithful Missionary in Shanghai 
 until 1862, and for a great part of the time the principal of the 
 girls' boarding-school at that station. The school was discontinued 
 in 1863, but reopened in 1876, as has been said, under the honored 
 name of "The Emma Jones Boarding-school." 
 
 In pursuance of his plan for the establishment of a Missionary 
 College, the Bishop gave careful attention to the selection of a 
 proper site for the proposed institution, and finally purchased a 
 fine tract of land containing thirteen acres, and known as the 
 " Jessfield estate," located about five miles from Shanghai, with 
 which it is connected by an excellent drive called the " Bubbling 
 Well " road. The property is in the form of a peninsula, on 
 two sides of which runs Suchow creek, a stream navigable for 
 small vessels. In healthfulness and convenience the locality could 
 not be surpassed. On the grounds there stood a very good house, 
 which the Bishop proposed to make his residence. The property 
 occupied by Duane Hall and Baird Hall was leased for a term 
 of years at a profitable rental, and temporary arrangements were 
 made for the accommodation of the pupils. It was intended to 
 continue a native station at Hong Kew, and Services in English 
 and Chinese were to be maintained at the Church of Our Saviour. 
 
 On the 14th of April, Easter Monday, the corner-stone of the 
 new edifice, to be called St. John's College, was laid with impres- 
 sive ceremonies. In addition to a numerous company of laity, 
 there were present the following clergymen: The Very Kpv. Dean 
 Butcher, and the Rev. H. C. Deane, B.A., Holy Trinity Cathedral; 
 the Rev. Dr. Nelson, and the Rev. Messrs. Thomson, Bates, and 
 Sayres, of our Mission; the Rev. Messrs. Farnham and Holt, of 
 the American Presbyterian Mission; the Rev. M, T. Yates, of the 
 American Baptist Mission; the Rev. T. Taylor, B.A., of the London 
 Mission; Messrs. Dalziel and Willis, of the China Inland Mission, 
 and others; in addition to whom there were present the Rev. 
 
53 
 
 Messrs. Kong Chai Wong, Yung Kiung Yen, and other native 
 clergymen, besides some thirteen or fourteen native candidates for 
 Holy Orders. 
 
 The new buildings were designed to occupy an area of one 
 hundred and thirty by two hundred and twenty feet. The prelim- 
 inaries for laying the stone having been completed, a procession was 
 formed, headed by the candidates, who were followed by the foreign 
 and native clergymen. Bishop Schereschewsky and Dean Butcher 
 walking last. In a hollow in the corner-stone were deposited the 
 following articles: Document stating the origin and design of the 
 institution, Digest of the Canons; copy of Genesis, the New Testa- 
 ment, and Morning and Evening Prayer in Mandarin; copy of 
 Morning and Evening Service, colloquial; document giving the 
 names of the Emperor of China, President of the United States, 
 Queen of Great Britain, United States Consul, British Consul, and 
 the Taotai of Shanghai, the Presiding Bishop of the Church in the 
 United States, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Protestant 
 Missionaries in China; the Church Almanac for i§79, The Spirit 
 OF Missions for November and December, 1878, Municipal Council 
 Report for 1878, and the North China Daily News for April 14th, 
 1879. 
 
 The 1st of May was the twenty-fifth anniversary of Mrs. Thom- 
 son's arrival in China, and the event was very pleasantly cele- 
 brated. At the meeting of the Foreign Committee in June, it was 
 
 " Resolved, That the congratulations of the Foreign Committee be 
 offered to Mrs. Thomson upon the close of her twenty-fifth year of Mis- 
 sionary service in China; that she be assured of the grateful appreciation 
 in which her long-continued and faithful labors are held, and that it is the 
 hope and prayer of those to whom the administration of the Missions of 
 the Church is entrusted that she maybe permitted long to continue in that 
 work for the extension of Christ's Kingdom, to which her life is devoted." 
 
 On the 13th of July the Bishop admitted the Rev. Daniel M. 
 Bates to the Priesthood. Early in this month Dr. Bunn left 
 Shanghai, on account of the serious illness of one of his children, 
 and reached New York on the 8th of September. After his return 
 to this country he submitted his Report to June 30th of that year. 
 In this document it is stated that for the year ending June 30th, 
 1879, the aggregate number of patients attended at the dispensa- 
 ries, hospitals, and at their homes, in Wuchang was : Men, 13,127 ; 
 Women, 4,483 ; Children, 2,645 ) Total, 20,255. Toward the 
 close of August the new College buildings were so nearly com- 
 pleted as to permit the removal to them of the pupils of Duane 
 
54 
 
 and Baird Halls. They were placed under the supervision of Mr. 
 Yen, for whom a house had been built. On the 4th of October 
 Mr. and Mrs. Boone, accompanied by Miss Nelson, left San Fran- 
 cisco on their return to China, reaching their destination Novem- 
 ber 6th. In December Mr. and Mrs. Sayres were, at their own 
 request, assigned by the Bi-hop to the charge of the station at 
 Wuchang. On the 17th of this month the Bishop advanced the 
 Rev. William S. Sayres to the Priesthood. On the 19th a new 
 chapel at San Ting Kur, called St. Stephen's, was formally con- 
 secrated. 
 
 The faculty of St. John's College, for 1878-80, was as follows: 
 The Rt. Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky, D.D., President, the Chinese 
 Classical Department; the Rev. William J. Boone, M.A., Chaplain, 
 Professor of English Language and Literature, and Mental and 
 Moral Philosophy; the Rev. Yung Kiung Yen, M.A., Proctor, Pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; the Rev. Daniel 
 M. Bates, Jr., Professor of History and the Evidences of Chris- 
 tianity, The full course was to be six years, embracing instruction 
 in the English fanguage and literature, geography, histor}', the 
 Evidences of Christianity, natural science, mathematics, natural 
 philosophy, chemistry, astronomy, mental and moral philosophy, 
 and international law. The institution was opened with seven 
 divinity students and forty-nine pupils, under the general charge 
 of the Rev. Mr. Yen ; the Rev, Mr. Boone having charge of the 
 theological department. The accommodations were sufficient for 
 about one hundred in all. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 1880-1882. 
 
 In February, 1880, Miss Josephine H. Roberts, of Brooklyn, N. 
 Y., was appointed a teacher in the Jane Bohlen Memorial School. 
 She sailed frona San Francisco on the 14th of May and reached 
 Wuchang June 25th. On the 21st of February the Bishop con- 
 firmed a class of forty-three natives in the Church of the Nativity 
 at Wuchang. On the ist of March Mrs. Sayres died at Wuchang 
 Her health had been failing- rapidly for a year, but yet the sudden- 
 ness of the end was altogether unexpected. She was devoted to 
 the Mission cause, and her loss was keenly felt. The two years' 
 service for which the Rev. Mr. Hoyt volunteered having expired on 
 the 26th of March, he left the Mission, via the continent of Europe 
 and reached home on the 6th of June. 
 
