&tate College of Agriculture 
 ^t Cornell Wini\ittiitj> 
 
 itbata, A. 9. 
 
 itflirarp 
 
Cornell University Library 
 S 133Z.A27r 1882-86 
 
 Agricultural returns; special reports for 
 
 3 1924 000 264 956 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
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 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000264956 
 
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 OMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 THl S1CB1TJ.BY, 
 
 Ontario Bureau of Industries. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL RETURNS 
 
 ONTARIO BUREAU OF INDUSTRIES 
 
 SPECIAL REPORTS FOR THE FIVE YEARS, 
 1882-1886. 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS; 
 
 MAY, 1882. 
 
 REPORT ON THE 
 
 CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The Bureau of Industries was established by an Act of the Ontario Legislature, 
 passed during its last session. 
 
 It is one of the chief objects of the Bureau, as stated in my first circular to corres- 
 pondents, to collect facts and statistics relating to food supplies from every section of the 
 Province, and to abstract, tabulate and publish the same in the common interest of pro- 
 ducers, dealers and consumers. % 
 
 A second object, hardly less important, is the procuring of similar information from 
 other agricultural countries, and from countries in which the Province usually finds a 
 market for its surplus products. 
 
 By this means producers, dealers and consumers may be brought nearer together ; 
 sudden fluctuations in prices may be averted ; the country's annual surplus or deficit of 
 products may be ascertained; and its resources, capabilities and progress in material 
 wealth may be accurately gauged. 
 
 The information given in this Report has been gathered from all the townships in 
 the Province, except a few in the remote and sparsely-settled north. It is a digest of 
 more than fifteen hundred returns, made in reply to a circular of April 15th, asking for 
 a report on the state of crops and live stock, and kindred subjects. The questions pro- 
 posed were : '^ - . 
 
 1. What is the genesral condition of Fall Wheat 1 
 
 2. What is its condition on the various soils ? 
 
 3. To what extent, if at all, has it been injured by winter or spring frosts ? 
 
 4. To what extent, if at all, by worms or insects ? 
 
 6. Has any wheat land been ploughed up ? Or is any likely to be ? To what extent ? 
 
 6. Is Winter Rye grown ? What is its condition ? 
 
 7. What is the condition of the Clover crop, and how has it been affected by winter or spring frosts ? 
 
 8. What is the condition of Live Stock— Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Pigs ? 
 
 9. Has any disease appeared among them ; and if so, of what nature, and what have been its effects ? 
 
 10. Was there a sufficiency or a scarcity of fodder supply throughout the winter ? 
 
 11. What progress has been made with spring work ? When did ploughing and seeding begin ? 
 
 12. In what stage is vegetation, and what is the appearance of the Fruit Trees ? How has the winter 
 affected Fruit Trees ? 
 
 13. Is any considerable quantity of Wheat in farmers' hands above reserves for home consumption ? 
 
 14. Is any considerable quantity of Hay and Oats ? 
 
 15. Are any considerable numbers of Fat and Store Cattle ? 
 
 16. General Bemarks. 
 
The circular was addressed to the officers of Agricultural Societies and Granges, the 
 reeves, deputy-reeves, and clerks of townships, the inspectors of schools, and others, and 
 the answers were returnable on the 25th of April. 
 
 Owing, however, to some delay in completing arrangements for the free use of mail 
 service by the Bureau — which the Dominion Government readily granted^he circular 
 was not sent out as early as was intended, and in some instances less time was given for 
 enquiry than the coi-respondents would desire. 
 
 But in spite of this drawback the promptness of the returns has been very gratify- 
 ing. The correspondents manifest an earnest interest in the objects of the Bureau, and 
 the general tenor of their replies is terse, practical and intelligent. 
 
 The main wheat-growing region of Ontario lies westward of the Laurentian system, 
 the easterly limit being an irregular line drawn from the Thousand Islands, in the St. 
 Lawrence, through the counties of Frontenac, Addington, Hastings, Peterborough, Vic- 
 toria, and Simcoe, to Georgian Bay. 
 
 The returns "of acreage received from township clerks are incomplete, but they 
 indicate that a large breadth of fall wheat has been sown. In the western peninsula it 
 embraces nearly one-fifth of all the cleared land, but in the counties north of Lake 
 Ontario it is not more than o»e-tenth ; in these counties spring wheat is chiefly grown. 
 
 The condition of the crop is much less favourable than it was a month ago. The 
 night frosts and the east winds have done it serious injury, especially on low and 
 undrained lands; but should warm weather set in, accompanied by genial showers of 
 rain, a fair harvest may yet be reaped. 
 
 The clover has been irretrievably damaged by winter exposure and spring frosts. 
 The same discouraging reports come from all quarters, and under the most favourable 
 circumstances it will not be more than half a crop. 
 
 Live stock are generally in good condition. With plenty of fodder, and an open 
 winter, they have fared well. In the eastern counties of the Province, and in the lum 
 bering districts of the north, " pink-eye " prevailed very generally, and in some sections 
 many horses died of it ; a common efTect on brood mares was to cause them to lose their 
 foals. 
 
 The supply of wheat in farmers' hands is reported low ; the good prices paid last 
 fall brought nearly the whole surplus of the country into market. The same thing may 
 be said of fat and store cattle, and, even under more favourable conditions than now seem 
 possible, prices are not likely to decline. 
 
 The ground was workable at an early stage of the season, and farmers have the 
 great bulk of their ploughing and seeding finished. But vegetation is very slow ; there is 
 little growth perceptible, and in Toronto to-day the trees are as naked as in mid-winter. 
 
 In the detailed report given below the counties have been arranged in topographical 
 groups, the object being to embrace in each group counties possessing the same climatical 
 conditions. 
 
 A. BLUE. 
 
 Bureau of Industries, 
 
 Toronto, May 6th, 1882. 
 
DIGEST OF THE EETTJRNS. 
 
 LAKE HURON GROUP. 
 
 This group includes those counties bordering on the shore of Lake Huron, viz., 
 Lambton, Huron and Bruce. The general outlook in the district is very promising. 
 
 Fall lyheat, of which a large acreage is sown, looks well in all parts, but particularly 
 in Lambton and Huron, and is in strong, healthy condition. Little damage has on the 
 whole Jjeen done by "winter-killing," but in some localities injury has resulted from 
 spring frosts, which have " heaved" the plants and exposed their roots to the air. The 
 harm done in this way has been confined largely to low, undrained and heavy clay lands, 
 and danger in this respect was not entirely over at the date of the returns. In Lambton 
 the best results are shown on the heavier soils ; while in Huron and Bruce, on the other 
 hand, the indications on lighter and more sandy lands are the most promising. It is 
 almost too soon to speak with confidence as to the absence of worms or insects, but in 
 only a few localities have the attacks of pests of this kind been noticed. The wire-worm 
 is apparently the only enemy that has yet become at all active ; its depredations, so 
 far as reported, have been trifling, and are confined to a small area. Very little wheat 
 land has been ploughed up, and it is not expected that much will be. Fields which are 
 so unpromising as to require treatment in this way have, generally speaking, either been 
 sown too late, or are insufficiently drained. 
 
 Winter rye is not grown to any extent, and except for early pasture is practically 
 unknown. What has been sown looks well. 
 
 The prospects of the clover crop are far from bright. From all localities the same 
 report is received, viz., that it has suffered very largely from "heaving" by the frost. 
 Old fields especially have been injured. In some parts the damage has been partially 
 repaired by rolling, but, on the whole, not more than half a crop may be expected. 
 
 The mildness of the past winter has been very favourable to live stock, and all classes 
 are in good, vigorous condition. 
 
 The supply of fodder for the winter proved to be not much gteater than was required, 
 though little actual scarcity is reported. No epidemic diseases have made their appear- 
 ance in these counties beyond a few cases of epizootic in horses. Isolated instances of 
 fluke in sheep and " black-leg " in cattle have also appeared, but in general all kinds of 
 stock are in a normal condition of health. 
 
 Spring work was well under way at the date of the returns. Ploughing began with 
 the month of April, but was subject to interruption from frost, while seeding had been in 
 progress from about the 15th. 
 
 Vegetation is on the whole still backward, and as yet, owing to the continued frosts, 
 there has been little or no growth. Fruit trees in general appear to have suffered little 
 injury, and in some localities good promise of blossom is noted. Peaches (grown chiefly 
 in Lambton) have, however, been more or less hurt by the frost. 
 
 No considerable quantity of wheat remains unsold in farmers' hands, the late high 
 prices having induced them to market the bulk of their grain. Sufficient hay and oats 
 have been retained to feed stock until pasture can be obtained, but there is little on 
 hand for sale. 
 
 There is a great dearth of fat cattle, all animals fit for sale having been cleared out. 
 Store cattle, the majority of which are two years old and under, are on hand in usual 
 numbers. 
 
 County op Lambton. 
 
 The general condition of fall wheat in this county is good ; a few localities report 
 " very good," and in two only is it said to be " not good." On drained lands and on clay 
 and gravelly soil the growth is stronger and more promising than on undrained lands, 
 hght sandy soil, or loam. Some parts of the county have escaped injury from spring and 
 winter frosts, while in others considerable damage has resulted from this cause, chiefly on 
 
■wet or undrained lands. Little injury has been done by insect pests ; in Euphemia and 
 Plympton, however, the attacks of the wire-worm and white grub have been appreciable. 
 A trifling percentage of fall wheat land has been ploughed up. 
 
 Winter rye is an almost unknown crop in iiambton. A little is grown for spring 
 feed, and promises well. 
 
 Clover has been very much affected by winter and spring frosts. New meadows 
 have stood the winter better than old ones, but on the whole the prospects of this crop 
 are decidedly below the average. Eolling has been practised in some parts with 
 apparently good effect. 
 
 Live stock is in fair condition, the mild winter having been favourable in this 
 respect. The supply of fodder was good throughout the winter, and an almost entire 
 absence of disease is reported. 
 
 Spring work at the date of the returns (25th April) was well advanced. Ploughing 
 in general was begun about the 1st of April, while the commencement of seeding varied 
 irom the 10th to the 24th. 
 
 Vegetation is reported backward, cold winds and frost having largely retarded 
 :growth. Fruit trees appear to be in good condition, with the exception of peaches, 
 which have been somewhat injured by the frost. 
 
 No considerable quantity of wheat remains in the hands of farmers, " the high prices 
 laving induced them to sell." A sufficient quantity of hay and oats has been retained to 
 .supply the wants of farmers until the new crops come in. 
 
 Fat cattle are scarce, but the supply of store animals is large, though perhaps not so 
 great as in former years. The late spring will somewhat retard progress with grass-fed 
 ■cattle. 
 
 The following observations are made under the head of General Kemarks : " Coarse 
 grain is very scarce and very dear." " Prices for wheat, hay, oats and cattle have been 
 good ; therefore they have been sent forward to market." " Horses sell well to American 
 buyers." "The prospects for a good harvest are cheering." 
 
 County of Huron. 
 
 Fall wheat is in a ■wery good and promising condition throughout the entire county, 
 Its appearance being considerably above the average at this time of the year. The crop 
 is good on all kinds of soil, but particularly on light sandy loams and well-drained clays ; 
 low-lying lands, if undrained, have suffered considerably. On cold, low lands, or on heavy 
 olays not thoroughly under-drained, damage has been wrought by winter frosts, and 
 ■especially by those of March and April. No harm has yet been done by worms or 
 insects. Only a very slight acreage will require to be ploughed up, and this only upon 
 improperly drained lands. 
 
 No winter rye is grown in Huron. 
 
 Very serious damage has been done to clover by winter and spring frosts. It has 
 been "heaved" out extensively, particularly on flat and undrained lands. A good deal has 
 been ploughed up, and the indications are that scarcely half a crop will be obtained. 
 
 AH kinds of stock have wintered well, horses particularly so. A few cases of 
 epizootic are reported among horses, but no other diseases have made their appearance. 
 
 The supply of fodder throughout the winter was not more than sufficient, but there 
 was little actual scarcity. On account of the mildness of the winter the usual amount of 
 feed was not required. 
 
 Good progress had been made with the spring work at the date of the returns, and 
 the expectation was that it would be pretty generally completed about the 1st of May. 
 Ploughing was begun about the 1st of April, and seeding about the 10th or 15th. 
 
 Vegetation is backward and the spring late. Fruit trees in general are in good 
 condition ; a few peaches and young apples have been killed. 
 
 No considerable quantity of wheat remains in the hands of farmers ; enough only for 
 home consumption. The same thing may be said of hay. Oats are rather more plentiful. 
 
 Fat cattle are nearly all sold out, but there are a considerable number of store cattle 
 mostly two years and under. 
 
General Remarks : " We are expecting heavy crops." " About an average quantity 
 ■of wheat sown ; more of oats and barley." " The pre-eminent requisite for fall wheat is 
 dry land." " Pigs are scarce, as we cannot grow peas to advantage, owing to the bug." 
 " Fall wheat in drills stands the frost much better than when sown broadcast." " Farmers 
 contented and prosperous." "The high prices of corn and barlfey have hindered the 
 fattening of cattle." " Since the advent of cheese factories butter has increased in price." 
 
 County op Bruce. 
 
 Fall wheat is generally good. On dry, light, and gravelly soils the plants are strong 
 .and healthy, while on wet clay or black muck the frosts have done considerable damage. 
 Wire-worms have appeared in one or two localities, but the injury from insect pests has 
 so far been practically nil. A few fields of fall wheat will have to be ploughed up, owing 
 ■to too late sowing. 
 
 Very little rye is grown in Bruce. What has been sown looks well. 
 
 Clover in general, and particularly that of more than one year's standing, and also 
 that on low, wet lands, has been badly "heaved" up by the frost. In some localities the 
 ■damage done in this way has been inconsiderable ; but these are the exceptions, and the 
 clover crop may, on the whole, be looked upon as a failure. 
 
 Live stock have wintered well, and, in the main, are now in a healthy, thrifty 
 condition. A few cases of fluke in sheep have been reported, and one or two of " black- 
 leg " in cattle. 
 
 Owing to the lightness of the hay crop of 1881, the supply of fodder was not more 
 than enough to last throughout the winter, but with good husbandry it has proved 
 sufficient. 
 
 Satisfactory progress had been made with spring work at the date of the returns ; 
 'Considerable ploughing had been done, and seeding was well under way. 
 
 The spring frosts have very much retarded vegetation, and there is as yet little or no 
 .growth. Fruit trees do not seem to have suffered at all, and there is generally a plentiful 
 appearance of blossom. 
 
 There is no surplus wheat or hay in the hands of farmers, but a small quantity of 
 ■oats remains over and above the necessities for home purposes. 
 
 Fat cattle have been nearly all sold out, but about the usual number for feeding 
 purposes are in stock. 
 
 General Bemarks : "A good prospect for the coming season." " Help scarce and 
 higL" " A great many horses sold during the winter ; they have risen fifty per cent." 
 ■"Sawmills well stocked, and fair prospects of good crops." "Farmers beginning to go 
 more largely into stock than formerly." " We will have a large crop of lambs." 
 
 The returns received are mostly from the middle and southern portions of the county. 
 The townships in the Indian peninsula are of recent settlement, but the tenor of the 
 replies received is much the same as that of those from the more southerly districts. 
 
 LAKE EBIE GROUP. 
 
 This group comprises the six counties lying along the shore of Lake Erie. It is the 
 most southerly district of the Province, and vegetation is from one to three weeks earlier 
 than in any other district. 
 
 Fall wheat came well through the winter in Essex, Kent, Elgin and Norfolk, but in 
 Haldimand and Welland it appears to have been injured to some extent by cold rains 
 «nd hard frosts. The most serious damage, however, has been done by alternate freezing 
 ■and thawing in April, and by the prevalence of easterly winds. On sandy, gravel and 
 well-drained clay lands the crop has not sustained much injury ; but on the loamy and 
 undrained clay lands the effect has been serious, especially in Elgin, Haldimand and 
 Welland. 
 
 Clover will be less than half a crop in those counties. The drought of last season 
 
•was unfavourable to a good " catoh," and the old-seeded fields have been badly rooted out 
 by winter and spring frosts. Many fields have been ploughed up. 
 
 Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs wintered well. They are healthy and in good condi- 
 tion, farmers having had an abundant supply of fodder. 
 
 Farmers made an early start at spring work — ranging from the middle of March in 
 the most westerly county, to the 10th of April in the most easterly — and in some sections- 
 ploughing was continued throughout every month of winter. But a bleak April has 
 checked vegetation, and up to the date of returns grains and grasses had made scarcely 
 any start. , 
 
 Fruit trees of the hardier kinds have come safely through the winter, but some 
 damage was done by an ice-storm in the eastern counties. The peach tree, as usual, was 
 the chief sufferer. Kent and Essex appear to have escaped this storm, and there is 
 promise of an abundant crop of all kinds of fruit there. 
 
 The good prices for farm produce and fat and store cattle last year induced farmers 
 to sell almost all that could be spared ; the consequence is, that the demand now exceeds 
 the supply. 
 
 There has been a large emigration from Lake Erie counties to Manitoba and the 
 Western States, and great difficulty is experienced in securing farm labourers. 
 
 County of Essex. 
 
 Reports on the wheat crop are on the whole very favourable. On well-drained clay 
 soils it never looked better ; on gravel it promises a fair average yield ; but on sandy and 
 loamy or " mucky " soils and newly -cleared lands it has been injured to some extent by 
 spring frosts, more especially on low-lying and undrained lands. The most unfavourable 
 accounts come from West Tilbury, where the land is low and loamy. There was little 
 growth during the last three weeks of April. 
 
 The old-seeded fields of clover have been badly rooted out by spring frosts ; the 
 crop of last year's seeding has also suffered, but less severely. Many fields will be 
 ploughed up. The only favourable reports received come from Colchester North and 
 Anderdon. 
 
 The supply of all kinds of fodder, excepting corn, was abundant throughout the 
 winter, and horses, cattle, sheep and pigs are in good condition. In Sandwich West 
 many hogs have died of a disease known among farmers as " black teeth," and in Maid- 
 stone there have been a few cases of " pink-eye " among horses. 
 ' Spring work began in some localities as early as the middle of March, and seeding 
 
 was finished by the 25th of April. Peach and other fruit trees seemed like breaking into- 
 blossom by the middle of April, but all vegetation has been checked by frosty weather and 
 north-east winds. 
 
 The supply of wheat and oats in farmers' hands is not more than sufficient for home- 
 consumption. Hay is plentiful and cheap. The number of store cattle is under an 
 average. 
 
 Geneeai. Remarks : " With a soil little inferior to the famous Mississippi bottoms, 
 and capable of yielding extraordinary results, this portion of Essex (north-west district) 
 suffers from poor farming. Some little improvement is, however, noticeable the last year 
 or two." " We are, as a rule, rather careless about draining and fertilizing our land." 
 
 County of Kent. 
 
 The wheat crop looked well at the opening of spring, but the frosts and continued 
 cold weather of April have injured it to the extent of about fifteen per cent. The worst 
 effects are to be seen on loamy or " mucky " soils, and on undrained clay. On gravel] v 
 and sandy soils the frosts have not done much damage "except to the Blade of the plant'; 
 the roots are firm, and with favourable weather the crop may recover what it has lost. 
 The early sown wheat is in the best condition, and very little injury has been done by 
 worms or insects. No winter rye is grown in the county. 
 
 Clover has been much injured through exposure during the winter, and by the action 
 
of spring frosts, especially on heavy soils. It is better on the light soils, but altogether 
 there will be less than half a crop. Many fields will be ploughed up. 
 
 Live stock are in good condition, wherever ordinary care has been taken of them and 
 proper shelter provided. Fodder has been plentiful, and large quantities of hay are still 
 in faruiers' hands. In Dover East a few horses have been attacked with " pink-eye " of a 
 mild type. A large number of horses have been sent to the North- West. 
 
 Farmers began ploughing in the latter part of March, and seeding was finished by 
 the 25th of , April. In one township (Harwich) some ground was ploughed in February 
 and seeded in March. "Vegetation is backward, and the grass has made but little growth. 
 Fruit trees never looked better in the county, and if no injury is done by frost there will 
 be a very large crop of apples, peaches, plums and cherries. 
 
 The great bulk of surplus wheat is out of first hands, farmers having sold at good 
 prices last fall. Oats also are scarce. 
 
 Butchers find a difficulty in getting supplies of fat cattle ; very few were fattened 
 during the winter, owing to the high price of coarse grains. Store cattle are very scarce in 
 most localities. 
 
 County of Elgin. 
 
 Reports on winter wheat in this county are variable, but only one correspondent says 
 it is " good " all over. It came through the winter in excellent order, but the April 
 frosts have done considerable injury on low and undrained clay lands, and to some extent 
 also on high rolling lands •and on sandy and loamy soils. The late-sown wheat has been 
 injured most. Wherever it was sown early, and the soil was in good condition, there is 
 promise of a good crop. Some fields have been ploughed up and sown with spring grain. 
 
 An Aldborough farmer reports that he has 20 acres of rye, and it looks well. 
 
 The open winter and the spring frosts have almost wholly destroyed the clover. The . 
 newly-seeded fields have fared but little better than the old, the drought of last summer hav- 
 ing prevented a good catch. " Only where land is underdrained," one correspondent writes, 
 " are the roots to be found in the ground." 
 
 No disease has appeared among live stock, excepting a mild form of distemper. All 
 classes have wintered well, and are in good condition. Hay was abundant, and is selling 
 at $8 to $10 per ton ; there has, however, been a scarcity of coarse grains, and root crops 
 are not generally cultivated. Milch cows and horses are in active demand — the former 
 selling at $40 to $50, and the latter at $120 to $175 each. 
 
 Spring work was begun early in April, and, excepting on low lands, most of the grain 
 was sown by the 25th. Apple trees were promising well at that date, but vegetation is 
 backward everywhere. The blossom buds of the peach trees have been killed in the east- 
 ern townships of the county. An ice-storm in March did much injury to some orchards. 
 
 Nearly all the surplus wheat was marketed early in the season ; one correspondent 
 fears that farmers have sold short, and that wheat must be " imported to meet the require- 
 ments of the county." Oats is in request. 
 
 A good many fat cattle and a large number of store cattle are in the hands of farmers ; 
 some will be ready for the English market in July. 
 
 Farm labourers are scarce, owing to the large number of young men who have recently, 
 left the country for Manitoba and the Western States. 
 
 Gknebal Remarks : " With good crops and good prices, underdraining is the order 
 of the day." " A greater area of fall wheat than in any former year." " Oats and peas 
 sown three weeks ago are (May 1) only nicely up." 
 
 County of Norfolk. 
 
 Reports from all the townships agree in saying that wheat is a good crop on sandy 
 and loamy soils, which compose the greater portion of this county, but that on heavy 
 soils about twenty per cent, of it has been uprooted by the spring frosts. The Hessian 
 fly and the wire-worm did some injury in the fall. In some townships a few fields will 
 be sown with spring grain. 
 
10 
 
 Winter rye is grown to some extent, partly for grazing and soiling, and partly for 
 the grain market. It promises well on the light soils. 
 
 Nearly all the clover on heavy and loamy lands has been " heaved " out by the frost, 
 and on sandy lands new meadows were destroyed by last summer's drought. Fully fifty 
 per cent, of the crop will be ploughed up. Middleton is the only township making a 
 favourable report. 
 
 Live stock have wintered well, but the number is less than in former years and 
 prices rule high. Some horses have suffered from " pink-eye " distemper, but no fatal 
 cases are reported. In Walsingham the disease known as " black teeth " has destroyed a 
 number of hogs ; very few recover from it. 
 
 Nearly all the spring grains and grass seeds have been sown on the light soils, but 
 on clay lands not much progress had been made up to the date of the returns. In some 
 localities ploughing operations were carried on throughout every month of the winter. 
 Many fruit trees were broken down by a severe ice-storm, and the peach buds were 
 killed. Apple, pear and cherry trees promise good crops. Strawberries and other small 
 fruit are largely grown now. Hop-roots have wintered badly. 
 
 No more wheat has been held than is required for home consumption. Hay is 
 plentiful, but farmers will reserve it in anticipation of a short crop this year. Farmers 
 have no oats to spare, and there is very little of either oats or wheat in the hands of 
 grain-dealers. 
 
 There is a scarcity of fat and store cattle, and the supply hardly suffices for the 
 home demand. 
 
 County op Haldimand. 
 
 Pall wheat in Haldimand has been injured by a succession of "heaving" frosts. It 
 
 • is good on high sandy and rolling clay fields, but on the low black ground it is nearly all 
 
 destroyed by winter exposure, April frosts and drying north-east winds. Nearly all the 
 
 townships report about one-third of the crop killed. Many fields have been ploughed up 
 
 and sown with spring wheat and other grains. 
 
 Winter rye is not much grown, but the acreage is increasing. It looks well. 
 
 The clover crop will be very light. It has been greatly injured by the open winter 
 and the spring frosts, and one correspondent says : " We have had spring frosts all win- 
 ter." In low land the new seeding is good wherever it had the shelter of stubble, but in 
 many localities it was destroyed by last yesCr's drought. 
 
 Cattle and other live stock are reported healthy and in good condition. A few horses 
 have suffered from "pink-eye." Fodder has been plentiful, with a large surplus over. 
 There is good demand for horses, cattle, sheep and pigs ; farmers have few to sell, and 
 high prices are offered. , 
 
 The greater portion of the land intended for spring crops was ploughed in the fall. 
 Spring work commenced about the 1st of April, and except on low ground seeding was 
 weU finished by the end of the third week. Apple, pear, plum and cherry trees look 
 thrifty, and the crop promises to be abundant. The prospect for peaches and small fruit 
 is not so good, the buds having been injured by successive frosts. "Vegetation has been 
 ■backward on account of cold east winds and frosty nights. 
 
 Some townships report considerable quantities of wheat in farmers' hands, but gene- 
 rally speaking there is not more than enough for home use. The surplus is limited to a 
 few thousand bushels. Oats was a good crop last year, but nearly the whole of it has 
 been either fed out or marketed. 
 
 There are very few fat cattle in the county, and less than the usual number of store 
 cattle. 
 
 General Remarks : "Land rising fast in value.'' "The soil requires more labour 
 to fit it for the seed than in some former years." "Not one day's sleighing the past 
 winter." "Everything in good demand at good prices." "Crops have been good for the 
 last two or three years, and farmers generally seem more prosperous." "Too much wheat 
 grown on peas, oats and barley stubble." 
 
11 
 
 ] County op Wklland. 
 
 Thirty-five reports from this county tell a uniform story of the condition of fall 
 ■wheat. On the black loam lands it has been seriously injured by ■winter exposure and 
 spring frosts. Level clay fields have been less affected, and the high clay, sandy, and 
 gravel fields least of -all. The greatest injury has been done by alternate freezings and 
 thawings throughout the ■winter. Should favourable ■weather set in it may be better 
 than half a crop, but should the unfavourable ■weather continue it -will be less than half* 
 A number of fields have been ploughed up, and more would be but for the fact that the 
 ground has been seeded to clover and timothy. Worms and insects have been almost 
 entirely harmless. 
 
 Very little ■winter rye is gro^wn in the county, but it is in better condition than the 
 ■wheat. 
 
 Clover on sandy and gravel soils is fair, but on clay and black loam it has been 
 rooted out by the spring frosts. It will not be more than one-third of an average crop 
 over the county. In Wainfleet and Gainsborough last year's crop ■was almost ■wholly 
 destroyed by a ■worm that attacked the roots. 
 
 Live stock have wintered in good condition. Horses were attacked with "pink-eye" 
 in one or two localities, and some mares lost their foals in consequence, but the disease 
 has now disappeared. Hogs have died off to some extent, but cattle and sheep are 
 healthy ; lambs are numerous. Farmers have had no lack of fodder. 
 
 On sandy and gravel lands some ploughing was done early in April, but on low clay 
 and, loamy lands very little was done before the 12th. Nearly all the seeding was fin- 
 ished by the 24th. Vegetation is very slow, but at the date of the returns blossom buds 
 were swollen almost to opening. The apple crop promises to be abundant, but peach 
 trees and strawberry plants have suffered from the winter frosts. 
 
 There is not much wheat in farmers' hands ; the good prices paid last fall induced 
 them to sell early. Some farmers, however, have held on for speculation. Hay is plen- 
 tiful at |9 per ton for best qualities ; oats is in limited supply at 40 cents per bushel. 
 
 Both store and fat cattle have been closely bought up, and the farmers who have 
 any find ready purchasers at high prices. 
 
 General Hemares : "Mixed farming is generally practised." "The outlook for 
 1882 is not promising, owing to the state of the wheat crop." 
 
 GEORGIAN BAY GROUP. 
 
 This group comprises the counties of Grey and Simcoe. 
 
 Fall wheat is very promising in both counties, especially that which was sown early. 
 In Simcoe the crop is looking particularly well. Light soils exhibit best appearances ; 
 on heavy and undrained lands, spring frosts have done injury by " heaving '.' up the 
 plants. The Hessian fly is reported as having attacked the crop last fall, and in one or 
 two townships in Grey the wire-worm has made its appearance, but the damage 
 done by either has so far been trifling. A very small breadth of wheat land will be 
 ploughed up. 
 
 Winter rye is not generally grown in either county, but what there is promises well. 
 
 In the more northerly townships, both of Grey and Simcoe, serious damage has been 
 done to clover, especially on heavy soils, by spring frosts, which, as in the case of wheat, 
 have " heaved " up the plants. In the more inland townships, and those to the south and 
 east, the crop has, to a large extent, escaped injury, and fair returns are looked for. 
 
 Live stock of all kinds have come through the mild ■winter in good heart, and are 
 now in excellent condition. 
 
 A few cases of distemper among horses are reported from Grey, and occasional 
 instances of fluke in sheep, and " black quarter " in cattle, are met with. " Pink-eye " 
 has apparently spread over the county of Simcoe to a considerable extent, and a number 
 of horses are reported sufi-;ring from it. Generally speaking, nothing more serious than 
 
12 
 
 inconvenience results, but breeding mares attacked by the disease frequently lose their 
 foals. With these exceptions, stock in both counties is in a normal condition of health. 
 
 The winter supply of fodder in Simcoe was abundant, with the exception of turnips, 
 which were a partial failure last year. In Grey, roots and straw were plentiful, but hay, 
 having been a light crop last year, was somewhat scarce. In some parts, however, a 
 surplus of hay is reported, and prices in both counties rule from $8 to $10 a ton. 
 
 The late frosts have delayed spring work in both counties to some extent, though 
 seeding was well advanced when the reports were sent in. Ploughing had been in progress 
 from about the 10th of April. 
 
 Frosts and unkindly winds have greatly retarded vegetation, and there has as yet been 
 little growth. Fruit trees have stood the winter well, and there is prospect of an abund- 
 ance of: blossom. , 
 
 Very little wheat is held by farmers over and above the amount they will require for 
 their own use. In Simcoe there is a surplus of hay, but no oats, while in Grey the reverse 
 is the case. 
 
 Fat cattle are generally scarce. Of store cattle there is perhaps less than the usual 
 number, and few of the animals of this class are over two years old. 
 
 County of Grey. 
 
 Fall wheat in this county presents a good appearance, especially the early-sown 
 fields. It is best on light and gravelly soils ; considerable " heaving " has been done by 
 spring frosts on black muck and insufficiently drained lands. On well-drained clay it is in 
 good condition. Some fields in Sullivan and Derby have been attacked by the wire-worm, 
 and in Normanby also a trifling amount of damage from insect pests is reported. Very 
 little wheat land has been, or is likely to be, ploughed up. 
 
 A very small quantity of rye is grown in Grey. What there is, is in good condition. 
 
 The clover crop in the townships bordering on the Georgian Bay, and those immedi- 
 ately to the south, has been seriously damaged by spring frosts, especially in damp and heavy 
 soils ; while in the interior and southerly townships it has escaped with comparative im- 
 punity, and promises to be an average yield. 
 
 AH kinds of stock have come through the winter well, and are now in good condition. 
 A few horses have suffered -slightly from distemper, and one or two cases of fluke in sheep, 
 and "black quarter" in cattle, are reported. 
 
 Owing to the deficiency in the crop of 1881, the supply of hay during the winter was 
 short in some parts of the county, but roots and other fodder were plentiful. Other 
 localities, again, report an abundance of hay, selling at $9 and $10 per ton. 
 
 Spring ploughing began in the first week of April, but was delayed by continued 
 night frosts and some snow. Seeding was commenced about the middle of the month. 
 On the whole, however, the season has been backward, and the spring work has lagged 
 considerably in consequence. 
 
 At the date of the returns vegetation was untoward, there having been but few 
 growing days up to that time. Fruit trees are apparently uninjured, and give promise 
 of a good crop. 
 
 There is no surplus of wheat in the hands of farmers. Most of the hay and oats in 
 store will be required for local consumption, but of the latter a small quantity may be 
 marketed. 
 
 The number of fat cattle on hand is very small, but there is a fair supply of animals 
 for store purposes. Some localities, however, report a total absence of both classes. 
 
 General Eemarks; "Farmers' prospects good at present." "Everything looks 
 well for a good crop." "Ewes seem very prolific this spring, and lambs are large and 
 strong." " Good prices received have great influence on farmers, consequently greater 
 exertions put forth." " Cattle and sheep at present prices pay the farmer better than 
 grain." "The cutting-box was used more frequently than usual on account of the 
 scarcity of fodder." 
 
13 
 
 County of Simcoe. 
 
 In this county fall wheat is much above the average in condition and appearance, 
 and, so far as present indications go, promises the best crop for years. All varieties of soil 
 show good results, particularly where the grain has been sown early ; but on dry, loamy, 
 and sandy soils, the plants are perhaps more favourably situated than on low and undrained 
 lands, where they have suffered to a certain extent from " heaving " by frost. Growth 
 has been somewhat retarded by recent frosts, and in some cases injury has been done by 
 the action of the sun on plants which have been "heaved." In one or two localties the 
 Hessian fly is reported as having attacked the early-sown grain last fall, but otherwise 
 no appreciable damage has been done by worms or insects. No wheat land has yet been 
 ploughed up, and, with the exception of a few fields very unfavourably situated, none is 
 likely to be. 
 
 The small quantity of rye that is grown, principally for pasture, is in good condition. 
 
 The returns with regard to clover vary a good deal, but it is evident that the crop 
 has suffered considerable injury from frost, especially on undrained and heavy soils. In the 
 townships lying between the Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe, and in those to the south- 
 east of the county, the damage has not been so extensive, and a fair return is looked for. 
 
 The late winter was an easy one on cattle, and live stock of all kinds are looking well. 
 " Pink-eye " is more or less prevalent among horses throughout the county, but is not 
 generally fatal. One of its effects on breeding mares is to cause them to lose their foals. 
 Other classes of stock are exempt from disease. 
 
 Fodder was abundant throughout the winter, with the exception of turnips, which 
 were a partial failure in 1881. Hay is selling at $8 to $10 per ton. 
 
 Up to the date of the returns the frosty weather had delayed the spring work con- 
 siderably, though seeding, which began about the 15th, had then become general. Plough- 
 ing was begun during the second week in April. 
 
 Vegetation is very backward, owing to the prevalence of night frosts and north winds. 
 Fruit trees show no signs of having suffered during the winter, and in some cases the buds 
 had begun to swell. 
 
 The quantity of wheat held by farmers is not greater than in former years, and not 
 much will be left after supplying local demands. A considerable quantity of hay is in 
 store, but oats are scarce and are quoted- at high prices. 
 
 Fat and store cattle are scarce and dear. Of the latter class there are few animals 
 over two years old, though yearlings are plentiful. / 
 
 General Remarks : " Farmers are prosperous." " Snows in the month of March 
 saved the wheat." "Good sugar-making." "Thoroughbred cattle are much sought 
 after." "Prospects for good crops are very bright." " Saw-mills well stocked with logs." 
 " Horses (especially heavy) are in good demand." 
 
 WEST MIDLAND GROUP. 
 
 The counties of this group occupy the table-land of the western peninsula, and in a 
 comparative sense their climate is modified only in a slight degree by lake influences. 
 All the large rivers flowing into Lake Huron, Lake St. Olair, Lake Erie, Georgian Bay 
 (on its southern side), and the western portion of Lake Ontario have their source in 
 those midland counties. 
 
 A large breadth of fall wheat has been sown, and on the whole it presents a promis- 
 ing appearance. Considerable damage has been done by spring frosts on low and un- 
 drained lands, but on properly drained clay lands and on sandy, and gravel soils it has not 
 sustained much injury. The most favourable reports come from the county of Brant, 
 ■where there is a larger area of light warm soil than in the other counties. The white 
 grub and the Hessian fly have attacked the crop in some localities in Middlesex and 
 Brant, but no great harm has been done. 
 
 The clover crop has been badly killed and rooted out by winter exposure and spring 
 
14 
 
 frosts, especially on low. and undrained lands, and many fields are ploughed up. Old 
 clover has been almost wholly destroyed, and the new crop is a failure in consequence of 
 last summer's drought. 
 
 Very little rye is grown in the "West Midland counties, but its general condition is. 
 good. 
 
 Live stock are in good condition, fodder having been abundant and the winter mild. 
 There was, however, a scarcity of roots, and coarse grains were dear ; consequently lesa 
 than the usual number of cattle and sheep have been .fattened for the market. There is. 
 a fair supply of store cattle in the hands of farmers, but large sales were made last fall. 
 A few isolated cases of " pink-eye " appeared among horses. 
 
 Farmers have disposed of the great bulk of their surplus wheat and oats, and what is. 
 left in the granaries will not more than suffice for the wants of the district. 
 
 Fruit trees of all kinds have come safely through the winter ; they are looking- 
 thrifty and the blossom-buds are plentiful ; but with east winds drying up the sap of the 
 trees by day, and nipping frosts by night, the prospect for a large crop is not bright. 
 
 Cheese-making on the dairy system is one of the leading industries of the West 
 Midland counties. 
 
 County of Middlesex. 
 
 The prospects of fall wheat in Middlesex are fair ; perhaps, on the whole, the crop 
 does not give more than average promise. In Mosa and Ekfrid the outlook is somewhat 
 gloomier than in the majority of the other townships. Considerable " winter-killing " is. 
 reported from the southern and western parts of the county. On light sandy soils and 
 on sandy loams the crop presents a good appearance, but upon heavy, wet or undrained 
 lands no small amount of damage has been done by frosts, particularly by those of March 
 and April. Genial weather was much wanted at the date of the returns, and the crop in 
 general scarcely looked as well as at the beginning of the month. Harm was done last 
 fall, particularly to early-sown grain, by the Hessian fly and wire-worm, whose depreda- 
 tions were severest in mellow soil or sod. The white grub also attacked the grain in a 
 few localities before winter set in. Very little wheat land has been, or will be, ploughed 
 up. A large acreage was sown. 
 
 The little winter rye that is grown looks well. 
 
 Clover, especially on old meadows and heavy undrained lands, has suffered largely 
 from spring and winter frosts. Last year's seeding and that sown on lighter soils gives- 
 better promise, but a not inconsiderable acreage will have to be ploughed up. 
 
 All clas8e».of live stock are in prime condition, having passed an excellent winter. 
 No disease whatever is reported except two cases of " pink-eye," and one of a mild form 
 of distemper among horses. The number of lambs is said to be above the average. 
 
 There was an abundance of fodder throughout the county, and particularly of hay. 
 ' The openness of the winter reduced the consumption to less than an average. 
 
 Spring work was approaching completion at date of the returns. A large propor- 
 tion oiE ploughing is done in the fall. This spring the ground was ready for ploughing 
 in the last week of March, but operations were interrupted by heavy rains. Seeding 
 was very generally commenced about the 15th April. 
 
 Vegetation is sluggish, owing to the night frosts. Fruit trees, with the exception of 
 peaches, have stood the winter well, and give promise of plenty of blossom. 
 
 A quantity of wheat will remain, after home consumption is provided for ; in some 
 townships the surplus will amount to a moderate percentage on last year's crop. Hay 
 and oats are plentiful, especially the former, and moderate quantities of both will pro- 
 bably be marketed. 
 
 Very few fat cattle are left, but the number of store cattle is large. In one town- 
 ship (East Williams), 1,500 steers are said to be fattening for the English market. 
 
 General Bemares : " Our chief trade is in cattle, and our best market Britain ; 
 we buy in spring, fatten in summer, and sell in autumn (East Williams)." " Farmers 
 are beginning to underdrain." " Prospects look well for a good harvest." " Our largest 
 branch of business is butter and cheese-making (North Dorchester)." "Western corn 
 too dear to feed with profit." "Not a great grain district (North Middlesex)." 
 
15 
 
 " Farmers are prosperous, and are making improvements in the way of building dwell- 
 ings, barns and fences, and tile-draining the land." " Hired help is scarce, and machinery 
 is used wherever it can be applied." 
 
 County of Oxford. 
 
 The condition of fall wheat throughout the county is unequal. In some districts it 
 is reported as being remarkably good, while in others it is said to be below the average. 
 On the whole, perhaps, it may be looked upon as ordinarily good. On light and gravelly- 
 bottomed soils the grain has not suffered materially from frost, but on wet and heavy 
 clay lands the damage from " heaving " has been large. Worms or insects have done 
 little injury. Some clay fields may be ploughed up, but the percentage will be small. 
 
 Little rye is grown, but what there is seems to have stood the winter well, and is 
 now in fair order. 
 
 Clover on all kinds of soil has been greatly hurt by winter and spring frosts, and a 
 very light crop is looked for. A large breadth is being ploughed up. 
 
 Live stock of all kinds have stood the winter admirably. No diseases are reported 
 except a little murrain among cattle, one or two instances of distemper among horses, 
 and a solitary case of "pink-eye." 
 
 There was an abundance of fodder throughout the .winter, and hay is now selling at 
 $8 to $10 per ton. 
 
 Frosts and wet weather have hindered the progress of spring work. Ploughing began 
 the first week in April, and seeding about the 15th. The season is considered late. 
 
 The quantity of wheat remaining in the hands c^ farmers is small, and will probably 
 not more than suffice for home purposes. There is a larger surplus of hay, but oats are 
 scarce, and are selling at 45 cents per bushel. 
 
 The few fat cattle left are mainly held for May shipment. The usual number of store 
 cattle is on hand. 
 
 ■ General Reuarks : " Cheese-making is one of the leading interests of this township 
 (West Zorra)." " Prospects for crops (except clover) are favourable." " Horses and 
 cattle are bringing high prices." "The greatest supply of hogs I ever knew in our 
 county." 
 
 County of Brant. 
 
 Fall wheat in Brant is in much above the average condition, and has not looked 
 better for years. Light dry soils present a finer appearance than heavy clay or 
 undrained lands, on which damage has been done by thawing during the day and freezing 
 at night, the snowfall not having been sufficiently heavy for thorough protection. The 
 wire-worm has been seen in clay soils, and in one or two localities the Hessian fly began 
 operations last fall, but no serious injury is yet discernible. Very little wheat land will 
 require to be ploughed up. 
 
 Rye is not generally grown, but the few fields that have been sown promise well. 
 
 The clover crop has been badly injured. Last year's sowing promises to give a 
 medium yield, but old meadows and that sown on heavy land have largely succumbed to 
 the action of winter and spring frosts. 
 
 Live stock have wintered well. No diseases of any kind are reported, with the 
 exception of one or two cases of " pink-eye" among horses. 
 
 Turnips were somewhat scarce, but of all other kinds of fodder there was a generous 
 supply throughout the winter. 
 
 Fair progress had been made with spring work throughout the county at date of the 
 returns, though in some localities frosts have been a hindrance. Ploughing began early 
 in April, and seeding about the middle of the month. 
 
 Growth has been retarded by late frosts, and is comparatively unadvanced. Apple 
 and pear trees, so far as can be seen, are uninjured, but the buds on peach and English 
 cherry trees have been nipped. 
 
 The high prices paid of late for wheat have brought out all farmers had to spare. A 
 surplus of hay remains on hand, but oats are not plentiful. 
 
16 
 
 Fat cattle are scarce, and the number of store cattle is small. 
 
 General Remarks : " Good prospect for a bountiful harvest and a large fruit 
 yield." " Farmers here are giving more attention to the breeding of animals suitable for 
 the English market." 
 
 CoujfTY OF Perth. 
 
 The condition of fall wheat, of which a large acreage was sown, is not more than 
 average, and the indications are for less than a full crop. Want of snow during the 
 winter has had an injurious effect, but the chief damage has been done by spring frosts, 
 which, particularly of late, have been very prevalent. On light soils and well-drained 
 clay the crop presents a finer and more healthy appearance than on mucky or undrained 
 land. Early-sown grain gives much better promise than that sown late. No worms or 
 insects have yet made their appearance. Perhaps five per cent, of the entire acreage will 
 be ploughed up, chiefly where land is insufficiently drained, or the grain has been sown 
 too late. 
 
 A very limited area of rye is grown. It is good on dry land. 
 
 The condition of the clover crop is decidedly bad. Except on high and dry lands, it 
 has suffered extensively from " heaving " by spring and winter frosts. A large area will 
 be ploughed up. 
 
 Live stock of all kinds are in first-class condition, having stood the winter well. All 
 classes are free from disease except horses, among whom "pink-eye" has prevailed to a 
 limited extent, as well as a disorder causing paralysis of the hind quarter. Ewes have 
 been unusually prolific. 
 
 There was no lack of fodder during the winter, and hay is now selling in some 
 localities At $10 per ton. 
 
 Ploughing began about the 1st of April, and seeding about the 15th. Fair progress 
 had been made with both at date of the returns. 
 
 Night frosts and northerly winds have retarded vegetation. Fruit trees have been 
 very little injured, and the prospects for blossom are good. 
 
 There is enough wheat in farmers' hands for home consumption, but no surplus. 
 Considerable quantities of hay have been pressed and shipped, and the reserve of oats is 
 moderately large. 
 
 Not many fat cattle are left, and those remaining are mostly held for May delivery. 
 There is a fair supply of store cattle. 
 
 General Remarks : " Prospects are good." " Bees in general have wintered well." 
 " The agricultural interests of this township (Elma) are in a prosperous condition." 
 "Farmers realizing high prices for everything." " Farmers are turning their attention 
 chiefly to live stock." 
 
 County" op Waterloo. 
 
 The general condition of fall wheat in this county is above the average. On heavy 
 and undrained lands it has suffered somewhat from spring frosts, but on sandy loams and 
 the lighter soils generally little damage has been done. The land in the southern part 
 of the county is mostly of the latter class, consequently the crop in this section has escaped 
 serious injury. No appreciable harm has yet been done by worms or insect pests. 
 Scarcely any wheat land has been, or will be, ploughed up, except in the township of 
 Wellesley, where the appearance of the crop is on the whole less encouraging than in the 
 remainder of the county. In this township perhaps as much as one-fourth of the acreage 
 sown will be re-ploughed. 
 
 Rye is little grown, except for spring pasture or by way of experiment. Its general 
 condition is good. 
 
 Considerable injury has been done the clover crop, especially to that of more than 
 one year's standing, by winter and spring frosts. In the southern part of the county 
 especially, where wheat, comparatively speaking, has been unhurt by frost, the damage 
 to clover is very great. Wet and undrained lands have of course suffered most severely. 
 
 The open winter has left all kinds of stock in first-class condition. No diseases are 
 
17 
 
 reported except " pink-eye," -which prevails more or less among horses throughout the 
 county. Lambs are more than usually plentiful. 
 
 Hay and straw were abundant throughout the winter, but there was a deficiency of 
 roots, owing to short crops last year; Coarse grains were also somewhat scarce and are 
 now high in price. 
 
 Not much ploughing was done before the 10th of April, and spring work has been 
 delayed somewhat by frosts and rain. Seeding began about the 15th. 
 
 Little or no growth was apparent at date of the reports. Fruit trees seem to have 
 stood the winter well, and give promise of a good yield. One correspondent remarks that 
 mice have done little damage to trees, there not having been snow enough to harbour them. 
 
 There is no surplus wheat in the hands of farmers. Hay is abundant, but is scarce. 
 
 The larger proportion of fat cattle still on hand are sold for delivery this month. 
 Store cattle are present in perhaps the usual numbers. 
 
 General Remarks : " With the exception of hay, things look favourable.'' " Pros- 
 pects at present are very good." " Horses are high in price." " The failure of the turnip 
 crop and the scai'city of peas and corn, together with the high prices of mill feed, have 
 had a tendency to prevent as many cattle being fattened as usual." 
 
 County of Wellington. 
 
 In general, the condition of fall wheat is favourable, and the prospects fair, though 
 appearances in diflferent parts of the county vary considerably. On the whole, from the 
 present state of the crop, an average yield is looked for. On the higher and drier varie- 
 ties of soil, and where the grain has been sown early, the promise is better than on heavy 
 and undrained lands, or on clays with a retentive subsoil. Spring frosts have done con- 
 siderable damage, particularly in. the more northerly townships, where a large proportion 
 of the land is low and mucky. Farther south the injury has been comparatively slight. 
 No worms or insects have yet been seen. A small breadth of wheat land had been 
 ploughed up at date of the returns, and fears were expressed that if the prevailing frosts 
 continued more would follow. 
 
 Little rye is grown, but the prospects of this crop are fair. 
 
 Drought last summer, want of snow, and spring frosts have combined to do damage 
 to clover, and many fields, especially where the soil is heavy, have been or will be ploughed 
 up. A light crop is looked for. 
 
 All kinds of stock have stood the winter well. " Pink-eye " is reported as prevalent 
 among horses, but without fatal results, while cattle in the southern part of the county 
 have suflfered to some extent from foot-sore, brought about apparently by rapid alterna- 
 tions of cold and wet. 
 
 There was a general abundance of hay throughout the winter, but roots were some- 
 what scarce, owing to the failure of last year's crop, while straw in some localities was 
 selling at a high figure. 
 
 Not much ploughing was done before the 10th April, and seeding was begun about 
 the 20th. Spring frosts were retarding work. 
 
 Vegetation was in a backward condition at the time of sending in the returns, and 
 was being delayed by the severe frosts. Fruit trees, so far as could be seen, showed no 
 signs of having suffered during the winter. 
 
 Little wheat is held above home necessities. Hay is plentiful, but the surplus of 
 oats is small. 
 
 Not quite as many cattle as usual have been fattened during the winter, owing to 
 the dearth of roots. Those still remaining are mostly sold for May delivery. Store cattle 
 are present in fair numbers. 
 
 General Remarks : " Upon the whole, prospects for the farmer are fair to good." 
 " Warm rain very much wanted." " The indications are that a large area will be sown 
 with peas; they are free from the bug here (East Luther)." "People are more pros- 
 perous than they have been for the last three years." "A large emigration from this 
 section to Manitoba and the North-West." " Land is selling well in this locality." "A 
 great deal of stall-feeding done in this county for the British market : average weight of 
 
18 
 
 three-year-old steers, 1,400 to 1,800- pounds, at five and a half to seven cents per pound, 
 live weight." " Horses have advanced twenty per cent, since last fall." " Cheese 
 factories seem to be the whole go now, consequently fewer store cattle." "A good crop 
 of lambs." 
 
 County op Duffkrin. 
 
 Fall wheat was looking well at date of the returns. Slight harm had been done by 
 winter and spring frosts, chiefly on cold clay soils, or where exposed to northerly winds. 
 On lighter and drier land very little injury was noticeable. No worms or insects have 
 yet made their appearance. Only a very small proportion of wheat land will require to 
 be ploughed up. 
 
 Little rye is grown in Dufierin, but its condition-at present is good. 
 
 In Amaranth township clover has suffered greatly from spring frosts ; in the 
 remainder of the county it has escaped with little injury, and promises a fair return. 
 
 Live stock are all in good condition. Some cases of " pink-eye " among horses are 
 reported, but deaths from this disease are few. Pigs are scarce, but the crop of lambs 
 has been unusually large. 
 
 There was a full supply of fodder throughout the winter. 
 
 Considerable peas and spring wheat had been sown at, date of returns. Ploughing 
 began about the middle of April, and a little earlier on dry land. 
 
 Vegetation had not made much progress, being retarded by frosts. It was some- 
 what early to predict as to fruit trees, but in general they appeared little hurt. 
 
 The quantity of wheat retained by farmers is not large. Hay is abundant, but oats 
 is scarce. 
 
 Few fat cattle are left, and animals intended to be fattened are not more than 
 usually numerous. 
 
 General Remarks : " This township (Amaranth) is seeding down more than for- 
 merly, owing to wages being so high and hands so scarce. Farmers are turning their 
 attention more to stock-raising, on account of the .good prices realized for cattle and 
 horses." "Extra spring for maple sugar." "This township (Mono) was never more 
 prosperous." " There is very little fruit grown in this county." 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO GROUP. 
 
 The reports received from the counties which comprise this group have in many 
 respects a striking resemblance. This, of course, is largely if not wholly due to the fact 
 that they all were subjected to nearly the same climatic influences. Everywhere was the 
 winter an exceptionally mild one. Much less snow than the average fell during the cold 
 season. The absence of the protection which a copious snow-fall would have ensured 
 did much to weaken the wheat plants, which had already suffered from the long drought 
 in the autumn, leaving them but ill prepared to withstand the cold dry winds of March 
 and the keen frosts of April nights. With the exception of a few townships remote 
 from the lake front, wheat has been greatly injured on all low pieces of ground where 
 there was moisture owing to insufficient drainage. 
 
 A number of the correspondents of the Bureau point out the gratifying fact, that 
 the only farms which, as a whole, withstood the ravages of such a winter and spring as 
 we have had, were those which are managed on scientific principles and have been drained 
 properly. This is but one more proof of the. necessity which exists for the application 
 to practical farming of those aids which science and experience show to be essentially 
 necessary to the profitable and satisfactory tillage of the soil. As our winters become 
 more and more mild and uncertain in their temperatures, greater efforts will have to be 
 made to counteract their effects, by making liberal use of the advantages offered by the 
 culjiivation of land after systematic and approved methods. 
 
 Speaking of the group as a whole, the present prospects of a good average crop of fall 
 wheat are not encouraging, but warm weather and rains, if they come within two weeks 
 
19 
 
 may work a beneficial change. Clover, in sympathy with the wheat, and from the same 
 causes, has suffered severely in all parts of the district. Rye, where grown, promises 
 well. 
 
 As the ground is in capital condition for spring work, spring crops, under favourable 
 auspices, will do well. At all events the farmers feel sanguine. 
 
 Stock has wintered well, and has been free from disease — if a few ailments suffered 
 by horses, in some cases improperly cared for, and by sheep in some localities, may be 
 excepted. There has been an abundance of fodder for feeding purposes, which has pre- 
 vented the loss of last year's root crop being very seriously felt. Fat cattle are scarce, but 
 there are sufficient store cattle in the country to meet the present and, perhaps, future 
 demand. 
 
 As a rule, farmers are in good circumstances. They received good prices for their 
 wheat, and sold nearly all they had or could spare. Money is consequently plentiful, and 
 less borrowing from loan companies is reported. Taken all in all, as some of them say, 
 they are satisfied, and hopeful for the future. 
 
 County of Lincolbt. 
 
 From twenty-three reports from this county, it appears that the crop of fall wheat 
 ■will range from ' poor above the mountain to a good average below it. The conditions 
 vary with soil and situation. The best crops will be taken from clay and sandy lands, and 
 the poorest from black alluvial and loamy soils. The former, to some extent, protected 
 the wheat from the winter frosts and cold, dry spring weather,, while the latter did not. 
 The lack of snow has been keenly felt. Very little land sown to wheat will be ploughed 
 up. Very little or no injury has been done by insects, though a few fields of early wheat 
 have been attacked by the Hessian fly. 
 
 Winter ryfe is very little grown ; the yield will not be above the average. 
 
 Clover does not promise well ; it has been badly " heaved out " on low clay soils. 
 Young clover is in better condition than the old. 
 
 Live stock is in capital condition, and generally in good health ; a few cases of " pink- 
 eye " among horses are reported. During the winter there was an abundance of fodder. 
 
 On the whole, the spring has been favourable for seeding, and work is well advanced. 
 Vegetation is backward, but an abundance of fruit is promised. Peach trees are in bloom, 
 and apples, plums, and grapes are in a satisfactory condition. 
 
 The wheat of last year has nearly all been sold ; the prices in the autumn were good. 
 The farmers have plenty of hay and a sufficiency of oats. 
 
 Fat cattle have been sold, and few store cattle are to be had anywhere. The farmers 
 are prosperous and hopeful, trusting to warm weather and rains for an improved state of 
 those crops which have suffered. 
 
 County op Wentwobth. 
 
 The condition of the fall wheat ranges from "very good" in West Flamborough, and 
 " fair average " in Ancaster, to "fair" in Beverley; "not more than half a crop" in 
 Glanford and Saltfleet ; " not more than one-third " in Barton ; and " not more than one 
 quarter " in Binbrook. Wheat, as a rule, is good on sandy or high ground, fair on clay 
 land, and poor on low-lying and alluvial soil. Injury has been caused by alternate thaw- 
 ing and freezing in the winter, and by frost and drought in spring, but none, so far, by 
 insects. Very little fall wheat has been ploughed up, but on heavy clay land on the 
 mountain from one-twentieth to one-third of the area will be turned under. Very little 
 winter rye is grown, but the crop looks well. 
 
 The present prospects for clover are poor ; old meadows are ruined by frosts. 
 
 Stock has wintered well, and is in good condition. " Pink-eye " is the only disease 
 reported ■; there have been no fatal cases. 
 
 There was plenty of fodder of all kinds ; turnips were a failure last year ; horses are 
 reported scarce and dear. 
 
20 
 
 Vegetation, is backward, but spring work is well advanced. A large crop of fruit is- 
 expected. 
 
 The farmers have on hand plenty of hay, some oats, and very little wheat. Fat and 
 ■tore cattle are scarce. 
 
 The weather is suitable for seeding, and, on the whole, the spring is considered early. 
 
 One farmer states that "the most accurate and truthful reports made now will 
 scarcely form reliable indications of what the crop (wheat) will be. There will doubt- 
 less be a much less acreage at harvest time than at seeding time, owing to the worst 
 portions being re-sown with other grain." 
 
 County of Halton. 
 
 Wheat is reported "good to excellent" in the northern part of the county, and from 
 " not half a crop " to " very bad " in the southern half. Its condition is better on high 
 sandy and dry land than on clay or low land. On rich and weU-cultivated farms it i» 
 good, whether the soil is high or low in situation. In the Lake-shore townships frost has- 
 greatly injured the growing grain, but in the rear townships its effects have not been so 
 severe. Worms or insects have as yet done no harm. In Nelson and Trafalgar from 10 
 to 20 per cent, of the wheat sown will be ploughed up ; in Nassagaweya and Esquesing 
 the area re-sown will be less. 
 
 The breadth of winter rye sown is very small, but the crop looks well. 
 
 Clover has been very badly injured by frost ; on clay soil it has been " heaved out^" 
 but it has not suffered so much on sandy soil. 
 
 Cattle have thriven well, and are free from disease of any kind. 
 
 Hay and straw were plentiful during the winter, but turnips and coarse grains are- 
 reported as scarce. 
 
 Spring work is well advanced. Ploughing began about the 12th of April. 
 
 Vegetation is backward. Trees are in a healthy condition, and the prospects for a- 
 large yield of fruit are good. 
 
 Farmers, as a rule, have sold all the wheat they could spare. 
 
 There yet remains a fair quantity of hay, which sells at $10 to $12 a ton. The- 
 supply of oats is small, that grain being chiefly grown for home consumption. The price 
 is 50 to 55 cents per bushel. 
 
 Fat cattle are exceedingly scarce, the number being less than in 1881. Store cattle 
 are also difficult to be had. Few were wintered, as feed was too expensive. 
 
 Farm labour is scarce and wages are very high. Peas last year was a short crop, 
 owing to dry weather. Turnips failed, the cause being the ravages of the turnip or plant 
 louse. More spring wheat than in former years will be sown this season. 
 
 CotTNTT OF Peel. 
 
 In Albion and Caledon the fall wheat is in a good condition, and a crop above the 
 average is anticipated, but in Chinguacousy and the townships of Peel and Toronto th& 
 prospect is very poor. On the lighter and drier soils the crop looks well, but it has been 
 badly winter-killed on black loam, clay and undrained lands, where from one to two-thirds- 
 of the plants have been destroyed. Very slight injury has been caused by the Hessian fly, 
 but no trace of either the weevil or the midge has been perceived. In Albion and 
 Caledon the area of wheat ploughed up will not exceed one per cent., while in the other 
 townships from thirty-three to sixty-six per cent, will be re-sown either with spring wheat 
 or other grains. 
 
 Clover in the southern townships has been nearly killed off by frost, and the yield 
 ■will be below' the average in the best localities. 
 
 Live stock is in good condition, and, with the exception of a few cases of "pink-eye," 
 epizootic and " milk disease," very healthy. 
 
 As a rule fodder has been plentiful ; during the winter hay never exceeded $15 a- 
 ion in price. 
 
 In the southern part of the county spring work is nearly one week in advance of 
 
what it was in 1881 or 1880. It is more backward, however, in the northern townships. 
 Seeding commenced about the 15th and 20th of April, according to the locality. Fruii 
 trees have withstood the winter well, but vegetation is backward. 
 
 The wheat retained in farmers' hands is only sufficient for home consumption. Hay 
 is plentiful, but the supply of oats is limited to owners' wants. 
 
 As a rule, fat cattle and sheep have been sold. Store cattle can be had, and young 
 ateers and heifers are being brought forward for the summer and fall trade. The fat 
 -cattle throughout the county have been nearly all secured by drovers for shipment to 
 Europe. 
 
 Barley is being sown where fall wheat has been ploughed up. Hope is entertained 
 that warm rains will yet undo some of the injury caused by the frosts of the last week in 
 April, which kept back seeding, the ground being frozen night after night. 
 
 County of Yokk. 
 
 With the exceptions of the townships of Vaughan and Etobicoke, the reports as to 
 the condition of fall wheat are highly encouraging. In some of the townships the farmers 
 Are jubilant, and expect a crop considerably above the best average. In the two town- 
 ships named, however, the wheat is badly winter-killed and the prospects very poor. The 
 soils upon which wheat has most suffered are black loam and " springy " in character. 
 On well-cultivated land, and on the pine and limestone ridges, the crop is very good. 
 Injury has been caused by spring frosts, high winds and dry weather ; the presence of the 
 Hessian fly has been noticed in one or two places. The area that will be ploughed up 
 will be very small, save in Etobicoke and Vaughan, where it will range from one-quarter, 
 at the best, to all that has been sown in some individual cases. 
 
 What little winter rye has been sown looks well. 
 
 The condition of clover is very varied. It seems to have suffered more or less from 
 frosts in all parts of the county ; the only exceptions are reported from well-drained and 
 dry lands. In some places the old meadows have been killed out, and in others even the 
 new crop has been destroyed. 
 
 Live stock has, on the whole, wintened well. The only diseases reported are a few 
 cases here and there of " pink-eye," strangles and epizootic in horses, and distemper in 
 colts. Some deaths of pigs in Whitchurch were caused by a disease which first attacked 
 their legs. 
 
 With but five exceptions, as shown by forty-nine reports, there was during the winter 
 an abundance of fodder. Hay in Whitchurch and King sold at $9 to $10 a ton. Boots 
 were scarce in the township of York. 
 
 In some parts of the county ploughing and seeding began in the first week of April, 
 and were fini&bed by the 25th, In other portions they were not begun before the 17th 
 or 20th of the month, but, as a rule, the dates were the 12th and 15th. The ground was 
 in good condition. 
 
 Vegetation has been checked by frosts. Fruit trees have escaped "injury. Apples 
 promise well. Cherry and plum trees are badly affected by the black-knot. 
 
 Wheat has been sold off, and farmers have little more than they wiU want for 
 their own use. A few of " the wealthier class, however, are holding for higher prices 
 in June." 
 
 Of hay, on the whole, there is plenty ; but the supply of oats is very limited, as many 
 farmers grow no more than they themselves need. 
 
 With two exceptions, fat cattle are reported very scarce. Store cattle are mor« 
 plentiful, but not equal to the demand for consumption in Canada or in Europe, there 
 being about an average of two to each farm. One farmer says : " Our best paying crops 
 are wheat and barley, both too valuable to feed. If corn was cheaper, we should sell 
 more beef and less veal, and our land would be more valuable by the addition of better 
 manure." 
 
 A report from the township of York says : " Pigs are scarcer than ever. There is 
 not one now for twenty that were raised twenty years ago." Another report from the 
 same township says : " There are not so many horses, cattle and pigs kept as formerly ; 
 
22 
 
 the best of the horses are sold to the Americans, the cattle g(y to Europe, and very fe'w 
 sheep are kept on account of dogs killing them." 
 
 General Remarks : " Wages are high." " The land never worked better." Farrow 
 cows are plentiful and calves are scarce. In King the acreage of fall wheat is above the 
 average, where, however, it suffered more in April than during the winter. The dry weather 
 and night frosts of that month were injurious to its growth. The "lamb-crop" was a light 
 one. Farmers are hopeful both as regards the crops and stock. Dr. Smith, V.S., reports- 
 that " Bpizootic cellulitis, or what is known as 'pink-eye,' in horses has prevailed 
 throughout the province to a considerable extent, but is not attended with many fatal 
 results. Glanders and farcy also prevail to a greater extent than for many years past." 
 A market gardener states that while fruit trees have come through the winter very well,, 
 small fruits were very much injured by the winter and the dry weather of last summer. 
 A farmer expresses regret that " our stocks of good mares are being taken to the States, 
 and that our farmers do not feed cattle enough." 
 
 County op Ontario. 
 
 In the northern townships fall wheat promises well, but in those along the Lake-shore- 
 ihe prospects are not so good. At the front, where the spring frosts and dry weather 
 have been injurious, the best wheat is found on sandy loam, the second-best on clay loam,, 
 and the poorest on clay, especially where it lies low and is not well drained. A Pickering 
 farmer notices that it looks best in sheltered places, and says : " I think farmers should 
 see the necessity of planting more trees around their farms, such as pine, cedar, and other 
 evergreens." In the rear part of the county the grain looks well on all soils. No injury 
 whatever by worms or insects is reported from any part of the county, and a farmer in 
 Pickering says they have caused no trouble for " the last few years." In localities in. 
 Pickering and East and West Whitby a considerable percentage of the area sown in fall 
 wheat will be ploughed up. 
 
 The little rye grown is promising well. 
 
 Clover, on the whole, has suffered very severely from spring frosts. In many 
 localities, especially -at the front, it has been completely killed and has been ploughed up. 
 In only a very few instances is anything like a good crop expected. 
 
 Owing to the mild weather, stock have wintered well, notwithstanding the scarcity 
 of roots in some parts of the county. Except in Pickering and a few cases in East 
 Whitby the only disease reported is " pink-eye," which caused some deaths of horses 
 in Thorah and Mara, where many mares also lost their foals. In Pickering many sheep 
 died of scab and grub in the head, and one-third of the spring lambs were lost. East 
 Whitby was affected also, but to a less degree. A farmer in Scott reports two deaths of 
 horses from typhoid, and says the reason assigned was "impure water." Another farmer 
 in the same township " lost three or four young cattle after or about calving, having 
 been attacked by loss of power in the hinder parts, extending to softness of the taU 
 bones. This disease seemed to be contagious, but other cattle which suffered from it are 
 recovering." 
 
 Throughout the county there was a sufficiency of fodder, but a great scarcity of roots, 
 and, in places, of coarse grains. 
 
 Spring work was more backward in the northern townships than at the front, but 
 ploughing was general from the 10th to the 17th of April, and sowing from the 12th to 
 the 20th. 
 
 Fruit trees have escaped injury from frost. The black-knot in cherry and plum trees 
 is reported from several sections. Owing to lack of rain and warmth, vegetation is 
 backward. 
 
 Very few farmers have any wheat for sale. The great majority last autumn sold all 
 they could spare, and some have had to purchase grain for seeding purposes. 
 
 Hay appears to be plentiful, but there is a general scarcity of oats. 
 
 Fat cattle are below the average in supply ; store cattle are plentiful in some parts 
 of the county. The high price of corn and bran has affected stock-feeding. 
 
 Farmers are reported prosperous and hopeful. One says : " We are in good heart ; 
 less money-borrowing than formerly j and in fact times are good all round." 
 
23 
 
 Good substantial work horses are advancing in price, and are hard to get. Milch 
 cows are in good demand, and more calves are being raised. 
 
 Large quantities of hay have been packed and shipped from the county during the 
 past two years. A large breadth of land in East Whitby has been sown with peas, on 
 account of much clover being ploughed under. 
 
 County of Dueham. 
 
 Very little fall wheat was sown in the Lake-shore townships. One report states that 
 "not one farmer in ten has any, and he only from eight to ten acres." The condition of 
 the crop is very uneven, but it seems to promise well in dry, sheltered fields. In the 
 back townships the prospects are better, especially where the land is properly cultivated, 
 no matter what the soil may be. Where injury has been reported, it is credited to want 
 of snow during the winter, and to spring frosts. With the exception of the township of 
 DarUngton, very little wheat has been ploughed up. Some of the fields were badly 
 "washed" by the heavy winter rains. 
 
 Winter rye has withstood the winter and will yield well. 
 
 The dry weather of last fall and high winds have killed nearly all the clover on 
 exposed situations, and the frosts of the winter and spring have not been less destructive 
 to that on low ground. Many meadows are ruined, and will be ploughed up. Last 
 year's seeding, however, is generally safe. 
 
 Live stock wintered exceptionally well, and, beyond distemper and " pink-eye " in 
 horses, no disease is reported. A few mares lost their foals. 
 
 As the root crop was a failure, farmers fed grain and fodder to make up the defi- 
 ciency. Hay was plentiful, and in Cartwright sold from $6 to $8 per ton. 
 
 The spring opened favourably for work, and ploughing on sod-land and seeding on 
 light dry ground commenced in the first week in April. Succeeding cold frosty weather 
 retarded both, but farm work progressed rapidly. Ploughing and seeding were general 
 from the 12th to the 17th of the month. 
 
 Vegetation is backward, though the spring is regarded as early. Fruit trees have 
 escaped injury. 
 
 Last year's wheat was largely sold ofi", but some independent farmers have held for 
 better prices. The grain-buyers and millers believe that about one-third of the crop is 
 still in the hands of the farmers. 
 
 In portions of the county hay is still very plentiful, but in other portions the supply 
 is nearly exhausted, or will be by the time the new crop is cut. The supply of oats has 
 been very inadequate. 
 
 Fat cattle were nearly all sold off by Easter. There are plenty of store cattle, and 
 arrangements are being made to get them ready for the fall shipping trade. Cattle- 
 raising is largely carried on in parts of Durham, with a view to supplying both the home 
 and foreign demand. ' 
 
 The farmers are reported prosperous. One of them says '. "On the whole, we are 
 not complaining. The demand for live stock and produce has been so great that farmers 
 have plenty of funds and are satisfied." Another mentions the large emigration to 
 Manitoba of first-class farmers and farm labourers, and says that in the township of 
 Cavan there are many good openings for farm labourers and farm servants. 
 
 County op Northumberland. 
 
 In the back townships the reports as to the condition of the fall wheat are encour- 
 aging. Though less than usual, there appears to have been snow enough to be of service 
 to the growing plant. In the Lake-shore townships the crop is in a poorer condition, 
 having suffered from dry weather in the fall, changeable weather in the winter, and dry 
 cold winds and frosts in the spring. The wheat grown on clay loam, or sandy loam with 
 clay bottom looks best. ' A large breadth of fall wheat is not sown in Northumberland, 
 and the estimates indicate that about one-fourth of it has been killed. Very little 
 ■will be ploughed up. In the Lake-shore townships of Hamilton and Haldimand, of 100,- 
 
24 
 
 234 acres cleared and under cultivation, but 1,092 are under fall wheat. In the rear 
 township of South Monaghan 863 acres have been sown to fall wheat out of 12,136 under 
 cultivation. In Alnwick, another back township, the corresponding figures are 1 1,683 and 
 175. Barley is coming more and more into favour. 
 
 Winter rye is largely grown, and is reported in good condition. There are in Haldi- 
 mand alone 3,000 acres under crop. 
 
 Clover has to a very large extent been winter-killed ; old meadows have in very 
 many instances been ruined and will be ploughed up. The frosts "hoisted" the plants 
 out by the roots and left them lying exposed on the surface of the ground. 
 
 Fodder was plentiful everywhere, and stock looked well in the spring, though the 
 want of roots was much felt. The crop of turnips was not only poor, but they were 
 frozen before gathered, and were left unfit for use. The health of stock was excellent, 
 if an exception may be made of horses, which suffered in the fall and winter from dis- 
 temper and "pink-eye." Where proper care was not taken, deaths occurred, and many 
 brood mares lost their foals. One report estimates the loss of foals as high as thirty per 
 cent. 
 
 The spring has been favourable for work, and the land is in capital condition. 
 Ploughing in individual cases began on the 2nd of April, and seeding on the 7th, but in 
 general not until the 8th and 14th respectively. 
 
 Vegetation is backward. Grass on the 25th April was only beginning to grow. 
 Fruit trees looked well, but had not commenced to leaf or blossom. The prospects of a 
 large fruit crop were reported good. The season was very favourable for seeding. 
 
 Of hay there is plenty in the county ; of oats the supply is exceedingly limited ; of 
 wheat there is scarcely any, farmers having taken advantage of the prices of last faU 
 and sold all except that needed for family use. 
 
 There are very few fat cattle in the county. Store cattle are plentiful, but the high 
 price of com and coarse grain prevented their owners fattening them for the market. 
 
 Farmers', interests are reported in a flourishing condition ; they are satisfied with 
 everything except the loss of the clover, due to there being less snow than (one farmer 
 says) has fallen in 48 winters. Oxen and working cattle have been bought up and sent 
 to Manitoba. Horses have commanded good prices. 
 
 County op Prince Edward. 
 
 In this county, which lies almost entirely within the influence of the lake, the fall 
 wheat has suffered so severely from winter and spring frosts that no one seems to expect 
 more than half a crop, while very many farmers report that where it has not been entirely 
 killed out it will yield no more than one-quarter of a crop. The only favoured &e\ds 
 are those protected by woods from the cold winds, or those which have been drained. 
 Clay loam has proved to be the best soil. The breadth of wheat sown has, however, 
 been small, and from 10 to 75 per cent, of it — depending upon the locality — will be 
 ploughed up. 
 
 Barley is the grain chiefly grown ; many farmers grow no wheat at all. Peas have 
 been largely produced, but the pea-bug has of late seasons done so much injury that that 
 grain cannot be depended upon. One farmer, who has 400 acres of land, says he will 
 sow 300 in barley. 
 
 Many of the reports speak in high terms of the value of underdraining, and say 
 that where it has been carried out both wheat and clover have been saved. It was noticed 
 that wheat sown late suffered most, as it had not grown sufficient top to protect the roots 
 when winter set in. 
 
 More winter rye is grown in Prince Edward than in any of the more western counties 
 in this group, but the grain has suffered severely, and will not yield much more than half 
 a crop. 
 
 Old clover meadows have been nearly all ruined by the winter frosts. In some places 
 the cold winds at Easter completed the winter's wreck. Many fields have already been 
 ploughed up. The new crop has also suffered, perhaps to the extent of fifty per cent. 
 
 There being plenty of fodder, stock wintered fairly well. Horses and sheep did very 
 
25 
 
 well ; cattle looked a little " thin " in the spring ; pigs, of vhich but few are kept, did best 
 of all. Distemper and "pink-eye" affected many horses, but not seriously. A great 
 many sheep and lambs succumbed to a distemper which is not described. 
 
 Spring ploughing and seeding began generally about the 10th of April, and by the 
 25th was in most cases from half to wholly completed. Several instances of ploughing and 
 seeding on the 1st of April are reported. 
 
 The supply of wheat is represented to be even less than is necessary for home con- 
 sumption. That of oats is very small. Hay is more plentiful. 
 
 The fattening of cattle is not largely carried on. The best cows are kept for dairy 
 purposes, " the butchers getting the refuse." While no fat cattle are reported, there is a 
 fair number of store cattle on hand. 
 
 There are prospects of good crops of barley, oats, corn, and apples. Potatoes are scarce. 
 Nearly every farmer sends milk to the dairies. Though hops have suffered, a fair yield 
 is expected. One farmer says : " Stock of all kinds find ready sale for export at exorbitant 
 figures, especially horses." 
 
 County of Lennox and Addington. 
 
 In this county fall wheat is not largely sown, and not more than half a crop is 
 expected. The dry weather of the autumn, the frosts and thaws of winter, and the cold winds 
 of the middle of April, all injured the plants. The best pieces are standing on clay loam 
 and rich sandy soils. In some sections the whole of the wheat has been ploughed up ; in 
 others it has been left, in the hope that early and warm rains will save it. 
 
 Winter rye has suffered, but a fair harvest is anticipated. 
 
 Clover bids fair to be a very poor crop. Old meadows, as a rule, have been entirely 
 killed ; new ones have in many instances suffered very severely. 
 
 Fodder was plentiful, and stock came through the winter well. Some horses died of 
 " pink-eye," which was prevalent in the winter. 
 
 Vegetation is reported backward. Spring work was half done on the 25th of April. 
 Fruit trees had not been injured by the winter. 
 
 The supply of wheat from last year is so short that many farmers will have to buy 
 before harvest. 
 
 Hay is fairly plentiful, but oats cannot be had. 
 
 Few fat cattle are reported. There is a supply of milch cows and store cattle, for 
 which the demand is good. 
 
 There being but little snow during the winter, the effects are perceptible everywhere, 
 but the farmers are hopeful. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE AND OTTAWA GROUP. 
 
 Throughout the eastern part of the Province an evident change in the climate has 
 been noticed during the past fifteen years. There has been a decreased snow fall, " but," 
 as one report says, " the unprotected state of the wheat fields does not seem to have 
 acted very injuriously upon the crops. This year, however, the great exposure of those 
 fields to the weather by the early melting of the snow gives them a withered appearance ; 
 but the probability is that the roots are still sound, the temperature having remained too 
 low to have had much effect upon vegetation." In the more eastern and northern 
 counties of the group the frost on the 25th of April was still coming but slowly out of 
 the ground, but the streams had been free from ice more than a week. Though the 
 ground was, consequently, still too wet in many places to be cultivated, it was the general 
 belief that a few days of warmth would render it fit for the plough, and for seeding. 
 
 In eastern Ontario for a long time the unsatisfactory yield of wheat caused but a 
 small area to be sown with that grain, but of recent years fall wheat has produced such 
 
28 
 
 bountiful harvests (often yielding from thirty to forty bushels per apre), that more than, 
 usual attention has been directed to its growth. In 1880, spring wheat did not produce 
 nearly an average crop, but last year the yield was both good in quality and abundant^ 
 The prospects for fall wheat at the date of writing were not good, but the opinion was 
 general that favourable weather would yet do much for it. 
 
 Oats being a reliable crop, it is largely sown, and very considerable quantities are 
 annually sent to market. 
 
 Peas, barley and winter rye also give good returns. 
 
 Clover and hay (timothy) may generally be depended upon, but little is usually 
 raised beyond the needs of home consumption. 
 
 In almost every section of the group cheese factories have been established, and. 
 the satisfactory cash receipts from the sale of cheese have given agriculturists a correct 
 idea of the value of good milch cows, which, therefore, now receive care and attention 
 never before bestowed upon them. Instead of being almost wholly winter-fed on straw, and 
 sheltered in open sheds as they once were, they are now well fed and provided with warm 
 stables. Attention is also being paid to the improvement of stock, and it is expected 
 that within a few years the great superiority claimed for the herds in the West will at 
 least not go unchallenged by the East. 
 
 The condition of vegetation in these counties is not only three weeks behind the 
 stage attained at the corresponding date last year, but it is from two to three weeks later 
 than it is in the vicinity of Toronto and Hamilton. This being the case, the outlook for 
 winter crops cannot be determined as acurately as in the western part of Ontario. 
 
 There haviag been an abundance of food grown lasb year, stock everywhere wintered 
 well. As one of the results, cattle,. pigs and sheep were remarkably free from disease ;, 
 but, as will be seen further on, there were cases of sickaess and death among them, though 
 not of an especially noteworthy character. Pink-eye (epizootic cellulitis) was everywhere 
 prevalent and in many places caused numerous deaths, but it is generally admitted 
 that where horses received proper care the effects of the diseaje were, at the worst, 
 reduced to a few days' or weeks' illness. It, however, appears that nearly every brood 
 mare which was attacked lost her " foal " by aborting. In some localities the loss from, 
 this cause was very heavy. 
 
 County op Frontenac. 
 
 In this county but little fall wheat was sown. The lack of snow has in many 
 places, especially on low and undrained clay land, "J)layed havoc with the young plantsj 
 which were exposed to the frosts and winds of winter and spring. With but an excep- 
 tion or two, no more than half a crop is expected at best, while iu many places the 
 prospects could not well be worse. The grain has been winter-killed and " heaved out " 
 by the frost to such an extent that three-fourths of it in some townships is reported 
 worthless. Not much has yet been ploughed up, but a good deal will be. No injury 
 from insects has been noticed. 
 
 The breadth of winter rye sown in some of the townships is considerable, and where 
 the land is suitable, a good crop is anticipated. 
 
 Clover is almost unanimously reported to be a failure ; whole fields are destroyed ;. 
 the thawing in the day and freezing at night having thrown the roots completely out of 
 the ground. 
 
 Stock wintered well, having had a sufficiency of fodder. Disease was confined to 
 horses, and consisted of "pLuk-eye" and distemper; the former caused a few deaths. 
 Some mares which were attacked lost their foals. 
 
 Ploughing and seeding were, as a general thing, well advanced by the middle of 
 April. Vegetation was, however, still very backward on the 25th. Fruit trees did not 
 appear to have suffered from the cold weather. Cultivated strawberries, however were 
 reported " heaved out " like clover, and by the same causes. 
 
 There is very little wheat in the hands of the farmers ; in many instances there will 
 not be enough for local consumption. In some townships less wheat is grown than is 
 required for domestic use. Barley is the staple cereal. 
 
27 
 
 The supply of oats is exceedingly limited; in some localities none is to be had,. 
 Large quantities of oats, potatoes and pressed hay were shipped to the States, wher©- 
 the prices have been good. 
 
 Fat cattle have been sold off. Store cattle are plentiful, but will not exceed the 
 demand expected later in the year. The cattle in many parts of the country are " scarce 
 and dear, the price being one-third higher than it was in April, 1881." Butter and 
 cheese-making forms the leading domestic industry, and consequently few cattle are for 
 sale. 
 
 In the northern part of the county many farmers in the winter work in the lumber 
 shanties, the good wages paid being the chief inducement. 
 
 County op Leeds. 
 
 In this county the breadth of fall wheat sown is never large, consequently, as one 
 report says, when it fails the loss is not serious, because the land, as a rule, has either 
 been also sown to timothy, or will be sown with spring wheat, which is " cultivated " 
 and rolled in as the frosts are leaving the ground. The past winter has been severe ; 
 the plants wherever the soil was loamy and moist being entirely " heaved out " by the 
 repeated thawings and freezings. The best reports, and there are few, estimate the 
 probable crop at from one-third to one-half of what it should be. In many cases whole 
 fields will be ploughed up and sown again. In some parts of the county the wheat on 
 clay soils has best withstood the action of the spring frosts, while in others the grain 
 sown upon them has proved a total failure. The best drained land will yield the best, 
 crops. Warm weather and rain may, however, save much which is now considered badly 
 injured. 
 
 Winter rye is extensively grown, and though in spots it has suffered, a fair to good 
 yield is expected. 
 
 All meadows have been badly injured by frost, and not moi'e than half a crop will 
 be cut. Some of the young clover promises well, but a good deal has been winter-killed.. 
 
 In general, stock wintered well. Pigs did so, and in instances a " great increase " is 
 reported. Sheep in certain localities have been affected by the weather, and loss of 
 appetite, and a number of deaths from grub in the head are reported ; one farmer lost 
 a dozen. Some cattle came through the winter " looking thin." Oases of death from 
 coughing and apparent choking are recorded. Some valuable horses died of "pink-eye," 
 which was very prevalent. The stock in the county has of late been greatly improved, 
 A $2,000 stallion was imported during the winter. 
 
 With one exception, fodder was reported plentiful. Hundreds of tons of hay have- 
 been sold in the States, and large quantities may yet be had. The price at the front 
 ranged from $7 to $10 per ton. 
 
 Vegetation was very backward on the 25th of April, at which date in many places 
 ploughing and seeding had not fairly begun. In other localities, however, the former 
 was well advanced by the 20th, and seeding by the 24th. Fruit trees, as far as could be 
 ascertained, had not suffered. 
 
 There is no reserve of wheat in the county beyond that which will meet home con- 
 sumption. The same is true of oats, but of hay there is an abundance and plenty to 
 spare. 
 
 There are no fat cattle to be had, and the number of store cattle is below the 
 average, which is always small. 
 
 The farmers are prosperous, owing to the good crops and prices of last year. Large 
 quantities of maple sugar have been produced. The dairies, of which there are many, 
 are in good shape, and the butter and cheese factories are starting with plenty of milk. 
 
 County of Grenville. 
 
 The prospects for fall wheat are not encouraging, and the yield wUl be inferior to 
 that of last year ; the breadth sown is small. Serious damage by frost has been done 
 the young plants on loamy soils and in low situations. With rain and warmth, how- 
 
28 
 
 ever, the wheat may thrive better, but at best not more than half a crop is expected. 
 The largest yield will be taken from new land in sheltered positions. Winter wheat 
 sown on sod has been attacked by the wire-worm. 
 
 Winter rye is extensively grown, and in very good condition. Late rye has not 
 been injured more than 30 per cent., and early not more than 10 per cent, by the frosts. 
 
 Clover has not, on the whole, been seriously injured. The most serious damage 
 reported is estimated at 25 per cent. 
 
 Live stock wintered very well. " Pink-eye " prevailed among horses. Brood mares 
 Attacked by it lost their foals. A few cases of dry murrain in cattle were reported. 
 Some cows in Wolford lost their calves from some cause unknown. Fodder was 
 abundant throughout the county. 
 
 ' . Up to the 25th of April no seeding and but little ploughing had been done. Vege- 
 tation was very backward. The fruit trees appeared to be in good condition. 
 
 There was no reserve wheat in the hands of the farmers. 
 
 No fat or store cattle, or exceedingly few, are to be had among the farmers. In the 
 stables of Mr. J. D. Wiser, distiller, at Prescott, however, eleven hundred head are being 
 fattened. The farmers are taking more and more interest in the produce of dairies, 
 which are becoming numerous. The cattle are reported to be not of the best class. 
 Com has become so expensive that it does not pay to feed it, and there is nothiag to take 
 its place. 
 
 The farmers are generally in good circumstances. 
 
 County op Dundas. 
 
 Fall wheat sown early promises best ; the late sown upon low and wet land was 
 nearly ruined by the frosts. The wire-worm in some places attacked the plants last 
 autumn, and left them in a weakly condition. An unusual quantity of rain fell during 
 the winter, and " washed " some wheat fields very badly. The spring has been cold and 
 very backward. Present prospects may not prove to have been reliable as time passes ; 
 but not more than from one-half to two -thirds of an average crop is anticipated. Insects 
 have done no injury yet, and but little wheat has been ploughed up. Winter rye is in 
 good condition, and promises well. 
 
 Not much clpver is raised. In some places it looks well, but in others it suffered 
 severely during the winter, and many old meadows were entirely destroyed. Timothy 
 and clover are generally grown together. The condition of the former is good. 
 
 There was an abundant harvest last year, and fodder was plentiful. Stock have 
 thriven well. " Pink-eye " is the only disease reported. Some deaths among horses 
 were caused by it, and many brood mares " aborted." A somewhat similar disease killed 
 A few cattle. 
 
 Tegetation is very backward, and in many places had not started by the 25th of 
 April, at which date little or no spring work had been done. One report speaks of wheat 
 having been sown on the 1st of May on fall-ploughed land, and says it was the " first 
 work done in the township." Seeding was about three weeks later than last year. 
 Fruit trees had not budded, but they appeared to be in good condition. 
 
 There was no surplus of wheat in farmers' hands. The oats left will no more 
 -than meet the home demand. Hay is very abundant. Over one thousand tons have been 
 exported from the township of Matilda alone, but plenty remains. 
 
 Cattle are kept chiefly for dairy purposes. No fat cattle are to be had, and the 
 .supply of store cattle is below the average, which in Dundas is always small. 
 
 County of Stormont. 
 
 It was yet too early on the 25th of April to form a satisfactory opinion of the fall 
 wheat in this county, but all the reports agree that the prospects for more than half a 
 <;rop were not good. The estimate of the area injured by frosts ranges between one-third 
 and one-half of the breadth sown. The best pieces are found in low spots, where the 
 snow lay the greater part of the winter, and on well-drained land. Much of the injury 
 
29 
 
 is attributed to a severe frost about the 10th of October, which checked the plants, and 
 left them too weak to withstand the open winter. One report from the township of 
 Knch says : " On loamy land it (fall wheat) will not be half a crop ; on sandy soil it 
 looks very good ; but on high, gravelly soil the prospects are poor." One authority says 
 that " very little wheat will be ploughed up, as spring wheat has been such a failure the 
 past two years that it pays better to let the winter wheat, poor as it may be, struggle on." 
 Ploughing, however, had not commenced at the date of the report. 
 
 Winter rye is grown to some extent, and is in a far better condition than wheat. 
 
 Clover is not extensively sown, and is very uneven in condition, having in spots 
 suffered severely from frosts. 
 
 Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs look remarkably well, the winter having been mild 
 and fodder plentiful. " Pink-eye " was prevalent, but not attended with much fatality. 
 Last fall a number of calves and cows died in Osnabruck of a disease which is not named. 
 Its symptoms were dullness, bloating and great pain. Many young cattle died of 
 " black-leg ;" every case proved fatal. In the same township some sheep were attackesd 
 with "scab." 
 
 Farming operations had not commenced on the 25th of April, and in many places 
 ploughing had not begun on the 3rd of May, on 'which date in Koxborough two inches of 
 snow fell. Vegetation was exceedingly backward. Fruit trees looked well. 
 
 So little wheat has been reserved by the farmers that many are buying their supplies 
 of flour. Of oats, little is to be had. Hay is plentiful in spite of the " enormous quan- 
 tities," one report says, " shipped from the front townships." 
 
 Cattle are principally kept for dairy purposes. There are some store cattle, but no 
 fat animals are to be had. 
 
 One farmer closes his report by saying : " Fall wheat is not raised to any great 
 extent ; only sufficient for each family's use, and none for export. Considerable quan- 
 tities of wheat and flour are brought in from the west." Another remarks : " The 
 general outlook for a prosperous year is fairly good." 
 
 County of Glbngahrt. 
 
 At the date of the reports growth had not begun in this county, having been retarded 
 by cold easterly winds and low temperatures, but they all join in speaking very dis- 
 paragingly of the prospects for fall wheat, which, irrespective of soil or situation — 
 unless on well-drained farms — is reported to be in very poor condition. The fear is 
 generally expressed that from one-half to two-thirds of the plants have been killed by the 
 unkindly weather. One report says : " Fall wheat in this township (Kenyon) is very 
 seldom ploughed up ; the farmers always sow grass seed with the wheat, and, if the wheat 
 fails, the grass grows. " In Lochiel, on some lands, wire-worms injure about one-fourth 
 of the crop. 
 
 Very little or no winter rye is sown in the county. 
 
 Very little clover is grown, but of its prospects it was, on the 25th of April, too 
 early to speak. 
 
 Stock wintered well and had plenty of fodder. The only diseases reported are a few 
 cases of " pink-eye," of a mild character, and some sporadic instances of inflammation of 
 the angle of the jaws of horned cattle. In some cases suppuration set in and death 
 resulted. 
 
 The ground was cold and wet at the date of the reports, and, according to the 
 locality, extremely little or no progress had been made with spring work. Vegetation 
 was very backward ; fruit trees had not begun to leaf out, but looked well. 
 
 Of wheat there was sufficient in reserve for home consumption, but no more. Of 
 hay and oats the supply was ample. Of the former, a considerable surplus was sold. Bad" 
 roads during the winter impaired the sale of oats in some parts of the county. 
 
 At the date of the report, cattle and horses were still stabled and fed the same as in 
 the winter. 
 
30 
 
 County op Pekscott. 
 
 The breadth of fall wheat sown in this county is very small, and is estimated by 
 •correspondents of the Bureau to be as follows : Township of Caledonia, eight acres ; 
 Alfred, two acres ; West Hawkesbury, five to ten acres ; and North Plantaganet, none. 
 It was too early on the 25th of April to form any reliable opinion of the condition of the 
 .grain, but it does not appear to have been very reassuring. 
 
 Very little winter rye is grown. It will be about one-third of a crop. 
 
 Clover had not begun to grow. The prospects were not good for much of a crop. 
 
 Fodder was plentiful. Stock wintered well, and, with the exception of " pink-eye " 
 among horses and sore throat among cattle, were free from disease. Many mares which 
 were attacked lost their foals. 
 
 In parts of the county ploughing commenced on the 18th April, but generally nothing 
 at all had been done on the 24th. There was no sign of vegetation, but fruit trees 
 appeared to be healthy. 
 
 There was no more wheat in farmers' hands than was necessary for their own use. 
 •Of hay there was plenty, and of oats a large surplus. 
 
 There were few or no fat or store cattle. The Americans some time since secured 
 all that could be spared. They have also bought largely of potatoes, beans, cheese and 
 butter ; of the last mentioned an excellent quality is produced. Many new dairy factories 
 are being started this spring. 
 
 Farmers are reported prosperous and contented in spite of the fact that the season 
 is three weeks later than that of^last year. At the date of the reports, the Ottawa River 
 was still ice-bound. 
 
 County op Russell. 
 
 The breadth of fall wheat sown is very small. From the early sown, from one- 
 'cthird to one-half a crop is expected ; the late sown is to all appearance dead. How- 
 ever, there had been no growth at the date of the reports, and predictions may not prove 
 well founded. 
 
 Of winter rye very little or none is grown. 
 
 It was too early on the 25th of April to speak with certainty of clover. 
 
 Food of all kinds was plentiful, and stock came through the winter well, though 
 =some cattle were thin in condition. " Pink-eye " was the only disease reported ; the loss 
 of foals due to it was estimated at 20 per cent. 
 
 On the 25th of April no ploughing of any consequence had been done in the county. 
 Vegetation was very backward, and grass only beginning to sprout. Trees looked well, 
 T)ut had not put out any buds. 
 
 The supply of wheat in farmers' hands is not sufficient for their wants. 
 
 Hay has been so plentiful that there will be large quantities left after the feeding 
 season has passed. 
 
 Oats can be had everywhere in the county, last year's crop having been a bountiful 
 •one. 
 
 All the fat cattle have been disposed of, and few store cattle are reported. 
 
 The farmers in Russell do not depend upon wheat as a crop. They grow more hay, 
 oats and peas, which pay better. The grain is sold in the fall and goes to Montreal, 
 Hay is pressed and sent to the same market. Pew cattle are stall fed. A good many 
 .are grass fed, and, with sheep and lambs, find sale in Montreal. 
 
 County op Carleton. 
 
 The best fall wheat in this county is to be found in localities well sheltered by woods 
 from the north winds. The next best stands on manured and well-drained soils. The 
 grain sown in low and wet places is all but worthless. This is the result of a sharp frost 
 in December, of a lack of snow during the winter, and of the hot mid-days and frosty 
 nigh$;s of April. As a rule, the reports are despondent in tone, but warmth and rain 
 -may yet do much for the crop. One farmer, who had begun to plough up a field of wheat 
 
31 
 
 atopped, his belief being that it would still be -worth harvesting. The plants had only 
 begun to grow during the third week in April, and, though the frosts at night were severe 
 and the prospects by no means inviting, the chances were generally understood to be on 
 the side of the wheat. 
 
 Winter rye is largely grown, and was reported to be generally in excellent condition. 
 
 Where clover is grown, it seems in spots to have been badly winter-killed. Some 
 ipieces were in good condition on the 25th of April — a date too early, however, to admit of 
 a safe opinion being formed. There may be at least half a crop. 
 
 Fodder was unusually plentiful, and live . stock, wintered very well. "Pink-eye" 
 was prevalent, and apparently more fatal than in other counties. All the brood mares 
 attacked lost their foals. One case of " black-leg " in cattle was reptrted. 
 
 Ploughing began about the 24th of April ; no seeding had, of course, been done. 
 Vegetation was exceedingly backward, and the fruit trees not far enough advanced to 
 •enable a safe judgment as to their condition being formed. 
 
 One farmer reported plenty of fall and spring wheat in farmers' hands, but all the others 
 were of a contrary opinion, one report stating that wheat had already been imported from 
 the east. Hay was still very plentiful, some farmers having three years' stock of it on 
 hand, but the supply of oats was limited to farmers' wants. 
 
 In some townships there were a good many stall-fed cattle, but they were already 
 sold for home consumption or shipping purposes. A goodly number of store cattle are 
 on hand, and will be grass-fed for summer and fall beef. 
 
 Male and female servants are reported scarce, though wages are high. In the winter 
 season many of the farmers in the vicinity of Ottawa work in the lumber shanties. 
 
 Strawberry plants have suffered severely from repeated thawings and freezings. 
 
 County of Lanark. 
 
 Though a few of the reports from this county are not encouraging so far as they 
 relate to faU wheat, the general appearance of that grain seemed, on the 25th of April, 
 to promise at least an average yield. In some townships the wheat was in excellent con- 
 dition, and had suffered no injury save from the frosts which came about the 20th of the 
 month. In low clay and in undrained land the damage done was considerable, but, as 
 the roots which remained in the ground were " alive " yet, the hope was that warm 
 weather and rain would cause a decided change for the better. The lowest estimate of 
 the damage done was placed at 25 per cent. Where the grain proved to be bad, the 
 intention was to sow spring wheat, and by that means " thicken the crop." 
 
 Winter rye is extensively grown, and promises an abundant harvest. It has become 
 popular, owijlg, as one report says, to the fact that it escaped the ravages of grasshoppers 
 — which were a scourge a few years ago — and has of late fetched good prices. It is also a 
 a safe crop. 
 
 What little clover there is grown has suffered severely, especially upon stiff soils, 
 from the winter and spring frostg. One report hints that it will be found that much of 
 the damage now attributed to frost will prove to have been caused by worms eating away 
 the roots. 
 
 There is a surplus of fodder. Stock wintered well and look well. " Pink-eye " is the 
 only disease reported. The results were not serious, except in the cases of the brood 
 mares which were attacked. 
 
 Ploughing began, on a few high and dry farms, on the 15th and 17th April, but was 
 not general until the 24th. Very little grain had been sown. In some places vegetation 
 had not started on the 5th of May. Fruit trees had escaped injury. 
 
 As a rule, there is little or no wheat in reserve. Many farmers have none at all. In 
 a few instances, however, the whole of last year's crop is held for June ))rices. 
 
 During the winter much hay was shipped to the States ; there is still plenty to spare. 
 The supply of oats in some townships is very large. 
 
 Fat cattle are very scarce, but the stock of store cattle is large. 
 
 In some parts of the county, on the 25th of April, there was ice still in the swamps. 
 
82 
 
 and one case is reported where the land froze so hard each night that even on the 5th 
 of May ploughing could not be commenced before 10 a.m. _ 
 
 A large portion of the county is reported to be -worthless, it having been pme and 
 cedar land. Lumbering operations and fire have left it " a common waste." Farmers 
 propose to pay more attention to stock-raising, but tlte loss of the root crops last yea,r, and , 
 the high prices of American com, have had, of late, a discouraging effect. The farmers 
 are in general prosperous and hopeful, believing that a change of weather will improve 
 the crops materially. 
 
 County op Rbnfrbw. ' 
 
 If the appearance of wheat on the 25th of April could be accepted as a criterion, the 
 yield will be small in this county. The plants have been badly winter-killed wherever 
 there has been too little shelter from the north winds and too much moisture. The best 
 estimates do not promise more than half a crop ; half the area sown will in all probability 
 be ploughed up. 
 
 Winter rye is largely grown, and the prospects for a good yield are reported fair. 
 
 Clover appears to have suffered severely, but as it had not started to grow the dis- 
 couraging reports sent in may yet prove to be iU-f ounded. It is, however, not extensively 
 cultivated. 
 
 Fodder was plentiful. Stock came through the winter in fair condition. " Pink- 
 eye " was the only disease reported, but it seems to have been very fatal in parts of the 
 county. One farmer, during the- last fortnight in April, lost seven horses and three foals. 
 
 Scarcely any progress whatever had been made with spring work. There was no sign 
 of vegetation. The fruit trees seemed to be in good condition. 
 
 The quantity of oats and hay sold for " shantying " left many farmers short, but on 
 the whole there was sufficient fodder for the winter. 
 
 In some parts of the county store cattle are plentiful, and fat cattle are to be had, 
 but the latter are being rapidly bought for Canadian and European consumption. 
 
 In Renfrew the lumber interest is paramount. Roots are not extensively grown. 
 The winter was very variable. 
 
 The period of sleighing was six weeks shorter than that of 1881. Altogether, how- 
 ever, the season was satisfactory, and the health of the people good. 
 
 EAST MIDLAND GROUP. 
 
 The East Midland counties occupy what may be called the lake country of Ontario. 
 The whole region, but the northern portion of it especially, is a network of lakes and 
 rivers. It is consequently well adapted for grazing purposes, and is likely to be more 
 famous in the future for its herds of cattle and sheep than for the quality. or productive- 
 ness of its cereals. Being, too, on the border-land of the Laurentian system, it is 
 difficult to use modern labour-saving implements to any advantage. The reaper, the 
 mower, and the drill cannot be of much service in a land strewn with primitive rocks. 
 But there is much good wheat land in Victoria, Peterborough and Hastings, and spring 
 grains can be grown profitably in all the counties of the group. 
 
 The fall wheat appears to have suffered less this year from winter exposure and 
 spring frosts than in the westerly counties of the Province ; but then it must be borne 
 in mind that the acreage under crop is very much less. In Kent and Huron the area 
 under fall wheat is to the area cleared in the proportion of 1 to 5, while in the best 
 townships of Victoria and Peterborough it is in the proportion of 1 to 13. 
 
 Clover has suffered the same fate as in all other sections of the Province ; it will not 
 be more than half a crop. 
 
 Farmers had a good store of fodder throughout the winter, and live stock are 
 reported in fair condition. "Pink-eye" raged everywhere, but it does. not appear that 
 many horses died of it. The supply of fat and store cattle is short. 
 
33 
 
 County of Victoria. 
 
 The forty reports received from this county give favourable accounts of the condition 
 of fall -wheat. "Very good," "never saw it better," and "good, with some exceptions," 
 run through all the returns. In the southern townships of the county a considerable 
 breadth has been sown, and excepting on low and undrained clay lands it has wintered 
 well, and suflFered little from the action of spring frosts. In the northern townships, 
 very little fall wheat is grown. No injury has been done by worms or insects, and no 
 wheat land is likely to be ploughed up. 
 
 Old clover fields in South Victoria have been injured by spring frosts, more especially 
 on low lands, but the new clover is reported to be very good. In North Victoria it was 
 too early at the date of the returns to note its condition. It was believed, however, to 
 be safe on high and well- drained lands. 
 
 A steady improvement has been made in live stock during the past five years. There 
 was a good supply of fodder throughout the winter, and horses and cattle are in better 
 condition than usual at this time of the year. " Pink-eye " has prevailed extensively 
 throughout the county, and many horses have been unfit for work on account of it ; very 
 few cases proved fatal. Many lambs have died this spring. 
 
 Farmers began ploughing about the 15th of April, but not much grain was sown 
 before the 20th. Spring wheat and peas were sown in large quantities by the 24th. 
 Vegetation is not as far advanced as usual at this time of year, but the' ground where 
 properly underdrained is in first-rate condition. Apple and pear trees give promise of 
 an abundance of fruit. Currant, gooseberry, and black raspberry bushes are' safe, but 
 red and white raspberries are nearly all killed; strawberry plants have been badly injured, 
 and may not yield a third of a crop. 
 
 A large quantity of hay is in farmers' hands ; it sells at $7 to ^9 per ton. A 
 great deal of wheat has been sold, but as the harvest was a large one there is more in 
 the country yet than is needed for home consumption. There is also a considerable 
 quantity of barley. 
 
 Fat and store cattle are scarce, but a number are feeding for market. Mdhy horses 
 and oxen have been bought up for the North- West. 
 
 General Bemarks : "High prices for produce marketed in the States and England, 
 and bought up by lumbermen, have enabled farmers to go in for higher farming 'and im- 
 proved five stock." "Land that has been tile-drained is two weeks earlier On th'at 
 account." "The general prospects of the farmer for the coming season^ are good." 
 
 County op Pbtebborou'gh. 
 
 Favourable reports are received of the condition of fall wheat in'<all the 'Southern 
 townships of this county. It wintered well, notwithstanding the light covering of snow, 
 and but little damage had been done by spring frosts at the date of the returns. The 
 crop was best on loamy soils, but on low and undrained lands it has been partially 
 winter-killed. No injury has been done by worms or insects. In the northern townships 
 of the county very little fall wheat is grown. 
 
 Winter rye is grown extensively in Asphodel, Belmont and Dummer townships^ and 
 the crop is in good condition. One correspondent says " it never looked better." In 
 North Monaghan it is reported " extra good." In Otonabee very little is grown — not 
 more than a dozen fields. One correspondent in this township reports : " Our soil is 
 chiefly a heavy clay, and rye is only, grown on the poorer soils." 
 
 The clover crop is considerably injured by the winter and spring frosts. On un- 
 drained heavy soils it is nearly all " heaved " out ; on higher lands less injury has been 
 done. In Smith township last year's seeding is said to be the worst, but elsewhere the 
 old clover has suffered most. "All killed" is the general expression in North Monaghan. 
 On the whole, it will riot average half a crop over the county. 
 
 Live stock are in fair order. Hay and straw were abundant for feeding; purposes, 
 but there was a scarcity of roots. Cattle and sheep are healthy ; " pink-eye " has been 
 prevalent among horses, causing many mares to lose their foals ; pigs are plentiful and 
 poor. 
 
34 
 
 "Very good progress has been made with spring work, owing to the dry season. 
 Ploughing began about the 15th, and spring wheat, barley and peas were extensively 
 sown before the 24th. Vegetation is very backward, on account of frosty nights and 
 drying winds during the day. It is believed that the fruit trees are safe. 
 
 The bulk of the wheat is marketed, but in Otonabee, Asphodel, Belmont and Dummer 
 there is a considerable quantity yet jn farmers' hands. Oats is scarce and hay abundant. 
 
 Horses have been sent largely to the North-West and to the Montreal and New 
 York markets. Store cattle of three years and over were picked up by drovers last fall. 
 Fat cattle are reported in " considerable numbers " in the township of Smith, but else- 
 where very few are to be found. Peterborough is a good grazing county ; it is well 
 watered, and the grass is rich and nourishing. 
 
 General Remarks: " We never consider our fall wheat safe until after the 18th 
 of May." " The county is well adapted for stock raising and the growth of spring crops." 
 "Wheat and barley the chief crops." "People are taking more interest in feeding and 
 raising cattle for the English market." "Night frosts hard on fall wheat, grass and 
 fruit trees." " The promise for the season was never better." 
 
 County of Haliburton. 
 
 Fall wheat is sparsely grown in this county. In Lutterworth one man has sown 
 ten acres, and he reports that " it is alive, but looks terribly jaded." Last year he had a 
 good crop. The soil is a light gritty loam. In Cardiff there are only nine acres sown, 
 and 75 per cent, of it has been killed by spring frosts. In Anson and Hindon there are 
 less than twenty acres, but it looks very well. In Haliburton township the crop is re- 
 ported in excellent condition. The soil is uniformly a sandy or gravelly loam. 
 
 The staple crop of farmers is oats, which they sell to lumbermen at good prices. Thi» 
 year, however, a good deal of spring wheat has been sown, as people are anxious to pro- 
 duce their own flour. 
 
 Some winter rye is grown and it is in good condition. Spring rye is preferred, as it 
 makes better bread. 
 
 Clover has not suffered to any extent from winter or spring frosts. 
 
 Live stock are in better condition than usual in some townships, but in others they 
 are thin in flesh. " Pink-eye " was prevalent in Lutterworth, but there were no fatal 
 cases. There was no scarcity of fodder, and there are large quantities of hay in farmers' 
 hands. 
 
 Spring work had just commenced at the date of the returns. No signs of growth 
 were visible, but fruit trees looked thrifty. Hay, oats and roots are the staple crops, and 
 they succeed admirably. 
 
 Haliburton is well adapted for raising cattle and sheep, and farmers are now turning 
 their attention chiefly to live stock. It pays better than grain, as the land is rough and 
 cannot be worked with machinery. "Our excellent water and pastures," a Mindeu 
 correspondent remarks, "produces as good beef as I ever tasted, and the best mutton." 
 
 The past winter has been very changeable, varying to extremes, and has been very 
 trying botii to settlers and stock. 
 
 CotTNTY OF Hastings. 
 
 In the northern townships of Hastings very little fall wheat is grown. In the 
 southern townships the general condition of the crop is good, but in some townships it 
 has been injured by frosts. On heavy clay and " mucky " land it has been " heaved " out, 
 but on loamy and higher land it looks well. Some fields have been ploughed up, but 
 the outlook on the whole is quite promising. Cold, dry winds were doing the crop some 
 injury at the date of the returns. 
 
 Winter rye is largely grown, and is in good condition. 
 
 Except on loamy soils, the clover will be an entire failure. Frosty nights and sunny 
 days have been the death of it. Farmers are ploughing up many fields. Only one 
 report says the crop is good, and that comes from the township of Marmora. 
 
35 
 
 Live stock are in fair condition. Fodder was plentiful, and hay sold in Belleville 
 all through the winter at $8 to $10 per ton. " Pink-eye " visited nearly every stable in 
 the county, and a number of horses died of it. The disease has now disappeared. 
 
 A great deal of grain has been sown this spring. The ground in the southern 
 townships was made ready last fall, and farmers were consequently able to get in their 
 seed as soon as the frost was out. Fruit trees had made no growth at the date of the 
 returns ; they appear to have come through the winter safely. Vegetation was in a very 
 backward state. 
 
 There is less than enough of wheat in the county to bread the people. In some 
 townships hay and oats are the staple crops, and for these products good markets are 
 found in the lumbering districts. 
 
 The supply of store cattle is under the average, and of fat cattle there are scarcely 
 any. " Outside of Crosby's distillery," a correspondent says, " I do not think half a 
 dozen cattle are being fattened in South Hastings." ■ 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 The only reports from the Northern Districts have come from Muskoka, Parry Sound 
 and Algoma. Neither soil nor climate is favourable to successful grain farming, and 
 settlers are enduring all the hardships of pioneer Ufe. They have, however, the advan- 
 tage of a good local market; lumbermen buy up all surplus products at good prices. 
 Peas and oats of a superior quality are grown, and the country is well adapted for 
 grazing purposes. It should excel in the production of beef, mutton and butter. 
 
 Muskoka. 
 
 Fall wheat is not grown to any extent in Muskoka. in some townships there is 
 none at all ; in others there are a few fields, but chiefly as an experiment. 
 
 In a few townships the clover crop is very good ; in others it suffered from 
 exposure in winter, and "what the winter has left the hard spring frosts will surely 
 finish." It has been badly " heaved " out on clay land. 
 
 Last year's crop of hay was injured to some extent by a severe June frost which 
 completely cut down the clover, but there was an abundance of fodder for live stock 
 throughout the winter. Cattle, sheep and pigs are healthy and in fair condition ; horses 
 were attacked with " pink-eye," but with proper care they have recovered. 
 
 Spring work was begun about the 20th of April, — in some localities as early as the 
 15th — and spring wheat was sown at the date of the returns. Fruit trees do not appear 
 to have been injured by the winter, and they give promise of a good crop. Hardy 
 varieties of apples can be grown successfully. 
 
 There is not a sufficiency of wheat grown in the district for home consumption. 
 There is a surplus of hay this year, but oats is scarce. 
 
 Fat and store cattle were sold off last fall, and there are few of either in farmers' 
 hands now. 
 
 Paeey Sound. 
 
 The reports from Parry Sound state that very little fall wheat is grown in that 
 district, Ikit what has been sown looks well. Winter rye is grown in the township of 
 Foley, and it " looks hardy." 
 
 Clover on old land has been injured to some extent by spring frosts ; on new land no 
 harm has been done to it. 
 
 There was a sufficiency of fodder for live stock throughout the winter, and they are 
 in fair condition. There were numerous cases of " pink-eye" among horses, and several 
 animals died. 
 
36 
 
 Ploughing had commenced in some townships at the date of the returns, but no grain 
 had been sown, the frost being still in the ground. Fruit trees have fared badly on clay 
 land, but on light^and warm soils they do not appear to have sustained any injury. 
 
 There are a few- store cattle in, the district, but no fat cattle. Farmers find a good 
 market in the lumbering centres for all surplus products. 
 
 Algoma. 
 
 The few reports received from this district show that fall wheat has come safely 
 through. the. winter, and that it has not suffered from spring frosts. Cattle are healthy, 
 and there was an ample supply of fodder. On Manitoulin Island ploughing began about 
 the middle of April, and seeding was well advanced by the 25th. At Bruce Mines work 
 was. commenced) in the last week of April. In the municipality of Assiginack seeding 
 was about one-quarter done on the 25th, and excellent progress was made in Sandfield 
 and Gordon. 
 
 EEMARKS ON THE WHEAT SUPPLY. 
 
 It is apparent, by the reports received from all sections of the Province, that the 
 granaries of farmers are well-nigh emptied of surplus wheat ; what is yet held is little 
 mqre .than sufficient to bread the country until the growing crop is, ready for the market. 
 I have not been able to ascertain with any degree of accuracy the quantity held by 
 dealers, but it cannot be large. There were stored in Toronto warehouses and elevators 
 on the Istof May, 331,195-bushels of wheat, and 6,100 barrels of flour, as compared 
 with 230,841 bushels of wheat, and 7,030 barrels of flour at the corresponding date 
 last year. 
 
 The visible supply of wheat in Canada and the United States on the 27th of April 
 was 10,809,461 bushels, as eompared with 19,820,832 bushels at the corresponding date 
 last year. 
 
 The receipts of flour at Canadian and United States seaboard ports for shipment 
 to foreign markets from August 29th, 1881, to April 22nd, 1882, were 7,529,951 barrels 
 of flour, and 33,596,831 bushels of wheat, as compared with 9,236,955 barrels of flour, 
 and 70,187,403 bushels of wheat for the corresponding period of 1880-1. The excess 
 for 1880-1 is accounted for by the fact that the United States harvest for 1880 was 
 about 130,000,000 bushels in excess of the harvest of 1881. 
 
 Last year's crop in the United States was the shortest on record, per acre, and 
 estimates based on the trade returns show that the export for the fiscal year ending 
 June 30th will exceed the export for the year 1880-1 by at least 60,000,000 bushels. 
 In other words, the supply of old wheat in the United States on 1st July of this year 
 will be 60,000,000 bushels less than on 1st of July last year. Another important fact 
 is, that the prospect for the growing crop is only a slight improvement on last year's, 
 with many risks to run. The 1st of April estimates for Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and 
 Illinois make for these States an excess of 20,000,000 bushels over last year's yield, 
 but since that date severe frosts have prevailed throughout Ohio, and Chinch-bugs 
 have been swarming hy millions over portions of Illinois. 
 
 The wheat crop of British India, harvested in March and April, is expected to have 
 an out-put exceeding the crop of 1881. The receipts at Bombay from January 1st to 
 March 21st were 3,775,035 bushels, against 1,701,881 bushels for the corresponding 
 period of last year. 
 
 The crop in Australia is irregular. It is poor in one colony, and only fair in all 
 the rest. 
 
 In Great Britain, France, Russia, and generally throughout Europe, the prospects 
 are promising. 
 
37 
 
 AREA AND POPULATION. 
 
 RETURNS OF ACREAGE UNDER FALL WHEAT. 
 
 A Return made to the Bureau from township clerks gives the population, acres 
 occupied and cleared, and acres in fall wheat, as collected this year by the assessors. 
 
 The acreage of fall wheat was obtained at the request of the Commissioner of 
 Agriculture, through a circular issued on the 1st of February. In a number of munici- 
 palities, however, the assessors had commenced their work before the receipt of the 
 circular, so that the returns are incomplete. But enough have been received from every 
 county of the Province to furnish data for estimates of the whole acreage, and care has 
 been taken to avoid extreme figures. 
 
 The total area in fall wheat as given in the summary table is 1,14:9,100 acres. This 
 is an average of 1 acre to every 9 acres of land cleared and under cultivation in the 
 Province, but the proportion varies greatly in different sections. In some of the western 
 counties it is as high as 1 to 4^, while in some eastern counties it is as low as 1 to 55. 
 
 In the eastern half of the Province, and in the northern portion of the western half, 
 spring wheat is chiefly grown, and it is proposed to collect its acreage in time for the 
 next monthly report of the Bureau. If its cultivation has kept pace with that of fall 
 wheat it is probable that the total area under wheat will be found to be not less than 
 2,000,000 acres. In 1870, as shown by the census of 1871, the total area was 1,386,366 
 acres, with the product of spring and fall wheat nearly equal. 
 
 The area of land occupied is shown to be 20,150,000 acres, of which a little more 
 than one-half is cleared and under cultivation. In 1870 the area occupied was 16,162,676 
 acres, of which 8,833,626 acres were cleared and under cultivation. The proportion of 
 cleared to wooded land has been closely maintained. 
 
 The population, as furnished by the municipal returns, has not been given in the 
 table. One reason is, that the returns are incomplete ; another is, that there is too great 
 a discrepancy between them and the returns of the census enumerators. They would 
 indicate that the population of the Province had decreased by 30 per cent, within a year. 
 
 The total population of Ontario, as given by the census of 1881, is 1,923,228, being 
 an increase of 302,377 in ten years. The population of the township municipalities is 
 1,324,235, which, less a moderate percentage for the population of unincorporated villages, 
 shows the numerical strength of the farming class in this Province. The total urban 
 population is about 600,000. 
 
38 
 
 Table showing by County municipalities, and groups of Counties, the Rural Population 
 of the Province ; the nuinbei" of acres of Farm Land occupied and cleared ; and the 
 number of acres in Fall Wheat. 
 
 ConSTTIES. 
 
 Population 
 in 1881. 
 
 Acres 
 occupied. 
 
 Acres 
 cleared. 
 
 Acres In 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 Lakt Huron Group : 
 
 37,132 
 59,770 
 51,226 
 
 670,000 
 800,000 
 765,000 
 
 244,000 
 455,000 
 350,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 TTnron 
 
 91,000 
 
 Bruce 
 
 70,000 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 148,128 
 
 2,235,000 
 
 1,049,000 
 
 211,000 
 
 Lake Erie Orowp : 
 
 Essex 
 
 33,756 
 38,478 
 30,697 
 28,591 
 19,880 
 21,996 
 
 420,00q 
 552,000 
 440,000 
 395,000 
 285,000 
 224,000 
 
 156,000 
 250,000 
 242,000 
 210,000 
 200,000 
 153,000 
 
 39,000 
 
 Kent 
 
 62,500 
 
 Elgin 
 
 54,000 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 35,000 
 30,000 
 
 Welland . . . . ■ 
 
 28,000 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 173,398 
 
 2,316,000 
 
 1,211,000 
 
 248,500 
 
 Georgian Bay Group : 
 
 Grey 
 
 62,835 
 61,218 
 
 1,090,000 
 1,060,000 
 
 650,000 
 410,000 
 
 64,000 
 30,000 
 
 Simcoe '. 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 124,053 
 
 > 2,150,000 
 
 960,000 
 
 84,000 
 
 
 Weit Midlami Group •■ 
 
 58,743 
 36,502 
 17,588 
 36,505 
 48,475 
 24,453 
 16,956 
 
 755,000 
 476,000 
 215,000 
 520,000 
 670,000 
 300,000 
 310,000 
 
 480,000 
 325,000 
 170,000 
 292,000 
 400,000 
 210,000 
 148,000 
 
 105,000 
 50,000 
 34,000 
 53,000 
 40,000 
 42,000 
 16,000 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 239,222 
 
 3,246,000 
 
 2,025,000 
 
 340,000 
 
 Lake Ontario Group ; 
 
 14,416 
 27,282 
 15,520 
 21,894 
 40,356 
 37.135 
 24,965 
 31,J55 
 17,471 
 21,424 
 
 190,000 
 268,000 
 318,000 
 290,000 
 555,000 
 490,000 
 362,000 
 450,000 
 230,000 
 430,000 
 
 135,000 
 200,000 
 165,000 
 235,000 
 390,000 
 285,000 
 256,000 
 254,000 
 170,000 
 220,000 
 
 23,000 
 
 34,600 
 
 29,000 
 
 25,000 
 
 43,000 
 
 14,000 
 
 3,500 
 
 6,500 
 
 4,500 
 
 4,000 
 
 Halton . . 
 
 Peel 
 
 York. 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 
 251,718 
 
 3,483,000 
 
 2,310,000 
 
 186,000 
 
39 
 
 Bubal Population of the Province, etc. — Gontirvmd. 
 
 OOUNTIBB. 
 
 Population 
 in 1881. 
 
 Acres 
 occupied. 
 
 Acres 
 cleared. 
 
 Acres in 
 Pall Wheat. 
 
 St Lawrence cmd Ottawa Grmip : 
 
 • 
 
 26,061 
 ' 25,335 
 17,735 
 16,801 
 18,730 
 22,221 
 20,094 
 13,080 
 35,257 
 30,171 
 24,009 
 
 660,000 
 515,000 
 270000 
 240,000 
 250,000 
 285,000 
 280,000 
 200,000 
 560,000 
 780,000 
 610,000 
 
 212,000 
 235,000 
 130,000 
 126,000 
 123,000 
 133,000 
 105,000 
 48,000 
 285,000 
 220,000 
 225,000 
 
 5, .300 
 
 Leeds 
 
 4,000 
 6,000 
 6,300 
 2,500, 
 3,000 
 100 
 1,200 
 
 Granville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 
 8,000 
 5,500 
 
 
 Lanark , • 
 
 5,500 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 249,494 
 
 4,650,000 
 
 1,842,000 
 
 47,400 
 
 
 Mast Midland Group : 
 
 32,215 
 
 20,834 
 
 6,431 
 
 32,218 
 
 600,000 
 520,000 
 130,000 
 820,000 
 
 250,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 22,000 
 
 395,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 13,000 
 
 200 
 
 9,000 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 90,698 , 
 
 2,070,000 
 
 867,000 
 
 32,200 
 
 
 
 Summary of Population and Acreage Returns. 
 
 OouNTT Groups. 
 
 Population 
 in 1881. 
 
 Acres 
 occupied 
 
 Acres 
 cleared. 
 
 Acres in 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 
 148,128 
 173,398 
 124,053 
 239,222 
 251,718 
 249,494 
 90,698 
 47,524 
 
 2,235,000 
 2,316,000 
 2,150,000 
 3,246,000 
 3,483,000 
 4,650,000 
 2,070,000 
 
 1.049,000 
 1,211,000 
 
 960,000 
 2,025,000 
 2,310,000 
 1,8*2,000 
 
 867,000 
 
 211,000 
 
 
 248,500 
 
 Geor&rian Bav GrouB 
 
 84,000 
 
 West Midland GrouD 
 
 340,000 
 
 
 186,000 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa Group — 
 £ast Midland GrouD 
 
 47,400 
 32,200 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,324,235 
 
 20,150,000 
 
 10,264,000 
 
 1,149,100 
 
 
 
40 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL TABLES. 
 
 The month of April has been colder than the average in Ontario. Opening fine and spring-like, with thunder 
 storms and rains in some localities, a rapid change occurred about the 9th, the temperature falling oonslderabl? 
 below the average, accompanied by high squally winds, mostly from the north and north-west, with snow. A 
 slight improvement occurred from the 16th to the 19th— the warmest day of the month falling in that time, A 
 rapid change took place in the forenoon of the 20th, and to the end of the month continued cold, with keen, 
 blustery winds, sbarp frosts and ice occurring almost every night. The fall of rain and snow has also fallen short oi • 
 the average, the defect in the several districts as given in the April table being 0.50 in., 0.16 in., l.li in., and 0.57 in, 
 
 Summary of the fall of Rain and melted Snow during the month of April, 1882, with the 
 number of days on which Eain or Snow fell, and the number of days on which the 
 fall exceeded 0.10 inches. Compiled at the Meteorological Office, Toronto. 
 
 West and Socth-Wbst Distbiot. 
 
 Depth of Rain 
 
 and 
 Melted Snow, 
 
 No. of 
 Days. 
 
 Number of 
 
 Days when the 
 
 fall Was 
 
 above 0.10. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Windsor High School. 
 Slmcoe " " 
 Goderich " " . 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Strathroy , 
 
 Port Stanley , 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 Stratford High School 
 
 Grauton 
 
 Lucan , 
 
 Listowel 
 
 Elora 
 
 Brantf ord 
 
 Coneatogo 
 
 Mean of District. 
 
 Observer. 
 
 A Sinclair, M. A 
 
 Eev. G. Grant, B.A 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A 
 
 G.HesB 
 
 Prof. Woolverton, B.A 
 
 T. S. Challoner 
 
 M. Payne i 
 
 H. Morgan 
 
 C. J.-Macgregor, M. A. . . . 
 
 J. Grant 
 
 G. Cathcart 
 
 A. Kay 
 
 W. La Peuotiere 
 
 F. W. Mclntyre 
 
 Dr. Fassmore 
 
 Noeth-Wbst and Noeth Distbiot. 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Owen Sound 
 
 Presque Isle 
 
 Manitowaning . . . 
 Fenetanguishene . 
 
 Saugeen 
 
 Kincardine 
 
 Point Claa:k .... 
 
 Orillia 
 
 . Georgina 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 Barrie 
 
 MoKellar 
 
 Egremont 
 
 Mean of District. 
 
 Eev. 'E.' Mo'sley 
 
 J. McLfeod 
 
 John McKenzie 
 
 W.J.Tucker 
 
 Eev. J. McBride 
 
 Mrs. Stewart 
 
 Dr. Martyn 
 
 J. Ifonng. 
 
 H. A. Fitton 
 
 Captain Sibbald, E.N 
 
 J. HoUingworth 
 
 T. M. Eobinson, M.A. 
 
 H. B. Spotton 
 
 B. W. Taylor ■ 
 
 J. W. Stevenson 
 
 Cbntbal Distbiot. 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 Credit 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Guelph 
 
 Brampton 
 
 Hamilton High School 
 Georgetown 
 
 Mean of District.. 
 
 J. R. Bsten 
 
 Dr. Dixie 
 
 Observatory 
 
 J. H. Panton 
 
 J. Eeynolds 
 
 G. Dickson, B.A 
 J. Barber 
 
 0.80 
 1.35 
 1.66 
 3.21 
 
 1.57 
 1.39 
 2.04 
 2.56 
 1.35 
 1.06 
 1.10 
 
 "i!53' 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.66 
 2.66 
 3.84 
 
 'i.'58' 
 2.70 
 
 'i'.iiS 
 1.51 
 1.09 
 2.23 
 2.05 
 0.95 
 0.73 
 0.73 
 
 1.77 
 
 1.10 
 0.99 
 1.00 
 1.37 
 
 '6."52' 
 1.67 
 
 1.11 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 12 
 11 
 
 1^ 
 7 
 4 
 
 '4 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 10 
 
41 
 
 Summary of the fall of Rain and melted Snow during the month of April. — Continued. 
 
 East and North-East Distkiot. 
 
 Depth of Kain 
 
 and 
 Melted Snow. 
 
 No. of 
 Days. 
 
 Number of 
 
 Days when the 
 
 fall was 
 
 above 0.10. 
 
 Station. 
 Cornwall High School 
 
 Observer. 
 J. Smith, M.A .... 
 
 1.30 
 1.33 
 1.04 
 1.12 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9" 
 16 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Lakefield 
 
 J. H. Le Fevre 
 
 4 . 
 
 
 T. Beal 
 
 3 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Rev. J. McCleary 
 
 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A 
 
 Gr. Dickinson 
 
 1.32 
 
 5 
 
 Zion 
 
 
 
 
 1.61 
 2.0.') 
 1.81 
 
 5 
 
 Eookliffe ... 
 
 W. H. Mclntyre 
 
 T. Kosmark 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 Northcote .... 
 
 
 
 Mean of District 
 
 i.47 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Mean Temperature for April, at certain Collegiate Institutes in Ontario, divided into 
 five-day periods ; also the mean for the month. 
 
 Five-Dat Periods. 
 
 4 
 
 s 
 
 ^ 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 "§1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 Ph 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Ist to 5th 
 
 40.5 
 37.6 
 33.7 
 45.3 
 37.9 
 41.9 
 
 
 
 50.2 
 
 42.7 
 
 34.0 
 
 48.3, 
 
 42.9 
 
 ■47.9 
 
 46.1 
 41.1 
 .33.5 
 45.5 
 40.6 
 45.0 
 
 44.4 
 
 36.7 
 .SO. 9 
 42.3 
 38.3 
 41.7 
 
 47.2 
 38.8 
 34.2 
 50.6 
 41.3 
 45.0 
 
 
 
 38.0 
 35.8 
 33.6 
 48.5 
 40.2 
 44.5 
 
 38.8 
 34.3 
 32.1 
 46.0 
 39.0 
 42.0 
 
 
 
 33.2 
 33.3 
 33.6 
 44.2 
 36.9 
 42.6 
 
 33 4 
 
 6th to 10th 
 
 32 6 
 
 nth to 15th 
 
 16th to 20th 
 
 30.4 
 42 4 
 
 21st to 25th 
 
 35 5 
 
 26th to 30th 
 
 40 5 
 
 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 39.5 
 
 44.3 
 
 42.0 
 
 39.1 
 
 42.9 
 
 40.1 
 
 .38.7 
 
 37.3 
 
 35.8 
 
 Proportion of Sunshine registered in each hour of the day during which the sun was 
 
 above the horizon in April. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hours Endinq 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 a.m. 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 11 Noon. 
 
 1 
 
 1p.m. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 7 p.m. 
 
 
 0.21 
 ,0.32 
 
 0.43 
 .44 
 
 0.44 
 .48 
 
 0.47 
 .47 
 
 1 
 0..53 0.46 
 
 0.49 
 .63 
 
 0.50 
 
 .58 
 
 0.45 
 
 46 
 
 0.39 
 .60 
 
 0.46 
 .57 
 
 0.46 0.23 
 
 
 .54 
 
 ..56 
 
 .58 .61 
 
 .40 
 
 .21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean proportion for month, constant sunshine being represented by 1 : Woodstock, 
 0.43; Toronto, 0.50. 
 4 
 
42 
 
 SuMMATiY of Meteorological Observations at certain Collegiate Institutes in Ontario 
 during the quarter ending 31st March, 1882. 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 .s 
 
 § 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 
 CQ 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 g 
 
 o 
 
 •s 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 o 
 
 „ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ■January 
 
 Highest Temperature ■{ February . . . 
 
 47.1 
 
 54.3 
 
 52.8 
 
 47.1 
 
 .53.0 
 
 46.2 
 
 45.1 
 
 41.6 
 
 50.6 
 
 57.1 
 
 59.3 
 
 49.2 
 
 54.8 
 
 51.7 
 
 55.1 
 
 51.6 
 
 .March 
 
 51.6 
 
 64.9 
 
 60.3 
 
 56.2 1 61.8 
 
 54.7 
 
 53.1 
 
 49.3 
 
 .'January 
 
 -35.9 
 
 l.O 
 
 -12.5 
 
 -31.0 
 
 -11.3 
 
 -33.1 
 
 -29.3 
 
 -40.7 
 
 Lowest Temperature ■ February. . . 
 
 0.8 
 
 14.7 
 
 10.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 10.8 
 
 1.1 
 
 -7.3 
 
 -12.7 
 
 March 
 
 -6.6 
 
 19.2 
 
 11.5 
 
 11.3 
 
 12. p 
 
 4.1 
 
 -1.0 
 
 -15.5 
 
 'January 
 
 in. 
 
 0.21 
 
 2 
 
 in. 
 
 0.86 
 
 5 
 
 in. 
 
 1.28 
 
 7 
 
 in. 
 
 0.99 
 
 5 
 
 in. 
 
 1.56 
 
 8 
 
 in. 
 
 1.60 
 
 2 
 
 in. 
 
 0.95 
 
 2 
 
 in. 
 1.15 
 2 
 
 Amount of Rain and No. of Days . . ■{ February. . . 
 
 0.19 
 5 
 
 1.23 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 2.00 
 8 
 
 1.48 
 
 7 
 
 1.76 
 10 
 
 0.95 
 2 
 
 0.49 
 5 
 
 0.47 
 3 
 
 ' 
 
 March 
 
 0.44 
 4 
 
 2.31 
 
 ,7 
 
 0.86 
 9 
 
 2.63 
 9 
 
 2.15 
 7 
 
 4.20 
 4 
 
 1.39 
 8 
 
 0.77 
 5 
 
 
 January 
 
 42.5 
 IS 
 
 5.5 
 3 
 
 3.5 
 5 
 
 26.8 
 13 
 
 4.0 
 10 
 
 15.1 
 10 
 
 22.3 
 13 
 
 16.8 
 7 
 
 Amount of Snow and No. of Bays. . - 
 
 i 
 
 February... 
 
 12.8 
 8 
 
 2.5 
 3 
 
 1.0 
 2 
 
 8.3 
 7 
 
 7.6 
 11 
 
 7.3 
 5 
 
 11.6 
 16 
 
 8.5 
 5 
 
 (..March 
 
 16.4 
 12 
 
 6.5 
 8 
 
 7.4 
 5 
 
 8.5 
 10 
 
 7.0 
 5 
 
 2.5 
 2 
 
 14.9 
 8 
 
 18.5 
 4 
 
 Summary of Kain and Snow in inches during the three months ending 31st March, for 
 the several districts in Ontario, with the differences from the average and the aggre- 
 gate for the quarter. 
 
 January . 
 February 
 March . . . 
 
 January 
 February 
 March . . . 
 
 Quarter . 
 
 S. AND 
 
 S.-W. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 1.44 
 
 -0.23 
 
 1.66 
 
 +0.69 
 
 2.74 
 
 +0.82 
 
 9.5 
 
 -7.2 
 
 4.3 
 
 -6.2 
 
 13.1 
 
 -4.7 
 
 8.53 
 
 -0.53 
 
 N.-W. AND N. 
 
 Hain. 
 
 m. 
 1.08 
 0.69 
 1.96 
 
 in. 
 
 +0.38 
 +0.31 
 +0.90 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Centeal. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 1.22 
 
 +0.60 
 
 1.18 
 
 +0.58 
 
 1.58 
 
 +0.15 
 
 E. AND N.-E. 
 
 20.4 
 11.7 
 16.4 
 
 -5.2 
 -2.8 
 -5.5 
 
 7.8 
 5.4 
 4.6 
 
 -7.6 
 
 -6.5 
 
 -18.5 
 
 Total Precipitation. 
 8.58 I +0.24 I 5.76 I -1.93 
 
 m. 
 0.96 
 0.95 
 1.23 
 
 20.7 
 10.6 
 12.6 
 
 7.53 
 
 in. 
 +0.12 
 +0.37 
 +0.24 
 
 +1.3 
 -5,2 
 -8.3 
 
 -0.49 
 
AGEICULTURAL RETURNS: 
 
 JULY, iSSS. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CEREAL CROPS OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The returns presented in this Report of the Bureau embrace statistics of the grain 
 crops and wool product of Ontario, collected on the 31st of May, and the condition of 
 grain crops, meadows and fruit, as shown by information collected on the 1st of July, 
 
 The data for grain and wool statistics have been obtained, with the co-operation of 
 the school teachers of the Province, direct from the farmers. Schedules were distributed 
 through the schools to occupiers of five acres or upwards, with the request that they 
 should be filled iu and returned to the teachers on the 31st of May. School section 
 reports were prepared by the teachers, and these together with the schedules were for- 
 warded to the Bureau for revision and further tabulation by townships and counties. The 
 work of the teachers, it is but simple justice to say, has been as a whole very satisfactorily 
 and very cheerfally done. Many of the reports are models of neatness and accuracy. 
 
 It was not expected that the system would move like clock-work from the start, or 
 that the objects aimed at by the Bureau would be thoroughly understood or appreciated 
 by every one. The experience of other countries gave good reason to fear that there 
 would be prejudices to overcome, and in the Circular to farmers these were to some extent 
 anticipated. The aim and scope of the Bureau as expressed by the Act were briefly 
 stated, and assurance was given that individual returns would be, treated in confidence, 
 that they would be published only in bulk form with other returns, and that their collection 
 had nothing whatever to do with taxes or the assessment of property. 
 
 But it takes time and patience to remove deep-rooted prejudices. Some farmers 
 refused to give information because they feared the Bureau was a new invention to 
 impose taxes ; others because they suspected it was a political " dodge '' in election time ; 
 and others because of a dislike to tell what they possess. There was, too, a difficulty in 
 making estimates of produce at the date of the returns, owing to the backwardness of 
 vegetation. 
 
 Partly for these reasons, partly on account of the heavy task of compiling a report 
 for the whole Province from a mass of details, some delay has occurred in presenting the 
 final results. The reports of the school sections, numerous as they were, had necessarily 
 to be supplemented by estimates, and this imposed additional labour. 
 
 It is not claimed that the statistics are complete. They are not accurate, like the 
 entries in an account book, but it is believed that if they err at all it is not on the side of 
 excess. Thoy present at all events the only full return of the acreage of cereal crops 
 hitherto made in Ontario. 
 
 The estimates of produce are valuable as the work of farmers who have a knowledge 
 gained by years of observation on their own lands. They may or may not be verified by 
 results ; much depends on the condition of the weather between the date of the returns 
 and harvest-time. Thus far the weather has been favourable, and it is not at all impro- 
 bable that the farmers' estimates will be exceeded. 
 
 The condition of grain crops, meadows and fruit on the 1st of July is compiled from 
 the reports of five hundred correspondents, made on that date, and covering nearly every 
 township in the Province. These reports give additional ralue to the estimates of pro- 
 
duce made one month earlier, for they show as regards cereals and meadows that there 
 ■was a steady improvement throughout the month. 
 
 The summary of acreages shows that there is this year a very large area under cereals, 
 iihe total being nearly 5,000,000 acres. Wheat takes the lead, with 1,763,876 acres ; oats 
 oome next, occupying 1,425,948 acres ; barley is third, 835,466 acres ; peas fourth, 554,- 
 464 acres ; corn fifth, 210,080 acres ; and rye sixth, 182,968 acres. 
 
 The area under fall wheat is 1,179,284 acres, and under spring wheat, 584,592 acres, 
 with an estimated produce respectively of 21,737,341 and 9,046,343 bushels. This is a great 
 relative change since 1870, when the total area was 1,365,872 acres, and the product 
 7,891,989 bushels of spring wheat and 6,341,460 bushels of fall wheat. The change has 
 taken place chiefly in the West Midland, Georgian Bay and Lake Huron counties. In 
 the last named group in 1870 the total produce of spring wheat was 1,161,341 bushels, 
 and of fall wheat 343,553 bushels, or in the proportion of 3-38 to 1 ; the estimated pro- 
 duce for this year is 533,316 bushels of spring wheat, and 3,598,243 bushels of fall wheat, 
 or in the proportion of 1 to 6 "7 5. 
 
 The fall wheat is reported very good on 1st July throughout the western half of the 
 Province. It has recovered admirably from the efifects of spring frqsts, and if the weather 
 continues favouraWe until the harvesting the yield will be better than an average. In 
 the eastern half the reports are less favourable. In the St. Ltiwrence and Ottawa counties 
 there will be not more than half a crop. It must be remarked, however, that eastward 
 of York county a much greater area of spring wheat is grown than of fall wheat, and the 
 condition of spring wheat is reported excellent. Assuming that the estimated produce is 
 fairly realized, and that the crop is safely harvested, Ontario will have a surplus for ont- 
 aide markets of fully 20,000,000 bushels. 
 
 Oats promise to be an excellent crop in all sections of the Province, and barley and 
 peas fairly good. The heavy rains of May and June, while favourable to the former 
 grain, were somewhat injurious to the latter ; but the warm days of the last two weeks of 
 June caused all crops to thrive wonderfully. The season is one of slow maturity for 
 cereals, and harvest time will be fully two weeks later than usual. Corn seems destined 
 to be a failure ; the temperature has been too low for it. 
 
 The clover crop will be short in consequence of the plant having been heaved by 
 spring frosts ; in many districts it has been ruined. Timothy meadows had a late start 
 as the result of a cold May, but they picked up finely throughout June, and the crop will 
 not fall far short of an average. 
 
 Fruit has suffered severely throughout the western counties, the cold weather and 
 east winds which followed the blossoming season having blighted it. In the eastern 
 counties the trees came later into bloom, and apples especially promise to be a large crop. 
 There will be a scarcity of peaches and plums, but small fruit is abundant. 
 
 The wool statistics are incomplete, and the figures will doubtless be considerably 
 increased by later and revised returns. They are interesting, however, as showing, first, 
 the high average of wool clip that has been attained through years of careful breeding ; 
 and, secondly, that (in obedience to what appears to be an inexorable demand of fashion) 
 Ontario farmers have already made some progress in the change from coarse-wooUed to 
 flne-woolled breeds. 
 
 The report on the Weather has been compilefl at the Central Meteorological Office. 
 ■It is unnecessary- to say that it is both valuable and complete. The Weather must 
 always occupy an important place in the economy of crops, and it is very desirable that 
 we should have a scientific record of it in connection with the Crop Reports. 
 
 Bureau of Industries, 
 Toronto,, July 12, 1882. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
DIGEST OF THE REPORTS. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 The reports of correspondents in the Lake Erie counties are favourable for an abvm- 
 dsint harvest of fall wheat. The crop has greatly improved since the date of the May 
 returns, especially in Haldimand and Welland, where it was badly injured by spring frosts. 
 In those counties a number of fields were ploughed up, and the outlook for the whole 
 crop seemed to be discouraging. But it revived steadily throughout June, and hopes are 
 entertained now that the yield will be fully seventy-five per cent, of an average. In 
 Norfolk, Elgin, Kent and Essex the promise is more cheering than for many years ; 
 " never better," " looks extremely well," " equals if not surpasses any crop we ever raised," 
 " condition splendid," — such are the remarks of many correspondents. Owing to the 
 rank growth of straw, and to recent rains, the wheat has lodged in some localities, but it 
 has headed out well. No damage by insects is reported, and the general condition of the 
 plant is vigorous and healthy. A correspondent in Bayham, Elgin county, notes a blight 
 of the top section of the stem, which he says will cause a loss of a sixth of the crop in that 
 locality. Maturity having been retarded by the cold weather of May and the first half 
 of June, the harvest will be fully two weeks later than usual — ranging from the 10th of 
 July in Essex and the western townships of Kent to the 20th in the eastern counties. 
 On dry, lively soils the grain will be ready for the reaper a few days earlier. Very little 
 spring wheat is grown in those counties, but it is reported in a thrifty state. 
 
 The cold weather and frequent rains of May and June, though favourable to wheat, 
 oats and grasses, proved to be a serious drawback to barley, peas and corn. Oats con- 
 tinued to thrive steadily, and the crop will be unusually heavy if it escape rust or blight. 
 On loamy soils fears are entertained that it will lodge badly. Peas are not grown very 
 extensively, owing to the ravages of the bug, and the area of barley is less than it was a 
 few years ago. These crops made very little growth throughout May, and many fields 
 were scalded by rains. But with the fine weather of the latter part of June rapid growth 
 has been made, and hopes are expressed that a fair harvest may yet be reaped. Some 
 fields of oats and barley in Essex will be ripe for cutting by the 10th of July, but the har- 
 vest will not become general earlier than the 20th. Peas will be a few days later. Ita 
 old enemy, the bug, has appeared in strong force. All the reports agree on the com 
 crop ; the wet and cold weather affected it very injuriously. Up to the middle of June 
 it made little growth, and many fields had to be replanted. Since that time it has made 
 fair progress. Kent reports say that beans in that county will be less than half a crop. 
 Although there were occasional frosts throughout May and June, they do not appear to 
 have done any injury to those crops. Many correspondents remark that the worst dam- 
 age this season has been sustained on low and undrained lands ; the best spring crops are 
 on high or well-drained lands. The lesson to the farmer is obvious. 
 
 Meadows have improved to a surprising degree. In Essex and Kent there will be a 
 heavy crop of timothy, and clover is good where it was not injured by spring frosts. 
 Good accounts also come from Elgin, but in that county clover will he light. Soma 
 clover meadows were cut on the 26th of June, and the bulk of the crop will be housed by 
 the 10th July. Timothy meadows were still growing finely at the date of the reports. 
 The yield in those counties will range from one and a half to two tons per acre. For the 
 eastern counties the reports are less favourable, although the crops are much better than 
 was'promised early in the season. The yield will range from three-quarters to a ton and 
 a half per acre. In some townships of Norfolk the midge attacked the clover, destroying 
 the blossom, so that the crop has not matured. Timothy will be a good average. The 
 acreage of meadows is less than usual this year, as many clover fields were ploughed np 
 in the spring. This is an important factor in making any estimate of the total product. 
 
The fruit crop is disappointing. There was an abundance of blossom, but the cold 
 rains, east winds and occasional frosts have had a blighting effect. The reports from 
 Essex differ widely. In some townships the apple, pear and peach trees are full of fruit, 
 while in others the crop will be light. In the neighbourhood of Leamington peach trees 
 have lost both leaf and fruit ; in some other sections there is promise of abundanca 
 Small fruit is plentiful. The prospect in Kent is much the same. Peach and cherry 
 trees are turning yellow, and the fruit is dropping off. An extensive fruit-grower near 
 Chatham reports that " fruit is very poor^ — almost a total failure on account of east winds 
 and rain during the blossom season." In the neighbourhood of Eidgetown the peach crop 
 will not be more than enough for local demands. Apples promise well, but some orchards 
 are blighted. On the lake shore of Raleigh apples are reported good, and cherries and 
 peaches medium. Favourable reports are made from the townships north of the Thames. 
 In Elgin the peach crop is a total failure ; apples are dropping off, and cherries are wormy ; 
 small fruits are fairly good. In Norfolk the crop of all kinds of large fruit will be 
 moderate. There are no peaches, the blossom buds having been killed by an ice storm in ' 
 the winter. The leaves of apple and peach trees are withering. The plum and pear 
 trees promise a large crop in Walaingham, and about half a crop in the neighbourhood of 
 Simcoe. A Windham report says that fruit will be abundant in that township. Straw- 
 berries, currants and gooseberries are good generally throughout the county. Haldimand' 
 reports are less favourable, but there is a promise of a fair crop of plums, pears and small' 
 fruit. The apple crop has been injured by frost and blight. In Welland there will be 
 a good crop of plums. Peaches, apples and cherries are a failure. " The heavy rains and' 
 east winds when the trees were in bloom prevented the fruit from setting," a Pelham cor- 
 respondent says. Another says : " Too much wet — that's it boiled down." Small fruit 
 is plentiful. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 This group includes the counties bordering on the shore of Lake Huron, via. : 
 Lambton, Huron and Bruce. 
 
 Fall wheat promises to be an abundant crop, though in a few limited localities spring 
 frosts are mentioned as likely to reduce the yield. In a few instances, too, wheat is 
 reported to have "lodged" badly by reason of continuous heavy rains. Spring wheat is 
 almost invariably mentioned as promising " an average crop," but the harvest of this and 
 other spring grains will be considerably later than usual. 
 
 The prospects are that the yield of oats, barley and peas will be above the average. 
 Many correspondents in the County of Bruce and the northern part of Huron say that 
 the frost and cold winds of May and the early part of June made the outlook for all 
 spring grains anything but cheering, but in nearly every instance they report that the 
 genial growing weather which followed has completely altered the prospect. Only to a 
 very limited extent did the unfavourable weather of early summer prove fatal to the 
 spring crops, and then only on low-lying fields. 
 
 The warm rains of the latter half of June had a most beneficial effect on meadows, 
 and ,the prospects are that the hay crop will be about an average. 
 
 The apple crop will be almost a failure in many localities, owing to what is described 
 as a blight which caused the fruit to drop -just after setting. The reports as to other 
 fruits are also rather unfavourable, except with regard to currants and small fruits gener- 
 ally, for which the prospects are excellent. 
 
 GEORGIAN BAY COUNTIES. 
 
 In this section of the Province, which comprises the counties of Grey and Simcoe, 
 the cultivation of grain crops, principally wheat, is followed to a greater extent than in' 
 districts to the south and west, where a system of mixed husbandry more generally pre- 
 vails. A large acreage is sown with fall wheat, and the appearance of the crop is almost' 
 invariably reported as being excellent. The season during April and May was peculiarly 
 trying to fall wheat, owing to the successive thawing and freezing to which it' was sub^ 
 
jected, and the . prevalence of cold nortli -winds ; and though the crop appears to have 
 gustained no permanent damage from these causes it made very little progress in the way 
 of growth during that time. But, under the influence of the warm weather and the genial 
 rains of the month of June, the wheat plants, still well rooted and healthy, grew rapidly, ' 
 and the crop has recovered, in a large measure, from the backward condition which pre- 
 vailed during the months of spring. The fields are uniformly well covered, and the plants 
 have a thrifty appearance. One farmer in Grey says, " fall wheat, splendid ; never looked 
 better," and a few others in both counties estimate that it will be above the average in 
 their respective localities j but the majority count on an average crop, and in a few cases 
 slightly under the average, f ronj present appearances. In a few cases, on heavy and 
 undrained soils, the crop has suffered from the recent rains and the occasional frosts which 
 visit low-lying districts, but the amount of injury is proportionately small. Fall wheat is 
 now well out in head, but the harvest will be later than usual, and can hardly be expected to 
 begin before August 1st. There is no appearance of rust, or damage from insects of any kind. 
 
 Spring wheat shows marked improvement with the recent favourable weather, and it 
 bids fair to be almost, if not quite, an average crop from present appearances. " Looking 
 well, but late," is the almost invariable report, and the spring wheat harvest will be rela-' 
 tively much later than even that for fall wheat. In one or two districts the crop is 
 suffering from the ravages of the wire worm. The best reports on this crop come from 
 high and drained soils, on which the benefits of the recent abundant rains are enjoyed in 
 the grea^st measure. Very little spring wheat is grown in several important sections of 
 the southern part of this group, fall wheat being found to be more certain and profitable. 
 
 The prospect for barley, oats, peas and other spring grains is also reported improving 
 as the season advances. In many instances, owing to the unfavourable spring season, the 
 fields which were sown very early do not now give as good promise as those in which the 
 seed had less time to remain in the ground before the long-looked-for season of vegetation 
 arrived. On heavy clays, however, late sown grains have not done so well. In the 
 northern portion of this group, where oats and peas are largely grown, the appearance of 
 the crop in most cases is exceedingly promising. A considerable acreage is devoted to 
 the growth of barley throughout both counties. This crop will be short in the straw, and 
 it is heading out very unevenly. On the whole, from about one-half of this entire dis- 
 trict present appearances indicate a full average crop of coarse grains, while in the remain- 
 ing sections the prospect is not so favourable. 
 
 Very little injury to grain crops has resulted from summer frosts, or climatic causes 
 other than the extreme lateness of the opening of the season of vegetation. In some 
 parts of the townships of Proton and Adjala, and in a few other localities where the 
 situation is unfavourable, barley and oats in the tender blade have been nipped by June 
 frosts, but no serious damage has been felt, and, as one correspondent says, "it has'been 
 more than compensated for by the rains and warm weather which followed." In other 
 instances early sown peas, which are peculiarly susceptible to injury, have been chilled by 
 the coldness of the May season, and have failed to germinate. In a few cases low-lying 
 fields have been partially or totally drowned out by the excessive rains. Grubs and cut 
 worms have appeared in considerable numbers in one or two places, but no serious attacks 
 from insect enemies have been observed. 
 
 The reports as to the promise of the hay crop are varied, but on the whole they arc 
 not encouraging. From nearly every section the complaint comes that clover plants were 
 almost all killed by the severe frosts of winter, and the growth of grass was greatly 
 retarded by the unfavourable weather of spring. Old meadows, in particular, are light, 
 and the only hope for a fair yield of hay is from fields which have been comparatively 
 newly seeded down. In many places meadows are not expected to yield half a crop, even 
 where seeded with timothy. In a few localities hay will be quite up to, and in some 
 cases above the average, and the lengthening of the season with the recent favourable 
 weather will everywhere prove of benefit. 
 
 Vegetation in general has been very rapid during the past five or six weeks, and 
 pastures, vegetables, and root crops have made surprising progress. The period of har- 
 vesting for all crops will, however, be much later than usual, probably from a week to 
 ten days later than that of last year. 
 
The fruit crop gives good promise so far as apples are concerned, but the plum and 
 cherry blossoms were killed by spring frosts, and the Meaford and Owen Sound district, 
 which is justly regarded as the plum garden of the Province, will not have more than onfr- 
 fourth of a crop. In some localities apple blossoms were also injured by frost, and only 
 the hardy varieties will yield anything like a crop. 
 
 g/g^Taken as a whole, the farmers' prospects in this region are good, and an abundant 
 harvest is confidently looked for. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 The group comprises the counties of Middlesex, Oxford, Brant, Perth, Waterloo, 
 Wellington and Dufierin. 
 
 ^^ The reports as to fall wheat show that there will be at least an average yield, though 
 in some localities the sample will be inferior owing to the crop maturing unevenly. On 
 low and ill-drained land a portion of the crop was winter-killed to an extent which cor- 
 respondents describe as leaving the fields "uneven" or "patchy." In some parts of 
 Oxford fall wheat has " lodged " badly, in consequence of the rapid growth which followed 
 the rainy weather of early summer; but the damage from either of these causes is not 
 likely to be serious. The fall wheat harvest, as well as that of other grains, will be from 
 ten days to a fortnight later than usual. 
 
 Little spring wheat is grown in these counties, and the acreage appears to be dimin- 
 ishing yearly. In some parts of Wellington and Perth the ravages of the wire worm are 
 an element to be considered in estimating the product ; but as the reports, with these 
 exceptions, are invariably favourable, an average crop may pretty safely be predicted. 
 
 Other spring grains are reported to be backward, owing to the unfavourable spring 
 weather ; but generally speaking, healthy, with the prospect of a fairly good yield. The 
 last remark will not, however, apply to corn, for its growth appears to have been irre- 
 coverably injured by the cold, damp weather of May and June. In most places oats are 
 said to be so rank in the straw that they are in danger of lodging, while the report from 
 several other correspondents is that they are short in the straw and late, but promise a 
 good yield. The pea crop, barring the ravages of its apparently unconquerable enemy, 
 the bug, gives signs of being considerably above the average, especially in Perth and 
 Wellington. In a few scattered instances correspondents report that peas, especially 
 those sown late, will be below an average yield. Barley has been frost-nipped in a good ' 
 many places, and in others it is reported as " damaged by the cold spring weather." In 
 parts of Oxford and Wellington it is " heading unevenly," so that, notwithstanding the 
 v«ry favourable reports from other parts of the district, the yield wiU probably be slightly 
 below the average both in quantity and quality. The report that on low and undrained land 
 spring crops generally are not far from failures, is a very common one, as, indeed,, might 
 be expected from the character of the season. On the other hand the cool, cloudy weather 
 which followed the rains of early June, appears to have proved a benefit to the crops on 
 the heavier clay soils, as it prevented the land from "baking" as it usually does after 
 long continued rainy weather. Damages by frost are reported in a few instances in Perth 
 and Waterloo, but they are not extensive enough to be a factor of much importance in 
 estimating the year's product. 
 
 Though clover will be considerably below an average crop, it has improved so much 
 since last report that the efiectsof the "heaving" to which it was subjected will not be- any- 
 thing like so serious as was anticipated. Correspondents report that many fields which 
 were ploughed up would have yielded a fair crop. In Perth, Waterloo, Wellington and 
 DuflFerin the hay crop promises to be light; in Middlesex it will be at least an average; 
 and in Oxford and Brant a little below an average. One correspondent in Oxford men- 
 tions that the clover midge is doing damage in his neighbourhood. 
 
 The fruit crop of this district will be considerably below the average. A majority 
 of the reports state that the apple crop will b6 almost a failure owing to the presence of 
 some blight just when the fruit was beginning to set. Plums are also reported to bo a 
 failure in many instances. Small fruits, however, will be a fair crop. 
 
LAKE ONTARIO COUNTIES. 
 
 The above group comprisea the counties of Addington, Durham, Halton, Lennox, 
 Lincoln, Northumberland, Ontario, Peel, Prince Edward, Wentworth and York. 
 
 The condition of the fall wheat crop throughout this district is on the whole 
 considerably below the average. The light snow fall of the past winter left the plants in 
 most cases exposed to the weather, and winter-killing prevailed to a serious extent. As 
 the result, fall wheat fields were nearly all ploughed up in the localities worst affected, 
 and sown with spring grain. Districts lying adjacent to the lake shore appear to have 
 suffered most from winter-killing, and the reports from the counties of Prince Edward, 
 Lennox and Peel are particularly unfavourable. The failure is wholly attributed to the 
 effect of the winter and spring frosts on the unprotected plants, and no serious injury is 
 reported from any other cause; On the other hand, the crop in more favoured localities, 
 as in the counties of Ontario, Northumberland, and some sections of Lincoln, Wentworth 
 and Halton, gives promise of an abundant yield. The majority of reports, hovever, say, 
 " quite below the average," "not half a crop," "not much left, the worst of it being 
 ploughed up in the spring;" though all agree in saying that the recent favourable weather 
 has made a marked improvement in the growth and appearance of the crop, whatever 
 its condition may be. The fall wheat harvest in this district, as elsewhere, will be much 
 later than usual, and will not begin much before the 1st of August. No damage from 
 midge or other insect pest is reported. 
 
 Only a limited acreage of, spring wheat is sown in this district. Owing to the 
 lateness of the season, spring grain had not begun to head out at the time of the receipt 
 of these reports, and had not therefore arrived at the most precarious period of growth, 
 wlien the danger from rust, midge, storms, and various forms of blight hate to be 
 encountered. In all sections the present appearance of the crop is healthy and vigorous, 
 and the indications are that, barring unforeseen contingencies, it will be at least up to the 
 average in yield. 
 
 The outlook for coarse grains in this district is good, and gives promise of a more 
 than average yield if the growing and ripening season continues favourable. The warm 
 rains of the closing days of May and the beginning of June gave a great impetus to the 
 growing crops, especially on light soils and where the drainage was sufficient to carry off 
 the surface water. In the County of Halton there is an unusually large acreage sown 
 with coarse grains, and all look well. " Splendid," " haVe seldom seen better," and similar 
 reports come from this and other of the most favoured counties. Owing to the prevalence 
 of the pea bug this crop is not grown to any extent in Durham, Northumberland, Prince 
 Edward and some other counties, and barley is largely substituted for it. In Princ« 
 Edward, which has become noted as a barley county, the reports are very encouraging. 
 This crop is now well out in head, and presents a tolerably even appearance, and an average 
 length of stalk. A favourable sign is the uniformity of the reports as to the healthy 
 colour of the barley crop, indicating that it has successfully passed over the danger from 
 " scalding," which comes from excessive moisture and slow vegetation. Oats are every- 
 where in good condition. Wire worms are at work in one or two localities, but their 
 ravages are not serious. The harvest for barley, oats and peas will, in keeping with the 
 season generally, be considerably later than usual. 
 
 Since the advent of the growing season, which farmers had almost despaired of seeing 
 at all, grain crops of all kinds have made remarkable progress in this region, and have 
 gone far toward recovering the time which was lost in the spring. Everywhere the 
 country was visited with abundance of rain, and in many cases the conclusion of the 
 planting season was delayed thereby. Considerable complaint is heard that rains have 
 been too heavy on clay soils, resulting in more or less injury to the growing crops. Indian 
 corn in some cases failed to germinate, and peas became discoloured. In a few districts, 
 particularly in some portions of the counties of Ontario, Prince Edward and Addington, 
 late frosts inflicted damage more or less serious on the young plants, and particularly on 
 barley, but the injury proved to be only temporary. 
 
10 
 
 The hay crop throughout these counties will be confined to timothy and other 
 grasses, owing to the fact that the frosts of the past winter and spring almost totally 
 destroyed the clover. Farmers were obliged in spring to plough up many fields on which 
 they had secured a good catch of clover, and much disappointment was the result. 
 Timothy meadows present a varied appearance, giving more than average promise in some 
 localities-, while in others, such as the counties of Prince Edward, Lennox and Addington, 
 not more than half a crop is expected. The clover midge has appeared in one or two 
 sections, and is seriously injuring the little clover left by the winter frost. 
 
 The outlook for an abundant apple crop in this district is uniformly good. Other 
 fruits do not promise so well, and plums in particular are almost totally destroyed by the 
 late spring frosts. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE. AND OTTAWA COUNTIES. 
 
 Winter wheat throughout the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties was greatly in- 
 jured by winter exposure and spring frosts, and many fields have been ploughed up and, 
 re-sown with spring grain. The area under crop, never large in this district of Ontario, 
 is consequently less this year than usual, and the yield will range from one-third to one- 
 half of an average crop. Spring wheat is more extensively grown, and all the correspon- 
 dents write hopefully of its condition. Its growth was retarded for a few weeks by exces- 
 sive rains and cold weather, but during the latter part of June it made excellent progress. 
 It is heavy and of good colour, and the prospects for a large crop were never better. On 
 low lands it has been injured to some extent by the rains, but on light or well-drained 
 soils the weather appears to have been "just right," as one correspondent expresses it. In 
 Carleton the crop "is almost too rank." The wire worm has done considerable injury in 
 Glengarry, Prescott and Russell, and the grub in one township of Glengarry. Some 
 harm was done by frosts on the 10th and 29th of June in Renfrew and Stormont, but 
 as the wheat was not headed out the effects are not serious. 
 
 There is every indication of a large yield of oats, barley and peas. In low places the 
 crops have been somewhat injured by the wet weather, especially the barley and peas, 
 but they are steadily improving under the influence of warmer and more settled weather. 
 " There has been too much rain for low lands " is the common remark of correspondents. 
 In rich, heavy lands there is a tendency to lodge. The most favourable reports are re- 
 ceived from Lanark and Renfrew, where the crops appear to be uniformly good. In 
 Dnndas, Stormont and Glengarry the wire worm has left many fields with bald patches. 
 Corn is a poor crop. 
 
 The hay crop is light, though improving under favourable weather. Clover was 
 rooted out by spring frosts, and timothy sufiered to some extent from the same agency. 
 In addition, there was little growing weather throughout May, and it was well on towards 
 the close of that month before the meadows got a start. Throughout June they continued 
 to make fair progress, and at the date of the reports were in good growing condition. 
 Old meadows will not yield more than half a crop, and the new ones less than an average. 
 In "Renfrew the new clover meadows are reported very good. In Lanark the farmers 
 have sown millet or Hungarian grass to supplement their supply of hay fodder. 
 
 Haying will not begin earlier than the 20th of July, and wheat harvesting not earlier 
 than the first week of August. Peas and barley will be cut a few days earlier in some 
 localities. 
 
 Although less favourable for fruit-growing than other sections of Ontario, the reports 
 for the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties this year are surprisingly good. The trees 
 were so late in blossoming that the fruit appears to have almost entirely escaped the 
 blight which has so seriously damaged the crop throughout the west. There is the pro- 
 mise of an abundance of apples in all but the extreme northern counties, and along the St 
 Lawrence especially " the prospect is all that could be desired." In Prescott, on the 
 Ottawa, many trees have been winter-killed, but it is expected that there will be an average 
 crop. In North Burgess, Lanark county, considerable damage has been done by a storm 
 of hail. There was a fair show of plums, but the fruit is being attacked by the cur^ 
 culio. Strawberries have suffered from winter exposure and spring frosts, and the crop 
 is consequently light. Small fruit is plentiful. 
 
11 
 
 EAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 This group, which includes the counties of Victoria, Peterborough, Haliburton and 
 Hastings, is situated, for the most part, in a comparatively newly settled section of the 
 Province. The undulating character of the country, a rich loamy soil, and an abundance 
 of good water, combine to render it well adapted for grazing and stock-raising as well as 
 for the production of cereals. Fall wheat is -grown to a considerable extent in many sections 
 of this district, and the reports, with few exceptions, speak in most encouraging terms of 
 the prospect of a good yield. Only in a few of the older and more exposed localities 
 has it been injured by winter-killing ; the moderate snowfall and the greater facilities 
 for shelter which are always found in new districts having generally afforded sufficient 
 protection. In several sections of the Counties of Hastings and Haliburton very little 
 fall wheat is sown, and what there is is reported as below the average. The crop is every- 
 where in this district much later in heading out and approaching maturity than usual. 
 
 Spring wheat is uniformly good, and promises a hestvy crop if present appearances 
 continue. One correspondent in Hastings says of this crop, " it never looked better ; 
 plenty of plants on the ground, with a good healthy colour," and replies of a similar 
 nature run through all the reports. Spring wheat is now pretty well out in head, and the 
 earnest hope is expressed by farmers that no midge or other injurious influence may appear 
 to affect the prospect of a good harvest. 
 
 Other grains, on the whole, give extra promise of an abundant yield throughout these 
 counties. One correspondent, who has recently travelled through a considerable portion 
 of the county of Hastings, writes, " I never saw a better prospect for an excellent crop of 
 oats, peas, barley and all spring grains." Peas and oats generally never looked better, 
 and barley, which in some localities was retarded by the late frosts and the excessive 
 moisture, promises to be at least an average crop. In some sections, too, barley is longer 
 in the straw than usual, and everywhere it is well advanced and appears well in head. 
 Rye, where sown, is not more than half a crop. 
 
 No serious injury has resulted in any section from late frosts, beyond a temporary check 
 to the growth of the young plants in the few localities visited. For a time it was feared 
 that the continuous heavy rains which fell during the early part of June would drown 
 out much of the young crop, but this only occurred to a limited extent in a few low-lying 
 sections. The warm weather which followed the season of rain promoted an exceedingly 
 rapid growth ; so much so that in some places it is feared the rankness of straw may cause 
 the crop to fall down before it matures. Insect enemies have not made their appearance. 
 
 The reports as to the condition of meadows invariably say that clover has been more 
 or less killed by winter frosts, and that there wUl be a large falling off in the hay crop 
 from this cause. Old meadows in particular are seriously affected. Timothy and mixed 
 grasses are, as a rule, light, and the yield per acre, in the most favoured localities, will be 
 below the average with few exceptions. Pasture is abundant. 
 
 Vegetation has made rapid progress of late, but at the best harvest will be from one 
 to two weeks behind the usual time. . Fruit trees have not been planted very generally 
 yet, especially in the newer townships, but where they have reached bearing there is a 
 good prospect for an abundant apple crop. Plums and other fruits are almost a total 
 failure. 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 Little or no fall wheat is grown in these districts. Spring wheat, rye, oats, barley 
 aiid peas are reported to be looking unusually well. The warm, dry weather which followed 
 the cold rains of early June has brought on the crops with great rapidity, and there is 
 every prospect of a large yield. 
 
 As in other parts of Ontario, the clover crop suffered much from "heaving," but 
 owing partly to the rapid growth of young clover and partly to the abundance of timothy, 
 the yield of hay will not be perceptibly below the average. 
 
 Such fruits as thrive in these districts promise an abundant return. 
 
STATISTICS OF 
 
 Table showing, by County Municipalitiea and Groups of Counties, the Acreage of Wheat, 
 
 Estimates of the Produce of each Crop ; also, the 
 
 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 Spmnq Wheat. 
 
 Bablbt. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 COITNTIES. 
 
 « 
 
 Is 
 
 ■ a'^ 
 
 ■■§•3 
 P4 
 
 6 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 MS 
 
 |l 
 
 ■■So 
 f4 
 
 .a 
 
 •5 
 
 1 
 
 ni 
 
 II 
 •■s-s 
 
 .S 
 
 1 
 Si 
 
 Lake Ebis Counties : 
 
 . 39,299 
 59,858 
 54,000 
 34,474 
 
 731,282 
 1,290,056 
 1,027,239 
 
 616.824 
 
 947 
 486 
 171 
 162 
 1,216 
 610 
 
 11,779 
 9,465 
 3,029 
 3,101 
 
 17,941 
 9,654 
 
 1,203 
 
 29.729 
 
 23,858 
 ?6,79l 
 35.466 
 25,761 
 20,852 
 20,192 
 
 772,710 
 
 Kent 
 
 6,956 180,592 
 5,312 135,700 
 6,232 143,918 
 20,078 484,270 
 4,458 97,868 
 
 984,198 
 
 Elgin .: 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 1,200,906 
 763,41» 
 
 
 35,467 593^372 
 27,983] 423,313 
 
 672,070 
 
 Welland 
 
 639.318 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 251,081 4.682.086 
 
 3,592 
 
 64,969 
 
 44,239| 1,072,077 
 
 152,920 4.932.620 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 IiAEB HtBQH COUKTIES : 
 
 43,187 
 93,047 
 66,892 
 
 797,763 
 1,562,7.52 
 1,237,728 
 
 4,232 
 19,327 
 11,184 
 
 67,833 
 301,043 
 164,440 
 
 18,993 
 30,822 
 18,956 
 
 517,057 
 739,689 
 485,651 
 
 36,474 
 63,984 
 49,037 
 
 1,204,94* 
 
 Huron 
 
 2,081,018 
 
 
 1,426,741 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 203,126 
 
 3,598,243 
 
 34,743 
 
 533,316 
 
 68,771 
 
 1,742,397 
 
 149,495 
 
 4,712,699 
 
 
 
 Gboboiak Bat Codhtibs : 
 Grey 
 
 42,750 
 60,757 
 
 866,433 
 1,156,538 
 
 52,835 
 37,422 
 
 820,818 
 540,489 
 
 25,183 
 25,566 
 
 665,392 
 648,369 
 
 47,913 
 
 1,746,833 
 
 1 374 fi97 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 103,507 
 
 2,022,971 
 
 90.237 
 
 1,361,307 
 
 50,739 
 
 1,213,761 
 
 116,939 »1!21 KM 
 
 
 
 ■ » . » 
 
 W. Midland Counties : 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant . . • 
 
 101,532 
 49,913 
 31,864 
 59,480 
 36,016 
 45,610 
 13,436 
 
 2,090,245 
 852,720 
 617,422 
 
 1,070,314 
 668,865 
 852,118 
 233,909 
 
 1,818 
 
 2,804 
 
 778 
 
 1 10,149 
 
 1 24,233 
 
 1 5,473 
 
 26,665 
 
 29,720 
 
 50,124 
 
 12,368 
 
 155,1.54 
 
 400,669 
 
 80,497 
 
 395,399 
 
 22,283 
 19,724 
 14,693 
 24,811 
 35,745 
 1 19,306 
 ! 11,900 
 
 604,316 
 634.850 
 380,888 
 670,163 
 943,100 
 456,197 
 257,134 
 
 62,200 
 47,997 
 15,394 
 46,555 
 54,165 
 33,863 
 36,251 
 
 2,189,068 
 
 1,603,088 
 
 488, 781 
 
 1.598,479 
 
 1,678.041 
 
 965,756 
 
 731,809 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 337,851 
 
 6,405,593 
 
 71,920 
 
 1,123,931 
 
 148,462 
 
 3,845,648 
 
 286 49H 
 
 O OKA QOft 
 
 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 23,885 
 
 34,494 
 
 26,735 
 
 30,407 
 
 65,317 
 
 16,249 
 
 3,538 
 
 8,922 
 
 4,753 
 
 2,901 
 
 394,854 
 
 547,839 
 
 459,754 
 
 477,562 
 
 1,108,443 
 
 341,693 
 
 73,870 
 
 161,332 
 
 62,942 
 
 43,735 
 
 767 
 
 1,123 
 
 2,080 
 
 16,076 
 
 29,594 
 
 48,850 
 
 30,347 
 
 24,781 
 
 5,70S 
 
 6,557 
 1 
 
 13,461 
 
 16,840 
 
 34,035 
 
 236,002 
 
 509,146 
 
 868,337 
 
 489,569 
 
 364,311 
 
 83,474 
 
 94,990 
 
 1 
 
 4,671 
 13,399 
 14,898 
 31,808 
 63,557 
 43,184 
 30,994 
 36,333 
 50,077 
 56,606 
 
 106,068 
 
 340,.357 
 
 368,779 
 
 873,210 
 
 1,683,024 
 
 941,622 
 
 787,165 
 
 845,322 
 
 1,104,393 
 
 1,147,754 
 
 16,396 
 27,864 
 16,907 
 24,616 
 61,794 
 40,345 
 21,950 
 18,668 
 13,489 
 20,741 
 
 433.372 
 890,083 
 616,174 
 774,238 
 2,082,607 
 1,409,658 
 607,378 
 537,774 
 332,696 
 634,607 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel ... 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox aud Addington, 
 
 Totals 
 
 207,201 
 
 3,672,024 
 
 1&5,884 
 
 2,710,165 
 
 345,52? 
 
 8,197,694 
 
 261, 77C 
 
 8,118,288 
 
 
GRAIN AND WOOL. 
 
 Barley, Oats, Rye, Peas, and Corn in Ontario, as returned 31st May, 188 2,, together with 
 quantity of Coarse and Kne Wools of this year's shearing. 
 
 Rtic. 
 
 Peab. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 Wool. 
 
 
 o. 
 
 •1 
 
 •s 
 
 (§§• 
 
 P4 
 
 .9 
 
 h 
 
 ■■go 
 
 Coarse Wool. 
 
 Fine Wool. 
 
 COTTNTIES. 
 
 .3 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 ""1 
 
 J 
 
 
 315 
 
 75 
 
 1,624 
 
 8,250 
 
 2,202 
 
 979 
 
 6,087 
 
 1,334 
 
 19,779 
 
 117,39., 
 
 41,311 
 
 14,0«4 
 
 1,784 
 3,239 
 9,913 
 7,929 
 11,158 
 3,103 
 
 30,434 
 
 60,820 
 
 171,584 
 
 139,255 
 
 201,066 
 
 48,535 
 
 28,303 
 2?,621 
 18,158 
 16,579 
 2,457 
 8,612 
 
 10,166 
 18,163 
 25,196 
 16,477 
 17,184 
 10,546 
 
 52,666 
 98,185 
 142,117 
 84,270 
 97,131 
 52,924 
 
 1,734 
 2,986 
 2,741 
 3,502 
 3,384 
 2,858 
 
 8,731 
 15,348 
 14,829 
 16,487 
 15,513 
 10,661 
 
 Lake Ebie Counties r 
 
 Ees«x. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Elgin. 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Haldimand. 
 
 Welland. 
 
 1S,345 
 
 . 199,«90 
 
 1 37,126 
 
 651,694 
 
 96,630 
 
 97,732 
 
 627,193 
 
 17,205 
 
 81,469 
 
 Totals. 
 
 108 
 170 
 590 
 
 1,800 
 2,791 
 9,884 
 
 5,351 
 23,686 
 32,238 
 
 97,906 
 498,242 
 716,947 
 
 9,247 
 
 3,278 
 
 348 
 
 30,488 
 47,232 
 40,481 
 
 171,443 
 261,993 
 215,029 
 
 5,342 
 6,690 
 6,937 
 
 28,569 
 35,987 
 36,448 
 
 Lake Hubon Couimas : 
 
 Lambton. 
 
 Huron. 
 
 Bruce. 
 
 868 
 
 14,475 
 
 61,276 
 
 1,313,095 
 
 12,873 
 
 118,201 
 
 648,465 
 
 18,969 
 
 101,004 
 
 Totals. 
 
 265 
 3,346 
 
 4,156 
 46,167 
 
 38,747 
 26,625 
 
 748,653 
 564,384 
 
 670 
 763 
 
 46,720 
 34,718 
 
 248,914 
 154,976 
 
 9,443 
 4,811 
 
 49..S93 
 26,475 
 
 GsoBoiAif Bat Counties i 
 
 Grey. 
 
 Simcoe. 
 
 S,611 50,313 
 
 66,372 
 
 1,313,037 
 
 1,333 
 
 81,438 
 
 403,889 
 
 14,254 
 
 74,868 
 
 Totals. 
 
 574 
 1,596 
 1,069 
 
 119 
 1,427 
 
 736 
 , 1,578 
 
 10,663 
 27,132 
 17,4le 
 1,842 
 19,952 
 10,511 
 26,174 
 
 14,896 
 
 . 10,163 
 
 1 6,684 
 
 1 21,504 
 
 31,835 
 
 11,716 
 
 11,990 
 
 303,968 
 206,659 
 125,030 
 447,942 
 658,149 
 258,262 
 ' 216,879 
 
 12,117 
 
 10,153 
 
 5,777 
 
 812 
 
 517 
 
 2,729 
 
 64 
 
 32,169 
 
 44,619 
 23,382 
 33,622 
 35,650 
 41,903 
 22,528 
 15,307 
 
 257,016 
 134,515 
 
 75,457 
 189,209 
 212,611 
 113,723 
 
 82,798 
 
 6,585 
 2,899 
 1,779 
 4,648 
 4,599 
 3,338 
 2,451 
 
 30,770 
 14,932 
 9,422 
 24,213 
 24,924 
 16,161 
 13,383 
 
 W. Midland Counties : 
 
 Middlesex. 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Brant. 
 
 Perth. 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 Waterloo. 
 
 Dufferin. 
 
 7,099 
 
 113,690 
 
 108,688 
 
 2,216,889 
 
 197,011 
 
 1,065,329 
 
 25,299 
 
 133,805 
 
 Totals. 
 
 663 
 1,572 
 1,121 
 3,684 
 3,763 
 6,370 
 6,428 
 12,483 
 9,9:3 
 9,561 
 
 8,343 
 
 28,640 
 
 18,408 
 
 60,871 
 
 64,935 
 
 8'i,720 
 
 79,564 
 
 176,966 
 
 l:i7,925 
 
 169,909 
 
 786,280 
 
 2,997 
 
 8,541 
 
 8,032 
 
 10,364 
 
 26,485 
 
 24,835 
 
 20,604 
 
 17,686 
 
 4,002 
 
 9,735 
 
 60,626 
 16j,267 
 164,686 
 175,766 
 628,860 
 5aO,046 
 391,687 
 303,919 
 
 67,725 
 157.485 
 
 5,687 
 6,227 
 1,281 
 471 
 1,988 
 3,662 
 1,709 
 3,381 
 9,810 
 4,050 
 
 9,149 
 14,648 
 11,515 
 14,945 
 30,429 
 29,147 
 14,235 
 15,328 
 
 9,974 
 14,951 
 
 46,605 
 75,665 
 69,207 
 97,042 
 169,694 
 166,461 
 76,703 
 82,302 
 48,967 
 72,442 
 
 1,880 
 2,078 
 1,132 
 1,863 
 4,395 
 3,714 
 1,931 
 2,298 
 3,365 
 3,776 
 
 8,821 
 10,828 
 
 6,093 
 10,560 
 25,9.54 
 22,.'i36 
 10,956 
 11,829 
 16,181 
 19,208 
 
 Lake Ontakio Codktibs : 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 Halton. 
 
 Peel. . 
 
 York. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Durham. 
 
 Northiunberland. 
 
 Prince Edward. 
 
 Lennox and Addington, 
 
 64,468 
 
 133,181 
 
 2,624,066 
 
 38,266 
 
 164.321 
 
 902,888 
 
 26,432| 142,956 
 
 Totals. 
 
14 
 
 Table showing, by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties, the acreage of Whe»t, 
 
 Estimates of the Produce of each Crop ; also, the 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 St. Lawbenos & Ottawa 
 Counties : 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville . . . 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormotit 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Preacott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Eenfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Totals 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Totals 
 
 KOBTHEBN DlSTBIOTS : 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Totals , 
 
 Fail Wheat. 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 p< 
 
 a . 
 
 S 
 
 M§ 
 
 o 
 
 -S-S 
 
 .9 
 
 ng 
 
 ■■ 
 
 a^ 
 
 g 
 
 ■■so 
 
 <i 
 
 •H 
 
 4,020 
 
 61,124 
 
 10,275 
 
 171,557 
 
 4,575 
 
 73,552 
 
 2,297 
 
 45,205 
 
 2,654 
 
 47,839 
 
 398 
 
 6,789 
 
 702 
 
 13,793 
 
 4,399 
 
 80,849 
 
 4,021 
 
 57,442 
 
 7,181 
 
 96,417 
 
 40,522 
 
 654,567 
 
 12,741 
 
 257,747 
 
 11,933 
 
 250,242 
 
 223 
 
 3,427 
 
 10,148 
 
 172,736 
 
 35,045 
 
 684,152 
 
 817 
 
 15,486 
 
 69 
 
 951 
 
 65 
 
 1,268 
 
 951 
 
 17,705 
 
 Sfbiho Wheat. 
 
 a 
 
 9,298 
 
 11,244 
 
 6,032 
 
 4,166 
 
 8,112 
 
 8,404 
 
 3,774 
 
 30,522 
 
 20,139 
 
 13,729 
 
 115,418 
 
 47,-520 
 
 28,338 
 
 1,616 
 
 10,565 
 
 -2 
 
 s . 
 MS 
 
 ,W 
 
 147,788 
 
 172,379 
 
 94,837 
 
 60,781 
 
 115,396 
 
 129,111 
 
 60,753 
 
 493,946 
 
 288,515 
 
 196,3:23 
 
 1,759,829 
 
 11,885 
 1,338 
 1,516 
 
 14,739 
 
 724,557 
 
 410,834 
 
 21,790 
 
 152, .«1 
 
 1,309,562 
 
 149,965 
 19,217 
 24,081 
 
 193,263 
 
 Bablet. 
 
 D 
 
 35,146 
 
 13,826 
 
 16,729 
 
 3,691 
 
 2,430 
 
 1,876 
 
 1,192 
 
 8,598 
 
 978 
 
 2,583 
 
 I 87,049 
 
 32,788 
 
 13,672 
 
 238 
 
 42,889 
 
 89,587 
 
 385 
 347 
 360 
 
 1,092 
 
 3 . 
 « § 
 
 1^ 
 
 795,212 
 
 328,153 
 
 451,2.57 
 
 85,475 
 
 63,863 
 
 34,195 
 
 22,467 
 
 212,364 
 
 21,611 
 
 52,213 
 
 2,066,810 
 
 798,894 
 
 332,068 
 
 4,326 
 
 844,282 
 
 1,979,570 
 
 9,379 
 6,641 
 7,525 
 
 23,545 
 
 Oats. 
 
 o 
 
 <J 
 
 40,478 
 54,968 
 •43,393 
 26,476 
 33,535 
 23,422 
 15,143 
 59,325 
 25,862 
 33, .588 
 
 ■•§■8 
 
 m 
 
 356,190 
 
 34,400 
 
 22,813 
 
 4,264 
 
 29,692 
 
 91,169 
 
 2,315 
 5,875 
 2,847 
 
 11,0.37 
 
 871,901 
 
 1,273,763 
 
 1,256,137 
 
 678,905 
 
 929,466 
 
 615,898 
 
 390,061 
 
 1,600,662 
 
 547,910 
 
 806,824 
 
 8,971,527 
 
 920,278 
 
 549,749 
 
 97,532 
 
 688,923 
 
 2,256,482 
 
 63,473 
 
 142,883 
 
 76,269 
 
 282,625 
 
 SUMMARY OF RETURNS 
 
 Lace Ebie Counties 
 
 Lake Hubon Counties;. . 
 Geobgian Bat Counties. 
 W. Midland Counties .. 
 Lake Ontabio Counties. 
 St. Lawbenob and .) 
 Ottawa Counties . . . ) 
 E. Midland Counties . . . 
 nobthibn dlstbiots . . , . 
 
 Totals 
 
 251,081 
 203,126 
 103,507 
 337,851 
 207,201 
 
 40,522 
 
 35,045 
 951 
 
 1,179,284 
 
 4,682,086 
 3,598,243 
 2,022,971 
 6,405,.593 
 3,672,024 
 
 654,567 
 
 684,152 
 17,705 
 
 21,737,341 
 
 3,592 
 
 34,743 
 
 90,257 
 
 71,920 
 
 165,884 
 
 54,969 
 
 533,316 
 
 1,361,307 
 
 1,123,931 
 
 2,710,165 
 
 44,239 
 
 68,771 
 
 60,739 
 
 148,462 
 
 345,527 
 
 1,072,077 
 1,742,397 
 1,213,761 
 3,845,648 
 8,197,694 
 
 115,418 
 
 1,759,829 
 
 87,049 
 
 2,068,810 
 
 88,039 
 14,739 
 
 1,309,562 
 193,263 
 
 89,587 
 
 1,979,570 
 23,546 
 
 584,59? 
 
 9,046,342 
 
 .m.i^ 
 
 20,141,502 
 
 152,920 
 149,495 
 116,939 
 286,428 
 261,7J0 
 
 356,190 
 
 ■ 91,169 
 U,p37 
 
 ],V425,9!48 
 
 4,932,620 
 4,712,699 
 3,121,530 
 9,254,998 
 8,118,283 
 
 8,971,627 
 
 2,2.56,482 
 282,625 
 
 41,650,764 
 
15 
 
 Barley, Oats, Rye, Peas, and Com in Ontario, as returned 31st May, 1882, together with 
 quantity of Coarse and Fine Wools of this year's shearing — ContixiMed. 
 
 Rye. 
 
 Peas. 
 
 COBN. 
 
 Wool. 
 
 
 
 ■§ 
 
 
 1 
 
 Coarse Wool. 
 
 Fine Wool. 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 ^s 
 
 
 1 . 
 
 §■ 
 
 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 -a^ 
 
 o 
 
 -g-S 
 
 a ■ 
 
 oi 
 
 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 ■S p 
 
 a 
 
 S o 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 it 
 ■g o 
 
 2 
 
 
 1' 
 
 
 1- 
 
 
 }■ 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 w 
 
 ■< 
 
 ^ 
 
 < . 
 
 ^ 
 
 fS 1 
 
 'r, 
 
 (S . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Laweenob & Ottawa 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 '' 
 
 
 
 ConNTIHS : 
 
 9,751 
 
 135,545 
 
 17,512 
 
 299,856 
 
 3,723 
 
 25,931 
 
 128,399 
 
 7,913 
 
 38,401 
 
 Frontenao 
 
 16,200 
 
 215,957 
 
 6,222 
 
 103,477 
 
 5,558 
 
 36,532 
 
 168,657 
 
 9,781 
 
 49,187 
 
 Leeds and Grenville. 
 
 3,231 
 
 57,356 
 
 3,113 
 
 66,679 
 
 2,849 
 
 17,157 
 
 81,.341 
 
 6,932 
 
 32,794 
 
 Dundas. 
 
 1,093 
 
 17,426 
 
 3,018 
 
 52,894 
 
 2,020 
 
 8,019 
 
 38,278 
 
 3,522 
 
 17,113 
 
 Stormont. 
 
 189 
 
 2,030 
 
 8 963 
 
 162,384 
 
 1,263 
 
 1.5,507 
 
 66,897 
 
 5,362 
 
 24,985 
 
 Glengarry. 
 
 3B6 
 
 3,888 
 
 14,963 
 
 281,976 
 
 1,788 
 
 9,417 
 
 42,079 
 
 3,152 
 
 15,457 
 
 Prescott. 
 
 370 
 
 5,228 
 
 4,538 
 
 90,102 
 
 709 
 
 6,334 
 
 27, .381 
 
 1,926 
 
 8,842 
 
 Kussell. 
 
 31,652 
 
 201,528 
 
 16,157 
 
 286,769 
 
 1,293 
 
 31,951 
 
 148,009 
 
 6,710 
 
 32,376 
 
 Carleton. 
 
 8,282 
 
 120,404 
 
 13,904 
 
 204,625 
 
 600 
 
 21,186 
 
 85,633 
 
 7,951 
 
 3.3,876 
 
 Renfrew. 
 
 15,116 
 
 200,235 
 
 10,371 
 
 167,283 
 
 2,204 
 
 30,384 
 
 132,910 
 
 3,881 
 
 17,632 
 
 Lanark. 
 
 76,250 
 
 959,577 
 
 98,761 
 
 1,716,045 
 
 22,007 
 
 202,418 
 
 919,584 
 
 .57,130 
 
 270,663 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 !■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Midlahd Codhtieb : 
 
 1,925 
 
 28,975 
 
 16,221 
 
 301,394 
 
 542 
 
 20,172 
 
 102,494 
 
 4,240 
 
 22,957 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 4,531 
 
 66,625 
 
 12,751 
 
 255,610 
 
 240 
 
 13,979 
 
 71,608 
 
 2,053 
 
 10,077 
 
 Peterborough. 
 
 339 
 
 4,990 
 
 1,354 
 
 20,534 
 
 218 
 
 2,368 
 
 10,987 
 
 911 
 
 4,135 
 
 Haliburton. 
 
 19,682 
 
 409,559 
 
 14,576 
 
 233,055 
 
 5,417 
 
 14,954 
 
 68,126 
 
 6,436 
 
 28,679 
 
 Hastings, 
 
 '26,477 
 
 510,149 
 
 44,902 
 
 810,593 
 
 6,417 
 
 51,473 
 
 253,215 
 
 13,640 
 
 65,848 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (■■ 
 
 1 '■ 
 
 '■ 
 
 NOBTHEEK DlSTEICTS : 
 
 105 
 
 2,380 
 
 2,658 
 
 58,728 
 
 38 
 
 S22 
 
 5,352 
 12,792 
 
 289 
 
 1,443 
 
 Algoma. 
 
 419 
 
 6,636 
 
 1,565 
 
 28,276 
 
 309 
 
 2,556 
 
 648 
 
 3,705 
 
 Muakoka. 
 
 336 
 
 6,260 
 
 936 
 
 17,144 
 
 38 
 
 361 
 
 1,91( 
 
 308 
 
 1,913 
 
 Parry Sound. 
 
 860 
 
 15,276 
 
 5,159 
 
 104,148 
 
 385 
 
 3,839 
 
 20,054 
 
 1,245 
 
 7,061 
 
 Totals. 
 
 BY COUNTY GROUPS. 
 
 13,345 
 
 868 
 
 8,611 
 
 7,099 
 
 54,4£8 
 
 ' 76,250 
 
 • 26i477 
 860 
 
 199,990 
 
 14,475 
 
 50,313 
 
 113,690 
 
 786,280 
 
 959,577 
 
 510,14i9 
 15,276 
 
 37,126 
 
 61,275 
 
 6.5,372 
 
 108,688 
 
 133,181 
 
 98,761 
 
 44,902 
 8,1.59 
 
 651,694 
 1,313,095 
 1,313,037 
 2,216,889 
 2,.524,066 
 
 1,716(045 
 
 810,593 
 104,148 
 
 96,630 
 12,873 
 1,333 
 32,169 
 38,266 
 
 22,007 
 
 6,417 
 385 
 
 97,732 
 118,201 
 
 81,438 
 197,011 
 164,321 
 
 202, 4i8 
 
 61,473 
 3,839 
 
 527,193 
 648,465 
 403,889 
 1,065,329 
 902^888 
 
 919,584 
 
 253t2|6 
 20,Sg4 
 
 17.205 
 18,969 
 14,254 
 25,299 
 26,432 
 
 57,130 
 
 : 13,640 
 . 1,246 
 
 81,469 
 101,004 
 
 74,868 
 133,805 
 142,956 
 
 270i663 
 
 65,848 
 7,061 
 
 Lake Erie Codhtibs. 
 
 Lake Hubon Counties. 
 
 Geormait Bat Codnmeb. 
 
 W. Midland Coontieb. 
 
 Laek Ontario Codnties. 
 ( St. Lawbenoh and 
 1 Ottawa Godntieb. 
 
 E. Midland. CounthIb. 
 
 NOETHEBN Dl8TEI0T». 
 
 ■1«,968 
 
 2,649,750 
 
 554,464 
 
 10,649,«P7 
 
 210,980 
 
 916,433 
 
 a„ri r 1 
 
 4,7«.W 
 
 174,174 
 
 877,674 
 
 Totals. 
 
THE WEATHER 
 
 REPORT FOR MAY AND JUNK 
 
 [OOHFILED AT THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE, TORONTO.] 
 
 The month of May has been considerably colder than nsual in Ontario, the defect 
 varying from 4* to as much as 7° in some localities, and only on five days did the tempera- 
 ture exceed the average of these particular days. The month opened with a continuation 
 of the weather experienced in the end of April, — cold, blustery winds prevailing, with snow 
 pretty general on the 1st and 2nd. It continued cold and unseasonable during the first 
 week, vegetation scarcely advancing. On the 8th a warm rain fell, and the following day 
 was remarked in many localities as the first spring day of the season. This was followed, 
 however, by a rapid change on the 10th, the winds becoming more northerly and easterly, 
 and blowing with great violence accompanied by heavy rains. It gradually cleared by 
 the 13th and became more agreeable, the nights still continuing cold, with an almost 
 regular succession of frosts, while little or no rain fell. Severe frost occurred on the 
 night of the 23rd, and the morning of the 24th, ice forming in many places. After this 
 the weather became more seasonable, the month ending warm and pleasant. Under date 
 of the 27th it is noted from Ottawa that there was very little sign of vegetation some 
 miles north of the city, and that in the woods frost was still in the ground. 
 
 The fall of rain has in general exceeded the usual amount for May, the quantities in 
 the several districts varying considerably. In the west and south-west district more than 
 double the average quantity has fallen, while in the north and north-west, on the contrary, 
 it was generally characterized as dry as well as cold. 
 
 In the western part of Ontario trees began to bud on the 7th, chestnuts were in leaf 
 on the 10th, plum trees in blossom on the 20th, and apple trees on the 22nd. Swallows 
 were not seen in some places till the 13th, orioles on the 16th, cardinals on the 9th, whip- 
 poor-wills on the 26th. Around Toronto orioles were seen on the 21st, humming birds the 
 same day, and whip-poor-wiUs on the 22nd. In the. north-east part of the Province it is 
 noted that poplar was in blossom on the 2nd, whip-poor-wills were heard on the 11th, 
 black flies were plentiful on the 18th, dandelions were in blossom on the 19th, wild straw- 
 berries on the 20th, and plum trees on the 21st. Mosquitos made their presence felt on 
 the same day. 
 
 The month of June has been generally below the average temperature in Ontario, 
 frosts having occurred in several localities in the second week, and in some places as late 
 as the 20th, but without much damage to vegetation- having been recorded. Thunder 
 storms have been numerous, accompanied by heavy rains and occasionally hail, and 
 although the days have been bright and warm, they were generally followed by cool, 
 chilly nights, retarding vegetation. In the north-eastern part of the Province cherry trees 
 are noted in blossom on the 9th, the first wild strawberries were ripe on the 14th white 
 and red alsike clover were in blossom on the l8th, and peas on the 28th. 
 
17 
 
 Summary of the fall of Rain during the months of May and June, 1882, with the number 
 of days on which rain fell, and the number of days on which the rain exceeded 
 0.10 in. 
 
 West and South- West Distkiot. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Windsor High School. 
 Simeoe " " . 
 Goderich " " 
 Stratford " " 
 Goderich L. House . . . 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 Port Stanley 
 
 Granton 
 
 Lucan 
 
 Listowel 
 
 Elora 
 
 Brantford 
 
 Conestogo 
 
 Stony Point 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Tecumseh 
 
 Maidstone 
 
 Ailsa Craig 
 
 Fergus 
 
 Cottam 
 
 Tbameeville 
 
 "Wilton Grove 
 
 Mean of District. 
 
 Observer. 
 
 A. Sinclair, M. A 
 
 Rev. G. Grant, B.A. . . 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A 
 
 C. J. Macgregor, M.A. . 
 
 G. M. Maodonald 
 
 G. Hess 
 
 Prof. Wolverton, B. A. . , 
 
 H. Morgan 
 
 M. Payne 
 
 J. Grant 
 
 G. Cathoart 
 
 A. Kay 
 
 W. La Penotiere 
 
 P. W. Mclutyre, M.A. 
 
 Dr. Passmore 
 
 Stephen Aubry , 
 
 Daniel Stewart 
 
 P. Delaney 
 
 t. F. Kane 
 
 John Bennie 
 
 A. D. Ferrier 
 
 W. E. WagstafE 
 
 A. J. Campbell 
 
 H. Anderson 
 
 Nobth-West and North Disteio'I:. 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Owen Sound 
 
 Fresque Isle 
 
 Penetanguisheue . 
 
 Saugeen 
 
 Kincardine 
 
 Point Clark .... 
 
 Orillia 
 
 Georgina 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gratenhurst 
 
 Barrie 
 
 Egremont ....... 
 
 Huntsville '. 
 
 Durham 
 
 Mean of District. 
 
 Eev. E. Mosley 
 
 J. MoLeod 
 
 John McKenzie 
 
 Kev. J. McBride 
 
 Mrs. Stewart 
 
 Dr. Martyn 
 
 J. Young 
 
 H. A. Fitton 
 
 Captain Sibbald, R.N 
 
 J. HoUingworth 
 
 T. M. Robinson 
 
 H. B. Spotton, M.A. . 
 
 J. W. Stevenson 
 
 Dr. Howland 
 
 J. Gun,M.D 
 
 May. 
 
 c 
 to 
 
 P 
 
 4.24 
 4.38 
 2.67 
 3.57 
 2.36 
 4.76 
 4.01 
 5.33 
 5.03 
 3.81 
 3.34 
 2.24 
 1.43 
 3.38 
 2.51 
 4.92 
 2.15 
 5.10 
 5.54 
 
 3.72 
 
 
 d 
 
 O 
 
 11 
 14 
 11 
 11 
 11 
 10 
 10 
 14 
 15 
 13 
 9 
 11 
 10 
 10 
 14 
 15 
 11 
 14 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 2.13 
 
 12 
 6 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 11 
 
 6 
 12 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 7 
 5 
 9 
 6 
 6 
 10 
 4 
 10 
 10 
 
 June. 
 
 5 
 
 3.63 
 4.10 
 2.52 
 4.59 
 3.48 
 3.45 
 
 3.60 
 4.73 
 5.06 
 5.64 
 
 1.91 
 in 
 2.37 
 3.74 
 4.08 
 3.73 
 3.24 
 4.32 
 2.48 
 ii 
 5.65 
 3.23 
 
 IS 
 
 R 
 
 11 
 11 
 14 
 10 
 14 
 11 
 
 14 
 16 
 14 
 14 
 
 10 
 compl 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 compl 
 
 11 
 8 
 
 e8NH flj 
 
 <D O 
 
 ■ol-i 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 ete. 
 
 ete. 
 
 3.77 12 
 
 3.61 
 2.55. 
 2.00 
 
 2.48 
 3.87 
 2.53 
 2.82 
 2.64 
 6.02 
 3.69 
 2.46 
 3.11 
 6.02 
 2.59 
 
 3.31 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 10 
 14 
 12 
 
 9 
 14 
 
 9 
 11 
 
 12 
 8 
 8 
 9 
 6 
 
 11 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 10 
 8 
 4 
 
 10 
 8 
 
 10 
 
18 
 
 Summary of the fall of Rain during the months of May and June, 1882, etc.— Continued. 
 
 
 
 Mat. 
 
 June. 
 
 Central DiiTiticT. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 d 
 
 No. of Days when 
 the fall was 
 above 0.1 in. 
 
 •i 
 "3 
 
 1 
 
 P 
 
 
 1 
 
 "S 
 
 6 
 
 •a 
 
 N 0. of Days when 
 the fall was 
 above 0.1 in. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Observer. 
 J. E. Esten 
 
 in. 
 
 3.21 
 3.22 
 3.58 
 2.64 
 4.94 
 3.16 
 5.24 
 2.49 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 11 
 
 9 
 12 
 12 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 6 1 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 in. 
 
 1.55' 
 2! 63 
 
 7 
 '12" 
 
 4 
 
 Credit 
 
 Dr. Dixie 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 Hamilton High School 
 
 G. Dickson, B.A 
 
 J. Barber 
 
 2.55 
 3.88 
 2.20 
 4.-52 
 2.93 
 
 11 
 14 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 
 Colborne 
 
 J. Varcoe 
 
 10 
 
 Copetown 
 
 
 6 
 
 East Disteiot. 
 J. Smith, M.A 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean of District 
 
 3.56 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 2.89 
 
 " 
 
 7 ". 
 
 East and Nobth 
 
 Cornwall High School 
 
 Peterborough High School . . . 
 Lakefield 
 
 1.35 
 3.18 
 3.07 
 2 98 
 3.10 
 4,10 
 4.77 
 2.68 
 2.77 
 2.80 
 2.04 
 2.42 
 
 12 
 8 
 8 
 
 11 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 9 
 8 
 9 
 
 11 
 9 
 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 9 
 8 
 9 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 9 
 
 i 
 
 4.64 
 3.22 
 2.60 
 2.39 
 1.90 
 1 4.08 
 1 4.95 
 4.28 
 3.76 
 3.69 
 3.79 
 3.02 
 1.00 
 in 
 3.44 
 
 17 
 11 
 11 
 11 
 
 8 
 15 
 16 
 11 
 15 
 12 
 13 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 compl 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 J. H. Le Fevre 
 
 6 
 
 
 T. Beall 
 
 5 
 
 
 Kev. J. McLeary 
 
 8 
 
 Kingston 
 
 A. p. Knight, M.A 
 
 A. Thompson 
 
 9 
 
 
 9 
 
 RockliflEe . . 
 
 W. H. Mxintyre 
 
 7 
 
 
 T Kosmark 
 
 10 
 
 Kirkfield 
 
 J. McTaggart 
 
 P. Y. Merrick 
 
 5 
 
 Merrickville .... 
 
 5 
 
 Addison 
 
 B. Loverie 
 
 10 
 
 Newburcrh 
 
 TVnri. (rTange 
 
 5 
 
 Lodi 
 
 H. McDiarmid 
 
 
 
 
 ete. 
 
 r. Telford 
 
 3.50 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 2.98 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 3.34 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 Proportion of Sunshine in each hour of the day during which the sun was above the 
 horizon in the months of May and June, 1882. 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 HouBS Ending 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 a.m. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0.49 
 .59 
 
 .61 
 ,.48 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Noon. 
 
 1 p.m. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0.47 
 .62 
 
 .57 
 .67 
 
 6 
 
 0.44 
 .51 
 
 .53 
 .67 
 
 7 
 
 0.17 
 .28 
 
 .32 
 
 .57 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 0.51 
 .61 
 
 .50 
 .54 
 
 9 
 
 8 p.m. 
 
 
 0.02 
 .02 
 
 .07 
 .16 
 
 0.31 
 .43 
 
 .37 
 .44 
 
 0.53 
 .61 
 
 .51 
 .67 
 
 0.53 
 .69 
 
 .56 
 .65 
 
 0.55 
 .64 
 
 .66 
 .69 
 
 0.52 
 .68 
 
 .62 
 .71 
 
 0.56 
 .65 
 
 ,57 
 .69 
 
 0.56 
 .60 
 
 .60 
 .76 
 
 0.51 
 .58 
 
 .61 
 
 .78 
 
 0,.51 
 .58 
 
 .61 
 .71 
 
 
 Woodstock— May . . 
 June . . 
 
 Toronto— May ..... 
 June 
 
 !03 
 .12 
 
 Mean proportion for month, constant sunshine being represented by 1 : Woodstock, 
 May, 0,45 ; June, 0.52. Toronto, May, 0.51 ; June, 0.59. 
 
19 
 
 Mean Temperature for May and June at certain Collegiate Institutes in Ontario, 
 divided, into five-day periods, and the mean for the months, with the highest and 
 lowest temperature and the date of their occurrence. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 S 
 
 w 
 
 « 
 
 ■a 
 
 ' a 
 
 u 
 o 
 
 Mat. 
 
 1st to 5th 
 
 6th to 10th 
 
 nth to 15th 
 
 16th to 20th 
 
 21st to 25th 
 
 26th to 31st 
 
 Monthly mean . . . . 
 
 Highest Temperature . . . 
 
 Day 
 
 Lowest Temperature 
 
 Day 
 
 Eange of Month 
 
 43.1 
 52.5 
 44.6 
 52.8 
 50.0 
 .55.1 
 
 48.0 
 53.5 
 43.6 
 55.8 
 50.7 
 59.7 
 
 49.7 
 
 51.9 
 
 70.0 
 
 30 
 
 31.0 
 
 2 
 
 39.0 
 
 I 
 
 73.9 
 
 30 
 
 27.4 
 
 3 
 
 46.5 
 
 43.4 
 51.1 
 44.1 
 53.3 
 51.1 
 57.5 
 
 41.6 
 50.0 
 43.1 
 52.4 
 49.0 
 54.6 
 
 45.1 
 47.2 
 45.4 
 51.5 
 54.0 
 57.7 
 
 44.0 
 52.2 
 45.4 
 55.8 
 51.4 
 69.4 
 
 41.6 
 49.3 
 43.1 
 54.2 
 49.2 
 57.2 
 
 41.3 
 50.0 
 48.9 
 51.9 
 54.7 
 55.8 
 
 50.1 
 
 48.6 
 
 50.2 
 
 51.4 
 
 49.1 
 
 50.4 
 
 69.8 
 
 22 
 
 29.5 
 
 2 
 
 40.3 
 
 71.3 
 
 20 
 
 25.2 
 
 2 
 
 46.1 
 
 78.5 
 
 30 
 
 26.0 
 
 2 
 
 52.5 
 
 72.7 
 20 
 26.1 
 3&5 
 46.6 
 
 76.6 
 
 21 
 
 24.9 
 
 2 
 
 51.7 
 
 76.7 
 
 21 
 
 23.6 
 
 5 
 
 53.1 
 
 June. 
 1st to 5th 
 
 51.7 
 57.9 
 65.4 
 62.4 
 69.4 
 64.8 
 
 57.3 
 64.7 
 69.6 
 65.2 
 
 72.4 
 71.8 
 
 55.1 - 
 
 62.5 
 
 66.1 
 
 64.4 
 
 68.9 
 
 67.1 
 
 50.5 . 
 
 59.5 
 
 63.2 
 
 62.3 
 
 68.7 
 
 63.4 
 
 52.9 
 62.9 
 62.7 
 65.7 
 69.8 
 68.1 
 
 52.7 
 61.3 
 64.1 
 66.2 
 70.1 
 65.7 
 
 50,2 
 62.0 
 64.1 
 60.0 
 68.9 
 65.1 
 
 .53.9 
 59.5 
 63.6 
 64.8 
 69.5 
 63.2 
 
 53.2 
 
 6th to 10th 
 
 nth to 15th 
 
 59.8 
 67.4 
 
 16th to 20th 
 
 61.6 
 
 21st to 25th 
 
 68.4 
 
 26th to 30th 
 
 63.2 
 
 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 61.9 
 
 66.8 
 
 04. 
 
 61.2 
 
 63.7 
 
 63.3 
 
 61.7 
 
 62.4 
 
 62.2 
 
 Highest Temperature . . . 
 Dav 
 
 84.9 
 
 24 
 
 40.0 
 
 6 
 
 44.9 
 
 90.0 
 
 24 
 
 41.5 
 
 6 
 
 48.5 
 
 85.8 
 
 23 
 39.9 
 
 12 
 45.9 
 
 83.8 
 
 24 
 36.0 
 
 20 
 47.8 
 
 88.8 
 
 24 
 40.2 
 
 2.20 
 48.6 
 
 83.6 
 
 23 
 38.1 
 
 2.22 
 45.5 
 
 84.6 
 
 24 
 
 37.5 
 
 2 
 
 47.1 
 
 87.9 
 
 24 
 
 41.2 
 
 6 
 
 46.7 
 
 90,6 
 24 
 
 Lowest Temperature 
 
 Dav 
 
 38.1 
 12 
 
 Eange of Month 
 
 52.5 
 
AGEICULTUEAL RETURNS: 
 
 AUGUST, 188S. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The farmers of Ontario are busily at work - now reaping and gathering their grain 
 crops, and in a few weeks it will be definitely known what the season has brought forth. 
 It is already known as a season of surprises— of discouragement, of much promise, and 
 of some disappointment. 
 
 The early weeks of spring were dreary in the extreme. There was little rainfall, a 
 succession of killing frosts, and a continuous blow of east winds. A rainy spell followed, 
 and with the setting in of warm weather the crops sprang up as if they were under an 
 enchantment. The meadows thickened, the fall wheat that was believed to have been 
 ruined grew to be the finest crop seen in twenty years, and the spring grains promised a 
 splendid yield. 
 
 But just at the critical time another change occurred. The heavy grain became 
 lodged, the wheat in many districts was smitten with rust, and throughout the western 
 counties harvest work has been interrupted by a week of rain. Fortunately, however, 
 the storm was not general throughout Ontario, and in a large wheat-growing section no 
 harm has been done. 
 
 The correspondents of the Bureau refer this month to the state 'of grain crops on the 
 1st of the month, and to the progress of haying and .harvesting operations at that date. 
 They also report on the fruit and root crops, on live stock and the dairying interest, and 
 on the supply of farm labour and the rate of wages. A large majority of the corres- 
 pondents are themselves farmers, and report what they see and know. It is not possible, 
 however, to organize a full and efficient staif in a single season. The services of men 
 who wUl, without remuneration, collect and report facts promptly and inbelligently are 
 not procurable in every neighbourhood ; but it is gratifying to know that there are many 
 such men in the country, and that they fully appreciate the efforts made to promote the 
 farmer's interests. 
 
 The month of July was very favourable for hay-making, the weather being steady 
 and the temperature moderate, and the bulk of the crop has been saved in excellent order. 
 Clover recovered to some extent from the serious damage done to it by winter exposure 
 and spring frosts, but in the most favoured localities the yield does not exceed one ton per 
 acre, and the general average is much less. Timothy and mixed grasses were very heavy, 
 and the uniform report from all sections is that no better crop has been gathered in 
 twenty years. 
 
 Throughout the western half of the Province fall wheat has been remarkably heavy, 
 but it has not escaped the dangers incident to a late season of ripening. Owing to a rank 
 growth of straw and occasional rain storms the crop lodged badly in many localities just 
 as the grain was beginning to harden, and about the same time, unfortunately, it was 
 struck with rust. As a consequence the sample is not generally as good as was looked 
 for ; it is lacking in plumpness and colour. The worst efifects from those causes are 
 reported from the loamy lands of the south-western counties — from Essex, and the basins 
 of the Thames and Sydenham rivers. In some sections the whole crop has been reaped 
 and saved in good condition, but the bulk of it was either standing or in shock when work 
 was interrupted lagt week by a rain storm of several days' duration. Late reports say 
 that in many fields the grain has sprouted, but the full extent of the damage will not be 
 known for some time. The storm was local, and confined chiefly to the western counties. 
 
In the Georgian Bay counties a large acreage has been saved in good order, and the sample 
 is prime. In the Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the crop was badly 
 winter-killed, and what remains will yield less than an average. In the East Midland 
 counties a good crop will be harvested, but not equal to last year's. In the Lake Erie 
 counties, where some grain has been threshed, it is found to yield from 20 to 30 bushels 
 per acre, and correspondents in all counties west of Toronto estimate the yield at not less 
 than 20 bushels per acre. Spring wheat in the eastern half of the Province, where it is 
 extensively grown, gives promise of an abundant harvest, but in some districts it is being 
 attacked by the midge, the Hessian fly and rust. It will be ready for reaping generally 
 about the 20th of this month. 
 
 Barley is everywhere a heavy crop and a large acreage has been grown, especially in 
 the Lake Ontario and East Midland counties. The grain is uniformly plump and of good 
 colour. With a few exceptions where it ripened too rapidly owing to the drought, or where 
 it lodged and rusted. In the western counties the yield is good, but the harvesting 
 season has been unfavourable. 
 
 There is a large area under oats, and, excepting in the Georgian Bay counties, the 
 crop is reported good all over. In those counties it was affected by a losal drought. 
 The estimates of correspondents range from 35 to 60 bushels per acre. Peas are a good 
 crop in all the northern couiities, but elsewhere they have been injured by the bug. 
 
 The corn crop is everywhere pronounced a failure. The season has been too wet and 
 cold for it, and though it has made good growth during the past three weeks there is little 
 chance now of its attaining to half an average crop. Beans are chiefly grown in the 
 counties of Kent, Norfolk, Brant and Renfrew. They are generally reported good, but 
 in some localities the crop is worthless. 
 
 Potatoes were injured by too much rain early in the season, and later on by the 
 drought. The beetle, too, is about as troublesome as ever. Turnips, mangolds and car- 
 rots have only partially come up and a good crop is rare ; turnips especially are late, and 
 are badly injured by the fly.. 
 
 The fruit crop is poor in all the best fruit-growing dietricts. The blossoming season 
 was hopeful, but the fruit has been destroyed by a combined attack of frost, blight and 
 insects. Apples are good only in the Lake Ontario and River St. Lawrence counties, and 
 there they will be less than half a crop. ' Peaches and plums are almost a total failure, , 
 pears and grapes are fairly good, and small fruit alone is abundant. 
 
 Pastures were good throughout June and the first half of July, but recently they 
 have become parched and bare in many parts of the Province. This has been especially 
 the case in the Lake Ontario counties, where in some districts cattle had to be given extra 
 fodder. Fat cattle are scarce, particularly in the finer classes suitable for export, and 
 there is a disposition to force young cattle prematurely into the market. The dairying 
 interest is less flourishing now than it was earlier in the season, and the milk supply is 
 falling off. The recent rains, however, will doubtless make the pastures good again. 
 
 Farm labourers have been scarce, and the demand for them was increased by the 
 general heaviness of the harvest. Wages ran from $1.50 to $2.50 per day, and from $25 
 to $40 per month with board, and even at these high figures it was difficult to procure men. 
 
 The statistics of live stock are as complete as they could be obtained. No estimates 
 have been made of thoroughbreds for sections for which returns were not received, owing 
 to the difficulty of finding an average. It is certain that the full number has not been 
 reported, but it is almost equally certain that some animals entered in the schedules of 
 farmers as thoroughbreds would never obtain registration in a Herd Book. 
 
 The Weather Report, which is furnished by the Meteorological Office, is a register 
 of important facts for the farmer. There are now seventy-three stations reporting rainfall 
 and nine reporting temperature, and beginning with next month ten stations will record 
 and report sunshine. With this service the report of weather for the Province will be 
 as complete as is desirable. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 BuEEAtj OP Industries, 
 
 ToKONTO, August 10, 1882. 
 
DIGEST OF THE EEPORTS. 
 
 HAY AND CLOVEK. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties clover -was light, owing to winter exposure and the 
 action of spring frosts, but in some portions of Essex and Norfolk the crop was a fair 
 average. Timothy and mixed grasses developed an unlooked-for growth, and continued 
 to improve steadily until the haying season began. The weather was generally favourable, 
 and the crop has been saved in first-class order ; some damage, however, was done to early 
 cut clover by local rain storms in the east of Kent and the west of Elgin. , In Essex the 
 crop was of good quality, and was secured in excellent condition. In the western town- 
 ships of Kent it will average two tons per acre, while in the eastern townships it is 
 reported to be " away above an average " — the best crop in twenty years. On the north 
 side of the Thames it was a good average. In West Elgin some fields of timothy were 
 standing at the date of the returns, owing to the diflS.culty of procuring help ; they will 
 be kept for seed. In East Elgin timothy will yield about two .tons per acre, and clover 
 about one ton. In Norfolk the crop has been exceptionally good, and the bulk of it has 
 been got in perfectly dry. The prospect for seed clover is not good, but the young clover 
 looks well. Haldimand reports give an average of two tons per acre for timothy, and 
 about one ton for clover — " a very good crop and well secured." In Welland the corre- 
 spondents of the Bureau unite in saying that timothy was excellent and abundant — "an 
 enormous crop well secured." The clover crop was badly heaved out by spring frosts, and 
 all the reports are unfavourable. 
 
 Timothy is almost invariably reported considerably above the average in the Lake 
 Huron counties, except in some parts of the county of Bruce, and even these exceptions 
 do not place the return lower than " a fair average crop." From 1| to If tons per 
 acre would probably be a tolerably accurate estimate of the crop for the entire district, 
 and it was saved in the very best condition. Clover is almost a failure, owing to its 
 having been " heaved " and winter-killed. 
 
 The reports from the Georgian Bay counties are almost without exception very 
 favourable, both as regards the yield and the condition in which the crop was secured. There 
 are very few exceptions to the uniform report that the yield per acre is fully up to and, 
 in some cases, above the average ; while correspondents are unanimous in stating that 
 farmers have had the finest possible weather for their haying season, and that the crop 
 has everywhere been well saved. In a few localities, where clover has principally been 
 relied on for hay, the injury from winter frosts has materially afiecteci the yield, but the 
 general average is estimated by farmers at from IJ to 2 tons per acre, which, in most 
 cases, will afford a surplus. 
 
 The " heaving " to which the clover was subjected last winter resulted in almost a 
 complete 'failure of the crop in many parts of the West Midland district, but timothy 
 has been so heavy a crop and so well harvested that on the whole the hay crop will be 
 above an average. Some correspondents in Middlesex and Oxford report that owing to 
 the very favourable weather of June clover made a fair recovery, and will be little below 
 the average ; and the invariable report is that the hay crop was never saved in better 
 condition than it was this year. From 1^ to 1|^ tons an acre would probably be a close 
 approximation to the yield throughout the district. 
 
 Throughout the district bordering on the shore of Lake Ontario, from Addington on 
 the east to Lincoln on the west, the crop of timothy hay has been quite up to and, in 
 many cases, above the average. Nearly all the reports speak of the hay crop as being 
 heavy so far as timothy is concerned, but clover is everywhere a failure, owing to the 
 severity of winter and spring frosts. A large proportion of meadow land, however, is 
 wholly or partially sown with timothy and other grasses, and the failure of the clover 
 
crop will not affect the hay supply so seriously as it will that of pasture and second crop 
 for clover seed. Reports state that the supply of clover seed must be almost nil, and not 
 at all suflaoient to meet even the local demand. The weather for haying has been all that 
 could be desired, and the entire crop has been housed in prime condition. Owing to the 
 lateness of the season haying operations had in some cases to be suspended for a time to 
 attend to the cuttiug of fall wheat, and farmers have been sorely pressed to keep abreast 
 of their work. 
 
 Reports from the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties state that haying was commenced 
 about the 18th or 20th of July, and housed about the 3rd of August. The weather was 
 very favourable to saving the crop, all of which was stored in fine condition. The clover 
 is almost universally spoken of as a failure ; " very light," " winter-killed," " very poor," 
 and in rare instances "average," are the expressions used by correspondents. The hay 
 crop, on the, contrary, is pronounced very good, especially on new meadows — 1 and 1^ 
 tons per acre being mentioned as the yield. Though surpassed in quantity by last year's 
 crop, the quality is superior. 
 
 In the counties of Victoria and Peterborough the reports pronounce hay a fair 
 average crop, and a very large percentage of it has been safely gathered. In Douro 
 (Peterboro'), timothy averaged IJ tons per acre. Throughout the four East Midland 
 counties clover has been an almost complete failure — the cold weather of May having 
 retarded such of it as had not been winter-killed. In Haliburton and Hastings the hay 
 crop is reported much beltJw the average, the yield not being 50 per cent, of last year's 
 crop, Old meadows are pronounced scarcely worth cutting. 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties the stage of fall wheat harvest on the 1st of August 
 ranged from " nearly all under cover " in Essex, to " reaping about half done " in Welland. 
 On rich, loamy and low-lying lands there was a rank growth of straw, and much of it was 
 beaten down with rain in the latter part of June. The usual results followed ; the food 
 supply of the lodged grain was stinted, and the crop generally was stricken with rust. 
 In some localities the rust has done considerable damage, and nearly all the reports say 
 that the berry is not a first-rate sample— "it is shrunk a little." In the eastern town- 
 ships of Essex and the western townships of Kent farmers were surprised to find the 
 wheat badly shrivelled on low ground, the change having mainly taken place in the last 
 week of ripening. In some fields there is " hardly a kernel that is merchantable," but 
 as there was an extensive acreage under crop the quantity will in some measure make up 
 for the quality. Grain threshed in the neighbourhood of Amherstburgh turns out 30 to 
 40 bushels per acre. In Kent reaping was well advanced and about one-half of • the crop 
 saved before work was stopped by the heavy rain storm which set in on the 31st July and 
 continued for four or five days. The quality of the grain is variable, but the bulk of it 
 is slightly shrunken ; the yield is estimated at 20 to 25 bushels per acre. In Elgin late 
 varieties of wheat and fields injured by spring frost have been struck with rust and the 
 grain is shrivelled, but on properly drained land the crop is excellent. In the best wheat- 
 growing districts the yield will range from 23 to 30 bushels per acre. About one-half of 
 the crop was taken off at the date of the returns, but so much of the grain was lodged 
 that reaping was tedious and difficult. Some fields in the township of Y armouth have 
 been attacked with the midge. In Norfolk the fall wheat has not been so good a crop in 
 twenty years. The heads are long and filled with plump grain, and no great damage has 
 been done by lodging except on heavy or badly-drained lands. The yield is estimated at 
 20 to 30 bushels per acre. About one-half the crop was housed on the 1st inst. Some 
 injury has been done by rust in Haldimand, especially on low and undrained lands. A 
 few fields that have been reaped and threshed are reported as yielding 20 bushels per . 
 acre, and this promises to be the general average. In Welland half the crop was reaped 
 on the 1st inst. The quality varies from " poor " to " extra good," and the general average 
 both as to quality and quantity is under last year's. Spring wheat is only grown to a 
 limited extent in these counties. The reports of its condition are favourable. An Elgin 
 
correspondent says the crop is better than for many years, and bids fair to turn out 25 
 bushels per acre. In Essex the grain is plump and bright, and the yield is estimated at 
 15 to 20 bushels per acre. 
 
 In the three fine counties comprised in the Lake Huron group the fall wheat yield 
 will be considerably above an average. This remark is especially applicable to the counties 
 of Huron and Bruce, — " the largest and best I have ever seen in this locality," " a splendid 
 crop," "remarkably good," "much above the average," being among the expressions 
 employed by correspondents in describing the condition of the crop in these counties. In 
 the lower-lying lands of the St. Clair valley the yield will not be quite so large, owing 
 partly to rust, partly to the grain having " lodged " badly in some localities, and, to a 
 smaller extent, on account of its having been damaged by heavy rains in the early part 
 of harvest. Correspondents in the township of Tuckersmith report that the Hessian fly 
 has seriously damaged the crop, but apparently its ravages have been limited to a com- 
 paratively small area, and in one locality where it has been operating a correspondent 
 estimates, notwithstanding, a return of 23 bushels to the acre. Spring wheat will be at 
 least an average crop, though it has suffered severely by drought in some parts of Huron 
 and Bruce, and in other localities the midge has proved very destructive. As predicted 
 in the last report, the harvest of both fall wheat and the spring grains will be considerably 
 later than usual. 
 
 In Grey and Simcoe the bulk of the fall wheat crop was cut and ready for housing 
 when the data for this report were forwarded, and spring wheat was well advanced in 
 head. Fall wheat cutting commenced in some cases as early as July 22nd, and became 
 general a few days later. The crop has fully borne out the large expectations that were 
 indulged in respecting it throughout this district during the earlier stages of its growth. 
 Not a single unfavourable report has been received from these counties, but all say that 
 it is uniformly heavy, the heads large, the grain plump, and the straw bright and free 
 from rust. One correspondent in Artemesia says this year's fall wheat is the best ever 
 harvested in that township, another in St. Vincent estimates the yield in his township 
 at the high average of 35 bushels per acre, while others place the average in their respec- 
 tive localities at figures varying from 25 to 35 bushels per acre. As the weather has 
 continued favourable, the safety of the fall wheat crop is now assured beyond a perad- 
 venture ; and when it is considered that a large area was sown in these counties, a 
 correspondingly large output of wheat of good quality and in excellent condition may 
 confidently be looked for. Spring wheat is rather short and light owing to the long 
 season of dry weather, and the yield will be under the average. In one locality the 
 Hessian fly has damaged the crop very seriously, leaving some fields almost worthless. 
 Spring wheat harvest will be proportionately later than the fall wheat harvest has been. 
 
 At the date at which the reports were made the bulk of the fall wheat in the West 
 Midland counties had been cut, though only a comparatively small portion had been 
 housed. The yield is almost invariably reported as " above an average," and one corre- 
 spondent in Waterloo goes so far as to say that " it is the best for 50 years." Owing 
 to the crop being so heavy, and also on account of the rain storms which appear to have 
 visited the greater part of the district in the early part of July, " lodging " was very 
 general and harvest operations consequently slow and expensive. Another result of 
 the wet weather was rust, though it is by no means so generally complained of. Consider- 
 able quantities of rain also fell in some parts of the district during the last few days of 
 July, and, as a large portion of the crop was under exposure in shock or otherwise, fears 
 are expressed that the sample will be inferior; indeed some correspondents report that 
 " sprouting" had already begun. Spring wheat is not much grown in the district. In 
 Perth and Waterloo it is reported as sufiering from the midge, but it will probably be an 
 average crop. 
 
 The reports on the crop from the Lake Ontario counties vary considerably, and so 
 far as fall wheat is concerned they are influenced largely by the amount of injury 
 inflicted by the frost. A large area of fall wheat throughout this district was so severely 
 winter-killed that it was considered worthless, and had to be ploughed up. Reports as 
 to the balance vary all the way from an estimate of one-third of a crop up to a full 
 average, and in some cases above ftn average. One correspondent in Lincoln says the 
 
fall wheat crop is better than has been grown in that district since 1854, and reports from 
 the county of York and a few other favoured localities are extremely flattering. In 
 many sections the later grain has been smitten with rust, causing the berry to shrink, 
 but with this exception it appears bright and plump, and the heads are of good size. 
 Harvesting commenced generally during the last week in July, and the bulk of the crop 
 was cut and housed during the ten days following. No damage from insects has taken 
 place. Spring wheat is only sown to a moderate extent, and is injured somewhat by the 
 prolonged drought which is causing the grain to ripen prematurely. In the county of 
 Lennox and elsewhere the midge has committed serious damage, and the weevil has 
 appeared in other districts. Special mention is made of the Wild Goose variety, which 
 appears to be exempt from insect attacks. In many districts, however, there is a full 
 crop, and it is fast approaching maturity. 
 
 The prospects of a good yield of fall wheat in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties 
 were never very encouraging this year, and although such as was spared by the frost picked 
 up wonderfully during the past few weeks it can scarcely be called a fair average. 
 " About half-crop," " much below an average," and " very light," are common expressions. 
 From Kenyon comes the report of a third of a crop, while in Lancaster it is an utter 
 failure. Special mention is made in numerous instances of the destructive effects of frost 
 in undrained fields. The acreage sown was not large. Spring wheat on the other hand 
 was largely sown, and the prospects of an excellent crop are favourable. Some reports 
 place the average at 20 bushels to the acre. Complaints of rust, midge, or Hessian 
 fly are rare, occurring in only one or two reports. The confident tone of correspondents, 
 and the constant recurrence of "never better" in their reports, warrant very favourable 
 expectations of this crop. Barring unforeseen accidents, the yield will be greater than 
 for many years. 
 
 A considerable portion of the fall wheat sown in the East Midland counties was 
 killed by spring frosts and winter exposure, especially on badly drained lands. What 
 was left is not so good as last year's crop (which, however, was an extraordinary one), 
 but in some townships of Victoria and Peterborough it is expected to yield 30 to 35 
 bushels per acre. The heads are well filled, and the grain a good sample. In Hastings 
 and Haliburton only a small area of fall wheat was sown, and the greater portion of it was 
 winter-killed or heaved out by spring frosts ; what was left, however, is reported very 
 good. Harvesting is progressing favourably. The reports are unanimous in pronouncing 
 spring wheat extremely good. Not merely has a large area been put under crop, but the 
 yield is expected to exceed the average of other years. It -will be ripe for reaping about 
 the 20th inst. The midge has been operating to some extent in Mariposa, but the damage 
 wrought by it is slight. 
 
 BARLEY. 
 
 Barley in the Lake Erie counties is generally reported as a fair crop, but, excepting 
 in Haldimand, it is not largely grown. Harvesting was fairly under way at the date of 
 the returns, but the unsettled weather prevailing since that time has made it impossible 
 to save the grain in good condition for the market. A yield of 35 bushels per acre is 
 looked for in Essex, where the crop was harvested early. 
 
 The crop is reported " heavy " from all parts of the Lake Huron district, and a larger 
 breadth than usual has been sown. Correspondents speak rather dubiously, however, of 
 the quality, owing to the heavy rains which prevailed over large areas at the time of 
 making the reports, and which it was feared would discolour the sample if it worked no 
 more serious injury. The barley harvest crowded closely on that of fall wheat, and on 
 the 1st of August a considerable quantity had been cut in some parts of the district. 
 
 In the counties bordering on the Georgian Bay only a moderate area is devoted to 
 the growth of this grain. The later reports of the crop, in common with those of other 
 spring grains, is not as encouraging as it was earlier in the season. The dry weather of 
 the past five or six weeks has told with particular severity on barley, arresting the 
 growth of straw, and forcing the young grain too rapidly to maturity. A number of 
 
townships report barley as being over the average, but the bulk of the returns state that 
 there will be less than an average crop. Cutting had commenced in some localities on 
 the 1st instant, and is probably pretty nearly finished by this date. 
 
 The barley harvest had not. advanced very far in the West Midland counties when 
 reports were made, but the indications are that it wili be fully an average crop. The 
 reports from Brant, Perth, Waterloo and parts of Middlesex indicate that the sample 
 will not be so bright as last year's, owing to the heavy rains which prevailed just at the 
 beginning of harvest. A few correspondents report that it is " very heavy, but badly 
 broken down." 
 
 In the district along the shore of Lake Ontario, where barley is largely grown, the 
 prospects are very encouraging. The crop is reported as being uniformly heavy in 
 straw and berry, particularly where it was sown tolerably early, and it promises to give 
 the best return of any of the spring grains. Correspondents in Prince Edward, perhaps 
 the leading barley county of the Province, say it will "easily average No. 1," "berry 
 bright and plump, and crop better headed than , usual," and the yield is estimated to 
 average 30 bushels per acre. In the counties of York and Ontario the crop has been 
 unusually heavy, and it has been fair throughout the entire district, with a few exceptions 
 where the severe drought has caused the grain to ripen too rapidly. Cutting commenced 
 in some cases as early as July 24th, and at the time of sending in the returns from the 
 different localities about half of it was safely housed. Where the value of a crop depends 
 so much on the condition of the weather during the harvesting period, as in the case of 
 barley, it is gratifying to know, from the tone of the reports, and from the fact of the 
 weather continuing favourable up to the close of barley harvest, that the bulk of the 
 crop in this district has been secured in good order. The only damage from moisture is 
 reported from the county of York and one or two other sections which were visited by 
 local rains, as the grain then exposed would lose its colour. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties, where a moderate area of barley is grown, 
 the harvest was well under way at the date of these returns, and in some localities .a con- 
 siderable quantity was secured under cover. The reports throughout show that the crop 
 had quite recovered from the effects of the excessive rains which fell during the early part 
 of the season, and was everywhere, with few exceptions, thick on the ground and heavy 
 in the straw and head. In a few plades the growth was so rapid that the crop lodged and 
 became rusted, causing the grain to lose colour and shrink ; but with these exceptions the 
 sample was everywhere plump and of good size, and the crop was being rapidly secured in 
 good condition. The yield is estimated to average 40 bushels per acre. 
 
 In the East Midland counties barley is on the whole an excellent crop. In Victoria 
 it is uniformly good. A Fenelon correspondent says it is "without exception a splendid 
 crop," while in Mariposa it was '■ never better." In Peterboro' and Haliburton no failures 
 are reported ; such is also the case in Hastings, except in the townships of Dungannon 
 and Huntington, where it is " not as good as last year." Throughout the whole district a 
 large percentage had been safely harvested before the 1st of August. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 Oats will be a fair crop in the Lake Erie counties. In Essex and Kent, where they 
 were sown early, there was a good growth of straw, but some injury has been done by rust. 
 They are also badly lodged in some localities. In Essex and Elgin the estimates of yield 
 range from 40 to 60 bushels per acre. In Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland the crop has 
 suffered to some extent from drought, but it is expected to turn out a good average. 
 
 It is rather early to estimate with accuracy the crop of the year in the Lake Huron 
 counties, especially as it was put in unusually late in this district, but the prospects are 
 that there will be at least an average yield. From the county of Bruce many of the 
 reports are unfavourable, the crop having apparently suffered seriously from the drought. 
 Correspondents in Huron, on the other hand, declare almost unanimously that the return 
 will be considerably above an average, some estimating the yield at from 45 to 50 bushels 
 an acre, and others at from 20 to 25 per cent, above the average. In Lambton the 
 
10 
 
 indications are that there will be from a fair to an average return. In several localities 
 they are reported to be " lodged " badly. 
 
 Reports from the counties of Simcoe and Grey, in the latter of which there is usually 
 a large acreage sown to oats, indicate that the crop is quite light and cannot be up to the 
 average. The dry weather of the>past six weeks is given as the cause, following a spring 
 season in which the plants had not obtained sufficient strength 'to withstand a drought. 
 Only in a few favoured localities are oats reported as being good, and the bulk of the 
 returns point to a considerable falling off from the average. The crop is still quite green, 
 and will require several weeks to mature. 
 
 The oat harvest, like that of other spring grains, will be from ten days to a fortnight 
 later than usual in the West Midland counties, but the indications are that there will be 
 fully an average yield. Several correspondents in Dufferin and Waterloo report that the 
 crop" will be short owing to drought, but the only exceptions to the favourable reports 
 from the other parts qf the district are a few isolated instances in which " lodging " and 
 rust are threatened from excessive rains. 
 
 Throughout the Lake Ontario counties oats appear to promise a full average crop, 
 and in some cases the prospect is extra good. Those fields which were earliest sown are 
 the best. In a few sections the crop is rather thin and short in the straw, owing to the 
 dry weather. Ripening is somewhat late, and cutting is not expected to begin much 
 before the 15th inst. in the most favoured localities. No injury from insect or other 
 causes is reported. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa district the oat crop, of which there is a fair acreage 
 sown, promises to be one of the best for years. The straw is quite free from rust and 
 smut, and there, have been no attacks by insect pests. The crop is ripening fast, and 
 will be ready to cut about the 15th inst. Forty bushels per acre is estimated as the 
 average yield. 
 
 ■ In the East Midland counties oats will this year be about an average crop. In Victoria 
 they are well headed out, but short in the straw, especially in Mariposa. In Peterborough 
 the crop is more uneven, being " never better " in some districts and light in others. In 
 Haliburton prospects of a good average crop are entertained. The yield in Hastings, 
 Hungerford and Huntingdon excepted, is expected to be fair. In Sydney, Thurlow and 
 Tyendinaga oats were put in late, and are somewhat backward. 
 
 PEAS. 
 
 The- pea crop in the Lake Erie counties was kept in check by the cold and wet 
 weather of June, and after making a good start it was again arrested by the drought of 
 July. The yield will not exceed half a crop, and owing to the ravages of the bug the 
 quality will be inferior. The most favourable accounts are received from Norfolk and 
 Haldimand. One report from Essex says the yield will reach 25 bushels per acre, and that 
 the bug has done less harm than in former years. 
 
 In the northern parts of the Lake Huron district the crop promises to be below an 
 average. In the hope of avoiding the ravages of the bug they are always sown as late 
 as possible, and this year the unfavourable spring kept them still further back, so that, 
 they never recovered from the dry weather which in Bruce and parts of Huron caught 
 them at an early stage of their growth. In Lambton they are reported as sufiering from 
 the opposite cause — too much rain. Averaging the estimates made by correspondents in 
 different parts of the district a yield of 20 bushels per acre, barring unfavourable harvest 
 weather, may be safely predicted. 
 
 In Grey and Simcoe peas give better promise than some other spring grains, and the 
 reports respecting this crop are with few exceptions uniformly good. This may be largely 
 owing to the fact that a prolonged season of drought does not affect the pea plant as 
 seriously as those of the cereal grains, from its greater power of drawing moisture and 
 sustenance from the atmosphere. No injury from mildew or any kind of insect pest has 
 occurred so far to the crop in this district. 
 
 The reports from the West Midland counties are on the whole favourable ; but the 
 
11 
 
 proviso is nearly always added, " if the bug does not interfere,'' and apparently he gener- 
 ally does interfere. Some correspondents in Middlesex report that the crop will be light 
 owing to excessive rains, but this condition of things is confined to a very limited area. 
 
 Owing to the prevalence of the pea bug in the Lake Ontario counties for years past, 
 a very limited area is sown, and with few exceptions the crop is suffering seriously from 
 the ravages of the bug and from want of rain. Only in a few instances are full crops of 
 peas reported in this district. 
 
 In some parts of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties peas this season are very 
 heavy, and the yield will be large. In others the crop is under the average, espe- 
 cially that sown in badly drained fields. No mention is made of the pea bug, from which 
 it may be inferred that the abundant crop will be harvested free from the attacks of this 
 pest. 
 
 With the exception of the township of Huntingdon not a single failure of the pea 
 crop is reported from the East Midland district. On the 1st of August it was reported 
 " rapidly ripening," though none was harvested at that date. " Good," " looking well," 
 " better than for many years," are the general expressions. Thirty bushels to the acre 
 is reported for Otonabee. 
 
 CORK 
 
 This crop is very unpromising throughout the Lake Erie counties, and nearly all the 
 correspondents say it will not be more than half a crop unless the weather continues 
 favourable throughout the fall. It made excellent progress during the last three weeks 
 of July, but the previous cold and wet weather was very unseasonable for it. The crop 
 can only be called good on the uplands, and " everything depends now on a fine fall." It 
 was only coming out in tassel at the date of the returns. 
 
 Corn is not extensively cultivated in the Lake Huron district. Where grown it is 
 reported as late for the season, but of promising appearance. 
 
 In the West Midland counties where grown it promises to- be considerably below an 
 average crop, the cold weather of spring proving very unfavourable to its growth. In 
 Middlesex it is all but a total failure. In Oxford it is generally pronounced late and 
 uncertain, though doing fairly well, while in Waterloo it promises at most to be but a fair 
 crop. 
 
 In the eastern counties of the Province the crop will under the most favourable 
 conditions of weather be a very inferior one. 
 
 BEANS. 
 
 There is a considerable area sown with beans in the Lake Erie counties, but chiefly 
 in Kent and Norfolk. The crop is reported very good from many sections of those 
 counties, while in others it has been ploughed up. The bean weevil is doing some injury 
 in Kent, on the north side of the Thames, and also in the township of Woodhouse, in 
 Norfolk. Good reports are received from the counties of Brant and Eenfrew. In the 
 latter county there is always a good local demand for beans as a winter supply for the 
 lumber shanties. 
 
 In other sections of the Province beans are chiefly grown as a garden crop. 
 
 ROOTS. 
 
 The chief root crop of the Lake Erie counties is potatoes ; turnips, mangolds and 
 carrots are only grown by the better class of farmers, who appreciate their value as 
 winter fodder for live stock. Potatoes are reported good in the three western counties, 
 but in the three eastern ones growth was checked by the dry weather of July. The bug 
 appears to be as plentiful as ever, but he is generally allowed a short career. " We watch 
 him," a correspondent remarks ; and farmers know that wherever the potato beetle appears 
 the safety of the crop depends on vigilance. 
 
12 
 
 In Huron and Bruce, where they are largely cultivated, turnips and mangolds are 
 reported to have suffered severely from the fly — so much so that many fields of mangolds 
 were ploughed up — a most exceptional experience with regard to this crop. Potatoes will 
 on the whole be below an average crop. A few correspondents report that the Colorado 
 beetle was " never worse," while in Bruce and the northern parts of Huron the drought 
 is said to be responsible for the very unpromising condition of the crop. 
 
 Roots will not as a rule be an abundant crop in Grey and Simcoe, owing to the 
 extreme dryness of the season. Potatoes are in fair condition, though sadly in need of 
 rain, but in many instances farmers failed entirely to secure a " catch " of turnips, man- 
 golds or carrots. With the later roots very much will depend on the character of the 
 season which is yet to follow, but at best there can hardly be more than half a crop. 
 
 Potatoes promise to be a fairly good crop in the West Midland counties. Bugs are 
 reported in increasing numbers in many localities, while a few correspondents report 
 that they are fewer than formerly. Turnips will not be more than half a crop, except in 
 a few localities, the fly having proved so destructive that many fields were sown a second 
 time. In Perth, however, the general report is that they are " late, but promising." 
 Mangolds, where cultivated at all, are reported to promise a good return. 
 
 In the counties bordering on Lake Ontario roots and hoed crops generally have suf- 
 fered severely from the lack of rain. Potatoes are usually small in size and number and 
 are ripening prematurely, and the beetle is causing considerable aimoyance. Turnips 
 are poor, owing to the unfavourable season and the fly combined, and mangolds and 
 carrots, though making somewhat better growth, will be short of a full crop. The present 
 is a critical time in the growing season of root crops, and a few showers of rain would 
 have a wonderful effect in promoting the growth of the young plants where a stand has 
 been secured. 
 
 Indications in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties are that there will be a large 
 yield of roots. The turnip crop promises well, and no complaints have come to hand of 
 the fly. Potatoes are in particularly good condition, notwithstanding the bug. 
 
 In the East Midland counties the root crop bids fair to be above an average. Pota- 
 toes are growing finely in all the counties, but turnips are suffering from the attacks of 
 the fly. Mangolds and carrots are not largely grown, but they are doing fairly well. 
 
 FRUIT. 
 
 The counties along the shore of Lake Erie comprise the best fruit-growing section 
 of Ontario, but the reports show that the crop this year is far below an average. 
 Although it is the bearing year for apples there will be less than a third of an average 
 crop, and the quality is inferior. Peaches will be less than a third of a crop in the lake- 
 shore townships of Essex and Kent, and in Elgin and Norfolk they are confined to very 
 narrow limits along the shore of the lake. Plums are plentiful in Welland, Haldimand 
 and portions of Essex, and grapes are an excellent crop in all the counties. Cherries 
 have been very deficient, both in quantity and quality. Pears will be an average crop. 
 Apple, pear and plum trees looked very sickly in Kent throughout June and part of July, 
 but they are making a new growth now, and are likely to recover. 
 
 As predicted in the last report, orchard fruits, and especially apples, are almost a 
 complete failure in the Lake Huron counties. Pears and cherries are in some cases excepted, 
 but peaches and plums are almost nil. Small fruits and grapes are a fair crop. 
 
 The apple crop in the Georgian Bay region will not be nearly so large as was expected 
 when the trees were in bloom. A large quantity of the young fruit has fallen off, and several , 
 of the correspondents mention a blight on apple trees which has never been known 
 before — the leaves curling up and the general appearance of the tree becoming unhealthy. 
 In one or two localities damage is reported from a heavy frost which came early in July. 
 Plums are almost a total failure. Grapes, where grown, are reported as being plentiful, 
 and there is a moderate crop of pears. The dry season, however, will, in almost all 
 cases, cause fruit to be smaller in size than usual. 
 
 In the West Midland counties apples are almost a total failure, owing to a blight 
 
13 
 
 which killed the fruit just as it was beginning to set, and in some instances the trees as 
 well. The plum crop will be far below an average. A few correspondents mention that 
 the " black knot " is proving very destructive to the plum trees. Other orchard fruits will 
 be very light ; but small fruits, generally speaking, are a fair crop. 
 
 In the Lake Ontario counties the crop will be far below the average. Even in 
 apples, which is the only fruit giving promise of anything like a fair yield, growers 
 state that there will not be half a crop, and the quality will be inferior. The apple worm 
 has made its appearance in almost every section of this district in considerable numbers, 
 and this with the dry weather has caused more than half of the young fruit to fall from 
 the trees. Pears, where grown, are a middling crop. Plums are almost a total failure. 
 Small fruits are tolerably abundant. 
 
 From about half the townships in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the reports 
 of the apple crop are favourable, but in many sections it will be under an average. 
 Frost and high winds have injured the fruit to a considerable extent, and during the 
 recent hot weather the crop was further thinned by what seemed to be a blight. Plums, 
 cherries and small fruit are a failure. 
 
 Similar reports are received from the East Midland counties. Apples will be less 
 than half a crop. 
 
 PASTURES AND LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Pasture grass in the Lake Erie counties had a late start in the spring, but throughout 
 June and the first half of July it grew finely and live stock improved with it. In the 
 latter part of July pasture fields in Essex and Welland were affected by the drought, but 
 these are recovering again. Sheep and store cattle are reported in good condition, but 
 the supply this year scarcely exceeds the local demand. Milch cows are in a thriving 
 condition, and the dairying interest is prosperous. 
 
 Except in the county of Bruce and more limited areas in the northern part of Huron, 
 where they have been severely parched by continued dry weather, pastures are reported 
 " never better " and live stock "in splendid condition" throughout the Lake Huron 
 counties. The copious showers with which the greater part of the district was visited 
 almost every week of June and July brought forward the pastures rapidly, and the 
 season has been in consequence very favourable both for stockraisers and dairymen. 
 Correspondents remark very generally on the scarcity of store cattle, the increasing 
 demands of the English market and the North-West combining to exceed the possibilities 
 of supply. The unusually high price of beef this season is mentioned as another factor 
 in bringing about the scarcity of young live stock for fattening purposes, of which there 
 are fewer this year than for several past seasons. 
 
 In the Georgian Bay district the effect of the dry season has been to reduce the 
 amount of pasturage very materially. From nearly every section complaints come that 
 pastures are parched and dried up, and that stock is losing flesh. This state of things is 
 detrimental to the dairying interest, as well as to the supply of fat cattle for market, 
 which is reported as being limited and confined chiefly to young animals of two, or at the 
 most three years old. In many cases cattle have to be driven for miles to water. The 
 deficiency in pasture is being supplied in some localities by a judicious system of soiling, 
 to which more attention is being paid by farmers. ■'"' 
 
 Generally speaking pastures have been very rich in the West Midland counties, 
 though in Waterloo and parts of Wellington they are reported as sufiering severely from 
 the drought of the latter part of July, Cattle, however, are in fine condition throughout 
 almost the entire district. The scarcity of store cattle is frequently mentioned, one 
 correspondent estimating that the supply this year will be at least twenty per cent, less 
 than last year. Dairymen report a very prosperous year. " Pink-eye " is said to be very 
 prevalent among horses in some parts of the county of Wellington, but there have been 
 few, if any, fatal cases. 
 
 Throughout the counties on the Lake Ontario shore pastures are as a rule very 
 short, and, unless where supplemented by other feed, they are not sufficient to keep live 
 stock in flesh. One correspondent says, " In my long experience as a farmer, I never saw 
 
14 
 
 pastures much worse. Little butcher stuff is to be found, and many farmers are feeding 
 hay." The trouble is increased by the scarcity of clover, which has mainly to be relied 
 on for pasturage during the dry season. The dairying interest, which receives a good deal 
 of attention in some sections of this district, is suffering also, and complaints are made 
 that the flow of milk cannot be kept up. Live stock is quite free from disease in this 
 district, with the exception of a few cases in which horses have suffered from "pink-eye." 
 
 Prior to the late drought the pasture was excellent in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 counties. Two weeks' constant dryness parched it considerably, but the recent rains have 
 placed it again in a very fair condition. In consequence of this the yield of milk has 
 been very gratifying, and the dairy and cheese-making industries have prospered accord- 
 ingly. In some instances complaint is made that the milk does not yield as much butter 
 as formerly. From the prominence given to the dairy and cheese-making interests in the 
 reports it may be inferred that these industries are on the increase. Live stock is unani- 
 mously reported as looking well. " In good condition," " doing well," " in excellent con- 
 dition," are the usual remarks. Meat is scarce and dear, and few cattle are sent to the 
 foreign market. 
 
 Pasture, with few exceptions, has been excellent during almost the whole season 
 throughout the East Midland district. It suffered to some extent by the continued 
 drought, but has picked up again since the rain. As a natural consequence of the good 
 pasture the dairying industry has been flourishing. Considerable quantities of butter 
 and cheese have been made, especially in Victoria and Peterborough. From every part 
 of the district reports speak well of the condition of live stock. In some sections cattle 
 were thin in the spring; "now," says one correspondent, "you can't find a thin beast." 
 Few thoroughbreds are raised, and fat cattle are eagerly bought up by the buyers. Many 
 farmers have each three or four head of cattle fattening for the fall and winter markets. 
 
 LABOUE AND WAGES. 
 
 Throughout the Lake Erie counties farmers found it difficult to procure hands in the ( 
 haying and harvesting season.- In Essex, Kent and Elgin wages by the day in harvest 
 time ranged from $2 to $2.50, and some reports say $3 ; for the whole season the rate 
 has been $25 to $35 per month. In Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland harvest hands 
 were paid $1.50 to $2 per day, and haymakers from $1.25 to $1.50. Labourers in some 
 counties are more numerous now. 
 
 The scarcity of farm labourers and the high rate of wages paid them is a very general 
 subject of remark by' correspondents in the Lake Huron counties. Harvest hands are 
 paid from $1.50 to $2.50, and in some cases $3 per day, and from $25 to $45 per month 
 for long engagements. Even at these figures a sufficiency of experienced men is hardly 
 procurable, and in many cases mechanics and others not accustomed to farm labour have 
 been tempted into the harvest fields. Among the results of this scarcity, frequently 
 commented upon, one is the constantly increasing application of machinery to farm 
 labour, and another — perhaps not so desirable — the utilization to a greater extent than 
 usual of female help in saving the crops. 
 
 In the Georgian Bay counties the supply is short of the demand, and wages run from 
 $25 to $40 per month, with boardjH* 
 
 "Labour scarce and wages high" is the remark made by almost all correspondents 
 in the West Midland counties — the wages for harvest hands running from $1.50 to 
 $3 per day, and from $25 to $45 per month. The result of the scarcity is the purchase 
 of increasing numbers of such labour-saving machines as self-binding reapers, detached 
 binders, etc. 
 
 In the Lake Ontario counties, notwithstanding the very general use of labour-savin" 
 implements, harvest labour is scarce, and wages are high. From $1.50 to $2.25 per day 
 is paid for labourers, with board, and by the month good men command from $55 to $75 
 for the two months of harvest. 
 
 From every part of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa district the report comes that 
 hired labour is very scarce and that high prices are being paid. One dollar per day and 
 
15 
 
 board is usually paid, but the figures run up to $1.25 and |1.50. Where engagements 
 are made by the month wages run from $18 to $30. Not merely is the scarcity confined 
 to hired men ; servant girls are also scarce, and can hardly be procured at all, although 
 from $6 to $10 per month is offered. It is estimated that more reapers and mowers have 
 been purchased by farmers this season than in any two former years. 
 
 In Yictoria wages range from $35 to $40 per month, and from $1.25 to $1.75 per 
 day. " Everybody is asking about $40 per month, and it seems impossible to get men 
 even for that." In Peterborough men are getting $1.50 or $2 per day, and $25 to $45 
 by the month. In Hastings and Haliburton wages range from $1 to $2, while those 
 engaging by the month can easily get $40. 
 
 THE CEOPS ELSEWHEEE. 
 
 The Eeport of the United States Department of Agriculture for August estimates 
 that the product of winter and spring wheat will slightly exceed 500,000j000 bushels. 
 Extravagant estimates which assume fifteen to twenty per cent, more, it adds, are wild 
 assumptions needlessly tending to reduce the price of wheat in the hands of farmers. 
 Assuming the correctness of the Department's estimates, the surplus for export will be 
 200,000,000 bushels. 
 
 The condition of spring wheat is better than for several years past. In northern 
 Iowa the crop is the best since 1877, and the returns for Dakota and Nebraska are 
 also highly favourable. In parts of Minnesota, however, there are indications of rust 
 and blight. The average for the whole spring wheat district is 97, against 100 last month. 
 
 The average condition of the corn crop is represented by 83, against 77 for last year, 
 and in many States circumstances are favourable for further improvement. In the 
 Southern States the average is about 100. 
 
 The general average condition of oats is 102, of spring rye 100, of barley 95, and of 
 potatoes 101. 
 
 A central office for the collection of European crop statistics has been established by 
 the United States Department, with headquarters at London, England, the object of 
 which is to give a true representation of the status of growing crops, and the results of 
 harvest free from the bias of class interests. A cable dispatch from this office, dated 
 August 9, says that the English wheat crop promises to be fully as high as the general 
 average, and that- the crop will be of good quality. In France the wheat crop is about 
 medium, and damaged by rain, but not seriously. In Germany there is more than an 
 average crop, but the quality is not good, having suffered severely from recent heavy 
 rains. The Russian and Austrian crops are reported as of average quality, and the 
 quantity of the Hungarian wheat crop is fully fifteen per cent, above the average, and 
 the quality an average. The European outlook is summarized as being favourable for an 
 average production, with a slight deterioration in quality. 
 
 A later report from Berlin says that the recent heavy rains have done incalculable 
 damage to the crops in many parts of Germany. In some districts the harvest is com- 
 pletely ruined. Grain crops of all descriptions, which by this time should be nearly all 
 harvested, lie rotting in the fields. The disaster is all the greater and more disappointing, 
 as for seventy years past Germany has never had the promise of so abundant a harvest 
 as the one of the present year. 
 
STATISTICS OF 
 
 Table I. — Showing, by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties, the number of 
 
 and upwards, on 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Lake Bbib Counties : 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent;.., 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Totals .... 
 
 Lake Huron Counties : 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Totals 
 
 Geoegian Bat Counties : 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Totals 
 
 West Midland Counties: 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 - Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 BuSerin 
 
 Totals 
 
 Lake Ontakio Counties : 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel ; 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 ' Totals :.. 
 
 No. 
 
 OF Horses. 
 
 Grade and Native Cattle. 
 
 Totals op 
 Cattle. 
 
 1 s 
 
 i 
 
 ID 
 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 
 i' 
 
 
 1 M 
 
 1^ 
 
 w 
 
 J 
 
 8 
 
 t 
 
 
 1 
 
 r^ 
 
 Sf- 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 t4 
 
 bo 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 11 
 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 ■3-3 
 do 
 
 o oe 
 
 7359 
 
 1800 
 
 2628 
 
 418 
 
 295 flfiSfl 
 
 4547 
 
 1(U.^7 
 
 9705 9!-'>S5fi 
 
 9394 
 
 2033 
 
 2783 
 
 538 
 
 175 
 
 16542 
 
 8415' 17240 
 
 16720 
 
 42910 
 
 9274 
 
 1809 
 
 2610 
 
 498 
 
 316 
 
 1782f 
 
 9838' 19160 18106 
 
 47640 
 
 7074 
 
 1270 
 
 2070 
 
 718 
 
 366 
 
 1311] 
 
 3824 
 
 10748 1.3.385 
 
 28767 
 25420 
 
 5942 
 
 1516 
 
 1978 
 
 461 
 
 90 
 
 10636 
 
 3850 
 
 10383 10770 
 
 5753 
 
 995 
 
 1530 
 
 281 
 
 240 
 
 7740 
 
 2750 
 
 6705 7842 
 
 17716 
 
 44796 
 
 ■9423 
 
 13599 
 
 2914 
 
 1484 
 
 7.5494 
 
 33224 
 
 746731 76528 
 
 187789 
 
 8641 
 
 1788 
 
 2731 
 
 659 
 
 39 
 
 18086 
 
 12807 
 
 23187 18283 
 
 54778 
 
 14537 
 
 3558 
 
 4795 
 
 1030 
 
 471 
 
 26943 
 
 17777 
 
 36.590 
 
 27132 
 
 82811 * 
 
 10926 
 
 2323 
 
 3059 
 
 707 
 
 913 22245 
 
 11409 
 
 26532 
 
 22440 
 
 , 61806 
 
 34104 
 
 7669 
 
 10585 
 
 2396 
 
 1423 67274 
 
 41993 
 
 86309 
 
 67855 
 
 199396?! 
 
 13250 
 
 2685 
 
 3550 
 
 682 
 
 2230 
 
 26094 
 
 15345 
 
 33484 
 
 26268 
 
 77836 
 
 12387 
 
 2691 
 
 3594 
 
 785 
 
 870 
 
 18961 
 
 9475 
 
 20532 
 
 19198 
 
 50623 
 
 25637 
 
 .5376 
 
 .7144 
 
 1467 
 
 3100 
 
 45055 
 
 24820 
 
 54016 
 
 45466 
 
 128458 
 
 15554 
 
 3523 
 
 4672 
 
 1420 
 
 87 
 
 32636 
 
 24421 
 
 37260 
 
 33014 
 
 95824 
 
 10103 
 
 2160 
 
 3073 
 
 959 
 
 91 
 
 27781 
 
 10177 
 
 19172 
 
 28160 
 
 58180 
 
 4845 
 
 966 
 
 1147 
 
 428 
 
 27 
 
 7907 
 
 2958 
 
 7438 
 
 8152 
 
 18758 
 
 11057 
 
 2481 
 
 3405 
 
 559 
 
 223 
 
 23652 
 
 10966 
 
 28779 
 
 23820 
 
 64179 
 
 11756 
 
 2654 
 
 3226 
 
 1419 
 
 551 
 
 19705 
 
 11962 
 
 27014 
 
 20130 
 
 60651 
 
 7775 
 
 1668 
 
 2144 
 
 754 
 
 158 
 
 12953 
 
 4792 
 
 14650 13152, 33307 
 
 4618 
 
 918i 1158 
 
 184 
 
 420 
 
 9174 
 
 5376 
 
 11677 
 
 9210 26831 
 
 65708 
 
 143701 18825 
 
 5723 
 
 1557 
 
 133808 
 
 70652 
 
 145990 
 
 135638 357730 
 
 4948 
 
 972 
 
 1376 
 
 338 
 
 79 
 
 6818 
 
 2344 
 
 5456 
 
 6951 
 
 16036 
 
 7325 
 
 1387 
 
 1823 
 
 482 
 
 251 
 
 11534 
 
 3341 
 
 9907 
 
 11677 
 
 26515 
 
 5144 
 
 931 
 
 1156 
 
 529 
 
 i-260 
 
 8017 
 
 3839 
 
 8830 
 
 8184 
 
 21475 
 
 6743 
 
 1565 
 
 1986 
 
 552 
 
 45 
 
 9734 
 
 4554 
 
 ,9281 
 
 9880 
 
 24166 
 
 15704 
 
 4041 
 
 4819 
 
 950 
 
 147 
 
 20879 
 
 6798 
 
 16157 
 
 21179 
 
 44931 
 
 11234 
 
 2810 
 
 3510 
 
 829 
 
 169 
 
 155.16 
 
 7542 
 
 20839 
 
 15822 
 
 44935 
 
 6415 
 
 1360 
 
 1887 
 
 652 
 
 111 
 
 88.57 
 
 4146 
 
 9981 8976 
 
 23747 
 
 7821 
 
 1164 
 
 1681 
 
 5S5 
 
 255 
 
 13263 
 
 3971 
 
 9213 13415 
 
 27237 
 
 6848 
 
 1180 
 
 1741 
 
 375 
 
 43 
 
 9690 
 
 1700 
 
 4883 
 
 97851 
 
 16691 
 
 7255 
 
 1008 
 
 1823 
 
 326 
 
 431 
 
 12508 
 
 3995 
 
 7945 
 
 12614 
 
 25206 
 
 79437 
 
 36418 
 
 21801 
 
 5568 
 
 1791 
 
 116856 
 
 42230 
 
 102492 
 
 118483 
 
 268937 
 
FAKM LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Pigs and Poultry in Ontario, as returned for Farms of five acres 
 31st May, 1882. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 POULTBY. 
 
 
 Ooaree- 
 
 Fine- 
 
 
 
 
 
 •s 
 
 
 WooUed. 
 
 WooUed. 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 ^ 
 
 U 
 
 "i 
 
 6 
 
 f^ 
 s 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •0 
 
 § . 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 '1 
 
 rH 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 f^ ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 U 
 
 (M 
 
 t4H 
 
 CM 
 
 
 ^ s 
 
 ^>. 
 
 g 2 
 
 ^i» 
 
 « 
 
 -§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.O 
 
 S'-' 
 
 S,o 
 
 S^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 
 iH 
 
 t3 
 
 1-i 
 
 U 
 
 T-H 
 
 P 
 
 fc 
 
 IZ! 
 
 !5 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Beib Cocnties : 
 
 10864 
 
 7092 
 
 1569 
 
 1133 
 
 10825 
 
 25884 
 
 4814 
 
 15624 
 
 105671 
 
 Essex. 
 
 
 12231 
 
 3937 
 
 2956 
 
 10150 
 
 24517 
 
 11663 
 
 19956 
 
 124830 
 
 Kent. 
 
 .^097 
 
 19614 
 
 3103 
 
 2250 
 
 8385 
 
 25648 
 
 6678 
 
 12301 
 
 118761 
 
 Elgin. 
 
 16465 
 
 12715 
 
 3820 
 
 2947 
 
 4851 
 
 19302 
 
 3863 
 
 9430 
 
 114807 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 16875 
 
 14100 
 
 3401 
 
 2712 
 
 3570 
 
 12878 
 
 6537 
 
 8897 
 
 82142 
 
 Haldimand. 
 
 11313 
 
 8084 
 
 2818 
 
 2245 
 
 2581 
 
 10224 
 
 6197 
 
 7154 
 
 79350 
 
 Welland. 
 
 101897 
 
 73836 
 
 18648 
 
 14243 
 
 40362 
 
 118453 
 
 39752 
 
 73362 
 
 625561 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Huron Counties : 
 
 30109 
 
 2.3410 
 
 4694 
 
 3502 
 
 5558 
 
 15029 
 
 6327 
 
 14216 
 
 107679 
 
 Lambton. 
 
 47349 
 
 38149 
 
 7511 
 
 5847 
 
 9745 
 
 19796 
 
 9283 
 
 25720 
 
 204859 
 
 Huron. 
 
 39216 
 
 32007 
 
 7181 
 
 5475 
 
 8740 
 
 18196 
 
 5142 
 
 17639 
 
 148205 
 
 Bruce. 
 
 116674 
 
 93566 
 
 19386 
 
 14824 
 
 24043 
 
 53021 
 
 20752 
 
 57575 
 
 460743 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Geokgian Bat Counties : 
 
 51002 
 
 39224 
 
 9403 
 
 8268 
 
 11260 
 
 23271 
 
 8097 
 
 21299 
 
 172120 
 
 Grey. 
 
 33970 
 
 24280 
 
 5168 
 
 3653 
 
 11699 
 
 26350 
 
 10509 
 
 25791 
 
 151310 
 
 Simcoe. 
 
 84972 
 
 63504 
 
 14571 
 
 11921 
 
 22959 
 
 49621 
 
 18606 
 
 47090 
 
 323430 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 
 46851 
 
 35899 
 
 5766 
 
 4317 
 
 10829 
 
 32962 
 
 17369 
 
 25391 
 
 210621 
 
 Middlese.x. 
 
 . 242U 
 
 18811 
 
 2683 
 
 1988 
 
 6465 
 
 21409 
 
 7213 
 
 8786 
 
 126005 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 15111 
 
 10765 
 
 2453 
 
 1748 
 
 2639 
 
 10651 
 
 4981 
 
 4996 
 
 60995 
 
 Brant. 
 
 34927 
 
 29224 
 
 6175 
 
 4198 
 
 8029 
 
 17635 
 
 9503 
 
 22434 
 
 153452 
 
 Perth. 
 
 46429 
 
 30038 
 
 4933 
 
 3639 
 
 7479 
 
 22528 
 
 7791 
 
 18171 
 
 147992 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 23296 
 
 17133 
 
 3567 
 
 2810 
 
 2960 
 
 12368 
 
 2022 
 
 6530 
 
 103022 
 
 Waterloo. 
 
 16339 
 
 12101 
 
 2911 
 
 1935 
 
 5067 
 
 10533 
 
 4853 
 
 11216 
 
 70664 
 
 Dufferin. 
 
 207164 
 
 153971 
 
 28488 
 
 20635 
 
 43468 
 
 128086 
 
 53732 
 
 97524 
 
 872751 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Ontabio Counties : 
 
 ''''■'9448 
 
 6371 
 
 2303 
 
 1429 
 
 2444 
 
 9745 
 
 5397 
 
 5193 
 
 62061 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 f^'jjggj^g 
 
 10816 
 
 2116 
 
 1585 
 
 3302 
 
 15464 
 
 4653 
 
 8153 
 
 86327 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 mm 
 
 8447 
 
 1293 
 
 1157 
 
 2250 
 
 9728 
 
 7119 
 
 9026 
 
 62267 
 
 Halton. 
 
 10969 
 
 1674 
 
 1117 
 
 4041 
 
 13333 
 
 11894 
 
 16080 
 
 88197 
 
 Peel. 
 
 30485 
 
 22773 
 
 4502 
 
 3556 
 
 8255 
 
 31900 
 
 14215 
 
 27305 
 
 188621 
 
 York. 
 
 28257 
 
 17934 
 
 4205 
 
 2949 
 
 7479 
 
 20385 
 
 8596 
 
 17071 
 
 132623 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 15S30 
 
 10641 
 
 1860 
 
 1265 
 
 4448 
 
 9675 
 
 8416 
 
 13616 
 
 72778 
 
 Durham. 
 
 15714 
 
 11329 
 
 2371 
 
 1788 
 
 5136 
 
 10705 
 
 6108 
 
 10646 
 
 94423 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 10440 
 
 7283 
 
 3923 
 
 2623 
 
 2431 
 
 , 5486 
 
 2928 
 
 6969 
 
 82591 Prince Edward. 
 
 15309 
 
 11555 
 
 3688 
 
 2281 
 
 3204 
 
 624S 
 
 2988 
 
 "7405 
 
 1 79392 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 Totals. 
 
 169311 118118 
 
 27935 
 
 19750 
 
 42990 
 
 132666 
 
 72313 
 
 121364 
 
 949280 
 
18 
 
 Table I. — Showing, by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties, the number of 
 
 and upwards, on 
 
 
 No. 
 
 OP Horses. 
 
 Grade and Native Cattle. 
 
 Totals oj 
 Cattle. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 03 
 
 2 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 
 IS 
 
 ■ 
 f 
 
 O 
 
 ■si' 
 
 !3A 
 
 ED 
 
 
 .g - 
 
 1 
 
 f 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 If 
 I' 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 02 
 
 1 
 
 ■S-3 
 
 
 Sx. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Counties: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Frontenae , , 
 
 8670 
 
 10031 
 
 7047 
 
 1680 
 1678 
 1497 
 
 2441 
 2558 
 2274 
 
 331 
 906 
 452 
 
 499 
 87 
 32 
 
 20002 
 37186 
 24359 
 
 5809 
 75.54 
 3251 
 
 14546 
 
 14050 
 
 9701 
 
 20086 41187 
 
 
 .37312. ."isrsa 
 
 Dundas 
 
 24475 
 
 37795 
 
 Stormont 
 
 4071 
 
 776 
 
 1300 
 
 447 
 
 10 
 
 13083 
 
 1597 
 
 5514 
 
 13224 
 
 20651 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 5811 
 
 1572 
 
 2056 
 
 494 
 
 11 
 
 20112 
 
 2698 
 
 8615 
 
 20173 
 
 31930 
 
 Prescott 
 
 5109 
 
 1503 
 
 1685 
 
 ' 304 
 
 53 
 
 11391 
 
 2444 
 
 7214 
 
 11451 
 
 21406 
 
 
 2577 
 8467 
 
 926 
 1798 
 
 891 
 2198 
 
 160 
 302 
 
 27 
 37 
 
 6179 
 20508 
 
 3650 
 6251 
 
 4318 
 15073 
 
 6185 
 
 19.^*1 
 
 Carleton 
 
 20553 42171 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 5193 
 
 870 
 
 1072 
 
 173 
 
 ■ 246 
 
 13226 
 
 5295 
 
 12116 
 
 13256 
 
 31056 
 
 Lanark 
 
 6474 
 
 1381 
 
 1868 
 
 278 
 
 127 
 
 18327 
 
 6251 
 
 15818 
 
 18373 
 
 40801'; 
 
 Totals .... 
 
 63450 
 
 13681 
 
 18343 
 
 3847 
 
 1129 
 
 184372 
 
 42800 
 
 106965 
 
 185088 
 
 339113 
 
 
 
 East Midland Counties : 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 Victoria - . j . 
 
 9032 
 
 2206 
 
 2511 
 
 309 
 
 332 
 
 14453 
 
 5580 
 
 15745 
 
 144831 36419 
 
 
 6321 
 
 1084 
 
 1847 
 
 421 
 
 293 
 
 11977 
 
 4461 
 
 12005 
 
 12018 29157 
 1966| 5498 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 577 
 
 92 
 
 132 
 
 28 
 
 438 
 
 1966 
 
 725 
 
 2341 
 
 
 8781 
 
 1410 
 
 2347 
 
 1 
 
 496 
 
 1286 
 
 24948 
 
 4870 
 
 11197 
 
 25008' 42797 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 24711 
 
 4792 
 
 6837 
 
 1254 
 
 2349 
 
 53344 
 
 15636 
 
 41288 
 
 53475 
 
 113871 
 
 
 NOBTHERK DlSTEIOTS : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 
 649 
 
 139 
 
 133 
 
 26 
 
 414 
 
 1305 
 
 379 
 761 
 
 1497 
 2376 
 
 1347 
 2090 
 
 3621 
 5909 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 684 
 
 122 
 
 119 
 
 62 
 
 620 
 
 2090 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 305 
 
 75 
 
 66 
 
 40 
 
 378 
 
 1054 
 
 366 
 
 1395 
 
 1067 
 
 3233 
 
 Totals 
 
 1638 
 
 336 
 
 318 
 
 128 
 
 1412 
 
 4449 
 
 1506 
 
 5268 
 
 4504 
 
 12763 
 
 
 SUMMARY OP RETURNS 
 
 Lake Erie Counties . . . . . . 
 
 Lake Huron Counties , 
 
 Georgian Bat Counties 
 
 West Midland Counties 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties.^.. — 
 St. La'w^bence and Ottawa ) 
 
 Counties ,.■■■■■ I 
 
 East Midland CouNTia^i . •' 
 
 Northern Counties . .,,'.'. : . . — 
 
 Totals.. .J.V.'... 
 
 44796 
 34104 
 2.5637 
 
 79437 
 
 634S0 
 
 24711 
 1638 
 
 339481 
 
 9423 
 
 7669 
 
 5376 
 
 14370 
 
 16418 
 
 13681 
 
 4792 
 336 
 
 72065 
 
 13599 
 10585 
 7144 
 ,18825 
 21801 
 
 18343 
 
 6837 
 318 
 
 97452 
 
 2914 
 2396 
 1467 
 .5723 
 5568 
 
 3847 
 
 1254 
 128 
 
 23297 
 
 1484 
 1423 
 3100 
 1557 
 1791 
 
 1129 
 
 2349 
 1412 
 
 75494 
 
 67274 
 
 45055 
 
 133808 
 
 116856 
 
 184372 
 
 53344 
 4449 
 
 I 
 
 14245 680652 
 
 33224 
 41993 
 24820 
 70652 
 42230 
 
 42800 
 
 15636 
 1506 
 
 74673 
 
 86309 
 
 54016 
 
 145990 
 
 102492 
 
 106965 
 
 41288 
 5268 
 
 272861:617001 
 
 76528 
 
 67855 
 
 45466 
 
 135638 
 
 118483 
 
 185088 
 
 53475 
 4504 
 
 687037 
 
 187789 
 199396 
 1284S8 
 357730 
 268937 
 
 339113 
 
 113871 
 12763 
 
 1608066 
 
19 
 
 Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Pigs and Poultry in Ontario, as returned for Farms of five acres 
 31st May, 1882— GontinMd. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 PonLTET. 
 
 
 Coarse- 
 
 Fine- 
 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 WooUed. 
 
 WooUed. 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ,- 
 
 
 ,. 
 
 1 
 
 >> 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 h OD 
 
 h ^ 
 
 F-< m 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 
 
 -?!>. 
 
 8 ? 
 
 -§ i» 
 
 a 
 
 •B 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 >:0 
 
 S'-' 
 
 l>>o 
 
 s^ 
 
 >i 
 
 n 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 
 iH 
 
 t) 
 
 iH 
 
 t3 
 
 iH 
 
 
 
 t? 
 
 ■ ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Lawbbnoe and Ottawa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ConNTiKS : 
 
 25174 
 
 17613 
 
 7240 
 
 5090 
 
 4915 
 
 8909 
 
 8748 
 
 11809 
 
 98493 
 
 Frontenac. 
 
 30678 
 
 23485 
 
 9422 
 
 7606 
 
 8287 
 
 13740 
 
 20093 
 
 15371 
 
 144207 
 
 Leeds and Grenville. 
 
 ISW 
 
 11769 
 
 6894 
 
 4996 
 
 6589 
 
 10947 
 
 5146 
 
 8890 
 
 142505 
 
 Dundas. 
 
 8267 
 
 5054 
 
 2882 
 
 1755 
 
 3404 
 
 4898 
 
 2129 
 
 5226 
 
 78053 
 
 Stonnont. 
 
 17867 
 
 10423 
 
 5885 
 
 2399 
 
 5625 
 
 5966i 
 
 2694 
 
 7063 
 
 91748 
 
 Glengarry. 
 
 10793 
 
 7639 
 
 4058 
 
 2707 
 
 5899 
 
 6677 
 
 5715 
 
 4435 
 
 60313 
 
 Prescott. 
 
 6263 
 
 4487 
 
 1968 
 
 1535 
 
 3181 
 
 3540 
 
 2670 
 
 2637 
 
 28194 
 
 Eussell. 
 
 30420 
 
 23296 
 
 6475 
 
 5051, 
 
 8675 
 
 14086 
 
 16919 
 
 19402 
 
 136376 
 
 Carleton. 
 
 2126B 
 
 13083 
 
 7575 
 
 50281 
 
 7505 
 
 6423 
 
 5212 
 
 8241 
 
 58443 
 
 Eenfrew. 
 
 34955 
 
 25162 
 
 4362 
 
 2640> 
 
 5582 
 
 9361 
 
 19407 
 
 12302 
 
 108033 
 
 Lanark. 
 
 201682 
 
 142011 
 
 56761 
 
 38807 
 
 59662 
 
 84547 
 
 88733 
 
 . 95376 
 
 946365 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Midland ConNTiES : 
 
 22261 
 
 15675 
 
 5144 
 
 3214 
 
 7967 
 
 14968 
 
 8961 
 
 16908 
 
 107641 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 15607 
 
 11081. 2694 
 
 1722 
 
 5661 
 
 11890 
 
 6578 
 
 12261 
 
 84348 
 
 Peterborough. 
 
 2299 
 
 1251 
 
 852 
 
 914 
 
 577 
 
 1262 
 
 556 
 
 1069 
 
 9946 
 
 Halfburton. 
 
 16319 
 
 11124 
 
 7149 
 
 4500 
 
 8160 
 
 11245 
 
 5642 
 
 13823 
 
 110965 
 
 TTastinga. 
 
 56486 
 
 39131 
 
 15839 
 
 10350 
 
 22365 
 
 39365 
 
 21737 
 
 44061 
 
 312900 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NOBTHEHN DiSTEIOTS : 
 
 887 
 
 749 
 
 251 
 
 166 
 
 589 
 
 1201 
 
 463 
 
 703 
 
 8100 
 
 Algoma. 
 
 ' 2391 
 
 1538 
 
 562 
 
 492 
 
 633 
 
 1499 
 
 916 
 
 1090 
 
 14591 
 
 Muskoka. 
 
 280 
 
 186 
 
 581 
 
 216 
 
 335 
 
 1130 
 
 780 
 
 777 
 
 8178 
 
 Parry Sound. 
 
 3568 
 
 2473 
 
 1394 
 
 874 
 
 1557 
 
 3830 
 
 21S9 
 
 2570 
 
 30869 
 
 Totals. 
 
 BY COFNTY GKOUPS. 
 
 101897 
 
 73836 
 
 18648 
 
 14243 
 
 40362 
 
 1184.53 
 
 39752 
 
 73362 
 
 625561 
 
 Lake Erie Counties. 
 
 116674 
 
 93566 
 
 19386 
 
 14824 
 
 24043 
 
 53021 
 
 20752 
 
 57.575 
 
 460743 
 
 Lake Huron Counties. 
 
 84972 
 
 63504 
 
 14571 
 
 11921 
 
 22959 
 
 49621 
 
 18606 
 
 47090 
 
 323430 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties. 
 
 207164 
 
 153971 
 
 28488 
 
 20635! 
 
 4.3468 
 
 128086 
 
 53732 
 
 97524 
 
 872751 
 
 West Midland Counties. 
 
 169311 
 
 118118 
 
 27935 
 
 197501 
 
 42990 
 
 132666 
 
 72313 
 
 121364 
 
 949280 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties. 
 
 201682 
 
 142011 
 
 56761 
 
 38807 
 
 59662 
 
 84547 
 
 88733 
 
 95376 
 
 946365 
 
 ( St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 I Counties. 
 East Midland Counties. 
 
 56486 
 
 39131 
 
 15839 
 
 10350 
 
 22365 
 
 39365 
 
 21737 
 
 44061 
 
 312900 
 
 3558 
 
 2473 
 
 1394 
 
 874 
 
 1557 
 
 3830 
 
 2159 
 
 2570 
 
 30869 
 
 Northern Districts. 
 
 941744 
 
 686610 
 
 183022 
 
 131404 
 
 257406 
 
 609.589 
 
 317784 
 
 538922 
 
 4521899 
 
 Totals. 
 
20 
 
 Table II. — Showing by County Municipalities the number of Thoroughbred Cattle in 
 Ontario, as returned on 31st May, 1882. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dnfiferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Frontenao 
 
 Leeds and GrenviUe . . . 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Frescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 NnMBER or Thobouohbred Cattle. 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Muskoka . . . 
 Parry Sound 
 
 3 
 ft 
 
 Total 
 
 233 
 
 380 
 
 321 
 
 438 
 
 367 
 
 190 
 
 487 
 
 731 
 
 492 
 
 514 
 
 583 
 
 1077 
 
 679 
 
 391 
 
 438 
 
 1118 
 
 670 
 
 139 
 
 265 
 
 313 
 
 429 
 
 462 
 
 741 
 
 749 
 
 453 
 
 327 
 
 142 
 
 151 
 
 1.56 
 
 289 
 
 106 
 
 85 
 
 130 
 
 87 
 
 69 
 
 116 
 
 67 
 
 107* 
 
 197 
 
 173 
 
 14 
 
 176 
 
 17 
 
 32 
 
 18 
 
 15119 
 
 31 
 32 
 67 
 57 
 22 
 37 
 71 
 61 
 46 
 42 
 50 
 146 
 58 
 8 
 31 
 36 
 13 
 8 
 
 23 
 
 29 
 
 37 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 33 
 
 51 
 
 45 
 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 54 
 
 46 
 
 3 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 1440 
 
 33 
 
 41 
 
 13 
 
 46 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 36 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 28 
 
 44 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 125 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 37 
 
 ie 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 834 
 
 ^ 
 
 25 
 1 
 
 19 
 5 
 
 "3 
 5 
 
 25 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 
 13 
 5 
 
 'io 
 
 9 
 6 
 9 
 
 "2 
 1 
 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 9 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 
 io 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 "i 
 
 16 
 
 280 
 
 
 16 
 37 
 24 
 50 
 46 
 14 
 34 
 40 
 42 
 48 
 53 
 64 
 24 
 10 
 22 
 77 
 
 5 
 12 
 32 
 
 9 
 12 
 23 
 27 
 24 
 36 
 28 
 32 
 25 
 31 
 32 
 39 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 26 
 10 
 16 
 16 
 80 
 
 4 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1177 
 
THE WEATHER. 
 
 REPORT FOR JULY. 
 
 [compiled at the meteorological office, TORONTO.] 
 
 The month of July has been colder than the average. The defect varied from 1° to 
 3° in some localities, eighteen days being below their partioula* averages and thirteen 
 above, with moderate winds, mostly from the south-west and west to north-west. The 
 temperature in many cases during the beginning of the month was low enough to justify 
 " a fire in the sitting-room during the evenings." About the 22nd a considerable change 
 took place, and by the 26th the greatest heat of the month occurred generally in Ontario, 
 accompanied in many localities by severe thunder storms, hail and heavy rain. This does 
 not seem, however, to have impeded farm operations to any extent. One observer in 
 Middlesex (Mr. Anderson) reports that "this is the best hay and harvest time we have 
 ever seen." 
 
 The rainfall was considerably under the average, the amounts varying much in lo- 
 calities not far apart. The deficiency for the districts, given in tabular form, amount for 
 the Western and South-western district to 2.06 in.; for the North-western and Northern 
 district, 1.15 in.; for the Central district, 1.71 in.; and for the North-eastern and Eastern 
 district, 0.41 in. The heaviest rainfall, as far as heard from, was at Pembroke, where 
 6.86 in. is recorded ; of this amount 2.79 in. fell during a thunder storm on the 27th and 
 2Sth. The lightest rainfall occurred at Georgina, in North York, where only 0.25 in. is 
 recorded. 
 
 Mean Temperature for July at certain Collegiate Institutes, divided into five-day 
 periods, and the mean for the month, with the highest and lowest temperature and 
 date of their occurrence. 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 1st to 5th.... 
 
 58.1 
 70.2 
 66.6 
 70.7 
 71.5 
 72.4 
 
 63.6 
 70.8 
 68.2 
 70.0 
 72.6 
 73.8 
 
 61.8 
 69.0 
 68.0 
 74.2 
 69.1 
 72.1 
 
 56.8 
 67.0 
 62.4 
 65.2 
 66.6 
 68.5 
 
 o 
 
 62.0 
 71.0 
 68.7 
 69.4 
 72.5 
 73.1 
 
 o 
 
 61.5 
 74.3 
 70.2 
 68.2 
 72.3 
 73.4 
 
 60.2 
 69.6 
 65.5 
 70.0 
 70.8 
 71.5 
 
 o 
 
 59.2 
 69.3 
 68.9 
 69.5 
 70.9 
 69.6 
 
 59 
 
 6th to 10th 
 
 69.0 
 
 nth to 15th 
 
 16th to 20th 
 
 68.4 
 68.1 
 
 21st to 25th 
 
 70.9 
 
 26th to 31st 
 
 69.3 
 
 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 68.2 
 
 69.8 
 
 69.0 
 
 64.5 
 
 69.5 
 
 69.9 
 
 67.9 
 
 67.9 
 
 67.4 
 
 Highest Temperature . . . 
 Day 
 
 87.4 
 
 26 
 
 48.0 
 
 4 
 
 39.4 
 
 25.5 
 
 90.3 
 
 27 
 
 50.5 
 
 3 
 
 39.8 
 
 31.3 
 
 86.8 
 26 
 
 42.9 
 19 
 
 43.9 
 
 32.0 
 
 86.5 
 
 26 
 42.8 
 
 15 
 43.7 
 
 33.9 
 
 92.2 
 . 26 
 34.1 
 4 
 58.1 
 
 45.6 
 
 91.6 
 
 26 
 43.2 
 
 12 
 48.4 
 
 35.5 
 
 89.6 
 
 26 
 
 46.0 
 
 3 
 
 43.6 
 
 30.1 
 
 88.1 
 
 26 
 
 47.5 
 
 4 
 
 40.6 
 
 31.2 
 
 89.1 
 26 
 
 Lowest Temperature 
 
 Day 
 
 44.6 
 4 
 
 Range of Month 
 
 Greatest daily range in 
 Month 
 
 44.5 
 34.6 
 
 
 
22 
 
 Summary of the Fall of Rain during the month of July, 1882, with the number of days on 
 which rain fell, and the number of days on which the fall exceeded 0.10 in. 
 
 West and Sodth-West Dibtbiot. 
 
 Station. 
 
 A. Sinclair 
 
 Keir. G. Grant, B.A 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A. 
 
 0. J. Maogregor, M.A. 
 
 1, 
 1, 
 
 G. N. Maodonald i 1. 
 
 Windsor High School 
 
 Simcoe " " 
 
 Goderich " " 
 
 Stratford " " 
 
 Goderich L. House , . 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 Port Stanley 
 
 Granton 
 
 Lucan 
 
 Listowel 'A. Kay 
 
 Elbra W. La Penotiere 
 
 Brantford ...; T. M. Mclntyre, M.A, 
 
 Observer. 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 
 Si.s 
 
 I 
 
 G. Hess 
 H. Morgan . 
 M. Payne . . . 
 J. Grant . . . 
 G. Cathcart . 
 
 Conestogo 
 Stony Point , 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Tecumseh . . . 
 Maidstone . , 
 Ailsa Craig. . 
 
 Fergus 
 
 Cottam 
 
 Thamesville . . 
 Wilton Grove 
 Delaware . . . 
 Seaforth . . . 
 
 Hensall 
 
 St. Thomas . . 
 
 Samia 
 
 Birnam 
 
 Amherstburg 
 Carlow 
 
 Mean of District . 
 
 Dr. Passmore 
 
 Stephen Aubry 
 
 Daniel Stewart 
 
 P. Delaney '] 2 
 
 88 10 
 
 incomplete. 
 
 ■ 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 2.32 
 
 T. F. Kane. 
 
 John Bennie 
 
 A. D. Ferrier . . . 
 W. E. WagstafiE , 
 A. J. Campbell .. 
 
 H. Anderson 
 
 E. S. Francis . . 
 E. Cresswell . . . , 
 Wm. Wilson . . . . 
 S. Williams . . . . 
 Wm. Mowbray.. 
 
 J. Mellor 
 
 John Bell 
 
 John Varcoe 
 
 Nobth-Webt and Noeth Distbiot. 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Owen Sound 
 
 Presqu'Isle 
 
 Penetanguishene 
 
 ' Saugeen , . 
 
 Point Clark . , 
 
 Orillia 
 
 Georgina 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 Barrie High School 
 
 Egremont 
 
 Durham 
 
 Mean of District, 
 
 Kev. E. Mosley 
 
 J. McLeod 
 
 John McKenzie 
 
 Rev. J. McBride 
 
 Mrs. Stewart 
 
 John Young 
 
 H. A. Fitton 
 
 Captain Sibbald, R.N 
 
 J. HoUingworth 
 
 T. M. Robinson 
 
 H. B. Spotton, M.A. , 
 
 J. W. Stevenson 
 
 James Gun, M.D 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.06 
 2.11 
 
 1..S6 
 0.78 
 1.04 
 1.60 
 0.25 
 2.72 
 4.55 
 1.42 
 1.08 
 0.80 
 
 1.65 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 9 
 5 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 10 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 
23 
 
 Summary of the Fall of Rain during the month of July, 1882, etc.—Gontvnued. 
 
 Cbntkal Distkiot. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 Credit 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Gneljph 
 
 Hunilton High School . . . 
 
 . Georgetown 
 
 St. Catharines 
 
 Colbome 
 
 Copetown 
 
 North Glanford 
 
 Mean of District. . . . 
 
 Observer. 
 
 J. K. Esten 
 
 Dr. Dixie 
 
 Observatory 
 
 Professor Hare . . . 
 G. Dickson, B.A. 
 
 J. Barber 
 
 R. Cameron 
 
 J. Varcoe 
 
 J. Ireland 
 
 E. Dickenson 
 
 East and North-East Distkiot. 
 
 Cornwall High School 
 
 Peterborough High School 
 
 'Lakefield 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Eockliffe .., 
 
 Northcote 
 
 Kirkfield 
 
 Meirickville 
 
 Addison 
 
 Newburgh 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Metcalfe 
 
 Brechin 
 
 Desoronto 
 
 Lunenburg 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 Mean of District. 
 
 James Smith, M.A . 
 
 J. Dixon, M.A 
 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 T. Beall 
 
 Kev. J. McLeary . . . 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 
 A. Thompson 
 
 W. H. Molntyre . . . 
 
 P. Kosmack 
 
 J. McTaggart 
 
 P. "E. Merrick 
 
 B. Loverie 
 
 Wm. Grange 
 
 H. McDiarmid ... . 
 
 F. Telford 
 
 F. Ireson 
 
 P. M. Rae 
 
 H. B. Kathbun 
 
 J. H. Grant 
 
 C. Chapman : . 
 
 o 
 
 Q 
 
 1.22 
 1.40 
 1.06 
 1.24 
 1.37 
 
 0.63 
 
 0.93 
 1.52 
 
 1.17 
 
 O 
 
 10 
 3 
 
 11 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 s 
 s S s 
 
 Pi 
 
 2.68 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 2.10 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 2.24 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 3.10 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 \M 
 
 'io' 
 
 "e" 
 
 6.86 
 
 19 
 
 9 
 
 3.85 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 2.10 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 2.03 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 0.67 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1.47 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 0..52 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3.29 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 2.01 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 2.37 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 3.67 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.i55 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 3.30 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 2.32 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 2.48 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Propoktion of Sunshine in each hour of the day during which the sun was above the 
 
 horizon in the month of July. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ho0Bs Ending 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 a.m. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 11 Noon. 1 1p.m. 
 
 i 1 
 
 2 3 4 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Toronto 
 
 0.05 
 .15 
 
 0.42 
 .63 
 
 0.60 
 .69 
 
 0.61 
 .67 
 
 0.64 
 .75 
 
 0.62 
 
 .77 
 
 0.67 0.63 0.64 
 
 1 
 .70 .69 1 ,66 
 
 1 
 0.66 0.63 0.64 
 
 .60 .62 .63 
 
 0.63 
 .62 
 
 0.66 
 .64 
 
 0.39 
 .52 
 
 0.01 
 .08 
 
 Mean proportion for the month, constant sunshine being represented by 1 : Wood- 
 stock, 0.56; Toronto, 0.61. Maximum daily amount: Woodstock, 11th, 0.89; Toronto, 
 30th, 0.95. 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS: 
 
 SEPTEMBER, 188S. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The correspondents of the Bureau this month give full information on the progress 
 and completion of harvest ■work throughout the Province, and of the state in which the 
 various grain crops have been garnered. They also report on the condition of pastures 
 and live stock, on the root and fruit crops, on corn, beans and buckwheat, on the new 
 crop of clover and the prospective supply of clover and timothy seeds, the preparations 
 for sowing fall wheat, and the honey produce of the year. 
 
 With the exception of occasional fields of late oats and peas, harvesting operations 
 were pretty generally concluded by the first of September. The heavy rains which pre- 
 vailed almost universally throughout Western Ontario in the earlier part of August not 
 only made the harvest season an unusually long and tedious one, but seriously impaired 
 the quality of the grain crops, and especially fall wheat and barley. 
 
 The yield of fall wheat will be even greater than was estimated in former Reports ; 
 but a considerable portion of the crop has been housed in a damp condition, and rust and. 
 sprouting prevailed in many localities. 
 
 In the western peninsula barley is very generally discoloured, though the grain is 
 large and plump, and the yield fully as large as was anticipated. In Lennox, Adding- 
 ton and Prince Edward, however, where this grain is so largely sown, the harvest was 
 favoured by the finest weather, and the crop was reaped and housed in excellent condi- 
 tion. Indeed, throughout eastern Ontario generally the farmers escaped the almost con- 
 tinuous rains which rendered harvesting operations so uncertain in the west, and as, a 
 result the crops have been much better saved, though the yield is not so heavy. 
 
 Many correspondents report that the spring wheat has been badly injured by rust 
 and midge, while in more limited localities it suffered from the rainy weather which fol- 
 lowed closely on a period of drought. On the whole, it is less than an average crop. 
 
 Oats were late in ripening, and in some of the western counties shelled badly in har- 
 vesting. The grain did not fill out well in many districts on account of rust, but thefe 
 wiU be fully an average crop. 
 
 Peas are rather a light crop, partly owing to the ravages of their unfailing enemy,, 
 the bug, and partly to unfavourable weather. 
 
 A large quantity of fall wheat has been threshed, but very little has yet been mar- 
 keted, and prices are unsettled. 
 
 The damage done to the grain crops by the copious rains of August wiU be fully 
 balanced by the luxuriant pastures they helped to produce, and the consequent benefit to 
 
live stock and dairy interests. Correspondents almost unanimously report that the pas- 
 tures were never better, that live stock are in excellent condition, and that the year has 
 been a most prosperous one for dairymen. The supply of store cattle, largely as a result 
 of the prevailing high prices, is small; and, owing partly to the same cause and partly to 
 the ravages of the pea bug, pork promises also to be rather scarce. "Pink-eye" is re- 
 ported from the county of Essex, some horses having died of the disease, and a consider- 
 able number having been disabled for work. 
 
 Owing to the "heaving" of the plants last winter, the crop of clover seed will be 
 much below the average throughout the Province. The most favourable reports in the 
 ■west come from some of the Lake Erie counties, where the prospect is s£|,id to be "fair," 
 conditional, however, on a continuance of dry weather and the absence of frost. In some 
 of the eastern counties Alsike clover is extensively grown, and it has stood the winter well. 
 Of timothy seed there will be an average supply. From all quarters correspondents 
 report that the new seeding has had a splendid "catch" — the' best in many years — and 
 there is a fine prospect for an abundant crop next year. 
 
 The corn crop has had much to contend against this year. Owing to the cold and 
 wet weather of May it was planted late, and the ground was in the worst possible condition 
 to promote its growth. The low temperature of June and the early part of July was 
 scarcely less unfavourable, and many fields were re-planted. At the end of July the out- 
 look was cheerless in the extreme, and the most sanguine of correspondents in the best 
 corn-growing counties did not look for more than half a crop. But the month of August 
 transformed the prospect; warm days and genial showers did wonders for the corn, and 
 the repoijts of correspondents this month are greatly altered in tone. The crop, as a 
 ■whole, will scarcely reach an average, and there are many poor fields, but it is a very 
 great improvement on the promise of a month ago. In Essex and Kent it is well ripened 
 by this time, but in the other counties it will be two or three weeks later. 
 
 Beans are fairly good on high and well-drained ground, but on low-lying fields they 
 have not podded well owing to the heavy rain-fall, and in some localities the crop will 
 not be worth the pulling. The best accounts come from Kent and Norfolk, and the 
 counties along the Ottawa river. 
 
 Buckwheat is late, and fears are entertained that it will not ripen before the coming 
 of autumn frosts. In the eastern counties the later-sown fields are giving the best pro- 
 mise, having escaped the scorching days of early August. 
 
 Generally speaking, the fruit crop of the year is a failure, — apples decidedly so, 
 owing to the "blight" referred to in previous reports. The trees, though showing some 
 signs of recovery, have still an unhealthy appearance, the leaves being dark in colour and 
 shrivelled as if they had been touched by fire. The fruit is small, diseased and worm- 
 eaten, except in the case of a few hardy varieties, notably the Russet. The only part of 
 the Province reported free from the " blight " is the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties, 
 ■where there will be an average crop, though the fruit is small in size. Pears are a fair 
 crop, except in the Georgian Bay counties, -where they are reported to be a worse failure 
 thsfti the apples. Plums are considerably below an average yield, owing mainly to the 
 
ravages of the curculio, and in a small degree to the effect? of black-knot. Peaches^ 
 where grown at all, are scarce, and prices high. Grapes are a fair crop. 
 
 Roots are fairly good in all sections of the Province excepting the counties of Grey 
 and Simcoe, on Georgian Bay, and Haldimand and Welland, on Lake Erie. The local 
 droughts of June and July in those counties were very unfavourable to potatoes, carrots 
 and mangolds, and the fly has been a troublesome enemy to turnips. But the rains of r 
 August have greatly improved the general prospect. There are many complaints, how- 
 ever, that potatoes are affected by rot, but so far no serious damage has been done. It 
 was doubtless due to the heavy rains. 
 
 A large breadth of fall wheat will be sown this year, but owing to the prolonged 
 harvest season, seeding will be fully two weeks later than usual. The rains, too, inter- 
 fered with the cultivating and harrowing so necessary to keep fallows in good condition 
 for the reception of the seed. 
 
 Bees have not done well, tLe season having been too cold and wet. Swarming was 
 unusually rare, and in a great many districts the bees have not gathered enough honey 
 to feed themselves. 
 
 The statistics for this month are of a miscellaneous character, embracing the acreage 
 and produce of hay and clover, the acreage of root crops, buckwheat, beans, flax, hops 
 and fruit, and the year's produce of maple sugar. The table shows that there were 
 1,862,098 acres in meadow and clover, the total produce of which was 2,138,489 tons, or 
 an average of 1.15 tons per acre. This low average is doubtless to be attributed to the 
 failure of the clover. The area under potatoes is 164,266 acres, mangold wurzels 16,060 
 acres, carrots 9,981 acres, and other roots 75,164 acres; under buckwheat 52,955 acres, 
 beans 20,357 acres, flax 5,413 acres, and hops 2,047 acres; under orchard and garden 
 213,725 acres, and vineyard 1,824 acres. The year's produce of maple sugar is shown to 
 be 3,292,321 pounds. 
 
 Returns made by correspondents, based on the threshing machine records of their 
 several localities, show that the total produce of fall wheat in the Province is 32,352,403 
 bushels; of spring wheat, 9,295,793 bushels; of barley, 23,545,059 bushels; of oats, 
 52,997,169 bushels; and of peas, 11,428,479 bushels. These figures exceed the estimates 
 made on the 1st of June, especially the figures of wheat and oats. More accurate data, 
 however, will be furnished by the returns of threshers, the results of which will be given 
 in the October Report of the Bureau. 
 
 The weather report shows that the temperature for August was slightly lower than 
 the temperature for August last year, but the rain-fall was considerably greater. At 
 one station in Essex the total for the month was 6.28 inches, and at one in Lambton it 
 was 7.18 inches. At Gravenhurst, in Muskoka, the total was only 1.24 inches. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau op Industries, 
 
 Toronto, September 12, 1882. 
 
DIGEST OF THE KEPORTS. 
 
 THE GRAIN CROPS. 
 
 With the exception of some late fields of oats and peas, harvest work in the Lake 
 Erie counties was finished by the end of August, having occupied a period of six weeks. 
 In Haldimand and Welland farmers were favoured with comparatively clear weather, and 
 the bulk of their crops was reaped and saved in good condition. Essex and Kent (like 
 Lambton in the Lake Huron counties) were within the area of the great rain-storm which 
 was Central over Michigan during the first eight days of August, and in those counties opera- 
 tions were seriously interrupted. Scarcely half of the wheat and barley had been gathered 
 when the wet spell began, and, besides the heavy extra labour in reaping, much injury 
 was done the outstanding crops. Wheat sprouted in the shock, barley was badly stained, 
 and oats was beaten down and smitten with rust. In the two middle counties the harm 
 done was not so great, owing to the lighter rain-fall, but still it was enough to cause a large 
 aggregate loss. One of the worst features of the harvest was the damp condition in 
 which much of the wheat was drawn into the barns, and to save themselves from further 
 loss farmers are obliged to thresh out early, and give the grain the benefit of a' healthy 
 airing on the barn-floor. There is, as might be expected, a good deal of soft wheat, 
 but the yield will exceed the estimates. On several farms in the neighbourhood 
 of Chatham, where the total product ranged from 2,500 to 3,000 bushels, the average was 
 28 bushels per acre, and according to the reports of correspondents this average will be 
 maintained for the whole county. In the other counties the average will range from 20 
 to 27 bushels. Very little has been marketed yet, and prices are not fixed. Oats has 
 not filled out well, owing to the rust, and will weigh light ; besides, the grain shelled 
 badly in reaping and handling. Peas also shelled considerably, a repeated turning of 
 bundles being necessary on account of the rain ; .the crop, however, was fairly good, and 
 excepting in Elgin and Norfolk it was comparatively safe this year from the ravages of 
 the bug. Oat and pea straw will be almost worthless for feeding purposes. 
 
 In the Lake Huron group of counties harvesting operations, though greatly retarded 
 by the continued rains, were at date of returns approaching completion. Little grain of any 
 kind remained uncut, but a large quantity of peas and oats and a little spring wheat and 
 barley were still in the field. Fall wheat was all under cover, and, so far as yield is con- 
 cerned, abundantly answered the expectations of those who looked for more than an average 
 crop. The long succession of showers, however, was a trying ordeal for the quality of 
 the grain, and many farmers, despairing of the speedy advent of fine weather, prema- 
 turely hurried their wheat into the barn in a damp and unsatisfactory condition. The 
 proportion of soft and " sprouted " grain seems to have been larger in Lambton than in 
 either Huron or Bruce, probably on account of the heavier rain-fall in the former county. 
 The damage done by " sprouting " was severest on low-lying lands. It is, however, safe 
 to say that the bulk of this crop has been garnered without material injury, and where 
 — as in the majority of cases — nowithstanding the drenching it was subjected to, it has 
 emerged without hurt, the sample is clear, bright and plump. The other grains have 
 also been more or less injured by the rains, though not a few correspondents report spring 
 crops in their vicinity to have been saved so far in good order. The discolouration of 
 barley by the wet weather is universal in these counties, though the yield is good and 
 the quality otherwise fair. Peas are reported to be not more than an average crop, and 
 the bug has not been idle, especially in Huron. Spring wheat is only middling, both 
 in yield and quality, having sufiered from rust, and in addition the grain is said in 
 some localities to have shrunk to some extent. The same causes which led to the deteriora- 
 tion of the other spring crops have affected oats, and one correspondent trom Plympton 
 (Lambton county) reports a considerable quantity of " smut " in the latter. No rye is 
 
grown in this district. A good deal of fall wheat and barley has been threshed, opera- 
 tions being forced onward in many cases by the desire of farmers to obtain mow-room for 
 their spring crops. As was to be expected, grain placed in the barn in a damp state 
 has proved somewhat troublesome in the machine, the straw being tough and threshing 
 correspondingly slow« One or two cases of wheat heating in the bin have been reported. 
 Other crops are still mainly in the sheaf. But little fall wheat has yet been placed on the 
 market, prices ruling low. A correspondent in Colborne (Huron county) says 95 cents 
 is being offered for fall wheat there, and another in Oulross (Bruce county) remarks that 
 a few loads have been sold for $1 per bushel. A majority of those reporting to the 
 Bureau estimate the yield of fall wheat at from 25 to 30 bushels per acre. Some place 
 it as high as 40, and only one at 20. Barley is placed on an average at 30, peas at 25, 
 oats at 35, and spring wheat at 15 bushels per acre, but as none of these figures, with 
 the exception of those given for fall wheat and barley, can have been verified by actual 
 results, they are perhaps liable to variation. 
 
 In Grey and Simcoe, as in other parts, heavy rains have retarded harvesting opera- 
 tions considerably, and have worked serious injury to the spring wheat and barley crops. 
 Harvesting was not finished at the date of the reports, except in some of the townships 
 along the lake shore, which have suffered more severely than the others. In some of 
 these the grain had been cut for days, and was still lying in the fields, it being impossible 
 to house it, while in St. Vincent large sections of spring wheat and oats were not yet cut 
 owing to almost continuous rains. Fall wheat and' barley had all been housed by the 
 1st instant, the former being saved in good condition throughout the district, except in 
 CoUingwood and St. Vincent townships, where the rains were continuous, causing con- 
 siderable sprouting. Where it is well saved the grain is hard, plump' and of good 
 colour, while the yield is rather better than the average. A correspondent at Thornbury 
 says that the yield is the best the Beaver river valley has had for twenty years. Barley 
 has suffered, first from continued drought, and, just before cutting, from copious 
 rains. All sections unite in saying that the crop is dark, though fairly well brought in, 
 and rather under the average in quantity. In Innisfil, however, it is very bad, fit only 
 for chop feeding, and it is to be feared that some other sections may have suffered to a 
 similar extent. Spring wheat has suffered exceedingly from rust, except in Artemesia, 
 Nottawasaga, Monck and Orillia townships, where early seeding was done. In Keppel 
 complaints are made of the midge. Oats, too, have suffered ; the long drought has made 
 the straw short and the grain light, while the rains have caused rust in many sections. 
 The crop had not all been harvested. Peas are short and of poor quality. Threshing has 
 not been commenced to any great extent, fall wheat being the only' grain threshed out 
 so far. 
 
 Harvesting operations throughout the whole of the West Midland counties have 
 been slow and tedious, on account of the continued wet weather, and are from two to 
 three weeks later than usual. Everything had, however, been secured on the first of the 
 month but the oats and some late peas, except on the higher lands of Dufferin, where a 
 large portion of the spring wheat was still out. Fall wheat throughout the whole of this 
 section is a good crop, but has been housed in rather a damp condition, rendering it tough 
 to thresh. The quality is very good and the sample fine. Spring wheat is light in 
 yield and of poor quality as a general thing. The rust has told against it universally 
 over this district ; whilst farmers throughout many parts of Perth and Wellington com- 
 plain of the effect of the ravages of the midge. Barley has been gathered ii;i a discoloured 
 condition throughout the whole of these counties, but the sample is in most cases plump 
 and of full weight. Peas are not nearly so much sown as formerly, owing to the pea 
 weevil. The cold and wet weather has told against them ; but the ravages of the bug 
 have been even more fatal, so that the yield is light and the sample imperfect. Oats 
 have been late in ripening owing to the lateness of the season, but promise to be slightly 
 above an average yield. The sample is rather light, but good in quality. Threshing has 
 just commenced. , A g»od deal of the fall wheat has been threshed throughout the dis- 
 trict to make way for the spring grain, and has averaged between 25 and 30 bushels to 
 the acre ; but nothing except an estimate can be given this month of the rest. Almost 
 no grain has as yet been brought to market. 
 
On the Ist of September throughout the counties that fringe the shore of Lake 
 Ontario harvesting operations had been completed, if a few fields of late oats and peas 
 which had not been cut may be excepted. The reports are nearly unanimous as to the 
 condition in which the grain was housed, and vary only in degree of expression, viz., 
 from " good " to " excellent." And this, too, notwithstanding that, owing to frequent 
 i^howers, the harvest in York, Ontario, Durham, and Northumberland was " long and 
 tedious." In some parts of the counties named the damage done by rains was quite serious 
 the wheat being lodged and rusted and the barley discoloured. There were not a few 
 instances where the grain had to be housed in a damp condition, which would further 
 decrease its marketable value. Some of the farmers estimate that one-fifth of their grain, 
 including oats and peas, was severely injured by rust, or sprouting, or discolouration — as 
 the case might be. Happily theirs were the exceptions. As a rule, the crops seem to 
 have been very satisfactory. One enthusiastic farmer in teel says, " Grain has n6t been 
 so plump and good for twenty years." In Lincoln the grain was everywhere well saved. 
 The rain was a little troublesome in Wentworth, Halton and Peel, but the farmers man- 
 aged without much difficulty to finish the harvest in good shape. In parts of Went- 
 worth the wheat was shrunken, the barley inferior, and the, oats "passably good." In 
 York the " catchy " weather discoloured a good deal of the barley grown in some town- 
 ships, rusted some of the spring wheat so badly as to render the straw useless, and 
 afiiected some of the fall wheat to such a degree that " much of it will grade No. 2." 
 Some injury by the midge and pea-bug is reported from Halton. In Ontario, wherever 
 the barley was drawn in before the rains fell, the berry is perfectly satisfactory ; in other 
 cases much of the grain was stained and in a few instances left " nearly black." Fife 
 wheat was attacked both by rust and the midge. In Durham " neither wheat nor barley 
 willbe No. 1 in quality," though this deficiency is in many places counterbalanced by 
 quantity. Much of the barley was housed before the rains, but though the bprry is 
 bright and plump it is small. Some of the fall wheat had to be drawn in damp. In 
 Northumberland fall wheat is reported good, spring wheat light, and barley very generally 
 discoloured. In Prince Edward the very finest weather was enjoyed throughout the 
 harvest, and all grain was gathered in under the most favourable auspices. Barley, the 
 staple crop, " is light but bright," and the wheat plump and good. In Lennox and 
 Addington the conditions and results were much the same as in Prince Edward. Taken 
 as a whole, ^he harvest throughout the Lake Ontario counties was one to rejoice the 
 hearts of the farmers, whose prospects were not wholly reassuring. Threshing, as a rule, 
 has not become general, though in some townships it is in full swing, and in a few others 
 it has been completed. The estimates, therefore, made by the farmers as to the yield 
 are largely conjectural in character. The average of peas and oats has been "fair." 
 Rye, which is not generally grown, has been successful in those counties where it is at 
 all depended upon. In some sections portions of the grain were out in the fields, there 
 being " no more room in the bams." From some spots favoured by soil, by drainage, or 
 by weather, very heavy crops were taken. Not a few farmers claim 40 bushels of fall 
 wheat to the acre, and one in Halton will be disappointed if he does not get 43. The 
 average yield of spring wheat may be estimated at 20 bushels to the acre, but one farmer 
 in York expects 30. Barley ranges between 35 and 45 bushels to the acre; one report 
 from Wentworth, however, promises 60. Oats has an average of about 35 bushels. Many 
 farmers, however, expect 45, and one 70 bushels to the acre. Complaints come from some 
 townships that oats did not fill out as well as was anticipated. Peas will average about 
 22 bushels, but instances are reported where the yield will be very much greater. Some 
 of the reports refer to the. scarcity of threshing machines, there being not a sufficient 
 number to do the work required rapidly enough to suit, the farmers. Very little new 
 grain had been marketed by the 1st of September. The price obtained by one farmer in 
 Grantham (Lincoln) was from $1.04 to $1.06. 
 
 The harvest has been very late in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties. In some 
 of the latter on the first of this month haying was just completed. In most ©f the 
 counties, however, on both the St. Lawrence and Ottawa, all had been secured but oats, 
 which were invariably outstanding. The rains had rendered harvesting operations uncer- 
 tain, but the condition of the crops housed >was upon the whole good! About half the 
 
barley throughout the district will be discoloured ; the other half will be a bright sample. 
 Fall wheat is very little grown, and on the Ottawa scarcely at all. Where it was put in 
 the winter was hard upon it, so that the quantity is small, though the quality will be up 
 to the average. Spring wheat, which at the date of the last report was looking well, has 
 sufiFered severely from rust and the fly, so that two-thirds of an average crop is the 
 general estimate throughout all parts of the river counties. On high ground there is a 
 good crop, but a large proportion of what was sown was on low ground. Straw of all 
 kinds is abundant ; it is the grain that has suffered mMt of all. Peas are not more than 
 half a crop. Oats are good, but those late sown are badly affected with rust, especially 
 upon the lower grounds. Owing to the rust, fly and weevil, spring wheat is badly 
 shrunken in the grain, but all other grains promise tp be of good quality. No threshing 
 has been done except that here and there a farmer with a little fall wheat may have put 
 it through the machine. None of the new grain has as yet found its way to market from 
 this district. 
 
 In the East Midland counties the harvesting operations have been considerably delayed 
 by the unsettled weather. The greater portion of the fall wheat, peas and rye has been 
 secured in good condition. Threshing iias been done in only a few instances, and that to 
 make room for other grain. A few correspondents state that the fall wheat has 
 sprouted, and the grain become shrunk ; but generally the sample is good, and the yield 
 slightly above the average. The long dry spell followed by rain during the harvest ' has 
 damaged the spring wheat, which at one time promised to be the best ever harvested. 
 All over this section complaint is made that the crop is badly rusted. Barley has also 
 suffered a like fate, and the invariable report of correspondents is that " barley is light 
 in weight and dark in colour." Oats are rather bacKwa!rd, and very few have been cut. 
 Marketing cannot be said to have really commenced. 
 
 Reports from Muskoka and Parry Sound state that the harvest has been late, and 
 at date of the returns was not more than half completed. Wet weather had set in, and 
 the outlook for the remaining crop was anything but encouraging. Barley, oats and peas 
 have been secured in good condition, and the yield is characterized as good in quality and 
 quantity. There is little fall wheat grown, and the spring wheat is badly rusted. No 
 threshing has yet been done, and as the modern machine is too expensive to come into 
 general use in these districts, farmers are dependent on the primitive flail. 
 
 PASTURES AND LIVE STOCK. 
 
 There was excellent pasturage in the four western counties of the Lake Erie group 
 throughout August, as a result of the frequent rains, and live stock are reported healthy 
 and in fine ■ condition. The dairy produce has also been abundant where the flies were 
 not troublesome, and fair prices have been realized ; the only complaint is that in the 
 neighbourhood of cheese factories enough butter is not made for the local markets. In 
 Haldimand and Welland, where the rainfall was light, pastures and stock are only 
 moderately good. Fat cattle and sheep are scarce in all the counties, farmers having 
 sold short last year, and every spare animal is picked up by butchers and drovers as soon 
 as it is ready for the knife. The nearness to American markets helps to keep prices at top- 
 most figures, especially fgr sheep and lambs. Young hogs are plentiful in some sections, 
 notably in the county of Norfolk, but elsewhere the number in farmers' hands will not 
 exceed the average of the last two or three years. The produce of pork, however, will 
 depend largely on the yield of corn. Cases of pink-eye in horses are still reported from 
 the county of Essex; some animals have died, and many are laid up. 
 
 If the copious rains injured the grain crops in Lambton, Huron and Bruce, the 
 damage was to some extent set off by the enhanced growth and freshness of the pas- 
 tures, which are uniformly reported excellent, and live stock of all kinds are conse- 
 quently in good condition. The outlook for dairy produce, depending as it does almost 
 entirely at this season of the yea,r upon the state of the pastures, is very encouraging, 
 and the likelihood is that there will be a good supply of both cheese and butter. Reports 
 of cheese factories for the past season have been cheering. The steady drain of cattle for 
 
10 
 
 export which has continued for some time has left comparatively few animals over two 
 years old in the hands of farmers, and the probability is that shipments in the near 
 future will be light. Mutton has also been in good demand, and sheep are not very 
 plentiful, though in some localities there would appear to be no scarcity. The supply of 
 pigs is short, and one or two correspondents remark that the injury done the pea crop by 
 the bug of late years has interfered to some extent with the fattening of hogs for the 
 market. 
 
 From the Georgian Bay counties reports state that the late heavy rains have put the 
 pastures in good condition, consequently stock are picking up and fattening. The dairy- 
 ing interests, however, are not likely to improve very much, owing to the drought of 
 June and July, and will hardly have time to get into thoroughly good condition before 
 cold weather. The product of butter and cheese will be less than last year. Beef cattle 
 are scarce, as well as sheep, and there will be few marketed this winter. Pork is rather 
 more plentiful, and a fair number of young pigs will be ready for market. Pork would 
 promise very much better had the peas crop turned out a larger yield. 
 
 The pastures, which at no time of the season throughout the West Midland counties 
 have been poor, were greatly improved by the more recent rains, so that they now pre- 
 sent a good appearance. In consequence the live stock are, as a general rule, in excellent 
 condition. For the same reason the dairy produce has been of good quantity and quality. 
 The western cheese factories have been well supported, and have done a good trade. 
 Owing to the high prices of the early part of the spring and summer, the supply of beef 
 for exportation is smaller than usual ; but that of second and third class is about the 
 ordinary average- — the amount to be sold depending to a large extent on the root crop. 
 The year's crop of lambs was very large, and though many were sold the supply of 
 mutton is about the average. The pork supply is small, and outside of the cheese fac- 
 tories farmers have only a few store hogs on hand. As the supply of corn and peas is 
 very limited, few of these are being fattened except for home use. Throughout Oxford 
 the prospects of the trade in dairy produce are spoken of in the most sanguine terms. 
 
 Though the condition, of the pasturage throughout the Lake Ontario counties still 
 appeared. on the 1st of September to be very uneven, nearly all the reports agreed that 
 the late rains had much improved it, and that a corresponding improvement in the live 
 stock had been noticed. The pastures had been "mostly bare," the stock "thin," and 
 milk "falling off in supply." In the western counties less attention is apparently given 
 to dairying than in the eastern counties, whence come reports to the effect that butter 
 and cheese making is " in full swing." One farmer, says: "This should be a good fall 
 for butter-making, as the supply is scarcely equal to the demand," and that "milch cows 
 are much enquired for and sell at high prices." Another intimates that "there is quite a 
 quantity of butter in cellars." The stock of beeves, sheep and hogs seems everywhere to 
 be limited, and in many places scarce. An occasional report, however, states that fat 
 animals, especially hogs, are or will be plentiful. One farmer reports that "pork will 
 be good this year, because peas are abundant;" another says, "a good deal of sprouted 
 barley will be turned into pork;" while a third states that "pork will be marketed early 
 to save feed." " Wool has been so low," observes one authority, " that farmers have 
 reduced their number of sheep," consequently mutton will be scarce. Prices for live 
 stock in Addington — whence the only report is made — are represented as 8c. per pound 
 for beef, 10c. for mutton, and 8c. for " green pork." In some localities stock have been 
 much troubled by flies. 
 
 Throughout the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the coolness of the summer and the 
 comparative frequency of showers have kept the pastures from being burnt up, whilst 
 the more recent rains have caused them to put on a fresh appearance. The growth of 
 aftergrass is abundant. Owing to these favourable conditions the live stock are looking 
 remarkably well — " exceptionably fine," as many correspondents remark. The prospects 
 of a large supply of fall butter are good. Dairy products, especially in the shape of 
 cheese, are the staple exports of animal productions from this district, rather than the 
 animals themselves ; and the year has been, and continues to be, excellent for those pro- 
 ducts. From the proximity of these counties to the head of ocean navigation, all animals 
 fit for exportation, and many that were not fit, have been picked up, so that the beef 
 
11 
 
 supply promises to be short. The lambs and sheep are sold throughout this portion of 
 the Province chiefly for the American market, and though a good many of the former 
 especially have been sold, the supply of mutton upon the whole promises to be about the 
 average. The farmers have only now started to feed the pigs, and the supply will no 
 more than meet the local demand. 
 
 The East Midland counties were not visited by those late storms which centered 
 over the western districts of the Province, but under the showery weather of the past 
 month the pasture lands of this section have been greatly benefited and the grazing is 
 excellent, the township of Douro being reported the only exception. The condition of 
 live stock under these circumstances is reported all that could be desired. The cheese 
 factories have been unusually busy this season, while the supply of butter is far above 
 the average and is of a superior quality. In Haliburton and Victoria young beef is very 
 plentiful and in good demand. In Peterborough and Hastings, on the other hand, beef is 
 scarce but good. The supply of mutton is far in excess of the demand. A correspondent 
 in Mariposa states that buyers in many instances have preferred to forfeit their advance 
 money to losing by the poor market, so that large numbers of sheep remain in farmers' 
 hands. The pork supply is not much more than equal to the local demand, but there has 
 been a growing tendency this season towards pork raising on account of the high prices 
 prevailing. 
 
 Pasture in the Northern districts was never better at this time of the year. The 
 cattle are in excellent condition, but the produce of butter and cheese will not more than 
 supply the local demand. In Parry Sound beef, mutton and pork will be scarce. In 
 Watt township, Muskoka, there is a good supply of fat cattle for export. 
 
 CLOVER AND TIMOTHY. 
 
 In Essex, Kent and some portions of Norfolk there is a fair prospect for clover 
 seed. The crop is heavy and has headed out well, and should dry weather continue and 
 frost keep off for a few weeks seed of a good quality will mature ; otherwise the crop 
 will be only useful for fodder. In the other counties of the Lake Erie group the clover 
 was so badly rooted out by spring frosts that comparatively few fields have been left for 
 seed, and under the most favourable circumstances the yield will be small. The midge is ■ 
 destructive in some townships of Norfolk. A large acreage was seeded with clover in 
 the spring, and, having got a good " catch," the crop is reported excellent in all the 
 counties — ^the best for many years. Timothy was extensively saved for seed, and there 
 will doubtless be a large surplus for the market. 
 
 The second crop of clover in Lambton is very good, and as to the new seeding it is 
 said that "a better catch was never got." The prospects for the second crop in Huron 
 and Bruce are, perhaps, not so promising. One farmer in Howick (Huron county) 
 observes that " numbers in this vicinity are sowing the large red clover, which yields no 
 second crop." This season's catch, on the other hand, is coming up rapidly, and has 
 already attained considerable growth, as may be judged from the fact, as noted by one 
 correspondent, that not a little was cut with the grain and bound up in the butts of the 
 sheaves. Little timothy or clover seed is saved in these counties, and a large yield, 
 especially of the former, is not looked for. 
 
 The reports from Grey and Simcoe show that the drought affected the clover fields 
 considerably, although the recent rains have improved their condition very much. In 
 many sections the second crop will be very poor, owing to large areas having been spring- 
 killed. In Nottawasaga almost all the fields have been turned into pastures. The new 
 crop is looking well, and will get a good start if the winter does not set in too early. 
 Clover and timothy seed is not saved in sufficient quantity for local needs, although 
 timothy is reported this year as very promising where any of the crop has been kept for 
 
 Owing to the manner in which the clover was " heaved out " by the frost through 
 all the West Midland counties during last winter and spring, the second crop of clover 
 is anywhere the exception rather than the rule. Very little is grown, and that shows the 
 
12 
 
 operation of the midge in many localities. The new crop, as might be expected from the 
 moist season, has an excellent appearance, and the " catch " of both clover and timothy- 
 is a good one. Little or no timothy is grown for seed throughout this district, but what 
 is kept for that purpose shows the sample to be full and bright, with the quantity about 
 the average. 
 
 ,But few reports from the Lake Ontario counties speak of a promising second crop of 
 clover, and they hint that, though growing well, it is too backward to ripen for seed. In 
 the eastern counties, as a rule, " there is no second crop, because there was no first crop," 
 the plants having been winter-killed. In parts of Wentworth clover left for seed has- 
 been destroyed by the midge. In most localities the new crop has " caught " well, and is 
 in good condition. Clover seed will everywhere be scarce. Timothy has been a satisfac- 
 tory crop, and some farmers have had so much more hay than they required that many 
 fields "were left for seed;" the supply consequently promises to be very plentiful. 
 
 The story over the whole Province is but repeated in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 counties. The second crop of clover is very poor, most of the roots being " heaved out " 
 during last winter and spring. Very little. clover seed, however, is gathered throughout 
 this section, the cattle being turned on to the fields. The only clover that stood the 
 winter was the Alsike, of which many correspondents, especially in the St. Lawrence 
 River counties, speak in the most flattering terms. The new crop is looking very well, 
 though the lateness of hayiiig, owing to the absence of clover, has militated against this 
 crop. That drawback has been largely overcome by the continued rains. From the 
 ability to allow timothy to stand until it was ripe, there being little or no clover, timothy 
 seed is the finest that has been matured for many years throughout this district, though 
 very little is gathered except for local use. 
 
 Except for their own use, farmers in the East Midland counties do not save any 
 clover or timothy seeds. The clover crop has been almost an entire failure, the greater 
 part of it being turned into pasture, but the new seeding is reported from all parts as 
 "looking splendid." 
 
 There is little or no clover crop in the northern districts, but the new seeding is said 
 to have got a good " catch." The yield of timothy seed will be fairly good. 
 
 CORN, BEANS AND BUCKWHEAT. 
 
 August was a fine month for corn in the four western counties of the Lake Erie 
 group, and the crop has improved wonderfully. But the best of weather could not over- 
 come the effects of late planting and the low temperature of June and July, especially on 
 low- lying and undrained lands, and there are still many poor fields in the most favoured dis- 
 tricts. A correspondent in Harwich, county of Kent, says the crop in that township will 
 be the best for twenty years, and that if genial weather continues it will be fit to cut by 
 the 15th of this month. In Gosfield, county of Essex, the crop is extra well eared, and 
 was already glazed at date of the returns. These, however, are the most favourable reports. 
 In Haldimand and Welland there will be less than half a crop. A fair average is all 
 that can be looked for under the best conditions of weather, and there must be a large 
 quantity of com of inferior quality. Beans are good o^ dry land, but on low ground they 
 have not podded well, and some fields will not be worth harvesting. The best crops are 
 in Kent and Norfolk. Buckwheat is fairly good on the light lands of Norfolk and is. 
 loading well, but it is not grown to any great extent in the Lake Erie counties. 
 
 The corn crop of the Lake Huron counties is not extensive. In Lambton, where 
 more is probably grown than in'either Huron or Bruce, it was considerably set back by cold 
 rains, but has improved rapidly of late, and if no damage is wrought by frosts a fair yield 
 may yet be obtained. Little corn is grown in Huron and Bruce, but the condition of the ' 
 small acreage is good. Buckwheat is practically unknown, and no beans are grown, 
 except for garden purposes. 
 
 Very little corn, beans or buckwheat is grown in Grey and Simcoe, though both com 
 and beans are reported in good condition, and promising well. 
 
 The cool and wet weather of the early summer had a prejudicial effect upon the com 
 crop in the southern portion of the West 'Midland counties, where alone any is grown 
 
13 
 
 except for the purposes of fodder. The success of the crop will depend on the September 
 weather. At present appearances point to a return considerably below the average. 
 Those estimating in Brant and Oxford put it at from 50 to 60 bushels of ears per acre. 
 Beans, except for family use, are not grown, and buckwheat is scarcely sown at all in this 
 group of counties. 
 
 The majority of the reports from the Lake Ontario counties agree that the condition 
 of the crop of corn on the 1st of September was not what it might have been. Still the 
 late rains had been so beneficial that in numerous fields the prospects had changed from 
 those of a discouraging character to those much more cheering. The only dread was of 
 an early frost, but if that did not come before the 20th of the month it was believed that 
 little harm would be done. The best yield^s are expected in Lincoln and Ontario coun- 
 ties, where some fields promise from 40 to 50 bushels of corn in the ear. The condition 
 of the crop throughout the group, however, is popr. But few localities report that beans 
 are grown in them. The crop, as a rule, is backward and by no means certain to ripen 
 well, as an early frost will damage if not destroy it. Very little buckwheat was planted 
 last spring. In some places it is in good condition, but those who have promising fields 
 of it are afraid of the frost. The straw is said to be short and injured by the heat of the 
 sun during the dry weather. In none of the reports was an attempt made to estimate 
 the average yield per acre of buckwheat or beans. 
 
 Throughout the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties little corn is raised, and the cool 
 and damp season so far has had an unfavourable effect upon that which is in the fields. A 
 great deal of the success of the crop here will depend upon whether this month turns out 
 warm and dry or not. In the St. Lawrence counties few beans are grown except as a 
 garden crop, but in many of the Ottawa counties it is a field one. Those that have been 
 sown late will be in danger should there be an early frost, but those that were put in 
 moderately early promise yrelL. The estimated average is about 20 bushels to the acre. 
 Buckwheat looks well over all this district, through portions of which it is extensively 
 sown. As the blossom had scarcely more than gone on the first of the month, it is rather 
 soon to estimate. That which was early sown received a pretty severe scorching in 
 August ; that which was late sown looks best. Moderate estimates place the average at 
 from 25 to 30 bushels per acre. 
 
 Corn, beans and buckwheat are not extensively grown in the East Midland counties. 
 Corn is late, but the past few weeks have improved it greatly, so that it will be a fair crop. 
 What there is of beans and buckwheat is looking well, and if the September weather is 
 favourable the yield will be extra good. 
 
 Com in Muskoka is reported good, but in Parry Sound it is a failure. Beans are 
 few, but promise well at present. In Parry Sound buckwheat was destroyed by the July 
 frosts. 
 
 THE ROOT CEOPS. 
 
 Such field roots as mangolds, carrots and turnips are not much grown in the Lake 
 Erie counties, and the references to them by correspondents are sparing. In Elgin there 
 are a number of good fields, and they made fine growth under August showers. Potatoes 
 have also done well, exoepting in Haldimand and Welland, where they were affected by 
 the drought. In Essex the crop is ripe, but complaint is made that the potatoes are 
 smaller than usual. In the other counties they are of good size and quality, and there is 
 an average yield. Nearly all the reports refer to signs of rotting, especially in low and 
 heavy soils. 
 
 The condition of the potato crop in the Lake Huron group of counties is somewhat 
 peculiar. In Lambton and Bruce it is below the average, owing, in the former county, 
 to the injurious effect of the early rains, and in the latter, as it would seem, chiefly to the 
 too constant attentions of the Colorado beetle. In Huron, on the other hand, potatoes 
 are quite up to the mark and promise a good return. Any damage done was caused by 
 drought in the earlier part of the season, and no mention is made of extensive ravages by 
 the bug. Turnips in all three counties are poor and late, and in the southern portion of 
 the districts have not recovered from the attacks of the fly. The recent rains have, how- 
 
14 
 
 ever, improved the chances of this as well as of the other root crops,^ Mangolds are 
 generally fair, and carrots are reported excellent. Considerable growth in turnips, man- 
 golds and carrots may yet be expected ; and in view of the large hay crop in this district 
 there does not appear to be any ground for anticipating a scarcity of fodder for fattening 
 purposes. 
 
 The crops in Grey and Simooe are very much below the average. Early-planted' 
 potatoes suffered from the drought to such an extent that the following rains have not 
 had much to work on. The bug has also been busy and has despoiled many fields. One 
 correspondent summarizes by saying, "potatoes fair, bugs enormous." Late-planted 
 potatoes look well now, but will be a short crop. Turnips came up very thinly, owing 
 to the dry weather at seeding-time, and the small crop was still further thinned by the 
 fly. In some sections the turnip fields have been ploughed up, and will be re-sown with 
 fall wheat. Carrots and mangolds have shared the general suffering from drought, but 
 while doing better than turnips they will still be a very short crop. 
 
 Where the bug' has been successfully combatted the potato crop looks well, though 
 owing to the late rains there are indications of the advent of rot, especially on the wet 
 lands throughout all the Western Midland counties. On heavy clay soU the rot is more 
 apparent ; on the clayey, sandy, and gravelly loams of Waterloo and Wellington, it is not 
 noticeable. Turnips were retarded in the early part of the season, and in most places 
 never brairded fairly, owing to the fly. Now, however, since the advent of the cool 
 nights and the showers in the latter part of August, they are coming on bravely, and 
 promise fully an average crop. Mangolds and carrots look well throughout the whole of 
 this district, and many correspondents complain that the former are not grown so exten- 
 sively as their merits deserve they should be. 
 
 Throughout the Lake Ontario counties early potatoes as a crop were a failure. The 
 weather was not suitable, and "the bugs were as numerous as ever." The rains in 
 August came t6o late to save them, but in many localities were most beneficial to the 
 later varieties, which, however, as one report says, " will depend upon the way the beetles 
 have been kept down." Taken as a whole, the crop will be under the average. No rot 
 is reported, but a Glanford farmer makes mention of " a large white grub which eats the 
 tubers, as many as a half a dozen of them being found sometimes in a hill." All the root 
 crops have improved since the rains, but as a rule turnips are " thin on the ground " and 
 the crop light, though good in qualfty. Carrots and mangolds look well. 
 
 The condition of the potato crop in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties is upon 
 the whole favourable. In Proscott there are great complaints of the rot — complaints 
 which are only occasional in other localities. Owing to the wet weather on many low 
 lands rust has affected the stalks, especially of the later varieties. On the whole, an 
 average crop is expected — many correspondents placing it at two hundred bushels to the 
 acre. Turnips are not so extensively grown throughout this district as in some others,, 
 but what are in the ground look well from the recent rains. They are all late, as in the 
 majority of cases they had to be re-sown on account of the fly. Mangolds and carrots 
 promise to be above an average crop. 
 
 In Haliburton one correspondent has heard many complaints about a blight in th& 
 potato crop, a few correspondents talk of bug ravages, but generally the report from the 
 East Midland counties is that the recent rains have improved the potatoes, and the crop 
 will be a very large one. Turnips and other roots have been correspondingly benefited, 
 but damage by the fly in the early part of the season will make the yield poor. For 
 some distance around Belleville the potatoes are a failure. 
 
 The recent rains have greatly improved the condition of all roots in the Northern 
 districts, and the crops will be an average. In some sections few turnips were sown on 
 account of the fly. 
 
 THE FRUIT CROP. 
 
 Fruit trees in the Lake Erie counties are beginning to recover from the effects of the- 
 blight and are sending out new shoots, but the leaves are curled up and their general 
 condition is unhealthy. Apples are small and scabby, and the entire crop will not more^ 
 
15 
 
 than suffice for home use. Pears are fairly plentiful in Essex, Kent and Norfolk ; they 
 do not seem to have been affected to any extent by the blight which destroyed other 
 fruit. Grapes are also an abundant crop, but are late in ripening. Peaches are almost 
 wholly confined to the lake shore townships of Essex and Kent, and they are selling at 
 |2 a bushel. 
 
 Apples, the standard fruit crop of the Lake Huron counties, are everywhere reported 
 a failure. Many trees have been seriously injured by blight, and appear to be in a dying 
 condition, while the fruit is smaller in size than usual and wormy. The crop is not 
 expected to be more than sufficient to supply local demand, and there will be no surplus 
 for export. Plums are much below an average crop, owing in part to the ravages of the 
 curculio. Pears have also suffered, but not quite to the same extent as apples. The 
 trees have been more or less affected by blight, and the yield will be small. Peaches are 
 little grown in this section, but grapes are generally a good crop. 
 
 ^In other seasons apples and plums, the latter especially, have been staple fruits in 
 the Georgian Bay counties, but this year plums are conspicuously absent. " The curculio 
 has done its work," says one correspondent, who epitomizes the experience of the whole 
 section. Apple trees suffered from the general blight, the cause of which no one seems 
 able to explain. One suggestion is that it was the result of an over-draught on the vitality 
 of the trees by the superabundant bloom. As a matter of fact numerous trees have 
 died, especially in Simcoe. Snows, Duchesses and Russets seem to have stood it best, 
 although in most cases the fruit is wormy. In Grey the trees are recovering and the fruit 
 is sound, though small in size and yielding probably less than half a crop. Pears are 
 even a poorer crop than apples. Grapes have done exceedingly well, but they are grown 
 in small quantities. 
 
 / Throughout the West Midland counties fruit upon the whole is a failure. The only 
 exception is pears, which promise an average crop. The blight, of which mention was 
 made in last month's report, is showing its effects even more decidedly upon the apple trees 
 themselves as the season goes on. The apples and leaves are falling off, and even the 
 trees in many cases are dying. The crop will be a total failure. Peaches are not much 
 ■ grown in this section, and are far below the average. In the same way both plums and 
 cherries have turned out poorly, except on the higher lands, where plums are good. 
 
 ji'otwithstanding the trying weather of last winter and the blight in July — which 
 had their effect in some orchards — fruit trees are reported " healthy and thrifty " through- 
 out the Lake Ontario counties. The apple crop, however, will be far below the average 
 in yield, though the fruit, especially the late varieties, owing to the rain, will be good in 
 quality. Russets, perhaps, will be the most satisfactory in all respects. Caterpillars 
 have been very numerous, and some trees have died or withered from tke combined effects 
 of the blight and of their attacks upon the foliage. In the western counties the apple 
 crop may be pronounced a failure — in some places a total failure — the fruit being blem- 
 ished and deformed. Peaches are "light," but plums, where the black-knot had not 
 injured the trees, were a fair crop. The yield of pears is pronounced " medium," and of 
 grapes " very good indeed," if they escape an early frost. 
 
 The principal of the larger fruits grown in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties are 
 apples and plums. Pears and peaches are almost unknown — one esteemed correspondent 
 from Carleton county remarking that "there is only one pear tree that I know of in the 
 whole township." Grapes are also very little grown outside of a few gardens. The blight 
 which has spoiled the apple crop in other parts of the Province has affected this district 
 but little, and the crop promises to be fully an average one, though the apples are rather 
 a smaller sample than usual. Plums are below the average, being in about half the 
 district a very poor crop. Ttife common plum, too, is the only one that has made a fair show 
 at all. The grapes that are grown are looking remarkably well, but will depend on the 
 warmth and freedom from frost 'of the auitumn months for ripening. 
 
 There is such an abundance of wild berries in the East Midland counties and the 
 Northern districts that the cultivation of garden fruit has been neglected. Apples are the 
 principal fruit, but they will be very scarce this year. Some of the most favourable 
 reports, strange to say, come from Muskoka and Parry Sound. 
 
16 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR FALL WHEAT. 
 
 A large area of fall wheat will be sown in the Lake Erie counties this year, but 
 seeding will be about two weeks later than usual, and the ground is in a very indifferent 
 state of preparation. Farmers have been so busily at work saving their crops that they 
 have not found time to attend to their fallows. ' A good deal of grain and clover stubble 
 will also be turned down. There are diverse opinions as to the best varieties of wheat 
 for seed. Hitherto the Olawson or Seneca has been the leading favourite, being very pro- 
 ductive ; but with the wet weather of this year it was found to rust badly, and the grain 
 is soft. The Scott, on the other hand, rusts but little, and the berry is plump ; it is likely 
 to supersede the Clawson in Essex and Kent. The Fultz is a good variety for a rainy 
 year, but is losing ground in the estimation of farmers, owing to a liability to smut. The 
 Egyptian is largely grown in Elgin. It is free from rust, and is said to yield ten* per 
 cent, more than any other ; some fields are reported to have turned out as high as fifty 
 bushels per acre. The Democrat, a new variety, is also doing well in this county. In 
 Norfolk, the Clawson, Fultz, Boyer, Michigan Amber, and Democrat are grown, but the 
 Clawson continues to be the favourite ; it yields as high as forty-five bushels per acre. 
 The farmers of Haldimand and Welland still adhere to the old Mediterranean, but the 
 Fultz, Hack, Russian and Clawson are extensively grown. In Haldimand the Russian 
 appears to be taking the lead, being a very productive variety. 
 
 Complaints from Lambton, Huron and Bruce are general that the untoward weather 
 and late harvest have delayed the preparation of ground for sowing fall wheat, and the 
 season is consequently backward. This is perhaps not so much to be regretted, as the 
 chances of danger from the Hessian fly are very materially lessened by late sowing. 
 Ploughing, however, was proceeding briskly at date of returns, and not a little seed was 
 already in the ground. The likelihood is that more than the usual breadth will be sown 
 this fall, in the hope that next year will see a repetition of the present season's large crop. 
 The preference is given to the following varieties of fall wheat in the order named : Claw- 
 son (or Seneca), Scott, Reliable, IVeadwell and Michigan Amber. Democrat, Findlay and 
 Rogers are also named as being experimented upon to some extent. For spring wheat 
 Lost Nation seems to be the favourite. 
 
 In the Georgian Bay counties the late harvest and the heavy rains of August made 
 it impossible to work the summer fallows or turn over the stubble. The probability is, 
 however, that a large breadth will be sown, particularly as the fall wheat crop this year 
 had so decided an advantage over the spring wheat. An Artemesia correspondent writes 
 that the heavy sn6ws come in alternate winters and smother the plants, and on that 
 account farmers in that township, he says, will sow little fall wheat this season. Clawson 
 is the most popular variety, but strong claims are made for Arnold's Victor. One corre- 
 spondent says it stood this fall in fields where all other kinds of wheat were lying on the 
 ground, and that out of three-and-a-half dozen sheaves he has threshed four bushels with 
 a flail. Of the spring wheats White Russian is the favourite. 
 
 The lateness of the harvest has greatly retarded the preparations for fall wheat sowing 
 over the whole of the West Midland counties, so that the end of September will be near 
 <ere it is all got in. This will be all the more certain as a large area is being prepared, 
 and many of the best farmers, instead of keeping the old summer fallow, are going to sow 
 •on clover sod and barley stubble. The favourite varieties appear to be the Clawson, Scott, 
 Reliable, Michigan Amber, Democrat and White Mountain. The latter is mostly used 
 in Waterloo, whilst in Middlesex the Egyptian and the Fultz are added to the list. 
 
 Largely owing to the weather the "fallows" throughout ^the Lake Ontario counties 
 are in fine condition for receiving seed, and especially in the western portion of them an 
 immense acreage will be sown to fall wheat. Many farmers expected to have their seed- 
 ing done by the middle of September, though the late harvest tended to retard opera- 
 tions. In some parts of the group — chiefly in the eastern counties^the grain will be 
 sown late so as to escape the midge. Many of those in the western counties, who 
 reaped a bountiful harvest of fall wheat this year, are so enthusiastic that they intend 
 to try their luck again, and will seed down "every acre that can be got ready in time." 
 
17 
 
 Numerous varieties of -wheat are grown and much difference of opinion exists as to the 
 kind best adapted to withstand the changeable weather of the average Canadian winter. 
 Some new sorts have been introduced, but by general consent the Olawson variety 
 stands at the top of the list. Scott, Deihl, Treadwell, Fultz, Silverchaff, Midge-proof, 
 Hack, Egyptian, Michigan Amber and Reliable all have their patrons, and in about the 
 order mentioned. Several reports speak very highly of the Kndlay variety, though one 
 complains that the straw was heavy and the heads small ; yet it is admitted that owing 
 to the strength of the stalks it stood up against the rains and did not rust like the Clawson. 
 The Spring varieties — chiefly sown in the eastern counties — to which reference is inci- 
 dentally made, are the White Russian, the Lost Nation, the Redfern, the Annecta, and 
 the Poorland. 
 
 The St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties are not good fall wheat portions of the Prov- 
 ince. The harvest has been late, and what is sown will be got in between the middle 
 and end of this month. Not much, however, will be sown, as the experience of this 
 present year has but confirmed the general opinion of the unsuitability of this district for 
 fall wheat raising. ' The most favourite variety is universally reported as being the 
 Clawson. The favourite varieties of spring wheat are the White Russian, Old Scotch Fife, 
 Redfern and Lost Nation. 
 
 In the East Midland counties the acreage sown will not be large, but considerably 
 more than last season on account of the good crop this year. Spring wheat is mostly 
 depended upon. The Clawson is the only variety of fall wheat grown, while the White 
 Russian and Wild Goose are the best varieties of spring wheat. 
 
 HONEY. 
 
 Owing to the cold, backward spring, the failure of the clover crop and the heavy 
 rains of the latter part of the season combined, the yield of honey will be considerably 
 below the average. Correspondents in the Lake Ontario counties report that in some 
 apiaries large numbers of bees died, though from what cause is not stated. Altogether 
 the supply of honey promises to be small. 
 
 THE CEOPS ELSEWHERE. 
 
 The Report of the Washington Department of Agriculture for September shows that 
 in the United States the quality of wheat is good, and the yield above the average. In 
 parts of the winter wheat region, however, especially in Michigan and Indiana, some 
 millions of bushels have been lost by sprouting in the shock, and nearly the same loss in 
 spring wheat is reported from the same cause. The aggregate of winter wheat is about 
 380,000,000 bushels, and of spring wheat about 140,000,000. It is certain that the 
 supply has not been quite as large as in 1879 or 1880. The report on potatoes is less 
 favourable than for the preceding month, especially in New England and New York, but 
 the total yield is estimated at 150,000,000 bushels. 
 
 In Great Britain the area under wheat is about 300,000 acres greater than last year, 
 and the total product is estimated at 82,000,000 bushels. The deficit required for a year's 
 consumption is estimated at 106,000,000 bushels. The French crop is estimated at 280,- 
 000,000 bushels, which is almost sufficient for home consumption. In the other European 
 countries the crop is a fair average, and the probability is that the total deficit to be met 
 will be less than that of last year. 
 
 Prices have been falling for several weeks, both in the European and the American 
 markets, and up to this date a comparatively small quantity of wheat has been marketed. 
 The great majority of farmers, both in the United States and Canada, are not pushed to 
 make sales at a lower figure than one dollar per bushel, and there is likely to be a con- 
 siderable surplus of wheat carried over to another year. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS 
 
 Table I. — Showing the acreage and produce of Meadow and Clover ; the acreage of Field 
 
 and the produce of Maple Sugar in the Province of Ontario 
 
 
 Meadow and 
 Clover. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Mangel 
 
 WUKZBL. 
 
 Carrots. 
 
 Other 
 Roots. 
 
 COUNTIES. ^ 
 
 t 
 u 
 
 .a 
 
 1 
 
 "S 
 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 _a 
 
 Q 
 
 DD 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .9 
 
 Lake Brie Counties : 
 
 Essex 
 
 26684 
 , 38074 
 43091 
 31360 
 43070 
 39204 
 
 35779 
 51157 
 G3676 
 35488 
 46045 
 43124 
 
 2603 
 3251 
 3336 
 3785 
 1731 
 2791 
 
 94 
 210 
 198 
 
 96 
 107 
 165 
 
 28 
 91 
 141 
 80 
 63 
 63 
 
 200 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 257 
 
 400 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 554' 
 
 
 60 
 
 Welland 
 
 186 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 221483 
 
 265269 
 
 17497 
 
 870 
 
 466 
 
 1657 
 
 
 Lake Huron Counties : 
 
 46612 
 71513 
 62375 
 
 56985 
 79910 
 65408 
 
 .■5699 
 5407 
 4951 
 
 437 
 
 1249 
 
 506 
 
 175 
 526 
 301 
 
 383 
 5466 
 3730 
 
 Huron ... * ... 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 180500 
 
 201303 
 
 14057 
 
 2192 
 
 1002 
 
 9579 
 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties : 
 
 Grey 
 
 79523 
 58326 
 
 79113 
 66460 
 
 6518 
 6106 
 
 386 
 524 
 
 471 
 454 
 
 6156 
 2060 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 137849 
 
 145573 
 
 12624 
 
 910 
 
 925 
 
 82i6 
 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 
 77026 
 53075 
 26962 
 53462 
 62788 
 37371 
 29938 
 
 99680 
 69851 
 34112 
 66121 
 77233 
 44139 
 34337 
 
 6374 
 3434 
 2064 
 4464 
 5365 
 3162 
 2964 
 
 931 
 780 
 185 
 1255 
 770 
 545 
 83 
 
 352 
 329 
 204 
 519 
 254 
 330 
 141 
 
 1575 
 3997 
 1661 
 3910 
 10795 
 4740 
 2086 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 
 Wellington 
 
 
 Dufferin ; 
 
 
 Totals ... 
 
 340622 
 
 425473 
 
 27827 
 
 4549 
 
 2129 
 
 28764 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties : 
 
 31986 
 39743 
 27840 
 29007 
 64854 
 43957 
 24964 
 31205 
 24035 
 36041 
 
 36.561 
 50185 
 33812 
 34840 
 82890 
 55442 
 29175 
 35249 
 24907 
 36815 
 
 1721 
 3703 
 1672 
 2664 
 9344 
 4141 
 2171 
 3334 
 2753 
 , 3918 
 
 117 
 
 397 
 
 339 
 
 416 
 
 1826 
 
 1056 
 
 337 
 
 281 
 
 93 
 
 45 
 
 99 
 
 230 
 
 '132 
 
 393 
 
 991 
 
 546 
 
 376 
 
 197 
 
 44 
 
 65 
 
 206 
 1532 
 1109 
 
 980 
 2667 
 7948 
 2781 
 1606 
 
 164 
 
 159 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 353632 
 
 419876 
 
 35421 
 
 4907 
 
 3063 
 
 19152 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATISTICS. 
 
 Boots, Buckwheat, Beans, Flax and Hops ; the acreage of Orchard, Garden and Vineyard, 
 as returned to the Bureau of Industries for the year 1882. 
 
 Buck- 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Maple 
 
 
 wheat. 
 
 Bbans. 
 
 Flax. 
 
 Hops. 
 
 A.OEEAGE OF FbUIT. 
 
 SCGAB. 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 d. 
 
 p< 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 6 
 
 Q 
 
 g 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 i1 • 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 .3 
 
 .S 
 
 .g 
 
 -aa 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 ^ 
 
 g 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 § t*^ 
 
 
 <1 
 
 <! 
 
 < 
 
 «1 
 
 o 
 
 > 
 
 Ph 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Brie Cotjnties : 
 
 239 
 
 261 
 
 
 16 
 
 6276 
 
 133 
 
 14716 
 
 Essex. 
 
 627 
 
 6780 
 
 64 
 
 18 
 
 7295 
 
 109 
 
 33595 
 
 Kent. 
 
 1170 
 
 980 
 
 53 
 
 43 
 
 8090 
 
 31 
 
 320700 
 
 Elgin. 
 
 5136 
 
 1114 
 
 111 
 
 21 
 
 8137 
 
 80 
 
 74625 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 384 
 
 261 
 
 30 
 
 38 
 
 5269 
 
 67 
 
 25024 
 
 Haldimand. 
 
 1578 
 
 882 
 
 
 
 7302 
 
 127 
 
 5057 
 
 Welland. 
 
 9134 
 
 10278 
 
 258 
 
 136 
 
 42369 
 
 547 
 
 473717 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Hubon Counties : 
 
 415 
 
 315 
 
 78 
 
 24 
 
 7720 
 
 32 
 
 35780 
 
 Lambton. 
 
 198 
 
 45 
 
 598 
 
 193 
 
 9064 
 
 58 
 
 37425 
 
 Huron. 
 
 247 
 
 73 
 
 201 
 
 104 
 
 6415 
 
 56 
 
 41244 
 
 Bruce. • 
 
 860 
 
 433 
 
 877 
 
 321 
 
 23199 
 
 146 
 
 114449 ■ 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Geobgian Bat Counties : 
 
 185 
 
 140 
 
 176 
 
 29 
 
 7301 
 
 30 
 
 57471 
 
 Grey. 
 
 243 
 
 55 
 
 19 
 
 30 
 
 5656 
 
 14 
 
 75775 
 
 Simooe. 
 
 428 
 
 195 
 
 195 
 
 59 
 
 12957 
 
 44 
 
 133246 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 West Midland Oountikb : 
 
 383 
 
 543 
 
 319 
 
 42 
 
 11641 
 
 98 
 
 97471 
 
 Middlesex. 
 
 497 
 
 247 
 
 510 
 
 18 
 
 8608 
 
 35 
 
 148479 
 
 Oxford. ' 
 
 596 
 
 845 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 4722 
 
 31 
 
 33009 
 
 Brant. 
 
 26 
 
 46 
 
 1137 
 
 160 
 
 5593 
 
 31 
 
 21385 
 
 Perth. 
 
 163 
 
 14 
 
 493 
 
 49 
 
 5493 
 
 11 
 
 34322 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 55 
 
 34 
 
 686 
 
 7 
 
 5329 
 
 38 
 
 48996 
 
 Waterloo. 
 
 37 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 
 1832 
 
 3 
 
 21359 
 
 Dufferin. 
 
 1757 
 
 1748 
 
 3198 
 
 282 
 
 43218 
 
 1 
 
 247 
 
 405021 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties : 
 
 619 
 
 122 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 6892 
 
 130 
 
 43848 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 842 
 
 196 
 
 2 
 
 .30 
 
 1 7862 
 
 179 
 
 10.312 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 203 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 5352 
 
 43 
 
 4348 
 
 Halton. 
 
 271 
 
 83 
 
 12 
 
 
 4565 
 
 66 
 
 6631 
 
 ' Peel. 
 
 201 
 
 1.37 
 
 80 
 
 6 
 
 10323 
 
 70 
 
 38137 
 
 York. 
 
 ■ 358 
 
 563 
 
 57 
 
 11 
 
 5725 
 
 12 
 
 13986 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 381 
 
 242 
 
 50 
 
 42 
 
 3408 
 
 27 
 
 8436 
 
 Durham. 
 
 2361 
 
 723 
 
 38 
 
 139 
 
 5520 
 
 68 
 
 69840 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 3333 
 
 517 
 
 7 
 
 333 
 
 7914 
 
 21 
 
 124094 
 
 Prince Edward. 
 
 1736 
 
 2^ 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 4147 
 
 21 
 
 69121 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 103'05 
 
 2868 
 
 266 
 
 646 
 
 61708 
 
 637 
 
 388753 
 
 Totals. 
 
20 
 
 Table I. — Showing the acreage and produce of Meadow and Clover ; the acreage of Field 
 
 and the produce of Maple Sugar in the Province of Ontario, 
 
 
 Meadow and 
 Clover. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Mangel 
 
 WnBZEL. 
 
 Cabeots. 
 
 Otheb 
 Roots. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 ■1 
 
 g 
 Ah 
 
 o 
 .a 
 
 1 
 
 .s 
 
 DQ 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 _g 
 
 < 
 
 o 
 .S 
 
 St. Lawebnoe and Ottawa 
 couitties : 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 76492 
 93897 
 47421 
 29835 
 36625 
 30404 
 16499 
 53776 
 47275 
 54178 
 
 78798 
 103377 
 62251 
 37414 
 45214 
 34453 
 18901 
 60717 
 39659 
 53196 
 
 6717 
 7214 
 4371 
 2461 
 3175 
 3355 
 1691 
 6096 
 3407 
 4090 
 
 220 
 
 143 
 
 241 
 
 44 
 
 85 
 
 89 
 
 63 
 
 6,57 
 
 56 
 
 169 
 
 236 
 
 114 
 
 101 
 
 16 
 
 33 
 
 63 
 
 74 
 
 652 
 
 83 
 
 163 
 
 403 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 267 
 
 
 274 
 
 Stormout 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 4] 
 16 
 38 
 
 Russell 
 
 130 
 
 Carleton .' 
 