 At the temporary chapel of St. John's College, on the 25th of 
 May, the Bishop advanced to the Priesthood the Rev. Hoong 
 Neok Woo, who was ordained Deacon in 1874, and had rendered 
 most efficient service. At the same time he admitted to the Diac- 
 onate Messrs. Yung Tsz Yang, Sung Lu Chun, and Zu Sung 
 Yen. Mr. Yang had been a faithful catechist for some seven years, 
 and Mr. Chun had been helping Mr. Thomson in the late Deacon 
 Ting's place. Mr. Yen was a younger brother of the Rev. Professor 
 Yen, of St. John's College. 
 
 On the 8th of June the Committee announced the appointment 
 as Missionary physician of Henry W. Boone, M.D., eldest son of the 
 late Bishop Boone, and born in Batavia, Island of Java. He sailed on 
 the 31st of July, accompanied by his wife and child, reaching Shang- 
 hai August 31st. In the Bishop's report for theyear ending June 30th, 
 he made special mention of the great need for a medical depart- 
 ment in St. John's College, and Dr. Boone's arrival was most oppor- 
 tune. After the departure of Dr. Bunn the hospital work at 
 Wuchang was carried on quite effectively under the charge of his two 
 native medical students, but the necessity for abler management 
 was very evident. In October William A. Deas, M.D., a graduate 
 of the Virginia Medical College, was appointed Missionary physi- 
 cian, to be stationed at Wuchang. About this date the Foreign 
 
 55 
 
56 
 
 Committee announced that the fund for building new wards for the 
 hospital as a memorial to the late Mrs. Bunn, had been completed, 
 and that nearly three thousand dollars had been forwarded to 
 China. On account of the long-continued illness of his eldest son, 
 Dr. Bunn felt compelled to tender his resignation, which was reluc- 
 tantly accepted by the Committee, to take effect on the 1st oi 
 November. Their action was accompanied by an expression of 
 sincere regret that the Doctor was obliged to sever his connection 
 with the work of the medical department at Wuchang, which he 
 had so successfully carried on for six years. 
 
 The annual report of the Rev. Mr. Thomson contained some 
 interesting items concerning the work in Shanghai: At Christ 
 Church the Services had been regularly maintained, and the Sun- 
 day-school was making good progress. At Zion Chapel the attend- 
 ance was also encouraging, and the day-schools were flourishing. 
 The out-stations were those at the Pagoda, Poh-tsa, and the West 
 Gate, in charge of native catechists and teachers whose labors were 
 very effective. The stations in charge of the Rev. Mr. Wong were 
 Lau Zak, with two day-schools; one for boys, with thirty pupils, 
 one for girls, with fifteen; Cha Ka Pang, where there were nine 
 converts; Tsing Ka Long, with a day-school of twenty boys; 
 Ing Ziang Kong, a large village in which there was a day-school of 
 thirty boys, eleven of whom were converts; Hong Tseng, where 
 there were nine converts and a day-school of fifteen boys; and Woo 
 Ka Kong, with a day-school of eighteen boys. From Kong Wan 
 the Rev. Mr. Woo reported the baptism of twenty-six persons and 
 an increasing attendance at the boys' and girls' day-schools. The 
 Rev. Mr. Sayres had established a day-school at Wuchang, with 
 twenty-five pupils, and gave an encouraging account of the con- 
 tinued progress of the Bishop Boone Memorial School and the Jane 
 Bohlen Memorial School. During the year he had baptized three 
 adults and five children; the Rev. Mr. Nelson three children; and 
 the Rev. Mr. Wong three adults. 
 
 Owing to failing health, Mrs. Nelson, under the direction of her 
 physician, left Shanghai for the United States on the 30th of Octo- 
 ber. Soon after Dr. Boone's arrival in Shanghai a temporary dis- 
 pensary was established at St. John's, and in December a new hos- 
 pital building in Hong Kew was formally opened under the name 
 of St. Luke's. 
 
 On the 6th of January, 1881, Dr. Deas sailed from San Francisco, 
 arriving at Wuchang on the ist of March. At the meeting of the 
 
57 
 
 Committee for Foreign Missions, held February 8th, the following 
 action was reached: 
 
 " Whereas, the Foreign Committee are informed that the Rev. Dr. Nel- 
 son, after a term of service extending over about thirty years, has 
 requested from the Missionary Bishop of Shanghai a letter dimissory to 
 the Ecclesiastical Authority of the Diocese of Virginia, and at the same 
 time has placed his resignation of his connection with the Foreign Mis- 
 sionary work in the hands of the Committee, and 
 
 " Whereas, Miss Mary C. Nelson has informed the Committee that siie 
 has offered her resignation to the Missionary Bishop, and has laid a copy 
 of the same before them, and 
 
 '''Whereas, it appears that Dr. Nelson's request has been acceded to by 
 the Missionary Bishop, and Miss Nelson's resignation accepted by him, 
 and that they both declare their intention of leaving Shanghai about the 
 middle of January, therefore, 
 
 '''Resolved, that it be recommended to the Board of Managers to formally 
 approve such action taken by the Ecclesiastical Authority of the Missionary 
 Jurisdiction in China." 
 
 At the meeting of the Board of Managers, held March 8th, the 
 approval of that body was expressed. Dr. and Miss Nelson left 
 Shanghai on the 13th of January and reached home on the loth of 
 March. 
 
 In April the Rev. and Mrs. Daniel M. Bates, by the advice 
 of physicians, retired from the field in consequence of the 
 failure of Mr. Bates' health. They left Shanghai on the 6th of 
 April and reached the United States via Europe on the 14th of 
 June. Their withdrawal was made with great reluctance on their 
 own part, and called forth expressions of extreme sorrow and dis- 
 appointment from the Bishop and the other Missionaries. 
 
 The following appointments were made during this year: On 
 the 8th of March Mr. Edwin K. Buttles, of Cleveland, Ohio, was 
 appointed Professor of Natural Sciences in St. John's College, and 
 Mr. Frederick R. Graves, of Geneva, N. Y., was appointed to the 
 Wuchang Mission. Mr. Graves was ordained to the Diaconate in 
 St. Paul's Chapel, New York, on the 12th of June, by the Bishop of 
 New York. On the 14th of June Miss Anna Stevens, of Plainfield, 
 N. J., was appointed a teacher for the Shanghai station, and on the 
 I2th of July Miss Elizabeth K. Boyd, of EHzabeth, N. J., was 
 appointed a teacher for the Wuchang station. It was designed that 
 Miss Boyd should act as "House-mother" of the Jane Bohlen 
 Memorial School and be a companion to Miss Roberts who, since 
 the death of Mrs. Sayres, had been alone except for a portion of 
 the time, when she was assisted by Mrs. Schereschewsky. The 
 
58 
 
 entire party sailed from San Francisco on the 6th of September, 
 and reached Shanghai about the middle of October. 
 
 In June the Bridgman Memorial School and the Emma Jones 
 School were transferred to St. John's and located in a new building 
 called St. Mary's Hall, designed to accommodate fifty boarding 
 pupils. Both schools were placed under the care of Miss Stevens, 
 with junior and senior divisions. 
 
 The Bishop's report for the year ending June 30th mentioned 
 the slow progress made in building a new church in Wuchang, for 
 which three thousand dollars had been, some months before, con- 
 tributed by the member of St. Peter's Church, Germantown, who con- 
 tributed so liberally toward Mr. Hoyt's two years' sojourn in China. 
 Meanwhile daily and Sunday Services were continued in the little 
 chapel. The Bishop's removal from Shanghai to Wuchang was 
 made chiefly in order that he might superintend the building opera- 
 tions. During the year the Bishop had held six Confirmations at 
 the different places connected with the Shanghai station and con- 
 firmed in all fifty-six individuals. 
 
 The medical work at Wuchang made good progress under Dr. 
 Deas' care. During the first four months of his service the Doctor 
 treated one thousand five hundred and seventeen cases, the whole 
 number attended during the year having been three thousand eight 
 hundred and seventy-four. At Shanghai the medical department 
 had been organized by Dr. Boone, a dispensary had been built at 
 the entrance to the premises at St. John's, and the Doctor had 
 begun a medical class in connection with which he gave lectures 
 in chemistry and natural science. 
 
 On the 13th of August, while on Episcopal duty at Wuchang, 
 Bishop Schereschewsky was prostrated by sunstroke, inducing 
 partial paralysis and completely undermining his health, already 
 greatly impaired by over-work and anxiety. He was removed to 
 St. John's College, Shanghai, where, under the care of Drs. Boone and 
 Deas, he improved somewhat during the fall and winter following, 
 but it was deemed advisable for him to seek restoration to health 
 in a different climate, and accordingly on the 8th of March, 1882, 
 accompanied by his family, he left Shanghai for Marseilles, pro- 
 ceeding thence to Paris and finally to Geneva, where he arrived on 
 the 19th of May. Previous to his departure the Bishop appointed 
 a Standing Committee to take charge of the affairs of the Mission 
 during his absence. 
 
 On the 1 2th of October, 1881, Dr. Boone met with a severe 
 
59 
 
 affliction in the sudden death of his wife. On Christmas Day the 
 new Church of the Nativity at Wuchang was for the first time 
 publicly used, the Services being very impressive and concluding 
 with the baptism of twenty-five persons. It is a substantial brick 
 structure, with capacity for seating between three and four hundred. 
 
 In February, 1882, Mr. Herbert Sowerby, a former member of 
 the China Inland Mission, accepted an appointment from the 
 authorities in the field as lay-reader, being desirous of becoming a 
 candidate for Orders in this Church, and with his wife was appointed 
 to Wuchang. On the 25th of February the Rev. Mr. Sayres arrived 
 at Shanghai to resume work in St. John's College, according to the 
 original intention before his assignment to Wuchang. On the 13th 
 of April he was united in marriage with Miss Anna Stevens. On 
 April 14th the Rev. Mr. Thomson and family left Shanghai for the 
 United States, zi/a: England, reaching home on the 13th of Sep- 
 tember. The day of their departure completed Mrs. Thomson's 
 twenty-eighth year of missionary work. Their absence was 
 intended to be only temporary. On the 19th of April occurred the 
 death of Miss Elizabeth K. Boyd at Hankow. The Jane Bohlen 
 Memorial School for girls, which had been temporarily removed 
 to Hankow, was disbanded, as Miss Roberts could not remain alone 
 at that station. She accordingly removed to Shanghai and was 
 placed as teacher in St. Mary's Hall. 
 
 On the 13th of June Miss Martha Bruce, of Boston, Miss Esther 
 A. Spencer, of Delmar, Iowa, and Miss Sara E. Lawson, of 
 Macomb, 111., were appointed as teachers in Shanghai. Later in 
 the summer Professor Buttles tendered his resignation, which was 
 accepted by the Standing Committee, and afterward approved by 
 the Board of Managers. Soon after his withdrawal from the Mission 
 he received an appointment under the Chinese government. 
 
 The reports at the close of the Mission year mentioned a con- 
 siderable enlargement of school work in Wuchang and Hankow, 
 three new day-schools and one evening-school having been opened. 
 Two new sub-stations had been established in the cities of Kia- 
 ding and Na-Kong, and placed in charge of the Rev. Mr. Woo, 
 who was assisted by several graduates from the Divinity School, 
 The work in the five departments of St. John's College had gone 
 steadily on, the number of students having averaged about eighty. 
 There were forty pupils in St. Mary's Hall, and the Bishop Boone 
 Memorial School at Wuchang was full, notwithstanding the sending, 
 from time to time, of its advanced pupils to St, John's. 
 
60 
 
 Dr. Boone reported that at St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai, there 
 had been admitted one hundred and fifty-six patients, one hundred 
 and five foreigners had received treatment, and at the dispensary 
 fourteen thousand one hundred and fifty-seven out-patients had 
 been attended, while at the St. John's College dispensary two thou- 
 sand seven hundred and ninety-three patients had received advice 
 and medicine. The Rev. Mr. Woo supervised the medical work at 
 the out-stations, and at Kong Wan, Ta Tsang, San Ting Kur, and 
 Na-ziang, three thousand seven hundred patients had obtained 
 relief, and large numbers were vaccinated. The medical work at 
 Wuchang had been interrupted by Dr. Deas' attendance upon the 
 Bishop at Shanghai, but showed an aggregate of seven hundred 
 and ninety-one patients treated. 
 
 On the lOth of October Miss Bruce and Miss Lawson sailed for 
 China, arriving at Shanghai November i8th. By request of the 
 Ecclesiastical Authority, Bishop Williams came from Japan in the 
 latter part of October, and on the 22d confirmed seven Chinese in 
 the Church of Our Saviour, Hong Kew, and thirteen in St. Paul's 
 Church, Kong Wan. On the 28th, in the Church of Our Saviour, 
 he admitted to the Diaconate Mr. Herbert Sowerby, and advanced 
 to the Priesthood the Rev. Frederick R. Graves; and on the 29th, 
 at the same place, admitted to the Diaconate Messrs. Ching Chang 
 Wu, Ssz Chia Hwa, Yuin Yu Sih, and Yu Tang Chu, native candi- 
 didates for Holy Orders, and graduates from St. John's. In the 
 afternoon of the same day he confirmed fourteen Chinese in the 
 Chapel of St. John's. Mr. Sowerby was assigned to the charge of 
 the Bishop Boone Memorial School at Wuchang. On the 12th of 
 December the Rev. George H. Appleton, of the Diocese of Virginia, 
 was appointed. 
 

 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 1883-1884. 
 