 15.55 
 175 
 
 Lanark 
 
 311 
 
 Totals ' 
 
 486402 
 
 533980 
 
 42577 
 
 1767 
 
 1535 
 
 3210 
 
 
 
 East Midland Counties : 
 
 Victoria 
 
 33421 
 
 33627 
 
 8787 
 
 41976 
 
 36818 
 
 34512 
 
 7885 
 
 43859 
 
 3486 
 
 2462 
 
 745 
 
 5235 
 
 437 
 
 255 
 
 6 
 
 137 
 
 340 
 
 361 
 
 5 
 
 115 
 
 2488 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton y> 
 
 TTa.stiTifrs . . . , 
 
 631 
 273 
 420 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 117811 
 
 123074 
 
 11928 
 
 835 
 
 821 
 
 3812 
 
 
 
 NORTHEBN DiSTBICTS : 
 
 Algoma 
 
 6596 
 
 11250 
 
 5953 
 
 6927 
 
 10968 
 
 6046 
 
 540 
 
 1239 
 
 556 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 24 
 10 
 
 194 
 
 
 377 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 203 
 
 Totals 
 
 23799 
 
 23941 
 
 23.35 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 774 
 
 
 SUMMAEY OF RETUENS 
 
 Lake Beib Counties 
 
 Lake Hueon Counties : . . . 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties : 
 
 West Midland Counties 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa ) 
 
 Counties ) 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Northern Districts . 
 
 Totals 
 
 221483 
 180500 
 137849 
 340622 
 353632 
 
 265269 
 201303 
 145573 
 425473 
 419876 
 
 17497 
 14057 
 12624 
 27827 
 35421 
 
 870 
 2192 
 
 910 
 4549 
 4907 
 
 466 
 1002 
 
 925 
 2129 
 3063 
 
 486402 
 
 533980 
 
 42577 
 
 1767 
 
 1535 
 
 117811 
 23799 
 
 123074 
 23941 
 
 11928 
 2335 
 
 835 
 30 
 
 821 
 40 
 
 1862098 
 
 2138489 
 
 164266 
 
 16060 
 
 9981 
 
 -. 1 
 
 1657 
 
 9579 
 
 8216 
 
 28764 
 
 19152 
 
 3210 
 
 3812 
 
 774 
 
 75164 
 
21 
 
 Roots, Buckwheat, Beans, Flax and Hops ; the acreage of Orchard, G-arden and Vineyard, 
 as returned to the Bureau of Industries for the year 1882 — Continued. 
 
 BnoK- 
 
 WHBAT. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 Flax. 
 
 Hops. 
 
 AOBBAGE OF Fe¥IT. 
 
 Maple 
 
 SUSAB. 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 Pi 
 
 a 
 
 * 
 
 ■1 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 2 
 
 h 
 
 o 
 
 
 "S-S 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 §1 
 
 ■d 
 
 1 
 
 
 .a 
 
 .2 
 
 a 
 
 _g 
 
 -s* 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 
 3 
 
 V 
 
 <° 
 
 s 
 
 « 
 
 S? 
 
 ■gss 
 
 
 s 
 
 g 
 
 g3 
 
 g 
 
 ^ 
 
 .9 
 
 g^ 
 
 
 <! 
 
 <i 
 
 <! 
 
 <1 
 
 o 
 
 ;> 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Lawkence and Ottawa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Counties : 
 
 2291 
 
 855 
 
 10 
 
 
 4258 
 
 14 
 
 128086 
 
 Frontenao. 
 
 4575 
 
 420 
 
 48 
 
 348 
 
 4540 
 
 46 
 
 408422 
 
 Leeds and Grenville. 
 
 1503 
 
 399 
 
 60 
 
 2 
 
 2125 
 
 
 168318 
 
 Dundas. 
 
 2525 
 
 95 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 1532 
 
 
 . 139095 
 
 Stormont. 
 
 2168 
 
 155 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 1259 
 
 13 
 
 185970 
 
 Glengarry. 
 
 2032 
 
 754 
 
 43 
 
 7 
 
 732 
 
 16 
 
 37030 
 
 Presoott. 
 
 757 
 
 244 
 
 141 
 
 60 
 
 .339 
 
 4 
 
 12393 
 
 Bussell. 
 
 2907 
 
 376 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 1555 
 
 23 
 
 16277 
 
 Carleton. 
 
 818 
 
 390 
 
 65 
 
 47 
 
 641 
 
 1 
 
 20945 
 
 Renfrew. 
 
 7472 
 
 412 
 
 19 
 
 23 
 
 1519 
 
 9 
 
 203028 
 
 Lanark. 
 
 27048 
 
 4100 
 
 438 
 
 543 
 
 18500 
 
 126 
 
 1319564 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Midland Codntiks : 
 
 396 
 
 165 
 
 115 
 
 25 
 
 2750 
 
 25 
 
 27218 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 347 
 
 163 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 2393 
 
 8 
 
 51413 
 
 Peterborough. 
 
 316 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 180 
 
 
 47746 
 
 Haliburton. 
 
 2005 
 
 310 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 6091 
 
 34 
 
 280799 
 
 Hastings. 
 
 3064 
 
 653 
 
 164 
 
 60 
 
 11414 
 
 67 
 
 407176 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NoBTHEKN DiSTKlOTS : 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 99 
 
 2 
 
 4392 
 
 Algoma. 
 
 278 
 
 56 
 
 10 
 
 
 215 
 
 8 
 
 30622 
 
 Muskoka. 
 
 60 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 15381 
 
 Parry Sound. 
 
 359 
 
 82 
 
 17 
 
 
 360 
 
 10 
 
 50395 
 
 Totals. 
 
 BY COUNTY GEOTJPS. 
 
 9134 
 
 860 
 
 428 
 
 1767 
 
 10305 
 
 27048 
 
 3064 
 359 
 
 52955 
 
 10278 
 
 258 
 
 136 
 
 . 433 
 
 877 
 
 321 
 
 195 
 
 195 
 
 59 
 
 1748 
 
 3198 
 
 282 
 
 2868 
 
 266 
 
 646 
 
 4100 
 
 438 
 
 543 
 
 653 
 
 164 
 
 60 
 
 82 
 
 17 
 
 
 20357 
 
 5413 
 
 2047 
 
 42369 
 
 547 
 
 23199 
 
 • 146 
 
 12957 
 
 44 
 
 43218 
 
 247 
 
 61708 
 
 637 
 
 18500 
 
 .126 
 
 11414 
 
 67 
 
 360 
 
 10 
 
 213725 
 
 1824 
 
 473717 
 114449 
 133246 
 405021 
 388753 
 
 1319564 
 
 407176 
 50395 
 
 3292321 
 
 Lake Eeie Counties. 
 Lake Huron Counties. 
 Georgian Bat Counties. 
 West Midland Counties. 
 Lake Ontario Counties. 
 
 ( St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 I Counties. 
 East Midland Counties. 
 Northern Disteiots. 
 
 Totals. 
 
22 
 
 Table II.— Showing by County Municipalities the total produce of staple cereals in 
 Ontario, based on correspondents' returns of average yield. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Brace 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham '. 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Prontenao 
 
 Leeds and Grenville . . . 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Bussell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Algomai 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Total 
 
 884,227 
 
 1,646,095 
 
 1,458,600 
 
 965,212 
 
 788,274 
 
 531,677 
 
 1,209,236 
 
 2,698,363 
 
 1,919,800 
 
 1,378,000 
 
 1,913,845 
 
 2,639,832 
 
 1,459,955 
 
 924,056 
 
 1,695,180 
 
 990,440 
 
 1,311,288 
 
 403,080 
 
 644,895 
 
 878,515 
 
 628,272 
 
 699,361 
 
 1,567,505 
 
 446,847 
 
 780,129 
 
 211,154 
 
 85,554 
 
 55,119 
 
 100,500 
 
 192,289 
 
 80,063 
 
 38,283 
 
 13,270 
 
 5,870 
 
 7,020 
 
 64,785 
 
 73,718 
 
 114,896 
 
 326,170 
 
 328,158 
 
 5,575 
 
 177,590 
 
 15,486 
 
 951 
 
 1,268 
 
 32,352,403 
 
 ' $ 
 
 16,099 
 
 8,505 
 
 2,394 
 
 3,640 
 
 15,808 
 
 7,525 
 
 60,306 
 
 265,746 
 
 145,392 
 
 792,525 
 
 673,596 
 
 33,330 
 
 56,080 
 
 14,588 
 
 148,852 
 
 377,162 
 
 87,568 
 
 359,977 
 
 11,505 
 
 20,214 
 
 43,054 
 
 241,140 
 
 561,886 
 
 732,750 
 
 576,593 
 
 371,715 
 
 91,334 
 
 190,153 
 
 209,160 
 
 174,282 
 
 99,528 
 
 65,615 
 
 68,952 
 
 132,363 
 
 50,320 
 
 519,384 
 
 362,502 
 
 199,070 
 
 677,160 
 
 420,347 
 
 24,240 
 
 190,170 
 
 149,965 
 
 19,217 
 
 24,081 
 
 ^ 
 
 n 
 
 39,097 
 
 208,680 
 
 154,048 
 
 202,540 
 
 461,794 
 
 100,295 
 
 569,790 
 
 919,523 
 
 549,724 
 
 642,166 
 
 817,792 
 
 654,563 
 
 591,720 
 
 514,255 
 
 806,358 
 
 893,625 
 
 643,533 
 
 297,500 
 
 128,442 
 
 401,970 
 
 484,185 
 
 1,060,266 
 
 1,902,045 
 
 1,360,296 
 
 898,826 
 
 90,825 
 
 1,251,925 
 
 1,584,968 
 
 1,142,245 
 
 376,758- 
 
 543,693 
 
 104,578 
 
 51,030 
 
 59,094 
 
 31,787 
 
 323,425 
 
 29,340 
 
 81,795 
 
 898,391 
 
 355,472 
 
 6,485 
 
 1,286,670 
 
 9,379 
 
 6,641 
 
 7,525 
 
 I 
 
 954,320 
 
 991,267 
 
 1,365,441 
 
 949,826 
 
 708,968 
 
 656,240 
 
 1,386,012 
 
 2,559,360 
 
 1,765,332 
 
 2,299,866 
 
 1,438,290 
 
 2,534,650 
 
 1,799,887 
 
 692,730 
 
 1,955,310 
 
 2,004,105 
 
 1,456,109 
 
 787,620 
 
 611,791 
 
 975,240 
 
 713,187 
 
 855,408 
 
 2,626,445 
 
 1,472,592 
 
 768,250 
 
 560,040 
 
 282,269 
 
 684,453 
 
 1,416,730 
 
 1,971,977 
 
 1,735,720 
 
 900,084 
 
 871,910 
 
 1,024,713 
 
 605,720 
 
 2,966,250 
 
 1,131,463 
 
 1,393,902 
 
 1,146,667 
 
 741,422 
 
 136,448 
 
 816,.'S30 
 
 63,473 
 
 142,883 
 
 76,269 
 
 9,295,793 
 
 23,545,059 
 
 52,997,169 
 
 
 41,032 , 
 
 80,975 
 201,564 
 179,724 
 200,844 
 
 55,854 
 100,331 
 552,673 
 776,936 
 924,374 
 585,750 
 317,781 
 203,260 
 115,220 
 473,088 
 700,370 
 289,553 
 425,645 
 
 52,445 
 170,820 
 168,672 
 171,006 
 529,700 
 446,030 
 417,131 
 233,480 
 
 60,030 
 168,740 
 394,020 
 124,440 
 
 62,260 
 
 55,833 
 
 62,741 . 
 314,223 
 
 83,197 
 323,140 
 312,840 ■' 
 
 33,70a ,i 
 364,972 ' 
 267.771 
 
 27,080 
 255,080 3i 
 
 58,728 4 
 
 28,276 i 
 
 17,144 S 
 
 11,428,479 
 
THE WEATHEE. 
 
 REPOET FOE AUGUST. 
 
 [compiled at the METEOEOLOQICAL office, TORONTO.] 
 
 The month of August has been warmer than the average, although it was about 1° 5' 
 colder than August, 1881. The month commenced fine and warm, ,the temperature in many 
 places reaching as high as 93° in the shade. About the 6th this was accompanied by- 
 frequent heavy rains and high winds, causing injury to the growing crop and sprouting 
 those that were cut. The following week was cool and bright, although light rains were 
 frequent. About the 14th the weather became warmer for a few days; but by the 17th 
 another change occurred, the temperature falling rapidly, with keen cool nights, frost 
 being recorded in some places on the 19th. The latter part of the month was warm and 
 pleasant, although some heavy rains fell in many localities about the 21st and 23rd. 
 The last week of the month was seasonably dry and fine. 
 
 Thunder storms were frequent, and in some cases were accompanied by' hail of 
 large size; fogs, also, were frequent morning and evening. 
 
 The rainfall was considerably above the average. In the West and South-west dis- 
 trict it was 1.48 in. above the average; in the North-west and North district it was 
 0.55 in. above; in the Central district it was 1.75 in. above, and in the North-east and 
 East it was 0.82 in. above. The heaviest monthly rainfalls, as far as received, were at 
 Maidstone, where 6.28 in. fell; at Sarnia, 5.19 in.; at Birnam, 7.18 in., and at New- 
 market, 5.13 in. The smallest monthly rainfall appears to have been at Gravenhurst, 
 Muskoka, where only 1.24 in. is recorded to have fallen. 
 
 Mean Temperature for August at certain Collegiate ■ Institutes in Ontario, divided into 
 five-day periods, mean for the month, the highest and lowest temperature and the date 
 of their occurrence, and the mean of the warmest and coldest days with their dates. 
 
 
 C5 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 * 
 d 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 p-( 
 
 d 
 
 ■R 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 Ist to 5th 
 
 
 
 fi9.5 
 65.8 
 64.4 
 63.1 
 70.3 
 71.8 
 
 72.4 
 65.7 
 71.5 
 66.0 
 73.6 
 72.1 
 
 70.9 
 66.7 
 69.1 
 63.7 
 69.1 
 68.5 
 
 o 
 
 68.6 
 70.4 
 70.8 
 66.6 
 69.4 
 69.3 
 
 70.9 
 69.7 
 66.8 
 64.1 
 68.6 
 70.1 
 
 74.8 
 67.1 
 70.1 
 64.9 
 70.4 
 71.9 
 
 O 
 
 72.1 
 66.9 
 68.8 
 63.3 
 68.1 
 69.5 
 
 72.8 
 69.4 
 65.9 
 62.4 
 65.5 
 66.9 
 
 73.9 
 
 6th to 10th 
 
 67.7 
 
 nth to 15th 
 
 16th to 20th .... 
 
 67.4 
 60.8 
 
 2l8t to 25th . . 
 
 26th to Slat 
 
 67.1 
 68.2 
 
 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 67.5 
 
 70.2 
 
 68.0 
 
 69.2 
 
 68.4 
 
 70.0 
 
 68.1 
 
 67.1 
 
 67.5 
 
 
 
 
 84.9 
 
 15.16 
 
 49.0 
 
 12.19 
 
 35.9 
 
 87.8 
 
 6 
 
 47.2 
 
 11 
 
 40.6 
 
 85,3 
 6 
 44.9 
 19.20 
 40.4 
 
 89.3 
 
 6 
 
 44.3 
 
 19 
 
 45.0 
 
 86.9 
 
 7 
 
 46.8 
 
 20 
 
 40.1 
 
 89.6 
 
 5 
 
 41.1 
 
 19 
 
 48.5 
 
 86.1 
 
 15 
 43.5 
 
 19 
 42.6 
 
 93.8 
 
 6 
 
 44.2 
 
 19 
 
 49.6 
 
 93.1 
 
 Date 
 
 5 
 
 Lowest Temperature 
 
 Date ... 
 
 43.2 
 19 
 
 Range of Month . 
 
 49.9 
 
 
 
 Warmest day 
 
 5 
 
 74.4 
 
 18 
 
 57.8 
 
 15 
 
 74.4 
 
 9 
 
 58:9 
 
 7 
 
 76.4 
 
 10 
 
 57.3 
 
 15 
 79.6 
 
 19 
 61.3 
 
 7 
 
 76.4 
 
 19 
 
 59.1 
 
 5 
 
 78.4 
 
 18 
 
 59.7 
 
 5 
 
 75.2 
 
 19 
 
 58.9 
 
 6 
 
 78.6 
 
 18 
 
 54.6 
 
 4 
 
 Temperature 
 
 77.0 
 
 Coldestday 
 
 18 
 
 
 54.3 
 
 
 
 * The entries for Toronto are derived from the Observatory. 
 
25 
 
 Summary of the Fall of Bain during the month of August, 1 882, etc. — Continued. 
 
 Central District. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Ifewmarket 
 
 Credit 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Hamilton High School. 
 
 Georgetown , 
 
 St. Catharines 
 
 Copatown 
 
 North Glanf ord 
 
 Mean of District . 
 
 Observer. 
 
 J. E. Bsten 
 
 Dr. Dixie 
 
 Observatory 
 
 G. Dickson, B.A.... 
 
 J. Barber 
 
 R. Cameron 
 
 J. Ireland 
 
 E. Dickenson 
 
 Bast and North-East District. 
 
 Cornwall High School 
 
 Peterborough High School 
 
 Lakefield 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Port Hope 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Clontarf 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 L'Origpal 
 
 Rockliffe 
 
 Northoote 
 
 Kirkfield 
 
 Merrickville 
 
 Benf rew 
 
 Addison 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Newburgh 
 
 Mattawan 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Metcalfe 
 
 Brechin 
 
 Desoronto 
 
 Lunenburg 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 Hampton 
 
 James Smith, M.A . 
 
 J. Dixon, M.A 
 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 T. Beall 
 
 John Foott 
 
 Kev. J. McLeary . . . 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 A. Sohultz 
 
 A. Thompson 
 
 F. Bisset 
 
 W. H. Molntyre . . . 
 
 F. Kosmark 
 
 J. McTaggart 
 
 P. Y. Merrick 
 
 W. E. Smallheld . . . 
 
 B. Loverie 
 
 Charles Row 
 
 Wm. Grange 
 
 W. H. Mclntyre . . . 
 
 H. McDiarmid 
 
 F.Telford 
 
 F. Ireson 
 
 P. M. Rae 
 
 H.B. Rathbun 
 
 J. H. Grant 
 
 C. Chapman 
 
 H. EUiott 
 
 .4 
 
 5.13 
 3.35 
 2.52 
 4.84 
 4.75 
 2.57 
 4.03 
 2.74 
 
 3.74 
 
 Mean of District 3.04 
 
 2.84 
 1.76 
 2.24 
 2.67 
 2.12 
 
 2!5i 
 3.38 
 4.82 
 3.63 
 3.51 
 3.01 
 3.50 
 
 2.37 
 1.44 
 3.50 
 2.94 
 7.69 
 1.95 
 2.23 
 
 i;37 
 2.11 
 4.05 
 1.78 
 5.41 
 
 ft 
 
 11 
 9 
 15 
 12 
 14 
 10 
 10 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 10 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 ii' 
 
 14 
 12 
 7 
 14 
 11 
 13 
 
 is' 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 13 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 "¥ 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 S Eg Q 
 
 -a £■" 
 
 a*" " 
 iZ5 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 10 
 8 
 5 
 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 12 
 5 
 7 
 
 
 g3 fi 
 
 w 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.08 
 0.45 
 1.07 
 0.78 
 0.40 
 
 i'.is 
 
 1.15 
 1.33 
 1.25 
 0.84 
 0.78 
 1.00 
 
 6!72 
 0.61 
 2.00 
 1.45 
 1.75 
 0.95 
 0.41 
 
 6!34 
 1.97 
 1.39 
 1.02 
 2.82 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 22 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 10.22 
 
 "s 
 
 8.9 
 23 
 
 9 
 8.9 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 "s 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 26 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 is 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 Proportion of Sunshine in each hour of the day during which the sun was above the 
 horizon in the month of August, 1882. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hours Ending 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 a.m. 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Noon. 
 
 1 p.m. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Toronto 
 
 0.04 
 .21 
 .10 
 .07 
 .15 
 
 0.30 
 .52 
 .33 
 .22 
 
 .28 
 
 0.39 
 .59 
 .45 
 .39 
 .54 
 
 0.46 
 .56 
 .47 
 .,51 
 .64 
 
 0.53 
 .60 
 .52 
 .60 
 .76 
 
 0..57 
 .64 
 .55 
 .57 
 .79 
 
 0.52 
 .66 
 .57 
 .55 
 .81 
 
 0.57 
 ,74 
 .58 
 .60 
 .77 
 
 0.54 
 .68 
 .60 
 .56 
 .72 
 
 0.54 
 .58 
 .54 
 .,53 
 .71 
 
 0.49 
 .63 
 .58 
 .49 
 .64 
 
 0..58 
 .56 
 .49 
 .54 
 .40 
 
 0.40 
 147 
 .17 
 .44 
 .09 
 
 0.18 
 
 St. Catharines 
 
 .01 
 
 11 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 .11 
 
 Mean proportion for the month, constant sunshine being represented by 1 : Wood- 
 stock, 0.44 ; Toronto, 0.54 ; St. Catharines, 0.42 ; Lindsay, 0.43 ; Cornwall, 0.54. Maxi- 
 mum daily amount: Woodstock, 17th, 0.92; Toronto, llthjO;93^; St. Catharines, 11th, 
 0.80; Lindsay, 13th, 0.93. 
 
AGETCULTUEAL EETUENS 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1883. 
 
 EEPORT ON FALL CROPS, LIYE STOCK, AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF 
 FARM LANDS IN ONTARIO. 
 
 We have now reached the close of the growing season. It is a fitting time to review 
 the results of farm operations for the year ; to note the progress made in threshing and 
 marketing grain, and in gathering the fall crops of fruit and roots ; to give an account of 
 the condition of live stock and the supplies of animal products, the breadth and appear- 
 ance of the new crop of fall wheat, and the preparation of land for next spring's seeding. 
 
 The present Report deals with these and other subjects, the main object kept in view 
 being to narrate facts rather than to draw inferences or express opinions. Additional 
 statistics are also given, and the tables published in earlier Reports (having been carefully 
 revised with the aid of more complete data) are reproduced. They show in concise form 
 the extent and results of agricultural industry in Ontario this year, — ^the area of occupied 
 and cleared lands, the acreage and produce of crops, the numbers of live stock, and the 
 values of farm property. 
 
 The early part of the season gave but a faint promise of the rich harvest that has 
 been gathered. April was dry and cold, with raw winds from the north and east, and 
 sharp frosts almost every night. The temperature continued low until late in May, 
 easterly winds prevailing, but with a marked increase in the rainfall. Forest trees were 
 not fully out in leaf at the end of that month, and spring grains and grasses showed only 
 a short and sickly growth. The fall wheat and clover had suffered greatly by the alternate 
 freezings and tha wings, and the fruit crop was ruined in the blossom by the conjoined 
 effects of frost, wind and chilling rains. In short, the spring was one of the latest in 
 opening and the most unfavourable to vegetation on record. 
 
 But a marked change came with the month of June. There were warm days and 
 genial showers, and under these influences grass and grain crops made vigorous growth, 
 steadily improving until they were ready for the mower and reaper. Indeed it is doubtful 
 if better crops all round have ever before been produced in the country, the only failures 
 worthy of mention being orchard fruits and clover. Some damage and considerable delay 
 were caused in the western counties of the Province by the heavy rains of the wheat 
 harvest season ; but compensation was made in the benefits to corn, roots and pastures, 
 which had suffered by the drought of July. 
 
 The bountiful nature of the harvest has been referred to. But this good fortune 
 was not given to Ontario alone ; large crops have been the rule nearly all over the conti- 
 nent, — a fact which must not be lost sight of when comparisons are made. 
 
The reports of correspondents stow that all late-ripening crops have been favoured 
 by the fall weather. There was generally just enough rain in August and the early part 
 of September to promote healthy growth, and over a large part of the Province there was 
 no frost to hurt vegetation until the 19th of October. 
 
 Corn, which fared badly throughout June and July, was greatly im'proved in the 
 latter part of the season. It is an excellent crop in Essex and Kent, and fairly good in 
 portions of Lambton, Middlesex, Oxford, Brant, Elgin, Norfolk and some of the Lake 
 Ontario counties. In the counties of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa group it is a light 
 crop and poor sample, haying been caught in an immature state by fall rains and frosts, 
 and in other parts of the Province little is grown. 
 
 Field beans are grown mainly in the counties of Kent and Norfolk in the west, and-- 
 in the counties along the Ottawa river in the east. In the latter district there has been 
 an excellent yield, though in\some localities injury was done by frost. There has been 
 also a good crop in Norfolk, but in Kent it ripened unevenly owing, doubtless, to the 
 excess of August rains. 
 
 There was a large area under buckwheat in the eastern counties of the Province, — 
 towards the lower end of Lake Ontario, and between the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers. 
 It ripened well, and is reported to be the best crop in many years, but some fields were 
 partially destroyed by the gale of September 14th, and others by early frost and wet 
 weather at the reaping season. The largest and best crops in the west were grown in 
 the county of Norfolk. 
 
 In all parts of the Province clover was seriously injured by winter exposure and 
 spring frosts, and the comparatively few fields that were kept for seed have produced 
 inferior or worthless crops'. The best reports come from Essex and Kent, but even in 
 those counties the seed is found to be small and shrunken. Elsewhere it has been almost 
 wholly destroyed by blight and the midge. 
 
 The root crops have been variously affected. In some districts, as in the Niagara 
 peninsula, in the Georgian Bay counties, along the shore of Lake Ontario and in the St. 
 Lawrence and Ottawa counties, the effects of summer droughts were felt, and the heavy 
 rains of a later period were followed over large areas by the appearance of the potato rot. 
 Then the potato beetle and the turnip fly were busy everywhere, and for a time the out- 
 look was not very cheering. But the rot soon ceased to cause anxiety, and under favour- 
 able fall weather late potatoes, and especially turnips and mangolds, satisfied the most 
 sanguine hopes of the husbandman. A larger or better crop of field roots has never been 
 grown in the cattle-feeding counties of western Ontario. 
 
 Meagre crops of orchard fruits are the rule in all the best fruit-growing counties, 
 and good ones are reported only from the poorest — a result partly, no doubt, of climatic 
 causes. Vegetation is several days earlier in the western portion of the Province than 
 in the eastern, and this year a severe frost occurred soon after the blossoming of fruit 
 trees in the former district and before they had blossomed in the latter. But while 
 orchards were healthy in the east, and trees made good growth, they were stricken with 
 a blight in the west that blasted both leaf and fruit, from which they did not recorve 
 until late in the season. The cause of the blight is not well understood, although many 
 theories are advanced, but the opinion is generally expressed that it was temporary as 
 well as local in its character. The codling moth was also a worse pest among the apple 
 trees than usual, and by the gale of September 14th nearly the whole of the affected fruit 
 was blown down ; in many districts a fourth of the crop was stripped off by that storm. 
 Peaches were a small crop, owing partly to the effects of an ice-storm last winter and 
 partly to frost at the flowering season. There was an average supply of pears in the 
 country, and in the western counties grapes were plentiful and ripened well. 
 
 With the exception of three or four counties where local droughts prevailed pastures 
 have been fresh and rich all the season, and live stock are reported to be healthy and in 
 good flesh. Sales of store animals have been active for some time, and it is specially 
 noticed that the stock of mature steers for stall feeding is much lower now than two years 
 ago. The practice in the best grazing districts is to give cattle meal on the grass, and 
 large numbers fitted in this way are sold to dealers in the summer and early fall. An 
 instance of the extent of this trade is furnished by the county of Middlesex, where it is 
 
stated that more than 8,000 have been sold for export this year at an average of $80 per 
 head. Many farmers, however — -encouraged by the high price of meat, the abundant 
 crop of the roots and the low price of coarse grains — are buying up second and third 
 class cattle to feed all winter for the spring markets. Hogs are scarce, but a large per- 
 centage of the whole has been shut up for fattening. A fair surplus of sheep and lambs 
 is held in the inland counties, where there is a growing preference for Downs ; in the 
 Lake Erie and St. Lawrence counties drovers buying for the American markets always 
 keep the supply low. Fine pastures, steady demand and good prices combined to favour 
 the cheese industry this season, and a very large quantity has been made and exported. 
 The butter supply is consequently below the average of former years, but it will increase 
 ,as the factories close. 
 
 The bulk of this year's grain crops is no doubt in farmers' hands, and a large propor- 
 tion of it is yet unthreshed. The late harvest, the sowing of fall wheat and the taking 
 up of root crops have operated to some extent to delay marketing, but the principal 
 reason is the lowness of prices ; farmers are only selling enough to meet pressing demands. 
 A good deal of the fall wheat threshed after harvest to make room for the spring grain 
 found its way to market, but little has been sold since. The good quality qf the barley 
 grown in the Bay of Quints region — where it was reaped and housed in fine condition — 
 has induced buyers to offer good prices there. In the western counties on the other 
 hand, where it was discoloured by rains, prices rule low, and there is reason to believe 
 that a large part of it will be fed at home. 
 
 The Tables of Statistics show what the farmers of Ontario have done, and are doing. 
 The total number of farms in the Province is 201,766, embracing an area of 19,602,387 
 acres, of which 10,211,960 acres are cleared. The value of farm land is set down at 
 $631,882,030, and the total of land, buildings, implements and live stock at $882,024,500. 
 
 The area under grain crops this year was 5,002,067 acres, or 48 per cent, of all the 
 cleared land, and under other field crops, orchard, etc., 2,335,149 acres. This makes a 
 total under tillage of 7,337,216 acres, leaving 2,874,474 acres for pasture and fallow land. 
 The acreage and production of each crop are given as follows : Fall wheat, 1,188,520 acres, 
 31,255,202 bushels; spring wheat, 586,817 acres, 9,665,999 bushels; barley, 848,617 
 acres, 24,284,407 bushels; oats, 1,375,415 acres, 50,097,997 bushels; rye, 189,031 
 acres, 3,549,898 bushels; peas, 557,157 acres, 10,943,355 bushels; corn, 206,924 acres, 
 13,420,984 bushels (in the ear); buckwheat, 49,586 acres, 1,247,943 bushels. The 
 total of spring and fall wheat is 1,775,337 acres, yielding 40,921,201 bushels, or an 
 average of 23?05 bushels per acre. 
 
 The produce of each kind of grain is based on the returns of threshers and the reports 
 of correspondents — the method adopted by the department of Agriculture at Washington 
 and by several State Bureaus. The following table gives the average of bushels per acre 
 this year for the Province of Ontario and for nine of the principal wheat-growing States, 
 the figures for the latter being taken from the October Report of the United States De- 
 partment of Agriculture : 
 
 
 Fall 
 Wheat. 
 
 Spring 
 Wheat. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Rye. 
 
 
 
 
 26.3 
 
 16.7 
 17.8 
 15.7 
 16.0 
 14.6 
 19.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 28.6 
 
 19.9 
 25.2 
 24.0 
 22.5 
 23.0 
 25.7 
 21.7 
 23.3 
 29.2 
 
 36.4 
 
 28.0 
 33.3 
 27.0 
 37.4 
 34.5 
 38.1 
 31.8 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 
 18.8 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 15.8 
 
 
 17.0 
 
 
 
 15.1 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 16.6 
 
 
 15.5 
 
 Kansas 
 
 
 22.3 
 
 11.0 
 13.3 
 
 16.7 
 
 14.3 
 
 
 
 18.0 
 
 
 
 20.0 
 
 
 
 
• It is only necessary to add that in the United States the grain crops are regarded as 
 exceptionally good this year. The comparison of averages therefore makes a remarkably 
 good showing for Ontario. 
 
 ^The total produce of beans is computed to be 409,910 bushels ; of potatoes, 18,432,145 
 bushels; of mangold wurtzels, 7,711,420 bushels; of carrots, 4,009,975 bushels; and of 
 turnips, 35,359,331 bushels. The area under meadow and clover was 1,825,890 acres, 
 and the produce 2,090,626 tons, being an average of only 1.14 tons per acre. The damage 
 done to clover by winter exposure and spring frosts accounts for this poor result. Orchard 
 and garden embrace an area of 213,846 acres, and vineyard 2,098 acres. The returns for 
 the latter are doubtless imperfect. 
 
 The tables of live stock show that the number of farm horses in the Province on th( 
 31st of May was 503,604; of cattle, 1,586,312; of sheep, 1,915,303; of hogs, 850,226 
 and of poultry, 5,352,120. The number of milch cows was 669,629, and of thoroughbred, 
 cattle, 23,629 ; the returns of the latter, however, were incomplete. Of sheep one year 
 and over 933,143 were returned as coarse-wooUed, and 178,299 as fine-woolled; the 
 average Weight per fleece of coarse wool was 5.19 lbs., and of fine wool 5.07 lbs. The 
 number of hogs one year and over was 252,415, and under one year 597,811. The 
 number of turkeys was 310,058 ; of geese, 533,357 ; and of other fowls, 4,508,705. 
 
 A large breadth of fall wheat has been sown, but it was got in late and much of the 
 ground was in poor condition. The rains of August prolonged the harvesting season, and 
 farmers were not able to give the usual care to summer fallows. Besides, as an increased 
 acreage almost invariably follows a good crop, quantities of indiflferently tilled and 
 manured stubble land have been pressed into service. In many parts of the country — 
 especially in the western counties — the ground was hard to work, owing to the drought 
 of September, and some fields were sown as late as the 20th of October. The young 
 plant has in these districts made slow growth, for want of stimulating rains, and has 
 neither rooted nor tillered well ; yet it looks healthy and has a fairly promising appear- 
 ance. In the eastern counties, where the September rainfall was greater, the land was 
 in good tilth and the crop is in fine condition. A few reports make mention of injury 
 done by the Hessian fly, the wire-worm and the white grub, but it has been in no instance 
 serious. 
 
 It appears from the reports of correspondents that much attention is being paid to 
 underdraining and to manuring the soil. The value of drainage has been strongly enforced 
 by the experience of this year, and in many sections the work is only limited by the 
 scarcity of labour and of tiles. " Large quantities of salt and plaster are used on grain, 
 roots and grass crops, but there is a growing opinion that the best way to keep up the 
 strength of the land is to increase the manure heap, — -which means, to quote the remark 
 of a Wellington correspondent, that " there is nothing like plenty beef and mutton to the 
 acre." Salt is less used as a fertilizer this year for the reason that manufacturers have 
 doubled the price, and phosphates are generally used in limited quantities only by way of 
 experiment. 
 
 Slow progress has been made with fall ploughing, the ground being generally too 
 hard and dry ; but the prolonged season has been a boon to all who were behind with 
 this important work. , 
 
 BuBEAU OF Industries, 
 
 Toronto, November 18, 1882. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
DIGEST OF THE 
 
 EEPORTS OF COEHESPONDENTS/ 
 
 CORN, BEANS, BUCKWHEAT AND SEED CLOVER. 
 
 LAKE EKIE COUNTIES. 
 
 Reports from the Lake Erie counties say that ^1 these crops have had an excellent 
 chance, thanks to the fine open fall w^eather and the absence of frosts. In the four 
 ■western counties great benefit resulted from the August rains and the warm days which 
 followed, and there was no frost to injure vegetation until the night of 19th October. In 
 the two eastern counties, on the other hand, the rain-fall was light, and corn and seed 
 clover especially were nipped by frost before they were fully ripe. In Essex and Kent 
 corn made surprising improvement in the latter part of the season, and was both well- 
 eared and well-ripened. Farmers were busy husking it at the date of the returns. In 
 some portions of Elgin, near the lake shore, the crop is very good ; the ears are hard and 
 sound, but the husk is tight owing to late ripening, and husking is difficult. Only 
 one township in Norfolk reports the crop' very good, "all ripe and the ears well filled;" 
 in the rest of the county it is generally below an average, and the best only fair. Beans 
 are chiefly grown in Kent and Norfolk. In Kent they did not ripen evenly, and were 
 damaged to some extent by the August rains. A correspondent in Windham (Norfolk), 
 says : " Beans are good and the yield excellent, some stalks having one hundred and 
 seventy pods, with seven to nine beans in a pod." In other portions of the county the 
 crop ranges from very fair to below an average. Buckwheat thrives on the light, sandy 
 lands of Norfolk and some sections of Elgin, but the buckwheat farmer is not held in 
 much repute in the Lake Erie counties. "Any farmer that grows it should be turned 
 out of the profession," one correspondent indignantly remarks. As a consequence of the 
 damage to clover by the winter and spring frosts, very few fields were kept for seed ; and 
 excepting in Kent and Essex the crop of seed clover is almost a total failure. In some 
 townships of these counties there was a large acreage, but the seed is said to be small and 
 shrunken, and the yield will be less than last year's. The crop in the western and central 
 townships of Elgin looked fairly well, but the heads appear to have been blighted, and the 
 yield will not be more than a tenth of last year's. In the eastern townships of the county, 
 as well as throughout Norfolk, the seed was almost completely destroyed by the clover 
 midge ; while in Haldimand and Welland it suffered from the combined eff'ects of drouth 
 and early frost. 
 
 LAKE HUBON COUNTIES. 
 
 The corn crop of the Lake Huron counties is practically confined to Lambton, very 
 little being grown either in Huron or Bruce. The weather was favourable for the ripening 
 of this crop, and it was gathered generally in a well-matured condition, but the yield was 
 considerably below the average. This may be set down to the prevalence of cold and 
 wfit during the earlier part of the season. One correspondent in Enniskillen (Lambton 
 county) remarks upon the influence which the nature of the soil exerts upon this crop, 
 and says that while on clay land corn is nearly a failure, on lighter soils it is up to the 
 average. Beans and buckwheat are little cultivated in this district. Clover seed in 
 
 *The Reports from which this digest has been prepared were made to the Bureau under date of 
 October 25. 
 
lU 
 
 Lambton was saved in fair condition, but there was not much of it. In Huron this crop 
 has been very disappointing. A number of correspondents remark that the clover when 
 cut was found to contain little or no seed in the head, and are at a loss to fix the cause. 
 The deficiency is probably explained by the fact mentioned by other farmers reporting to 
 the Bureau, that the heads of the clover were largely infested by a small maggot, evidently 
 the larva of the clover midge. In some cases clover intended for seed -purposes has been 
 cut to use as fodder, and in others it has been utilized as manure. Seed clover is not 
 extensively grown in Bruce, but the crop seems to have fared rather better than in the 
 last-named county, no mention being made of the midge. Beautiful fall weather prevailed 
 at date of the returns, and no general frosts had occurred up to that time, though here 
 and there local "nips" are recorded. No damage has been caused by storms, "the 
 elements," as one correspondent puts it, having " done nothing out of the ordinary." 
 
 GKOEGIAN BAY COUNTIES. 
 
 Corn and beans are not grown as field crops to any extent in the Georgian Bay 
 counties, and buckwheat is sown mainly for bee pasturage. Seed clover, where grown, is 
 invariably reported a failure, owing to the dry season, and many fields were pastured off, 
 not being considered worth the labour of harvesting and threshing. No damage to crops 
 from summer or autumn frosts has occurred, and the only injury from storms is to the 
 fruit, which has suffered from high winds. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 There is very little of either corn, beans or buckwheat grown throughout the West 
 Midland counties. In the southern portion of the district the corn that is grown, though 
 late, owing to the backward nature of the spring, has, from the fine weather of the fall, 
 turned out about an average crop. Clover is not grown so much for seed in this as in 
 other portions of the Province. Not only was there a general " heaving out " of the 
 clover last winter, but a" blight seemed to attack the remaining plants at the same time 
 as it did the fruit trees in the spring. The nature of this blight, which prevented the 
 clover from blossoming at all in many sections, is not very well understood. It was most 
 likely some of the many fungoid forms. The plants that were left were weaker than 
 usual, and therefore the more liable to it. In other cases the blossoming was retarded 
 until it was too late for ripening. Such cases should be sent to the laboratory at the 
 Agricultural College when noticed, that they may there be examined. Where the clover 
 has been cut for seed it has been found fairly good, but very little has been so cut 
 throughout this district. There has been a splendid catch of clover and timothy through- 
 out these counties this summer. No damage from frost or storms is reported, with the 
 exception of a slight damage to corn by the September storm. 
 
 LAKE ONTAKIO COUNTIES. 
 
 Throughout the county of Lincoln the condition of corn appears to have been as 
 varied as possible. One correspondent says with reference to it, " Corn light ;" another, 
 " Good ;" a third, " Corn matured better than was expected /' a fourth, " It was a failure 
 owing to the backward spring ;" a fifth, " Not extensively grown, and but half a crop, 
 having been injured by drought ■" and a sixth, " Very good." Of beans and buckwheat 
 there is little mention made. In consequence of the drought after cutting the first crop 
 clover seed is very scarce. The second crop " was harvested well, but has not been 
 threshed yet." One report says, " There is a small insect (in Louth) injuring clover seed 
 to a great extent." There was no frost in the county until the 15th of October, and it 
 did no harm, but rather " helped late corn very much." In Wentworth corn appears to 
 have been an average crop, with some extra fields. Beans were satisfactory, but were 
 harvested late. The midge had attacked the clover, which did not promise well. The 
 gale on the 14th September did some damage to corn, but no loss from frost was reported. 
 In Halton beans and buckwheat were good, but not much grown. Corn was not up to 
 the average. There had been no frost to date, and no severe storm. In Peel, where 
 
11 
 
 corn, beans and buckwheat are only grown for home use, they were " harvested in good 
 condition." Clover was heaved out in the spring, and " seed is very scarce." There had 
 been no damage from storms or frost. In York " corn was well filled and hard, but late;" 
 "buckwheat fair, but little sown," and " beans good, and all harvested in good condition." 
 There is no clover seed, the crop having been " light, and injured in the winter by frosts, 
 and in the summer by dry weather." In Ontario corn, buck^eat and beans were little 
 grown and below the average. Clover, throughout the season, suffered from drawbacks, 
 and as a consequence when the second crop was cut, " half of it," says one report, " was 
 in blossom and the balance dead ripe owing to drought." In Durham what corn, beans 
 and buckwheat were grown were' good, and some " very good, but late." To some extent 
 buckwheat was beaten down by the wind on the 14th of September. Seed clover is 
 "good and flourishing." Barley was "injured one or two grades by heavy rains in 
 August." In Northumberland corn and buckwheat were harvested in good condition. 
 Corn was " never better," or " the best for years." Beans were spoiled by drought, and 
 were very unequal. Clover was poor, and there is no seed. The new crop has " caught" 
 well. Frost was not noticed before the 19th of October. In Prince Edward corn and 
 beans were mostly good, and buckwheat excellent. Corn improved greatly as the season 
 wore on. There is little seed clover. In Lennox and Addington, " Corn was fair, but 
 ripened late," says one ; " Corn was below the average," says another ; " Corn was extra 
 good," says a third. The weather was splendid, and beans and buckwheat were quite 
 satisfactory. As a result of the winter, clover was a failure and " none has been cut," 
 says one report. No damage had been done by frost or storms. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE AND OTTAWA COUNTIES. 
 
 Though the aggregate acreage of corn grown in the eastern end of the Province is not 
 very large, it seems to be generally cultivated on a small scale in most of the counties 
 . embraced in the ,St. Lawrence and Ottawa group. Owing to the cold, backward weather 
 which prevailed in May and June, corn was left in poor condition to profit by the suc- 
 ceeding dry weather, and in many instances the fall frosts and rains caught it in a state 
 of softness and immaturity, resulting in a crop inferior both in quantity and sample. In 
 some cases, however — most of them in Leeds and Lanark — correspondents report that 
 during the fine weather of September and early October it made an unexpectedly good 
 recovery, and that a fair crop was harvested, especially in fields which were planted early. 
 These cases are, however, exceptional, and the yield throughout the district generally falls 
 considerably below an average. Beans are more largely grown as a field crop in this 
 than in any other part of the Province, excepting those counties which border on Lake 
 Erie, and the reports Ihow that an annually increasing acreage is being devoted tq their 
 growth. With few exceptions the yield this season has been large, though in some few 
 cases spring and fall frosts and rains in harvest combined to produce a partial failure. 
 More buckwheat is grown in these counties than in all the rest of the Province, and lovers 
 of the toothsome slap-jack will be glad to know that the buckwheat crop this year is a 
 large one, correspondents variously reporting it as " fair," " very good," " best for years," 
 and " extra good"— mostly the last. A few fields were somewhat damaged by wet weather 
 in harvest, and an occasional late sown field by frost,, but the season's product will be 
 large and of good quality. Clover is scarcely ever grown for seed in this district, and 
 this year it proved a failure in the few cases in which it was tried, the plants never having 
 recovered from the frost-heaving from which they suffered, in winter. No damage by 
 frost or storm was done any of the above crops, other than has already been referred to. 
 
 EAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. | ' ■ '" <i 
 
 The East Midland counties produce very little of corn, beans or buckwheat. 
 Throughout the northern portion corn will scarcely mature. In the more southern parts 
 it was brokfen down to a considerable extent by the storm at the middle of September. 
 Upon the whole it has turned out better than was expected at one time. Early beans 
 are good ; those which were late sown have not done so well ; but, except as a garden 
 
12 
 
 crop, they are not much grown. The same remark as to early and late sowing applies to 
 the buckwheat ; the late sown was considerably damaged by the copious August rains. 
 Not much clover seed is raised at any time throughout this district, but owing to the 
 severe frosts of last spring, which threw out the clover, the crop of seed is this year 
 smaller than ever. 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 Corn is only grown as a garden crop in the Muskoka and Parry Sound districts, and 
 that to a limited extent. Clover, where reserved for a crop of seed, was promising. No 
 injury from frosts or storms is reported, and garden stuff generally never was a better 
 crop. 
 
 POTATOES, TURNIPS AND OTHER FIELD ROOTS. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 Turnips, mangolds and carrots are not so largely grown in the Lake Erie counties 
 as in some other sections of Ontario, the reason being, as stated by a Keijit correspondent, 
 that I' Corn is used in place of them for feeding stock, and considering the amount of 
 feed in the straw as well as the grain it is, we think, the best feed we can raise." This, 
 however, is mainly true of the western counties. In Haldimand and Welland, where 
 comparatively little corn is grown, the season was unfavourable for the growth of roots, 
 and a light crop accompanied a short acreage. This remark applies to potatoes as well 
 as to the coarser field roots, and the few good crops reported were produced on loamy or 
 reclaimed swamp lands. In the western counties all kinds of roots were fairly good, 
 both in quantity and quality. Turnips were still growing finely at the date of the 
 returns (October 25), but the great bulk of potatoes had been taken up and secured for 
 the winter. The rot, which threatened to be widespread after the August rains, does 
 not appear to have done much harm, having been checked by the drought. Nearly all the 
 reports, however, notice its presence, and in the township of Yarmouth (Elgin) it is 
 stated that from one-fifth to one-third of the crop has been destroyed. In Kent and 
 Essex there is a large surplus for the markets, and the quality is generally reported as 
 excellent. The White Elephant is said to be a growing favourite. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 The root crop m Lambton is under the average in size and quantity, but the quality 
 IS reported good. Potatoes suffered from spring rains. In Huron and Bruce potatoes 
 and turnips, as well as all other roots, are satisfactory both in yield and condition with 
 the exception perhaps of potatoes in several of the central townships of the latter county, 
 where this crop for some reason not given is a comparative failure. Mr A McD Allan 
 reporting for the townships of Goderich, Colborne and Ashfield, in the county of Huron' 
 says : "Roots are a remarkably good crop, not so large-sized as last year generally, but 
 an evener crop. More seed has been put in, and the land has been well worked and 
 cleaned everywhere." A correspondent in the Indian Peninsula (Bruce county) remarks 
 that where Pans green was used in time the potato crop is fair, but where picking was 
 depended upon the bug came off victorious, and left only about one-fourth of a crop 
 J-here never was such a tine show of roots at our agricultural exhibitions." In all three 
 counties potatoes have been very generally lifted, and secured in pits and cellars for the 
 winter, but other roots are still principally in the ground. Mangolds were beginning to 
 be taken up when returns were sent in, but carrots and turnips were still growing and 
 m most cases undisturbed. Very little rot has appeared among potatoes in this section, 
 but from the frequency with which it is mentioned it would seem that it is present 
 though to a very limited extent, m almost all parts of the district. 
 
13 
 
 GEORGIAN BAY COUNTIES. 
 
 In the counties of Grey and Simcoe roots of all kinds have been seriously affected 
 by the dryness of the season, and they are everywhere reported defficient in yield. 
 Potatoes are usually about half a crop, but the tubers, though small, are sound and of 
 good quality. Turnips in many cases failed to grow, and where a fair crop has been 
 secured it has only been under exceptionally favourable local conditions. Mangolds are 
 very little grown. Potatoes have all been taken up and secured for the winter, but 
 turnips are still in the ground. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 The root crop throughout the whole of the West Midland counties has been secured 
 in excellent condition. The fears of extensive rot in the potato crop at one time enter- 
 tained have been dispelled by the fine weather of the fall. Where they were put in in land 
 which was naturally wet, or on very heavy clay, the rot has been pretty hard upon them, 
 but in general it does not cover more than one per cent, in this group of counties. In 
 Dufferin the percentage has run up to five ; but this is doubtless owing to the elevation 
 of the land and the stiffness of the soil in the townships of that county. In quantity 
 and quality the crop is scarcely up to an average. The majority of our correspondents 
 report that the average will run from 120 to 150 bushels per acre. The crop has been 
 secured in fine condition, so that a smaller percentage will in all probability be found 
 rotted in the root-houses and at the opening of the pits than is usually the case. Man- 
 golds are becoming steadily a more popular crop. They have done well this year, and 
 are housed in good order. Carrots are also a good crop, and have been gathered in in fine 
 condition. The turnip crop is an exceptionally fine one, and has been secured in magnifi- 
 cent condition. At the early part of the season fears were pretty generally entertained 
 of the success of the crop in consequence of the ravages of the fly, and the long con- 
 tinuance of drought immediately after sowing. Indeed through the northern portion of 
 this group, especially in Dufferin, very many fields were ploughed up and almost all 
 sowed a second time. In consequence of these agencies the plants came up very unevenly, 
 and for a long time they were very backward. But the rains during the month of 
 August and the cool nights throughout the latter part of the summer and the whole of 
 the fall have been very favourable to their growth, and the crop throughout the whole of 
 this group of counties is a good one. The bulbs are in many cases exceptionally large. 
 Turnip growing varies considerably in amount throughout the district, being by far the 
 greatest in Wellington and Waterloo, where the practice of feeding cattle is the most 
 largely prevalent. The extent of land under turnip cultivation in those two counties 
 may be judged by the statement of one of our correspondents in Eramosa township, 
 who says : " I think nearly five per cent, of all the cleared land in the township is 
 under turnips." Through Perth, Middlesex and Oxford dairy farming is carried on to 
 a great extent, and as a consequence turnip cultivation is not found to so great an 
 extent as in the two first mentioned. The majority of our correspondents agree in 
 placing the averages per acre at about 800 for mangold warzels, 500 for carrots, and 600 
 for turnips. As examples of the reports on this subject we append a few. One esteemed 
 correspondent from Guelph township, in Wellington, says : " Potatoes are here a full 
 average crop. There are very few or no complaints of rot. Turnips and other roots are 
 a very heavy crop. I may state that in a few cases the turnip crop was injured in the 
 early part of the season by the fly, but owing to the favourable season the crop upon 
 the whole is larger than it has been for many years." Another in the same county 
 says: "From some cause potatoes appear to be a very unequal crop; a good many 
 farmers tell you that they never had better crops, and many more complain that they 
 never had poorer. Turnips were a good crop, and have been taken up well. They were 
 badly checked by the fly at the start, but have more than made up >vhat was then lost." 
 Still another in Oxford county says : " All root crops are in as good condition as they 
 have been for years. Judging from the number and quality at our fair, just over, they 
 are better. The rot in the potatoes has principally been on clay land, and is of no 
 great extent." 
 
14 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO COUNTIES. 
 
 One report from the township of Grantham (Lincoln) says : " Potatoes, with few 
 exceptions, are a light crop. Some very early species were good, and some also that were 
 planted late— Late Rose for instance. 'Few have commenced to dig yet. Very little rot. 
 Turnips are very fine, but only a smaU area was sown. The same may be said for other 
 roots. Very little of the crop has been harvested yet, as the weather is so fine. If we 
 had had more rain the roots would have been much more than an average." The excep- 
 tions to the above general statement given by other reports are these : " No potatoes were 
 injured by rot." " Potatoes and all root crops are poor this fall." " Potatoes are about 
 all dug." " Potatoes were damaged one-half by the bug." " Turnips and other roots 
 are below average— cause, drought." "In Wentworth," says one report, " potatoes are very 
 good and well secured." Another states that " Potatoes are in middling condition and 
 few are rotten." Turnips, mangolds' and carrots are still standing. In Halton potatoes 
 were taken up in splendid condition^ with no appearance of rot. Other roots will stand 
 another week or ten days. Another report says, " Potatoes are not a heavy crop, but of 
 good quality." One report from Peel states that " Potatoes are, as a rule, a light crop 
 and have been harvested in good condition. Owing to the low price they will generally 
 be pitted. Turnips and mangolds are of good quality, and in another week will be har- 
 vested." A second report says that while " Potatoes did not look well through the season 
 they have turned out fairly well— much better than was expected ; in low, undrained land 
 some have rotted — in a few cases badly." The reports from York are various. One from 
 North York says : " Potatoes are about an average ; those planted late yielded well, whire 
 the early varieties failed from lack of rain. I have heard of no rot." Another farmer 
 from Etobicoke states that potatoes on sandy loam or rich sand soil are good, but very 
 poor on heavy soife, and he adds that the land was never in better condition than now for 
 taking up the crop. ^Jl are busy securing for the winter. Turnips, carrots, mangolds 
 and parsnips are good. A third farmer from Markham says that "Potatoes are an 
 average crop and in splendid condition; mangolds and carrots are very good, though 
 turnips are not an average. Most of the potatoes are dug and pitted in the fields before 
 removal to cellars. A number of farmers here winter their potatoes in pits, believing 
 they are better for table use than if kept in cellars. There are no signs of potato rot." 
 A fourth correspondent, from Whitchurch, says : " Potatoes are a very fine crop. There 
 is no rot ; the bug was the only trouble. My practice is to plant one acre near the barn ; 
 keep a trough of milk in the patch and thirty fowls will keep the plants free from bugs. 
 My advice is, keep fowls in proportion to the quantity of potatoes set, and discard Paris 
 green. I planted a few rows of small s^ed grown from small potatoes ; two years run 
 them out — result, not worth harvesting." A fifth report, from the township of York, 
 says : " Potatoes are very good, but light ; the crop is nearly aU up and stored. There is 
 very little rot as far as I can learn — -only about one in twenty bushels of mine ; but one 
 of my neighbours, who had five acres on black bottom land, underdrained too, and a very 
 great crop of large potatoes they were, but nearly one-half rotten. Mangolds are very 
 fine this year." In Ontario potatoes seem generally to have been below the average in 
 yield. One report from Scott says : " Potatoes are in good condition ; there is no rot. 
 Those planted about the middle of June and later were a good crop, as they received the 
 benefit of the August rains ; those planted from the first to the middle of May on high 
 ground were very small and scarcely worth the digging, the tops having died before the 
 rains came on." The other crops appear to be in fair condition. A report from Durham 
 says : " The condition of potatoes, turnips and other roots is good ; carrots and mangolds 
 have been mostly taken up ; there is no rot in potatoes." A northern farmer writes : 
 " Potatoes are good in quality, but rather a light crop ; they are all taken up ; mangolds, 
 turnips and carrots are a fair crop. No rot." One report from Prince Edward, as in 
 the above instance, will do for the county. It say? : " There is a wide range in the yield 
 of potatoes ; those which were early planted were almost a failure, but late ones were 
 fairly good. Principally early ones were planted, consequently there is a short crop. 
 There has been no rot. The other roots are not much grown." The same report will do 
 justice to Lennox and Addington. 
 
15 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE AND OTTAWA COUNTIES. 
 
 Potatoes are not more than half a crop in these counties, owing principally to the 
 rotj though in some isolated instances the disease was anticipated by the ravages of the 
 Colorado beetle, and in others by a blight which seized the tops about midseason and 
 checked the growth of the tubers. Nearly every correspondent reports the presence of 
 the rot to a greater or less extent, though its effects are reported to be very slight in some 
 localities, and are in all cases more severe in certain soils and upon certain varieties of the 
 plant. Potatoes planted upon low and clayey soils have as usual suffered most severely, 
 and as to varieties, those which may be described as the softer kinds have succumbed most 
 readily to the disease. A correspondent in Winchester, Dundas county, sums up the 
 matter by saying, " Early Rose, Snowflake and other soft varieties have nearly one-half 
 rotted on heavy lands." Another correspondent in Horton, Renfrew county, also mentions 
 the Early Rose as exhibiting peculiar liability to- the rot. The counties of Renfrew, 
 Carleton and Frontenac appear to have suffered less from the disease than the other coun- 
 ties of the group. A few correspondents mention that potatoes in high lands have been 
 attacked by rust, and tha^ they are " small and few to the hill " in consequence. The 
 weather has been exceptionally favourable for securing the crop, and it has therefore been 
 stored in the best condition possible under the circumstances. Turnips and other roots 
 are not much raised in the district, but generally speaking they appear to be a fair crop — ■ 
 mangolds and carrots probably slightly above an average. They have mostly been secured 
 for the winter, and in good condition. 
 
 BAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 The root crop throughout the East Midland counties has been housed in fine order. 
 The quantity will not compare favourably with some other sections, where from five to 
 ten per cent, of the cleared land is under roots, but yet it is very fair. Potatoes have 
 been on the whole below an average through the whole district. All the correspondents 
 agree in this except a few in Hastings county. The size has been deficient, however, all 
 over, and many put the yield at fifteen per cent, less than usual. The rot has been trouble- 
 some on heavy soils, but as only a small proportion of this group is noted for heavy clay 
 the ravages of the disease have nOt been extensive. The late planted have turned out 
 better upon the whole than the earlier. Mangolds are gradually finding their way as an 
 ally on the side of turnips, and our reports from this part speaks in high terms of the 
 way in which they stood what is called a dry summer. Indeed the quantity of rainfall 
 has been less over these counties than in many others. Carrots, too, have turned out a 
 good crop. The turnip crop has surprised every one at the rapidity with which it has 
 picked up this fall. Through the eastern part of the district there are complaints of 
 these roots being small and below an average crop. The, western, however, shows fully 
 an average yield, but many of the correspondents complain of the small amount of land 
 put under this crop. A great deal depends upon the quantity of stock kept to the acre. 
 As this is increased the acreage under roots will increase with it. 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 Throughout the Muskoka and Parry Sound districts the potatoes are everywhere 
 reported excellent. The only drawback to this crop is the presence of rot, to a limited 
 extent, in low places and on heavy clay soils. Turnips and carrots are also an abundant 
 crop. Potatoes have all been secured, and the taking up of other roots was in progress. 
 
 FRUIT TREES AND THE FRUIT CROP. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 The Lake Erie counties have always been regarded as the best fruit-growing dis- 
 trict of Ontario, but this year both fruit trees and fruit have sustained a great reverse. 
 
16 
 
 The blossoming season was one of unusual promise, but along with it came cold rains, a 
 long, chilling blow from the east, and occasional night frosts, the effects of which were 
 soon visible in the dropping of the young fruit and a blight that seemed to threaten the 
 life of the trees. The greatest injury was done in the section of country eastward 
 of Ridgetown, in Kent, and the apple tree was the chief sufferer. But even in this dis- 
 trict orchards within two or three miles of the lake shore were, in a measure, safe, and 
 the produce will nearly suffice for home consumption. In the southern townships of 
 Kent and Essex, especially near the lake shore, there is a considerable surplus, — some 
 8,000 barrels having been already shipped from the former county. In the valley of the 
 Thames, and especially on the northern side of the river, fruit is scarce and trees have 
 only partially recovered from the effects of the blight. In Essex the trees are healthy, 
 and the only loss complained of is that of fruit. Apples are selling in the southern 
 townships at 1 1.80 to $2.00 per barrel. Near the lake shore in Elgin there is about 
 one-quarter of an average crop, chiefly Baldwins and Russets, and the small surplus is 
 selling at $2.25 per barrel in the orchards. In Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland there 
 is not mor^ than half enough for home donsumption, and the average price is $3.00 per 
 barrel. The borer has been actively at work in Elgin and Welland, and the codling 
 moth everywhere — the apples being very wormy. The worst effects of the gale of Sep- 
 tember 14th were confined to the county bf Welland, were two-thirds of the apples were 
 blown down. In the western counties it was comparatively harmless. There has been 
 a fair supply of peaches in Essex and Kent, but none at all in the four eastern counties, 
 a local ice-storm having destroyed the fruit-buds last winter. Pears and quinces were 
 plentiful, and in Norfolk and some portions of Haldimand there was a fair average crop 
 of plums. In the western counties grapes were a good crop, but in the eastern counties 
 they are scarce, owing to the ravages of the rose-bug. An Essex correspondent says 
 that " a large part of the crop will not be shipped, as the growers are making wine this 
 season." Small fruit appears to have been plentiful in all these counties. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 Fruit trees in the Lake Huron counties are recovering, though slowly, from the 
 effects of the blight with which they were everywhere smitten last spring, and are now 
 assuming a healthier appearance. The very general failure of the fruit crop in this dis- 
 trict is attributed largely to this blight, supplemented as it was by spring frosts and 
 heavy winds. Considerable damage was done by the latter, particularly by the gale bf 
 the 14th of September, which some correspondents estimate to have blown off about one- 
 third of the entire crop of apples. This was not, however, as is pointed out, altogether 
 a loss, as most of the apples blown off were wormy, and were picked up and made use of 
 in the household. Drought had also an injurious effect upon the apple crop. Some 
 varieties of apples appear to have been injured much less than others, the Golden Rus- 
 set, Seek-no-further, Duchess, Northern Spy and Baldwin being mentioned as having 
 escaped with comparative impunity. Apples of the Russet and kindred varieties seem to 
 have best withstood the combined attack of blight, storms, frost and drought. Insects 
 have been active, especially the codling-moth, and as a consequence, a large proportion 
 of the apples are wormy. Pears and cherries are reported plentiful in Lambton. Tak- 
 ing the district as a whole, the supply of fruit is not more than sufficient for home con- 
 sumption, some localities even reporting less than this. A few of the townships in 
 Huron county are the only places where a surplus of apples exists, one dealer in Goder- 
 ich estimating it at about 9000 barrels. This gentleman says : "The storm of 14th Sep- 
 tember took off nearly all the wormy apples, hence our export apples are extra fine and 
 clean." This statement is not, however, borne out by a farmer of large experience in the 
 township of Stanley, in the same county, who says there will be " but little for export, 
 and that not of a first-rate quality, consisting chiefly of the Northern Spy, Baldwin and 
 Russet varieties." " Apples," says a Turnberry correspondent, "are being sold for ship- 
 ping purposes for $1.50 per barrel." There is no surplus of any other kind of fruit. 
 Concerning the failure of fruit this year, our Goderich correspondent believes it is owing 
 to the fact that the summer of 1881 was exceedingly hot and dry, ripening the wood too 
 
17 
 
 early and not allowing fruit-buds long enough to come to a naturaj^ maturity and thus 
 leaving them weak, and the late spring frosts nipped them. Had they been strong, he 
 remarks, the frost was not strong enough to injure them. 
 
 aEOROlAN BAY COUNTlBSi 
 
 In the Georgian Bay counties, where fruit-growing is extensively carried on, the 
 trees are generally recovering from the blight with which they were attacked in the 
 spring, and are gradually regaining their accustomed vigour. Only a few trees have 
 died outright from blight, but very little growth of wood has ,,been made during the sea- 
 son. The plum and pear orchards of the county of Grey,- which are famed for the 
 quality and flavour of their fruit, have been most seriously affected in yield by the blight, 
 and shipments have been light in consequence. The reports of the apple crop, however, 
 are much more favourable. Throughout the county of Grey, and particularly in the 
 shore townships, shipments of fall apples have been made in considerable quantities^ 
 and there will be a large surplus of winter varieties of good quality for export. The cod- 
 ling-worm is the only insect enemy which has made its appearance in this district, and 
 its attacks have been confined to a few localities. Little trouble is experienced from 
 this insect, where there is a combined effort among apple-growers to keep it in check by 
 destroying infested fruit and trapping the larva as it seeks for a hiding-place in which to 
 change into the chrysalis state; if allowed to escape and multiply it becomes very de- 
 structive. The gale of September 14th blew down large quantities of apples; in some 
 cases it is estimated that 25 per cent, of the earlier varieties were thus prematurely 
 shaken off. The apple is the only fruit of which there will be a surplus in this district. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland counties the principal fruit crop is the apple. It has 
 this year been a total failure. The reason assigned is invariably the same — the blight 
 that affected the apple trees at the time of blossoming. The cause for that blight is. how- 
 ever almost entirely unknown. Many theories are advanced by our correspondents. Some 
 blame the winter, some the wet weather in the spring, others the frost at the time of 
 blossoming, and others the east wind. One correspondent in Wellington says : " My idea, 
 of the matter is that it is owing to the cold frost of a hard winter." Another correspon- 
 dent in Eramosa township, of the same county, says : " The trees had been injured by the 
 severe and hard winters of 1880 and 1881. About the time they came into bldssom they 
 were attacked by a species of plant louse which principally affected the young leaves and! 
 blossoms." A careful correspondent from East Williams township, in Middlesex county,, 
 gives his reasons thus : " When the fruit trees were in full blossom there was frost for 
 nearly a week every night in succession, which I believe to be the cause of the failure of 
 fruit." Another says : " Some attribute it to the caterpillar ravages of a few years ago."' 
 A correspondent in North Dumfries township, who has given some attention to fruit,, 
 says : " The failure was caused by the state of the atmosphere at the time the fruit 
 was setting. I think it was electricity that affected both leaves and blossoms." From a 
 careful perusal of all the theories adduced, we must agree with an esteemed correspon- 
 dent from Guelph township, Wellington county, who says : " I have travelled a good deal 
 through adjoining counties, and whilst doing so I made careful enquiry from many intelli- 
 gent farmers and fruit growers, but though I heard a great many theories there were none 
 who seemed to be able to speak with certainty." We may here again remark, in passing, 
 that it seems a wise thing to send affected parts in such a case at once to the laboratory 
 of the Agricultural College to be examined chemically and by the microscope. The 
 varieties that were less affected than others, our correspondents agree in saying, were the 
 Duchess of Oldenburg and the Golden Kusset. Even yet the trees are not thrifty, and 
 all summer the leaves presented a shrivelled and scorched appearance. The apples that 
 were left throughout the whole of the counties forming this group were affected to a 
 greater or less extent with the codling worm. The gale of the 14th September took 
 fully one-half of the scanty crop from the trees, except in Perth and part of Waterloo 
 
 2 
 
1» 
 
 counties where its efiect was not so severe. All our correspondents agree in saying that 
 there is scarcely a sufficient quantity of apples for home consumption, and therefore there 
 will be no surplus for export. Throughout this district there may be a few pears for sale 
 beyond what is needed for home use, but that is the only fruit. The report of next spring 
 will be anxiously looked for by those interested in fruit growing to see whether the 
 injured trees have recovered or not. 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO COUNTIES. 
 
 Two reports upon the condition of fruit trees and the cause of the failure of fruit 
 in Lincoln will answer for the county. One from Grantham says : " On the whole, fruit 
 trees look well ; there is very little blight on the pear, etc. In spring, the trees bloomed 
 most luxuriantly, but a cold east rain storm came, with a little frost and, except in shelt- 
 ered places, washed the pollen out of the apple and peach blooms — and both crops were 
 very light. Pears, plums and berries were very good, leaving a surplus for export, but 
 only a few farmers will have apples enough even for their own use." The other report 
 comes from Louth, and says : "The condition of fruit trees is extra good. We attribute 
 the failure of fruit, to the chilling north-easterly wind that prevailed for several days, 
 while the trees were in bloom. The loss of apples by insects is estimated at 30 per 
 cent., and the supply of fruit is not sufficient for local consumption, except of grapes and 
 peaches, which have been shipped to Montreal and elsewhere." A third report says : 
 " There has been no loss by insects, frost or gale, as there was no fruit to be injured ; 
 plums was the best crop, but there was no surplus." The conditions just mentioned 
 were nearly the same as those experienced in Wentworth, but a couple of extracts from 
 reports from that county may be given. One from Ancaster states that "the fruit 
 trees are not in -good condition, as they have not recovered from the blight of last spring ; 
 foliage up to the middle of June looked scorched by frost, and cold winds at the time of 
 blooming and the ravages later on of insects destroyed the apple crop." A well-known 
 grape grower at Hamilton reports : " Fruit trees are in a good, healthy condition ; 
 apples are a small crop ; of peaches there are none ; of plums and pears there was a large 
 crop; grapes were a good crop, but too late to ripen properly." One report from Hal ton 
 will do for the county. It says : " Fruit trees are in a thrifty condition ; the absence of 
 fruit is attributed to the blight when trees were in bloom ; insects were not so bad as 
 last year ; one-third of the apples were blown off on the 14th of September, but there is 
 sufficient of that fruit for home use." Peel not only suffered from the evil conditions 
 already enumerated, but in addition to them, according to one authority, " apples and pears 
 were greatly destroyed by the codling moth," which will " not be eradicated until all 
 the farmers combine, as in northern Michigan, for that purpose." One farmer says ; 
 " The storm of the 14th of September blew off three-quarters of the apple crop ; tho' it's 
 a question if the fruit vould have been of keeping quality if it had remained longer on 
 the trees, as the fallen apples appeared to be all diseased." Most of the reports agree that 
 there is sufficient fruit for home consumption, ^hile a few speak of a surplus for sale, but 
 one from Chinguacousy adds the unusual statement that " our fruit buyer at Brampton 
 is shipping thousands of barrels of winter fruit." Cherry and plum trees, so it is repre- 
 sented, suffered severely from "black knot." The reports from York vary from the 
 foregoing only in detail. The failure of fruit, according to one correspondent, was 
 largely due to the spring frosts already mentioned, and the famous storm of the 14th of 
 September, which played havoc with the best fruit in many orchards, from one-half to 
 ithree-quarters of the apples being blown down. As a result of this storm the Toronto 
 market was flooded for days with scores of waggon loads of choice apples, for which the 
 saddened owners were glad to take from one dollar to one dollar and a quarter a barrel. 
 The -apples had to be sold, for, being bruised, they would not keep. A Whitchurch 
 ■farmer in speaking of this adds that " most of the apples were sufficiently matured for 
 cider, and answered very well for apple butter." Some of the reports are worth quoting. 
 Says a Markham farmer : " The fruit trees are in a thriving condition and I am not able 
 to give the cause of the failure of the crop of apples. The loss by insects is estimated 
 AS follows : Apples, 10 per cent. ; cherries (if you call " black knot " an insect), 80 per 
 
19 
 
 «ent. ; pears, 20 per cent. The loss due to the gale was, of apples and pears, 20 per cent. 
 Of pears and apples only will there be a surplus." Another Markham authority says : 
 " The cherry trees are all cut down, having been destroyed by the 'black knot.' There were 
 very few plums of any kind, and they were stung by insects." Nearly all the reports 
 agree in stating that while there are apples enough in the county of York for home con- 
 sumption there is no surplus. As this was the ofi year in many orchards throughout the 
 Lake Ontario counties a very much more satisfactory yield is anticipated for next sea- 
 son. The reports from Ontario and Durham are very similar to those from York. A 
 correspondent in Seymour (Northumberland) refers to the ravages of the apple worm. 
 Another in the township of Hamilton says that considerable quantities of apples are 
 being shipped to England. A third, from Haldimand, states that some trees have been 
 injured by the borer, but more by frost, especially where exposed to the north-west winds. 
 " Orchards," he adds, " should be protected by belts of evergreens or shrubbery." The 
 county of Northumberland is an exception to all others in having a surplus of apples. 
 In Prince Edward the ravages of the apple worm were very extensive. One report, in 
 speaking of the injuries sustained from insects and weather, adds that " over half of the 
 apple crop was damaged, and disposed of to evaporating companies." There is, however, 
 a large surplus of apples and pears in the county. The reports from Lennox and Adding- 
 ton add little to the stock of information. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE AND OTTAWA COUNTIES. 
 
 Apples, which are almost the only orchard fruit grown in these counties, escaped the 
 blight that proved so generally destructive in the western part of the Province and the 
 <!rop has been a full average, though in some limited localities the fruit is reported to be 
 small, spotted or wormy. There appears to have been almost an entire immunity from 
 ordinary insect pests ; and though a large quantity of fruit was blown down by the gale 
 of the 14th of September, the loss sustained thereby was by no means proportionate to 
 the apparent destruction. Much of the fruit thus prematurely harvested was worm-eaten 
 and otherwise inferior, and most of what was not entirely useless from these causes was 
 utilized in various ways for domestic consumption. Another set-off to the disaster is 
 mentioned by an observant correspondent in Kingston township, Frontenac county, who 
 says : "Large quantities were blown off on the 14th of September, but what were left on 
 the trees grew almost enough more to make up the loss, and are entirely free from worms." 
 Another correspondent says : "About one-third of the apple crop was blown off the trees 
 in exposed situations, but mostly the injured fruit, leaving a nice sample on the trees." 
 This gale, which for good reasons is likely long to be remembered in Canada, was by no 
 means general throughout the district, and in some parts was much less violent, and 
 ■consequently less destructive, than in others. Two or three correspondents mention that 
 apple trees were blown down by the gale, but the aggregate loss does not appear to have 
 been very great. In the few instances in which the apple crop is mentioned as a partial 
 failure the cause assigned is usually the cold and backward spring, accompanied by frosts 
 and cold east winds. Heavy frost last winter, and exposure on account of insufficient 
 snow for protection, are mentioned by one correspondent in frontenac as causing a light 
 crop. Another correspondent in the same county says that " probably five per cent, of 
 the apples in this locality are injured by the codling worm." Blight is mentioned by one 
 observer in Renfrew county as having done slight damage; and another correspondent in 
 Lansdowne Rear, Leeds county, avers that " a good many fruit trees are dying off, caused 
 by a kind of grub working at the roots." The great majority of those correspondents 
 who refer to the question of supply and demand report that there are "enough apples for 
 home consumption, but no surplus;" but these reports must be taken in conjunction with 
 the fact — not so clearly apparent — that they generally apply only to limited areas in 
 each case, and that over considerable portions of the district apple culture is almost 
 unknown. Happily the area under apple orchard is yearly increasing, and even in the 
 least favourable parts of the district there appears to be no insuperable barrier to the 
 production of the hardier sorts in sufficient quantities to supply the local demand at least. 
 Crab apples, it should be mentioned, are extensively grown throughout the district, and 
 
20 
 
 are a large crop this year. Plums are only mentioned by a few correspondents, and in 
 nearly every case they are said to be a failure. The curculio and mildew are credited 
 with the failure in cases in whic^ any cause is assigned. Grape culture is carried on to 
 a limited extent, but rather unsuccessfully this y«ar, the fruit having failed to mature on 
 account of frost. The reports as to small fruits, such as currants and raspberries, are 
 very meagre, but they indicate if anything a scant crop, owing chiefly to the ravages of 
 the currant worm. 
 
 EAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 The blight which was so destructive on the fruit throughout central and western 
 Ontario was scarcely felt at all over the East Midland counties. They are not as a rule, 
 however, a fruit growing region. The principal fruits are plums and apples. The former 
 have proved almost a total failure — the curculio stripping the trees in most instances of 
 the few remaining plums on them. The apple crop has been pretty good. As has been 
 said, only here and there was there any appearance of the blight. The codling moth has 
 been working its usual ravages. The storm of the 14th September worked havoc amongst 
 the apple trees, and was unusually severe through this group of counties. Of course the 
 proportion absolutely wasted would, not be so great, but the majority of our correspon- 
 dents place it at about one-third. One much esteemed correspondent in Victoria county 
 counts that, taking all things into consideration, the loss will not amount to more than 
 ten per cent. Another correspondent, who has gone pretty well over the same county, 
 speaks of his observation and experience as follows : "Fruit trees are generally in good 
 condition. The only exceptions are a few trees that have been injured by a fungoid 
 growth on the leaves. The codling moth has been unusually destructive this season. 
 Many orchards have, however, been kept comparatively free from this pest by the timely 
 use of Paris green and air-slacked lime. The storm of the lith September was very 
 severe, blowing down about one-third the crop. In many cases, however, the trees had 
 been too heavily laden. We have more apples than are needed for the fall supply, but 
 not enough to supply the demand. There will be no surplus from this district for export." 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 In the northern districts orchard planting has only been introduced to a limited 
 extent as yet, settlers preferring to defer setting out trees till they have a larger area of 
 cleared land at their disposal. Where the hardy varieties of apples have been planted 
 and given prdinary care they have succeeded well, and are in a healthy condition. A 
 correspondent at Sault Ste. Marie, in the Algoma district, says : " The best crops of apples 
 raised here are from the Duchess of Oldenburg, Tetofsky, and a splendid new kind from 
 seedlings raised by a farmer near the Sault." All the hardy small fruits do well, and 
 grapes are successfully grown. The supply of apples is not sufficient for home consumption. 
 
 THE- NEW CROP OF FALL WHEAT. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 The breadth of fall wheat sown in the Lake Erie counties is greater or less, compared 
 with the harvested crop, according to the character of the soil. In sandy, gravelly and 
 loamy districts, as in the south of Essex, the east of Kent, and the greater portion of Nor- 
 folk, a larger area has been sown than last year ; but in the low-lying and heavier lands 
 of Welland, Haldimand, Western Kent and Northern Essex less has been sown. The 
 general result appears to be an increase of acreage in Norfolk, a decrease in Kent, Haldi- 
 mand and Welland, and about the same acreage in Essex and Elgin. The late harvest 
 made late seeding, and few fallows were in good condition. The heavy rains of August 
 and the season of drouth that followed were both unfavourable. The lighter soils were 
 dry, and the heavier, where they could be ploughed at all, were hard and lumpy, though 
 
21 
 
 tolerably well prepared by rolling and harrowing. As a consequence the seed made a 
 poor start, and, in spite of occasional showers and fine weather, much of it is yet uneven 
 and backward. Still the plant looks healthy, and hopes are expressed that, with the 
 rains of the second week of October and a continuance of warm, sunshiny weather, it will 
 make good growth before the setting in of winter. It has already a heavy top where, on 
 lively or well-drained soils, it was sown early. Some fields were sown as late as the i20th 
 of October. The Hessian fly does not appear to have done any injury worth noting ; the 
 worst reports come from Haldimand, where several fields have been destroyed. The wire- 
 worm has done some mischief in Welland and Elgin, and the white grub on light, sandy 
 soils in Kent. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 In the county of Lambton less fall wheat has been sown this year than last, owing 
 ■chiefly, if not altogether, to the unfavourable condition of the ground at seeding-time, 
 <!aused by the heavy rains and subsequent heat of August and September. In Bruce, 
 ■on the other hand, where ploughing and harrowing were not siich a laborious operation, 
 the acreage would appear to be in excess of this year's crop, while in Huron there is little 
 perceptible diflference. The proportion of land sown in fall wheat last year to the number 
 of acres cleared in this district was as one in five, and the likelihood is that a similar breadth 
 has been sown this season. Correspondents from Lambton are unanimous in saying that 
 the ground at seeding-time was in a very unsatisfactory condition, being extremely hard 
 ■and dry. In Huron and Bruce the land was in somewhat better order, summer fallows 
 as a rule being moist and mellow, but pea land, sod, and stubble were stiff and lumpy in 
 working, and it was a difficult matter to get such ground into anything like good con- 
 dition for the reception of the seed. Late sowing was the rule, owing to the delayed harvest 
 ^nd the increased amount of work necessary in preparing the ground, and in consequence 
 the young wheat is short for the time of year, and more or less backward in appearance. 
 "Want of stimulating rains has also retarded its growth. On the whole, however, the 
 plant, though still feeble, is healthy looking, and promises well, especially on f-allows and 
 where sown early. Very late sown grain and that on stubble or heavy soils is generally 
 "" patchy " and uneven, though recent showers in parts have invigorated it considerably. 
 Hidden as are the depredations of the Hessian fly at this period, little or no injury has 
 been noticed from this cause, but it is not likely that the operations of this pest are more 
 than usually extensive. One farmer in Greenock (Bruce county) reports that a 
 neighbour complains of damage done by what he thinks is the wire-worm. 
 
 GEORGIAN BAY COUNTIES. 
 
 Reports from the counties of Grey and Simcoe Show that, in nearly every district, a 
 larger area than usual of fall wheat has been sown for next year's harvest. This feature 
 is most marked in Simcoe, where fall wheat is very generally grown. The township 
 reports from this county variously estimate the increased acreage at from ten to fifty per 
 •cent., the latter figure being the estimate given for the township of Vespra. A corres- 
 pondent from the township of Glenelg, in Grey, reports that double the area of this year's 
 -crop has been sown in that township, and most of the returns show some increase. The 
 tendency of farmers to depart from the ordinary rotation, and, for a time, devote more 
 than the proper proportion of their land to the cultivation of any particular crop, is 
 usually the result of an exceptionally abundant yield of that crop during the previous 
 season ; and this doubtless accounts for the largely increased acreage now sown with fall 
 wheat in this section of the Province. As a consequence, considerable quantities of 
 mtubble land, indifferently tilled and manured, must of necessity have been pressed into 
 service, a fact which is frequently mentioned in the reports. This is especially to be 
 regretted in the case of a crop which requires such thorough cultivation and preparation 
 •of the soil to ensure success. It is stated also that in consequence of the late harvest, and 
 the large amount of fall seeding to be done, farmers in many cases did not finish sowing 
 till the autumn season was far advanced, and the dry weather following retarded growth 
 very materially. Recent rains have improved the appearance of the crop, and although 
 
22 
 
 everywhere small in leaf it is healthy and vigorous in appearance, particularly on fallow- 
 ground. Even with the most favourable weather during the remainder of the growing- 
 season the wheat plants cannot be perfectly rooted and tillered before the frost of winter 
 sets in and prevents further growth. Whether or not they will live through the winter 
 without injury will depend very much on the character of the winter itself ; but under 
 the conditions of, in many oases, hasty and insufficient cultivation, and of tardy growtb 
 in all, the prospect is not as good as could be wished for. No attacks from Hessian fly 
 or other insect pests are reported. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland counties the fall wheat crop presents a fairly promising- 
 appearance, though owing to the absence of the usual amount of rain this fall the plants 
 have not attained their customary growth, whilst for the same reason on the heavier clay 
 soils the fields of fall wheat present a spotted or patchy appearance. Over the whole of 
 this district the crop was got in from ten days to two weeks later than usual, owing to- 
 the very late harvests — the most of the sowing taking place on or about the 20th of 
 September. For the same reason, as well as the continuance of very dry weather, the 
 land did not receive the usual amount of cultivation and care, and was in the case of the- 
 hea-9ier soils especially rough and lumpy at the time of sowing. Summer fallows, 
 however, were as a general thing in better tilth than stubble. Not only was the ground 
 in a poorer condition than usual, but from the haste which was necessary the work was 
 more roughly done. The seed bed throughout Wellington and Waterloo was much better 
 than in the other counties of the group. Throughout tho.se two counties also the plants- 
 present a more healthy appearance. The reason is doubtless to be found in the general 
 peculiarity of the soil in the two counties. Throughout Middlesex and Perth our corres- 
 pondents report that from ten to twenty per cent, less area has been sown in fall wheat- 
 than was last year put in. In Dufferin, Wellington, Waterloo, Brant, and Oxford about 
 ten per cent, greater area is reported as sown. The reason is doubtless that given by one- 
 of our correspondents in Guelph township, "An increased acreage almost invariably 
 follows a good crop." The inverse of the proposition is also true. From East and West- 
 Williams townships, in the county of Middlesex, come reports of slight ravages by the 
 Hessian fly, but though the insect has been found present in other localities very little 
 damage has been done by it. The white grub is reported as present in almost all old soils, 
 in Middlesex and Perth, and doing severe dam^:ge. But that is a common occurrence,, 
 and may be present, though there is no note of it, in other counties. The variations in* 
 the appearance of the crop throughout this district is to be accounted for partially by the 
 difference of elevation above sea level, and the consequent difference of temperature, 
 as well as by the diversity of soil. The county of Dufferin is at an average of about 
 1,300, Wellington and Waterloo about 1,100, Perth about 1,150, and Middlesex and 
 Oxford about 850 feet above the sea level. The consequent diversity of climatic change,, 
 together with the diversity of soil, will account for the difference in the crop throughout 
 the district. Speaking of the value of perfect seed, one of our esteemed correspondent.s- 
 in the township of South Dumfries says : " The Government should cause to be collected' 
 seed grain from all parts of the world. One good kind might repay all the cost. Clawson 
 wheat is a good example. It has been worth thousands to Ontario. All our grain- 
 deteriorates very fast, and new grain from a reliable source is much needed." The- 
 majority of our correspondents place the average of fall wheat at about twenty-seven 
 bushels per acre all through this group of counties, and of spring wheat at from fifteen to- 
 twenty bushels per acre. 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO COUNTIES. 
 
 As compared with last year a slightly larger breadth of fall wheat has been sown 
 this autumn throughout the Lake Ontario counties. It would have been considei^bly greater- 
 had not the late season, the long drouth, and the labour required to prepare the ground 
 interfered with the accomplishment of the plans of many farmers. The reports from cor- 
 
23 
 
 respondents agree (1) that with the exception of being too dry the summer-fallows and 
 light lands were in fine condition for seeding ; (2) that the wheat sown upon them before 
 the 15th of September promises best, especially in localities where rains have recently 
 fallen ; (3) that stubble land and stiif clay soils have been very hard to work ; and (4) 
 that the young plants have come up very unevenly, and appear to be sufiering from lack 
 of moisture. Vegetation has everywhere been checked, and only in a few favoured spots 
 is the growing crop what it should be at this season of the year. The condition of the 
 wheat in Lincoln, Wentworth and Halton is very nearly the same. The acreage was 
 slightly increased in the last-named county, and averages about fifteen acres in every 100. 
 The increase in the townships of Caledon and Chinguacousy (county of Peel) will be 
 quite twenty-five per cent. One report from the latter township is quite unique in re- 
 lating that so much rain fell that seeding could not go on, and, as a consequence, thistle* 
 got a start. The area sown in York will probably, on the whole; be greater than that put^ 
 under fall wheat last year. Some have increased their acreage twenty-five per cent, but, 
 on the other hand others have reduced theirs, and some of the "largest farmers in the 
 township of York have sown no wheat at all." The crop on summer-fallows is weB 
 forward, but that on stubble land is very backward. With regard to the condition of 
 the young' plants in the county of York the reports are very varied. The foUowing^ 
 extracts from five of them will afibrd some idea of this : " Looking fairly ; " " Appear- 
 ance poor for want of rain ; " " Smaller than usual ; " " Small, but very good ; " " Look 
 well, but have not the growth that they should have at this time of year." One report 
 from Ontario says : " There is at least fifty per cent, greater acreage sown ; summer- 
 fallows were in fair order, but pea and stubble lands were husky and rough, though 
 the showers at and after seeding pulverized them very well. Crop looks very nice,, 
 and much better than at this date last year." Another farmer reports as follows :: 
 " Mostly land that had grown barley and peas has been sown with fall wheat, whick 
 has not so much top as in some seasons, but looks healthy and strong." In parts 
 of Durham the acreage of fall wheat sown will be double that of 1881, but 
 this will not be true of other parts, especially of the townships of Claj-ke and 
 Darlington, where the crops have become very uncertain. In Northumberland a larger 
 area has been sown. The young plants are reported to be " getting a large top," and 
 "showing good growth." In Prince Edward, where the acreage will be about the 
 average, °" the ground was in fine condition, and the plants healthy and very forward."' 
 "What fall wheat has been sown in Lennox and Addington is in a very promising state.. 
 Very little damage by the Hessian fly has b^en done anywhere in the counties, but the; 
 presence of the wire-worm was noticed in one or two places in Lincoln and Halton. 
 
 ST. LAWEENCE AND OTTAWA COTJNTIES. 
 
 The comparatively small extent to which fall wheat is grown in the triangular group 
 of counties lying between the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers will be seen by a reference- 
 to the statistics which appear in the present report of the Bureau. The total acreage 
 sown last fall in the eleven counties comprised in this group was 36,666, being not more than 
 two-fifths that of the county of Huron, or about the same as that of the small county of 
 Brant. Winter exposure and spring frosts are the causes which operate in discouraging 
 the growth of the grain, and they were so potent last year that many fields were ploughed 
 up and re-sown with spring grain. The average yield over the entire group was a frac- 
 tion under eighteen bushels to the acre, and the breadth sown this fall in comparison with 
 ihat of last year appears to vary in different localities according to the degree of failure 
 which entered into this average. On the whole, however, the acreage of fall wheat wilt 
 probably be about the same as last year. The reports of correspondents are singularly 
 unanimous both as to the condition of the ground at seeding time and the present appear- 
 ance of the plant. " Ground in excellent condition," " could not be better, ' the very 
 best," are expressions repeated over and over again in the reports, and language equally 
 encouraging is used to describe the present appearance of the crop, especially where it was 
 sown on summer fallow. Only in a few isolated instances have unfavourable reports 
 been received. One correspondent in Kitley, Leeds county, says : " The crop has a fair ap-^ 
 
24 
 
 pearance at ' present, but one field I heard of was eaten in spots by the ■wire-\rorm.'" 
 From Lansdowne, in the same county, comes the report that the Hessian fly has injured 
 it considerably, and in Winchester, Dundas county, " some fields have been badly thinned 
 by the wire-worm." In limited areas over a narrow belt extending from east to west 
 through the centre of the group a period of drought followed close upon seeding, with the 
 effects in some cases of weakening the tender plants. A correspondent in North Gower, 
 Carleton county, says : " The ground was in good condition at seeding time, but there has 
 been very dry weather since. Still the crop appears very well and healthy." Another, 
 writing from Pakenham, Lanark county, says: "The harvest being very heavy and 
 late, interfered with the farmers preparing the usual quantity of ground, and the failure 
 of last season's crop discouraged a good many. The ground was dry at seeding time, and 
 *he crop looks weak, apparently from drought." From portions of Renfrew county the 
 difficulty of procuring seed grain, owing to the failure of this year's crop, is reported as a 
 reason fpr the unusually small acreage sown this fall. In a few instances seeding opera- 
 tions were yet in progress at the date of the reports. 
 
 EAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 The East Midland counties vary as to the amount of fall wheat that is grown in 
 them. Very little is sown over Hastings, the east of Peterboro', and Haliburton, the pro- 
 portion mentioned by our correspondents being almost invariably about five per cent. 
 Rye throughout that portion of this district is a very common crop, and is this fall look- 
 ing well, having been gotin in fine condition. In Victoria and the west of Peterboro' a 
 larger area of land is put under fall wheat. Over the former ■ part of the district this 
 crop was last season pretty thoroughly winter-killed, so that the encouragement to sow 
 this fall was not very great. The crop over the western part of the group was better. 
 Upon the whole our correspondents agree in saying that about twenty per cent, more land 
 has this year been put under fall wheat than was last year sown. The summer fallows were 
 in most excellent condition, but the barley or pea stubble was not in such good trim. The 
 harvest being later, the time of sowing was from a week to ten days later than usual. 
 The soil at seeding time was dry, but the warmth of September and October has brought 
 the plants well forward, and they present just now a fine appearance. That which was 
 sown the earliest looks the best. A great many of our correspondents assure us that the 
 acreage under fall'wheat throughout those East Midland counties is annually increasing. 
 No injury is reported from the ravages of the Hessian fly except in one township of 
 Victoria county, and there it did no great harm. The soil through this group of 
 counties is very full of lime, warm and sharp, though in many parts exceedingly stony. 
 The sample of grain, therefore, is as a usual thing very fine. 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 In the northern districts very little fall wheat, as a rule, is grown as yet, and no 
 increase in the acreage is reported. The season at sowing time was cold and dry, but 
 later rains quickened the growth of the crop, and gave it a fair appearance. The Hessian 
 fly has not made its appearance in this district. 
 
 THRESHING, MARKETING, FALL PLOUGHING, &c. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 As a rule very little grain has been marketed in the Lake Erie counties, farmers 
 preferring, where they can do so, to hold on in hope of better prices. The backwardness 
 of threshing and general farm work has also helped to delay marketing, where there was 
 no special inducement to sell. A correspondent from the county of Norfolk says : 
 " The marketing of this year's crop has hardly begun here, owing partly to the press of 
 fall work and partly to the lack of machines to thresh out the grain." The fall season 
 
25 
 
 has been, a delightful one, and has aided farmers very much in the work of securing all 
 their produce and making preparations for properly housing their stock through winter. 
 ■Reports from nearly every part of these counties complain that very little fall ploughing 
 has been done, 0"wing to the dryness of the summer and early fall season, and consequent 
 hardness of the ground. Later fall rains have put the land in condition to begin plough- 
 ing, and the work is progressing vigorously. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 In some sections of the Lake Huron district more grain has been marketed than in 
 others, but prices at present rule so low that farmers are reluctant to part with it. Fall 
 wheat is the only kind of grain which has begun to move, and even of this sales have not 
 been large. The bulk of this year's crops of all kinds is undoubtedly still in farmers' 
 hands, and a large proportion, particularly of the coarse grains, is yet , unthreshed. 
 Barley, owing to rains in harvest time, is generally discoloured, and on this account will 
 be largely utilized as " feed." The prices quoted are : Fall wheat, 90 to 93 cents ; barley, 
 50 to 70 cents ; oats, 30 to 40 cents ; peas, 60 cents. A correspondent in Bruce says 
 that roads are so good that more grain is being marketed than would otherwise be the 
 ■case. A complaint comes from Enniskillen (Lambton county) that "labouring hands 
 are scarce and wages high," and from Thedford (Lambton county) : " Cars are so scarce 
 that grain cannot be shipped." From Saugeen township (Bruce county) a farmer 
 writes : " Some little attention has been given in this neighbourhood to the growing of 
 sorghum cane, and the results seem to have been very satisfactory. I firmly believe that, 
 with good machinery, this is an industry that could be made second to none in the Prov- 
 ince." From Culross (Bruce county) : " Fodder is abundant and of good quality." The 
 general backwardness of the harvest, fall sowing, etc., has retarded ploughing for next 
 spring's crop, which has been still further delayed by the unfavourable condition of the 
 soil, lack of rain having allowed the ground to become quite dry and hard. A few 
 showers, which some correspondents note as having occurred about the date of their 
 reports, and the prevalence of fine weather, have, however, expedited matters to some 
 extent. A farmer writing from Hay township (Huron county) says : " Up to within 
 a week ago the ground has been too dry and hard to plough. It has been good, however, 
 for those who skin and harrow well to kill weeds, and plough again as deep as possible 
 before winter sets in. I do all I can of this with good effect." Another from Morris 
 township (Huron county) gives his opinion on fall ploughing as follows : " Fall plough- 
 ing late, and therefore of little benefit. Early fall ploughing is very beneficial if the 
 large plough is used in the spring, but of doubtful advantage if the gang-plough is em- 
 ployed.". Threshing is being briskly carried on, and advantage is being taken of the fine 
 weather to clear up low pieces of land, take out stumps, etc. 
 
 GEORGIAN BAT COUNTIES. 
 
 k 
 
 In the counties of Grey and Simcoe threshing and marketing have proceeded slowly. 
 The general backwardness of the season's work and the bulkiness of the wheat crop have 
 ■combined to delay threshing operations considerably, and much of the work will be post- 
 poned till winter. Farmers are holding, their grain in hopes of better prices, and are 
 only selling sufficient to meet pressing demands. Correspondents report that fall plough- 
 ing and preparation of the soil for next year's crop have never been so backward as 
 during this season. This is owing in a large measure to the want of sufficient rain. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 There has been a very small proportion of grain marketed in the West Midland 
 counties. The harvest was very late, sowing of fall wheat took up some time, threshing 
 had to be done, and a very large crop of roots harvested. These are all reasons why so 
 little grain has found its way to market. But the principal reason is the lown^ss of the 
 price. Barley was throughout this section discoloured to a great extent by the un- 
 favourable August weather. As a consequence, it is of very much lower value, and in 
 
26 
 
 many cases a large proportion of it will be fed. It is estimated by many of our corres- 
 pondents tHat, in their districts, about one-third of the crop has been sold. They put the 
 amount of wheat at about the same proportion. A good deal of the fall wheat was 
 threshed to make way for the spring grain, and a good deal found its way to market at 
 the close of the harvest ; but little has been sold since, owing to the fall of price. Of 
 course where the farmers can hold on they are doing so, wisely or unwisely. All trades^ 
 and retail dealers directly depending on the success of farmers are feeling the effects the- 
 most acutely. Besides barley and wheat, the sale of which is depended on for the far- 
 mers' ready money in the fall, little or no other grain has been brought out. The same 
 reasons which caused the slow marketing of grain has caused great delay in the fall 
 ploughing. Added to the late harvest and great amount of fall work, there has been a 
 great scarcity of labour, of which almost all our correspondents in this group of counties, 
 complain. The want of rain, too, has made the ground, where the soil is at all heavy,, 
 very hard and dry. Upon the whole there is not so much land ready as. usual this fall 
 for the spring. If the winter opens late, however, this state of affairs may be remedied, 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO COUNTIES. 
 
 Throughout the Lake Ontario counties the marketing of wheat is proceeding slowly. 
 Some of the other grains have been nearly disposed of, but, as "a rule, the farmers are too- 
 busy with their fall work — such as ploughing and securing the root crops — to pay any 
 more attention to selling the produce of the harvest than is necessary to provide funds for 
 present wants. A Lincoln correspondent, with regard to this, says : " Large quantities 
 of wheat are held back with the expectation of higher prices. Barley is mostly disposed 
 of, but most of the oats are yet to be threshed. Very little fall ploughing has been done, 
 the ground is so dry. Some rye has been sown for green pasture, and to be turned under 
 for wheat." In Wentworth little grain has been sold owing to the low prices, and little 
 fall ploughing has been done as the land is too dry and hard. A Halton farmer de- 
 clares that " not one-tenth of the wheat has been sold, and one-half of the farmers do not 
 care to sell their barley at present prices." A Peel farmer writes : " I do not think there 
 is anything like the quantity of grain marketed as is usual at this season of the year, 
 though everything is favourable except the prices, with which we are not satisfied. We 
 are beginning to believe that it is not wise to rush all our products on the market in the 
 fall, for many reasons which I might mention. If there is profit in holding on, we wish to- 
 share it ; if loss — well ! the loss will be more evenly distributed, and consequently there 
 will be less distress." Another correspondent, however, states that over 100,000 bushels of 
 barley have been shipped from Brampton at this date. The average price was about 62. 
 cents, being 75 cents for No. 1, and down to 50 cents for coloured. Like everywhere 
 else, fall ploughing in Peel is very backward, owing to the drought. For the reasons 
 already given the marketing of grain and fall ploughing are proceeding slowly in the 
 county of York. As a " general remark," a Markham correspondent says, that " some 
 few farmers have sown black barley as a substitute for peas, and the result has been very 
 satisfactory — the average yield being thirty bushels to the acre, the grain weighing sixty 
 pounds to the bushel. They get the barley ground and scald the meal previous to feed- 
 ing ; its fattening properties seem equal to pea-meal." There is nothing to be added from 
 the reports for the counties of Ontario, Durham, Northumberland, Prince Edward, and 
 Lennox and Addington, save that where barley is the staple crop it is found that, oWing 
 to its good condition, better prices are paid than in the west — 82 cents per bushel of 48 
 pounds having been realized for the best samples. A farmer in Grafton makes the 
 remark that " never has there been a more ocular demonstration of the advantages of 
 thorough farming than during the last two or three years, with the changes from extreme 
 wet to dry. Almost all farmers need the proceeds of the farm as soon as they can be 
 realized, and must sell at once." 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE AND OTTAWA COUNTIES. 
 
 The lateness of the season has delayed threshing, and consequently farmers were 
 not prepared for market as early as usual, especially as there were no temptingly high 
 
27 
 
 prices to hurry them. Buckwheat, barley and rye are about the only grains that have 
 been marketed in any considerable quantity. Wheat is being held by farmers in hopes 
 of larger price.s. Scarcity of threshing machines is mentioned in some localities, and bad 
 roads in others, as causes of delay in getting to market. Evidently the great bulk of the 
 season's crop is yet in the granary. As a general thing, fall ploughing for next season's 
 crop is well advanced, as the weather has been extremely favourable. In some counties, 
 however, there has been a long period of dry weather, which, especially in heavy clay soils,, 
 has rendered ploughing almost impossible. On the whole fall work is probably as well 
 advanced as usual. 
 
 EAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 Through a large portion of the East Midland counties the principal market is the 
 camp of the lumberman. Though not so exclusively so as a few years ago, when lumber- 
 ing operations were more extensive, the forests greater, and farming not so widely prac- 
 tised, it is yet true as to all the northern part of this district. The lateness of the har- 
 vest has kept back threshing operations. Barley is the great crop in the southern part 
 of the eastern portion of this district. Very little of No. 1 was this year produced, and 
 as that is about the only kind readily saleable at a fair price not much has found its 
 way to market. Prices of both barley and wheat have fallen so low that not much, if 
 any, more than one-third of the crop has so far been sold. The lateness of the harvest, 
 the threshing operations, and the hardness of the ground have retarded fall ploughing.. 
 But with good November weather the usual amount will be done — the more espe- 
 cially as little time has been spent in marketing grain. 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 Throughout the Muskoka and Northern districts farmers find a ready market and 
 receive good prices for all their produce from lumbermen, and new settlers'coming in to 
 take up homesteads. Oats bring from 40 to 60 cents per bushel, and hay, potatoes and fat 
 stock sell at correspondingly good prices. The home demand for all kinds of produce is- 
 greater than the supply, and considerable quantities of pork and flour have to be imported 
 into the district. In Muskoka, where the summer season is shorter than elsewhere in 
 Ontario, farmers find fall ploughing to be a pressing necessity to secure early seeding in 
 the spring. In a few localities, on strong soils, the dryness of the season has hindered 
 early ploughing, but the work is generally well advanced. The unusually favourable lat& 
 fall season, too, has proved a boon to all who were behind in the work of preparing the? 
 soil for spring seeding. 
 
 LIVE STOCK, MEAT SUPPLIES, AND THE DAIRY INTEREST. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 In the four western counties of this group pastures have been good throughout the- 
 fall, and live stock have been healthy and in fine order. In the two eastern counties, on 
 the other hand, pastures have been bare, owing to the drought, and cattle and sheep are 
 thin. Coarse grains are also scarce, and less than the usual number will be fattened for 
 the market. The reports generally agree in saying that there has been a cleaner sweep 
 of store cattle and hogs than for many years past, and the supplies now in farmers' hands 
 will not greatly exceed the demands of the home market. The fatted cattle are nearly all 
 sold. In Essex a large number of cattle have been bought for feeding at the Windsor 
 distillery, and in the other counties they are sold off the grass to drovers. Sheep are in 
 good condition, and as many as can be spared are being disposed of at high prices. Store- 
 hogs have been selling by the carload in Essex at $6- per one hundred pounds, live weight,, 
 and in Elgin at $6.50 ; but considerable numbers are being fattened, and "the corn will; 
 mostly be put into pork." Excepting in Haldimand and Welland dairying has been 
 
28 
 
 profitable with farmers this year, rich pastures and a generous supply of milk going 
 together. Cheese factories are numerous throughout Norfolk and Elgin, and are also 
 steadily gaining a foothold in Kent. A large quantity of cheese has been made, and the 
 market for it has been exceptionally good throughout the season. This has had its natural 
 effect on the butter market, and farmers have found ready purchasers at 20 to 25 cents 
 per pound ; even at these figures they were not able ' to more than supply the home 
 demand. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 Pastures in Lambton are still in fair condition, but are beginning to fail ; while in 
 Huron and Bruce, particularly the former county, the continued drought has told severely 
 upon them, and they are now very bare. Notwithstanding this live stock are generally 
 reported in good condition, the result most likely of the plentiful supply of grass which 
 ■existed until within some weeks ago. The steady drain of cattle for export purposes 
 which has been going on in the Lake Huron counties in common with the rest of the 
 Province, for the last two or three years, has reduced the number of cattle available for 
 fattening to a minimum. Cows and steers which are to be fed this winter are still mainly 
 on the grass, farmers being naturally unwilling to house them before it is necessary to do 
 so. The probability is that the number of beeves fed during the coming months will be 
 smaller than usual. The same remark applies to sheep and hogs, though with regard to 
 the latter there is force in what a Tuckersmith (Huron county) correspondent says : 
 " Hogs are scarce, but owing to the good crops of coarse grains there will probably be 
 more marketed than last year." Many cattle and sheep were sold off the grass, and those 
 which are to be fattened this winter will probably require less time than usual to fit them 
 for market, owing to the good condition in which the summer's pasture has left them. 
 Butter and cheese have been made in considerable quantities during the past season and 
 at fairly remunerative prices. Both are in good demand, the former at about 20 cents and 
 the latter — mainly the product of cheese factories, which of late years have greatly 
 increased in number — at 11 or 12 cents per pound. 
 
 GEORGIAN BAY COUNTIES. 
 
 From the district along the shore of the Georgian Bay pastures are generally reported 
 fair, and live stock are in good condition for store or feeding in the stall. Cattle and 
 hogs intended for fattening are being taken up and given extra attention. Reports from 
 •some districts state that the brisk demand of the past few years for live stock of all kinds 
 Jias induced many farmers to sell themselves short, and there is now a scarcity of matured 
 steers and heavy hogs suitable for the foreign market. Buyers are willing to pay well for 
 ■all the animals they can find in good condition on the grass, and in many cases farmers 
 are influenced by this demand, and by the scarcity of corn and other feeding grains, to 
 sell in a half fat condition the stock they had intended for the stall. In view of these 
 facts the supply of heavy stall-fed cattle, suitable for export, is not likely to be as large 
 as usual from this district. Sheep and lambs are fairly plentiful, and bring good prices. 
 ■Creameries and cheese factories have not been introduced to any extent, and the supply 
 of dairy produce, owing to the dry summer, will be light. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland counties the pastures have been all the fall in fine 
 condition. The severe frosts of last winter " heaved out " the clover, and as it is that 
 grass we usually depend upon for fall pasture the anticipations as to its condition, and 
 especially as to its staying quality, were rather gloomy. But the warm rains of August 
 and the early part of September assured the growth of the new grass, of which there was 
 a fine catch, and a respringing of the old timothy. Latterly through a large portion of 
 this district the pasture has been becoming bare, and complaints of the want of rain and 
 consequent poorness of pasture have been received from correspondents on the high lands 
 of Perth, Wellington and Dufferin. . But the area is very limited, and the testimony is 
 
29 
 
 almost universal to the richness of -the fall pastures. In consequence of the good pasture, 
 the live stock for feeding have been put into the stalls, stables and pens in excellent con- 
 dition. The Supply of all classes is about one-third less than it was two years ago. But 
 there will be a great number fed this year owing to the plentiful crop of roots and the 
 lower price of coarse grains. The supply of export cattle will be a limited one, but that 
 of second and third class in size and quality promises to be about the average. The high 
 prices of the past spring and summer have caused the sale of a good many cattle that 
 would usually be held until the Christmas fairs, and the continuance of them this fall has 
 led to the feeding of quite a quantity of meal on the grass and the sale of a large number 
 of cattle before they were put in the stalls at all. Throughout this district, too, a large 
 quantity of corn is grown and fed stalks and all to the cattle. Of that an extensive area 
 comparatively was this year put in. Taken all these things together, and remembering 
 the fact mentioned by many of our correspondents that quite a number of the farmers are 
 buying up store cattle even at high prices, it is safe to predict that a large number of 
 stalls will be full all winter, and the scarcity of good animals, now so noticeable, will be 
 perpetuated through the whole season. This district, especially the counties of Welling- 
 ton and Waterloo, comprises the most extensive cattle-feeding area of the Province, so 
 that what holds good here may be safely called Provincial. The crop of Iambs was last 
 spring an exceptionally fine one throughout this group of counties, and though very many 
 were sold to the butchers during the summer about an average quantity have been put 
 into the pens for winter feeding. Those have been fed not only on the excellent pastures, 
 but when those began to fail in many portions of the district they were assisted by most 
 excellent fields of rape, which was this fall a magnificent crop ; so that the sheep will go 
 into winter quarters in fine order. Many of our correspondents mention the fact of the 
 growing preference for the Downs, even though the mutton of the long wools is the 
 greatest in quantity. Hogs will be rather below the average in quantity this year 
 throughout this district, though the success of the cheese industry, especially through 
 Oxford and Perth, has led to the number of hogs in those counties being about the usual 
 number. The failure of the pea crop, through the ravages of the pea weevil, has materially 
 decreased the number of hogs fed through the whole of the western peninsula. On the 
 whole it may be said that iu the West Midland counties the prospects of the live stock 
 trade are very good, and the prices are likely to be high. This has been a fine 
 season for the cheese industry. Little is made in Duflferin, Wellington or Water- 
 loo ; but a great deal in Oxford, Middlesex and Perth. From the latter counties 
 our correspondents unanimously agree in declaring that this has been one of the 
 finest seasons wjthin their recollection. , The moist summer, fine pastures, steady 
 demand, and good prices, have all combined in extending the cheese industry this 
 season. As a consequence the supply of butter throughout this district has been meagre, 
 and still continues small. When the cheese factories stop operations, which they are now 
 beginning to do, the butter supply will increase. Throughout Wellington, Waterloo and 
 Dutterin, where not much cheese is made, the butter supply has all along been fair at 
 good prices. At this point it still continues. On the whole, the quantity of animals 
 and their products exported this year, and still remaining to be exported, from the West 
 Midland counties will be exceptionally great. 
 
 The importance and value of the fat cattle trade will appear from the following ex- 
 tract, taken from the report of our Lobo (Middlesex) correspondent : " We have just 
 finished one of the most successful seasons in grazing cattle for export (on the net gain) 
 ever experienced in the county of Middlesex. Eight or ten thousand cattle sold for $70 
 per head ; choice lots, fed on meal on the grass, brought $80 and $90 per head. My 
 cattle, 100 head, averaged last fall $37, and cost for wintering $12, making $49 per 
 head in the spring. All left the pasture in August at $80 per head, and my lot was a 
 fair average for the county." 
 
 LAKK ONTAKIO COUNTIES. 
 
 So far as the condition of fall pastures and the prospect of supplies for the market 
 are concerned, two reports from Lincoln— the first in the Lake Ontario group of counties 
 
30 
 
 — will state the facta sufficiently for that county. One laconic correspondent from Louth 
 says : " Fall pasture was injured by drought / live stock a good average ; cattle and sh^ep 
 vei'y scarce ; hogs more plentiful, but all will be required for local consumption ; the 
 supply of butter and cheese is not sufficient to meet the local demand." A corres- 
 pondent from Grimsby puts it in this way : " Fall pastures have been good j many young 
 cattle and sheep are in excellent condition ; farmers appear to have more than the usual 
 number of hogs, which are also in good order. There are no cheese factories in the town- 
 ship, T am sorry to say. Butter, of course, is made in every farm-house, and finds a ready 
 sale at good prices ; farmers seem to think it pays as well as cheese would." There is, 
 apparently, no cheese factory in the county. The reports from Wentworth are very 
 similar to those from Lincolu, but one from Ancaster states that " there is not much 
 stock, except on pasture, nor a very good supply for the market ; we are not going very 
 strong into the dairy business, but into beef and mutton." In Halton the pastures are 
 poor, and some farmers are already hand-feeding their stock, of which there appears to be 
 a fair quantity in preparation for the markets. One report from Chinguacousy (in Peel) 
 £ays : "Fall pastures have been good. The wet summer ensured a good 'catch' of 
 clover and gave the pastures a fair start. Sheep have done exceedingly well, but the 
 young grass has been soft for cattle, and flies have been troublesome, so that cattle have 
 not done as well as could be expected and wished. There is not much doing in fattening 
 stock yet. Hogs are being fed for home use, but there will not be a large surplus." In 
 parts of the county butter is represented to be plentiful, and in others very scarce. In 
 some localities cheese is made, and one factory is mentioned, but in others cheese gives 
 place entirely to butter. Whatever the pasturage in York may have been, it is now poor. 
 As a rule, the fattening of stock has not commenced, but the prospects are reported to be 
 in favour of a considerable surplus of sheep and hogs ready for market. A correspondent 
 in Markham says : " Some eight or ten farmers here are purchasing cattle further north, 
 and fattening them on their coarse grains. There will be a surplus of mutton and pork, 
 for the reason that the greater part of the barley crop was coloured by the wet weather, 
 and the farmers are getting it chopped and are feeding it to hogs and sheep. Dark barley 
 only realises about 50 cents per bushel." Very little cheese is made in the county. But- 
 ter is plentiful, but the supply is confined to the produce of farm-houses. Nearly all the 
 milk in the township of York is sold for consumption in the city of Toronto, where the 
 price, delivered to consumers, is now seven cents per quart. Pasturage in the county of 
 Ontario is poor, and no cattle have yet been shut up to be fattened. The dairy interest 
 is not thrifty. " Pastures," says one report from Durham, " are moderately good. It is 
 far too early yet for stall-feeding, but there will be a surplus of live stock for market, as 
 the root crops are good. Butter is high. On account of increased attention to the cheese 
 industry, the factories have been doing a large and profitable business." A correspondent 
 in Darlington states that " sheep and pigs are nearly all gone, they having been shipped 
 to the old country and to Montreal. People," he says, " are beginning to take an interest 
 in cheese." The report of a farmer in the township of Kaldimand may be accepted for 
 the county of Northumberland. He says : " Pastures are very bare and dry, but stock 
 looks healthy and well. Very few hogs are fattened here for export, except at the 
 cheese factories, four of which export more than $20,000 worth of cheese. Butter is 
 made at private dairies, and exceeds the demand." A report from Grafton adds informa- 
 tion to the effect that cattle and sheep were nearly all sold during the summer for export, 
 and that hogs are scarce, the surplus having been sold to speculators. Want of rain in 
 Prince Edward county, as in all the other counties, has affected the pastures; stock- is, 
 however, in good condition, and on some farms considerable progress has been made in 
 fattening cattle and hogs for the market. The majority of the reports indicate that the 
 dairy interest is thriving, and that it stands among the first in the county, but one seems 
 to contradict this by stating that " cheese factories are not well patronised." Butter is 
 scarce and dear. A farmer in Camden says that pasturage in Lennox and Addington 
 was never better at this season of the year, and that stock is, therefore, in excellent con- 
 dition. The marketing of cattle, the same correspondent says, has commenced ; indeed 
 they are rather scarce. " This," he adds, " is an excellent season for butter, and cheese, 
 «nd good prices." 
 
31 
 
 ST. LAWRKNCB AND OTTAWA COUNTIES. 
 
 With few exceptions fall pastures are reported to be in excellent condition, and live 
 stock healthy, thriving, and in good flesh. In some of the northern townships there had 
 lately been a considerable period of dry weather, but though pastures were short in con- 
 sequence the condition of live stock had not sensibly deteriorated. The meat supply 
 throughout the district will fall far short of the demand, consequent on the constant and 
 ready export market available for this part of the Province. Owing to the fine condition 
 of the pastures stall feeding has scarcely begun yet in many parts of the districts, and in 
 others it is little practised, the cattle 'being all ibought off the pastures for the lumber 
 woods or other markets. Larg^,. numbers of lambs ihave been sold for the American 
 market at an average of about three dollars, per headj and thfereih'as been an active demand 
 ior hogs at about six cents per pound, live weight. These demands, together with the 
 requirements of the local butchers and drovers, have seriously depleted the meat supply 
 for winter and spring. The past season has been a very successful one for the dairy 
 interest, which is so important in some of these counties. Cheese has sold at good prices ; 
 and manufacturers and patrons are alike pleased with the year's operations. The supply 
 of cheese on hand is generally reported small. Butter has been made in large quantities, 
 and the almost invariable report is that the. bulk of the product is still in the farmers' 
 hands, on account of the prevailing low prices. This remark does not, however, apply to 
 No. 1 Leeds butter, which has been sold in considerable quantities at from twenty to 
 twenty-two cents per pound, in tub. 
 
 BAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 There has not been the same quantity of rain throughout the East Midland counties 
 as in some other parts of the Province. The pastures towards the close of the season 
 therefore began to feel the effects of the drought. But, upon the whole, whilst not perhaps 
 heavy they have been very good in this section. As a consequence stock have gone into 
 winter quarters in fine condition. Not many cattle are fattened in this group of counties. 
 The majority of those in fair condition have been sold off the grass — here and there a 
 little meal having first been given. There will be few left to fatten in the stalls and 
 •exported. The majority of those now remaining will be sold before Christmas. Sheep 
 are about an average in number, and above it in quality. The most of the surplus of 
 them, however, have been already disposed of in this section. There is a greater quantity 
 ■of hogs fattened through this part of the Province than of an^'bther kind of stock. The 
 number this year is fully up to the average, and a large quantity of pork will be ready 
 for disposal in another month. The supply of butter just now in the greater portion of 
 this district is scarcely up to the average. There will, however, be quite a quantity for 
 export. Very little cheese is made except in the southern portion of Hastings county, 
 where the cheese industry is a very prominent one and cheese factories numerous. On 
 the whole, the exports of animals and their products from this district will be very 
 limited — a large portion of the supply will go out only to the lumbermen. 
 
 THE NOBTHEEN DISTBICTS. 
 
 Pastures never were better in the Muskoka district, and stock of all kinds are in 
 good condition. Very little stall feeding is engaged in, farmers preferring to sell their 
 oattle off the grass to the lumbermen, who afford them a ready market for all they can 
 supply. Hogs are generally fattened and sold in winter to the lumber camps. There is 
 a good supply of butter, but cheese is only manufactured in limited quantities. 
 
32 
 
 THE DRAINAGE OF FARM LANDS. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties spring frosts did but little damage — excepting, of course, 
 the uprooting of fall wheat and clover, which was very general — but the heavy rains 
 which came in the early part of the growing season injured the crops and retarded work 
 in all the low-lying districts. A considerable portion of this region is of a low, flat 
 nature, particularly in the neighbourhood of Lake St. Clair, and large areas of hitherto 
 worthless land in the counties of Essex and Kent have recently been reclaimed and made 
 very valuable under the operation of the Drainage Act passed by the Ontario Govern- 
 ment. Thousands of acres of these lands now yield annually heavy crops of Indian com, 
 wheat and clover, and thus add largely to the production and revenue of the district. 
 Beyond this system of municipal drainage where large tracts of wet lands are found, it is 
 necessary that a great deal of private drainage shall be done by farmers themselves on 
 their individual holdings. In some cases this work has been begun and carried on with 
 vigour, but, as a rule, farmers have not shown that enterprise which the needs of many 
 localities would seem imperatively to demand. In many townships no covered drains 
 have been constructed as yet, and tile-makers are unknown. Where farms have been 
 properly drained the effects are very marked. A correspondent from the township of 
 Southwold, county of Elgin, says : ," The superiority of drained over undrained land, as 
 regards quantity and quality of the crop, greater ease in harvesting, etc., is greater than 
 any one not having an opportunity of making actual comparison would be willing to 
 credit We can produce forty bushels of fall wheat per acre on underdrained lands, which 
 with our imperfect system of surface draining, the most expensive in the long run, would 
 not have given half that yield." In the counties of Elgin and Kent there has been 
 marked activity in underdraining work this year, and makers have not been able to supply 
 the large demand for tiles. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 But one opinion is expressed by correspondents from the Lake Huron group of 
 counties as to the advantages of underdraining, and all are unanimous in saying that 
 the damage done by the rains and frosts of last spring was confined enljirely to undrained 
 lands. On these fall wheat and clover were heaved up by the frost to a large extent, and 
 the thrown-out roots perished from exposure to the air. Clover, especially, suffered greatly 
 from this cause, and had it not been for the timely rains in June the crop. would have 
 been much smaller than it was. On the other hand, neither clover nor faU wheat was at 
 all affected by rams or frosts on well-drained lands. Some correspondents say that the 
 dryness of the spring in their locality saved crops from material injury. Farmers are 
 becoming more and more convinced of the importance of underdraining, and steady pro- 
 gress IS being made, chiefly in the drainage of low and wet lands, attention being natu- 
 rally first paid to these. The county of Lambton has done more draining than either 
 Huron or Bruce ; the latter, as was to be expected from the comparatively recent date of 
 its settlement, least of any. In the northern townships of this county underdraining is 
 practically unknown, as farmers are still busily engaged in the preliminary processes of 
 clearing and building. It is safe to say, however, that in very few parts of this Lake 
 Huron district are draining operations carried on to the extent which might easily be the 
 f ?■.,,■ J ■S^^^°''^^'*'?'^ ^^"K",^ draining materials is given as one of the retarding causes, 
 but this difficulty would quickly vanish if farmers were more generally in earnest about- 
 improving their land, and more keenly alive to the fact that thorough drainage means- 
 larger crops and increased returns. A few quotations from the reports will show the 
 opinions of experienced men, and the results they have achieved. Mr. Hugh Love sen 
 of the township of Hay (Huron county), says : "I had a flattish piece of sixteen 
 acres summer fallowed out of the sod last summer. I expended $200 on drains I know 
 It has morethan paid for the draining in this one crop. The field has yielded thirty-eight, 
 bushels to the acre of good Seneca wheat." Mr. G. Edwin Cresswell, of Tuckersmith. 
 
33 
 
 township, in the same county, says : " A farmer who underdrained a twenty-seven acre 
 plot of ground tells me that he has sold 1,000 bushels of fall wheat from the same ; is 
 certain if it had not been thoroughly underdrained he would not have reaped 400 bushels. 
 The land was drained three feet deep." Mr. W. Young, of Plympton township (Lambton 
 oounty), says : " While crops on drained land may suffer, those on undrained land perish. 
 Farmers are coming to the conclusion that without proper drainage farming is a lottery, 
 with ten chances to one against them." Seeding on undrained lands was delayed from 
 two to three weeks. On drained land no delay was experienced. Tiles are principally 
 used in Lambton for purposes of underdrainage, while in Huron and Bruce lumber and 
 stones are mostly employed, owing, perhaps, more to the fact that few tUes are made in 
 the latter counties than to any preference for these materials. A correspondent in 
 Morris township (Huron county) comments upon the diflB.oulty sometimes experienced in 
 obtaining a suitable outlet for drains, and says this prevents drainage which would other- 
 wise be done. 
 
 GEOEGIAN BAT COUNTIES. 
 
 Very little systematic underdraining has yet been undertaken in the counties of 
 Grey and Simooe. In some of the best settled districts, where the soil is of a porous 
 nature and the surface undulating, immediate drainage has not been felt to be a pressing 
 necessity, and farmers have occupied their attention with improvements in other direc- 
 tions which they believed to be more urgent. As a general thing the most that has 
 been done has been to lay down leading drains through the lowest lands, usually follow- 
 ing the natural course of the surface water, into which smaller lateral drains can be run 
 at any future time. In several of the oldest townships in Simcoe tile is almost exclu- 
 sively used, but in Grey, where stones are more abundant, the old-fashioned stone drain 
 is largely adhered to. In the newer townships, sawn or split timber of some durable 
 kind is used. Where there has been an opportunity to observe and compare results on 
 drained and undrained soils, correspondents have no hesitation in saying that draining 
 confers many advantages. The soil is more easily worked at all times, an earlier sowing 
 and ripening season is secured, and the yield is much greater. The practice is steadily 
 gaining in favour, and will receive increased attention from farmers from year to year, 
 as their means and other engagements will permit. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 It is only of late years that the great value and absolute necessity of drainage have 
 forced themselves upon the farmers of the West Midland counties ; but no part of the 
 Province can now show a greater amount of land undergoing improvement by under- 
 draining. Except in some parts of Dufferin and the north of Wellington, there has no 
 part of this district suffered much from the early frosts, nor was the quantity of rain so 
 great in the early spring as to cause any serious inconvenience even on the undrained 
 lands. Still, as is observed by quite a number of correspondents, the fact of wheat being 
 winter-killed on undrained lands, and coming out fresh and green on adjacent drained 
 fields and spots, was quite perceptible in many parts of the district. Not only so, but 
 the rains of the summer had a bad effect upon, the crop on the low, springy, cold-bottomed 
 lands. Especially was this visible on the barley crop, and somewhat on the pea crop in 
 the northern part of this district. Indeed during June, over the higher sections, the 
 barley suffered pretty severely from frosts on undrained lands. Draining has been more 
 largely undertaken through this group of counties than for many years past. The parts 
 being drained are principally the wet places of the farm. A lot of land that was formerly 
 swamp has been brought in during the last two years. A great and increasing number 
 of farmers in this section make a practice of underdraining their summer fallows each 
 year, if they have one. The principal material used is tile. A great deal depends on the 
 vicinity to a tile manufactory, but the want may be depended upon to make them in a 
 few years. Though tile is the principal, yet many of our correspondents mention boards, 
 plank, brush and stone as being used in their localities. One of our correspondents in 
 Dufferin county thus describes his practice : " I dig three and a half feet deep, and eighteen 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 or twenty inches wide, build a pipe in the bottom five or six inches ; fill in small or broken 
 stone to a depth of two feet, then put the soil on top. They do well, and if properly built 
 they last for many years." Another correspondent in Wellington says : " There has been 
 quite a move made in draining this season. Many farmers are going into it in earnest, 
 and it has been difficult for the tile-makera to supply the demand." Yery many corres- 
 pondents speak of the good results of under-drainage in their own experience. They all 
 agree in saying that seeding can be gone on with from one to two weeks earlier on under- 
 drained lands than before draining them, or on wetter lands beside them. Many declare 
 that the first expense will soon be paid. One correspondent in Wellington says : " I 
 think that a thorough system of tile drainage would, from my own knowledge, pay over 
 twenty-five per cent, each year for some years on the capital invested." Another in Mid- 
 dlesex remarks : "I recommend all farmers to drain the heavy soil on their farms. I 
 know from my own experience that it will pay in the first two crops." We are afraid 
 that the provisions of the Ontario Tile Drainage Act, by which the municipalities can 
 borrow from the Government out of the surplus, and the farmer from the municipality, 
 repayable on the sinking fund plan, is not sufficiently known amongst our farmers. We 
 make the remark because of casual allusions that many of our correspondents make, and 
 from suggestions like the following made by a correspondent in Waterloo county : " This 
 question is a very important one, and there is nothing that will more advance the material 
 prosperity of Ontario than by having it done. The Government might grant a large 
 amount of the surplus to be lent to farmers at bank interest, to be paid back interest and 
 capital in ten years." 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO COUNTIES. 
 
 Overwhelming evidence of the fact that the farmers throughout the Lake Ontario 
 counties are cognizant of the value of drainage is found in the reports of our correspondents. 
 The difierence in crops taken from drained and undrained land, in the same locality, ap- 
 pears often to have been of the most striking character, and will no doubt have its efiect 
 upon any doubting Thomases, if any there be. One farmer writes thus from Lincoln : 
 " The difference in crops on land drained or not drained was, in Louth, fully thirty per 
 cent, in favour of the former. In our section we all depend on surface drainage ; scarcely 
 an underdrained farm can be found." A Gainsboro' correspondent says : " There are no 
 tile drains in this township, all the draining being done by top drains. The crops on well- 
 drained lands were from fifty to seventy-five per cent, better than those on undrained 
 lands." A Grantham farmer adds strongly corroborative testimony when he declares 
 that " a good deal of delay and damage from lack of draining were suffered at the time of 
 heavy rains." A fourth report from Grimsby says that " with surface drains the ground ' 
 generally gets in condition for sowing at the proper time. Little or no progress has been 
 made m under-draining." No loss seems to have resulted to the crops from spring frosts. 
 As m Lincoln, there appear to be no tile-makers in Wentworth, where very little under- 
 drainmg has been done. In spots the fall wheat suffered badly from spring frosts. The 
 weather having been favourable, very little delay, in general, was experienced from lack 
 of drainage. In Halton some clover was killed by frost for want of drainage. Little 
 progress has been made here in underdraining. One farmer says that seeding could have 
 taken place on many farms at least a week earlier had they been drained. Some tiles and 
 stone drains have been constructed. A West Caledon farmer (county of Peel) states that 
 he has two hundred rods of drain made of hemlock scantling, which answers the purpose 
 very well m wet, springy ground. He uses 2 x 4-inch scantling with 8-inch boards, one 
 inch thick, on top and bottom. Some farmers have found tile draining unsatisfactory. 
 V ery little underdraining has been accomplished in Peel, but aU the correspondents from 
 that county admit the value of it. The spring wheat on undrained clay soils suffered 
 severely irom frosts. Some parts of the county of York are so situated that drainage is 
 not absolutely necessary, but in other parts it is a prime necessity, and a good deal of 
 underdraining is being done. A Whitchurch correspondent says : " Spring frosts and 
 rams did very httle harm to the crops except making the harvest later, especially on un- 
 dramed lands. A large number of drains have been put in, but not half what should be. 
 -liJe and wood are used chiefly. Myself and two or three of my neighbours have ordered 
 
35 
 
 a ditching machine, with which we expect to put in a good many drains in this neigh- 
 ^bourhood. On undrained land fall wheat was injured by frosts and spring crops by rain. 
 A great manyf arms are pretty well drained, though not many fields are drained thoroughly 
 or systematically, only the wettest parts being attended to ; but they all say it pays. In 
 wet springs a great deal of time is lost by lack of proper drainage." The spring frosts 
 seem to have been very injurious in parts of the county of Ontario. A Brock farmer says : 
 " Grain crops were much better on drained lands. The delay in seeding caused by lack of 
 drainage amounted to several days, and in some cases to weeks. Every draindigger in 
 our township is employed this fall, and non^could be got for love or money from their 
 employers. Stone, cedar, hemlock lumber, and tiles are used, but a new species of drain 
 material was shown at our fair manufactured of water-lime and sand, which could be 
 made in a continuous pipe and perforated for any length, but I have no testimony regard- 
 ing its durability." In Durham, says one report from that county, the effect on the crops 
 of the cold rains in the spring was, no doubt, aggravated by lack of drainage. Very little 
 draining appears to have been done in Northumberland, Prince Edward, and Lennox and 
 Addington, beyond tapping wet spots in fields under cultivation. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE AND OTTAWA' COUNTIES. 
 
 The character of the past season was such as to afford every opportunity to test the 
 value of underdrainage in farm operations, and there comes no uncertain sound on the 
 subject from correspondents in these counties. The evidence may be summed up in a. 
 few words : Serious damage by rains and frost to both spring and fall crops, and a delay, 
 varying from ten days to three weeks, in seeding operations. A correspondent in Brom- 
 ley township (Dundas county) says : " The bad effect of rain and frost on undrained 
 land was most clearly demonstrated by the total destruction of clover. Also, the late 
 sowing of wheat, incident on the state of such lands, caused otherwise fine fields to be 
 
 rendered useless with rust Farmers are becoming alive to the necessity of 
 
 more systematic drainage." Another, writing from Kenyon (Glengarry county), says ; " I 
 have to report that in the matter of drainage there is great room for improvement ; but 
 the old stone filling of drains has been abandoned in favour of hemlock timber, placed so 
 that the edges meet at an inclination of about forty-five degrees. No tiles are used. 
 Owing to lateness in getting in the crop and the wetness of the summer, there was in 
 many instances a complete failure of all kinds of crops sown on low lands, while those on 
 high lands escaped." E:^tracts might be given by the dozen differing only from these in 
 that, while admitting the good- effects of drainage, they express the regret of the writers 
 that so little signs of improvement are visible. Still, in many localities there are indica- 
 tions that one effect of this season's experience will be to give a decided impetus to im- 
 proved underdrainage. Tile drain pipes are used only to a very limited extent, and 
 chiefly in the neighbourhood of the cities and towns. But correspondents in some of the 
 remoter parts of the district say that inability to procure tile cheaply and conveniently is 
 the main reason for its not being more extensively used. Stone and wood — chiefly hemlock 
 — are the principal materials employed where underdrainage is practised at all. A corres- 
 pondent, who reports for Grattan and neighbouring townships in the county of Renfrew, 
 says ; " On a few level farms, in building their stone fences farmers first dig a deep trench and 
 fill it with large stones, and build their fence upon this. These are the only efforts as yet 
 made towards underdraining." In a few instances the scarcity and dearness of labour are 
 given as reasons for the small amount of underdraining done, and in others open drains 
 or ditches are regarded as sufficient. The land in considerable portions of the district ia 
 rolling, and requires little or no artificial drainage. 
 
 BAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 Underdraining has not made any great progress throughout the East Midland 
 counties. Over Haliburton, North Hastings, North Peterboro', and North Victoria it 
 would not be expected. In South Hastings, around Peterboro' town, and through South 
 Victoria a little has been done. As many correspondents remark, the farmers are but. 
 ■waking up to the great advantages of thorough underdraining. Those who have had the 
 
■iO 
 
 opportunity all agree in testifying that seeding was from eight to ten days earlier on 
 drained than on undrained lands. One esteemed correspondent in Victoria county 
 expresses his belief thus : " I venture the assertion that there are not fifty acres of 
 properly underdrained land in this county." But he must be mistaken, for other corres- 
 pondents mention various sections of Victoria in which underdraining is going on. The 
 materials used are cedar rails, hemlock boards, stones, and tile. The latter is the more 
 commonly used, though the number of tile-makers through the whole of the East Midland 
 counties would seem not to be more than a dozen. This year there has been a greater 
 number of drains put in than for many a yest before. One valued correspondent in the 
 south of Victoria county says : "This year there has been a great deal of underdraining 
 done. For main drains the material used is hemlock boards, six inches wide, made into 
 a box. It takes off a great deal more water than tile does, and hemlock is lasting. Of 
 course the mouth of the drain should be stone for some five or six yards. For the laterals 
 tile is almost wholly used. There are a few stone drains here, but they do not seem to 
 suit so well. Every year here there is fully double the draining of the year before done." 
 
 THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. 
 
 Very little underdraining is done in the northern districts, as settlers are too busily 
 employed in clearing their farms to engage in this work. Stone and timber are the only 
 materials employed. No serious injury or delay resulted from frosts or rains in the 
 spring. 
 
 MANUEES AND ARTIFICIAL FERTILISERS. 
 
 LAKE ERIE COUNTIES. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties barnyard manure is the staple fertilizer, and with the 
 practice of ploughing in green crops, which prevails to a considerable extent on the lighter 
 soils, it is about the only means adopted to restore direct to the soil the elements taken 
 from it by successive cropping. Plaster and salt are used to a limited extent on clover 
 and wheat, and with almost invariably good results. Leached wood ashes, where procur- 
 able, have been used with advantage as a top-dressing for clover, and when sown in the 
 drill with potatoes. No experiments with phosphates are reported. 
 
 LAKE HURON COUNTIES. 
 
 A good deal of attention is paid to manuring the soil in the Lake Huron counties 
 and all barnyard manure produced on the farm is, as a general thing, carefully saved 
 and applied. Clover in the green state is sometimes ploughed under with exceUent 
 eftects. The only artificial fertilizers used in this section are salt and plaster the latter 
 to a very limited extent only, but with good results. Salt—which one correspondent 
 quotes as costing him $4 per ton— is produced in large quantities in this part of Canada 
 and is extensively used, principally on fall and spring wheat, barley, and root crops It 
 IS applied at the rate of from 200 to 400 lbs. per acre. Considerable division of opinion 
 exists, however, as to its effects It is not generally claimed that it perceptibly increases 
 the yield of grain, but that, m the words of one correspondent, it acts like a ''tonic " in 
 stiffening and strengthening the straw, thus causing the grain to ripen better and in 
 producing a brighter sample. This view is entertained by a considerable majority of 
 farmers reportmg to the Bureau. A few, on the other hand, aver that after trvine it for 
 a number of years they have failed to perceive any benefit accruing from it and have 
 consequently discontinued its use without sustaining any loss. A correspondent in Turn- 
 berry township (Huron county) says there is less salt used in his locality now than there 
 was some years ago. Some farmers are of opinion that it kills certain insect pests such as 
 the wire-worm and turnip fly. _ Mr. A. McD. Allan, Goderich (Huron countyrsays ''^[n 
 all apple orchards where salt is used fruit is clean and free from worms." No phosphates 
 are used m this district. pnospnates 
 
37 
 
 GEORGIAN BAY COUNTIES. 
 
 In the G-eorgian Bay district barnyard manure is saved and applied with varying 
 degrees of care and regularity. Salt and plaster have been used in considerable quantities 
 in the older townships on clover, roots and cereals. It is difficult in every case to notice 
 a direct benefit from the use of salt as a fertilizer, but as a general rule, where it is 
 applied to spring wheat and barley on light soils, the improvement is quite marked in the 
 earlier ripening of the crop, freedom from rust, and a better yield and sample of grain. 
 Correspondents state that plaster almost invariably proves a valuable fertilizer when 
 properly applied to turnips and clover. No other kind of fertilizer has been introduced 
 to any extent in this district. 
 
 WEST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland counties very little of artificial fertilizers is reported as 
 being used. What is sown has been more of an experiment than anything else. This 
 holds true of all but salt and plaster, and the principal artificial manures outside of these 
 sown were mineral and bone superphosphates. The results were not satisfactory in the ma- 
 jority of instances, except where used on the root crops. Plaster has not been so exten- 
 sively used during the last year through this section as formerly, and where used has 
 been sown principally, as usual, on meadows and pastures. Regarding it, one corres- 
 pondent in Brantford township says : "The soils of Dumfries, Brantford, Burford and 
 adjoining townships, being chiefly light or loamy, very large quantities of land plaster are 
 used. The results for the season are reported as most satisfactory." Salt has been used 
 more extensively than ever through this section, though many correspondents complain 
 that the price has been raised 100 per cent., having the eflFect of preventing a more exten- 
 sive use of it. It has been used on wheat, barley and turnips especially. Many corres- 
 pondents discuss its effects. Almost all agree in affirming that the use of it brightens 
 and stiffens the straw, though many doubt its beneficial effect on the yield. The 
 results must depend greatly, of course, on the quantity of insoluble salts in the soil, and 
 will vary according to diversity of soils. All agree that it is coming into very general 
 use as a manure throughout this group of counties. But the great agent used through 
 them all for replenishing the soil is barnyard manure. The best cattle feeding counties 
 of Ontario are included in this group, and it is safe to say that in few other parts of the 
 Province is there as much steady manuring. The general plan reported is to use it on 
 fall wheat and roots, these being taken in regular rotation over all the fields. The fact 
 of a great many store cattle being bought up by the farmers themselves for stall feeding, 
 shows their appreciation of the value of manuring. One of our correspondents in Wel- 
 lington writes as follows : " A pretty advanced system of farming is generally followed 
 in this section, consequently great attention is paid to making and applying manure. 
 Our farmers are quite alive to the close relation that exists between heavy manuring and 
 successful farming. Plaster is not nearly so much used now as it was some years ago. 
 Salt is very much used on spring wheat, barley and roots— its cost being returned five 
 times over. Phosphates have been used a good deal as an experiment, but rarely with 
 satisfactory results. In my own experience I never got my money back but once. I 
 have now come most decidedly to the opinion that the most profitable manufactory for 
 manure is on the farm where it is used ; that there is nothing like plenty of beef and 
 mutton to the acre." 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO COUNTIES. 
 
 The great value of manuring land is recogaized, as it should be, throughout the Lake 
 Ontario counties. As to this, a Lincoln correspondent writes : " Farmers are wakening 
 up very rapidly in regard to manuring the soil. About one-half use plaster ; few, if any, 
 use salt ; but a goodly number employ Boston and Guelph' phosphates on fall wheat and all 
 spring crops, with the most satisfactory results— in some instances increasing the yield 
 fifty per cent." The majority of the farmers, however, use barnyard manure only. This is 
 true of Wentworth also, but one report from Ancaster says : "Plaster is used principally on 
 grass, salt on sandy land, phosphates only on turnips ; but in all cases with good effect." 
 
38 
 
 An Esquesing farmer, who may be permitted to speak for the county of Halton, says : 
 "Barnyard manure is with most the only fertilizer. A few use salt and plaster, mostly 
 on grass and root crops, with very beneficial results." The reports from Peel may thus 
 be summai'ized : " Generally speaking, the land is enriched by the produce of the barnyard 
 manure alone, which is put on the fallows in rotation. Salt on fall wheat brightens the 
 grain and stiffens the straw, and renders it less liable to rust. Plaster and phosphates, 
 which were extensively employed some years ago, are scarcely used now at all. Plaster 
 in meadows has been found to increase the quantity of clover one-fourth. Mixed salt and 
 plaster have been sown at the rate of 150 pounds to the acre on barley and spring wheat 
 with good results. Phosphates are too dear to use profitably." In the county of York 
 manure from the barnyard and from Toronto stables stands first, with salt a strong 
 second, plaster third, and phosphates last. Of phosphates, one farmer writes : " Very 
 little is used. One year I spread 1,100 pounds on three acres of turnips, and sowed 
 turnip seed four times, but had no crop, and a very poor crop for three years after." A 
 Markham farmer thus states his experience : " Salt is used a good deal on low land, par- 
 ticularly for barley, wheat and roots. Last spring orders for eight or ten car-loads were 
 given to a dealer, but before it was contracted for a combination was formed at the wells 
 and the price of salt went up. As a consequence not much was purchased, as the farmers 
 were not willing to pay the price." A Whitchurch correspondent says: "There was 
 but little salt used last spring. The protection placed on it at the close of last Session 
 caused a rise of nearly two dollars a ton just at seeding time, and the consequence was 
 we kept our money and the manufacturers kept the salt." In the county of Ontario 
 barnyard manure and salt are chiefly used ; the latter has been found to prevent grain 
 from rusting. In Durham, after barnyard manure, the farmers prefer salt. Plaster is 
 still used, but phosphates are no longer popular. A Northumberland farmer says : 
 " Barnyard manure is employed on all farms, and is mostly depended upon. Plaster and 
 salt are used, but not much phosphate. Plaster is applied to corn, pastures, clover, and 
 sometimes to peas and other crops. Salt is mostly used on barley, but sometimes on 
 wheat and roots. The results are various — sometimes very beneficial and at others there 
 is no perceptible advantage." Another farmer's opinion is that " the effects of salt are 
 good, drawing moisture during dry weather, the straw growing stronger and the grain 
 filling better." One farmer mentions the neglect with which some manures are treated. 
 " They are allowed," he says, " to bleach too long and waste the liquid and urine." The 
 reports from Prince Edward and Lennox and Addington add nothing to the above stock 
 of information. 
 
 ST. LAWEENCE AND OTTAWA COUNTIES. 
 
 The majority of the reports from this district indicate that increasing attention is 
 being paid to the preservation and use of barnyard manures, but that other fertilizers are 
 rather sparingly used. In the older settled townships plaster is occasionally applied to 
 root crops, corn and clover, with almost invariably good results. To quote the words of 
 a correspondent in Clarendon (Prontenac county) : "The only fertilizer that is generally 
 used is barnyard manure ; and to speak truthfully, I don't think our farmers give much 
 attention to the varying requirements of the different crops, but put the manure on in a 
 happy-go-lucky, hope-for-a-good-crop style, and take no note of results." In nearly every 
 instance in which plaster is reported as having been tried, the result has been satisfactory ; 
 but a correspondent in Yonge (Leeds county) relates a different experience : " I used some 
 Grand River gypsum on corn this season. I applied it after the first hoeing, but it has 
 never dissolved. Take off the last hoeing and it is there, dry. Take it in your hand and 
 it appears as when first sowed." In view of the unvarying success reported by other 
 correspondents in the use of plaster, it would seem that the failure of the experiment in 
 this case was due to the use of an inferior article. A similar experience, and probably 
 from the same cause, is recorded by a correspondent in Drummond (Lanark county) with 
 ' regard to phosphates. He says : " I sowed two barrels of phosphates on wheat. It was 
 not worth anything, and I could not tell any difference on the wheat." Salt is not much 
 used in this district, but it seems to be increasing in favour. A correspondent in Ramsay 
 (Lanark county) says : " My own opinion is, that ploughing under green crops, such as 
 
39 
 
 buckwheat, is the cheapest method of bringing up ■worn-out lands. Salt ia almost the 
 only other fertilizer used — principally on wheat, and with good results." 
 
 EAST MIDLAND COUNTIES. 
 
 The preservation and application of barnyard manure is not sufficiently attended to, 
 according to the accounts of our correspondents, throughout the greater part of the East 
 Midland counties. It is, however, very generally used on the summer fallows and root 
 crops, as well as a top dressing for meadows in* some sections. Throughout the northern 
 portions of Victoria, Peterboro' and Hastings, correspondents complain of the carelessness 
 with which the manure is either left in the barnyard, or spread over the land promis- 
 cuously in the fall. There is not as much plaster used in this section as in the most of 
 the western and central parts of the Province. Where used it is put on clover and 
 meadows, and is in some of the townships used rather fredy on peas. Salt is pretty 
 extensively used, though all agree in saying not so extensively as last year. The same 
 discussion as to its effects is carried on as in other sections. The -majority claim that it 
 at least brightens and stiffens the straw, whilst a great many claim, too, that it makes the 
 grain plumper. It has been used principally as a top dressing for wheat and barley in 
 this section. One of our correspondents in Peterboro' puts the matter thus : " Salt has 
 been largely used for the past three years, and applied to barley and wheat. A great 
 difference of opinion exists with regard to the effects produced. Some say they cannot 
 notice any difference in the crop when sown ; others say just the opposite. I think the 
 quality of the land has a great deal to do with it — heavy clay seeming to be the most 
 benefited." Phosphates or other artificial manures do not seem to be at all used in the 
 East Midland counties. 
 
 THE NOETHBESr DISTRICTS. 
 
 In the Muskoka, Algoma and Parry Sound region barnyard manure is the only 
 fertiKzer used, and farmers are giving more attention to saving and properly applying it 
 to the soil. Salt and plaster have been used in a few localities, and with improved ship- 
 ping facilities they will be more generally introduced. No experiments with pho^phateg 
 are reported. 
 
STATISTICS OF GEAIN, ROOTS, LIVE 
 
 WHEAT, BARLEY, OATS, EYE, 
 
 Table No. I. — Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the Acreage 
 Ontario, as returned 31st May, 1882 ; together with the Produce of each kind 
 
 
 Tall Wheat. 
 
 Speinq Wheat. 
 
 Baklet. 
 
 Cats. 
 
 COUNTIBS. 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 ■1 
 
 Lake Beie Codnties : 
 
 39303 
 59858 
 52158 
 34476 
 34946 
 27983 
 
 903969 
 1556308 
 1460624 
 ■896376 
 733866 
 447728 
 
 923 
 510 
 175 
 162 
 k 1227 
 606 
 
 14768 
 7650 
 3150 
 2268 
 
 14724 
 9090 
 
 1371 
 7384 
 5652 
 6913 
 19079 
 4108 
 
 39759 
 221520 
 163908 
 200471 
 381580 
 
 78052 
 
 24417 
 27982 
 32655 
 26253 
 19915 
 19209 
 
 805761 
 
 Kent 
 
 1175244 
 
 Elgin 
 
 1208235- 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 840096 
 
 
 657195^ 
 
 WeUaud .' 
 
 499434 
 
 Totals 
 
 248724 
 
 5998871 
 
 3603 
 
 51650 
 
 44507 
 
 1085290 
 
 150431 
 
 518596^ 
 
 
 
 Lake Hubon Counties : 
 
 39773 
 91067 
 66202 
 
 954552 
 2640943 
 ] 98606(1 
 
 4335 
 18004 
 10992 
 
 56355 
 234052 
 142896 
 
 1 
 
 18731 
 27352 
 19157 
 
 430831 
 847912 
 574710 
 
 32296 
 60123 
 49515 
 
 1033472 
 
 TTiir^n , , , 
 
 2284674 
 
 'Bruce 
 
 1732990 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 197042 5581555 
 
 33331 
 
 43.3303 
 
 65240 
 
 1853453 
 
 141934 
 
 5051136 
 
 
 
 Gbokgian Bat Counties : 
 
 Grey 
 
 50277 
 66719 
 
 116996 
 
 1508310 
 2068289 
 
 3576599 
 
 51366 
 37118 
 
 770490 
 593888 
 
 28431 
 28177 
 
 7960681 
 7889561 
 
 73112 
 
 48448 
 
 2705144 
 
 Rimnnft 
 
 1 6472.'i2 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 88484 
 
 1364378 
 
 56608 
 
 1585024 
 
 121560 
 
 4352376 
 
 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 102282 
 49245 
 35790 
 60403 
 37517 
 45610 
 13185 
 
 2761614 
 1231125 
 
 930540 
 1691284 
 1012959 
 1368300 
 
 395550 
 
 1791 
 
 2982 
 873 
 
 9288 
 26595 
 
 5401 
 24883 
 
 32238 
 
 44730 
 
 13968 
 
 1.30032 
 
 398925 
 
 918171 
 
 348362 
 
 22018 
 22155 
 16260 
 23067 
 37829 
 18190 
 10430 
 
 594486 
 708960 
 504060 
 715077 
 1134870 
 582080 
 260750 
 
 64416 
 45072 
 17167 
 45301 
 56920 
 30795 
 23565 
 
 2318976 
 1667664 
 
 686680 
 1947943 
 2276800 
 1231800 
 
 754080^ 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Totals 
 
 344032 
 
 9391372 
 
 71813 
 
 1060072 
 
 149949 
 
 4500283 
 
 283236 
 
 10883943 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties : 
 
 25458 
 
 34605 
 
 26742 
 
 30636 
 
 52568 
 
 17014 
 
 4226 
 
 10556 
 
 4392 
 
 2886 
 
 661908 
 
 795915, 
 
 534840 
 
 765900 
 
 1419336 
 
 .510420 
 
 114102 
 
 285012 
 
 61488 
 
 54834 
 
 990 
 
 1238 
 
 2316 
 
 15467 
 
 26676 
 
 49164 
 
 42676 
 
 30482 
 
 5601 
 
 5734 
 
 180344 
 
 14850 
 
 14856 
 
 39372 
 
 262939 
 
 480168 
 
 835788 
 
 853520 
 
 518194 
 
 67212 
 
 120414 
 
 3207313, 
 
 5029 
 13643 
 14872 
 33572 
 58378 
 42750 
 46290 
 45094 
 47910 
 51868 
 
 150870 
 409290 
 475904 
 1175020 
 1809718 
 1282500 
 1481280 
 1307726 
 1006110 
 1400436 
 
 17106 
 28198 
 17762 
 24579 
 56108 
 41305 
 30573 
 23363 
 12093 
 20396 
 
 632922 
 
 1099722 
 
 692718 
 
 983160 
 
 2412644 
 
 1321760 
 
 1253493 
 
 747616 
 
 31441S 
 
 734256 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham ...... 
 
 
 
 Lennox and Addington . . . 
 
 Totals ... 
 
 209083 
 
 5203755 
 
 359406 
 
 10498854 
 
 271483 
 
 10192709 
 
 
STOCK, VALUES, EENT, WAGES, ETC. 
 
 PEAS, COEN AND BTTCKWHEAT. 
 
 under Fall Wheat, Spring Wheat, Barley, Oats, Rye, Peas, Corn and Buckwheat in 
 of Crop, based on Threshing Returns and the Reports of Correspondents. 
 
 Kte. 
 
 Peas. 
 
 CoESf. 
 
 Buckwheat. 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 m 
 
 J3 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 i'i 
 
 »• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <i 
 
 cq 
 
 <! 
 
 M 
 
 <! 
 
 cq 
 
 < 
 
 pq 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Bkie Counties : 
 
 312 
 
 6240 
 
 2017 
 
 44374 
 
 27088 
 
 2167040 
 
 245 
 
 4900 
 
 Essex. 
 
 398 
 
 11144 
 
 3328 
 
 76544 
 
 23390 
 
 1941379 
 
 623 
 
 13483 
 
 Kent. 
 
 1087 
 
 22807 
 
 8842 
 
 159156 
 
 15598 
 
 1201046 
 
 1017 
 
 22374 
 
 Elgin. 
 
 7907 
 
 150233 
 
 8080 
 
 177760 
 
 17152 
 
 1149184 
 
 4592 
 
 101024 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 2352 
 
 47040 
 
 12140 
 
 194240 
 
 2779 
 
 150066 
 
 411 
 
 10686 
 
 Haldimand. 
 
 888 
 
 14208 
 
 2914 
 
 29140 
 
 8315 
 
 315970 
 
 1524 
 
 22860 
 
 Welland. 
 
 12944 
 
 251672 
 
 37321 
 
 681214 
 
 94322 
 
 6924676 
 
 8412 
 
 175327 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Hubon Counties : 
 
 134 
 
 2680 
 
 4936 
 
 88848 
 
 8386 
 
 436072 
 
 354 
 
 7080 
 
 Lambton. 
 
 158 
 
 3160 
 
 24244 
 
 533368 
 
 1915 
 
 99580 
 
 197 
 
 3349 
 
 Huron. 
 
 493 
 
 9860 
 
 
 
 15700 
 
 32324 
 
 711128 
 
 365 
 
 18250 
 
 245 
 
 2940 
 
 Bruce. 
 
 785 
 
 61504 
 
 1333344 
 
 10666 
 
 553902 
 
 796 
 
 13369 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 G-EORGiAt, Bat Counties : 
 
 326 
 
 6520 
 
 40177 
 
 803540 
 
 335 
 
 17420 
 
 214 
 
 4280 
 
 Grey. 
 
 3547 
 
 85128 
 
 28336 
 68513 
 
 566720 
 1370260 
 
 768 
 
 42240 
 
 271 
 
 4607 
 
 ' Simooe. 
 
 3873 
 
 91648 
 
 1103 
 
 59660 
 
 485 
 
 8887 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 
 462 
 
 9240 
 
 15410 
 
 292790 
 
 12373 
 
 866110 
 
 386 
 
 6948 
 
 Middlesex. 
 
 ; 1730 
 
 25950 
 
 11440 
 
 251680 
 
 10644 
 
 670572 
 
 524 
 
 10480 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 1240 
 
 18600 
 
 7456 
 
 126752 
 
 6459 
 
 497343 
 
 646 
 
 16150 
 
 Brant. 
 
 122 
 
 2196 
 
 19998 
 
 439956 
 
 906 
 
 • 67950 
 
 24 
 
 408 
 
 Perth. 
 
 ' 1109 
 
 23289 
 
 34197 
 
 820728 
 
 461 
 
 • 23050 
 
 188 
 
 3760 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 ', • 745 
 
 14900 
 
 11325 
 
 249150 
 
 2493 
 
 186975 
 
 55 
 
 1100 
 
 Waterloo. 
 
 ; : 1463 
 
 29260 
 
 10687 
 
 181679 
 
 53 
 
 2756 
 
 31 
 
 496 
 
 Dufferin. 
 
 l:;.' 6871 
 
 123435 
 
 110513 
 
 2362735 
 
 33389 
 
 2314756 
 
 1854 
 
 39342 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Ontakio Counties : 
 
 760 
 
 11400 
 
 3448 
 
 55168 
 
 6322 
 
 347710 
 
 702 
 
 28080 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 1670 
 
 36740 
 
 8280 
 
 156940 
 
 6342 
 
 513702 
 
 826 
 
 22302 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 1272 
 
 21624 
 
 8382 
 
 176022 
 
 1585 
 
 95100 
 
 202 
 
 4444 
 
 Halton. 
 
 3708 
 
 81576 
 
 10382 
 
 207640 
 
 462 
 
 23100 
 
 257 
 
 3855 
 
 Peel. 
 
 3418 
 
 61524 
 
 23760 
 
 475200 
 
 1930 
 
 119660 
 
 211 
 
 4220 
 
 York. 
 
 - 5581 
 
 117201 
 
 25208 
 
 4285361 
 
 3343 
 
 213952 
 
 365 
 
 8030 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 9332 
 
 167976 
 
 26520 
 
 530400 
 
 2418 
 
 145080 
 
 543 
 
 14661 
 
 Durham. 
 
 16917 
 
 238755 
 
 21328 
 
 298592 
 
 3915 
 
 227070 
 
 2427 
 
 53394 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 9459 
 
 122976 
 
 3874 
 
 42614 
 
 9169 
 
 385098 
 
 3188 
 
 38256 
 
 Prince Edward. 
 
 8814 
 
 132210 
 
 8852 
 
 185892 
 
 3856 
 
 173520 
 2243992 
 
 1778 
 
 64008 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 59931 
 
 991982 
 
 140034 
 
 2557004 
 
 39342 
 
 10499 
 
 241250 
 
 Totals. 
 
42 
 
 Table No. I. — Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the Acreage 
 Ontario, as returned 31st May, 1882 ; together with the Produce of each kind of 
 
 
 Fall Wheat. 
 1 
 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 m 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 St. Laweenob and Ottawa 
 Counties : 
 
 3312 
 
 10212 
 
 3880 
 
 2155 
 
 2362 
 
 388 
 
 515 
 
 4552 
 
 2977 
 
 6313 
 
 69552 
 
 194028 
 
 73720 
 
 38790 
 
 35430 
 
 3880 
 
 10300 
 
 63728 
 
 47632 
 
 113634 
 
 7510 
 
 11915 
 
 3516 
 
 3942 
 
 7132 
 
 7911 
 
 3454 
 
 25586 
 
 24294 
 
 13087 
 
 142690 
 
 214470 
 
 56256 
 
 63072 
 
 99848 
 
 94932 
 
 55264 
 
 358201 
 
 437294 
 
 248653 
 
 26381 
 14610 
 9887 
 3572 
 2516 
 1449 
 931 
 6759 
 1230 
 2131 
 
 791430 
 
 394470 
 
 355932 
 
 103588 
 
 55352 
 
 26082 
 
 20482 
 
 202770 
 
 36900 
 
 61799 
 
 27053 
 57085 
 25561 
 25137 
 30454 
 21832 
 333 
 52333 
 30215 
 28231 
 
 919802 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 1883805 
 1022440 
 
 Stormont 
 
 G-lensfarrv 
 
 930069 
 1063890 
 
 Presoott 
 
 Hussell 
 
 502136 
 5661 
 
 Carleton^ 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 2145653 
 1208600 
 1185702 
 
 Totals 
 
 36666 
 
 650694 
 
 ■ 108347 
 
 1770680 
 
 69466 
 
 2048805 
 
 298234 
 
 10867758 
 
 
 
 East Midland Counties : 
 Victoria 
 
 10568 
 
 11358 
 
 240 
 
 12831 
 
 274768 
 
 306666 
 
 3840 
 
 243789 
 
 43732 
 
 27106 
 
 1957 
 
 13072 
 
 780696 
 
 352388 
 
 21527 
 
 261440 
 
 31579 
 
 14702 
 
 293 
 
 .55698 
 
 844633 
 
 426358 
 
 5860 
 
 1404846 
 
 30676 
 
 24168 
 
 4646 
 
 3^185 
 
 1104336 
 821712 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 92920 
 1115550 
 
 Totals 
 
 34997 
 
 829063 
 
 85867 
 
 1416051 
 
 102272 
 
 2681697 
 
 96675 
 
 3134518 
 
 
 
 Northern Districts : 
 
 Algoma 
 
 817 
 98 
 65 
 
 20425 
 1568 
 1300 
 
 11885 
 1627 
 1516 
 
 309010 
 29286 
 24256 
 
 385 
 424 
 360 
 
 11465 
 
 10176 
 
 9360 
 
 2315 
 6700 
 2847 
 
 92600 
 
 IVTuskoka 
 
 234500 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 102492 
 
 Totals 
 
 980 
 
 23293 
 
 15028 
 
 362552 
 
 1169 
 
 31001 
 
 11862 
 
 429592 
 
 
 
 SUMMARY OF RETURNS 
 
 Lake Erie Counties 
 
 Lake Huron Counties 
 
 GrEpBQIAN BaT OoUNTIBS ... . 
 
 West Midland Counties . . . 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa ) 
 
 Counties j 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 Totals 
 
 248724 
 197042 
 116996 
 344032 
 209083 
 
 5998871 
 5581555 
 3576599 
 9391372 
 5203755 
 
 3603 
 
 33331 
 
 88484 
 
 71813 
 
 180344 
 
 51650 
 
 433303 
 
 1364378 
 
 1060072 
 
 3207313 
 
 44507 
 
 65240 
 
 56608 
 
 149949 
 
 359406 
 
 1085290 
 1853453 
 
 1585024 
 
 4500283 
 
 10498854 
 
 150431 
 141934 
 121560 
 283236 
 271483 
 
 36666 
 
 650694 
 
 108347 
 
 1770680 
 
 69466 
 
 2048805 
 
 298234 
 
 34997 
 980 
 
 829063 
 23293 
 
 85867 
 15028 
 
 1416051 
 362552 
 
 102272 
 1169 
 
 2681697 
 31001 
 
 96675 
 11862 
 
 1188520 
 
 31255202 
 
 586817 
 
 9665999 
 
 848617 
 
 24284407 
 
 1375415 
 
 5185965 
 
 5051136 
 
 4352376 
 
 10883943 
 
 10192709 
 
 10867758 
 
 3134518 
 429592 
 
 50097997 
 
43 
 
 under Fall Wheat, Spring Wheat, Barley, Oats, Rye, Peas, Com and Buckwheat in 
 Crop, based on Threshing Returns and the Reports of Correspondents — Continued. 
 
 Eye. 
 
 Peas. 
 
 COKN. 
 
 Buckwheat. 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 S 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 S 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 ^ * 
 
 0) 
 
 ,a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 pa 
 
 
 <i 
 
 w 
 
 < 
 
 w 
 
 <! 
 
 « . 
 
 <! 
 
 «• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Laweenoe and Ottawa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Counties : 
 
 7676 
 
 153520 
 
 12580 
 
 251600 
 
 2307 
 
 115350 
 
 1434 
 
 40152 
 
 Frontenac. 
 
 16893 
 
 337860 
 
 6246 
 
 124920 
 
 5830 
 
 303160 
 
 4905 
 
 137340 
 
 Leeds and Granville. 
 
 1991 
 
 53751 
 
 1658 
 
 36476 
 
 1663 
 
 94791 
 
 976 
 
 31232 
 
 Dundas. 
 
 1100 
 
 22000 
 
 2780 
 
 55600 
 
 1847 
 
 92350 
 
 2372 
 
 59300 
 
 Stormont. 
 
 145 
 
 1450 
 
 8102 
 
 137734 
 
 1054 
 
 31620 
 
 1764 
 
 54684 
 
 Glengarry. 
 
 352 
 
 3520 
 
 14118 
 
 127062 
 
 1620 
 
 45360 
 
 1586 
 
 22204 
 
 Prescott. 
 
 4038 
 
 81760 
 
 475 
 
 19000 
 
 644 
 
 19320 
 
 195 
 
 4290 
 
 Russell. 
 
 13787 
 
 275740 
 
 13716 
 
 288036 
 
 1316 
 
 55272 
 
 3034 
 
 69782 
 
 Carleton. 
 
 9792 
 
 225216 
 
 16156 
 
 323120 
 
 712 
 
 46280 
 
 988 
 
 23712 
 
 Renfrew. 
 
 13862 
 
 287322 
 
 9778 
 85609 
 
 254228 
 1617776 
 
 1929 
 
 81018 
 
 6269 
 
 206877 
 
 Lanark. 
 
 69686 
 
 1442139 
 
 18922 
 
 884521 
 
 23523 
 
 649573 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Midland Counties : 
 
 1848' 33264 
 
 14529 
 
 290580 
 
 504 
 
 35280 
 
 303 
 
 6060 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 4458 80244 
 
 13209 
 
 264180 
 
 290 
 
 15370 
 
 404 
 
 8080 
 
 Peterborough. 
 
 401 
 
 6817 
 
 1452 
 
 21780 
 
 207 
 
 10143 
 
 321 
 
 3210 
 
 Haliburton. 
 
 27424 
 
 493632 
 
 18886 
 
 302176 
 
 7842 
 
 368574 
 
 2635 
 
 92225 
 
 Hastings. 
 
 34131 613957 
 
 48076 
 
 8?8716 
 
 8843 
 
 429367 
 
 3663 
 
 109576 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Noethben Districts : 
 
 105 
 
 1575 
 
 2658 
 
 79740 
 
 38 
 
 1140 
 
 21 
 
 630 
 
 Algoma. 
 
 369 
 
 11070 
 
 1993 
 
 43846 
 
 261 
 
 7830 
 
 273 
 
 8190 
 
 Muskoka. 
 
 336 
 
 6720 
 
 936 
 
 18720 
 
 38 
 
 1140 
 
 60 
 
 1800 
 
 Parry Sound. 
 
 810 
 
 19365 
 
 5587 
 
 142306 
 
 337 
 
 10110 
 
 354 
 
 10620 
 
 Totals. 
 
 BY COUNTY GROUPS. 
 
 12944 
 
 251672 
 
 37321 
 
 681214 
 
 94322 
 
 6924676 
 
 8412 
 
 175327 
 
 Lake Eeie Counties. 
 
 785 
 
 15700 
 
 61504 
 
 1333344, 
 
 10666 
 
 55.3902 
 
 796 
 
 13369 
 
 Lake Hukon Counties. 
 
 3873 
 
 91648 
 
 68513 
 
 1370260 
 
 1103 
 
 59660 
 
 485 
 
 8887 
 
 Geoegian Bat Counties. 
 
 6871 
 
 123435 
 
 110513 
 
 2362735 
 
 33389' 23147561 
 
 1854 
 
 39342 
 
 West Midland Counties. 
 
 59931 
 
 991982 
 
 140034 
 
 2557004 
 
 39342 
 
 22439921 
 
 10499 
 
 241250 
 
 Lake Ontaeio" Counties. 
 
 69686 
 
 1442139 
 
 85609 
 
 1617776 
 
 18922 
 
 884521 
 
 23523 
 
 649S73 
 
 f St. Laweenoe and Ottawa 
 { Counties. 
 
 34131 
 
 613957 
 
 48076 
 
 878716 
 
 8843 
 
 429367 
 
 3663 
 
 109575 
 
 East Midland Counties. 
 
 810 
 
 19365 
 
 5587 
 
 142306 
 
 337 
 
 10110 
 
 354 
 
 10620 
 
 NoRTHEEK Districts. 
 
 189031 
 
 3549898 
 
 557157 
 
 10943355 
 
 206924 
 
 13420984 
 
 49586 
 
 1247943 
 
 Totals. 
 
44 
 
 BEANS, FLAX, 
 
 Table No. II. — Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the Acreage 
 
 in Ontario in 1882, and the Produce of each kind of 
 
 
 Beans. 
 
 Fla:^. 
 
 Hops. 
 
 1 
 
 To- 
 bacco. 
 
 Hat 
 
 AND ClOVEE. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 H 
 
 Lake Eeib Counties : 
 
 Essex 
 
 240 
 6807 
 
 952 
 1188 
 
 213 
 
 810 
 
 4560 
 
 129333 
 
 19040 
 
 27324 
 
 3621 
 11340 
 
 69 
 
 55 
 
 161 
 
 32 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 20 
 43 
 12 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 24 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 26518 
 39082 
 41145 
 33741 
 40610 
 40111 
 
 35518 
 
 Kent 
 
 ■ 53808 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk.: 
 
 51370 
 38410 
 44240 
 
 
 Welland 
 
 42850 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals... 
 
 10210 
 
 195218 
 
 344 
 
 121 
 
 28 
 
 221207 
 
 266196 
 
 Lake Hdeon Counties : 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 270 
 39 
 
 57 
 
 5130 
 
 741 
 
 1140 
 
 70 
 
 1068 
 
 198 
 
 15 
 168 
 1171 
 
 
 39526 
 71445 
 61746 
 
 47145 
 78403 
 64882 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Totals 
 
 3661 70111 
 
 1336 
 
 . 300 
 
 
 172717 
 
 190430 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 G-EOEOiAN Bat OouKtibs 
 
 , Grey 
 
 ^ Simcoe 
 
 156 
 62 
 
 1 
 
 2496 
 496 
 
 203 
 20 
 
 36 
 29 
 
 
 93429 
 60566 
 
 93217 
 70307 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 218 
 
 2992 
 
 223 
 
 65 
 
 
 153995 
 
 163524 
 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 464 
 276 
 952 
 65 
 13 
 32 
 16 
 
 8816 
 
 11040 
 
 15232 
 
 1300 
 
 260 
 
 640 
 
 320 
 
 368 
 
 505 
 
 37 
 
 1240 
 
 525 
 
 676 
 
 38 
 
 ! 38 
 
 '1 
 
 166 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 8! 
 
 7 
 
 78574 
 57306 
 29390 
 52310 
 65107 
 36115 
 27416 
 
 102454 
 74712 
 33112 
 65358 
 79199 
 42759 
 31326 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 
 Wellington 
 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 
 Totals ,.■ 
 
 1818 
 
 138 
 203 
 33 
 79 
 139 
 549 
 329 
 714 
 497 
 270 
 
 37608 
 
 2070 
 
 3045 
 
 405 
 
 1185 
 
 1390 
 
 9882 
 
 8883, 
 
 10710 
 
 10934, 
 
 5400] 
 
 3389 
 
 286 
 
 21 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 346218 
 
 428920 
 
 
 Lake Ontario CouimBS 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 85 
 
 59 
 
 24 
 
 48 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 257 
 
 28 
 35 
 32 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 6 
 
 ]94 
 
 281 
 
 24 
 
 33952 
 40416 
 28629 
 29111 
 59832 
 41326 
 33989 
 38215 
 21335 
 33232 
 
 38876 
 51913 
 3,5625 
 35095 
 76300 
 52662 
 38844 
 42925 
 22069 
 34488 
 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York.... 
 
 Ontario 
 
 
 Northumberland , 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Totals 
 
 2951 
 
 53994 
 
 616 
 
 2 
 
 360036 
 
 428687 
 
 
45 
 
 HAY, ROOTS, ETC. 
 
 under Beans, Meadow and Clover, Potatoes, Mangold Wurzels, Carrots and Turnips 
 Crop ; also the Acreage under Flax, Hops and Tobacco. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Mangold 
 Wdrzels. 
 
 Carbots. 
 
 Turnips. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 .a 
 
 3 
 
 n 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 2474 
 3400 
 3165 
 3862 
 1531 
 2723 
 
 316880 
 656200 
 300675 
 696060 
 168410 
 239514 
 
 103 
 233 
 188 
 104 
 89 
 161 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 56650 
 72230 
 70500 
 36400 
 19580 
 46690 
 
 24 
 103 
 125 
 84 
 44 
 73 
 
 7200 
 25750 
 31250 
 21000 
 
 70401 
 20005 
 
 200 
 253 
 358 
 558 
 63 
 183 
 
 79400 
 
 97851 
 
 143200 
 
 279000 
 
 13230 
 
 . 83070 
 
 Lake Ebie Cocnties : 
 
 Essex. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Elgin. 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Haldiinand. 
 
 WeUand. 
 
 171.55 
 
 2377739 
 
 878 
 
 302050 
 
 453 
 
 112245 
 
 1615 
 
 341 
 5498 
 3915 
 
 695751 
 
 Totals. 
 
 3150 
 5215 
 5042 
 
 315000 
 834400 
 403360 
 
 384 
 
 1145 
 
 491 
 
 153600 
 651650 
 225860 
 
 171 
 525 
 315 
 
 51300 
 237250 
 126000 
 
 119350 
 2529080 
 1624725 
 
 Lake Huron Counties : 
 
 Lambton. 
 
 Huron. 
 
 Bruce. 
 
 13407 
 
 1552760 
 
 2020 
 
 396 
 535 
 
 1031110 
 
 198000 
 240750 
 
 1011 
 
 4145.50 
 
 9754 
 
 4273155 
 
 Totals. 
 
 7536 
 6535 
 
 828960 
 588150 
 
 515 
 499 
 
 158650 
 212070 
 
 7000 
 2213 
 
 2870000 
 962625 
 
 Georgian Bat Counties : 
 
 Grey. 
 Simcoe. 
 
 I 
 
 14071 
 
 1417110 
 
 931 
 
 438750 
 
 1014 
 
 370720 
 
 9213 
 
 ,3832625 
 
 Totals. 
 
 6562 
 3660 
 2337 
 4225 
 S804 
 3114 
 2724 
 
 753060 
 512400 
 186960 
 507000 
 725500 
 404820 
 367740 
 
 930 
 856 
 205 
 1269 
 786 
 511 
 77 
 
 418500 
 599200 
 
 92250 
 653535 
 471600 
 370475 
 
 38500 
 
 384 
 344 
 226 
 497 
 261 
 336 
 129 
 
 144000 
 199520 
 113000 
 236075 
 12.5280 
 218400 
 51600 
 
 1646 
 4417 
 1648 
 4225 
 11149 
 4822 
 1836 
 
 691320 
 2650200 
 
 9718-10 
 2028000 
 6243440 
 2700320 
 
 918000 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 
 Middlesex. 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Brant. 
 
 Perth. 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 Waterloo. 
 
 Dufferin. 
 
 28426 
 
 3457480 
 
 4634 
 
 134 
 
 398 
 
 345 
 
 422 
 
 1770 
 
 1042 
 
 .469 
 
 352 
 
 94 
 
 40 
 
 2644060 
 
 56280 
 212930 
 167.325 
 232100 
 858450 
 312600 
 248570 
 197120 
 4700 
 8000 
 
 2177 
 
 1087875 
 
 29743 
 
 16203120 
 
 Totals. 
 
 X888 
 3602 
 1768 
 2628 
 8152 
 3964 
 3147 
 3797 
 2489 
 3682 
 
 141600 
 432240 
 121000 
 249660 
 652160 
 376580 
 503520 
 341730 
 124950 
 4602.50 
 
 104 
 223 
 129 
 395 
 927 
 542 
 .521 
 234 
 40 
 52 
 
 37440 
 
 89200 
 
 56760 
 
 207375 
 
 441075 
 
 94850 
 
 221240 
 
 105300 
 
 3000 
 
 22360 
 
 144 
 1612 
 1125 
 
 976 
 2461 
 8961 
 3746 
 1945 
 
 137 
 
 150 
 
 54020 
 
 765700 
 
 675000 
 
 468480 
 
 935180 
 
 246427B 
 
 1788350 
 
 447350 
 
 13700 
 
 45O00 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties : 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 Halton. 
 
 Peel. 
 
 York. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Durham. 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 Prince Edward. 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 35117 
 
 3403690 
 
 5066 
 
 2298075 
 
 3167 
 
 1278600 
 
 21257 
 
 765705E 
 
 Totals. 
 
46 
 
 Table No. II.— Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the Acreage 
 
 in Ontario in 1882, and the Produce of each kind of 
 
 
 Bbans. 
 
 Jt-ax. 
 
 Hops. 
 
 To- 
 
 BAOOO. 
 
 Hat 
 
 AND ClOVBB. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 ■••• 447 
 
 3 
 
 -17 
 25 
 
 6 
 28 
 
 5 
 44 
 31 
 
 i 
 
 < 
 
 < 
 
 1 , 
 
 St. Lawkbnoe ahd Ottawa OotiNTiBa : 
 
 456 
 430 
 188 
 107 
 118 
 712 
 195 
 422 
 517 
 360 
 
 13224 
 
 7740 
 
 5640 
 
 3210 
 
 3540 
 
 29904 
 
 4290 
 
 10128 
 
 10857 
 
 10800 
 
 8 
 50 
 68 
 45 
 
 2 
 43 
 105 
 28 
 79 
 18 
 
 
 55556 
 93048 
 27876 
 28247 
 32439 
 22158 
 13108 
 .50264 
 51849 
 49261 
 
 58183 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Oarleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 100227 
 35629 
 35010 
 40407 
 25104 
 14968 
 57125 
 44512 
 47489 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 3505 
 
 99333 
 
 446 
 
 606 
 
 423806 
 
 4586.54 
 
 East Midland Counties : 
 
 133 
 
 130 
 
 23 
 
 363 
 
 2394 
 
 2730 
 
 460 
 
 7260 
 
 91 
 17 
 12 
 28 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 28103 
 
 30689 
 
 9162 
 
 55404 
 
 31156 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 31833 
 
 Haliburtou 
 
 Hastings 
 
 8493 
 58009 
 
 Totals ... 
 
 649 
 
 12844 
 
 148 
 
 2 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 57 
 
 
 1233581 129491 
 
 
 
 
 NOBTHEKN DiSTEIOTS 
 
 4 
 44 
 22 
 
 52 
 572 
 286 
 
 
 
 6596 
 
 12004 
 
 59.53 
 
 6927 
 
 
 
 
 11751 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 
 
 6046 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 70 
 
 910 
 
 14 
 
 
 24553 
 
 24724 
 
 
 
 
 
 SUMMARY OF EETIJENS 
 
 Lake Ebie Counties 
 
 10210 
 
 366 
 
 218 
 
 1818 
 
 2951 
 
 3505 
 
 649 
 70 
 
 19,5218 
 
 7011 
 
 2992 
 
 37608 
 
 53994 
 
 99333 
 
 12844 
 910 
 
 344 
 1336 
 
 223 
 3389 
 
 2.57 
 
 446 
 
 148 
 14 
 
 121 
 300 
 65 
 286 
 616 
 
 606 
 
 57 
 
 28 
 
 2i 
 
 2 
 
 221207 
 172717 
 153995 
 346218 
 360036 
 
 423806 
 
 123358 
 24553 
 
 266196 
 190430 
 163524 
 428920 
 428687 
 
 458654 
 
 129491 
 24724 
 
 
 West Midland Counties 
 
 Lake Ontaeio Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa Counties . . 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 nobtheen distbiots 
 
 Totals 
 
 19787 
 
 409910 
 
 6157 
 
 2051 
 
 51 
 
 1825890 
 
 2090626 
 
 »M 
 
47 
 
 under Beans, Meadow and Clover, Potatoes, Mangold Wurzels, Carrots and Turnips 
 Crop; also the Acreage under Flax, Hops and Tobacco. — Continued. 
 