 The Mission force was further strengthened by the appointment 
 of the Rev. Arthur H. Locke, of the Diocese of Albany, on the 9th 
 of January, 1883. On the 21st the Rev. Mr. Appleton was advanced 
 to the Priesthood by Bishop Whittle of Virginia, in St. Paul's 
 Church, Richmond. The marriage of the Rev. Frederick R. Graves 
 and Miss Josephine H. Roberts was solemnized at Shanghai on the 
 27th of January, and on the 15th of February they sailed for the 
 United States, the visit being undertaken by advice of Dr. Boone, 
 in the hope of restoring Mrs. Graves' health, which was seriously 
 impaired. They reached New York on the 19th of May. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Locke and wife sailed for the field on the loth of 
 February, reaching Shanghai March 15th. Soon after they pro- 
 ceeded to their station at Wuchang The Rev. Mr. Appleton and 
 wife sailed February 14th and arrived at Shanghai on the 5th 
 of April. The appointment of M. Helen Thompson, M.D., as a 
 Medical Missionary, was made October lOth, 1882, taking effect on 
 the 1st of April, 1883, at the termination of her engagement with 
 the Philadelphia Woman's Hospital. On the 13th of April Mrs. 
 Kate J. Sayers was appointed as a trained nurse to work with 
 Dr. Thompson in China. She sailed on the 30th of June, via 
 Liverpool, arrived at Wuchang about the 1st of December, and 
 immediately entered upon her duties in the Elizabeth Bunn Me- 
 morial Hospital. Miss Spencer left San Francisco on the 14th* 
 of June and reached Shanghai on the 6th of September. Her 
 position was that of teacher of English in the schools of St. John's. 
 
 In June there was established at Che-foo a sanitarium for the 
 benefit of the Missionaries stationed at Shanghai, and in August 
 another at Kiu-kiang for the use of those at the Wuchang station. 
 The Rev. Mr. Boone's report for the year ending June 30th gave a 
 most encouraging account of the school work. There were thirty- 
 four day-schools in operation, with five hundred and thirty-one 
 pupils, of whom three hundred and eighty-one were in schools in 
 Shanghai and its neighborhood, and one hundred and fifty at Wu- 
 chang and Hankow. There were one hundred and fifty-one 
 
 61 
 
62 
 
 boarding pupils, of whom eighty-one were in St. John's College, 
 and forty in St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai, and thirty in the Bishop 
 Boone Memorial School, Wuchang. The several departments of 
 St. John's were progressii'.g steadily, and many of the pupils 
 expressed a willingness to pay some portion of the cost of their 
 board and tuition. St. Mary's Hall showed good results under the 
 care of Mrs. Boone and Miss Wong (daughter of the Rev. Kong 
 Chai Wong), assisted by Miss Bruce and Miss Lawson. The 
 Bishop Boone School at Wuchang was ably superintended by 
 the Rev. Mr. Sowerby. 
 
 St. Luke's Hospital, Hong Kew, had been greatly enlarged 
 by the erection of new buildings of the most substantial descrip- 
 tion, and a lot had been purchased upon which there was erected 
 a building for a medical school and residence for the medical pupils, 
 the greater portion of the requisite funds being secured from the 
 sale of the Gutzlaff Hospital, which had been presented by its 
 trustees to the Mission. In return for this donation the use of six- 
 teen beds in St. Luke's was given. Valuable services were received 
 from Dr. R. A. Jamieson, chief consulting surgeon of the Chinese 
 Imperial Maritime Customs Service, an eminent physician and 
 surgeon of twenty years' experience in China. The number of 
 patients attended at St. Luke's and the out-stations during the 
 year was twenty-five thousand two hundred and seventy, besides 
 thousands of vaccinations. The Rev. Mr. Woo had been very- 
 successful in raising funds for St. Luke's. About $5,000, the 
 largest part of the fund received from native residents of Shanghai, 
 was contributed by a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Chao Ping Li. The 
 sum of $6,000 had been sent by " a few members " of the Church of 
 the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia, to " St. John's College Medical 
 School for the Education of Native Physicians and Surgeons and 
 the Training of Native Nurses." Dr. Fong, a graduate of St. John's, 
 had charge of the dispensary work at the College and also at 
 Chung Zu, a town of five thousand inhabitants, two miles distant. 
 At Wuchang the medical department had also made considerable 
 advancement under the active direction of Dr. Deas. The Eliza- 
 beth Bunn Memorial Hospital for women and children had been 
 completed, and its work of beneficence was in full progress. The 
 total number of patients attended during the year at this station 
 and its vicinity was ten thousand nine hundred and twenty-two. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Woo had labored faithfully and successfully at 
 Kia-Ding, Na-Kong, and villages in their vicinity, holding regular 
 
N 
 
 ? 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 § 
 
 
63 
 
 Services on Sundays and preaching in public places during the 
 week, conducting a day-school and carrying on a dispensary. The 
 Rev. Mr. Wong had been actively employed in the supervision 
 of the thirteen day-schools in Shanghai and its vicinity. Among 
 them were the Rosa Sayres Memorial School for girls (number of 
 pupils not reported); the Emily Williams Memorial School for girls, 
 with fourteen pupils; the Lydia Mary Fay Memorial School for 
 girls, thirteen pupils; the Keith Memorial School for boys, twenty- 
 two pupils; and the Bishop Boone Memorial School, with twenty- 
 four boys and ten girls. Mr. Wong was assisted in the weekly 
 Services by the Rev. Y. K. Yen. At Kong Wan the Rev. Z. 
 S. Yen had rendered effective service, aided by Mr. Tsu Zu Sing 
 and Mr. Kin Ding Ho. The latter had received several years' 
 training in the Wuchang hospital under Dr. Deas' instruction. 
 Mr. Yen also had charge of the stations at San Ting Kur and 
 Da-tsong. There were four day-schools for boys and one for 
 girls at Kong Wan, one day-school for boys at San Ting Kur, and 
 one at Da-tsong, the latter with twenty-four pupils. During the 
 year Mr. Yen had baptized five adults and four infants. 
 
 On the 4th of October, at the Chapel of St. John's College, 
 the Rt. Rev. Dr. Moule, of the Church of England Mission in Mid- 
 China, acting for Bishop Schereschewsky, admitted to the Diacon- 
 ate Messrs. Ching Pang Hsia, and Shian Heng Yang. Mr. Hsia 
 had been a pupil of the Bishop Boone Memorial School, was 
 admitted a candidate in 1876, entered St. John's Theological 
 School in 1879, and was graduated in June, 1880. In Wuchang he 
 had acted as catechist and lay-reader at the Church of the Nativity 
 and the Fu-kai Chapel, and had charge of day-schools. Mr. Yang, 
 the son of the Rev. Mr. Yang, of St. Paul's, Hankow, had pursued 
 a similar educational course, and after his father's ordination 
 assisted him as catechist and lay-reader. During Bishop Moule's 
 visitation he confirmed thirty-one persons in the Chapel of St. 
 John's College and the Church of Our Saviour, Hong Kew. 
 
 On the 24th of October the Rt. Rev. Dr. Schereschewsky's 
 resignation of his jurisdiction as Missionary Bishop of Shanghai 
 was accepted by the House of Bishops. He deemed it his duty to 
 resign, in consequence of his long continued illness and the need 
 for active episcopal oversight of the Mission, but still hoped to 
 return to China as a translator, and wished it distinctly understood 
 that he liad " not resigned as a Missionary." Subsequently the 
 House of Bishops elected the Rev. George Worthington, D.D., 
 
64 
 
 Rector of St. John's Church, Detroit, Mich., as Missionary Bishop 
 of Shanghai, who, after due consideration, declined the office. 
 