 POTATOBS. 
 
 Mangold | 
 
 WUKZELS. 
 
 Caerots. 
 
 Tdbnips. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 „■ 
 
 •3 
 
 » 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 » 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 < 
 
 n 
 
 ■< 
 
 M 
 
 <!■ 
 
 N 
 
 <! 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Lawbbnoe and Ottawa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Counties : 
 
 5013 
 
 501300 
 
 150 
 
 54750 
 
 153 
 
 35955 
 
 267 
 
 69420 
 
 Prontenac. 
 
 7560 
 
 680400 
 
 141 
 
 69090 
 
 117 
 
 46800 
 
 291 
 
 93120 
 
 Leeds and G-renville. 
 
 2647 
 
 381613 
 
 97 
 
 54805 
 
 51 
 
 25500 
 
 78 
 
 21860 
 
 Dundas. 
 
 2352 
 
 376320 
 
 39 
 
 22055 
 
 15 
 
 7500 
 
 37 
 
 8880 
 
 Stormont. 
 
 2749 
 
 392430 
 
 76 
 
 15200 
 
 27 
 
 4050 
 
 13 
 
 1950 
 
 Glengarry. 
 
 2505 
 
 105210 
 
 55 
 
 27500 
 
 47 
 
 10105 
 
 58 
 
 21750 
 
 Prescott. 
 
 1408 
 
 140800 
 
 52 
 
 9100 
 
 77 
 
 21175 
 
 143 
 
 35750 
 
 Eussell. 
 
 6217 
 
 795776 
 
 595 
 
 243950 
 
 594 
 
 228690 
 
 1235 
 
 481650 
 
 Carleton. 
 
 3512 
 
 649720 
 
 75 
 
 37500 
 
 99 
 
 43065 
 
 218 
 
 97010 
 
 Renfrew. 
 
 348'5 
 
 540175 
 
 152 
 
 86640 
 
 161 
 
 81305 
 
 265 
 
 111300 
 
 Lanark. 
 
 37448 
 
 4363744 
 
 1432 
 
 620590 
 
 1341 
 
 504145 
 
 2605 
 
 942690 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Midland Oountub : 
 
 2844 
 
 364032 
 
 394 
 
 236400 
 
 266 
 
 83790 
 
 2312 
 
 1051960 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 2466 
 
 283590 
 
 235 
 
 84600 
 
 343 
 
 109760 
 
 740 
 
 259000 
 
 Peterborough. 
 
 ■ 900 
 
 121500 
 
 8 
 
 3360 
 
 6 
 
 1740 
 
 306 
 
 61200 
 
 Haliburton. 
 
 6750 
 
 742500 
 
 167 
 
 47100 
 
 130 
 
 32500 
 
 498 
 
 82170 
 
 Hastings. ' 
 
 12960 
 
 1511622 
 
 794 
 
 371460 
 
 745 
 
 227790 
 
 3856 
 
 1464330 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NoRTHBEN Districts ; 
 
 540 
 
 156900 
 
 14 
 
 1750 
 
 6 
 
 1200 
 
 194 
 
 99910 
 
 Algoma. 
 
 1020 
 
 137700 
 
 11 
 
 1925 
 
 31 
 
 10850 
 
 383 
 
 139795 
 
 Muskoka. 
 
 556 
 
 83400 
 
 11 
 
 1650 
 
 10 
 
 47 
 
 2000 
 14050 
 
 203 
 
 60900 
 
 • Parry Sound. 
 
 2116 
 
 348000 
 
 36 
 
 5325 
 
 780 
 
 300605 
 
 Totals. 
 
 BY COUNTY GEOUPS. 
 
 17155 
 
 2377739, 
 
 878 302050 
 
 453 
 
 112245 
 
 1615 
 
 696761 
 
 Lake Erie Counties. 
 
 13407 
 
 1552760 
 
 2020 1031110 
 
 1011 
 
 414.550 
 
 9754 
 
 4273156 
 
 Lake Hceon Counties. 
 
 14071 
 
 1417110 
 
 931 
 
 438750 
 
 1014 
 
 370720 
 
 9213 
 
 3832626 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties. 
 
 28426 
 
 3457480 
 
 4634 
 
 2644060 
 
 2177 
 
 1087875 
 
 29743 
 
 16203120 
 
 West Midland Counties. 
 
 35U7 
 
 3403690 
 
 5066 
 
 2298075 
 
 3167 
 
 1278600 
 
 21257 
 
 7657055 
 
 Lake Ontaeio Counties. 
 
 37448 
 
 4363744 
 
 1432 
 
 620590 
 
 1341 
 
 604145 
 
 2605 
 
 942690 
 
 ( St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 ( Counties. 
 
 12960 
 
 1511622 
 
 794 
 
 371460 
 
 745 
 
 227790 
 
 3856 
 
 1454330 
 
 East Midland Counties. 
 
 2116 
 
 348000 
 18432145 
 
 36 
 
 5325 
 
 47 
 9955 
 
 14050 
 4009975 
 
 780 
 
 300606 
 
 Northern Districts. 
 
 160700 
 
 15791 
 
 7711420 
 
 78823 
 
 35369331 
 
 Totals. 
 
48 
 
 LIVE 
 
 * 
 Table No. III. — Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the Number 
 
 and Poultry in Ontario, as returned for Farms 
 
 
 No. op Hobses. 
 
 1 
 
 g 
 § 
 
 1 
 
 Gbade and Native 
 Cattle. 
 
 Totals of 
 
 Oattle. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1 W 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 « 
 
 ID 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 bo 
 
 c 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1. 
 
 Si 
 ■Spq 
 
 11 
 
 Lake Erie Counties : 
 
 Essex" 
 
 7309 
 9574 
 8695 
 7448 
 5787 
 5625 
 
 1791 
 1990 
 1702 
 1346 
 1368 
 932 
 
 2652 
 2740 
 2542 
 2221 
 1900 
 1489 
 
 434 
 550 
 498 
 724 
 490 
 281 
 
 253 
 
 96Kn 
 
 4633 
 8622 
 9730 
 4016 
 3816 
 2597 
 
 10292 
 17656 
 18432 
 11350 
 9952 
 65.54 
 
 9742 
 17035 
 17281 
 13990 
 10185 
 
 7680 
 
 26292 
 43949 
 46167 
 30260 
 24424 
 17133 
 
 Kent , 
 
 161 Ififlfin 
 
 Elgin 
 
 277 
 
 348 
 
 75 
 
 156 
 
 17210 
 
 13812 
 
 10092 
 
 7545 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Wellaud 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 44438 
 
 9129 
 
 13544 
 
 2977 
 
 1270 
 
 75299 
 
 33413 
 
 74256 
 
 75913 
 
 187216 
 
 Lake Hubon Counties : 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron , 
 
 7518 
 14162 
 10808 
 
 1566 
 3440 
 2317 
 
 2397 
 4882 
 3036 
 
 660 
 983 
 699 
 
 35 
 497 
 847 
 
 15689 
 26617 
 21998 
 
 11145 
 17504 
 11364 
 
 20262 
 36303 
 26405 
 
 15787 
 26666 
 22082 
 
 47791 
 81804 
 61313 
 
 Bruce 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 32488 
 
 7323 
 
 insi.i; 
 
 2342 
 
 1379 
 
 64204 
 
 40013 
 
 82970 
 
 64635 
 
 190908 
 
 
 ' 1 
 
 G-EOBsiAN Bay Counties : 
 Grey 
 
 15212 
 13242 
 
 3100 
 2981 
 
 4004 
 3940 
 
 678 
 794 
 
 2479 
 852 
 
 28432 
 20814 
 
 16669 
 10174 
 
 36078 
 23092 
 
 28526 
 
 84336 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 28454 
 
 6081 
 
 7944 
 
 1472 
 
 1468 
 913 
 628 
 551 
 
 1424 
 754 
 184 
 
 3331 
 
 49246 
 
 26843 
 
 59170 
 
 49513 
 
 140062 
 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 Middlesex j 
 
 15826 
 
 10936 
 
 5513 
 
 10440 
 
 12516 
 
 7554 
 
 4912 
 
 3568 
 2306 
 1141 
 2403 
 2864 
 1630 
 1006 
 
 4349 
 3352 
 1547 
 3170 
 3486 
 2104 
 1290 
 
 96 
 96 
 30 
 214 
 .567 
 156 
 378 
 
 33132 
 29834 
 
 9198 
 21960 
 21599 
 12495 
 
 8427 
 
 24340 
 
 10634 
 
 3418 
 
 10780 
 
 13125 
 
 4653 
 
 4862 
 
 37412 
 20756 
 8585 
 27225 
 29466 
 14247 
 10707 
 
 33368 
 30056 
 
 9444 
 22038 
 21809 
 12655 
 
 8452 
 
 96448 
 62233 
 21859 
 60730 
 66181 
 32305 
 24548 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Dufiferin 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 67697 
 
 14918 
 
 19298 
 
 5922 
 
 1537 
 
 136645 
 
 71802 
 
 148398 
 
 137822 
 
 364304 
 
 Lake Ontabio Counties : 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 5276 
 7426 
 5318 
 6781 
 14254 
 10545 
 8646 
 9515 
 5924 
 6808 
 
 1020 
 1433 
 
 970 
 1499 
 3582 
 2577 
 1835 
 1373 
 1Q34 
 
 986 
 
 1440 
 1853 
 1222 
 2003 
 4227 
 3268 
 2492 
 2070 
 1682 
 1776 
 
 340 
 486 
 529 
 652 
 948 
 847 
 669 
 538 
 376 
 32« 
 
 92 
 247 
 266 
 
 46 
 146 
 149 
 
 99 
 292 
 
 46 
 464 
 
 7360 
 11850 
 
 8408 
 
 9752 
 1893] 
 14888 
 12126 
 14956 
 
 8507 
 12042 
 
 2468 
 3378 
 4076 
 4533 
 6189 
 7191 
 6706 
 4842 
 1503 
 4071 
 
 6004 
 
 10007 
 
 9073 
 
 9288 
 
 14191 
 
 19600 
 
 13901 
 
 11173 
 
 4295 
 
 7624 
 
 7433 
 11934 
 
 8512 
 
 9838 
 19154 
 16037 
 12216 
 15029 
 
 8619 
 12086 
 
 16254 
 25968 
 22351 
 24171 
 40405 
 42675 
 32490 
 31801 
 14726 
 24417 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Totals 
 
 80493 
 
 16309 
 
 22033 
 
 6600 
 
 1837 
 
 118819 
 
 43946 
 
 106056 
 
 119858 
 
 276258 
 
 
49 
 
 STOCK. 
 
 of Horses, Thoroughbred, Grade and Native Cattle, Coarse and Fine-woolled Sheep,' Pigs 
 of five acres and upwards on 31st May, 1882. 
 
 Shbbp. 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 POTJLTET. 
 
 
 1 
 Coarse- 1 Fine- 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 WooUed. 
 
 WooUed. r 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 0) 
 
 S. 
 
 PR 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 
 
 -a 
 
 
 ■S 
 
 <u 
 
 
 § 
 
 Si 
 
 'i 
 
 i 
 
 , y I 
 
 rH 
 
 H 
 
 CS 
 
 ■§ 
 
 
 m > 
 
 
 c > 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 "S 
 
 •s 
 
 "o 
 
 
 ^O 
 
 drH 
 
 ^o 
 
 arH 
 
 >) 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 -H 
 
 1= 
 
 r-\ 
 
 1= 
 
 tA 
 
 |3 
 
 125 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake,Ebie Counties : 
 
 11248 7503 
 
 1393 
 
 980 
 
 10368 
 
 26230 
 
 4825 
 
 14550 
 
 107645 
 
 Essex. 
 
 20742 13484 
 
 3382 
 
 2343 
 
 10062 
 
 26000 
 
 10359 
 
 19858 126480 
 
 Kent. 
 
 26237 
 
 19002' 3015 
 
 2178 
 
 7720 
 
 23282 
 
 6637 
 
 11972 111625 
 
 Elgin. 
 
 16955 
 
 13015' 3810 
 
 2900 
 
 4917 
 
 19585 
 
 .3943 
 
 9707 117790 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 17255 
 
 12848 
 
 3474 
 
 2982 
 
 3377 
 
 12451 
 
 6445 
 
 83901 80687 
 
 Haldimand. 
 
 11059 
 
 7496 
 
 2666 
 
 2104 
 
 2582 
 
 10178 
 
 6415 
 
 68201 80026 
 
 Welland. 
 
 103496 
 
 73348 
 
 17740 
 
 13487 
 
 39026 
 
 117726 
 
 38624 
 
 71297 1 624253 
 
 Totals. ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5358 
 
 ! 
 
 Lake Hukon Counties : 
 
 27408 
 
 21278 3957 
 
 3135 
 
 4636 
 
 12448 
 
 11833 93346 
 
 Lambton. 
 
 46215 
 
 37108 
 
 7431 
 
 5646 
 
 9717 
 
 19552 
 
 8901 
 
 25500 210700 
 
 Huron. 
 
 ^ 39756 
 
 31620 
 
 7357 
 
 5972 
 
 8946 
 
 18742 
 
 5897 
 
 18628 154294 
 
 Bruce. 
 
 113379 
 
 . 90006 
 
 18745 
 
 14753 
 
 23299 
 
 50742 
 
 20156 
 
 55961 
 
 458240 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '■ 
 
 
 
 Gbobgian Bat Counties r 
 
 64788 
 
 426511 11671 
 
 9100 
 
 13332 
 
 23667 
 
 9104 
 
 23233 
 
 199076 
 
 Orey. 
 
 35962 
 
 24624 
 
 5654 
 
 4020. 
 
 13030 
 
 28025 
 
 11409 
 
 27252 169870 
 
 Simcoe. 
 
 90750 
 
 67275 
 
 17325 
 
 13120 
 
 26362 
 
 51692 
 
 20513 
 
 50485 
 
 368946 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 West Midland Counties : 
 
 47002 
 
 33480 
 
 5762 
 
 4372 
 
 10360 
 
 29096 
 
 18090 
 
 27286 
 
 229276 
 
 Middlesex. 
 
 26580 
 
 20488 
 
 2896 
 
 2132 
 
 6864 
 
 23816 
 
 7838 
 
 9900 
 
 143324 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 17352 12533 
 
 2637 
 
 1945 
 
 2931 
 
 12072 
 
 5814 
 
 5818, 69574 
 
 Brant. 
 
 33945 
 
 28786 
 
 5974 
 
 4200 
 
 7475 
 
 16751 
 
 8148, 212041 147883 
 
 Perth. 
 
 44992 
 
 32782 
 
 5432 
 
 3891 
 
 8060 
 
 23391 
 
 8046 
 
 20120 
 
 160684 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 22505 
 
 16378 
 
 3378 
 
 2721 
 
 2752 
 
 12184 
 
 1918 
 
 6112 
 
 100960 
 
 Waterloo. 
 
 14906 
 
 11119 
 
 2873 
 
 [ 2001 
 
 4630 
 
 9831 
 
 4886 
 
 10552 
 
 66377 
 
 Dufferin. 
 
 207282 
 
 157566 
 
 28952 
 
 21262 
 
 43072 
 
 127141 
 
 54742 
 
 100992 
 
 918078 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake Ontabio Counties ^ 
 
 10044 
 
 6686 
 
 2.356 
 
 1548 
 
 2586 
 
 9954 
 
 5254; 5532 
 
 66£il8 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 16205 
 
 110301 2169 
 
 1622 
 
 3387 
 
 15409 
 
 4767 
 
 8316 
 
 87103 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 12703 8829 
 
 1.355 
 
 1186 
 
 2382 
 
 10183 
 
 693( 
 
 9143 
 
 69425 
 
 Halton. 
 
 16686 
 
 11668 
 
 1635 
 
 1124 
 
 4046 
 
 13405 
 
 12095 
 
 16178 
 
 88588 
 
 Peel. 
 
 1 29810 
 
 18702 
 
 4156 
 
 3193 
 
 7117 
 
 28426 
 
 11095 
 
 21177 
 
 166313 
 
 York. 
 
 25963 
 
 16887 
 
 4229 
 
 3123 
 
 7452 
 
 18700 
 
 739] 
 
 1 16389 
 
 145393 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 20923 
 
 14.356 
 
 2855 
 
 1823 
 
 6116 
 
 13452 
 
 1172( 
 
 18364 
 
 104760 
 
 Durham. 
 
 19608 
 
 13670' 3144 
 
 2325 
 
 6230 
 
 13468 
 
 7404 
 
 12713 
 
 113374 
 
 NorthnmberlanJ. 
 
 9358 
 
 6561 
 
 3301 
 
 2244 
 
 2151 
 
 4697 
 
 2462 
 
 6547 
 
 73750 
 
 Prince Edward. 
 
 14376 
 
 10934 
 
 3528 
 
 2192 
 
 3068 
 
 5960 
 
 2848 
 
 7028 
 
 76946 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 175676 
 
 1198S8 
 
 28728 
 
 20380 
 
 44535 
 
 133654 
 
 71966 
 
 121387 
 
 992170 
 
 Totals. 
 
50 
 
 Table No. III. — Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the Number 
 
 and Poultry in Ontario, as returned for Farms 
 
 
 No. 
 
 OF Horses. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 S 
 
 Grade and Native 
 Cattle. 
 
 Totals of 
 Cattle. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 "§2 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 II 
 
 
 St. Lawebnoe and Ottawa 
 Counties : 
 
 Frontenao 
 
 Leeds and GrenviUe .... 
 
 6428 
 10755 
 4518 
 4035 
 4992 
 4000 
 2171 
 7766 
 5964 
 5617 
 
 1176 
 
 1852 
 
 824 
 
 762 
 
 1323 
 
 1152 
 
 765 
 
 1657 
 
 1004 
 
 1140 
 
 1828 
 2765 
 1220 
 1287 
 1674 
 1287 
 729 
 2052 
 1199 
 - 1516 
 
 335 
 908 
 452 
 447 
 501 
 329 
 161 
 32] 
 183 
 287 
 
 476 
 
 92 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 37 
 
 26 
 
 34 
 
 216 
 
 149 
 
 15380 
 38000 
 13304 
 12915 
 17218 
 9361 
 5144 
 18380 
 14591 
 15833 
 
 4763 
 7978 
 2637 
 1562 
 2157 
 1939 
 1462 
 5471 
 5569 
 5280 
 
 11220 
 
 14994 
 
 5284 
 
 5530 
 
 7406 
 
 5733 
 
 3602 
 
 13.'>37 
 
 13744 
 
 13993 
 
 15456 
 38116 
 13359 
 13057 
 17321 
 9431 
 5150 
 18427 
 14623 
 15876 
 
 32174 
 61972 
 21692 
 
 
 
 20464 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Presoott 
 
 27289 
 17399 
 10395 
 
 Oarleton . , . , 
 
 37743 
 34303 
 35542 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Totals 
 
 56246 
 
 11655 
 
 15557 
 
 3924 
 
 1063 
 
 160126 
 
 38818 
 
 95042 
 
 160816 
 
 298973 
 
 Bast Midland ConNTiES : 
 
 7241 
 
 6216 
 
 701 
 
 11087 
 
 1741 
 
 1107 
 
 116 
 
 1803 
 
 1971 
 
 1861 
 
 152 
 
 3007 
 
 306 
 
 427 
 
 29 
 
 496 
 
 282 
 
 294 
 
 479 
 
 1638 
 
 11568 
 
 11165 
 
 2265 
 
 31082 
 
 4515 
 
 4207 
 
 834 
 
 6080 
 
 12327 
 
 10917 
 
 2715 
 
 13756 
 
 11591 
 
 11196 
 
 2266 
 
 31135 
 
 28998 
 
 27010 
 
 6322 
 
 53052 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 TTfl-atin^fl .... 
 
 
 Totals ... 
 
 25245 
 
 4767 
 
 6991 
 
 1258 
 
 2693 
 
 56080 
 
 15636 
 
 39715 
 
 56188 
 
 115382 
 
 
 Nobthern Distbiots : 
 
 649 
 917 
 305 
 
 1 
 
 139 
 
 200 
 
 75 
 
 133 
 
 195 
 
 66 
 
 26 
 68 
 40 
 
 414 
 ■664 
 378 
 
 1305 
 2604 
 1054 
 
 379 
 992 
 366 
 
 1497 
 3028 
 1395 
 
 1312 
 2605 
 1067 
 
 3621 
 7356 
 3233 
 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1871 
 
 414 
 
 394 
 
 134 
 
 1456 
 
 4963 
 
 1737 
 
 6920 
 
 4984 
 
 1 
 
 14210 
 
 
 SUMMARY OF RETURNS 
 
 Lake Erie Oocnties 
 
 Lake Hcron Counties 
 
 Geoeoian Bat Counties '. 
 
 West ^Iidland Coitntiks 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 1 
 
 Counties ) 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 Totals 
 
 44438 
 
 28454 
 67697 
 80493 
 
 56246 
 
 25245 
 1871 
 
 336932 
 
 9129 
 
 7323 
 
 6081 
 
 14918 
 
 16309 
 
 11655 
 
 4767 
 414 
 
 13544 
 10315 
 7944 
 19298 
 22033 
 
 15557 
 
 6991 
 394 
 
 70596J 96076 
 
 2977 
 2342 
 1472 
 5922 
 5600 
 
 3924 
 
 1258 
 134 
 
 23629 
 
 1270 
 1379 
 3331 
 
 1537 
 1837 
 
 1063 
 
 2693 
 1456 
 
 14566 
 
 75299 
 
 64204 
 
 49246 
 
 136645 
 
 118819 
 
 160126 
 
 56080 
 4963 
 
 665382 
 
 33413 
 40013 
 26843 
 71802 
 43946 
 
 38818 
 
 15636 
 1737 
 
 272208 
 
 74256 
 
 82970 
 
 59170 
 
 148398 
 
 105056 
 
 95042 
 
 39715 
 5920 
 
 610527 
 
 75913 
 
 64535 
 
 49513 
 
 137822 
 
 119858 
 
 160816 
 
 56188 
 4984 
 
 669629 
 
 187215 
 190908 
 140062 
 
 298973 
 
 115382 
 14210 
 
 1686312 
 
51 
 
 of Horses, Thoroughbred, Grade and Native Cattle, Coarse and Fine-wooUed Sheep, Pigs 
 of five acres and upwards on 31st May, 1882. — Continued. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 POULTBT. 
 
 
 Coarae- 
 
 Fine- 
 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 WooUed. 
 
 WooUed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 /' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ■a j 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 CD 
 
 1 
 
 
 h ^ 
 
 a S 
 
 h k' 1 
 
 ii 2 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 MH 
 
 
 
 S > 
 
 ^S^ 
 
 V > 
 
 -e >> 
 
 © 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 >,o 
 
 
 >,° 
 
 
 >, 
 
 a 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 
 tH 
 
 |3 
 
 tH 
 
 
 
 iH 
 
 
 
 fe ■' 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Laweektoe and Ottawa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COUNTIBS : 
 
 201.57 
 
 14516 
 
 4749 
 
 3412 
 
 3769 
 
 6491 
 
 6313 
 
 9183 
 
 72063 
 
 rrontenae. 
 
 53601 
 
 25071 
 
 10166 
 
 7699 
 
 8805 
 
 14261 
 
 22550 
 
 17412 
 
 146162 
 
 Leeds and Grenville. 
 
 9460 
 
 6125! 3720 
 
 2432 
 
 3595 
 
 5807 
 
 3300 
 
 5361 
 
 82260 
 
 Dundas. 
 
 8477 
 
 5400 
 
 2997 
 
 1882 
 
 3412 
 
 4895 
 
 1932 
 
 5140 
 
 76902 
 
 Stormont. 
 
 15664 
 
 8312 
 
 4847 
 
 2119 
 
 4677 
 
 5124 
 
 2190 
 
 6586 
 
 73662 
 
 Glengarry. 
 
 8655 
 
 5957 
 
 2989 
 
 2109 
 
 4697 
 
 5367 
 
 4250 
 
 3421 
 
 48058 
 
 Prescott. 
 
 5445 
 
 3705 
 
 1861 
 
 1365 
 
 2690 
 
 3024 
 
 2388 
 
 2160 
 
 28047 
 
 Russell. 
 
 27834 
 
 22595 
 
 5977 
 
 4850 
 
 7843 
 
 13267 
 
 17094 
 
 17881 
 
 122779 
 
 Carleton. 
 
 24125 
 
 14521 
 
 8583 
 
 5213 
 
 8440 
 
 7301 
 
 6160 
 
 9116 
 
 67322 
 
 Renfrew. 
 
 29173 
 
 20464 3607 
 
 2109 
 
 4789 
 
 7944 
 
 14796 
 80973 
 
 9504 
 
 76055 
 
 Lanark. 
 
 182591 
 
 12C666| 49496 
 
 33190 
 
 52717 
 
 73481 
 
 85764 
 
 793310 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Midland Counties : 
 
 17689 
 
 124.30 
 
 3980 
 
 2433 
 
 6249 
 
 11904 
 
 6664 
 
 13239 
 
 85103 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 15498 
 
 11305 
 
 2318 
 
 1644 
 
 5743 
 
 11508 
 
 6883 
 
 12542 
 
 79972 
 
 Peterborough. 
 
 2170 
 
 1340 
 
 924 
 
 781 
 
 815 
 
 1372 
 
 580 
 
 1310 
 
 11917 
 
 Haliburton. 
 
 20635 
 
 14320 
 
 8505 
 
 5493 
 
 8948 
 
 14488 
 
 6809 
 
 17500 
 
 142692 
 
 Hastings. 
 
 ■ S5992 
 
 39395 
 
 15727 
 
 10351 
 
 21755 
 
 39272 
 
 20936 
 
 44591 
 
 319684 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 NOBTHBBN DlSTKICTS : 
 
 887 
 
 749 
 
 251 
 
 166 
 
 589 
 
 ! 1201 
 
 463 
 
 703 
 
 8100 
 
 Algoma. • 
 
 2810 
 
 1848 
 
 754 
 
 574 
 
 725 
 
 1772 
 
 906 
 
 14O0 
 
 17746 
 
 Muskoka. 
 
 ;,; , 280 
 
 186 
 
 581 
 
 216 
 
 335 
 
 1130 
 
 780 
 
 777 
 
 8178 
 
 Parry Sound. 
 
 
 ■if- ■ 
 2TS3 
 
 1586 
 
 956 
 
 1649 
 
 4103 
 
 214S 
 
 288C 
 
 34024 
 
 Totals. 
 
 BY COUNTY GROUPS. 
 
 103496 
 113379 
 90750 
 207282 
 ^75676 
 
 182591 
 
 .55992 
 3977 
 
 73348 
 
 90006 
 
 67275 
 
 157566 
 
 119323 
 
 126666 
 
 39395 
 2783 
 
 17740 
 18745 
 17325 
 28952 
 28728 
 
 49496 
 
 15727 
 1586 
 
 13487 
 14753 
 13120 
 21262 
 20380 
 
 33190 
 
 10351 
 956 
 
 39026 
 23299 
 26362 
 43072 
 44535 
 
 52717 
 
 21755 
 1649 
 
 117726 
 
 50742 
 
 51692 
 
 127141 
 
 133654 
 
 73481 
 
 39272 
 4103 
 
 38624 
 20156 
 20513 
 54742 
 71966 
 
 80973 
 
 20936 
 
 2148 
 
 71297 
 55961 
 50485 
 100992 
 121387 
 85764 
 
 44591 
 2880 
 
 624253 
 458240 
 368946 
 918078 
 992170 
 
 793310 
 
 319684 
 34024 
 
 Lake Erie Counties. 
 Lake Hukon Counties. 
 Geoboian Bat Counties. 
 West Midland Counties. 
 Lake Ontabio Counties. 
 
 ( St. Lawbenoe and Ottawa 
 
 I Counties. 
 
 East Midland Counties.' 
 
 Nobthbbn Districts. 
 
 933143 
 
 676362 
 
 178299 
 
 127499 
 
 252415 
 
 597811 
 
 1 
 
 310058 
 
 533357 
 
 4508705 
 
 Totals. 
 
52 
 
 .THOROUGHBRED CATTLE. 
 
 Table No. IV. — Showing by County Municipalities the Number of each class of 
 Thoroughbred Cattle in Ontario, as returned 31st May, 1882. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 THOBO0GHBBED CaTTLE. 
 
 a 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 w 
 
 a 
 
 <f 
 
 O 
 
 QQ 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 STorf oik 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 "WelUnd 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bnioe 
 
 Grey . ; 
 
 Simooe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin . . 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 ■ Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward .'. . 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville .... 
 
 Cundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Presoott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 Carleton ; . 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Totals . 
 
 246 
 391 
 321 
 433 
 394 
 190 
 488 
 688 
 496 
 507 
 587 
 1111 
 648 
 591 
 433 
 1125 
 670 
 139 
 272 
 316 
 429 
 462 
 741 
 767 
 457 
 328 
 142 
 151 
 158 
 289 
 106 
 85 
 133 
 89 
 69 
 127 
 •70 
 109 
 193 
 173 
 15 
 176 
 17 
 38- 
 25 
 
 15385 
 
 34 
 32 
 67 
 60 
 23 
 37 
 71 
 60 
 33 
 42 
 51 
 151 
 51 
 
 8 
 30 
 36 
 13 
 
 8 
 24 
 30 
 37 
 36 
 27 
 33 
 52 
 45 
 13 
 29 
 
 7 
 18 
 17 
 23 
 26 
 
 5, 
 
 5 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 55 
 46 
 
 3 
 48 
 
 1 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 1438 
 
 33 
 41 
 13 
 
 46 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 36 
 32 
 35 
 28 
 50 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 125 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 1 
 1] 
 22 
 
 6 
 21 
 12 
 14 
 
 2 
 10 
 17 
 22 
 
 8 
 40 
 25 
 
 2 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 841 
 
 25 
 1 
 
 19 
 5 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 23 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 
 14 
 5 
 
 10 
 9 
 6 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 ,., 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 270 
 
 17 
 37 
 24 
 50 
 46 
 14 
 34 
 40 
 41 
 51 
 54 
 65 
 24 
 10 
 23 
 77 
 5 
 12 
 34 
 9 
 12 
 23 
 27 
 24 
 35 
 28 
 32 
 25 
 31 
 32 
 39 
 15 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 26 
 10 
 21 
 12 
 83 
 4 
 27 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 1189 
 
 79 
 
 48 
 
 54 
 
 130 
 
 11 
 
 28 
 
 54 
 
 136 
 
 89 
 
 37 
 
 67 
 
 77 
 
 166 
 
 16 
 
 48 
 
 52 
 
 42 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 119 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 127 
 
 17 
 
 88 
 
 121 
 
 173 
 
 117 
 
 123 
 
 545 
 
 263 
 
 307 
 
 293 
 
 202 
 
 79 
 
 139 
 
 93 
 
 140 
 
 31 
 
 86 
 
 5 
 
 202 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4496 
 
 23619 
 
53 
 
 WOOL, MAPLE SUGAR AND FEUIT. 
 
 // 
 
 Table No. V. — Showing by County Municipalities the clip of Coarse and Fine Wools, 
 the production of Maple Sugar, and the Acreage under Orchard, Garden and Vine- 
 ■yard in Ontario in 1882. 
 
 
 Wool. 
 
 Maple 
 
 SUGAK. 
 
 aobeagh op 
 Fruit. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Coarse Wool. 
 
 Fine Wool. 
 
 .a 
 
 -a » 
 11 
 
 
 
 oi 
 
 1 
 & 
 
 OS 
 
 |2i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 11248 
 20742 
 26237 
 16955 
 17255 
 11059 
 27408 
 46215 
 39756 
 54788 
 35962 
 47002 
 26580 
 17352 
 33945 
 44992 
 22505 
 14906 
 10044 
 16205 
 12703 
 16686 
 29810 
 25963 
 20923 
 19608 
 
 9358 
 ,14376 
 20157 
 33601 
 
 9460 
 
 8477 
 15664 
 
 8655 
 
 5445 
 27834 
 24125 
 29173 
 17689 
 15498 
 
 2170 
 
 20635 
 
 887 
 
 2810 
 280 
 
 58114 
 
 112006 
 
 147578 
 
 85622 
 
 96973 
 
 55295 
 
 153484 
 
 256493 
 
 210606 
 
 291471 
 
 160389 
 
 270262 
 
 152835 
 
 96130 
 
 179908 
 
 228108 
 
 123750 
 
 80490 
 
 50220 
 
 83725 
 
 76218 
 
 108459 
 
 166041 
 
 147123 
 
 111100 
 
 105096 
 
 55680 
 
 70443 
 
 91512 
 
 154900 
 
 44935 
 
 40431 
 
 67040 
 
 37505 
 
 23413 
 
 128870 
 
 97465 
 
 127630 
 
 89329 
 
 79348 
 
 10035 
 
 95332 
 
 4984 
 
 14050 
 
 1680 
 
 1393 
 
 33821 
 30151 
 3810' 
 3474 
 2666 
 3957 
 7431 
 7357 
 11671 
 5654 
 5762 
 2896 
 2637 
 5974 
 5432 
 3378 
 2873 
 2356 
 2169 
 1355 
 1635 
 4156 
 4229 
 2855 
 3144 
 3301 
 3528 
 4749 
 10166 
 3720 
 2997 
 4847 
 2989 
 1861 
 ■5977 
 8583 
 3607 
 3980 
 2318 
 924 
 8505 
 251 
 764 
 581 
 
 7006 
 18939 
 16381 
 17907 
 15702 
 12440 
 20872 
 
 61039 
 29965 
 31691 
 14913 
 13975 
 31064 
 29386 
 16314 
 15656 
 11074 
 11305 
 7283 
 8265 
 24521 
 25627 
 16179 
 16034 
 16093 
 17394 
 23032 
 60830 
 17568 
 14685 
 22620 
 14945 
 10383 
 28807 
 - 36477 
 16014 
 21532 
 11540 
 4213 
 37762 
 1255 
 4304 
 3544 
 
 27637 
 
 74751 
 
 464080 
 
 135968 
 
 62848' 
 
 7540 
 
 75100 
 
 56102 
 
 73157 
 
 88541 
 
 171711 
 
 141137 
 
 174313 
 
 101575 
 
 30972 
 
 60342 
 
 62065 
 
 29196 
 
 61619 
 
 13309 
 
 4226 
 
 9902 
 
 39495 
 
 26583 
 
 15879 
 
 154096 
 
 132128 
 
 121516 
 
 127309 
 
 819812 
 
 12534 
 
 226786 
 
 216454 
 
 47672 
 
 17700 
 
 29854 
 
 46398 
 
 349237 
 
 93439 
 
 53387 
 
 54808 
 
 506569 
 
 4392 
 
 46190 
 
 15381 
 
 6399 
 
 7849 
 
 7640 
 
 8770 
 
 4891 
 
 7151 
 
 6490 
 
 8775 
 
 6213 
 
 8262 
 
 6085 
 
 12242 
 
 ■ 9142 
 
 5213 
 
 6643 
 
 5790 
 
 5191 
 
 1766 
 
 7878 
 
 8134 
 
 5332 
 
 4556 
 
 8881 
 
 5734 
 
 4898 
 
 6203 
 
 6943 
 
 3535 
 
 3148 
 
 4412 
 
 1212 
 
 1400 
 
 983 
 
 576 
 
 322 
 
 1391 
 
 738 
 
 1311 
 
 2279 
 
 2352 
 
 190 
 
 ' 7464 
 
 99 
 
 317 
 
 ■46 
 
 130 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 109 
 30 
 92 
 
 Haldiznand . . . . . , , . 
 
 86 
 
 Welland 
 
 275 
 
 
 29 
 
 Huron 
 
 47 
 
 Bruce , 
 
 66 
 
 Grey .... 
 
 3S 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 104 
 
 Oxford 
 
 36 
 
 Brant 
 
 32 
 
 Perth 
 
 29 
 
 Wellington 
 
 11 
 
 
 37 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 3 
 
 Lincoln ..-.'.. 
 
 158 
 
 { Wentworth . . .« 
 
 225 
 
 HaXtou 
 
 40 
 
 Peel .... 
 
 64 
 
 York 
 
 65 
 
 
 11 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 37 
 69 
 
 
 22 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 56 
 
 
 •2 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 16 
 
 Kussell 
 
 6 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 933143 
 
 4842078 
 
 178299 
 
 904107 
 
 5073610 
 
 213846 
 
 2098 
 
 
 
54 
 
 FAEM ACREAGE AND VALCTES. 
 
 Table No. VI. — Showing by County Municipalities the Number and Acreage of Farms 
 and the Value of Farm Property in Ontario in 1882. 
 
 
 No. AND AOKJSAGB OP 
 
 Fakms. 
 
 VALns OF Fabm Pbopbett. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 
 •I 
 
 ■ s 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 5 
 £ 
 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 - 
 
 
 5538 
 6743 
 5302 
 4647 
 3149 
 2739 
 6145 
 8558 
 8007 
 10214 
 9114 
 8562 
 5142 
 2126 
 5375 
 6165 
 2885 
 2963 
 2735 
 3200 
 1915 
 2884 
 5426 
 5677 
 3577 
 5328 
 3313 
 3779 
 4562 
 8230 
 2631 
 2652 
 2646 
 3086 
 2072 
 4686 
 5156 
 4321 
 4351 
 3569 
 1403 
 6168 
 2030 
 2319 
 666 
 
 403074 
 532103 
 422511 
 360329 
 280613 
 220403 
 568206 
 738963 
 722514 
 983696 
 819736 
 742834 
 466252 
 213952 
 491661 
 637846 
 303305 
 307758 
 188732 
 267853 
 218661 
 288055 
 528061 
 472070 
 362318 
 430062 
 229504 
 406962 
 575730 
 748790 
 223402 
 247393 
 286929 
 243808 
 193811 
 545900 
 746857 
 623061 
 467456 
 443971 
 171230 
 788051 
 184760 
 372150 
 131054 
 
 154911 
 232980 
 245938 
 209844 
 185147 
 150283 
 220961 
 446442 
 357503 
 514448 
 408757 
 468360 
 324422 
 163682 
 318034 
 392000 
 221378 
 154010 
 137792 
 199369 
 164055 
 215383 
 392143 
 321131 
 269142 
 287989 
 162135 
 197078 
 217364 
 383909 
 113570 
 107424 
 133892 
 105197 
 51726 
 . 248717 
 203731 
 255758 
 215477 
 189628 
 25266 
 350035 
 47254 
 32458 
 14967 
 
 $ 
 
 15288010 
 
 23256100 
 
 18456265 
 
 12803820 
 
 9712785 
 
 8448660 
 
 22153720 
 
 30939580 
 
 26446190 
 
 23348310 
 
 26238510 
 
 39346495 
 
 22702760 
 
 10322700 
 
 21825175 
 
 21114615 
 
 14136955 
 
 8592790 
 
 8182425 
 
 13450880 
 
 8768410 
 
 12951150 
 
 28628250 
 
 20939285 
 
 16275525 
 
 15220860 
 
 8934695 
 
 11999930 
 
 9968400 
 
 18038675 
 
 7611530 
 
 5900815 
 
 6030015 
 
 5302100 
 
 3841900 
 
 13637000 
 
 5627540 
 
 6198155 
 
 15050975 
 
 11890500 
 
 481590 
 
 17836895 
 
 1606160 
 
 1875655 
 
 499275 
 
 $ 
 
 2367850 
 3639915 
 3755530 
 3285880 
 2683125 
 2535275 
 2944440 
 5596670 
 3942180 
 4845580 
 4538400 
 7496890 
 5449635 
 2983430 
 4836415 
 4724770 
 3884610 
 1380835 
 2523110 
 3810620 
 2544320 
 3141735 
 6864245 
 4260330 
 3626150 
 3351320 
 2087300 
 2400600 
 2219450 
 4289815 
 1546520 
 1473845 
 1415195 
 995775 
 509230 
 2819790 
 1368195 
 1605255 
 2268720 
 1963265 
 154240 
 3736610 
 315605 
 339840 
 106910 
 
 663305 
 
 1009180 
 
 994265 
 
 789110 
 
 707870 
 
 627585 
 
 953325 
 
 1797635 
 
 1206925 
 
 1611940 
 
 1481840 
 
 2258520 
 
 1414475 
 
 702800 
 
 1389720 
 
 1463915 
 
 915665 
 
 509860 
 
 684315 
 
 865730 
 
 631270 
 
 844725 
 
 1628980 
 
 1046090 
 
 937635 
 
 894265 
 
 537030 
 
 610585 
 
 636955 
 
 1060305 
 
 416820 
 
 383955 
 
 423105 
 
 328660 
 
 178735 
 
 864160 
 
 418075 
 
 458245 
 
 722680 
 
 564910 
 
 43245 
 
 1091580 
 
 118055 
 
 91730 
 
 28665 
 
 $ 
 
 1427925 
 
 2134025 
 
 2.306425 
 
 1472010 
 
 , 1385730 
 
 1107830 
 
 2158195 
 
 5979630 
 
 2613495 
 
 3813945 
 
 3028355 
 
 4836900 
 
 3093545 
 
 1207580 
 
 3211325 
 
 33235.50 
 
 1767000 
 
 1139295 
 
 1089550 
 
 1698015 
 
 1325930 
 
 1573710 
 
 3254610 
 
 2560235 
 
 1993050 
 
 1847160 
 
 928265 
 
 1247685 
 
 1443990 
 
 2760240 
 
 873315 
 
 866790 
 
 1046180 
 
 712240 
 
 463465 
 
 1846025 
 
 1409180 
 
 1385215 
 
 1604570 
 
 1338980 
 
 192385 
 
 2355190 
 
 287055 
 
 272195 
 
 112625 
 
 s 
 
 19747090 
 
 Kent 
 
 30039220 
 
 Elgin 
 
 25512485 
 
 Norfolk .... 
 
 18350820 
 
 
 14489510 
 
 Welland 
 
 12719350 
 
 
 28209680 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 42313515 
 34208790 
 33628775 
 35287105 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 53938805 
 
 Oxford 
 
 32660415 
 
 
 15216510 
 
 Perth 
 
 31262635 
 
 WeUiugton 
 
 30626850 
 20704230 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 11622780 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 "Wentworth . 
 
 12479400 
 19825245 
 
 Halton 
 
 13269930 
 
 Peel 
 
 18511320 
 
 York 
 
 40376085 
 
 
 2880f940 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addingtou. 
 !Frontenac 
 
 22832360 
 21313605 
 12487290 
 16258800 
 14268795 
 
 Leeds and Grenville . . . 
 
 26149035 
 10448185 
 
 Stormont 
 
 8625405 
 
 
 8914495 
 
 Prescotfc 
 
 7338775 
 
 Kussell 
 
 4993330 
 19166975 
 
 Renfrew .... 
 
 8822990 
 
 
 9646870 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 19646945 
 15757655 
 
 
 871460 
 
 Hastings 
 
 25020275 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Muskoka .... 
 
 2326875 
 2579420 
 
 
 747475 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 201776 
 
 19602387 
 
 10211690 
 
 631882030 
 
 132639420 
 
 37008440 
 
 80494610 
 
 882024500 
 
55 
 
 RENT AND WAGES. 
 
 Table No. VII. — Showing by County Municipalities the average Hent of Farm Land 
 per Acre, and the average Wages of Farm and Domestic Servants in 1882. 
 
 
 Leased 
 Farms. 
 
 Wages of Faem Hands and Uombstios. 
 
 
 Fabm Hands. 
 
 Domestics. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 (6 
 
 S§1 
 
 4) O 
 
 -a 
 Ph| 
 
 ■St 
 
 II 
 
 If 
 
 ocq 
 
 Ob 
 cu-- 
 
 CD S 
 
 '1 
 
 si 
 
 
 $ c. 
 
 2 80 
 4 09 
 
 3 50 
 3 00 
 2 10 
 
 2 75 ■ 
 
 3 00 
 2 50 
 2 37 
 2 15 
 
 2 90 
 
 3 50 
 3 00 
 3 30 
 3 00 
 3 00 
 ?. 00 
 
 2 30 
 
 3 00 
 3 20 
 
 2 80 
 
 3 55 
 
 3 80 
 
 2 85 
 
 4 25 
 
 3 25 
 3 37 
 2 40 
 
 1 95 
 180 
 
 2 80 
 2 00 
 2 50 
 2 00 
 
 1 70 
 
 2 70 
 
 1 40 
 ISO 
 
 3 15 
 
 2 45 
 
 2'36 
 
 $ 
 
 176 
 
 188 
 
 163 
 
 165 
 
 144 
 
 150. 
 
 170 
 
 168 
 
 160 
 
 160 
 
 165 
 
 175 
 
 160 
 
 170 
 
 165 
 
 164 
 
 160 
 
 145 
 
 157 
 
 145 
 
 175 
 
 170 
 
 166 
 
 170 
 
 164 
 
 150 
 
 144 
 
 158 
 
 146 
 
 175 
 
 155 
 
 200 
 
 235 
 
 172 
 
 197 
 
 152 
 
 168 
 
 176 
 
 170 
 
 183 
 
 'ieo 
 
 110 
 185 
 .... 
 
 $ 
 
 245 
 282 
 240 
 255 
 215 
 
 '266 
 252 
 245 
 215 
 260 
 230 
 230 
 240 
 
 '248 
 245 
 225 
 232 
 254 
 267 
 270 
 252 
 380 
 243 
 300 
 200 
 240 
 229 
 250 
 
 '366 
 
 '246 
 296 
 250 
 265 
 280 
 
 '252 
 240 
 312 
 
 $ 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 15 • 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 $ 
 
 25 
 25 
 26 
 23 
 25 
 
 "24' 
 25 
 25 
 23 
 28 
 22 
 20 
 
 '25' 
 
 22 
 
 '22' 
 24 
 27 
 30 
 24 
 30 
 20 
 21 
 20 
 25 
 23 
 23 
 
 '22' 
 26 
 28 
 23 
 28 
 23 
 
 '22' 
 30 
 30 
 
 $ ^. 
 
 1 12 
 1 00 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 1 00 
 1 00 
 95 
 85 
 90 
 
 87 
 0^5 
 
 1 00 
 1 00 
 1 00 
 1 12 
 90 
 87 
 90 
 95 
 95 
 
 95 
 
 1 00 
 
 95 
 
 1 00 
 90 
 
 91 
 
 1 05 
 1 00 
 90 
 90 
 77 
 
 ■ 1 00 
 
 95 
 
 1 00 
 
 88 
 
 1 10 
 
 97 
 100 
 
 1 00 
 95 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 1 50 
 1 00 
 90 
 
 $ u. 
 
 1 38 
 1 23 
 1 12 
 1 18 
 1 30 
 
 i'25 
 1 10 
 1 10 
 1 05 
 1 16 
 1 15 
 
 i'56 
 1 20 
 1 20 
 
 i'25 
 1 40 
 1 35 
 1 25 
 1 25 
 1 60 
 1 25 
 1 00 
 1 25 
 1 30 
 1 10 
 1 30 
 1 00 
 
 i'25 
 
 i'25 
 1 25 
 1 40 
 1 25 
 1 25 
 1 00 
 1 12 
 1 18 
 
 l'35 
 
 1 60 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 1 50 
 1 60 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 1 55 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 1 38 
 
 Welland 
 
 1 25 
 
 
 1 60 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 1 50 
 1 45 
 
 Grey 
 
 1 30 
 
 Siincoe 
 
 1 50 
 1 60 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 1 65 
 1 65 
 1 63 
 1 55 
 
 Watarloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 1 63 
 1 35 
 1 60 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 1 50 
 
 Halton 
 
 ' 1 70 
 
 Peel 
 
 1 80 
 
 York 
 
 1 50 
 1 40 
 
 Durh*m , 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 1 .10 
 1 55 
 1 30 
 
 Lennox and Addington . . 
 
 Fronteuac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 1 90 
 1 35 
 1 4o 
 1 65 
 
 Stormont 
 
 1 35 
 1 70 
 
 PreBcott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 1 65 
 1 25 
 1 50 
 1 50 
 
 
 1 62 
 
 Victoria 
 
 1 75 
 
 
 1 45 
 
 
 1 37 
 
 
 1 40 
 
 Algoma .■ 
 
 1 45 
 1 60 
 1 40 
 
 
 
56 
 
 AVERAGE PRODUOTIOIsr. 
 
 Table No. VIII. — Showing by County Municipalities and for Groups of Counties and 
 the Province the Average Production of Field Crops per Acre in 1882. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Wellaud 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Brace 
 
 Grey • ... 
 
 Simooe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth ., 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Ijinooln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Hal ton 
 
 Peel •. 
 
 Yqrk 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington . 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville. , . . 
 
 Bundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Preacott .'..... 
 
 Bussell 
 
 Oarleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 HaliBurton , 
 
 Hastings 
 
 ilgoma 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 
 23 
 26 
 28 
 26 
 21 
 16 
 24 
 29 
 30 
 30 
 31 
 27 
 25 
 26 
 28 
 27 
 30 
 30 
 26 
 23 
 20 
 25 
 27 
 30 
 27 
 27 
 14 
 19 
 21 
 19 
 19 
 18 
 15 
 10 
 20 
 14 
 16 
 18 
 26 
 27 
 16 
 19 
 25 
 16 
 20 
 
 o « 
 
 
 • 
 
 16 
 
 29 
 
 16 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 14 
 
 29 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 23 
 
 13 
 
 31 
 
 13 
 
 ,■$0 
 
 15 
 
 28 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 15 
 
 32 
 
 16 
 
 .SI 
 
 14 
 
 31 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 17 
 
 .32 
 
 14 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 17 
 
 .32 
 
 17 
 
 35 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 
 17 
 
 .30 
 
 20 
 
 32 
 
 17 
 
 29 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 ■zi 
 
 27 
 
 19 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 16 
 
 ,36 
 
 16 
 
 29 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 19 
 
 29 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 11 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 26 
 
 33 
 42 
 37 
 32 
 33 
 26 
 32 
 •38 
 35 
 37 
 34 
 36 
 37 
 40 
 43 
 40 
 40 
 32 
 ■37 
 39 
 39 
 40 
 43 
 32 
 41 
 32 
 26 
 36 
 34 
 33 
 40 
 37 
 35 
 23 
 33 
 41 
 40 
 42 
 36 
 34 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 35 
 36 
 
 
 3 =' 
 O 
 
 20 22 
 
 28 
 21 
 19 
 20 
 16 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 24 
 20 
 15 
 15 
 18 
 21 
 20 
 20 
 15 
 22 
 17 
 22 
 18 
 21 
 18 
 15 
 13 
 15 
 20 
 20 
 27 
 20 
 10 
 10 
 17 
 20 
 23 
 21 
 18 
 18 
 17 
 18 
 15 
 30 
 20 
 
 23 
 18 
 22 
 16 
 10 
 18 
 22 
 22 
 20 
 20 
 19 
 22 
 17 
 22 
 24 
 22 
 17 
 16 
 19 
 21 
 20 
 20 
 17 
 20 
 14 
 11 
 21 
 20 
 20 
 22 
 20 
 17 
 9 
 20 
 21 
 20 
 26 
 20 
 20 
 15 
 16 
 30 
 22 
 20 
 
 80 
 83 
 77 
 67 
 54 
 38 
 52 
 52 
 50 
 52 
 55 
 70 
 63 
 77 
 75 
 50 
 75 
 53 
 55 
 81 
 60 
 50 
 62 
 64 
 60 
 58 
 42 
 45 
 50 
 52 
 57 
 50 
 30 
 28 
 40 
 42 
 65 
 42 
 70 
 53 
 49 
 47 
 30 
 30 
 
 f.4 
 
 PQ 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 22 
 26 
 15 
 20 
 17 
 12 
 20 
 17 
 18 
 20 
 25 
 17 
 20 
 20 
 16 
 40 
 27 
 22 
 15 
 20 
 22 
 27 
 22 
 12 
 36 
 28 
 28 
 32 
 25 
 31 
 14 
 30 
 23 
 24 
 33 
 20 
 20 
 10 
 35 
 30 
 30 
 
 
 30 30 
 
 19 
 19 
 20 
 23 
 17 
 14 
 19 
 19 
 20 
 16 
 8 
 19 
 40 
 16 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 10 
 18 
 27 
 15 
 22 
 20 
 29 
 18 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 42 
 22 
 24 
 21 
 30 
 18 
 21 
 20 
 20 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 
 04 
 
 120 
 193 
 
 95 
 180 
 110 
 
 88 
 100 
 160 
 
 80 
 110 
 
 90 
 130 
 140 
 
 80 
 120 
 125 
 130 
 135 
 
 75 
 120 
 125 
 
 95 
 
 80 
 
 95 
 160 
 
 90 
 
 50 
 125 
 100 
 
 90 
 145 
 160 
 
 70 
 
 42 
 100 
 128 
 185 
 155 
 128 
 115 
 135 
 110 
 235 
 135 
 150 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 o 
 
 .S'M 
 a S 
 
 550 
 310 
 375 
 350 
 220 
 290 
 400 
 570 
 460 
 ^60 
 450 
 450 
 700 
 450 
 515 
 600 
 725 
 500 
 420 
 535 
 485 
 550 
 485 
 300 
 530 
 560 
 50 
 200 
 365 
 490 
 565 
 565 
 200 
 500 
 175 
 410 
 500 
 570 
 600 
 360 
 420 
 300 
 125 
 175 
 150 
 
 300 
 250 
 250 
 250 
 160 
 285 
 300 
 450 
 400 
 310 
 425 
 375 
 580 
 500 
 475 
 480 
 650 
 400 
 360 
 400 
 440 
 525 
 465 
 175 
 440 
 550 
 75 
 430 
 235 
 400 
 500 
 500 
 150 
 215 
 275 
 385 
 435 
 505 
 315 
 320 
 290 
 250 
 200 
 350 
 200 
 
 200 
 387 
 400 
 500 
 210 
 290 
 350 
 460 
 415 
 410 
 435 
 420 
 600 
 580 
 480 
 560 
 560 
 500 
 375 
 475 
 600 
 480 
 380 
 275 
 475 
 430 
 100 
 300 
 260 
 320 
 280 
 240 
 150 
 325 
 250 
 390 
 445 
 420 
 455 
 350 
 200 
 165 
 615 
 365 
 390 
 
 O 
 
 ■eg 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.08 . 
 
 1.07 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.05 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.16 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.15 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.27 
 
 1.27 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.93 
 
 1.05 
 
 05 
 0.98 
 
 02 
 
 Averages for the 
 
 Lake Erie Counties 
 
 Lake Hubon Counties 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties 
 
 West Midland Counties , 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa Counties. 
 
 Bast Midland Counties , 
 
 Nobthbrn Districts 
 
 averaobs pob the province 
 
 24.1 
 28.3 
 30.6 
 27.3 
 24.9 
 17.8 
 23.7 
 23.7 
 
 26.3 
 
 11.5 
 
 13 
 
 15.4 
 
 14.8 
 
 17.8 
 
 16.3 
 
 16.5 
 
 24.1 
 
 16.5 
 
 24.4 
 
 28.4 
 
 28 
 
 30.1 
 
 29 
 
 29.5 
 
 26.2 
 
 26.5 
 
 28.6 
 
 34.4 
 
 35.6 
 
 35.8 
 
 38.4 
 
 37.5 
 
 36. 
 
 32.4 
 
 36.2 
 
 36.4 
 
 19.4 
 20 
 23.7 
 17.9 
 16.6 
 7 
 18 
 23.9 
 
 420 
 
 18.8 
 
 19.6 
 
 73.4 
 51.9 
 54.1 
 .3 
 57 
 46.7 
 48.6 
 30 
 
 64.9 
 
 25.2 
 
 19.1 
 19.2 
 13.7 
 20.7 
 18.3 
 28 .-3 
 19.8 
 13 
 
 26.7 
 
 139 
 
 344 
 
 248 
 
 4.31 
 
 1.20 
 
 116 
 
 610 
 
 410 
 
 438 
 
 1.10 
 
 101 
 
 471 
 
 366 
 
 416 
 
 1.06 
 
 122 
 
 571 
 
 600 
 
 545 
 
 1.24 
 
 97 
 
 454 
 
 404 
 
 ;i60 
 
 1.19 
 
 111 
 
 433 
 
 375 
 
 362 
 
 1.08 
 
 117 
 
 468 
 
 306 
 
 377 
 
 1.05 
 
 164 
 
 148 
 
 299 
 
 385 
 
 1.01 
 
 115 
 
 488 
 
 403 
 
 448 
 
 1.14 
 
THErWEATHEE. 
 
 EEPORT FOE SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER 
 
 [compiled at the MBTEOBOLOGICAL office, TORONTO.] 
 
 The month of September was fine and warm, being about 3° above the average, 
 and continuing dry up to the third week, when heavy thunder storms and rains were 
 general in Ontario. The temperature reached its maximum for the month about the 
 18th, when a temperature was recorded only a little inferior to the maximum of the year 
 (about 90° on the 26th July). 
 
 The rain was considerably below the average quantity for September except in the 
 North-east and Eastern district, where it slightly exceeded the average. In the South 
 and South-west district it was 1.09, in the North-west and Northern district 1.06, and in 
 the Central district 0.98 inches below the average. The heaviest rainfalls are recorded 
 in northern Ontario : at Pembroke, 6.45; at Huntsville, 5.35; and at Beatrice, 5.39 
 inches fell. The lightest fall was in the extreme west, Sarnia only recording 0.48 inches. 
 
 Hoar frost was recorded in many localities about the 2Brd and 24th. Several storms 
 of wind occurred, especially on the 14th, which was very general and inflicted consider- 
 able damage on crops, fences and buildiags. 
 
 October was considerably warmer than the average, the difference in excess amount- 
 ing to as much as 6°. It is the second warmest October recorded in forty years ; the first 
 and third weeks were very dry and warm. 
 
 Some light rain fell about the 13th and towards the end of the month. In the South 
 and South-west district the rainfall was 0.80 ; in the North-west and Northern district, 
 1.39 ; in the Central district, 0.85 ; and in the, East and North-east district, 1.52 inches 
 below the average. 
 
 The heaviest monthly rainfall is recorded at Parry Sound, when 2.95 inches fell, and 
 the lightest at Brechin, when only 0.71 is recorded. Thunder storms were general about 
 the 9th, 29th and 31st. 
 
 Some light snow fell about the 10th in eastern Ontario, but the month may be 
 described as singularly fine. 
 
58 
 
 Summary of the Fall »f Eain during the month of October, 1882, with the number of 
 days on which rain fell, and the number of days on which the rain exceeded 0.10 
 in., with the heaviest fall of rain on one day and the date on which it fell. 
 
 West and South-West Distbiot. 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 
 "3 
 d 
 
 No. of Days when 
 the Fall was 
 above 0.10 in. 
 
 5 
 
 1- 
 
 Station. 
 
 Windsor High School 
 
 Simooe " " 
 
 Observer. 
 
 A. Sinclair, M. A 
 
 Rev. G. Grant, B. A 
 
 H. J. Strang, B. A 
 
 2.51 
 1.33 
 1.87 
 1.76 
 1.79 
 2.13 
 1.95 
 1.35 
 2.17 
 1.78 
 1.66 
 1.97 
 1.49 
 
 i!28 
 1,88 
 
 2!i9 
 2.54 
 1.58 
 1.50 
 2.22 
 
 i!72 
 2.03 
 1.92 
 2.28 
 1.43 
 1.64 
 2.32 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 '6 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 io' 
 
 4 
 
 ■4" 
 5 
 6 
 
 10 
 5 
 
 "5' 
 8 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 
 io' 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 I 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 
 ■3 " 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 'e" 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 0.97 
 0.75 
 
 0.80 
 0.71 
 0.60 
 0.85 
 0.95 
 0.60 
 0.86 
 0.72 
 0.75 
 0.77 
 0.55 
 
 6!55 
 0.63 
 
 6!86 
 0.80 
 0.60 
 0.58 
 0.95 
 
 6:92 
 0.77 
 0.61 
 0.95 
 0.58 
 0.69 
 0.81 
 
 6!88 
 0.63 
 0.56 
 
 13 
 29 
 
 Goderich " " 
 
 13 
 
 Stratford " " 
 
 
 13 
 
 Groderich L. House 
 
 G. M. Macdonald 
 
 G. Hess .' ,' 
 
 13 
 
 
 29 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Prof. Wolverton, B. A 
 
 29 
 
 Port Dover . 
 
 H. Morgan 
 
 29 
 
 Port Stanley 
 
 Grranton .... ...... 
 
 M. Payne ^. 
 
 13 
 
 J, Grant 
 
 13 
 
 Lucan . . . .... 
 
 G. Cathoart 
 
 A.' Ray ; . . . . 
 
 13 
 
 
 13 
 
 Blora 
 
 W. La Penotiere 
 
 T. M. Mclntyre, M. A 
 
 29 
 
 Brantf ord 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 Stony Point .... 
 
 Stephen Aubry .... 
 
 13 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Daniel Stewart 
 
 *P. Delaney 
 
 is' 
 
 
 T. P. Kane 
 
 28 
 
 Ailsa Craig .... 
 
 John Hennie 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 Cottam 
 
 W E. Wagstaff . 
 
 13 
 
 Thamesville 
 
 Wilton Grove 
 
 A. J.CampbeU 
 
 H. Anderson 
 
 is' 
 
 
 B. S. Francis 
 
 13 
 
 Hensall 
 
 Wm Wilson 
 
 29 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 S. Williams 
 
 13 
 
 Sarnia 
 
 Wm. Mowbray 
 
 J. Mellor 
 
 13 
 
 Birnam 
 
 29 
 
 Amherstburgh 
 
 John Bell 
 
 13 
 
 Oolbome 
 
 
 
 IngersoU 
 
 
 2.11 
 1.53 
 1.79 
 
 13 
 
 OtterviUe 
 
 Thomas Wright 
 
 13 
 
 Glenooe 
 
 G. Bonsfield 
 
 13 
 
 
 Distkiot. 
 
 J. P. Esten 
 
 Dr. Dixie 
 
 
 Mean of District 
 
 1.86 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 Cbntrat, 
 Newmarket 
 
 1.30 
 1.32 
 1.15 
 1.37 
 1.39 
 1..82 
 1.83 
 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 10 
 4 
 5 
 
 "3' 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 ■■2" 
 
 0.47 
 0.63 
 0.67 
 0.55 
 0.67 
 0.81 
 0.77 
 
 oiso 
 
 14 
 
 Credit ,. 
 
 29 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Observatory 
 
 29 
 
 
 G. Dickson .... . ... 
 
 29 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 J.Barber 
 
 29 
 
 
 28 
 
 Copetown 
 
 North Glanford 
 
 J. Ireland 
 
 E, Dickenson 
 
 29 
 
 Welland 
 
 R. Grant 
 
 0.75 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 Mean of District 
 
 1.30 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
59 
 
 SuMMAKY of the Fall of E.ain during the month of October, 1882, etc. — Contvnued. 
 
 Nobth-Webt and North Distbiot. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Owen Sound 
 
 Preaqn'Iale ^ 
 
 Penetanguiehene . . . 
 
 Saugeen 
 
 Point Clark 
 
 Orillia 
 
 Seorgina 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gravenhurat 
 
 Barrie High School . 
 
 Egremont 
 
 Durham 
 
 Huntsville 
 
 Bracebridge 
 
 Egmondville 
 
 Mean of District . 
 
 Observer. 
 
 Eev. R. Mosley 
 
 J. McLean 
 
 J. MoKenzie 
 
 Eev. J. McBride 
 
 Mrs. Stewart 
 
 John Young 
 
 H. A. Fitton 
 
 Captain Sibbald, E.N. 
 J. Hollingaworth ... . 
 
 T. M. Eobinson 
 
 H. B. Spotton, M. A . . 
 
 J. W. Stevenson 
 
 Dr. Gunn 
 
 Dr. r. L. Howland . . 
 
 W. Simmons 
 
 G. E. Creswell 
 
 East and Noeth-East Distbiot. 
 
 Cornwall High School 
 
 Peterborough High School. 
 
 Lakefield 
 
 Linds^ 
 
 Port Efope • 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Olontarf 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 li'Orignal 
 
 EockUffe 
 
 Northcote 
 
 Eirkfield 
 
 Merrickville 
 
 Eenf rew 
 
 Addison 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Newburgh 
 
 Hattawan 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Metcalfe 
 
 Brechin 
 
 Desoronto 
 
 Iiunenburg 
 
 Ed'wardsburgh 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Oahawa 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 : Bancroft 
 
 Mean of District . 
 
 James Smith, M. A 
 
 John Dixon, M. A. 
 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 T. Beall : 
 
 John Foott 
 
 Eev. J. MoLeary 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A 
 
 A. Schultz 
 
 A. Thomson 
 
 F. Bisset 
 
 W. H, Mclutyre 
 
 F. Kosmark 
 
 J. McTasgart 
 
 P. Y. Merrick 
 
 W. B. Smallfield 
 
 B. Loverie 
 
 Charles Eow 
 
 Wm. Grange 
 
 Alex. Moffat 
 
 H. McDiarmid 
 
 T. Telford 
 
 F. Ireson 
 
 P. M. Eae 
 
 H. B. Eathbun 
 
 J. H. Grant 
 
 C. Chapman 
 
 H. Elliott 
 
 Eev. J. Middleton. . . . . . 
 
 J. Haomillan, M.A. . . . . 
 
 J.Cleak.... 
 
 t 
 P 
 
 2.95 
 2.33 
 2.40 
 1.79 
 2.03 
 1.13 
 1.61 
 1.08 
 2.50 
 1.20 
 1.18 
 1.57 
 2.03 
 2.75 
 1.68 
 2.23 
 
 1.90 
 
 1.15 
 1.00 
 1.48 
 1.48 
 0.97 
 
 1.12 
 1.49 
 2.21 
 2.06 
 1.93 
 1.16 
 1.59 
 
 
 1.15 
 
 1.10 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.77 
 
 1.47 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.43 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.95 , 
 
 0.81 
 
 1.42 
 
 1.49 
 
 1.46 
 
 2.15 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 1.33 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 7 
 9 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 "3' 
 
 2 
 9 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 
 13 
 11 
 
 V Eg ^ 
 
 DQ 1—1 
 
 .g 
 
 ■?§ 
 
 w 
 
 0.84 
 0.75 
 1.65 
 0.40 
 1.S5 
 0.55 
 0.49 
 0.47 
 0.64 
 0.47 
 0.35 
 0,77 
 1.00 
 0.50 
 0.74 
 0.83 
 
 0.23 
 0.35 
 0.68 
 0.68 
 0.68 
 
 6!54 
 0.64 
 0.65 
 0.60 
 0.43 
 0.32 
 0.50 
 
 6!42 
 
 6! 50 
 0.50 
 0.55 
 0.45 
 0.63 
 0.50 
 0.30 
 0.44 
 0.26 
 O.SO 
 0.85 
 0,70 
 0,44 
 0.85 
 
60 
 
 Mean Temperature for October, 1882, at certain Collegiate . Institutes, divided into 
 five-day periods, and the Mean for the month, with the Highest and Lowest Tem- 
 perature, etc. 
 
 
 ■s 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 td 
 
 1 
 
 "Si 
 
 1 
 
 ,? 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 Ist to 5th 
 
 57.8 
 62.1 
 54.6 
 49.1 
 49.1 
 50.1 
 
 62.7 
 62.4 
 57.6 
 52.9 
 46.3 
 50.4 
 
 56.1 
 60.4 
 54.3 
 49.9 
 43.9 
 47.8 
 
 56.3 
 60.0 
 51.9 
 46.7 
 44.0 
 45.4 
 
 o 
 
 57.2 
 63.0 
 56.2 
 51.5 
 46.3 
 48.6 
 
 56.7 
 60.0 
 53.8 
 49.8 
 48.1 
 49.6 
 
 54.1 
 59.7 
 50.2 
 49.3 
 
 42.7 
 46.2 
 
 O 
 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 51.6 
 48.1 
 45.0 
 47.9 
 
 49.2 
 57.2 
 51.5 
 51.6 
 44.5 
 46.1 
 
 46.9 
 57.6 
 48.0 
 47.0 
 44.1 
 44.2 
 
 49.1 
 
 6th to 10th 
 
 57.6 
 
 nth to 15th 
 
 50.2 
 
 16th to 20th 
 
 21st to 25th ■ . 
 
 50.5 
 43.8 
 
 26th to 31st .-. 
 
 45.6 
 
 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 53.7 
 
 55.4 
 
 52.1 
 
 50.7 
 
 53.8 
 
 52.2 
 
 50.2 
 
 51.4 
 
 50.0 
 
 48.0 
 
 49.1 
 
 Highest Temperature 
 
 Date 
 
 Lowest Temperature 
 
 Date 
 
 75.4 
 
 8 
 
 33.0 
 
 20 
 
 42.4 
 
 83.7 
 
 6 
 
 29.0 
 
 20 
 
 54.7 
 
 75.3 
 8 
 24.5 
 20-25 
 50.8 
 
 75.7 
 
 7 
 
 23.3 
 
 20 
 
 42.4 
 
 81.8 
 
 8 
 
 24.0 
 
 20 
 
 57.8 
 
 74.3 
 
 7 
 
 28.0 
 
 20 
 
 46.3 
 
 79.7 
 
 7 
 
 23.1 
 
 20 
 
 56.6 
 
 79.6 
 
 7 
 
 26.5 
 
 20 
 
 53.1 
 
 77.9 
 
 7 
 
 24.9 
 
 21 
 
 53.0 
 
 80.0 
 
 7 
 
 26.3 
 
 20 
 
 53.7 
 
 78.7 
 
 7 
 
 28.1 
 
 28 
 
 50.6 
 
 
 
 Mean maximum Temperature 
 Mean minimum Temperature 
 
 62.0 
 46.0 
 
 67.2 
 42.9 
 
 62.9 
 39.5 
 
 62.6 
 41.0 
 
 66.0 
 40.5 
 
 60.5 
 42.6 
 
 60.7 
 39.4 
 
 61.6 
 41.5 
 
 60.8 
 39.4 
 
 60.6 
 38.2 
 
 57.7 
 40.4 
 
 Warmest day 
 
 7 
 67.6 
 19,20 
 42.3 
 
 6,7 
 
 ■68.4 
 
 26 
 
 43.7 
 
 7 
 
 63.4 
 
 20 
 
 37.1 
 
 8 
 
 65.7 
 
 20 
 
 37.4 
 
 8 
 
 68.0 
 
 20 
 
 40.7 
 
 8 
 
 64.9 
 
 20 
 
 39.9 
 
 7 
 
 67.0 
 
 20 
 
 36.0 
 
 7 , 
 69.3 
 19 
 38.3 
 
 8 
 
 66.7 
 
 20 
 
 34.4 
 
 7 
 
 65.0 
 
 20 
 
 37.0 
 
 7 
 65 8 
 
 Coldest day 
 
 20. 
 3fi 9 
 
 
 
 Greatest daily Kange in month 
 
 25.1 
 
 33.0 
 
 31.9 
 
 31.7 
 
 36.8 
 
 26.0 
 
 36.6 
 
 30.6 
 
 36.5 
 
 30.3 
 
 30.6 
 
 Proportion op Sunshine registered in each hour of the day during which the sun was 
 above the horizon in the month of October, 1882. 
 
 
 Hours Ending 
 
 
 7 a.m. 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Noon. 
 
 1p.m. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0.49 
 .57 
 .60 
 .72 
 .50 
 .61 
 .63 
 .65 
 
 4 
 
 0.19 
 .35 
 .53 
 .68 
 .15 
 .55 
 .60 
 .63 
 
 5 
 
 0.00 
 .00 
 .35 
 .47 
 .00 
 .50 
 .39 
 .39 
 
 6 
 
 "Windsor 
 
 0.33 
 .46 
 . .04 
 .07 
 .06 
 .37 
 .09 
 .09 
 
 0..59 
 .63 
 .27 
 .53 
 .40 
 .44 
 
 0.74 
 .70 
 .64 
 .63 
 .57 
 
 tin 
 
 0.72 
 .67 
 .73 
 .70 
 .68 
 .59 
 .59 
 .69 
 
 0.63 
 .75 
 .67 
 .71 
 .67 
 .68 
 .64 
 .60 
 
 0.56 
 .67 
 .69 
 .68 
 .66 
 .69 
 .64 
 .59 
 
 0.55 
 .68 
 .72 
 .76 
 .70 
 .68 
 .60 
 .56 
 
 0.55 
 .64 
 .70 
 .75 
 .69 
 .59 
 .62 
 .61 
 
 n nn 
 
 Stratford .' 
 
 nn 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Toronto ... ... 
 
 .08 
 
 ''I 
 
 St. Catharines 
 
 .00 
 50 
 
 
 .461 .55 
 261 .^9 
 
 11 
 
 Cornwall .... ... 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean Proportion for Month (constant sunshine being represented by 1). — Windsor, 
 0.49; Stratford, 0.55; Woodstock, 0.54; Toronto, 0.62; St. Catharines, 0.46; Lindsay, 
 0.47; Kirigston, 0.53; Cornwall, 0.49. 
 
 MaximiMn Daily AmovMt. — Windsor, 14th, 0.90 ; Stratford, 26th, 0.90 ; Woodstock, 
 3rd, 0.90 ; Toronto, 20th, 0.95 ; St. Catharines, 4th, 0.78 ; Lindsay, 1st, 0.99 ; Kingston, 
 20th, 0.96 ; Cornwall, 28th, 1.00. 
 
 Number of Days completely Clouded. — Windsor, 1 ; Stratford, 1 ; Woodstock, 2 ; 
 Toronto, 1 ; St. Catharines, 1 ; Lindsay, 2 ; Kingston, 1 ; Cornwall, 3. 
 
61 
 
 Summary of the Fall of Rain during the month of September, 1882, the number of days 
 on which rain fell, and the number of days on which the rain exceeded 0.10 in., 
 with the heaviest fall of rain on one day and the date on which it fell. 
 
 West and South-West Distbiot. 
 
 Station. 
 
 A. Sinclair, M. A 
 
 Kev. G. Grant, B.A. . . . 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A 
 
 C J. Macgregor, M.A. . 
 
 G. M. Macdonald 
 
 G. Hess 
 
 Prof. Wolverton, B.A. . . 
 
 H. Morgan 
 
 M. Payne 
 
 J. Grant 
 
 G. Gathoart 
 
 A. Ray 
 
 W. La Penotiere 
 
 T. M. Molntyre, M.A. 
 
 Dr. PasBmore 
 
 Stephen Aubry 
 
 Daniel Stewart 
 
 P. Delaney 
 
 T. F. Kane ' 
 
 John Efennie 
 
 A. D. Perrier 
 
 Cottam'!!; ! ['..'.'..y... i W. E. 
 
 Windsor High School 
 Simcoe " " 
 Goderich " 
 Stratford " " 
 Goderich L. House . . 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 Port Stanley .. 
 
 Granton 
 
 Lucan 
 
 Listowel 
 
 Elora 
 
 Brantf ord 
 
 Conestogo 
 
 Stony Point 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Tecumseh 
 
 Maidstone 
 
 Ailsa Craig 
 
 Observer. 
 
 
 1 
 
 1.72 
 1.46 
 1.77 
 1.20 
 1.55 
 2.56 
 2.71 
 1.37 
 2.08 
 1.04 
 0.90 
 2.29 
 1.98 
 1.75 
 1.61 
 1.15 
 
 I 
 
 ThamesviUe . 
 Wilton Grove . 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Hensall 
 
 St. Thomas ... 
 
 Samia 
 
 Bimam 
 
 Amherstburgh . 
 
 , Colbome 
 
 IngersoU 
 
 Otterville 
 
 A. J. Campbell . . 
 
 H. Anderson 
 
 E. S. Francis . . . 
 Wm. Wilson .... 
 
 S. Williams 
 
 Wm. Mowbray.. 
 
 J. Mellor : 
 
 John Bell 
 
 John Varcoe 
 
 Walter Harris . , 
 Thomas Wright 
 
 1.08 
 1.48 
 1.21 
 2.39 
 2.09 
 
 2.04 
 1.13 
 
 2!ii 
 0.48 
 2.29 
 2.10 
 1.56 
 2.77 
 2.24 
 
 Mean of District . 
 
 p 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 "5' 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 "5' 
 4 
 
 g !i d 
 
 Q >■ 
 
 1.74 
 
 Central Distbiot. 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 Credit 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Hamilton High School. 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 St. Catharines 
 
 Oopetown , 
 
 North Glanf ord 
 
 Mean of District . 
 
 J. P. Esten... 
 Dr. Dixie ... 
 Observatory . 
 G. Dickson. . . 
 J. Barber , . . . 
 R. Cameron . 
 J. Ireland .... 
 E. Dickenson. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 "5" 
 3 
 
 '4' 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 g 
 
 .s >. 
 
 w 
 
 ° a 
 
 0.71 
 0.77 
 0.74 
 0.64 
 0.46 
 1.60 
 0.99 
 0.64 
 1.36 
 0.63 
 0.55 
 0.90 
 0.69 
 0.94 
 0.79 
 0.75 
 
 6'.86 
 0.94 
 0.75 
 0.96 
 1.04 
 
 6!82 
 0.68 
 
 6! 80 
 0.48 
 1.62 
 1.22 
 0.82 
 1.67 
 I'.OO 
 
 2, 
 22 
 
 2 
 22 
 21 
 
 2 
 21 
 22 
 21, 22 
 21 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 22 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 
 '22' 
 21 
 
 '22' 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 22 
 19 
 
 2.09 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 0.81 
 
 22 
 
 1.90 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1.20 
 
 21 
 
 2.10 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 1.13 
 
 22 
 
 2.23 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 1.12 
 
 22 
 
 1.56 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 0.54 
 
 22 
 
 1.80 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 0.94 
 
 21 
 
 2.01 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 0.85 
 
 21 
 
 1.84 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 0.80^ 
 
 22 
 
 1.94 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
62 
 
 SuMMABY of the Fall of Rain during the month of September,, 1882, etc. — Gontinued. i 
 
 Nobth-West and North Disteiot. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Owen Sound 
 
 Presqu'Isle 
 
 Fenetanguishene 
 
 Saugeen 
 
 Point Clark 
 
 Orillia 
 
 Georgina 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 Barrie High School 
 
 Egremont 
 
 Durham 
 
 HuntsTille 
 
 Bracebridge ; 
 
 Egmondville 
 
 Observer. 
 
 Kev. E. Mosley 
 
 J. McLean 
 
 John McKenzie 
 
 Rev. J. McBride 
 
 Mrs. Stewart 
 
 John Young 
 
 H. A. ritton 
 
 Captain Sibbald, E.N 
 
 J. HoUingworth 
 
 T. M. Robinson 
 
 H. B. Spotton, M.A. . 
 
 J. W. Stevenson 
 
 Dr. Gunn 
 
 Dr. 'F. L. Howland... 
 
 W. Simmons 
 
 G. E. Cresswell 
 
 East and North-East Disteiot. 
 
 Cornwall High School 
 
 Peterborough High School 
 
 Lakefield , 
 
 Linds^ 
 
 Port Hope 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Clontarf 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 L'Orignal 
 
 Eookliffe 
 
 Northcote 
 
 Kirkfield 
 
 Merriokville 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Addison 
 
 Augusta. : 
 
 Newburgh 
 
 Mattawan . . . .' 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Metcalfe .... 
 
 Brechin '. 
 
 Desoronto 
 
 Lunenburg 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Oshawa ; 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Mean of District. 
 
 James Smith, M.A . 
 
 J. Dixon, M.A 
 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 T. BeaU 
 
 JohnEoott, 
 
 Eev. J. McLeary . . . 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 A. Schultz 
 
 A. Thomson 
 
 F. Bisset 
 
 "W. H. Mclntyre . . . 
 
 E. Kosmark 
 
 J. McTaggart 
 
 P. Y. Merrick 
 
 W. E. Smallfield . . . 
 
 B. Loverie 
 
 Charles Row 
 
 Wm. Grange 
 
 Alex. Moffat 
 
 H. McDiarmid 
 
 T.Telford 
 
 F. Ireson 
 
 P. M. Eae 
 
 H. B. Rathbun 
 
 J. H. Grant 
 
 C. Chapman 
 
 H. EUiott 
 
 Rev. J. Middleton . , 
 J. Macmillan, M.A. 
 
 a 
 
 
 §i.S 
 
 "S 
 
 A 
 
 ■ ^ ^o 
 
 rt 
 
 & 
 
 £So 
 
 t 
 
 o 
 
 .ofDa 
 the fa 
 above 
 
 
 
 
 Q 
 
 ^ 
 
 K 
 
 Mean of District | 2.58 
 
 3.52 
 2.88 
 2.51 
 3.16 
 1.74 
 
 3!86 
 3.43 
 6.45 
 3.69 
 5.96 
 3.76 
 2.08 
 
 3.90 
 
 3.50 
 3.51 
 
 3!i6 
 3.18 
 4.25 
 1.24 
 2.37 
 4.40 
 2.70 
 2.60 
 1.64 
 
 3.31 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 3' 
 
 ii' 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 io" 
 "5' 
 
 8 
 
 "ii" 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 9 
 6 
 8 
 
 .2 s 
 
 > ° 
 w 
 
 9 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 10 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 
 7 
 6 
 10 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 0.76 
 0.85 
 1.00 
 0.32 
 1.10 
 0.63 
 0.64 
 0.44 
 1.53 
 0.98 
 0.61 
 0.30 
 0.54 
 1.44 
 0.79 
 0.68 
 
 0.57 
 1.25 
 1.28 
 1.02 
 0.86 
 
 i!62 
 1.76 
 1.60 
 1.15 
 1.76 
 1.10 
 1.00 
 
 l!67 
 0.85 
 
 i;66 
 
 1.70 
 0.89 
 0.74 
 0.95 
 1.41 
 0.78 
 1.06 
 0.86 
 
63 
 
 Mean Temperature for September, 1882, at certain Collegiate Institutes, divided into 
 five-day periods, and the mean for the Month, with the Highest and Lowest 
 Temperature, etc. 
 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 C5 
 
 i 
 
 no 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 g 
 
 w 
 
 6 
 S 
 
 It 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 ■?. 
 
 
 1 
 
 1st to 5th 
 
 67°. 9 
 63.3 
 62.6 
 66.7 
 55.8 
 56.7 
 
 68°. 6 
 65.1 
 65.4 
 71.0 
 58.5 
 60.0 
 
 69°. 2 
 61.4 
 61.6 
 67.8 
 54.6 
 54.8 
 
 65°. 4 
 60.5 
 .59.2 
 65.7 
 51.2 
 53.0 
 
 70°. 4 
 63.2 
 64.2 
 69.3 
 56.7 
 64.7 
 
 70°. 
 63.4 
 62.0 
 66.8 
 55.2 
 54.5 
 
 70°. 2 
 63.0 
 61.6 
 63.9 
 55.5 
 53.8 
 
 69°. 3 
 62.4 
 59.7 
 65.1 
 54.4 
 54.5 
 
 66°, 5 
 59,0 
 57.0 
 59.5 
 55.5 
 50.6 
 
 64°. 8 
 58.0 
 57.8 
 59, :j 
 54,3 
 48,9 
 
 6th to 10th 
 
 nth to 15th : . . 
 
 16th to 20th 
 
 21st to 25th 
 
 26th to 31st 
 
 
 
 62.0 
 
 64.8 
 
 61.6 
 
 59.2 
 
 63.1 
 
 61.6 
 
 61.3 
 
 60.9 
 
 58.0 
 
 57.2 
 
 
 JSighest Temperature .... . , , , 
 
 83.2 
 18 
 
 40.0 
 27 
 
 43.2 
 
 87.7 
 
 18 
 43.4 
 
 25 
 44.3 
 
 81.8 
 2-18 
 35.9 
 25 
 45.9 
 
 84.5 
 18 
 34.6 
 25,26 
 49.9 
 
 88.8 
 
 19 
 37.1 
 
 24 
 51.7 
 
 88.3 
 
 18 
 43.1 
 
 24 
 45.2 
 
 88.6 
 
 18 
 38.1 
 
 30 
 50.5 
 
 87.6 
 
 18 
 40.5 
 
 26 
 47.1 
 
 80.2 
 
 7 
 
 38.3 
 
 26 
 
 41,9 
 
 80.9 
 
 Q 
 
 Date ■ 
 
 Lowest Temperature 
 
 Date 
 
 32.6 
 28 
 
 
 48 3 
 
 
 
 Mean maximum Temperature 
 
 Mean minimum Temperature 
 
 70.0 
 53.7 
 
 73.6 
 52.7 
 
 70.4 
 50.2 
 
 70.1 
 49.6 
 
 73.2 
 49.8 
 
 70.0 
 53.1 
 
 72.5 
 49.0 
 
 70.6 
 51.7 
 
 69.0 
 48.9 
 
 68.4 
 47,1 
 
 Warmest day- 
 
 18 
 
 73.9 
 
 26 
 
 51.7 
 
 19 
 75.7 
 
 26 
 54.5 
 
 18 
 75.6 
 
 26 
 49.8 
 
 18 
 73.5 
 
 26 
 47.5 
 
 18 
 78.1 
 
 26 
 53.5 
 
 18 
 76.0 
 
 26 
 53.9 
 
 18 
 77.0 
 
 28 
 52.4 
 
 18 
 75.5 
 
 26 
 50.6 
 
 3 
 
 70.3 
 
 26 
 
 48.5 
 
 1 
 
 
 66 6 
 
 Coldest day , ... 
 
 28 
 
 Temperature 
 
 47 4 
 
 
 
 Greatest daily Range in Month 
 
 23.5 
 
 30.1 
 
 32.4 
 
 30.7 
 
 33.1 
 
 25.2 
 
 33.5 
 
 32.1 
 
 29'. 9 
 
 32.4 
 
 PROPORTioiir of Sunshine in each hour of the day during which the sun was above the 
 horizon in the month of September, 1882. 
 
 ■ 
 
 HouBS Ending 
 
 
 6 a.m. 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Noon. 
 
 1 p.m. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 0.1^ 
 .14 
 .00 
 .02 
 
 M 
 .00 
 
 0.14 
 .34 
 .21 
 .28 
 .21 
 .43 
 .11 
 
 0.71 
 .58 
 .60 
 .63 
 .49 
 .46 
 .39 
 
 0.73 
 .66 
 .70 
 .68 
 .66 
 ..69 
 .52 
 
 0.71 
 .70 
 .72 
 .83 
 .73 
 .71 
 .57 
 
 0.74 
 .70 
 .73 
 .79 
 .80 
 .70 
 .59 
 
 0.79 
 .77 
 .64 
 .77 
 .81 
 .74 
 .66 
 
 0.69 
 ,«1 
 .76 
 .77 
 .76 
 .71 
 .66 
 
 0.63 
 
 .74 
 .79 
 .78 
 .76 
 .68 
 .66 
 
 0.63 
 .70 
 .73 
 .79 
 .63 
 .69 
 .67 
 
 0.63 
 .61 
 .66 
 .74 
 .41 
 .72 
 .69 
 
 0.61 
 .19 
 .65 
 .64 
 .11 
 .66 
 .41 
 
 0.14 
 .00 
 .29 
 .50 
 .00 
 .53 
 .26 
 
 
 Stratford 
 
 
 Toronto 
 
 St. Catharines 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 0.10 
 
 ';22 
 .03 
 
 Mean Proportion for Month (Constant sunshine being represented by 1). — Windsor, 
 0.54; Stratford, 0.55; "Woodstock, 0.60; Toronto, 0.65; St. Catharines, 0.51 ; Lindsay, 
 0.62; Cornwall, 0.49. 
 
 Maximum Daily Amount.— Windsor, 25th, 0.85 ; Stratford, 18th, 0.84 ; "Woodstock, 
 25th, 0.89; Toronto, 25th, 0.94; St. Catharines, 5th, 0.78; Lindsay, 26th, 1.00 ; Corn- 
 wall, 16th, 0.89. 
 
 Number of Days completely Clouded. — Windsor, 1 ; Stratford, 1 ; Woodstock, 2 ; 
 Toronto, 1 ; St. Catharines, 1 ; Lindsay, 1 ; Cornwall, 2. 
 
AGRICULTUEAL RETUENS: 
 
 MA.Y, 18 83. 
 
 REPORT OJSr THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 In the ordinary course of our Ontario seasons vegetation is at this date well advanced. 
 Not infrequently the forest trees are out in leaf, and the fruit trees are in blossom. But 
 the present is one of the exceptional years. Hard frosts, rarw winds, and chilling raias 
 have prevailed, and few signs of active vegetation are apparent in forest, field, or garden. 
 Consequently, it is difficult to deal with the real condition of our staple cereal, the Fall 
 Wheat. It is too early to form an accurate opinion. Neither is there much of an en- 
 couraging character to report on the progress of spring work on the farm. 
 
 Fully eighty per cent, of the total area of Fall Wheat in Ontario lies west of the 
 meridian of Toronto, and unfortunately the most discouraging accounts of the crop are 
 received from that part of the Province. -There is, indeed, a singular contrast in the 
 reports for the eastern and western sections ; for, while those for the one agree in, saying 
 that the prospect has not often been worse, those for the other are not less unanimous in 
 saying that it was never better. 
 
 This marked difference seems to be due largely to conditions of weather. In the 
 east the winter was unbroken from first to last. Consequently the snow lay on the 
 ground as it fell j and, while it formed a warm covering for the wheat plant in the 
 coldest weather, the air was not excluded. But in the west there were alternations of 
 warm waves and cold waves, and occasional storms/ of rain as well as of snow. The re- 
 sult was, that where the snowfall was heavy, as in the northern counties, it packed and 
 crusted ; and where the fall was light, as in the southern counties, the ground was some- 
 times bare and sometimes covered with ice. 
 
 The great rain storm, that was central over the Ohio valley in the latter part of 
 January and the first days of February extended into Ontario (either as rain or sleet) 
 northward as far as Georgian Bay and eastward as far as Toronto. In the Lake Erie 
 counties, and in portions of Middlesex, Oxford and Brant, nearly the whole of the snow 
 was carried ofi' at this time ; and a cold spell following, the fields were left coated over 
 with sleet and ice. In those counties the general verdict of correspondents is, that the 
 wheat was " frozen to death ;" whereas in the northern counties the verdict is, " smothered 
 to death." A correspondent in Huron county observes that six successive' crusts formed 
 on the snow during the winter, two of which were strong enough to bear up a horse. 
 
 A noticeable peculiarity in the effects of winter throughout the western section of 
 the Province is, that in the southern counties the wheat has been injured most on gravel 
 and sandy lands, and least on the level clay and loamy lands; but in the northern counties 
 this condition is reversed, the- wheat having had adequate protection on even the highest 
 lands. It is remarked, however, that where high ground in the south was sheltered from 
 winds the wheat is well preserved, and the importance of planting the borders of farms 
 with trees is urged by many correspondents. 
 
 But the appearance of the crop this spring is no doubt due in some degree to the 
 condition of the ground at seed-time. In the east it was favourable, and the young plant 
 made a good start in the fall. In the west the heavy rains of July and August, and the 
 season of drought that followed, interfered with the proper cultivation of fallows, and 
 especially of pea and stubble lands, so that the soil was in very poor tilth. The seed was 
 sown late, and it neither rooted well nor tillered well. ' This circumstance will account, in 
 a measure, for the bad reports now received ; and it is reasonable to hope that, where the 
 plant has survived the snow and ice and exposure of winter, the outlook will brighten 
 
with warm and growing weather. It is unfortunately true, however, that a large extent 
 of wheat land is already doomed, and has been ploughed up or re-sown with spring 
 grains. 
 
 The only cheerful reports from the western part of the Province refer to the northern 
 half of Essex, the lake shore townships of Huron and Bruce, the county of Wellington, 
 the northern parts of York and Peel, and the southern half of Simooe ; and even in these 
 districts the crop has been seriously damaged by the frosts and winds of April. Else- 
 where the area sown will probably be reduced by twenty per cent., a portion of which 
 will be put under spring wheat and the rest under barley, oats and peas. The eastern 
 section of the Province is confidently expected to produce a full crop. 
 
 Winter rye is not grown to any extent outside of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 counties, but all the reports on its condition are favourable. It is much hardier than 
 wheat, and appears to have come through the winter in a healthy and vigorous state — 
 notably in the county of Norfolk, where the wheat suffered severely. Clover has also 
 wintered well on the whole ; but in some localities it has been partially destroyed by 
 winter exposure. In others, as in the counties of Lambton, Haldimand and Welland, it 
 has been injured by the clover midge or weevil. As there was little frost in the ground, 
 there are no complaints of "heaving" this year. 
 
 Live stock are generally reported to be healthy and in good condition. The winter 
 was favourable to animal life, and fodder being abundant the farmers fed with a liberal 
 hand. Horses were attacked in a few localities with " pink-eye " and mild forms of dis- 
 temper, but the mortality among them was much less than in the winter of 1882. Cattle 
 have a thrifty appearance, and will go to the pasture fields in good heart. The spring 
 weather was hard on lambs, and young pigs have died in large numbers. 
 
 The quantity of wheat in farmers' hands is above the average at this time of year, 
 although the bulk of last year's crop has been marketed. There is a large surplus of hay, 
 but the supply of oats is not more than is required for home consumption. The number 
 of fat and store cattle is not large, and the demand for them continues active. 
 
 The preparation of the ground for spring crops was not commenced as early as usual 
 this year, as in the absence of hard frost it remained water-soaked for some time after 
 the snow had disappeared. For the same reason it was not in a good tillable condition, 
 being tough and sodden instead of mellow and friable. On high and well-drained lands 
 farmers started ploughing about the 15th of April, and in some portions of the Lake Erie 
 and West Midland counties a week earlier ; but in the northern and eastern portions of 
 the Province little was done before the 25th. Sowing commenced about a week later, 
 and not more than twenty-five per cent, of it was finished at the date of the returns. 
 Farmers fully appreciate the necessity of changing their seed grain frequently and intro- 
 ducing new varieties of recognized merits, but proper attention to this requires systematic 
 effort. The Grangers, with their widespread organization, are rendering valuable service 
 by establishing seed fairs and by a method of exchanges, as also are some of the Agricul- 
 tural Associations. But the present great need of farmers is an adequate supply of farm 
 labour. The demand for men is active in all parts of the Province, and liberal wages are 
 offered for employment by the year or the season. 
 
 Fruit trees appear to have come safely through the winter, and there is generally a 
 good show of fruit buds. In some localities, however, as in the West Midland counties, 
 fears are entertained that the trees have not fully recovered from the effects of last sum- 
 mer's blight. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau of Industries, ' 
 
 Toronto, 14th May, 18S3. 
 
DIGEST OF THE REPORTS. 
 
 EALL WHEAT. 
 
 Fall Wheat throughout the Lake Erie counties is not in a hopeful state. The snow- 
 in those counties was carried off by heavy rains in midwinter, and a sudden change to 
 intense cold left the fields for several weeks with a covering of ice, — for although snow 
 fell at intervals it was, except in sheltered places, swept off by drifting winds. Follow- 
 ing the disappearance of the ice came another cold spell, and altogether the wheat passed 
 through a hard winter. In the northern townships of Essex it is reported to be fairly 
 good on properly drained clay and loamy soils ; but in the southern townships, and 
 especially on gravel and sandy soils, it has been seriously damaged by ice, frost and cold 
 westerly winds. In Gosfield and Mersea extensive areas are being ploughed up. One 
 correspondent in the latter township says he is ploughing 16 acres out of 23, and a 
 neighbour 26 acres out of 30 ; and he adds that this is a fair sample of his locality. 
 Where fields were protected against west winds the wheat wintered well, regardless of 
 soils ; but correspondents agree in saying that about one-fourth of the acreage under crop 
 wUl be re-sown with spring grain. Similar reports are made for the lake shore townships 
 of Kent. Many farmers are sowing the wheat land with barley and oats. High gravel 
 and sandy lands were covered with ice for a good part of the winter, and wherever it lay 
 the wheat has been ruined. On clay and loamy soils it fared much better. A corres- 
 pondent in Raleigh says he had 50 acres, and all except 3 acres on low black land will 
 be ploughed up. " I have never," he adds, " known the Fall Wheat to be killed so badly 
 in our Township as it has been the past winter. It was not lifted by the frost, but 
 literally frozen dead or smothered with ice — caused by a sleet storm and no snow to 
 protect it from the cold." On the north side of the Thames the accounts are scarcely less 
 favourable, although the greatest injury seems to have been sustained there on clay soils. 
 In Dover it is stated that fully half of the wheat is being ploughed up, to be re-sown with 
 spring grains. In parts of Elgin the crop is also reported to be better on the light than on 
 the heavy soils, the assigned reason being that on the former the wheat made a better 
 start in the fall. In Aldborough it is in good condition where sheltered ; but fully one- 
 third of the crop has been injured, and a considerable portion is being re-sown with oats 
 and barley. In the other townships of this county reports agree in saying that the 
 least injury has been done on heavy soUs, but that the crop is a very unequal one even 
 on the best drained lands. From one-fifth to one-third has been killed by ice and hard 
 frost. All the townships of Norfolk appear to have suffered alike from the ice coat, snow 
 drifts and exposure. The crop throughout Charlotteville, Walsingham and Middleton is 
 reported to be almost a complete failure, and over the whole county it will probably not 
 exceed 60 per cent, of an average. Many acres have been ploughed up ; but farmers are 
 slow to take this step, preferring to await the effects of growing weather. One> corres- 
 pondent remarks that for the second time in twenty years the broadcast came through the 
 winter better than the drilled wheat. In Haldimand the worst effects are found on sandy 
 soUs and high ridges, but less injury seems to have been done by ice than by want of protec- 
 tion during the intensely cold snaps of January and February. The explanation is, that 
 in this county and in Welland the rainfall was less than in the westerly counties of the 
 group. But on the loamy lands of Oneida, Seneca and Moulton considerable damage was 
 done by the frosts and winds of March and April. Several correspondents notice that 
 wherever fields were sheltered by woods on the west side the wheat is good, and more 
 tree-planting along the north and south fences of farms is advised. In the lake shore 
 townships of Welland the best crops are on sandy loam, and on fields well drained and 
 cultivated. Here, as in some parts of Haldimand and Kent, the latest sown fields are 
 
the best. The reports for Pelham, Thorold and Stamford are all gloomy. The crop is 
 bad on all soils, and a large area will probably be turned up with the plough or cultivator. 
 Taking all the counties of the Lake Erie group, it is doubtful if under the most favour- 
 able circumstances the crop will reach 75 per cent, of last year's. Very little harm 
 appears to have been done by the Hessian fly or the wireworm, and only one correspon- 
 dent notices the " heaving " out of the plant by spring frosts. 
 
 The reports for the Lake Huron are in no respect more cheerful than those for the 
 Lake Erie counties, although there was a hope at the date of the returns that the crop 
 would recover to some extent with the setting in of warm and growing weather. In 
 Lambton the ground was in an ill-favoured state at seedtime, and the snowfall being 
 light, the' plant was little able to resist winter exposure. On fine and moist soils, where 
 it got a good start, the outlook is more hopeful ; especially, in fields protected against the 
 sweep of westerly and north-westerly ■winds. "It is seldom," one correspondent writes, 
 " that the benefits of tree-planting for screens have been so plainly set forth as this 
 winter. I do not know of a single good field of wheat where it was not sheltered." In 
 Enniskillen it was sown late and the ground was hard and dry ; consequently the roots 
 got but little hold, and the spring frosts have left the fields thin and patchy. " At no 
 time this year," a Plympton correspondent says, " was the prospect of wheat encourag- 
 ing, but April has put on the finishing stroke. Wheat has suffered more during the 
 month of April than in all the rest of the winter put together. I doubt very much if the 
 yield of 1883 will be over half a crop." A number of farmers in this and other town- 
 ships of Lambton are sowing spring wheat with their fall wheat. Others are waiting till 
 vegetation gets a little farther ahead before they come to any decision, for they prefer 
 half a crop to re-seeding the ground. In Bosanquet and Warwick the crop is fair on 
 sandy soil, but poor on clay and black loam. " The great drawback on fall wheat this 
 spring," a Warwick correspondent says, " was the bad state it was put in last fall. The 
 ground was so run together with the rains of harvest time that it was difficult to get a 
 mould fine enough to start the growth of the young plant." The most encouraging re- 
 ports for this county come from the township of Moore. But if there was too little snow 
 in Lambton for the protection of wheat, there was too much in the adjoining county of 
 Huron. A Stanley correspondent writes : " On warm soils near the lake, where the 
 snow lay light, the wheat looks very well ; but on the heavy clay, six, eight and ten miles 
 from the lake, it is rather poor. At least one-third has been smothered -with the heavy 
 snow. Where it had a good top last fall it is badly killed ; but where it had a medium 
 top, and the land was well drained and in good condition, it is looking fresh and vigorous. 
 None has been ploughed up yet, but I think one-tenth will be." In Stephen and Hay 
 the farmers are watching and waiting, and as the root appears to be alive they are not 
 without hope of an average crop, under favourable conditions of weather, on all kinds of 
 soil. In Usborne and Tuokersmith it is feared that fully one-half of the crop has been 
 smothered with snow, "interlarded with ice." One Tuckersmith correspondent writes: 
 " Fall wheat looks very bad, and where it is not winter-killed it looks weak and puny. 
 On high, dry, well-drained soils, naturally or otherwise, it looks tolerably well, but on 
 flat land not well drained it seems to be a total failure. The unprecedented snow-fall of 
 last winter appears to have smothered or drowned out the young wheat plant, except on 
 soils where the water had freedom, to drain away. If farmers are to be believed, the 
 quantity of wheat land to be ploughed up will be immense. My own opinion is, that 
 with fine genial weather and warm rains the greater portion of the wheat will recover 
 and be a fair crop. At this date the weather is frosty and injurious." Another corres- 
 pondent in the same township says that where the wheat was sown early on good summer 
 fallow it has survived the heavy snows and ice. The Michigan Amber, he adds, is 
 mostly all killed out, and similar reports are made regarding this variety from other sec- 
 tions. A correspondent reporting for Ashfield, Colborne and Goderich says that where 
 snow laid very heavy around fences the wheat has been smothered, and that considerable 
 injury was done by alternate freezing and thawing in April. " Several fields," he writes, 
 " were ploughed up last week, and other farmers are contemplating like action. I advise 
 patience in most cases, as I befieve the roots are generally safe and would grow with 
 warm rain." He recommends the adoption of wire fences as a means of obviating snow 
 
banks. Another correspondent in the same locality, thinks that on heavy clay soil about 
 one-fourth has been injured by snow or frost, but he feels sanguine that with warm rains 
 there will yet be a fair crop. " Two or three days will make quite a change in the ap- 
 pearance of the young wheat ; " therefore he counsels a waiting policy. In Wawanosh, 
 Hullett and McKillop it is believed that fully half the crop has been smothered on low 
 and level lands by the snow, but on the high lands it is likely to be a fair crop. The same 
 is true of Grey, Morris, Turnberry and Howick. A Morris correspondent makes clear 
 the cause of the injury. " On the 5th of December," he writes, " the snow on the ground 
 was wet, and this formed the crust which has smothered the wheat. Above this crust 
 there were five other crusts distinctly perceptible, and two of the latter were strong 
 enough to bear men and horses. Four days before the thaw the surface crust could 
 scarcely be broken with a strong spade." The wire worm and the Hessian fly have done 
 harm in some localities, but the extent of their operations is trifling compared with the 
 effect of snow in the inland townships of the county. The best wheat in the county of 
 Bruce, as in Huron, is found in the lake shore townships, where the snowfall was light- 
 est. In Huron, Kincardine and Bruce it was injured only to a small extent by snow, but 
 the frosty nights and cold winds of the last half of April have had a marked efiect on late 
 sown wheat. The prospect, however, is quite as good as in former years, and it is not 
 likely that even the worst looking fields will be touched until the influence of growing 
 weather is seen. The experience of farmers who ploughed their wheat lands hastily last 
 year has taught them in this matter the lesson of cautious delay. On loamy land the 
 plant has been " heaved " by spring frosts, but on clay and sandy soils no harm has been 
 done. The reports for the southern inland townships of Kinloss, Culross and Carrick 
 are very similar to those for the adjoining townships in the county of Huron. On high 
 gravel and sandy soils the crop looks fair, but on level rich soils it has been seriously 
 damaged. "The thaw that came in February," a Culross correspondent observes, "was 
 suddenly checked and a crust was formed on the snow which is believed to have been the 
 cause of the injury to wheat. From present appearances the yield will not be one-half of 
 what it was last year." In Greenock, Brant, Elderslie and Arran the condition is 
 much the same, the plant having smothered under the snow on low and undrained lands. 
 A Greenock correspondent believes that about forty per cent, will be ploughed up. Clay 
 fields are patchy, and while the crop is more even on lighter soils, it is very thin. An 
 Arran correspondent estimates the loss in that township at seventy-five per cent. 
 Unfavourable accounts are also received from the townships of the northern peninsula. 
 The crop has been injured on all old or ploughed lands very seriously — an Amable cor- 
 respondent says, to the extent of fifty per cent. The Hessian fly and the wireworm are 
 reported to have attacked the early sown wheat in some localities last fall. 
 
 The only reports even fairly favourable of the state of the crop in the West 
 Midland counties come from the county of Wellington. In every other county of the 
 group the crop is reported as not much more than half an average to all present appear- 
 ances. Owing to the wet summer and dry fall of last year the tillage for the wheat crop 
 was not so good and thorough as usual, giving an uncertain growth to the plant. When 
 the snow came down the ground was but very slightly frozen. The weight of snow, 
 which this winter was very great, with the ice which formed during February, had a 
 prejudicial effect upon the plants beneath. A great deal of the crop was smothered, and 
 especially is this noticeable for about a couple of rods around the fences, where the snow lay 
 the heaviest. When the snow had disappeared, instead of the warm weather, which might 
 have saved a large proportion of the sickly plants, there came a couple of weeks with 
 severe frosts at night. These finished the most of the weakly plants that the snow and 
 ice of the winter had left untouched. From all these causes the fall wheat crop through- 
 out this group of counties does not promise to be more than two-thirds of a crcp, except 
 in the county of Wellington, where it may reach in most of the districts to three-quarters 
 of an average. With warm spring rains and weather, a greater quantity of roots 
 may show their vitality than is supposed to be alive at present. As a. general rule there 
 is no mention of any other agency than snow, ice and frost in the general complaints 
 regarding the crop. The warmer gravelly and sandy loams have fared better than the 
 clay and clay loams, and the higher and drier lands of the northern counties of the group 
 
bear a greater proportion of unhurt plants than the lower. Throughout the more 
 southern counties, however, the lower bottoms, where fairly drained and not wet, have 
 done better than the higher lands, which suffered from exposure. At the date of sending 
 in the reports there had been almost no warm weather or warm rains, and as a conse- 
 quence little or no grbwth. How much would require to be ploughed up, or what 
 proportion it would bear to the whole, was therefore difficult for our correspondents to 
 estimate, whilst the difficulty was increased by the fact that the whole of the wheat was 
 " patchy ;" and whether a field should be ploughed up or not would, after the summer's 
 growth had fairly started, be a balancing of probabilities as the only certainty in 
 the case. Throughout Brant, Oxford, Perth and Middlesex fall wheat will therefore 
 be far below an average crop, let the summer bring what it may ; in Wellington county 
 the proportion will be larger. The following extracts from the remarks of correspondents 
 from many sections of this district are but echoes of the general opinions of all that have 
 been received. From the township of Zorra, Oxford county, one writes thus : " Snow 
 fell heavily about the 20th of November and continued unbroken till the middle of April. 
 There was no frost in the ground and a hard crust on the snow, so that wheat was 
 smothered ; in fact there is no good wheat except in exposed spots, where the snow was 
 blown off and the ground got frozen." That is putting the matter perhaps strongly ; but 
 another in Dufferin county says : " The early sown fall wheat appears to have suffered 
 the worst. The low, damp land seems in many instances to have the best crop. I think 
 the cause of the whole injury was the ground not being frozen when the snow fell, and 
 what was stripped early seemed to be too tender to stand the frost ; where the snow 
 was heavy it seemed to smother. There are some good fields where the snow seemed to 
 be a uniform depth." Another correspondent from Waterloo county remarks : " I have 
 lived on the same farm since 1844, and this is the first year in which I have had to plough up 
 any wheat. I am now doing so, and many of my neighbours will do the same. The crop 
 from all appearance will not be over half an average." A correspondent whose very good 
 judgment can always be implicitly trusted writes from Wellington county as follows : 
 " The fall wheat to all appearance at present will be a deficient crop. It has not looked 
 so bad for many years as it does now at this season of the year." Another correspondent 
 from Middlesex takes a more hopefiil view of the situation when he says : " I have seen 
 a fair average crop of fall wheat with no better prospect than we have this year, but it 
 will require favourable weather to bring it about. The plant is not so badly winter-killed; 
 but it never was very strong, and the spring has been too cold and backward to give it a 
 chance." 
 
 The condition of wheat in the Georgian Bay counties varies with the locality, and to 
 some extent also with the fitness of the ground at seeding time. The most favorable 
 accounts are received from the southern half of Simcoe and the south-eastern townships of 
 Grey. In the northern and western townships of the latter county the crop is much the 
 same as in the inland townships of Bruce and Huron, having been smothered under the 
 encrusted snow. The winter thaw does not appear to have reached Simcoe, and although 
 the snowfall was about the same as in Grey and Bruce, it had little perceptible effect on 
 the wheat plant, excepting in hollows and alongside the fences, where the snow drifted to 
 a depth of five or six feet. In all the townships of Simcoe south of the latitude of Barrie 
 the wheat had a healthy look when the snow cleared off, although much of it, having 
 been sown late and on badly prepared ground, made but little growth in the fall. In the 
 townships north of Barrie the wheat on uplands and light soils wintered much better than 
 on the level clay lands, correspondents generally agreeing that on the latter it was 
 partially smothered by the snow. But the hard frosts and dry winds of April are 
 reported to have damaged the crop seriously everywhere, and fears are entertained that 
 a large acreage must be ploughed up. An Innisfil correspondent writes : " The wheat was 
 covered in the latter part of November, and never saw the light of day until the second 
 week in April. Where the snow was not drifted it came out beautiful, but around 
 fences it is totally killed for a rod or two all round the fields. The Clawson stood best ; 
 the Michigan Amber is considerably hurt, and the Findlay is nearly all gone." In Oro 
 the wheat is eaid to be in a critical condition. " It looked well after the snow went off," 
 one correspondent says, " but long continuance of frosty nights has greatly weakened it. 
 
and at present a good deal of it looks patchy, and some fields will be ploughed up." In 
 Vespra and Nottawasaga it is best on high and light soils, but partially killed on low, 
 heavy land. A correspondent in the last named township says that on well-worked 
 summer fallows the plant seems to be living, though delicate ; but a large area was sown 
 on stubble land and will probably be ploughed up. In Medonte and Flos the heavy snow 
 and the spring frosts have injured it seriously. A fall of snow in the last week of April, 
 followed by hard frost, is believed to have done a good deal of harm in various sections 
 of the county, yet farmers are not without hope that the prospect may be much improved 
 with warm rains and growing weather. Reports from Proton and Egremont, in Grey, 
 are generally favourable. In Normanby it is unequal, being best on high gravelly lands ; 
 on the level it has been smothered by the snow. In Bentinck, Artemesia and Osprey 
 about twenty-five per cent, has been winter killed, and where the snow lay longest and 
 deepest scarcely a living blade remains. The reports for all the northern and north- 
 western townships agree in saying that on old land much injury has been done by snow, 
 ice and spring frosts, but that on new land the crop has a promising appearance. It was, 
 however, too early at the date of the returns to express a safe opinion. With the large 
 area under crop it is probable that the total produce of the county will not fall far short 
 of an average, but much depends on the coming weather. A few correspondents mention 
 the Hessian fly as being present in the fall, but the extent of the injury done by it is 
 inappreciable. 
 
 The Lake Ontario counties are very much varied, both in their relative altitudes and 
 in their consequent climatic characteristics. While the accounts, therefore, from the more 
 westerly on the condition of the fall wheat crop are upon the whole unfavourable, those 
 from the more easterly take a more cheerful aspect. It is impossible to give a summary 
 which would include a correct report of all the counties, so that it is necessary to some 
 extent to sub-group them. In Lincoln, Wentworth and Halton the same condition of 
 affairs subsists as is found over the West Midland counties. The crop is badly injured not 
 only by the heavy snow of the winter, but also by the long-continued frosts of the spring. 
 Owing to the late period at which the most of the seed was got in, the dryness of the fall 
 and the comparatively early period at which the winter opened, the plants had not 
 attained a vigorous growth. As there was little or no frost the heavy snow of the 
 winter smothered a good deal of the crop. This is especially noticeable for some rods 
 around the fences. On the high knolls, also, whence the snow was drifted, the young 
 plants were killed. South of the lake our correspondents are unanimous in ascribing the 
 best appearance to the crop on sandy loam, whilst on the northern shore they are inclined 
 to give the palm to the clay loam lands. All agree, however, in saying that plants on 
 heavy stiff clay, as well as on low black soils undrained, have suffered very much. A 
 number of correspondents unite in testifying that drilled-in wheat presents under the 
 trying circumstances of the season the best appearance. All things taken into consider- 
 ation it is safe to assert that throughout Lincoln, Wentworth, Halton, and the southern 
 part of Peel, from twenty-five to thirty per cent, of the fall wheat crop is gone, and if we 
 were to follow the American plan the crop might there be placed at about 65. When 
 York is reached to the eastward, it would seem that matters had somewhat improved. 
 The improvement continues unabated until, on reaching Prince Edward county, we have 
 glowing accounts of the thriftiness and fine appearance of the fall wheat crop. It must 
 be borne in mind, however, that there is not a large acreage sown in Durham or North- 
 umberland, and that in some parts of York and Ontario counties there has been a 
 considerable amount of winter-killing. The worst reports in those two counties come 
 from the township of Pickering. It is universally conceded that the plants have come 
 out best on well-drained clay and clay loams. The backwardness of the season, too, has 
 prevented our correspondents from being able to judge, as they otherwise would have 
 been able, of the probabilities of the effect of the warm weather on the apparently dead 
 plants. Worst on the Lake Erie shore, bad in the West Midland counties, there is a 
 growing improvement noticeable in the crop as we move eastward. A few quotations 
 from correspondents may give the individual opinions on the subject. Thus a correspon- 
 
10 
 
 dent in Lincoln says : " The fall wheat here offers a study for the scientific farmer, 
 as all rules are upset ; the best last fall is the worst now, and the only thing that 
 makes any show is that which was put in late. As for my plants, none have been heaved 
 out, but they seem to have been frozen dead in the ground, and they stand there." 
 Another from the same county, a great fruit-grower, says : " The winter began the latter 
 end of November, and continued without a break of mild weather till the end of March, 
 while April, too, has been very cold. Now, though this has been hard upon the fall 
 wheat, it must be remembered that it was very favourable to the tender kinds of fruit." 
 Again, another correspondent in Wentworth says : " There being no frost last fall when 
 the snow came, the wheat came out very fresh and tender when the snow disappeared, so. 
 that the late frosts have had a most disastrous effect upon it." To show how completely 
 changed is the tone when the eastern part of this group is reached, take tne language of 
 two well-informed correspondents, one in Northumberland and the other in Prince 
 Edward. The first says : " Snow fell on- 2nd December and stayed till 15th April, so 
 that wheat and clover, being well protected, have come out in fine condition." The 
 second testifies as follows : " There was a great depth of snow last winter, and it 
 remained till late this spring, and has been very beneficial to the most of the faU wheat, 
 which is looking well over the whole county." 
 
 For the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the reports are singularly unanimous as 
 to the excellent condition of the wheat. A considerable area appears to have been sown, 
 and in all cases it wintered well. One correspondent in the township of Elizabethtown 
 speaks of its appearance as the " best in years," and the general tenor of the reports is to 
 the same effect. In a few instances it appears to have been smothered along the fences 
 by the high snow banks, and in the most northerly counties of the group to have been 
 injured by the frosts which have occurred since the snow disappeared ; but the latter cause 
 has been reduced to a minimum by the absence of hot sunshine. The only cases where it has 
 been injured are on low ground, and the correspondents who refer to the matter attribute 
 the injury largely to the want of underdraining. Little injury by insects is reported, the 
 only complaint on this score being from Winchester township, where the wireworm has 
 damaged some fields. A Ramsay correspondent apprehends that on account of the late- 
 ness of the season the crop will be more liable to injury by rust and the weevil. The 
 reports are almost unanimous in stating that none has been ploughed up, or is likely to 
 be. Notwithstanding the few drawbacks enumerated, the reports of this crop on the 
 whole are as encouraging as the most sanguine could desire. In speaking of fall wheat, 
 the suggestion of a Landsdowne correspondent respecting change of seed is worth quoting. 
 He says : " There is not sufficient effort made for systematic interchange of seed between 
 distant sections of the Province. I have tried it in a small way myself and am well satisfied 
 with the result. I have this season purchased about $20 worth of wheat, oats and barley 
 from the Georgian Bay, in the county of Grey. From past experience I expect to be well 
 paid for the outlay." 
 
 In the East Midland counties the fall wheat came out from under the snow in good 
 condition. The hard frosts of the latter part of April have browned it in some places, 
 but not to a serious extent. In Peterborough some correspondents state that it looks 
 best on high light land, and others that it is best on heavy clay land, but the difference 
 probably arises from difference in cultivation. In some places it has been winter-killed 
 by exposure on knolls and ridges, and in others smothered by the deep snow along the 
 fences, but to so limited an extent that very little will have to be ploughed up ; only in 
 a few low spots has it been at all injured by standing water, and no injury by worms or 
 insects is reported. A Victoria correspondent says : " A plan I find to answer well 
 where the wheat looks sickly is to put on a good pair of harrows and give a thorough 
 good tearing up ; it is wonderful to see how it will thrive afterwairds. A heavy roller 
 passed over it is also a good thing to give it a rooting." 
 
 In the northern districts there is scarcely any fall wheat grown ; what there is, how- 
 ever, is reported to look \yell and to be uninjured by snow or frost. 
 
11 
 
 WINTER RYE. 
 
 Such a thing as rye for a grain crop is almost unknown over all the West Midland 
 counties. Quite a quantity is sown in districts where cattle feeding is practised, and 
 especially in some of the dairy districts for early spring fodder and soiling purposes, but 
 that is all. The land, indeed, throughout this district is not very well suited for rye, 
 being too heavy upon the whole. A few correspondents in Oxford speak of its being 
 sown to furnish bands to tie up Indian corn. Our reports are conflicting regarding the 
 condition of the small quantity that has been sown. All agree, however, in stating that 
 it has stood the severe winter and the cold frosts of the spring much better than the fall 
 wheat. In the higher counties it is looking well ; in the lower it is not much more than 
 three-quarters of an average crop, according to present appearances. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties the acreage sown (never large) was less than usual last 
 fall, in consequence of the unfavourable state of the land. It is chiefly grown in the 
 county of Norfolk ; in North Cayuga, Seneca, and Moulton, county of Haldimand ; and 
 in Bayham, county of Elgin. The crop is reported to have wintered much better than 
 fall wheat. 
 
 In the Lake Huron counties scarcely any is grown. There is a little in Lambton and 
 Huron, sown for soiling purposes, and its condition is only medium. 
 
 In Simcoe a small area has been sown, chiefly for spring pasturage. It has wintered 
 well and looks vigorous. In Grey there does not appear to be any grown. 
 
 Throughout the Lake Ontario group of counties there is a greater quantity of rye 
 sown in Prince Edward, perhaps, than in any of the others, though throughout the rear 
 portions of Northumberland it is also a common crop. In many parts of the Province 
 there is an unfounded prejudice against this grain. It is taken as indicating a poor soil 
 and poor farming. Throughout this district, as a matter of fact, it is found as a grain 
 crop principally on the lighter soils of a sandy and gravelly nature. For early grazing, 
 soiHng, and ploughing under as summer fallow, it is used throughout the heavier lands. 
 In the western counties of the group it is not looking well, though it has stood the 
 winter better than wheat. The warmer weather may remedy that. Down along the 
 lake, to the eastward, it is reported as being in good order and making a good promise. 
 In the northern parts of Peel, Ontario, and Durham, where it is grown, the reports are 
 favourable, whilst all our correspondents in Northumberland and Prince Edward speak 
 in very high terms of the present appearance of the crop. 
 
 With the exception of the counties of Glengarry and Prescott fall rye has been 
 extensively sown in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties, and with scarcely an excep- 
 tion it is reported to be in excellent condition. With kindly weather it will doubtless 
 give a large yield. 
 
 In the East Midland counties it does not appear to have been sown to any great 
 extent, except in Hastings, where a considerable area is reported. It looks well gene- 
 rally ; where the contrary is the case it is attributed to having been sowed too late in the 
 fall. 
 
 There appears to be even less rye than wheat grown in the northern districts. What 
 there is looks well, and has been uninjured by the winter. 
 
 CLOVER. 
 
 Prom all quarters over the West Midland counties come the most cheering accounts 
 of the condition and prospects of the clover crop. Owing to the moist summer of last 
 year there was a fine catch, and it went under the snow as a good, strong, healthy, well- 
 developed plant. There was almost no frost in the ground, so that "heaving" in the 
 spring has been almost unknown. Here and . there from parts of Middlesex on the 
 heavier bottoms, especially when these are undrained, there come accounts of a little, as 
 also from some of the higher lands of Dufferin. But with those exceptions the testimony 
 
12 
 
 of all our correspondents is to the same effect — that seldom has the clover stood the 
 winter and the frosts of spring so well as it has this year. Throughout some parts of 
 Perth and Oxford there has been quite an amount of old clover thrown out by spring 
 frosts, but that has only taken place upon the lower undrained lands. Of course, as the 
 spring has been so backward, the progress of the crop is slow and the growth not at all 
 what might be expected at the season of the year. On the whole, the prospects of a fine 
 crop at present are most promising. An interesting field for speculation is opened by 
 the success of the clover and the contemporaneous failure of the fall wheat. Doubtless, 
 the relative strength and weakness of the plants on entering the winter has had a great 
 deal to do with it. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties the clover has suffered much in the same way as the 
 wheat, but to a less extent. The worst effects are noticeable in the southern townships 
 of Essex, in Kent, and in Norfolk. The ice coat and hard frosts of February killed it 
 outright in some localities ; but, generally speaking, it promises to be a fair average crop. 
 Some correspondents in northern Essex, Elgin, Haldimand and Welland say it never 
 looked better. There are in the two counties last named, however, some complaints of 
 injury being done by the clover weevil or some other insect, which attacks the roots of 
 the plant. No injury has been done by "heaving." 
 
 Excepting in the interior of Lambton and in one or two of the northern townships 
 of Bruce, the clover meadows of the Lake Huron counties are reported to be in excellent 
 condition, A large breadth was sown last year, and it got a fine catch. Being well pro- 
 tected through the winter, it promises to be an abundant crop. A correspondent in 
 Lambton fears that his locality (township of Plympton) has been reached by the clover 
 midge, which feeds on the roots of the plant. On heavy clay lands the frosts of April 
 have done some injury, but the extent is hardly appreciable. 
 
 In Grey and Simcoe it has come well through the winter, but in some localities it 
 was partially smothered by the deep snow. No injury has been done by spring frosts, 
 savLag that growth has been retarded. It promises to be a heavy crop this year. 
 
 Throughout the Lake Ontario counties it is reported as being in most excellent con- 
 dition. There is quite an amount of the old clover thrown out by the spring frosts, but 
 very little of last year's seeding. As the old clover received a pretty heavy dose in the 
 winter of 1882, there was not much of it left to be injured. The only accounts of any 
 even partial failures came from Lincoln at the west, and Prince Edward on the east. In 
 the former the higher lands have suffered a little, but in the latter the lower bottoms are 
 injured, more especially on account of the ice of February. In both cases, their close 
 proximity to the lake had caused a bareness of snow at various times during January 
 and February. As there was little frost in the ground, there was no smothering of the 
 plants, and there has been a pretty steady range of cold this spring, and not so much 
 thawing and freezing, so that heaving has been almost unknown, even though there 
 were pretty hard frosts all through April. The spring is, of course, backward, and, as one 
 cautious correspondent from Northumberland says : " We are not yet quite out of 
 danger if the weather keeps dry." Upon the whole, as another correspondent from Hal- 
 ton puts it, " the clover has come out of its winter sleep " in excellent trim, and the pre- 
 sent appearances for a fine crop of clover hay are of the most cheering description. 
 
 In the eastern group of counties the crop is reported to be in very good condition. 
 The heavy snowfall during the winter protected it from injury. There has been little 
 growth yet, on account of frost and the want of warm showers ; but such reports as — 
 "never remember seeing a better prospect for a crop," from Addington, and "clover is 
 the best known for years," from Leeds (which voice nearly all others), give good ground 
 for the hope that clover will be abundant in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties this 
 year. 
 
 In the East Midland counties last year nearly all the clover was killed. This year, 
 from new seeding, it looks remarkably well. It has not been injured to any appreciable 
 extent by the winter or spring frosts. 
 
 In the northern districts it is reported as looking very well, except in McKellar 
 township (Parry Sound), where one correspondent says : " New seeding on clay is 
 killed; old seeding all right." 
 
13 
 
 SURPLUS IN FARMERS' HANDS. 
 
 Grain and live stock are the more common things to be found in the hands of the 
 farmers in the spring of the year. The quantity of grain in the granaries of the farmers 
 of the West Midland counties is perhaps above the average. It is held only by some of 
 them, however, the majority having retained no more than will be needed for home con- 
 sumption. The percentage of the crop in the hands of the farmers is therefore difficult to 
 estimate, but it cannot certainly be placed higher than twenty per cent, above requirements. 
 Some of our most enterprising farmers are found in this district, and there are but few of 
 them who do not sell their grain in the usual marketing season, even though prices 
 are not up to the desired mark. There is quite a quantity of hay on hand, but it is 
 not likely that much will be left after the stock have been brought through this long 
 spring. As the live stock trade with Great Britain has now reached great proportions, it 
 is satisfactory to note that through this West Midland district, which contains perhaps 
 the finest beef-producing counties of the Province, there has been a good supply of fat 
 cattle — more especially in Dufferin, Wellington, Waterloo and Middlesex. Throughout 
 May and June large numbers will be leaving our ocean ports, as the great majority have 
 been sold for May and June shipment. The number of fat cattle is about the average, 
 certainly not above. The quantity of store cattle varies with the part of the district 
 named. In Brant, Oxford and Perth the number is about the average ; in Wellington 
 and Waterloo there are complaints of a scarcity. Upon the whole our live stock trade in 
 cattle and sheep opens this year with excellent prospects, so far as this district is 
 concerned. 
 
 There is in all the Lake Erie counties a fair amount of wheat in reserve ; but more 
 in Kent, Norfolk and Haldimand than in the other three. Hay is abundant in all the 
 counties, and a large quantity will be held over. The supply of oats is not more than 
 sufficient for home wants. Fat cattle are scarce everywhere, but store ones are moderately 
 numerous. There is an active demand for the latter, and good prices are paid. 
 
 The farmers of Lambton and of the northern townships of Bruce have sold the bulk 
 of their surplus wheat, but in the other portions of the Lake Huron counties a large 
 amount is held for a rise in prices. Hay is plentiful at $6 to $8 per ton, but it is 
 doubtful if the supply of oats is more than enough for summer feeding. In Huron and 
 Bruce a goodly number of fat cattle have been sold for May delivery, and many more are 
 being got ready for June and July. Store cattle are reported in fair numbers, but 
 farmers prefer to keep them for summer grazing. The practice of feeding cattle with 
 meal on grass is coming into more general favour. 
 
 In Grey the bulk of the wheat has been sent to market, but a number of the more 
 prosperous farmers are holding on for higher prices. In Simcoe a much larger quantity 
 has been reserved. The supply of oats is not more than sufficient for home consumption. 
 Store cattle are more numerous in both counties than last year, but most of the fat cattle 
 have been sold for May delivery. In the northern townships of Grey large numbers are 
 being fed for the later markets. Prices for store cattle rule high everywhere. 
 
 The most of the farmers living in the counties bordering on Lake Ontario are near a 
 market for grain, and able to take advantage of good prices when these are going. There 
 are smaller quantities remaining in their hands at any rate than in many other parts of 
 the Province. A large number of correspondents, upon whose judgment implicit reliance 
 may be placed, estimate the extent of last year's crop still unsold at about one-third. 
 But all things considered, and leaving out what is still required for home consumption, 
 we should place the amount of last year's crop still in the granaries in this district at 
 about twenty per cent. Most of it is held by the wealthier farmers, so that an average 
 «.n hardly be struck. Hay is abundant throughout this district, except in the eastern 
 section, and even after the supply is encroached upon by the demands of a late spring, there 
 will in most cases be a little to market or preserve. Oats are, however, not more than 
 enough in quantity. In the central portion of this group fat cattle are somewhat scarce, 
 for, as one correspondent remarks, "buyers have been round all winter." All fat cattle 
 fit for export have been sold for May and June delivery at remunerative prices. Through- 
 
14 
 
 out the western counties of the group the number of store cattle is not considered quite 
 sufficient, whereas the quantity of fat cattle throughout the eastern is the smaller. la 
 eastern, central, and western, all correspondents agree in testifying that not near enough 
 of cattle are raised by the farmers, and that there are altogether too many so-called fat 
 cattle which go to the local butchers that are only store cattle, and too few really well 
 bred, good sized animals fit for export. The remedy lies in the hands of the farmers 
 themselves. 
 
 There is not much wheat remaining in farmers' hands in the eastern district, the 
 only county where there is any surplus being Renfrew.' In all the others there is not 
 more than enough for home consumption. In the western counties of the group there is 
 a small surplus of oats reported, but as a rule prices have been so good during the winter 
 that farmers have sold all they had to spare. A Dundas county correspondent places the 
 ruling figure at forty-five cents. There has been a large demand for hay for export, and 
 this trade has reached large dimensions in the St. Lawrence counties. Pat cattle are 
 scarce, except about Presoott, where there are a number of distillery-fed animals on hand. 
 Store cattle are reported in considerable numbers. There is in the northern counties a 
 surplus of hay reported, but no more of oats than is required for home consumption, the 
 overplus having been purchased by the lumbermen during the winter. Fat cattle are 
 scarce, but store cattle are numerous enough for home needs. 
 
 A considerable quantity of wheat is stUl held by the farmers in western Peter- 
 borough and southern Victoria, prices hitherto not having been satisfactory. There is a 
 surplus of hay, but little oats. In Otonabee a good many fat cattle are reported ; but in 
 other places they are scarce, and not more than the usual number of store cattle. 
 
 ERriT TREES AND VEGETATION. 
 
 The replies of correspondents were sent in about the first of the month, and there 
 was little sign of any vegetation throughout the West Midland counties at that date. It 
 was too soon also, owing to the lateness of the season, to give any definite answer about 
 the fruit trees. The blight of last spring, it is feared, will cause a large mortality 
 amongst apple trees in this district, but it was too soon to give any decided verdict. All 
 agree in saying that the trees have stood the winter well, but many through the southern 
 portion of the district fear the effects of the hard winter on the peach trees. It is all the 
 better that the spring is so late if, after the buds open, they are in no wise set back. 
 Throughout Perth and Brant especially there are serious complaints of trees being 
 girdled by the mice. Outside of that, so far as could be judged on the 1st of May, fruit 
 trees in those counties looked remarkably well. 
 
 Orchards in the Lake Erie counties are looking healthy, and no injury appears to 
 have been done by winter weather. The condition of peach trees is not regarded as satis- 
 factory, so far as the promise of a crop is concerned, but apple and pear trees were well 
 loaded with fruit buds. Owing, however, to the lateness of the season, correspondents 
 are diffident in expressing opinions. Many trees in Norfolk county were injured by 
 mice during the winter. In some parts of Elgin the " black knot " is injuring cherry 
 trees, and it behooves fruit-growers to see that the provisions of chapter 33 of the Ontario 
 statutes for 1879 are enforced. 
 
 In the Lake Huron counties the grass had scarcely made a start at the date of the 
 returns ; it was consequently too early to report with any degree of accuracy on the con- 
 dition of fruit trees. As well as ccmld be determined, however, apple and plum trees 
 have come safely through the winter, and are covered with fruit buds. The peach buds 
 are also reported safe in the Lake Shore district of Huron. As usually happens in 
 winters of deep snow, the mice have girdled a great number of young trees. 
 
 There was little sign of vegetation in Grey and Simcoe at the date of the returns, it 
 having been kept in check by a succession of hard frosts. Fruit trees presented a healthy 
 appearance, and did not seem to be at all injured by the long winter. 
 
 Over the whole of the Lake Ontario group of counties, as elsewhere, vegetation had 
 
15 
 
 scarcely started when our correspondents sent in their returns. Here and there, where 
 spots were more sheltered than others, the green grass was to be seen, but that was the 
 exception and not the rule. Little can, therefore, be definitely asserted about the fruit 
 trees, but all agree in testifying to the fact that the winter has not apparently injured 
 them. It had been constantly cold, and the buds were not even swelling, so that all 
 testimony was but mere opinion. Throughout Lincoln and Wentworth — both fruit- 
 growing counties — the prospect, so far, is said to be good. The steady winter has been 
 favourable, and the backward spring is no disadvantage if it keep back the buds. The 
 strawberries have suffered a little from the want of snow at times during the winter, but 
 they are not killed. Peaches, too, have suffered a little, but very little. All other fruits 
 are looking well. Our correspondents, especially over the western and central parts of 
 this group, ihention the anxiety with which farmers generally are waiting to see the 
 result of last year's blight on the apple trees. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa, as well as in the East Midland counties, there was 
 scarcely sign of growth at the date of the returns, and for this reason it was impossible 
 to tell whether the fruit trees have been injured, though the general opinion is that they 
 have stood the winter well, the deep snow having protected them, and the steady cold 
 being better for them than alternate freezing and thawing. In some places they have 
 been damaged by field mice, but not to a very serious extent. 
 
 CONDITION OF LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The West Midland counties comprise some of the finest stock districts of the 
 Province, and the reports from them on the condition of live stock this spring are 
 upon the whole most favourable. The winter, though long, has been steady and regular, 
 and thus favourable to animal life of all kinds. The abundant harvest of last year 
 gave a plentiful supply of fodder for the winter months, though the straw was not, in 
 many instances, as fine as it might have been, owing to the wet harvest. Indeed, the 
 only scarcity of fodder of any kind mentioned by our correspondents from this district 
 was clover hay for the sheep at lambing time, and, of course, the winter of 1882 finished 
 any chance of that. Horses have come out of the winter looking well. In parts of 
 Middlesex " pink-eye " and a form of paralysis have been common, whilst correspondents 
 from Perth and Brant speak of the milder diseases of distemper and influenza as having 
 been prevalent. The cattle have all a most thrifty appearance this spring, and are every- 
 where reported in this district as being in excellent condition. Sheep are healthy, out- 
 side of the usual troubles incident to the time of parturition. There is much complaint, 
 especially in Waterloo county, of dying lambs ; but though the season has not been so 
 favourable as some others, yet there is no room upon the whole for complaint. _ The com- 
 plaint of a failure of young pigs is widespread, throughout Dufferin, Wellington and 
 Waterloo, many dying soon after parturition, and many sows not breeding at all. Upon 
 the whole, the prospect for live stock has never been better at this season of the year in 
 this district, and with the high prices prevailing a successful season is anticipated. 
 
 The Lake Huron counties having been favoured with a steady, unbroken winter, 
 all kinds of live stock fed well and are reported in good condition. With an abundance 
 of hay and straw, a fair supply of roots, and a considerable quantity^ of unmarketable 
 coarse grains, farmers fed with a liberal hand, consequently the condition of animals is 
 generally regarded as satisfactory. Pink-eye has been somewhat troublesome in portions 
 of Huron and Bruce, causing mares to lose their foals. A great mortality is reported 
 among young pigs, but the cause is unknown. There has also been more than an average 
 loss of spring lambs. Cows are healthy, but a little thin in flesh. 
 
 The reports for the Lake Erie counties are uniformly favourable. There has been 
 an abundance of fodder, and the cattle have fared well in consequence. There are some 
 complaints, however, of its poor quality, owing to last year's rank growth ; but the high 
 prices have encouraged farmers to feed liberally. An Elgin farmer writes : " Stock is 
 booming, but few farmers have a supply, much less a surplus, owing to the extensive tillage 
 
16 
 
 of past years." The health of stock is generally reported good ; ailments are the excep- 
 tion, and none are of a serious character. Hog cholera prevails to some extent in Essex, 
 but scorched corn is said to be a sure cure for it when given in time. A report from 
 the eastern part of Kent mentions a disease among cattle called " dry murrain," from the 
 effects of which a number have died. The food becomes as dry as snuff in the second 
 stomach. In Norfolk and Haldimand many farmers complain of the loss of young pigs, 
 and in Welland a fever among breeding ewes has resulted in the death of a large number 
 of lambs. 
 
 Throughout Grey and Simcoe farm animals are generally healthy, but somewhat thin 
 in flesh. There was a good supply of fodder, though apparently of inferior nutritive 
 qualities. Hay was scarce in some districts of Grey, and sold as high as $16 per ton ; 
 generally, however, the price did not exceed $10 in those counties. A large quantity of 
 barley was fed. Horses are in excellent condition, but in one or two localities there were 
 numerous cases of " pink-eye." A Tecumseth correspondent refers to a new kind of dis- 
 temper which has attacked them. It makes little or no outward show, but prostrates 
 the animal attacked at once, and a number have died from the effects of it. An Innisfil 
 correspondent notices that there is this year a large number of farrow cows, which will 
 be sold off the grass for beef. Milch cows are scarce and dear. Breeding ewes were in 
 poor flesh, and many lambs died from lack of nourishment and the effects of severe 
 weather in March and April. A large number of farmers complain of losing whole litters 
 of pigs, but the cause of the mortality is unknown. The steady demand for cattle and 
 horses has induced farmers to pay more attention to the improving of their stocks. A 
 Tecumseth correspondent says : " I noticed at our spring fairs a great_ increase in the 
 number of shorthorn bulls, and some splendid animals were exhibited. Some Norman 
 Percheron stallions have also been introduced in this township, but from what I have 
 seen of them and their progeny I think they are too light in the bone to bring high 
 prices, or even to work our heavy land. Their standard colour being gray is also against 
 their market value. I think the Clydesdale is preferable, and public opinion is in their 
 favour." Another correspondent, in the northern part of Grey, says that in his section 
 farmers are taking more to the raising of stock. They have formed a company in St. 
 Vincent and Sydenham, and have brought in five good bulls and five or six Clydesdale 
 and Percheron horses. A correspondent at Orillia expresses the opinion that farmers 
 feed too few cattle for the foreign market. In consequence, there is a scarcity of rich 
 manure, and, as little or nothing is done in artificial fertilizers, the land is bound to run 
 out. Neither are there any cheese or butter factories in the district, and there is too 
 much dependence on fall wheat. 
 
 From every part of the Lake Ontario counties come the most gratifying accounts of 
 the manner in which the live stock have stood the winter. As one correspondent puts 
 it, " the only ones that look at all shaky are the beasts that have roughed" it round the 
 straw stacks all winter." Horses have come out in excellent condition, though here and 
 there distemper has been rife, and " pink-eye " is reported from parts of Halton and 
 Durham counties. As prices are and have been high, corresponding care has been taken 
 of horses. Cattle are looking well, and have been in good demand throughout this dis- 
 trict. Sheep have stood the long winter well, though this has not been as good a spring 
 for lambing, according to the almost invariable testimony of our correspondents, as last 
 spring was. Pigs through the eastern counties of the group are scarce, and everywhere 
 throughout the lake district there is a complaint of the death of young pigs, and many 
 complaints also of a failure of sows breeding. Considering the length of the winter — 
 snow having fallen on the 13th November and remained on the ground till late in April 
 — there has been a splendid supply of fodder. Not a single complaint of any scarcity of 
 feed of any kind throughout this district has been received. All unite, too, in testifying 
 to the greater care that is now being taken in the country of live stock of all kinds. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the general condition of live stock is 
 reported to be good. In some cases cattle are thin, owing to the long-continued winter. 
 A Ramsay correspondent speaks of their lean condition being due to poor fodder, which 
 is accounted for by the bad harvest weather of last year. Where housed, they have not 
 suffered to any extent, and if thin in some cases their general health is good. Fodder 
 
17 
 
 has been plentiful. If the amount on hand has become exhausted towards the spring, it 
 may doubtless be attributed to waste in the early part of the season. Most of the reports, 
 however, state that there has been enough and to spare. Live stock has been generally 
 free from disease. A few cases of " pink-eye " among horses are reported, and in the 
 county of Renfrew glanders and strangles showed to a limited extent. Cattle have 
 been affected in some places by scouring, which caused weakness and some mortality, and 
 in one section of the township of Drummond a skin disease, something like ringworm, 
 made its appearance. The amount of disease among horses and cattle, however, is nothing 
 more than may be looked for in an average season. The winter has been rather a hard 
 one for sheep, which have been closely confined by the deep snow. A distemper has 
 appeared in some localities, from which many have died. A Burgess correspondent puts 
 the loss in that township at five per cent. Blindness and grub are reported from Lans- 
 downe ; a swelling of the legs, like rheumatism, from Storrington ; a refusal to eat for 
 four or five days, followed by death, from Oso (which also affected pigs). The mortality 
 among spring lambs is reported to be considerable, and the same holds true to a less 
 degree among pigs. Considering the length and severity of the winter, stock appears to 
 be on the whole in a very satisfactory condition. 
 
 Animals are reported to have stood the winter well throughout the East Midland 
 counties. Cattle are thin in some cases, but healthy. Very little disease is reported. A 
 distemper affected a few of the horses in Peterborough and Victoria, but it was not of a 
 fatal character. In Dummer a skin disease, like ringworm, is reported among cattle, 
 called by some " mange." A disease of the nature of bloody murrain is also spoken of 
 by a correspondent in the same township, from which many animals have died. A 
 number of sheep have died in Hungerford, but from what cause is unknown. Generally 
 speaking, the condition of live stock is very satisfactory, and fodder is reported to have 
 been abundant. 
 
 In the northern districts farm stock stood the winter well, and are in good condition. 
 The only disease reported is among sheep in Stephenson, where a number have died from 
 an ailment which produces paralysis of the hind quarter. A post-mortem examination 
 shows the liver to be fiabby and the heart more or less black. Fodder has been abundant 
 and to spare. 
 
 PROGRESS OF SPRING WORK. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland counties, as over th6 greater part of the Province, 
 very little had been done by the 1st of May towards overtaking the spring work. 
 Ploughing was pretty universal over the whole district by about the 15th of April. In 
 some of the southern counties of the group it is reported to have begun as early as the 
 10th, whilst in some of the higher altitudes of Wellington and Dufferin the 27th is 
 named. Little seeding had been done before the 1st of May. A great deal more would 
 have gone into the ground during the last week of April but for the unfavourable 
 character of the weather. The majority of the correspondents place its commencement 
 about the 27th and some the 20th, but all agree in saying that very little had been sown 
 by the 1st of May. Indeed, though ploughing on sod was common enough, there was a 
 great deal of stubble which remained unploughed in the fall that was standing untouched 
 on the first of this month. 
 
 Ploughing commenced about the 8th of April in Essex and the western townships of 
 Kent, and seeding about the 15th. In Elgin, Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland work 
 commenced about a week later. A large breadth of spring grain (probably one-half of 
 the whole) was sown before the end of the month. Many wheat fields were being re-sown 
 in whole or in part with oats, barley and peas. 
 
 In Lambton farmers made an early start, and the bulk of spring grain was sown by 
 the end of April. In some sections ploughing commenced on the 5th and seeding on the 
 10th, but as a rule operations were not active until the 15th. In Huron, owing to the 
 great depth of snow (which was carried off slowly by south winds and the sun's heat). 
 
18 
 
 the ground was not in condition to be worked much earlier than the 25th, and only a 
 small area was sown on the 1st of May. The good effects of frost are absent this spring, 
 and the land works sodden and heavy. As a thorough pulverizer, there is no agent so 
 serviceable as a winter frost. In many parts of Bruce ploughing was commenced on the 
 20th, but very little seed was sown before the 1st of May. In those three counties a 
 large acreage will be put~under spring crops. 
 
 In Grey and Simcoe ploughing commenced about the 20th of April, but work was 
 considerably interrupted by snow and frosts. Only a limited acreage was sown at the 
 date of the returns. 
 
 A considerable proportion of the land over the Lake Ontario counties, especially in 
 the rear of the counties, is of a light character, yet the testimony is universal that little 
 or nothing had been done up to the date of our correspondents' reports, the 1st of May. 
 Ploughing was pretty general in the rear about the 15th, but did not commence generally 
 on the lake shore until the 23rd. Of course seeding was about a week later ; though 
 owing to the cold weather during the last of April, and the total want of growth, very 
 little seed went into the ground that week compared with what otherwise would have 
 been sown. The county farthest forward with spring work of the whole group would 
 seem to be Prince Edward. 
 
 In the eastern and northern sections of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa group no pro- 
 gress had been made with spring work up to the 1st of May. The only ploughing done 
 was on the sod on high ground, which was commenced during the last week of April. In 
 one or two instances a little spring wheat and peas had been sown. In the southern and 
 western sections a little more progress had been made, ploughing having commenced from 
 the 15th to the 20th of April, but comparatively little seeding has been done, the ground 
 being cold and wet. The hard frost at night seriously interfered with ploughing. A 
 Perth correspondent speaks of a large area of fall ploughing having been done in the 
 neighbourhood of that town, which must facilitate work in such a backward season. A 
 notable exception to the general report of backwardness comes from Camden East. A 
 correspondent says : " Farmers are nearly all seeding this week ; seeding began about 
 the 20th." 
 
 Spring work is very much behind in the East Midland counties. Ploughing has been very 
 much retarded by the wetness of the land, which is this season greater than usual, there 
 being so little frost in the ground that when the snow melted the water soaked in instead 
 of running off. Ploughing commenced generally from the 20th to the 25th of April on 
 high ground, but comparatively little seeding was done by 1st May. 
 
 In the northern districts ploughing commenced the last week in April, and on 1st 
 May very little seeding had been done beyond a few oats on high land. 
 
 NEW SEED GRAIN. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland counties there have been very few new varieties of 
 seed introduced, according to the universal testimony of all our correspondents. One 
 from Middlesex county mentions the Beauty of Hebron potato as taking the place of 
 the Early Rose in his locality. Another correspondent from Waterloo county speaks of 
 the Russian and Morley oats, and the Burbanks Seedling and White Elephant potato as 
 having been during the last season found successful in the neighbourhood of Gait. Seed 
 fairs are held at some points during the spring, especially in Wellington and Waterloo, 
 in which there is an exchange between farmers of the same and adjoining townships, but 
 all unite in testifying that there is throughout this district no systematic effort for inter- 
 change of seed between different parts of the Province. Regarding this question a 
 correspondent in Perth county says : " The Farmers' Club of this neighbourhood 
 discussed the advantages of the Model Farm, and arrived at the conclusion that that 
 institution should devote more attention to the testing of new kinds of grain, and to have 
 some way of distributing any reliable kinds through the country." 
 
 No systematic effort is made in the Lake Erie counties to introduce new varieties of 
 
19 
 
 seed, but in some localities seed grain brought in by agricultural societies from northern 
 and eastern counties gives a good measure of satisfaction, though not usually in the first 
 year. Egyptian wheat, as tested by the past winter, is pronounced to be very hardy, 
 and last year it yielded well. Russian oats has been tried in Welland, and a corres- 
 pondent says that in addition to being a heavy grain it yields well and is not subject to 
 rust. 
 
 The farmers of the Lake Huron counties fully appreciate the value of introducing 
 new varieties of seeds, but the experiments made are frequently disappointing. Manitoba 
 grain has been tried in Lambton, and has turned out a failure. Among varieties of oats 
 the Black Tartarian seems to be the favourite in black oats and Australian in white, but 
 the latter ripens late. The former yields forty-five bushels per acre in the northern town- 
 ships of Huron. Several varieties of fall wheat have been introduced recently with 
 varying results. The Michigan Amber gave a large yield last year, but is this year 
 nearly all killed out. A correspondent in Usborne township says that the Democrat 
 stood the winter best there ; but in Greenock and Kincardine, in Bruce, it has failed. 
 One correspondent says it has been completely winter-killed, and another says that the 
 Russian Red, Findlay and Democrat are fifty per cent, worse than the Olawson. The ^ 
 Egyptian, which is a leading favourite in the Lake Erie counties, is a failure in Bruce. 
 A great deterioration has taken place in spring wheat in the past few years, both as 
 regards quantity and quality, and so far no new variety tried has been found to give 
 satisfaction. Potatoes imported into Bruce from the Lower Provinces are found to yield 
 twenty per cent, more than the old varieties. A Turnberry correspondent is going to try 
 black barley instead of peas for feeding purposes.; a small quantity sown last year turned 
 out well. A Hullett correspondent finds that the result of a change of seed (under 
 favouring conditions) is to give a better quality of grain and to increase the yield fully 
 one-fifth. An East Wawanosh correspondent says : " There is a regular interchange 
 here of fall and spring wheat for seed, as also of oats and potatoes, and the more frequent 
 the better. If the change is from the north it will continue good a longer time than 
 when obtained from the south." EflEbrts have been made by the Grangers of Greenock 
 township this year to establish a seed fair, for the exchange of seed of all kinds, and 
 several Grange societies both in Huron and Bruce are conducting a systematic exchange 
 of seeds with the Grangers in other parts of the Province with good results. A Tucker- 
 smith correspondent, remarking on this practice says : " The best change we get is from 
 a sandy or pine land country, our soil being chiefly clay. Erom Paris (say) is a good 
 change for us." A Stanley correspondent says farmers are tired paying fancy prices for 
 fancy seeds that in nine cases out of ten don't amount to a row of pins. There is con- 
 siderable changing, he adds, and he thinks with much benefit, from the lighter soils near 
 the lake to the heavier soils inland, from the north to the south, and viae versa. The 
 traffic in fancy seeds is doubtless a risky one for the farmer, for however fair in his deal- 
 ings the seedsman may be, he is himself occasionally the victim of imposture. The 
 Grange bodies have this advantage, that all the members are farmers, that they can 
 trust each other, and that they possess an organization capable of doing the work of 
 exchanging seeds efficiently and economically. 
 
 Less attention seems to be paid to the introduction of new seeds in Simcoe and Grey 
 than in some other sections of the Province, but the necessity of it is gradually being 
 forced upon farmers. This is especially true in regard to spring wheat, barley and oats, 
 and the experiments made«have generally given satisfactory results. In the neighbour- 
 hood of Orillia the White Russian and White Fife varieties of spring wheat have been 
 introduced— the former taking the lead and yielding well. A correspondent in Artemesia, 
 county of Grey, says: "The subject has been well discussed by farmers in the past 
 winter, and all agree that the importation of White Russian and Scotch Fife has become 
 a necessity. These varieties have been proven to be well suited to our soil a,nd climate, 
 but it is necessary to have a change periodically." A Holland correspondent in the same 
 county says the advantages of change are found to be very great, especially when seed 
 from a distance is sown on a difierent soil. In Collingwood township a fair is held every 
 spring for the exchange of seeds. A correspondent in this township says that wild oats 
 are becoming a nuisance, and measures to eradicate them are urgently called for. Some 
 
20 
 
 farms are almost ruined by them. There is no need of placing this variety on the 
 exchange list, for it never runs out. 
 
 The Lake Ontario counties comprise one of the finest grain-growing portions of the 
 Province. Very few new varieties of grains have, however, been introduced. A few 
 tried last fall one or two new kinds of fall wheat, but though new to their respective 
 localities there is not a single variety reported that is . at all new to the Province. 
 Besides, the partial failure of the fall wheat crop will spoil the experiments to a certain 
 extent. Various kinds of spring wheat have been bought to try, but of course nothing 
 can be said of results. A Russian barley, six-rowed, has been extensively bought for 
 sowing this spring in the central part of this district. The usual new varieties of oats, 
 and the White Elephant, White Star, Mammoth, and Beauty of Hebron varieties of 
 potatoes will be sown and planted. Some two or three seed fairs have been established 
 in this group of counties, but the seed dealers do the most of the pushing of new varieties. 
 In the same way millers assist very materially in the interchange of seed. In most of 
 these counties there is a difference of soil between the front and rear, and the interchange 
 of seed is made accordingly ; but all correspondents unite in deploring the want of any 
 systematic interchange between different parts of the Province. 
 
 The testimony of correspondents in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties is that 
 where new varieties have been imported, or where neighbours have exchanged seed — as, 
 for Instance, sowing what came off light land on heavy land, and vice versa — good results 
 have invariably followed. White Russian wheat has been imported in a number of 
 instances, and also a variety known as " Lost Nation," both of which are said to yield 
 better than Fife ; but millers discourage the movement, as they declare the flour to be 
 inferior to that made from Fife wheat. The White Russian oat has been tried in a 
 number of places and it gives general satisfaction, the yield being very heavy, though a 
 Perth correspondent says it has not come up to expectation. The Australian oat has 
 been tried in Matilda, but is not likely to become popular. The Beauty of Hebron 
 potato is rapidly growing in favour. A Dundas county correspondent says that new 
 varieties of peas, oats and potatoes seem to do best when brought from the lower Pro- 
 vinces. 
 
 Few new varieties of seed have been introduced in the East Midland counties. One 
 correspondent says the farmers have been so often imposed on that they are careful as to 
 purchasing so-called new varieties. White Russian wheat has been introduced, and 
 meets with favour, as well as Defiance and other varieties. White Russian is said by 
 one correspondent to be best liked by millers. An Otonabee correspondent places the 
 yield of the newer varieties in the following order : Arnecta^ Lost Nation, White 
 Russian. The White Russian oat is well spoken of, and the Welcome oat, which is said 
 to weigh fifty pounds to the level bushel, has been introduced from Philadelphia, but the 
 fear is expressed that it comes from too warm a climate to do well here. The White 
 Elephant potato is growing in favour. No systematic change of seed has been intro- 
 duced, but there is a consensus of opinion that such is desirable. 
 
 The country being new, the farmers of the northern districts have not felt the 
 necessity of changing seed as in older settlements. Where done it has been attended 
 with good results. White Russian wheat was introduced into Muskoka two years ago. 
 Several new varieties of potatoes have done well. 
 
 FARM LABOURERS. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland counties there is considerable diversity in the rate of 
 wages paid to the farm labourers, but there is none in the universally-expressed opinion 
 that these labourers are a very scarce commodity. The number of young men that have 
 left the Province for Manitoba will, no doubt, account for the scarcity, partially at any 
 rate. Many correspondents urge an increased immigration of agricultural labourers to 
 weet the demand. Wages for the summer months range from $16 to $22 per month, 
 with board, and $25 to $30 per month without. There are very few married men en- 
 
21 
 
 gaged for the summer mouths only, so that the usual figure paid through all this district 
 is from $18 to $22 a month, with board; and side by side with these are working 
 labourers engaged by the year, who are receiving about $200, with board, or from $250 
 to $300 without board, but with house rent and fuel in most cases. The following re- 
 marks are worth considering. Writing from Zorra township, Oxford county, one corre- 
 spondent says : " The only way that farmers can secure sufficient labour is to build 
 comfortable cottages on their farms, with a piece of land attached, and employ their men 
 by the year." The other, writing from Ekfrid township, in Middlesex, says : " I con- 
 sider that one of the greatest drawbacks and hindrances to good husbandry in Ontario is 
 the scarcity of labour and the consequent high price. But may not the man who suffers 
 most (the farmer) be somewhat to blame in the case 1 We hire single men for a few 
 months only, who feel no interest in our business, have to be paid in cash, and leave 
 when the contract has expired. This also adds a heap of work on our wives and the 
 whole household, overworked before. If this labour was performed as in the old country, 
 by a married man, all this would be changed. Every man owning and cultivating, say, 
 150 acres, should build a cottage for such a family, for the house must be built before the 
 occupants can be received." 
 
 Farm labourers are in general request throughout the Lake Erie counties, and espe- 
 cially in Norfolk, Elgin, and Kent. Correspondents report that many young men have 
 gone to the Western States and to the North- West, and without systematic effort to obtain 
 immigrants from the old country it is difficult to supply their places. Self-binders and 
 other labour-saving implements are being introduced in large numbers, but still the de- 
 mand for good farm help continues active. The general run of wages is $16 to $20 p6r 
 month for six or eight months, with board ; but many correspondents say that as much 
 as $25 per month is being paid. A Kent correspondent suggests that a fund should be 
 provided by the Government, similar to the Tile Drainage fund, to encourage the build- 
 ing of cottages for farm labourers — the money for this object to be loaned to farmers at a 
 low rate of interest. 
 
 There is a widespread complaint of the scarcity of labourers throughout the Lake 
 Huron counties, sixty-six correspondents out of eighty-five reporting the supply to be far 
 short of the demand. The general run of wages for good men for six or eight months is 
 from $18"to $20 per month, with board. Men engaged by the year get from $160 to 
 $200, board included. The cause of this present scarcity of farm help is the exodus of 
 young men to the North- West and to the Western. States, and those counties being out of 
 the track of emigration it is difficult to get new men to take the place of those who have 
 gone. 
 
 Of the fifty-eight correspondents reporting for Grey and Simcoe, forty-two report a 
 scarcity of farm labour, and wages for the season of six or eight months ranging from $16 
 to $22, with board. In Simcoe the lumber mills create a demand for labour which serves 
 to keep wages at a high figure in that county. Men employed by the year are paid $160 
 to $200, with board. 
 
 From every part of the counties bordering on Lake Ontario, as elsewhere, comes the 
 report of a great scarcity of agricultural labourers. In the central and eastern parts of 
 the district many who would otherwise have supplied the demand are working on the 
 Ontario and Quebec railway, which is in progress of construction in that section. 
 Very many correspondents urge the importation of farm labourers. The wages of 
 uninarried men, with board, range from $16 to $22 a month, and average about $19. 
 Good hands obtain usually about $20 a month and board for the eight months of the 
 season. Few are engaged in this section for the summer without board, but when they 
 are, from $25 to $30 per month are paid. The married men are usually engaged by the 
 year at from $240 to $300, with house, fuel, and cow's pasture. Unmarried men for the 
 same time are receiving from $180 to $200, with board. Occasional day labourers over 
 the whole group are not in a single instance reported as receiving less than one dollar 
 
 per day. , , , j t 
 
 In the eastern counties there is a general scarcity of farm labourers reported. In 
 Lanark and the rear of Frontenac this is partially accounted for by railway construction, 
 at which they can earn higher wages, and in Eenfrew by lumbering, at which they can 
 
22 
 
 make from $30 to $35 a month. A number of correspondents refer to the movement 
 towards Manitoba and the North- West as accounting in a large degree for the scarcity of 
 farm and domestic servants. Wages are variously stated at from |15 to $25 a month, 
 with board, the average being about $18 to $20. Where board is not included, from $5 
 to $10 extra is paid ; but the majority of farmers prefer to board their hands, and will 
 not hire them on any other consideration. 
 
 Throughout the East Midland counties there is a universal complaint that wages are 
 high. The average is about $20 a month, with board, and $25 to $30 without board. In 
 the rear of Hastings there is little demand for farm labour, as the settlers are too poor 
 to employ hired help, and all through the back townships men can find employment in 
 lumbering at higher wages than farmers can afford to pay. In the neighbourhood of 
 Peterborough railway construction helps to keep up the rate of wages. 
 
 In some townships of the northern districts farm labourers are reported plentiful, 
 and in others scarce. There is not, however, much demand for labour, as the farmers do 
 most of their own work. Wages are high, averaging from $20 to $25 a month, with 
 board. The demand for men for lumbering keeps up the rate of wages. 
 
 WILD RABBITS. 
 
 Dr. J. E. White, Secretary of the Natural History Society of Toronto, makes the 
 following brief report on this subject : " I beg to inform you that .there has been received 
 by our Committee, through your Bureau, 573 replies to the Rabbit Circular. Of these, 
 124 indicate the presence of some variety of hare other than our native one. From the 
 present indefinite information at our command, we think any report would be premature 
 and unreliable. Further information of a more satisfactory character (we hope) will be 
 in our hands in a few days, from which a report can be made." 
 
 THE WHEAT CROP ELSEWHERE. 
 
 Reports on the condition of the wheat crop in other countries are varying and con- 
 tradictory. In Great Britain and on the continent of Europe the latest accounts are 
 favourable for an average yield ; but both in Great Britain and France the area is less 
 than usual, and in Germany the plant was injured by winter weather. More encouraging 
 reports are received from Hungary and the Russian Provinces on the Black Sea. The 
 crop in India is said to be a good average, and there is a fair surplus for export. In 
 Australia it is much below an average, one report putting the yield at 4J bushels per 
 acre. In New Zealand an excellent harvest has been reaped, and it is stated that the 
 surplus for export will be fully 5,000,000 bushels. 
 
 The May report of the Department of Agriculture at Washington estimates the pro- 
 duct of fall wheat in the United States, based on its condition on the first of the month 
 at 77,000,000 bushels less than last year's crop. The Ohio report makes an estimated 
 shortage for ten of the principal fall wheat States of nearly 107,000,000. In Ohio Indi- 
 ana, Illinois and Michigan it was badly hurt by winter weather, and extensive' areas 
 have been ploughed up, or re-sown with spring grains. Later accounts indicate an im- 
 provement m the condition of the crops in these and other States of the Union • but 
 however favourable the weather may be, there does not appear to be any reason for 
 the hope that the harvest will approach last year's in the total product. 
 
STA.TISTICS OF 
 
 AREAS, POPULATION, WAGES, MARKET PRICES, 
 
 AND THE WEATHEE. 
 
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26 
 
 MARKET PRICES. 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Showing the average prices of Agricultural and Animal Products at the 
 leading markets of Ontario for the first four months of 1882 and 1883 respectively, 
 together with the Live Stock Markets of Toronto and Montreal ; also the monthly 
 averages for the whole Province. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 January. 
 
 1883. 
 
 ToBONTO Peoduoe Mabket. $ c. 
 
 I'lour, Sup. Extra per bbl. 
 
 " Extra ■' 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Kye 
 
 Potatoes per bag 
 
 Apples per bbl, 
 
 Hogs perowt, 
 
 Butter per lb, 
 
 Eggs perdoz. 
 
 Wool, coarse per lb, 
 
 " fine " 
 
 ToEONTO Steeet Maeket. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Rye 
 
 Potatoes per bag 
 
 Apples per bbl. 
 
 Hay per ton 
 
 Hogs. per owt. 
 
 Butter, roll per lb. 
 
 " dairy " 
 
 Wool " 
 
 Beef, hind-quarters per cwt. 
 
 " fore-quarters.... " 
 
 Mutton " 
 
 Lamb " 
 
 Veal " 
 
 London. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat .... " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Peas " 
 
 4 31 
 4 21 
 94 
 96 
 64 
 42 
 73 
 60 
 67 
 3 23 
 8 18 
 18 
 23 
 19 
 30 
 
 94 
 9.5 
 64 
 42 
 71 
 60 
 72 
 2 36 
 13 59 
 8 23 
 24 
 
 9 32 
 7 00 
 
 92 
 90 
 54 
 38 
 67 
 
 1882. 
 
 5 77 
 5 63 
 1 22 
 1 31 
 87 
 41 
 79 
 85 
 99 
 3 19 
 7 93 
 18 
 20 
 
 1 25 
 1 31 
 83 
 44 
 77 
 
 85 
 
 1 01 
 1 86 
 
 10 65 
 8 08 
 24 
 19 
 23 
 6 51 
 
 5 19 
 
 6 54 
 
 7 61 
 
 1 30 
 
 76 
 39 
 87 
 
 February. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 S 0. 
 
 4 59 
 
 5 61 
 
 4 48 
 
 5 55 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 26 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 29 
 
 65 
 
 83 
 
 42 
 
 41 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 60 
 
 U 82 
 
 66 
 
 1 05 
 
 2 91 
 
 3 12 1 
 
 8 05 
 
 8 57 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 21 
 
 19 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 1 01 
 
 1 23 
 
 1 04 
 
 1 27 
 
 65 
 
 79 
 
 44 
 
 43 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 60 
 
 84 
 
 75 
 
 1 14 
 
 2 52 
 
 2 25 
 
 13 14 
 
 10 89 
 
 8 13 
 
 8 65 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 8 00 
 
 7 12 
 
 5 88 
 
 5 43 
 
 7 63 
 
 43 
 
 9 00 
 
 8 96 
 
 8 25 
 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 29 
 
 054 
 
 77 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 67 
 
 88 
 
 March. 
 
 1883. 
 
 4 55 
 4 44 
 1 01 
 "1 07 
 66 
 44 
 77 
 65 
 67 
 3 04 
 8 23 
 18 
 20 
 19 
 30 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 07 
 66 
 47 
 76 
 61 
 77 
 
 2 67 
 15 02 
 
 8 19 
 26 
 22 
 20 
 8 29 
 6 18 
 
 8 96 
 10 46 
 
 9 50 
 
 1 00 
 
 1882. 
 
 56 
 42 
 
 72 
 
 $ c. 
 
 57 
 47 
 26 
 27 
 85 
 41 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 1 07 
 3 15 
 8 19 
 19. 
 15 
 
 1 21 
 
 1 25 
 81 
 44 
 80 
 81 
 117 
 
 2 31 
 10 85 
 
 8 15 
 25 
 21 
 24 
 
 8 17 
 6 28 
 
 9 27 
 9 55 
 9 50 
 
 1 28 
 
 80 
 41 
 
 87 
 
 April. 
 
 1883. 
 
 95 c.' 
 
 4 52 
 
 4 42 
 
 I 01 
 
 1 08 
 
 64 
 
 46 
 
 78 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 3 46 
 
 8 59 
 
 21 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 27 
 
 98 
 
 1 06 
 64 
 48 
 78 
 63 
 80 
 3 07 
 
 15 54 
 8 58 
 25 
 22 
 19 
 
 8 50 
 6 60 
 
 9 50 
 11 00 
 
 9 50 
 
 1 00 
 
 61 
 45 
 77 
 
 1882. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 5 96 
 5 81 
 1 31 
 1 34 
 88 
 45 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 1 10 
 4 16 
 8 61 
 20 
 15 
 
 1 28 
 1 32 
 87 
 46 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 1 27 
 3 78 
 
 11 60 
 8 71 
 26 
 21 
 24 
 
 8 75 
 6 75 
 
 9 50 
 10 00 
 
 8 82 
 
 131 
 1 24 
 75 
 41 
 84 
 
27 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Showing the average prices of Agricultural and Animal Products at 
 the leading markets of Ontario, etc. — Gontinued. 
 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 MARKETS 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 GUELFH. 
 
 
 8 c. 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 S c. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 $ i;. 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas 
 
 per bush. 
 (( 
 
 C( 
 
 91 
 92 
 50 
 37 
 68 
 
 1 26 
 1 29 
 79 
 40 
 74 
 
 98 
 97 
 50 
 40 
 70 
 
 1 25 ' 
 1 25 I 
 78 ' 
 41 
 77 
 
 99 
 
 1 00 
 50 
 42 
 74 
 
 1 20 
 1 21 
 75 
 40 
 76 
 
 97 
 98 
 50 
 43 
 74 
 
 1 28 
 1 29 
 81 
 42 
 77 
 
 BBANirOED. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas 
 
 per bush. 
 
 89 
 97 
 54 
 36 
 64 
 
 127 
 1 27 
 75 
 40 
 71 
 
 96 
 97 
 64 
 37 
 68 
 
 131 
 
 ■■6"75' 
 38 
 
 72 
 
 100 
 1 01 
 61 
 41 
 69 
 
 122 
 1 25 
 70 
 38 
 
 75 
 
 99 
 
 1 02 
 61 
 43 
 72 
 
 1 27 
 1 34 
 73 
 40 
 73 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas 
 
 per bush. 
 
 u 
 
 96 
 91 
 75 
 35 
 75 
 
 1 29 
 1 29 
 71 
 40 
 75 
 
 99 
 97 
 65 
 39 
 
 75 
 
 1 28 
 1 28 
 71 
 40 
 75 
 
 1 00 
 100 
 65 
 40 
 75 
 
 126 
 1 26 
 71 
 40 
 85 
 
 1 00 
 1 00 
 65 
 40 
 75 
 
 1 28 
 132 
 74 
 40 
 99 
 
 LiHDSAT. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 .per bush. 
 It 
 
 « 
 
 86 
 87 
 51 
 37 
 70 
 
 118 
 1 21 
 68 
 40 
 72 
 
 92 
 94 
 55 
 37 
 73 
 
 116 
 116 
 66 
 39 
 71 
 
 92 
 95 
 55 
 39 
 73 
 
 116 
 
 1 17 
 64 
 37 
 66 
 
 92 
 94 
 53 
 44 
 67 
 
 1 22 
 1 26 
 70 
 41 
 
 Peas 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barley 
 
 Peas 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 60 
 73 
 
 77 
 72 
 
 60 
 73 
 
 78 
 72 
 
 * 
 
 60 
 71 
 
 75 
 72 
 
 58 
 72 
 
 79 
 71 
 
 Kingston. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barley 
 
 Peas 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 61 
 73 
 
 76 
 75 
 
 67 
 76 
 
 76 
 75 
 
 • 65 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 76 
 
 62 
 79 
 
 86 
 76 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 
 Eye 
 
 Peas 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 et 
 
 "6'74" 
 
 72 
 73 
 
 'o'fs" 
 
 72 
 72 
 
 ■ ■6'73*' 
 
 72 
 72 
 
 "6'73" 
 
 72 
 72 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beans, hand picked . 
 Com 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 1 64 
 44 
 
 2 45 
 58 
 
 174 
 48 
 
 2 85 
 61 
 
 1 71 
 50 
 
 2 83 
 63 
 
 1 55 
 49 
 
 2 74 
 63 
 
 ElDGETOWN 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 1 60 
 49 
 
 2 26 
 75 
 
 1 67 
 50 
 
 2 63 
 
 75 
 
 1 55 
 55 
 
 2 63 
 
 75 
 
 135 
 55 
 
 2 63 
 
 77 
 
 Com 
 
28 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Showing the average prices of Agricultural and Animal Products at 
 the leading markets of Ontario, etc. — Gonoluded. 
 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 MARKETS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 AVERAGE PRICES FOR 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE PROVINCE. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ U. 
 
 % 0. 
 
 S 0. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 per bush. 
 
 92 
 
 1 27 
 
 1 00 
 
 127 , 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 23 
 
 99 
 
 128 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 
 93 
 
 1 28 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 26 
 
 1 02 
 
 1 24 
 
 1 02 
 
 1 29 
 
 Barley 
 
 (( 
 
 61 
 
 77 
 
 62 
 
 77 
 
 61 
 
 76 
 
 60 
 
 80 
 
 Oats 
 
 
 38 
 
 41 
 
 37 
 
 41 
 
 43 
 
 41 
 
 44 
 
 042 
 
 Peas 
 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 Eye.. 
 
 
 60 
 
 82 
 
 60 
 
 81 
 
 61 
 
 80 
 
 62 
 
 80 
 
 Corn 
 
 
 45 
 
 61 
 
 48 
 
 63 
 
 52 
 
 64 
 
 51 
 
 67 
 
 BeauB 
 
 
 1 63 
 
 2 39 
 
 1 72 
 
 2 79 
 
 1 65 
 
 2 79 
 
 1 48 
 
 2 69 
 
 LIVE STOCK MARKETS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 TOEONTO. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cattle 
 
 . .per owt. 
 ... . each 
 
 4 36 
 10 50 
 
 3 47 
 8 06 
 
 444 
 9 50 
 
 3 33 
 9 00 
 
 5 05 
 
 3 95 
 9 60 
 
 4 82 
 9 50 
 
 4 16 
 
 Calves 
 
 8 25 
 
 Sheep 
 
 . . per cwt. 
 
 4 75 
 
 4 62 
 
 ' 4 56 
 
 4 25 
 
 
 4 75 
 
 5 60 
 
 6 16 
 
 Lambs 
 
 each 
 
 5 12 
 
 5 59 
 
 5 38 
 
 5 63 
 
 
 5 25 
 
 6 00 
 
 6 63 
 
 Hogs 
 
 ..per cwt. 
 
 6 25 
 
 6 08 1 
 
 6 29 
 
 6 33 
 
 6 56 
 
 6 20 
 
 6 66 
 
 6 50 
 
 MONTEBAL. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cattle 
 
 , . per cwt. 
 
 4 33 
 
 4 36 
 
 4 41 
 
 5 01 
 
 5 00 
 
 4 99 
 
 5 63 
 
 5 57 
 
 Calves 
 
 each 
 
 4 42 
 
 6 40 
 
 6 50 
 
 7 39 
 
 9 90 
 
 8 91 
 
 6 17 
 
 6 36 
 
 Sheep 
 
 ..per owt. 
 
 6 03 
 
 5 33 
 
 5 85 
 
 6 16 
 
 6 13 
 
 6 87 
 
 7 50 
 
 900 
 
 Lamba 
 
 each 
 
 3 98 
 
 4 44 
 
 4 08 
 
 4 80 
 
 5 00 
 
 5 12 
 
 4 00 
 
 3 08 
 
 Hogs 
 
 . . per cwt. 
 
 6 50 
 
 6 75 
 
 7 29 
 
 6 79 
 
 7 06 
 
 7 02 
 
 8 00 
 
 7 37 
 
THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Monthly temperatures for the first four months of the year 1883 
 as recorded at the principal stations in Ontario, showing for each Month the 
 mean highest, the mean lowest, and the mean daily temperature. 
 
 Month. 
 
 Temfebatubb. 
 
 O 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■a 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 January s 
 
 February < 
 
 March < 
 
 April s 
 
 Mean highest. . 
 Mean lowest . . , 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest. . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 24.08 
 11.23 
 17.59 
 
 26.44 
 
 9.94 
 
 18.19 
 
 22.66 30.00 
 11.78 11 
 18.86 20.80 
 
 30.05 
 13.37 
 21.64 
 
 48.32' 
 31.87 
 39.47 
 
 34.21 
 13.67 
 23.94 
 
 52.16 
 31.46 
 41.81 
 
 27.06 
 
 9.61 
 
 18.32 
 
 30.98 
 12.98 
 21.98 
 
 38.37 
 15.73 
 27.05 
 
 55.81 
 33.40 
 44.60 
 
 I 
 
 26.10 
 
 4.20 
 
 14.22 
 
 26.72 
 
 6.26 
 
 16.51 
 
 31.87 
 
 5.99 
 
 19.19 
 
 49.35 
 29.23 
 39.37 
 
 28.47 
 6.88 
 
 25.10 
 9.35 
 
 18.59 17.46 
 
 31.56 
 11.70 
 22.52 
 
 34.80 
 11.84 
 24.6i 
 
 50.49 
 27.44 
 40.97 
 
 27.41 
 11.34 
 20.07 
 
 23.77 
 
 0.52 
 
 12.40 
 
 24.80 
 
 4.30 
 
 14.90 
 
 31.24 30.30 
 11.85 6.30 
 21.94 20.73 
 
 46.77 
 29.61 
 38.28 
 
 48.12 
 26.96 
 37.54 
 
 22.39 
 
 0.36 
 
 11.37 
 
 25.76 
 
 4.61 
 
 15.18 
 
 30.50 
 
 5.68 
 
 18.09 
 
 45.19 
 27.12 
 36.16 
 
 19.07 
 
 -4.20 
 
 7.49 
 
 18.85 
 
 -4.49 
 
 3.85 
 
 22.56 22.49 
 
 5.02 -b.ll 
 
 14.23 10.55 
 
 28.00 
 
 5.89 
 
 16.62 
 
 51.69 
 §1.69 
 37.64 
 
 27.84 
 
 0.53 
 
 15.48 
 
 47.39 
 26.02 
 36 22 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Monthly Summary of Sunshine in Ontario during the first four months 
 of the year 1883, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon each 
 month, the hours of registered sunshine, and the totals for the four months. 
 
 ' 
 
 1 
 1. 
 