 On the 5th of November, the Rev. Mr. Thomson sailed for his 
 return to China via Liverpool, with special instructions from the 
 Foreign Committee to have a conference with Bishop Schereschew- 
 sky at Geneva, Switzerland, en route. He reached Shanghai on 
 the 13th of March, 1884. Mrs. Thomson and family decided to 
 remain in this country for a time, in order to complete the educa- 
 tion of the older children. On the 7th of November the Rev. Mr. 
 Graves and wife left San Francisco on their return to China, Mrs. 
 Graves' health having been entirely restored. They arrived at 
 Shanghai on the 7th of December. 
 
 The death of the Rev. Henry Lockwood took place at his resi- 
 dence, Pittsford, N. Y., on the 21st of November, in the seventy- 
 seventh year of his age. Mr. Lockwood was one of the two who 
 were first appointed Missionaries of this Church to the Chinese. 
 With his associate, the Rev. Francis R. Hanson, he arrived at 
 Canton, October 29th, 1835. He remained in the field until April 
 6th, 1839, when he returned to this country. Soon afterward he 
 became Rector of Christ Church, Pittsford, continuing in that posi- 
 tion for forty years. 
 
 On the 20th of December, at Shanghai, by the Rev. William J. 
 Boone, Henry W. Boone, M.D., was united in marriage to Miss 
 Annie E. Kirkby. 
 
 Miss Jessie A. Purple, of San Francisco, was appointed a Mis- 
 sionary teacher on the 8th of January, 1884. She sailed on the 
 29th of March and reached Shanghai on the 8th of May. 
 
 The Rev. Yung-Tsz Yang, Deacon of St. Paul's Church, Han- 
 kow, died on the 5th of February, at the age of sixty-one. He had 
 been a successful teacher for many years, and during his Ministry 
 had been a most valuable aid to the Mission cause. 
 
 On the 24th of April the House of Bishops, convened in special 
 session in Grace Church, New York, elected the Rev. William 
 Jones Boone, Chaplain of St. John's College, Shanghai, as " Mis- 
 sionary Bishop of Shanghai having Jurisdiction in China." 
 
 By direction of her physician. Miss Bruce left Shanghai on the 
 25th of April. She returned to this country via England, reach- 
 ing her home in Boston, July 26th. Mr. Sidney C. Partridge, of 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., who had some time previously been appointed to 
 the Mission, but whose departure had been delayed in order that 
 he might complete his theological studies, was ordained to the 
 
65 
 
 Diaconate on the 4th of June by the Rt. Rev. John Williams, D.D., 
 LL.D., in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Middletown, Conn,, and 
 on the i8th of September, accompanied by his wife, sailed for the 
 field via England On the 2d of June the Rev. Mr. Appleton 
 tendered both his renunciation of the Ministry, and his resignation 
 as Missionary, which latter was accepted. He was afterward 
 deposed by Bishop Williams, who was temporarily in charge of the 
 Jurisdiction. His withdrawal was occasioned by his having 
 embraced the Baptist faith. 
 
 The departure of Dr. M. Helen Thompson for the field had long 
 been delayed by illness resulting from an accident, and finally, to 
 her severe disappointment, she was compelled to relinquish her 
 cherished hope of professional labor in the Elizabeth Bunn Memo- 
 rial Hospital, for which she had been conscientiously preparing for 
 some years. Her appointment was accordingly cancelled on the 
 lOth of June, greatly to the regret of the Foreign Committee, 
 
 The erection of a church to complete the cluster of buildings 
 known as St. John's had long been desired, but funds were lacking 
 until 1881, when the late Miss Lavinia Clarkson, of Pottsdam, 
 N. Y., gave six thousand dollars for the purpose. Bishop Scheres- 
 chewsky's illness and subsequent absence delayed the building, 
 and not until the autumn of 1883 was permission given to begin 
 the work, which was finally commenced on the 1st of May, 1884. 
 The plan, generously furnished byMr. W. P. Wentworth, architect, 
 of Boston, was for a cruciform structure, with seating capacity for 
 about three hundred people. The walls were to be of gray brick 
 faced with red for the exterior, and red brick faced with gray for 
 the interior. Hard wood and stone were to be used for exposed 
 portions, Oregon pine elsewhere, and the roof was to be of iron 
 tiles. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid on Whitsun-Tuesday, June 3d. The 
 following named clergymen were present and participated in the 
 ceremonies: The Rev. Messrs. Thomson, Wong, Boone, Y. K. 
 Yen, Woo, Chun, Z. S. Yen, Sowerby, Wu, Hwa, Sih, and Chu. 
 The contents of the stone were a Bible, classic form; Prayer 
 Book, The Spirit of Missions for March, 1884; account of the 
 laying of College corner-stone, 1879; memorial sketch of the late 
 Bishop Boone, Church Review articles by the Rev. Messrs. Boone, 
 Bates, and Bunn, 1879 and 1883; list of Protestant Missionaries in 
 China, Japan and Siam, 1884; copy of the North China Daily News, 
 June 3d, 1884; two letters of Mrs. Elizabeth Clarkson, copy of 
 
66 
 
 historical address at laying of the stone, a Mexican dollar, an Indian 
 rupee, a Japanese twenty sen piece, and a Chinese cash. 
 
 Above ground, over the corner-stone, was placed a stone bear- 
 ing the following inscription in both English and Chinese: 
 
 ^0 the f lotiu 0* (pi|)B 
 
 J(nd in pious t]etnerabtiance oi ;@?liss Jiiavinia 
 
 and ;pt[s. Elizabeth ©atjhson, this 
 
 ^hut[ch of $t. j;ohn is built. 
 
 M. B. 1884. 
 
 '■■ Our prayer was," said the Rev. Mr. Boone, " for this stone, 
 laid in the name of God and in faith, ' that what we now begin, 
 may in Him be brought to a happy end,' " 
 
 The reports at the close of the Mission year presented a 
 generally encouraging state of affairs. At Shanghai the Rev. Mr. 
 Boone had continued his various labors as President of the Stand- 
 ing Committee, Treasurer of the Mission, and Professor and Chap- 
 lain at St. John's College. He had baptized one adult and ten in- 
 fants, and presented twenty persons for Confirmation. The number 
 of communicants was fifty-three. The Rev. Mr. Wong had super- 
 vised the work of sixteen day-schools, and assisted by two 
 candidates for Orders and two catechists, had held at eleven places 
 in and near Shanghai one thousand three hundred and seventeen 
 Services, the attendance varying between twenty and one 
 hundred and twenty persons. He had baptized eight adults 
 and nine infants, presented eight persons for Confirmation, and had 
 over eighty communicants under his pastoral charge. The Rev. 
 Y. K. Yen had conducted Services, assisted by the Rev. Messrs. 
 Chun and Hwa, Deacons, at two places, had charge of three day- 
 schools, and had baptized six adults and one infant. There were 
 twenty-three communicants under his charge. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Woo had been assisted in his work at Kia Ding by 
 three candidates for Holy Orders and one catechist. Six hundred 
 and forty-three Services had been held at four places, four day- 
 schools had been carried on and considerable dispensary work done. 
 There had been one baptism, and the number of communicants 
 was fourteen. At Kong Wan the Rev. Z. S. Yen had been assisted 
 by the Rev. Mr. Wu, stationed at San Ting Kur; the Rev. Mr. 
 Chu, at Da Tsong, and a catechist at Kong Wan. Seven adults and 
 four infants had been baptized, the number of communicants was 
 eighty-three, eight day-schools had been maintained, and consid- 
 erable medical work performed. 
 
07 
 
 The examinations in the different departments in St. John's 
 College and in St. Mary's Hall showed satisfactory progress. At the 
 former there were seventy-five boarding pupils; at the latter forty- 
 two. In the Theological School there were four pupils, the remain- 
 ing candidates for Holy Orders being in active service. 
 
 At Wuchang the Rev. Mr. Locke was devoting his time chiefly 
 to the study of Chinese. The Rev. Mr. Sowerby had charge of the 
 Bishop Boone Memorial School for boys, in which there were 
 thirty-two pupils. The Rev. Mr. Graves conducted the Services at 
 the Church of the Nativity and the Fu-Kai Chapel in Wuchang, 
 and St. Paul's Chapel, Hankow. Two thousand three hundred and 
 sixty-eight Services had been held, and there had been twenty-five 
 adult and eleven infant baptisms. The assistants at these stations 
 were the Rev. Messrs. Hsia and Yang and four catechists. Two 
 day-schools had been maintained at each station. At Wuchang 
 Dr. Deas had registered seven thousand four hundred and ninety- 
 four new cases attended during the year, including out-patients, and 
 at the Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital, nineteen patients had 
 received treatment. He had two medical students who were fast 
 becoming valuable assistants. There were five students in the 
 Medical School, and a former pupil of Dr. Bunn had graduated and 
 was in charge of dispensaries at St. John's and at Tsung Zu. The 
 importance of the medical department of Mission work, aside from 
 the direct benefit to the sufferers, was evident from the opportuni- 
 ties it afforded of presenting the truthsof Christianity to thousands 
 who might otherwise have never been brought within missionary 
 influence. 
 
 The medical work under Dr. Boone had gone on quietly but 
 effectively, the patients treated at St. Luke's Hospital, the dispen- 
 sary at St. John's, and the out-stations aggregating over thirty 
 thousand, and about fifteen hundred persons had been vaccinated. 
 At the training-school for nurses two men and one woman were 
 under special instruction. Dr. R. A. Jamieson continued to render 
 highly acceptable service in the hospital at Hong Kew. 
 
 The following summary shows the condition of the China Mission 
 at the close of the fiscal year, and affords ample reason for thankful- 
 ness, and should awaken fresh determination to urge onward the good 
 work. There are thirty-one stations, and the laborers comprise seven- 
 teen clergymen, two foreign Missionary physicians, thirteen foreign 
 teachers, one trained nurse, and fifty-five catechists, teachers and 
 Bible-readers. There are four boarding-schools, a Divinity and a 
 
medical school, thirty-three day-schools (twenty-five for boys and 
 eight for girls), and two distinct Sunday-schools for children of 
 American residents The number of native pupils in the day- 
 schools is six hundred and fifty, in the boarding-schools one hun- 
 dred and fifty-five, nearly all of whom are also attendants of the 
 Sunday-schools. Divine Service is held in thirty-one places, and 
 the aggregate number of public Services during the past year was 
 upward of eight thousand, reaching with Christian ministration about 
 twenty thousand persons. There are three hundred and twenty-six 
 native communicants, and ten candidates for Holy Orders. 
 
 In seeking for the influences that hinder and those that may 
 favor the cause of Christian Missions in China, we are confronted by 
 a condition of affairs to which no parallel is presented in any other 
 field of missionary effort. It will not do to regard the Chinese as 
 pagans, pure and simple, or class them with the unmitigated bar- 
 barians of Africa and other confessedly heathen lands. They claim 
 to have authentic historic records antedating the Christian era by 
 nearly three thousand years; their first monarch of established fame 
 was contemporary with Noah, the last of their three celebrated 
 dynasties of Hia, Shang and Chau terminated B.C. 249, and, in the 
 words of one of our able and devoted Missionaries to China: 
 " Their ancient history may be said to end long before the Advent 
 of our Lord." During the last of these dynasties flourished Con- 
 fucius and Mencius, whose moral code virtually constitutes the 
 " Bible of the Chinese," and is unsurpassed in purity and lofty 
 excellence by any other uninspired writings extant, many of their 
 teachings being almost identical in spirit with the corresponding 
 precepts that received the sanction of the Saviour. 
 
 As a result of the principles which they inculcated, the Chinese 
 character was never stained with two of the darkest blots that dis- 
 figure the record of other pagan nations; in the words of the Mis- 
 sionary above quoted: "It is the glory of China, and of the stand- 
 ard writings containing their code of morals, that no sanction has 
 ever been given either to human sacrifices or the deification of 
 vice." 
 
 The three prominent religious systems of China — Confucianism, 
 Buddhism, and Taouism — are but nominally divergent; in practice 
 there is but little strict adherence to the tenets of either; the elas- 
 ticity of their nature presenting no difficulty in the way of one who 
 would simultaneously observe the official rites of the first, frequent 
 
69 
 
 the temples of the second, and consult the soothsayers of the last; 
 while in neither exist any insuperable obstacles to the easy con- 
 version of their votaries to the pure and perfect faith of Christianity. 
 Moreover, there is historic proof that the light of Christian truth 
 absolutely penetrated the confines of China in the early ages of the 
 new dispensation, and evidence is not wanting that its vivifying 
 influence has never been utterly extinguished. 
 
 The great obstacles which impede the progress of Christian truth 
 are the pride of intellect pervading the educated classes in China, 
 and the deeply rooted superstitions which hold in iron grasp 
 all ranks and grades alike. The Chinese scholar points with serene 
 complacency to the antiquity of his nation's history, cites the say- 
 ings of her great moral teachers, recounts the achievements of the 
 learned in the arts and sciences, and looks down upon western civili- 
 zation as far inferior to his own; while both the haughty mandarin 
 and the humblest laborer are blind devotees of absurd but potent 
 superstitions, of which the two most prevalent and powerful are 
 Fung Shuey and Ancestral Worship. The former is believed to 
 be an invisible principle pervading all things, but more strongly 
 developed in some localities than others, and productive of good 
 fortune when discovered. It is deemed of great importance to 
 choose for burial purposes places favored with good fung shuey, 
 and the selection of such spots is a regular profession in the hands 
 of the "luck doctors," whose aid is also invoked before erecting a 
 house, building a bridge, or engaging in the most ordinary con- 
 cerns of life. It is not alone the lower classes who hold to this 
 strange belief; it is equally prevalent with the most refined and 
 educated. 
 
 The idea of ancestral worship is founded upon the belief that 
 the spirits of the departed have the same requirements as when on 
 earth, and that those wants can only be supplied by burning 
 material objects, the spiritual essence of which becomes available 
 to the deceased. If these offerings are neglected, misfortune will 
 surely befall the living; hence every effort is made to conciliate 
 the departed, and vast sums of money are expended in the obser- 
 vation of these filial duties. 
 