 •So 
 
 n 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Months. 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 S 
 
 1- 
 
 1 
 
 02 
 
 1 
 o ■ 
 
 ■1 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 -a 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 'o 
 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 Hrs. ! Hrs. 
 ofS.S.ofS.S. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 OfS.S. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 January 
 
 285.7 
 291.4 
 369.9 
 406.4 
 
 71.7 
 
 96.8 
 
 150.1 
 
 192.6 
 
 1 
 71.1 68.4' 86.2 
 
 46.0 
 
 52.0 
 
 118.8 
 
 154.3 
 
 82.7 
 110.2 
 190.9 
 214.4 
 
 72.4 
 
 75.7 
 
 146.5 
 
 171.5 
 
 95.5 
 119.6 
 191.6 
 184.3 
 
 96.3 
 107.2 
 181.8 
 244.7 
 
 
 February 
 
 Mareh 
 
 April 
 
 105.3 
 162.2 
 160.5 
 
 104.7 
 164.1 
 171.0 
 
 129.7 
 191.6 
 184.7 
 
 
 
 
 Total . 
 
 1353.4 
 
 511.2 
 
 499.1 
 
 508.2 
 
 592.2 
 
 371.1 
 
 598.2 
 
 466.1 
 
 591.0 
 
 630.0 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Monthly Summary of the average fall of Rain and Snow in the several 
 districts of Ontario for the first four months of the year 1883. 
 
 
 W. and S. W. 
 
 N. W. and N. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 E. and N. E. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Inches 
 of Rain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Bain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Rain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Kain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 
 0.49 
 2.16 
 0.18 
 1.60 
 
 16.2 
 
 17.4 
 
 27.4 
 
 2.6 
 
 0.21 
 1,68 
 0.17 
 1.36 
 
 42.7 
 
 39.5 
 
 18.7 
 
 3.9 
 
 0.66 
 1.24 
 0.17 
 1.65 
 
 19.4 
 
 16.0 
 
 21.4 
 
 3.9 
 
 0.29 
 0.80 
 0.12 
 1.52 
 
 17.3 
 
 February 
 
 16 3 
 
 
 22.4 
 
 
 3.4 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 4.43 
 
 63.6 
 
 3.42 
 
 104.8 
 
 3.72 
 
 60.7 
 
 2.73 
 
 59.4 
 
30 
 
 CO 
 
 > 
 to 
 
 QQ 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 (a 
 
 .41 
 
 g ° 
 
 I -a 
 
 a> 
 
 a 
 
 •a 
 
 3 
 ^ 
 
 re 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 02 
 
 a 
 
 C3 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 SB 
 
 s .H 
 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 t 
 
 o 
 
 02 
 
 
 M 
 
 03 
 
 a 
 P5 
 
 a 
 
 02 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 jOJOfI 
 
 q^daa 
 
 
 
 JO 'o^ 
 
 i-IOi-HOOO 
 
 • W(M t^cOCqrH««lMO •* « «t*COiHb- 
 
 1C0"5000 -lot* O .»0«000000 «eD 0t»fc--«»0 WO 
 
 OO'OO'OO ■Ni-4 CO •■^'OWCTCO'O i-IrH C0eOCiI«"Nl coco 
 
 t* <N 00 r-l eo OS 
 
 lO 00 lO 00 00 b« OS CO Ob- b^b-e&lACJO t^lv 
 
 ■Baqonj 
 
 •BiCE(J 
 
 ■BBijonj 
 
 •B^Bd 
 
 JO -OK 
 
 
 ■BiBd 
 
 JO -OK 
 
 •saironx 
 
 JO -OK 
 
 •saqonj 
 q^daQ 
 
 JO -OK 
 
 •eaqonj 
 q^daci 
 
 «5Q0lOt*OS(M •NOS 10«00se0OC5N JQ t^CO t*<0»nasb* TPO 
 
 rHb-COlO-^fc* -t^O ® t^ CO lO fc* CO t^ In rH 00 -^ CO CO *0 -^ OSOJ 
 
 tH iH T-J rH rH iH 'o'c^* tH tH iH r4 rH r-J tH r-i Cq'iH o't-IiHtHCm" WrH 
 
 ■^ 00 00 00 Ift CO t^OSCO 0^ iH ■* t- tH ■* K3 ^ CO b* Cqb^OOOOb- OrJ< 
 
 iHtH tHtH rH iH iH iH rl iH 
 
 ocQusmoo lAoiA o •oocoooco t^m Ob»coob« iaia 
 
 Tj< t-lrHuixOb-I OSI>^rH lO ' Ifl 00 i-J »0 -^ ■*' 00* i-I o'-*'c<io"cO lo'to 
 
 THiHiHrHC^tH iH M « W ' rH iH CO (N (M rH iH IM (NCOrHCOlO WrH 
 
 OlMOOrHrH O rH O <M rH rH N O (M W O N N OOOON rHW 
 
 OOOOOO OOO 
 
 (MIOOSO COO 
 P^OOrHOpJOO 
 
 o o' o' o' o' O 
 
 OrH 
 
 oo' 
 
 OOOOO 
 
 CO CO 00 iiO CO CO COOO 
 
 OOS-^OSCOCO 
 t>^ t-^ b^ U3 00* 0C> 
 
 lOlO-^COCOlO lO b- 
 
 rHCO(M rHff4(N N rH 
 
 iO CO rH CO »0 lO 
 00 r-I OS 00 rH rH 
 
 COOS 
 
 (M-* ■* (M -^ -l* COCO 
 
 OOOOOO OO 
 
 ij5 
 
 ^ b 
 
 'rffOOOOiHlMCO -CD lOCa COl>.OieDJO iOCO 
 
 ■^Tji ^ 00<D«O 
 
 OOiHcOOOO 
 
 tH (M i-( rj* <M ,H 
 
 OOOOOO 
 
 
 CG 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 ^i 
 
 
 i§?iiili.si 
 
 - a 
 Si 
 
 
 ■w 
 
 g^J§|i-§iS^.^S 
 
 c s « S s^-Ss 
 
 ^J1i|sg.lJ|i§:3'3j|ig 
 
 02^O&HS-ga2WfH^Ohq<!fiiS02i^P 
 
 .si 
 
 m.B 
 bPhos < 
 
 -B^ 
 
 o. 
 
 I ^ o 00 
 
 rHiH 
 
 o'o' 
 
 ■^O OiOWlOiO 10^ 
 
 <N 0010 '*-*CO«t- l>-^ 
 
 CqW NrHiH«(N N« 
 
 iHO Ob*0»00 00 
 
 COCO (MCOCq(N^ COCO 
 
 00 OOOOO 00 
 
 We*. 
 
 
 I 
 
31 
 
 lO '• 
 
 Tj*cqcq 
 
 r-lTjH 
 
 iHi>-eo 
 
 Mir5-<**m 
 
 CO 
 
 tH 
 
 IOQO« 
 
 o 
 
 cc©co 
 
 CONOCO 
 
 <M 
 
 '(J'W 
 
 IM 
 
 iH 
 
 r-l 
 
 (N 
 
 no \ 
 
 
 di-I 
 
 CO ?^* 1-1 
 
 © o to o 
 
 rH O (N 50 
 
 CO 
 
 © 
 
 OOiO 
 
 OS 
 
 ©©© 
 
 Cq'o'cO 
 
 lO©Q0 t>- 
 
 cq ■* CO ©' 
 
 o 
 
 001X1 
 
 
 02 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 © 
 
 rt4 • mo?o cot-i b-coift soiot-co cd 
 
 t»OiOi Ol CDXiOb* C0t*«lO "^ 00 t- 
 
 r-l ; 
 
 1.29 
 1.69 
 1.47 
 
 © t* 
 
 CO to 
 
 iHi-I 
 
 1.77 
 1.82 
 1.56 
 
 r-I i-I CM* (n" 
 
 
 d 
 
 di-irH 
 
 IM 
 
 in 
 
 rH i-I iH 
 
 rH r-I©© 
 
 r-j 
 
 r-IiM* 
 
 
 (m' 
 
 rH 
 
 rH 
 
 at<D 
 
 r-lt^t- 
 
 cob^ 
 
 
 inTpcoco 
 
 g 
 
 T" 
 
 S?53 
 
 OS 
 rH 
 
 ?o jco 
 
 ?3=^SS 
 
 
 mco 
 
 rHrH 
 
 to 
 
 CO 
 
 © 
 
 t- 
 
 00 to 
 
 ^§3 
 
 N©»« 
 
 10 50 
 
 co'co 
 cqtN 
 
 o t*io 
 
 ©©(M© 
 
 §5' 
 
 o 
 15 
 
 ©(M© 
 
 c-Iqooo' 
 
 tHiHiH 
 
 (M 
 
 rH 
 
 ©©CO 
 
 iO©©© 
 
 © 
 
 
 o 
 
 ©_ 
 
 rH 
 rH 
 
 © 
 
 in 
 
 © 
 
 CO 
 r-^ 
 
 r^o 
 
 iHN© 
 
 WW 
 
 <N-*© 
 
 (NrHi-li-i 
 
 (M 
 
 o 
 
 COiH© 
 
 iH 
 
 iHOr-l 
 
 N©00 
 
 © 
 
 coco 
 
 ■* 
 
 © 
 
 rH 
 
 © 
 
 §8 
 
 do 
 
 S8§ 
 
 ©©©" 
 
 do 
 
 ©CO© 
 
 incN© 
 d©© 
 
 ©©iH 
 
 ©* 
 
 s 
 
 ©' 
 
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 ©^© 
 
 © 
 
 odd 
 
 <N©©© 
 ©'©©©' 
 
 8 
 
 ©' 
 
 3S 
 
 ©'© 
 
 d 
 
 © 
 © 
 
 © 
 
 8 
 
 ©' 
 
 ©' 
 
 
 iMOOi 
 
 t-jg 
 
 CO 00*0 
 
 coio©co 
 
 iHiHiHiH 
 
 a 
 
 '<*< 
 
 COi-HCQ 
 r-((MTH 
 
 S 
 
 «o -o 
 
 tHWQOM 
 (NrHrHrH 
 
 
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 m 
 
 •* 
 
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 © 
 
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 iO(M 
 
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 © © © iO 
 
 lO 
 
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 COTtH 
 
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 lO 
 
 coco CO^^lrH W(N COlMrH "* ■* CO m 
 
 in<N lot-in mco inco(?^ cococom co 
 
 CO©CO CON COrH 
 
 ■*© m (M in rH 
 
 rHrH ■* 01 rH <M (N (N (N © rH « <M (M 
 
 r-i <Z> C^ ©©© rH<MiH© 
 
 t*in 1-iiDt^ inco rHooco t-t-moo 
 
 COCOtH Tt<m COrHlM IN rH rH rH 
 
 CO© to ■* (M 
 
 ©int- © CO © m com©© 
 
 rH rH © © CO rH ICJ 
 
 ^rHrHrH O tM « CO ■^ rH rH 
 
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 Eh a) 
 
 fR 
 
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 W 
 
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 M rHliiOS M "* -^ WCOUiNN COM ^ « CO (N 
 
 ■sairani 
 tpdaci 
 
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 ■sAb(J 
 
 JO -ojsi 
 
 W 
 
 
 a 
 
 JO -oj^ 
 
 ■satrani 
 
 
 CI 
 03 
 
 •si's (J 
 JO -OK 
 
 •ssqou]; 
 qidaa 
 
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 JO -on: 
 
 m iHOrH -^'t-^ m 1000«'(n' rHCO CO » t-^ '^ 
 
 loooa c^co o ioiaeot*i>- loco 
 
 § 
 
 ssi 
 
 SiS 
 
 ^ 
 
 feggass? 
 
 S;§ 
 
 
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 oacq 
 ost- 
 
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 iHMiH 
 
 iHO 
 
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 OWOiHr-l 
 
 CQiH 
 
 
 
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 jo-oja 
 
 cs 
 
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 Ot- 
 
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 t-10t-t-!D 
 
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 q^dad 
 
 
 
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 ot-Iin 
 
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 iHO 
 
 CO 
 
 ONioom 
 
 01c 
 
 
 
 caw 
 
 
 
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 OrHOOO MO O «i-4 
 
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 ooi-i 00 
 
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 CDt-O (NCO 00 . Ot^QOt-lO <0 b- <M COCO 
 
 »0 O UO OS (M CO O"©;! t- 00 iO O CO 
 
 ©oeo ■*« la cqeoNcqco cqo ih -^tj* 
 
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 q^dad 
 
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 t-O0T-( -^^ 
 
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 JO -ojil I 
 
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 ©" ©'o'o yi^ ©' ©'©'©'o"o ©'© 
 
 n 
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 Sfn-epH|j]fi].|fipq-gM^3(S«|ziP5 feS 
 
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1 1 1 
 
 AGRIGULTUEAL RETURNS 
 
 TO THE 
 
 Ol^TAEIO BUHEAU OF INDUSTRIES. 
 
 .A.TJG-TJST, 18S3, 
 
 FIRST PMOriNCIAL FAT STOCK SHOW AT TORONTO, 
 DECEMBER 14: and 15,1883. ~' 
 
32 
 
 I '^•^'SQ I M H»O05 CO-* -^ locowfNcq «« ■* coco « 
 
 AEGICULTURAL RETURNS. 
 
 -^TJGI-TTST, 1883. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The reports on the wheat crop of the Province, made to the Bureau on the 1st of 
 August, are not wholly satisfactory. They show that as regards both quantity and 
 quality much of it is inferior to last year's crop, — that, in fact, its market value at 
 present quotations must be less by several millions of dollars. But it should be borne in 
 mind that last year's crop was an extraordinary one, and consequently that comparison 
 •with it as the standard cannot be accepted as fair. Last year, according to the statistics 
 collected by the Bureau, the area under wheat' was 1,775,337 acres, the produce 
 40,921,201 bushels, and the average yield per acre 23 bushels. This year the area is 
 1,676,545 acres, the produce (as estimated by correspondents). 26,759,439 bushels, and 
 the average yield per acre 15.6 bushels. It is possible, however, as more recent infor- 
 mation indicates, that the results of the threshing season may reduce to some extent the 
 figures for this year. The uneven character of the crop made it difficult when corres- 
 pondents reported to estimate the yield of fall wheat, and spring wheat was liable to be 
 affected by rust and the attacks of insects. 
 
 The May Report of the Bureau showed that in the western half of the Province fall 
 wheat was damaged to a serious extent during the winter months, — being either frozen 
 to death under a coat of ice and sleet in the southern counties, or smothered to death 
 under a heavy covering of ice-crusted snow in the northern. It was also injured in some 
 localities by exposure to spells of intense cold after the snow and ice had disappeared. 
 The low temperature of April and May made the condition of the crop a disheartening 
 one to the farmer, and much of it was in consequence ploughed up or resown with other 
 grain. The returns showing the area of fall wheat dealt with in this way are somewhat 
 imperfect, but in the Lake Erie, Lake Huron, West Midland and Georgian Bay counties 
 it was not less than 70,000 acres. The total area sown, as collected by the Township 
 Assessors, was 1,178,289 acres, of which 88,734 acres are returned as having been 
 ploughed up or resown. In the eastern half of the Province the wheat wintered remark- 
 ably well, and the cBop is not much below that of last year. The heavy rains of June 
 and July were favourable in promoting a vigorous growth of straw, but in all. sections 
 of the Province correspondents report that the excess of moisture has been accompanied 
 with rust. In the western counties, where there is a great depth of alluvial soil, the rust 
 has produced its worst effects, and the grain is considerably shrunken.^ In the eastern 
 counties, on the other hand, the injury is comparatively slight. Insect pests are not 
 numerous, but the presence of the midge and the Hessian fly is noted in some localities. 
 With the favourable harvest weather the crop has no doubt been housed in good condition. 
 
The breadth of spring wheat is nearly the same as last year, although seeding 
 operations were hindered by rainy weather. On all high or well-drained lands it made 
 fine progress throughout July, and unless injured by rust or insects it promises.a larger 
 yield than last year's crop. The recent cool and bright weather has been very favourable 
 to its maturity, but the midge, the weevil and the Hessian fly are reported in all the best 
 spring wheat districts. In the Lake Ontario dictrict the harvesting season was expected 
 to open about the 15th inst., and in the northerly and north-easterly districts about the 
 20th or 25th. This is about two weeks later than the usual period of spring wheat 
 harvest. 
 
 The return made by farmers on the 15th of June showed that they had in reserve at 
 that date 5,453,485 bushels of old wheat, or fully six months' supply for the whole 
 Province. The quantity held by millers and stored in warehouses has not been ascertained, 
 but it is not large. 
 
 The area of barley is less than last year by 91,000 acres, and the estimated produce 
 by 3,670,000 bushels. In the western counties of the Province it was injured by the 
 excessive rainfall of June and the first half of July, and the bulk of it is not a good 
 sample. In the counties of York, Durham, Northumberland and Prince Edward a large 
 8icreage has been reaped and housed in excellent condition. 
 
 The acreage under oats is larger this year than last year, and the crop is reported to 
 be an excellent one in all parts or the Province. Like other cereals, it is about two weeks 
 later than usual in ripening. The estimated product is 5,626,000 bushels more than last 
 year, and the average yield is nearly forty bushels per acre. 
 
 Rye is only moderately good. The winter variety fared better than, the fall wheat, 
 but the spring rye was injured by rains and the stand was light. 
 
 Peas has been a good crop in the northern and north-eastern counties, but in the 
 West Midland and Lake Erie counties it was scalded or drowned out by the rains. The 
 area is somewhat less than last year, but the estimated produce is 775,000 bushels more. 
 
 The following table shows the area and produce of those staple crops of the Province 
 
 for 1882 and 1883 : 
 
 r-Acres— 1883— Bushels. -^ ^Acres~1882^BuBhel3. -, 
 
 • Fall Wheat 1089455 16522359 1188520 31255202 
 
 Spring Wheat 587090 10237080 • 586817 9665999 
 
 Barley 757622 20613495 848617 24284407 
 
 Oats 1423529 55724044 1375415 50097997 
 
 Rye 188438 3577774 189031 3549898 
 
 Peas 541713 11718339 557157 10943355 
 
 Totals 4587847 118393091 4745557 129796858 
 
 Com was planted late, and the wet weather of June and July did great injury to it. 
 In some sections of the Lake Erie counties, where this crop is chiefly grown, it was 
 drowned out by the heavy rains, and excepting on high lands its condition at the begin- 
 ning of the month was generally very poor. The area of growing crop has doubtless been 
 considerably reduced by the unfavourable weather. The bean crop is in a more hopeful 
 condition, as also is buckwheat. The total area under corn, beans and buckwheat is 
 shown by the tables to be 313,013 acres, against 276,297 acres last year. 
 
The crop of hay and clover is doubtless the largest ever grown in. the country, and 
 the bulk of it has been well cured and safely housed. The area was 2,359,521 acres, and 
 the estimated produce 4,127,419 tons, against 1,825,890 acres and 2,090,626 tons last 
 year. It will be remembered that last year the clover was almost completely ruined by 
 winter . exposure and spring frosts, which fully accounts for the smaller area and the 
 lighter yield as compared with this year. The second crop of clover was making fine 
 growth at the beginning of the month, but more recent information gives ground to the 
 ^ fear that in many localities the seed will be destroyed by the midge. This new pest is 
 rapidly extending to all parts of the Province. 
 
 Roots made slow progress in the early part of the season, in consequence of the excess 
 of rainfall, but the reports show that in the last half of July they made rapid and healthy 
 growth. The chief difSculty experienced has been to keep the weeds in check. The 
 area under potatoes is 167,302 acres, against 160,700 last year; and under carrots, man- 
 golds, and turnips 127,198 acres, against 104,569 last year. 
 
 The fruit crop is to a large extent a failure in all parts of the Province. With the 
 exception of plums and small fruit, there will hardly be sufficient for home consumption. 
 The trees are, however, in a healthy state generally, and have made a fine growth of young 
 wood. Black Knot is rapidly killing the cherry trees, and in some districts the plum trees 
 also. The total area under orchard and garden this year, as collected by township assessors, 
 is 200,846 acres. Last year's return, which was in part estimated, was 213,846 acres. 
 
 The area of cleared or improved land in the Province this year is 10,587,688 acres, 
 of which 7,745,627 acres are under field crops and orchard and garden. Last yea,r the 
 area of cleared land was 10,172,712 acres, of which 7,326,859 acres were under crops and 
 orchard and garden. It thus appears that, without taking account of flax, tobacco and 
 other crops of small area, 27 per cent, of the improved land is in pasture or fallow this 
 year, against 28 per cent, last year. 
 
 A return of the dairy butter produce of last year shows that the quantity made was 
 53,442,123 lbs. ; but a large number of farmers were unable to fill the schedule under 
 -this head, and it is probable that the quantity given does not represent more than 70 per 
 ■cent, of the actual production — possibly not so much. 
 
 There are in the Province this year twenty-nine creameries, or thirteen more than 
 last year.i The produce of seventeen of these from the opening of the season to the 31st 
 ■oi July was 250,908 lbs., of which 217,855 lbs. seld for $48,146. The number of cheese 
 factories is 628, which is 151 more than the number reported to the Bureau last year. 
 The produce of 262 factories that have made returns for the same period as the cream- 
 eries was 10,833,507 lbs., and of this quantity 8,431,372 lbs. was sold, realizing the sum 
 -of $903,310. The quantity of cheese on hand at the 262 factories on the 1st of August 
 was 2,402,135 lbs. 
 
 The tables of Area and Population present in brief form the history of the settle- 
 ment of the Province. The first (No. Till.) is compiled from the Reports of the 
 Government Censuses; the second (with exception of the figures for 1882^ from returns 
 made to the Provincial Government and either printed in the Sessional Papers of the 
 Jjegislature or preserved in manuscript in the departmental vaults ; and the third (No. 
 
X.) from returns made to the Bureau, by Township Clerks, from the assessment rolls of 
 1882 and 1883. 
 
 It will be noticed that there are several discrepancies in the tables. There appears, 
 for instance, to be a large increase in the area of occupied land between 1882 and 1883. 
 The explanation is, that for the former year many clerks returned the acreage of their 
 Townships assessed to residents only, whereas for the latter year they have returned the 
 acreage assessed to residents and non-residents. Then, secondly, there are a few Counties 
 in table No. IX. which show in the earlier intervals a retrograde movement in respect o 
 both area and population. This is because the returns for some of the local municipalities 
 are missing, and could not be supplied. Thirdly, the difference in the areas of occupied 
 and cleared lands, as given in the municipal and census tables, are as regards the first due 
 to the' fact that census enumerators take account of the resident lands only, and as regards 
 the second to the practice of understating to assessors the quantity of improved land with 
 the view of keeping down- assessments. The excess of urban areas in the census tables 
 over those in the municipal tables is inexplicable, especially when comparison is made of 
 the city returns for 1871 and 1872 and for 1881 and 1882. The differences in population 
 are the result of differences in the system of enumeration. Tables IX. and X. give the 
 number of persons in eaich family rated as a resident, and table VIII. gives the total 
 number irrespective of rates or assessments or the place of domicile. 
 
 As shown by the. municipal tables, the population of Ontario has increased in the 
 fifty-eight years from 1825 to 1883 at an average annual rate of 17 per cent., the area of 
 assessed land at 9.7 per cent., and the area of cleared or improved land at 30.6 per cent 
 The urban population rose during the same period from 5,382 to 502,652, or at an average 
 annual rate of 188 per cent.' As one illustration of the rapid growth of settlement, 
 attention may be directed to the county of Huron. According to the municiparreturns 
 of 1835 the population was 1303, the area of occupied land 57,446 acres, and of cleared 
 land 1,660 acres. The returns of this year show a population of 65,234, an area of occu- 
 pied land of 800,425 acres, and of cleared land 512,467 acres. It will be observed that 
 the area of cleared farm land in the Province was increased last year by 414,976 acres. 
 
 Tables XI. and XII. are summaries of the area and population of the Province for 
 all the years for which returns are available, beginning with 1824. Those for 1848, 
 1851, 1861, 1871 and 1881 are taken from the Government censuses, and all others from 
 the Municipal censuses. 
 
 The tables on the Weather, giving the record of Temperature, Sunshine and Rainfall 
 for the months of May, June and July, have as usual been compiled at the Meteorological 
 
 Office. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary, 
 BuKBAU OP Industries, 
 
 Toronto, 25th August, 1883. 
 
DIGEST OF THE REPORTS. 
 
 FALL WHEAT. 
 
 The reports on Fall Wheat for the Lake Erie counties are singularly uniform in their 
 character. Correspondents agree in saying that the crop was badly injured by the ice-storm 
 of midwinter, and the subsequent exposure to intense cold and sweeping winds ; that the 
 low temperature of April and May weakened the vitality of the plant and kept its growth 
 in check; and that, while its condition was much improved in June, the heavy and frequent 
 rains, and the rust which usually comes with excess of rainfall, have done it serious harm 
 on all excepting naturally dry or well drained lands. The estimated yield ranges from nine 
 bushels to fifteen bushels per acre, and the quality is generally second grade, the grain 
 being shrunken with rust. The most favourable reports are received from the northern 
 townships of Essex, where the yield will be about twenty bushels per acre. In portions 
 of Haldimand and Welland the estimate is as low as six bushels per acre. But in the 
 best sections the crop was very uneven, and it ripened in patches ; many fields, indeed, 
 were only a mixture of wheat and chess. In the eastern townships of Elgin, as well as 
 in the adjoining townships of Norfolk, the midge, the weevil and the Hessian fly are 
 reported to have done some harm, — a Bayham correspondent says to the extent of one- 
 eighth of the crop. Among varieties of wheat the Clawson and Fultz appear to have 
 sufiered most from the rust, and the Egyptian and Mediterranean least. The grain 
 ripened about ten days later than usual this year, and the bulk of the crop was not 
 gathered at the date of the returns. In Essex reaping began as early as the 10th of 
 July, but in Welland very little was done before the 25th. The weather was generally 
 tinfavourable until' the last week of the month, but it does not seem to have had any 
 more serious effect than the delay of work. 
 
 In the counties bordering on Lake Huron much of the fall wheat, owing to the 
 severity of the winter, had to be ploughed up in the spring, and of the remainder very 
 little came out of winter quarters in good condition. Under these circumstances the 
 unfavourable season which followed has proved especially trying, and reports from this 
 district are very discouraging. The excessive rains of summer produced a rsLnk growth 
 of straw and delayed maturing; besides, the crop lodged in many places and the grain 
 ripened unevenly. Complaints of the prevalence of rust come from almost every section 
 of this district, and several of the correspondents estimate that the yield will not exceed 
 from ten to fifteen bushels per acre, on an average. The sample, too, will be inferior. 
 The injury is, of course, greatest in low, undrained soils, though few even of the most 
 favoured situations have wholly escaped its influence. In some instances the crop is 
 excellent, where it did not suffer from winter-killing, and where there was good drainage 
 to carry off the excess of water during the growing season, but these are few. No 
 serious injury from insect enemies is reported ; in one or two cases the presence of 
 Hessian fly is mentioned, but the damage is slight. Harvesting was fairly under way in 
 the county of Lambton at the time of making these returns, but it had not yet begun in 
 Huron and Bruce. 
 
 In the Georgian Bay counties fall wheat only partially recovered from the effects of 
 the severe frosts of winter and spring. A great deal of it was ploughed up and re-sown 
 with spring grain, in some townships not more than one-half of the original acreage being 
 left for a crop. Vegetation was extremely backward during the early part of summer, 
 and the weak and struggling wheat plants tillered out and grew slowly. The excessive 
 moisture which followed produced a rapid growth, it is true, but it was too rapid to give 
 the plant the strength and constitution which are necessary to resist the effects of sudden 
 changes of temperature, and the attacks of insects. In many places the crop was badly 
 broken down by storms of rain and wind, and in others there are serious complaints of 
 
the ravages of the Hessian fly, weevil and midge. At the date of these reports rust had 
 not appeared to any great extent in the county of Grey. In Simcoe, where the crop was 
 farther advanced, the injury from this cause is serious. But the failure of fall wheat in 
 this district is due primarily to the severity of the winter and spring weather necessitating 
 the ploughing up of a large extent of the acreage sown, and leaving the remainder less 
 able to withstand the attacks of its numerous enemies. The estimates of correspondents 
 generally concur in placing the yield for the acreage to be harvested at about 60 per cent. 
 of last year's crop. Cutting had begun in a few places in Simcoe on the first of the 
 month, but the harvest was from a week to ten days later in the county of Grey. 
 
 The reports from the West Midland group vary considerably according to local 
 differences in soil and temperature, but as far as they touch on the condition of the fall 
 wheat crop the variations are mainly in the extent to which it has been injured by the 
 unfavourable season. From every quarter of this group there comes in effect the one 
 answer : " badly winter-killed ; then too much rain during summer caused a rank rapid 
 growth, which delayed maturity and brought on rust." At least 30,000 acres of the 
 entire crop was ploughed up in the spring, and it is only in exceptional cases, where a 
 good stand on well prepared summer fallow was secured in the fall, that the crop has satis- 
 fied the farmers' expectations. The injury from rust threatens to be greatest in the 
 counties of Perth, Waterloo, Wellington, and Dufferin, composing the northern section of 
 this group, from the fact that their harvest is fully ten days later than in Middlesex, 
 Brant, and Oxford, and their wheat was in a much greener state when the rust appeared. 
 In the latter counties fall wheat had begun to harden in the straw and kernel, and the 
 rust is largely confined to the leaf ; but in the northern sections it has taken hold of the 
 stalk as well. Under such conditions the grain cannot fill out properly. Even in the 
 earlier districts occasional instances are given in which the wheat plants — having become 
 partially rusted in the stalk and being no longer able to convey the sap to the maturing 
 grain — turned yellow and ripened in a day, and the kernel is quite shrunken in conse- 
 quence. Well drained soils, as usual, fare the best, and it is worthy of note that even in 
 the localities worst affected occasional fields of wheat are found in excellent condition, 
 where good drainage has been secured. Cutting began in the southern and western 
 counties of this group about July 25th, and became general a few days later. In the 
 northern portion it will not commence much before the 10th of August. In some localities 
 the crop was laid down by storms, and cutting has been slow and difficult. The sample, 
 so far as harvested, is only medium in quality, owing to bad weather, rust, and to some 
 extent, the ravages of midge and weevil. The Clawson variety suffered more from rust 
 than any other, owing to the fact that it is later in ripening. The Egyptian bearded 
 variety, on the other hand, is frequently mentioned as having almost wholly escaped. An 
 average of the estimates made by correspondents places the probable yield of fall wheat for 
 the seven counties forming this group at fifteen bushels per acre. 
 
 For the counties bordering on Lake Ontario the reports are on the whole very satis- 
 factory. Lincoln alone makes an unfavourable showing, and in that county the chief 
 injury was done in winter. The effects of the ice-storm and of exposure were felt severely 
 there, and to some extent also in Wentworth ; but in the counties on the north side of 
 the lake the harm done was scarcely perceptible. In these counties the snow covered the 
 ground until late in March, and the condition of the wheat at the opening of spring was 
 as good as could be desired. But as vegetation was almost at a standstill in April and 
 the greater part of May, its vigour was much impaired and the hopes of farmers were far 
 from sanguine. Yet the crop made an excellent recovery, and the rains of June and 
 July nourished a strong and healthy plant. It is worthy of note that wheac and other 
 grain crops are less liable to damage from excess of rainfall in the eastern part of the 
 Province than in the western. The reason probably is, that as the depth of soil is much 
 less the water drains off more readily and the land seldom or never becomes soggy. 
 There are many portions of the Province east of the Niagara escarpment where the rook 
 is reached at depths varying from three to twenty feet, whereas in the greater part of the 
 western counties the alluvium has a depth of nearly two hundred feet. But the prolonged 
 rains of this year did some mischief even in the Lake Ontario counties. The crop 
 iodged on rich lands, and the presence of rust is noticed by the majority of correspon- 
 
dents. Along the lake shore, -where wheat ripened about the 25th of July, little harm 
 was done by the rust ; in the more northerly townships, where it was from a week to ten 
 days later, the grain is somewhat shrunken and the yield will be reduced by two or three 
 bushels per acre. In Cavan, county of Durham, the crops on a belt about a mUe in- 
 width, and extending across the township, were ruined by a hailstorm. The county; 
 of Prince Edward is the only one which reports a higher average than last year's 
 and Durham alone reaches last year's average for the whole Province. Lincoln, on the 
 other hand, is 1 6 bushels less than last year's average. In the front townships cutting 
 commenced generally between the 25th and 31st of July, but in the rear ranges few 
 fields were ready before the 1st of August. The Egyptian variety, which was introduced 
 in some localities last year, is reported to be the best both for yield and quality. The- 
 Olawson has suffered to some extent from the rust. 
 
 Throughout the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties fall wheat has ^ven a more 
 satisfactory return than in some other parts of the Province. Not that the crop in this 
 district was not considerably affected by the continued unfavourable weather which pre- 
 vailed from the time the seed was put in the ground, but the injury was not so permanent 
 as elsewhere, and there was a more speedy recovery from its effects. The area ploughed 
 up in the spring was not very large, whUe the remainder tillered out vigorously and soon 
 made a fine appearance. Crops grew rapidly during the latter part of May and the 
 month of June, and fall wheat was well advanced towards maturity before it was struck 
 with the rust which came with the heavy rains and muggy weather that followed. While 
 wheat was yet quite unfit to cut in some other portions of Ontario, harvesting had begun in 
 sections of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties, and it was thus saved from a prolonged 
 attack of rust, and from the many other evils which gather round any cereal crop whose 
 ripening is delayed beyond the usual time. Still the rust got a sufH.cient hold of the 
 plant in most cases to prevent the grain from completely filling out, and the sample will 
 be affected in consequence. In a few localities wheat suffered from smothering during 
 winter, owing to the snowfall coming on the warm unfrozen soil ; and in others, where 
 the drainage was insufficient, the crop was partially drowned out by summer rains. From 
 these the yield will not be more than fifty per cent, of an average crop. In a few of the 
 most favoured localities, on the other hand, where the soil was warm and dry, the crop 
 is claimed to be above the average, both in sample and yield. But the great bulk of the 
 crop, while standing heavy on the ground and yielding up to the average in quantity, 
 will be more or less shrunken in berry and consequently inferior in sample. Cutting 
 began in one township as early as July 12th, but it did not generally commence till 
 about the 25th. No insect attacks have been observed in this district. 
 
 In the East Midland district the fall wheat crop, though more or less touched with 
 rust, will not be very seriously affected. In the county of Victoria, especially, there was a 
 large acreage sown, and most of it is a heavy crop, little damaged by storms, and with 
 few indications of riist to any alarming extent. The early sown grain, and that grown 
 on summer fallows, is especially good ; on low lands, and where the crop was put in late 
 or indifferently, the grain will be more or less shrunken from rust. In some parts of 
 Peterborough the standing grain was considerably broken down by storms of wind and' 
 rain, and a larger percentage of the crop will be affected by rust in this county. In 
 Hastings and Haliburton there is very little sown, but the appearance is good. Harvest- 
 ing began in some localities on July 25th, and became general on the 1st instant. 
 
 There is very little fall wheat grown in the northern districts of the Province. It 
 is beginning to be cultivated in a few localities in Algoma, and with good success. This 
 year the crop was slightly winter- killed, but its growth has not been checked during 
 summer by rust or any other cause, so that there is a prospect of a good yield. 
 
 SPRING WHEAT. 
 
 Spring wheat is not a staple crop in the Lake Erie counties, but last year's acreage 
 has been nearly doubled this year. This is no doubt owing to the failure of the fall" 
 
■wheat. The condition of the crop was fair at the date of the returns, and with a con- 
 tinuance of dry and cool weather it gave promise of a good yield. 
 
 In the Lake Huron district spring wheat was just heading out at the first of the month, 
 and there was good prospect that with favourable weather the crop would be up to the aver- 
 age of other years. There was a strong growth of straw, and wherever even fair drainage 
 was afforded the crop had up to that time escaped any general attack of rust. Of course 
 much depends on the weather during the filling and ripening season, and so far it has 
 been favourable. In one or two of the returns the presence of midge is mentioned, but 
 the damage is not great, and it is confined to a few localities. Spring wheat has been 
 gradually failing as a crop throughout these counties in recent years, and as a consequence 
 the acreage has diminished considerably, so much so that in many localities there is 
 scarcely any grown at all. The reports from a number of places, however, speak of the 
 Ametka or Wild Goose variety as being very promising and likely to come into favour; 
 and it is possible that the introduction of some new and more vigorous kind of spring 
 wheat may restore it to its former position among the cereals of the farm. 
 
 The reports for Grey and Simcoe are much more encouraging, from present appear- 
 ances, than they were for fall wheat; though in the first named county especially the 
 crop is unusually late, and no certain estimate can be made of the ultimate outcome. 
 Spring wheat seems to have recovered largely from the danger of scalding and drowning- 
 out which threatened it earlier in the season, and with very few exceptions it is now 
 quite up to the average, being heavy and thick on the ground and of a bright healthy 
 appearance. The exceptions occur on low and heavy soils, where it has been partially 
 (h-owned out and rust has appeared, and in one or two localities, notably in the township of 
 St. Vincent, where the wire-worm is causing considerable damage. Should the present 
 favourable weather continue there is little danger of rust becoming general, and if this is 
 averted there is a good prospect for a full crop. With ordinary weather the spring 
 wheat harvest i» not expected to begin this season much before, the 1st of September, 
 especially in the northern part of the district. Several correspondents mention the 
 White Russian variety favourably. 
 
 The condition of the crop in the West Midland counties may fairly be summed up in 
 the words of one correspondent, " good on all dry soils." This is the purport of a large 
 number of the reports. In proportion as drainage, either natural or artificial, was lacking 
 to carry off the excess of water quickly, so the land became soured by the stagnant water, 
 and the wheat plants turned yellow and sickly in appearance. In several of these 
 counties there is very little spring wheat grown, but there is •& considerable acreage in 
 Perth, Waterloo, Wellington, and Dufferin. The more favourable weather of the past 
 few weeks will help to check any tendency to rust, and from present appearances it is 
 probably safe to expect at least an average yield from the great bulk of the crop. As 
 elsewhere, the spring wheat harvest will be late throughout this district ; in the northern 
 portion it is not expected to commence before the first week in September. The only 
 insect 'enemy reported is the midge, and it is less numerous than it was last year. 
 
 In the Lake Ontario counties the area under crop is nearly the same as last year, and 
 from appearances at the first of the month the yield will be a trifle less. It is most 
 largely grown in the counties of Peel, York, Ontario, Durham, and Northumberland. 
 The counties of Lincoln, Wentworth, and Halton depend chiefly on fall wheat, but this 
 year a number of fields in which the fall wheat had failed were sown in whole or in part 
 with spring wheat. The wet weather hindered seeding to a considerable extent, and for 
 this reason the acreage is doubtless smaller than it would be under more favourable cir- 
 cumstances. For the same reason the crop had a sickly look in its early stages, but 
 throughout July it improved steadily. Many correspondents say that on high land it ia 
 looking weU and gives promise of a good yield ; on low land it has suffered from the 
 heavy and frequent rains, and patches have been drowned out. The rust and the weevil 
 are noticed in many localities, but as the grain was only in bloom at the date of the 
 returns no safe opinion could be formed as to the extent of damage done. 
 
 The state of the crop in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties varies extremely, so 
 much depending on soil and situation in a season like the present. On wet and cold 
 soils seeding was unusually late, and the rainy season which followed prevented the graiq 
 
10 
 
 from ever attaining to the appearance of an average crop. Then rust set in to aggravate 
 the mischief, first appearing on the blade, and then taking hold of the stalk as well. On 
 the high lands, contrary to the usual experience in this region, spring wheat looked its ' 
 best, and it gave promise of an abundant crop up to a recent date, when rust began to 
 «how here also in consequence of the heavy rains. In late sown fields especially the lower 
 leaves on the wheat stalks are turning yellow and becoming coated with rust, and it is 
 feared that it will spread over the entire crop. The extent to which it wUl be injured 
 generally in this way will depend very much on the weather up to the time of harvestiag, 
 but that a certain portion — perhaps nearly fifty per cent, of the entire acreage — is already 
 seriously damaged by storms, rain and rust there can be no doubt. The weevil has 
 appeared in several localities, and will doubtless do some mischief. The Club and Fife 
 varieties of spring wheat are the most seriously aflfected by rust, and the White Russian 
 enjoys a comparative immunity from its attacks. Cutting wUl commence about the 15th 
 of August. 
 
 Spring wheat in the East Midland counties promises to be an average crop on all 
 fairly drained lands. On low and level lands, where the water has not been carried off 
 promptly by a proper system of drainage, the crop is thin and light. In a portion of the 
 'county of Peterborough complaint is made of the crop having being struck by a blight or 
 rust, caused presumably by a succession of night frosts in the month of July and followed 
 by hot sun during the day. In Hastings and Haliburton the acreage is comparatively 
 small, but the prospect is generally very good. The presence of weevil is mentioned in 
 one township in Victoria, but no other insect attacks are reported. On all heavy lauds 
 the Arnetka or Wild Goose variety gives better satisfaction than any other, being com- 
 paratively free from rust. Cutting is not expected to commence before the 20th inst. 
 
 Throughout the Northern districts it promises generally to be a good crop. In the 
 earlier part of the season it was injured in places by rain and fioods, but with better 
 weather the crop rapidly improved, and in Algoma it is reported as being above the 
 average. In a few low lying and sheltered situations the crop has been permanently 
 injured by rust, but generally the yield is expected to be up to the average. Harvest 
 will commence about the 20th of August. 
 
 BAELEY. 
 
 Barley prospects have been materially improved by the recent favourable harvest 
 "weather. During summer the growth of this crop, in common with all grains, was 
 seriously affected by the excessive moisture. On low and poorly drained soils the barley 
 was in many cases entirely drowned out, and where it lived to make a partial growth it 
 was permanently injured by scalding. On drier soils there was generally a good growth 
 of straw, and the grain filled out large and plump. But the most critical season of' barley 
 growth — that which determines whether or not the sample will be of a good colour — vr&a 
 yet to come. During the growing season, and up to within a fortnight of harvesting, 
 there were frequent rains. Where the crop was unusually hea'vy on the ground it began to 
 lodge, and the earliest fields as they ripened became discoloured by the rain and the dews 
 at night. The bulk of the reports to the Bureau, received shortly before barley harvesting 
 became general, indicated an improvement in the weather ; those received later, when the 
 most of the crop had been secured under cover, stated that a large portion of it would be 
 of No. 1 quality, both in colour and in plumpness of berry. The best and largest yield of 
 barley has been obtained in the Lake Ontario counties lying east of Toronto. In the 
 counties of York, Northumberland, Durham, and Prince Edward a large acreage has been 
 harvested and housed in excellent condition. Throughout this district the crop was injured 
 less during growth by the heavy rains than in the western part of the Province — a circum- 
 stance which may probably be accounted for in a large measure, as previously intimated, by 
 the theory that the geological formation of eastern Ontario ensures a more complete 
 natural drainage for the surfaofe water. In the west a much larger proportion of the crop 
 ■was permanently injured in the first instance by excessive flooding. Where the growth 
 
11 
 
 ■was not interrupted from this cause it was so rank as to cause the grain in many cases to 
 lodge and become rusted. It is likely that considerably more than half of the crop in the 
 * -west has been damaged in this way, so that the sample will not rank first in quality. The 
 bulk of the barley acreage is in eastern Ontario, though the quantity grown this season 
 in the western districts* is larger than usual, from the fact that much of the fall wheat 
 ground which was ploughed up in the spring was sown to barley. Gutting began in the 
 earliest districts about July 27th, and would become general about the beginning of the 
 second week in August. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 The condition of the oat crop ^ihroughout the Province is, almost without exception, 
 highly satisfactory. While the unusually wet season has been more or less injurious to 
 the other cereals, it has in all but the lowest situations been highly suitable for oats, and 
 with favourable weather for ripening and harvest there is every prospect of the yield 
 being considerably above the average. Rarely, indeed, have the reports from all parts of 
 the Province been so entirely in the same strain as they are of the oat crop in the present 
 instance. " An excellent crop," " could not be better," " heavier than for many years," 
 ^'prospect never better," and similar expressions, come from almost every section, — the only 
 really adverse report being a single one from the county of Lanark, which states that 
 the crop is not so good as that of last year. In a few cases there are complaints of the 
 crop having been injured by too much rain, but they will not afieot the general yield if 
 the other conditions continue favourable. Where there is such a general concurrence of 
 testimony as to the fine appearance of this season's oat crop there are few local peculiari- 
 ties worthy of note ; it may be mentioned, however, that the prospect of an abundant 
 crop is an especial boon to the farmers in the northern districts of the Province, whose 
 chief source of revenue lies in the sale of this .grain to the lumbering camps in their 
 vicinity. The aggregate acreage sown to oats throughout the Province is somewhat 
 larger this season than usual. Harvesting will not become general much before the first 
 of September, and though the value of the crop may yet be seriously injured by unfa- 
 vourable weather the probabilities are strongly in favour of a large yield being secured in 
 good condition. 
 
 RYE. 
 
 Winter Rye fared this year better than fall wheat. It was but little injured by 
 snow or frost, and it made good progress all through to the harvesting season. The 
 spring variety suffered from the superabundance of rainfall much in the same degree as 
 other spring grains j but as Rye is mostly grown on light sandy land it did not as a rule 
 sustain much permanent injury. The general complaint is, that it did not tiller well, 
 and consequently that the stand was light. The average yield will probably be under last 
 year's, but the grain is of good quality. In Lanark and Renfrew, where a large breadth 
 is grown, the crop is reported to be very good. It is also reported good in Norfolk, and 
 neither smut nor insects have done it any injury. Harvesting was generally well ad- 
 vanced by the end of July. 
 
 PEAS. 
 
 There are some sections of Ontario, and notably the southwestern counties, in which 
 the growing of peas has been to a large extent abandoned for a number of years. The 
 reason of this is, that the prevalence of the pea-bug has made the crop an unprofitable 
 one ; yet there seems to be enough grown in every locality to supply food for the bug 
 and to prolong its species from generation to generation. There are other sections in 
 ^ich this pest has been hitherto almost unknown, chiefly the northern and northeastern 
 
12 
 
 counties, and there in favourable seasons peas is both a large and a profitable crop. 
 This year, owing to the bad promise of the fall -wheat, farmers were desirous of sowing a 
 greater breadth than usual, but the wet weathet of May interfered to some degree with 
 this intention. But not only is the area less than was calculated upon ; much of what 
 was sown has been damaged in whole or in part by the excessive rainfall. In the Lake 
 Erie counties, and in Lambton, Middlesex, Perth and Wellington, it is a very inferior 
 crop, having been scalded or drowned out by the rains. The same thing is true of two- 
 thirds of the counties on Lake Ontario, as well as of Dundas, Stormont and Glengarry 
 on the River St. Lawrence, where many fields have been ploughed up for summer fallow. 
 But the accounts are not uniformly bad, even in these districts. On light soils and on 
 high roUing lands a fair crop is maturing. On all such lands there is found to 
 be a great growth of straw, and the late sown fields are covered with pods and 
 blossoms. In Brant and Waterloo, where there are wide areas of sandy and gravelly 
 soil, the crop is reported to be in excellent condition, some correspondents say the 
 best in many years. Equally gratifying reports are made for Huron, Bruce, Grey, 
 Simcoe, Dufferin, Ontario, Durham, Northumberland, Leeds and GrenviUe, Renfrew, 
 Lanark, the East Midland counties and the Northern Districts. Excepting on low 
 clayey lands in these sections the crop at the time the reports of correspondents 
 were made was healthy and vigorous, and gave promise of an ample yield. The 
 rank growth, it was feared, might induce mildew, especially if the showery weather of 
 July continued into August ; but the cool, sunshiny days of the past fortnight have been 
 singularly favourable throughout the Province, and the best results may be looked for 
 with confidence. The reports for Parry Sound and Algoma are especially good. The 
 soil of these districts seems to be admirably adapted for pea culture, and the voracious 
 bug is unknown there. 
 
 CORN. 
 
 The cold, wet season has been very much against the success of corn. It is at least 
 two weeks later than usual, partly on account of ■ delay in planting and partly from slow 
 growth. The reports from the Lake Erie counties, which form the principal corn-growing 
 district, are somewhat conflicting, but there does not appear to have been the usual area 
 planted, and the crop will not likely be more than half the average, though very much will 
 depend on the character of the fall weather. In many places what was sown has been 
 drowned out, this being specially the case in the valley of the Thames. In Houghton 
 (Norfolk county) some have turned their cattle into their cornfields, and in other places 
 the crop has been ploughed up. Generally speaking, the corn on high land is reported 
 good, but backward ; on low land it is very poor. 
 
 BEANS. 
 
 The bean crop is in a more hopeful condition than corn. This is especially true of 
 the eastern counties, where a good yield is anticipated. In the Lake Erie counties, where 
 beans are largely raised, the season has been much against them, but where the Soil is dry 
 they look well. The only enemy reported is a grub, in the county of Brant. In. the 
 West Midland counties some beans are reported ploughed up, but as the quantity raised 
 in that locality is limited this will not seriously affect the general average. 
 
 HAY AND CLOVER. 
 
 Correspondents of the Bureau in all parts of the Province unite in saying that this 
 year's crop of Hay and Clover is an extraordinary one. "The best in ten years," "the 
 best in twenty years," " the best in thirty years," and " the best we ever had," are common 
 expressions in the reports. But they also unite in saying that the sea'son was for a time 
 very unfortunate for hay-making, and especially that a good deal of the clover has been 
 
13 
 
 poorly cured. For the first ten or twelve days local showers were of daily occurrence, 
 and little of what was cut during that period escaped a drenching. The grass being this 
 year very succulent, the curing process was necessarily slow, and the " catchy " weather 
 made it slower still ; yet in their haste to get the clover off early, and so give the second 
 ■crop' for seed a start, farmers rushed the work regardless of lowering skies — cutting a 
 little at a time and getting it quickly under cover. This was considered all the more 
 necessary because the crop was heavy, and also because they were anxious to finish hay- 
 making before the wheat and barley harvest began. The two weeks following the 10th 
 of July were busy ones in the hay-fields, and an immense quantity of timothy was mown 
 and gathered in very good , condition. The land, however, was too wet and soft for 
 speedy work, and when the wheat harvest opened a considerable area was still uncut. 
 Some of this will doubtless be retained for seed, but on low-lying lands timothy hay was 
 fresh and green at the time the reports were made. 
 
 EOOTS. 
 
 On account of the cold and wet character of the season the root crop is in a back- 
 ward state, but is generally reported to be in good condition, and with favourable weather 
 will yet be rather over than under the average crop. The continued rains of the early 
 part of the season rotted the seed in the ground, especially potatoes, and necessitated re- 
 planting. In many instances, for the same reason, land intended for roots was not 
 planted at all. The frequent rains have also accelerated the growth of weeds, and 
 hardened the surface of the ground so as to render cultivation difficult. Potatoes gener- 
 ally are an excellent crop. In low lands they have been injured by the wet, but in 
 uplands and sandy soils they promise an abundant yield, both as to size and quantity. 
 The only sections where they are generally reported a poor crop are the counties of Mid- 
 dlesex, Oxford and Perth. In some places rot has appeared, but not to a serious extent. 
 The old enemy of this crop, the Colorado beetle, i^ generally reported to be as destructive 
 as ever. In Essex, however, the beetle is said to have almost entirely disappeared, and 
 from parts of Lambton the same story comes. It is also said to be on the decline in 
 Welland. The persistent use of Paris Green and other well-known remedies is the only 
 efiectual protection against this pest. A species of blight has also made its appearance, 
 especially in the county of York. W. H. Doel, jr., of York Township, writes : " Potatoes 
 at first grew very vigorously, forming large tops. In June a blight seemed to strike them, 
 BO that now many patches are entirely gone and the potatoes are rotting in the ground. 
 English gardeners say it is the same rot which visited the British Isles years ago, and 
 ascribe it to the wet weather. In my opinion wet weather is not the cause, since all soils 
 fare alike. The trouble seems to be local at present, but is spreading. As near as I can 
 make out the disease started early in June, in the neighbourhood of Leslieville, and up to 
 the present time has extended east into the township of Scarborough, north a few miles, 
 and a considerable distance east of Toronto." 
 
 Taking the Province as a whole, the condition of the potato crop is very encouraging, 
 and the yield promises to be considerably over the average. Turnips have not been so 
 extensively sown as intended on account of the wet season, and they are reported small and 
 growing slowly. Farmers have been unable, owing to rain and the rapid growth of weeds, 
 to thin out and cultivate them as thoroughly as desirable. The fly has also done considerable 
 damage in many places. In the township of Greenock (Bruce county) those sown late 
 are said to have escaped the fly. In Middlesex, Oxford and Perth the accounts are dis- 
 couraging ; in other parts of the Province the reports are on the whole favourable. 
 Carrots and mangolds are not very extensively grown as a field crop. The reports con- 
 cerning them are much the same as of turnips, except that no insect pests are reported, 
 the only enemy mentioned being a white grub which has attacked mangolds in Middlesex. 
 The importance of uriderdraining is generally referred to by correspondents as bearing 
 specially on the root crop, as many farmers devote their low lands to the growth of roots. 
 One correspondent in Oxford states, so exceptional is the character of this season, that 
 
14 
 
 even where the land is underdrained the water cannot pass off fast enough. Those who- 
 have underdrained their farms, however, find themselves in a much better position than 
 their neighbours who have not done anything in that direction. 
 
 FRUIT. 
 
 Apples are usually regarded as the staple fruit crop of Ontario, each locality finding 
 one or more varieties suited to its peculiarities of soil and climate. The greatest number 
 of varieties mature in the south-western counties, and the large apple orchards there are 
 the source of no inconsiderable part of the farmer's income. In the northerly and north- 
 easterly counties the varieties are fewer, and experience proves that for successful culture 
 they must be of a hardier character. In this respect the mistakes of earlier years have 
 been slowly corrected, so that now it is pretty well known what kinds may be planted 
 with a reasonable hope that they will withstand the severities of winter. Last year the 
 orchards in the western counties were overrun with some form of blight, that not only 
 blasted the young fruit but arrested the growth of the trees, and in many instances 
 destroyed their life. The eastern counties alone furnished the apple supply of the 
 country, and doubtless a sufficiency was produced for home consumption. This year fruit- 
 growers were hopeful of making good the last year's loss, especially as the prospect was 
 cheering at the blossoming season. But for some cause there is general disappointment 
 throughout the country. The apple crop has failed everywhere, and it is doubtful if 
 enough will mature for home wants. But if the crop is thin there is nothing to complain 
 of as to the condition of the trees, for the rainy season has promoted an active growth 
 and correspondents everywhere note that an unusual quantity of new wood has been 
 formed, and for the same reason that — where not attacked by the codling moth or other 
 injurious insects — the quality of the fruit is exceptionally good. And with the fine, 
 healthy growth of this year confidence is felt that, under favourable circumstances, next 
 year's crop will be a very abundant one. 
 
 Peaches are confined to a limited district, and in the best counties (Essex and Kent) 
 the fruit buds appear to have been destroyed by the ice-storms and the intense cold of 
 last winter. A large number of trees in these counties — presumably from the same cause 
 — have died in whole or in part since the opening of spring. In Elgin, Norfolk, Haldi- 
 mand and Lincoln there will probably be half a crop, but the curculio or some other insect 
 is reported as destroying it and the fruit is dropping off. 
 
 Plums are reported as an excellent crop in many counties, especially in portions of 
 Huron, Bruce, Grey, Simcoe, Dufferin, York, Northumberland and Prince Edward, and 
 to a lesser extent in Haldimand, Welland and Peterborough. In Grey and Simcoe the 
 trees are loaded and require to be propped up. The curculio has injured the crop in other- 
 counties, but it appears to be less destructive than usual this year. The dry rot, too, ifs 
 doing much harm to the fruit, and there are some sections in which the bulk of it has 
 dropt off after attaining its full growth. The most fatal enemy of the plum tree is the 
 black knot, which is spreading through the country to an alarming extent. In the West 
 Midland and Lake Ontario counties especially it has done great harm. 
 
 But the worst effects of black knot are noticeable in cherry trees. The red, or 
 Canadian variety, is being killed off almost completely, and there does not seem to be any 
 effort made to arrest its progress, notwithstanding that a special Act was passed by the 
 Legislature a few years ago with the object of stamping it out. The trouble seetas to be 
 that there is no proper system of inspection, or for enforcement of the provisions of the 
 Act ; no man is likely to be prosecuted by his neighbour. As might be expected, the 
 cherry crop this year is almost a complete failure. Even the birds turn away from the 
 fruit of the unhealthy trees without tasting it. 
 
 Pears are a short crop, their failure being probably due to the same cause as that of 
 apples. The most favourable reports of this fruit come from the counties of Norfolk, 
 Haldimand, Welland, Brant and Prince Edward. 
 
 Gooseberries, currants, raspberries, strawberries and other small fruits are abundant 
 in almost every section of the Province, and will go far to make up for the failure of the 
 
15 
 
 larger fruits. Grapes are only moderate. The vines were injured by the intense cold of 
 last winter ; and, following a wet summer, mildew prevails to some extent. The rose-bug 
 is also more than usually destructive to the foliage. 
 
 The following extracts from the reports of correspondents convey a pretty accurate 
 idea of the condition of fruits in all parts of the Province : 
 
 John Dickie, of Colchester South (Essex), says : "Fruif^ trees are in a healthy con- 
 dition. Apples, almost a failure j pears, not quite so bad as apples. Many peach trees 
 were killed by the intense cold of the winter. There was a great show of blossoms, both 
 of peaches and cherries, but the cold rains of May destroyed nine-tenths of the blossoms 
 before fructification took place, so that cherries were a very poor crop and peaches will be 
 no better. Plums as yet show an average crop. Small fruits, such as strawberries, red 
 and black currants and raspberries have been an excellent crop. Grapes are an average 
 crop, but much damaged in some places by mildew. There will be a great scarcity of 
 krge fruit, especially apples." 
 
 Alex. McD. Allan, Goderich : " Trees generally healthy. Twig-blight in apples, and 
 considerable trouble with blight in pears. The crop of apples will be small — less than 
 half a crop. Although they set fairly well they have fallen badly since. Pears, a small 
 crop, hardly half. Plums, the largest crop for many years, and from experience of this 
 season we believe the crop can hereafter be saved by an application of Paris Green when 
 the plum is formed ; half a teaspoon of the Green to be mixed in a pail of water and 
 appUed with a fine rose ; two or three applications in the season. This effectually dis- 
 poses of the curculio. Peaches, none. Small fruits abundant." 
 
 D. W. Beadle, St. Catharines : " The present indications arei that the crop of apples 
 and pears will be light — below medium. Hardly any plums this year. Cherries rotted 
 badly from the continued wet weather, which seriously injured the crop. The strawberry 
 crop was below the average. The raspberry crop, now being gathered, is good and the 
 sample fine. Peaches will not be more than half a crop, hardly that ; many trees are 
 dying, probably in consequence of injury caused by the past winter. The grape crop will 
 be Velow an average ; many vines, especially in exposed places, were injured by the 
 winter, and the wet weather of July has caused much mildew of those varieties that are 
 subject to it, such as the Agawam. Currants are abundant, and gooseberries were never 
 more so." z 
 
 Matthew Clements, Milton : " The apple crop may be said to be a failure. It will 
 be the smallest crop for twenty years. The trees blossomed well, but the fruit did not 
 set. Pears are better, but will not be a good crop. There is a large crop of plums, but 
 they are said to be rotting badly. Cherries are a very light crop, and small fruit is 
 rather sparse." 
 
 William McCraney, OakvUle : " Strawberries, gooseberries, black-caps and currants in 
 abundance. Apples, pears, plums, peaches and cherries not more than half a crop, but so 
 much is raised here that there will be considerably more than is required for home 
 consumption." 
 
 W. H. Doel, jr., of York township : " Fruit trees on dry or drained lands are more 
 healthy than for two years. Apple and plum trees almost free from vermin. Cherries, 
 and especially pears, badly troubled with slug. (A dose of Paris Green water kills them.) 
 Apples, a very poor crop. Plums, a good but not heavy crop. All small fruits are 
 giving heavy crops." 
 
 A. Forster, Markham : " The fruit trees ha,ve made a large growth and are looking 
 well, but apples are not considered an average crop. If pears come to maturity, they 
 will be above the average. Not many peaches grown here. Plums are showing for a 
 full crop. Cherries almost ' defunct ' on account of black knot. Small fruits have not 
 been near the average." 
 
 Dr. File, Ameliasburg (Prince Edward county) : " Fruit trees have grown well this 
 season, but the apple crop is almost a failure, although the trees were almost loaded with 
 blossoms. Pears are good. Plums, cherries and small fruit abundant. There will be a 
 large surplus of plums, as the crop is the best for years." 
 
 Thomas Briggs, Kingston township (Frontenac) : " Small fruits of all kinds have 
 been and are abundant, unusually fine in quality and of good size. Cherries are plenty 
 
16 
 
 and good. Plums, if not injured by the curculio, promise to be abundant. Pears, a fair 
 crop. Apples promise to be a fair crop, although some growers state that their trees are 
 not so well loaded as they would desire. No complaints of fruit trees having been in any 
 way injured by the past severe winteSr, or otherwise." 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The reports from all parts of the Province agree that pasture was never better, and 
 that in consequence Live Stock is in a thriving condition. In fact, so abundant is the 
 pasturage that the cattle are not able to consume it, and in many places a good crop of 
 hay has been cut off the pasturage fields. The growth of white clover has been very 
 rank, and one correspondent observes that this has had a tendency to check noxious 
 weeds, as even the Canada thistle cannot withstand a rank growth of clover. Though 
 the wet season has caused an abundance of grass, there is one drawback. Cattle do not 
 seem to take on flesh so rapidly as usual, and this is attributed to the grass being too 
 succulent, and therefore less nourishing. Sheep have suffered more than any other live 
 stock from the wetness of the season. Horses are in thriving condition, and are in good 
 demand for export. The only disease reported among them, is pink-eye in two or three 
 townships of Grey, and a distemper spoken of by one correspondent in the township of 
 Culross, in Bruce. In Vespra (Simooe county) a good many foals are said to have come 
 weak and died. 
 
 Cattle are doing well and the flow of milk is very large, though it takes a larger 
 quantity than usual to produce a given quantity of butter or cheese. Fat cattle are 
 reported scarce, being bought up as soon as they are fit for the market. There is a good 
 supply of young cattle coming on. Those who have cattle to sell are disappointed in their 
 weights, the flesh not being as firm as in a season when there is not so much moisture in 
 the grass.. An intelligent correspondent strongly recommends feeding meal to fatteniag 
 stock, no matter how good the pasturage may be. The price of beef cattle keeps tigh, 
 and farmers are turning their attention more than formerly, especially in the west, to 
 feeding cattle for the market. The demand for export to Britain is on the increase all 
 the time, and from Lambton we are told there is a demand for young heifers for Mani- 
 toba. The only diseases reported among cattle is a species of cough, arising no doubt from 
 the dampness of the season, in Winchester (Dundas county), and black-leg among young 
 cattle in Fitzroy (Carleton county), but in neither case do they prevail to any serious 
 extent. 
 
 As already observed, sheep have suffered considerably from the wetness of the 
 season, but there does not appear to have been much mortality. In Fullarton (Perth county), 
 some are said to have died through bursting of their stomachs. The price is said to be 
 high, $7.50 being the average, according to a correspondent in Collingwood. Notwith- 
 standing this, farmers complain that sheep raising is unprofitable on account of the low 
 price of wool. 
 
 Pigs are doing well, though it is said that, in many cases, farmers neglect to care 
 properly for this class of their stock. A good many young pigs are reported to have died 
 in Norfolk, Bruce and Peel. 
 
 THE DAIRY INTEREST. 
 
 The dairying interest is constantly growing in importance in this Province. The 
 season has been most favourable for this industry, and the supply of milk is reported 
 unusually large. In the west butter has been scarce — a report which hardly agrees with 
 the statement of an Essex correspondent that the best commands only from 10 to 12 
 cents per lb. More attention is, however, being paid to the production of butter in the 
 west, while in the east the cheese industry appears to be growing the more rapidly. 
 
 Creameries are on the increase everywhere, and one correspondent remarks that the 
 
17 
 
 scarcity of domestic help induces farmers more than ever to send their milk to the cheese 
 and butter factories. Reports have been received from seventeen, out of a total of 
 twenty-nine in the Province this year. The figures show 250,908 lbs. of butter to have 
 been manufactured. Of this quantity 217,855 lbs. were sold, realizing the sum of $48,146, 
 or an average of over nineteen cents per lb. Owing to the different systems of measure 
 it is difficult to arrive at a statement which will show the average yield. Five creameries 
 return as the quantity of cream used 56,870 inches, from which were produced 51,156 lbs. 
 of butter. One reports 1,360 gallons, the yield of butter therefrom being 3,400 lbs. The 
 remaining eleven report by weight, the quantity of cream used being 5,411,767 lbs., from 
 which were made 196,352 lbs. of butter.. The number of patrons sending milk or cream to 
 these seventeen creameries is 627, and the number of cows whose milk is used is about 3,850. 
 A number of the establishments are carried on as joint butter and cheese factories, some of 
 them using a portion of the new milk received in the manufacture of cheese. Others use all 
 the cream for butter and confine their attention entirely to skim milk cheese. The general 
 average product appears to be one pound of butter from twenty- five pounds of milk, though 
 this will necessarily vary with the season. When measured by inches the yield is nearly one. 
 pound to the inch. As to price, creamery butter is in demand at higher figures than store 
 butter. The average this season appears to have been from seventeen cents to twenty-one 
 cents. One factory in the county of Dundas sold all made up to the 15th June at twenty- 
 three and a half cents, and now holds for a higher price. Another in Huron has sold all 
 made so far this season at twenty-one cents, while the price of store butter in the same 
 locality was thirteen cents — " and hard to sell at that." Another reports that a leading 
 produce firm in Montreal buys all the creamery butter it can get in that neighbourhood, 
 giving more even than the highest quoted market price, for shipment to Great Britain. 
 
 The system on which these creameries generally appear to be run is, for the patrons 
 to pay a price agreed upon (from 3|c. to 4c. per ft.) to the proprietors for manufacturing, 
 the latter furnishing the necessary salt, tubs, etc., the balance of the proceeds of the sale 
 of the butter being divided among the patrons in proportion to the milk or cream fur- 
 nished. In some cases the patrons constitute a joint stock company, and retain the profit 
 of manufacturing themselves. A prejudice has existed in the past against the creamery 
 system, but it is rapidly disappearing, and this industry is likely to grow as rapidly as 
 cheese manufacturing did some years ago. The skim milk cheese made in the creameries 
 sells at from 6Jc. to 9c. per ft. 
 
 The total number of cheese factories in the Province, as reported by correspondents 
 and others, is 628. Returns have been received of the make of 262 of these factories to 
 the 31st of July, and of these 218 have given complete figures of the quantity of milk 
 used, the quantity of cheese made, the number of patrons and the number of cows whose 
 milk was supplied. The total quantity of milk used in the 262 factories which made 
 returns was 110,845,829 fts.; the quantity of cheese made, 10,833,507 fts.; the value of 
 the cheese sold, $903,310 ; and the quantity of cheese on hand, 2,402,135 fts. The 
 quantity of milk used in the 218 factories which made complete returns was 94,645,499 
 fts.; the quantity of cheese made, 9,065,837 fts.; the number of patrons, 11,208; and 
 the number of cows whose milk was supplied, 73,374. Detailed information regarding 
 this product will be found in Table No. YI. 
 
 CANADA THISTLES AND OTHER NOXIOUS WEEDS. 
 
 The following conclusions embody the almost unanimous opinion of correspondents 
 of the Bureau on the subject of the thistle pest : (1) That the area of land covered by 
 Canada thistles is rapidly increasing in nearly every part of the Province ; (2) that the 
 present season has been unusually favourable to the spread of Canada thistles, the heavy 
 rainfall having given them a vigorous and rapid growth before the land was in fit condi- 
 tion to summer-fallow; (3) that the general adoption of an improved system of husbandry 
 would render the Canada thistles comparatively innoxious to the farmer, even if it did 
 not completely extirpate it ; (4) that in the present state of agriculture in this Province 
 
 2 
 
18 
 
 legal means for limiting the propagation of these weeds are required, and that the existing 
 laws are not generally enforced. It is possible, of course, that the increase of the evil has 
 been somewhat magnified to the minds of correspondents by the exceptional character of 
 the season, but after making every allowance of that sort there can be no doubt that 
 these pests exist everywhere to an extent which makes them an unfavorable element of 
 no small importance in the agriculture of the Province. In only four counties of' 
 Ontario — viz. , Haldimand, Russell, Peterborough and Lanark — do any considerable number 
 of correspondents report that the farmers are able to keep the propagation of Canada 
 thistles in reasonable restraint, though of course there are elsewhere limited localities in 
 which a high average quality of farming and a strict observance of the law conduce to 
 the same favourable results. In a large majority of the municipalities by-laws have been 
 passed dealing with the nuisance, but in only a very few townships does there appear to 
 be any enforcement of either these by-laws or of the Acts of the Ontario Legislature 
 (Chap. 188, R. S. 0., as amended by 48 Victoria, Chap, 29) dealing with the same 
 subject. " Pathmasters will not take proceedings against their neighbours " is the almost 
 universally assigned reason for the non-enforcement of the law ; and a large number of 
 correspondents write very strongly in favour either of making the appointment of 
 Inspectors by Township Councils compulsory, or of the appointment of Government 
 Inspectors. 
 
 Though the Canada thistle, by reason of its general distribution and the difficulty of 
 eradicating it, is the worst of the noxious weeds with which the Ontario farmer has to 
 contend, there are a number of others which are scarcely less troublesome, and some of 
 them appear to be increasing their area very rapidly. Wild oats are very commonly 
 reported by correspondents in Bruce, Huron and Grey ; and ragweed, ox-eye daisy, 
 pigeon-weed, wild chamomile, charlock or wild mustard, milkweed, red-root, twitch grass, 
 I wild flax, tares, yellow dock, burdock, herrick, and some other weeds which are described 
 but not named, prevail in various parts of the Province. These weeds are frequently 
 reported as having been introduced into localities in which they were previously unknown 
 by means of impure seed, and several correspondents suggest the extension of Section 9, 
 Chapter 188, R. S. O. (which applies only to Canada thistle seed), so as to cover the seeds 
 of other noxious weeds. 
 
 Mr. John Bishop, of Orford, Kent Co., writes : " Canada thistles are spreading 
 badly. I think the only way to destroy them would be for the Government to appoint 
 Inspectors for each township, similar to license inspectors ; and all the legislation we 
 require is a law providing for the appointment of these Inspectors or Commissioners, 
 with the necessary powers." 
 
 Mr. Edmund B. Harrison, of Howard, Kent Co., writes : " Allow the thistle to 
 grow until nearly mature ; break them down, stripping the leaves, and bruising them. 
 Allow them to leaf well again, and then repeat the process, thus exhausting the vitality 
 of the plants. Seed down to clover and grass. Have an officer appointed specially by 
 the Government to enforce the law. "We have a township by-law, but it is seldom enforced." 
 
 Mr. S. T. Pettit, of South Dorchester, Elgin Co., writes : " Canada thistles are 
 spreading in this locality. We have blue thistles and daisies, besides other noxious weeds 
 that should be kept under. I would suggest a general law for the above-named weeds, 
 as well as mustard and perhaps some others. We should have Inspectors appointed by 
 the Government or by the townships to enforce the law. If by the townships, then the 
 Councils should be compelled to appoint them. More legislation for the eradication and 
 prevention of noxious weeds is much needed. Slovenly farmers destroy the best efforts 
 of thrifty ones." 
 
 Mr. Dugald Campbell of Dunwich, Elgin Co., writes : " Canada thistles and milkweed 
 are spreading veiy rapidly. The manner in which the law is enforced at present is of no 
 account — one neighbour does not like to inform on another. The roadmaster has as 
 many as his neighbour, so they will cut the thistles near the roadside where they would 
 be seen, while the fields and by-ways are neglected. I suggest that a suitable person be 
 appointed as an Inspector in each township or ward, that he devote his time to going over 
 the territory assigned to him, for, say two months at the proper season, forcing private 
 individuals as well as roadmasters to carry out the law ; and that said Inspector should be 
 
19 
 
 paid a reasonable compensation for his services. The appointment should be left to the 
 G-overnment, and not with the Municipal Councils, because in the latter case favouritism 
 would be shown." 
 
 Mr. Robert Watson, of Windham, Norfolk Co., writes : "Canada thistles, and a 
 noxious weed called here wild flax, are spreading very fast. Good summer fallowing is the 
 remedy. The Township Councils should be compelled to appoint an officer who should see 
 to it that farmers destroy these weeds. We have a by-law but its provisions are never 
 enforced." 
 
 Mr. Wm. Kindres, of North Cayuga, Haldimand Co., writes : " Thistles are on the 
 increase. I would suggest as a means of getting rid of them summer fallow, and plough 
 three times during the summer and seed to clover ; mow one year and pasture one year or 
 two. Some farmers let the thistles get into blossom and then plough them down by having 
 a chain fastened to the plough — a very good plan." 
 
 Mr. Geo. M. Everest, of Plympton, Lambton Co., writes: "Canada thistles are 
 spreading to an alarming extent. ^ Would recommend the appointment of a public prose- 
 cutor by the Government, as it is impossible to get pathmasters to prosecute their neigh- 
 bours, thereby getting their ill-wUl. We have a by-law but it is worthless, as it is not 
 enforced." 
 
 Mr. D. S. Robertson, of the same township, says : " Thistles are certainly spreading. 
 As to the means of extermination, I have sometimes quite unexpectedly succeeded in 
 killing large patches, and I believe that the same means, if applied to a whole field — 
 though I have not tried it to that extent — -would have a similar result. My experience 
 and observation lead me to believe that thorough cultivation, either on a summer fallow 
 or root or corn crop, succeeded by a smothering crop of grass, clover, etc. (sown with a 
 lavish hand), would approximate extermination more nearly than any other method I 
 know of. So far legislation on the subject is a dead letter, and will continue to be so as 
 long as it is based on the principle of making one neighbour prosecute another." 
 
 Mr. John Anderson, of Turnberry, Huron Co., says : "Good year for thistles, but 
 another weed which is harder to get rid of and is spreading very rapidly here is wild oats. 
 We have a township by-law on paper, but I might say that is all." 
 
 Mr. G. E. Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron Co., writes : " Canada thistles are spread- 
 ing to an extent that is perfectly alarming. Wild oats are also increasing. The best 
 means I can devise is to summer fallow, ploughing as deeply as possible in the months of 
 July and August, sow to fall wheat, seeding down thickly with clover and grass, mowing 
 for three years in succession (twice the first year, last cut for seed). The present law is 
 good but it is a dead letter. The Council are as bad oflfenders as individual farmers, as 
 they do not cut even the weeds on the roads." 
 
 Mr. Samuel Smellie, of the same township, writes : " We have a new weed imported 
 from England in barley. It is called bind-weed here. It is vine-like and has a flower 
 like a very small morning glory." 
 
 Mr. Geo. Hood, of Morris, Huron Co., says: "The remedies are to educate the 
 farmer to use his brains, and to teach agricultural chemistry in the public schools." 
 
 Mr. Daniel Sullivan, of Brant Township, Bruce Co., writes : " Canada thistles are 
 spreading this year on account of the wet weather. Farmers do not dread them much, 
 however, as good summer fallowing leaves them powerless to do mischief. Wild oats are 
 spreading, and are not so easily got rid of. The wild chamomile is also getting to be a 
 great nuisance. We have a township by-law, but it is not properly enforced." 
 
 Mr. A. Bond, of Meaford, Grey Co., writes : "I believe Canadian thistles are spread- 
 ing, also burrs and burdocks. I think the best means of getting rid of these noxious 
 weeds would be to have cheaper labour and more of it. Farmers have more land than 
 they can work well, and labour is so high that it takes the whole crop to pay hired help. 
 In many cases the labouring man gets the grain and the farmer the straw. Summer 
 fallowing and seeding down seem to do good service. I believe there is a township by-law, 
 but it is not enforced. There are some wild oats in this county. I believe there should 
 be an Inspector appointed for every township or municipality to see that black knot on 
 fruit trees are cut and burned. The same Inspector might be instructed to enforce laws 
 respecting noxious weeds." 
 
20 
 
 Mr. J. C. Rykert, M.P., of St. Catharines, writes : " Canada thistles are spreading. 
 Some more stringent law must be passed to enforce their destruction. Law not properly 
 enforced in the township." 
 
 Mr. R. Osborne, of Clark Township, Durham Co., writes: "I never saw Canada 
 thistles worse than they are now. Wild oats and tares are also spreading very rapidly. 
 I would suggest thorough summer fallowing, and then a hoed crop — corn and roots. Our 
 legislation is all right if it was put in force ; but there is no good neighbour likes to com- 
 plain against another. There should be men appointed to see that no farmers allow 
 thistles to go to seed." 
 
 Mr. Robert Flynn, of Olden Township, Frontenac Co., writes: "Thistles and burrs 
 are spreading. I would suggest that every pathmaster should have them cut on his road 
 division, and that the township should be compelled to have a fund for that purpose, to 
 be collected from the lands adjoining the road allowance where the thistles and weeds grow; 
 this rate to be levied according to the expense of cutting the weeds. Keep pigs off the 
 road, and people will keep the adjoining lands clean sooner than pay a ^eed tax. We have 
 a township by-law fairly enforced, but the trouble is large tracts of unoccupied lands." 
 
 Mr. Albert Hagar, of North Plantagenet, Prescott Co., writes : "Thistles plentiful, 
 but we keep them under by cutting in the proper season. A worse weed is getting into 
 the township from Glengarry — has a blue flower and is called the ' Bishop's flower.' It 
 has a very long root, is hard to exterminate, and spreads rapidly. It will ruin farms if 
 not taken in time." 
 
 Mr. Robt. McLaren, of Horton Township, Renfrew Co., writes : " Thistles and 
 various other noxious weeds are very plentiful. I think the seeds of very bad weeds are 
 sometimes brought in in the grass seed which is purchased in Montreal and other distant 
 places." 
 
 Mr. H. Reazin, of Matilda Tp., Lanark Co., writes : " Canada thistles are prolific 
 this year. Here is a sure cure — ^ahead of all legislation — Plough (with a narrow plough) 
 (1) immediately after removing the cfop ; (2) ten to fifteen days afterwards j (3) before 
 freezing ; (4) gang plough in spring. Follow this recipe and you will have no thistles 
 to cut, no binding gloves to buy, and no fox-tail in your grain." 
 
 Mr. Adam Harkness, of Matilda Tp., Dundas Co., writes : " Canada thistles are 
 not so bad as they were twenty years ago. We grow hay extensively, and they cannot 
 live in well-seeded meadows. I would suggest thorough cultivation. Never plough more 
 than three years in succession — to be followed by meadow for two or three years. Keep 
 cattle, and above all things hogs, off the roads, and mow the highways the same as 
 meadows. The present law is very good, but difficult to enforce ; we must edticate the 
 farmers up to it. I think we shquld begin in the public schools. We have a by-law, 
 but it is not generally enforced, though it does some good. In good sections of the town- 
 ship we have little trouble, but where the farms are naturally poor the farmers seem to 
 partake of the nature of their surroundings." 
 
 Mr. P. W. Freeman, of Loughboro' Tp., Frontenac Co., writes : " Thistles and 
 other noxious weeds are spreading. We require legislation to make it imperative on the 
 part of our Municipal Councils to compel the destruction of all such noxious weeds on 
 the highways, on waste or pasture land, and along fences. I am informed that no town- 
 ship by-law has been passed, and little or nothing done to check the growth of these 
 weeds. If the Council are not compelled by statute to enforce the law they will not do 
 so, for fear of losing the votes of the slovenly farmers who are in the majority, but if the 
 Councillors were each under a heavy penalty for neglect or refusal it would make a 
 difference." 
 
 Mr. Walter Riddell, of Hamilton Tp., Northumberland Co., writes : " Canada 
 thistles, charlock and quick grass are our most troublesome weeds, and all are spreading. 
 Careful farming and frequent seeding down with clover are the best means of getting rid 
 of them. If our present law against thistles was enforced it would do, but at present it 
 is a dead letter, and while it is left to Township Councils it will be so. If inspectors 
 were employed to see the law faithfully enforced it would be a step in the right direction. 
 Think we have no by-law, but if there is one its provisions are not enforced." 
 
 Mr. W. H. Doel, jr., of York Tp., York Co., writes : " Mustard is spreading some- 
 
21 
 
 •what. Canada thistles are bad enough, but a very large percentage of landholders cut 
 them before they seed. We have a by-law on the subject, but it is not often enforced. 
 Pathmasters themselves are about the greatest sinners, as at this time of the year the 
 roads are generally adorned along both sides by thistles gone to seed." 
 
 LABOUR AND WAGES. 
 
 The supply of labour during the haying and harvesting seasons -was not equal to the 
 demand, but the failure of the fall wheat crop discouraged high wages. The average 
 ranged from $1.25 to $2 per day — the latter figure being paid in the wheat and barley 
 harvest. In many districts, however, farmers exchanged work, and in this way were 
 able to dispense with hired labourers. Correspondents also state that a large number of 
 self-binding reapers have been introduced this year. 
 
 THE WHEAT CROP ELSEWHERE. 
 
 A bulletin issued by the secretary of the Department of Agriculture for Manitoba 
 estimates the area under wheat in that Province at 250,000 acres. This is computed to 
 yield 6,250,000 bushels, or about 2,500,000 bushels available for export. The crop in 
 the United States will be at least 65,000,000 bushels less than last year, and some official 
 reports reckon that the deficiency will be 10^000,000 to 15,000,000 more. In England 
 the area under crop is 13 per cent, less than lastyear, and the yield is estimated at 8^ 
 per cent, below the standard average, which is 29 bushels per acre. The French crop is 
 much below last year's ; some authorities place the deficiency at 76,000,000 bushels, and 
 others as high as 128,000,000 bushels. Last year France imported 40,000,000 bushels 
 of wheat. In Germany and Hungary the crop is nearly an average one, but in Russia 
 the fall wheat is a general failure. The official report states that 70 per cent, of it has 
 been destroyed. The area under spring wheat is, according to the same authority, 
 20,764,890 acres. A large crop was reaped in India, but the prevalence of destructive 
 storms and the outbreak of cholera have hindered shipments. 
 
22 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 TABLE No. I. — Showing by County Municipalities the Acreage under Fall Wheat and 
 Spring Wheat in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883, and the produce of each kind; 
 also the quantity of Wheat in Farmers' hands on 15th June, 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Erant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln ... 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville . . 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings ... 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Totals 
 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. Bush. 
 
 33366 
 62102 
 51583 
 31406 
 33498 
 23841 
 37428 
 
 59606 
 
 33286 
 
 61952 
 
 88811 
 
 43853 
 
 33047 
 
 48347 
 
 37409 
 
 42.570 
 
 16021 
 
 24602 
 
 35219 
 
 26387 
 
 30342 
 
 48148 
 
 18426 
 
 5152 
 
 12117 
 
 3555 
 
 2547 
 
 2911 
 
 7956 
 
 2763 
 
 829 
 
 871 
 
 19 
 
 452 
 
 4768 
 
 3108 
 
 6310 
 
 12198 
 
 13069 
 
 43 
 
 9127 
 
 29 
 
 452 
 
 43 
 
 1089455 
 
 492148 
 
 791800 
 
 670579 
 
 320341 
 
 331630 
 
 224105 
 
 536468 
 
 970632 
 
 860976 
 
 571410 
 
 1189278 
 
 1454279 
 
 559125 
 
 439053 
 
 580164 
 
 714928 
 
 553410 
 
 328431 
 
 241100 
 
 470024 
 
 234185 
 
 679660 
 
 1015485 
 
 351015 
 
 1373861 
 
 276960 
 
 67545 
 
 63675 
 
 56473 
 
 206856 
 
 75982 
 
 22383 
 
 23546 
 
 380 
 
 8287 
 
 72116 
 
 77700 
 
 120537 
 
 277504 
 
 281696 
 
 860 
 
 164286 
 
 493 
 
 6780 
 
 688 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. Bush. 
 
 16522359 
 
 39303 
 
 59858 
 
 52158 
 
 34476 
 
 34946 
 
 27983 
 
 39773 
 
 91067 
 
 66202 
 
 50277 
 
 66719 
 
 102282 
 
 49245 
 
 35790 
 
 60403 
 
 37517 
 
 45610 
 
 13185 
 
 25458 
 
 34605 
 
 26742 
 
 30636 
 
 52568 
 
 17014 
 
 4-226 
 
 10556 
 
 4392 
 
 2886 
 
 3312 
 
 10212 
 
 3880 
 
 2155 
 
 2362 
 
 388 
 
 515 
 
 4552 
 
 2977 
 
 6313 
 
 10568 
 
 11358 
 
 240 
 
 12831 
 
 98 
 
 817 
 
 65 
 
 1188520 
 
 903969 
 
 1556308 
 
 1460624 
 
 896376 
 
 733866 
 
 447728 
 
 954552 
 
 2640943 
 
 1986060 
 
 1508310 
 
 2068289 
 
 2761614 
 
 1231125 
 
 930540 
 
 1691284 
 
 1012959 
 
 1368300 
 
 395550 
 
 661908 
 
 795915 
 
 534840 
 
 . 765900 
 
 1419336 
 
 510420 
 
 114102 
 
 285012 
 
 61488 
 
 54834 
 
 69552 
 
 194028 
 
 73720 
 
 38790 
 
 35430 
 
 3880 
 
 10.300 
 
 63728 
 
 47632 
 
 113634 
 
 274768 
 
 306666 
 
 3840 
 
 243789 
 
 1568 
 
 20425 
 
 1300 
 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1 — 
 
 Acres. Bush. Acres. Bush, 
 
 31255202 
 
 1492 
 
 1257 
 
 610 
 
 588 
 
 1985 
 
 1001 
 
 .3745 
 
 14072 
 
 13051 
 
 58728 
 
 32243 
 
 3996 
 
 7091 
 
 1098 
 
 14204 
 
 21788 
 
 4752 
 
 19744 
 
 1253 
 
 1613 
 
 2920 
 
 13451 
 
 24990 
 
 45555 
 
 43253 
 
 32604 
 
 6974 
 
 7699 
 
 8668 
 
 14149 
 
 3924 
 
 3645 
 
 7177 
 
 8126 
 
 5403 
 
 22210 
 
 27025 
 
 14265 
 
 36042 
 
 23103 
 
 1401 
 
 18622 
 
 1856 
 
 7008 
 
 2809 
 
 587090 
 
 23275 
 
 17346 
 
 12200 
 
 17760 
 
 31902 
 
 12262 
 
 49546 
 
 216287 
 
 214036 
 
 1104086 
 
 553936 
 
 66819 
 
 125865 
 
 17842 
 
 221582 
 
 348608 
 
 337622 
 
 18043 
 
 27824 
 
 49640 
 
 245000 
 
 456960 
 
 824131 
 
 924511 
 
 554268, 
 
 129019 
 
 134611 
 
 108350 
 
 212235 
 
 66316 
 
 61965 
 
 150717 
 
 130016 
 
 90050 
 
 333150 
 
 540500 
 
 224674 
 
 540630 
 
 405952 
 
 19614 
 
 265363 
 
 30624 
 
 210240 
 
 42135 
 
 10237080 
 
 923 
 
 510 
 
 175 
 
 162 
 
 1227 
 
 606 
 
 4335 
 
 18004 
 
 10992 
 
 .51366 
 
 37118 
 
 1791 
 
 2982 
 
 873 
 
 9288 
 
 26595 
 
 5401 
 
 24883 
 
 990 
 
 1238 
 
 2316 
 
 15467 
 
 26676 
 
 49164 
 
 42676 
 
 30482 
 
 5601 
 
 5734 
 
 7510 
 
 11915 
 
 3516 
 
 3942 
 
 7132 
 
 7911 
 
 3454 
 
 25.586 
 
 24294 
 
 13087 
 
 43732 
 
 27106 
 
 1957 
 
 13072 
 
 1627 
 
 11885 
 
 1516 
 
 586817 
 
 14768 
 
 7650 
 
 3150 
 
 2268 
 
 14724 
 
 9090 
 
 56355 
 
 234052 
 
 142896 
 
 770490 
 
 593888 
 
 32238 
 
 44730 
 
 13968 
 
 130032 
 
 398925 
 
 91817 
 
 348362 
 
 14850 
 
 14856 
 
 39372 
 
 262939, 
 
 480168 
 
 835788 
 
 853520 
 
 518194 
 
 67212 
 
 120414 
 
 142690 
 
 214470 
 
 56256 
 
 63072 
 
 Old 
 Wheat 
 
 ON 
 HAND. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 94932 
 
 55264 
 358201 
 437294 
 248653 
 780696 
 352388 
 
 21527 
 261440 
 
 29286 
 309010 
 
 24256 
 
 9665999 
 
 128966 
 
 299901 
 
 118129 
 
 125141 
 
 99227 
 
 78415 
 
 136805 
 
 419413 
 
 282466 
 
 101902 
 
 39,5620 
 
 308883 
 
 210634 
 
 140306 
 
 272104 
 
 196542 
 
 159238 
 
 69001 
 
 60469 
 
 109599 
 
 126001 
 
 182028 
 
 292547 
 
 174793 
 
 101066 
 
 109341 
 
 14797 
 
 16888 
 
 266t)4 
 
 88479 
 
 21036 
 
 15767 
 
 22748 
 
 15578 
 
 10078 
 
 64882 
 
 6.5370 
 
 62683 
 
 118497 
 
 90947 
 
 2674 
 
 81960 
 
 3880 
 
 27182 
 
 4838 
 
 5453485 
 
23 
 
 BARLEY AND OATS. 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area and Produce of Barley 
 and Oats in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldiuiand 
 
 WeUand 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Brace 
 
 Srey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Erontenao 
 
 Leeds and Grenville . . . 
 
 Uandae 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Oarleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Bablet. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 2202 
 6692 
 4034 
 6661 
 13223 
 3968 
 15369 
 33B12 
 19884 
 23716 
 29181 
 18020 
 19784 
 14470 
 23646 
 33098 
 16106 
 8246 
 ^471 
 10064 
 12103 
 30010 
 50197 
 34064 
 38048 
 44357 
 43861 
 43453 
 22320 
 13632 
 90.39 
 3093 
 2094 
 1972 
 1329 
 7023 
 1258 
 2423 
 24421 
 13728 
 315 
 48576 
 440 
 577 
 842 
 
 Bush. 
 
 55666 
 181640 
 
 97421 
 18734r 
 357740 
 106938 
 379922 
 997156 
 556752 
 706025 
 882142 
 422389 
 535817 
 450637 
 591150 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 757622 
 
 508071 
 
 216457 
 
 134449 
 
 301920 
 
 375193 
 
 800267 
 
 1300102 
 
 963082 
 
 1141440 
 
 1280016 
 
 1164948 
 
 1024249 
 
 580320 
 
 328020 
 
 305066 
 
 89697 
 
 83760 
 
 59160 
 
 36326 
 
 182598 
 
 34595 
 
 72690 
 
 622735 
 
 376779 
 
 12600 
 
 1214400 
 
 9827 
 
 16733 
 
 25260 
 
 Bush. 
 
 1371 
 
 7384 
 
 5652 
 
 6913 
 19079 
 
 4108 
 18731 
 27352 
 19157 
 
 28431 
 
 28177 
 
 22018 
 
 22155 
 
 16260 
 
 23067 
 
 37829 
 
 18190 
 
 10430 
 5029 , 
 
 13643 
 
 14872 
 
 33572 I 
 
 58378 
 
 42750 
 
 46290 
 
 45094 
 
 47910 
 
 51868 
 
 26381 
 
 14610 
 9887 
 3572 
 2516 
 1449 
 931 
 6759 
 1230 
 2131 
 
 31579 
 
 14702 
 293 
 
 55698 
 424 
 385 I 
 360 
 
 Oats. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 20613495 848617 
 
 39759 
 221520 
 163908 
 200471 
 381580 
 78052 
 430831 
 847912 
 574710 
 796068 
 7889.^6 
 594486 
 708960 
 504060 
 715077 
 1134870 
 582080 
 260750 
 150870 
 409290 
 475904 
 1175020 
 1809718 
 1282500 
 1481280 
 1307726 
 1006110 
 1400436 
 791430 
 394470 
 355932 
 103588 
 5.5352 
 26082 
 20482 
 202770 
 36900 
 61799 
 844633 
 426358 
 5860 
 1404846 
 10176 
 11465 
 9360 
 
 24284407 
 
 Bush. 
 
 24337 
 29502 
 27004 
 24766 
 19909 
 17833 
 31506 
 73109 
 52991 
 74960 
 54059 
 63959 
 49207 
 16401 
 54596 
 60928 
 31659 
 21494 
 16518 
 25532 
 16834 
 24634 
 51379 
 42053 
 30710 
 25821 
 11971 
 18687 
 23464 
 58060 
 27637 
 23642 
 27876 
 24630 
 17886 
 47187 
 33821 
 31035 
 32467 
 24834 
 4518 
 38823 
 7183 
 3665 
 4442 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 997817 
 1194831 
 972144 
 1003023 
 766496 
 653877 
 1279931 
 2997469 
 1944770 
 2998100 
 2335889 
 2507193 
 2091297 
 732185 
 2293032 
 2190971 
 1307517 
 988724 
 768087 
 1106387 
 693935 
 1012731 
 2140792 
 1714828 
 1296644 
 1067268 
 402345 
 687682 
 717998 
 1904949 
 1050206 
 874754 
 1207960 
 8620.50 
 581295 
 1808835 
 1521945 
 1137950 
 1121587 
 926308 
 180720 
 1099985 
 251405 
 146600 
 183232 
 
 1423529 
 
 55724044 
 
 Bush. 
 
 24417 
 
 27982 
 
 32655 
 
 26253 
 
 19915 
 
 19209 
 
 32296 
 
 60123 
 
 49515 
 
 73112 
 
 48448 
 
 64416 
 
 45072 I 
 
 17167 
 
 45301 ! 
 
 56920 I 
 30795 1 
 23565 I 
 17106 
 28198 
 17762 
 24579 
 56108 
 41305 
 30,573 
 23363 
 12093 
 20396 
 27053 
 57085 
 25561 
 25137 
 30454 
 21832 
 333 
 52333 
 30215 
 28231 
 30676 
 24168 
 4646 
 37185 
 6700 
 2315 
 2847 
 
 1375415 
 
 805761 
 1175244 
 1208235 
 84009B 
 657195 
 499434 
 1033472 
 2284674 
 1732990 
 2705144 
 1647232 
 2318976 
 1667664 
 686680 
 1947943 
 2276800 
 1231800 
 754080 
 632922 
 1099722 
 692718 
 983160 
 2412644 
 1321760 
 1253493 
 747616 
 314418 
 734256 
 919802 
 1883805 
 1022440 
 930069 
 1063890 
 502136 
 5661 
 2145653 
 1208600 
 1185702 
 1104336 
 821712 
 92920 
 1115551) 
 234500 
 92600 
 102492 
 
 50097997 
 
24 
 
 EYE, PEAS AND BUTTER. 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area and Produce of Rye and 
 Peas in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883 ; also the quantity of Butter made by 
 Farmers in 1882. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey • 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Eronteuac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville ... 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Bte. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Totals 188438 3577774 
 
 739 
 
 288 
 
 1503 
 
 7649 
 
 1598 
 
 625 
 
 341 
 
 826 
 
 973 
 
 1738 
 
 4070 
 
 850 
 
 1701 
 
 1101 
 
 625 
 
 1597 
 
 938 
 
 1342 
 
 1058 
 
 1622 
 
 969 
 
 3244 
 
 4413 
 
 5972 
 
 10180 
 
 19560 
 
 14266 
 
 8962 
 
 7100 
 
 145.53 
 
 2426 
 
 835 
 
 123 
 
 416 
 
 887 
 
 10080 
 
 10017 
 
 8244 
 
 2372 
 
 5638 
 
 490 ! 
 
 24-535 
 
 802 
 
 202 
 
 968 
 
 Bush. 
 
 14780 
 
 5760 
 
 28181 
 
 127947 
 
 24636 
 
 12500 
 
 6138 
 
 16.520 
 
 24325 
 
 26070 
 
 94967 
 
 127.50 
 
 25515 
 
 19267 
 
 11250 
 
 31940 
 
 17822 
 
 20130 
 
 18515 
 
 30818 
 
 19380 
 
 67475 
 
 75021 
 
 104510 
 
 167243 
 
 296194 
 
 268676! 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres 
 
 174119 
 142000 
 315315 
 
 67928 
 
 16700 
 1845] 
 6240' 
 
 24392 
 183960 
 200340 
 180190 
 
 43882 
 103965 
 
 14700 
 496834 
 
 13634 
 4040 
 
 19360 
 
 312 
 
 398 
 
 1087 
 
 7907 
 
 2352 
 
 888 
 
 134 
 
 158 
 
 493 
 
 326 
 
 3547 
 
 462 
 
 1730 
 
 1240 
 
 122 
 
 1109 
 
 745 
 
 1463 
 
 760 
 
 1670 
 
 1272 
 
 3708 
 
 3418 
 
 5581 
 
 9332 
 
 15917 
 
 9459 
 
 8814 
 
 7676 
 
 16893 
 
 1991 
 
 1100 
 
 145 
 
 352 
 
 4088 
 
 1.3787 
 
 9792 
 
 13862 
 
 1848 
 
 4458 
 
 401 
 
 27424 
 
 369 
 
 105 
 
 336 
 
 Bush. 
 
 6240 
 
 11144 
 
 22807 
 
 150233 
 
 47040 
 
 14208 
 
 2680 
 
 3160 
 
 9860 
 
 6520 
 
 85128' 
 
 9240 
 
 25950 
 
 18600 
 
 2196 
 
 2.3289 
 
 14900 
 
 29260 
 
 11400 
 
 36740 
 
 21624' 
 
 81576 
 
 61524' 
 
 117201 
 
 167976 
 
 238755 
 
 122976 
 
 132210 
 
 153520 
 
 337860 
 
 53751 
 
 22000 
 
 1450 
 
 3520 
 
 81760 
 
 275740 
 
 225216 
 
 287322 
 
 33264 
 
 80244' 
 
 68171 
 
 49H632! 
 
 110701 
 
 1575. 
 
 6720 
 
 Peas. 
 
 189031 3549898 541713 11718339 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. Bush. 
 
 
 
 3.350 
 
 4786 
 
 7224 
 
 9087 
 
 9541 
 
 2651 
 
 5307 
 
 27-503 
 
 34789 
 
 43384 
 
 26316 
 
 15638 
 
 9599 
 
 6580 
 
 21541 
 
 34415 
 
 11428 
 
 9243 
 
 3228 
 
 8086 
 
 8,597 
 
 9985 
 
 21782 
 
 22023 
 
 20025 
 
 16837 
 
 3922 
 
 6759 
 
 9618 
 
 6517 
 
 2323 
 
 265S 
 
 6261 
 
 11249 
 
 4223 
 
 12279 
 
 19999 
 
 10581 
 
 14888 
 
 13323 
 
 1485 
 
 15001 
 
 2484 
 
 3512 
 
 1686' 
 
 67000 
 
 102420 
 
 114789 
 
 204457 
 
 180219 
 
 41912 
 
 69473 
 
 547860 
 
 898716 
 
 1146577 
 
 667900 
 
 212051 
 
 189100 
 
 148050 
 
 321607 
 
 669716 
 
 224103 
 
 231075 
 
 69725 
 
 192042 
 
 194046 
 
 181394 
 
 442447 
 
 472271 
 
 398275 
 
 376026 
 
 75498 
 
 157710 
 
 181780' 
 
 146632 
 
 49364 
 
 53160 
 
 109567 
 
 196857 
 
 73902 
 
 311068 
 
 419979 
 
 396787 
 
 314001 
 
 293772 
 
 37125 
 
 303770' 
 
 43056 
 
 140480 
 
 50580 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 2017 
 
 3328 
 
 8842 
 
 8080 
 
 12140 
 
 2914 
 
 4936 
 
 24244 
 
 32324 
 
 40177 
 
 28336 
 
 15410 
 
 11440 
 
 7456 
 
 19998 
 
 341971 
 
 113251 
 
 10687 
 
 3448 
 
 8280 
 
 8382 
 
 10382 
 
 23760 
 
 2-5208 
 
 26520 
 
 21328 
 
 3874 
 
 8852 
 
 12580 
 
 6246 
 
 1658 
 
 2780 
 
 8102 
 
 14118 
 
 475 
 
 13716 
 
 16156 
 
 9778 
 
 14529 
 
 13209 
 
 14.52 
 
 18886 
 
 1993 
 
 2658 
 
 936 
 
 Bush. 
 
 44374 
 
 76544 
 
 159166 
 
 177760 
 
 194240 
 
 29140 
 
 88848 
 
 533368 
 
 711128 
 
 803.540 
 
 566720 
 
 292790 
 
 251680 
 
 126752 
 
 439956 
 
 820728 
 
 249150 
 
 181679 
 
 55168 
 
 156940 
 
 176022 
 
 207640 
 
 47-5200 
 
 428536 
 
 530400 
 
 298592 
 
 426141 
 
 185892, 
 
 2516001 
 
 124920 
 
 36476 
 
 55600 
 
 137734 
 
 127062 
 
 19000 
 
 288036 
 
 323120 
 
 254228 
 
 290580' 
 
 264180 
 
 21780 
 
 302176 
 
 43846 
 
 79740 
 
 18720 
 
 557157 10943355 33442123 
 
 I 
 
 BUTTKB 
 made in 
 
 1882. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 636405 
 
 812395 
 
 601384 
 
 561025 
 
 708575 
 
 524425 
 
 677642 
 
 1583854 
 
 1325425 
 
 784409 
 
 1318781 
 
 1311288 
 
 759529 
 
 553065 
 
 1025494 
 
 1276467 
 
 710188 
 
 515077 
 
 589692 
 
 743007 
 
 487466 
 
 620850 
 
 1223332 
 
 885688 
 
 641512 
 
 611318 
 
 376471 
 
 483966 
 
 631588 
 
 1680653 
 
 1298434 
 
 709299 
 
 313781 
 
 372956 
 
 450228 
 
 1088949 
 
 986147 
 
 944968 
 
 627268 
 
 585221 
 
 125968 
 
 771233 
 
 222204 
 
 148739 
 
 135757 
 
25 
 
 CORN, BUCKWHEAT, BEANS AND HAY. 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area under Corn, Buckwheat 
 . and Beans in Ontario, in the years 1882 and 1883 ; also the Area and Produce of 
 Hay and Clover in the same years. 
 
 
 GOBN. 
 
 Buckwheat. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 
 Hat and 
 
 Clover. 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Essex 
 
 K?nt 
 
 Elgin 
 
 31564 
 
 26416 
 
 16201 
 
 16433 
 
 3262 
 
 8643 
 
 - 8956 
 
 2912 
 
 613 
 
 544 
 
 958 
 
 13495 
 
 11682 
 
 6220 
 
 1135 
 
 913 
 
 2240 
 
 175 
 
 7902 
 
 5978 
 
 1358 
 
 494 
 
 1773 
 
 3035 
 
 2608 
 
 5187 
 
 10494 
 
 2884 
 1680 
 5260 
 1.528 
 1285 
 
 925 
 W17 
 
 559 
 1134 
 
 655 
 1661 
 
 524 
 
 328 
 
 156 
 7618 
 
 298 
 85 
 90 
 
 27088 
 
 23390 
 
 15598 
 
 17152 
 
 2779 
 
 8315 
 
 8386 
 
 1915 
 
 365 
 
 335 
 
 768 
 
 12373 
 
 10644 
 
 6459 
 
 906 
 
 461 
 
 2493 
 
 53 
 
 6322 
 
 6342 
 
 1585 
 
 462 
 
 1930 
 
 3343 
 
 2418 
 
 .3915 
 
 9169 
 
 3856 
 
 2307 
 
 5830 
 
 1663 
 
 1847 
 
 1054 
 
 1620 
 
 644 
 
 1316 
 
 712 
 
 1929 
 
 504 
 
 290 
 
 207 
 
 7842 
 
 261 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 9.^6 
 
 977 
 
 1425 
 
 5413 
 
 944 
 
 1869 
 
 424 
 
 380 
 
 396 
 
 457 
 
 244 
 
 499 
 
 822 
 
 808 
 
 77 
 
 193 
 
 143 
 
 36 
 
 1236 
 
 994 
 
 226 
 
 375 
 
 317 
 
 444 
 
 738 
 
 3634 
 
 4844 
 
 27.55 
 
 1614 
 
 6547 
 
 3376 
 
 2703 
 
 1690 
 
 2081 
 
 981 
 
 3434 
 
 1437 
 
 7347 
 
 293 
 
 660 
 
 248 
 
 4973 
 
 335 
 
 127 
 
 259 
 
 245 
 
 623 
 
 1017 
 
 4.592 
 
 411 
 
 1524 
 
 354 
 
 197 
 
 245 
 
 214 
 
 271 
 
 386 
 
 524 
 
 646 
 
 24 
 
 188 
 
 55 
 
 31 
 
 702 
 
 826 
 
 202 
 
 257 
 
 211 
 
 365 
 
 543 
 
 2427 
 
 3188 
 
 1778 
 1434 
 4905 
 
 976 
 2372 
 1764 
 1586 
 
 195 
 3034 
 
 988 
 6269 
 
 303 
 
 404 
 
 321 
 2635 
 
 273 
 21 
 60 
 
 392 
 
 10868 
 
 1277 
 
 1978 
 
 232 
 
 1354 
 
 392 
 
 115 
 
 169 
 
 127 
 
 139 
 
 511 
 
 526 
 
 1273 
 
 40 
 
 71 
 
 99 
 
 15 
 
 180 
 
 151 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 202 
 
 619 
 
 645 
 
 684 
 
 335 
 
 99 
 230 
 281 
 194 
 
 63 
 201 
 622 
 251 
 353 
 479 
 225 
 176 
 
 79 
 
 17 
 263 
 
 56 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 240 
 
 6807 
 
 952 
 
 1188 
 
 213 
 
 810 
 
 270 
 
 39 
 
 57 
 
 156 
 
 62 
 
 464 
 
 276 
 
 952 
 
 65 
 
 13 
 
 32 
 
 16 
 
 , 138 
 
 203 
 
 33 
 
 79 
 
 139 
 
 549 
 
 329 
 
 714 
 
 497 
 
 270 
 456 
 430 
 188 
 107 
 118 
 712 
 195 
 422 
 517 
 360 
 133 
 130 
 
 23 
 363 
 
 44 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 38020 
 53319 
 53433 
 49735 
 55724 
 47283 
 52429 
 
 101397 
 86327 
 
 113593 
 80108 
 97557 
 68076 
 39290 
 77446 
 91042 
 49808 
 32057 
 42221 
 51110 
 37979 
 43807 
 77887 
 59748 
 50719 
 57480 
 30906 
 
 43799 
 60014 
 103556 
 35097 
 28496 
 32834 
 29466 
 19666 
 56-591 
 62003 
 53385 
 39866 
 39805 
 10006 
 65370 
 20384 
 10136 
 10556 
 
 63950 
 
 85150 
 
 85012 
 
 77686 
 
 89170 
 
 66338 
 
 90178 
 
 162337 
 
 1.33634 
 
 179383 
 
 141310 
 
 176383 
 
 121564 
 
 73669 
 
 140022 
 
 183085 
 
 96296 
 
 62110 
 
 50665 
 
 98642 
 
 68837 
 
 92652 
 
 136302 
 
 104559 
 
 96366 
 
 87829 
 
 51767 
 
 75.553 
 
 111026 
 
 192991 
 
 69141 
 
 57892 
 
 73876 
 
 58912 
 
 36874 
 
 94318 
 
 112349 
 
 105595 
 
 68342 
 
 70654 
 
 13341 
 
 108950 
 
 33430 
 
 15204 
 
 14075 
 
 26518 
 39082 
 41145 
 33741 
 40610 
 40111 
 39526 
 71445 
 61746 
 93429 
 60566 
 78574 
 57306 
 29390 
 52310 
 65107 
 36115 
 27416 
 33952 
 40415 
 28629 
 29111 
 59832 
 41326 
 33989 
 38215 
 21335 
 
 33232 
 55556 
 93048 
 27876 
 28247 
 32439 
 22158 
 13108 
 50264 
 51849 
 49261 
 28103 
 30689 
 9162 
 55404 
 12004 
 6596 
 5953 
 
 35518 
 5,3808 
 51370 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 38410 
 44240 
 42850 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 47145 
 78403 
 64882 
 93217 
 70307 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 102454 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 74712 
 33112 
 65358 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 79199 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 42759 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 31326 
 38876 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 51913 
 35625 
 
 Peel . ... 
 
 35095 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 76300 
 .52552 
 38844 
 
 Northumberland . . . 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Adding- 
 ton 
 
 42925 
 22069 
 
 34488 
 
 
 58183 
 
 Leeds and GrenviUe. 
 Dundas 
 
 100227 
 35629 
 
 
 35010 
 
 
 40407 
 
 
 25104 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 14968 
 57125 
 
 
 44512 
 
 
 47489 
 
 Victoria .... 
 
 31156 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 31833 
 8493 
 
 
 58009 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 11761 
 
 Algoma 
 
 6927 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 6046 
 
 Total 
 
 219178 
 
 206924 
 
 67711 
 
 49586 
 
 26124 
 
 19787 
 
 2359521 
 
 4127419 
 
 1825890 
 
 2090626 
 
 
 
26 
 
 ROOTS. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area under Potatoes, Mangold 
 Wurtzels, Carrots and Turnips in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883 ; also the 
 Acreage of Orchard and Garden in 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 Acres. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldiraand 
 
 WeUand 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York ;.. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville . . 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Frescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 1882. 
 
 3149 
 3801 
 3051 
 3724 
 1653 
 2358 
 3039 
 5843 
 5158 
 7613 
 7075 
 6382 
 3920 
 2196 
 4823 
 6561 
 3247 
 3118 
 2209 
 4159 
 1773 
 3036 
 8488 
 4322 
 3350 
 4749 
 2640 
 3461 
 4165 
 7941 
 2547 
 1969 
 2573 
 2295 
 1659 
 5831 
 3935 
 3682 
 3095 
 
 2474 
 3400 
 3165 
 3862 
 1531 
 2723 
 3150 
 5215 
 5042 
 7536 
 6535 
 6562 
 3660 
 2337 
 4225 
 .^804 
 3114 
 2724 
 1888 
 3602 
 1768 
 2628 
 8152 
 3964 
 3147 
 3797 
 2489 
 3682 
 5013 
 7560 
 2647 
 2352 
 2749 
 2505 
 1408 
 6217 
 3512 
 8485 
 2844 
 
 Mangold 
 
 WnKTZBLS. 
 Acres. 
 
 1883. 
 
 2477 
 
 2466 
 
 716 
 
 900 
 
 6603 
 
 6750 
 
 1272 
 
 1020 
 
 743 
 
 540 
 
 901 
 
 556 
 
 167302 
 
 160700 
 
 167 
 
 126 
 
 268 
 
 155 
 
 77 
 
 151 
 
 316 
 
 1435 
 
 554 
 
 470 
 
 909 
 
 1122 
 
 989 
 
 292 
 
 1288 
 
 •760 
 
 489 
 
 120 
 
 156 
 
 484 
 
 423 
 
 410 
 
 1510 
 
 819 
 
 479 
 
 437 
 
 124 
 
 214 
 
 97 
 
 222 
 
 103 
 
 24 
 
 67 
 
 24 
 
 66 
 
 565 
 
 140 
 
 175 
 
 476 
 
 266 
 
 5 
 
 178 
 
 41 
 
 19 
 
 36 
 
 17248 
 
 1882. 
 
 103 
 
 233 
 
 188 
 
 104 
 
 89 
 
 161 
 
 384 
 
 1145 
 
 491 
 
 396 
 
 535 
 
 930 
 
 856 
 
 205 
 
 1269 
 
 786 
 
 511 
 
 77 
 
 134 
 
 398 
 
 345 
 
 422 
 
 1770 
 
 1042 
 
 469 
 
 352 
 
 94 
 
 40 
 
 150 
 
 141 
 
 97 
 
 39 
 
 76 
 
 55 
 
 52 
 
 595 
 
 75 
 
 152 
 
 394 
 
 235 
 
 8 
 
 157 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 15791 
 
 C ABBOTS. 
 Acres. 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 55 
 
 102 
 
 116 
 
 124 
 
 65 
 
 64 
 
 156 
 
 590 
 
 410 
 
 772 
 
 769 
 
 505 
 
 404 
 
 212 
 
 423 
 
 383 
 
 390 
 
 200 
 
 92 
 
 248 
 
 117 
 
 342 
 
 898 
 
 607 
 
 583 
 
 275 
 
 61 
 
 40 
 
 131 
 
 168 
 
 41 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 
 95 
 
 557 
 
 143 
 
 146 
 
 266 
 
 371 
 
 23 
 
 114 
 
 85 
 
 34 
 
 58 
 
 11292 
 
 24 
 
 103 
 
 125 
 
 84 
 
 44 
 
 73 
 
 171 
 
 525 
 
 315 
 
 515 
 
 499 
 
 384 
 
 344 
 
 226 
 
 497 
 
 261 
 
 336 
 
 129 
 
 104 
 
 223 
 
 129 
 
 395 
 
 927 
 
 542 
 
 521 
 
 234 
 
 40 
 
 52 
 
 153 
 
 117 
 
 61 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 47 
 
 77 
 
 594 
 
 99 
 
 161 
 
 266 
 
 343 
 
 6 
 
 130 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 9956 
 
 Tdbnips. 
 Acres. 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 222 
 
 308 
 
 317 
 
 588 
 
 67 
 
 119 
 
 290 
 
 7483 
 
 5722 
 
 8955 
 
 3087 
 
 1751 
 
 5181 
 
 2084 
 
 5694 
 
 14213 
 
 5188 
 
 2438 
 
 154 
 
 1969 
 
 1479 
 
 1149 
 
 2847 
 
 10217 
 
 4552 
 
 2458 
 
 79 
 
 143 
 
 240 
 
 176 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 53 
 
 240 
 
 1308 
 
 535 
 
 416 
 
 3113 
 
 863 
 
 339 
 
 564 
 
 780 
 
 491 
 
 623 
 
 98558 
 
 Obohaed 
 
 AND 
 
 Gaedbn. 
 Acres. 
 
 200 
 
 253 
 
 358 
 
 558 
 
 63 
 
 183 
 
 341 
 
 5498 
 
 3915 
 
 7000 
 
 2213 
 
 1646 
 
 4417 
 
 1648 
 
 4225 
 
 11149 
 
 4822 
 
 1836 
 
 144 
 
 1612 
 
 1125 
 
 976 
 
 2461 
 
 8961 
 
 3746 
 
 1945 
 
 137 
 
 150 
 
 267 
 
 291 
 
 78 
 
 37 
 
 13 
 
 58 
 
 143 
 
 1235 
 
 218 
 
 265 
 
 2312 
 
 740 
 
 306 
 
 498 
 
 383 
 
 194 
 
 203 
 
 78823 
 
 1883. 
 
 6402 
 
 6995 
 
 7360 
 
 9157 
 
 5074 
 
 6369 
 
 6031 
 
 7849 
 
 5412 
 
 7347 
 
 4953 
 
 12194 
 
 8795 
 
 5733 
 
 5718 
 
 5252 
 
 5693 
 
 1786 
 
 7808 
 
 9529 
 
 4829 
 
 4301 
 
 9239 
 
 5492 
 
 4305 
 
 6757 
 
 5777 
 
 2864 
 
 2328 
 
 3777 
 
 1313 
 
 1216 
 
 704 
 
 149 
 
 114 
 
 467 
 
 747 
 
 1337 
 
 1683 
 
 2025 
 
 78 
 
 5551 
 
 238 
 
 48 
 
 50 
 
 200846 
 
27 
 
 FACTORY CHEESE. 
 
 TABLE No. VI. — Showing by Counties the Cheese produce of 262 Factories from the 
 opening of the season to the 31st July; also the total number of Factories in the 
 Province this year. 
 
 
 Faoiobies. 
 
 Milk Used. 
 
 Cheese 
 Made. 
 
 Value of 
 Cheese Sold. 
 
 Cheese on 
 
 COUNTY. 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 Hand. 
 
 Kent • 
 
 16 
 
 29 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 39 
 
 42 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 31 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 26 
 
 74 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 12 
 10 
 
 4 
 13 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 1550293 
 
 4354715 
 
 2397727 
 
 1319773 
 
 5173205 
 
 4997299 
 
 3405241 
 
 725874 
 
 493000 
 
 15346376 
 
 13525012 
 
 8047299 
 
 240.3717 
 
 901893 
 
 346424 
 
 511866 
 
 600895 
 
 3097835 
 
 2770132 
 
 1945477 
 
 2775359 
 
 91768.59 
 
 1024798 
 
 3497982 
 
 525387 
 
 692000 
 
 4-52500 
 
 2327744 
 
 208600 
 
 3570789 
 
 11175085 
 
 1504673 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 146383 
 
 420143 
 
 240721 
 
 129734 
 
 497608 
 
 467330 
 
 317372 
 
 70714 
 
 50000 
 
 1500191 
 
 1307211 
 
 778097 
 
 229881 
 
 91178 
 
 31952 
 
 49639 
 
 57297 
 
 298326 
 
 267772 
 
 186313 
 
 274508 
 
 913100 
 
 104393 
 
 349549 
 
 54176 
 
 69400 
 
 45200 
 
 233608 
 
 20172 
 
 353481 
 
 11.34683 
 
 143375 
 
 $ 
 
 12629 00 
 
 36013 00 
 
 17094 00 
 
 9726 00 
 
 32801 00 
 
 41423 00 
 
 30(107 00 
 
 3905 00 
 
 2200 00 
 
 126644 00 
 
 125912 00 
 
 72639 00 
 
 11703 00 
 
 6842 00 
 
 3171 00 
 
 4949 00 
 
 2828 00 
 
 21015 00 
 
 23203 00 
 
 21179 00 
 
 24261 00 
 
 78403 00 
 
 8309 00 
 
 19177 00 
 
 3917 00 
 
 2477 00 
 
 3105 00 
 
 16593 00 
 
 524 00 
 
 28215 00 
 
 101181 00 
 
 11263 00 
 
 Lbs. 
 44900 
 
 Elgin 
 
 126406 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 89367 
 
 
 33556 
 
 
 191250 
 
 Huron 
 
 79737 
 
 Sruce - 
 
 59069 
 
 Grey 
 
 24400 
 
 
 29100 
 
 
 370593 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Perth 
 
 184980 
 126263 
 
 Wellington 
 
 140540 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 24150 
 
 
 4440 
 
 Peel 
 
 
 
 29603 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 93018 
 54708 
 12350 
 
 Frontenac ■ • . 
 
 26148 
 
 
 118656 
 
 
 42590 
 
 Stormont . . 
 
 31260 
 
 Prescott 
 
 17600 
 
 
 38350 
 
 Penfrew 
 
 14550 
 
 Lanark 
 
 67190 
 15078 
 
 Peterborough . . .... 
 
 83984 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Other Counties 
 
 161574 
 66725 
 
 Total 
 
 628 
 
 262 
 
 110845829 
 
 10833507 
 
 903310 00 
 
 2402135 
 
28 
 
 MAEKET PRICES. 
 
 TABLE No. VII. — Showing the Average prices of Agricultural and Animal Products at 
 the leading Markets of Ontario for May, June and July of 1882 and 1883 respec- 
 tively, together with the Live Stock Markets of Toronto and Montreal ; also, the 
 monthly averages for the whole Province. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 ToKONTO Pboduoe Maeket. 
 
 Flour, Sup. Extra per bbl. . 
 
 " Extra " 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush, 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Peas " 
 
 Eye " 
 
 Potatoes per bag. 
 
 Apples per bbl. 
 
 Hogs per cwt. 
 
 Butter , per lb. . 
 
 Eggs per doz. 
 
 Wool, coarse per lb. . 
 
 " fine " 
 
 Toronto Steeet Market. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush, 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Eye " 
 
 Potatoes per bag . . 
 
 Apples per bbl. . 
 
 Hay per ton.. 
 
 Hogs per cwt. . 
 
 Butter, roll per lb. .. 
 
 " dairy " 
 
 Wool " 
 
 Beef, hind-quarters per cwt. . 
 
 * * fore-quarters " 
 
 Mutton " 
 
 Lamb " 
 
 Veal " 
 
 London. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Gdelph. 
 
 FaU Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Peas " 
 
 BEANTPOEn. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Peas " 
 
 Mat. 
 
 I 
 
 1883. 
 
 I c. 
 
 4 72 
 4 61 
 
 06 
 08 
 63 
 46 
 80 
 67 
 65 
 3 58 
 9 38 
 17 
 15 
 19 
 29 
 
 1 04 
 
 1 09 
 61 
 49 
 78 
 63 
 78 
 
 2 86 
 15 35 
 
 9 25 
 22 
 21 
 19 
 
 8 50 
 6 50 
 
 9 50 
 11 09 
 
 9 50 
 
 1 06 
 
 60 
 
 44 
 
 77 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 01 
 
 50 
 
 45 
 
 74 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 01 
 
 59 
 
 43 
 
 71 
 
 1882. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 5 93 
 
 5 82 
 
 1 32 
 
 1 35 
 
 89 
 
 47 
 
 86 
 
 79 
 
 1 28 
 
 4 42 
 
 9 75 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 1 29 
 
 1 34 
 
 87 
 
 50 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 1 43 
 
 4 00 
 
 13 21 
 
 9 69 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 9 13 
 
 7 30 
 
 10 35 
 
 13 88 
 
 7 84 
 
 1 29 
 
 1 29 
 
 74 
 
 44 
 
 83 
 
 1 30 
 1 31 
 
 78 
 46 
 
 74 
 
 1 31 
 1 34 
 
 75 
 42 
 
 77 
 
 Junk. 
 
 1883. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 4 67 
 
 4 56 
 
 1 07 
 
 1 08 
 
 55 
 
 45 
 
 80 
 
 67 
 
 59 
 
 9 13 
 15 
 16 
 19 
 29 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 08 
 
 56 
 
 48 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 2 50 
 
 13 66 
 
 9 02 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 1 08 
 
 -54' 
 
 44 
 
 74 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 07 
 
 48 
 
 43 
 
 70 
 
 1 02 
 
 1 02 
 
 53 
 
 43 
 
 68 
 
 1882. 
 
 5 86 
 
 5 73 
 
 1 28 
 
 1 34 
 
 85 
 
 48 
 
 86 
 
 78 
 
 1 46 
 
 5 25 
 
 9 82 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 1 25 
 
 1 30 
 
 69 
 
 49 
 
 84 
 
 77 
 
 1 74 
 
 4 00 
 
 13 94 
 9 85 
 
 19 
 16 
 20 
 
 11 44 
 9 34 
 
 11 23 
 
 14 57 
 9 46 
 
 1 30 
 
 1 24 
 
 74 
 
 46 
 
 90 
 
 1 30 
 1 32 
 
 73 
 47 
 
 July. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 « <s. 
 
 4 69 
 
 5 82 
 
 4 58 
 
 5 72 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 24 
 
 1 07 
 
 1 30 
 
 46 
 42 
 
 
 49 
 
 80 
 
 87 
 
 61 
 75 
 
 
 1 54 
 
 
 5 63 
 
 8 43 
 
 10 06 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 28 
 
 
 1 04 
 
 121 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 29 
 
 55 
 
 64 
 
 46 
 
 51 
 
 77 
 
 82 
 
 
 71 
 
 84 
 
 1 70 
 
 12 71 
 
 8 73 
 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 1 00 
 
 51 
 44 
 71 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 03 
 
 48 
 
 42 
 
 70 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 05 
 
 53 
 
 42 
 
29 
 
 MARKET YBIG^B— Continued. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 
 Mat. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 St. Thomas. 
 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 $ „. 
 
 $ .:. 
 
 $ i;. 
 
 $ u. 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oata 
 
 Peas 
 
 . . per bush. 
 It 
 
 ti 
 
 It 
 
 1 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 03 
 
 60 
 
 44 
 
 68 
 
 1 33 
 1 43 
 
 78 
 
 42 
 
 1 08 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 00 
 
 69 
 
 40 
 
 75 
 
 127 
 
 1 31 
 
 78 
 
 46 
 
 1 07 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 00 
 
 69 
 
 40 
 
 75 
 
 126 
 1 30 
 
 47 
 
 LlNDSAT. 
 
 
 FaUTyh^at 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats , 
 
 . . per bush. 
 tt 
 
 98 
 98 
 51 
 49 
 
 78 
 
 1 27 
 
 1 30 
 
 80 
 
 47 
 
 79 
 
 97 
 97 
 50 
 42 
 76 
 
 1 21 
 
 1 24 
 
 62 
 
 46 
 
 77 
 
 92 
 92 
 50 
 39 
 64 
 
 1 19 
 
 1 27 
 
 63 
 
 49 
 
 Peas " 1 
 
 77 
 
 Belleville. 
 
 
 
 Barley 
 
 Peas : 
 
 ..per bush. 
 
 58 
 72 
 
 76 
 82 
 
 
 70 
 82 
 
 56 
 73 
 
 70 
 
 
 82 
 
 Kingston. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barley 
 
 Peas 
 
 ..per bush. 
 tt 
 
 64 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 82 
 
 
 79 
 80 
 
 55 
 73 
 
 71 
 
 
 80 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 
 
 
 . . per bush. 
 
 80 
 79 
 
 . 72 
 72 
 
 
 
 53 
 85 
 
 72 
 
 Peas . 
 
 
 76 
 
 73 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 
 
 Beans 
 
 . . per bush. 
 
 1 30 
 50 
 
 2 50 
 66 
 
 1 38 
 52 
 
 2 54 
 81 
 
 1 16 
 51 
 
 2 75 
 
 Com 
 
 ..pc ^^ 
 
 76 
 
 ElDGETOWN. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beans 
 
 Corn 
 
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 .. " 
 
 I 
 
 1 40 
 55 
 
 2 63 
 80 
 
 1 33 
 
 50 
 
 2 62 
 80 
 
 1 13 
 52 
 
 2 63 
 
 80 
 
 Average Pkices foe the Peovince. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 . . per bush. 
 
 1 02 
 1 03 
 58 
 45 
 76 
 64 
 52 
 1 35 
 
 1 30 
 
 1 33 
 79 
 45 
 83 
 82 
 68 
 
 2 53 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 04 
 
 54 
 
 44 
 
 72 
 
 1 28 
 
 1 29 
 72 
 47 
 82 
 78 
 80 
 
 2 58 
 
 1 03 
 1 03 
 54 
 43 
 71 
 53 
 51 
 1 15 
 
 123 
 
 1 28 
 
 Barley " 
 
 72 
 48 
 
 Peas 
 
 Com 
 
 tt 
 
 It 
 
 tt 
 
 79 
 71 
 
 51 
 1 35 
 
 78 
 2 69 
 
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 Sheep 
 
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 . . each 
 
 . .per cwt. . 
 ..each .... 
 
 1 5 48 
 8 50 
 
 6 71 
 
 5 06 
 
 7 68 
 
 1 5 75 
 
 6 35 
 6 80 
 4 00 
 
 8 13 
 
 4 50 
 •7 58 
 
 5 91 
 7 13 
 
 7 04 
 
 5 79 
 
 6 03 
 
 8 25 
 4 44 
 
 7 76 
 
 5 84 
 11 79 
 
 5 79 
 4 07 
 7 00 
 
 6 06 
 
 4 97 
 10 80 
 
 5 37 
 
 6 44 
 
 7 00 
 
 6 65 
 
 8 50 
 8 00 
 4 25 
 
 7 94 
 
 5 84 
 
 1167 
 
 5 63 
 
 4 30 
 
 4 13 
 11 75 
 
 5 06 
 
 Lambs 
 
 Hnffs 
 
 3 13 
 
 7 25 
 
 Montreal. 
 Cattle 
 
 ..per cwt. . 
 
 . . each 
 
 ..per cwt. . 
 
 . each 
 
 ..per cwt.. 
 
 5 25 
 7 88 
 
 5 16 
 
 Calves 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Lambs 
 
 Hotts 
 
 7,25 
 6 75 
 
 9 00 
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 8 00 
 
 3 34 
 6 91 
 
 3 58 
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36 
 
 AREA AND POPULATION. 
 
 TABLE No. X. — Showing by Counties and Cities the Area and Population of the 
 Province as returned by Municipal Assessors for 1882 and 1883, classified as Rural 
 and Urban. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 AREA OF THE ASSESSED LAND. 
 
 KUBAL. 
 
 o 
 
 IS § 
 
 ^m 
 
 Ueban. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 ToTAt. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 BVBAL. 
 
 Ubban. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk . . . . 
 
 Huron , 
 Bruce . , 
 
 Perth. 
 
 (1883 
 • 1 1882 
 
 ^»"* ••• il882 
 
 fl883 
 11882 
 
 ;i883 
 1 1882 
 
 Haldimand | J||| 
 
 WeUand { J8| 
 
 Lambton . . . 
 
 (1883 
 •■•■11882 
 
 (1883 
 • • ■ • t 1882 
 
 (1883 
 • • • • 1 1882 
 
 <*"y il882 
 
 Q. ( 1883 
 
 S™<=°e tl882 
 
 Middlesex |J|^| 
 
 Oxford {ill 
 
 •R,,^f i 1883 
 
 ^^^^ \ 1882 
 
 (1883 
 ■ 1 1882 
 
 Wellington |J^|| 
 
 Waterloo \\lll 
 
 Dufferin {^^ 
 
 I''"<'°1" 1 1882 
 
 420534 
 408952 
 
 553278 
 539179 
 
 434254 
 422511 
 
 376716 
 371610 
 
 281236 
 280613 
 
 226580 
 220403 
 
 638183 
 568942 
 
 793483 
 780187 
 
 835248 
 731007 
 
 1050706 
 
 932104 
 835385 
 
 758319 
 747047 
 
 470543 
 466252 
 
 215990 
 213952 
 
 518668 
 491840 
 
 665514 
 639845 
 
 305930 
 303305 
 
 317012 
 307758 
 
 188940 
 188732 
 
 168234 
 155037 
 
 260904 
 235536 
 
 246799 
 245938 
 
 217069 
 209844 
 
 187776 
 185147 
 
 153064 
 150283 
 
 222329 
 214961 
 
 505525 
 461183 
 
 403803 
 361679 
 
 520988 
 514448 
 
 428064 
 418000 
 
 475011 
 474310 
 
 327843 
 324422 
 
 164636 
 163682 
 
 339869 
 318164 
 
 419107 
 393225 
 
 228303 
 221378 
 
 151209 
 154010 
 
 144333 
 137792 
 
 234859 
 233986 
 173943 
 149133 
 
 75528 
 
 59835 
 
 389859 
 
 199046 
 
 358784 
 
 390682 
 
 433375 
 
 263081 
 
 116497 
 
 33398 
 
 133777 
 
 166811 
 
 69530 
 
 96101 
 
 38383 
 
 17441 
 
 58388 
 
 13512 
 
 10514 
 
 17932 
 13681 
 
 25995 
 88912 
 
 72661 
 139036 
 
 70665 
 20227 
 
 26203 
 17956 
 45022 
 79596 
 
 18097 
 69702 
 
 6224 
 
 5724 
 5737 
 
 6564 
 6836 
 
 1682 
 1722 
 
 2404 
 3071 
 
 3968 
 4095 
 
 9949 
 9571 
 
 6942 
 6953 
 
 9651 
 9624 
 
 8625 
 8225 
 
 11716 
 11570 
 
 6255 
 6374 
 
 6829 
 6632 
 
 685 
 685 
 
 10114 
 9727 
 
 7456 
 7431 
 
 8936 
 8792 
 
 2300 
 2300 
 
 2753 
 2548 
 
 426258 
 414689 
 
 559842 
 546015 
 
 437036 
 425204 
 
 378398 
 373332 
 
 283640 
 283684 
 
 230548 
 224498 
 
 648132 
 578513 
 
 800425 
 787140 
 
 844899 
 740631 
 
 1059331 
 991921 
 
 943820 
 846955 
 
 764574 
 753421 
 
 477372 
 472884 
 
 216675 
 214637 
 
 5287«2 
 501567 
 
 672970 
 647276 
 
 314866 
 312097 
 
 319312 
 310058 
 
 191693 
 191280 
 
 308,57 
 29797 
 
 31189 
 32287 
 
 26253 
 25879 
 
 23624 
 25055 
 
 17827 
 18089 
 
 17110 
 17572 
 
 29779 
 30482 
 
 49462 
 49597 
 
 40887 
 40931 
 
 S4122 
 54834 
 
 48038 
 45376 
 
 52200 
 52993 
 
 30563 
 30715 
 
 16197 
 16091 
 
 30968 
 30570 
 
 37369 
 37771 
 
 25654 
 25422 
 
 13929 
 14662 
 
 14207 
 14443 
 
 13147 
 12983 
 
 15249 
 14978 
 
 3066 
 3213 
 
 5302 
 5186 
 
 3279 
 3342 
 
 8763 
 
 15845 
 15110 
 
 15772 
 16148 
 
 13709 
 13920 
 
 7294 
 7497 
 
 18402 
 17716 
 
 15471 
 14312 
 
 14092 
 13180 
 
 3533 
 3070 
 
 17463 
 17607 
 
 11929 
 12189 
 
 15656 
 14681 
 
 3996 
 3121 
 
 5697 
 5445 
 
37 
 
 AREA AND POPULATION. 
 
 TABLE No. X. — Showing by Counties and Cities the Area and Population of the 
 Province, etc. — Continued. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 AREA OF THE ASSESSED LAND. 
 
 Rdbal. 
 
 o 
 
 ^3 
 
 T3 
 
 « 9 
 
 Sis 
 
 
 Ubban. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 B0BAL. 
 
 Ubban. 
 
 Total. 
 
 (1883 
 Wentworth U882 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 (1883 
 ■ \ 1882 
 
 (1883 
 • 1 1882 
 
 York* 11882 
 
 Ontario ^ ^882 
 
 _, , (1883 
 
 Unrliam \1?,?,2 
 
 Northnmberland. . ■! -1^882 
 
 Prince Edward . . . ■! -^882 
 
 Lennox* Adding- (1883 
 ton (1882 
 
 Prontenac . 
 
 (1883 
 X 1882 
 
 Leeda & Grenville. ■! j^g82 
 
 Dundas . 
 
 [1883 
 11882 
 
 Stonnont ^ 1882 
 
 „, ( 1883i 
 
 Glengarry | ^ggg 
 
 Presoott 1 1882 
 
 (1883 
 ■ 1 1882 
 
 Carleton 
 
 (1883 
 ' 1 1882 
 
 Renfrew | ^ggg 
 
 Lanark 
 
 (1883 
 1 1882 
 
 273458 
 268593 
 
 223209 
 218661 
 
 288349 
 288329 
 
 538758 
 528061 
 
 497056 
 472070 
 
 369342 
 362318 
 
 431143 
 430062 
 
 230746 
 229504 
 
 392858 
 400186 
 
 650968 
 558730 
 
 741350 
 748790 
 
 235443 
 223402 
 
 249437 
 247393 
 
 293343 
 286929 
 
 ' 272076 
 238386 
 
 249414 
 193811 
 
 558460 
 545900 
 
 807954 
 746857 
 
 635861 
 623061 
 
 204191 
 199369 
 
 164196 
 164055 
 
 2224.32 
 215903 
 
 397129 
 392143 
 
 322906 
 321131 
 
 266755 
 269142 
 
 297438 
 287989 
 
 173937 
 162135 
 
 192693 
 197078 
 
 199193 
 196364 
 
 388425 
 383909 
 
 128055 
 113570 
 
 105967 
 107424 
 
 129049 
 133892 
 
 112959 
 102892 
 
 76345 
 51726 
 
 247125 
 248717 
 
 233117 
 203731 
 
 268527 
 249310 
 
 50450 
 
 43066 
 
 55278 
 
 97058 
 
 110713 
 
 73148 
 
 105229 
 
 48256 
 
 155960 
 
 335784 
 
 265607 
 
 72820 
 
 131014 
 
 128024 
 
 119095 
 167112 
 212506 
 
 472011 
 245889 
 
 18817 
 
 15947 
 
 10639 
 44571 
 63437 
 
 29439 
 
 28476 
 8553 
 
 44205 
 
 115991 
 
 87318 
 34568 
 12456 
 36270 
 40022 
 
 5957 
 
 102826 
 
 121445 
 
 890 
 950 
 
 3708 
 3704; 
 
 2515 
 
 6705 
 7337 
 
 7746 
 7638 
 
 6594 
 6446 
 
 7362 
 7329 
 
 2012 
 2014 
 
 6503 
 6380 
 
 575 
 564 
 
 5246 
 
 5482 
 
 1900 
 2000 
 
 670 
 653 
 
 274348 
 269543 
 
 226917 
 222365 
 
 290864 
 290918 
 
 545463 
 535398 
 
 504802 
 479708 
 
 375936 
 368764 
 
 438505 
 437391 
 
 232758 
 231518 
 
 399361 
 406566 
 
 651543 
 559294 
 
 746596 
 754272 
 
 237343 
 225402 
 
 250107 
 248046 
 
 293343 
 
 1544 
 1505 
 
 9419 281495 
 9419 247805 
 
 249414 
 193811 
 
 560004 
 547405 
 
 3662 811516 
 3790 750647 
 
 5778 
 5420 
 
 641639 
 628481 
 
 24489 
 24114 
 
 14163 
 14361 
 
 17524 
 17922 
 
 44935 
 44858 
 
 32973 
 33576 
 
 21846 
 22615 
 
 25960 
 27711 
 
 15189 
 14745 
 
 17960 
 18264 
 
 20906 
 20788 
 
 37685 
 38083 
 
 15477 
 14878 
 
 15489 
 14925 
 
 18807 
 18540 
 
 17265 
 16388 
 
 12671 
 11365 
 
 27435 
 29921 
 
 26661 
 26966 
 
 20946 
 20413 
 
 4876 
 4771 
 
 6219 
 6165 
 
 4384 
 4424 
 
 11243 
 15722 
 
 11833 
 11617 
 
 11017 
 11107 
 
 10263 
 10038 
 
 I 
 
 3236 
 
 4970 
 
 4757 
 
 1567 
 1559 
 
 15995 
 16057 
 
 2650 
 2672 
 
 4932 
 4316 
 
 2263 
 2145 
 
 1496 
 1252 
 
 7015 
 6414 
 
 112561 
 9969| 
 
 32202 
 30382 
 
 ♦The village of Yorkville was 
 annexed to Toronto. 
 
 in 1882 included in the returns for York county. It has since been 
 
38 
 
 AREA AND POPULATION. 
 
 TABLE No. X. — Showing by Counties and Cities the Area and Population of the 
 Province, etc. — Contin/ued. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Victoria . 
 
 Peterborough . 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings . 
 
 (1883 
 
 • 1 1882 
 
 (1883 
 ■ 1 1882 
 
 (1883 
 1 1882 
 
 (1883 
 
 • 1 1882 
 
 AREA OF THE ASSESSED LAND. 
 
 EUBAL. 
 
 Muskoka ', < -. sg2 
 
 Parry Sound {mil 
 
 ., (1883 
 
 -^lgo™a i 1882 
 
 CITIES. 
 BeUeville { J|| 
 
 Brantford jj^ 
 
 Guelph ..{fil 
 
 Hamilton . . . 
 Kingston ,. 
 
 (1883 
 
 • 1 1882 
 
 (1883 
 
 • 1 1882 
 
 T J S 1883 
 
 Ijoidon ■< ]^gg2 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 (1883 
 • 1 1882 
 
 St. Catharines ....-! ^gg2 
 
 St. Thomas | 
 
 Toronto 
 
 1883 
 1882 
 
 (1883 
 tl882 
 
 Totals. 
 
 (1883 
 ■•11882 
 
 S62262 
 512110 
 
 520311 
 443971 
 
 527920 
 502389 
 
 802511 
 797112 
 
 486177 
 372150 
 
 201306 
 198395 
 
 289167 
 242099 
 
 21312117 
 20180485 
 
 10 -a 
 
 to V 
 
 -a 
 
 sj wt £: TO 
 
 226760 
 215477 
 
 203266 
 189628 
 
 23627 
 25266 
 
 352958 
 327537 
 
 3912() 
 32458 
 
 22722 
 22303 
 
 23930 
 20524 
 
 240524 
 
 251781 
 155476 
 
 405265 
 384788 
 
 155053 
 248537 
 
 94978 
 
 65264 
 
 17849 
 
 Ueban. Total. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 3004 
 3084 
 
 3134 
 3181 
 
 44288 
 
 62269 
 23531 
 
 3310 
 3482 
 
 1141 
 982 
 
 10587688 
 10172712 
 
 16700 
 
 8337052 2056409 
 
 1495 
 1600 
 
 1781 
 1781 
 
 3210 
 3210 
 
 2400 
 2400 
 
 1688 
 1688 
 
 1252 
 1252 
 
 182S 
 1829 
 
 2400 
 2400 
 
 1450 
 1450 
 
 5632 
 4867 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 BuBAIi. 
 
 565266 
 515194 
 
 523445 
 447152 
 
 527920 
 502389 
 
 805821 
 800594 
 
 487318 
 373132 
 
 201306 
 19839S 
 
 289167 
 
 221790 
 221012 
 
 3210 
 3210 
 
 2400 
 2400 
 
 1688 
 1688 
 
 1252 
 1252 
 
 1829 
 1829 
 
 2400 
 2400 
 
 1450 
 14.50 
 
 5632 
 4867 
 
 21533907 
 20401497 
 
 22341 
 22353 
 
 18252 
 18145 
 
 5087 
 5436 
 
 29624 
 32065 
 
 9217 
 9250 
 
 4259 
 4269 
 
 6797 
 6036 
 
 1495 
 
 1600 
 
 1781 
 1781 
 
 Ubban. 
 
 7773 
 7533 
 
 10892 
 10043 
 
 7046 
 6518 
 
 2333 
 2213 
 
 .*. 
 
 9478 
 10021 
 
 10976 
 10865 
 
 9854 
 •9854 
 
 38196 
 36946 
 
 14611 
 14611 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 1114193 
 1120553 
 
 20411 
 
 25583 
 25558 
 
 9576 
 9576 
 
 10163 
 9644 
 
 91796 
 81372 
 
 592652 
 573997 
 
 30114 
 
 29144 
 28188 
 
 5087 
 5436 
 
 36670 
 38583 
 
 11550 
 11463 
 
 4259 
 4269 
 
 6797 
 6036 
 
 9478 
 10021 
 
 10976 
 10865 
 
 9854 
 
 38196 
 36946 
 
 14611 
 14611 
 
 20305. 
 20411 
 
 25683 
 25558 
 
 9576 
 9576 
 
 10163 
 9644 
 
 91796 
 81372 
 
 1706845 
 1694650 
 
39 
 
 AREA AND ' POPULATION. 
 
 TABLE No. XI.— Showing the Area of Farm Lands in the Province, and the Total 
 Population by sexes, from 1824 to 1881. 
 
 
 Population. 
 
 1 
 
 Faem Lands. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Femalea. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Percent- 
 age of 
 Females 
 
 Total 
 Acres occu- 
 pied. 
 
 Acres 
 under culti- 
 vation. 
 
 Percent- 
 age 
 under 
 cult'ion. 
 
 1824 
 
 79517 
 83774 
 88120 
 . 93347 
 98444 
 104191 
 111466 
 124281 
 139056 
 156844 
 169806 
 181930 
 197488 
 207299 
 207837 
 212520 
 221404 
 236815 
 259914 
 387631 
 498131 
 724459 
 827277 
 975022 
 
 70749 
 
 73992 
 
 78259 
 
 83827 
 
 88044 
 
 93624 
 
 100044 
 
 112421 
 
 124498 
 
 139019 
 
 151339 
 
 163288 
 
 176611 
 
 190190 
 
 191585 
 
 196528 
 
 204372 
 
 218873 
 
 227139 
 
 338248 
 
 452052 
 
 669488 
 
 790968 
 
 945315 
 
 150066 
 157766 
 166379 
 177174 
 186488 
 197815 
 211510 
 236702 
 263554 
 295863 
 321145 
 345218 
 374099 
 397489 
 399422 
 409048 
 425776 
 455688 
 487053 
 725879 
 950183 
 1393947 
 1618245 
 1920337 
 
 47-1 
 46-9 
 47-0 
 47-3 
 47-2 
 47-3 
 47-3 
 47-5 
 47-2 ■ 
 47-0 
 47-1 
 47-3 
 47-2 
 47-8 
 480 
 .48-0 
 48-0 
 480 
 46-6 
 46-6 
 47-6 
 '48 
 48-9 
 49-2 
 
 '"'3218542" 
 3353653 
 3579554 
 3632540 
 3726330 
 4030369 
 4387777 
 4716372 
 5154211 
 5127064 
 5687583 
 6089694 
 6280611 
 6769050 
 6670083 
 6900062 
 6868504 
 6212726 
 8413591 
 9803191 
 13321754 
 15871915 
 18875065 
 
 
 
 1825 
 
 .575787 
 
 599744 
 
 645792 
 
 668326 
 
 717553 
 
 771625 
 
 818416 
 
 916357 
 
 988956 
 
 1004779 
 
 1174373 
 
 1283709 
 
 1440505 
 
 1469737 
 
 1556677 
 
 1649646 
 
 1811431 
 
 1751528 
 
 2546925 
 
 3697437 
 
 6043183 
 
 8707800 
 
 11030596 
 
 17-9 
 17-9 
 18"0 
 
 1826 
 
 1827 
 
 1828 
 
 1829 
 
 18-4 
 19-2 
 
 1830 
 
 19-1 
 
 1831 
 
 18-6 
 
 1832 
 
 19"4 
 
 1833 
 
 19'2 
 
 1834 
 
 19-6 
 
 1835 
 
 20'6 
 
 1836 
 
 1837 
 
 21-1 
 22-9 
 
 1838 
 
 21-7 
 
 1839 
 
 23-3 
 
 1840 
 
 23-9 
 
 1841 
 
 264 
 
 1842 
 
 282 
 
 1848 
 
 1851 
 
 30-3 
 377 
 
 1861 . 
 
 45'4 
 
 1871 
 
 1881 
 
 54-4 
 58.9 
 
 Note. — The figures for the nineteen years 1824^42 are compiled from the Municipal Returns, and those 
 for the five years 1841-81 from the Government Censuses. 
 
 TABLE No. Xll.^-Showing by Municipal Returns the Area and Population of the 
 Province for the twelve years 1872-1883. 
 
 
 Population. 
 
 ACBEAQE. 
 
 YEAK. 
 
 Rural. 
 
 Urban. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Rural. 
 
 Urban. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 1872 
 
 1041053 
 1041897 
 1061830 
 1073491 
 1088576 
 1109804 
 1112573 
 1128997 
 1131560 
 1131764 
 1120553 
 1114193 
 
 371104 
 407422 
 441030 
 472010 
 492071 
 511491 
 529131 
 543395 
 654115 
 559306 
 573997 
 592652 
 
 1412157 
 1449319 
 1507860 
 1545501 
 1580647 
 1621295 
 1641704 
 1672392 
 1685675 
 1691070 
 1694550 
 1706845 
 
 19434249 
 
 19607822 
 
 19761777 
 
 19979663 
 
 20097733 
 
 *19617155 
 
 20363345 
 
 20530451 
 
 20708853 
 
 , 20768376 
 
 ' 20180485 
 
 21312117 
 
 162726 
 168837 
 173738 
 183376 
 192934 
 194538 
 202276" 
 204059 
 208890 
 211424 
 221012 
 221790 
 
 19596525 
 
 1873 
 
 19776659 
 
 1874 
 
 19935515 
 
 1875 
 
 20163039 
 
 1876 
 
 20290667 
 
 1877 ^ .. 
 
 n9811693 
 
 1878 
 
 20565621 
 
 1879 
 
 20734510 
 
 1880 , ■ ■■•■ 
 
 20917743 
 
 1881 
 
 20979800 
 
 1882 
 
 20401497 
 
 1883 .«• 
 
 21533907 
 
 
 
 * Exclusive of Haliburton. 
 
40 
 
 THE WEATHEE. 
 
 TABLE No. XIII. — Monthly temperatures for May, June and July, 1883, as recorded 
 at some of the principal stations in Ontario, showing for each month the mean 
 highest, the mean lowest, and the mean monthly temperature. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■a 
 
 
 
 
 Month. 
 
 Tbhpebatubb. 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 f 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Ph 
 
 .2 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 ft! 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 May •j 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 58.0 
 41.2 
 51.2 
 
 62.8 
 40.2 
 51.5 
 
 64.0 
 41.7 
 52.9 
 
 59.8 
 39.4 
 49.6 
 
 62.7 
 38.7 
 51.4 
 
 58.3 
 40.2 
 49.3 
 
 61.8 
 39.6 
 50.7 
 
 57.6 
 38.4 
 43.0 
 
 61.8 
 42.5 
 51.6 
 
 62.2 
 39.2 
 49.7 
 
 June < 
 
 Mean highest. . . 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 72.2 
 54.6 
 63.4 
 
 75.2 
 53.2 
 64.2 
 
 73.0 
 55.3 
 64.2 
 
 73.0 
 53.4 
 63.5 
 
 73.8 
 51.4 
 64.6 
 
 71.2 
 52.6 
 62.1 
 
 77.4 
 54.9 
 66.1 
 
 71.6 
 53.2 
 62.4 
 
 74.5 
 55.6 
 66.1 
 
 78.4 
 54.3 
 64.9 
 
 July.... 1 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 74.0 
 57.6 
 66.5 
 
 77.4 
 56.6 
 67.0 
 
 80.7 
 54.5 
 67.6 
 
 75.6 
 55.3 
 65.6 
 
 80.0 
 57.2 
 68.9 
 
 74.7 
 55.9 
 65.7 
 
 81.0 
 55.3 
 68.1 
 
 76.0 
 54.4 
 65.2 
 
 76.9 
 56.1 
 66.8 
 
 77.4 
 55.2 
 66.6 
 
 TABLE No. XIV. — Monthly Summary of Sunshine in Ontario during May, June and 
 July, 1883, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon for each 
 month, the hours of registered sunshine, and the totals for the three months. 
 
 
 1 
 
 ' Stations. 
 
 
 
 ji 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Months. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 -§ 
 ^ 
 
 
 l 
 
 ■1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 H 
 
 4^ 
 
 >A 
 
 M 
 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 f2! 
 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs, 
 
 Hrs. 
 
 Hrs, 
 
 
 w 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 ofS.S. 
 
 OfS.S. 
 
 May 
 
 461.1 
 
 198.2 
 
 172.7 
 
 1 
 184.7 184.0 
 
 191.1 
 
 200.6 
 
 168.2 
 
 218.8 
 
 210.1 
 
 151.9 
 
 June 
 
 465.7 
 
 211.0 
 
 207.7 
 
 226.5' 241.5 
 
 219.4 
 
 253.2 
 
 205.5 
 
 244 7 
 
 230 9 
 
 
 July 
 
 470.9 
 
 279.0 
 
 227.2 
 
 249.5 
 
 275.1 
 
 241.5 
 
 275.5 
 
 238.2 
 
 263.4 
 
 274.1 
 
 265.8 
 
 Total 
 
 1397.7 
 
 688.2 
 
 607.6 
 
 660 7 
 
 700.6 
 
 652.0 
 
 729.3 
 
 611.9 
 
 726.9 
 
 715.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE No. XV.— Monthly Summary of the average fall of Rain and Snow in the 
 several districts of Ontario for May, June and July, 1883. 
 
 
 W. and S. W. 
 
 N. W. and N. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 E. and N. E. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Inches 
 of Eain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Kain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Eain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Eain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 
 4.96 
 4.96 
 5.71 
 
 S 
 
 3.78 
 5.67 
 4.02 
 
 
 
 
 4.87 
 4.44 
 3.3t 
 
 
 
 4!86 W'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 3.78 
 
 
 July 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 15.63 
 
 
 13.47 
 
 
 13.46 
 
 
 12.70 
 
 
41 
 
 THE WEATHEE. 
 
 TABLE No. XVI. — Summary of the Fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during May, 
 June and July, 1883, at the several Stations reporting for those months, and the 
 number of days on which Rain or Snow fell. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Stoney Point 
 
 Amherstburg 
 
 Cottam 
 
 Teoumseh 
 
 Maidstone 
 
 Lambton — 
 , Samia 
 
 Bimam 
 
 Korenoe 
 
 Watford 
 
 , . Thedford 
 
 Petrolia 
 
 Oil Springs 
 
 Wilsonville 
 
 Middlesex — 
 ■" Granton 
 
 Lucan 
 
 Ailsa Craig 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Grlencoe 
 
 Strathroy 
 
 London 
 
 Wilton Grove .... 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Elrin— 
 
 - Port Stanley 
 
 js St. Thomas 
 
 Cowal 
 
 Lyons 
 
 Huron — 
 
 Goderieh 
 
 Goderich L. House 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Oarlow 
 
 Egmondville 
 
 Sunshine . . . 
 
 Hensall 
 
 Perth— 
 . Stratford . . . 
 
 Listowel . . 
 
 Milverton . 
 Bruce— 
 
 Wiarton 
 
 Saugeen 
 
 Teeswater . . 
 Oxford- 
 Woodstock.. 
 
 IngeraoU 
 
 Otterville . . . 
 
 Princeton... 
 Nortolk- 
 
 Simcoe .... 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 4, 
 
 Obsebvbes. 
 
 A. Sinclair, M.A. 
 Stephen Aubry .. 
 
 John Bell 
 
 W. B. Wagstaff . 
 
 P. Delaney 
 
 J. P. Kane 
 
 Wm. Mowbray . . . 
 
 J. S. Mellor 
 
 D. H. Bedford ... 
 
 D. B.OSS 
 
 Martin Watson . . . 
 P. McG. Brown... 
 
 George Yates 
 
 J. L. Wilson 
 
 Mat. 
 
 Kain. 
 
 O 03 
 . >> 
 
 O e3 
 
 4.82 
 6.16 
 6.69 
 5.97 
 5.36 
 6.06 
 
 3.74 
 4.41 
 6.21 
 4.48 
 4.51 
 4.61 
 4.35 
 
 J. Grant 
 
 G. Gathcart 
 
 John Kennie 
 
 A. Jfranoia, M.D, . 
 
 6. Bousefield 
 
 T. S. Challoner ... 
 
 E.B.Keed 
 
 Henry Anderson . 
 William TJglow . . . , 
 
 M. Payne 
 
 S.Williams. . 
 S. MacooU . . 
 W. McCredie 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A. 
 G. N. Macdonald . . 
 
 G. Hess 
 
 John Varcoe 
 
 G. E. Oreswell . . . . 
 
 George Hood 
 
 Wm. Wilson 
 
 C.J.MoGregor,M.A 4.55 
 
 Alex. McKay 4.52 
 
 Angus Campbell 4 . 44 
 
 W. Woodman '3.41 
 
 K. Stewart 3.30 
 
 Robert Clark 3 . 53 
 
 4.54 
 3.51 
 4.29 
 5.56 
 6.31 
 3.74 
 5.79 
 5.92 
 5.15 
 
 5.64 
 5.44 
 6.06 
 5.68 
 
 3.55 
 3.70 
 4.76 
 3.39 
 4.57 
 3.46 
 
 S a 
 
 N. Wolverton, B. A. 
 
 J. W. Clarke 
 
 Thomas Wright . . . 
 David Beamer 
 
 Rev. G. Grant, B.A 
 
 H. Morgan 
 
 Prosper Winksell . . 
 
 4.13 
 4.98 
 5.11 
 4.59 
 
 4.75 
 5.47 
 4.19 
 
 Snow. 
 
 O CO 
 
 . >> 
 
 O c3 
 
 June. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 ■^ CD 
 
 ^ a 
 
 m. 
 4.30 
 4.40 
 5.47 
 3.22 
 4.10 
 4.52 
 
 5.23 
 6.20 
 3.68 
 5.15 
 4.80 
 4.96 
 4.69 
 
 o <d 
 
 l25fi 
 
 7.02 
 6.69 
 5.50 
 5.86 
 5.14 
 4.68 
 5.68 
 5.15 
 4.08 
 
 2.77 
 3.16 
 4.72 
 5.51 
 
 4.49 
 4.77 
 6.47 
 4.42 
 7.41 
 5.89 
 6.55 
 
 8.14 
 6.96 
 7.94 
 
 5.09 
 4.54 
 4.29 
 
 5.86 
 4.60 
 4.64 
 5.79 
 
 5.79 
 4.78 
 
 Snow. 
 
 O oi 
 
 July. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 5.30 
 5.75 
 7.63 
 4.32 
 5.70 
 4.79 
 
 4.55 
 5.79 
 3.41 
 7.18 
 6.49 
 4.76 
 4.57 
 4.43 
 
 7.57 
 9.93 
 9.57 
 7.44 
 6.35 
 6.06 
 8.72 
 10.82 
 11.12 
 
 6.10 
 6.69 
 6.36 
 8.45 
 
 6.93 
 5.38 
 4.90 
 6.89 
 5.38 
 5.71 
 3.64 
 
 4..'59 
 5.83 
 
 Snow. 
 
 ik 
 
 IziP qS IZiP 
 
 4.33 
 3.38 
 4.22 
 
 2.74 
 
 11.04 
 
 4.47 
 
 5.21 
 
 4.83 
 4.89 
 5,07 
 
 13 
 11 
 15 
 12 
 14 
 13 
 
 15 
 17 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 13 
 9 
 14 
 
 17 
 18 
 16 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 16 
 16 
 14 
 
 18 
 17 
 13 
 16 
 
 17 
 20 
 16 
 7 
 15 
 12 
 14 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 12 
 15 
 15 
 13 
 
 14 
 16 
 
42 
 
 THE WEATHEJl. 
 TABLE No. XVI. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow, etc. — Gontmued. 
 
 
 Obseevebs. 
 
 Mat. 
 
 JnNE. 
 
 July. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Kain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 Pt3 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 |25P 
 
 II 
 
 6 5" 
 ^0 
 
 mi 
 
 9^ 
 
 IZiP 
 
 
 
 Wellington— 
 
 J. LaPenotiere.... 
 
 A. D. Terrier 
 
 A. Shuttleworth.... 
 N Gordon 
 
 in. 
 5.14 
 5.40 
 2.88 
 4.68 
 4.68 
 
 2.98 
 4.95 
 4.23 
 3.39 
 3.68 
 
 5.43 
 5.58 
 5.62 
 5.21 
 
 5.78 
 
 18 
 21 
 9 
 14 
 13 
 
 10 
 16 
 14 
 15 
 13 
 
 17 
 15 
 16 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 in. 
 6.82 
 6.74 
 4.24 
 5.02 
 5.39 
 
 6.77 
 7.23 
 6.57 
 4.70 
 5.04 
 
 3.67 
 3.47 
 2.89 
 5.26 
 
 5.62 
 5.22 
 
 14 
 
 
 .... 
 
 in. 
 5.72 
 5.50 
 3.35 
 4.63 
 5.11 
 
 10.36 
 4,41 
 5.78 
 3.86 
 4.02 
 
 4.01 
 3.18 
 2.44 
 4.22 
 
 3.86 
 4.96 
 
 12 
 17 
 11 
 13 
 13 
 
 10 
 16 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 10 
 9 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 8 
 
 
 
 fi-iiplnh 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 Orangeville 
 
 11 
 13 
 
 11 
 14 
 15 
 14 
 10 
 
 14 
 14 
 14 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 W.Fitzgerald 
 
 John McLean 
 
 John McKenzie 
 
 G. J. McCulloch . . . 
 
 Dr. Gunn 
 
 C. H. Homing 
 
 W. D. A. Eoss 
 
 W. B. Fellows 
 
 S. J. Pardo 
 
 Thos. Scane, P.L.S. 
 
 Dr. Passmore 
 
 Alex. Barrie 
 
 :::: 
 
 
 
 Grrey — 
 
 Owen Sound 
 
 Presque Isle 
 
 Egremont 
 
 
 0.3 
 
 s' 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kent- 
 Chatham 
 
 Blenheim 
 
 "Dpaltown 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kidgetown 
 
 Waterloo— 
 
 Conestogo 
 
 rt^lf 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Brant— 
 
 Brantford 
 
 . St. George 
 
 Simooe— 
 
 Coldwater 
 
 Penetanguishene . 
 
 Glenoaim 
 
 Orillia 
 
 T.M.McIntyre,M.A 
 
 E. E. Kitchen .... 
 
 W. H. Manning . . . 
 Eev. J. McBride... 
 H. W. Stephens . . . 
 H. W. Fitton 
 
 F. H. Macpherson . 
 H. B. Spotton.M.A. 
 
 J. E. McGarvin 
 
 3.50 
 4.26 
 
 3.03 
 3.38 
 2.95 
 4.25 
 4.18 
 3.87 
 
 4.79 
 4.85 
 4.51 
 
 2.93 
 4.64 
 3.99 
 
 3.49 
 3.96 
 4.63 
 3.55 
 3.40 
 
 9 
 17 
 
 15 
 20 
 13 
 18 
 15 
 11 
 
 12 
 23 
 16 
 
 6 
 10 
 13 
 
 13 
 17 
 15 
 12 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 6.52 
 
 4.25 
 5.88 
 4 86 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 15 
 12 
 14 
 13 
 10 
 
 9 
 18 
 11 
 
 14 
 11 
 13 
 
 13 
 15 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 
 
 4.58 
 
 2.35 
 1.65 
 2.94 
 3.00 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.5 
 
 
 4.73 
 4.06 
 
 
 
 
 Beeton 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.33 
 
 4.74 
 4.43 
 5.02 
 
 4.95 
 5.85 
 6.38 
 
 3.64 
 5.65 
 6.30 
 6.79 
 4.06 
 
 
 
 3.59 
 
 3.74 
 3.59 
 3.41 
 
 2.52 
 2.95 
 3.90 
 
 3.87 
 3.45 
 3.07 
 3.24 
 3.29 
 3.25 
 
 3.43 
 
 3.79 
 5.58 
 2.87 
 8.31 
 
 2.34 
 
 2.68 
 1.83 
 
 4.07 
 3.15 
 2.36 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 17 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 13 
 10 
 9 
 14 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 12 
 13 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 13 
 11 
 11 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 Halton— 
 
 Acton 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Oakville 
 
 Wentworth— 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 N. Glandf ord .... 
 
 Copetown 
 
 Muskoka— 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 F. Cottle . . 
 
 
 G. Dickson, M. A. . . 
 
 E. Dickenson 
 
 John Ireland 
 
 Kev. K. Mosley.... 
 John HoUingworth. 
 
 T. M. Robinson 
 
 Dr. Howland 
 
 W. Simmons 
 
 E. B. Sutton 
 
 
 
 .'.'.'. 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bracebridge 
 
 Bala 
 
 
 
 
 ...,i 
 
 
 
 Peel- 
 Credit 
 
 W. B. Dixie, M.D. . 
 
 Capt. Sibbald 
 
 Observatory 
 
 J. E. Armstrong . . . 
 TT,. Martin 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.21 
 4.30 
 4.12 
 4.24 
 
 6.71 
 
 5.35 
 6.37 
 
 4.49 
 
 4.77 
 4.W 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 19 
 18 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 17 
 
 16 
 16 
 16 
 
 .... 
 
 
 4.30 
 
 5.07 
 4.98 
 3.43 
 3.81 
 
 5.14 
 
 4.75 
 5.60 
 
 7.95 
 8.79 
 4.25 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 13 
 12 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 15 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 York- 
 Georgina 
 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 Lincoln — 
 
 Sf. Catharines . . 
 
 
 
 
 K. Cameron 
 
 K. Grant 
 
 
 Welland— 
 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 Thorold 
 
 H. Minhinnick 
 
 Thomas Beal 
 
 John Stewart 
 
 John McTaggart. . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Victoria— 
 
 
 
 
 Bobcaygeon 
 
 Kirkfiefd 
 
 
4.3 
 
 . / THE WEATHER , 
 
 TABLE No. XVI.— Summary of the fall of Eain and Snow, etc. — Continued, 
 
 
 Obsjbkvers. 
 
 May. 
 
 ' June. 
 
 July. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Eain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Eain. 
 
 1 
 Snow. 
 
 Eain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 j3 » 
 
 ZiP 
 
 
 d& 
 
 
 1 
 o a 
 
 z;p 
 
 ll 
 
 Z5R 
 
 ^1 
 
 zifl p5 ZQ 
 
 Ontario— 
 
 P.M. Rae 
 
 in. 
 4.02 
 3.65 
 4.79 
 
 3.26 
 4.80 
 
 2.12 
 4.67 
 4.67 
 4.57 
 
 3!26' 
 
 4.92 
 4.68 
 4.88 
 4.59 
 3.89 
 4.26 
 
 4.92 
 
 4.28 
 8.20 
 2.96 
 3.33 
 3,97 
 
 6.30 
 .5.85 
 9.50 
 
 5.10 
 
 5.02 
 
 10 
 13 
 15 
 
 7 
 14 
 
 9 
 18 
 17 
 18 
 14 
 10 
 
 19 
 19 
 11 
 16 
 15 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 14 
 12 
 15 
 16 
 
 14 
 12 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 in. 
 7.94 
 3.08 
 5.36 
 
 5.45 
 4.58 
 
 2.49 
 7.16 
 8.54 
 3.89 
 
 9 
 11 
 13 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 15 
 15 
 13 
 12 
 15 
 
 13 
 15 
 
 5 
 14 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 12 
 15 
 
 ... 
 
 
 in. 
 4.26 
 4.06 
 3.. 57 
 
 4.87 
 4.28 
 
 1.36 
 2.51 
 2.62 
 2.89 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 .... 
 
 
 Cannington 
 
 Oshawa 
 
 Durham — 
 
 Port Hope 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Peterborough- 
 Peterborough 
 
 Lakefield 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Hastings 
 
 R. 0. Brandon ..... 
 Eev. J. Middleton . 
 
 John Foott 
 
 H. Elliott 
 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 W. O'Connor, M.A. 
 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 Thos. Telford 
 
 C. O'Gorman, M.D. 
 
 W. H. Hales 
 
 C. R. Stewart 
 
 Messrs. Bathbun. . . 
 
 J. Cleak 
 
 John Johnston 
 
 Ben. Spurr 
 
 B.F. Butler 
 
 W. J. Clarke 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 
 A Srhultz 
 
 
 :::: .:;:i 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 6.50 
 
 
 
 2.20 10 1 
 
 ' 
 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings— 
 Deseronto 
 
 
 
 4.80 
 
 2.72 
 4.47 
 3.29 
 4.49 
 3.99 
 2.54 
 
 3.01 
 
 5.17 
 8.90 
 6.07 
 
 
 
 2.97 
 
 3.34 
 2,78 
 4.14 
 2.65 
 3.56 
 4.99 
 
 4.70 
 
 2.21 
 3.22 
 2.04 
 1.83 
 1.43 
 
 2.45 
 4.66 
 7.00 
 
 1.33 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 9 
 12 
 11 
 12 
 
 8 
 11 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 ' " ' 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 
 BelleviUe 
 
 L'Amable 
 
 Sterling 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ::: 
 
 .... 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 Frontenac— 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Eenfrew- 
 
 Clontarf 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Eookliffe 
 
 Northcote 
 
 
 
 A. Thompson 
 
 W. H. Mclntyre... 
 
 F. Kosmark 
 
 W. E. Smallfield . . . 
 
 J. B-jrchiU, P.L.S.. 
 
 C. Chapman 
 
 Charles Row 
 
 J. Macmillan, M.A. 
 
 Cortes Fessenden . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.48 
 
 2.63 
 3.68 
 3.10 
 
 3.22 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 Grenville— 
 
 Merrickville 
 
 Prescott M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ottawa^ 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 Lennox — 
 
 Napanee 
 
 Bath 
 
 Addington — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.65 
 
 5.60 
 4.50 
 3.99 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 3.20 
 
 5.20 
 2.59 
 4.49 
 2.66 
 
 3.60 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 E. H. Ruttan 
 
 Wm. Grange 
 
 4.17 
 4.00 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 Glastonbury 
 
 Newburgh 
 
 Harrowsmith 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stormont — 
 Cornwall 
 
 James Smith, M.A. 
 Hugh MoDiarmid . . 
 James H. Grant . . . 
 
 Eev. J. Fairlie. ... 
 
 Bethuel Lovrie — 
 
 5 94 
 5.82 
 6.19 
 
 4.41 
 
 2. .82 
 
 4.65 
 
 6.48 
 
 21 
 17 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 3.09 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lunenburg. 
 
 Prescott- 
 
 L'Orignal 
 
 Leeds- 
 
 — 
 
 i 
 
 3.01 
 3.05 
 3.01 
 2.17 
 2.60 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 
 .... 
 
 3.39 
 2.63 
 
 7 
 12 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 Addison 
 
 Eussell— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lanark- 
 Oliver's Ferry ... 
 
 A. E. Hume 
 
 ....|.... 
 
 
 
 3.68 
 
 14 
 
 .... 
 
 
AGEICULTURAL RETURNS 
 
 nsrO^^T^JEIDS^BEilR, 1883. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The Tables in this Report relating to area of Crops and number of Live Stock are- 
 made up from schedules filled out by the farmers of Ontario, and returned to the Bureau 
 on the 15th of June. The produce of grain is based on returns of actual yield made by 
 threshers and correspoiidents in almost every township of the Province, and the produce 
 of hay and roots on a careful estimate of averages made by correspondents. The Tables 
 relating to exports of grain and other products, to the agricultural produce of former 
 years, to public lands occupied and sold, etc., have been compiled from Government 
 Reports. The Tables of temperature, sunshine and rainfall have, as usual, been prepared 
 under the direction of Mr. Carpmael, Superintendent of the Meteorological office. 
 
 GRAIN. 
 
 The produce of fall wheat is considerably under the estimate made on the 1st of 
 August, the full extent of the injury done by rust not being realized at that time. 
 The worst reports relate to the western half of the Province, where the bulk of the fall 
 wheat is grown. There the crop was seriously damaged by winter weather, and although 
 a partial recovery was made as the growing season advanced the grain was blighted in 
 the ripening' stage with rust. As a result, the average yield is low and the quality poor. 
 In the eastern half the plant wintered well, and the yield per acre is much higher than in 
 the west, but the rust effects are only less severe. 
 
 Spring wheat is generally reported as an excellent crop, the grain being plump and 
 the yield per acre good. Rust and the midge affected it injuriously in some localities, as 
 in the counties of Ontario, Durham and Northumberland, and in all the northern coun- 
 ties late fields were hurt by the September frosts. But for these drawbacks the crop 
 would have been one of the largest and best that the country has produced. 
 
 The total breadth of fall and spring wheat this year is 1,676,545 acr^s, and the pro- 
 duce 21,253,372 bushels. Last year the breadth was 1,775,337 acres, and the produce 
 40,921,201 bushels. The average yield of fall wheat per acre last year was 26.3 bushels, 
 and of spring wheat 16.5. This year the average of spring wheat is 16.7 bushels, and 
 of fall wheat only 10.5. 
 
 The season was too wet for maturing a good crop of marketable barley, and although 
 the berry is plump it is generally discoloured. A large portion of it will in consequence 
 be fed on the farm. The area under crop was 757,622 acres, the produce 18,690,38a 
 bushels, and the average yield per acre 24.67 bushels. Last year the area was 848,61? 
 acres, the produce 24,284,407 bushels, and the average yield 28.6 bushels. 
 
The oat crop has been a large and line one. The grain is of excellent quality, 
 especially in the western half of the Province, and many correspondents remark that in 
 weight it exceeds the standard bushel by four to six pounds. In the northern counties 
 some injury was done by early frosts, but its extent in the aggregate is not appreciable. 
 The total produce of the 1,423,529 acres in crop was 55,642,524 bushels, or 39 bushels 
 per acre. Last year the area was 1,375,415 acres, the produce 50,097,997 bushels, and 
 the average per acre 36.4 bushels. 
 
 Rye has been a fair crop, both as regards quality and productiveness. The area 
 sown was 188,438 acres, the yield 3,005,720 bushels, and the average per acre 16 bushels. 
 Last year the area was 189,031 acres, the yield 3,549,898 bushels, and the average per 
 acre 18.8 bushels. 
 
 Peas sown on low land was injured by the rainy weather of July, but on high or 
 well-drained land it was an excellent crop. The bug was less destructive than in former 
 years, and in some districts it seems to have disappeared. The area in crop was 541,713 
 acres, the yield 10,720,450 bushels, and the yield per acre 19.8 bushels. Last year the 
 area was 557,157 acres, the yield 10,943,355 bushels, and the yield per acre 19.6 bushels. 
 
 Corn, buckwheat and beans were so generally destroyed by the frosts of September 
 that it is impossible to estimate their produce. Beans were a partial crop in the localities 
 where they are chiefly grown, but thousands of acres of corn and buckwheat were 
 utterly ruined in the districts most favourable to their maturity. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties fall wheat is shrunken with rust : it weighs light and yields an inferior 
 quality of flour. Spring wheat is scarcely grown at all in these counties, but this year's crop was better 
 than farmers looked for. Barley and peas were scalded with rains on low land, but on high or well drained 
 land they grew and ripened well. The bug did considerable injury to peas. Oats thrived well ; the yield 
 was large, and the quality of the grain excellent. Eye did not turn out a good crop this year, but it is only 
 grown to any extent on the old pine lands of Norfolk. Com, beans, buckwheat and sorghum were cut down 
 by September's frost. Only a few fields of early com and beans escaped, and excepting along the lake 
 shore there is very little hard corn in these counties. 
 
 The Ijake Huron counties show a great falling off in the fall wheat product, the crop being only a fourth 
 of last year's. In some townships the average yield is only 5 bushels per acre. The quality, too, is very 
 inferior ; much of it is reported by correspondents to be no better than the " tailings " or " chicken feed " of 
 former years, and to yield only 25 or 30 pounds of flour per bushel. Spring wheat was an excellent crop, 
 the berry being plump and the average product satisfactory. The midge injured it to some extent, and late 
 sown fields in Bruce were damaged by frost. Barley turned out fairly well, though the grain is discoloured. 
 Peas was a light crop in Lambton and Huron, having been injured by local rains ; in Bruce it grew and 
 ripened well, and but little harm was done by the bug. Oats grew luxuriantly and the grain is a choice 
 sample, much of it weighing 40 pounds per bushel. Late fields in Bruce were nipped with frost. Corn, 
 beans and buckwheat were of course killed by the frost. 
 
 In Grey and Simcoe fall wheat was stricken with rust and the quality is inferior. Spring wheat that 
 matured early is a good sample ; but the wet summer weather caused all grains to ripen late, and in many 
 cases the crops on low-lying and undrained lands were caught by September's frost. Some farmers did not 
 finish harvesting until the 23rd of October. There is consequently a considerable quantity of light grains 
 in these counties, but the bulk of the crops is of good quality. Peas filled out well and is free from bugs. 
 
 The reports for all the West Midland counties give a bad account of the fall wheat ; it is shrunken, 
 weighs light, *nd yields a poor quality of flour. Spring wheat is of excellent quality and weighs above the 
 standard. It is expected that an increased area will be sown next year. Peas and barley in Middlesex, 
 Oxford and Perth suffered from the excess of rainfaU in July, and were drowned out on low lands. Oats 
 was everywhere a fine crop, weighing 40 pounds to the bushel, and farmers have a large surplus for market. 
 Corn, beans and buckwheat were destroyed by frost. 
 
For the Lake Ontario counties the reports are generally more favourable as regards fall wheat — the 
 two extreme counties, Lincoln and Prince Edward, having fared the worst from winter exposure and rust. 
 Elsewhere the plant came safely out of winter quarters, and although injured to some extent by rust the 
 yield shows a much better average than in the more westerly counties of the Province. Spring wheat is a 
 very good crop, especially in York, Ontario, Durham and Northumberland. It was injured in a slight 
 degree by rust and the midge. The Wild Goose variety is said to be improving in quality every year. The 
 yield of oats is large, and the quality good. Peas was injured by rains on low land, but less harm has been 
 done by the bug than in former years. Barley is deficient in weight and colour, and much of it will be fed 
 at home. Late crops of spring grains in the northerly townships were hurt by September frosts, and corn, 
 beans and buckwheat in all sections of the Lake Ontario counties were almost wholly destroyed. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties a much larger area of spring wheat is grown than of fall 
 wheat. The yield of both was high compared with western counties, but the quality was affected by rust. 
 Spring wheat was also injured by the weevil. Rye was a fair crop, but the yield was not as large as last year, 
 Oats and barley were injured by rust along the St. Lawrence counties, especially in Dundas, Stormont and 
 Glengarry, and the grain is light. Elsewhere the crops were good, with the exception of fields that ripened 
 late. In Kenfrew, the most northerly county of the group, oats was a splendid crop. Peas did well there 
 ■ also, the yield being large and the quality excellent ; there was no appearance of the bug. Crops on low 
 clay lands were partially destroyed by rains and early frost. Buckwheat is grown more extensively in these 
 counties than in any other part of the Province, but this year the crop was cut off by frost ; only a few 
 early fields escaped. 
 