 Weighing in the balance the encouragements and discourage- 
 ments attending the presentation of Christian truth to the Chinese 
 mind, there is ample reason for pressing onward in the great work; 
 and the results of past efforts afford sufficient justification for their 
 vigorous maintenance. The time is auspicious; commercial inter- 
 
TO 
 
 ests and political influence have done much toward levelling the 
 barriers that have hitherto opposed the onward march of modern 
 ideas, and the soldiers of the Cross should not be dilatory in fol- 
 lowing up the opportunity thus presented. In a field embracing 
 nearly one-third of the earth's population, what boundless scope is 
 offered for the exercise of every energy that the Church can bring 
 to bear, and how glorious are the incentives held forth to individual 
 effort. The voice of ancient prophecy has foretold the final redemp- 
 tion of the millions of the Orient — "Behold, these shall come from 
 far; and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these 
 from the land of Sinim" — and the Church should esteem it a 
 peculiar and precious privilege that she is permitted to be instru- 
 mental in hastening the day when shall be realized the inspired 
 vision which proclaimed that " The kingdoms of this world are 
 become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of His Christ; and He 
 shall reign for ever and ever." 
 
1834. RECORD OF MISSIONARIES. 1887. 
 
 THE DATE FIRST GIVEN AFTER EACH NAME IS THAT OF ARRFVAIj IN THE FIELD. 
 
 Eev. Henry Lockwood, October, 1835. Returned, September, 1839. Died, No- 
 vember, 1883. 
 Rev. Francis R. Hanson, October, 1835. Returned, May, 1838. 
 Rev. William J. Boone, m.d., October, 1837; consecrated Bishop, October, 1844. 
 
 Died, July, 1864. 
 Mrs. Boone, October, 1837. Died, August, 1842. 
 Mrs. Boone (second), April, 1845. Died, January, 1864. 
 Miss Eliza J. Gillette, April, 1845. Married the Rev. Dr. Bridgman and so left 
 
 the Mission. 
 Rev. Henry "W. Woods, April, 1845. Returned, November, 1845. 
 Mrs. Woods, April, 1845. Returned, November, 1845. 
 
 Eev. Richardson Graham, April, 1845. Returned, January, 1847. (Still living.) 
 Mrs. Graham, April, 1845. Returned, January, 1847. 
 
 Rev. Edward W. Syle, October, 1845. Returned, January, 1861. (Still living.) 
 Mrs. Syle, October, 1845. Died, December, 1859. 
 
 Miss Emma G. Jones, April, 1845. Returned, , 1861. Died, March, 1879. 
 
 Miss Mary J. Morse, April, 1845. Returned, January, 1852. 
 \ Rev. Phineas D. Spalding, August, 1847. Lost at sea, August, 1849. 
 
 Miss Caroline P. Tenney (afterward Mrs. Cleveland Keith), August, 1850. Died, 
 
 July, 1863. 
 Miss Lydia M. Fay, March, 1851. Died, October, 1878. 
 Rev. Cleveland Keith, December, 1851. Died, July, 1862 
 
 Rev. Robert Nelson, December, 1851. Returned, March, 1881. Died, July, 1886. 
 Mrs. Nelson, December, 1851. Returned, October, 1880. Died, Sept., 1885. 
 Mr. John T. Points, December, 1851. Returned, June, 1856. 
 Miss Catherine E. Jones, January, 1853. Died, November, 1863. 
 
 Miss Emma J. Wray, April, 1854. Returned, , 1855. 
 
 Miss Jeanette R. Conover (now Mrs. Elliot H. Thomson), April, 1854. Still in 
 
 the Mission. 
 M. W. Pish, M.D., August. 1855. Resigned, January, 1856. 
 Mrs. Fish, August, 1855. Resigned, January, 1856. 
 Rev. John Liggins, June, 1856. Appointed to the Japan Mission, February, 1859. 
 
 (Still living.) 
 Rev. Channing Moore Williams, June, 1856. Appointed to the Japan Mission, 
 
 February, 1859. Now Missionary Bishop of Yedo. 
 Rev. Henry M. Parker, December, 1859. Died, October, 1861. 
 Mrs. Parker, December, 1859. Returned, November, 1861. (Still living.) 
 Rev. Elliot H. Thomson, December, 1859. Still in the Mission. 
 Rev. Dudley D. Smith, December, 1859. Returned, July, 1863. (Still living.) 
 Mrs. Smith, December, 1859. Died, July, 1862. 
 
 71 
 
72 
 
 Rev. Thomas S. Yocum, December, 1859. Returned, , 1860. (Still 
 
 living.) 
 Mrs. Yocum, December. 1859. Returned, , 1860. 
 
 Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky, December, 1859. Consecrated Missionary Bishop 
 of Shanghai, October, 1877; resigned Epi-copate, October, 1883; still 
 connected with the Mission, residing in Geneva, New York. 
 
 Rev. Henry Purdon, December, 1859. Returned, May, 1860. (Still living.) 
 . Mr. James T. Doyen, December, 1859. Returned, 1861. 
 
 Mrs. Jane M. Doyen, December, 1859. Returned, 1861. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hubbell, December, 1859. Returned, 1861. 
 
 Rev. Augustus C. Honing, June, 1866. Returned, Oct., 1876. Died, JuneDth, 1885. 
 
 Mrs. Hohing, June, 1866. Died, April, 1867. 
 
 Miss Susan M. Waring (now Mrs. Schereschewsky), November, 1867. Left 
 Shanghai March, 1882. (Still connected with the Mission.) 
 
 Rev. Samuel R. J. Hoyt, November, 1869. Returned, April, 1877; re-appointed, 
 March, 1878, for two years. (Still living.) 
 
 Mrs. Hoyt, November, 1869. Returned, April, 1877. (Still living.) 
 
 Rev. William J. Boone, January, 1870. Consecrated Missionary Bishop, Oct., 1884. 
 
 Mrs. Boone, January, 1870. Died, November, 1875. 
 
 Rev. Francis H. Strieker, January, 1874. Returned, December, 1875. (Still 
 living.) 
 
 Alberto. Bunn, M.D., December, 1874. Returned, July, 1879. (Still living.) 
 
 Mrs. Bunn, December, 1874. Died, January, 1878. 
 
 Miss Henrietta F. Harris (now Mrs. William J. Boone), March, 1876. Still iu 
 the Mission. 
 
 Miss Mary C. Nelson, March, 1876. Returned, March, 1881. (Still living.) 
 
 Rev. Daniel M. Bates, November, 1878. Returned, June 1881. (Still living.) 
 
 Mrs. Bates, November, 1878. Returned, 1883. (Still living.) 
 
 Rev. William S. Sayres, November, 1878. Retired, May, 188G. 
 
 Mrs. Sayres, November, 1878. Died, March, 1880. 
 
 -Miss Josephine H. Roberts (now Mrs. Frederick R. Graves), June, 1880. Still 
 in the Mission. 
 
 Henry W. Boone, m.d., August, 1880. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Mrs. Boone, August, 1880. Died, October, 1881. 
 
 William A. Deas, m.d., March, 1881. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Mr. Edwin K. Buttles, October, 1881. Left the Mission. (Still living.) 
 
 Rev. Frederick R. Graves, October, 1881. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Miss Anna Stevens (now Mrs. William S. Sayres), October,1881. Retired, May,1886. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth K. Boyd, October, 1881. Died, April, 1882. 
 