 Fall wheat promised to be a large and fine crop in the Bast Midland counties until the rust struck it. 
 The yield is a good deal less than last year, and the quality inferior. Spring wheat fared much better, but 
 it rusted on heavy lands. The weevil also did a measure of harm, and all late ripening spring grains were 
 injured by frost. Barley gives a good average yield, but the grain is discoloured. Early oats and peas 
 were excellent. Rye is light, and buckwheat a total loss. 
 
 In the Northern districts extensive injury has been done to spring crops by the September frosts, as 
 owing to the backwardness of the spring season late sowing was the rule. Farms in the vicinity of the lakes 
 suffered comparatively little harm, and on Manitoulin island and along the north shore of Georgian Bay 
 many fine fields of spring wheat and oats were harvested. Peas ran too much to straw, and frost took the 
 larger portion of it. 
 
 HAY AND CLOVER. 
 
 There is a large surplus of hay and clover in the country, the total crop exceeding 
 last season's by 2,036,793 tons. L&,st year the area under crop was 1,825,890 acres, and 
 the average yield 1.14 tons per acre; this year the area was 2,359,521 acres, and the 
 average yield 1.75 tons. Broken weather during the first ten days of haying delayed 
 operations, and a portion of the crop was poorly cured, but the bulk of it was gathered in 
 fair condition. The second crop of clover obtained a late start, but the weather being 
 favourable it made a vigorous growth. The reports to the Bureau show, however, that 
 the midge has this year extended to all parts of the Province west of Dundas county. 
 Throughout the western peninsula and the counties bordering on Lake Ontario it has been 
 very destructive. The low temperature was also unfavourable for early maturity, and 
 fields that escaped the midge were smitten by September's frost. Where the experiment 
 was tried of pasturing clover until the 10th or 15th of June a good yield of seed has 
 been obtained, — the first brood of the midge being too early, and the second too late, to do 
 it any injury. Alsike clover, which thrives best on moist, loamy soils, is grown only to a 
 limited extent in the Province. It was a heavy crop this year, and there will be a moder- 
 ate supply of seed. 
 
 — ___— ^^ • 
 
 Midge was the chief enemy of the clover fields of the Lake Erie counties ; and where it left its work of 
 
destruction unfinished, frost came to its assistance. A few fair crops were reaped near the lake shore in 
 Elgin and Kent, and in some cases fields pastured till June yielded reasonable quantities of seed; but 
 throughout the group generally tlfe results were far from encouraging. Alsike is grown only to a limited 
 extent— quite largely, however, in some portions of Elgin — but it is found to succeed on low, heavy, moist 
 soils, and is gradually increasing in favour. 
 
 The Lake Huron and Georgian Bay counties suffered equally from the same causes. Red Clover grown 
 for seed was almost a total failure. Forced by the early rains, it showed well for a time ; some fields cut 
 early, and others pastured till June, gave good account of themselves, but in the majority of cases there 
 were few blossoms though plenty of midge. It is noticeable, however, that northern localities were not 
 nearly so generally attacked by the midge as those farther south. Considerable Alsike is grown in Bruce and 
 ^ Grey, where it appears to thrive better than other grasses, as it is not so liable to winter, killing. Occasion-- 
 ally it is sown with red clover and timothy. 
 
 The advantage of turning stock into clover fields during the early part of the season was demonstrated in 
 several instances in the West Midland counties. One correspondent in Brant reports : "Pastured five acres 
 as an experiment, and turned off the stock about the 16th of June ; on that piece the clover was red with 
 blossom — no midge in the whole piece- and had it not been so wet it would have been first rate." Where- 
 ever this course was followed a fair quantity of seed matured. The second crop generally started so late in 
 the season that it had little chance of ripening. There was a plentiful growth of straw, affording excellent 
 feed for sheep and cows, but no seed. A period of cold, wet weather intervened, bringing with it midge and 
 followed by early frosts, two scourges which left hardly any seed behind them ; many fields did not even 
 blossom. Some townships in Dufferin and in the northern parts of Wellington were almost entirely free from 
 the ravages of the midge, but there the frost did its work effectually. These discouragements have caused 
 many farmers to abandon the growing of red clover for seed, but to import their seed and reserve their clover 
 fields for pasture solely. As large quantities of seed will have to be imported for next year's sowing, it is of 
 the greatest importance that care be taken to procure a clean article ; the clover seed of the Western States 
 is usually foul with the seed of rag weed. The failure of red clover is inducing West Midland farmers to 
 sow Alsike more extensively, both by itself and mixed with red clover and timothy. Its hardiness 
 enables it to thrive in almost any moist soil, and also protects it from winter killing. Many prefer it to 
 red clover for pasture, but not for hay. 
 
 The Lake Ontario counties have the same.story to tell of universal destruction by midge and frost, chiefly 
 the former. Scarcely a township in the whole district escaped it. There was in most cases a rank growth of 
 straw, but no maturing of seed, and many fields were pastured off or ploughed under. Fields tha{ were pastured 
 late alone ripened for seed. An Ontario correspondent says : "I saw one field of good clover, pastured till 
 June 15th and crop harvested in August ; midge did no damage to it ; all others destroyed." Another (from 
 Durham) says : " Only one good field, pastured till June 10th." • Alsike is grown to a moderate extent in 
 these counties, and succeeds well, especially on low, heavy lands, being able to resist both midge and frost. 
 One report from York, where it is grown somewhat extensively, says : "Poor soil suits it best, so as not to 
 grow too much straw." 
 
 Very little seed clover is grown in the counties along the St. Lawrence. In the northern counties of 
 the Ottawa district Alsike is rapidly increasing in favour. In Alice township, Renfrew county, a corres- 
 pondent writes that it is "grown on most farms ; in fact, it is now nearly as common as Canada thistles ; 
 it spreads from one farm to another, and is not liable to be winter killed ; a moist loam or mucky soil is best 
 'iuited to it." 
 
 The East Midland counties had a luxuriant growth of clover, but very little seed. In South Hastings 
 the heads were full of midge ; in Peterboro' it was equally destructive ; and in Victoria it appeared for the 
 first time. The ravages of the frost, too, were felt throughout the whole district. A small quantity of 
 Alsike is successfully cultivated. 
 
 The northern districts of tho Province— Muskoka, Parry Sound and Algoma— have thus far apparently 
 enjoyed a complete immunity from the midge. Owing to the frost, however, hardly any clover was saved 
 for seed, though one report (from Howland township, Manitouliu) says seed clover did well. Much atten- 
 tion appears tp be given to Alsike, which seems to be specially adapted to the climate of these regions, and 
 this year the crop was very heavy. It thrives on all soils, but chiefly on clay and sandy loams. 
 
ROOTS. 
 
 The rains of May, June and July delayed the seasonable planting of potatoes, and 
 hindered the preparation of the ground for other roots. The subsequent drought caused 
 the land to bake, and autumn growth was slow. Carrots and mangolds, which go deep 
 into the soil, suflfered least ; but turnips were almost everywhere stunted, and the aver- 
 age produce per acre is 150 bushels less than last year. In districts visited by drenching 
 summer rains, as in the valleys of the Thames and Maitland rivers, much injury was done 
 to the potato crop, and in the western counties of the Lake Ontario group the rot was 
 prevalent. As a result, the average yield for the whole Province is 18 bushels per acre 
 less than last year. The acreage and produce of the several crops for 1882 and 1883 are 
 
 as follows : 
 
 ^Aorea— 1883— Bush.-^ ^Aores— 1882— Bush.-N 
 
 Potatoes 167,302 16,106,731 160,700 18,432,145 
 
 Mangolds 17,248 6,233,163 15,791 7,711,420 
 
 Carrots 11,292 3,951,588 9,955 4,009,975 
 
 Turnips 98,558 29,432,013 78,823 35,359,331 
 
 Totals 294,400 55,723,495 265,269 65,512,871 
 
 In the eastern counties of the Lake Erie group potatoes are good in quality, although the yield is 
 not large. In Haldimand and Elgin rot showed itself at the close of the rainy weather in July, but except- 
 ing on undrained clay lands it soon disappeared. The reports for Kent and (Essex are generally very 
 favourable. Other roots are not much grown, and they are of small size this year. 
 
 On low and undrained lands in the Lake Huron counties potatoes were damaged by summer rains and 
 badly affected with rot. On high and drained lands the crop is fairly good. Turnips are very small, 
 mangolds medium, and carrot? very good. 
 
 In the Georgian Bay counties, potatoes were a light crop, but the quality was good and there was 
 scarcely any appearance of rot. Turnips are small but sound ; other roots fair. 
 
 On sandy and loamy soils in the West Midland group potatoes yielded well, but in clay land they rotted 
 badly. In Perth, Oxford and Middlesex the July rains did much harm. Turnips were small, but the 
 sample is good. The heavy summer rains packed the ground, and the subsequent drought arrested growth. 
 Mangolds and carrots fared better, but the yield is far short of last year's. 
 
 In the Lake Ontario counties potatoes rotted badly on low lands, especially near the lake. The crop 
 was better on high land, and in the back townships. For Lincoln county the reports are generally 
 favourable, and rot did little harm after the first days of August. Turnips were smaU, but of good quality, 
 -and mangolds and carrots a fair crop. The general view of correspondents is that the season was too cold 
 for roots, and that, in addition to unfavourable temperature, the summer was too wet and the fall too dry. 
 
 Turnips, mangolds and carrots are but little grown in the eastern counties of the Province, and the 
 r eports of their condition are generally unfavourable. Potatoes that were planted early, and on high or 
 well drained lands, yielded good crops ; but late planted fields were injured by rust, blight and the frost. 
 
 In the East Midland counties and in the Northern districts roots of aU kinds are light. Potatoes are 
 under an average, their tops having been out down by early frost. 
 
 FRUIT. 
 
 The failure of fruit has been general throughout the Province. The show of apple 
 blossoms was full of promise, notwithstanding that this was the off-year for bearing, but 
 the cold winds and rains which prevailed throughout May and on into June blasted the 
 prospect. The trees, however, have made a healthy growth of young wood, and fruit 
 buds are abundant. The effects of last year's blight are nowhere visible now. A small 
 
surplus of -peaches was produced in the Niagara peninsula and along the lake shore in 
 Norfolk. Cherries were scarce and almost worthless. The plum crop was large, but the 
 quality was injured by [the curculio, blight, and the September frost. Black-knot is rapidly 
 destroying the plum and cherry orchards. Grapes ripened slowly owing to continued low 
 temperature in August and September, and were damaged by mildew and frost. Late 
 tomatoes were a total loss, having been cut down by frost. The total area of orchard 
 and garden this year is 200,846 acres, or one acre of orchard and garden to every 52.7 
 apres of cleared farm land. 
 
 Fruit of every kind in the Lake Erie counties has, this year, given a, very poor account of itself. 
 At first the long cold spring retarded growth ; then came a succession of heavy rains with chilly east 
 winds, which almost entirely stripped the trees of their blossoms. The result was a fine growth of 
 healthy wood, and a, very meagre crop of very poor fruit. Most counties did not raise even enough 
 apples for home consumption ; and most of the little they had were scrubby, spotted and wormy. Peaches, 
 though not such a dismal failure, were by no means satisfactory ; there were a few good bearings, how- 
 ever, near the lake shore in Norfolk and Elgin. The old demon of the plum tree, black-knot, has this 
 year played havoc with cherry trees also ; and the plum crop has suffered almost complete destruction from 
 that other enemy, the fcurculio. Frost, cold and mildew have greatly reduced the grape yield. It is worth 
 noting that fruit trees sheltered from the east winds generally bore well. 
 
 The Lake Huron counties had a surplus of apples for export, some of which were shipped at Seaforth 
 to Manitoba. Plums suffered severely from the curculio in Lambton, from black-knot in Huron, and from 
 September frost in Bruce ; still there were good surpluses in many localities. From Bruce comes a complaint 
 of a blight that attacked the trees in July, causing the leaves to drop off. 
 
 A similar blight was very injurious to plums and pears in the county of Grey. Frost also did consider- 
 able damage in the southern townships. The curculio was active in Simcoe, yet in the two counties there 
 was a fair surplus of plums. Apple trees, though healthy, blossomed late, and the crop was generally light. 
 Grey, however, showed a good surplus — between Meaford and Owen Sound some 6,000 barrels having been 
 exported. 
 
 Throughout the West Midland district fruit trees generally are healthy, and have made considerable new 
 wood during the season. Cherry trees in the western counties have almost completely succumbed to the 
 assaults of black-knot. InPerth and Wellington fruit of all descriptions is very scarce. Portions of Mid- 
 dlesex and Oxford have grnwu a small surplus of apples. Brant has a sufficiency of all fruits, except 
 cherries. Dufferin has a surplus of plums, but late fruit in this county was somewhat injured by frost. 
 
 This year has been a decidedly lean one for fruit in the Lake Ontario counties. The principle cause of 
 failure elsewhere— the cold wet weather of the blossoming season — operated fatally here also. Prince 
 Edward has been the most fortunate county of the group, yielding a surplus of apples, pears and plums j 
 and some localities near the lake in other counties have done fairly well. In South Ontario plums, pears 
 and small fruits have been moderately plentiful. Plums, indeed, have shown a surplus in nearly all the 
 counties of the group ; though black-knot has been highly destructive of trees in Peel, Halton and Went- 
 worth. But apples are very scarce everywhere, and are blighted and wormy. Grapes are a poor crop ; they 
 failed to ripen, owing to frost and mildew. Lincoln is the only county that produced a surplus of peaches. 
 The wet season, while so injurious to fruit, was conducive to a strong, healthy growth of young wood. 
 
 The St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties tell the same story of failure, from the same general cause — 
 the cold, wet spring, and the shortness of the ripening season. Plums are the only fruit in surplus, and 
 these chiefly'in the western counties of the group. The apple crop is very light ; in some northern localities 
 the fruit was attacked widelyjby black scab. Seedling apples are said to have succeeded better than grafts. 
 A severe early frost destroyed many grapes, and most of what remained failed to ripen owing to the short- 
 ness and coldness of the season. 
 
 Fruit trees in the East Midland counties are healthy and are growing well, but the fruit is precarious. 
 Plums and crab apples are the only kinds produced in surplus. Black scab is very injurious to apples. 
 
 Few and feeble are the attempts made at fruit growing in the Northern districts ; the trees cannot, as a 
 rule, stand the severe winters. Crab apples yield plentifully, but there is little of anything else. 
 
LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The settlement of the North-West has opened to Ontario farmers a new market for 
 horses, and the effort they are making to supply the demand is shown by the noticeable 
 increase in the return of horses this year. For 1882 and 1883 the figures are — 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 Working Horses : 350,181 336,932 
 
 Breeding Mares 87,442 70,596 
 
 Unbroken Horses 123,408 96,076 
 
 It is an evidence of the rapidly enlarging market for Canadian cattle, as well at 
 home as in England and the United States, that the returns for 1883 show an increase 
 over thoje for 1882 of nearly seventeen per cent., chiefly in the number of store and 
 young cattle. The heavy rains of the early summer produced an abundant pasturage, 
 and the open fall permitted stock to run for about a month longer than usual. A great 
 number of well fatted animals have been sold off the grass ; but the partial failure of the 
 root crops discourages stall-feeding, and the large surplus of hay will be used to carry 
 store cattle over to the next grazing season. In some districts, however, such as Wel- 
 lington county, many stockers have been tied up for the winter, and will be fed on hay, 
 roots and stained barley for the Easter markets. The number of cattle in the Province 
 in 1882 and 1883 was as follows : 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 Working Oxen 17,086 14,566 
 
 MilchCows 691,808 665,382 
 
 Store Cattle (oyer 2 years) 322,154 272,208 
 
 Other Cattle 790,949 610,527 
 
 Totals 1,821,997 1,562,683 
 
 The aggregate returns of sheep show a diminution of some 43,400 ; wholly in the 
 fine-woolled breeds, however, there being an increase in the coarse-woolled breeds of 
 16,463. The reason of the decrease in the former class is not apparent. An unusually 
 large mortality in lambs this year no doubt accounts for it to some extent ; but, failing 
 good prices for wool, it is not improbable that farmers find the large mutton-producing 
 sheep more profitable for shipment to foreign markets. The American demand absorbs 
 the greater part of the surplus of lambs in the St. Lawrence and Lake Erie counties, and 
 the export of well-fatted yearlings and two-year-olds to Great Britian is steadily growing 
 in volume. Increased attention is given to sheep raising in the northern and newer dis- 
 tricts, the grasses of which produce a prime quality of mutton. Following is a compara- 
 tive statement of the returns of sheep for 1882 and 1883: 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 Coarse-woolled (over 1 year) 1,044,859 933,143 
 
 " (underlyear) ,. 581,109 576,362 
 
 Fine-woolled (over 1 year) 150,465 178,299 
 
 (underlyear). 95,451 127,499 
 
 Totals 1.871,884 1,915,303 
 
 The number of fleeces clipped this year was 1,065,144 of coarse, and 152,965 of fine 
 wool, averaging about 5 J S)S. to the fleece. Last year the average was slightly over 5 1)3. 
 to the fleece. 
 
10 
 
 A large surplus of hogs is reported, especially in the western counties of the Prov- 
 ince, but the failure of the corn and pea crops there has discouraged the production of 
 pork. As a consequence, farmers will kill or sell early in the season. Elsewhere peas 
 and discoloured barley are being fed, and a good quality of pork will be sent to market' 
 The returns of hogs show an increase of less than seven per cent, over those for 1882, the 
 
 numbers over and under one year being — 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 Overlyear 246,329 2.52,415 
 
 Uuderlyear 661,513 597,811 
 
 Totals 907,842 850,226 
 
 The returns of poultry show a decrease this year in the number of geese, and an 
 increase in the number of turkeys and other fowls. The statistics for 1882 and 1883 
 are — 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 Turkeys 355,867 310,058 
 
 Geese 491,901 533,357 
 
 Otherfowls ,5,008,331 4,508,705 
 
 The scarcity of feed, owing to the general failure of the com and pea crops, has induced the farmers of 
 the Lake Erie counties to shorten their stocks of all kinds of animals as much as possible. Few cattle will 
 be stalled, except in one or twojyi the westerly counties of the group, most of the available coarse food 
 being reserved for the fattening of hogs. Even in the case of hogs, of which the season's supply was large, 
 great numbers have to be sold and butchered in a half -fattened condition. In Elgin, in some instances, 
 cattle and hogs will be kept over ; but in Kent and Essex they are selling off very cheap — hogs as low as 
 $3 per cwt., live weight. There are plenty of hogs, but little to fatten them with. 
 
 The Lake Huron counties, with the exception of Lambton, have enjoyed good pastures, and stock is 
 generally in a better condition than last year. But the failure of the root crop and the scarcity of other 
 feed discourage stalling, and a good many animals are being sold off the pasture. The surplus of both 
 hogs and sheep is large. As the only feed to be got for hogs is barley, it is regarded as more profitable to 
 sell even at reduced prices than to risk a winter's keep. The corn crop in Lambton was a great failure, and 
 the surplus stock of animals is met by but a weak demand. \ 
 
 The Georgian Bay district has not suffered so greatly from a shortage of feed as other portions of the 
 Province. Pasturage has been excellent, and the stock is healthy. The bulk of the surplus cattle was 
 bought up by butchers and drovers, but a good number of animals have been kept for stall feeding. There 
 was a fair crop of peas in this district, which enables farmers to fatten considerable numbers of hogs. 
 Sheep are in good supply. 
 
 The stock raisers of the West Midland counties are paying great attention to grass feeding. Some 
 15,000 grass-fed cattle have this year been shipped at Ailsa Craig, in Middlesex. The pastures were very 
 good in the summer, and farmers are a month later than usual in tying up their cattle. This enables 
 them to economize their limited supply of winter feed, though the cattle are not very thrifty. A large 
 number of cattle will be stalled, but not so much for fattening— the failure of roots, corn and peas prevents 
 this— as to be kept till next summer to be grass-fed and sold off the pasture for the British market. A good 
 many two and three-year-old steers are bought for this purpose in the fall and winter. The supply of young 
 hogs is large, but owing to the failure of the pea crop fewer than usual will be kept for fattening. In 
 Middlesex, Oxford, Perth and Wellington the yield of peas was only 1,172,237 bushels, against 1,805,154 
 in 1882, or a decrease of 632,917 bushels. This loss must seriously affect the production of pork. 
 
 In the Lake Ontario counties live stock is well up to the average, both in numbers and condition* 
 Pasturage has been good : the season has-been long and open ; and, as the supply of coarse grains is larger 
 and cheaper than more westerly districts enjoy, a large amount of fattening will be done. The surpluses of 
 cattle, as well as of sheep and hogs, are large. Two exceptions to this report must, however, be noted. 
 Prince Edward has raised only enough live stock for the home supply ; and Lincoln, like many other 
 counties of western Ontario, has been discouraged from pork-making by the failure of the corn crop. 
 
11 
 
 From the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the live stock report is also quite favourable. Every- 
 where throughout the district the supply is fully up to the average. The counties bordering upon the 
 St. Lawrence, although raising cattle chiefly for dairy purposes and not retaining many for fattening, 
 show a greater product of sheep and hogs than in previous years. Large numbers of sheep and lambs are 
 raised to meet the American demand, which has been fairly active this year, though prices are lower. The 
 northerly counties of the group are doing considerable pork-packing for the adjacent lumber shanties, which 
 absorb their surplusage. The local necessities of the Montreal market encourage considerable stall-fattening 
 of cattle in the neighbouring counties of Prescott and Eussell. Pasturage has been fair, though cut rather 
 short in the north by dry weather, and slightly too succulent along the St. Lawrence for a contrary reason. 
 
 Abundant pasturage in the East Midland counties has induced a great deal of grass and clover fattening, 
 and many cattle have been sold off the fields. Peterborough county will fatten a considerable number for 
 the English market. The Hastings farmers have sold largely off the pastures to the lumbermen of the 
 north. A good supply of hogs has been raised in the district, but prices are lower than usual. 
 
 The live stock of the Northern districts of the Province is healthy and in excellent condition, and a 
 •mall surplus has been produced. Frost, however, impaired pasturage earlier than usual. Some shipments 
 of fat cattle have been made from Manitoulin to Port Arthur for the Manitoba trade. 
 
 THE NEW CROP OF FALL WHEAT. 
 
 A smaller area of fall wheat has been sown than last year, and owing to the autumn 
 drouth the ground at seed time was hard and lumpy. The new wheat being shrunken 
 with rust and foul with chess and weed seeds, most farmers sowed old grain ; others 
 gowed new seed and kept the old for bread. In some instances both failed to germinate 
 and the ground was re-sown. The frosts and cold winds of September and October 
 retarded growth in a marked degree, and excepting on warm soils in a hearty condition 
 the plant looks thin and weak. 
 
 Norfolk is the only one of the Lake Erie counties in which the area sown appears to be as large as last 
 year, and in that county the ground was in good order and the young plant looks healthy. In the other 
 counties the ground was hard and lumpy, and the seeding late. There were few good fallows in conse- 
 quence of the June rains, and stubble land was hard to work. A large quantity of old wheat was sown, 
 the quality of the new being very pOor. In Elgin and Kent the Egyptian variety is the favourite, it 
 having been less injured than others by winter exposure and rust. 
 
 In the Lake Huron and Georgian Bay counties the area is less than last year, and seeding was from 
 ten days to three weeks later than usual. In portions of Lambton and Huron fallows were " run together " 
 with summer rains, and stubble land was hard and dry. In Simcoe the ground was in fair condition, and 
 the young wheat has made good growth. In Grey and Bruce seeding was later than elsewhere and the 
 crop looks thin, hard frosts and dry weather hindering its growth. The new wheat being shrivelled and 
 dirty, the bulk of the seed grain was old wheat. In Huron some fields had to be resown. 
 
 The area sown in the West Midland counties is on the whole less than last year. Brant being the only 
 one of the six that reports no decrease. The ground in that county was in very good condition, but the 
 plant has not much top. In Perth, Wellington, Waterloo and Dufferin it is expected that an increased 
 acreage of spring wheat will be sown next year ; the condition of the fall crop is not hopeful. In Middle- 
 «ex and parts of Oxford the ground was hard and lumpy, and slow growth has been the rule. The seed 
 grain sown was chiefly old wheat. 
 
 In the counties of Lincoln, Wentworth, Halton and Peel, of the Lake Ontario group, the breadth is 
 about the same as last year ; in each of the others a lower acreage is reported. Difficulty was experienced 
 in getting good clean seed, but new wheat was chiefly sown. The ground was too hard to work well, and 
 frosts and dry weather have piled up heavy odds against the young plant. . As a consequence, the stand is 
 very light. 
 
 The reports for the eastern and northern sections of the Province show a decreased acreage, and the 
 crop looks thin and weak. The ground was poorly worked, and there has been no growing weather. A 
 greater breadth of spring wheat will doubtless be sown in these sections next year. 
 
12 
 
 THRESHING AND MARKETING OF GRAIN. 
 Dull markets and low prices have been the rule of the season. The late harvesting 
 delayed threshing and marketing ; yet the hope of better prices induced farmers to hold 
 back still further. The deficiency in the wheat crop left little beyond what was required 
 for home use, but even for that little the demand has been inactive. In some of the western 
 counties old wheat only is offered. The movement of barley has been equally slow, owing 
 to low prices and to the necessity of this grain for feed in the absence of roots, com and 
 peas. In the lumber districts oats have been in fair demand, but elsewhere they have 
 shared the prevailing stagnation. 
 
 Dulness and low prices are the leading features of the markets of the Lake Erie counties. In the 
 eastern portion of the group old wheat is sold chiefly. Many are holding back in hope of better prices. In 
 general, the whole barley product is required for feed, there being scarcely any corn or peas. Some Essex 
 farmers are feeding hogs with this season's wheat. 
 
 In the counties bordering upon Lake Huron and the Georgian Bay the late harvest threw marketing 
 back correspondingly ; but even when it opened it only brought low prices, with a sluggish demand. Some 
 barley and oats changed hands in the northern localities, but hardly any wheat anywhere. The farmers of 
 Lambton and Huron have barely enough wheat for home uSe, and will need all the barley for their hogs. 
 
 Uniformly poor crops in the West Midland counties have yielded but a slender surplus for market. 
 The bulk of the wheat will be consumed at home ; and barley must serve as feed for live stock, as there is 
 no com and a shortage of peas and roots. Those who have anything to sell are disposed to wait for a rise 
 in prices. 
 
 The gjeneral stagnation has been severely felt in the Lake Ontario counties. As elsewhere, the markets 
 opened late ; yet there was little grain to offer, and poor prices for that little. Farmers are holding ofif, sell- 
 ing only what what they are obliged to. Lincoln reports the worst general crop for twenty years, and very 
 little grain fit for market. 
 
 A fair quantity of rye and wheat has been marketed in the St. Lawrence counties, but low prices have 
 discouraged the movement of barley. The Ottawa valley counties had. a backward season and a late market, 
 but the necessities of the lumbermen created a good demand for peas and oats. 
 
 The Bast Midland and Northern districts have shared the prevailing slowness. The surplus "of oats, 
 however, is finding a market in the lumber districts. 
 
 FALL PLOUGHING. 
 The backwardness of harvesting and marketing caused the fall ploughing also to be 
 deferred to a later pei-iod than usual. But when once they got to work the farmers 
 endeavoured to make up in energy what they had lost in time, in which they were 
 assisted by an extended period of open fall weather. The want of rain in some of the St. 
 Lawrence and Lake Ontario counties rendered ploughing somewhat difficult there, but in 
 spite of this drawback a large area has been finished. 
 
 Good progress has been made with fall ploughing in the Lake Erie counties, in which it was not affected 
 by the general backwardness of the season so greatly as in more northerly districts. 
 
 In the Lake Huron and Georgian Bay counties ploughing is very backward, but with an open fall the 
 arrearages will be overtaken. In Huron and Bruce, in some cases, ploughing in the fall is said to cause the 
 land to run, and to encourage the growth of thistles in the following spring. 
 
 Ploughing is brisk in the West Midland district, the early frost of this season acting as an incentive to 
 farmers to have their ground ready for the seed at the first opening of spring, so as to guard against a 
 similar occurrence next year. 
 
 Late harvesting, threshing and marketing have delayed ploughing in the Lake Ontario counties, and 
 the western members of the group complain of the hardness of the ground owing to the absence of rain. 
 Still, a large area has been finished. 
 
13 
 
 The same remarks will apply to the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties. In northern counties the late- 
 ness of the season, and in southern the want of rain, have caused considerable delay, but farmers seem 
 determined to make up for lost time. 
 
 In the East Midland and Northern districts ploughing is behind, as elsewhere. While southerly localities 
 suffered from dry weather, heavy rains interfered with ploughing in the north. Taking warning, however 
 by the late opening of last spring, the farmers of Muskoka are covering all the ground they can this fall 
 
 UNDEEDKAINING. 
 The need of underdraining has seldom been better exemplified than this year. The 
 spring rains delayed seeding and planting on undrained lands from ten days to four weeks, 
 and, while some crops were drowned out by the excessive rainfall, all kinds ripened late ; 
 hence, in a large measure, the destruction caused by September frosts. Farmers are 
 making good progress in draining work this year, but the scarcity of tile and the high 
 wages demanded by competent tile-drainers are a serious hindrance in many districts. 
 The linear extent of underdrainage in the Province, as given by the returns of 15th June, 
 was 8,754,750 rods, or 27,358 miles. 
 
 Fair progress has been made in underdraining in the Lake Brie counties. The wet, short season was 
 such as to give prominence to its advantages. On drained land crops matured much earlier than where 
 underdrainage was not attended to, and the ground was always kept firm, so that the crops could be har- 
 vested as soon as they were ready for the reaper ; whereas many crops on undrained land failed to ripen, and 
 when they did the ground was so heavy that it was difficult to move machinery on it. One report says 
 "the drained land has all the crop and the undrained none." These circumstances are tending to promote 
 underdrainage largely. In Kent and Elgin farmers are generally engaging in it as fast as their means will 
 allow. The other counties of the group are slower to move. 
 
 The heavy rains of the season greatly injured the crops in the Lake Huron district. In some instances 
 even the existing underdrains were ineffective to carry off all the water, the outlets becoming choked up. In 
 one township of Huron (Tuckersmith) the rains were so devastating that hundreds of acres of turnips, pota- 
 toes and com had to be ploughed up. The necessity of extensive underdraining and the importance of large 
 outlets are therefore becoming apparent, and farmers are attending to the matter more actively this year 
 than ever. The want of tiles has considerably delayed operations in Larabton, and in some other places 
 the ground has been too wet for the work. Some farmers assert that they have saved enough grain this year 
 by means of underdraining to pay the whole cost of the work. 
 
 So fully has the experience of the past season -demonstrated the advantage of underdrainage to the 
 fanners of Grey, that the supply of tile there is not equal to the demand. Not such rapid, but still fair, 
 progress is also being made in Simooe. Both of these counties this year suffered disastrous effects from frost 
 and rain. Seeding was much retarded, but drained land generally got the start of undrained land by two 
 weeks. 
 
 In some portions of the West Midland district the tile-yards this year are unable to supply the demand. 
 Everywhere the wet weather appears to have aroused the farmers to their interests in respect of this import- 
 ant subject. Many farmers testify that underdrainage this year alone saved their crops from total disaster. 
 Low undrained lands were badly washed out and severely affected by frost, while on drained lands the crops 
 ripened before the frost came and gave good results. 
 
 The experience of the Lake Ontario counties fully confirms that of other districts. But for lack of 
 drainage, seeding in many places would have been done three weeks earlier than it was, and crops would 
 have ripened much faster than they did, notwithstanding the frequent rains. Well drained lands very 
 generally escaped injury from wet weather, and the crops upon them were ripe before the frost appeared. 
 Considerable grain has been drowned out on low lands. The backwardness of the season, combined with 
 the scarcity and deamess of labour, have hindered drainage work, so that not as much as would have been 
 desirable has been done this year. 
 
 Underdraining is making but slow progress in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties. Wherever a 
 proper system of drainage exists, however, it has amply justified itself in early and fair crops ; while the 
 wet spring weather delayed seeding on low and undrained lands three or four weeks. Many of these fields. 
 
14 
 
 too, were drowned out by later floods, or sneoumbed to the ravages of frost in the fall. Surface drainage 
 mainly prevails in Carleton, Lanark and Renfrew, but farmers are beginning to preceive the superior advan- 
 tages of tile underdrainage. 
 
 The East Midland counties have not as yet given general attention to this important matter. Some 
 farms in the southern townships of Victoria, however, possess good systems, and in South Hastings under- 
 drainage has been making gradual but considerable progress during the past ten years. The disasters of the 
 past season have revealed the necessity of a much wider extension of it, and it is not likely that the farmers 
 will allow the lesson to be wholly lost upon them. 
 
 The farmers of the Northern districts have not yet done any nnderdraining worth mentioni|(g. A good 
 deal of the undrained land in Muskoka was swept by frost this fall, and the crops seriously injured. 
 
 HONEY. 
 The past season has been a highly favourable one for honey,- and from every bee- 
 keeping district a splendid yield is reported. The rainy weather of last spring and early 
 summer were condiioive to an unusually abundant growth of clover and other honey-pro- 
 ducing flowers, from which the bees reaped every advantage. In some cases the yield 
 has been as high as 200 pounds per colony. The bee-keeping industry is found to be a 
 very profitable one in almost every section of the Province. 
 
 Generally speaking, the year has been a splendid one for bees in the Lake Erie counties. As much as 
 200 lbs. of honey per colony has been produced. In Essex and Kent, however, complaint is made that bees 
 have Buffered to some extent from cold weather. 
 
 Highly gratifying accounts of the bee-keeping ii\dustry also come from the counties bordering Lake 
 Huron and the Georgian Bay. The bees have been healthy, and the product of honey is immense and of 
 excellent quality. The sources of supply for the bees were unusually abundant, the extreme humidity of 
 the season having conduced to an extraordinary growth of white clover, thistles and all honey-bearing 
 flowers. The industry is growing in these counties. 
 
 Bees have done very poorly in Dufferin and Wellington, and but moderately in Waterloo. From the 
 western counties of the West Midland group, however, the reports are very satisfactory, the weather having 
 been more favourable and the vegetable growth better. There large crops of honey have been gathered, 
 every strong hive having produced about 100 lbs. in the season. 
 
 The Lake Ontario counties give equally as glowing a report of the honey crop for the year as the Lake 
 Erie counties. It has been "a splendid year " in Wentworth, Halton, Peel and York. Chinguacousy has 
 a surplus of two tons, and King has a "tremendous crop," with " full hives, healthy bees, and happy bee- 
 keepers." 
 
 There has been a plentiful yield of honey throughout the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties. The 
 extreme cold of last winter was, however, fatal to large numbers of bees in northern localities. 
 
 In some parts of the East Midland counties bees have succeeded well, but in many places their sup- 
 plies were cut off by early frost. Very little attention appears to be paid to bee-keeping in the Muskoka, 
 Parry Sound and Algoma districts. 
 
 DAIRY BUTTER AND MAPLE SUGAR. 
 The returns of dairy butter made in the Province last year are incomplete, many 
 farmers being unable to give their produce as asked for in the schedule sent out. The 
 quantity as given is 34,406,114 lbs., but the total is probably one-third more. The 
 weather of last spring was unfavourable for sugar-making, and the maple sugar product 
 is less than one-half of last year's. The figures for last year are 5,073,610 lbs., and for 
 this year 2,404,685 lbs. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau of Industries, 
 
 Toronto, November, 1883. ' 
 
15 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 TABLE No. I. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area and Produce of Fall 
 Wheat and Spring Wheat in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 Spbing Whkat. 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bssez 
 
 33366 
 
 62102 
 
 51583 
 
 31406 
 
 33498 
 
 23841 
 
 57428 
 
 80886 
 
 59606 
 
 33286 
 
 61952 
 
 88811 
 
 43853 
 
 33047 
 
 48347 
 
 37409 
 
 42570 
 
 16021 
 
 24602 
 
 35219 
 
 26387 
 
 30342 
 
 48148 
 
 18426 
 
 5152 
 
 12117 
 
 3555 
 
 2547 
 
 2911 
 
 7956 
 
 2763 
 
 829 
 
 871 
 
 19 
 
 452 
 
 4768 
 
 3108 
 
 5310 
 
 12198 
 
 13069 
 
 43 
 
 9127 
 
 29 
 
 43 
 
 452 
 
 440431 
 
 627230 
 
 593204 
 
 263810 
 
 237836 
 
 178807 
 
 359309 
 
 598556 
 
 500690 
 
 319546 
 
 675277 
 
 910313 
 
 3L7934 
 
 360212 
 
 329594 
 
 437685 
 
 438471 
 
 181037 
 
 179595 
 
 454325 
 
 327199 
 
 436925 
 
 625924 
 
 250594 
 
 76250 
 
 186602 
 
 36972 
 
 44.572 
 
 50651 
 
 131274 
 
 48905 
 
 16248 
 
 13936 
 
 380 
 
 5650 
 
 65560 
 
 58430 
 
 108324 
 
 163453 
 
 216945 
 
 430 
 
 173413 
 
 34S 
 
 635 
 
 8275 
 
 I 
 
 39303 
 
 59858 
 
 52158 
 
 34476 
 
 34946 
 
 27983 
 
 39773 
 
 91067 
 
 66202 
 
 50277' 
 
 66719 
 
 102282 1 
 
 49245 
 
 35790; 
 
 60403 
 
 37517 
 
 45610 
 
 13185 
 
 25458 
 
 34605 
 
 26742 
 
 30636 
 
 52568 
 
 17014 
 
 4226 
 
 10556 
 
 4392 
 
 2886 
 
 3312 
 
 10212 
 
 3880 
 
 2155 
 
 2362 
 
 388 
 
 515 
 
 4552 
 
 2977 
 
 6313 
 
 10568 
 
 11358 
 
 240 
 
 12831 
 
 98 
 
 1 65 
 
 817 
 
 903969 
 
 1492 
 
 22380 
 
 14455 
 
 10370 
 
 9408 
 
 32752 
 
 15916 
 
 54303 
 
 237817 
 
 193155 
 
 927902 
 
 522337 
 
 79800 
 
 153165 
 
 16580 
 
 261354 
 
 348608 
 
 90288 
 
 272467 
 
 923 
 510 
 175 
 162 
 
 1227 
 606 
 
 4335 
 18004J 
 10992, 
 .51366' 
 37118 
 
 179l| 
 
 29821 
 873' 
 
 9288; 
 26595 
 
 5401! 
 248831 
 
 14768 
 
 Kent .... 
 
 1556308 
 
 1257 
 
 7650 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 1460624 
 
 896376 
 
 733866 
 
 447728 
 
 954552 
 
 2640943 
 
 1986060 
 
 1508310 
 
 610 
 
 588 
 
 1985 
 
 1001 
 
 .3745 
 
 14072 
 
 13051 
 
 58728 
 
 3150 
 2268 
 
 
 14724 
 
 Welland 
 
 9090 
 56355 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 234052 
 142896 
 770490 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 2068289 32243 
 
 2761614 3996 
 
 1231125 7091 
 
 930540 1098 
 
 593888 
 
 
 32238 
 
 Oxford 
 
 44730 
 
 Brant 
 
 13968 
 
 Perth 
 
 1691284 
 
 1012959 
 
 1368300 
 
 395550 
 
 661908 
 
 795915 
 
 534840 
 
 765900 
 
 1419336 
 
 510420 
 
 114102 
 
 285012 
 
 61488 
 
 54834 
 
 69552 
 
 194028 
 
 73720 
 
 38790 
 
 14204 
 
 21788 
 
 4752 
 
 19744 
 
 1253 
 
 1613 
 
 2920 
 
 13451 
 
 24990 
 
 45555 
 
 43253 
 
 32604 
 
 6974 
 
 7599 
 
 8668 
 
 14149 
 
 3924 
 
 3645 
 
 130032 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 398925 
 91817 
 
 
 348362 
 
 
 20800 990 
 
 14850 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 26453 
 49056 
 235392 
 462315 
 915655 
 839108 
 515143 
 
 1238 
 2316 
 15467 
 26676 
 49164 
 42676 
 30482 
 
 14856 
 
 Halton 
 
 39372 
 
 Peel ... 
 
 262939 
 
 York 
 
 480168 
 
 Ontario 
 
 835788 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland .... 
 
 853520 
 518194 
 
 
 114384 
 
 5601 
 
 67212 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Prontenac . 
 
 104866 5734 
 121352 7510 
 195256 11915 
 
 120414 
 142690 
 
 
 214470 
 
 Dundae 
 
 64353 
 
 68890 
 
 104784 
 
 121890 
 
 67537 
 
 310940 
 
 470235 
 
 182592 
 
 551443 
 
 425095 
 
 11208 
 
 350094 
 
 2784C 
 
 4662S 
 
 135254 
 
 3516 
 
 3942 
 
 7132 
 
 7911 
 
 3454 
 
 25586 
 
 24294 
 
 13087 
 
 43732 
 
 27106 
 
 1957 
 
 13072 
 
 1627 
 
 1516 
 
 11885 
 
 56256 
 63072 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 35430: 7177 
 38801 8126 
 
 99848 
 
 
 94932 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 10300 
 
 63728 
 
 47632 
 
 113634 
 
 274768 
 
 306666 
 
 384C 
 
 24378S 
 
 1566 
 
 130{ 
 
 1 2042E 
 
 5403 
 22210 
 27025 
 14265 
 , 36042 
 23103 
 
 1401 
 18622 
 
 1856 
 
 2808 
 > 700S 
 
 55264 
 358201 
 437294 
 248653 
 780696 
 352388 
 
 21527 
 
 Hastings 
 
 261440 
 29286 
 
 
 24256 
 
 
 309010 
 
 
 108945E 
 
 1145175] 
 
 L 118852C 
 
 3125520S 
 
 ! 587090 
 
 9801621 
 
 586817 
 
 9665999 
 
 
 
 10.. 
 
 ) 
 
 26.. 
 
 S 
 
 16.' 
 
 
 16.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 
 
 BARLEY AND OATS. 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area and Produce of' Barley 
 and Oats in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Bablet. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 WeUand 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Brace 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simooe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton . . , 
 
 Peel 
 
 York. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 Erontenac 
 
 Leeds and Crrenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Average yield per acre.. 
 
 2202 
 
 6692 
 
 4034 
 
 6661 
 
 15223 
 
 3968 
 
 15369 
 
 .33612 
 
 19884 
 
 23716 
 
 29181 
 
 18020 
 
 19784 
 
 14470 
 
 23646 
 
 33098 
 
 16106 
 
 8246 I 
 
 4471 
 
 10064 
 
 12103 
 
 30010 
 
 50197 
 
 34064 
 
 38048 
 
 44357 
 
 43861 
 
 43453 
 
 22320 
 
 13632 
 
 9039 
 
 3093 
 
 2094 
 
 1972 
 
 1329 i 
 
 7023 
 
 1258 
 
 2423 
 
 24421 
 
 13728 
 
 315 
 
 48576 
 
 440 
 
 842 
 
 577 
 
 757622 
 
 55050 
 
 133840 
 
 85924 
 
 161529 
 
 ■283148 
 
 98803 
 
 282790 
 
 931052 
 
 556752 
 
 609501 
 
 773296 
 
 374816 
 
 593520 
 
 353068 
 
 610067 
 
 863858 
 
 531498 
 
 206150 
 
 108198 
 
 299907 
 
 302575 
 
 702234 
 
 1269984 
 
 892477 
 
 1012077 
 
 918190 
 
 916695 
 
 973347 
 
 502200 
 
 297178 
 
 255804 
 
 90316 
 
 58632 
 
 53244 
 
 33225 
 
 161529 
 
 35098 
 
 66148 
 
 617851 
 
 370656 
 
 8820 
 
 1194970 
 
 8888 
 
 21050 
 
 14425 
 
 1371 
 
 7384 
 
 5652 
 
 6913 
 
 19079 
 
 4108 
 
 18731 
 
 27352 
 
 19157 
 
 28431 
 
 28177 
 
 22018 
 
 22155 
 
 16260 
 
 23067 
 
 37829 
 
 18190 
 
 10430 
 
 5029 
 
 13643 
 
 14872 
 
 33572 
 
 58378 
 
 42750 
 
 46290 
 
 45094 
 
 47910 
 
 51868 
 
 26381 
 
 14610 
 
 9887 
 
 3572 
 
 2516 
 
 1449 
 
 931 
 
 6759 
 
 1230 
 
 2131 
 
 31579 
 
 14702 
 
 293 
 
 55698 
 
 424 
 
 360 
 
 385 
 
 39759 
 
 221520 
 
 163908 
 
 200471 
 
 381580 
 
 78052, 
 
 430831 
 
 847912 
 
 574710 
 
 796068 
 
 788956 
 
 594486 
 
 708960 
 
 504060 
 
 715077 
 
 1134870 
 
 582080 
 
 260750 
 
 150870 
 
 409290 
 
 475904 
 
 1175020 
 
 1809718 
 
 1282500 
 
 1481280 
 
 1307726 
 
 1006110 
 
 1400436 
 
 791430 
 
 394470 
 
 355932 
 
 103588 
 
 55352 
 
 26082 
 
 204'82 
 
 202770 
 
 36900 
 
 61799 
 
 844633 
 
 426358 
 
 5860 
 
 1404846 
 
 10176 
 
 9360 
 
 11465 
 
 18690380 I 848617 
 
 24.67 
 
 24284407 
 
 Oats. 
 
 28.6 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 24337 
 29502 
 27004 
 24766 
 19909 
 17833 
 31506 
 73109 
 52991 
 74960 
 54059 
 63959 
 49207 
 16401 
 54596 
 60928 
 31659 
 21494 
 16518 
 25532 
 16834 
 24634 
 51379 
 42053 
 30710 
 25821 
 11971 
 18687 
 23464 
 58060 
 27637 
 23642 
 27876 
 24630 
 17886 
 47187 
 33821 
 31035 
 32467 
 24834 
 4518 
 38823 
 7183 
 4442 
 3665 
 
 1423529 
 
 Bush. 
 
 939408 
 
 1188931 
 
 1066658 
 
 96,5874 
 
 738624 
 
 636638 
 
 1118463 
 
 3070578 
 
 2056051 
 
 2743536 
 
 2119113 
 
 2807668 
 
 2337332 
 
 680641 
 
 2238436 
 
 2242150 
 
 1494305 
 
 1032290 
 
 611166 
 
 1072344 
 
 656526 
 
 1037091 
 
 2312055 
 
 1926027 
 
 1259110 
 
 957959 
 
 333991 
 
 607328 
 
 821240 
 
 1799860 
 
 884384 
 
 841655 
 
 1017474 
 
 800475 
 
 626010 
 
 1946464 
 
 1237848 
 
 1129674 
 
 1217512 
 
 1043028 
 
 149094 
 
 1358805 
 
 219081 
 
 145697 
 
 153930 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 24417 
 27982 
 32655 
 26253 
 19915 
 19209 
 32296 
 60123 
 49515 
 73112 
 48448 
 64416 
 45072 
 17167 
 45301 
 56920 
 30795 
 23565 
 17106 
 28198 
 17762 
 24579 
 56108 
 41305 
 30573 
 23363 
 12093 
 20396 
 27053 
 57085 
 25561 
 25137 
 30454 
 21832 
 333 
 52333 
 30215 
 28231 
 30676 
 24168 
 4646 
 37185 
 6700 
 2847 
 2315 
 
 55642524 1375415 
 
 39 
 
 Bush. 
 
 805761 
 
 1175244 
 
 12082.35 
 
 840096 
 
 657195 
 
 499434 
 
 1033472 
 
 2284674 
 
 1732990 
 
 2705144 
 
 1647232 
 
 2318976 
 
 1667664 
 
 686680 
 
 1947943 
 
 2276800 
 
 1231800 
 
 754080 
 
 632922 
 
 1099722 
 
 692718 
 
 983160 
 
 2412644 
 
 1321760 
 
 1253493 
 
 747616 
 
 314418 
 
 734256 
 
 919802 
 
 1883805 
 
 1022440 
 
 930089 
 
 1063890 
 
 502136 
 
 5661 
 
 2145653 
 
 1208600 
 
 1185702 
 
 1104336 
 
 821712 
 
 92920 
 
 1115550 
 
 234500 
 
 102492 
 
 92600 
 
 50097997 
 
 36.4 
 
17 
 
 RYE AND PEAS. 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area and Produce of Rye and 
 Peas in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 
 Eye. 
 
 Peas. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. , 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 
 739 
 
 288 
 
 1503 
 
 7649 
 
 1598 
 
 625 
 
 341 
 
 826 
 
 973 
 
 1738 
 
 4070 
 
 850 
 
 1701 
 
 1101 
 
 625 
 
 1597 
 
 938 
 
 1342 
 
 1058 
 
 1622 
 
 969 
 
 3244 
 
 4413 
 
 5972 
 
 10180 
 
 19560 
 
 14266 
 
 8962 
 
 7100 
 
 14553 
 
 2426 
 
 835 
 
 123 
 
 416 
 
 887 
 
 10080 
 
 10017 
 
 8244 
 
 2372 
 
 5638 
 
 490 
 
 24535 
 
 802 
 
 968 
 
 202 
 
 13671 
 
 4752 
 
 24649 
 
 93318 
 
 24130 
 
 9844 
 
 ■5683 
 
 11647 
 
 12649 
 
 26070 
 
 71225 
 
 12155 
 
 23814 
 
 15084 
 
 8750 
 
 20362 
 
 14351 
 
 22277 
 
 14283 
 
 24816 
 
 16473 
 
 59679 
 
 63105 
 
 98732 
 
 137430 
 
 266016 
 
 198297 
 
 141599 
 
 113600 
 
 257588 
 
 69383 
 
 21877 
 
 3050 
 
 7488 
 
 17740 
 
 156240 
 
 194329 
 
 174772 
 
 47440 
 
 90771 
 
 9800 
 
 368025 
 
 15398 
 
 20328 
 
 3030 
 
 312 
 
 398 
 
 1087 
 
 7907 
 
 2352 
 
 888 
 
 134 
 
 158 
 
 493 
 
 326 
 
 3547 
 
 462 
 
 1730 
 
 1240 
 
 122 
 
 1109 
 
 745 
 
 1463 
 
 760 
 
 1670 
 
 1272 
 
 3708 
 
 3418 
 
 5581 
 
 9332 
 
 15917 
 
 9459 
 
 8814 
 
 7676 
 
 16893 
 
 1991 
 
 1100 
 
 145 
 
 352 
 
 4088 
 
 13787 
 
 9792 
 
 13862 
 
 1848 
 
 4458 
 
 401 
 
 27424 
 
 369 
 
 336 
 
 105 
 
 6240 
 
 11144 
 
 22807 
 
 150233 
 
 47040 
 
 14208 
 
 2680 
 
 3160 
 
 9860 
 
 6520 
 
 85128 
 
 9240 
 
 25950 
 
 18660 
 
 2196 
 
 23289 
 
 14900 
 
 29260 
 
 11400 
 
 36740 
 
 21624 
 
 81576 
 
 61524 
 
 117201 
 
 167976 
 
 238755 
 
 122976 
 
 132210 
 
 153520 
 
 3378B0 
 
 53751 
 
 22000 
 
 1450 
 
 3520 
 
 81760 
 
 275740 
 
 225216 
 
 287322 
 
 33264 
 
 80244 
 
 6817 
 
 493632 
 
 11070 
 
 6720 
 
 1575 
 
 3350 
 
 4786 
 
 7224 
 
 9087 
 
 9541 
 
 2651 
 
 5307 
 
 27503 
 
 34789 
 
 43384 
 
 26316 
 
 15638 
 
 9599 
 
 6580 
 
 21541 
 
 34415 
 
 11428 
 
 9243 
 
 3228 
 
 8086 
 
 8597 
 
 9985 
 
 21782 
 
 22023 
 
 20025 
 
 16837 
 
 3922 
 
 6759 
 
 9618 
 
 6517 
 
 2323 
 
 2658 
 
 6261 
 
 11249 
 
 4223 
 
 12279 
 
 19999 
 
 10581 
 
 14888 
 
 13323 
 
 1485 
 
 15001 
 
 2484 
 
 1686 
 
 3512 
 
 61137 
 
 83755 
 
 87410 
 
 177196 
 
 165059 
 
 51164 
 
 65276 
 
 474427 
 
 841894 
 
 971802 
 
 634216 
 
 173582 
 
 167982 
 
 122388 
 
 280033 
 
 550640 
 
 250273 
 
 201498 
 
 61977 
 
 161720 
 
 232119 
 
 210683 
 
 \ 466135 
 
 466887 
 
 380486 
 
 348526 
 
 73734 
 
 144643 
 
 186589 
 
 129036 
 
 52267 
 
 58476 
 
 103306 
 
 179984 
 
 73947 
 
 245580 
 
 477976 
 
 252886 
 
 284361 
 
 289109 
 
 37125 
 
 270018 
 
 42973 
 
 36406 
 
 93770 
 
 2017 
 
 3328 
 
 8842 
 
 8080 
 
 12140 
 
 2914 
 
 4936 
 
 24244 
 
 32324 
 
 40177 
 
 28336 
 
 15410 
 
 11440 
 
 74.56 
 
 19998 
 
 34197 
 
 11325 
 
 10687 
 
 3448 
 
 8280 
 
 8382 
 
 10382 
 
 23760 
 
 25208 
 
 26520 
 
 21328 
 
 3874 
 
 8852 
 
 12580 
 
 6246 
 
 1658 
 
 2780 
 
 8102 
 
 14118 
 
 475 
 
 13716 
 
 16156 
 
 9778 
 
 14529 
 
 13209 
 
 1452 
 
 18886 
 
 1993 
 
 936 
 
 2658 
 
 44374 
 
 ;geiit ... 
 
 76544 
 
 
 159156 
 
 Korfolk 
 
 177760 
 
 
 194240 
 
 Welland 
 
 29140 
 
 
 88848 
 
 
 533368 
 
 
 711128 
 
 (Jrey 
 
 803.540 
 
 Simcoe ^ 
 
 566720 
 292790 
 
 
 251680 
 
 
 1267.52 
 
 Perth 
 
 439956 
 820728 
 
 
 249150 
 
 
 181679 
 
 
 55168 
 
 Wentworth ...,., 
 
 Halton ,. . 
 
 156940 
 176022 
 
 Peel 
 
 207640 
 
 York ... 
 
 475200 
 
 
 428536 
 
 
 530400 
 
 
 298592 
 
 
 42614 
 
 
 185892 
 
 Frontenac ^ 
 
 251600 
 124920 
 
 
 36476 
 
 
 55600 
 
 
 137734 
 
 Preseotfc ■ 
 
 127062 
 
 
 19000 
 
 
 288036 
 
 
 323120 
 
 
 254228 
 
 
 290580 
 
 
 264180 
 
 
 21780 
 
 Hastino'a 
 
 302176 
 
 
 43846 
 
 
 18720 
 
 
 79740 
 
 
 188438 
 
 3005720 
 16 
 
 189031 
 
 3549898 
 18.8 
 
 541713 
 
 10720450 
 19.8 
 
 557157 
 
 10943355 
 
 
 19.6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
18 
 
 CORN, BUCKWHEAT, BEANS AND HAY. 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area under Corn, Buckwheat 
 and Beans in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883 ; also the Area and Produce of 
 Hay and Clover in the same years. 
 
 
 COBN. 
 
 BnOKWHEAT. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 Hat and Glovbe. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 31564 
 
 26416 
 
 16201 
 
 16433 
 
 3262 
 
 8643 
 
 8956 
 
 2912 
 
 613 
 
 544 
 
 958 
 
 13495 
 
 11582 
 
 6220 
 
 1135 
 
 913 
 
 2240 
 
 175 
 
 7902 
 
 5978 
 
 1358 
 
 494 
 
 1773 
 
 3035 
 
 2608 
 
 5187 
 
 10494 
 
 2884 
 1680 
 5260 
 1528 
 1285 
 
 925 
 1417 
 
 559 
 1134 
 
 655 
 1661 
 
 524 
 
 328 
 
 156 
 7618 
 
 298 
 85 
 90 
 
 27088 
 
 23390 
 
 15.598 
 
 17152 
 
 2779 
 
 8315 
 
 8386 
 
 1915 
 
 365 
 
 335 
 
 768 
 
 123?3 
 
 10644 
 
 6459 
 
 906 
 
 461 
 
 2493 
 
 53 
 
 6322 
 
 6342 
 
 1585 
 
 462 
 
 1930 
 
 3343 
 
 2418 
 
 3915 
 
 9169 
 
 3856 
 
 2307 
 
 5830 
 
 1663 
 
 1847 
 
 1054 
 
 1620 
 
 644 
 
 1316 
 
 712 
 
 1929 
 
 504 
 
 290 
 
 207 
 
 7842 
 
 261 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 936 
 
 977 
 
 1425 
 
 5413 
 
 944 
 
 1869 
 
 424 
 
 380 
 
 396 
 
 457 
 
 244 
 
 499 
 
 822 
 
 808 
 
 77 
 
 193 
 
 143 
 
 36 
 
 1236 
 
 994 
 
 226 
 
 375 
 
 317 
 
 444 
 
 738 
 
 3634 
 
 4844 
 
 2755 
 
 1614 
 
 6547 
 
 1376 
 
 2703 
 
 1690 
 
 2081 
 
 981 
 
 3434 
 
 1437 
 
 7347 
 
 293 
 
 660 
 
 248 
 
 4973 
 
 335 
 
 127 
 
 259 
 
 245 
 
 623 
 
 1017 
 
 4592 
 
 411 
 
 1524 
 
 354 
 
 197 
 
 245 
 
 214 
 
 271 
 
 386 
 
 524 
 
 646 
 
 24 
 
 188 
 
 55 
 
 31 
 
 702 
 
 826 
 
 202 
 
 257 
 
 211 
 
 365 
 
 543 
 
 2427 
 
 3188 
 
 1778 
 1434 
 4905 
 
 976 
 2372 
 1764 
 1586 
 
 195 
 3034 
 
 988 
 6269 
 
 303 
 
 404 
 
 321 
 2635 
 
 273 
 21 
 60 
 
 392 
 
 10868 
 
 1277 
 
 1978 
 
 232 
 
 1354 
 
 392 
 
 115 
 
 169 
 
 127 
 
 139 
 
 511 
 
 5-26 
 
 1273 
 
 40 
 
 71 
 
 99 
 
 15 
 
 180 
 
 151 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 202 
 
 619 
 
 645 
 
 684 
 
 335 
 
 99 
 230 
 281 
 194 
 
 63 
 201 
 622 
 251 
 353 
 479 
 225 
 176 
 
 79 
 
 17 
 263 
 
 56 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 240 
 
 6807 
 
 952 
 
 1188 
 
 213 
 
 810 
 
 270 
 
 39 
 
 57 
 
 156 
 
 62 
 
 464 
 
 276 
 
 952 
 
 65 
 
 13 
 
 32 
 
 16 
 
 138 
 
 203 
 
 33 
 
 79 
 
 1.39 
 
 549 
 
 329 
 
 714 
 
 497 
 
 270 
 456 
 430 
 188 
 107 
 118 
 712 
 195 
 422 
 517 
 360 
 133 
 130 
 
 23 
 363 
 
 44 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 38020 
 53319 
 53433 
 49735 
 55724 
 47283 
 52429 
 101397 
 . 86327 
 113593 
 80108 
 97557 
 68076 
 39290 
 77446 
 91042 
 49808 
 32037 
 42221 
 51110 
 37979 
 43807 
 77887 
 59748 
 50719 
 57480 
 30906 
 
 43799 
 60014 
 103556 
 33097 
 28496 
 32834 
 29456 
 19666 
 56591 
 62003 
 53385 
 39866 
 39805 
 10006 
 65370 
 
 63950 
 
 85150 
 
 85012 
 
 77686 
 
 89170 
 
 66338 
 
 90178 
 
 162337 
 
 133634 
 
 179383 
 
 141310 
 
 176383 
 
 121564 
 
 73669 
 
 140022 
 
 183085 
 
 96296 
 
 62110 
 
 50665 
 
 98642 
 
 68837 
 
 92652 
 
 136302 
 
 104559 
 
 96366 
 
 87829 
 
 51767 
 
 75553 
 
 111026 
 
 192991 
 
 69141 
 
 57892 
 
 73876 
 
 58912 
 
 ' 36874 
 
 94318 
 
 112349 
 
 105595 
 
 68342 
 
 70654 
 
 13341 
 
 1089.30 
 
 26518 
 39082 
 41145 
 33741 
 40610 
 40111 
 39526 
 71445 
 61746 
 93429 
 60566 
 78574 
 57306 
 29390 
 52310 
 65107 
 36115 
 27416 
 33952 
 40415 
 286-29 
 29111 
 59832 
 41326 
 3398& 
 38215 
 21335 
 
 3,3232 
 55556 
 93048 
 27876 
 28247 
 32439 
 22158 
 13108 
 50264 
 51849 
 49261 
 28103 
 30689 
 9162 
 55404 
 12004 
 6596 
 5953 
 
 3551S 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 53808 
 51370 
 38110 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton . .... 
 
 44240 
 42850 
 47145 
 
 Huron 
 
 78403 
 64882 
 
 Grey 
 
 93217 
 
 
 70307 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 102454 
 
 Oxford 
 
 74712 
 
 Brant 
 
 33112 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 65358 
 79199 
 42759 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 31326 
 
 
 38876 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 51913 
 35625 
 35095 
 
 York 
 
 76300 
 
 
 .32552 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland . . . 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Adding- 
 ton 
 
 38844 
 42925 
 22069 
 
 34488 
 
 
 58183 
 
 Leeds andGrenville. 
 
 100227 
 35B29 
 
 Stonnont '. . 
 
 35010 
 
 
 40407 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Eussell 
 
 Harleton 
 
 25104 
 14968 
 57125 
 
 "Renfrew ■ . . . ( 
 
 44513 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 TTastines 
 
 47489 
 31156 
 31833 
 8493 
 58009 
 
 
 20384 .^34.361 
 
 11751 
 
 Algoma 
 
 10136 
 10556 
 
 15204 
 14075 
 
 6927 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 6046 
 
 Total 
 
 219178 
 
 20,6924 
 
 67711 
 
 49586 
 
 26124 
 
 19787 
 
 2359521 
 
 4127419 
 
 1825890 
 
 2090626 
 
 
 
19 
 
 ROOTS. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area and Produce of Potatoes 
 and IVtangold Wurtzels in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 1 
 
 Mangold Wurtzels. 
 
 COUNTIES. 1 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 1 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 3149 
 3801 
 3051 
 3724 
 1653 
 2358 
 3039 
 5813 
 5168 
 7613 
 7075 
 6382 
 3920 
 2196 
 4823 
 6561 
 3247 
 3118 
 2209 
 4159 
 1773 
 3036 
 8488 
 4322 
 3350 
 4749 
 2640 
 3461 
 4165 
 7941 
 2.547 
 1969 
 2573 
 2295 
 1669 
 5831 
 3935 
 2682 
 3095 
 2477 
 716 
 6603 
 1272 
 901 
 743 
 
 283410 
 429513 
 216621 
 346332 
 198360 
 261738 
 258315 
 467440 
 629276 
 730848 
 757025 
 504178 
 239121 
 252640 
 217035 
 656100 
 285736 
 442766 
 165675 
 453331 
 230490 
 261096 
 585672 
 350082 
 268000 
 474900 
 277200 
 242270 
 333200 
 770277 
 269982 
 259908 
 321625 
 257040 
 124425 
 583100 
 487910 
 478660 
 315690 
 267516 
 
 53700 
 732933 
 '1462.S0 
 119833 
 
 99562 
 
 2474 
 3400 
 3165 
 3862 
 1531 
 2723 
 3150 
 5215 
 5042 
 7536 
 6535 
 6562 
 3660 
 2337 
 4225 
 5804 
 3114 
 2724 
 1888 
 3602 
 1768 
 2628 
 8152 
 3964 
 3147 
 3797 
 2489 
 3682 
 5013 
 7560 
 2647 
 2352 
 2749 
 2505 
 1408 
 6217 
 3512 
 3485 
 2844 
 2466 
 900 
 6750 
 1020 
 556 
 540 
 
 316880 
 656200 
 300675 
 696060 
 168410 
 239514 
 315000 
 834400 
 403360 
 828960 
 588150 
 753060 
 512400 
 186960 
 507000 
 725500 
 404820 
 367740 
 141600 
 432240 
 121000 
 249660 
 662160 
 376580 
 503620 
 341730 
 124950 
 . 460250 
 501300 
 680400 
 .381613 
 376320 
 192430 
 105210 
 140800 
 796776 
 649720 
 540175 
 364032 
 283690 
 121600 
 742500 
 137700 
 83400 
 126900 
 
 167 
 
 126 
 
 268 
 
 155 
 
 77 
 
 151 
 
 316 
 
 1435 
 
 554 
 
 470 
 
 909 
 
 1122 
 
 989 
 
 292 
 
 1288 
 
 760 
 
 489 
 
 120 
 
 156 
 
 484 
 
 423 
 
 410 
 
 1510 
 
 819 
 
 479 
 
 437 
 
 124 
 
 214 
 
 97 
 
 222 
 
 103 
 
 24 
 
 67 
 
 24 
 
 66 
 
 565 
 
 140 
 
 175 
 
 476 
 
 266 
 
 5 
 
 178 
 
 41 
 
 36 
 
 19 
 
 50100 
 
 32382 
 
 46096 
 
 13960 
 
 18788 
 
 52850 
 
 72680 
 
 519470 
 
 222680 
 
 206800 
 
 289062 
 
 401676 
 
 333293 
 
 130816 
 
 302392 
 
 2B9S00 
 
 202446 
 
 42000 
 
 53040 
 
 254100 
 
 126900 
 
 118900 
 
 712720 
 
 360360 
 
 210760 
 
 177859 
 
 20584 
 
 85000 
 
 38800 
 
 9 -.460 
 
 42436 
 
 7200 
 
 2U100 
 
 7200 
 
 16500 
 
 226000 
 
 60620 
 
 53025 
 
 180880 
 
 84688 
 
 1600 
 
 44600 
 
 14350 
 
 7200 
 
 5700 
 
 103 
 233 
 
 188 
 
 104 
 
 89 
 
 161 
 
 384 
 
 1145 
 
 491 
 
 396 
 
 535 
 
 930 
 
 856 
 
 205 
 
 1269 
 
 786 
 
 511 
 
 77 
 
 134 
 
 398 
 
 345 
 
 422 
 
 1770 
 
 1042 
 
 469 
 
 352 
 
 94 
 
 40 
 
 150 
 
 141 
 
 97 
 
 39 
 
 76 
 
 55 
 
 62 
 
 595 
 
 75 
 
 152 
 
 394 
 
 235 
 
 8 
 
 167 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 56650 
 72230 
 
 
 70500 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 36400 
 
 
 19580 
 
 WeUand 
 
 46690 
 153600 
 
 
 651650 
 
 Bruce 
 
 225860 
 
 Grey 
 
 198000 
 
 Simooe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 240750 
 418500 
 
 Oxford 
 
 599200 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth .... 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 92250 
 653535 
 471600 
 370475 
 
 38500 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 56280 
 
 
 212930 
 
 Halton 
 
 167325 
 
 Peel 
 
 232100 
 
 York 
 
 858450 
 312600 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 248570 
 
 197120 
 
 4700 
 
 Lennox and Addington . . 
 
 8000 
 54750 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 JDundae 
 
 69090 
 54805 
 22055 
 
 Glengarry . . . , , 
 
 15200 
 i7500 
 
 Russell 
 
 9100 
 
 
 243950 
 
 
 37500 
 
 
 86640 
 
 
 236400 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 84600 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 ■3360 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 47100 
 1925 
 
 
 1660 
 
 
 1^50 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 167302 
 
 16106731 
 
 160700 
 
 18432145 
 
 17248 
 
 6233163 
 
 15791 
 
 7711420 
 
 Average yield per acre . . . 
 
 
 96.27 
 
 
 114.7 
 
 
 361.38 
 
 
 
 488.44 
 
20 
 
 EOOTS. 
 
 TABLE No. VI. — Showing by County Municipalities the Area and Produce of Carrots 
 and Turnips in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimaud 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 •Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington . 
 
 Prontenae 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Preseott ^. ... 
 
 Hussell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Kenfrew , 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals . 
 
 Cahrots. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. Bush. 
 
 Average yield per acre. 
 
 55 
 
 102 
 
 116 
 
 124 
 
 65 
 
 64 
 
 156 
 
 590 
 
 410 
 
 772 
 
 769 
 
 505 
 
 404 
 
 212 
 
 423 
 
 383 
 
 390 
 
 200 
 
 92 
 
 248 
 
 117 
 
 342 
 
 898 
 
 607 
 
 583 
 
 275 
 
 51 
 
 40 
 
 131 
 
 168 
 
 41 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 
 95 
 
 557 
 
 143 
 
 146 
 
 266 
 
 371 
 
 23 
 
 114 
 
 85 
 
 58 
 
 34 
 
 11292 
 
 ' 11000 
 
 22316 
 
 13340 
 
 .n5800 
 
 7540 
 
 10112 
 
 28548 
 
 213300 
 
 150470 
 
 328100 
 
 284530 
 
 143925 
 
 170488 
 
 79500 
 
 102789 
 
 100346 
 
 169650 
 
 80000 
 
 29900 
 
 107384 
 
 46800 
 
 82080 
 
 370874 
 
 256154 
 
 224455 
 
 91575 
 
 9945 
 
 ' .8000 
 
 32750 
 
 50400 
 
 12300 
 
 2600 
 
 4500 
 
 10850 
 
 28500 
 
 222800 
 
 54769 
 
 40588 
 
 96292 
 
 125398 
 
 5750 
 
 28500 
 
 19720 • 
 
 10150 
 
 6800 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. Bush. 
 
 3951588 
 
 349.45 
 
 24 
 
 103 
 
 125 
 
 84 
 
 44 
 
 73 
 
 171 
 
 525 
 
 315 
 
 515 
 
 499 
 
 384 
 
 344 
 
 226 
 
 497 
 
 261 
 
 336 
 
 129 
 
 104 
 
 223 
 
 129 
 
 395 
 
 927 
 
 542 
 
 521 
 
 234 
 
 40 
 
 52 
 
 153 
 
 117 
 
 51 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 47 
 
 77 
 
 594 
 
 99 
 
 161 
 
 266 
 
 343 
 
 6 
 
 130 
 
 31 
 
 10 
 
 9955 
 
 TCKNIPS. 
 
 7200 
 
 25750 
 
 31250 
 
 21000 
 
 7040 
 
 20005 
 
 51300 
 
 237250 
 
 126000 
 
 158650 
 
 212070 
 
 144000 
 
 199520 
 
 113000 
 
 236075 
 
 125280 
 
 218400 
 
 51600 
 
 37440 
 
 89200 
 
 56760 
 
 207375 
 
 441075 
 
 94850 
 
 221240 
 
 105300 
 
 3000 
 
 22360 
 
 35955 
 
 46800 
 
 25500 
 
 7500 
 
 4050 
 
 10105 
 
 21175 
 
 228690 
 
 43065 
 
 81305 
 
 83790 
 
 109760 
 
 1740 
 
 32500 
 
 10850 
 
 2000 
 
 1200 
 
 4009975 
 
 402.8 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. Bush. 
 
 222 
 
 308 
 
 317 
 
 588 
 
 67 
 
 119 
 
 290 
 
 7483 
 
 5722 
 
 8955 
 
 3087 
 
 1751 
 
 5181 
 
 2084 
 
 5694 
 
 14213 
 
 5188 
 
 2438 
 
 154 
 
 1969 
 
 1479 
 
 1149 
 
 2847 
 
 10217 
 
 4552 
 
 2458 
 
 79 
 
 143 
 
 240 
 
 176 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 53 
 
 240 
 
 1308 
 
 535 
 
 416 
 
 3113 
 
 863 
 
 339 
 
 564 
 
 780 
 
 623 
 
 491 
 
 98558 
 
 44000 
 
 74536 
 
 > 38723 
 
 235200 
 
 19430 
 
 35700 
 
 72500 
 
 2213968 
 
 2117140 
 
 3510360 
 
 1012536 
 
 567324 
 
 1015476 
 
 750240 
 
 797160 
 
 3624315 
 
 1271060 
 
 670450 
 
 46200 
 
 799414 
 
 572373 
 
 241290 
 
 711750 
 
 3575950 
 
 1820800 
 
 823430 
 
 8848 
 
 21450 
 
 42000 
 
 72512 
 
 10850 
 
 2800 
 
 8960 
 
 12349 
 
 60000 
 
 392400 
 
 160600 
 
 147680 
 
 778250 
 
 327940 
 
 61020 
 
 112800 
 
 193440 
 
 176309 
 
 186580 
 
 29432013 
 
 1882. 
 
 Acres. Bush. 
 
 298.62 
 
 200 
 
 253 
 
 358 
 
 558 
 63 
 
 183 
 
 341 
 5498 
 3915 
 7000 
 2213 I 
 1646 
 4417 
 1648 
 4225 
 11149 
 4822 
 1836 
 
 144 
 1612 
 1125 
 
 976 
 2461 
 8961 
 3746 
 1945 
 
 137 
 
 150 
 
 267 
 
 291 
 78 
 37 
 13 
 58 
 
 143 
 1235 
 
 218 
 
 265 
 2312 
 
 740 
 
 306 
 
 498 
 
 383 
 
 203 
 
 194 
 
 78823 
 
 79400.-, 
 
 97851 . 
 
 143200r^, 
 
 279000 
 
 13230 ■ 
 
 83070 
 
 119350 
 
 2529080 
 
 1624725 
 
 2870000 
 
 962625 
 
 691320 
 
 2650200 
 
 971840 
 
 2028000 
 
 6243440 
 
 2700320 
 
 918000 
 
 54020 
 
 765700 
 
 675Q00 
 
 468480 
 
 935180 
 
 2464275 
 
 1788350 
 
 447350 
 
 13700 
 
 45000 
 
 69420 
 
 93120 
 
 21860 
 
 8880 
 
 1950 
 
 21750 
 
 35750 
 
 481650 , 
 
 97010 
 
 111300 
 
 1051960 
 
 259000 
 
 61200 
 
 82170 
 
 139795 
 
 60900 
 
 , 99910 
 
 35359331 
 
 448.6 
 
21 
 
 HORSES. 
 
 TABLE Ne. VII. — Showing by County Municipalities the number of Working Horses, 
 Breeding Mares and Unbroken Horses in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Working Hobsbb. 
 
 Bbeedinq Mabes. 
 
 Unbeoken Hobses. 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 8123 
 
 10595 
 
 8506 
 
 7476 
 
 5998 
 
 5454 
 
 7673 
 
 15977 
 
 11835 
 
 14960 
 
 13995 
 
 15439 
 
 10941 
 
 5572 
 
 11993 
 
 12981 
 
 7947 
 
 4701 
 
 5488 
 
 7674 
 
 5275 
 
 7111 
 
 14365 
 
 10958 
 
 8692 
 
 10025 
 
 6479 
 
 6328 
 
 5711 
 
 11327 
 
 4722 
 
 3968 
 
 5221 
 
 4083 
 
 30.38 
 
 8040 
 
 6314 
 
 6257 
 
 8460 
 
 6023 
 
 619 
 
 11478 
 
 1034 
 
 667 
 
 758 
 
 7309 
 
 9574 
 
 8695 
 
 7448 
 
 5787 
 
 5625 
 
 7518 
 
 14162 
 
 10808 
 
 15212 
 
 13242 
 
 15826 
 
 10936 
 
 5513 
 
 10440 
 
 12516 
 
 7554 
 
 4912 
 
 5276 
 
 7426 
 
 5318 
 
 6781 
 
 14254 
 
 10545 
 
 8846 
 
 9515 
 
 5924 
 
 6808 
 
 6428 
 
 10755 
 
 4518 
 
 4035 
 
 4992 
 
 4000 
 
 2171 
 
 7766 
 
 5964 
 
 5617 
 
 7241 
 
 6216 
 
 701 
 
 11087 
 
 917 
 
 305 
 
 649 
 
 2575 
 • 2813 
 2137 
 1898 
 1479 
 1074 
 1854 
 4866 
 2943 
 3625 
 3703 
 4362 
 2779 
 1330 
 3291 
 3269 
 1842 
 1000 
 1208 
 1648 
 1155 
 1823 
 4042 
 3534 
 2012 
 1897 
 - 1402 
 1175 
 1193 
 2421 
 1083 
 915 
 1597 
 1419 
 1005 
 2007 
 1561 
 1408 
 2023 
 1202 
 124 
 2082 
 276 
 184 
 ; 206 
 
 1791 
 1990 
 1702 
 1346 
 1368 
 932 
 1566 
 S440 
 2317 
 3100 
 2981 
 3568 
 2306 
 1141 
 2403 
 2864 
 1630 
 1006 
 1020 
 1433 
 970 
 1499 
 3582 
 2577 
 1835 
 1373 
 1034 
 986 
 1176 
 1852 
 824 
 762 
 1323 
 1152 
 765 
 1657 
 1004 
 1140 
 1741 
 1107 
 116 
 1803 
 200 
 75 
 139 
 
 3652 
 3770 
 3241 
 2699 
 2292 
 2024 
 2958 
 6266 
 4307 
 4685 
 4873 
 5788 
 3902 
 1923 
 4165 
 4849 
 2569 
 1646 
 1950 
 2446 
 1486 
 2291 
 5200 
 4254 
 3216 
 3222 
 2048 
 1950 
 1884 
 4002 
 1883 
 1542 
 1878 
 1619 
 1338 
 2813 
 19.56 
 2172 
 2660 
 1867 
 151 
 3331 
 i 281 
 i 136 
 , 223 
 
 2652 
 
 
 2740 
 
 Elgin 
 
 2542 
 
 Nnrfnllc ■ 
 
 2221 
 
 
 1900 
 
 WeUand 
 
 1489 
 2397 
 
 Huron - . 
 
 4882 
 3036 
 
 Qxey . , 
 
 4004 
 
 
 3940 
 
 
 4.S49 
 
 Oxford 
 
 3352 
 1547 
 
 Perth • ' 
 
 3170 
 
 Wellington - 
 
 3486 
 2104 
 
 "DnfFpriTi . . 
 
 1290 
 
 
 1440 
 
 
 1853 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel . 
 
 1222 
 2003- 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 4227 
 3268 
 2492 
 2070 
 
 
 1682 
 
 
 1776 
 
 
 1828 
 
 Leeds and Grrenville 
 
 2765 
 1220 
 
 
 1287 
 
 
 1674 
 
 Bussell ... 
 
 1287 
 729 
 
 
 1 2052 
 
 
 ; 1199 
 
 
 1516 
 
 
 ; 1971 
 
 
 1861 
 
 
 152 
 
 HaBtines ■. 
 
 3007 
 
 
 195 
 
 
 J. 66 
 
 
 133 
 
 
 
 
 ' 350181 
 
 336932 
 
 87442 
 
 70596 
 
 123408 
 
 1 
 
 96076 
 
 
 
22 
 
 GEADE AND NATIVE CATTLE. 
 
 TABLE No. VIII. — Showing by County Municipalities the number of Oxen, Milch 
 Cows, Store Cattle, and young and other Cattle (grade and native stock) in the Prov- 
 ince of Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk , 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 liambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Crrey 
 
 Simeoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton ;...... 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Eenfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound , 
 
 Algoma 
 
 WOBKINO 
 
 Oxen. 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 Totals 
 
 270 
 124 
 223 
 352 
 101 
 232 
 
 21 
 660 
 1114 
 2794 
 785 
 124 
 189 
 
 18 
 248 
 685 
 145 
 308 
 163 
 279 
 264 
 
 51 
 185 
 116 
 114 
 405 
 
 27 
 508 
 492 
 185 
 
 42 
 
 10 
 
 93 
 
 28 
 
 21 
 
 331 
 
 87 
 
 257 
 
 493 
 
 406 
 
 1704 
 
 922 
 
 837 
 
 673 
 
 17086 
 
 253 
 
 161 
 
 277 
 
 348 
 
 75 
 
 156 
 
 35 
 
 497 
 
 847 
 
 2479 
 
 852 
 
 96 
 
 96 
 
 30 
 
 214 
 
 567 
 
 156 
 
 378 
 
 92 
 
 247 
 
 266 
 
 46 
 
 146 
 
 149 
 
 99 
 
 292 
 
 46 
 
 454 
 
 476 
 
 92 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 37 
 
 26 
 
 34 
 
 216 
 
 149 
 
 2*!2 
 
 294 
 
 479 
 
 1638 
 
 664 
 
 378 
 
 414 
 
 Milch 
 Cows. 
 
 1883. 1882, 
 
 14566 
 
 10726 
 
 17909 
 
 15563 
 
 13761 
 
 10353 
 
 7828 
 
 15459 
 
 29.383 
 
 24283 
 
 29823 
 
 22017 
 
 30890 
 
 30847 
 
 9226 
 
 24942 
 
 23228 
 
 12325 
 
 7748 
 
 8014 
 
 12226 
 
 8065 
 
 9841 
 
 18949 
 
 15614 
 
 11997 
 
 17625 
 
 8503 
 
 11949 
 
 14135 
 
 38754 
 
 14752 
 
 13219 
 
 17379 
 
 9818 
 
 7165 
 
 18891 
 
 16432 
 
 16620 
 
 12491 
 
 11929 
 
 1815 
 
 32115 
 
 3393 
 
 1978 
 
 1824 
 
 9680 
 
 16960 
 
 17210 
 
 13812 
 
 10092 
 
 7545 
 
 15689 
 
 26517 
 
 21998 
 
 28432 
 
 20814 
 
 33132 
 
 29834 
 
 9198 
 
 21960 
 
 21599 
 
 12495 
 
 8427 
 
 7360 
 
 11850 
 
 8408 
 
 9752 
 
 18931 
 
 14888 
 
 12125 
 
 14956 
 
 8507 
 
 12042 
 
 15380 
 
 38000 
 
 13304 
 
 12915 
 
 17218 
 
 9361 
 
 5144 
 
 18380 
 
 14591 
 
 15833 
 
 11568 
 
 11165 
 
 2265 
 
 31082 
 
 2604 
 
 1054 
 
 1305 
 
 691808 665382 
 
 Stobe 
 
 Cattle 
 
 OVBB 2 t'bs. 
 
 1883. I 1882. 
 
 50471 
 
 11402 
 
 108791 
 
 4191 
 
 44331 
 
 2801 
 
 12,350 
 
 22327 
 
 15191 
 
 18883 
 
 12796 
 
 28456 
 
 11779 
 
 3402 
 
 15041 
 
 15070 
 
 5237 
 
 5317 
 
 2624 
 
 4124 
 
 5359 
 
 5374 
 
 7551 
 
 9095 
 
 6004 
 
 5746 
 
 1696 
 
 3792 
 
 4313 
 
 8896 
 
 24.o3 
 
 2024 
 
 2320 
 
 2284 
 
 2205 
 
 7114 
 
 7394 
 
 67.59 
 
 6503 
 
 5367 
 
 715 
 
 56,54 
 
 1590 
 
 855 
 
 741 
 
 4633 
 
 8622 
 
 9730 
 
 4016 
 
 3815 
 
 2597 
 
 11145 
 
 17504 
 
 11364 
 
 16669 
 
 10174 
 
 24340 
 
 10634 
 
 3418 
 
 10780 
 
 13125 
 
 4653 
 
 4852 
 
 2458 
 
 3378 
 
 4075 
 
 4533 
 
 6L89 
 
 7191 
 
 5706 
 
 4842 
 
 1503 
 
 4071 
 
 4763 
 
 7978 
 
 2637 
 
 1562 
 
 21.57 
 
 1939 
 
 1462 
 
 6471 
 
 6569 
 
 5280 
 
 4515 
 
 4207 
 
 834 
 
 6080 
 
 992 
 
 366 
 
 379 
 
 YotJNG 
 
 and otheb 
 Cattle. 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 322164 272208 
 
 14088 
 
 23698 
 
 21173 
 
 15244 
 
 12886 
 
 8570 
 
 24597 
 
 48086 
 
 37904 
 
 46062 
 
 30413 
 
 44.521 
 
 26640 
 
 10916 
 
 36798 
 
 35190 
 
 16447 
 
 12227 
 
 8496 
 
 12565 
 
 10341 
 
 11194 
 
 18476 
 
 22322 
 
 15850 
 
 16095 
 
 6024 
 
 9470 
 
 11669 
 
 22932 
 
 8948 
 
 7866 
 
 9941 
 
 7161 
 
 6948 
 
 17391 
 
 20183 
 
 17867 
 
 16192 
 
 13270 
 
 2774 
 
 20422 
 
 6111 
 
 3078 
 
 2903 
 
 790949 
 
 10292 
 
 17656 
 
 184.52 
 
 11360 
 
 9952 
 
 6564 
 
 20262 
 
 36303 
 
 26405 
 
 36078 
 
 23092 
 
 37412 
 
 20766 
 
 8585 
 
 27225 
 
 29466 
 
 14247 
 
 10707 
 
 6004 
 
 10007 
 
 9073 
 
 9288 
 
 14191 
 
 19600 
 
 13901 
 
 11173 
 
 4295 
 
 7524 
 
 11220 
 
 14994 
 
 6284 
 
 5530 
 
 7405 
 
 5733 
 
 3602 
 
 13537 
 
 13744 
 
 13993 
 
 12327 
 
 10917 
 
 2715 
 
 13756 
 
 3028 
 
 13951 
 
 1497 
 
 Totals. 
 
 1883. 1882. 
 
 610527 
 
 30131 
 53133 
 47838 
 33552 
 27773 
 19431 
 52427 
 
 100456 
 78492 
 97562 
 66011 
 
 103991 
 694.55 
 23562 
 77029 
 74173 
 341,54 
 23600 
 19297 
 29194 
 24029 
 26460 
 46161 
 47147 
 33965 
 39871' 
 16250 
 25719 
 30609 
 70767 
 26195 
 23109 
 29650 
 19356 
 16346 
 43417 
 44340 
 41333 
 34443 
 31059 
 5710 
 59895 
 11016 
 6748 
 6141 
 
 1821997 
 
 24858 
 43399 
 45669 
 29526 
 23934 
 16852 
 47131 
 80821 
 60614 
 83658 
 64932 
 94980 
 61320 
 21231 
 60179 
 64757 
 31561 
 24364 
 15914 
 25482 
 21822 
 23619 
 39457 
 41828 
 31831 
 31263 
 14351 
 24091 
 31839 
 61064 
 21240 
 20017 
 26788 
 17070 
 10234 
 37422 
 84120 
 36255 
 28692 
 26583 
 6293 
 52556 
 7288 
 3193 
 
 1562683 
 
23 
 
 SHEEP. 
 
 TABLE No. IX. — Showing by County Municipalities the number of Coarse and Fine 
 wooUed Sheep in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 
 Coarse Woolled. 
 
 Fine Woolled. 
 
 Tot 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Over 1 year. 
 
 Under 1 year. 
 
 Over 1 year. 
 
 Under 1 year. 
 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 13046 
 22619 
 26368 
 18040 
 19425 
 12011 
 27841 
 56431 
 47561 
 66810 
 42263 
 47189 
 25699 
 15674 
 39029 
 50378 
 22602 
 16018 
 10702 
 16854 
 12299 
 16503 
 
 11248 
 20742 
 26237 
 16955 
 17255 
 
 6841 
 12076 
 14047 
 
 9877 
 11.358 
 
 7503 
 
 13484 
 
 19002 
 
 13015 
 
 12848 
 
 7496 
 
 21278 
 
 37108 
 
 31620 
 
 42651 
 
 24624 
 
 35480 
 
 20488 
 
 125.33 
 
 28786 
 
 32782 
 
 16378 
 
 11119 
 
 6686 
 
 11030 
 
 8829 
 
 11668 
 
 18702 
 
 16887 
 
 14356 
 
 13670 
 
 6561 
 
 10934 
 
 14516 
 
 25071 
 
 6125 
 
 5400 
 
 8312 
 
 6957 
 
 3705 
 
 22595 
 
 14521 
 
 20464 
 
 12430 
 
 11305 
 
 1778 
 3755 
 2667 
 3796 
 2954 
 2940 
 2916 
 3896 
 5893 
 7848 
 5850 
 4526 
 2585 
 2562 
 4539 
 6139 
 3992 
 2032 
 2046 
 2432 
 1236 
 1106 
 3920 
 5197 
 1807 
 2634 
 3083 
 3588 
 3328 
 8395 
 2815 
 3066 
 3886 
 2575 
 2012 
 4943 
 5342 
 2534 
 3020 
 1460 
 730 
 6722 
 991 
 424 
 505 
 
 1393 
 3382 
 3015 
 ■ 3810 
 3474 
 2666 
 3957 
 7431 
 7357 
 11671 
 5654 
 5762 
 2896 
 2637 
 5974 
 5432 
 3378 
 2873 
 2356 
 2169 
 1355 
 1635 
 41.56 
 4229 
 2855 
 3144 
 3301 
 3528 
 4749 
 10166 
 3720 
 2997 
 4847 
 2989 
 1861 
 5977 
 8583 
 3607 
 3980 
 2318 
 924 
 8505 
 754 
 581 
 251 
 
 922 
 2425 
 1875 
 2684 
 2060 
 2003 
 1819 
 3005 
 4013 
 4868 
 3715 
 3402 
 2216 
 1470 
 2899 
 4524 
 2782 
 1218 
 1339 
 1870 
 915 
 956 
 3121 
 3594 
 1029 
 1728 
 2009 
 1980 
 1693 
 5122 
 1546 
 1438 
 1859 
 1589 
 863 
 2752 
 2494 
 1718 
 1645 
 740 
 530 
 3763 
 673 
 313 
 272 
 
 980 
 2343 
 2178 
 2900 
 2982 
 2104 
 3135 
 5646 
 5972 
 9100 
 4020 
 4372 
 2132 
 1945 
 4200 
 3891 
 2721 
 2001 
 1548 
 1622 
 1186 
 1124 
 3193 
 3123 
 1823 
 2325 
 2244 
 2192 
 3412 
 7699 
 2432 
 1882 
 2119 
 2109 
 1365 
 4850 
 5213 
 2109 
 2433 
 1644 
 781 
 5493 
 574 
 216 
 166 
 
 22587 
 40875 
 44957 
 34397 
 35797 
 23769 
 49751 
 98200 
 86538 
 119132 
 73758 
 81563 
 44461 
 29447 
 71371 
 90389 
 42204 
 28504 
 20273 
 30435 
 21470 
 27937 
 52031 
 49966 
 36948 
 36217 
 19727 
 29577 
 36229 
 76498 
 25239 
 18506 
 27970 
 20046 
 15839 
 53160 
 59480 
 61473 
 36596 
 30565 
 4830 
 47441 
 8960 
 2659 
 4112 
 
 21124 
 
 Kent 
 
 39951 
 
 Elgin , 
 
 50432 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 36680 
 
 
 36559 
 
 Welland 
 
 11059; 6815 
 27408! 17175 
 46215, 34868 
 397561 29071 
 54788 39606 
 
 23325 
 
 Lambton. 
 
 55778 
 96400 
 
 
 84705 
 
 Grey 
 
 118210 
 
 
 35962 
 47002 
 26580 
 17352 
 33945 
 44992 
 
 21930 
 26446 
 13961 
 9741 
 24904 
 29348 
 
 70260 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 92616 
 
 Oxford 
 
 52096 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 34467 
 72905 
 
 
 87097 
 
 
 22505 12828 
 
 44982 
 
 Dufferiu 
 
 14906 
 10044 
 16205 
 12703 
 16686 
 
 9236 
 
 6186 
 
 9279 
 
 7020 
 
 9372 
 
 16177 
 
 14423 
 
 12068 
 
 10540 
 
 5171 
 
 8296 
 
 11071 
 
 22515 
 
 7410 
 
 4332 
 
 6724 
 
 5709 
 
 4324 
 
 15593 
 
 16957 
 
 19760 
 
 10301 
 
 9456 
 
 30899 
 
 
 20634 
 
 Went worth < 
 
 31026 
 
 Halton 
 
 24073 
 
 Peel 
 
 31113 
 
 York. 
 
 28813] 29S10 
 26752 23963 
 
 55861 
 50202 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland ..... , . ^ 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 FrontenaCi 
 
 22044 
 21315 
 
 9464 
 15713 
 20137 
 40466 
 13468 
 
 9670 
 15501 
 10173 
 
 8640 
 29872 
 34687 
 37461 
 21630 
 18909 
 
 2607 
 24274 
 
 4536 
 
 1220 
 
 2145 
 
 20923 
 19608 
 
 9358 
 14376 
 20157 
 ,33601 
 
 9460 
 
 8477 
 15664 
 
 8655 
 
 5445 
 27834 
 24125 
 29173 
 17689 
 15498 
 
 2170 
 20635 
 
 2810 
 280 
 887 
 
 39957 
 38747 
 21464 
 31030 
 42834 
 76537 
 
 
 21737 
 
 
 18756 
 
 G-lenerarrv 
 
 30942 
 
 Russell , ... 
 
 19710 
 12376 
 
 
 61256 
 
 
 52442 
 
 
 55353 
 
 Victoria 
 
 36532 
 
 
 30765 
 
 Haliburton ,, 
 
 963 1340 
 
 12682 14320 
 
 27601 1848 
 
 5215 
 
 
 48953 
 
 
 5986 
 
 
 702 
 1190 
 
 186 
 749 
 
 1263 
 
 AlfiToma 
 
 2053 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1044859 
 
 933143 
 
 581109 
 
 676362 
 
 1S0465 
 
 178299 
 
 95451 
 
 127499 
 
 1871884 
 
 1915303 
 
24. 
 
 PIGS AND POULTRY. 
 
 TABLE No. X. — Showing by County Municipalities the number of Pigs and Poultry 
 in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 POULTEY. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Over 1 year. 
 
 Under 1 year. 
 
 Turkeys. 
 
 Greese. 
 
 Other Powla. 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 10368 
 
 10062 
 
 7720 
 
 4917 
 
 3377 
 
 2582 
 
 4636 
 
 9717 
 
 8946 
 
 13332 
 
 13030 
 
 1 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Essex 1 .... , .... 
 
 11523 
 10784 
 7390 
 5057 
 3205 
 2231 
 4242 
 9409 
 7844 
 12035 
 11974 
 9343 
 5696 
 2414 
 7355 
 7919 
 3532 
 3587 
 2090 
 3145 
 2213 
 4106 
 6657 
 7194 
 5762 
 6182 
 1994 
 2731 
 3245 
 9809 
 4316 
 3426 
 4321 
 4919 
 3043 
 7201 
 8408 
 5407 
 5863 
 5231 
 702 
 9798 
 889 
 880 
 1257 
 
 31805 
 33701 
 25362 
 19347 
 13448 
 9267 
 14306 
 24855 
 21168 
 28244 
 .30579 
 
 26230 
 
 26000 
 
 23282 
 
 19585 
 
 12451 
 
 10178 
 
 12448 
 
 19552 
 
 18742 
 
 23667 
 
 28025 
 
 29096 
 
 23816 
 
 12072 
 
 16751 
 
 23391 
 
 12184 
 
 9831 
 
 9954 
 
 15409 
 
 10183 
 
 13405 
 
 28426 
 
 18700 
 
 13452 
 
 13468 
 
 4697 
 
 5960 
 
 6491 
 
 14261 
 
 5807 
 
 48»5 
 
 5124 
 
 5367 
 
 3024 
 
 13267 
 
 7301 
 
 7944 
 
 11904 
 
 11508 
 
 1372 
 
 14488 
 
 1772 
 
 1130 
 
 1201 
 
 7608 
 
 11769 
 
 7368 
 
 5069 
 
 6213 
 
 5993 
 
 6860 
 
 10035 
 
 7286 
 
 12455 
 
 13353 
 
 17342 
 
 10315 
 
 4978 
 
 7756 
 
 11585 
 
 3024 
 
 5862 
 
 4972 
 
 7516 
 
 7226 
 
 13022 
 
 13829 
 
 9566 
 
 11746 
 
 9867 
 
 2279 
 
 2629 
 
 6273 
 
 27085 
 
 3758 
 
 2715 
 
 2352 
 
 4352 
 
 3372 
 
 17503 
 
 10552 
 
 15406 
 
 7626 
 
 5658 
 
 352 
 
 8219 
 
 990 
 
 1065 
 
 1066 
 
 4825 
 
 10359 
 
 6637 
 
 3943 
 
 6445 
 
 6415 
 
 5358 
 
 8901 
 
 5897 
 
 9104 
 
 11409 
 
 18090 
 
 7838 
 
 5814 
 
 8148 
 
 8048 
 
 1918 
 
 4886 
 
 5254 
 
 4767 
 
 6930 
 
 12095 
 
 11095 
 
 7391 
 
 11720 
 
 7404 
 
 2462 
 
 2848 
 
 6313 
 
 22550 
 
 3300 
 
 1932 
 
 2190 
 
 4250 
 
 2388 
 
 17094 
 
 6160 
 
 14796 
 
 6664 
 
 6883 
 
 580 
 
 6809 
 
 905 
 
 780 
 
 463 
 
 14198 
 
 16612 
 
 9665 
 
 7967 
 
 7043 
 
 5156 
 
 9791 
 
 23703 
 
 20470 
 
 25964 
 
 25808 
 
 20420 
 
 9763 
 
 4836 
 
 22445 
 
 21255 
 
 5635 
 
 10144 
 
 4098 
 
 7521 
 
 7721 
 
 13473 
 
 19178 
 
 14127 
 
 15629 
 
 11962 
 
 5966 
 
 5903 
 
 6404 
 
 17151 
 
 5669 
 
 4307 
 
 5568 
 
 3410 
 
 2491 
 
 15306 
 
 11001 
 
 10600 
 
 13210 
 
 10145 
 
 771 
 
 16171 
 
 1164 
 
 717 
 
 1363 
 
 14550 
 
 19858 
 
 11972 
 
 9707 
 
 8390 
 
 6820 
 
 11833 
 
 25500 
 
 18628 
 
 23233 
 
 27252 
 
 27286 
 
 9900 
 
 5818 
 
 21204 
 
 20120 
 
 6112 
 
 10552 
 
 5.532 
 
 8316 
 
 9143 
 
 16178 
 
 21177 
 
 16389 
 
 18364 
 
 12713 
 
 6547 
 
 7028 
 
 9183 
 
 17412 
 
 5361 
 
 5140 
 
 6586 
 
 3421 
 
 2160 
 
 17881 
 
 9116 
 
 9504 
 
 13239 
 
 12542 
 
 1310 
 
 17500 
 
 1400 
 
 777 
 
 703 
 
 136489 
 
 156350 
 
 123670 
 
 120429 
 
 81612 
 
 77588 
 
 106891 
 
 255406 
 
 176257 
 
 212322 
 
 186071 
 
 232142 
 
 156024 
 
 72462 
 
 191944 
 
 187514 
 
 106292 
 
 64012 
 
 71379 
 
 93844 
 
 63381 
 
 97462 
 
 170274 
 
 139781 
 
 108454 
 
 124494 
 
 83305 
 
 76316 
 
 67624 
 
 178400 
 
 103826 
 
 79001 
 
 74374 
 
 56227 
 
 47006 
 
 130846 
 
 87085 
 
 108843 
 
 91409 
 
 89345 
 
 11203 
 
 158387 
 
 21402 
 
 16061 
 
 15147 
 
 107645 
 
 Kent . 
 
 126480 
 
 Elgin 
 
 111625 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 117790 
 
 
 80687 
 
 Welland 
 
 80026 
 
 
 93246 
 
 Huron 
 
 210700 
 
 
 154294 
 
 Grev . 
 
 199076 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 169870 
 
 
 103601 33598 
 6864' 25624 
 
 229276 
 
 Oxford 
 
 143324 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 2931 
 7475 
 8060 
 2752 
 4630 
 2586 
 3387 
 2382 
 4046 
 7117 
 7452 
 6116 
 6230 
 2151 
 3068 
 3769 
 8805 
 3595 
 3412 
 4677 
 4697 
 2690 
 7843 
 8440 
 4789 
 6249 
 5743 
 815 
 8948 
 725 
 335 
 589 
 
 11516 
 
 19269 
 
 25662 
 
 12700 
 
 9960 
 
 10998 
 
 16384 
 
 9102 
 
 14901 
 
 29199 
 
 19840 
 
 13051 
 
 14195 
 
 5725 
 
 ■ 6745 
 
 6623 
 
 15451 
 
 7644 
 
 5381 
 
 5815 
 
 5659 
 
 4488 
 
 13413 
 
 9040 
 
 9370 
 
 13552 
 
 9917 
 
 1250 
 
 15923 
 
 2526 
 
 2300 
 
 2620 
 
 69574 
 147883 
 
 
 ■ 160684 
 
 
 100960 
 
 Dufferin . . .' 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 66377 
 65518 
 87103 
 
 Halton 
 
 69425 
 
 Peel 
 
 88588 
 
 York 
 
 166313 
 145393 
 
 
 104760 
 
 
 113374 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 73750 
 76946 
 
 Erontenac 
 
 72063 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 146162 
 
 Dundas 
 
 82260 
 
 
 76902 
 
 
 73662 
 
 
 48058 
 
 Kussell 
 
 28047 
 122779 
 
 Renfrew , 
 
 . 67322 
 76055 
 85103 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Hall bit rton 
 
 79972 
 11917 
 
 
 142692 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Aleronia 
 
 17746 
 8178 
 8100 
 
 
 -V 
 
 Totals 
 
 246329 
 
 252415 
 
 661513 
 
 597811 
 
 355867 
 
 310058 
 
 491901 
 
 533357 
 
 5008351 
 
 450'8705 
 
 
 
 
 
25 
 
 WOOL. 
 
 TABLE No. XL — Showing by (lounty Municipalities the clip of Coarse and Fine "Woola 
 in Ontario in the years 1882 and 1883. 
 
 
 Coarse "Wool. 
 
 FiNB Wool. 
 
 Total 
 
 Clip. 
 
 COUNTIES.' 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 g 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 a 
 
 PH 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 CD 
 
 & 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 12814 
 22527 
 25831 
 18045 
 19370 
 12362 
 28865 
 56846 
 48243 
 68423 
 42670 
 48547 
 26274 
 16208 
 39118 
 51533 
 22394 
 16513 
 10837 
 17263 
 12891 
 16941 
 28896 
 27920 
 22322 
 21273 
 
 9571 
 15985 
 21735 
 41016 
 13663 
 
 9998 
 15995 
 10058 
 
 9106 
 30880 
 35525 
 39153 
 22135 
 19117 
 
 2689 
 25629 
 
 4609 
 
 1270 
 
 2084 
 
 70741 
 
 131720 
 
 148137 
 
 98599 
 
 114419 
 
 64649 
 
 168056 
 
 325648 
 
 276866 
 
 371533 
 
 338927 
 
 286878 
 
 153095 
 
 94781 
 
 218302 
 
 302783 
 
 123601 
 
 94245 
 
 55967 
 
 97522 
 
 80646 
 
 109541 
 
 182782 
 
 175916 
 
 127774 
 
 119651 
 
 48771 
 
 78029 
 
 103779 
 
 197713 
 
 68550 
 
 49807 
 
 73165 
 
 45619 
 
 42802 
 
 149890 
 
 159713 
 
 184092 
 
 124168 
 
 100988 
 
 12790 
 
 120851 
 
 26425 
 
 7911 
 
 11862 
 
 11248 
 20742 
 26237 
 16955 
 17255 
 11059 
 27408 
 46215 
 39756 
 54788 
 35962 
 47002 
 26580 
 17352 
 33945 
 44992 
 22505 
 14906 
 10044 
 16205 
 12703 
 16686 
 29810 
 25963 
 20923 
 19608 
 
 9358 
 14376 
 20157 
 33601 
 
 9460 
 
 8477 
 15664 
 
 8655 
 
 5445 
 27834 
 24125 
 29173 
 17689 
 15498 
 
 2170 
 20635 
 
 2810 
 280 
 887 
 
 58114 
 
 112006 
 
 147578 
 
 85622 
 
 96973 
 
 55295 
 
 153484 
 
 256493 
 
 210606 
 
 291471 
 
 160389 
 
 270262 
 
 152835 
 
 96130 
 
 179908 
 
 228108 
 
 123750 
 
 80490 
 
 50220 
 
 83725 
 
 76218 
 
 108459 
 
 166041 
 
 147123 
 
 111100 
 
 105096 
 
 55680 
 
 70443 
 
 91512 
 
 154900 
 
 44935 
 
 40431 
 
 67040 
 
 37505 
 
 23413 
 
 128870 
 
 97465 
 
 127630 
 
 89329 
 
 79348 
 
 10035 
 
 95332 
 
 14050 
 
 1680 
 
 4984 
 
 1691 
 3519 
 2670 
 3968 
 2889 
 3032 
 2928 
 3808 
 6006 
 7969 
 5786 
 4812 
 2.590 
 2678 
 4475 
 6232 
 3737 
 1980 
 2074 
 2458 
 1301 
 1085 
 3987 
 5153 
 1678 
 2673 
 3116 
 3817 
 3419 
 9146 
 2777 
 3142 
 4134 
 2676 
 2158 
 4969 
 5507 
 2587 
 3248 
 1530 
 756 
 6927 
 958 
 446 
 473 
 
 8517 
 
 17739 
 
 14017 
 
 19400 
 
 14559 
 
 13736 
 
 15919 
 
 21211 
 
 33072 
 
 42240 
 
 30392 
 
 26681 
 
 13484 
 
 1.5648 
 
 25569 
 
 33084 
 
 17481 
 
 10684 
 
 9748 
 
 11805 
 
 7054 
 
 5949 
 
 20748 
 
 28067 
 
 8926 
 
 14514 
 
 15713 
 
 18799 
 
 15784 
 
 43273 
 
 14116 
 
 15138 
 
 19645 
 
 13100 
 
 9622 
 
 24637 
 
 25064 
 
 12226 
 
 18567 
 
 7486 
 
 3009 
 
 33391 
 
 4781 
 
 2409 
 
 2863 
 
 1393 
 
 3382 
 3015 
 3810 
 3474 
 2666 
 3957 
 7431 
 7357 
 11671 
 5654 
 5762 
 2896 
 2637 
 5974 
 5432 
 3378 
 2873 
 2356 
 2169 
 1355 
 1635 
 4156 
 4229 
 
 7006 
 18939 
 16381 
 17907 
 15702 
 12440 
 20872 
 39078 
 38503 
 61039 
 29965 
 31691 
 14913 
 13975 
 31064 
 29386 
 16314 
 15656 
 11074 
 11305 
 7283 
 8265 
 24521 
 25627 
 
 79258 
 
 149459 
 
 162154 
 
 117999 
 
 128978 
 
 78385 
 
 183975 
 
 346859 
 
 309938 
 
 413773 
 
 369319 
 
 313559 
 
 166579 
 
 110429 
 
 243871 
 
 335867 
 
 141082 
 
 104929 
 
 65715 
 
 109327 
 
 87700 
 
 116490 
 
 203530 
 
 203983 
 
 136700 
 
 134165 
 
 64484 
 
 96828 
 
 119563 
 
 240986 
 
 82666 
 
 64945 
 
 92810 
 
 58719 
 
 52424 
 
 174527 
 
 184777 
 
 196318 
 
 ; 142735 
 
 108474 
 
 15799 
 
 154242 
 
 31206 
 
 10320 
 
 14725 
 
 65120 
 130945 
 
 Elgin 
 
 163959 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 103529 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 112675 
 67735 
 
 
 174356 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 295571 
 249109 
 352510 
 190354 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 301953 
 167748 
 
 Brant ..... 
 
 Perth 
 
 110105 
 210972 
 
 Wellington 
 
 257494 
 
 
 140064 
 
 Dntferin 
 
 Lincoln , 
 
 96146 
 61294 
 95030 
 
 Halton .... . . . . 
 
 83501 
 
 Peel 
 
 116724 
 
 York 
 
 190562 
 
 Ontario. . . , 
 
 172750 
 
 
 2855: 16179 
 
 127279- 
 
 
 3144 
 3301 
 3528 
 4749 
 
 16034 
 16093 
 17394 
 23032 
 
 121130 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington . . 
 Prontenac 
 
 71773 
 
 87837 
 
 114544 
 
 Leeds and Greenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 10166 50830 
 3720 17558 
 
 205730 
 62493 
 
 Stormont 
 
 2997 
 
 4847 
 
 2989 
 
 1861 
 
 5977 
 
 8583 
 
 ,3607 
 
 3980 
 
 2318 
 
 924 
 
 8505 
 
 754 
 
 581 
 
 251 
 
 14685 
 
 22620 
 
 14945 
 
 10383 
 
 28807 
 
 36477 
 
 16014 
 
 21532 
 
 11540 
 
 4213 
 
 37762 
 
 4304 
 
 3544 
 
 1255 
 
 55116 
 
 Glengarry .... 
 
 89660 
 
 Prescott 
 
 52450 
 33796 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Penfrew 
 
 157677 
 133942 
 
 Lanark 
 
 143644 
 
 Victoria 
 
 110861 
 90888 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 14248 
 
 Hastings 
 
 133094 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 18354 
 5224 
 
 Algoma 
 
 6239 
 
 
 1065144 
 
 1 
 5939704 933143 
 
 4842078 
 
 152965 
 
 779867 
 
 178299 
 
 904107 
 
 6719571 
 
 5746185 
 
26 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 TABLE No. XII. — Showing by County Municipalities the quantity of dairy Butter 
 made in Ontario in 1882, the quantity of Maple Sugar in 1882 and 1883, the area 
 of Orchard and Garden, and the total length of Underdrajnage on Farms, June 15, 
 
 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Sasex . . : 
 
 Kent 
 
 Jllgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Xiatnbton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 JBrant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington . 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Kenfrew 
 
 Lanark '. . . . 
 
 Victoria ... 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals 
 
 I 
 
 BUTa'EB 
 
 MADE IN 
 
 1882. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 Maple Sugab. 
 lbs. 
 
 1883. 
 
 591989 
 
 805250 
 
 597445 
 
 531115 
 
 712794 
 
 577248 
 
 678676 
 
 1612757 
 
 1339214 
 
 2031549 
 
 1271918 
 
 1300960 
 
 757498 
 
 539898 
 
 978762 
 
 1287021 
 
 691191 
 
 508260 
 
 578531 
 
 749147 
 
 480250 
 
 623503 
 
 1238282 
 
 884354 
 
 632904 
 
 606530 
 
 368726 
 
 479101 
 
 632162 
 
 1511629 
 
 1310038 
 
 694885 
 
 297325 
 
 367501 
 
 450166 
 
 1238686 
 
 918248 
 
 944413 
 
 632728 
 
 579770 
 
 119791 
 
 698866 
 
 233388 
 
 138281 
 
 144313 
 
 . 34367063 
 
 10307 
 37648 
 
 159110 
 48044 
 12550 
 2667 
 40222 
 24545 
 34773 
 73713 
 
 117474 
 
 71925 
 
 59606 
 
 11041 
 
 7589 
 
 20767 
 
 29745 
 
 15310 
 
 17406 
 
 3078 
 
 157 
 
 3042 
 
 19289 
 
 9707 
 
 3501 
 
 46211 
 
 55088 
 
 67844 
 
 73382 
 
 448240 
 45668 
 
 113956 
 
 107382 
 63294 
 25013 
 32503 
 29297 
 
 128273 
 17128 
 42223 
 41840 
 
 152236 
 43824 
 14097 
 23970 
 
 2404685 
 
 1882. 
 
 Old Wheat. 
 
 June 15. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 27637 
 
 74751 
 
 464080 
 
 135968 
 
 62848 
 
 7540 
 
 75100 
 
 56102 
 
 73157 
 
 88541 
 
 171711 
 
 141137 
 
 174313 
 
 101575 
 
 30972 
 
 50342 
 
 62065 
 
 29196 
 
 61519 
 
 13309 
 
 4226 
 
 9902 
 
 39495 
 
 26583 
 
 15879 
 
 154096 
 
 132128 
 
 121516 
 
 127309 
 
 819812 
 
 12534 
 
 226786 
 
 216454 
 
 47672 
 
 17700 
 
 29854 
 
 46398 
 
 349237 
 
 93439 
 
 53387 
 
 54808 
 
 606669 
 
 46190 
 
 15381 
 
 4392 
 
 5073610 
 
 133840 
 
 300744 
 
 116672 
 
 123259 
 
 101371 
 
 77248 
 
 142862 
 
 419456 
 
 281646 
 
 257192 
 
 379493 
 
 308830 
 
 214908 
 
 140184 
 
 265863 
 
 196834 
 
 161720 
 
 7B714 
 
 63889 
 
 108058 
 
 480250 
 
 180658 
 
 287112 
 
 176040 
 
 99930 
 
 108312 
 
 15067 
 
 20571 
 
 26269 
 
 88215 
 
 20591 
 
 15226 
 
 21327 
 
 1.5226 
 
 10624 
 
 64214 
 
 65275 
 
 61473 
 
 104895 
 
 92685 
 
 2114 
 
 80459 
 
 2313 
 
 4877 
 
 26099 
 
 5940605 
 
 Obohaed 
 
 AND 
 
 Garden. 
 Acres. 
 
 6402 
 
 6995 
 
 7360 
 
 9157 
 
 5074 
 
 6369 
 
 6031 
 
 7849 
 
 5412 
 
 7347 
 
 4953 
 
 12194 
 
 8795 
 
 5733 
 
 5718 
 
 5252 
 
 5693 
 
 1786 
 
 7808 
 
 9529 
 
 4829 
 
 4301 
 
 9239 
 
 5492 
 
 4305 
 
 6757 
 
 5777 
 
 2864 
 
 2328 
 
 3777 
 
 1313 
 
 1216 
 
 704 
 
 149 
 
 114 
 
 467 
 
 747 
 
 1337 
 
 1683 
 
 2025 
 
 78 
 
 5551 
 
 238 
 
 50 
 
 48 
 
 200846 
 
 Rods of 
 Under- 
 dbain. 
 
 June 15. 
 
 80017 
 
 152305 
 
 551785 
 
 84652 
 
 8162 
 
 6333 
 
 247657 
 
 1179167 
 
 846152 
 
 123926 
 
 355628 
 
 951689 
 
 619596 
 
 70816 
 
 947.536 
 
 185162 
 
 398150 
 
 21615 
 
 21538 
 
 56670 
 
 45:!54 
 
 40234 
 
 558879 
 
 305645 
 
 116037 
 
 43454 
 
 26279 
 
 79243 
 
 34405 
 
 64792 
 
 43238 
 
 75091 
 
 80814 
 
 47963 
 
 34685 
 
 211999 
 
 115740 
 
 106462 
 
 107684 
 
 110986 
 
 1690 
 
 ' 88592 
 
 2872 
 
 806 
 
 3230 
 
 8754760 
 
27 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS. 
 TABLE No. XIII. — Census Returns of Farm Products for Ontario and the Dominion. 
 
 Crops. 
 
 Spring Wheat Bush. 
 
 Winter " " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 I 
 
 OatB " 
 
 Eye " 
 
 Peas and Beans " 
 
 Buckwheat " 
 
 Corn " 
 
 Potatoes " 
 
 Turnips " 
 
 Other Boots " 
 
 Grass and Clover Seed " 
 
 Seed " 
 
 Apples " 
 
 Other Fruits " 
 
 Grapes Lbs. 
 
 Home-made Butter . . " 
 
 Cheese . . " 
 
 Flax and Hemp " 
 
 Tobacco " 
 
 Hops " 
 
 Maple Sugar " 
 
 Hay Tons. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 7213021 
 
 20193067 
 
 14279841 
 
 40209929 
 
 1598871 
 
 9434872 
 
 841649 
 
 8096782 
 
 18893996 
 
 33856721 
 
 6479222 
 
 173219 
 
 38208 
 
 11400517 
 
 644707 
 
 36975.55 
 
 54862365 
 
 1701721 
 
 1073197 
 
 1602511 
 
 615967 
 
 4169706 
 
 2038659 
 
 The Do- 
 minion. 
 
 12102817 
 
 20247452 
 
 16844868 
 
 70493131 
 
 2097180 
 
 13749662 
 
 4901147 
 
 902,5142 
 
 55268227 
 
 39059094 
 
 9192320 
 
 324317 
 
 108694 
 
 13377655 
 
 841219 
 
 3896508 
 
 102545169 
 
 3184996 
 
 2056353 
 
 2527962 
 
 905207 
 
 20556049 
 
 5055810 
 
 1871. 
 
 Ontario, 
 
 7891989 
 6341400 
 9461233 
 22138958 
 547609 
 7761470 
 
 The Do- 
 minion. 
 
 10623857 
 6369108 
 
 11672479 
 
 45618029 j 
 10643581 
 
 10127687, 
 
 585158 3801593 
 3148467; 3805241 
 
 17138534 
 
 22455543 
 
 2706903 
 
 189716 
 
 20542 
 
 5486504 
 
 242878 
 
 1028431 
 
 37623643 
 
 .S432797 
 
 1165117 
 
 399870 
 
 1188940 
 
 6247442 
 
 1805176 
 
 50705913 
 
 24734834 
 
 3356251 
 
 360468 
 
 118044 
 
 6365315 
 
 358963 
 
 1126402 
 
 75172523 
 5110367 
 2612016 
 1595932 
 17U789 
 
 17276051 
 3886990 
 
 1861. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 The Do- 
 minion. 
 
 124620425 
 
 2821962 
 
 21220874 
 
 973181 
 
 9650539 
 
 1248637 
 
 2256290 
 
 15325920 
 
 19244568 
 
 2452569 
 
 61820 
 
 I 
 
 25822264 
 2687172 
 
 247052 
 
 861844 
 
 28212760 
 
 5690988 
 
 45625768 
 
 1934583 
 
 12351377 
 
 3648450 
 
 2624100' 
 
 38934877 
 
 2803353 
 
 3091209' 
 
 132623 
 
 186484 
 1335 
 
 51564888 
 4601965 
 
 300439 
 
 2240356 
 
 1851. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 The Do- 
 minion. 
 
 12682550 
 
 625452 
 11395467 
 
 472429 
 3045990 
 
 679635 
 1688805 
 
 16260285 
 
 1391615 
 23168468 
 869389 
 4483986 
 2071352 
 2189789 
 
 I 
 4973285 11181484 
 
 I 
 3097818 4458998 
 
 228892 500908 
 
 39029 57902 
 
 16061532 
 2212580 
 
 32336397 
 3628953 
 
 777426 1210553 
 
 114527! 260262 
 
 34183461 9937276 
 
 693727 1962236 
 
 NoM.— The Returns of 1871 and 1861 are for the Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova 
 Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and those of 1851 for the first four Provinces only. , 
 
28 
 
 IMPOETS AND EXPOETS. 
 
 TABLE No. XIV. — Statement of Imports and Exports of Wheat, Oats, Barley, Eye 
 and Peas for the Dominion of Canada in the three years ending June 30th, 1882. 
 
 Yeaes end- 
 
 Wheat (including Elour). 
 
 ing June 30. 
 
 1 Imports 
 Total Imports. ' entered for 
 Consumption. 
 
 1 
 
 Total Exports. 
 
 Exports not 
 
 produce of 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Net Surplus. 
 
 Value of 
 Total Exports. 
 
 1880 
 
 Bush. 
 8011412 
 
 Bush. 
 451305 
 
 Bush. 
 14602590 
 11265251 
 
 8635386 
 
 Bush. 
 
 7152201 
 6836090 
 2734816 
 
 Bush. 
 6999084 
 3496325 
 4797087 
 
 16569593 
 
 1881 
 
 8364232 
 3800989 
 
 932836 
 1103483 
 
 1210640=; 
 
 1882 
 
 11095350 
 
 
 1 
 
 Oats (including Meal). 
 
 1880 
 
 191610 
 96221 
 82087 
 
 87240 
 84036 
 83683 
 
 6022947 
 343;I052 
 4719748 
 
 145416 
 7532 
 19.'!4 
 
 5790291 
 3341484 
 4634131 
 
 21 IStSQa 
 
 1881.. 
 
 1882 
 
 1428064 
 1937010 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baeley. 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 15635 
 
 16933 
 
 9491 
 
 14009 
 
 16933 
 
 9491 
 
 7241379 
 
 8811278 
 
 11588446 
 
 1817 
 
 7225553 
 8794345 
 
 IIKTQOKK 
 
 4482.V85 
 
 1882 
 
 10114623 
 
 
 
 
 Rye. 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 18636 
 
 225 
 
 1447 
 
 5993 970463 12643 i 951827 
 
 225 870296 870071 
 
 1447 1281678 1 1280231 
 
 712228 
 
 783840 
 
 1191119 
 
 1882 
 
 
 Peas. 
 
 1880 
 
 2979 2979 3819412 
 
 3787 99Ra AOAfiKQn 
 
 22 
 
 3816411 
 4242307 
 3517852 
 
 2977545 
 3478003 
 3191874 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 3641 
 
 3639 
 
 3521496 
 
 5 
 
 Note. — The net surplus is obtained by taking imports entered for consumption and exports not 
 produce from the total exports. 
 
 TABLE No. XV. — Statement of Exports, the groVth, produce and manufacture of 
 Canada for the fifteen years ending June 30th, 1882. 
 
 Yeaes 
 
 ENDING 
 
 Produce of 
 the Mine. 
 
 Produce 
 of the 
 
 Produce 
 of the 
 
 Animals 
 and their 
 
 Agricultu- 
 ral Pro- 
 
 * 1 
 Manufac- 
 
 Miscel- 
 
 Estimated 
 amount 
 
 Totals. 
 
 June 30. 
 
 Fisheries. 
 
 Forest. 
 
 Produce. 
 
 ducts. 
 
 
 Articles. 
 
 short in 
 Ketums. 
 
 
 
 $ 
 
 8 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 1868 .... 
 
 1446857 
 
 3357510 
 
 18232170 
 
 6893167 
 
 12871055 
 
 2410138 
 
 302280 
 
 2961722 
 
 48504899 
 
 1869 ... 
 
 2093-502 
 
 3242710 
 
 19838963 
 
 8769407 
 
 12182702 
 
 2845461 
 
 350559 
 
 3077468 
 
 52400772 
 
 1870.... 
 
 2487038 
 
 3608.'i49 
 
 20940434 
 
 12138161 
 
 13676619 
 
 2858739 
 
 371652 
 
 2962398 
 
 59043590 
 
 1871 .... 
 
 3221461 
 
 3994275 
 
 22352211 
 
 12582925 
 
 9853146 
 
 27S9475 
 
 387554 
 
 2479188 
 
 57630235 
 
 1872.... 
 
 3936608 
 
 4348508 
 
 23685382 
 
 12416613 
 
 13378562 
 
 2721697 
 
 .913066 
 
 4884704 
 
 65885140 
 
 1873,... 
 
 6471162 
 
 4779277 
 
 28586816 
 
 14243017 
 
 14995340 
 
 3704702 
 
 465292 
 
 3292419 
 
 76538026 
 
 1874.... 
 
 3977216 
 
 5292368 
 
 26817715 
 
 14679169 
 
 19590142 
 
 3150338 
 
 419800 
 
 2815249 
 
 76741997 
 
 1875,... 
 
 3878050 
 
 5380527 
 
 24781780 
 
 12700507 
 
 17258358 
 
 3082490 
 
 409181 
 
 2218930 
 
 69709823 
 
 1876. . . . 
 
 3731827 
 
 5500989 
 
 20128064 
 
 13517654 
 
 21139665 
 
 5353367 
 
 490283 
 
 2629588 
 
 72491437 
 
 1877.... 
 
 3644040 
 
 5874360 
 
 23010249 
 
 14220617 
 
 14689376 
 
 4105422 
 
 320816 
 
 2165666 
 
 68030546 
 
 1878.... 
 
 2816347 
 
 6853975 
 
 19511575 
 
 14019857 
 
 18008754 
 
 4127755 
 
 401871 
 
 2249666 
 
 67989800 
 
 1879.... 
 
 3082900 
 
 6928871 
 
 13261459 
 
 14100604 
 
 19628464 
 
 2700281 
 
 386999 
 
 2341447 
 
 62431025 
 
 1880. . . . 
 
 2877351 
 
 6579656 
 
 16854507 
 
 17607577 
 
 22294328 
 
 3242617 
 
 640155 
 
 2803506 
 
 72899(i97 
 
 1881.... 
 
 2767829 
 
 6.'<67715 
 
 24960012 
 
 21360219 
 
 21268327 
 
 3075095 
 
 622182 
 
 3023322 
 
 8394^701 
 
 1882.... 
 
 3013573 
 
 7682079 
 
 23991055 
 
 20454759 
 
 31035712 
 
 3329598 
 
 535935 
 
 4094946 
 
 94137657 
 
29 
 
 PUBLIC LANDS AND TIMBER LIMITS. 
 
 TABLE No. XVL— Statistics of the Area and Value of Public Lands and Timber Limits 
 sold in,Ontario in the sixteen years 1867-1882. 
 
 
 Aeea op Lands SoLt). 
 
 TiMBEE Limits. 
 
 Ykars. 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 'o 
 01 
 
 a| 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 C5 
 
 o2 
 
 1 
 
 ft 
 
 ^- 
 
 $c. 
 
 1 70 
 
 1 52 
 
 2 70 
 1 34 
 1 72 
 136 
 1 43 
 1 36 
 1 08 
 1 11 
 1 28 
 1 05 
 1 13 
 91 
 
 66 
 
 1 00 
 
 £h1 
 
 111 
 
 <1 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 4.ores. 
 
 11592 
 23299 
 33275 
 37538 
 78037 
 11.3623 
 98715 
 96995 
 51952 
 51387 
 35506 
 39164 
 25071 
 30722 
 88543 
 98814 
 
 Acres. 
 
 4030 
 
 9528 
 
 11312 
 
 10162 
 
 8535 
 
 16100 
 
 33448 
 
 20532 
 
 6434 
 
 7255 
 
 5287 
 
 3757 
 
 2488 
 
 1977 
 
 7126 
 
 4693 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1461 
 4322 
 6183 
 3256 
 3702 
 2068 
 4908 
 3583 
 1945 
 2039 
 3561 
 2299 
 1463 
 1002 
 1292 
 555 
 
 Acres. 
 
 609 
 2835 
 2447 
 1263 
 1998 
 3906 
 13244 
 11652 
 4622 
 3511 
 2327 
 3375 
 1279 
 1389 
 1295 
 1959 
 
 Acres. 
 
 17692 
 
 39984 
 
 53217 
 
 52219 
 
 92272 
 
 135697 
 
 150315 
 
 132762 
 
 64953 
 
 64192 
 
 46671 
 
 48595 
 
 30301 
 
 35090 
 
 98256 
 
 106021 
 
 $ 
 
 30215 
 
 60649 
 
 143754 
 
 69791 
 
 158566 
 
 185071 
 
 215376 
 
 180874 
 
 79960 
 
 83005 
 
 59340 
 
 51055 
 
 35219 
 
 31955 
 
 64508 
 
 106292 
 
 Sq. Miles. 
 
 6155 
 11684 
 12066 
 12005 
 12534 
 12358 
 14545 
 16259 
 15769 
 14981 
 16132 
 16005 
 16084 
 15940 
 15612 
 17989 
 
 $ 
 
 107649 
 190238 
 508562 
 379965 
 570882 
 659156 
 568725 
 425505 
 377504 
 362398 
 409340 
 293310 
 342894 
 413416 
 537934 
 547103 
 
 Totala.. 
 
 914233 
 
 152664 
 
 43629 
 
 57711 
 
 1168237 
 
 1555630 
 
 1 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OCCUPIED LANDS. 
 
 TABLE No. XVII. — Census Returns of Occupiers of Lands, and Lands Occupied, for 
 Ontario and for the Dominion. 
 
 1 Classes. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1871. 
 
 1861. 
 
 1851. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 The 
 Dominion. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 The 
 Dominion. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 The 
 Dominion. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 The 
 Dominion, 
 
 Of Owners 
 
 169140 
 
 36690 
 
 1159 
 
 1 
 
 36221 
 41497 
 75282 
 42476 
 11513 
 
 403491 
 
 57245 
 
 3289 
 
 75286 
 
 93325 
 
 156672 
 
 102243 
 
 36499 
 
 144212 
 
 , 27340 
 
 706 
 
 19954 
 
 38882 
 
 71884 
 
 33984 
 
 7574 
 
 326160 
 
 39583 
 
 2i;,9 
 
 40281 
 
 78877 
 
 141300 
 
 82176 
 
 25228 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Tenants 
 
 
 
 
 Of Employes. ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 jN umber occupying 
 acres or under .... 
 
 10 
 
 4424 
 29305 
 64891 
 28336 
 
 5027 
 
 11246 
 52565 
 108932 
 53075 
 11836 
 
 9746 
 21814 
 47427 
 17515 
 
 3404 
 
 24223 
 
 Number occupying 
 acres to .50 
 
 11 
 
 42038 
 
 Number occupying 
 acres to 100 .... 
 
 51 
 
 85320 
 
 Number occupying 
 acres to 200 
 
 101 
 
 36144 
 
 I'^B'ber occupying over 
 
 7994 
 
 
 
 Note.— The Returns of 1871 are or the Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova 
 Scotia, and those of 1861 and 1851 for Ontario and Quebec only. 
 
30 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 TABLE No. XVIII.— Statistics of the High, Public and Separate Schools of Ontario for 
 the twenty-eight years 1854-1881. 
 
 Ybaes. 
 
 CD 
 
 
 1854 1 277922 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 .... 
 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 297623 
 311316 
 324888 
 360578 
 362085 
 
 1860 1 373589 
 
 High, Pcblio and Sbpabatb Sohools. 
 
 CQ 
 
 1861 . . 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 1864 . 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 1868 .., 
 
 1869 ... 
 
 1870 . . . 
 
 1871 . . . 
 
 1872 ... 
 
 1873 . . . 
 
 1874 . . . 
 
 1875 ... 
 
 1876 . . . 
 
 1877 ... 
 
 1878 .'.. 
 
 1879 . . . 
 
 1880 ... 
 
 1881 ... 
 
 384980 
 
 403302 
 
 412367 
 
 424565 
 
 426757 
 
 431815 
 
 447726 
 
 464315 
 
 470400 
 
 483966 
 
 489615 
 
 495756 
 
 504869 
 
 511603 
 
 501083 
 
 502250 
 
 494804 
 
 492360 
 
 494424 
 
 489924 
 
 484224 
 
 3308 
 
 3390 
 
 3533 
 
 3803 
 
 3941 
 
 4034 
 
 4057 
 
 4105 
 
 4195 
 
 4228 
 
 4319 
 
 4407 
 
 4483 
 
 4524 
 
 4581 
 
 4625 
 
 4667 
 
 4700 
 
 4765 
 
 4840 
 
 4866 
 
 4951 
 
 5146 
 
 5244 
 
 .5194 
 
 5227 
 
 5241 
 
 5343 
 
 a BE 
 
 bo 
 m a 
 
 Ph 
 
 208455 
 
 231590 
 
 254531 
 
 276440 
 
 298142 
 
 305973 
 
 320358 
 
 334683 
 
 348715 
 
 366160 
 
 377284 
 
 389407 
 
 396614 
 
 407339 
 
 425548 
 
 439038 
 
 449869 
 
 453816 
 
 462630 
 
 469421 
 
 471918 
 
 482583 
 
 499078 
 
 500089 
 
 499589 
 
 499148 
 
 495955 
 
 489404 
 
 02 
 
 166686 
 
 U2520 
 
 180977 
 
 185070 
 
 192039 
 
 192741 
 
 196650 
 
 197154 
 
 203073 
 
 217272 
 
 222471 
 
 230642 
 
 226541 
 
 227461 
 
 222688 
 
 3631 
 
 3660 
 
 3779 
 
 4190 
 
 4314 
 
 4356 
 
 4408 
 
 4459 
 
 4,537 
 
 4645 
 
 4764 
 
 4870 
 
 4940 
 
 5049 
 
 5157 
 
 5219 
 
 5337 
 
 5480 
 
 5715 
 
 5894 
 
 5984 
 
 6271 
 
 6451 
 
 6748 
 
 6771 
 
 6916 
 
 7082 
 
 7255 
 
 622358 
 726363 
 827339 
 917784 
 830556 
 920899 
 959596 
 989147 
 1032987 
 1063676 
 1072810 
 1122614 
 1153935 
 1188336 
 1242392 
 1272175 
 1327834 
 1405338 
 1513406 
 1685481 
 1827696 
 1942852 
 2034227 
 2149706 
 2234217 
 2313919 I 
 2361074 
 2363237 
 
 
 801373 
 953412 
 1141131 
 1288865 
 1104797 
 1184896 
 1237331 
 1272526 
 1318237 
 1340357 
 1371134 
 1450120 
 1501120 
 1597369 
 1706082 
 1739399 
 1849627 
 1956174 
 2417369 
 2838741 
 3151925 
 3293621 
 3311404 
 3317199 
 3285357 
 3233872 
 3235982 
 3190121 
 
 SUPEEANNUATIDN FuND. 
 
 No. on List. 
 
 40 
 78 
 122 
 119 
 147 
 145 
 143 
 152 
 154 
 156 
 146 
 143 
 134 
 135 
 331 
 119 
 118 
 112 
 128 
 139 
 171 
 205 
 241 
 269 
 307 
 328 
 333 
 361 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 9 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 12 
 12 
 11 
 11 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 13 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 18 
 24 
 25 
 24 
 32 
 32 
 38 
 41 
 
 40 
 80 
 128 
 125 
 155 
 154 
 151 
 161 
 164 
 168 
 158 
 154 
 145 
 147 
 143 
 131 
 131 
 124 
 141 
 153 
 189 
 229 
 266 
 293 
 339 
 360 
 391 
 402 
 
 S 
 
 3344 84 
 5618 70 
 51 
 
 5112 41 
 2663 17 
 3922! 25 
 
 4085 
 
 4081 
 
 5438 
 
 3245 
 
 3611 
 
 3997 
 
 3726 
 
 4162 
 
 5957 
 
 6332 
 
 6376 
 
 6016 
 
 11942 
 
 19097 
 
 22910 
 
 26509 
 
 31769 
 
 35484 
 
 41319 
 
 43774 
 
 38229 
 
 49129 
 
 27 
 25 
 35 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 85. 
 
 125 
 
 121 
 
 116 
 
 U9 
 
 121- 
 
 122 
 
 122 
 
 123 
 
 122 
 
THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XIX. — Monthly temperatures for August, September and October, 1883, 
 showing the highest and lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest and the mean 
 temperatures of each Month. 
 
 Month. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October . 
 
 Tbmpskature. 
 
 Highest 86.7 
 
 Lowest 48 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . . . 
 Monthly mean . . 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. .. 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean . . . 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. .. 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean . , 
 
 
 
 >s 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 "g 
 
 ^ 
 
 CB 
 
 03 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 86.7 
 
 87.8 
 
 48.1 
 
 39.8 
 
 73.1 
 
 75.7 
 
 56.2 
 
 52.6 
 
 64.5 
 
 65.1 
 
 77.3 
 
 79.8 
 
 35.0 
 
 29.0 
 
 65.6 
 
 67.1 
 
 48.7 
 
 45.3 
 
 56.8 
 
 56.2 
 
 76.8 
 
 85.9 
 
 27.0 
 
 30.0 
 
 .53.4 
 
 58.6 
 
 38.4 
 
 41.4 
 
 45.8 
 
 50.0 
 
 ^ 
 
 93.5 
 48.4 
 82.2 
 57.5 
 68.0 
 
 88.1 
 33.8 
 71.8 
 48.8 
 60.1 
 
 77.8 
 28.5 
 53.7 
 38.5 
 46. r 
 
 85.0 
 41.5 
 74.4 
 
 50.2 52. 
 I 62.5 
 
 79.7 
 29.4 
 65.4 
 44.3 
 53.8 
 
 76.5 
 24.2 
 52 9 
 36.5 
 43.8 
 
 §■ 
 
 1 
 
 -a 
 g 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 =3 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 <■ 
 
 89.8 
 
 82.7 
 
 85.4 
 
 85.6 
 
 87.1 
 
 40,3 
 
 46.3 
 
 45.1 
 
 45.0 
 
 39.2 
 
 77.6 
 
 72.9 
 
 74.1 
 
 74.2 
 
 76.2 
 
 52.4 
 
 54.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 57.1 
 
 55.5 
 
 66.4 
 
 63.7 
 
 64.2 
 
 63.8 
 
 64.6 
 
 82.8 
 
 75.1 
 
 78.3 
 
 81.1 
 
 80.7 
 
 29,0 
 
 33.4 
 
 29.1 
 
 32.0 
 
 31.6 
 
 66.6 
 
 63.5 
 
 66.2 
 
 66.1 
 
 68.0 
 
 42.8 
 
 45.6 
 
 44.5 
 
 47.7 
 
 43.4 
 
 56.8 
 
 55.0 
 
 55.4 
 
 55.0 
 
 55.1 
 
 79.8 
 
 71.0 
 
 79.8 
 
 73.6 
 
 80.8 
 
 25.0 
 
 27.1 
 
 25.0 
 
 23.9 
 
 21.9 
 
 55.4 
 
 52.2 
 
 56.7 
 
 ■52.2 
 
 54.6 
 
 33.3 
 
 37.6 
 
 33.3 
 
 38.2 
 
 36.5 
 
 47.1 
 
 45.4 
 
 47.1 
 
 44.4 
 
 43.3 
 
 1 
 
 91.3 
 41.1 
 76.9 
 53.0 
 64.8 
 
 84.6. 
 32.2 
 63.3 
 43.3 
 53.7 
 
 77.0- 
 23.4 
 51.7 
 35.6 
 43.5 
 
 TABLE No. XX. — Monthly Summary of Sunshine in Ontario during August, Septem-. 
 ber and October, 1883, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon 
 each Month, the hours of registered Sunshine, and the totals for the three months. 
 
 Months. 
 
 0§ 
 
 P. 9 
 
 & 
 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 w 
 
 d 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 13 
 
 pq 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 434.5 
 376.3 
 340.2 
 
 297.0 
 157.4 
 117.1 
 
 274.4 
 177.4 
 112.5 
 
 299.9 
 181.4 
 113.6 
 
 305.1 
 193.1 
 127.3 
 
 262,5 
 135.6 
 103.8 
 
 301,6 275.6 267.5 
 192.3 156.6 190,6 
 135.1 98.7 123 
 
 247.2 
 202,0 
 118,9 
 
 240. 
 143,8; 
 105 9 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1151.0 
 
 571.5 
 
 564.3 
 
 594.9 
 
 '625.5 
 
 521.9 
 
 629.0 
 
 530.9 ii*^1 1 
 
 568.1 
 
 489 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE No. XXI. — Monthly Summary of the average fall of Eain and Snow in the- 
 several districts of Ontario for August, September and October, 1883. 
 
 
 W. and S. W. 
 
 N. W. and N. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 E. and N. B. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Inches 
 of Kain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Eain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Eain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow. 
 
 Inches 
 of Eain. 
 
 Inches 
 of Snow, 
 
 August 
 
 1.55 
 2.70 
 2.25 
 
 "■'s'' 
 
 1.98 
 3.32 
 0.06 
 
 ""s"' 
 
 2.38 
 2.33 
 1.32 
 
 ■■"s"" 
 
 2.19 
 2.81 
 2.06 
 
 
 September ... 
 
 
 October 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 6.50 
 
 S 
 
 5.36 
 
 S 
 
 6.03 
 
 S 
 
 7.06 
 
 s 
 
32 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XXII. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during August, 
 September and October, 1883, at the several Stations reporting for those months, 
 and the number of days on "which Kain or Snow fell. 
 
 
 Obsbbvbes. 
 
 August. 
 
 Sefteubeb. 
 
 OOTOBEB. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Bain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 ■si 
 
 si 
 
 o » 
 
 ■s s 
 
 
 « 
 
 dS- 
 |z;Pi 
 
 H 
 
 ;z;p 
 
 tl 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 dS" 
 
 Essex- 
 Windsor 
 
 S. Sinclair, M. A. . . 
 
 Stephen Aubry 
 
 John Bell 
 
 0.93 
 0.69 
 1.08 
 1.28 
 0.49 
 
 0.53 
 0.81 
 0.68 
 0.69 
 3.97 
 0.28 
 •1.04 
 0.54 
 
 \ 
 
 1.61 
 2.26 
 2.75 
 0.72 
 0.70 
 0.76 
 0.64 
 0.42 
 0.59 
 
 1.20 
 
 0.78 
 0.72 
 0,45 
 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 9 
 4 
 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 9 
 
 t 
 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 1.97 
 2.10 
 1.08 
 2.02 
 3.25 
 
 1.84 
 3.83 
 2.18 
 3.09 
 3.62 
 2.20 
 
 6 
 9 
 8 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 16 
 10 
 
 9 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 1.70 
 1.88 
 2.60 
 2.84 
 2.48 
 
 2.83 
 3.09 
 2.01 
 3.59 
 3.46 
 2.90 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 13 
 12 
 12 
 •12 
 
 .... 
 
 
 Stony Point 
 
 Amherstburgh . . . 
 
 
 W. E. Wagstaff.... 
 J. P. Kane 
 
 W. Mowbray 
 
 J. S. Mellor 
 
 D. H. Bedford 
 
 D. Ross 
 
 
 
 . . , . 1 . . . . 
 
 
 Xjambton — • 
 
 Sarnia 
 
 
 
 
 
 .■>. 
 .... 
 
 s" 
 
 
 Birnam 
 
 
 Florence 
 
 Watford 
 
 
 Thedf ord 
 
 Petrolia 
 
 Martin Watson 
 
 P. McG. Brown . . . 
 
 George Yates 
 
 J. L. Wilson 
 
 James Grant 
 
 G. Cathcart 
 
 John Rennle 
 
 A. Francis, M.D... 
 George Bousefield. 
 T. S. Ghalloner ,... 
 
 B. B. Reed 
 
 Henry Anderson. . . 
 William Uglow . . . 
 
 M. Payne 
 
 S. Williams 
 
 S. MaccoU 
 
 1 
 
 Oil Springs 
 
 
 WilsonviUe 
 
 Middlesex — 
 
 Granton 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1'.90 
 
 3.06 
 3.04 
 3.56 
 2.84 
 3.20 
 3.58 
 3.47 
 3.38 
 3.15 
 
 2.68 
 2.80 
 3.49 
 3.00 
 2.08 
 
 3.20 
 2.63 
 3.37 
 2.74 
 2.14 
 3.05 
 
 2,, 57 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 2.69 
 
 2.35 
 2.82 
 2.28 
 2.14 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 9 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ailsa Craig 
 
 
 Delaware 
 
 
 
 Glenooe 
 
 
 
 Strathroy 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.35 
 2.31 
 2.19 
 2.00 
 
 1.65 
 1.69 
 1.91 
 1.92 
 2.12 
 
 2.39 
 2.19 
 2.44 
 2.16 
 2.58 
 2.58 
 
 2.23 
 2.53 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 15 
 11 
 
 it 
 9 
 
 13 
 11 
 
 
 ... 
 
 Wilton Grove.... 
 
 > ■ . . 
 
 Putnam 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 Elgin- 
 Port Stanley 
 
 St. Thomas ..-..,. 
 
 
 
 Cowal 
 
 
 
 
 
 W. MoCredie 
 
 W. H. Draper 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 Aylmer 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 15 
 11 
 4 
 14 
 11 
 
 13 
 13 
 10 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Huron— 
 Goderich 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A.. 
 G. N. Macdonald . . 
 
 G. Hess 
 
 John Varcoe 
 
 G. E. Oresswell.... 
 George Hood 
 
 C.J.MoGregor,M.A 
 
 Alex. McKay 
 
 Angus Campbell. . . 
 
 2.30 
 2.13 
 1.80 
 1.62 
 2.57 
 4.54 
 
 3.18 
 8.48 
 2.26 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 11 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Goderich & House 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zurich 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Carlow 
 
 
 
 Bgmondville 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 Sunshine 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Perth- 
 Stratford 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 Milverton 
 
 ■.;;;i 2:49 
 
 .... 
 
 Klrkton 
 
 
 3.46 
 
 3.43 
 3.96 
 3.50 
 
 
 
 2.58- 
 
 2.58 
 3.02 
 1.61 
 3.72 
 
 2.23 
 1.95 
 1.79 
 
 1.99 
 1.78 
 0.80 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 
 Bruce — 
 Wiarton 
 
 Wm. Woodman.... 
 K. Stewart 
 
 1..50 
 1.66 
 3.01 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Saugeen 
 
 Teeswater 
 
 Robert Clark 
 
 M. J. Norris 
 
 
 
 
 Lion's Head 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oxford - 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Otterville 
 
 Princeton 
 
 Norfolk- 
 
 N. Wolverton, B.A. 
 
 Thos. Wright 
 
 David Beamer 
 
 Rev. G. Grant, B.A. 
 
 H. Morgan 
 
 P. Winksell 1 
 
 0.73 
 0.75 
 1.72 
 
 0.88 
 1.96 
 0.60 
 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 .... 
 
 2.10 
 2.10 
 2.36 
 
 2.17 
 2.09 
 1.68 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 
 
 Ranelagh 
 
 
 
 
 
33 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 TABLE No. XXII. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow, etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 Observers. 
 
 
 Adocst. 
 
 
 September. 
 
 
 October. 
 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 |1 
 
 3.52 
 2.14 
 0.70 
 2.00 
 5.55 
 
 3.45 
 2.51 
 3.47 
 2.54 
 3.99 
 
 1.04 
 0.78 
 0.66 
 0.70 
 
 4.67 
 3.07 
 
 o » 
 
 
 "3« 
 'AQ. 
 
 ^1 
 
 ■3^ 
 d S" 
 
 a 
 
 6 s 
 
 M 
 
 
 II 
 
 "Sri 
 
 Wellington— 
 
 Blora 
 
 Fergus 
 
 J. LaPenotiere 
 
 A. D. Terrier 
 
 A. Shuttleworth . . . 
 
 7 
 10 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 I 
 9 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 4 
 
 
 
 2.26 
 2.70 
 2.14 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 14 
 11 
 13 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 1.66 
 1.92 
 1.18 
 2.61 
 2.56 
 
 3.34 
 3.83 
 3.10 
 3.12 
 3.92 
 
 2.17 
 2.46 
 2.98 
 2.41 
 
 1.95 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 9 
 14 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 "s" 
 
 'b'.i 
 s 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 .... 
 
 Guelph 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.15 
 
 1 
 
 Drayton 
 
 Grey- 
 Owen Sound 
 
 Presque Isle 
 
 Egremont 
 
 Durham 
 
 W. Fitzgerald 
 
 John McLean 
 
 John MoKenzie 
 
 G.J. McCulloch... 
 
 Dr. Gunn 
 
 0. H. Heming 
 
 W. D. A. Ross 
 
 W.R. Fellows 
 
 S. J. Pardo 
 
 Thos. Scane, P.L.S. 
 
 Dr. Passmore 
 
 Alex. Barrie 
 
 T.M.M:cIntyre,M.A 
 E. E. Kitchen 
 
 W. H. Hanning. . . . 
 Rev. J. McBride. . . 
 H. W.Stephens.... 
 
 H. W. Fitton 
 
 H.B.Spotton.M.A. 
 
 J: E. McGarvin.... 
 .T Barhpr 
 
 ... 
 
 
 2.45 
 
 2.48 
 3.58 
 2.57 
 2.93 
 2.61 
 
 3.13 
 2.46 
 2.49 
 2.59 
 
 1.91 
 
 
 "s" 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Bognor 
 
 Kent- 
 Chatham 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Kidgetown 
 
 Waterloo- 
 Conestogo .... ... 
 
 Gait 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Brant- 
 
 
 
 2.42 
 
 2.42 
 
 3.19 
 3.52 
 2.51 
 4.56 
 3.08 
 
 2.58 
 
 7 
 11 
 
 13 
 13 
 10 
 13 
 10 
 
 8 
 16 
 10 
 
 11 
 7 
 9 
 
 13 
 14 
 14 
 10 
 9 
 14 
 10 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 1.56 
 1.11 
 
 2.84 
 2.31 
 3.36 
 2.77 
 2.00 
 
 1.41 
 0.98 
 0.70 
 
 1.51 
 0.33 
 1.63 
 
 4.21 
 3.76 
 3.34 
 3.30 
 3.65 
 3.51 
 3.58 
 4.38 
 
 1.10 
 
 2.84 
 0.97 
 1.24 
 0.91 
 
 1.66 
 
 2.29 
 1.45 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 12 
 10 
 14 
 14 
 13 
 
 6 
 16 
 10 
 
 11 
 5 
 6 
 
 12 
 11 
 15 
 10 
 10 
 16 
 13 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 
 St. George 
 
 Simcoe — 
 
 3.41 
 
 0.90 
 1.83 
 1.75 
 1.49 
 1.71 
 
 1.37 
 1.31 
 2.06 
 
 1.98 
 2.34 
 2.60 
 
 2.62 
 1.16 
 1.48 
 2.53 
 1.01 
 1.16 
 1.34 
 1.54 
 
 2.82 
 
 2.47 
 1.83 
 3.47 
 1.41 
 
 2.43 
 
 1.92 
 1.12 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10. 
 10 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Penetanguishene . 
 
 Glenoairn.. . . 
 
 Orillia 
 
 "s" 
 "s" 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 Halton— 
 
 
 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Oakville 
 
 .... 
 
 
 2.. 59 
 
 s 
 
 2 
 
 F. Cottle 
 
 ....,' 1.97 
 
 
 
 
 Wentworth— 
 
 Hamilton i 
 
 N. Glandford .... 
 
 Capetown 
 
 Muskoka— 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 G. Dickson, B.A. .. 
 
 E. Dickenson 
 
 John Ireland 
 
 Rev. R. Mpsley.... 
 John HoUingworth . 
 T. M. Robinson.... 
 
 Dr. Rowland 
 
 Wm. Simmons . . . 
 
 E. B. Sutton 
 
 M. McAllister 
 
 C: J. Tisdall 
 
 W. B. Dixie, M.B. . 
 
 Capt. Sibbald 
 
 Observatory 
 
 J. B. Armstrong... 
 R. Martin . ; 
 
 R. Cameron 
 
 
 2.89 
 2.81 
 2.98 
 
 4.82 
 5.25 
 4.56 
 5.13 
 4.08 
 3.86 
 4.16 
 4.79 
 
 2.27 
 
 3.03 
 2.38 
 2.93 
 2.33 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.80 
 1 68 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 H'untBville 
 
 Bracebridge 
 
 Bala 
 
 S 1 1 
 
 
 
 s 
 s 
 s 
 s 
 
 sS 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Hillside 
 
 
 
 "s" 
 
 
 X 
 
 Hoodstown 
 
 Peel- 
 Credit 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 York-- 
 
 
 
 
 Georgina 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 Lincoln — . 
 
 St. Catharines. . . . 
 Welland- 
 
 Welland 
 
 Thorald 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. Minhinnick 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34 
 
 THE WEATHER 
 TABLE No. XXII. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow, etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 Obs£bvebb. 
 
 AuansT. 
 
 Seftehbeb, 
 
 OOTOBER. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 1 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d& 
 
 II 
 
 1i 
 
 "Victoria — 
 
 Thomas Beall 
 
 John Stewart . 
 
 John McTaggart'. . . 
 
 P. M. Rae 
 
 R. C. Brandon 
 
 Rev. J. Middleton . 
 
 John Foott 
 
 H. Elliott 
 
 1.34 
 1.95 
 1.51 
 
 3.94 
 1.59 
 3.97 
 
 2.85 
 3.27 
 
 1.43 
 3.24 
 2.70 
 2.37 
 1.48 
 3.00 
 
 2.29 
 1.69 
 5.07 
 1.80 
 2.01 
 2.60 
 
 1.97 
 
 1.24 
 3.60 
 4.11 
 1.65 
 1.71 
 
 1.10 
 1.55 
 
 1.45 
 
 2.70 
 
 1.20 
 2.96 
 2.18 
 2.00 
 
 3.63 
 2.56 
 
 1.83 
 
 9 
 6 
 8 
 
 9 
 7 
 9 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 6 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 9 
 
 11 
 7 
 9 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 2.25 
 2.82 
 4.01 
 
 6.58 
 2.29 
 2.58 
 
 2.21 
 
 ' 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 U 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1.68 
 1.98 
 2.76 
 
 9.20 
 1.41 
 1.13 
 
 1.27 
 
 15 
 12 
 14 
 
 12 
 5 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 S 
 S 
 S 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Bobcaygeon 
 
 Kirkfield 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 Ontario- 
 Brechin 
 
 Cannington 
 
 
 ?. . . 
 
 
 Oshawa 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 J^urham — 
 Port Hope 
 
 
 
 Hampton 
 
 
 
 
 
 Peterborough — 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Lakefield 
 
 W. O'Connor, M.A. 
 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 Thos. Telford 
 
 C. O'Gorman, M.D. 
 
 W. H. Hales 
 
 C. R. Stewart 
 
 Messrs. Rathbuu . . . 
 
 J. Cleak 
 
 John Johnston 
 
 Ben. Spurr 
 
 B. F. Butler 
 
 W.J.Clarke .... 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 
 A. Sohultz 
 
 
 
 1.03 
 2.33 
 3.02 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 12 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 0.64 
 1.57 
 2.19 
 0.88 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 12 
 in 
 
 
 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 Hastings .... 
 
 .... 1.53 
 .... 3.30 
 .... 2.40 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Burleigh 
 
 
 
 1.79 8 
 
 
 Haliburton . ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hastings— 
 
 Deseronto 
 
 Bancroft . . 1 
 
 
 4.72 
 2.27 
 2.04 
 2.86 
 1.51 
 0.76 
 
 2.70 
 
 4.21 
 8.13 
 4.20 
 3.33 
 3.52 
 
 2.52 
 1.78 
 
 2.32 
 
 2.15 
 
 3.06 
 0.411 
 1.66 
 2.51 
 
 2.70 
 2.34 
 
 2.87 
 
 1.74 
 
 2.74 
 
 12 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 
 10 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 11 
 
 12 
 11 
 12 
 
 10 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 "s" 
 
 "2 
 
 2.33 
 2.79 
 1.11 
 2.96 
 1.12 
 0.40 
 
 3.64 
 
 2.18 
 6.03 
 3.81 
 1.83 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 10 
 11 
 10 
 
 s" 
 s 
 
 "2 
 
 Belleville 
 
 ' L'Amable 
 
 Sterling 
 
 Trenton 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 Trontenac — 
 
 Kingston 
 
 .Renfrew — 
 
 Clontarf 
 
 1 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 A. Thompson 
 
 W. H. Mclntyre... 
 
 F. Kosmsuk 
 
 W. E. Smallfield . . . 
 
 J. BurchiU, P.L.S. . 
 C. Chapman 
 
 J. MacmiHan, M.A. 
 
 T. G. Porter 
 
 E. H. Ruttau 
 
 Wm. Grange 
 
 John Donnelly 
 
 James Lane 
 
 James Smith, M.A. 
 James H. Grant . . . 
 
 Rev. J. Fairlie. ... 
 
 F. Iveson 
 
 
 
 
 RockUffe 
 
 Northoote 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 :;:: 
 
 "GrrenviUe — 
 
 Merrickville 
 
 
 
 1.55 
 2.25 
 
 2.35 
 
 2.61 
 
 1.47 
 
 11 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Edwardsburgh . . . 
 
 
 
 Ottawa — 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Lennox — 
 
 Bath 
 
 Addington — 
 
 Glastonbury 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 Newburgh 
 
 
 
 
 Harrowsmith 
 
 Denbigh 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 1.94 
 3.12 
 
 1.82 
 1.55 
 
 2.46 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.95 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 11 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 's' 
 s 
 
 "i' 
 1 
 
 Stormont— 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Lunenburg 
 
 Prescott — 
 L'Orignal 
 
 Russell- 
 Metcalfe 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 .... 
 
 Xanark — 
 
 Oliver's Ferry . . . 
 
 A. E. Hume 
 
 1 _ — 
 
 1.53 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 1 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS: 
 
 l!*^-A,"5r 15, 1SS4. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 This Report of the Bureau deals chiefly with crops and live stock, and is based on 
 information furnished by a staff of six hundred and thirty correspondents. In 1882 and 
 1883 the May Report was compiled from returns made on the 1st of the month, but for 
 many parts of the Province this date appears to be too early for the average season. 
 Accordingly the time for making returns this year has been changed to the 1 5th, and the 
 condition of grain, grass and fruit crops in the Report must be regarded as their condition 
 at that date. 
 
 The statistics in the first Table relating to areas and population have been collected 
 by the assessors of rural municipalities, and reported to the Bureau through the clerks. A 
 number of townships, chiefly in the eastern counties of the Province, have not yet been 
 heard from, and for those counties the figures are in part estimated. The totals, however,, 
 will not be disturbed to any appreciable extent when the returns are completed. Com- 
 pared with 1885 the acreages and population for the Province are as follows : 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 Acres of assessed land 21,462,044 21,312,117 
 
 " resident land 20,719,405 
 
 " non-resident land 742,639 
 
 " cleared land 10,755,846 10,587,688 
 
 " woodland 8,554,442 8,668,020 
 
 " swamp, marsh or waste land 2,151,757 2,056,409 
 
 Acres under fall wheat 937,559 1,181,425 
 
 orchard and garden 193^57 201,185 
 
 Rural population 1,115,724 1,113,393 
 
 The reduced area of orchard and garden is no doubt owing to the difficulty of obtain- 
 ing uniform acreages from farmers in successive years, and this difficulty is increased 
 where the aggregate is made up of a large number of parts. There are not many farmers 
 who know the exact area of land they have in orchard and garden, arid a difference of 
 one-half or even one-quarter of an acre more or less in one year than another may make a 
 
decided change in the whole quantity. It very rarely occurs, indeed, that in the oldest 
 and best settled townships the area of assessed land is the same one year after another, a& 
 recorded on the assessment rolls. 
 
 The average of wages paid to farm labourers in each county is made up from the 
 reports of correspondents. The supply of good farm hands is larger than in May of last 
 year, and the rate of wages is lower. 
 
 The tables of temperature, sunshine and rainfall have, as usual, been prepared under < 
 the direction of Mr. Carpmael, Superintendent of the Meteorological Office. 
 
 FALL WHEAT. 
 
 The condition of fall wheat in the Province is much more satisfactory than it was in 
 May of last year. Yet it is not uniformly good, and there are some districts in which 
 the outlook is somewhat gloomy. This is noticeably the case in the extreme ends of the 
 Province — westward of the meridian of London, and eastward of the meridian of King- 
 ston. For the large middle district the accounts are on the whole favourable, and the 
 weather of this month has caused a marked, improvement to take place everywhere. The 
 following Table gives 'by County groups the acreage of crop sown for the years 1884 and 
 1883, as collected by township assessors : 
 
 ^ , ^ . 1884. 1883. 
 
 Lake Erie 219,489 245,991 
 
 Lake Huron 159,719 197,481 
 
 Georgian Bay 79,542 105,798 
 
 West Midland 270,986 343,532 
 
 Lake Ontario. 159,191 212,554 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 22 439 ' 37 422 
 
 East Midland. '. 26^094 38!ll3 
 
 jS'orthern Districts 99 534 
 
 Totals 937,559 1,181,425 
 
 This shows a decrease of about one-fifth in the breadth. of fall wheat sown, but last year's 
 crop was reduced to 1,091,467 acres by portions of it being ploughed up or resown in 
 the spring. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties the crop got a poor start in the fall, but excepting in the southern 
 portions of Essex and Kent it was well protected throughout the winter, and though thin on the 
 ground It looked healthy when the snow disappeared in spring. In the localities mentioned it suffered 
 much from intense cold and a strong wind off the lake in the month of January, and correspondents 
 report that considerable areas have been ploughed up or resown with barley. The extent of this iniurv 
 in the townships of South Colchester, Gosfield and Mersea is estimated at about 60 per cent Spring 
 frosts and raw east winds had injurious effects in all the counties of this group, but especially in Essex 
 Kent and Elgin. The reports for Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland are much more encouraging, and 
 farmers are hop.eful of securmg an average yield. Great improvement has taken place during the 
 present month, especially on the sandy, gravelly and loamy soils. The worst effects of spring frosts 
 were noticeable on undrained clay lands, but cloudy weather favoured a partial recwerv The 
 great importance of tree shelter is frequently referred to by correspondents, as also the necessity of 
 emcient tillage and underdrainage. •' 
 
 , . ?'-'l9"SK!^^P°'^*l ^'^°™ *^^ ^?^^ ^."^°° counties vary considerably in estimating the extent to 
 which the fall wheat crop has been injured, they are practically unanimous as to the causes of • the 
 mjury and its distribution as regards soil and cultivation. The dry weather of seedtime, followed as it 
 was by frost and cold winds m September and October, left the young plants rather feebly equipped to 
 encounter successfully the viscissitudes of wmter and spring ; and though they were in fair condition 
 when the snow disappeared the dry frosts of the latter part of March and the early part of April did 
 serious and, m many p aces, irrecoverable damage to the crop. Wheat sown on light drv soils ' 
 generally sustained the least injury, though in a few cases low, rich, "mucky " soils, and, in a few 
 others, well-dramed clay lands, are mentioned as having enjoyed almost complete immunity from 
 damage. Upon this point, .however, the reports may be summed up by saying that the best safe- 
 guaras against the effects of the spring frosts proved as usual to be— putting the crop in earlv and 
 well, and thorough underdrainage in the case of land not naturally dry and well drained Two or 
 
three correspondents mention the poor quality of the seed wheat sown as one cause— though evidently 
 a minor one — of the poor appearance of the crop. As mentioned in the November report of the 
 Bureau, the new seed last year was shrunken with rust and foul with weeds, and probably for that 
 reason farmers were unable to exercise their usual care in the selection of seed grain. As the reports 
 to the Bureau were made in the midst of weather favourable to the partial recovery of the fall wheat, 
 the effects of the spring frosts may yet be considerably modified, and for this reason it would be 
 unsafe to make a very positive estimate of the crop at this date. But, leaving this uncertain factor out 
 of account, the fall wheat in these three counties can hardly be expected to be more than from one- 
 half to two-thirds of a full crop for the total acreage sown. The quantity ploughed up has been large 
 m some parts of Huron county, while in Lambton and Bruce the acreage so dealt with is on the 
 whole inconsiderable. 
 
 The accounts from the Creorgian Bay counties strike every note from " very poor " to " excellent," 
 yet as a whole they promise a crop somewhat below the average. Considerably less than the usual 
 breadth was sown, and of this a large area was got in so late that, though the crop wintered fairly 
 well, the young plants had not vitality enough to withstand' the frosts and cold winds of March and 
 the early part of April. Wheat on exposed knolls and uplands from which the wind swept the 
 snow in winter and early spring suffered most; while that on low, clayey soils, especially 
 when well drained, escaped with but slight damage. As usual the reports practically concur 
 as to the good effects of early sowing and efficient drainage in enabling the plants to resist 
 the prevailing spring frosts. Unfortunately, however, the acreage of wheat which was both 
 early sown and well-drained is this year apparently but a small proportion of the entire crop in 
 those counties. One report from the township of Innisfil, Simooe county, mentions the Hessian 
 fly as a local, and apparently not a very serious cause of damage to the crop. The quantity of land 
 ploughed up is very small, even in cases where the reports are rather gloomy, — a fact which would 
 seem to imply an expectation of recovery under the influence of the recent more favourable weather. 
 
 The West Midland counties promise a full average crop, Perth being about the only member of 
 the group which does not expect to realize this hope. In nearly all cases where failure is present, it 
 is not general or in wide areas, but in patches, so that it would appear to be due not so much to 
 universal as to local or incidental causes. The reports concur in tracing these causes to late sowing, to 
 consequently retarded growth, to the dry, cold winds and the frosty nights of April, and to the want 
 of careful cultivation, shelter, and especially drainage. The wheat generally wintered successfully, 
 but on emerging from the snow it had attained such little growth, unless guarded by effective 
 drainage or shelter, as to be peculiarly liable to frost. While in some oases lov, flat, heavy, 
 undrained lands have lost half their growth, and have had to be ploughed up for other crops, 
 properly drained lands, whether light or heavy, especially if sown early, almost invariably promise 
 to yield abundantly. The general condition may be succinctly summarized in the words of a Middle- 
 sex correspondent : " On light, loamy soil, well drained by nature or art, well sheltered and well tilled, 
 and put in in season, very good ; on flat soil, and heavy clay, with these conditions reversed, appear- 
 ance poor, and in some cases very poor. " Another correspondent in Waterloo county saya : "On light 
 soil or drained land, where early sown, very good ; on the same soil, ten days later sown, very inferior : 
 on heavy or undrained land, very poor." Under the recent genial showers the wheat has taken a fresh 
 start, and with a continuance of favourable weather some of even the poorest fields, where the plant 
 though thin shows vitality, have a chance of recovery. In certain rare cases in Oxford and Middlesex 
 the wireworm has been at work, but otherwise fall wheat is thus far almost entirely free from 
 worm and insect pests. 
 
 The reports from the counties bordering on Lake Ontario are extremely encouraging. Generally, 
 the crop promises to be above the average, and in the western counties of the group, where fall wheat is 
 more largely sown than in the eastern, it is said to look " better than for years. " From the adverse 
 conditions which have been more or less destructive in other districts, the Lake Ontario counties have 
 suffered but very slightly. The plant generally came through the winter backward, but healthy ; and 
 though frost destroyed some fields in a few northern townships, and som^patches elsewhere owing 
 to defective drainage, in most cases the only effect of the dry cold of Ap^I was to retard growtb. 
 With the recent rains however, the wheat has taken a fresh and vigorous start, and is rapidly making 
 up for lost time. The farmers are highly satisfied with the prospect, for it is now growing well ; it 
 appears to be entirely free from insect pests ; and, except in a few isolated instances, they will 
 not be under the rueful necessity of ploughing up any portion of their wheat fields for other crops. 
 
 Returns from the St. Lawrence and Ottawa group more than confirm the statement made 
 in the November report of the Bureau as to the decreased acreage of fall wheat sown in these 
 counties, and the unpromising condition of the crop when the snow fell. Fall wheat is never very 
 largely sown in the eastern end of the Province, and the bad outlook for the decreased area under 
 that crop this year will be likely still further to discourage its growth. Lennox and Addington 
 are the only counties in the group from which the reports are anything like uniformly favourable, 
 and in Lanark, Renfrew, Dundas and Glengarry it is almost a total failure, occasional well-sheltered 
 patches being apparently about the only exception. The reports from the other counties vary, but 
 only in a few isolated localities does there appear to be a prospect of even a fair yield, while over 
 large areas nearly the whole crop has been ploughed up and resown in spring grain. Spring frosts, 
 acting on plants which had attained only a feeble growth in the fall, are usually given as the 
 cause of failure ; but in some places the crop suffered from the great depth of snow, and the icy crust 
 which formed on its surface after the January rains. While the spring frosts naturally proved most 
 destructive to the tender, late-sown plants, those which attained a rank growth in the fall suffered 
 
most damage from " smothering '' by the snow. As a rule, light sandy loam soils did best, but some 
 reports speak of heavy clay land, well-drained, as being specially exempt from the general destruc- 
 tion. In some cases farmers seem at a loss to account for the failure, as in the following report from 
 the township of McNab, Renfrew county ; " I do not know a good field of fall wheat in this town- 
 ship. It is nearly all ploughed up, and I do not know any difference as to soil. A few patches on 
 new land are all that remain. All are at a loss to know the cause, as the season appeared favourable. 
 The wheat appeared to rot in the ground, as the snow lay deep, and there was scarcely any frost in the 
 ground." One report from Kenyon township. Glengarry county, speaks of "severe attacks by grub- 
 worms. " 
 
 In the East Midland counties the condition of the crop is rather varying. In Victoria the 
 opening of spring found the growth thin and delicate, and the frosts of April were so destructive as 
 to leave only the prospect of a yield much below the average. Some fields in the southern portion 
 of the county, enjoying exceptional advantages in the way of drainage and shelter, are looking strong 
 and healthy ; but elsewhere the outlook is anything but cheering, and on many farms from 25 to 50 
 per cent, of the wheat has been ploughed up. In Peterboro', on the other hand, it appears to have more 
 successfully withstood the frost, "^nd gives promise of a fair average yield. As in other counties, the 
 lateness of the sowing season gave no chance for good growth in the fall, but under the nourishing 
 influence of the recent rains the plant is turning out much better than the conditions of a month 
 ago seemed to warrant any hope for. In Hastings and Haliburton fall wheat is not so largely culti- 
 vated as in the other counties of this group, but where sown and properly attended to it is a fairly 
 successful crop. No injury from worms or insects is anywhere complained of. On the whole, present 
 appearances do not give hope of an average crop in this district, though there is a possibility of a con- 
 tinuance of favourable weather producing such a change as to require a modification of this report for 
 the better. The rule so frequently cited elsewhere has been equally realized here, that a successful 
 crop is not so dependent upon the character of the soil as upon such controllable conditions as 
 efficient drainage, summer fallowing, early sowing, shelter, and careful husbandry. The greatest 
 damage has been inflicted on soils which are low and nndrained, or which are unprotected from the 
 northern winds. 
 
 In the Northern districts of the Province fall wheat is not grown, except in a few isolated instances 
 in some of the more southerly townships of Muskoka. In these oases, however, it is reported to be 
 thriving, especially on light and dry soils. 
 
 RYE. 
 
 The only counties in the western peninsula of the Province in which rye is 
 grown at all extensively are Norfolk and Haldimand, though in nearly all the western 
 counties occasional fields are sown, chiefly for the purpose of soiling and grazing. In 
 some of the Lake Ontario counties, and in others in the eastern part of the Province, it 
 is raised on a more extensive scale, especially on the lighter soils. Owing, however, to 
 the recent low prices, less was sown last fall than usual. In the west the small breadth 
 sown is almost invariably reported to be in good condition, and although a good many 
 reports from the eastern counties speak of partial failures by winter-killing and spring 
 frosts, the crop as a whole promises to be a fairly good one. From the counties of Peter- 
 borough, Simcoe, Addington, Hastings and Prince Edward the reports are almost without 
 exception favourable, but in some of the counties to the east of these pairtial failure has 
 occurred. 
 
 CLOVER. 
 
 The clover fields m every part of the Province are in a magnificent condition, 
 and give promise of an abundant yield. Many report the prospect as better than it 
 has been for years. Last season was highly favourable to the growth of the newly- 
 seeded plant, and enabled it to secure a fine "catch" on the soil before the advent of the 
 cold weather. Winter was ushered in by a heavy fall of snow, which remained in most 
 parts of the Province until spring, and then departed so gently as to leave but little frost 
 m the ground ; so that the clover began this season well-advanced, healthy, and robust. 
 When the cold and frosts of April came it was fortified against them, and emerged from 
 the ordeal much more successfully than the fall wheat. Indeed, as a rule, their only effect 
 was to delay growth for a time. Old meadows were somewhat thinned out by heaving, 
 
especially where the soil is low and undrained, or is heavy clay, or in patches where the 
 plant was exposed in winter. But the new clover generally came through unscathed, and 
 the aggregate injury has been insignificant. Under the stimulus of the recent rains, the 
 clover fields are now thriving amazingly, and at this writing look from a week to ten days 
 ahead of their condition at the corresponding period of last year. Where the reports are 
 uniformly so favourable, it is difficult to compare localities. From the counties bordering 
 on the lakes there is scarcely a complaint ; the same may be said, perhaps slightly modi- 
 fied, of the midland counties ; it is only in some of the more northerly townships of the 
 Ottawa valley that there have been losses sufficiently serious to aflfcct the average. 
 Altogether, the farmers of Ontario are likely to have very little reason to complain of 
 either the quality or quantity of the clover crop. 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Throughout the whole Province live stock wintered unusually well, and left the 
 stables in spring in healthy condition. This remark is especially true of cattle and shSep, 
 and of that portion of Ontario east of Toronto, though even in the western peninsula 
 the exceptions are not serious. The scarcity of corn in those counties where it is a staple 
 crop, and especially in Essex and Kent, produced a partial famine among swine in some 
 localities, and a considerable number died in. consequence. In different parts of the Pro- 
 vince a good many foals, and a less number of brood mares, were lost at or shortly after 
 foaling, and in others a rather severe type of " distemper," epizootic or influenza, pre- 
 vailed, with occasional deaths, more especially of younger animals. Any other diseases 
 among live stock were apparently very local in their area, and the mortality small. 
 
 Taking the Lake Erie t;roup of counties as a whole, live atook passed through the winter io fair 
 condition, notwithstanding the scarcity of solid food. The only class of stock which formed a general 
 exception to the rule was hogs, which, especially in Essex and Kent, suffered severely from the scarcity 
 of corn and other grain, notwithstanding that like other stock their numbers were reduced to meet 
 that condition of things. A considerable number of swine died in Colchester aad Mersea, Essex 
 county, owing to the scarcity of food, and a large number of the reports from Essex and Kent speak 
 of the unusually thin condition of hogs when the spring opened. Cattle, horses and sheep, generally 
 speaking, stood the winter well, and left cover in spring in fair condition. Though straw was scarce 
 in many localities, hay was abundant, and spring opened in time to prevent any serious distress from 
 the soaroity of fodder. There were exceptions, however. A correspondent in South Colchester, Essex 
 county, writes : " Horses had little or no grain during the winter^ and in some oases are doing spring 
 work on nothing but hay and grass. Cattle are mostly all very lean, and a few have died owing to the 
 scarcity of fodder." In Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland there is little complaint of the scarcity of 
 fodder, though some correspondents comment on the paucity of grain, and especially corn. Diseases 
 of one kind and another are reported as prevailing over very limited areas. A correspondent in Col- 
 chester North, Eisex county, reports " a disease amongst cattle which caused bloating, want of appe- 
 tite, and a rapid loss of flesh, but there were no fatal cases." A few cases of pinkeye among horses 
 are reported from Mersea, Essex county, but none were fatal. In Maidstone, in the sairie county, 
 " disease carried oflf a considerable number of hogs." A correspondent in Malahide, Elgin coaaty, 
 ■ " ■ ■ " ' .-J--- ..— They 
 
 suffered from a mouth disease which, however, only proved fatal in a few iustances^" From the same 
 township comes the report that "a great many mares are losing their foals ; sonte before, but more 
 after foaling." The same correspondent says "a hacking cough exists among the cattle,' but he 
 reports no serious consequences. 
 
 With but rare exceptions the reports for the Lake Huron counties are of the most favourable 
 character. In nearly every part o£ these three large counties, and particularly in Huron and Bruce, 
 fodder was abundant ; live atock'of every description wintered thrivingly, and left the stable m the 
 spring in excellent condition. Only a few isolated exceptions require special mention. Two or three 
 correspondents in Lambton speak of the scarcity of corn for the feeding of swine ; one correspondent 
 in Moore township, in the saine county, states that a few cattle died owing to the scarcity of food, and 
 another in Dawn, also in Lambton county, says that fat cattle are somewhat scarce owmg to the same 
 cause. A correspondent in East Wawanosh, Huron county, mentions that horses are troubled with a 
 
bad cough which eome think a symptom of pinkeye, and others, of epizootic ; while correspondents 
 in different parts of the same county mention " distemper " and influenza of an unusually severe type 
 as prevailing among horses, but no fatal cases are reported. From Grreenock, Bruce county, comes a 
 report that ' ' quite a number of mares died in foaling from some unknown cause, " and in Elderslie, in 
 the same county, there have been some cases of " strangles or distemper among horses, but not much 
 mortality. " 
 
 In every part of the Georgian Bay counties live stock is generally reported to be in excellent 
 condition. " Distemper," fepizootio or influenza — as the same afection seems to be variously described 
 — prevails among horses in diflferent localities, but not to much more than the usual extent, and 
 with but little mortality. In one part of Innisfil, Simcoe county, "a good many foals were born 
 weakly, and died shortly after birth," and diarrhoea among sheep is reported from Keppel, Grey 
 county. These are about the only exceptions to the rule. Lambs are unusually abundant. 
 
 Generally speaking, live stock of every description has stood the winter well throughout the West 
 Midland counties, though cattle are reported to be thin in flesh in localities where the root crop failure 
 was accompanied by a scarcity of the coarser grains. A good deal of distemper is reported among horses, 
 and especially the younger animals, and in some places there have been a few deaths from this cause. 
 In the township of Peel, Wellington county, one correspondent says that ' ' some old sheep died with 
 grub in the head and liver fluke." In other places a considerable number of lambs have died, though, 
 taking the districlj as a whole, they are abundant and healthy. The mortality among lambs in one part 
 of West Garafraxa, Wellington county, is reported to be as high as thirty per cent. A correspondent 
 in Waterloo township, county of Waterloo, writes that ' ' sheep were in a great many cases greatly 
 impaired in vigour by close confinement, with functional disorders of the digestive organs, and a con- 
 siderable percentage died. " In other limited localities a good many deaths among mares and foals are 
 said to have occurred, for which no particular cause appears assignable, and in others abortion among 
 cows is attributed to the wet season and musty hay. Several correspondents in Wellington and Perth 
 mention an unusual and unexplained mortality among young pigs. In Blandford, Oxford county, "the 
 death of a great many spring lambs and a considerable number of milch cows is attributed to the 
 scarcity of roots." As already indicated, however, none of these causes are so extensively distributed 
 as to have any serious effect upon the supply of any class of live stock for the whole district. 
 
 Fodder was abundant in the Lake Ontario counties,. and live stock are almost invariably reported 
 to have stood the winter well, and come out in fine, thrifty condition. A scarcity of young swine is 
 occasionally reported, and correspondents in York and Ontario counties state that an unusual number 
 of foals and brood mares have been lost, "largely owing to mismanagement," as one correspondent 
 avers. There has been the usual amount of horse distemper during the winter, but there has been 
 little if any mortality. 
 
 In the East Midland and St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties, and in the northern districts of the 
 Province, the condition of live stock of all kinds is almost universally favourable. Fodder was 
 generally abundant, stock wintered well, and any diseases mentioned by correspondents have not been 
 attended with any considerable mortality, but were confined to limited areas. In the township of 
 Chandos, Peterborough county, one correspondent reports that horses have been affected by a disease 
 which some farmers suppose to be pinkeye, and others water farcy. . Pinkeye is also reported fjom 
 some of the lumber camps in the county of Frontenac, and .a few oases of supposed farcy from the 
 county of Russell. In some localities in South Leeds the horse distemper assumed a severe type, and 
 a few animals died. A severe cough among horses is reported from two or three other places, 
 veterinary surgeons attributing it to the too free consumption of clover hay. A brain affection, of a 
 kmd apparently not very well understood, has carried off some sheep in Greuville, and several 
 correspondents m Glengarry each report a few cases of blackleg or blackfoot among cattle. 
 
 SUPPLIES OF WHEAT, FODDER, FAT CATTLE, Etc. 
 
 Accounts from all parts of the Province represent the supply of wheat in farmers' 
 hands as limited to the requirements of home consumption. In the Lake Huron, Georgian 
 Bay, some of the West Midland and nearly all of the St. La-wrence and Ottawa counties, 
 numbers of farmers did not grow more than enough for their own needs ; but as a con- 
 siderable quantity of the crop of 1882 had been held over, the importation of wheat has 
 not been necessary to any marked extent. In some localities, however, as in the counties 
 of Huron and Bruce, millers have obtained wheat from Manitoba to meet the local 
 demand. The large mills engaged in the manufacture of flour for the export trade have 
 imported freely from the Western States, being unable to procure a sufficiency of grain 
 of suitable quality in the Provincial markets. Reports from the highlands of Dufierin, 
 Wellington and Grey mention that many-farmers have on hand a stock of frosted spring 
 wheat which, being unmerchantable, is either made into flour for home use or fed to cattle 
 
and hogs, according to its fitness. The stock of wheat in granary and warehouse has not 
 been so low m the Province as it is at the present time since the year following the bad 
 harvest of 1876. J B 
 
 There has been a plentiful supply of hay in all parts of the Province ; prices have ruled 
 low throughout the winter, and a large surplus will be held over for next winter's feeding. 
 Last year's crop was so uniformly good that farmers could afibrd to feed with a liberal 
 hand. The stock of oats is generally sufficient for the feeding of working animals on the 
 farm until the next crop is harvested, but owing to the failure of wheat, tsom, peas and 
 roots, an unusually large quantity of oats was sold to grain dealers, or was fed as " chopped 
 stufi'" during the winter. 
 
 Many correspondents report that the number of stall-fed animals was less than last 
 year,— partly owing to a drop in prices last fall, but chiefly to the failure of the root and 
 corn crops. In the Lake Huron, West Midland and some of the Lake Ontario counties, 
 however, a large number have recently been sold to dealers and will be shipped to the 
 British markets about the first of June. Prices have usually ranged from $5 to $6 per 
 hundredweight. The supply of store cattle is larger than usual, and having come through 
 the winter in good condition they will be finished on the grass by July or August. 
 
 There is a disposition on the part of farmers to go more largely into cattle feeding, 
 and to depend less and less on grain growing, except as may be required for feeding 
 purposes. They have confidence in the export trade to maintain good prices, and all who 
 have studied the subject are convinced that not only is it better for the land to produce 
 more beef and less breadstuff's for the foreign markets, but that taking one year with 
 another the cash returns are larger and less liable to fluctuation. 
 
 PRUIT TREES AND VEGETATION. 
 
 This season has been on the whole highly favourable to grass and forest vegetation. 
 Although for a time aftfer the snow left, it was retarded by the period of dry, cold 
 weather which intervened, the recent rains have wonderfully stimulated growth. At this 
 date vegetation is fully up to the average stage of other years, and several days ahead of 
 what it was at the corresponding period of last year. Pastures look rich and vigorous, 
 and in many parts of the Province cattle have already been turned into them ; the forests 
 are rapidly coming into leaf. The general outlook for fruit bespeaks a high average crop 
 of nearly all kinds, contrasting agreeably with the failure of last season. All orchard trees 
 survived the winter without serious injury frou^rost, excepting the peach trees, so many of 
 which have been destroyed as to leave hopes oi only a very inferior crop ; a few localities, 
 however, in the Niagara peninsula and in the extreme south-west of the Province, promise 
 a fair yield. Apple and pear trees are everywhere healthy and laden with blossoms, and 
 are likely to bear enormously. The prospect for small fruits of all kinds is equally bright. 
 Plum and cherry trees, in that section of the Province lying to the west of Lake Ontario, 
 have been greatly injured by black-knot, and in the Lake Huron counties the blight of 
 last season is found to have left a large proportion of the plum trees dead. The 
 eastern section of the Province appears thus far to enjoy comparative immunity from the 
 ravages of black-knot, and there are still hopes of a moderately fair yield. The deep 
 snows of last winter encouraged the depredations of field mice, which have girdled con- 
 siderable numbers of young trees. 
 
 The Lake Erie counties, though rejoicing this year ia an early spring, did not for several weeks 
 show much progress in vegetation, owing to the prevalence of cold, dry weather. With the alternate 
 rains and sunshine of the past few days, however, vegetation has taken a great leap forward, and is 
 now fully up to the average, and from ten days to two weeks in advance of that of the last two years. 
 Grass already affords a strong, heavy pasturage, and forest trees are rapidly taking on their foliage. 
 The outlook for fruits in general in this district is quite encouraging, in view of the dismal failure of 
 last season. Apple and pear trees, grape-vines, currant and raspberry bushes, eto.j are strong and 
 healthy, and bid fair to blossom profusely. Plums and cherries in Essex and Kent, as well as in some 
 localities in the vicinity of the Lake in other counties, are doing well ; but elsewhere the trees of both 
 are terribly, almost fatally, afBioted with black-knot. Although all other fruits survived the winter 
 \ 
 
10 
 
 comparatively uninjured, peaches appear to have been badly frost-bitten ; they are certain to be 
 scarce except, perhaps, in certain favoured portions of Haldimand, Welland and Lincoln, where the 
 expectation is expressed that there will be " enough left for a fair crop." A few complaints are made 
 of young trees having been girdled by mice, and one complaint comes from Norfolk of lice on apple 
 buds. But generally, with the exceptions noted, the fruit crop promises to be abundant. 
 
 Vegetation is well advanced in the Lake Huron and Georgian Bay counties. There is a rich 
 growth of grass, and nearly all cattle are by this time in the fields ; and the forests are beginning to 
 assume a very decided tinge of green. With regard to fruit, the buds are just now swelling, and there 
 is every pirospeot of apples, pears, cherries and, in some places, plfims being loaded with blooms. As 
 a rule, however, both plums and peaches are foredoomed to failure. The former especially, all 
 through the northern part of this usually splendid plum region, has this year met with some dire 
 calamity, which has left thousands of trees dead to the roots, in not a few instances whole orchards 
 having been destroyed. One correspondent in Grey mentions a case in which a single orchard has 
 lost a thousand trees since last season, all of which have been chopped down. This disaster is not an 
 effect of the past winter, which was generally favourable to fruit. It is variously attributed to black- 
 knot, to exhaustion from previous overbearing, to last year's blight, and to frosts of last fall and this 
 spring. A Bruce correspondent suggests this theory for it : " Warm weather in the latter part of 
 March started the sap of plum and peach trees too soon, so that the cold weather in April, going down 
 sometimes to 7° above zero, blighted and killed many trees." There are complaints in Lambton of the 
 ourculio, and in many cases of trees having been kUled by mice. In Bruce rose bugs have appeared 
 on the fruit buds of some apple trees. 
 
 There is a fine appearance of vegetation in the West Midland group. On the forwardness of the 
 season, Mr. W. Sutherland, of Glenooe, remarks : " I have kept a record of the time of blossoming of 
 the wild plum for the past fourteen years, varying from April 27th, in 1871, to May 19th, in 1873. I 
 find the average to be May 10th, the day on which it blossomed this year." The prospect for fruits Js 
 on the whole encouraging. The abundance of blossom-buds indicates an auspicious season for apples, 
 pears, currants, raspberries and for small fruits generally. Plum and cherry trees are well-laden 
 with flowers, which excite expectations of a fair average crop, although the old complaint of the black- 
 knot working destruotio» to the timber of both comes from every part of this district. To the 
 common red cherry this pest threatens utter destruction; some of the other varieties appear 
 to be exempt from it. The curoulio is reported to be already showing activity on plum trees in 
 Middlesex. Grape-vines have survived the winter without material injury., and are growing vigour- 
 ously. The peach alone has suffered seriously from cold, and of this fruit there will be a considerable 
 deficiency ; in many cases the trees have been destroyed. A correspondent in Brantford says that in 
 his locality they have been "killed to the snow-line." Throughout this whole district field mice, 
 favoured by the deep snows of the past winter, have wrought no little damage to orchards, hundreds 
 of young trees especially having been lost. A Brant correspondent hazards the opinion that rabbits 
 have aided the mice in their destructive work. A correspondent in Perth states that the buds and 
 leaves of some apple trees are " covered with little insects like lice. " 
 
 Throughout that portion of central Ontario comprised in the Lake Ontario and East Midland' 
 districts grass and forest vegetation is equally advanced with that in the west ; the recent rains have 
 caused the grass to sprout very fast, and the pastures now present an extremely rich appearance. 
 Orchards have generally come through the winter in a healthy condition ; though the heavy snow, 
 while protecting the roots from frost, also affor(^d the mice a better opportunity to operate, of which 
 they took advantage to the widespread destruction of young trees. Peach trees greatly, and plum and 
 pear trees and grape-vines slightly, have suffered from cold above the surface of the snow. While the 
 others named will probably recover, numerous peach trees are dead, and a very inferior crop of peaches 
 may be looked for, except in a few localities in Prince Edward and about the western end of the lake. 
 A correspondent residing near Niagara writes : "In January a cold wave passed over this county, 
 killing the peach-budsm all parts except in the township of Niagara; at Niagara the glass registered 
 2 below zero, at St. Catharines 18° below, and at Grimsby 26° below." Plum and cherry trees, the 
 latter more than the former m this district, are much afflicted with black-knot, but both are blossoming 
 profusely and if the curculio be lement this season there will probably be an average crop of these 
 fruits. Apple and pear trees are blossoming finely, and, with continued favouring conditions, will 
 yield abundantly. Ihe same remark may be applied to small fruits of all kinds. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties vesetation has been rather slow, owing to the cold speli 
 succeeding the departure of the snow, yet it is several days ahead of what it was at the corresponding 
 Frth« ^f f= J™;« I' IS heavy and vigorous, though the pastures, except in localities contiguous 
 to the St. Lawrence, are hardly sufficiently advanced yet to receive the stock. The forest trets are 
 now rapidly bursting into leaf. Although the winter was rather severe in this district, the depth of 
 snow enabled fruit trees generally to come through without material injury, except from the mice 
 which here as elsewhere ruined hundreds of young trees. Apples and plums, the^prindpal jZe; 
 b.^i?»"l»r^*"^ " f " district, are just budding, and bid fair to display an enormous bloom! Blfek 
 mlp n/r^«nHf.°„°f'-fPP''!iM° ^T \'**"''''^ *'^"'* ^''"^ *° ^"y ^^t^^'* i" ^^^ district, as the reports 
 be abundant ' ^ '' ""'^ *''""°S- Small fruits, from present appearances.^wiU 
 
 Grass and forest vegetation in the northern districts is weU advanced ; the meadows especially 
 look very promising. In a good many portions of Muskoka and Parry Sound, and TnTwo or three 
 
 Wlthv^!n°d%*^1W°"^'°?'^'°n'*F^'' '^"'^ Pl"'"^ "« grown, and are reported as generryst'°°g! 
 healthy, and full of promise. Crabs are likely to yield abundantly. ai y strong. 
 
11 
 
 PROGRESS OF SPRING WORK. 
 
 Spring work is everywhere well advanced, the season having opened early and the 
 weather being favourable for ploughing and seeding operations. A much larger area than 
 usual was sown in the month of April ; and owing to the absence of heavy rains farmers 
 were enabled to get the land into excellent condition. The May rains, however, have 
 delayed seeding to some extent in the northern and eastern parts of the Province, and 
 planting in the western and south-western parts ; but complaints of this nature are the 
 exception rather than the rule. Oats, barley and spring wheat have made a fine start, 
 and give promise of a good harvest. The area of spring wheat will be larger than last 
 year in the western counties, and will to a considerable extent make good the reduced 
 area under fall wheat.. An increased acreage of peas is also promised, but in many local- 
 ities farmers were disposed to try late sowing as an effective way to escape the ravages 
 of the bug. Correspondents were hopeful that the land would be got into a fine state of 
 tilth for roots, and that planting would be finished by an early day. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties seeding was practically completed at the date of the reports, the only 
 exceptions being the planting of corn, beans and potatoes, which, however, was advancing rapidly, 
 while a considerable area of peas was not yet sown in Haldimand and Welland. The reports 
 agree in describing the weather during the spring season as being very favourable for seeding, 
 and they also d'escribe the growing crops as being in a healthy and forward condition. Ploughing began, 
 according to locality, from about the 1st to the 15th of April, the average probably being about the 
 10th, and seeding from the 15th to the 25th. Spring wheat is not largely grown in this district, but 
 a number of correspondents report that an increased acreage of that grain has" been sown this year. 
 
 Operations were pretty well advanced in the Lake Huron district when the reports were made, 
 though there was considerable corn to plant in Lambton, and some .peas to be sown in Huron — the 
 latter being delayed purposely in some oases in the hope of avoiding the bug. From Lambton and the 
 greater part of Huron and Bruce the reports as to the progress of seeding and the condition of the 
 young crop were favourable, but in the northern part of Huron and to a larger extent in Bruce the 
 progress of seeding was latterly interrupted and delayed rather seriously, especially on low lying land, 
 by wet and cold weather. The dates at which ploughing and seeding respectively began varied so 
 much according to latitude and other circumstances throughout this large district that it is difficult to 
 average the dates, but, generally speaking, these operations began somewhat earlier than usual. The 
 spring crops had a promising appearance, and the irregular brairding complained of in some parts was 
 disappearing under the more recent warm rains. The scarcity and bad quality of the seed corn is com- 
 mented upon by several correspondents in Lambton, who attribute it to the damage of last year's crop 
 by frost. The proportion of the various cereals sown is about as usual, with the exception tha,t in a 
 number of tewnships there is a greater breadth of spring wheat than in former years. 
 
 The reports from the Georgian Bay counties are very favourable. Seeding in most parts of the 
 district began from two days to two weeks earlier than last year, and the young crop shows a corres- 
 ponding advance, except in a few localities where frosty nights have checked its progress. Seeding 
 was about finished when the returns were made, though the report "about half-done" comes occasion- 
 ally from sections in .which operations were retarded, especially on low lands, by rainy weather. 
 Several correspondents state that a larger acreage of spring wheat was sown this year than usual. 
 
 As in most other portiops of western Ontario, seeding was nearly finished in the West Midland 
 counties when the reports were made — roots, corn and a few peas only remaining. The reports as to 
 the weather and the condition of the crops are remarkably favourable, the principal exceptions being, 
 from Duflferin and some parts of Waterloo, where, although the plants look healthy, slow growth, the 
 result of cold and backward weather, is complained of. Numerous correspondents in Oxford, Perth 
 and Middlesex report that an increased breadth of spring wheat has been sown this year, and a few 
 others say that in localities where the bug had almost driven the pea out of cultivation it is being tried 
 again in the hope that that pest has become extinct, for a time at least . 
 
 Crops were got in in excellent condition in the La,ke Ontario counties, and, with the exception of a 
 few localities, chiefly in Northumberland and Prince Edward, the weather has been favourable and 
 growth has been fairly rapid. In those two counties there appears to have been considerable cold, wet 
 weather in the latter part of the seeding season, and the crops are consequently backward, especially 
 on low lands'. From the more westerly counties of the group the reports are exceedingly favourable 
 as to the condition and prospects of the crops. As in other portions of the Province, an increased area 
 of spring wheat has been put under crop this year. 
 
 Though the reports from the eastern and northern parts of the Province are not so generally 
 favourable as to the forward condition of seeding, and the progress made by the young plants, they are 
 so far auspicious that under the growing weather of the past few days the crops may yet be expected 
 to make an excellent start. In the more northerly townships there are a good many complaints tha 
 
 t 
 
12 
 
 cold wet weather has interfered with seeding operations, especially on low land, while it has at the 
 same time prevented the rapid growth of early sown grain. But even where this has occurred the 
 plants looked healthy, so far as they had made their appearance. Moreover, the reports made from 
 the same township are often so opposite in character that the indications would appear to depend 
 largely on the nature of the soil, state of cultivation, shelter, or some other local circumstances which 
 are not likely to prove of much moment provided favourable weather continues. 
 
 NEW SEED GRAIN. 
 
 Owing to the failure of the corn crop last year the farmers complain of a great 
 deficiency of seed for this season's planting ; and what remains of last year's growth is so 
 inferior in quality that many are planting old seed in preference, while others are trying 
 the rather hazardous experiment of planting American com. In the corn belt lying 
 along Lake Erie the majority of the farmers are compelled to purchase their supply 
 of seed corn from the seed stores, where they have to pay various prices ranging from $1 
 to $3 per bushel. At some points in Oxford and Middlesex as high as $4 is said to have 
 been paid. 
 
 While the general disposition of the farmers of Ontario is to rely on old and well- 
 known varieties of seed, which have stood the test of experience, and to be suspicious of 
 violent or sweeping changes, there is constantly going on a considerable amount of experi- 
 menting. This is an exact description of the condition of affairs this year ; there has 
 been no very marked departure from the established order of things, yet, in a tentative 
 way, a great diversity of grain, especially of wheat and oats, is grown in the country. 
 Varieties of -wheat are sometimes reported new when they are only new locally, as, for 
 instance. White Russian, White Pyfe, Lost Nation and Egyptian, all of which, though 
 known for a number of years in many parts of the Province, are just in course of intro- 
 duction in other localities, and are there spoken of as new. The loose nomenclature that 
 prevails, too, causes a good deal of confusion, various names being applied to what is evi- 
 dently the same kind of wheat. White Pyfe appears to be a rather popular spring wheat ; 
 it is now grovsm in many sections of the Province, and is said to be well adapted to suc- 
 ceed here. It is bright in colour, yields heavily, and makes flour of such prime quality that 
 it commands a high market price ; a Simcoe county correspondent says the millers there 
 give ten cents a bushel more for it than for any other kind. Among the new varieties of 
 fall wheat, Michigan Amber and Democrat are most numerously referred to. The former 
 is generally commended, a Norfolk correspondent stating that it stands the winter better 
 than Clawson or Delhi ; the latter is not yet pronounced upon. An Essex correspondent 
 mentions the Boyer or Eindlay fall wheat, which was introduced there last year, as hav- 
 ing " withstood all insect attacks in the fall and the severe cold of last winter better than 
 all the other kinds sown, and at present it looks very healthy and vigorous." This spring 
 a good many farmers in Huron, in Bruce, in some of the West Midland counties, and in 
 those of the Ottawa group, have sown Manitoba wheat, which, where it has come up, 
 looks quite promising. Other varieties mentioned are : in Grey, the Fleming, which is 
 said to yield well ; in Northumberland and Ontario, French wheat, which produces a 
 good crop of grain and a heavy straw ; and in Peterborough, the Colorado, which is much 
 favoured. The Defiance and the Champlain are grown in Grey and Simcoe, and both are 
 commended. The Redfern, the Red Chaff, the Golden Drop, etc., are grown in several 
 counties. Several new varieties of oats are reported, the White Russian, or White Polish, 
 receiving, perhaps, the most attention. A Waterloo correspondent, who appears to have 
 watched this variety somewhat closely, states that "it is about two weeks earlier than 
 any other kind grown here and weighs about fifty pounds to the bushel, but it must be 
 cut before it is quite ripe or it will come out in poor condition." If reports are true this 
 oat will be a great benefit to the country, as it is so early that it gets ahead of all weeds 
 and prevents the seeding of Canadian thistles. The White Egyptian or double-headed 
 oat, is also highly commended as an early and heavy cropper, and as weighing fifty pounds 
 to the bushel, though inferior in quality to some other varieties. The Early Cluster, a 
 bright, white-coloured grain, is acquiring a good reputation in Wellington, and in one or 
 two other counties ; it has a strong straw, grows rapidly, yields heavily, and weighs forty- 
 eight pounds to the bushel. Other varieties of oats reported as new are : in Lambton, 
 
13 
 
 the Australian ; in Huron, the Tartar, the McAlister, and the Egyptian ; in Bruce, the 
 Black Austrian, a good yielder with a strong, stiff straw ; and in Dufferin, the British 
 Columbian and the Arabian, which are being experimented on this season. Black barley 
 is being Jargely sown throughout the country as a substitute for peas for feeding purposes, 
 and thus far has given a very favourable account of itself. Experiments are being made 
 with White Russian barley, but they are not yet sufficiently advanced for an opinion to 
 be based upon them. In York, however, this grain did not bring the top price last year. 
 A Brant correspondent reports that Rennie's Improved is grown there in a few localities 
 and is proving to be " a grain of fine quality, very heavy and plump." Prussian clover 
 has been introduced in Norfolk, and Alsike appears to be increasing in favour. 
 
 The cultivation of the potato in Ontario is characterized both by wide diversity and 
 by close uniformity, — diversity, in the scores of varieties grown, each with its enthusiastic 
 champion ; — and uniformity, in the fact that among them all there are two or three which 
 are everywhere regarded as the standard and staple varieties. The Early Rose and the 
 Late Rose still predominate, although some allege them to be deteriorating, and to require 
 replacing. The Beauty of Hebron is a very popular, early potato, prolific, hardy, and of 
 excellent quality for table use, and has been largely adopted. The Peerless, the White 
 Elephant, the Snowfiake, the White Star, the Early Ohio, the Burbank Seedling, the 
 Mammoth Pearl, the Ohili, the Mount Vernon, the Olimax, the Early Vermont, the St. 
 Patrick, and several other varieties are favourably mentioned. But, on the whole, the 
 Roses and the Hebron take the lead. 
 
 FAEM LABOURERS. 
 
 There is no subject upon which the reports to the Bureau are apparently more dis- 
 crepant, if not contradictory, than the question of the scarcity or sufficiency of labourers 
 for the operations of the farm, and the rates at which they are paid. Probably one-half 
 of the correspondents, in referring to this subject, report labourers " plenty," while the 
 other half are equally unanimous as to their scarcity ; and even from the same township 
 come reports which are hardly reconcilable, to say the least of it. The wages paid to farm 
 labourers are also extremely variant, even in the same township. Neither the supply of 
 labour nor the rate of remuneration seems to have found a level, but is apparently deter- 
 mined entirely by local considerations. Proximity to the lumbering regions, or to rail- 
 ways or other public works in course of construction, would furnish the needed explana- 
 tion in some localities, but why a surplus of labour should be reported from one end of a 
 county or township and a scarcity from the other, or why the prevailing rate should be 
 $15 per month in the one case and $18 in the other, is a condition of things somewhat 
 difficult to*understand. - But amid these puzzling local variations the average rates of 
 wages paid in the western half of the Province, and that paid in the eastern, do not ap- 
 pear to differ very much, being about $18 a month with board in the west, and about 
 $17.25 (with board) in the east. These rates apply to engagements lasting only 
 for six or seven months during the summer season ; they would be a trifle lower by the 
 year. The custom of paying a certain wage exclusive of board does not prevail to any 
 general extent in the Province, but the average rate paid in such cases is about $26 a 
 month, including a free house, free fuel, and in some cases a patch of garden land and 
 pasture for a cow. Taking the Province as a whole, there appears to be a more abundant 
 supply of labour than there was last year. Several correspondents mention the influx 
 of Old Country farm labourers as affording, a much needed relief to the farming popula- 
 tion, and others call for more of that class. A number of correspondents say that while 
 there is a scarcity of good farm labourers, capable of taking hold of general farm work, 
 there is an abundance of those who are only fit, as one correspondent expresses it, "to yell 
 behind a yoke of oxen." The scarcity of female help is being severely felt in different 
 parts of the Province, judging by the frequency with which it is mentioned in the reports. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 BupEATJ OP Industries, • Secretary. 
 
 ToBONTO, May 20, 1884. 
 
14 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 The following extracts are taken from the General Remarks of correspondents ; 
 
 Wm. Stewart, West Zorra, Oxford : I think the leading cause of failure in fall wheat was _the lateness 
 of sowing. I have not seen any wheat put in well-prepared, dry, or well-drained soil that failed. 
 
 Henry Duncan, York township, York : We have. had a very favourable season for spring werk, and 
 grass and grain look hardy, which perhaps is better than a rapid growth this early in the season. Ihe pros- 
 pects are favourable for an average crop, but I do not think we will have anything like so much hay or straw 
 as last year. 
 
 J. E, Gould, East Whitby, Ontario : On the whole the weather has been delightful. Seeding was com- 
 pleted much sooner than farmers expected, and there is every indication of a splendid crop the present year. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : More fall wheat has been ploughed up than for manj; years, and 
 a great deal that is left is very thin. There will not be more than half a crop,; all late sown is killed. 
 
 STOCK-RAISING. 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : More attention is being paid to the improvement of stock by importing 
 superior thoroughbred animals — Shorthorn chiefly. . . . More shade trees are being planted out, chiefly 
 maple ; and a great amount of drainage is being done in the township, both by the council and by private 
 parties. 
 
 Samuel SmilUe, Tuokersmith, Huron : The low prices of wheat caused by the western competition is 
 causing farmers to reliaquish wheat growing and to turn their attention to live stock, especially cattle and 
 horses. There have been imported into Huron county during the last twelve months more than one hundred 
 head of heavy horses and mares for breeding purposes. Improvement in cattle keeps pace. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : The attention paid to live stock is decidedly the most 
 noticeable feature of the farming of to-day. The improvement in style and quality of stock is remarkable. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce ; It is the opinion of some that the Ontario farmer will find a difficulty in 
 competing with other countries in supplying the "staff of life " to the British consumer, owing to the facilities 
 ^^'ith which other countries can supply wheat ; and I think it would be well for farmers in this section to 
 turn their attention more to the growing of coarse grains, etc. , and go more into raising and fattening stock. 
 Wheat has rather turned its back on us in the meantime. 
 
 Wm. H. Free, St. Vincent, Grey : The stallions owned by the Sydenham and St. Vincent Stock 
 Importing Company have been a success, and they bid fair to improve the stock of this section. I would 
 recommend the farmers to co-operate in this way, by forming joint stock companies. By this means they 
 can procure stock for breeding which would be beyond thereach of private individuals. 
 
 .Joseph M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : Considerable interest is taken in the improvement of the horses 
 ahd cattfe of this locality by the introduction of Percheron, Clydesdale and thoroughbred horses and Dur- 
 ham bulls ; also in sheep, by breeding from Cotswold, Leicester, Southdown and Shropshiredown rams. 
 
 Thos. Kells, Artemesia, Grey : Farmers in this part of the county seem to be getting wide awake to the 
 advantage of stock-raising and dairying. There are two cheese factories in this township. Good cows are 
 much sought after, but are hard to find. We lack very much in thoroughbred sire stock, as fanners are now 
 going more into stock-raising. 
 
 William Watcher, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Fanners are keeping more cows this season for the 
 cheese factories than usual. The good price of cheese last year and the failure of the grain crops are likely 
 the cause. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : We farmers must give up sowing fall wheat, as coarse grains and 
 cattle-feeding will pay better and be advantageous to the land. Also, our land must be drained if we want 
 to make money or pay our debts. 
 
 E. J. Haney, Percy, Northumberland : Farmers are turning their attention more each year to the 
 raising of stock, principally cattle, although some fanners keep good flocks of sheep, generally of the long- 
 wooUed breeds, which pay well, although the price of wool is low. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox : The market for fat cattle is good, prices averaging about 5| cents on 
 foot. There is more interest taken in improving the stock of horses in this county than any other kind of 
 stock. Well bred cattle especially are scarce. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glen|rarry: Our farmers have been somewhat careless in the past, but are 
 picking up considerably in improving their stock both of cattle and horses. A half dozen v&uable horses 
 were' imported into the county this season, comprising Blbods, Clydes and Percherona. 
 
 Alexander Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : The worst outlook in this district is the want of store 
 cattle. There is a great demand at good prices for beef ; but the horned cattle in this section are a very poor 
 class indeed. 
 
 James Early, Chaffer, Muskoka : This township is best adapted td stock ; there being fine grass and 
 goo i water, stock is what we must depend on. 
 
 James Budger, McDotigall, Parry Sound : Vegetation grows fast in these northern regions, and plenty 
 6! feed for cattle and sheep comes almost as soon as the snow disappears. I think this is one of the best 
 siosk raising districts in Ontario. 
 
15 
 
 FRUIT-GROWING. 
 
 W. Sutherland, Ekfrid, Middlesex : I have kept a record of the time of blossoming of the wild pliim 
 for the past fourteen years, varying from April 27 in 1871 toMay 19 in 1873. I find the average to be May 
 10, the day on which it blossomed this year. The cherry and apple have not followed this year as soon as in 
 other years. -Pli™! and peach trees and grape-vines were injured by the early frost last fall, preventing the 
 young growth from ripening, which was consequently winter-killed ; apples, pears and cherries are blooming 
 'airly. Plum and peach, no blossoms. 
 
 T 
 
 E. A. Carver, Albemarle, Bruce : Having a large orchard of 2,200 trees, (1,900 of which— 770 dwarf 
 pears, 70 standard pears, 570 plums, 380 apples, 50 crab apples, 10 peaches, 6 quinces, 50 apricots and 
 nectarines — were planted out last year) I watched the trees very closely, and I observed at the end of 
 March the young plums and peaches looking remarkably strong and healthy, and a fortnight afterwards 
 sadly bli^ted, though, thanks to the wet we are having now, I shall only lose a few from the effects of this 
 blight. Dwarf pears near fences or shelters, but nowhere else, were badly injured by being broken down 
 by the snow. Quinces not much injured. 
 
 Robert N. Ball, Niagara, Lincoln : Fruit is becoming more a specialty with some land owners. I have 
 over 100 acres in fruit now, and expect to extend the area next year ; many others also are planting largely. 
 . . . In January a cold wave passed over this county, killing the peach buds in all parts except in the 
 township of Niagara. At Niagara the glass registered 2° below zero, at St. Catharines 18° below, and at 
 Grimsby 26° below. 
 
 W. McCraney, Trafalgar, Halton : The prospects of the strawberry crop are good. There will probably 
 be 500,000 baskets in this vicinity, or in the neighbourhood of 15,000 bushels. 
 
 John J. Bennett, North Monaghan, Peterborough : I took the trouble last fall to raise a hill of earth 
 around my apple trees to the height of about a foot, and out of 200 trees I only lost two by the mice. 
 
 Wm. Maoklin, Haldimaud, Northumberland ; The ravages of field mice have been very great on fruit 
 trees of all descriptions, the great depth of snow affording those rodents a warm and sure retreat. Some 
 trees have been stripped of bark into the branches. The damage will be very great on fruit growers here. 
 
 SEED GRAIN. 
 
 George Russell, Mersea, Essex : Owing to the early frost last fall the corn crop was almost an entire 
 failure ; hence the scarcity of seed corn. Some farmers are trying two-years old corn, where they have kept 
 it over ; but a great quantity will have to be imported for seed. 
 
 Alex. M. Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex : We find it advantageous to get seed from the east for a change, 
 peas especially, as they are not eaten by bugs like ours here ; but sometimes wild oats and Canada thistle 
 seed are mixed with them. Eastern farmers should be warned against sending foul seeds into this garden of 
 the world. 
 
 FARM LABOURERS AND DOMESTIC SERVANTS. 
 
 William MiUen, Gosfield, Essex : We would like to see a few English farm labourers sent into Essex, 
 instead of to Manitoba, as they are needed here. 
 
 Robert Watson, Windham, Norfolk : Can you tell how it is that there are so many labourers suffering 
 for want in the city of Toronto, whUe here we cannot get half we want for love or money? 
 
 F A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : There are a number of boys in this section from the Farm Home 
 farm, 14 to 17 years of age, who started the first year at $4 per month. They have aU given good satis- 
 faction, and will get a good advance in wages for their second year. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : Female domestic help is hardly to be obtained on the farm. 
 
 Wm. Mowbray. Samia, Lambton : Our great want is help in haying and harvesting. It is scarce and 
 expensive— say $30 per month, with board. 
 
 John Beattie, McKUlop, Huron : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers. A few immigrants 
 have been sent here, taut this is a great mistake, as the labouring class that belong to this locahty have con- 
 siderable difficulty in finding employment at this season of the year. 
 
 George Buskin, Artemesia, Grey : The general opinion is that wages"must come down to correspond 
 with market prices. 
 
 Robert McCutcheon, Sydenham, Grey: I think there is no better part of Ontario for immigrants of 
 the farming class to come to than this, and yet we scarcely see any of them come here. They would get 
 good wages in the summer, and work in the winter, but at low wages. 
 
 George Leverrage, FuUarton, Perth : Farm latour is very scarce, and altogether too high, which neces- 
 sitates farmers economizing in this direction. 
 
 Robert A. Rfeed, Erin, Wellington ; Some good farm labourers from the Old Country, who would be 
 wUUng to work for say 812 or «14 per month and board, by the year, would, I think, soon get employment 
 in this section of country. 
 
 R R Mowbray, Pickering, Ontario : Respecting farm labourers, we want more good men, but do not 
 want men that are unaccustomed to farming. A great many are not able, and many are too lazy to work. 
 In our neighbourhood a dozen good men could get employment the year round. 
 
 P. Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : Servant girls very scarce ; wages $8 to $10 a month. 
 
16 
 
 W. D. White, Medora and Wood, Muskoka : Wages are kept up by river driving, and farmers cannot 
 afford to hire, and BO are hindered from clearing the land rapidly ; and those who are too lazy to go on the 
 drives wont work at clearing land. 
 
 D. Patterson, McKellar, Muskoka : A few Old Country men who are used to farm work would get 
 employment here. Canadians -^ho hire generally go at the lumbenng. 
 
 DRAINAGE AND CULTIVATION. 
 
 B. C. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex : Only partly draining the land and letting manure go to waste, 
 instead of putting it on the land, are probably the real causes of the poor wheat here. 
 
 John Dickie, South Colchester, Essex : There are three things that the fanners of this district must 
 attend to if they are to be successful cultivators of fall wheat— nay, I might rather say, if they are to be 
 successful cultivators of anything : (1) The bush has been almost all cut down, and the crops are exposed to 
 the cold, cutting winds that blow chiefly from the north-west and south-west. They ought to begin and 
 plant north and south narrow strips of young, rapid-growing trees, such as the Norwegian larch, which is 
 not only a rapid grower, but also furnishes a very valuable and durable lumber for all ordinary purposes. 
 (2) They must underdrain extensively if they mean to succeed in growing either fall or spring grain. (3) 
 In ploughing they must make narrower lands, not more than fifteen feet across — their lands are generally 
 thirty feet or over — and thffr must plough deeper. Many merely skim the land, making their furrows only 
 three or four inches deep. The farmers got a severe lesson last year by the failure of their staple crops of 
 fall wheat and com, and have profited by it. 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, Wardsville, Middlesex : Generally, land never was knovm to be in better order, or 
 seeding and planting better done. 
 
 Henry •Doupe, TJsbome, Huron : The partial failure of the fall wheat crop in this part of the country 
 may be attributed to three causes : — (1) The want of draining on flat clay land. (2) Late sowing. Fall 
 wheat ought not to be sown later than the 18th or 20th of September. The best time to sow it is the first 
 week of September. (3) Land being too poor, unfit for wheat, and not properly cultivated. These views 
 are the result of my observations for over thirty years. There is. an exception to the above, that is, when 
 solid ice covers the land after a thaw for several days. 
 
 Wilhelm P. Platz, Clarendon and Miller, Frontenac : This part of the country is in a backward condi- 
 tion. The greater number of settlers depend on working in the lumber shanties, and selling the hay off their 
 farms. The result is that their farms are not worked properljr, and by selling their hay every year they 
 impoverish the land. Whereas the smaller number of settlers devote all their time and attention to their 
 farms, and they are comfortable. 
 
 Thomas Plant, Maidstone, Essex : This locality can never be farmed to advantage tUI it is underdraiued. 
 . . . It pays better to grow grass than grain here. 
 
 James MacFarlaue, Dover East, Kent : We want better drainage, and the denudation of the forests is 
 also causing much injury to the wheat crop. Owing to the levelness of our land, extensive co-operation is 
 necessary to secure effective underdrainage, and such co-operation can be obtained only by judicious and 
 just drainage laws, which would encourage farmers to undertake and carry out such improvements. The 
 making of good drainage in this township is kept back by unsuitableness in the drainage laws and by bung- 
 ling and unfairness in the interested parties. 
 
 Thomas Fraserj Huron, Bruce : The past year and the wet weather of this spring have shown the great 
 need of underdrainmg, and there has been more done this spring than ever before in one year. 
 
 Archibald S. Campbell, Kincardine, Bruce : The prime necessity of this section is underdraining. It is 
 attracting some attention in limited sections, but not nearly the attention it merits.. There is a good opening 
 for that class of labourers hereabout. Our Canadian-raised men are not well adapted for this kind of work. 
 They want to do everything by machinery. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : We have had a tremendous time with rain the last ten days or so. 
 Drainage is something that has been neglected in this county, and we can see the loss we sustain by that 
 neglect, this spring particularly. 
 
 John Gibson, Markham, York : This season has been favourable for land not underdrain ed so far: but 
 if continued wet weather were to set in now the well-drained laud would at once show the great advan- 
 tages of underdraining. 
 
 NOXIOUS WEEDS. 
 
 / 
 
 J. H. Best, Walpole, Haldimand : The Canada thistle, rag weed, and other noxious weeds, I am sorry 
 to say, are not kept under as they should be. 
 
 John Darby, Vespra, Simooe : Quite a new thing which has appeared here lately is cockle in spring 
 wheat ; we had not noticed any of it until last season. 
 
 Thomas S, MacLeod, Oro, Simcoe : Wild oats spreading to an alarming extent. 
 
 PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Geo. B. Meredith, Franklin, Muskoka : Eight years ago this, part was not inhabited except by the 
 trapper. At present some of the settlers are in comfortable circumstances and have large clearings. 
 
17 
 
 Michael Ruttan, Ryde, Muskoka: As lumbering ceases farmers turn their attention to their farms 
 here, A few broken lots could be obtained by farm labourers, who could locate and make homes for them- 
 selves, and at the same time earn their living amongst the farmers in this township. 
 
 D. Kavanagh, Duu^annon and Faraday, Hastings : The land here is free grant, and the country is 
 
 T every lot. 
 
 settling up very fast, owmg to the constructiqn of the Ontario Central Railway, and the large quantity of 
 iron that has been found in Dungannon and Faraday. There are specimens of iron on nearly ( 
 
 F. W. Ashdown, Humphrey, Parry Sound : This part of the country is kept back for the want_ of rail- 
 ways to make a market for surplus grain, hay, timber, etc. The want of a grist mill in this township is the 
 greatest reason why not much wheat is grown, as the nearest null is twenty -two miles distant. 
 
 W. H. Green, Sinclair, Muskoka : There is great need of a standard market here in the fall of the year, 
 as the people are all poor, and want to make quick returns, 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 C. Coatsworth, Romney; Kent : Our climate here on Lake Erie is somewhat different in the spring and 
 faU from other places in western Ontario. Cold, chilly winds off the lake in spring keep back vegetation, 
 which is a benefit to fruit trees and crops. Then in the fall we are free from frosts usually until aibout the 
 20th of October. 
 
 David Caughell, Harwichj Kent : In this township beans are raised to a large extent — I might include 
 the county. Many farmers wiU plant from twenty to forty acres. Average crop per acre, twenty to twenty- 
 five bushels ; prices per bushel, $1 to $2. In Harwich farmers will plant an average of eight to ten acres. 
 
 G. R. Langf ord, Camden, Kent : The farmers are imposed upon by the telephone and telegraph men, 
 who come along and cut down and destroy our fruit and other trees planted by the road side. I would 
 suggest that they put the poles on the road-side of the ditohei. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Every effort should be made to make the money invested in farms 
 pay interest equal to that charged by the banks. It can only be done by practising the best system of farm- 
 ing, studying economy, and by purchasing in bulk and at first cost. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : Many farmers in this county are asking. Of wh^t are we going to 
 make our fences ? I suppose the same question is asked in all the older counties of the Province. Has 
 anyone practically succeeded in preserving posts ? 
 
 T. A. Walker, Ancaster, Wentworth : The opinion here is that salt is a first-class article for all kinds 
 of crops. It is taking the place of other fertilizers. . . . The proper time to take off the black 
 knot is just about the ti«ne fruit is ripe ; destroy it or out it off then, and very little will be seen next year. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : The farmers lost heavily last year through the inability of store- 
 keepers to sell Paris Green for the potato bugs. We had to go nine miles for our supply. That stupid law 
 is wholly in the interest of the chemists. 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 The effects of last week's frosts on field, orchard and garden crops are much less serious, 
 than was feared. Barley has been injured on low land, and in some localities the clover 
 has been nipped ; but the cloudy weather of the week favoured a good recovery. In 
 nearly all the best fruit-growing districts of the Province no permanent injury has been 
 done, and the prospect continues encouraging for a fine crop. Tomatoes, strawberries 
 and other garden crops have been partially, destroyed in a few of the inland districts, but 
 in the vicinity of the lakes these as well as all other fruits are safe. The chief exception 
 to this general account refers to parts of Essex county and to the neighbourhood of Chat- 
 ham, in Kent, where great damage was done by the frost of 28th May. It will be 
 interesting to observe whether a good crop of grapes may not yet be realised in those 
 localities, from the development of the second fruit bud, as proved to be the case a few 
 years ago under similar circumstances. 
 
 In reply to special enquiry by the Bureau, the following reports have been received 
 by telegraph to-day from correspondents in all parts of the Province : 
 
 John Dickie, Colchester, Essex : Up to Friday morning the spring crops in this township never looked 
 better, and the show of apple and pear blossoms was magnificent. The trees were so hterally covered that 
 one could not see a green thing. Small fruit also was very promising. On Fnday morning, however, we 
 had a pretty severe frost for the season of the year, and in some places there was ice an eighth of an inch 
 thick. It has damaged very much the potatoes and corn, and utterly ruined beans and tomatoes. Many 
 farmers are busy replanting corn. The peach trees have been badly scorched, and many of them will lose 
 every leaf. Currants, where the fruit, had not been completely formed, are considerably injured. The 
 weather has been very favourable for the fall wheat, and it ip flow <!o;ninp into full ear. 
 2 
 
18 
 
 S. T. Copua, Kingsville, Essex : So far as I have been able to find out, the fall wheat has not bee^i hurt 
 worth mentioning, ra some low spots it was nipped a little, but not enough to do much damage. On the 
 high ground it looks first rate. Peas are not touched, and com is not enough advanced to be injured. Spring 
 wheat is the same as corn, except in very low spots, where it was blackened a trifle. Oats are not injured to 
 any extent. ^Clover was touched in some places, but the, farmers say the damage does not amount to any- 
 thing ; it will be an abundant crop. In the fruits, grapes suffered the most. Michael Wigle. the wine 
 maker, estimates that he lost about 82,000 worth of grapes. A. J. AUworth, who has a large vineyard east 
 of Kingsville, and near the lake, did not suffer hardly any loss at all. It is supposed the lake -protected the 
 grapes in this case. Other small vineyards are destroyed for this year's crop. Peaches, what few there 
 were about here, have been killed. Apples are injured very slightly. Chemeo in some places (the fancy 
 kinds especially) are killed, but it is calculated that there will be nearly an average crop. Strawberries 
 were bitten, but I cannot say to what extent as yet. Garden stuff, such as tomatoes, Deans, early oabbagee, 
 etc., were destroyed. Potatoes were frozen, but many claim it will not interfere with the yield. The 
 grapes on Pelee Island were not injured as bad as was first thought. In fact very little damage wai 
 sustained so far as I have been able to learn, 
 
 W. Mackenzie Rosa, Chatham : Barley and oats were badly damaged on the night Of the 28th ult 
 Peas and other grains are more or less destroyed, but clover does not seem to have suffered. Vegetables are 
 a total loss, except onions and paranipa. Tomatoes and cabbages are burnt to the ground. Strawberries, 
 gooseberries and, I fear, currants are a total loss. Cherries and plums, of which there was a splendid show, 
 are a total loss. Grapes also appear to be dead. The plums and cherries were as large as peis, but are aa 
 black as ink. My own 2000 pear trees were loaded with fruit, but they shared the same fate as others ; the 
 fruit is rotten. Apples suffered, though not to the same extent. It was the heaviest frost, except one, 
 during my thirty years in Kent. It was a disastrous night. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Ridgetown : Wheat and oats are injured about one-twentieth ; potatoes cut 
 down ; corn cut off, and tomatoes destroyed. Sharpless strawberries are injured about four-fifths, others 
 not much ; currants are hurt a little ; apples and peara not to mention. 
 
 John A. Campbell, Simcoe, Norfolk : Spring grain has been injured in some localities. Strawberries 
 are almoit ruined, but apples are probably safe. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, York, Haldimand : In the townships of Seneca and Oneida barley in low land wa» 
 slightly damaged. A sufficiency of fruit is left to ensure a crop. Garden produce has been completely 
 destroyed. 
 
 B. A. Dickout, Ridgeway, WeUand : Eield crops, excepting com and clover, are uninjured. J'ruit 
 has not been damaged to any apparent extent. The early vegetables suffered most. 
 
 Hugh Smith, Sarnia : Barley very badly damaged ; on low grounds mined. Peas, fall wheat, oats, 
 clover and timothy are much injured ; spring wheat is slightly injured ; apples, pears, plums and 
 cherries are quite hopeful ; grapes and strawberries are destroyed. 
 
 Peter Adamson, Goderich : Little or no damage has been done to grain, fruit or clov€^ crops within 
 eight miles of the lake. 
 
 Jacob Segmiller, Walkerton, Bruce : Small fruit has been severely injured ; large fruit, clover and 
 grain but slightly, if at all. 
 
 William Roy, Owen Sound : The recent frosts have done no damage to the grain, fruit, vine or clover 
 crops in this locality. There is a great show of apple blossom. 
 
 John Albery, Meaford, Grey : No damage from late frosts within a radius of twelve miles of Meaford, 
 
 Dr. George M. Aylesworth,' CoUingwood : No damage within a radius of six miles. The frost was 
 much more severe on the height of land. 
 
 W. B. Sanders, Stayner, Suncoe ; No damage to any growing crop here, except a slight damage to 
 plums and cherries. 
 
 James Ross, Barrie : The damage by recent frosts in the township of Oro has been very slight. Barley 
 on low land is slightly damaged, but all other spring crops are looking well, clover included. Apple, 
 cherry and pear trees are in fuU blossom, and no perceptible damage has been done. ' 
 
 William Saunders, London 
 materially ' 
 
 n Saunders, London : Spring grain has been injured, but not severely. Pall wheat is not 
 _ hurt by frost, but is badly cut by cutworms in some localities. Clover is scorched, but not 
 permanently injured. Apples and peas are considerably injured, but enough have escaped to make a 
 fair crop. Grapes are almost destroyed, but they will realize a quarter crop. Strawberries are partly 
 destroyed, but enough have escaped to average a fair crop. Raspberries are not injured. 
 
 G. R. PattuUo, Woodstock: Grain and clover are very little injured . Small fruits and garden stuff 
 have suffered considerably. 
 
 C. W. Young, Stratford : Wheat has not been injured to any extent, but barley is hurt in low spots. 
 Peas are badly frosted, especially tender varieties in gardens. More than half of the strawberry crop is 
 ruined. Grapes are almost totally killed ; apples, pears and small fruit not so bad ; potatoes, corn and 
 tender vegetables are killed off where exposed. 
 
 James Connell, Minto, Wellington : The grain, fruit and clover crops have not been much damaged 
 by the recent frosts in this locality. 
 
 William Whitelaw, Guelph : Little or no damage has been done to grain, clover or fruit in thy 
 locality by recent frosts ; a slight damage to garden vegetables. 
 
19 
 
 James Wilson, Gait : Don't think that grain, fruit or clover crops are seriously damaged in this locality, 
 
 C. Jarvis, Brantford : Grapes, tomatoes, strawberries, potatoes, apples and cherries are nipped. No 
 plums or peaches are grown here. No complaint of clover or field crops. 
 
 Robert N. Ball, Niagara : No damage to crops or fruit in the township of Niagara. 
 
 D. W. Beadle, St. Catharines : No reported damage done between the Mountain and the Lake 
 by recent frosts. The most important district was not touched. 
 
 A. H. Pettit, Grimsby : No injury worth mentioning has been done by frost here. A few tender 
 varieties of grapes and potatoes are slightly damaged. 
 
 George F. Lewis, Winona, Wentworth : Grain and clover not hurt. Grapes and strawberries are 
 affected to a small extent. 
 
 Wm. McCraney, M.P., Oakville : So far as ascertained, the damage here by the late frosts is very 
 slight, being only in exceptional oases where grapes and other fruits were sheltered from the wind ; but 
 the damage is of little importance. 
 
 M. Clements, Milton : Grain, clover and apples were not injured by recent frosts. Tender fruits 
 and vegetables are partially injured. 
 
 W. J. Dodds, Alton, Peel : No damage to crops to speak of from frost here. 
 
 E. Jackson, Newmarket : From a general enquiry over a large area of this part of the county, it ia 
 conceded that very little injury resulted from frosts last week to grain crops ; some loss to small fruits and 
 garden stuff. 
 
 C. D. Barr, Lindsay : The frosts last week were unusually severe in this locality, ice forming to the 
 thickness of one-quarter of an inch. Owing to the season being somewhat backward, wheat and barley 
 throughout the county are not reported as damaged to any extent. Clover has been badly hurt, and 
 is cut down in all directions. Plums, strawberries, grapes and early fruits are almost totally destroyed. 
 The damage to apple trees is not reported as serious. 
 
 John Carnegie, M.P.P., Peterborough: It is feared that a good deal of damage has been done to fruit, 
 barley and clover. 
 
 H. Hough, Cobourg : Considerable damage was done to barley in this section, which, especially on wet 
 land and where not so forward, is spotted and blighted. The crop will probably be short in consequence. 
 Not much damage has been done to other grains. The clover suffered somewhat, but not very seriously ; 
 nor is there any very serious damage to fruit blossoms, though it is thought the stone fruits are slightly 
 injured. The frost was not so severe in the vicinity of Lake Ontario as in the back country. 
 
 P. C. Dempsey, Trenton, Hastings : The frost has done no serious damage here. 
 
 Thomas Briggs, Kingston : It is yet impossible to give correctly the damage done, but I think it will 
 not be so bad as was at first supposed. Clover is not injured ; the apple blossoms do not at present show 
 much injury : small fruits are not injured, and little or no injury has been done to grain. Early potato- 
 tops, early vines and tender plants are injured, but only in a few localities and not to any serious extent. 
 
 J. M. Walker, Perth, Lanark: The damage done by the heavy frosts of last week is not yet quite 
 apparent, but there is no doubt that clover, timothy and early vegetables are more or less injured. The 
 cool dark days after the frost prevented more serious damage, and any loss may be stiU further prevented 
 by an early rain. On the whole, however, the injury ia not nearly so great as mi^ht have been anticipated 
 from a quarter of an inch of frost at this time of the year. Some farmers even maintain that no loss wiU follow. 
 
 P. E. Bucke, Ottawa : Not much damage has been done to clover or grain. Apples and plums are 
 apparently uninjured. Grape-vines and potatoes are frozen, and tomatoes, beans and com are killed. 
 Many forest trees, especially black ash, butternut and beach, are badly cut. 
 
 Reports received at the Meterological Office show that, on the 25th of May, an area 
 of high pressure appeared north of the Upper Lakes, which developed and spread east- 
 ward on the 26th and 27th. The' temperature within its limits fell at night to the freezing 
 point, probably owing to a dry atmosphere and a cloudless sky. Northerly winds, bring- 
 ing the cold from the high pressure area, began to blow in Ontario during the evening of 
 the 27th, and continued throughout the 28th and 29th, the sky being clear at night, but 
 generally overcast in the day. It is to this latter circumstance, doubtless, that the escape 
 of crops from more serious frost effects is due. The greatest extent of injury appears to 
 have occurred on Thursday morning, the 29th, and for that day the sunshine register at 
 the Toronto Observatory shows a record of clear sky untU 10 a.m. 
 
 A. B. 
 ToEONTO, June 2, 1884. 
 
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 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Monthly temperatures for January, February, March and April, 1884, 
 showing, the highest and lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest and the mean 
 temperatures of each month. 
 
 Month. 
 
 January . 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 Tekpbbatube. 
 
 Highest 
 
 liowest 
 
 Mean highest 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 Highest ...'... 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest 
 Mean Lowest 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest 
 Mean lowest. . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest 
 Mean lowest. . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 •s 
 
 a 
 
 42.3 
 -10.5 
 22.29 
 9.83 
 18.79 
 47.5 
 -9.0 
 29.79 
 16.14 
 21.90 
 55.2 
 -8.0 
 35.01 
 20.49 
 26.99 
 73.0 
 25.0 
 47.49 
 33.75 
 39.49 
 
 I 
 
 44.8 
 -35.5 
 24.49 
 7.27 
 16.32 
 50.8 
 -10.5 
 34.26 
 16.45 
 25.04 
 56.8 
 -12.5 
 32.54 
 17.15 
 30.01 
 71.8 
 22.0 
 44.30 
 26.65 
 41.19 
 
 
 48.9 
 -13.4 
 25.22 
 8.98 
 17.39 
 57.9 
 -7.8 
 31.03 
 15.95 
 26.51 
 63.4 
 -1.2 
 34.80 
 18.77 
 33.11 
 70.8 
 24.7 
 46.63 
 28.99 
 44.09 
 
 as 
 
 44.0 
 -21.8 
 21.68 
 4.09 
 13.92 
 46.3 
 -12.8 
 30.09 
 12.12 
 21.05 
 52.8 
 -23.0 
 34.83 
 15.55 
 26.54 
 72.2 
 19.3 
 49.39 
 30.12 
 40.56 
 
 H 
 
 45.3 
 -23.0 
 25.88 
 5.62 
 16.73 
 46.8 
 -10.5 
 34.96 
 13.93 
 25.23 
 57.3 
 -10.0 
 41.19 
 21.46 
 30.77 
 75.2 
 25.0 
 51.88 
 30.32 
 41.56 
 
 40.1 
 -13.1 
 23.12 
 7.60 
 16.04 
 42.9 
 -7.2 
 30.73 
 15.69 
 23.18 
 49.3 
 -7.0 
 ^5.14 
 20.52 
 28.00 
 67.8 
 25.1 
 48.47 
 33.20 
 40.93 
 
 37.2 
 -17.0 
 20.48 
 
 2.69 
 13.14 
 39.2 
 -11.0 
 25.85 
 
 7.80 
 20.95 
 52.3 
 -20.0 
 32.51 
 14.90 
 27.55 
 72.3 
 25.0 
 50.38 
 33.19 
 41.65 
 
 m 
 
 42.9 
 -32.1 
 22.12 
 -0.04 
 13.18 
 42.6 
 -9.3 
 29.50 
 10.25 
 20.09 
 49.6 
 -18.9 
 33.53 
 16.08 
 26.64 
 67.6 
 16.8 
 47.66 
 28.22 
 37.86 
 
 i 
 
 O 
 
 42.3' 
 -31.3 
 16.77 
 -2.03 
 
 8.01 
 48.1 
 -6.3 
 27.48 
 
 8.48 
 17.59 
 49.4 
 -18.6 
 33.12 
 16.03 
 24.85 
 71.8 
 24.7 
 50.22 
 33.04 
 41.17 
 
 44.6 
 -34.9 
 16.00 
 -9.09 
 4.84 
 40.6 
 ■17.0 
 24.83 
 2.77 
 14.68 
 55.6 
 -24.0 
 34.78 
 13.52 
 24.27 
 76.1 
 21.2 
 51.44 
 30.84 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during January, February, 
 March and AprU, 1884, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon 
 each month, the hours of registered sunshine, and the totals for the four months. 
 
 Months. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 02 
 
 1 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 K 
 
 bo 
 
 1 
 
 fS 
 
 
 285.7 
 302.5 
 369.9 
 406.4 
 
 62.9 
 
 53.7 
 
 128.0 
 
 167.7 
 
 43.5 
 
 52.1 
 
 157.0 
 
 157.2 
 
 46:6 
 
 154.2 
 161.7 
 
 51.1 
 
 52.2 
 
 159.7 
 
 166.0 
 
 44.1 
 
 42.6 
 
 108.9 
 
 114.4 
 
 47.3 
 
 56.9 
 
 177.6 
 
 176.0 
 
 35.5 
 
 40.8 
 
 138.9 
 
 146.0 
 
 50.3 
 
 52. B 
 
 152.5 
 
 140.6 
 
 66.7 
 
 60.2 
 
 154.2 
 
 146.1 
 
 39.3 
 
 
 43.0 
 
 March 
 
 163.2 
 
 April 
 
 137.3 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1364.5 
 
 412.3 
 
 409.8 
 
 
 429.0 
 
 310.0 
 
 457.8 
 
 361.2 
 
 395.9 
 
 417.2 
 
 372.8 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Monthly summary of the average fall of rain and snow, in the several 
 districts of Ontario for January, February, March and April, 1884. 
 
 • 
 
 W. AND S. W. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 AND N., 
 
 OBNfRE. 
 
 E. AND 
 
 N. B. 
 
 Months. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 B. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 B. 
 
 ^• 
 
 
 0.32 
 2.02 
 1.64 
 1.24 
 
 23.1 
 
 10.6, 
 
 6.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 0.42 
 0.49 
 1.07 
 1.01 
 
 47.5 
 
 21.5 
 
 7.6 
 
 3.0 
 
 0.24 
 
 1.92 
 
 1.63 
 
 1 0-77 
 
 34.6 
 
 10.8 
 
 7.5 
 
 2.3 
 
 0.35 
 0.94 
 1.17 
 0.68 
 
 44.6 
 
 22.1 
 
 12.7 
 
 1.7 
 
 
 Mafrch 
 
 April 
 
 .Totals ..., J 
 
 5.22 
 
 43.0 
 
 ,2.99 
 
 79.6 
 
 4.56 
 
 55.1 
 
 3.14 
 
 81.1 
 
23 
 
 THE WEATHEE. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Summary of the Fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the first four 
 months of the year 1884, at the several stations reporting for that period, and the 
 number of days on which Rain or Snow fell. 
 
 
 Observbss. 
 
 J^ 
 Rail 
 
 NITAItT. 
 
 Fbebuabt. . 
 
 Mabch, 
 
 Afbil. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 a 
 
 f 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 10.6 
 7.3 
 
 17^2 
 
 10.5 
 
 22.0 
 
 19.5 
 
 6.0 
 
 9.5 
 
 '8:6 
 
 22.4 
 17.0 
 38.0 
 50.0 
 34.7 
 27.0 
 
 35.9 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 9 
 
 ii 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 '5 
 
 11 
 22 
 22 
 20 
 14 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 1.97 
 2.76 
 2.92 
 3.18 
 
 2.12 
 
 2.44 
 0.79 
 2.17 
 1.48 
 1.97 
 0.95 
 
 0.39 
 0.60 
 0.90 
 0.99 
 1.69 
 0.92 
 
 0.70 
 
 & 
 
 ■s 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 10 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 10.5 
 3.0 
 
 '5!5 
 
 10.7 
 21.0 
 11.0 
 6.2 
 11.3 
 
 i2'.8 
 
 11.0 
 8.5 
 18.2 
 21.3 
 12.6 
 9.8 
 
 22.5 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 '8 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 8 
 9 
 9 
 
 ii 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1.73 
 1.29 
 1.73 
 1.57 
 
 1.14 
 1.69 
 1.43 
 1.79 
 1.43 
 1.82 
 1.57 
 
 1.36 
 1.47 
 1.66 
 1.42 
 1.32 
 0.98 
 
 1.18 
 
 1 
 
 ■s 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 "5 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 
 4 
 9 
 8 
 10 
 6 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 ■a 
 
 6.5 
 2.1 
 
 sie 
 
 6.7 
 9.8 
 8.8 
 3.5 
 4.0 
 
 4.6 
 
 4.0 
 
 10.5 
 
 10.6 
 
 8.0 
 
 11.0 
 
 4.6 
 
 1 
 
 ■s 
 
 d 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 '7 
 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 
 .3 
 
 3 
 10 
 10 
 9 
 3 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1.32 
 1.17 
 1.84 
 2.30 
 
 1 
 
 ■s 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 n 
 
 3.0 
 4.0 
 
 '5.6 
 
 1 
 
 Essex— 
 Windsor 
 
 A. Sinclair, M. A 
 
 John Bell 
 
 0.25 
 0.36 
 0.23 
 0.67 
 
 0.25 
 0.10 
 0.03 
 O.U 
 0.27 
 0.30 
 0.04 
 
 0.18 
 0.20 
 0.30 
 0.29 
 1.00 
 0.03 
 
 0.12 
 
 9, 
 
 Amherstburg 
 
 3 
 
 J. F. Kane . 
 
 
 Cottam 
 
 W. E. Wagstaff 
 
 Wm. Mowbray 
 
 J. S. Mellor 
 
 2 
 
 Lambton— 
 
 
 
 1.16 
 1.29 
 1.60 
 1.49 
 1.17 
 1.60 
 
 1.42 
 1.17 
 1.32 
 1.06 
 1.40 
 1.05 
 
 1.30 
 0.87 
 0.88 
 
 0.54 
 1.39 
 0.89 
 0.93 
 1.36 
 1.01 
 0.96 
 1.60 
 0.89 
 
 1.92 
 
 2.17 
 1.87 
 
 1.77 
 1.69 
 1.12 
 1.19 
 1.58 
 1.61 
 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 
 8 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 
 2.8 
 1.0 
 1.3 
 
 s.. 
 2.0 
 
 3.6 
 4.5 
 8.2 
 3.0 
 6.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 S. 
 
 3.0 
 
 7.2 
 1.5 
 3.0 
 4.0 
 
 '4!2 
 6.7 
 0.8 
 1.9 
 
 3.0 
 1.6 
 
 S. 
 
 s. 
 
 1.5 
 1.8 
 1.1 
 1.8 
 0.3 
 
 4 
 
 Thedford 
 
 Martin Wattson 
 
 A. Smyth 
 
 P. MoG. Brown 
 
 D. Ross 
 
 1 
 
 Oil Springs 
 
 Petrolea 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Watford 
 
 
 Wilsonville 
 
 HUEON— 
 
 John L. Wilson 
 
 G.Hood.. 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 H. J.Strang 
 
 4 
 
 Goderich L. HouBe. 
 
 Egmondville 
 
 Caflow 
 
 G. N. Macdonald 
 
 G. E. CressweU 
 
 John Varcoe 
 
 5 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Bruob— 
 
 Mrs. J. R. Stewart.,.. 
 
 3 
 
 Lion's Head 
 
 1 
 
 R, Clark 
 
 1.00 
 R. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 10.2 
 15.0 
 
 11 
 16 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.63 
 0.55 
 1.18 
 1.73 
 2.42 
 2.00 
 3.14 
 3.06 
 2.14 
 
 4.55 
 2.75 
 3.21 
 
 1.97 
 1.99 
 2.34 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 10.5 
 
 10.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 16.0 
 
 10.5 
 
 16.0 
 
 11.3 
 
 9.9 
 
 10.6 
 
 7.0 
 7.0 
 4.8 
 
 7.0 
 7.7 
 8.1 
 9.6 
 6.3 
 11.5 
 
 6 
 
 16 
 9 
 2 
 7 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2.25 
 
 1.61 
 0.63 
 1.48 
 1.71 
 1.84 
 1.38 
 1.38 
 1.65 
 2.25 
 
 2.74 
 1.48 
 1.82 
 
 2.01 
 2.19 
 1.95 
 1.83 
 1.83 
 2.30 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 9 
 
 2.0 
 
 18.0 
 9.3 
 6.0 
 6.0 
 6.0 
 6.9 
 
 13.8 
 7.5 
 6.0 
 
 9.0 
 4.2 
 3.5 
 
 5.0 
 6.0 
 5.4 
 7.8 
 6.0 
 15.2 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 MlDDLBSBX— 
 
 James Grant 
 
 8 
 
 Lucan 
 
 Ailaa Craig 
 
 • WUton Grove 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Wm Matheson ... . 
 
 
 John Rennie .' 
 
 0.48 
 0.20 
 0.14 
 0.22 
 0.83 
 0.34 
 0.19 
 
 0.41 
 0.25 
 0.39 
 
 0.26 
 0.50 
 0.30 
 0.24 
 0.50 
 0.25 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 ,2 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 26.0 
 5.0 
 17.5 
 28.0 
 39.0 
 14.5 
 16.6 
 
 18.0 
 13.1 
 11.9 
 
 17.4 
 13.2 
 13.7 
 15.8 
 16.8 
 23.7 
 
 16 
 16 
 10 
 10 
 14 
 10 
 13 
 
 16 
 11 
 14 
 
 10 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 Henry Anderson 
 
 A. Francis, M.D 
 
 T. S. Challoner 
 
 E B. Reed 
 
 2 
 
 Strathroy 
 
 London 
 
 Florence 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 D. H. Bedford 
 
 W. Uglow 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 Kent— 
 
 W. R. Fellows 
 
 W. D. A. Ross 
 
 S J*. Pardo 
 
 2 
 
 * Chatham 
 
 Dealtown 
 
 Eloiv— 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 N. McCredie 
 
 ThnH Scane 
 
 2 
 
 Eidgetown 
 
 Port Stanley 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 Oowal 
 
 :- 
 
 
 6 
 
 Samuel WilliamB 
 
 Samuel Maccoll 
 
 W. H, Draper 
 
 10 2.81 
 
 10 2.65 
 
 811.89 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 Aelmer 
 
 1 
 
24 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Summaryof the Pall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the first four 
 months of the year 1884, at the several stations reporting for that period and the 
 number of days on which Rain or Snow fell — Contin/ued, 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Oessbtbrs. 
 
 Perth — 
 Stratford. 
 Listowel . 
 Kirkton . 
 
 OxroBD — 
 Woodstock . 
 Otterville . . 
 
 Norfolk — 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Port Dover. 
 Kanelagh . 
 
 Wellington— 
 Drayton . . . 
 
 Fergus 
 
 Guelph 
 
 Urangeville 
 
 Waterloo— 
 Conestogo . 
 
 Brant — 
 Brantford . 
 Princeton . . 
 St. George . 
 Paris 
 
 Wbntworth — 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 North Glandford . 
 
 Copetown 
 
 Stoney Greek 
 
 Halton — 
 Georgetown . 
 Oakville . . . . 
 
 Geby — 
 Owen Sound , 
 Presque Isle , 
 Egremont . . . 
 
 Durham 
 
 Wiarton 
 
 Boyner 
 
 SiMCOB — 
 Penetanguishene 
 
 Orillia 
 
 Barrie 
 
 Coldwater 
 
 Glencaim 
 
 William McBride 
 Alexander Kay . . 
 Henry Doupe 
 
 Rev. R. Woolverton 
 Thomas Wright 
 
 Rev. G. Grant. 
 H. Morgan . . . 
 P. Winskel . . . 
 
 W. Pitzgerald . . . 
 A. D. Farrier . . . 
 A. Shuttleworth . 
 N. Gordon 
 
 Dr. Cassmore 
 
 T. M. Macintyre 
 
 David Beamer 
 
 B. E. Kitchen, M.D 
 John Kay 
 
 G. Dickson 
 
 B. Dickenson 
 
 John Ireland 
 
 0. T. Van. Wagner 
 
 J. Barber, jr. 
 T. Cottle . . . 
 
 J. McLean 
 
 J. McKenzie 
 
 G.J. McCulloch... 
 James Gunn, M.D. 
 
 Wm. Woodman 
 
 C. H. Heming 
 
 Rev. J. F. McBride. 
 
 H. W. Fitton 
 
 H. B. Spotton, M.A 
 
 J. V. Lazonby 
 
 H. M. Stephens 
 
 January. 
 
 Rain, 
 
 R. 
 
 0.21 
 0.25 
 
 0.27 
 0.25 
 
 0.00 
 0.60 
 0.57 
 
 0.22 
 0.89 
 0.13 
 0.50 
 
 0.2 
 
 0.21 
 0.58 
 0.00 
 
 0.34 
 0.10 
 0.37 
 
 0.32 
 0.08 
 
 0.13 
 1.35 
 0.30 
 0.30 
 0.60 
 R. 
 
 0.00 
 
 R. 
 
 0.10 
 
 05 
 
 03 
 
 Snow, 
 
 40.0 
 27.1 
 30.3 
 
 49.8 
 22.7 
 
 15.6 
 45.6 
 
 .7 
 
 26.0 
 51.4 
 34.5 
 
 38.5 
 
 36.0 
 30.0 
 26.0 
 
 86.5 
 29.0 
 46.0 
 
 32.4 
 30.4 
 
 67.0 
 55.0 
 15.2 
 84.0 
 57.2 
 40.0 
 
 15 
 
 February. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 3.86 
 1.58 
 2.10 
 
 0.05 
 2.63 
 
 0.97 
 2.56 
 3.44 
 
 0.56 
 1.51 
 1.25 
 0.35 
 
 1.68 
 
 1. 
 
 2.61 
 
 2.14 
 
 2.24 
 1.00 
 3.32 
 3.45 
 
 1.56 
 0.94 
 
 R. 
 
 1.10 
 0.34 
 0.60 
 0.52 
 0.00 
 
 0.00 
 
 R. 
 
 0.00 
 
 0.50 
 
 1210.03 
 
 Snow. 
 
 17.7 
 21.5 
 15.5 
 
 16.8 
 8.3 
 
 8.0 
 
 8.4 
 
 10.5 
 
 12.0 
 
 17.3 
 
 7.0 
 
 13.5 
 
 17.8 
 
 8.0 
 14.2 
 19.0 
 
 23 
 
 9.0 
 12.0 
 15.7 
 
 5.0 
 
 16.4 
 
 7.0 
 
 25.0 
 27.0 
 19.7 
 25.0 
 15.3 
 33.0 
 
 24.0 
 21.6 
 10.2 
 11.8 
 17.6 
 
 March. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 3.30 
 1.25 
 1.81 
 
 0.95 
 1.58 
 
 2.04 
 1.95 
 
 1.74 
 
 0.63 
 1.31 
 0.77 
 1 
 
 1.70 
 
 1.33 
 2.11 
 1.88 
 
 1.66 
 0.84 
 1.83 
 1.89 
 
 1.45 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.81 
 2.00 
 1.38 
 1.50 
 1.45 
 1.35 
 
 0.62 
 0.77 
 0.67 
 0.84 
 0,61 
 
 Snow, 
 
 .s 
 
 9.9 
 
 12.5 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.2 
 4.2 
 
 3.5 
 3.9 
 
 7.2 
 
 5.5 
 11.2 
 
 4.0 
 12.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 6.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 10.5 
 
 13.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 10.1 
 
 10.5 
 
 12.9 
 5.0 
 
 4.0 
 9.0 
 6.3 
 4.0 
 
 7.7 
 6.5 
 
 6.0 
 8.5 
 3.3 
 6.0 
 4.5 
 
 1.10 
 0.86 
 1.54 
 
 0.64 
 1.33 
 
 0.48 
 0.65 
 1.20 
 
 11 
 
 April, 
 
 Rain, 
 
 0,71 
 0.81 
 0.25 
 0.57 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.14 
 1.33 
 0.74 
 0.98 
 
 0.93 
 0.67 
 1.24 
 1.67 
 
 0.82 
 0.75 
 
 1.02 
 1.70 
 0.80 
 0.89 
 1.12 
 0.88 
 
 0.86 
 0.44 
 0.58 
 3.96 
 0.69 
 
 Snow, 
 
25 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Summary of the Fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the first four 
 months of the year 1884, at the several stations reporting for that period, and the 
 number of days on which Rain or Snow fell. — Continued. 
 
 
 Observers. 
 
 January. 
 
 Febeuaet. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 1 
 
 & 
 R 
 
 1 
 
 d 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 '1 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 36.3 
 
 69.5 
 45.7 
 26.4 
 40.5 
 48.2 
 33.0 
 
 31.4 
 47.1 
 32.0 
 
 42.0 
 36.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 69.2 
 50.0 
 36.6 
 
 36.1 
 30.0 
 21.3 
 
 44.0 
 
 27.1 
 57.0 
 34.2 
 37.2 
 55.5 
 
 57.3 
 50.0 
 44.0 
 60.0 
 42.0 
 57.6 
 41.0 
 
 1 
 
 ■s 
 
 d 
 
 a 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 21 
 12 
 
 19 
 21 
 20 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 11 
 12 
 15 
 12 
 
 17 
 11 
 11 
 6 
 14 
 14 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 0.35 
 
 2.03 
 0.69 
 0.00 
 0.00 
 0.76 
 0.00 
 
 1.16 
 0.88 
 2.65 
 
 1.28 
 2.46 
 
 2.69 
 
 0.47 
 1.30 
 2.16 
 
 2.96 
 
 1 
 
 ■s 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 10 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 f 
 
 p 
 
 17.1 
 
 79.5 
 18.3 
 37.7 
 19.5 
 19.7 
 21.0 
 
 16.5 
 
 24.1 
 8.7 
 
 9.0 
 6.0 
 
 7.5 
 
 20.8 
 28.8 
 23.0 
 
 17.2 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 13 
 14 
 18 
 17 
 14 
 
 16 
 20 
 18 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 03 
 
 % I 
 
 .a •= 
 
 0.89 
 
 1.39 
 1.14 
 1.14 
 0.74 
 1.03 
 0.93 
 
 1.47 
 0.63 
 1.64 
 
 ^1 I 
 1 "^ 
 
 ft ^ 
 
 5 7.1 
 
 315.5 
 5 7.7 
 4 4.4 
 i 7.0 
 4 9.5 
 2 6.0 
 
 810.61 
 
 7 6.6 
 
 8 6.7 
 
 9 0.75 
 
 5 0.71 
 
 8 0.55 
 2 0.33 
 91.60 
 
 7 0.72 
 2 0.57 
 
 0.69 
 
 9 0.33 
 
 8 0.85 
 
 . 0.60 
 2 0.76 
 
 4 0.63 
 
 7 0.51 
 . 0.75 
 
 3 S. 
 
 3 1.0 
 i 2.5 
 5 2.6 
 
 4 0.7 
 
 5 0.7 
 5 S. 
 
 8 2.7 
 
 5 3.6 
 
 6 0.0 
 
 2 2.0 
 5 0.0 
 
 5 0.0 
 
 8 3.2 
 5 3.0 
 4 2.0 
 
 4 3.0 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 Pake? Souitd 
 
 MtlSKOKA— 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gravenhttrst 
 
 Braeebridgo 
 
 Bala 
 
 Rev. R. Mosley 
 
 J. Hollingworth 
 
 T. M.Robinson 
 
 Wm. Simmons 
 
 E. B. Sutton 
 
 0.36 
 
 0.37 
 0.24 
 0.40 
 0.00 
 0.52 
 0.00 
 
 0.16 
 0.30 
 0.17 
 
 0.50 
 0.12 
 
 0.17 
 
 0.70 
 0.55 
 0.32 
 
 0.28 
 0.25 
 0.30 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.16 
 R. 
 0.35 
 0.25 
 0.04 
 
 R. 
 0.23 
 0.50 
 0.80 
 0.14 
 0.32 
 0.23 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 TTooHftown 
 
 C.J. Tisdall 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 York— 
 Toronto 
 
 Observatory 
 
 4 
 
 Georgina 
 
 Captain Sibbald 
 
 Robert Martin 
 
 R. Grant 
 
 2 
 
 Scarboro' Junction. 
 
 Whlland — 
 Welland 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Thorold 
 
 H: Minhinnick 
 
 R. Cameron 
 
 2.761 
 2.101 
 0.99 
 
 S. 
 6.0 
 8 11.3 
 
 
 
 Lincoln— 
 
 
 
 Victoria— 
 Xjindsav 
 
 Thomas Beall 
 
 2 
 
 Kirkfield 
 
 John McTaggart 
 
 John Stewart 
 
 P. McRae 
 
 1 
 
 Bobcaygeon 
 
 Ontario- ' 
 
 1.11 
 1.65 
 
 411.0 
 6 8.5 
 
 6 0.64 
 5 0.83 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 Rev. J. Middleton 
 
 R. C. Brandon 
 
 John Foott 
 
 
 Cannington 
 
 DUEHAM— 
 Port Hope 
 
 PBrEKBOEOUGH— 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Lakefield 
 
 0.12 
 
 2.36 
 
 1.05 
 R. 
 1.58 
 0.20 
 0.06 
 
 1.00 
 0.93 
 1.68 
 0.60 
 0.39 
 2.04 
 0.56 
 
 1 
 
 .7 
 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 1 
 2 
 7 
 3 
 
 20.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 21.7 
 17.8 
 19.9 
 19.8 
 28.0 
 
 28.8 
 32.9 
 11.0 
 10.5 
 •4..0 
 13.2 
 128.6 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 13 
 14 
 12 
 6 
 
 14 
 17 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 12 
 
 
 
 . 0.25 
 
 3 3.0 
 
 3 1.0 
 
 7 0.4 
 
 4 10 
 4 1.4 
 4 2.3 
 1 0.0 
 
 6 2.0 
 4 0.9 
 
 6 1.0 
 3 0.0 
 
 7 2.0 
 
 1 
 
 1.71 
 
 1.29 
 0.89 
 1.43 
 0.87 
 0.86 
 
 1.60 
 0.71 
 1.67 
 0.61 
 0.66 
 1.33 
 1.10 
 
 4 8.6 
 
 514.7 
 213.5 
 7 9.1 
 4 4.5 
 310.0 
 
 418.0 
 3 8.0 
 816.0 
 416.0 
 514.4 
 615.7 
 610.5 
 
 5 0.53 
 
 8 0.41 
 7 0.52 
 5 0.50 
 5 0.30 
 
 4 0.50 
 
 91.70 
 7 0.79 
 
 5 0.72 
 3 0.16 
 41.22 
 
 6 .... 
 
 3 
 
 Wm .O'Connor, M.A. . 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Thomas Telford 
 
 C. R. Stewart 
 
 Wm.H. Hales 
 
 Messrs. Rathbun 
 
 J. Cleak 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 Fastiwgs— 
 
 Desoronto 
 
 BaTiproft 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 Sterling 
 
 BeUeville 
 
 B. F. Butler 
 
 3 
 
 John Johnston 
 
 W. J. Clarke 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Shannonville 
 
 L'Amable 
 
 Rev. Thos. G. Porter. . 
 Benjamin Spur 
 
 
 7 0.63 
 
 3 2.E 
 
 2 
 
26 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Summary of the Fall of Eain and Snow in Ontario during the first four 
 months of the year 1884, at the several stations reporting for that period, and the 
 number of days on which Eain or Snow fell. — Concluded. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Pbontenac — 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Ebnebew — 
 
 Olontarf 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 EiOckcliffe 
 
 Northcote 
 
 Amprior 
 
 GBENVILLB-p 
 
 Merrickville 
 
 Edwardsburgh . . . 
 
 Addinoton — 
 
 Harrowsmith 
 
 Glastonbury 
 
 Denbigh 
 
 Peescott — 
 L'OrginaJ 
 
 NOBTHnMBBRLAND — 
 Hastings 
 
 JJANABK — 
 
 Olliver's Ferry . . . 
 
 Stobmont — 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 :NiPissnfG — 
 
 Sturgeon Falls . . . 
 
 A. Schultz 
 
 A. Thompson . . . 
 W. H. Mclntyre 
 
 F. Kosmack 
 
 R. Shaw....' 
 
 Obskbvees. 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 
 J. Burchill, P.L.S. . . 
 0. Chapman 
 
 John Donnelly . 
 E. H. Ruttan. . 
 James Lane . . . 
 
 Rev. J. Fairlie 
 
 C. O'Gorman, M.D. . . . 
 
 A. E. Hume 
 
 James Smith, M.A 
 
 Mrs. R. Lillie 
 
 jANnAKT. 
 
 Rain. Snow. 
 
 0.20 
 
 0.05 
 
 R. 
 
 R. 
 
 0.02 
 
 0.30 
 
 0.19 
 0.03 
 
 0.92 
 0.53 
 0.25 
 
 0.05 
 2.01 
 0.15 
 0.29 
 0.20 
 
 52.7 
 
 42.0 
 32.8 
 31.5 
 45.0 
 39.0 
 
 26.5 
 59.0 
 
 43.0 
 42.0 
 31.8 
 
 66.5 
 77.8 
 61.3 
 33.0 
 
 18 
 
 Febbcabt. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.10 
 0.00 
 0.82 
 0.68 
 0.70 
 
 1.66 
 0.16 
 
 2.15 
 1.42 
 0.32 
 
 0.61 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.27 
 
 1. 
 
 0.03 
 
 Snow. 
 
 19.0 
 
 22.3 
 24.1 
 27.8 
 18.0 
 17.0 
 
 17.3 
 34.8 
 
 12.0 
 18.5 
 33.7 
 
 40.0 
 16.3 
 11.8 
 21.2 
 10.5 
 
 18 
 
 Mabch. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 1.27 
 
 0.19 
 0.75 
 0.28 
 0.03 
 
 1.21 
 0.93 
 
 1.76 
 0.95 
 1.16 
 
 1.02 
 3.29 
 1.61 
 1.55 
 0.46 
 
 Snow. 
 
 .s 
 
 16.3 
 
 2.5 
 11.9 
 11.5 
 12.0 
 
 10.5 
 19.7 
 
 8.0 
 
 5.0 
 
 15.1 
 
 15.5 
 12.7 
 12.5 
 16.1 
 2.6 
 
 11 
 
 Apeil. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 n 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.89 
 0.87 
 0.49 
 
 0.74 
 0.67 
 
 0.86 
 1.04 
 0.38 
 
 0.90 
 0.71 
 0.67 
 0.84 
 0.43 
 
 Snow. 
 
 „• I 
 
 S. 
 
 0.4 
 
 0.0 
 
 1.0 
 3.5 
 
 0.5 
 2.8 
 
 2.0 
 4.0 
 0.8 
 2.4 
 
 S. 
 
AGRICULTURAL liETURNS:- 
 
 -A-TTG-TTSX 1, 1884=. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OP ONTARIO.- 
 
 The portion of this Report which treats of the season's crops, the progress of har- 
 vesting operations, the condition oi live stock, the supply of farm labour, etc., is compiled 
 from information furnished to the Bureau by its staff of regular correspondents, in returns- 
 made the 1st of August. The areas of crops, ilumbers of live stock, and wages of farm 
 and domestic servants are tabulated from the schedules of the farmers of the Province 
 filled up and returned on the 25th of June — the produce of the crops being computed 
 from estimates of average yield supplied by regular and special correspondents on the Ist 
 of August The market prices are made up from the daily quotations of the newspapers ; 
 while those of the weather are, as usual, prepared under the direction of Mr. Carpmael, 
 Superintendent of the Meteorological Office. 
 
 THE WHEAT CROP. 
 
 The fall wheat appears to have made steady improvement throughout the season, and 
 in localities where it was regarded as hardly worth saving in May good harvests have 
 been reaped. The moderately cool weather and occasional rain-showers favoured con- 
 tinuous growth and healthy maturity, and the grain is an excellent sample, being plump, 
 hard and bright. In a few localities it was attacked by the midge and the weevil, but the 
 extent of injury by these pests is not appreciable on the aggregate crop. Reaping began 
 in the south-western counties of the Province about the middle of July, and by the 1st of 
 August the bulk of the crop was cut and much of it safely housed. The harvest weather 
 being very favourable, the grain has been gathered in first-rate condition. Accounts of 
 the spring wheat are equally good, excepting for the northern and north-eastern counties, 
 where its growth was checked by the drought of June. But even in these districts it 
 promises a fair yield, while in the Lake Ontario, West Midland, Georgian Bay and Lake 
 Huron counties it is reported to be better than for many years. It will be fully ripe about 
 the middle of the month, and with a continuance of the present weather the quality will 
 at least equal that of the fall wheat. The following table gives the area and production 
 of the crops of this year and last year — the production of the present harvest being based 
 on the estimates of 1,150 correspondents : 
 
 , 1884-— ^ , 1883 , 
 
 Acres. Bushels. Acres. . Bushels. 
 
 Fall Wheat 864,551 18,479,207 1,096,206 11,644,005 
 
 Spring Wheat 722,410 13,251,137 586,410 9,726,063 
 
 Totals 1,586,961 31,730,344 1,682,616 21,370,068 
 
 The bad harvest of fall wheat last year and the comparatively good harvest of spring 
 wheat account for the decreased area of the one crop and the increased area of the other 
 this year. About 84,000 acres of the fall wheat was either ploughed up or re-sown in 
 the spring. 
 
FALL WHEAT. 
 
 The May reports of the fall wheat crop from the Lake Erie counties sounded a doubtful note, the bare 
 ground and cold winds of January and the early spring frosts having filled the minds of the farmers with con- 
 siderable foreboding. The growing season, however, was so unvaryingly favourable that their fears soon 
 gave way to a more hopeful feeUug. Under the genial influence of the showery weather, accompanied by 
 the moderately cool temperature that prevailed, the wheat recovered amazingly, and it is generally 
 reported to be fully up to the averige of this district. The slight frost which visited the country in the last 
 days of May, and created some alarm at the time, left no appreciable damage behind it except on low and 
 undrained. soils ; on the whole, the crop has developed and ripened in fine, strong, healthy condition. 
 The complaints of iiijury from any cause are few and faint. Some spots, pecuharly liable from their situa- 
 tion, suffered from rust ; in Elgin the midge appears to have been somewhat active in the Egyptian variety ; 
 the weevil showed itself, but only in one or two localities ; a few fields in the northern part of Norfolk were 
 beaten down by a hail storm ; and one correspondent in iLent mentions a " sprinkling of the Hessian fly ; 
 but, taking the whole ^oup of counties together, the harm done to the wheat crop by any agency has been 
 infinitesimal. Harvesting began at various periods, according to locality, ranging from the 10th to the 
 25th of July ; and the weather during the month being usually favourable for work, farmers were gener- 
 ally able to continue it without interruption until the wheat was nearly all reaped and the greater pro- 
 portion housed. The rains of the last few days, however, have retarded the reaping of a few fields which 
 were late in ripening. The quality of the grain is univorsally reported to be excellent, the heads full, and 
 the berry plump and fine. The farmers of this district appear to be well satisfied with the season's results. 
 The Lake Huron counties having been favoui'ed with an exceptionally fine growing season, the wheat 
 made a splendid recovery from the effects of the early spring frosts, which were the prmcipaJ cause of the 
 rather gloomy forecasts made by many correspondents in the May Report. The acreage sown last fall was, 
 of course, considerably diminished, especially in Huron county, by the quantity plou^ed up ; but leaving 
 this factor out of the question, and taking the group as a whole, there vdll apparently be about a full average 
 crop. The effects of the unfavourable spring seem to have been more persistent in the lower-lying town- 
 ships of Lambton than in the other two more northerly counties ; but this drawback has been largely 
 counterbalanced by the almost complete immunity from insect pests and unfavourable atmospheric con- 
 ditions which has been enjoyed throughout the whole district. Uneven ripening, the result of the spring frosts 
 is the subject of about the only complaint that is made, and even from that cause no serious consequences 
 have resulted. The weevil is mentioned in a few isolated instances, but its ravages are apparently insignifi- 
 
 — ., --^ , — J „„ „ „.^„„ „.^^ damage ttvm 
 
 that agency is barely, if at all, perceptible. For example, a corespondent in the township of Huron, Bruce 
 county, says: "The quality of the grain was never better. Fields that other years would have been a 
 failure from rust have filled up even to the latest head. " The reports are practically unanimous as to the 
 splendid quality of the sample— the berry being large, plump and bright-coloured. In the more southerly 
 townships of the group harvest work began from the 15th to the 25th of July, and is advancing rapidly 
 and favourably, while farther north, though the progress has not been so great, the weather has been equally 
 favourable. 
 
 Though the reports from the Georgian Bay counties vary considerably more than do those from the 
 counties bordering on Lake Huron, they are far more favourable than might have been expected, from the 
 tone of the reports made to the Bureau in May. In Grey and Simcoe, as in the Lake Huron counties 
 the wheat was badly injured by the frosts and bleak winds of early spring; and thojgh in some parts of 
 ■ Grey the crop will, owing to these causes, be considerably below the average, yet over the greater part of 
 that large county, and almost the whole of Simcoe, there will be at least an average yield. Of insect or 
 other pests, mention is made in only a few isolated localities. The wire-worm is reported to have done some 
 damage in the northern part of St. Vincent township, in Grey ; and in Normanby, in the same county the 
 crop '^ was a ^ood deal broken down, having been eaten off at the root," though the cause of the damage is 
 not more specifically mentioned. A correspondent in Vespra township, in Simcoe, remarks that the fall 
 wheat "was a good deal broken down by weakness in the straw, but Icannot discover any insect." Rust 
 did some damage on low land ; but the sample is generally described as unusually large and bright and the 
 straw of good colour. In Gr^y the harvest can hardly be said to have more than begun, but in bimcoe a 
 large acreage has been cut, and a considerable quantity housed in excellent condition. 
 
 The crop in the West Midland district, when fully harvested, will be a good average. Oonsiderine the 
 extent to which it was handicapped by late sowing last fall, by winter killing, and by the cold dry weather 
 about which farmers were so fearful last spring, the progress since made under the auspicious weather of the 
 growing season has been marvellous. What an Oxford correspondent says is true of many localities • 
 " Fields which, under ordinary circumstances would not have turned fifteen bushels per acre will yield 
 twenty-five." Though many fields were considerably thinned on the ground from the causes enumerated, 
 the losses have apparently been fully made up bv the magnificent way in which the heads of what remained 
 have filled, the unusually healthy condition of the plant, and the high quality of the ripened grain AU 
 the counties in the group give encouraging reports— Oxford, Brant and Perth especially so • "a wonderful 
 crop," "extra good crop, best sample for years," "a splendid crop," "never better in quality," are 
 among the expressions used. A Perth correspondent says : "Fall wheat has surprised everyone • fields that 
 looked miserHble in the spring are yielding a bountiful crop, free from any pests, with the exception of a 
 little rust in a few cases, which came too late to do any damage." In Middlesex only has the midee done 
 any serious harm almost wholly in fields of Egyptian and Michigan Amber ; other varieties are quite 
 healthy. A Westminster correspondent, speaking of this, says : "There will not be five bushels to thS acre 
 left (of Egyptian), while the Democrat has proven midge-proof, and will on my farm yield, I beUeVe forty 
 bushels to the acre. Rust and weevil have attacked spots of wheat in wet soils, or that was late sown and 
 from Wellington and Dufferin a few complaints come of injury from wind and rain storms: but these 
 mishaps will hardly be felt in the general sum of the wheat crop. With scarcely an exception the aualitv 
 of the grain is reported to be everything that could be desired— clear, hard, large and heavy Throushout 
 the greater portion of the dwtriot harvesting began about the 20th of the month, and such rapid w.^sfress 
 was maile that there is but httle standing at this date, except in the northerly localities of Wellington and 
 
From those counties of the Lake Ontario group in which fall wheat is generally grown the reports are 
 almost invariably favourable — so much so that they will amply justify the prediction ventured in the May 
 Report, that the yield will probably be above the average. The beat for years,' "extra good," "above the 
 average," are expressions repeated over and over again by correspondents in Lincoln, Wentworth, Halton, 
 Peel, York, and to a smaller extent in Ontario ; while in the more easterly counties the acreage sown is 
 comparatively so small that the less favourable reports from them will not appreciably affect the general 
 result. The quality of the grain is apparently equally satisfactory, for the reports concur in declaring that 
 the sample is unusually good, notwithstanding that rust has prevailed to some extent in late wheat, and 
 that sowed on low, undrained lands. As, however, heavy rains were reported falling in some localities 
 in Peel and York during the last days of July, and large quantities of wheat were outstanding in 
 stook, it is possible that some of the grain may suffer on that account. There is very little complaint of 
 insect pests or unfavourable atmospheric conditions. A correspondent in Gainsboro' township, Lincoln 
 county, writes : "I notice some weevil in the wheat, but not bad." Another in Caledon, Peel county, 
 says : " The Hessian fly has shown itself a little ;" and a third writing from Scott township, Ontario 
 county, states that the midge prevailed to some extent ; but no strious damage appears to have occurred in 
 either case. Some fields in Anoaster, Wentworth county, lodged considerably, rendering the crop some- 
 what tedious to harvest, and a similar complaint is made by a correspondent in Scott township, Ontario 
 county. In the north-western part of East Whitby, in the same county, a few fields were badly damaged 
 by haal. Though the spring frosts and dry weather in June impaired the crop in some parts of Durham, 
 Northumberland arid Prince Edward, there will be a fair yield over the rather limited area in which fall 
 wheat is cultivated in these counties. 
 
 The St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties have never grown fall wheat extensively, and a considerably 
 diminished area is shown for this year. The breadth of the crop was still further reduced by winter-killing 
 and by the frosts of last spring — so much so that many fields were ploughed up. The June drought, too, 
 retarded growth considerably in the counties bordering on the St. Lawrence. For these reascns, only a 
 fraction of the fall wheat sown last fall has survived to the harvest. But though the fields are few and 
 sparse, and will probably be found to have yielded scarcely more than half a crop, there is this compensation, 
 that what has remained is invariably excellent in quality. The straw is strong and well headed 
 out, and the grain inferior ti> none elsewhere. Harvesting did not begin until after the 20th of Jvlj in most 
 parts of this district, and is not yet concluded ; but the greater proportion of the crop is cut, and is expected 
 to be safely housed in good condition. 
 
 In the East Midland counties the aggregate yield will probably not quite reach the average. The 
 severe winter left many fields so broken and thinned that they were ploughed up ; a cold, backward spring 
 followed, which in turn gave way to a somewhat prolonged period of dry weather. • Under these circum- 
 stances the wheat in its. early stage had a poor chance, and the result has been a greatly thinned and» 
 shortened crop and an impaired growth of straw. There has been no trouble, however, from pests of any 
 kind, and during the splendid growing weather of the past six weeks the plants have made marvellous progress 
 and matured in fine condition. The result, summarized in the words of a correspondent, is that "the 
 sample is good, likely to yield well in proportion to the quantity of straw, but below the average per acre." 
 Nowhere is the quality of the grain spoken of but in terms of praise and satisfaction. In the southerly 
 portions of Hastings, Victoria and Peterborough harvesting is well advanced, a considerable proportion of 
 the crop having already been garnered in good order , but in the northern districts of the group operations 
 will not begin for a w^ek or so hence. 
 
 EaU wheat is little sown in the northern districts of the Province, but a fair crop is expected. Harvest- 
 ing is expected to commence about the 5th of August. 
 
 SPRING WHEAT. 
 
 Spring wheat, though not extensively cultivated in the Lake Erie counties, is giving a remarkably good 
 account of itself this year. Erom seed time until now, when the grain is at the point of maturity, the 
 weather has been unvaryingly favourable — moderately cool, free from devastating storms, and marked by a 
 succession of gentle showers, which induced a strong, steady, healthy growth. Scarcely a note of dissatis- 
 faction is uttered in the whole range of reports, and the majority of the correspondents say that the crop is 
 the bast for years. In quantity it is abundant for the acreage planted, and in quality it is excellent. It 
 has enjoyed almost entire immunity from impairing influences ; only a few occasional fields having suffered, 
 and they but slightly, either from May frosts, which checked growth, or from wet on low, undrained spots. 
 The only mention of any insect pest is that of a correspondent in Southwold township, Elgin county, who 
 says that on his farm ' ' the Hessian fly destroyed about one-quarter of the heads of the Ametka variety. " In 
 some localities in Essex, Kent and Elgin cutting has already begun, but as a rule the grain will not be ripe 
 for probably a week longer. A South Colchester, Essex, correspondent, describes the situation concisely : 
 " All ready for the reaper, and would have been all cut had it not been for the heavy rains that set in on the 
 24th ult., and have continued almo.st daily since. Should we have three or four clear days now, the spring 
 wheat and oats will be all cut in this township. The ears are large and well filled, and give every indication 
 of more than an average crop. " 
 
 The reports for Lambton and Huron, and especially the former, are unusually favourable— several cor- 
 respondents in Lambton averring that there is a probability of a better crop than has been reaped for eight 
 or ten years. In many parts of Bruce county there was not only a small acreage sown, owing to the failures 
 of previous years, but the crop will be below the average. The cause assigned in niost cases is summer 
 drought, and as usual late sown grain has suffered most severely. A correspondent in Carrick township 
 says : "It looked well until atout the end of June, but now many fields are drying up on account of drought. 
 Another correspondent, writing from Saugeen township, in the same county, says : There was too much 
 rain at seeding, followed by alternate very hot and very bold weather. " To a trifling extent, the drought is 
 complained of in some of the northerly townships of Huron. The presence of the midge is noted by several 
 correspondents in both Huron and Lambton, but its ravages are apparently not very serious, so far as could 
 be discovered at the time of writing. Making due allowance for these drawbacks, and assuming favourable 
 
weather for harvesting, the yield for the dietriot will be considerably above the average. The harvest vrill 
 be rather later than usual, and is not expected ts be in full operation until between the 10th and 15th of 
 August. A correspondent in Plympton township, Lambton county, saya : " The White Fyfe and White 
 Russian varieties are seemingly the best. The latter appears to stand up well, and the straw makes excellent 
 fodder." 
 
 Though both spring frost and drought are mentioned as having affected the crop in various parts of 
 Grey and Simcoe, these unfavourable conditions appear to have been very unequally distributed, and in 
 comparisiin with the total area of these two large counties their effects have been far from serious. The 
 great majority of the reports promise at the least a full average crop, and not a few predict the largest yield 
 for several years, should favourable weather for harvesting continue. In some localities where dry summer 
 weather prevailed its effects are only observable in a shortening of the straw, and a very slight thinmng of 
 the crop, and as the heads remaining are unusually well filled and almost wholly free from insect pests the 
 result of the drought has been simply to reduce what would otherwise have been a very heavy crop to about 
 an average. On the other hand there have bsen of course some localities in which the recovery has not been 
 quite so favourable, but as already intimated they are apparently inconsiderable in the aggregate. Among 
 the more unfavourable reports is the following from a correspondent in Glenelg, Grey county : " Ovring 
 partly to frozen seed, and also to wet, cold weather in May, much of the seed did not grow, consequently 
 the crop is thin. In some places it was also thinned out by the wire-worm. The crop lioks well now, very 
 well headed, but with some midge which will do damage to some extent." A correspondent in St. Vincent, 
 in the same county, also mentions the presence of the wire-worm, but apparently it has not so far done much 
 harm ; and another in Inni-sfil, Simcoe county, has noticed " the fly and weevil, but the wheat is not badly 
 injured." Two reports from Grey county mention the May rains as having drowned out some low lying 
 £elds. Most of the wheat is now rapidly turning in colour. 
 
 ' In the West Midland counties, especially in Middlesex, Oxford and Perth, a considerably enlarged 
 area was put under spring wheat this year, and the venture is more than justified by the present aspect of 
 the crop. All the correspondents, with scarcely an exception, concur in pronouncing it a really splendid 
 one, in most oases the best for many years, both as to abundance of yield and as to quality of the grain. 
 There is no doubt that the harvest, when completed, will show a result no small degree above the average 
 of this district. A few expressions culled from the reports will give an idea of the feeling among the 
 farmers. In Middlesex: " More than double the quantity sown this year (in Biddulph township) of any 
 previous year for the last ten>,years, and the crop will yield about twenty bushels per acre;" "looking 
 splendid ;" " never promised better ;" "best appearance for years, and expect to harvest an extra crop." In 
 Oxford: ' Considerable sown this year, and looks better than for years;" "an excellent crop;" "best 
 CTop for twenty years— not a bad piece— some excellent ;" "never looked finer, or prospects better." In 
 ■Perth: Crop presents a splendid appearance;" "I am safe in saying that spring wheat never looked 
 better in this section (FuUarton township) before ;" " looks splendid, and filling up nicely ;" " excellent, 
 above the average, and more sown than in former years." In Wellington : "Promises to be the best for 
 many years— have never seen better ;" " best for fifteen years." These are only a few of many similar ex- 
 pressions used by correspondents in all the counties of the group. Several makfe mention of the midge 
 having appeared, but with little or no fear of serious injury therefrom ; from all other pests the crop is 
 entirely free It is now rapidly approaching maturity, and with a continuance of auspicious weather for a 
 week or ten days more the bulk of the grain will be secured in prime condition. 
 
 In the more westerly counties of the Lake Ontario group a larger breadth was sown than for some years 
 back, and the ladications point to a yield somewhat above the average. The grain is maturing weU and 
 promises to be a fine sample if the rains, which were falHng in many locaUties m the last days of July do 
 not produce rust or cause other damage. These remarks apply particularly to Lincoln, Wentworth, Halton, 
 York and Ontario. Irom Peel th^ reports are not so uniformly favourable, owing chiefly to the June 
 drought which impaired the crop considerably in some parts of the county, and reduced the yield in the 
 of^nffi»t, P^^'f^ly.t^o-tl^'rds of a crop. He same estimate would perLps be a safe one for the county 
 of JJurham On the rich clay loams of that county there is promise of an unusually fine crop, but on the 
 lighter lands both the straw and the heads are short, and the crop rather thin on the ground The June 
 drought was severely felt in many parts of Northumberland and in portions of Princf Edward In ^e 
 l°™''„V<.ri'T^,*'' n'r' °"* be more than half a crop; in the latter the yield will be someXt better In 
 
 conspicu6us on the early sown wheat of the older varieties, and parti^ul^r y the 8^010^ F^ ^ A corresp3^^^^^^ 
 in Efamilton township Northumberland county, writes : " There has been little damage by rust "the Hess^n 
 fly, wheat fly and jomt fly have been at work, but I don't think the damage will be IreaVCm them 111 " 
 Another correspondent m Mara. Ontario county, says that " the late wheft suffered Iretty badly W the 
 weevil." As the midpre, on the other hand, seems to prefer the early sown wheat the tSk of eludinVhoth 
 these ingenious httlernsects would seem to be somewhat difficult to acoSmpS %rW wLat wfest h 
 expected to be general from the 10th to the 15th of August. v,uumpu=n. opring wneat Harvest is 
 
 The only serious mishap to the crop in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa group of counties was the neriod 
 
 his district. Its effect waa to check growth for the t me to pr7vent f nil tfuS^in.^^^ tnrougnout 
 
 specially on high ridges. But under\he benign influencio? fhrfi^n^ otl ' fe/wt ft'er^tSt^ut^^^^^ 
 
From the East Midland counties the reports are not ao uniformly glowing as those from some other 
 districts; yet the crops will probably turn out a full average oufl. The June drought was felt in some 
 southern localities, where it has left the straw short and rather scant, but everywhere the ears are r9f)orted 
 to have filled well, an4 the grain to be of a very superior quality. There are a few complaints of weevil and 
 rust, but tliHy are comparatively insignificant ; the fine, cool summer we have had has not been favourable to 
 the operations of any one of the enemies of the wheat. Harvesting will not begin in the greater part of this 
 district for a week or ten days yet, and in the meantime the promise is quite hopeful. 
 
 The reports from the northern districts as to the condition of spring wheat are almost uniformly favour- 
 able, only two reports having been received which are in any degree exceptional to the rule. A corres- 
 pondent in Humphrey township, Parry Sound district, writes: "The cold rains and night frosts of May 
 thinned the crops by rotting some of the grain under ground. The general appearance of the crop, 
 however, is- good, and it is free from ru«t, midge or other injurious agencies. The straw is short, but the ear is 
 full and plump." The other is from the township of Morrison, in Muskoka : " Spring wheat was injured 
 by the frost and drought, but since the rain it looks well and promises a fair crop." 
 
 BARLEY. 
 
 The barley crop of this year has an area of 701,435 acres, or 55,721 acres less than, 
 last year. The estimated product is 17,860,777 bushels, or only 553,560 bushels less than 
 last year — the average yield per acre being about one bushel per acre greater. The frosts 
 of May and the dry weather of June did some injury to the crop, but the July weather 
 was favourable and it made excellent progress up to the ripening season. In the parts of 
 the Province where the drought prevailed the barley was short in both straw and head, 
 but the berry was plump and heavy. The most serious injury to the crop was caused by 
 the showery weather of the harvesting season, and over large areas the grain is more or 
 less discoloured. 
 
 Barley is not largely grown in the Lake Erie counties, but taking the district as a whole the indications 
 point to a fair crop, notwithstanding that in many places its growth was temporarily checked by frost in 
 May. In Essex it is reported to be unusually good. T^ large yield and the fine plump berry are attributed 
 to the cool summer, though the low temperature is regaraed by. some correspondents in other counties as an 
 adverse condition. Generally speaking, the sample will be rather dark, owing to the rains which 
 prevailed in the last week of July, when comparatively little barley had been housed. A correspondent 
 . in Bertie, Wellaud county, reports slight injury by rust in some late sown fields, and a like report comes 
 from Willoughby, in the same county. A correspondent in South Dorchester, Elgin county, writes : "I 
 have heard some complaint of a kind of midge that has injured it some, but have not seen any." The 
 presence of the grub is mentioned by a correspondent in Dunwich, in the same county, but the extent of its 
 ravages is not mentioned. 
 
 The crop in the Lake Huron counties will probably be somewhat below the average, for, though the 
 reports from a large portion of Lambton and Huron are very favourable. May frosts and summer drought 
 appear to have done considerable injury in some localities in both counties, and the crop is consequently 
 rather light. In Bruce these unfavourable conditions were the rule rather than the exception, and the result 
 is that «ie yield in that county will be decidedly below an average. The grain, when harvested, was 
 generally reported as plump and bright, but in some parts of Lambton- the sample was discoloured by 
 recent rains, and as a large breadth is outstanding the quality of much of the grain is still a matter of 
 uncertainty. 
 
 In the Georgian Bay counties barley was injuriously affected in the early stage of its growth by cold 
 Tains, and subsequently by the dry weather. It is generally good on land in good condition ; short in the 
 straw and head on high land, but the grain is plump and heavy ; and on low or wet lands it is more or less 
 patchy. The accounts, however, vary considerably according to the localities. For instance, in the town- 
 ship of Collingwood, in Grey, it is excellent where it was sown early, but the late sown fields suffered from 
 the drought : whereas in Glenelg, in the same county, what was sown early was permanently affected by the 
 wet and cold spring, and the late sown looks well and promises an abundant yield. Taking; the whole crop 
 in the two counties, it is short of an average yield, and while the (juality of the grain is good it is discoloured 
 by rains. Only in a few localities where it ripened early, as in the township of Innisfil, a portion was 
 secured in fine condition. 
 
 The reports for the West Midland counties vary so much that it is difficult to make a tolerably accurate 
 generalization of them, more especially as the data are still further complicated by the fact that oyer a large 
 part of the district rain was falling in the last week of July, and comparatively a small fraction of the 
 •crop is under cover. The reports from Middlesex are almost uniformly satisfactory. There a full average 
 icrop has been harvested, and most of it put under cover in fine condition. Though the harvest is not so 
 far advanced in Wellington, the reports from that county are equally promising. The reports from Dufferiu 
 are also very favourable. As to the remaining counties of the group, the bulk of the grain, though large and 
 plump, will be rather badly discoloured. Early frosts and summer drought are mentioned by several cor- 
 respondents in Waterloo and Perth as having injured the crop, and. even where the yield is nearly or quite 
 up to the average, the straw is reported short. One correspondent in the township of Peel, Wellington 
 ■county, mentions a recent fall of rain and hail which he fears has injured the crop. There has apparently 
 been little or no damage frcan insects or rust. In most of these counties a larger breadth than usual appears 
 to have been sown this year. 
 
In the more westerly counties of the Lake Ontario group the barley grew well and the heads filled with 
 plump grain, but the rains of the last week of July delayed harvesting and fully two-thirds of the crop is 
 discoloured. In the easterly counties, where barley is the staple grain, the frosts of May and the drought 
 of June proved to be very injurious, and the yield will be considerably below the average in these counties. 
 In Northumberland and Prince Edward especially the want of timely rains told severely on the crop, it 
 being thin on the ground and short in straw and head. The July rains, however, improved its condition, 
 and the grain was a bright and plump sample when reaping operations began. In Kome sections a portion was 
 cut and housed in fine condition, but the bulk of the crop was caught in the shock by the rains of 28th and 
 30th July, and the grain will of course be stained. Many of the reports state that, saving its colour, the 
 barley is first-class and will yield well to the straw. On sandy and gravelly lands the drought and the hot 
 week of June had a bad effect, but on strong clay loams the crop did not appear to suffer to any appreciable 
 extent. lu i 
 
 The reports for the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties agree very closely with those for the Lake Ontario 
 
 group. The growing of barley, however, is largely confined to the counties of Lennox and Addington, 
 'rontenac, Leeds and Grenville and Dundas. The May frosts and the cold and dry weather of June arrested 
 growth, and the barley is in consequence very short in the straw. The rains and fine wea,ther of Jul^ made 
 a great improvement in the crop, and an excellent quality of grain was matured. But in this district, as 
 elsewhere, the showers that fell as the harvesting season opened stained the grain, and considerably reduced 
 its market value. In some of the northern counties the crop was not fit to cut before the recent rains, 
 and there it is likely to be secured in better condition. In Carleton it has a fine appearance ; farmers who 
 CTOW barley there report that they never saw it better. In the southern counties cutting began in some 
 localities as early as the 16th of July, but work was interrupted by the broken weather. 
 
 Though a good average crop is reported in some parts of the East Midland counties, this is the exception 
 rather than the rule. " Short and light " is the report made by too many correspondents, and it is 
 frequently coupled with the remark, so commonly made all over the Province, that the sample will be badly 
 discoloured by recent rains. The season has been peculiarly unfavourable for barley in these counties. 
 May frosts appear to have been pretty generally distributed, and these checked the grovpth of the plants at the 
 start, especially the early sown. A long season of drought supervened, causing the grain to mature too 
 rapidly— the result being short straw, and toe often a light crop. EinaJly, the harvest season had only well 
 begun when a spell of wet weather set in, of varying duration, but lasting sufficiently long over large 
 portions of the district to seriously impair the quality of the sample. 
 
 The acreage of barley sown in the Northern districts is small, but the reports are almost uniformly 
 favourable. Drought in June is complained of in a few instances, and frost by one or two correspondents, 
 but the crop seems to have made a good recovery from both these evils. The grain is large and plump. 
 
 It is not expected that tins year's crop of oats will equal last year's, -which was one 
 of the best that the country has ever produced ; yet for the greater part of the Province 
 the yield promises to be very satisfactory. The area sown, as appears by the tables, is 
 1,485,620 acres, being 67,311 acres more than last year; the estimated product is 
 53,195,805 bushels, or about 1,400,000 less than last year, but there is reason to hope 
 that in some districts the condition of the crop will be considerably improved before it is 
 ready for cutting. In the northern and north-eastern counties the drought of June had 
 a damaging eflfect, and in some localities loss was sustained in consequence of the sowing 
 of frosted seed. The late rains have greatly improved the crop, however, and as it will 
 not be ready for cutting before the middle of the month there is some prospect of the 
 average yield exceeding the estimates. For the southern and and south-western counties 
 the accounts are cheering, the straw being of good length and well eared, and the grain of 
 excellent quality. 
 
 The oat crop in all the counties bordering on Lake Erie is a very abundant one, many correspondents 
 say the heaviest for a number of years. There is occasional mention made of various adverse influences,- 
 the frost last spring, dry weather m June and July, a blight that prevented a few ears from filling, the smui 
 n^ilHjii1^4yi°^T *^ T^^l^ region the sum of the mischief wrought by all these causes together is 
 1„ iTiSrl "H; f ' ^ ""H *^^ ^^^^^ '? '^^'S^S' '='^*"' ^""i standing thick on the ground ; and tfie heads 
 KenT W »1™X fif ^r'^'t?- P ^'■''^' f'^«\f^°"'/i««as«. a^d now almost ripe. Some fields in Essex and 
 Kent are already fit for cuttmg and everywhere farmers are preparing for harvesting operations. The 
 seXd^i^ ,riU"cJnditfonf "'^' week, and there is every probability of an immense crop being 
 
 T. J;* ™"^''°''**ff^ greater.portion of the Lake Huron district the crop is likely to show a large average, 
 ^l^ fi.?;.T^'''*^''''.P™"5''''/" extraordinary yield, the only drawback being tie lodging and tanXg of 
 but Tht^ .^L'^^U* ''l"<^„^"d rain storms in ceri^ain exposed locaUties in thenorthernVt of the county ; 
 fLv™,.ir^t F^" "f* ^^^"^ materially the general result. In Huron, the outlook k only slightly less 
 uTonTv thWd^tl^r.rnTw WtT>?''? complaining.of the effects of the June and early July dJougftrwhicb 
 reanW it Thp S»,-n ?f ' Vl *i^* ^^"^^ ''' '^"iJ " "^P^ instances that they are fearing the difficulty of 
 reapmg it. The graan is well eared, however, and the quality is good ; and, in the absence of other serioua 
 
causes, all that is now required to ensure a good crop is about two weeks of fair haryest weather. In most 
 cases the grain is hardly ripe yet, but cutting is expected to begin in a week or so. Sf- 
 
 The accounts received from the Georgian Bay counties are extremely variable, but in general not nearly 
 «o favourable as those from their southern neighbours. . Some fields are said to be so poor as to bp hardly 
 worth cutting, while others show an unusually heavy growth— the contrast being attributed to late and early 
 sowmg respectively. It is probably safe to set down the crop in the aggregate as a low average. Where 
 failure haa occurred it is traceable to two main causes, — first, to the dry weather of the early summer, which 
 was much more widespread and injurious in its effects here than farther south ; and, secondly, to the use by 
 large numbers of the farmers of Grey of last year's frozen oats for seed. Much of this seed is also said to 
 have become heated in the barn during the winter, so that it lost vitalitj;. Under the influence of the recent 
 timely rains, however, the crop is making rapid progress, and a daily improvement is noticeable. Conse- 
 quently, as the growing grain is well headed and in healthy condition, when reaping time comes it may 
 possibly give a larger yield than its present appearance indicates. „™, n i £(, , „ 
 
 In the majority of the counties of the West Midland group the yield will be well above the 
 average. The cool, showery weather which has prevailed this summer, so agreeable to most spring crops, was 
 just the thing for oats. Thje backwardness and coldness of the spring retarded growth for a time, and left 
 the straw somewhat stunted, especially on late sown fields ; but once the crop got a fair start, it thrived 
 wonderfully. The ears are well filled, and tjiere are no serious drawbacks in the shape of rust or smut. In 
 some of the northern portions of Wellington, and very generally in Dufferin, much loss has been sustained in 
 consequence of farmers, like those of Grey, sowing oats which had been frozen last September. On this 
 account many fields had to be ploughed up and resown, as many as three seedings being reported in a few 
 instances. "The British Columbia oat," says a Dufferin correspondent, "was the only one that did not 
 fail. " Notwithstanding these reductions, the crop over the entire district is a high average. It is too early 
 yet for harvesting operations, although a Waterloo correspondent reports that he out a piece of early white 
 Russian on the 29th of July. But in most cases the oats will not be ready for the reaper till well nigh the 
 middle of August ; in Dufferin, owing to late seeding, probably not before September. 
 
 In no other part of the Province are the farmers more gratified at the appearance of their oat fields than 
 those of the Lake Ontario counties. Throughout the whole district the season has been highly favourable to 
 this grain. At first there were some fears as to the effects of early frosts and the succeeding dry weather, 
 but these were gradually dissipated by the ensuing moderate temperature, interspersed with copious rains, 
 which promoted a slow but vigorous and healthy growth, and gave assurance of a really magnificent return. 
 There is a general shortage of straw, but the heads of the grain are very long and full, and every county will 
 show a yield equal to tlje average of past years, while in the majority it is claimed that the average will be 
 surpassed. The quality of the oats, too, will be high ; absolutely no complaints are made of insect pests or 
 disease of any kind. Of course there are a few deficient fields, either because of their location or the nature of 
 the soil, or because they matured too early to secure the full advantage of the later showers. Some of the 
 farmers of Caledon township, in Peel, ventured to use frozen seed, with the same fatal consequences that 
 have followed the experiment elsewhere. But altogether the crop, which will be reaped in the course of 
 two or three weeks, will be a very fine one. 
 
 Oats is one of the standard crops of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa district, and this year the farmers 
 are rejoicing in the assurance of an immense yield. At one time, indeed, owing to the drought, which was 
 somewhat prolonged in this district, the chances were rather precarious. "If the drought had continued for 
 a week longer," says a correspondent in Grenville county, "the crops would have been nearly ruined, but 
 the copious rains which began about the 4th of July have worked like a miracle. Early oats, which were 
 short, shot forth a fair length and are well headed. They promise to be a fine crop. The farmers are taking 
 heart at the prospect." The worst effects of the drought will be a deficiency of straw, so universally alluded 
 to, and a delayed harvest. Most fields are still green. There are a few failures in Renfrew, in some of 
 the northern sections of which the oats have not recovered from their poor start in the spring, and there 
 are also a few cases of smut. Otherwise the grain is everywhere in good condition, and of superior quality. 
 
 The reports for the East Midland and Northern districts do not warrant a more favourable verdict 
 than simply a fair crop ; on the whole, probably something below an average. The effects of both frost and 
 drought have been more seriously felt throughout the greater part of this region than in most other sections, 
 although a recent succession of welcome showers has wonderfully brightened the prospect, especially in the 
 case of the later sown fields. In Victoria the yield will be deficient, but the sample is good. A stunted 
 growth of straw is the universal experience here as elsewhere. The use of frosted seed grain has caused 
 considerable failure in Parry, Sound and Algoma. As harvesting will not be completed throughout the 
 whole of this district until close on the end of the month, there is still a chance of further improvement. 
 
 RYE. 
 
 If' Eye is by no means a popular cereal among the great mass of the farmers of Ontario, 
 owing to its unprofitableness as compared with other grains, and there appears to be little 
 or no disposition to increase the area devoted to its cultivation. Except in a few easterly 
 and northerly counties, where it has for years been a staple crop, rye is found only in 
 sparse and occasional small patches, and is grown not so much for grain as for pasturage 
 and soiling purposes. This year, however, the rye crop of the Province has shared the 
 universal prosperity of all grains, and the aggregate result will be a good average yield. 
 In several' of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties there was considerable winter killing, 
 caused by the formation of icy crusts on the ground, and throughout the same district 
 spring frosts and the extended June drought left the crop in a good many instances rather 
 thin on the ground, and the grain was less plump than usual. But these drawbacks are 
 quite exceptional, for in most other sections the crop has successfully survived all injurious 
 
10 
 
 climatic influences. Only in one or two counties in the ex-treme west were there some 
 slight traces of midge and rust. The cutting of fall rye preceded that of fall wheat by a 
 few days, and at this date it is nearly all harvested, except in the northerly districts of 
 the Province. The quality and condition of the grain are excellent. 
 
 The area sown is 104,141 acres, and the estimated product is 1,621,667 bushels — 
 being 45 per cent, less than last year's crop. 
 
 PEAS. 
 
 Unless the prospects should be marred by very unfavourable weather, the pea crop 
 ■this year will be by far the largest and best that has been reaped in the Province for a 
 ^ood many years. With very few exceptions, the reports from all over western and 
 ■central Ontario indicate that not only was there a considerably greater breadth sown than 
 has been usual of late years, but the vines are long, vigorous, and extremely well podded. 
 What is still more gratifying, from almost every one of those counties in which the pea 
 bugs have been prevalent for a quarter of a century, there comes the intelligence that it is 
 either altogether absent this year, or, if present at all, to a far smaller extent than for 
 several years. This feature of the reports is so coinmon as to be very significant. The only 
 county west of Toronto which forms anything like a general exception to the rule in 
 regard to the excellence of the pea crop is Bruce, where the plant sufiered rather severely 
 from the drought ; but taking even this county as a whole, the yield will be very little, if 
 a,ny, below the average. In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the reports are not 
 quite so uniformly favourable as in the western peninsula and central Ontario ; but the 
 •exceptions are comparatively so few, and the favourable reports are so very favourable, 
 that even in these counties a yield considerably above the average may be pretty confidently 
 counted upon— barring, of course, untoward weather in harvesting. From many of these 
 counties there is also reported a decided diminution in the damages from the pea bug ; 
 though here, as elsewhere, the fear is sometimes expressed that, as the crop is late this 
 year, the news that this pest is disappearing is too good to be true, and that it may turn 
 Tip at the eleventh hour to disappoint present expectations. The reports from the northern 
 ' ^i^t^cts are also very favourable. The above forms an accurate summary of the great 
 bulk of the reports received by the Bureau, and the exceptions may now be more parti- 
 cularly noted. Fears that the recent wet weather would be likely to produce mildew are 
 expressed by one correspondent in Plympton, Lambton county ; by another in Uxbridge, 
 Ontario county, who says it has already made its appearance in some cases : by a third, 
 in Gloucester, Russell county, who adds that the army worm is also destroying some fields ; 
 and also by correspondents in Alice, Renfrew county, and E14on, Victoria county, re- 
 spectively. There are occasional complaints throughout the whole Province that the 
 drought impaired the crop by hurrying it to early and imperfect maturity, more parti- 
 ^'^ItTJf ^^'. counties, where the early sown sufi-ered most, and the late escaped 
 with htt e or no damage. One correspondent in Haldimaad, Noithumberland county, 
 ^rites: The early sown peas are very poor; the later sown promise well. Some have 
 ploughed up their early sown." Wet spring weather, which scalded out the plants, and 
 May frosts are each the subject of a few complaints ; but in the aggregate, like the ither 
 foZt°'''w°ir'^'/^'^ ^'t apparently of trifliag extent. One correspondent in Peel 
 township, Wellington county, and another in Albion, Peel county, mention that the crop 
 
 Tp .'r'^rt. r'^"^ ^^ ^^f u°r f. ^^^ ^^""'' P*^* °f J"ly- A« already stated, 
 the crop IS late this year, and the bulk of it remains to be harvested at this date 
 
 27 S57 PnE"^"^ 7.1 ^^^^'l f^ ^T '°'^'' ^^'' J^"^'" i« l^'-g^r *han last year by only 
 ^^»&7 acres ; but the estimated product is larger by 2,580,263 bushels. 
 
 CORN". 
 
 promSn/inThnt^^" *\'"'™ "'?■ ^^' ^"^" ^"" ^°* ^^"7 promising, and they are least 
 promising in those counties in which corn is most largely grown. The reports from the 
 
11 
 
 Lake Erie group, and, to a considerable extent, from the whole of the western part of 
 the Province, except perhaps the county of Huron, are mostly a series of complaints of 
 one or other of the unusually powerful combination of enemies which attacked the corn 
 plant this year. Good seed was so scarce that an inferior article had to be planted in many 
 cases, and the result has been that all over the Province the crop suffered severely from 
 that cause, and many fields were ploughed up and sown in buckwheat and other crops. 
 The cut-worm, the wire-worm, and grubs of different kinds and colours also seem to have 
 conspired in unusual force against the plant, especially where sown on sod ; and, when to 
 these unfavourable agencies is added the fact that the cool summer weather retarded 
 growth, it will seem rather wonderful that there should be a prospect of a corn crop at 
 all. The fact is, however, that though the general tenor of the reports is decidedly un- 
 favourable, a great many correspondents say at the same time that the crop has made a 
 surprisingly good recovery during the last few weeks ; and should fine weather continue 
 until it is harvested, although the acreage will be considerably less than usual, the yield 
 per acre may not fall much below the average. It is also to be borne in mind that 
 although corn is not very largely grown in the eastern and northern parts of the Province, 
 the reports there are, generally speaking, very much more favourable than the bulk of 
 those from the western peninsula. For obvious reasons the crop will likely be later 
 than usual in harvesting. 
 
 The area planted is 174,834 acres, being 39,403 acres less than was planted last year. 
 
 BEANS. * 
 
 Beans are cultivated in Ontario on a coinparatively limited scale only. Nearly every 
 vegetable garden has its little patch for home consumption, but as a field crop they are 
 confined to a few occasional places where some local or exceptional circumstances, such as 
 proximity to a lumber district, creates a demand for them, or where soil and climate 
 are especially favourable for their growth and maturity. Three or four of the counties 
 of the western peninsula report the planting of an increased breadth this year, and the pros- 
 pects of the crop generally are most encouraging. The principal drawback it has suffered 
 has been a rather slow growth, owing to the lengthened period of cool weather that pre- 
 vailed early in the season ; but, as the plant is strong and healthy, there are good hopes 
 that the worst effect of this may be merely to delay the date of ripening for a short time. 
 What the crop now needs is some warm genial weather in August. It it gets this, and 
 escapes early frosts, it will certainly give an excellent return to the husbandman. 
 
 The area in crop is 24,877 acres, which is estimated to yield 552,953 bushels. 
 
 ROOTS. 
 
 The reports on the root crops of the Province are so varying, even in contiguous 
 localities, that it is difficult to make any general statement with regard to them. There 
 is one exception, however, and that with reference to the most important in this class of 
 agricultural products. Leaving out of account Bruce county and the northern part of 
 ,Huron — where the drought proved too severe — and a few more limited areas elsewhere, 
 the potato crop of the Province promises to be very considerably above the average, both 
 in quantity and quality, a larger acreage than usual having been planted, especially in 
 the west, and there is every indication of an abundant yield of tubers of superior quality. 
 Though the reports as to turnips, mangolds, carrots, etc., are far from being generally 
 favourable, the plants are still so young, and the good effects of the recent propitious 
 weather arer so frequently mentioned, that a report made a few weeks hence might be, 
 and is indeed likely to be, far more encouraging than one based literally upon the actual 
 condition of the crop at this date. These roots, though not so extensively grown in the_^ 
 eastern part of the Province as in the west, have apparently suffered far less, or made an 
 earlier recovery in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa and eastern and northern counties 
 
12 
 
 generally than in many parts of the western peninsula. Turnips, mangolds and carrots 
 have all suffered more or less from the effects of drought during and immediately after 
 sowing, — ^turnips perhaps more than the others, a good many fields having been resown 
 with improved prospects, and others reploughed for fall wheat. " Thin and backward, but 
 healthy," is a very common report made with respect to turnips, and, as already mentioned, 
 numerous correspondents, while reporting rather adversely as to the present condition of 
 the root crop, are very hopeful that the favourable, weather which followed the drought 
 of June would bring the crop up to the average if the fall weather should also prove 
 favourable to the perfection of the roots. The turnip fly has appeared in isolated 
 localities all over the Province, and though some fields have been reploughed on that account 
 the damage in the aggregate does not appear to have been large._ The potato beetle, 
 though reported in decreased numbers in some localities, is apparently more numerous 
 than ever in others ; but Paris Green is now considered so certain a specific against the 
 ravages of this insect that it is generally alluded to in a patronising, half-jocular way, as 
 a necessary, interesting, and not very formidable evil. Special enquiries were made with a 
 view of discovering to what extent the mangold crop was suffering from an insect whose 
 presence was reported to the Bureau for the first time early this summer. It deposits its 
 eggs on. the under side of the leaf, and when the larvse are hatched out they enter the 
 leaf and feed upon its soft tissue. Though the numerous correspondents of the Bureau 
 appear to have made a diligent investigation, it is gratifying to note that this new pest is 
 only reported present in a very few localities and that the damage it has done thus far is 
 but slight. One correspondent in York township, York county, writes : " Mangolds and 
 beets are affected by a worm in the leaf-^the mangold insect, according to the Natural 
 History Society, of Toronto. The second brood is now upon the tops, but as yet they are 
 not badly injured." Another writing from Alnwick, Northumberland county, says: 
 " The mangold insect is here, but not in sufficient numbers to do any serious damage yet." 
 A correspondent in Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward county, writes : " Heard nothing of 
 the mangold insect this year. Last year it destroyed three-fourths of my mangolds." 
 Another in Tossorontio, Simcoe county, says : " Some talk of the mangold midge." 
 Another writing from Pilkington, Wellington county, says : " A few grubs have 
 appeared on the mangolds ; " and a Somerville, Victoria county, correspondent says : " I 
 have seen the insect, I think, on the beets, and I hear of it on the mangolds. It was 
 going hard with the leaves in the dry weather, but they seem to have recovered since the 
 rain." A yellow-striped caterpillar is mentioned by a correspondent in Moulton town- 
 ship, Haldimand county, as eating the leaves of the mangold, but not injuring them 
 
 The area in potatoes is 168,862 acres ; in mangolds, 18,341 acres ; in carrots, 10,980 
 acres; and m turnips, 104,108-acres. The total area in roots is 302,291 acres, or about 
 8,500 more than last year. 
 
 HAY AND CLOVER. 
 
 The crop of hay and clover has not quite fulfilled the bright anticipations enter- 
 tained of It at the time of the publication of the May report of the Bureau Since 
 that time has occurred the blasting frost which accompanied the departure of 
 that month, as well as the drought of June, both of which considerably thinned 
 and shortened the hay and clover fields. Yet, taking the Province as a whole, the 
 yield, though inferior m bulk to the extraordinary crop of last year, is a very satis- 
 factory one. The quantity is a fair average, while the quality is invariably pronounced 
 to be excellent. Timothy was rather stunted ; but the fine cool weather which has prevailed 
 this summer has promoted a remarkably healthy curing of the crop. The old meadows, as 
 usual, have been the greatest sufferers from frost, especially on low or heavy clay soils, 
 where a great many roots were heaved out ; new meadows were often strong enough to 
 recover almost ^^hplly. The worst effects of frost and drought were experienced in the 
 northern and eastern sections of the Province, as in Bruce, the Georgian Bay district, the 
 northern parts of Wellington and Dufferin, and the East Midland and St. Lawrence and 
 
13 
 
 Ottawa districts ; along the borders of the lakes and in the greater portion of the West 
 Midland counties the yield was heavier. On the other hand, the latter districts were more 
 generally visited by the midge than the former ; indeed, in the greater portion of eastern 
 Ontario the clover midge appears to be unknown. In a good many instances clover that 
 headed well enough failed to blossom, which some correspondents attribute to the midge . 
 and others to the frost. A Waterloo correspondent recommends the use of plaster on 
 clover fields, remarking that " where it was sown in the spring the clover crop was good, and 
 suffered no perceptible injury from frost." Haying operations, though several days later 
 than usual, were generally favoured with cool dry weather, and the crop was garnered in 
 splendid condition. Only a few complaints are made on this score, from some localities 
 in the Qttav^i^d^trict, in the case of later fields which were not cut until the weather 
 became broken. The midge is the only insect which is at all seriously complained of, and 
 it appears to be diminishing. It has not been nearly so generally prevalent this year as it 
 was last year. A Georgina township, York county, correspondent reports that " some 
 heads of timothy have been cut above the top joint by a weevil ; " a Russell county cor- 
 respondent says the grasshoppers have done some damage ; and a Westmeath township, 
 Renfrew county, correspondent states that the army worm has appeared there. The 
 second crop of clover, wherever grown, which is chiefly in western Ontario, is reported to 
 be heading satisfactorily, under the influence of the recent fine rains, and though the 
 midge is present it is not very greatly feared. It is rather early yet, however, to gene- 
 ralize on the subject of the second crop. In the eastern section of the Province this crop 
 is not usua,lly cultivated, the meadows being pastured after the first is taken oflf. In some 
 counties, and notably in Haldimand and Welland, correspondents sta,te that a number of 
 farmers in those counties pastured their clover fields this year until the beginning or middle 
 of June and then, taking oflf the cattle, left them to grow a seed crop. In those fields the 
 clover has a good appearance, and is likely to escape the midge — the second brood of which 
 does not hatch out until about the middle of August. 
 
 The area in hay and clover this year is 2,193,369 acres, and the total produce of the 
 crop is 3,044,912 tons — an average of 1'39 tons per acre. Last year's area was 2,350,969 
 acres, the total product 4,115,535 tons, and the average per acre 1-75 tons. 
 
 FRUIT TREES AND FRUIT. 
 
 The fruit growers of the Province are not likely, by a long way, to realize the high 
 hopes they entertained of the fruit crop early in the season. Last year's failure seemed 
 about to be more than counterbalanced, as during their period of rest the orchards had 
 made a great growth of wood, had survived the winter in a healthy condition, and weie 
 making an unusually luxuriant display of foliage and blossoms. Everything held forth 
 the promise of an immense yield of fruit of nearly all kinds. But just at the critical 
 period came the severe frosts of the nights of the 28th and 29th of May, which swept over 
 the whole Province. At first this unhappy visitation did not appear to have left behind 
 it any alarming consequences, as the trees and vines continued to hold,. their blossoms, and 
 the prospects of the crop on the whole were thought to be unimpaired. But gradually, 
 after the fruit began to set, its -fatal effects showed themselves. Only for this untoward 
 event, there is every reason to believe that one of the most bountiful fruit crops for years 
 would have been gathered. As it is, it is extremely doubtful if, in the aggregate, even a 
 low average will be realized. No district, and scarcely a county, in the Province escaped 
 the ravages of the frost. Along the westerly shores of Lake Ontario, on the side of Lake 
 Huron, and in the immediate vicinity of Lake St. Clair and the Detroit river, the effects 
 were felt the least, and these localities will probably make a good showing of fruit — in a 
 few instances an extra one. But the Lake Erie and West Midland districts both suffered 
 grievously. Of apples, which are of course our staple fruit, a good average is expected 
 from the Lake Ontario, Lake Huron and Georgian Bay counties, and there will probably 
 be a small surplus for export. Oxford, Brant, Perth, and some of the counties bordering 
 on the St. Lawrence, promise a medium yield. Elsewhere farmers will be thankful if they 
 
14 
 
 succeed in saving half a crop, -while the Lake Erie counties report a great deficiency. The 
 quality of the fruit, too, is inferior, many of the apples being small, spotted and wormy, 
 and large quantities falling from the trees before maturity. The fate of the pear crop 
 appears to have generally followed that of apples. Fields in close proximity to the lakes 
 are likely to yield fairly, but all others are very bare of fruit. A Brant correspondent 
 says : " Some pear trees are drying up, turning yellow and dying, and the trunks of some 
 fine young trees are rotting." A pear blight is also reported from Norfolk. The peach 
 crop this year is a dismal failure. Many trees succumbed to the severity of last winter, 
 and the majority of those still living are without fruit. Our peach supply for the present 
 season will be almost wholly drawn from a few sheltered localities on the Niagara penin- 
 sula, and along the shores of Lake Erie. Both plum and cherry trees are badly afflicted 
 with black-knot, especially in the western districts. The St. Lawrence and Ottawa, 
 counties, however, as yet appear to be remarkably free from this disease, and they give 
 the only fairly hopeful report of the plum crop that comes from anywhere. The Lake- 
 Huron and Georgian Bay peninsula, a few years ago an excellent plum region, seems, 
 now to be losing its plum orchards, — the trees dying by wholesale from the combined 
 efiects of black-knot, the severe winter, and last year's blight. Cherries have succeeded; 
 better than the plums, and throughout western Ontario the yield was fair ; they are a, 
 very exceptional and unimportant crop in the east. The May frost attacked grape vines, 
 extensively, and though they have survived and are making a fine growth of new wood,, 
 their weight of fruit is extremely light. Essex promises a fair yield. In quite a number 
 of instances, too, there will be some fruit from the second bud, which developed after the- 
 May frost, but it will be late in ripening. There are a few complaints of the rose-bug, but 
 otherwise the vines a;re healthy. In the midst of so much failure, it is gratifying to be- 
 able to note an abundant yield of small fruits of all kinds, and especially raspberries and! 
 currants, from every section of the country. The only small fruit at all injured by the- 
 frost was the strawberry, a good many blossoms having been destroyed ; but the crop on. 
 the whole was a good one. Wild fruits have yielded immensely, raspberries in particular. 
 Erom Essex comes a complaint of the currant worm among red currants and raspberries. 
 The fruit crop in general, although probably adequate to supply the demand for home 
 consumption, will furnish a very insignificant quota to the export trade. But the May 
 frost, so fatal to the year's crop, has not apparently left any permanent traces behind it. 
 With the exceptions indicated above, fruit trees are thriving, and putting on a large 
 addition of wood for next season. 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Pasture land throughout the Province was generally in fine condition until the- 
 drought of the latter part of June and the beginning of July set in. In some localities in 
 almost every part of the Province, though fortunately not over a very large area in the 
 aggregate, the dry weather parched the pastures beyond recovery. This was particularly 
 the case in the county of Bruce and some of the northern townships of Huron, Lambton 
 and WelHngton, and the effects were felt of course in the condition of stock of all kinds 
 as well as in the oiftput of dairy products. But generally speaking the effects of the 
 drought were not quite so severe. As one correspondent in Guelph township, Wellington 
 county, tersely expresses it : "Pastures are not prominent, but plenty of bottom awaiting 
 rain, and when the ram came, which it did very copiously over a large section of the 
 Province m the latter part of July, pastures revived astonishingly, with correspondingly 
 good effects on live stock. It is safe to say that the great bulk of the live stock is in 
 excellent condition, although soiling and other expedients had to be resorted to in locali- 
 ties where the drought was most severe. Cattle and sheep are unusually good and free 
 from disease, and hogs are in fair condition except in the corn growing districts where the 
 lightness of the crop last year left them on short supplies. As one correspondent in Cam- 
 den, Kent county, says : " Pigs look as if they were tired waiting for the new crop of 
 gram." Horses are also generally reported to be in good condition and, like other live 
 stock, remarkably free from disease, the only exceptions being a few cases of pinkeye in 
 
15 
 
 different parts of the Province, and none of them were reported fatal. Fat cattle have 
 generally done well, though suffering from the drought in some places, but they are 
 reported scarce in almost every part of the Province, with a decline in prices. In some 
 neighbourhoods, however, especially in the Lake Erie and some of the West Midland 
 counties, the contrary appears to be the rule. An unusually large quantity of dairy pro-^ 
 duce of superior quality is generally reported, especially in Leeds and Grenville and those 
 other parts of the Province where this branch of agricultural industry is of prime impor- 
 tance, though there was a temporary falling off of the milk supply in consequence of 
 drought. A correspondent in Blenheim, Oxford county, reports that " not many sheep 
 are raised on account of the low price (Jf wool." Another in Biddulph, Middlesex, says :; 
 " Owing to the low price of wool many farmers are going out of sheep husbandry entirely. 
 They say cattle are more profitable, and that they do not thrive where sheep are pastured.'" 
 A correspondent in King, York county, says : " I think the time has come when farmers, 
 should sow crops for soiling cattle, as I believe it to be cheaper than pasturage and more 
 stock can be fed in a smaller acreage than can be done by pasturing." ^ 
 
 LABOUR AND WAGES. 
 
 The supply of labour for haying and harvesting is this season more plentiful than usual 
 in every part of the Province, though of course there are exceptions to the rule, dependent 
 on local or other circumstances, and as a consequence wages are decidedly lower than last 
 year. This state of things is mainly due to two circumstances. The first and most 
 important — one that is repeatedly referred to by correspondents as a most potent factor in 
 the question of farm labour — is the very large number of self-binders that have been put 
 into the harvest field for the first time this summer, and the decided diminution in the 
 number of hands thereby rendered necessary for harvest operations. The second is that 
 the crops ripened rather slowly, so that farmers were the more able to compass their har- 
 vest work without being under the necessity of putting on a heavy staff of hands for a few 
 weeks during the " rush," as they sometimes have to do. In a good many localities wages 
 began high in the early part of the season, but later on supply and demand became more 
 equalized — in some cases, in the Lake Ontario counties particularly, by an influx of immi- 
 grant farm labourers. Many correspondents, while reporting an abundant supply of labour 
 of a kind, remark that at the same time it is difficult to get really competent farm hands, 
 and that such men always command high wages. There is also very frequent mention of the 
 difficulty of getting good female domestic servants on the farm. It is very difficult, with- 
 out actually averaging the figures, to approximate the rate of wages paid, as it apparently 
 differs so very widely, even in adjoining townships or school sections. In western and 
 central Ontario^a considerably higher rate appears to prevail than in the eastern end of 
 the Province. In the former probably $L25 per day, or 125 to $30 per month, for short 
 engagements during the harvest, board included, would be a fairly accurate average, and 
 $1 per day and from |18 to |25 per month, for the latter. Of course the monthly rate 
 is largely reduced when the engagements cover periods of from six months to a year. 
 
 The foregoing remarks are of course based on the reports of correspondents made on 
 the 1st of August, when harvesting operations were well advanced. Ihe table of wages 
 is compiled from the returns of farmers made on the 25th of June. 
 
 Bureau of Industries, 
 
 Toronto, August, 1884. 
 
 A BLUE, 
 
 Secretary.. 
 
16 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 The following extracts are taken from the General Remarks of correspondents : 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 " William Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : This has been a very peculiar season ; some farms and sections 
 suffering very much from want of rain, while some just adjoining have had almost sufficient, the showers 
 being local and partial. * 
 
 A. H. Pettit, Grimsby, Lincoln : We have had this 31st July the heaviest rain of the season — ^just two 
 and one-halt hours one continual downpour. How it wUl afltept harvesting operations the future must 
 decide, but the ground in this locality is thoroughly saturated. 
 
 Peter Bertram, Orillia, Simcoe : My report is subject to an exception of a few localities where they seem 
 to have missed nearly all the summer showers, which liave been mostly thunder storms. There is a belt 
 passing through Orillia that has had constant showers, and in this belt the crops are all good. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Pastures were dried to the consistency of brick dust, but the recent 
 rains 'are refreshing them. ^ 
 
 James Cruickshank, Zone, Kent : The finest summer I ever saw — cool all July. 
 
 Ira Barber, Townsend, Norfolk : Fall wheat in some localities was badly damaged by hail ; in others 
 slightly by frost. It was badly knocked down by wind and rain where stout and rank. 
 
 John Seoord, Grantham, Lincoln : The year 1884 so far has been about as good a growing season in this 
 section as we have had for many a year. 
 
 W. J. Lummerby, Russell, Russell : Yesterday we had the heaviest rain of the season, and where the 
 grain is rank it is very much beaten down, and will no doubt be injured. 
 
 Thomas McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : I have not seen a hail storm this summer. Corn and tall 
 thick grain are standing perfectly erect. 
 
 Joseph Alton, Strong, Parry Sound : We had a white frost last night on the low lands. 
 
 Thomas Wilson, Huron, Bruce : No ram here since the 25th of May until the morning of the 31st ultmio— 
 not more at least than would wet a muslin handkerchief. Then we had a pour for over an hour. 
 
 James Johnston, Carriok, Bruce : This has been the dryest June and July I ever saw ; in fact I have 
 seen more rain fall in one hour than we have had for the last two months. ' 
 
 THE HARVEST. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington: Spring wheat promises particularly well. Many fields I have 
 examined will thresh thirty bushels per acre, of the white Russian variety. It has filled well during the 
 recent cool weather. 
 
 A. M. Driver, Blanshard, Perth : There are several fields of fall wheat in this neighbourhood will thrash 
 out forty bushels to the acre. The average is lessened by fields partially winter killed. There are also fields 
 of oats that wUl yield fifty bushels. Fields worn out by over cropping reduce the average. 
 
 A. F. Stewart^ Beckwith, Lanark : It is very hard to give a correct estimate for this year, one part of 
 the land being a light crop and the other heavy. The dry weather lasted twice as long in one half of the 
 township as in the other. 
 
 R. Postans, Trafalgar, Halton : The yield of fall wheat will be heavy ; I have heard forty bushels per 
 acre mentioned. 
 
 A. G. Muir, Grimsby, Lincoln : In fall wheat I think that last year I reported an average of six bushels 
 per acre, and was thirty per cent too high, while this year I report twenty-six per acre, and I believe I ain 
 low. 
 
 T. Abercrombie, Euphrasia, Grey : In this township there is a difference of ten days in harvest on 
 account of high and low land. 
 
 James Farney, Flos, Simcoe : Many fields of fall wheat far above the average— I should say forty-five 
 bushels per acre, with very plump and bright grain. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : There are some oats that will turn out seventy-five bushels to the acre, 
 but that is an exception. 
 
 H. R. Archer, Mosa, Middlesex; On some farms fall wheat and oats have been as high as fifty bushels 
 per acre. < 
 
 H. T. Potts, Saugeen, Bruce : I have seen fields of fall wheat which will go thirty bushels per acre and 
 others which will not go five. ' 
 
 Richard Joli^e, North Dorchester, Middlesex : I have some barley will yield forty-five to fifty bushels 
 to the acre, and of good quality ; average, thirty^ 
 
17 
 
 SEED GRAIN. 
 
 Joseph Garner, Pelham, Welland ; A small quantity of black Sussian barley was sown this year for the 
 first time. It appears to have done well, but as it is not threshed yet I cannot say as to the yield. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : A new kind of oats has been introduced here the last two years, called the 
 Egyptian, which is a good oat and a heavy cropper, but possesses the evil property of staying in the groun'd. 
 Fields in which it was grown last year seem to be half oats this summer. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : There would have been much more ^ain raised on the land if good 
 sound grain had been sown, instead of frozen seed, which was largely used. The appearance of the crops is 
 largely in favour of good seed. 
 
 DRAINAGE AND CULTIVATION. 
 
 John Anderson, Turnberry, Huron : I would recommend early sowing of fall wheat. In sowing last fall I 
 missed a laud, and sowed it about ten days lat«r. Though when we came to harvest it there was twenty 
 bushels an acre on each side of it, this land was hardly worth cutting. 
 
 .T. B. Hobbs. Warvrick, Lambton ; The land last fall was dry and hard ; much of the wheat got in in 
 poor condition, and the crop on such iU-prepared soil was not in condition to stand hard spring frosts. But 
 where all was favourable on well drained land it will yield from thirty to forty bushels an acre. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk ; Farmers find that sowing salt on the crop (fall wheat) has a" 
 tendency to prevent the rust. 
 
 Robert Watson, Windham, Norfolk : We would do a good deal more tile draining here if we could only 
 get the help. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Hay ranges in this township all the way from very good to very bad — from 
 two tons per acre to 200 lbs. The very good means first or second crop with manure and good cultivation ; 
 the very bad, third or fourth crop with poor cultivation. 
 
 Robert MoGutcheon, Sydenham, Grey : Every year makes it more evident that farmers will have to give 
 more attention to farming to make it pay, and underdraining is one of the most important parts of good 
 farming. 
 
 Hon. J. Simpson, Darlington, Durham : I have 80,000 feet of tile underdrainage on my farm — 100 acres 
 — and I wish I had more. ' 
 
 INSECT PESTS. 
 
 John Darby, Vespra, Simcoe : A joint worm in the timothy, which cuts the straw in two at the first 
 joint below the head, thereby destroying the seed, is much more prevalent this season. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : After the frost an insect formed its web in the apple blossoms and 
 drew the bunch of blossoms together, and seemed to destroy the apple before it got fairly started. 
 
 Samuel Yeandle, Southwold, Elgin : The wheat crop, or part of it — the Egyptian variety — almost de- 
 stroyed by the midge. Fully two-thirds gone. 
 
 Isaac Piett, Houghton, Norfolk : There is some kind of pest, resembling a oat-fish in form — black and 
 slimy, and about half an inch long — working on the under side of thg leaves of the cherry trees. 
 
 A. M. Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex : There is a black grub which has quite destroyed our corn this 
 spring, so that we are now planting all over the third time. Is there any preventive, .or remedy ? 
 
 R. C. Taylor, Tilbury West, Essex : My little boy found worms in the fall wheat grains. I think they 
 are like what we had in Wentworth county twenty-six or twenty-seven years ago. We called them weevil 
 then. A neighbour from Stony Point was here to-day. He says the midge has been in the clover here for 
 many years, and is in the early crop, but does no perceptible harm. He says it was here at the same time as 
 the wheat midge — fifteen or twenty years ago — but he does not think it is identical with that insect. 
 
 J. E. Gould, East Whitby, Ontario : I have noticed one or two pieces of clover that are being saved in 
 this locality, where it was pastured until the first or second week in June. The prospects are a good crop 
 of seed, with no effect to be seen of the midge. 
 
 ■) 
 
 LABOUR AND MACHINERY. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : Suitable servant girls for the farm seem to have gone out of the 
 {narket. 
 
 Alexander Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : Good wages for good men. 
 
 William A. Webster, Leeds and Lansdovnie, Leeds : I don't hear the word wages mentioned. With our 
 improved machinery we are doing our own work, and doing it well. Peace, plenty and contentment reign 
 here. 
 
 John Smith, jr., Blandford, Oxford : Self-binding harvesters are coming into general use, and these are 
 beginning to he felt on the labour supply. 
 
 2 
 
18 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : House servants hard to get ; $6 to $10 per month. 
 
 G Edwin Cresswell, Tuokersmith, Huron : Owing to the large use of labour-saving iniplement^ such as 
 the mower, the horse rake, the hay fork, etc., for the hay crop, and the binder for gram, no dilhculty is 
 experienced in procuring harvest hands, and the rate of wages is kept withm reasonable bounds. 
 
 Robert Russell, Greenock, Bruce : Owing to the light crop few labourers are required. 
 
 Henry Anderson, Westminster, Middlesex : I have heard of immigrants not being able to get work ; 
 with machinery few hands are sufficient. 
 
 William Elliot, West Williams, Middlesex : Self-binders tend to lower wages. 
 
 George Douglas, London, Middlesex : Females very scarce ; wages $2 a week. 
 
 John Douglas, Arran, Bruce : The greatest trouble is the want of skill in the hands that you do get- 
 not at all as it used to be. Men who know comparatively little of farm work look for high wages. 
 
 Robert B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : Female farm servants in good demand at $7 per month. 
 
 George Forsythe, Morris, Huron : Self-reapers coming into general use now, so we don't feel the want of 
 liands. 
 
 J. Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : It is your correspondent's humble opinion that there are enough able- 
 1!^aied men in the country to do all the work without importing any, if they qould be indaced to take a fair 
 day's pay for a fair day's work. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Good hands generally have work at fair wages. Discontented 
 immigrants who want big pay and little work are not in demand in this township. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Self-bmding machines are being introduced by some, and others 
 are making more enquiries about them than usual. In a few years they will to a great extent supersede the 
 present reapers. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : If it was not for machinery our crops would rot on the ground. I am 
 using a hay pitcher in field, and find it a most valuable machine. 
 
 G. E. Fitzgerald, Rainham, Haldimand : A considerable number of self-binders introduced. 
 
 Joseph Miimby, Moulton, Haldimand : Self-binders, hay forks and loaders do away with labour strikes. 
 
 S. H. VauEvery, Pelham, Welland : Self-binders are beginning to be used, and are making quite a differ- 
 •«nce in labour. 
 
 B. Kilmaster, Walsingham, Norfolk : Quite a number of self-binders bought this season, so it makes 
 labour plenty. 
 
 W. MoCredie, South Dorchester, Elgin : Owing to the amount of improved machinery now in use the 
 -farmers are more independent, and consequently wages do not go up as high as formerly. 
 
 Daniel McKillop, Aldborough, Blgia : Times are rather dull, markets are low, and no demand for cattle, 
 ■consequently labour is not so high this year. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent : Hands were scarce all through haying, or rather would not take what was 
 -offered, viz., $1 per day, demanding $70 for two months or $2 ^er day. But self-binders, and the cool 
 weather causing grain to ripen slowly, enabled the farmers to dp without help, so they were glad to take $1 
 per day. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : The labour supply has been abundant. Three causes may.be assigned : 
 "I, Wheat ripened unevenly, which gave the farmers more time ; 2, work in towns has been scarce, oonse- 
 "■quently there were more men ; and 3, quite a number of farmers have got self-binders, thereby lessening their 
 vneed for help. 
 
 John Warnock, Tilbury West, Esses : There was no scarcity of help in this neighbourhood, as the stave 
 factories are all shut down and not much business going on. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : In regard to labour, I might say the local supply is far above the demand ; 
 many of our best men can hardly get employment one haU of the time, and many more are idle most of the 
 time. All kinds of work seem to be almost at a standstill. 
 
 John Dickie, Colchester South, Essex : This county is differently situated with regard to labour supply 
 from the greater part of Ontario. There is a large population of French and coloured citizens, the greater 
 .number of whom own small farms of from five to fifty acres. The male members of these families work out 
 • during the harvest and other busy seasons, so there is never a scarcity of male help. The greatest difficulty 
 iere is to get trustworthy females as servants. The females of the French families are all engaged in knit! 
 ■ting or straw -plaiting, and as a rule will not go out as domestic servants. The best of the coloured girls go to 
 Detroit, where they get higher wages, and employment better suited to their peculiar idiosyncrasies. 
 Thomas Page, Wallace, Perth : Self-binders have come into use this year for the first time. 
 
 "William Lang, Downie, Perth : We have no labouring men. A few young men will go out to work in 
 ^harvest if they can get $30 to $40 per month. 
 
 -J. B. Snyder, Woolwich, Waterloo : Labour supply ample, as many farmers have bindersi 
 jAlfrod Kitchen, South Dumfries, Brant : The labour supply has been more plentiful than for the last. 
 lew years, on account of so many self-binders, and the wages have been very reasonable. 
 
 George Ballachey, jr. , Brantf ord. Brant : There is plenty of room for more good farm hands and stock men, 
 and as tor female help it cannot be had for love or money. It would be a great boon to farmers' wives if a 
 half miUiou of Ohinese were imported into the country— that is if they will do house work as represented. 
 
 Robert Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : Female help is very scarce at about $6 per month. 
 
 David Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin ; Farm hands are soirce. 
 
19 
 
 Hugh MoBougaU, East Luther, Dufferin : Labour plentiful. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobiooke, York : The use of self-binders has made harvest work easy. 
 
 IookSg"Jrworf ^'fesffo^aUl:^^^^^ '"'"" '" *''' "''"" "^^" ^* P'^^"*" ^^™"^ ^^^ =° """"y 
 
 partti &h"kr^arv^oIl1 hav?bein sclrce"" *" *' "'"^ '""='''^°* cord-binders sold and used in this 
 
 Thomas Ca,in, Scott, Ontario : Self-binders are with many farmers supplying the place of hired help and 
 
 Tmontt'^^h boarTwiffng and mlnlfng" "''"^ "°"*''" '*"™" " '"'' *° ^"""''^ from$30?o$40 
 
 m,f 3'inT WV?""*^*^' J^?"^^?^' ^^^^"^ ■■ There seems to be plenty of men wanting to hire, but they hold 
 out for such high wages that quite a number of the farmers are getting self-binders rather thai hire them. 
 
 highnesfof wl" e?*°'^^°^' ^°* ' '^^'^ self-binders are preventing any great scarcity of labour, and consequent 
 
 Jacob W. Strong, Gainsboro', Lincoln : Without machinery the farmer at the present time could not 
 secure his crops, as hand labour is too scarce and dear. 
 
 ■ * ^' ^" ^*i4®''v(^la,nford, Wentworth : The self-binders, of which a great number have been introduced 
 into tne township, have lessened the demand for labour, which is consequently well supplied. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Labour has been plentiful, a number of self-binders having come into 
 this section. ^ 
 
 Robert Lawrence, West Gwillimbury, Simcoe : Self-binders doing all the work, leaving labourers to do 
 something else, therefore reducing wages a little. 
 
 ^, /^- Elliott, Glenelg, Grey : At the present rate of wages, farmers must work hard themselves to help 
 the hired man make his salary. 
 
 A. Bond, St. Vincent, Grey: Great scarcity of girls. If some of the immigrants, both male and female, 
 were sent to Meaf ord it would be beneficial, as hired help is rather too high for the farmers, and many farms 
 are consequently poorly farmed. 
 
 Robert Colville, Clarke, Durham : In consequence of a rush of self -binding reaping machines into this 
 locahty it lessens the demand for harvest labour. 
 
 A. Hawkins, Eldon, Victoria : Labour plentiful, on account, to a large extent, of the introduction of self- 
 binders. Those who last year had two, three and four men, now do with one. 
 
 D. MoEarlane, Eolfey, Parry Sound : This is the first season that mowers have been introduced, which 
 makes the labour supply sufficient. 
 
 D. Patterson, McKellar, Parry Sound : Splendid chances for old country farm labourers. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterborough : The large number of binders which has come into the county has 
 made harvest hands plenty. 
 
 Joseph D. Davidson, North Gwillimbury : There has been Sufficient farm help to meet the demand. 
 The number of self-binders now in use lessen the amount of help required to a considerable extent in this 
 locality. 
 
 STOCK RAISING. 
 
 0. A. O'Malley, Aldborough, Elgin : Pastures short, and a good deal of soiling and extra feeding was 
 done. Stock in consequence not extra. 
 
 George Dewar, Plympton, Lambton : Fat stock is in better condition now than at the same date last sea- 
 son, and dairy produce is also more abundant. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : I"at stock pretty well cleared out at present by shippers. 
 
 John McMillan, Hullett, Huron : The sale of beef cattle is rather dull at present, and prices at least 
 half a cent per pound lower. Farmers are looking more to cattle raising than ever; more beef cattle in 
 this locality than any past year. Keeping scrub bulls is a great injury to the cattle interest generally, as 
 superior animals always command a good price. 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : Horses improving in condition rapidly, our township being largely 
 improved by Clydesdale stallions. 
 
 DAIRY PRODUCE. 
 
 George Buskin, Arteinesia, Grey : I know one man accused of tampering with his milk. Three samples 
 were sent to Toronto. The answer came back, " No adulteration." Milk may go a little wrong from some 
 cause over which we have no control. Men at factory sometiinea losing. 
 
 Daniel Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Dairy produce is abundant, but not any market for it. Deal- 
 ers in butter would do well to come here in September and October. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : Products of dairy manufactured into cheese, averaging ten to eleven 
 pounds of milk per pound of cheese. D. M. McPherson, of Lancaster, has over seventy factories in this 
 county. 
 
20 
 
 Thomas McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : The dairy produce so far as I can learn is excellent. There 
 is very little soft, white, oily butter, on account of there being very few thunderstorma. The nights were 
 cold. 
 
 Richard P. EUerbeek, Portland, Frontenac : Not much butter made in this section this season, as the 
 farmers are all patronizing the cheese factories. 
 
 Alexander Thomson, South Leeds : Pastures are in fine condition : the aftermath is splendid and live 
 stock of all kinds are lookiti|r well. Fat stock will be quite plentiful this fall, as the scarcity of hay in the 
 rear of the townships is causmg the farmers to dispose of all surplus stock, which will be fattened later on. 
 As for dairy produce, cheese takes the lead. There has been and is at present a large production of this 
 staple, and prices are fully one cent per pound higher than last year. 
 
 FRUIT GROWING. 
 
 William McCormick, Pelee Island, Essex : Grapes are looking well — frost did not affect them. 
 
 C. Jarvis, Brantford, Brant ; The pear trees are drying up, turning yellow and dying, and the trunks 
 of some fine trees are rotting, though young. Do not know the cause. 
 
 Samuel Edmonstone, Keppel, Grey : Apple trees injured by blight ; shoots dying all over the trees. 
 
 Andrew Grier, ColUngwood, Grey : There is a blight in a great many of the apple orchards. The out- 
 side branches of the apple trees are dying. 
 
 William Milne, Osprey, Grey : Fruit wiU do pretty well here, and there are many young orchards. 
 1 II Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : Peaches a total failure — not a bushel for miles around KingsvUle or in 
 the south of Gosfield, nor many in the north. I cannot account for the failure. Some say the cold spring 
 winds ; some say the severe cold winter. 
 
 Joseph Alton, Strong, Parry Sound : I think it would be a good idea if you would send in some hardy 
 kinds of fruit trees, and give them a trial here. 
 
 Alexander Thomson, Yonge : The apple crop is promising nearly, if not quite, an average yield. We 
 have no worm to any extent in the fruit this year, and the trees are looking well ; the only trouble is the 
 borers, which injure the young trees a good deal. There are neither pears nor peaches in this locality. 
 Plums are poor, and are destroyed nearly every year by the "blast." The cherry crop, too, is very poor, 
 and the trees are nearly all destroyed by the black-knot. Strawberries were ruined by the frost and drought. 
 Grapes were badly injured by the frost, but the second bud developed after a long time and the vines are 
 looking very well now. The small fruit as a whole is a good deal under an average. ' 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 J. A. Brenton, Burford, Brant : Woodchucks are very destructive in some parts of this township, 
 something should be done towards destroying them. 
 
 F. C. Sibbald, Georgina, York : Many hands are returning to their old homes from Michigan and 
 JVLanitoba. i 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : On heavy soil there is considerable complaint regarding turnips not 
 coming forward after coming up. The reason I think is attributable to the June drought. The ground was 
 very loose and mellow, and when drills were made did not pack enough for the tender roots to get sufficient 
 hold. Splendid on hght sous. 
 
 T ^i.-^'ft.^'f" ^- ^v,-^i°'^'- '^l^jendon and MUler, Frontenac : I have read the statistics with pleasure, and 
 I think that pamphlets printed in the German and English languages and sent over to Germany and Scotland 
 would induce the right class of people to come here. In my twenty years observation these two nation- 
 alities are the most fnigal, industrious and persevering people to work the wilderness into arable land I 
 believe some copies of the agncifltural statistics would do more to develop the Province than all the emiera- 
 tion agents combined. oiuigio. 
 
 C. Darling, Howard, Kent : The honey interest is becoming one of some magnitude. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : The garden, that most important auxiliary to the farm, is not taken 
 into consideration m your reports. Every farm should have a garden of at least one-half aA acre in con- 
 nection. A good supply of all kinds of vegetables is equalled only by a good supply of fruits. 
 
 * ^\?' ??i.^^' ?*™'*' Lambton : I had two acres mangolds just coming up, when the frost of 29th May 
 cut half of them down Two rows of rutabagas were killed, but the ten rows of carrots stood best of ^ 
 i had enough mangolds to transplant the bare spots, and the leaves now cover all the ground Rows 
 twenty-eight inches apart. ° 
 
 few ^"rovfrnents^'^'o^™"""^' ^^^ ' "^^^ ^^""^ °^ """^^ '*°* °®*^°" ^*^* farmers pinched, consequently 
 Stephen Hall, Blenheim, Oxford : Not many sheep are raised on account of the low price of wool. 
 Edmond Anderson, Lanark, Lanark : Bees have not done well as yet this season. The cold smIIs of 
 
 2u't?iSn Wy^"^* "^^ ^' '"^"'^^ ^^ ^^°'""' ^"* " *'°^* ^^^P^ °^ ^^^'^ may yet be a good^ow of 
 
STATISTICS OF. 
 
 CROPS, LIVE STOCK, MARKET PRICES, 
 
 AND THE WEATHER. 
 
22 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 TABLE No. I. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and 
 produce of Pall Wheat and Spring Wheat in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simooe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Eeel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario .' . . 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Erontenac 
 
 Leeds and GrenviUe ... 
 
 DundaB . , 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals for 
 
 Lake Ekie Counties 
 
 Lake Huron Counties 
 
 Gbokgian Bat Counties 
 
 West Midland Counties . . . 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 Counties 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 The Province. 
 
 Eall Wheat. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 30679 
 
 60316 
 
 41061 
 
 32393 
 
 31019 
 
 19357 
 
 30266 
 
 61372 
 
 48288 
 
 20559 
 
 51324 
 
 66750 
 
 36280 
 
 32245 
 
 39125 
 
 23705 
 
 38588 
 
 . 10355 
 
 19602 
 
 30542 
 
 21158 
 
 25832 
 
 37553 
 
 9622 
 
 1837 
 
 7519 
 
 1701 
 
 1768 
 
 2132 
 
 4578 
 
 620 
 
 873 
 
 438 
 
 48 
 
 295 
 
 315 
 
 398 
 
 1888 
 
 7343 
 
 8632 
 
 21 
 
 6089 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 26 
 
 Bush. 
 
 214825 
 139926 
 71883 
 247048 
 155366 
 
 13353 
 
 22085 
 
 65 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 536882 
 
 1200288 
 
 718567 
 
 699688 
 
 623481 
 
 409013 
 
 544788 
 
 1309269 
 
 9657B0 
 
 417347 
 
 1200981 
 
 1348350 
 
 801788 
 
 728737 
 
 897919 
 
 507287 
 
 8^5241 
 
 1967451 
 
 470448 
 
 737895 
 
 558571 
 
 596202 
 
 1005018 
 
 240540 
 
 42251 
 
 159403 
 
 32149 
 
 29702 
 
 37523 
 
 71417 
 
 10540 
 
 16296 
 
 6614 
 
 720 
 
 4425 
 
 5985 
 
 6666 
 
 24166 
 
 137681 
 
 191630 
 
 378 
 
 97424 
 
 224 
 
 405 
 
 520 
 
 33366 
 65617 
 51583 
 32630 
 33498 
 23841 
 37428 
 
 59606 
 
 33286 
 
 61952 
 
 88811 
 
 43853 
 
 •33047 
 
 48347 
 
 36811 
 
 42570 
 
 16619 
 
 24602 
 
 35219 
 
 26387 
 
 30342 
 
 48148 
 
 18426 
 
 5152 
 
 12117 
 
 3555 
 
 2547 
 
 2911 
 
 7956 
 
 2763 
 
 829 
 
 871 
 
 19 
 
 452 
 
 4768 
 
 3108 
 
 5310 
 
 14210 
 
 13069 
 
 43 
 
 9127 
 
 29 
 
 43 
 
 452 
 
 41879191 
 2819817 
 1618328 
 5368350 
 3842477 
 
 214054 
 
 427113 
 
 1149 
 
 864551 
 
 18479207 
 
 240535 
 177920 
 95238 
 310058 
 203948 
 
 31534 
 
 36449 
 
 524 
 
 1096206 
 
 Bush. 
 
 430421 
 656170 
 577730 
 293670 
 224437 
 183576 
 359309 
 590468 
 524533 
 319546 
 675277 
 923634 
 359595 
 350298 
 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 434370 
 
 468270 
 
 2025;L2 
 
 179595 
 
 454325 
 
 327199 
 
 449062 
 
 606665 
 
 245066 
 
 79341 
 
 190237 
 
 39816 
 
 44572 
 
 50651 
 
 134456 
 
 48905 
 
 16248 
 
 13936 
 
 380 
 
 6961 
 
 65798 
 
 58430 
 
 112572 
 
 198940 
 
 215639 
 
 430 
 
 173413 
 
 415 
 
 632 
 
 8407 
 
 2366004 
 1474310 
 994823 
 3086777 
 2571306 
 
 552909 
 
 588422 
 
 9454 
 
 11644005 
 
 1884. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 2954 
 
 2017 
 
 1175 
 
 3832 
 
 3012 
 
 7851 
 
 30038 
 
 17082 
 
 53372 
 
 35503 
 
 19603 
 
 19063 
 
 1778 
 
 25081 
 
 29830 
 
 9349 
 
 21234 
 
 4671 
 
 5047 
 
 5159 
 
 16157 
 
 32628 
 
 54763 
 
 51236 
 
 36286 
 
 8945 
 
 8297 
 
 9981 
 
 15355 
 
 4433 
 
 4259 
 
 7424 
 
 6958 
 
 4650 
 
 23076 
 
 24162 
 
 13879 
 
 37495 
 
 27951 
 
 956 
 
 24018 
 
 1688 
 
 1961 
 
 5608 
 
 Bush. 
 
 15583 
 
 54971 
 
 88875 
 
 125938 
 
 214892 
 
 122474 
 
 90420 
 
 9257 
 
 722410 
 
 44599 
 
 52187 
 
 38323 
 
 22325 
 
 68976 
 
 . 51505 
 
 155449 
 
 576729 
 
 265283 
 
 885975 
 
 674557 
 
 396960 
 
 440355 
 
 35560 
 
 529209 
 
 596600 
 
 140235 
 
 350361 
 
 84545 
 
 102959 
 
 103180 
 
 288402 
 
 705744 
 
 1106213 
 
 947866 
 
 562433 
 
 129702 
 
 142293 
 
 179658 
 
 268713 
 
 93979 
 
 70983 
 
 131627 
 
 121765 
 
 93000 
 
 456905 
 
 402700 
 
 233306 
 
 649913 
 
 467160 
 
 14101 
 
 396297 
 
 27008 
 
 33337 
 
 112160 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 277915 
 
 997461 
 
 1560532 
 
 2489280 
 
 4031044 
 
 2194929 
 
 1527471 
 
 172505 
 
 13251137 
 
 1472 
 
 1174 
 
 614 
 
 585 
 
 1992 
 
 988 
 
 3731 
 
 14053 
 
 13016 
 
 58646 
 
 32094 
 
 3923 
 
 7136 
 
 1090 
 
 13606 
 
 21044 
 
 4751 
 
 20402 
 
 1247 
 
 1604 
 
 2912 
 
 13465 
 
 25160 
 
 45582 
 
 43429 
 
 32505 
 
 6980 
 
 75,51 
 
 8681 
 
 14155 
 
 3943 
 
 3636 
 
 7132 
 
 8139 
 
 5409 
 
 22490 
 
 27081 
 
 14235 
 
 36126 
 
 23421 
 
 1294 
 
 18200 
 
 1899 
 
 2809 
 
 7008 
 
 6825 
 30800 
 90740 
 71952 
 
 172884 
 
 122452 
 79041 
 11716 
 
 586410 
 
 XT J'^t?^^-^-*-" ^''^f ^¥ ™ ^^^ return? of acreage of Eall Wheat last year, for the counties of Kent and 
 Norfolk, IS corrected in the above table. 
 
23 
 
 BARLEY AND OATS. 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Barley and Oats in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 Bablkt. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 1884. 
 
 • 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Biishels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 2501 
 
 5253 
 
 4807 
 
 6384 
 
 14857 
 
 5219 
 
 14244 
 
 26034 
 
 17872 
 
 22548 
 
 28689 
 
 13760 
 
 14617 
 
 13749 
 
 18447 
 
 34713 
 
 14083 
 
 11006 
 
 5480 
 
 11185 
 
 11118 
 
 30215 
 
 47952 
 
 31056 
 
 39737 
 
 42848 
 
 39955 
 
 42663 
 
 17334 
 
 10372 
 
 8221 
 
 2245 
 
 2179 
 
 2177 
 
 1325 
 
 7103 
 
 495 
 
 1970 
 
 24698 
 
 12018 
 
 219 
 
 38135 
 
 625 
 
 721 
 
 606 
 
 72529 
 
 157590 
 
 134019 
 
 188328 
 
 377813 
 
 145610 
 
 388576 
 
 723745 
 
 403907 
 
 577679 
 
 786365 
 
 394361 
 
 423893 
 
 418382 
 
 558022 
 
 1022297 
 
 402492 
 
 ; 87256 
 
 153714 
 
 342485 
 
 318197 
 
 791633 
 
 1377181 
 
 866462 
 
 1041009 
 
 950797 
 
 669246 
 
 756842 
 
 413589 
 
 265005 
 
 242520 
 
 57516 
 
 48308 
 
 55775 
 
 34781 
 
 212664 
 
 11454 
 
 59100 
 
 574228 
 
 289633 
 
 5840 
 
 813420 
 
 15468 
 
 18926 
 
 12120 
 
 2166 
 
 6635 
 
 4051 
 
 6606 
 
 15264 
 
 3885 
 
 15326 
 
 33519 
 
 19946 
 
 23771 
 
 29199 
 
 17811 
 
 19963 
 
 14350 
 
 23335 
 
 32209 
 
 16195 
 
 9077 
 
 4382 
 
 10062 
 
 12113 
 
 30069 
 
 50213 
 
 33961 
 
 38408 
 
 44213 
 
 43850 
 
 43652 
 
 22238 
 
 13614 
 
 9069 
 
 3048 
 
 2098 
 
 1975 
 
 1337 
 
 7011 
 
 1299 
 
 2412 
 
 24415 
 
 13771 
 
 309 
 
 485':2 
 
 388 
 
 842 
 
 577 
 
 50468 
 
 137345 
 
 87502 
 
 167132 
 
 276278 
 
 96.348 
 
 312650 
 
 915069 1 
 
 552504 
 
 615669 
 
 753334 
 
 384718 
 
 588909 
 
 344400 
 
 618378 
 
 827771 
 
 498806 
 
 197225 
 
 106044 
 
 299848 
 
 302825 
 
 694594 
 
 1235240 
 
 876194 
 
 960200 
 
 910788 
 
 912080 
 
 925422 
 
 498042 
 
 310399 
 
 256653 
 
 89002 
 
 54338 
 
 45425 
 
 33425 
 
 161253 
 
 36242 
 
 67054 
 
 59.5726 
 
 373194 
 
 8652 
 
 1193641 
 
 8652 
 
 21050 
 
 13848 
 
 28334 
 35984 
 32991 
 26372 
 21487 
 19281 
 41976 
 70212 
 49523 
 73325 
 56839 
 67188 
 47305 
 18x98 
 50457 
 57155 
 30973 
 24945 
 18694 
 29261 
 17110 
 26071 
 58123 
 43779 
 32252 
 27953 
 14365 
 18478 
 24375 
 59752 
 25288 
 22794 
 27555 
 22668 
 18103 
 55293 
 38527 
 29642 
 33969 
 26680 
 4224 
 42290 
 7499 
 4971 
 3359 
 
 1141010 
 
 1511328 
 
 1369126 
 
 804346 
 
 825745 
 
 740390 
 
 1754597 
 
 2652609 
 
 1405462 
 
 2222480 
 
 2029720 
 
 2789645 
 
 2019923 
 
 734835 
 
 2045526 
 
 1937554 
 
 1154053 
 
 720411 
 
 729066 
 
 1162832 
 
 670199 
 
 904924 
 
 2481852 
 
 1669731 
 
 1110436 
 
 847255 
 
 382827 
 
 548981 
 
 731250 
 
 2037543 
 
 943242 
 
 772261 
 
 873493 
 
 670973 
 
 660760 
 
 2143157 
 
 1284233 
 
 1081044 
 
 970494 
 
 824412 
 
 116160 
 
 1209071 
 
 217417 
 
 159072 
 
 134360 
 
 23216 
 29421 
 27026 
 24874 
 19954 
 17470 
 31497 
 72975 
 53145 
 74872 
 54017 
 62866 
 49101 
 16333 
 52356 
 59267 
 31355 
 23499 
 16432 
 25533 
 16826 
 24675 
 51396 
 42075 
 30764 
 25812 
 11&86 
 18676 
 23531 
 58226 
 27741 
 23541 
 27829 
 24537 
 17918 
 47431 
 338.51 
 31120 
 32369 
 24894 
 4373 
 37935 
 7287 
 4442 
 3665 
 
 863635. 
 1150361 
 
 Elgin 
 
 1062122 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 994960 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 696395 
 
 Welland 
 
 623679 
 
 Lambton 
 
 1152790 
 3006570 
 
 
 2051397 
 
 Grey , 
 
 2695392 
 
 
 2074253 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 2810110! 
 