 Rev. Herbert Sowerby (appointed iu the field as a layman), February, 1883. Or- 
 dained Deacon, Oct. 38th, 1883, Priest, Nov. 1st, 1884. Still in the Mis- 
 sion. 
 
 Mrs. Sowerhy, February, 1883. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Miss Martha Bruce, November, 1882 Returned, April, 1884. (Still living.) 
 
 Miss Sara E. Lawson (now Mrs. Edgar M. Griffith), November, 1883. Still in 
 the Mission. 
 
 Rev. George H. Appleton, April, 1883. Left the Mission, June, 1884. 
 
 Mrs. Appleton, April, 1883. Left the Mission, June, 1884. 
 
73 
 
 Rev. Arthur H. Locke, March, 1883. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Mrs. Locke, March, 1883. Still m the Mission. 
 
 Miss Esther A. Spencer, September, 1883. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Mrs. Kate J. Sayers, December, 1883. Left the Mission, April, 1887. 
 
 Miss Jessie A. Purple, May, 1884. Died, March, 1887. 
 
 Rev. Sidney C. Partridge, September, 1884. Ordained Priest, September 29th, 
 
 1885. Still in the Mi=sioti. 
 Mrs. Partridge. September, 1884. Died, May, 1886. 
 
 Edgar U. Griffith, m d., February, 1885. Left the Mission, November, 1887. 
 Rev. Fiiincis L. H. Pott, November, 1886. 
 Mr. Thomas Protheroe (ippointed in the field), January, 1886. 
 
 
 NATIVE CLERGYMEN. 
 
 acc 
 
 )n, 1851, Presbyter, 1863. Died, Nov. 12th, 
 
 " 
 
 1856, deposed (at his own request), 1861. 
 
 ii 
 
 1868, Presbyter, 1870. 
 
 " 
 
 1873, " 1880. 
 
 a 
 
 1873, Died, 1877. 
 
 (( 
 
 1880, " 1884. 
 
 (( 
 
 1880. 
 
 (( 
 
 1880, Presbyter, 1884. 
 
 (( 
 
 1882. 
 
 " 
 
 1882. 
 
 i( 
 
 1882. 
 
 (( 
 
 1882. 
 
 " 
 
 1883. 
 
 " 
 
 1883. 
 
 1 1 
 
 1884. 
 
 . ( 
 
 1884. 
 
 11 
 
 1884. 
 
 it 
 
 1884. 
 
 ii 
 
 1884. 
 
 a 
 
 1885. 
 
 Rev. Kong Chai Wong, Deacon, 1851, Presbyter, 1863. Died, Nov. 12th, 1886. 
 
 Rev. Chu Kiung Tong, 
 
 Rev. Yung Kiung Yen, 
 
 Rev. HooDg Neok Woo, 
 
 Rev. Kia Sung Ting, 
 
 Rev. Yung Tsz Yang, 
 
 Rev. Sung Lu Chun, 
 
 Rev. Zu Soong Yen, 
 
 Rev. Ching Chang Wu, 
 
 Rev. Tsz Chia Hwa, 
 
 Rev. Yuin Yu Sih, 
 
 Rev. Yu Tang Chu, 
 
 Rev. Ching Pang Hsia, 
 
 Rev. Shian Heng Yang, 
 
 Rev. Chih Jen Chang, 
 
 Rev. Kih Ching Li, 
 
 Rev. Tz Ming Chang, 
 
 Rev. Chun Lin Ku, 
 
 Rev. Mai Peng Kwei, 
 
 Rev. Ten Shin Chu, 
 
 There are also thirteen candidates for Holy Orders and sixty-one catechists, 
 teachers and other workers (natives). 
 
 There have been 1,508 baptisms and 832 confirmations (natives) since 1846. 
 
 MISSION PROPERTY. 
 
 VALUATIONS OF REAL ESTATE, AS REPORTED TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS, 
 SEPTE.MBEB Ist, 1887. 
 
 Shanghai.— Christ Church, City (brick), say, . Taels, 2.500 00 
 
 Church of Our Saviour, Hong Kew (brick), and ground, 2,500 00 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel, Kong Wan, and site, . . . 1.000 00 
 
 St. Stephen's Chapel, Sang Ting Kur, and site, . . 700 00 
 
•74 
 
 Church, of the Redeemer, Sung-Ziang Kong (brick), 
 and site, 
 
 St. John's College, grounds (13 acres), six residences 
 and St. Mary's Hall, Church, Infirmary, etc., 
 
 St. John's College Medical School for the education of 
 Native Physicians and Surgeons and the training 
 of Native Nurses, and Physician's residence and 
 ground. Hong Kew, ...... 
 
 St. Luke's Hospital, Hong Kew, 
 
 Three lots in Hong Kew, and materials, 
 
 Wdchang. — Fu Kai Chapel and lot, . . ... 
 
 Chapel of the Nativity (rebuilt 1881), . 
 Two Bungalows (one the Men's Hospital), 
 Jane Bohlen School-house and residence (brick), . 
 Bishop Boone Memorial School-house (brick, rebuilt 
 
 1884) 
 
 Clergy-house (brick, rebuilt 1884), .... 
 The ground on which these last six buildings stand is 
 
 worth 
 
 New site for Men's Hospital to be erected, . 
 Elizabeth BTlnn Memorial Hospital for Women and 
 
 Children, ... . . 
 
 Hankow. — St. Paul's Chapel (brick) and lot. 
 School-house (brick) on same lot. 
 Mission Residence and site, . 
 Native house and lot, . . . . 
 
 Chefoo. — Sanitarium for Shanghai Station, 
 
 Ktj Kiang — Sanitarium for "Wuchang Station, . 
 
 Peking. — Mission House and two Chapels, 
 
 Total valuation, 
 
 From which deduct obligations entered into by Bishop 
 Schereschewsky as trustee, under authority of the Board 
 of Managers, for the St. John's College property; pay- 
 able from the income of the Hong Kew property, 
 
 600 00 
 31,000 00 
 
 5,400 
 
 00 
 
 8,000 
 
 00* 
 
 38 000 
 
 00 
 
 2,000 
 
 00 
 
 3,000 
 
 00 
 
 KOO 
 
 00 
 
 2,000 
 
 00 
 
 1.300 
 
 00 
 
 4,000 
 
 00 
 
 3,350 
 
 00 
 
 3,900 
 
 00 
 
 89,700 00 
 
 2,500 00 
 
 19,350 00 
 
 2.060 00 
 
 
 240 00 
 
 
 4,100 00 
 
 
 200 00 
 
 
 
 6.600 00 
 3,000 00 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 
 4,000 00 
 
 Taels, 123,650 00 
 
 11,355 50 
 
 To which add : 
 
 Lot of land, Kia Ding. (U. S. Gold), 
 
 Taels, 112,894 50 
 
 $700 00 
 
 * Bishop says "The Hospital is ours in trust."— [Sec. 
 

 
 --». ^ 
 
 
 1 .^.>, -V 
 
 
 
 ■^ ■.- . -': i^*,'