 Oxford 
 
 2302837 
 
 
 669653 
 
 Perth 
 
 2193716 
 
 
 2240293 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 1378954 
 849704 
 
 
 607984 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 1072386 
 656214 
 
 Peel .. 
 
 1053623 
 
 York , 
 
 Ontario 
 
 T)nrha.TYi 
 
 2281982 
 1830263 
 1193643 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 965369 
 
 
 336807 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 560280 
 823585 
 
 
 1839942 
 
 
 887712 
 
 Stormont 
 
 838060 
 
 
 1001844 
 
 Prescott . . . 
 
 706666 
 
 
 627130 
 
 Carlton 
 
 1954157 
 
 
 1238947 
 
 Tip-T^aTk 
 
 1086088 
 
 
 1165284 
 
 Peterboroug'h 
 
 1030612 
 
 
 144309 
 
 
 1327725 
 
 
 236099 
 
 Parry Sound . 
 
 143477 
 
 
 146600 
 
 
 
 IJAKE Ekie Counties . ... 
 
 39021 
 
 58150 
 
 51237 
 
 120375 
 
 259546 
 
 96084 
 
 75070 
 
 1952 
 
 1075889 
 1516228 
 1364044 
 3506703 
 6510724 
 
 2157554 
 
 1683121 
 
 46514 
 
 38607 
 
 68791 
 
 52970 
 
 132940 
 
 267271 
 
 1 
 
 107753 
 
 87017 
 
 1807 
 
 815073 
 1780223 
 1369003 
 3460207 
 6297813 
 
 2477255 
 
 2171213 
 
 43550 
 
 164449 
 161711 
 130164 
 296221 
 267608 
 
 342475 
 
 107163 
 
 15829 
 
 6391945 
 5812668 
 4252200 
 11401947 
 9959122 
 
 11746937 
 
 3120137 
 
 510849 
 
 141961 
 157617 
 128889 
 294977 
 245499 
 
 334401 
 99571 
 15394 
 
 5391152 
 
 Laee Huron Counties 
 
 6210757 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties 
 
 West Midland Counties 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 4769645 
 
 12445267 
 
 9998271 
 
 11564411 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 3667930' 
 526176- 
 
 The Province 
 
 701435 
 
 17860777 
 
 757156 
 
 18414337 
 
 148562C 
 
 53195805 
 
 141830E 
 
 54573609. 
 
 
 ' 
 
z* 
 
 RYE AND PEAS. 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Rye and Peas in Ontario for the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario . 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Erontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville .... 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma , 
 
 Ryb. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 Totals for 
 
 Lake Ekik Counties 
 
 Lake Huhon Counties 
 
 Geoboian Bat Counties . . . 
 West MiDLAsn Counties . . 
 Lake Ontaeio Counties . . . 
 St. Laweenob and Ottawa 
 
 Counties 
 
 East Midland Counties... 
 Nobthebn Disteiots 
 
 ThePbovince 
 
 987 
 
 712 
 
 1066 
 
 7227 
 
 944 
 
 516 
 
 329 
 
 101 
 
 107 
 
 391 
 
 2054 
 
 294 
 
 1024 
 
 603 
 
 124 
 
 639 
 
 504 
 
 838 
 
 613 
 
 1157 
 
 238 
 
 865 
 
 1492 
 
 2640 
 
 2647 
 
 10250 
 
 10087 
 
 5582 
 
 4855 
 
 6867 
 
 1903 
 
 605 
 
 103 
 
 477 
 
 236 
 
 7511 
 
 6415 
 
 4980 
 
 884 
 
 2847 
 
 260 
 
 11014 
 
 461 
 
 624 
 
 68 
 
 11452 
 
 537 
 
 2445 
 
 4026 
 
 29989 
 
 39534 
 
 15005 
 
 1153 
 
 1041411 
 
 18653 
 
 16091 
 
 20147 
 
 112741 
 
 146.32 
 
 9030 
 
 • 6168 
 
 2060 
 
 2728 
 
 6158 
 
 34116 
 
 5124 
 
 20480 
 
 12964 
 
 2480 
 
 10969 
 
 9000 
 
 18436 
 
 12695 
 
 20433 
 
 3927 
 
 15743 
 
 27199 
 
 45434 
 
 43411 
 
 127100 
 
 130626 
 
 77646 
 
 72825 
 
 100808 
 
 48526 
 
 11580 
 
 1854 
 
 9063 
 
 4130 
 
 125734 
 
 112070 
 
 64740 
 
 15558 
 
 45552 
 
 5460 
 
 157831 
 
 9220 
 
 9360 
 
 1165 
 
 191294 
 10956 
 40274 
 79453 
 
 426568 
 
 628976 
 
 224401 
 
 19745 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 1621667 
 
 694 
 
 287 
 
 1541 
 
 7676 
 
 1585 
 
 530 
 
 341 
 
 810 
 
 963 
 
 1730 
 
 4086 
 
 831 
 
 1722 
 
 1095 
 
 576 
 
 1563 
 
 935 
 
 1360 
 
 1058 
 
 1601 
 
 995 
 
 3262 
 
 4464! 
 
 5935 
 
 10170 
 
 19450 
 
 14299 
 
 8984 
 
 7098 
 
 14549 
 
 2533 
 
 820 
 
 121 
 
 405 
 
 925 1 
 
 9796 
 
 10190] 
 
 8054 
 
 2370 
 
 5701 
 
 462 
 
 24558 
 
 814 
 
 968 
 
 202 
 
 12313 
 2114 
 5816 
 8084 
 
 61234 
 
 63475 
 
 33091 
 
 1984 
 
 188111 
 
 13186 
 
 4736 
 
 25272 
 
 101323 
 
 22190 
 
 8374 
 
 5695 
 
 11421 
 
 12519 
 
 25950 
 
 71914 
 
 11883 
 
 20664 
 
 14783 
 
 8064 
 
 24414 
 
 14306 
 
 22554 
 
 14283 
 
 24495 
 
 16915 
 
 61978 
 
 59371 
 
 96741 
 
 143397 
 
 270355 
 
 200186 
 
 141049 
 
 113568 
 
 258972 
 
 72444 
 
 21484 
 
 2856 
 
 7290 
 
 18500 
 
 151838 
 
 197686 
 
 173161 
 
 37209 
 
 91786 
 
 9240 
 
 368370 
 
 16117 
 
 20328 
 
 3373 
 
 Peas. 
 
 175081 
 
 29635 
 
 97864 
 
 116668 
 
 887721 
 
 1158848 
 
 506605 
 
 39818 
 
 3012240 
 
 1884. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 4283 
 
 5968 
 
 5679 
 
 11734 
 
 10066 
 
 3607 
 
 5088 
 
 26484 
 
 32475 
 
 43<i24 
 
 30680 
 
 11955 
 
 10241 
 
 8133 
 
 17931 
 
 33149 
 
 11889 
 
 10493 
 
 4170 
 
 8295 
 
 9950 
 
 12642 
 
 24831 
 
 21978 
 
 18382 
 
 19569 
 
 6967 
 
 8218 
 
 12908 
 
 7082 
 
 1761 
 
 3503 
 
 5927 
 
 9317 
 
 6510 
 
 14605 
 
 22893 
 
 11192 
 
 15185 
 
 14487 
 
 1518 
 
 18198i 
 
 28581 
 
 13521 
 
 26511 
 
 98509 
 133086 
 124370 
 263428 
 213801 
 
 76648 
 114988 
 G47268 
 730687 
 1033369 
 716071 
 305091 
 243326 
 202105 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 41337 
 
 64047 
 
 74504 
 
 103791 
 
 126784 
 
 103916 
 
 49388 
 
 6861 
 
 570628 
 
 843642 
 
 281769 
 
 263835 
 
 89905 
 
 174942 
 
 236909 
 
 288996 
 
 637660 
 
 544395 
 
 418558 
 
 403121 
 
 145262 
 
 . 167647 
 
 300627 
 
 154175 
 
 44025 
 
 78362 
 
 133358 
 
 213359 
 
 162750 
 
 369945 
 
 506622 
 
 236599 
 
 347888 
 
 320162 
 
 32637 
 
 342486 
 
 65019 
 
 33124 
 
 79530 
 
 909842 
 1492943 
 1749440 
 2573698 
 2939748 
 
 2367469 
 
 1043173 
 
 177673 
 
 13253986 
 
 3078 
 
 4740 
 
 7424 
 
 9057 
 
 9560 
 
 2612 
 
 5387 
 
 27379 
 
 34843 
 
 43527 
 
 26325 
 
 15534 
 
 9726 
 
 6569 
 
 20359 
 
 33815 
 
 11767 
 
 11059 
 
 3236 
 
 8124 
 
 8574 
 
 9982 
 
 21781 
 
 21984 
 
 20074 
 
 16899 
 
 3910 
 
 6687 
 
 9565 
 
 6519 
 
 2146 
 
 2656 
 
 6600 
 
 11369 
 
 4369 
 
 12306 
 
 20044 
 
 10795 
 
 14939 
 
 13569 
 
 1420 
 
 '14739 
 
 2525 
 
 1686 
 
 3512 
 
 36471 
 
 67609 
 
 69852 
 
 108829 
 
 114564 
 
 93056 
 
 44667 
 
 7723 
 
 542771 
 
 10673723 
 
25 
 
 CORN, BUCKWHEAT, BEANS AND HAY. 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 under Corn and Buckwheat in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884 ; also the area and 
 . produce of Beans and Hay and Clover in the same years. 
 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Buckwheat. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 Hay and 
 
 Clover. 
 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 1 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 ■ Tons. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Essex . 
 
 31292 
 
 27213 
 
 14532 
 
 12326 
 
 195] 
 
 6569 
 
 7397 
 
 2041 
 
 215 
 
 231 
 
 492 
 
 9875 
 
 8049 
 
 3608 
 
 515 
 
 794 
 
 1487 
 
 23 
 
 6010 
 
 4239 
 
 686 
 
 278 
 
 1048 
 
 1720 
 
 1749 
 
 3391 
 
 5412 
 
 1508 
 1186 
 
 4605 
 1221 
 1267 
 
 935 
 1292 
 
 527 
 1155 
 
 339 
 1090 
 
 399 
 
 341 
 
 102 
 5339 
 
 223 
 5?8 
 
 134 
 
 27121 
 
 26416 
 
 16178 
 
 16449 
 
 3273 
 
 8510 
 
 9001 
 
 2899 
 
 605 
 
 547 
 
 955| 
 
 13266 
 
 11594' 
 
 61871 
 
 1101 
 
 864 
 
 2250 
 
 177 
 
 '7689 
 
 6016 
 
 1357 
 
 498 
 
 1784 
 
 3072 
 
 2642 
 
 5172 
 
 10450 
 
 3016 
 1680 
 
 5272 
 1528 
 1268 
 
 922 
 1401 
 
 551 
 1126 
 
 658 
 1614 
 
 527 
 
 332 
 
 154 
 7648 
 
 292 
 90 
 85 
 
 584 
 
 878 
 
 1119 
 
 5307 
 
 789 
 
 1938 
 
 534 
 
 195 
 
 166 
 
 297 
 
 287 
 
 502 
 
 781 
 
 863 
 
 156 
 
 186 
 
 112 
 
 73 
 
 971 
 
 617 
 
 129 
 
 295 
 
 586 
 
 369 
 
 615 
 
 3706 
 
 7003 
 
 2549 
 1445 
 
 6391 
 
 1607 
 
 2102 
 
 847 
 
 1714 
 
 1534 
 
 4466 
 
 743 
 
 7965 
 
 636 
 
 661 
 
 264 
 
 3254 
 
 420 
 
 189 
 
 76 
 
 831 
 969 
 
 1455 
 
 ' 5462 
 
 933 
 
 1870 
 423 
 376 
 402 
 443 
 240 
 492 
 823 
 802 
 72 
 176 
 136 
 57 
 
 1209 
 997 
 226 
 377 
 316 
 439 
 762 
 
 3720 
 
 4820 
 
 2752 
 1674 
 
 6612 
 
 1388 
 
 2697 
 
 1665 
 
 2101 
 
 969 
 
 3436 
 
 1453 
 
 7321 
 
 296 
 
 657 
 
 246 
 
 4965 
 
 356 
 
 259 
 
 127 
 
 533 
 
 10240 
 
 1376 
 
 975 
 
 244 
 
 1304 
 
 399 
 
 160 
 
 86 
 
 69 
 
 153 
 
 456 
 
 357 
 
 1187 
 
 99 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 205 
 
 169 
 
 23 
 
 107 
 
 214 
 
 556 
 
 384 
 
 810 
 
 380 
 
 112 
 
 228 
 
 391 
 
 175 
 
 321 
 
 119 
 
 532 
 
 440 
 
 630 
 
 596 
 
 198 
 
 107 
 
 173 
 
 17 
 
 244 
 
 44 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 14924 
 240640 
 
 17255 
 
 19581 
 4270 
 
 21411 
 8778 
 3537 
 1835 
 1488 
 3060 
 
 10097 
 
 • 6543 
 
 28820 
 
 2250 
 
 180 
 
 625 
 
 60 
 
 6150 
 
 ' 4056 
 
 506 
 
 3210 
 
 5350 
 
 12844 
 8959 
 
 16378 
 8231 
 
 2557 
 4948 
 
 9423 
 
 3588 
 
 6420 
 
 2975 
 
 12023 
 
 13930 
 
 18005 
 
 13112 
 
 3287 
 
 2302 
 
 3460 
 
 340 
 
 3965 
 
 1100 
 
 360 
 
 120 
 
 351 
 
 10835 
 
 1190 
 
 1988 
 
 232 
 
 1350 
 
 387 
 
 114 
 
 166 
 
 127 
 
 138 
 
 512 
 
 517 
 
 1284 
 
 40 
 
 64 
 
 96 
 
 22 
 
 180 
 
 155 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 202 
 
 623 
 
 635 
 
 678 
 
 334 
 
 97 
 230 
 
 286 
 
 195 
 
 50 
 
 203 
 
 615 
 
 259 
 
 349 
 
 477 
 
 204 
 
 178 
 
 79 
 
 16 
 
 252 
 
 56 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 34411 
 51744 
 49255 
 41116 
 49968 
 45196 
 57751 
 89027 
 73461 
 108984 
 . 72893 
 85547 
 60570 
 31300 
 65780 
 79941 
 41781 
 30890 
 40044 
 43357 
 35826 
 37816 
 72259 
 50822 
 47444 
 55154 
 29967 
 
 41681 
 57399 
 
 105357 
 33424 
 30889 
 33197 
 28827 
 18153 
 53178 
 59220 
 60441 
 38080 
 37958 
 8794 
 66547 
 19392 
 9818 
 8710 
 
 51960 
 
 81237 
 
 77822 
 
 66813 
 
 80948 
 
 77737 
 
 84316 
 
 124637 
 
 85949 
 
 130780 
 
 109339 
 
 139441 
 
 90855 
 
 54149 
 
 103368 
 
 120710 
 
 79801 
 
 41392 
 
 60066 
 
 73707 
 
 57680 
 
 53699 
 
 113447 
 
 77249 
 
 62152 
 
 70597 
 
 34762 
 
 43765 
 67731 
 
 122214 
 43785 
 42936 
 45148 
 38916 
 20422 
 59559 
 54482 
 75551 
 38460 
 35300 
 9058 
 97824 
 18616 
 11290 
 15242 
 
 36739 
 63341 
 53129 
 49711 
 55836 
 46243 
 52388 
 
 101013 
 86576 
 
 114151 
 79970 
 95854 
 68663 
 39150 
 73966 
 88547 
 49766 
 34546 
 42608 
 50923 
 38065 
 43915 
 77902 
 59846 
 50953 
 67745 
 30913 
 
 43458 
 59856 
 
 103568 
 33912 
 28281 
 32811 
 29684 
 19629 
 56585 
 62217 
 53169 
 40042 
 39847 
 9687 
 64414 
 20759 
 10566 
 10136 
 
 61722 
 
 Kent 
 
 85346 
 
 Elgin ..^. .... 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 84475 
 77549 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 "Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 78170 
 
 73989 
 
 90107 
 
 161621 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 134193 
 180359 
 
 
 140747 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 173496 
 122907 
 
 Brant 
 
 73602 
 
 Perth 
 
 139056 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 177980 
 96048 
 67203 
 51130 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 98281 
 68898 
 
 Peel 
 
 92661 
 
 York 
 
 136329 
 
 
 104731 
 
 
 96811 
 
 Northumberland. 
 Prince Edward . . 
 Lennox and Ad- 
 
 dington 
 
 Frontenao 
 
 Leeds and Gren- 
 
 yille 
 
 Dundas . ... 
 
 88350 
 51625 
 
 74748 
 110732 
 
 192636 
 66807 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry , 
 
 Prescott . . . 
 
 57410 
 73825 
 59168 
 
 Russell 
 
 37295 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 94497 
 112613 
 105275 
 
 
 68472 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 70928 
 12884 
 107571 
 34045 
 14039 
 15204 
 
 Totals for. 
 
 Lake Ebie Cos 
 Lake Hubon m 
 Georgian Bat m 
 ■WestMidlandi, 
 Lake Ontario h 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 and Ottawa h 
 East Midland n 
 Nobthebn Dists. 
 
 93883 
 
 9653 
 
 723 
 
 24351 
 
 24533 
 
 15125 
 
 6181 
 
 385 
 
 97947 
 
 1502 
 35439 
 38680 
 
 19036 
 
 8661 
 
 467 
 
 10615 
 
 895 
 
 584 
 
 2673 
 
 14291 
 
 31363 
 
 4815 
 685 
 
 11520 
 
 1201 
 
 683 
 
 2558 
 
 12866 
 
 32068 
 
 6164 
 
 742 
 
 14672 
 
 645 
 
 222 
 
 2139 
 
 2848 
 
 3742 
 
 541 
 
 68 
 
 318081 
 14150 
 
 ' 4548 
 48575 
 65684 
 
 90268 
 
 10067 
 
 1580 
 
 15946 
 
 667 
 
 265 
 
 2535 
 
 2928 
 
 2965 
 
 525 
 
 76 
 
 271690 
 220239 
 181877 
 395809 
 412689 
 
 521766 
 
 151379 
 
 37920 
 
 436517 
 294902 
 240119 
 629716 
 603369 
 
 614609 
 
 180642 
 
 45148 
 
 1 
 
 294999 
 239977 
 194121 
 450492 
 452870 
 
 623069 
 
 15399C 
 
 41451 
 
 461251 
 385921 
 321106 
 850292 
 ■ 788816 
 
 985006 
 
 259855 
 
 63288 
 
 The Province. 
 
 174834 
 
 214237 
 
 65921 
 
 67802 
 
 24877 
 
 552953 
 
 25907 
 
 2193369 
 
 3044912 
 
 235096S 
 
 4115535 
 
26 
 
 ROOTS, PASTURE-LAND AND BUTTER. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the 
 acreage of Root crops in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884 ; also the acreage in 
 Pasture in 1884, and the quantity of dairy Butter made in 1882 and 1883. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 Acres. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Wellaad 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferiu 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 Erontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville .... 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Presoott , I 
 
 Russell I 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals for 
 
 Lake Ebib Counties 
 Lake Huron Counties, 
 'Georgian Bat Go's . . . 
 West Midland Go's . 
 
 Lake Ontario Go's 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ot- 
 tawa Counties 
 
 East Midland Go's . . 
 Northern Districts . 
 
 The Province 
 
 3180 
 4217 
 3340 
 4750 
 1809 
 3089 
 3723 
 5186 
 4930 
 7040 
 7361 
 5945 
 3875 
 2584 
 3929 
 6800 
 2948 
 3448 
 2426 
 4411 
 1849 
 3202 
 7432 
 4354 
 3482 
 4575 
 2434 
 3342 
 4026 
 7618 
 2462 
 2341 
 2428 
 2350 
 1655 
 6798 
 3623 
 4077 
 2778 
 2696 
 748 
 6633 
 1434 
 798 
 676 
 
 Mangold 
 
 wurtzels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 20385 
 13839 
 14401 
 29529 
 34225 
 
 40720 
 
 12855 
 2908 
 
 168862 
 
 3004 
 3811 
 3052 
 3800 
 1648 
 2318 
 3054 
 5838 
 5166 
 76221 
 70B4 
 6259! 
 39461 
 2184 
 4595 
 6386 
 3236 
 3298 
 2154 
 4184 
 1765 
 3067 
 8505 
 4317 
 3364 
 4747 
 2645 
 3440 
 4167 
 8015 
 2557 
 1955 
 2570 
 2270 
 1649 
 5847 
 3932 
 3652 
 3108 
 2483 
 676 
 6538 
 1291 
 901 
 743 
 
 17633 
 14058 
 14686 
 29904 
 34748 
 
 40054 
 
 12805 
 
 2935 
 
 166823 
 
 200 
 
 365 
 
 303 
 
 192 
 
 164 
 
 83 
 
 419 
 
 1532 
 
 414 
 
 359 
 
 651 
 
 1280 
 
 1030 
 
 419 
 
 1448 
 
 886 
 
 446 
 
 173 
 
 389 
 
 442 
 
 400 
 
 379 
 
 1736 
 
 778 
 
 409 
 
 455 
 
 130 
 
 102 
 
 179 
 
 261 
 
 90 
 
 45 
 
 34 
 
 82 
 
 60 
 
 479 
 
 111 
 
 206 
 
 496 
 
 345 
 
 3 
 
 307 
 
 31 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 1307 
 2365 
 1010 
 5682 
 5118 
 
 1649 
 
 1151 
 
 59 
 
 18341 
 
 Carrots. 
 Acres. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 164 
 
 126 
 
 275 
 
 157 
 
 76 
 
 145 
 
 321 
 
 1428 
 
 551 
 
 476 
 
 909 
 
 1112 
 
 1013 
 
 290 
 
 1253 
 
 743 
 
 496 
 
 137 
 
 157 
 
 500 
 
 424 
 
 409 
 
 1507 
 
 814 
 
 479 
 
 440 
 
 125 
 
 214 
 
 97 
 
 222 
 
 105 
 
 24 
 
 65 
 
 23 
 
 64 
 
 561 
 
 141 
 
 174 
 
 460 
 
 263 
 
 5 
 
 177 
 
 42 
 
 36 
 
 19 
 
 943 
 2300 
 1385 
 
 1690 
 
 905 
 
 97 
 
 101 
 
 144 
 
 159 
 
 136 
 
 78 
 
 90 
 
 181 
 
 708 
 
 324 
 
 590 
 
 683 
 
 548 
 
 347 
 
 319 
 
 442 
 
 331 
 
 279 
 
 238 
 
 141 
 
 225 
 
 126 
 
 296 
 
 780 
 
 673 
 
 442 
 
 270 
 
 57 
 
 55 
 
 76 
 
 164 
 
 36 
 
 93 
 
 54 
 
 57 
 
 1251 
 
 527 
 
 127 
 
 149 
 
 251 
 
 319 
 
 17 
 
 98 
 
 77 
 
 19 
 
 28 
 
 708 
 1213 
 1273 
 5044 1 2504 
 48551 3010 
 
 1463 
 685 
 124 
 
 17219 10980 11270 
 
 54 
 
 102 
 
 116 
 
 126 
 
 65 
 
 62 
 
 158 
 
 586 
 
 411 
 
 768 
 
 765 
 
 505 
 
 413 
 
 211 
 
 406 
 
 380 
 
 377 
 
 206 
 
 95 
 
 249 
 
 115 
 
 343 
 
 898 
 
 610 
 
 584 
 
 275 
 
 50 
 
 41 
 
 130 
 
 168 
 
 43 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 100 
 
 5.^4 
 
 142 
 
 147 
 
 265 
 
 371 
 
 23 
 
 109 
 
 86 
 
 58 
 
 34 
 
 Turnips. 
 Acres. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 525 
 1155 
 1533 
 2498 
 3219 
 
 1394 
 768 
 178 
 
 231 
 
 672 
 
 516 
 
 661 
 
 107 
 
 190 
 
 398 
 
 7729 
 
 6307 
 
 9249 
 
 3397 
 
 1436 
 
 4952 
 
 2456 
 
 5623 
 
 13548 
 
 5469 
 
 2340 
 
 330 
 
 1862 
 
 1740 
 
 1321 
 
 2609 
 
 11886 
 
 5131 
 
 2983 
 
 135 
 
 338 
 
 192 
 
 212i 
 
 126 
 
 259 
 
 22 
 
 126 
 
 407 
 
 1214 
 
 848 
 
 459 
 
 2318 
 
 825 
 
 309 
 
 526 
 
 1086 
 
 1041 
 
 522 
 
 2377 
 14434 
 12646 
 35824 
 27997 
 
 4203 
 3978 
 2649 
 
 104108 
 
 Pas- 
 ture. 
 Acres. 
 
 1884. 
 
 207 
 
 304 
 
 323 
 
 596 
 
 65 
 
 113 
 
 283 
 
 7421 
 
 5708 
 
 89621 
 
 3090 
 
 1749 
 
 5359 
 
 2070 
 
 5437 
 
 13899^ 
 
 5224 
 
 2715 
 
 157 
 
 1980 
 
 1475 
 
 1150 
 
 2851 
 
 10246 
 
 4641 
 
 2449 
 
 76 
 
 142 
 
 239 
 
 177 
 
 32 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 51 
 
 234 
 
 1309 
 
 536 
 
 418 
 
 3113 
 
 868 
 
 305 
 
 523 
 
 786 
 
 623 
 
 491 
 
 1608 
 134J.2 
 12052 
 36453 
 25025 
 
 3170 
 4809 
 1900 
 
 98429 
 
 46864 
 69097 
 77510 
 44788 
 40372 
 31065 
 90831 
 
 141278 
 95992 
 
 133244 
 79200 
 
 178001 
 
 104277 
 33736 
 86036 
 91679 
 36702 
 40402 
 28630 
 44379 
 38601 
 34667 
 71460 
 67936 
 53913 
 62609 
 35816 
 63711 
 61898 
 
 154231 
 41960 
 39276 
 48167 
 37627 
 22507 
 87307 
 62423 
 
 105237 
 
 47941 
 
 46477 
 
 6022 
 
 95636 
 
 8456 
 
 4332 
 
 3693 
 
 Butter Made. 
 Lbs. 
 
 1883. 
 
 309696 
 328101 
 212444 
 570833 
 438011 
 
 724344 
 
 195076 
 
 16481 
 
 2794986 
 
 611030 
 
 718311 
 
 551729 
 
 520248 
 
 798526 
 
 531552 
 
 796666 
 
 1529723 
 
 1198974 
 
 1949789 
 
 1356704 
 
 1254549 
 
 658857 
 
 575350 
 
 1014602 
 
 1198513 
 
 613040 
 
 492178 
 
 601258 
 
 753051 
 
 534657 
 
 701188 
 
 1321600 
 
 837308 
 
 650501 
 
 599068 
 
 365131 
 
 402189 
 
 606532 
 
 1228148 
 
 1064625 
 
 458730 
 
 229445 
 
 439500 
 
 324765 
 
 1119169 
 
 817420 
 
 905268 
 
 608372 
 
 549756 
 
 112159 
 
 736346 
 
 259116 
 
 129824 
 
 118802 
 
 3731396 
 .3526363 
 3306493 
 5807089 
 6363762 
 
 7595791 
 
 2006633 
 
 507742 
 
 32844269 34335538 
 
27 
 
 HOESES. 
 TABLE No. VI. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the 
 number of Working Horses, Breeding Mares and Unbroken Horses in Ontario in 
 the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 CODNTIES. 
 
 Working 
 
 HOKSSS. 
 
 Breeding Marks 
 
 Unbroken 
 Horses. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 7587 
 9501 
 7368 
 6608 
 5785 
 4850 
 7531 
 12908 
 9766 
 12623 
 11860 
 13674 
 9262 
 5157 
 9857 
 11109 
 6d39 
 4379 
 4920 
 6768 
 4933 
 6471 
 12161 
 8885 
 7841 
 8983 
 5681 
 5908 
 4786 
 9674 
 3769 
 3226 
 3970 
 3090 
 2230 
 7430 
 6030 
 5327 
 6730 
 5699 
 522 
 9905 
 1053 
 584 
 438 
 
 8174 
 
 10653 
 
 8523 
 
 7506 
 
 6004 
 
 5364 
 
 7675 
 
 15687 
 
 11850 
 
 14967 
 
 13989 
 
 15478 
 
 10998 
 
 5568 
 
 11400 
 
 12924 
 
 7836 
 
 5041 
 
 5504 
 
 7614 
 
 5303 
 
 7131 
 
 14374 
 
 10979 
 
 8762 
 
 10037 
 
 6476 
 
 6374 
 
 5713 
 
 11325 
 
 4738 
 
 3936 
 
 5222 
 
 4081 
 
 3040 
 
 8050 
 
 6317 
 
 6231 
 
 8470 
 
 6038 
 
 589 
 
 11208 
 
 1079 
 
 667 
 
 758 
 
 2658 
 2436 
 2234 
 1832 
 1831 
 1093 
 2348 
 5310 
 2971 
 3889 
 3998 
 4553 
 2925 
 1380 
 3118 
 3398 
 2079 
 1397 
 1336 
 1880 
 1350 
 1864 
 4562 
 3859 
 2464 
 2635 
 1437 
 1346 
 1336 
 2477 
 1228 
 1057 
 1733 
 1309 
 941 
 2156 
 1485 
 1449 
 1866 
 1246 
 125 
 2665 
 308 
 172 
 175 
 
 2541 
 2885 
 2141 
 1897 
 1486 
 1078 
 1864 
 4893 
 2940 
 3618 
 3711 
 4361 
 2796 
 1337 
 3153 
 3193 
 1811 
 1076 
 1202 
 1643 
 1155 
 1827 
 4044 
 3536 
 2018 
 1894 
 1399 
 1183 
 1186 
 2397 
 1086 
 906 
 1601 
 1416 
 1022 
 2006 
 1659 
 1401 
 2034 
 1245 
 117 
 2056 
 278 
 184 
 206 
 
 4140 
 4012 
 3664 
 3100 
 3226 
 2192 
 3847 
 7242 
 4491 
 5246 
 5700 
 6939 
 3964 
 2323 
 4445 
 4844 
 2824 
 1958 
 2253 
 2913 
 1869 
 2648 
 5711 
 5047 
 3611 
 3807 
 2106 
 1991 
 2033 
 4467 
 1979 
 1525 
 2179 
 1806 
 1233 
 3233 
 2206 
 2375 
 2588 
 2070 
 146 
 3850 
 364 
 225 
 178 
 
 3647 
 3791 
 3240 
 2707 
 2297 
 1990 
 2964 
 6261 
 4310 
 4707 
 4886 
 5810 
 3927 
 1933 
 3982 
 4731 
 2530 
 1729 
 1933 
 2441 
 1485 
 2298 
 5203 
 4275 
 3233 
 3138 
 2043 
 1962 
 1870 
 3991 
 1887 
 1550 
 1886 
 1631 
 1340 
 2819 
 1972 
 2171 
 2669 
 1887 
 145 
 3306 
 287 
 136 
 223 
 
 14385 
 
 15949 
 
 13266 
 
 11540 
 
 10841 
 
 8135 
 
 13726 
 
 25460 
 
 17228 
 
 21758 
 
 21658 
 
 25066 
 
 16151 
 
 8860 
 
 17420 
 
 19351 
 
 11742 
 
 7734 
 
 8609 
 
 11561 
 
 8152 
 
 10983 
 
 22424 
 
 17791 
 
 13916 
 
 15425 
 
 9224 
 
 9244 
 
 8155 
 
 16518 
 
 6976 
 
 6808 
 
 7882 
 
 6211 
 
 4404 
 
 12819 
 
 9721 
 
 9151 
 
 11184 
 
 9015 
 
 793 
 
 16420 
 
 1725 
 
 981 
 
 791 
 
 14362 
 
 Kent 
 
 17329 
 
 Elgin 
 
 13904 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 12110 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 9787 
 
 Welland 
 
 8432 
 
 liambton 
 
 12493 
 
 
 26831 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 19100 
 23292 
 
 -Sinicoe . ... 
 
 22685 
 
 
 25649 
 
 Oxford. . 
 
 , 17721 
 
 
 8838 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 18535 
 20848 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 12177 
 
 Dufferin ' 
 
 7846 
 
 
 8639 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 11698 
 
 
 7943 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 11256 
 23621 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 18789 
 
 14013 
 
 16069 
 
 9917 
 
 Frontennc 
 
 9519 
 
 8768 
 
 17713 
 
 Dundas 
 
 7711 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Presoott 
 
 llussell 
 
 6392 
 
 S709 
 
 t- 7128 
 
 5402 
 
 
 12875 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 9848 
 9803 
 
 Victoria 
 
 13173 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 9170 
 
 851 
 
 16569 
 
 1644 
 
 
 887 
 
 Algoma ... .... 
 
 1187 
 
 
 
 
 41699 
 30205 
 24483 
 60177 
 66633 
 
 55346 
 
 22856 
 
 2076 
 
 46224 
 35212 
 28956 
 69245 
 76179 
 
 65027 
 
 26305 
 
 2404 
 
 12084 
 10629 
 7887 
 18850 
 21387 
 
 16516 
 
 5902 
 
 655 
 
 12028 
 
 9697 
 
 7329 
 
 17727 
 
 18717 
 
 15762 
 
 5452 
 
 668 
 
 20333 
 15680 
 10946 
 27297 
 29965 
 
 25027 
 
 8654 
 
 767 
 
 17672 
 13516 
 9592 
 24642 
 26049 
 
 23079 
 
 8006 
 
 646 
 
 74116 
 
 56414 
 
 43316 
 
 106324 
 
 117985 
 
 96889 
 
 37412 
 
 3497 
 
 75924 
 
 Lake Huron Counties . . 
 
 58424 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties 
 
 West Midland Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa Coun- 
 ties 
 
 45877 
 111614 
 120945 
 
 103868 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 39763 
 3718 
 
 The Province ... .... 
 
 303474 
 
 349552 
 
 93910 
 
 87380 
 
 138569 
 
 123201 
 
 535963 
 
 560133 
 
 
 I 
 
 Note.— The returns for 1884 areof the date 26th June, and those for 1883 of 16th June.— There is reason 
 to believe that in many cases of last year's returns breeding mares were also included with workmg horses, 
 and so were counted twice. This year the schedule was made more specific, with a view to prevent a recur- 
 rence of that error ; hence, obviously, the smaller number of working horses in 1884 as compared with 1883. 
 
28 
 
 CATTLE. 
 
 TABLE No. VII. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the 
 number of Oxen, Milch Cows, Store Cattle and young and other Cattle in the 
 Province of Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron ^ 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Middlesex ! 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville .... 
 
 Dundae 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark . . . ■. 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 MuskoEa 
 
 Parry Sound. 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals for 
 
 Lake Erie Codntibs 
 
 Lake Huron Counties 
 
 Georgian Bat Counties . . . 
 West Midland Counties . . 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 .Counties 
 
 East Midland Counties. . . 
 Northejjn Districts 
 
 The Province . 
 
 Working 
 Oxen. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 185 
 187 
 384 
 642 
 128 
 204 
 30 
 545 
 1118 
 2773 
 658 
 148 
 146 
 50 
 344 
 481 
 205 
 371 
 228 
 244 
 267 
 
 135 
 128 
 136 
 200 
 
 45 
 531 
 648 
 162 
 
 11 
 121 
 
 35 
 
 28 
 
 119 
 
 245 
 
 98 
 
 194 
 
 404 
 
 430 
 
 1157 
 
 1075 
 
 837 
 
 716 
 
 1730 
 1693 
 3431 
 1745 
 1383 
 
 1998 
 2185 
 2628 
 
 16793 
 
 270 
 124 
 223 
 352 
 101 
 232 
 
 21 
 660 
 1114 
 2794 
 785 
 124 
 189 
 
 18 
 233 
 599 
 145 
 394 
 163 
 279 
 264 
 
 51 
 185 
 116 
 114 
 405 
 
 27 
 508 
 492 
 185 
 
 42 
 
 10 
 
 93 
 
 28 
 
 21 
 
 331 
 
 87 
 
 257 
 
 493 
 
 406 
 
 1704 
 
 922 
 
 837 
 
 673 
 
 1302 
 1795 
 3579 
 1702 
 1604 
 
 1797 
 2860 
 2432 
 
 17071 
 
 Milch 
 Cows. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 12232 
 17797 
 15624 
 14249 
 11346 
 
 7830 
 18045 
 29535 
 23896 
 31040 
 22778 
 32841 
 29188 
 
 9791 
 24052 
 24153 
 12973 
 
 9112 
 
 7518 
 12453 
 
 8854 
 10746 
 19205 
 16054 
 12571 
 18923 
 
 8911 
 12465 
 13501 
 40950 
 15131 
 12940 
 17481 
 10661 
 
 6826 
 19865 
 15779 
 17902 
 12374 
 12720 
 
 1980 
 30711 
 
 4035 
 
 1884 
 
 1597 
 
 79078 
 
 71476 
 
 63818 
 
 142110 
 
 115235 
 
 183501 
 
 57785 
 
 7516 
 
 710519 
 
 10726 
 
 17909 
 
 15563 
 
 13765 
 
 10353 
 
 7828 
 
 15459 
 
 29383 
 
 24283 
 
 29823 
 
 22017 
 
 30890 
 
 30847 
 
 9226 
 
 23571 
 
 22520 
 
 12325 
 
 8456 
 
 8014 
 
 12226 
 
 8065 
 
 9841 
 
 18949 
 
 15614 
 
 11997 
 
 17625 
 
 8503 
 
 11949 
 
 14135 
 
 38754 
 
 14752 
 
 13219 
 
 17379 
 
 9818 
 
 7165 
 
 18891 
 
 16432 
 
 16620 
 
 12491 
 
 11929 
 
 1815 
 
 32115 
 
 3393 
 
 1978 
 
 1824 
 
 76144 
 
 69125 
 
 51840 
 
 137835 
 
 110834 
 
 179114 
 
 58350 
 
 7195 
 
 690437 
 
 Store 
 
 Cattle 
 
 over 2 t'rs. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 6270 
 
 13515 
 
 12218 
 
 5249 
 
 5256 
 
 2818 
 
 15131 
 
 26984 
 
 17479 
 
 24449 
 
 15997 
 
 34625 
 
 14066 
 
 3933 
 
 17031 
 
 17078 
 
 6373 
 
 7083 
 
 3031 
 
 5097 
 
 7148 
 
 6659 
 
 8895 
 
 11443 
 
 6793 
 
 6130 
 
 1689 
 
 5368 
 
 5079 
 
 7703 
 
 2568 
 
 2740 
 
 3024 
 
 3000 
 
 2621 
 
 8251 
 
 8578 
 
 8135 
 
 8290 
 
 5769 
 
 1027 
 
 6828 
 
 2281 
 
 959 
 
 792 
 
 45326 
 59594 
 40446 
 100189 
 56885 
 
 57067 
 
 20914 
 
 4032 
 
 384453 
 
 5047 
 
 11402 
 
 10879 
 
 4191 
 
 4433 
 
 2801 
 
 12350 
 
 22327 
 
 15191 
 
 18883 
 
 12796 
 
 28456 
 
 11779 
 
 3402 
 
 14358 
 
 14628 
 
 6237 
 
 5759 
 
 2624 
 
 4124 
 
 5359 
 
 5374 
 
 7551 
 
 9095 
 
 6004 
 
 5746 
 
 1696 
 
 3792 
 
 4313 
 
 8896 
 
 2453 
 
 2024 
 
 2320 
 
 2284 
 
 2205 
 
 7114 
 
 7394 
 
 6759 
 
 6503 
 
 5367 
 
 716 
 
 5654 
 
 1590 
 
 855 
 
 741 
 
 38753 
 49868 
 31679 
 83619 
 47573 
 
 49554 
 
 17239 
 
 3186 
 
 321471 
 
 Young 
 
 and other 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 1884. 1883, 
 
 14939 
 23012 
 20197 
 14686 
 14391 
 8768 
 28030 
 47585 
 38377 
 47500 
 31269 
 46254 
 26988 
 11756 
 
 36388 
 
 17104 
 
 14366 
 
 8542 
 
 13568 
 
 10801 
 
 12946 
 
 19190 
 
 23286 
 
 17764 
 
 17385 
 
 6690 
 
 10892 
 
 11949 
 
 25865 
 
 8802 
 
 7041 
 
 10407 
 
 7123 
 
 6152 
 
 16898 
 
 17866 
 
 18654 
 
 16156 
 
 13842 
 
 2809 
 
 21356 
 
 6046 
 
 2786 
 
 2636 
 
 113992 
 
 78769 
 
 187841 
 
 130172 
 
 141649 
 54163 
 11437 
 
 813905 
 
 14088 
 
 -23698 
 
 21173 
 
 15244 
 
 12886 
 
 8570 
 
 24597 
 
 48086 
 
 37904 
 
 46062 
 
 80413 
 
 44521 
 
 26640 
 
 10916 
 
 34924 
 
 34040 
 
 16447 
 
 13377 
 
 8496 
 
 12565 
 
 10341 
 
 11194 
 
 18476 
 
 22322 
 
 15860 
 
 16095 
 
 6024 
 
 9470 
 
 11669 
 
 22932 
 
 8948 
 
 7866 
 
 9941 
 
 7161 
 
 6948 
 
 17391 
 
 20183 
 
 17867 
 
 16192 
 
 13270 
 
 2774 
 
 20422 
 
 5111 
 
 3078 
 
 2903 
 
 95659 
 
 110587 
 
 76475 
 
 121363 
 
 140376 
 52668 
 11092 
 
 789075 
 
 Totals. 
 
 1884. 
 
 33626 
 54611 
 48423 
 34725 
 31121 
 19610 
 61236 
 
 104649 
 80870 
 
 105762 
 70702 
 
 113868 
 70388 
 25529 
 76413 
 78100 
 36655 
 30932 
 19319 
 31362 
 27070 
 30351 
 47425 
 50911 
 37264 
 42638 
 17335 
 29256 
 31177 
 74680 
 26512 
 22842 
 30912 
 20819 
 15627 
 45133 
 42468 
 44789 
 37014 
 32735 
 6246 
 59062 
 13437 
 6436 
 6741 
 
 222016 
 246755 
 176464 
 431885 
 303676 
 
 384215 
 
 135047 
 
 25613 
 
 1926670 
 
 Note.— The returns for 1884 are of the date 25th June, and those for 1883 of 15th June. 
 
29 
 
 SHEEP. 
 
 TABLE No. VIII. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the 
 number of Coarse and Fine WooUed sheep in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 Coarse Woolled. 
 
 Fine Woolled. 
 
 Tow 
 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Over 1 year. 
 
 Under 1 year. 
 
 Over 1 year. 
 
 Under 1 year. 
 
 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 13643 
 18797 
 24818 
 16168 
 19536 
 11239 
 29744 
 53181 
 45987 
 72023 
 42578 
 41419 
 19866 
 13623 
 34054 
 48680 
 20637 
 18929 
 
 8130 
 14000 
 12164 
 16621 
 23870 
 24793 
 23684 
 21785 
 
 8343 
 13548 
 16504 
 37684 
 10089 
 
 8056 
 13553 
 10246 
 
 9405 
 29658 
 37722 
 34987 
 22727 
 18176 
 
 2325 
 23495 
 
 4825 
 
 1677 
 
 1619 
 
 13046 
 22619 
 26368 
 18040 
 19425 
 12011 
 27841 
 56431 
 47561 
 66810 
 42263 
 47189 
 25699 
 15674 
 37250 
 49285 
 22602 
 17111 
 10702 
 16854 
 12299 
 16503 
 28813 
 26752 
 22044 
 21315 
 
 9464 
 15713 
 20137 
 40466 
 13468 
 
 9670 
 15501 
 10173 
 
 8640 
 29872 
 34687 
 37461 
 21630 
 18909 
 
 2607 
 24274 
 
 4536 
 
 1220 
 
 2145 
 
 7351 
 
 10642 
 
 13725 
 
 9267 
 
 12658 
 
 6799 
 
 18183 
 
 34996 
 
 29210 
 
 45291 
 
 25793 
 
 23401 
 
 13157 
 
 8511 
 
 23410 
 
 30242 
 
 12252 
 
 12276 
 
 4978 
 
 8787 
 
 6576 
 
 9788 
 
 12871 
 
 14450 
 
 12579 
 
 14042 
 
 5400 
 
 8385 
 
 11528 
 
 21694 
 
 6345 
 
 3291 
 
 5915 
 
 5288 
 
 3861 
 
 18891 
 
 23235 
 
 22065 
 
 13138 
 
 8826 
 
 1182 
 
 10651 
 
 3054 
 
 965 
 
 1047 
 
 6841 
 
 12076 
 
 14047 
 
 9877 
 
 11358 
 
 6815 
 
 17175 
 
 34868 
 
 29071 
 
 39606 
 
 21930 
 
 26446 
 
 13961 
 
 9741 
 
 23890 
 
 28663 
 
 12828 
 
 9921 
 
 6186 
 
 9279 
 
 7020 
 
 9372 
 
 16177 
 
 14423 
 
 12068 
 
 10540 
 
 5171 
 
 8296 
 
 11071 
 
 22515 
 
 7410 
 
 4332 
 
 6724 
 
 5709 
 
 4324 
 
 15593 
 
 16957 
 
 19760 
 
 10301 
 
 9456 
 
 963 
 
 12682 
 
 2760 
 
 702 
 
 1190 
 
 1708 
 4675 
 5016 
 4414 
 3788 
 4679 
 4661 
 4986 
 5980 
 7290 
 7893 
 4671 
 4138 
 3000 
 3242 
 8448 
 4427 
 2123 
 3519 
 3407 
 2089 
 1575 
 6902 
 6411 
 2277 
 2380 
 2458 
 3523 
 3245 
 10501 
 2524 
 2855 
 3912 
 3462 
 1555 
 4418 
 4484 
 4070 
 2665 
 3106 
 980 
 5938 
 1593 
 516 
 837 
 
 1778 
 3755 
 2667 
 3796 
 2954 
 2940 
 2916 
 3896 
 5893 
 7848 
 5850 
 4526 
 2585 
 2562 
 4355 
 5973 
 3992 
 2198 
 2046 
 2432 
 1236 
 1106 
 3920 
 6197 
 1807 
 2634 
 3083 
 3588 
 3328 
 8395 
 2815 
 3066 
 3886 
 2575 
 2012 
 4943 
 . 5342 
 2534 
 3020 
 1460 
 730 
 6722 
 991 
 424 
 505 
 
 1372 
 3314 
 3194 
 3148 
 2563 
 3018 
 2874 
 4193 
 4999 
 6171 
 6445 
 2703 
 3172 
 2218 
 2893 
 7145 
 3285 
 1876 
 2677 
 2411 
 1966 
 1428 
 5795 
 4740 
 1619 
 1531 
 1437 
 2276 
 1774 
 5802 
 1733 
 1299 
 1737 
 2043 
 834 
 3051 
 2386 
 2038 
 1783 
 2270 
 1149 
 3691 
 1028 
 399 
 308 
 
 922 
 2425 
 1875 
 2684 
 2060 
 2003 
 1819 
 3005 
 4013 
 4868 
 3715 
 3402 
 2216 
 1470 
 2776 
 4446 
 2782 
 1296 
 1339 
 1870 
 915 
 956 
 3121 
 3594 
 1029 
 1728 
 2009 
 1980 
 1693 
 6122 
 1546 
 1438 
 1869 
 1589 
 863 
 2752 
 2494 
 1718 
 1645 
 740 
 530 
 3763 
 673 
 313 
 272 
 
 24074 
 37428 
 46753 
 32997 
 38545 
 26735 
 65462 
 97366 
 86176 
 , 130775 
 82709 
 72194 
 40333 
 27352 
 63599 
 94515 
 40601 
 35204 
 19304 
 28605 
 22795 
 29412 
 49438 
 50394 
 40159 
 39738 
 17638 
 27732 
 33051 
 75681 
 20691 
 15501 
 25117 
 21039 
 15655 
 56018 
 07827 
 63160 
 40313 
 32378 
 5636 
 43775 
 10500 
 3657 
 3811 
 
 22587 
 
 Kent 
 
 40875 
 
 Elgin 
 
 44957 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 34397 
 
 
 35797 
 
 Welland- 
 
 23769 
 
 Lambton 
 
 49751 
 
 
 98200 
 
 Bruce 
 
 86538 
 
 Grey 
 
 119132 
 
 Suncoe 
 
 73758 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 81563 
 44461 
 
 Brant 
 
 29447 
 
 Perth 
 
 68271 
 
 Wellington . . . .■ 
 
 88367 
 
 
 42204 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 30526 
 
 
 20273 
 
 Wentworth . 
 
 30435 
 
 Halton 
 
 21470 
 
 Peel 
 
 27937 
 
 York 
 
 52031 
 
 
 49966 
 
 Durham 
 
 36948 
 
 Northumberland •. . . . 
 
 36217 
 
 
 19727 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Prontenac -. . . . 
 
 29577 
 36229 
 
 
 76498 
 
 
 25239 
 
 
 18506 
 
 
 27970 
 
 
 20046 
 
 Russell 
 
 16839 
 
 
 53160 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 69480 
 
 
 61473 
 
 Victoria . . 
 
 36696 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 30565 
 
 
 4830 
 
 
 47441 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 8960 
 
 
 2659 
 
 
 4112 
 
 
 
 Lake Ebie Counties 
 
 104201 
 128912 
 114601 
 197208 
 153390 
 
 221452 
 
 66723 
 
 8121 
 
 111509 
 131833 
 109073 
 214810 
 164746 
 
 235788 
 
 67420 
 
 7901 
 
 60442 
 
 82389 
 
 71084 
 
 123249 
 
 89471 
 
 130498 
 
 33797 
 
 5066 
 
 61014 
 81114 
 61536 
 125450 
 90236 
 
 122691 
 
 33402 
 
 4652 
 
 24280 
 15627 
 15183 
 30049 
 31018 
 
 44549 
 
 12689 
 
 2946 
 
 17890 
 12705 
 13698 
 26191 
 23461 
 
 42484 
 
 11932 
 
 1920 
 
 16609 
 12066 
 12616 
 23292 
 23604 
 
 24973 
 8893 
 1735 
 
 11969 
 
 8837 
 
 8583 
 
 18388 
 
 16561 
 
 23064 
 6678 
 1258 
 
 205532 
 238994 
 213484 
 373798 
 297483 
 
 421472 
 
 122102 
 
 17868 
 
 202382 
 
 Lake Huron Counties 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties 
 
 West Midland Counties 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 Counties 
 
 234489 
 192890 
 384839 
 295004 
 
 424017 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Northern Districts . 
 
 119432 
 15731 
 
 
 
 
 994608 
 
 1043080 
 
 595996 
 
 680095 
 
 176341 
 
 150281 
 
 123788 
 
 95328 
 
 1890733 
 
 1868784 
 
 
 
 Note.— The returns for 1884 are of the date 25th June, and those for 1883 of 15th June. 
 
30 
 
 PIGS AND POULTRY. 
 
 TABLE No. IX. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number 
 of Pigs and Poultry in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Grey 
 
 Silucoe 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 DufFerin 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington, . 
 
 Frontenao 
 
 Leeds and GrenviUe 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haiiburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 Over 1 year. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 Totals for 
 
 Lake Erie Counties 
 
 Lake Huron Counties 
 
 Geokgian Bat Counties . . . 
 West Midland Cotntibs . . 
 Lake Ontario Counties . . . 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 Counties 
 
 East Midland Counties 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 The Provingb. 
 
 14094 
 
 11279 
 
 6886 
 
 4697 
 
 3933 
 
 2631 
 
 5199 
 
 10521 
 
 9466 
 
 13476 
 
 15423 
 
 10020 
 
 7157 
 
 3062 
 
 7430 
 
 7216 
 
 3711 
 
 4158 
 
 2555 
 
 2808 
 
 2480 
 
 5101 
 
 6683 
 
 6963 
 
 5858 
 
 5815 
 
 2158 
 
 2790 
 
 2887 
 
 9438 
 
 3885 
 
 2948 
 
 3352 
 
 3527 
 
 3368 
 
 7037 
 
 7548 
 
 5609 
 
 5892 
 
 6036 
 
 622 
 
 8509 
 
 1206 
 
 974 
 
 1303 
 
 TJnderl year. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 43520 
 25186 
 28899 
 42754 
 40421 
 
 52389 
 
 21059 
 
 3483 
 
 257711 
 
 11523 
 
 10784 
 
 7390 
 
 5057 
 
 3205 
 
 2231 
 
 4242 
 
 9409 
 
 7844 
 
 12035 
 
 11974 
 
 9343 
 
 5696 
 
 2414 
 
 7022 
 
 7697 
 
 3532 
 
 3809 
 
 2090 
 
 3145 
 
 2213 
 
 4106 
 
 6657 
 
 7194 
 
 5762 
 
 \6182 
 
 1994 
 
 2731 
 
 3245 
 
 9809 
 
 4316 
 
 3426 
 
 4321 
 
 4919 
 
 3043 
 
 7201 
 
 8408 
 
 5407 
 
 6863 
 
 5231 
 
 702 
 
 9798 
 
 889 
 
 880 
 
 1257 
 
 40190 
 21495 
 24009 
 39513 
 39343 
 
 56826 
 
 21594 
 
 3026 
 
 28975 
 
 29408 
 
 19953 
 
 19154 
 
 13803 
 
 8638 
 
 15052 
 
 26630 
 
 20653 
 
 31118 
 
 31694 
 
 29375 
 
 39964 
 
 12884 
 
 17771 
 
 28316 
 
 14970 
 
 12721 
 
 10295 
 
 15580 
 
 10231 
 
 15365 
 
 31319 
 
 19668 
 
 17258 
 
 15177 
 
 6214 
 
 7389 
 
 6509 
 
 13647 
 
 6447 
 
 4881 
 
 5793 
 
 5415 
 
 4647 
 
 15034 
 
 9406 
 
 8608 
 
 13152 
 
 11223 
 
 1094 
 
 14315 
 
 3030 
 
 2631 
 
 3150 
 
 245996 
 
 62812 
 136001 
 141097 
 
 87776 
 
 39784 
 
 8711 
 
 31805 
 33701 
 25362 
 19347 
 13448 
 9267 
 14306 
 24856 
 21168 
 28244 
 30579 
 33698 
 25624 
 11516 
 18487 
 24818 
 12700 
 10794 
 10998 
 16384 
 9102 
 14901 
 29199 
 19840 
 13061 
 14195 
 6725 
 6746 
 6623 
 15451 
 7644 
 5381 
 5815 
 5659 
 4488 
 13413 
 9040 
 9370 
 13652 
 9917 
 1250 
 16923 
 2526 
 2300 
 2620 
 
 Poultry. 
 
 Turkeys. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 Geese. 
 
 1884. 1883, 
 
 119931 132930 
 62335 60329 
 
 658447 
 
 58823 
 137537 
 133395 
 
 89629 
 
 40642 
 
 7446 
 
 8373 
 
 11538 
 
 8946 
 
 6475 
 
 10597 
 
 10986 
 
 9387 
 
 13169 
 
 7649 
 
 15218 
 
 17943 
 
 19400 
 
 10902 
 
 6006 
 
 7236 
 
 14964 
 
 4221 
 
 7661 
 
 6897 
 
 8238 
 
 6955 
 
 21492 
 
 17697 
 
 12463 
 
 16216 
 
 11790 
 
 2776 
 
 2697 
 
 9016 
 
 33015 
 
 4898 
 
 3831 
 
 2539 
 
 4137 
 
 5946 
 
 23616 
 
 13182 
 
 21962 
 
 10687 
 
 7729 
 
 309 
 
 3262 
 
 1903 
 
 1980 
 
 829 
 
 56915 
 30205 
 33161 
 70290 
 103524 
 
 124838 
 
 21887 
 
 4712 
 
 7608 
 11769 
 7368 
 5069 
 6213 
 5993 
 6860 
 10036 
 7286 
 12455 
 13353 
 17342 
 10315 
 4978 
 7524 
 11418 
 3024 
 6029 
 4972 
 7516 
 7226 
 13022 
 13829 
 9566 
 11746 
 9867 
 2279 
 2629 
 6273 
 27085 
 3758 
 2715 
 2352 
 4352 
 3372 
 17503 
 10552 
 15406 
 7626 
 5658 
 352 
 8219 
 990 
 1065 
 1066 
 
 66O731I446632 
 
 44020 
 24181 
 25808 
 60630 
 80023 
 
 95997 
 
 21856 
 
 3121 
 
 356635 
 
 16494 
 12998 
 8116 
 8436 
 8936 
 6000 
 12695 
 30171 
 20681 
 28532 
 30419 
 19802 
 9817 
 6754 
 23517 
 22880 
 5979 
 14328 
 4691 
 8590 
 9485 
 18875 
 18908 
 17014 
 17574 
 11246 
 4233 
 6484 
 8647 
 19323 
 5919 
 4546 
 6489 
 3478 
 3104 
 17724 
 11736 
 13009 
 13956 
 13051 
 796 
 12776 
 1603 
 836 
 1482 
 
 63647 
 
 58951 
 
 102077 
 
 110616 
 
 100459 
 
 40579 
 
 3921 
 
 540130 
 
 14198 
 16612 
 966! 
 796; 
 7043 
 5156 
 9791 
 23703 
 20470 
 26964 
 25808 
 20420 
 9763 
 4836 
 21637 
 20663 
 5635 
 10736 
 4098 
 7521 
 7721 
 13473 
 19178 
 14127 
 15629 
 11962 
 5966 
 5903 
 6404 
 17151 
 5669 
 4307 
 6568 
 3410 
 2491 
 15306 
 11001 
 10600 
 13210 
 10146 
 771 
 16171 
 1164 
 717 
 1363 
 
 Other fowls. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 60641 
 63964 
 51772 
 
 99675 
 
 87810 
 
 40297 
 
 3244 
 
 491093 
 
 138028 
 
 144326 
 
 120482 
 
 122862 
 
 95361 
 
 87023 
 
 127493 
 
 264505 
 
 185383 
 
 226159 
 
 207273 
 
 238074 
 
 148930 
 
 78494 
 
 209800 
 
 192036 
 
 110484 
 
 82673 
 
 70707 
 
 89062 
 
 72807 
 
 114056 
 
 177158 
 
 161563 
 
 115808 
 
 139905 
 
 88973 
 
 81667 
 
 76035 
 
 186061 
 
 102212 
 
 70529 
 
 78186 
 
 64458 
 
 43635 
 
 164564 
 
 114793 
 103302 
 97429 
 11642 
 138424 
 28738 
 16554 
 15513 
 
 708082 
 
 577381 
 
 433432 
 
 1060491 
 
 1020039 
 
 1040917 
 
 350797 
 
 60805 
 
 5251944 
 
 136489 
 
 156350 
 
 123670 
 
 120429 
 
 81612 
 
 77588 
 
 106891 
 
 255406 
 
 176257 
 
 212322 
 
 186071 
 
 232142 
 
 156024 
 
 72462 
 
 184209 
 
 182817 
 
 106292 
 
 68709 
 
 71379 
 
 93844 
 
 63381 
 
 97462 
 
 170274 
 
 139781 
 
 108454 
 
 124494 
 
 83305 
 
 76316 
 
 67624 
 
 178400 
 
 103826 
 
 79001 
 
 74374 
 
 56227 
 
 47006 
 
 130846 
 
 87085 
 
 91409 
 89345 
 11203 
 158387 
 21402 
 16061 
 16147 
 
 696138 
 538554 
 398393 
 1002655 
 952374 
 
 1009548 
 
 350344 
 
 52610 
 
 6000616 
 
 Note.— The returns for 1884 are of the date 25th June, and thoJe for 1883 oi 15th June. 
 
31 
 
 WOOL. 
 
 TABLE No. X. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the clip of 
 Coarse and Fine Wools in Ontario in the year 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 
 Coarse Wool. 
 
 Fine Wool. 
 
 Total Clip. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 
 
 •a 
 g 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 (5 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 13990 
 19012 
 25022 
 16310 
 19792 
 11447 
 30871 
 54013 
 47192 
 74360 
 43776 
 42046 
 21145 
 14024 
 34251 
 49911 
 22034 
 19161 
 8172 
 14290 
 12281 
 16392 
 24058 
 25536 
 23864 
 21758 
 8577 
 13619 
 16973 
 36624 
 10411 
 8067 
 13433 
 8318 
 7683 
 30585 
 38641 
 35125 
 23588 
 18417 
 2284 
 23207 
 5114 
 1693 
 1879 
 
 * 
 
 78458 
 
 , 104269 
 
 135730 
 
 88558 
 
 123841 
 
 61972 
 
 176381 
 
 307392 
 
 271209 
 
 405969 
 
 251748 
 
 241842 
 
 120168 
 
 81626 
 
 197512 
 
 294897 
 
 124172 
 
 110035 
 
 43326 
 
 84302 
 
 80157 
 
 112100 
 
 150257 
 
 168439 
 
 146769 
 
 127438 
 
 44921 
 
 73915 
 
 82476 
 
 175590 
 
 50675 
 
 40606 
 
 62029 
 
 39575 
 
 35828 
 
 155674 
 
 170112 
 
 171473 
 
 130305 
 
 97576 
 
 10934 
 
 117481 
 
 27410 
 
 10489 
 
 12007 
 
 12814 
 22527 
 25831 
 18045 
 19370 
 12362 
 28865 
 56846 
 48243 
 68423 
 42670 
 48547 
 26274 
 16208 
 37307 
 50479 
 22394 
 17567 
 10837 
 17263 
 12891 
 16941 
 28896 
 27920 
 22322 
 21273 
 
 9571 
 15985 
 21735 
 41016 
 13663 
 
 9998 
 15995 
 10058 
 
 9106 
 30880 
 35525 
 39153 
 22135 
 19117 
 
 2689 
 25629 
 
 4609 
 
 1270 
 
 2084 
 
 70741 
 
 131720 
 
 148137 
 
 98599 
 
 114419 
 
 64649 
 
 168056 
 
 325648 
 
 276866 
 
 371533 
 
 238927 
 
 286878 
 
 153095 
 
 94781 
 
 208261 
 
 C96237 
 
 123601 
 
 100791 
 
 55967 
 
 97522 
 
 80646 
 
 109541 
 
 182782 
 
 175916 
 
 127774 
 
 119651 
 
 48771 
 
 78029 
 
 103779 
 
 197713 
 
 68550 
 
 49807 
 
 7.3165 
 
 45619 
 
 42802 
 
 149890 
 
 ■59713 
 
 184092 
 
 124168 
 
 100988 
 
 12790 
 
 120851 
 
 26425 
 
 7911 
 
 11862 
 
 1816 
 4760 
 5245 
 4510 
 4454 
 4904 
 4757 
 5092 
 6164 
 7606 
 7928 
 4637 
 4230 
 3035 
 3342 
 8726 
 4444 
 2207 
 3704 
 3551 
 1999 
 1405 
 6221 
 6765 
 2533 
 2299 
 2547 
 3533 
 3296 
 10354 
 2626 
 2296 
 3694 
 3306 
 1370 
 4720 
 4547 
 4081 
 2390 
 3066 
 2102 
 6397 
 1678 
 607 
 826 
 
 9093 
 23265 
 35004 
 20448 
 21496 
 22226 
 24843 
 27420 
 34506 
 39866 
 40750 
 25633 
 22771 
 16537 
 17810 
 44310 
 20588 
 12120 
 17930 
 17575 
 11402 
 
 7966 
 32111 
 36858 
 14992 
 13174 
 12919 
 19070 
 17128 
 50968 
 11827 
 13161 
 17483 
 15288 
 
 6263 
 ,23821 
 21017 
 19107 
 15078 
 15104 
 
 7770 
 29392 
 
 8337 
 
 3361 
 
 3487 
 
 1691 
 3519 
 2670 
 3968 
 2889 
 3032 
 2928 
 3808 
 6006 
 7969 
 5786 
 4812 
 2590 
 2678 
 4283 
 6085 
 3737 
 2127 
 2074 
 2458 
 1301 
 1085 
 3987 
 5153 
 1678 
 2673 
 3116 
 3817 
 3419 
 9146 
 2777 
 3142 
 4134 
 2676 
 2158 
 4969 
 5507 
 2587 
 3248 
 1530 
 756 
 6927 
 958 
 446 
 473 
 
 8517 
 
 17739 
 
 14017 
 
 19400 
 
 14559 
 
 13736 
 
 15919 
 
 21211 
 
 33072 
 
 42240 
 
 30392 
 
 26681 
 
 13484 
 
 15648 
 
 24457 
 
 32277 
 
 17481 
 
 11491 
 
 9748 
 
 11805 
 
 7054 
 
 5949 
 
 20748 
 
 28067 
 
 8926 
 
 14514 
 
 15713 
 
 18799 
 
 15784 
 
 43273 
 
 14116 
 
 15138 
 
 19645 
 
 13100 
 
 9622 
 
 24637 
 
 25064 
 
 12226 
 
 18567 
 
 7486 
 
 3009 
 
 33391 
 
 4781 
 
 2409 
 
 2863 
 
 87551 
 
 127534 
 
 170734 
 
 109006 
 
 145337 
 
 84198 
 
 201224 
 
 334812 
 
 305715 
 
 445835 
 
 292498 
 
 267475 
 
 142939 
 
 98163 
 
 215322 
 
 339207 
 
 144760 
 
 122155 
 
 61256 
 
 101877 
 
 91559 
 
 120066 
 
 182368 
 
 205297 
 
 161761 
 
 140612 
 
 57840 
 
 92985 
 
 99604 
 
 226558 
 
 62502 
 
 53767 
 
 79512 
 
 54863 
 
 42091 
 
 179495 
 
 191129 
 
 190580 
 
 145383 
 
 112680 
 
 18704 
 
 146873 
 
 35747 
 
 13850 
 
 15494 
 
 79258 
 
 Kent . 
 
 149459 
 
 El^n 
 
 162154 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 117999 
 
 
 128978 
 
 Welland 
 
 78385 
 
 liombton 
 
 183975 
 
 
 346859 
 
 Bruce 
 
 309938 
 
 Grey 
 
 413773 
 
 f>TT"f^'lPi 
 
 269319 
 
 
 313559 
 
 Oxford 
 
 166679 
 
 
 110429 
 
 Perth 
 
 232718 
 
 
 328514 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin ... 
 
 141082 
 112282 
 
 
 65715 
 
 Wentworth . ... 
 
 109327 
 
 Halton 
 
 87700 
 
 Peel 
 
 115490 
 
 York 
 
 203530 
 
 Ontario 
 
 T>nrhfl.Tn 
 
 203983 
 136700 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward . 
 
 134165 
 64484 
 
 Lennox and Addington. 
 
 96828 
 119563 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 240986 
 82666 
 
 Rt*^rTpnxit. . . . , 
 
 64945 
 
 Glengarry ■ . . 
 
 92810 
 
 Prescott 
 
 58719 
 
 Ruasell 
 
 52424 
 
 
 174527 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 184777 
 
 Lanark 
 
 196318 
 
 
 142735 
 
 
 108474 
 
 Halihurton 
 
 15799 
 
 
 154242 
 
 
 31206 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 10320 
 
 
 14725 
 
 
 
 Totals for 
 
 Lake Huron Counties . . 
 
 Lake Erie Counties 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties 
 West Midland Counties 
 Lake Ontario Counties 
 St. Lawrence and 
 
 Ottawa Counties 
 
 Bast Midland Counties 
 Northern Districts . . . 
 
 105573 
 132076 
 118136 
 202572 
 154928 
 
 219479 
 
 67496 
 
 8686 
 
 592828 
 754982 
 657717 
 1170252 
 957709 
 
 1057953 
 
 356296 
 
 49906 
 
 110949 
 133954 
 111093 
 218776 
 167914 
 
 243114 
 
 69570 
 
 7963 
 
 628265 
 770570 
 610460 
 126.3644 
 998570 
 
 1153159 
 
 358797 
 
 46198 
 
 25689 
 16013 
 15534 
 30621 
 31024 
 
 43823 
 
 13955 
 
 3111 
 
 131532 
 
 8G769 
 
 80616 
 
 159769 
 
 164927 
 
 215133 
 67344 
 15185 
 
 17769 
 12742 
 13755 
 26312 
 23525 
 
 44332 
 
 12461 
 
 1877 
 
 87968 
 
 70202 
 
 72632 
 
 141519 
 
 122524 
 
 211404 
 62453 
 10053 
 
 ■ 724360 
 
 841751 
 
 738333 
 
 1330021 
 
 1122636 
 
 1273086 
 
 423640 
 
 65091 
 
 716233 
 
 840772 
 
 683092 
 
 1405163 
 
 1121094 
 
 1364563 
 
 421250 
 
 56251 
 
 The Province 
 
 1008946 
 
 5597643 
 
 1063333 
 
 5829663 
 
 179770 
 
 921275 
 
 152773 
 
 778755 
 
 6518918 
 
 1 
 
 660841^ 
 
32 
 
 RENT AND WAGES. 
 
 TABLE No. XI. — Showing by County Municipalities and for groups of Counties and 
 the Province the average Rent of Farm Land, per Acre, and the average Wages of 
 Farm Hands and Domestic Servants in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 Leased 
 Farms. 
 
 
 
 Wages 
 
 or Farm Hands and Domestios 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 Farm Hands. 
 
 Domestics. 
 
 CODNTIES. 
 
 Rent 
 per Acre. 
 
 Per Year 
 with Board 
 
 Per Year 
 without 
 Board. 
 
 Per Month 
 with Board. 
 
 Per Month 
 without 
 Board. 
 
 Per Week 
 with Board. 
 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 $c. 
 
 2 88 
 
 3 33 
 3 12 
 2 64 
 2 42 
 2 63 
 2 66 
 2 89 
 2 54 
 
 1 99 
 
 2 65 
 
 3 27 
 3 13 
 3 30 
 2 97 
 2 49 
 2 88 
 2 21 
 
 2 99 
 
 3 29 
 
 2 77 
 
 3 19 
 3 53 
 3 54 
 3 55 
 3 17 
 2 99 
 2 30 
 1 85 
 
 1 91 
 
 2 56 
 2 08 
 2 21 
 2 50 
 2 23 
 2 65 
 
 1 80 
 147 
 
 2 85 
 2 03 
 117 
 2 23 
 
 98 
 1 02 
 1 86 
 
 «c. 
 
 2 75 
 
 3 53 
 3 07 
 2 62 
 2 70 
 2 54 
 2 76 
 2 85 
 2 48 
 2 01 
 
 2 66 
 
 3 24 
 3 20 
 .3 37 
 2 91 
 2 42 
 2 92 
 2 23 
 
 2 89 
 
 3 50 
 
 2 84 
 
 3 16 
 3 74 
 3 43 
 3 51 
 
 2 81 
 
 3 08 
 2 40 
 1 83 
 
 1 96 
 
 2 72 
 2 17 
 2 12 
 2 20 
 2 53 
 2 79 
 1 58 
 
 1 40 
 
 2 63 
 2 05 
 
 1 28 
 
 2 22 
 1 88 
 1 57 
 1 97 
 
 $ 
 
 157 
 176 
 175 
 158 
 157 
 148 
 176 
 167 
 166 
 164 
 166 
 170 
 169 
 165 
 170 
 171 
 158 
 167 
 162 
 164 
 168 
 172 
 179 
 168 
 167 
 158 
 158 
 165 
 162 
 172 
 162 
 172 
 158 
 168 
 173 
 170 
 183 
 189 
 174 
 171 
 164 
 169 
 174 
 178 
 196 
 
 % 
 
 167 
 185 
 185 
 162 
 179 
 152 
 188 
 .174 
 172 
 166 
 171 
 182 
 177 
 168 
 174 
 171 
 159 
 164 
 164 
 166 
 179 
 174 
 175 
 181 
 173 
 168 
 161 
 157 
 161 
 167 
 169 
 171 
 169" 
 175 
 175 
 175^ 
 188 
 182 
 178 
 174 
 182 
 171 
 187 
 206 
 206 
 
 % 
 
 260 
 272 
 255 
 245 
 242 
 243 
 271 
 253 
 252 
 255 
 264 
 253 
 260 
 244 
 262 
 264 
 247 
 269 
 252 
 257 
 256 
 262 
 268 
 260 
 241 
 239 
 233 
 242 
 262 
 259 
 231 
 247 
 257 
 252 
 274 
 ■ 252 
 ■273 
 294 
 257 
 258 
 271 
 248 
 274 
 218 
 308 
 
 % 
 
 265 
 275 
 264 
 234 
 269 
 241 
 289 
 274 
 270 
 254 
 273 
 • 269 
 267 
 255 
 262 
 269 
 250 
 260 
 253 
 258 
 280 
 268 
 269 
 271 
 262 
 263 
 237 
 237 
 253 
 258 
 235 
 246 
 253 
 265 
 263 
 259 
 278 
 277 
 274 
 265 
 278 
 265 
 287 
 301 
 331 
 
 ■ % c. 
 
 18 03 
 
 19 57 
 
 20 62 
 18 07 
 
 18 25 
 17 71 
 
 19 86 
 19 53 
 19 94 
 
 19 24 
 
 20 10 
 
 20 73 
 19 17 
 
 17 57 
 19 63 
 19 43 
 19 65 
 19 64 
 
 18 98 
 
 18 66 
 
 19 71 
 19 56 
 19 56 
 18 61 
 18 69 
 
 17 78 
 
 18 09 
 18 67 
 
 18 61 
 
 21 15 
 
 19 17 
 
 19 27 
 
 20 53 
 20 34 
 
 22 43 
 19 57 
 
 19 51 
 
 20 40 
 
 18 98 
 
 19 74 
 19 80 
 17 93 
 
 19 72 
 
 20 68 
 
 23 75 
 
 Sc. 
 20 36 
 20 71 
 20 76 
 18 00 
 
 20 86 
 
 18 11 
 
 21 86 
 20 94 
 20 60 
 
 19 89 
 
 20 82 
 
 22 95 
 17 85 
 
 % c. 
 
 27 68 
 
 28 91 
 
 29 47 
 
 26 57 
 
 28 23 
 
 27 69 
 
 29 91 
 29 99 
 
 29 00 
 
 30 06 
 
 29 78 
 
 30 80 
 
 28 20 
 
 $ c. 
 30 61 
 30 08 
 29 93 
 24 96 
 
 29 49 
 
 28 24 
 
 32 69 
 
 30 52 
 
 29 81 
 
 29 57 
 
 30 72 
 
 31 95 
 29 09 
 
 27 84 
 31 97 
 
 29 48 
 
 28 55 
 
 29 05 
 
 28 28 
 
 30 21 
 
 30 15 
 
 29 39 
 
 30 86 
 29 63 
 
 29 63 
 
 30 20 
 27 37 
 29 17 
 
 31 61 
 
 29 74 
 27 74 
 
 30 00 
 
 31 86 
 
 30 18 
 
 31 05 
 
 30 30 
 
 31 05 
 31 52 
 31 11 
 31 90 
 31 60 
 30 17 
 
 33 59 
 33 46 
 36 01 
 
 $c. 
 1 65 
 1 53 
 1 54 
 1 41 
 1 43 
 1 46 
 1 55 
 1 48 
 147 
 1 45 
 1 50 
 1 55 
 1 55 
 1 51 
 1 54 
 1 55 
 1 45 
 1 47 
 1 37 
 1 49 
 1 59 
 1 73 
 1 63 
 1 51 
 1 53 
 1 48 
 1 45 
 J. 40 
 1 41 
 1 57 
 1 73 
 1 62 
 1 65 
 1 29 
 136 
 1 63 
 137 
 1 76 
 1 49 
 1 68 
 127 
 152 
 1 37 
 1 39 
 1 73 
 
 % c. 
 1 63 
 
 Kent 
 
 1 57 
 
 Elgin 
 
 1 53 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 1 35 
 
 
 1 69 
 
 Welland 
 
 1 42 
 
 
 1 61 
 
 
 1 49 
 
 Bruce 
 
 1 47 
 
 Grey 
 
 138 
 1 56 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 158 
 1 61 
 
 Brant 
 
 18 90 25 70 
 
 1 54 
 
 Perth 
 
 20 42 
 19 15 
 
 18 29 
 
 19 25 
 19 10 
 19 36 
 19 96 
 
 19 65 
 
 20 00 
 20 83 
 
 19 13 
 
 20 02 
 
 18 58 
 
 19 66 
 
 21 36 
 
 20 78 
 
 19 69 
 
 20 52 
 
 19 75 
 
 22 05 
 
 21 68 
 
 20 16 
 
 21 22 
 
 22 04 
 
 28 79 
 
 29 11 
 
 27 64 
 29 33 
 
 28 35 
 
 28 52 
 
 29 82 
 28 88 
 
 30 47 
 
 28 86 
 
 29 56 
 
 27 26 
 25 42 
 
 28 07 
 
 27 92 
 
 29 76 
 
 30 76 
 
 29 24 
 
 28 36 
 
 30 32 
 32 15 
 
 29 33 
 28 38 
 9I^ 04 
 
 1 55 
 
 
 1 55 
 
 Watei?loo 
 
 1 87 
 
 DuSeriu 
 
 1 47 
 
 
 1 38 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 1 56 
 
 Hall on 
 
 1 73 
 
 Peel 
 
 1 74 
 
 York 
 
 1 60 
 
 
 1 54 
 
 Durham 
 
 1 66 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Froutenao 
 
 Leeds and Grenville . . . 
 
 150 
 , 1 41 
 147. 
 145 
 148 
 1 63 
 
 
 1 53 
 
 
 1 55 
 
 
 1 38 
 
 
 1 41 
 
 
 1 63 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 1 41 
 
 
 1 65 
 
 Victoria 
 
 20 60] 9« 71 
 
 1 53 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 20 98 
 
 21 83 
 20 13 
 
 22 47 
 22 01 
 25 61 
 
 30 33 
 
 30 31 
 27 50 
 29 62 
 
 31 41 
 
 32 87 
 
 1 60 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 1 30 
 
 
 1 46 
 
 
 1 38 
 
 
 1 40 
 
 
 1 52 
 
 
 
 Averages for^ 
 
 Lake Hukon Counties. 
 Georgian Bat Count's 
 West Midland Co's. . . 
 
 Lake Ontaeio Co's 
 
 St. Lawkencb and Ot- 
 tawa Counties 
 
 East Midland Co's. . . 
 
 2 84 
 2 74 
 2 26 
 
 2 90 
 
 3 29 
 
 2 13 
 2 32 
 
 1 48 
 
 2 92 
 2 70 
 2 25 
 
 2 91 
 
 3 31 
 
 2 13 
 2 28 
 1 83 
 
 162 
 169 
 165 
 167 
 168 
 
 170 
 171 
 182 
 
 174 
 176 
 168 
 173 
 173 
 
 172 
 175 
 198 
 
 253 
 257 
 260 
 256 
 256 
 
 258 
 256 
 287 
 
 260 
 276 
 262 
 263 
 262 
 
 257 
 268 
 309 
 
 18 83 
 
 19 73 
 19 66 
 19 58 
 
 18 95 
 
 19 99 
 19 03 
 21 21 
 
 20 01 
 
 21 05 
 20 30 
 19 94 
 
 19 78 
 
 20 85 
 20 63 
 23 33 
 
 28 13 
 
 29 72 
 29 92 
 28 94 
 
 28 65 
 
 29 35 
 29 10 
 31 19 
 
 29 13 
 
 30 85 
 SO 08 
 30 10 
 
 29 67 
 
 30 38 
 30 97 
 34 54 
 
 1 50 
 1 49 
 1 47 
 152 
 1 52 
 
 1 53 
 1 53 
 1 49 
 
 152 
 151 
 1 45 
 153 
 1 56 
 
 150 
 150 
 1 44 
 
 The Provinob 
 
 2 75 
 
 2 75 
 
 167 
 
 173 
 
 2.57 
 
 264 
 
 19 44 20 37 
 
 29 11' 30 21 
 
 1 51 
 
 152 
 
33 
 
 MAEKET PEIOES. 
 
 Table No. XII. — Showing the average prices of Agricultural and Animal Products at the 
 leading markets of Ontario for each month, together with the Live Stock markets of 
 Toronto and Montreal ; also the half-yearly averages for each market, and for the 
 whole Province, in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 TOBONTO PeODUCE 
 
 Maeket. 
 
 Flour, Sup. Ex., per bbl 
 
 Ti Extra 
 
 Fall Wlieat . . . per bush 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas 
 
 Eye 
 
 Potatoes per bag 
 
 Apples'. per bbl 
 
 ' Hogs per owt 
 
 Butter per lb . 
 
 Eggs per doz 
 
 Wool (coarse) . . per lb . 
 
 11 (fine) II 
 
 ToEONTO StIebt 
 Market. 
 
 Fall Wheat . . per bu.sh 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats ■ 
 
 Rye 
 
 Potatoes per bag 
 
 Apples per bbl . 
 
 Hay per ton. 
 
 Hogs per owt 
 
 Butter (roll) . . per lb . 
 
 II (dairy) . n 
 
 Wool 
 
 Beef (hiud-qrs) per cwt 
 
 II (fore-qrs). n 
 
 Mutton I. 
 
 Lamb u 
 
 Veal ,1 
 
 London. 
 
 Fall Wheat . . . per bush 
 Spring Wheat. n 
 
 Barley n 
 
 Oata II 
 
 Peas II 
 
 GURLPH. 
 
 Fall Wheat . . . per bush 
 Spring Wheat. u 
 
 Barley n 
 
 Oats II 
 
 Peas M 
 
 Bbantford. 
 
 Fall Wheat. . . per bush 
 Spring Wheat. n 
 
 Barley ri 
 
 Oats II 
 
 Vr^i'- i; 
 
 January. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 5 02 
 4 76 
 
 1 04 
 
 1 04 
 
 65 
 
 32 
 
 r,9 
 
 $ c. 
 
 4 31 
 
 4 21 
 94 
 96 
 64 
 42 
 73 
 60 
 67 
 3 23 
 8 18 
 18 
 23 
 19 
 30 
 
 February. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ 0. 
 6 07 
 
 March. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 $ c. 
 5 08 
 
 04, 
 11 
 63 
 37 
 74 
 62 
 87 
 
 11 
 
 1 01 
 
 1 08 
 
 62 
 
 35 
 
 78 
 
 1 04 
 99 
 57 
 31 
 68 
 
 1 02 
 
 1 04 
 
 64 
 
 S3 
 
 78 
 
 1 00 
 
 4 64 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 09 
 
 62 
 
 36 
 
 73 
 
 61 
 
 69 
 
 3 78 
 
 8 44 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 27 
 
 1 01 
 
 1 10 
 
 53 
 
 37 
 
 80 
 
 1 08 
 
 1 01 
 
 56 
 
 34 
 
 72 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 05 
 
 54 
 
 34 
 
 73 
 
 $ c. 
 
 44 
 77 
 65 
 67 
 3 04 
 8 23 
 18 
 20 
 19 
 30 
 
 April. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 I c. 
 
 1 00 1 04 
 1 14 
 56 1 65 
 42 39 
 72 83 
 
 1 00 
 50 
 42 
 
 74 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 01 
 
 61 
 
 41 
 
 09 
 
 1 07 
 
 1 01 
 
 87 
 
 36 
 
 74 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 05 
 
 65 
 
 36 
 
 73 
 
 $ c. 
 
 4 52 
 
 4 42 
 
 1 01 
 
 1 08 
 
 64 
 
 46 
 
 78 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 3 46 
 
 8 59 
 
 21 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 27 
 
 1 00 
 
 May. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 5 13 
 4 64 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 11 
 
 55 
 
 39 
 
 80 
 
 1 09 
 
 1 01 
 
 65 
 
 37 
 
 74 
 
 1 04 
 
 1 05 
 
 59 
 
 39 
 
 $ c. 
 
 4 72 
 
 4 61 
 
 1 06 
 
 1 08 
 
 63 
 
 46 
 
 80 
 
 67 
 
 65 
 
 3 58 
 
 9 38 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 June. Isth'lf-year 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 5 07 
 4 69 
 1 12 
 1 13 
 
 1 06 
 
 "60 
 44 
 
 77 
 
 100 
 
 1 01 
 
 50 
 
 45 
 
 74 
 
 41 
 
 75 
 65 
 72 
 4 00 
 8 21 
 14 
 15 
 17 
 25 
 
 $ c. 
 
 4 67 
 
 4 56 
 
 1 07 
 
 1 08 
 
 55 
 
 46 
 
 80 
 
 67 
 
 59 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 08 
 
 1 08 
 
 55 
 
 40 
 
 81 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 01 
 
 57 
 
 38 
 
 73 
 
 9 13 
 
 15 
 16 
 19 
 29 
 
 70 
 
 2 50 
 
 13 66 
 
 9 02 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 07 
 
 48 
 
 43 
 
 70 
 
 1 02 
 
 1 02 
 
 53 
 
 43 
 
 08 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ c. 
 
 6 Of 
 4 67 
 1 08 
 1 11 
 
 63 
 37 
 74 
 63 
 71 
 3 63 
 
 7 97 
 16 
 20 
 18 
 26 
 
 1 08 
 
 1 01 
 
 68 
 
 34 
 
 72 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 05 
 66 
 35 
 
 72 
 
 $ c. 
 
 4 56 
 
 4 45 
 
 1 02 
 
 1 06 
 
 63 
 
 44 
 
 77 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 3 24 
 
 8 31 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 29 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 05 
 64 
 46 
 75 
 61 
 75 
 
 2 68 
 14 38 
 
 8 66 
 
 23 
 
 21 
 
 19 
 
 8 10 
 
 6 00 
 
 8 68 
 
 10 20 
 
 8 73 
 
 02 
 90 
 57 
 43 
 73 
 
 98 
 iii) 
 50 
 i-l 
 72 
 
 98 
 1 00 
 58 
 41 
 03 
 
34 
 
 MAEKET -PRICES.— Concluded. 
 
 Markets. 
 
 St. Thomas. 
 
 Fall Wheat, . . per bush 
 Spring Wheat. „ 
 
 Barley ,, 
 
 Oata , 
 
 January. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 Lindsay. 
 
 FaU Wheat... per bush 
 Spring Wheat. „ 
 
 Barley ,, 
 
 Oata ,, 
 
 Peas ,, 
 
 Belleville. 
 
 Barley per bush 
 
 Peas I, 
 
 Kingston. 
 
 Barley per bush 
 
 $ c, 
 1 06 
 
 65 
 
 . 37 
 
 90 
 
 94 
 1 00 
 
 54 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 Jye per bush 
 
 Peas „ 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 Beans per bush 
 
 Corn..... , 
 
 Ridgetown. 
 
 72 
 
 55 
 
 1 30 
 
 68 
 
 Corn . 
 
 per bush I 1 21 
 . .. i 79 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 96 
 91 
 
 75 
 35 
 75 
 
 February. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ 0. 
 99 
 
 Average Pkioes eok 
 THE Pbovinoe. 
 
 Fall Wheat... per buah 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas 
 
 Rye 
 
 Corn 
 
 Beans 
 
 LIVE STOCK MAR- 
 KETS. 
 
 TOHONTO. 
 
 Cattle i)yr owt 
 
 Calves ,, 
 
 Sheep , 
 
 Lambs each 
 
 Hogs percwt 
 
 Montkbal. 
 
 Cattle percwt 
 
 Calves each 
 
 ^neep percwt 
 
 Lambs each 
 
 P2Ei:j.^_^ .^.^ . per cv.i. 
 
 1 03 
 1 05 
 57 
 33 
 74 
 61 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 1 64 
 44 
 
 1 60 
 
 92 
 
 94| 
 55] 
 37i 
 73 
 
 March. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ c. 
 
 92 
 94 
 60 
 37 
 71 
 60 
 45 
 1 27 1 63 
 
 4 34 
 9 50 
 
 4 50 
 
 5 25 
 G 08 
 
 4 55 
 
 4 50 
 
 5 43 
 ^ 56 
 S 01 
 
 4 36 
 10 50 
 
 4 75 
 
 5 12 
 
 6 25 
 
 4 33 
 4 42 
 6 03 
 3 98 
 6 BO 
 
 1 35 
 70 
 
 1 28 
 78 
 
 1 02 
 1 05 
 57 
 34 
 74 
 61 
 73 
 1 S2 
 
 75 
 
 1 74 
 
 1 67 
 50 
 
 99 
 99 
 61 
 40 
 73 
 60 
 48 
 72l 
 
 $ c. 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 00 
 
 65 
 
 40 
 
 •75 
 
 April. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ c. 
 
 1 43 
 
 77 
 
 
 4 "63 
 
 4 56 
 
 5 09 ^ 
 
 6 06 6 
 
 5 23 
 
 7 46 
 5 96 
 
 em 
 
 4 44 
 9 50 
 4' 56 
 5 
 29 
 
 4 41 
 
 6 50 
 
 5 85 
 4 08 
 
 7 29 
 
 1 03 
 1 06 
 58 
 36 
 77 
 60 
 77 
 1.40 
 
 4 19 
 
 73 
 
 1 71 
 50 
 
 1 55 
 55 
 
 1 00 
 1 02 
 60 
 42 
 73 
 61 
 52 
 1 65 
 
 05 
 
 95 
 97 
 53 
 35 
 75 
 
 1 38 
 
 1 50 
 
 75 
 
 iS c. 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 00 
 
 65 
 
 40 
 
 75 
 
 92 
 94 
 53 
 44 
 67 
 
 73 
 
 May. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ c. 
 
 99 
 
 4 97 
 
 5 38 
 
 6 16 
 
 5 27 
 .7 92 
 (5 79 
 4 85 
 
 6 na 
 
 6 56 
 
 5 00 
 7 38 
 
 6 13 
 
 6 00 
 
 7 00 
 
 5 13 
 
 5 5Q 
 
 6 00 
 
 5 
 54 
 54 
 4 41 
 6 88 
 
 1 55 
 
 49 
 
 55 
 
 99 
 1 01 
 60 
 44 
 75 
 63 
 51 
 1 48 
 
 4 82 
 9 50 
 
 5 60 
 
 6 00 
 6 66 
 
 6 
 
 6 17 
 
 7 60 
 4 00 
 
 8 00 
 
 1 30 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 03 
 
 60 
 
 44 
 
 68 
 
 June. 
 
 1884. 1883 
 
 $ 0. 
 1 02 
 
 Isth'lf-year 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 99 
 53 
 36 
 
 71 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 00 
 
 69 
 
 40 
 
 75 
 
 97 
 97 
 50 
 42 
 76 
 
 $ c, 
 1 01 
 
 1 05 
 1 07 
 61 
 39 
 80 
 61 
 
 1 30 
 
 5 00 
 
 1 30 
 50 
 
 1 40 
 55 
 
 5 25 
 
 5 63 
 
 6 00 
 
 6 65 
 6 35 
 6 10 
 3 66 
 
 5 48 
 8 50 
 
 6 71 
 5 06 
 
 7 68 
 
 5 76 
 
 6 35 
 6 80 
 4 00 
 8 13 
 
 1 60 
 
 74 
 
 5 00 
 9 00 
 5 17 
 
 5 33 
 
 6 17 
 
 5 70 
 
 6 13 
 6 60 
 3 25 
 6 22 
 
 1 38 
 52 
 
 1 33 
 50 
 
 5 84 
 11 79 
 5 79 
 4 07 
 7 00 
 
 6 06 
 
 9 00 
 3 50 
 
 8 00 
 
 94 
 98 
 53 
 33 
 73 
 
 1 38 
 70 
 
 1 35 
 
 77 
 
 1 04 
 1 06 
 58 
 37 
 76 
 61 
 73 
 1 37 
 
 I c. 
 
 1 00 
 
 99 
 
 ■67 
 
 39 
 
 75 
 
 93 
 94 
 53 
 41 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 63 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 75 
 
 4 58 
 9 25 
 4 
 
 5 31 
 
 6 10 
 
 5 25 
 
 6 89 
 6 10 
 4 00 
 6 62 
 
 1 60 
 
 '48 
 
 1 48 
 53 
 
 1 01 
 59 
 42 
 73 
 61 
 50 
 
 1 55 
 
 5 10 
 10 05 
 
 5 52 
 4 95 
 
 6 81 
 
 4 93 
 6 26 
 
 6 36 
 4 10 
 
 7 40 ' 
 
 - '-sS'l 
 
35 
 
 THE WEATHEE. 
 
 TABLE No. XIII. — Monthly temperatures for May, June and July, 1884, showing the 
 highest and lowest, and the mean temperatures of each month. 
 
 Month. 
 
 May 
 
 June . 
 
 July 
 
 Tempeeatube. 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 CS 
 
 78.3 
 33.0 
 60.9 
 44.9 
 52.7 
 86.1 
 50.0 
 78.0 
 58.8 
 67.8 
 86.7 
 45.0 
 73.3 
 56.2 
 65.2 
 
 80.8 
 28.0 
 63.1 
 42.5 
 55.1 
 88.8 
 41.3 
 78.5 
 52.3 
 67.8 
 85.8 
 42.8 
 76.6 
 54.8 
 66.1 
 
 ■d 
 
 .a 
 
 87.3 
 32.2 
 69.4 
 44.3 
 58.5 
 93.1 
 47.8 
 81.7 
 56.4 
 70.4 
 90.7 
 45.8 
 81.2 
 58.2 
 70.0 
 
 78.2 
 28.1 
 63.0 
 41.9 
 52.8 
 86.9 
 44.5 
 77.4 
 52.9 
 68.0 
 86.2 
 43.0 
 74.2 
 52.1 
 64.0 
 
 84.0 
 32.0 
 65.6 
 38.9 
 51.9 
 89.8 
 39.2 
 79.5 
 39.2 
 67.3 
 
 75.7 
 28.0 
 59.9 
 41.9 
 51.2 
 84.3 
 42.9 
 75.9 
 53.4 
 65.1 
 85.6 
 45.1 
 73.7 
 54.3 
 64.3 
 
 80.4 
 30.1 
 64.6 
 43.8 
 54.6 
 90.6 
 45.2 
 81.4 
 55.5 
 68.9 
 86.6 
 50.1 
 74.2 
 55.9 
 66.9 
 
 a 
 
 m 
 
 80.1 
 28.5 
 61.0 
 40.6 
 50.8 
 87.0 
 45.1. 
 77.8 
 54.1 
 66.6 
 87.6 
 44.3 
 72.8 
 54.0 
 65.0 
 
 ■3 
 
 78.5 
 30.0 
 63.0 
 42.5 
 53.5 
 90.0 
 37.2 
 81.3 
 53.2 
 66.7 
 89.5 
 45.7 
 74.8 
 56.1 
 
 I 
 
 86.3 
 31.0 
 64.0 
 42.0 
 52.5 
 92.0 
 43.0 
 81.8 
 
 55.7 
 66.2 
 91.6 
 33.9 
 75.2 
 50.4 
 65.3 
 
 TABLE No. XIV. — Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during May, June and 
 July, 1884, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon each month, 
 the hours of registered sunshine, and the totals of the three months. 
 
 Months. 
 
 3 > 
 
 5 o 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 02 
 
 g 
 
 s 
 
 EH 
 
 CD 
 
 o 
 m 
 
 -a 
 
 ■i 
 
 1 
 
 1=1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 May 
 
 461.1 
 465.7 
 470.9 
 
 196.0 
 256.6 
 247.1 
 
 170.7 
 265.8 
 
 248.4 
 
 140.2 
 289.8 
 248.1 
 
 209.3 
 320.4 
 246.9 
 
 147.3 
 283.6 
 257.5 
 
 194.2 
 299.4 
 247.1 
 
 182.1 
 270.8 
 226.2 
 
 173.8 
 239.5 
 191.1 
 
 178.3 
 299.7 
 184.6 
 
 185.9 
 
 June 
 
 272.3 
 166 6 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1397.7 
 
 699.7 
 
 684.9 
 
 678.1 
 
 776.6 
 
 688.4 
 
 740.7 
 
 679.1 
 
 604.4 
 
 662.6 
 
 624.8 
 
 
 
 Note. — Pembroke for July is slightly defective in consequence of a change of observers. 
 
 TABLE XV. — Monthly summary of the average fall of rain and snow, in the several 
 districts of Ontario for May, June and July. 
 
 
 W. and S. W. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 andN. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 B. and N. B. 
 
 Months. 
 
 R. 
 
 . s. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 3.11 
 2.19 
 3.55 
 
 S. 
 
 3.72 
 1.40 
 2.41 
 
 S. 
 
 U 
 
 2.53 
 2.12 
 3.61 
 
 S. 
 
 (( 
 
 2.40 
 1.16 
 
 4.21 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 8.85 
 
 ,s. 
 
 7.53 
 
 s. 
 
 8.26 
 
 S, 
 
 7.77 
 
 s. 
 
 
 
 
 
36 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XVI.— Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the months 
 of May, June and July, of the year 1884, at the several Stations reporting for that 
 period, and the number of days on which Rain or Snow fell. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Essex — 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Amherstburg, 
 
 vOottam 
 
 Maidstone 
 
 Lameton^ 
 
 Sarnia 
 
 Birnam. . . .'. 
 Watford.... 
 Thedf ord . . . 
 
 Petrolia 
 
 Oil. Springs . 
 Wiisonville . 
 
 Middlesex — 
 
 Grautou 
 
 Lucan 
 
 Ailsa Craig 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Strathroy 
 
 London 
 
 Wilton Grove. 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Florence 
 
 Elgin — 
 Port Stanley . 
 St. Thomas.. 
 
 Cowal 
 
 -Lyons 
 
 Aylmer 
 
 Huron — 
 
 Goderich 
 
 Goderich L. H . 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Carlow 
 
 Egmondville . . . 
 Sunshine 
 
 Peeth — ' 
 Stratford . 
 Listowel . . 
 Kirktou . . 
 
 Beuoe — 
 Wiarton .... 
 Saugeen . . . , 
 Teeswater . . 
 Lions Head . 
 
 A. Sinclair, M.A. 
 
 John Bell 
 
 W. E. Wagstaff. . 
 J. P. Kane 
 
 Obseevees. 
 
 W. Mowbray 
 
 J. S. MeDor 
 
 D. Koss 
 
 Martin Wattson . 
 P. MoG. Brown. . 
 
 George Yates 
 
 J. L. WUson.... 
 
 James Grant 
 
 Wm. Stanley 
 
 John Rennie 
 
 A. Francis, M.D. 
 T. S. Challoner.. 
 
 B. B. Reed 
 
 Henry Anderson . 
 
 Wm. TJglow 
 
 D. H.Bedford... 
 
 M. Payne 
 
 S. Williams 
 
 S. MaocoU 
 
 Wm. MoCredie.. 
 Wm. H. Draper . 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A. 
 G.N. Macdonald. . 
 
 G. Hess 
 
 John Varcoe 
 
 G. E. Cresswell 
 
 George Hood 
 
 Wm. McBride, M.A. 
 
 Alex. McKay 
 
 Henry Doupe 
 
 Wm. Woodman. 
 
 K. Stewart 
 
 R. Clark 
 
 M. J. Morris . . . 
 
 Mat. 
 
 Rain. Snow. 
 
 1.86 
 3.62 
 3.28 
 2.52 
 
 2.18 
 2.19 
 1.70 
 2.67 
 2.51 
 2.62 
 2.45 
 
 2.87 
 2.54 
 2.08 
 1.90 
 2.09 
 3.06 
 3.69 
 3.21 
 2.96 
 
 2. 
 
 3.10 
 
 2,37 
 
 2.73 
 
 4.14 
 
 4.94 
 4.00 
 3.75 
 5.22 
 3.75 
 3.67 
 
 5.11 
 5.69 
 3.11 
 
 4.17 
 3.14 
 4.47 
 3!. 34 
 
 15 
 
 79 
 
 40 
 
 1.89 
 
 2.21 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 Rain. Snow. 
 
 2.15 
 1.17 
 2.69 
 1.87 
 1.39 
 1.97 
 2.99 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2.78 
 
 1.27 
 
 2.65 
 
 1.96 
 
 1.50 
 
 10 
 
 0.95 
 2.91 
 2.15 
 2.14 
 2.78 
 
 0.80 
 0.81 
 2.89 
 0.90 
 1.51 
 1.82 
 
 2.65 
 1.73 
 2.25 
 
 0.53 
 1.25 
 0.35 
 1.05 
 
 P 
 
 Rain. 
 
 3.53 
 5.94 
 5.75 
 5.42 
 
 2.16 
 2.74 
 3.41 
 2.50 
 2.12 
 3.28 
 3.58 
 
 4.75 
 3.41 
 2.63 
 3.22 
 
 4.45 
 4.20 
 4.39 
 5.02 
 
 3.56 
 3.54 
 4.47 
 2. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 5.04 10 
 
 50 
 39 
 2.01 
 0.74 
 1.68 
 1 
 
 4.33 
 2.13 
 3.31 
 
 2.21 
 1.50 
 0.60 
 1 
 
37 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 T^BLE No. XVI. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the months 
 of May, June and July of the year 1884, at the several Stations reporting for that 
 period, and the number of days on which Rain or Snow fell. — Continued. 
 
 
 Obsbevers. 
 
 Mat. 
 
 Juke. 
 
 JULT. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Bain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 1 
 t 
 
 P 
 
 3.86 
 3.85 
 2.86 
 
 2.54 
 3.20 
 2.70 
 
 3.53 
 1.74 
 2.97 
 3.30 
 
 4.96 
 4.05 
 4.37 
 3.80 
 5.15 
 
 2.23 
 3.19 
 3.25 
 2.61 
 
 5.27 
 
 2.47 
 3.50 
 3.06 
 
 2.99 
 
 3.43 
 
 2.98 
 3.55 
 2.59 
 2,84 
 1.64 
 
 2.37 
 2.06 
 2.94 
 2.56 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 "S 
 
 i 
 
 17 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 11 
 17 
 14 
 12 
 
 12 
 10 
 11 
 10 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 17 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 S 
 1.6 
 
 S 
 0.3 
 
 1.5 
 1.0 
 S 
 
 1 
 ■a 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 12; 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 .a 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 R 
 
 4.25 
 3.11 
 2.53 
 
 1.05 
 1.60 
 2.73 
 
 1.49 
 2.05 
 1.72 
 1.00 
 
 1.07 
 0.90 
 0.68 
 1.70 
 1.54 
 
 2.14 
 1.48 
 2.39 
 1.50 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 p 
 
 1 
 
 -a 
 
 ■s 
 
 d 
 
 t 
 
 P 
 
 4.18 
 3.02 
 6.11 
 
 1.26 
 3.60 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 p 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Oxford^ . 
 "Woodstock 
 
 Rev. N. Woolverton, B.A .... 
 Thos Wright' 
 
 
 Otterville 
 
 
 Princeton 
 
 
 
 Norfolk — 
 Simcoe 
 
 Rev. G. Grant, B.A 
 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 H. Morgan 
 
 
 Ranelagh 
 
 P. Winksell 
 
 
 WM,LrNGTON— 
 
 J!ef sua 
 
 
 
 
 4.47 
 1.93 
 2.23 
 2.35 
 
 2.91 
 2.38 
 9 Tfi 
 
 13 
 7 
 9 
 6 
 
 9 
 11 
 12 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 GTu^ph 
 
 A. 'Shuttleviforth 
 
 
 Ora,ngftvillp! 
 
 N. Gordon 
 
 
 Drayton 
 
 Wm. Fitzgerald 
 
 
 Gbet— 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 3 
 7 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 Presqu' Isle 
 
 Egremont 
 
 John McKenzie . . 
 
 
 G. J. MoCullotih 
 
 
 
 
 3.49 
 
 
 Bognor ... 
 
 r). IT, TTfimmg . 
 
 
 2.00 
 
 4.98 
 5.43 
 4.34 
 5.94 
 
 1 
 
 
 Kent— 
 
 Ohatha-TTi , , , 
 
 W. D. A. Ross 
 
 
 Blenheim 
 
 W. R. Fellows 
 
 
 
 S. J. Pardo 
 
 
 Ridgetown 
 
 T. Snane, P.L.S 
 
 Dr. Pafismore . . 
 
 
 Waterloo— 
 
 Conestoffa 
 
 
 
 Bbant— 
 Brantford 
 
 T. M. Mclntyre, M.A 
 
 Dr. B. E. Kitchen . 
 
 S 
 
 '6]5 
 0.5 
 1.0 
 
 2 
 
 '2 
 1 
 1 
 
 2.73 
 1.59 
 2.67 
 
 1.74 
 
 1.40 
 1.02 
 2.65 
 3.37 
 1.28 
 1.80 
 
 2.33 
 
 2.28 
 2.17 
 1.45 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 
 6 
 6 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Georffe 
 
 
 
 1.87 
 3.59 
 
 3.12 
 
 3.21 
 2.51 
 2.14 
 1.71 
 2.19 
 3.94 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 7 
 10 
 12 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Halton— 
 Georgetown . 
 
 J. Barber 
 
 
 Simcoe— 
 
 W. H. Banning 
 
 
 Penetanffuishene 
 
 Rev. J. MoBride 
 
 
 
 H. W. Stephens 
 
 H. W. Pitton 
 
 
 Orillia 
 
 
 
 H. B. Spotton, M.A 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wentworth— 
 
 G. Dickson, B. A 
 
 
 N. Glandford. 
 
 
 
 
 4.51 
 3.26 
 1.97 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stony Creek 
 
 O.P. VanWagner 
 
 
38 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XVI. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the months 
 of May, June and July of the year 1884, at the several Stations reporting for that 
 period, and the number of days on which Rain or Snow fell. — Continued. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Obsbuvebs. 
 
 Mtibkoka — 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gravenhurst . . . . 
 
 Bracebridge 
 
 Bala , . 
 
 HiUside 
 
 Hoodstown 
 
 Pabet Sobnd— 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Beggsboro 
 
 Pebl — 
 Credit 
 
 York— 
 
 Georgina 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Scarborough , . . . 
 
 Lincoln — „ 
 
 St. Catharines . . 
 
 Welland — 
 Welland 
 
 VlOTOKlA — 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Bobcaygeon 
 
 Ontaeio— 
 
 Cannington 
 
 Oshawa. 
 
 Ddbham— 
 Port Hope 
 
 Pbtbrboeough — 
 Peterborough . . . 
 
 Lakefield 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Burleigh 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Feontenao — 
 Kingston 
 
 John Hollingworth. 
 T. M. Robinson.... 
 Wm. Simmons . , . . , 
 
 E. B. Sutton 
 
 M. McAllister 
 
 C. J. TisdaU 
 
 Rev. R. Mosley. 
 A. McKenzie. . . 
 
 Dr. Dixie. 
 
 Capt. Sibbald, R.N. 
 
 Observatory 
 
 J. E. Armstrong 
 
 R. Martin 
 
 R. Cameron. 
 R. Grant 
 
 Thomas Beall . 
 John Stewart . 
 
 R. C. Brandon 
 
 Rev. J. Middleton. 
 
 John Eoott . 
 
 W. O'Connor, M.A.. 
 
 S. Sheldrake ; . . . 
 
 Thomas Telford 
 
 0. 0. Gorman, M.D, . 
 
 W. H. Hales 
 
 C. R. Stewart 
 
 Rev. W. Carmichael. 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 
 Mat. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 5.25 
 3.32 
 3.25 
 4.31 
 4.16 
 4 
 
 4.65 
 
 2.50 
 
 2.26 
 2.25 
 2.16 
 1.97 
 
 2.67 
 2 
 
 2.55 
 2.29 
 
 1.96 
 2.44 
 
 2.03 
 
 2.56 
 2.71 
 2.73 
 3.55 
 2.75 
 2.55 
 2.18 
 
 ,69 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 Snow. 
 
 0.2 
 
 S 
 
 S 
 2.0 
 
 JnNE. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 0.84 
 1.19 
 1.17 
 1.31 
 1.05 
 1.18 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.72 
 
 2.26 
 
 1.63 
 2.21 
 3.32 
 2.64 
 
 1.58 
 
 2.05 
 
 2.11 
 1.28 
 
 0.10 
 2.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 3.31 
 1.21 
 1.84 
 0.59 
 0.60 
 1.30 
 0.70 
 
 0.86 
 
 Snow. 
 
 July, 
 
 Rain. 
 
 2.21 
 3.77 
 2.82 
 2.57 
 2.14 
 2.40 
 
 2.61 
 2.63 
 
 2.87 
 2.12 
 3.43 
 2.79 
 
 4.20 
 
 5.25 
 
 3.31 
 4.37 
 
 3.55 
 3.60 
 
 4.20 
 
 4.26 
 3.18 
 2.80 
 6.80 
 3.50 
 S.36 
 5.32 
 
 4.24 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
39 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XVI. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the months 
 of May, June and July, of the year 1884, at the several Stations reporting for that 
 period, and the number of days on -which Rain or Snow fell. — Goncluded. 
 
 
 Obsbevbes. 
 
 Mat. 
 
 JtlNB. 
 
 July. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Rain., 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 QQ 
 
 •S 
 
 i 
 
 "8 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 9 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 13 
 14 
 13 
 13 
 
 10 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 12 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 '2!3 
 
 ' s' 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 'i 
 
 'i 
 
 .9 ' 
 
 1 
 
 0.64 
 0.72 
 0.14 
 0.81 
 0.87 
 0.86 
 
 i 
 
 "S 
 
 i 
 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ■s 
 
 i 
 
 ' i 
 
 P 
 
 4.80 
 2.94 
 3.84 
 3.95 
 4.90 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 d 
 
 13 
 
 t 
 CD 
 
 P 
 
 1 
 
 •s 
 
 d 
 
 Hastings— 
 Deseronto 
 
 
 3.78 
 2.65 
 2.65 
 2.95 
 2.83 
 2.62 
 1.08 
 
 2.04 
 2.93 
 3.04 
 2.04 
 1.84 
 
 1.57 
 1.96 
 
 2.20 
 
 1.81 
 1.96 
 2.25 
 
 2.20 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.88 
 
 2.32 
 
 
 Bancroft 
 
 J. Cleak.. 
 
 
 Belleville 
 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 L'ATTiaWe 
 
 
 
 Sterling 
 
 B. F. Butler 
 
 
 Trenton 
 
 W. J. Clarke.... 
 
 
 Shannon viUe 
 
 Rev. P. G. Porter 
 
 
 
 3.46 
 
 2.69 
 3.29 
 3.87 
 2.98 
 3.11 
 
 4:90 
 4.91 
 
 3.72 
 
 3.90 
 4.10 
 3.34 
 
 4.06 
 
 5.79 
 
 5.61 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 11 
 16 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 14 
 10 
 
 .... 
 
 
 Renfkew — 
 Clontarf 
 
 A. Sohultz.. 
 
 i-0 
 
 i 
 
 1.08 
 2.18 
 1.75 
 1.37 
 0.77 
 
 0.64 
 0.75 
 
 1.83 
 
 0.10 
 0.97 
 1.25 
 
 1.73 
 
 2.16 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.54 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 C 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 ■■ 
 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 A . ThnTnpsnTi 
 
 
 Rockliffe 
 
 W. H. Mclntyre 
 
 
 Northoote 
 
 F. Kosmark 
 
 
 
 W. E. Smallfield 
 
 
 Gkenville — 
 Merrickville 
 
 J. BurchiU, P.L.S 
 
 
 
 
 Ottawa— 
 
 A. MoGill, M.A 
 
 
 AjDDINGTON — 
 
 Glastonbury 
 
 TTaTO wRTTi i trh 
 
 B. H. Ruttan 
 
 
 vTohn Donnelly 
 
 
 Denbigh . . . . 
 
 James Lane 
 
 
 Stobmont— 
 Cornwall 
 
 
 Peebcott— 
 
 
 
 Lanaek- 
 Oliver's Ferry 
 
 NiPISSING— 
 
 A. E. Hume 
 
 
 Mrs. E. Lillie 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40 
 
 NOTES ON THE WEATHER. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Wiarton 
 
 Penetangiiishene . 
 
 Glenoairn 
 
 Orillia 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 N. Glandford. . . . 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Hoodstown . 
 
 Hillside 
 
 Scarboro' . . . 
 Glastonbury . 
 Boboaygeon . 
 Stirling 
 
 Bancroft 
 
 L'Amable . . . . 
 Olliver Perry. 
 
 Ennismore , 
 
 Bognor. . . . 
 
 Sarnia 
 
 Ranelagh . . 
 St. George. 
 
 Lyons .... 
 Fergus . . . 
 Thedford. 
 
 Princeton 
 Dealtown . 
 
 -Oil Springs. 
 
 Egmondville 
 Kirkton 
 
 Paris 
 
 Otterville 
 
 Blenheim 
 Carlow . . . 
 
 Putnam , 
 Durham . 
 
 Birnam . 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Goderioh . . 
 Clontarf . . . 
 Northcote . 
 
 L'Orignal . 
 
 Month or Mat. 
 
 Harrowsmith 
 Braoebridge . 
 N. Glanford. 
 
 Frosty nights at end of month. 
 
 19th, plum blossoms ; 26th, apple blossoms. 
 
 Frosty nights at end of month ; snow on 30th. 
 
 Frosty nights at end of month. 
 
 Evid of month very cold. 
 
 Sharp frosts at end of month ; not much harm done. 
 
 Cold ; two inches of snow on ground on 16th ; very severe frosts at end 
 
 of month. 
 End of month very cold. ' 
 
 7th, swallows appeared ; 18th, leaves beginning to appear; 21st, kingbirds 
 
 and cardinal birds ; 29th, fly catchers. 
 Although wet and cold, fine growing weather. 
 Sharp frosts at end of month ; little damage in this section. 
 Cold ; frosts at end of month. 
 
 Frost during month ; ice, J inch thick on 27th, 28th and 29th. 
 15th to 24th, grand weather ; 27th and 28th, heavy frosts and cold north- 
 east wind. 
 Destructive frosts at end of month. 
 27th to 29th, hard frosts at night. 
 
 1st, trees beginning to show leaves ; frost on 12th and 14th, and hard 
 frost on 27th and 29th ; 19th, plum trees in bloom ; 26th, apples 
 m bloom. 
 1st, swallows ; 28th and 30th, very hard frost ; everything that would kill 
 
 was injured. 
 Heavy frosts at end of mouth and some snow. 
 Heavy frosts at end of month. 
 
 Heavy frosts at end of mouth ; hurt the wheat and clover. 
 6th, potatoes up ; 10th, trees leafing ; 17th, cherry trees in bloom : 29th 
 potatoes and tomatoes frozen. ' 
 
 Heavy frosts at end of month. 
 
 Heavy frost and ice on 28th and 29th ; snow on 30th 
 2nd, swallows ; 3rd, yellow birds ; 13th, king birds and Baltimore birds; 
 
 28th, f of an mch of ice in the morning. 
 27th, ice J inch thick. 
 12th, trees beginning to leaf ; 15th, the wild plum in bloom ; 18th, peach ' 
 
 trees in bloom ; 25th, cherries in bloom. 
 10th, wild cherry in bloom ; 17th, trees in leaf ; some fall wheat ploughed 
 up from the effects of the winter; 28th, heavy ice, grape vines and 
 most fruits badly injured. 
 17th, wild plum in bloom ; 18th, maple half out in leaf 
 10th, seeding about ended ; 23rd, apples in bloom ; 24th, forest trees in 
 
 leaf ; 29th, frost nipped potatoes. 
 3rd, gardens dug ; 6th, most of seed grain in ground ; 21st, currants, apples 
 on^u ^<i, Pl"™* '?.'^i°°™i. ^^^' ^™s* dipped grape vines, peas, etc. 
 20th, Baltimore birds; 22nd, apple trees in bloom; 29th, frost kilJinK 
 
 almost every green thing. 
 29th, heavy frost, garden stuff killed. 
 11th, good pasture ; 26th, trees in full leaf; 29th, a good deal of harm 
 
 by frosts. 
 22nd, fine growing season ; 23rd, fruit trees in bloom. 
 5th, currant bushes in full leaf; 25th, apple trees in blossom; 28th, 
 
 severe frost, causing great damage. 
 18th, red cherries in bloom ; 20th, apples in bloom ; 29th, great damage 
 by frost to fruit and gram crops. > > o ~o 
 
 17th, forest green ; 18th, plum trees in blossom. 
 20th, trees in leaf. 
 
 8th, swallows seen ; 19th, plum trees iu blossom 
 1st, swallows, 9th, first buttercups; 19th, plum trees in blossom; 26th, 
 
 crabapples m blossom. 
 15th, leaves appearing ; 18th, plum trees blooming ; 21st, roots and grain 
 nearly all in. o ; , e 
 
 Month oi? June. 
 
 28th, crops look poor ; hay is very light, and farmers are cutting. 
 
 29th, crops poor ; suffenng for want of rain. 
 
 29th, haying commenced ; season good for farmers ; everything looks 
 
41 
 
 NOTES ON THE 'WEATWER.—Gonchided. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Month of June. 
 
 
 Heavy wheat injured by rain of 9th to I2th. 
 
 1st, apples in bloom'; 4th, white clover in blossom. 
 
 29th, commenced haying ; grass drying up fast. 
 
 Partial blight of apples from high north-east winds. 
 
 29th, haying ; crops looking good. 
 
 22nd, hail and wind storm, doing great damage. 
 
 29th, haying begun. 
 
 27th, cutting clover. 
 
 Early part of June very dry, and grain withering ; rain cannot do some 
 
 fields much good. 
 15th, fall wheat heading out ; 29th, haying begun. 
 26th, barley heading, new potatoes dug. 
 Crops suffered much from want of rain ; not half a hay crop. 
 Potato bugs scarce this year. 
 6th, early sown spring grain good ; 19th, crops growing well ; hay crops 
 
 average half of last year. 
 5th, forest trees in full leaf, apples in blossom ; 30th, crops suffermg. 
 22nd, severe drought prevails. 
 14th, destructive frosts, more than the reading of the thermometer wou d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■RprmoTiHvinfi 
 
 BeUeviUe 
 
 Kirkton 
 
 
 
 Otterville 
 
 
 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 Bancroft 
 
 
 indicate ; 26th, frost, killing tomato plants. 
 15th, heavy frost and much damage ; 29th, pastures dried up. 
 13th, potato stalks all frozen ; 26th, grass burnt up. 
 
 Month of Jdlt. 
 
 20th, haying generally finished ; 25th, harvest beginning. 
 16th, first barley cut. 
 
 Clontarf 
 
 
 Eimismore 
 
 
 25th, heavy frost. 
 
 St. George . . .... 
 
 10th, new onions and beets ; 15th, first wheat cut ; 20th, first cabbages. 
 
 
 31st, much grain out and commencing to sprout. 
 
 
 21st, haying ended ; 24th, harvesting begun. 
 
 
 21st, wheat cutting begun. 
 
 
 Prospect good ; potato bug nearly disappeared. 
 
 3rd, hay crop will be only an average. 
 
 14th, wheat harvest commenced ; 20th, grain ripening slowly. 
 
 Befieville 
 
 Paris 
 
 
 
 Oil Springs 
 
 Everything looking well ; hay crop well saved. 
 19th, first barley and fall wheat cut. 
 
 Samia 
 
 N. Glandford 
 
 15th, fine haying weather ; 22nd, wheat harvest begun. 
 
 
 24th, harvest begun. 
 
 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS: 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The following report on the crops, live stock and other agricultural interests of the 
 Province has been compiled from information furnished by the regular correspondents 
 of the Bureau, in schedules filled up and returned between the 25th and 31st of 
 October. The tables of Produce have been prepared from returns of yield per acre made 
 by 1,250 correspondents, almost all of whom are either farmers or threshers. The 
 Market prices have been compiled from the daily quotations of the newspapers ; and the 
 Weather tables, as usual, have been prepared under the direction of Mr. Carpmael, of the 
 Meteorological Office. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau of Industries, 
 
 Toronto, November, 1884. 
 
 THE GRAIN CROPS. 
 
 The past year has been a highly favourable one for fall wheat. Excepting in some 
 of the western counties the plant wintered fairly well, and under the influence of genial 
 weather in the growing season it made steady progress. The heads were long and well 
 developed, and the grain ripened in a healthy condition, remarkably free from defects of 
 any kind. In not a few instances farmers report that their fall wheat turns the scale at 
 from sixty-four to sixty-six pounds to the bushel, and the yield is two and a-half bushels 
 per acre in excess of the August estimate. Of course there have been some traces of mids^e, 
 weevil, rust and mildew, but the Sum of evils inflicted by these annoyances over the entire 
 Province has been extremely small. A very superior sample of spring wheat has been 
 threshed this year, many correspondents describing it as the best for years. The berry is 
 commonly spoken of as plump, clear in colour, and heavy, and the crop has generally been • 
 unaffected by adverse influences. The only complaint in this regard is of rust, which 
 impaired the quality of the grain, chiefly in late-sown fields, in the West Midland, Lake 
 Huron and Georgian Bay districts ; but the great spring wheat region of Eastern Ontario 
 has almost completely escaped this visitation. The bulk of the barley will not rank 
 higher than second grade this year, for though the grain is generally plump and weighty 
 there has been a great deal of discolouration by rainy weather in harvest. In some locali- 
 ties it is fairly bright, but this is the exception rather than the rule. In the northern 
 portion of the Lake Huron group, however, "light, but bright " is a report very commonly 
 made ; and over the whole group discolouration is less frequently the subject of complaint 
 than in other parts of the Province. The teavy crop of oats reaped this season was 
 generally housed in fine condition, and the sample is usually reported excellent. The 
 yield was somewhat light in the northern portions of the Lake Huron group, and in the 
 Georgian Bay counties, as well as in the eastern and northern parts of the Province. 
 
Uneven ripening, with slight damage by rust and frost are occasionally reported, especially 
 when the grain was late sown, but in the aggregate these drawbacks had no important 
 effect upon the crop. Rye has been only fairly successful this year, much of the grain in 
 the Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence districts, where it is more generally cultivated than 
 elsewhere, turning out to be considerably shrunken. The most prominent fact relating to 
 the pea crop this year is the almost complete absence of the bug. It is the general opinion 
 that that scourge has had its day in Ontario, at any rate for a time. Consequently, in 
 every part of the Province the yield of peas has been abundant, and the quality of unvary- 
 ing excellence. 
 
 The reports of this season's grain crops from the Lake Erie counties are uniformly favourable as to 
 quality. Spring wheat, though not extensively cultivated, has rendered an excellent account of itself, 
 the grain being clear and plump. The quality of the fall wheat is reported to have been unsurpassed 
 in any previous year ; in a very few instances Complaints are made of its having shrunken, but in 
 general the heads were full and the berries large, plump and well coloured. Barley is large and fairly 
 bright ; in many localities, however, especially in the westerly counties of the group, the grain was 
 much discolored by rains at harvest time. The oat crop is of invariable excellence, apparently free 
 from injury from any cause. Rye is a very exceptional crop, but has done well. Peas are unusually 
 good this year, remarkably free from the bug, which is rapidly disappearing The grain crops of the 
 season have, on the whole, enjoyed a great immunity from adverse influences, both of a climatic and an 
 insectiverous kind, and have been garnered in prime condition. The only really serious complaint comes 
 from Elgin, where the midge has wrought considerable havoc in the Egyptian variety of fall wheat. The 
 damage done by rain was comparatively insignificant, and an Essex correspondent says "the fault 
 was generally in the farmers not housing their grain as soon as it was in fit conditiou." Some of the 
 undrained flats of Kent suffered from too much wet. Very favourable weather generally prevaile 
 during harvest, and there are no complaints of injury from early fall frosts. 
 
 The reports from the Lake Huron counties are neaily unanimous aa to the excellent quality of both 
 spring and fall lyheat, the berry being, as a general thing, plump and bright. ' ' Best sample for many 
 years," "quality excellent," |'never better," are a few out of many reports couched in equally favour- 
 able terms. There are exceptions of course. In parts of Howick and others of the more northerly 
 townships of Huron a few correspondents mention that some fields of spring wheat — generally the late 
 sown— were struck by rust just before the grain was fully ripe, and that the qualitv was poor in conse- 
 quence, while from all three counties of the group there is occasionally mention .of slight injury by the 
 midge. One correspondent in Turnberry, Huron county, writes : " Quality good, except in some cases 
 where spring wheat wasput together in a damp condition, and therefore a lot of it is not marketable." 
 These drawbacks apply, however, to so small an area in the aggregate that they do not appreciably 
 affect the general teuour of the reports. With regard to barley, " fair to good ' may be put down as 
 a tolerably accurate summary of the reports. Lightness of sample is more frequently complained of 
 than discolouration by rain—" bright and light," being a common remark, especially by correspondents 
 in the county of Bruce. Darkness of colour is only mentioned as prevailing at all extensively in the 
 more southerly townships of Huron, and though it occurs elsewhere in isolated localities it cannot on 
 the whole be regarded as a very large factor in estimating the value of the season's product in these 
 counties. The bulk of the reports from Lambton and Huron are very favourable. Oats are almost 
 invariably reported "good," or "very good," the exceptions being a few returns from North Huron 
 and Bruce, in which the grain is said to be light. Light straw is mentioned in other cases and there is 
 also an occasional report of slight injury by rust. In the reports made to the Bureau in August verv 
 general mention was made of the disappearance of the pea bug in many localities and the diminution o'f 
 its ravages in others. Judging by the present returns these favour,.ble indications will prove well 
 founded, so far at least as these counties are concerned. The bug has unquestionably gone out in many 
 localities where it has been a regular accompaniment of the pea crop for many years, and owing to this 
 fact and a season otherwise favourable the crop is the best reaped for several years.' A correspondent 
 in Tuukersmith, Huron county, writes : " Peas are of superb quality. Souie destroying agency seems 
 to have annihilated the pea bug. The destruction of Sennacherib was not more complete. " Rye is not 
 grown in these counties. ' 
 
 The reports as to the quality of the various cereals in the Georgian Bay counties are not so 
 generally favourable as those from the counties bordering on Lake Huron. Though fall wheat is 
 generally speaking, a plump, bright sami.le, a good many reports state that the quality of the grain is 
 impaired by rust where the crop suffered from winter-killmg, and this condition of things appaiently 
 applies t.) considerable areas Spring wheat is usually reported a fair sample, but late sown fields were 
 injured by rust and the grain is in ci.nsequtnce small and discoloured. Barley, too, though large aud 
 plump, will not on the whole be of first quality as to colour, more especially in the central townships of 
 Simcoe county. Early sown oats are a good sample, but late sown fields— of which there appear to be 
 a gooil many— not only ripened uuevenly, but suffert-d severely from frost. Pras are almost invariably 
 reported of excellent quality, and no mention is made of the bug. Rye is little grown in these 
 counties, but where mentioned at all the quality is reported excellent. 
 
 The general ch^racter.f the staple grain crops in the West Midland district is this year excep- 
 tionally high. Many correspondents assert that the sample of both spring and fall wheat is the best 
 
for many years. A Blaudford township (Oxford) correspondent says of his locality : " Fall wheat will 
 average sixty-four pounds to the bushel ; a neighbour of mine marketed a load that weighed sixty-six 
 pounds to the bushsl ; " and almost ec[ually glowing accounts come from other districts. Of course 
 there are some dark spots on the picture. A few fields of Michigan amber and Egyptian in Middlesex 
 were decimated by midge, but the aggregate damage from this cause has been slight. Kust has been a 
 more serious and more frequent foe of the wheat crop, chiefly spring wheat ; to a greater or less extent 
 it has been present in every county of the group, and in the neighbourhood of Guelph it has been 
 " unusually bad." Barley shows an average standard in weight and size of grain, but, except in the 
 case of grain which was reaped early, there is much discolouration in it. Oats, as a rule, are of first- 
 rate quality, not being affected by rust to anything like the extent of spring wheat ; while peas are 
 undoubtedly the best for years past, not a single mention being made of the presence of the pea bug in 
 the whole district. Apart from the instances noted above, both insects and the weather have been 
 extremely lenient to this year's grain crops. One happy correspondent joyously exclaims, "Nothing 
 to complain of this year ! " , * 
 
 The Lake Ontario counties, equally with other districts, have yielded a superior quality of grain 
 as the result of the season's threshing. Fall and spring wheat were both secured in first-rate con- 
 dition ; the kernel is large, clear in color, and heavy, not a few samples weighing as high as from 64 to 
 66 lbs. to the bushel. Rust attacked some late-standing fields, especially in the case of poorly- 
 drained lands ; and there are occasional traces of mildew, caused by rains at harvest time, and the 
 housing of the grain in damp condition ; but these drawbacks are blghly exopptiona!, only very slightly 
 affecting the generally favourable result. Other grain crops have threshed in fairly good condition. 
 Barley is rather variable ; it is generally badly stained, but otherwise the grain is of fair quality and 
 shows well in weight. The quality of the rye crop is even less satisfactory, and may be set down as 
 poor to middling ; the grain in considerable quantities is somewhat seriously shrunken. Both oats and 
 peas, on the other hand, are quite as gratifying crops as the wheat ; like it, they were slightly affected 
 by rust and mildew, but '8nly slightly, the bulk of both crops possessing a high degree of excellence. 
 Peas, especially, being almost entirely free from bugs, are universally reported to be the best for several 
 years past. The district as a whole has enjoyed this year a remarkable freedom from insect ravages ; 
 while the midge and the weevil have not been, as they seldom are, wholly absent, they have been 
 comparatively rare and harmless. There are no complaints of injury from late frosts. 
 
 Only two of the numerous correspondents who report from the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties 
 dissent from the verdict that the quality of the spring wheat is "good" or "very good" over this 
 large district. One of these writing from Sherbrooke, Lanark connty, says "It was a very poor crop 
 — hurt by the drought. " The other, writing from Drummond in the same couuty, says it is " fair where 
 not injured by the drought." Pall wheat is little sown in most of these counties and was badly win- 
 terkilled, so that the few reports wh'ch mention this crop at all are generally speaking not very 
 favourable. Barley, which is so largely grown in the more westerly counties of the group, is only of 
 "fair" quality, there having been some (Mscoloration of the grain by wet weather, though the sample 
 is generally large and plump. Oats are usually reported of very good quality, though occasional men- 
 tion is made of uneven ripening, and of injury to late sown fields by August frosts. Rye is only of fair 
 quality. Peas are almost invariably reported an exoellant sample. There are few complaints of rust 
 or insects, and only occasional fields of late wheat and oats were damaged by the August frost. 
 
 The reports as to the quality of spring wheat are favourable from every part of the East Midland 
 counties except the eastern portion of Mariposa, Victoria county, and some localities in Ops, in the 
 same county, in which considerable damage has been done by rust. One correspondent in the former 
 township reports that some fields were so injured from this cause that the crops were not reaped. All 
 the reports, however, concur as to the excellent quality of the fall wheat. Barley will not 
 grade higher than No. 2, taking the district as a whole, for the great majority of correspondents report 
 it to be pretty badly discoloured by the showery weather in harvest, though otherwise the sample is 
 good. Oats are a good sample, with the usual exception that when late sown the quality of the grain 
 was impaired by frost. Peas are of excellent quality, and here, as in the other parts of the Province, 
 their unusual immunity from the ravages of the bug this year is the subject of repeated comment by 
 correspondents. With the exceptions already noted, there has apparently been little damage to the 
 cereal crops by rain or frost, but a hail storm is mentioned by one correspondent in Ops, Victoria 
 county, another in Eldon, in the same county, and by a third in Ofconabee, PetBrboro' county. In Ops 
 "the oats were badly shelled " ; in Eldon, " oats and peas were badly threshed by hail ; we had a 
 very heavy storm just when they were about ripe ; of course it was local and did not extend far. ' 
 The correspondent in Otonabee writes : " Peas are good, but were greatly injured by a hail storm 
 which passed over the centre of this township and threshed all the standing grain in its track. ". ;?/.;»» 
 
 The tenor of the reports from the Northern districts of the Province is that the spring wheat, the 
 staple wheat crop of this latitude, was never better in quality than it is this year, if so good. The few 
 patches of fall wheat which are grown also show a superior sample of grain. The oat and pea crops 
 are described as "splendid," "first class," " very good," etc. Barley is slightly darkened in colour, 
 but otherwise of fine quality ; and rye, though not much grown, is favdurably spoken of. Wheat and 
 Data were touched by rust, but not injured to any appreciable extent. Late oats were frost-bitten a 
 little, but, generally speaking, the harvest was over before the first frost came. 
 
INDIAI^ CORN. 
 
 Tke returns made to the Bureau in August were very unfavourable as to the condi- 
 tion of the corn crop, and, as remarked in the report for that month, the prospects were 
 " least promising in those counties in which com is most largely grown." It was at the 
 same time pointed out that in many cases the crop appeared to be making a surprisingly 
 good recovery from the combined effects of inferior seed, unfavourable weather and the 
 numerous insect pests with which it was assailed. The reports now made to the Bureau 
 show that the recovery has proved to be far beyond all expectation, — that, in fact, the 
 crop is an extremely good one. Another fact very manifest from the returns, and one 
 which fortunately is directly contrary to the prospects in August, is that the crop is best 
 in those counties in which corn is an important staple, namely, the three or four most 
 westerly of the Lake Erie group. The grain is large, hard, well-ripened and well-saved. 
 In the other counties of the Province in which it is grown to any considerable extent as 
 a field crop, and particularly in Haldimand, Welland, Lincoln, Wentworth and Middlesex, 
 the reports are scarcely less favourable. In Lambton, also, the crop is a fairly good one 
 in most parts of the county, though in some localities it was injured irrecoverably by the 
 frost in the latter part of May, and subsequently by warm weather. In Huron the^rop 
 was rather poor except on moist and well-manured soil. From the central and easterly 
 counties of the Province, in most of which corn can scarcely be reckoned a regular field 
 crop, the reports are on the whole surprisingly favourable as to the^ condition of the crop, 
 though frost did a good deal of damage in some localities, and more particularly in the 
 counties lying at the extreme east of the Province. 
 
 SORGHUM. 
 
 Except in some parts of the Lake Erie counties, and particularly jn the county of 
 Essex, where it has been grown for a number of years, sorghum is as yet hardly past the 
 experimental stage of its growth in Ontario. The ^ports to the Bureau would indicate, 
 however, that it is being attempted as a field crop to a larger extent than is generally 
 supposed, and it is to be regretted that the past season has not proved more encouraging 
 to these experiments. From the Lake Erie counties the reports are very favourable, but 
 frost and dry weather proved fatal to the plant in most other places where it was sown, 
 especially in Waterloo. In Essex the reports state that a good quantity has been grown 
 and that the quality is excellent, especially near the lake shore. A correspondent in 
 Orford, Kent county, writes : " Sorghum was larger than usual in quantity, and specially 
 good in quality, and has all been out without material damage." Another writing from 
 Harwich in the same county says : " Amber sugar cane is being quite largely grown 
 here. Nearly every farmer has a piece. The only drawback is lack of manufacturing - 
 capacity. Syrup made from it at a trifling cost is superior to any sold — maple syrup 
 excepted." Another in Zone, in the same county, says : " Sorghum is becoming a useful 
 article for syrup. I have a mill and am making syrup — would not be without it. There 
 are twelve mills in this county." In Bosanquet, Lambton county, " a little was sown, 
 but it did not ripen well, owing to the cold summer." In Huron, Oxford, Perth, Water- 
 loo and Prince Edward, frost is assigned as the cause of failure. On the other 
 hand, a correspondent in Egremont, Grey county, says : " I tried a small patch of sor- 
 ghum, and it grew seven and a-half feet high." Another writing from Otonabee, Peter- 
 borough county, says : " There is some sorghum grown in this township, but the season 
 was not warm enough to bring it to perfection to make the seed ripen, or our climate 
 does not answer it. There was no frost till the middle of October." Several correspon- 
 dents in the western part of the Province say that the cane would be more extensively 
 grown but for the absence of appliances for its manufacture. 
 
BEANS. 
 
 The encouraging reports of the prospects of the bean crop made to the Bureau in 
 August have been amply justified by the harvest. The yield has generally speaking been 
 good, and, as in the case of corn, it has been most prolific in those localities — and they 
 are comparatively iew — -in which beans are an important field crop. In the Lake Erie 
 counties they have almost invariably been harvested in fine condition. In a few instances 
 they were injured by rain and drought in the early part of the season, and in a few others 
 they are reported to be somewhat discoloured by rain in harvest. Damage by wet 
 weather in harvest appears to have been more extensive in central and eastern Ontario 
 than in the west, but in no part of the Province does the crop seem to have been anything 
 like a failure except perhaps in the north and extreme east, where early frost and late 
 rains proved fatal in many localities. In even those counties, however, the area under 
 this crop is comparatively small. 
 
 BUCKWHEAT. 
 
 The reports as to the yield and condition of the buckwheat crop are rather unfavour- 
 able. In the eastern part of the Province it has been largely a failure — certainly not 
 more than half a crop — owing mainly to frost. In the west, though the reports are more 
 favourable, a good deal of damage has been done by wet weather in the Lake Erie 
 counties, and by frost and rain combined in other localities in which it is grown. Too 
 dry weather is occasionally mentioned as doing damage to the crop. A correspondent in 
 Mersea, Essex county, says : " I had buckwheat sown on wheat stubble after harvest, 
 and it ripened all right." 
 
 CLOVER SEED. 
 
 The clover seed crop is everywhere an extremely disappointing one. The flourishing 
 appearance of the fields at the time of the midsummer report excited high hopes in 
 the minds of the farmers ; the second crop was making a vigorous growth and heading 
 well, and though there were traces of midge it was believed that the healthy condition o 
 the clover would enable it to successfully resist this insect's attacks. But the second 
 brood, which develops in August, proved to be so great and so generally destructive that 
 the year's yield of seed is very light, and doubtless a considerable quantity will have to 
 be imported. Many farmers did not consider their crop worth threshing, and numerous 
 fields were pastured ofi" or ploughed under. • The suggestion conveyed in last year's report 
 to pasture clover fields until the beginning or middle of June, and then leave them to 
 ripen for seed, was pretty widely adopted this year, and with invariably favourable results. 
 Wherever this plan was followed the midge was rendered harmless and a fair yield of 
 seed obtained, while surrounding fields were utterly stripped. In view of the success 
 attending this experiment, there would seem to be no reason why any farmer should 
 become discouraged, as appears to be the case in a good many instances, from the attempt 
 to grow clover seed. Large clover and alsike, where grown, are reported t o h 
 successful. 
 
 The reports of the clover seed crop from the Lake Erie counties vary considerably. Essex and ' 
 Kent, which are apparently enjoying greater immunity from the midge than the other counties of the 
 group, show some fine yields, in quantity sometimes as high as six bushels to the acre, and of first-rate 
 quality ; and isolated localities in other counties make a fair approach to this record. Taking the 
 district as a whole, however, it is doubtful if the yield of clover seed can be set down as even a low- 
 average. Occasionally, where the first crop was out very early, there has been a fair product of seed 
 from the second, but the rule is that the cutting of the first crop ensures the destruction of the second 
 crop by the midge. A correspondent at the extreme east of the the county of Kent thus describes the 
 condition of things in his neighbourhood : " Out of a great many heads that I have examined, both 
 
before and after catting, though the seed was plentiful, yet, from the ravages of the midge, not more 
 than one-fourth is fully matured, and even that has a very sickly appearance ; some farmers have not 
 cut their clover, knowing it would not pay ; others, who did, cut it solely with the view of getting 
 enough seed for their own use." The invariable testimony is that the only really safe course is to 
 pasture the clover until June, and then, instead of cutting it for hay, to leave it to ripen. In no case • 
 is this plan reported to have failed in promoting a fair yield of midge-proof seed. The statements of 
 two or three correspondents on this point may be quoted: From Kent— "Pasture until June, and 
 then save for seed, and you are sure of a crop." From Elgin — " Almost a total failure on account of 
 midge ; there are a few exceptions where fields have been used for pasture up to the middle of June, and 
 these promise well." Another, from Elgin — " There are only ten acres of clover saved in this section ; 
 it was pastured till June, and was ripe before the midge hurt it." The large clover and alsike appear 
 to have done well under all circumstances, even where the small red failed. Grasshoppers did some 
 damage in Essex and Kent, and a Walpole (Haldimand) correspondent mentions that " a white maggot 
 has eaten some seed after it was housed. " 
 
 Discouraged by last year's failure, the farmers of the Lake Huron counties made fewer efforts to 
 grow clover for seed this year. Lambton is the only county of the three which has returned anything 
 like a crop, and even there it is light, owing to drought and midge combined. The insect appears to 
 be gradually extending throughout the St. Clair peninsula. A Brooke (Lambton) correspondent writes : 
 ' ' This is the first year that the clover midge has done any serious damage, but the present crop is 
 almost completely destroyed. " It was as active as ever, however, in Huron and the southerly town- 
 ships of Bruce. The summer drought was fatal to the second growth throughout the entire district ; it 
 grew so scantily and blossomed so rarely that it was very generally pastured off. :tiE°A™°ai»B"?5»-™i> ' "i 
 
 Seed clover is almost a total failure in the West Midland district, owing to the universal prevalence 
 of its vigorous enemy, the midge. The assaults of this pest came upon the farmers as something of a 
 surprise. At the date of their midsummer reports, which were pitched in a decidedly hopeful strain, 
 the second crop was heading satisfactorily, and although the midge was present it was not greatly 
 feared and appeared to be diminishing. But they had not, as the event proves, calculated suflSciently 
 on the second brood, which hatches out in August, and which this year has been even more destructive 
 than it was last year. A great many correspondents report that the clover is not worth threshing ; in 
 other cases it was not even cut, as it failed to blossom, and the cattl^ were turned upon it. The ravages 
 of this dire insect have been so disastrous during the past two or three years that in many places farmers, 
 in their discouragement, are abandoning the attempt to grow cloverfor seed. The only fields which have 
 yielded a moderate return of seed are those which were pastured until the beginning or middle of June, 
 and not cut for hay. The crop was thereby enabled to ripen sufficiently to successfully resist the 
 attacks of the midge before the second brood came out. But taking the whole district together, the 
 yield of the season is extremely light. In some localities, notably in Waterloo, drought aided the evil 
 influence of the midge. Wellington and Dufiferin do not, to any great extent, attempt to produce 
 seed. A Dufferin correspondent says: "Cattle are always put on the second growth of^ clover for 
 fattening^t pays us best." | ' -j^; 
 
 The same tale of general destruction by midge comes from the Lake Ontario counties. The season 
 has been so faxorable for vegetation that the clover fields made a thick and heavy growth ; in the 
 second crop the straw and leaf developed abundantly ; but the midge prevented blossoming, so that 
 the aggregate supply of seed is extremely scanty. Many farmers have not thought their clover worth 
 threshing, and either left it for pasture or garnered It merely for fodder ; a Lincoln correspondent says 
 the yearly visitations of the midge are discouraging farmers from attempting to grow for seed. Here 
 as elsewhere, however, the fields in which cattle have been pastured in the early summer, and which 
 have then been left for seed, have invariably been able to resist the August brood, and have ?iven a 
 satisfactory return. The large red clover and alsike, where grown, are both reported to have matured 
 successfully. 
 
 There is scarcely any seed clover cultivated in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties. The 
 farmers usually purchase their supplies of seed from abroad, preferring to devote their clover crops to 
 pasturage or hay. Probably for this reason, the midge is not a subject of complaint in this district. 
 The only drawbacks this year have been frosts in May and early in June, which shortened the crop in 
 some localities, and the grasshoppers. 
 
 Only the southerly townships of the East Midland district produce clover seed, and in these it has 
 very generally failed this year. Drought in summer and early frosts both injured the crop somewhat, 
 and an Asphodel, Peterborough, correspondent says "heavy rains kept it growing so that it did not 
 ripen before the frost came; ' but its chief enemy has-been the midge, which prevented the heads oi 
 the second crop from filling. A Faraday (Hastings) correspondent remarks : " No clover cultivated for 
 seed, but clover could be cultivated to advantage here." 
 
 The occasional localities of the Georgian Bay and Northern districts which raise clover seed havei 
 in common with every other section of the Province, suff'ered greatly from midge. The growth of the 
 second crop was also somewhat retarded by dry weather which succeeded the haying season The 
 product of seed is therefore on the whole very small. September frost blasted some late standing fields 
 
ROOTS. 
 
 As predicted in the last report of the Bureau, in almost every part of the Province 
 potatoes are an unusually fine crop, " the best for years," as ^any correspondents express 
 it, and in some localities the surplus is so large and the price so low that they are being 
 fed to stock. There are a few localities which are exceptional to this generally favourable 
 condition of things, but their area is so limited that they will not appreciably afiect the 
 average. An occasional report from the western peninsula states that potatoes are a light 
 crop, but that the quality is good and that, as in every other part of the Province, they 
 have generally been secured in fine condition. A few cases of rot are reported from Nor- 
 folk, and several correspondents in the counties of Prescott and Russell state that the 
 potatoes began to rot pretty badly soon aflpr being gathered. The reports as to the 
 turnip crop are hardly less varying in their character than those made to the Bureau in 
 August, but taking into account the acreage plowed up in the early part of the season, and 
 the fact that " fair to middling " is about the best that can be said for the surviving crop 
 in most parts of the Province, it is quite evident that the aggregate yield will be very 
 considerably below the average. Dry weather in the early part of their growing season 
 was the main cause which produced the damage, though there is an occasional report that 
 the turnip fly and other insect pests contributed their share to the result. The turnips 
 are generally rather small in size, and dry and hard in quality. The comparative failure 
 of the crop, however, will to some extent be compensated for by the fine yield of man- 
 golds. They are reported as good in almost every part of the Province, and in not a few 
 localities this root is largely taking the place of turnips. Though the plants sufiered to 
 some extent from the dry weather, they appear to have made a far better recovery than 
 turnips, and at the same time to have been remarkably free from attacks by insects. 
 Carrots are also reported a good crop. All root crops except turnips, in the case of 
 localities where growth was still in progress, were pretty generally under cover at the date 
 of the reports, and they were got in^n good condition. A correspondent in Huron town- 
 ship, Bruce county, says: "Turnips were very much injured by the butterfly ; in some cases 
 nothing being left but the ribs of the leaves." Another writing from Goderich town- 
 ship, Huron county, says : " Turnips suffered a good deal dtiring the dry weather from 
 the leaf lice or aphis, but our friend the lady-bird followed them pretty closely." A cor- 
 respondent in Walsingham township, Norfolk county, states: "Farmers are boiling up 
 potatoes to fatten hogs with — -only worth fifteen to twenty cents a bushel here." Another, 
 writing from Ennismore, Peterborough county, says : ''Turnips were badly destroyed by 
 the green cabbage worm." 
 
 FRUIT AND TRUIT TREES. 
 
 Of our standard fruit,- apples, there is a large surplus in the country ; but the demand 
 is feeble, and prices are much depressed. Apples of excellent quality are selling in many 
 sections of the Province at from $1 to $1.50 a barrel, and even at these prices their move- 
 ment is slow. Most other fruits have yielded much less bountifully, having been, as a 
 rule, more seriously afiected by the frosts which swept over the country in the latter end 
 of May. Pears have been deficient, except in the Niagara peninsula, in Oxford and Mid- 
 dlesex, and in favoured localities in the immediate vicinity of the lakes. Peaches have 
 been a general failure, only a few orchards in the neighbourhood of Niagara and along 
 the shore of Lake Erie having given anything like satisfactory returns. Many pear and 
 peach trees were blighted last winter, and failed to blossom ; but they are beginning to 
 show signs of recovery. The yield of plums and cherries has been poor ; black-knot appears 
 to be carrying on a war of extermination against the trees of both. The grape crop was 
 shortened and retarded by the spring frosts, but the vines suffered no permanent injury. 
 Small fruits of every kind have been abundant, wild raspberries particularly so. The 
 quality of the season's fruit supply has been fair. Insect troubles appear to have been 
 less troublesome than usual ; the codling worm, however, has inflicted some damage on 
 
10 
 
 apples, and the curculio is apparently extending throughout the eastern section of the 
 Province. Wind storms are more complained of than insects, considerable quantities of 
 apples having been blown down before maturity, and so rendered unsaleable. The present 
 condition of the orchards is reported to be on the whole satisfactory, the trees having 
 made a good growth of well^ripened wood during the season. 
 
 The Lake Erie counties have made a rather poor fmit record this year. The orchards did not recover 
 from the fatal effects of the May frosts, which stripped thousands of trees of their blossoms. The conse- 
 quence has been a great deficiency of all large fruits, except, perhaps apples, which though extremely 
 scarce in isolated localities have been in fair enough supply throughout the district as a whole to meet the 
 home demand and to furnish a respectable surplus for export. Occasionally, in the immediate vicinity of the 
 Lake shore, where the frost was not so severely felt as in the interior, the yield was abundant. A Kent 
 correspondent says there have been about 5,000 -barrels of apples shipped from the southern portions of the 
 townships of Kaleigh and Harwich ; and one in Gosfield (Essex) reports a large surplus of apples wasting for 
 want of a market in his neighbourhood. Small fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries and currents, were 
 in good supply. In addition to the frost, there have been the usual number of local and exceptional 
 misfortunes. Storms and winds in Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland caused considerable quantities of 
 apples to fall before they were ripe ; in some localities they were spotted and wormy ; and from Bertie 
 township, in Welland, come accounts of destruction by the codling moth and by heavy rains in June. Peach 
 trees appear to have been the greatest sufferers from the frost, but they are slowly recovering. The frost 
 made the grape crop light and late ; but the vines were not seriously affected. Plum and cherry trees 
 continue to be much afflicted with black-knot. Apple and pear trees, however, are fairly healthy, and are 
 making a thrifty growth of wood for next season, although a Harwich (Kent) correspondent says that young 
 trees have not made as good a growth as they did last year. 
 
 Apples are abundant and cheap throughout the Lake Huron district, and there has been an immense 
 exportation this fall, especially from the county of Huron. In the neighbourhood of Seaforth large quanti- 
 ties of fall apples have been shipped to Manitoba, and of winter varieties to England. A Goderich corres- 
 pondent estimates the total product available for export at 40,000 barrels. Apples of good quality have been 
 selling at from $1 to $1.50 a barrel. The quality of the crop has generally been good, the fruit being large 
 and fine, except that grown on light soils, which is undersized. Considerable quantities, too, have been 
 injured by the codling worm, which appears to have been widely prevalent, though, in the opinion of some 
 correspondents, not to such an extent as in former years. A Brant township correspondent declares that it 
 has destroyed fully half the crop in his neighbourhood, by causiflg the apples to fall before they were ripe. 
 Mr. A. McD. Allan, of Goderich, recommends spraying the trees with a weak solution of Pans green and 
 water just when the apples are formed, which, he says, has proved a successful remedy, as it destroys the 
 moth without injuring the fruit. Other large fruits have been a failure, especially peaches, which are an 
 extremely uncertain crop in these counties ; the only hope of a regular supply of fruit appears to be from 
 early seedlings. Many peach trees, as well as pears, are dying from blight. The curculio and black-knot 
 combined are threatening to exterminate every plum orchard in the district ; the crop was very poor this 
 year, and the trees are rapidly dying out. The opinion is spreading that the only remedy is to remove the 
 trees and to abandon the cultivation of plums for some years, and then tb begin afresh. Nof are cherry 
 trees quite exempt from this disease. The apple orchards are thriving, and have acquired a good addition 
 of healthy wood for next season. Grapes have been fairly successful, and all small fruits have yielded 
 abundantly. 
 
 The fruit crop of the Georgian Bay counties has exceeded the expectations which were formed of it at 
 the date of the August report. The supply of apples is great and of superior quality, but the demand is 
 feeble and prices are low. This fruit has suffered some injury from the codling worm, and from storms 
 which blew the apples from trees that were unprotected by wind-breaks. A Holland township (Grey) 
 correspondent reports that " a hail storm passed through here on the 10th of September, which did a great 
 deal of harm to the apples, cutting them and shaking them off." Notwithstanding these drawbacks, there 
 is a large surplus in the district awaiting a market. Grabs have been plentiful. Pears have been in fair 
 supply for home consumption, as have also been small fruits ; but plums and cherries were scarce, owing 
 chiefly to the terrible ravages of bla,ck-knot. Apple trees are healthy, but pear trees are suffering from 
 last winter's blight. 
 
 The severity of last winter and the frosts of last May told rather heavily on the orchards of the West 
 Midland counties. Old apple orchards especially have suffered greatly, many trees dying, while plum and 
 cherry trees are succumbing everywhere to the combined onslaughts of frost and black-knot. Young apple 
 and pear orchards are in fair condition, and are showing a good growth of new wood. Except in apples, uie 
 season's fruit product has been rather small. Peaches have been unusually scarce everywhere. Oxford and 
 Middlesex only have a sufficiency of pears, the latter yielding a small surplus. Plums, cherries and grapes 
 have all been insignificant crops ; grape vines were badly nipped by the May frosts. The large surplus of 
 apples has, however, to a great extent, compensated for the deficiency of other fruits. The May frosts 
 were not so destructive of fruit germs as at the time supposed ; the principal drawback this year has been 
 wind storms, which shook large quantities of apples from the trees before picking-time, rendering them 
 unfit for shipping. Every county has produced sufficient for home consumption, and all except Dufferin 
 report a large surplus. But the general abundance turns out to be only a partial blessing to the growers, 
 owing to the extremely low prices that prevail and the comparative absence of demand. A Blanshard 
 (Perth) correspondent states that "some farmers are feeding their apples to their cows, thinking that it does 
 not pay to take them to market at the present prices." A similar condition of things is reported from other 
 counties. " Good winter apples," remarks a Biddulph (Middlesex) correspondent, " such as Northern Spies 
 and Rhode Island Greenings, can be purchased for a dollar a barrel;" and in some localities in Waterloo, 
 
11 
 
 apples of fair quality are said to be offered at prices so low as from twenty-five cents to fifty cents a bag. 
 Stm, buyers are gathering up considerable quantities for shipment to the English market 
 
 The orchards of the Lake Ontario counties are m a fairly healthy condition ; apple trees especially have 
 made a large addition of well-ripened wood. Some tender varieties of apple trees died from blight after 
 having blossomed in the spring ; and cherry and rfum trees, the former apparently more this year than the 
 latter, were as usual afflicted with black-knot. But peach trees suffered severely, having been extensively 
 winter-killed ; the first sign of decay was the falling of the leaves about blossoming time. Mr. D. W . 
 Beadle, of St. Catharines, reports that in the Niagara peninsula "fruit trees have suffered less during the 
 past season from diseases or from insects than for some time past." The codling worm on apples, and the 
 curculio on plums and cherries continue here, as elsewhere, to be sources of complaint, but they appear to 
 have been less harmful this year than usual. The rose bug is reported to have reduced the grape crop in 
 Etobicoke township (York) ; and a Saltfleet (Wentworth) correspondent says that " dwarf pears and quinces 
 were injured by a slug on the foliage in the summer. " In Lincoln, Wentworth and Halton there was a fair 
 surplus of all the principal fruits, except peaches, which from the injury sustained by the trees were very 
 deficient everywhere but in the vicinity of Niagara. Beyond the limits of the counties named, cherries and 
 plums were scarce and dear. Apples and small fruits, however, have been universally plentifu l. 
 
 The reports from the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties refer almost wholly to apples and plums, wmon 
 are the standard fruits of this region. Most of the more northerly townships as yet attempt to grow only 
 native seedlings, depending on the west for their supplies of the finer varieties. There is, however, in the 
 counties bordering on the St. Lawrence, a fair surplus of good apples this year, but the market is affected by 
 the same stagnation that prevails throughout the Province generally. In the township of Williamsburg 
 (Dundas) the poorer qualities are reported to be selling at the marvellously low price of fifteen cents a bushel, 
 but this is doubtless a highly exceptional case. Apart from the severe frosts of last May, which shortened 
 the yield of both plums and apples considerably, hostile influences have been comparatively few. The 
 curculio, however, appears to be extending its operations throughout this district. A Palmerston (Frontenac) 
 correspondent says: "Por the first time my plums were much injured by the curculio." Black-knot is found 
 on cherry trees more commonly than on plum trees in this district, and in some counties the borer has been 
 at work on apple trees. Still, fruit trees, as a rule, have made a healthy, vigorous growth this season, and 
 at the present date look quite promising. 
 
 The southerly townships of the East Midland counties, to which the fruit-growing of the district is 
 chiefly confined, have yielded sufficient apples for home requirements and a moderate surplus for export. 
 Other kinds of fruit, however, are mostly deficient, except small fruits, which have been plentiful everywhere. 
 The crop of wild fruits, especially raspberries, was enormous. In the vicinity of Haliburton a correspondent 
 says "thousands of tons of raspberries went to waste — it was the heaviest crop I ever saw." Spring frosts 
 and insept pests are complained of, but not seriously. Orchards are generally in a fair condition of health 
 and vigour. A few trees were girdled by mice last winter. Mr. Thomas Beall, of Lindsay, reporting for 
 his neighbourhood, says : ' ' All fruit trees are in good condition except plums, most of which were destroyed 
 last winter — cause, heavy bearing last year ; the trees which remain are only partially recovered." 
 
 The fruit-growing industry makes but slow progress in the northern districts of the Provmce. Every 
 winter kills a certain number of trees ; yet a sufficient proportion survive in various parts of the territory to 
 encourage perseverance. Of course the supply of all cultivated fruits is as yet extremely deficient. A 
 Bracebridge correspondent says : " Quite a few farmers are beginning to have a few trees bearing ; there is 
 probably a bushel or two in the largest orchard in this township, but I think in a few more years we shall be 
 able to raise plenty." 
 
 THE NEW CROP OF FALL WHEAT. 
 
 Taking the Province as a whole the breadth of fall wheat sown this year will proba- 
 bly not differ very much from last, but the difference, whatever it may be, is apparently 
 a decrease rather than an increase. In many of the western counties there is a 
 very perceptible diminution in the acreage sown, due in some cases to the gradually 
 improving prospects of spring wheat, but generally attributable to the tendency to raise 
 more stock and less grain. The reports as to the condition of the crop are singularly 
 unanimous. The weather was rather dry and the ground rather lumpy, especially in 
 clayey soils, at seeding and for some time afterwards, but the fine, moist weather of the 
 latter part of September and during October started the plants into a vigoi-ous growth, 
 and at the date of the reports the crop had a most promising appearance in every part of 
 the Province. Indeed, the only fear expressed by correspondents was that there was " too 
 much top " for a heavy snowfall during winter. There is an occasional mention of the 
 appearance of the Hessian fly and the wire worm, especially on sod land, but its 
 ravages thus far have been of the slightest. 
 
 In the majority of oases throughout the Lake Erie counties the area under fall wheat for next season 
 has very perceptibly diminished, while in a few individual instances the large average of this year s yield 
 has encouraged farmers to maintain and sometimes .even to increase their acreage ; in no county of the group 
 
12 
 
 except Welland can this be said to be the rule. The prevailing tendency appears to be to grow leas wheat 
 and to raise more stock. The planting of wheat in Elgin is reported to have fallen fully twenty-five per 
 cent, as compared with last year. With regard to the condition of the new crop, the absence of rain for 
 some time before the beginning of seeding generally left clay lands dry, hard and lumpy, rendering the 
 work slow and difficult, and retarding gernunation afterwards. Fallows and sandy soils were in much 
 more favourable condition for seed. A Gosfield (Essex) correspondent observes that " stubble ploughed 
 immediately after harvest was moist and mellow, but that ploughed later was so dry that the seed would not 
 sprout until it rained. " The general experience of the season favours early sowing, where possible ; yet the 
 young wheat crop everywhere has made a splendid start under the influence of the fine, moist, temperate 
 growing weather which has prevailed this fall. The present aspect of the fields is one of high promise, the 
 land being well covered with a strong, healthy and luxuriant growth— so luxuriant, in fact, as to excite 
 some fear as to its capability of withstanding sucoessfuUy the frosts of winter ; but this is only a possible 
 contingency. Insects have not yet troubled wie new wheat to any serious extent. The wire worm and the 
 white grub are its chief visitants, their operations being most apparent in fields of sod which have been 
 ploughed and sown with grain. Some occasional blades turning yellow would seem to indicate the presence 
 also of the Hessian fly. But the farmers do not express fear of any appreciable damage from any of these 
 
 Though there is considerable variance in the reports from the Lake Huron counties as to the acreage 
 sown as compared with last year, their general tendency is to show a considerable diminution in the area put 
 under crop. This is most noticeably the case in Lambton, in which the decrease, when put into figures at 
 all, is variously stated as ten, twenty-five, thirty, forty, and even fifty per cent. The majority of the 
 reports from Huron state that the acreage sown is " about the same as last year " ; and of the remainder the 
 larger number show a decreased acreage, while a very small proportion of the total returns state that there 
 is an increase. In Bruce the acreage under fall wheat is about the same as last year. The reports are 
 pretty uniform over the whole group as to the condition of the ground at seeding time and the present 
 appearance of the crop. The soil was generally so dry and lumpy when the seed was sown and for some 
 time afterwards that growth did not begin in many cases for weeks, but the favourable weather which fol- 
 lowed brought the plants forward rapidly, and the present appearance of the crop is most promising. The 
 young plants are strong and healthy, and show a full, rich braird. The only mention of the Hessian fly or 
 other insect pests is by a correspondent in Bosanquet, Lambton county, who says : " The Hessian fly and 
 wire worm did some injury, but not to any great extent. " 
 
 As conditions that are purely local largely determine the acreage of a particular crop sown one year as 
 compM-ed with another, and as these conditions may vary extremely even within the bounds of a single 
 township, it is rather difficult to evolve even an approximately accurate estimate from such seemingly con- 
 tradictory information. This is very markedly the case in the county of Grey. One correspondent says 
 twice as much fall wheat has been sown this year as last ; another 75 per cent, as much ; another one-eighth 
 more ; another 50 per cent, less ; another five times as much, and so on. As, however, a majority of cor- 
 respondents state that the acreage is " about the same as last year," it is perhaps pretty safe to take their 
 •■^Port, and allow the increase reported in some localities to balance the diminution in others. In Simcoe 
 this difficulty does not occur, as the great majority of the reports' state that considerably more fall wheat has 
 been sown this year than last. The soil was generally rather dry at seeding, though otherwise in good condition, 
 and the plants made very rapid progress during the fine fall weather which followed. Its present appear- 
 vtlf J ' °™ ^^ desired— the only fear expressed being that there is " too much top. " There has been 
 
 Mtle damage by insect pests, the only complaint in this regard, coming from a correspondent in Innisfil, 
 bimcoe county, who says that " wheat sown early— let September— is slightly damaged by the Hessian fiy." 
 A correspondent m Sarawak, Grey county, writes : " Owing to the drought it was impossible to plough 
 stubble land until too late to sow." j^ , i^ - > |,j , „ »"'■ ^ ^ "-•"j^ 
 
 Ti/r-j Ji'^®'^^ \*'*® ^™^^ variance in the reports from the West Midland counties as to the acreage sown. In 
 Middlesex there is probably about twenty per cent, less than last year, the causes assigned being the late 
 harvest this year and the improving prospects of spring wheat. In Oxford there is apparently considerably 
 less than last year, the low price being the reason given. The acreage sown in the remaining counties of the ■ 
 group IS probably on the whole about the same as last year. The crop was got in in fine condition, though 
 in some locahties the soil was rather dry, especially in early seeding. The warm rains and fine weather 
 which followed seeding gave the plants a fine, vigorous growth and strong braird, and their present appear- 
 ance is almost invariably reported to be excellent. Some correspondents express the fear that there is ^' too 
 much top for a heavy snowfall, especially on the lighter soils, but on clays, as a correspondent in Ekfrid, 
 Middlesex county, remarks: "Where vegetation was suspended two or three weeks, it looks just right." 
 Another correspondent m Waterloo says that the growth is so rank in some fields that they are being pas- 
 tured by_ calves and hogs. A correspondent in North Dumfries, Waterloo county, writes: "Wheat sown 
 after spring crops, such as barley, oats and peas— and there has been a good deal— is not looking very well, 
 buch a practice is not to be commended." The Hessian fly and wire worm are occasionally mentioned, but 
 he damage is generally reported very slight. The most unfavourable report in this respect is made by a 
 correspendent in Metcalfe, Middlesex county, who says that a great deal of faU wheat has been injured by 
 the wire worm. A correspondent in Biddulph, Middlesex county, writes : " I would call your attention to 
 a smaU wonn or midge that made its appearance in considerable numbers in the fall wheat threshed after 
 harvest, and burrowed m the gram, but as the grain got drier and solid it ceased work. The wire worin is 
 also workmg m some soils this fall. " 
 
 Throughout the Lake Ontario counties the new crop has started very auspiciously. In the counties 
 west from Ontario, and inclusive of that county, where the f ^11 variety is much more widely cultivated than 
 m the counties east therefrom, an enlarged acreage has on the whole been sown ; still there are a few town- 
 ships m which there is an evident disposition to change the crop. , Sowing was begun quite early in Sep- 
 er, and was usually accompanied by favouring conditions. Some of the farmers of Wentworth and 
 om, however, found then: stubble somewhat dry and hard for the want of rain. After the seed was in, 
 revailing weather, being warm and humid, was just such as to stimulate the young shoots to a rapid, 
 reus even growth, and the fields now present everywhere a really magnificent appearance— much more 
 so ihan they did at the corresponding period last year, or even for several years past. " The only fear " 
 remarks a correspondent, " is that the early sown on rich land will get too large before the snow comes'' 
 
13 
 
 Apart from this fear, the uncommonly fine condition of the crop gives no ground for complaint. Except in 
 one or two instances in York and Peel, where there are alight traces of the Hessian fly and wire worm, 
 this district appears to be absolutely free from annoyance from insects. 
 
 Fall wheat is not extensively grown in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties, and about the same area 
 has been put under crop this year as last. The ground was generally in excellent conditijn at seed time, 
 though in some cases a little too dry ; but, as in the western counties of the Province, the fine warm rains 
 which fell shortly afterwards produced a rapid and viKorous growth, and the crop is almost invariably 
 reported as making a fine appearance. The weather not having been quite so warm as in the west, there is 
 no complaint of too rank a growth, and the crop appears to be in the best possible condition to receive its 
 winter coat. No damage is reported from the Hessian fly or other insects. 
 
 '1 1 "The acreage sown m the East Midland counties is probably a small fraction more than last year. In 
 Victoria and Peterboro', the two counties of the group in which it is regarded as a staple crop, the quantity 
 is about the same ; but in Hastings and Haliburton, where it is not so generally grown, the breadth under 
 crop is reported somewhat larger than last year. Though correspondents here as elsewhere occasionally 
 report that the ground was rather too dry at seeding, they are practically unanimous as to the subsequent 
 rapid growth of the plant and its present promising appearance. " Magnificent — almost too well advanced," 
 is the report of a Haliburton correspondent, and iliany others write in terms almost as enthusiastic. There 
 are very few unfavourable reports. One correspondent in Hungerford, Hastings county, reports " a little 
 damage by wire worm " ; and another, writing from Dummer, Peterboro' county, says : "The fall wheat ia 
 yellow in spots, but apparently thrifty, I attribute the yellow spots to the fly." 
 
 Fall wheat continues to be an unimportant crop in the Northern districts of the Province. There is but 
 a alight, if any, extension of the acreage sown this year. The reports of the crop, however, are so far very 
 encouraging. 
 
 PASTURES AND LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Though the reports as to the condition of ft,ll pastures are extremely varying, even 
 in contiguous localities, it is quite evident that the warm rains which fell over a large 
 portion of the Province in the latter part of September and the early part of October had 
 a wonderfully reviving effect even on pastures which had become dry and short from the 
 previous drought. Their condition as a general thing was surprisingly good, and even 
 where they are reported rather short for cattle, the grass is said to be fresh and tender. 
 The condition of live stock of all kinds is also unusually good, for though they are 
 reported thin in those localities in which the pastures suftered most severely from the 
 drought, there is not a single case of disease of any kind mentioned by correspondents, 
 and cattle, sheep and hogs all appear to be in fine healthy condition. Grass-fed cattle 
 not intended for the stall have generally been disposed of in pretty good condition, if not 
 at very good prices, and a somewhat larger number have apparently been sold by live 
 weight off the grass by those farmers who, when prices are more promising, are accus- 
 tomed to stable-feed their cattle. In some localities the same departure from the usual 
 practice is attributed to the scarcity of turnips. Even in those localities where winter 
 fattening is extensivly carried on few cattle have been housed yet, except near towns and 
 cities, with an eye to the Christmas market. Excepting in those localities where farmers 
 only attempt to meet the local demand there is generally reported a good supply of cattle, 
 and taking the Province as a whole there appears to be a surplus larger than usual, with 
 rather a slow demand ; although in some localities, or, more strictly speaking, in some 
 parts of counties, there is reported a scarcity of cattle for export. About the same 
 remarks apply to sheep as to cattle — only in a greater degree, — that is to say, there is an 
 abundant supply in fairly good condition, with very little demand. As to pork, farmers 
 generally speak less gloomily, especially in the Lake Erie counties, where this branch of 
 agriculture is a large and important industry. Corn and peas are abundant, hogs are 
 plentiful, fattening is progressing satisfactorily and prices are fairly good— such is the gen- 
 eral tenor of the reports. 
 
 THE DAIRY. 
 
 Excepting a few instances in which complaints are made of dry pastures in the 
 summer months, the dairy industry has manifested a condition of healthy activity during 
 the year, and is evidently making steady and substantial progress in every part of Ontario. 
 Even in the newer districts farmers are beginning to perceive the advantage of giving to 
 
14 
 
 cattle-raising, and to cheese and butter-making, some portion of the attention that has 
 been hitherto perhaps too exclusively devoted to grain-growing. A Muskoka corres- 
 pondent, in the township of Watts, states : " During the past season a cheese factory has 
 been in operation at Huntsville, and I believe with very satisfactory results. There is 
 a rumour that the same party intends to start other factories in the district ; if so, this 
 will give our dairying interest a lift in the right direction. We require creameries also, 
 for I am afraid that the making of a good article of butter is not very well understood." 
 The reports are rather varying and conflicting as to the relative extent of the two branches 
 of dairying — butter and cheese-making — in the diflferent counties ; yet their perusal leaves 
 a very decided impression that among the more progressive sections oi the farming com- 
 munity the manufacture of cheese is gradually superseding that of butter. This is 
 probably explainable by the existence of a large and growing foreign trade in the former 
 article, with the successful development of the factory system, while our butter is almost 
 wholly a home-made article of very unequal quality, for the supply of a market limited in 
 the vast majority of cases to the immediate locality in which it is produced. Praiseworthy , 
 efibrts have been and are continuing to be made to establish creameries in various parts 
 of the country, chiefly in the west, and in some instances they are reported to be meeting 
 with fair success ; but at the best they find it difficult, especially where buyers do not 
 sufficiently discriminate, to carry their superior butter into successful competition with 
 the cheaper home-made article offered by individual farmers. A correspondent in Gleiielg 
 township. Grey, touches the core of the difficulty in the following observation: "Indis- 
 criminate buying by store-keepers is the cl^f cause of the mischief, for when bad butter 
 commands the same price as good there is no incentive to improvement." In a few 
 instances, indeed, the creameries appear to be doing even more than holding their own. 
 For example, in the township of Blanshard, in Perth, a correspondent says : "There have 
 been a butter factory and a cheese factory in operation for the last four years. This year 
 the cheese factory has been shut up, but the butter factory was in operation during the 
 past summer, although bad management and a debt on the building have greatly checked 
 its operations. The factory butter sold for five cents a pound more than farmers' butter." 
 A Carrick township (Bruce) correspondent writes in a similar strain : " In this township 
 we have two cheese factories and two creameries. Cheese for the last two years seems to 
 be in greater favour than butter, but only, I think, on account of an apparently greater 
 profit, few considering the real value of the skim milk left on the farms of those who 
 patronize the creameries." In both Huron and Bruce, where the creamery system has 
 numerous earnest advocates, though some failures have occurred, the experiment shows 
 no signs of abandonment, one correspondent expressing the opinion that that industry is 
 only in its infancy as yet compared with cheese-making ; the success of the cheese factories 
 is, however, more general and regular, and they are multiplying rapidly in every section 
 of the country. It being entirely a question of profit to the farmers, they show a growing 
 preference for sending their milk to the cheese factories where the demand is constant, 
 and the returns in cash larger, quicker and surer than is the case with butter ; in addition 
 to which they find this the least troublesome method of disposing of their milk. " Cheese, 
 cheese, all cheese," exclaims a correspondent in Blandford (Oxford) ; " the fact is, we seldom 
 get a taste of really good butter during summer." It is before the factories open in May 
 and after they close in October that farmers mostly turn to butter-making, which of 
 course indicates its secondary position. A Leeds county correspondent, to show the 
 greater profitableness of cheese-making, estimates that 100 lbs. of milk produces from 4 
 lbs. to 4 J lbs. of butter or 10 lbs. of cheese, the former selling for 20 cents per lb. and the 
 latter for 11 1 cents — a very material difference. Essex and Kent are the only counties in 
 which some farmers are this year said to be giving less attention to dairying and more to 
 stock. A Camden township correspondent says : "A good number who used to send their 
 milk to the cheese factory now make it up into butter at home and feed the milk to calves, 
 hogs, etc." 
 
 There appears to be no great disposition as yet manifested among Ontario farmers to 
 keep cattle exclusively for dairy purposes. Their chief effort is dir^pted to the produc- 
 tion of an animal comprising both milk and beefing qualities, and with this object various 
 crosses are attempted. By far the predominating type, however, is the Durham grade, 
 
15 
 
 the offspring of our native stock sired by the Durham. Throughout the fine dairying dis- 
 trict of the St. Lawrence counties Ayrshire and Jersey strains are also in high favour, as 
 they are only less generally in other parts of the Province. A marked feature of the 
 reports on this subject is a greatly increased use of Holstein bulls. Devon and Hereford 
 grades have their advocates, but the universal ascendancy of the Shorthorn is unques- 
 tioned. It is rapidly converting our native stock into a magnificent grade. 
 
 THE APIAHY. 
 
 The reports as to bees and honey are extremely contradictory — so much so, even 
 within a distance of a few miles, that it is difficult to base upon them a general statement 
 of the year's produce. Local conditions as to temperature, supply of bloom, etc. , have no 
 doubt a good deal to do with these results, but doubtless they are also to some extent 
 attributable to the varying degrees of skill and experience brought to bear upon this 
 industry. A good many apiarists report that bees did well in the early part of the 
 season, but that the dry weather and scarcity of blossoms seriously interfered with their 
 operations in the latter part, of summer, and in the fall. Others say that bees swarmed 
 abundantly but produced little honey, while according to other correspondents exactly the 
 reverse was the case. In some parts of the Province, particularly in Pelee Island and the 
 mainland shores of Essex, a large proportion of the bees died in the winter from some 
 unexplained cause. Two statements it is safe to make with, regard to this industry. 
 One is, that prices of honey are at present much lower than usual, and the other that 
 apiculture is not only largely on the increase in almost every part of the Province, but 
 it is being carried on more and more intelligently every year. Among the reports 
 received the following are quoted : Howard, Kent county: " I hear from most bee people 
 that bees did not do much ; very late swarms, or none at all, and no surplus honey. The 
 majority of colonies are not, I think, in good condition, on account of the dry fall, there 
 being no fall flowers. They also stopped breeding early, consequently the bees are old 
 and short of supplies, and should we have a severe winter I look for a great mortality 
 among them, as few apiarists pack during the winter months. Packing in chaff or saw- 
 dust, which has been made perfectly dry, or any other such material, is one of the 
 greatest essentials of successful bee-keeping." Blandford, Oxford county : " Bees are 
 greatly on the increase in this county, many going into the business for a livelihood. The 
 average yield per colony is about 75 pounds ; one apiarist here took 130 pounds. The 
 honey is almost entirely white clover." Ekfrid, Middlesex : " Bees have done well, and 
 a great quantity of honey has been made. Much of it is dark in colour, the bees having 
 gathered the honey dew, which has been exceedingly plentiful." HuUett and Goderich, 
 Huron : " Yield under half an average ; colonies in poor condition ; prices of honey low, 
 offered at twelve cents without market; a good deal sold here at ten cents." Bruce, 
 Bruce county: " The honey crop was rather a failure. Clover was the only honey source ; 
 basswood was of no account. There is a prospect of a heavy loss of bees during the 
 winter from the quantity of honey dew gathered during August and September. Where 
 bees have not been fed they are very light in stores." Palmerston and Canonto, Pronte- 
 nac : " Only a few hives exist ; at which I wonder, for a better bee country I do not 
 know. Plenty of blossom from the basswood, clover, etc I strongly recommend Italian 
 bees where so much red clover abounds." 
 
 THRESHING AND MARKETING OF GRAIN. 
 
 Our mild, open fall has greatly facilitated threshing operations, which are now 
 almost completed in the westerly and southerly sections of the Province, and well 
 advanced everywhere else. In a few instances, however, farmers consider it advantageous 
 
16 
 
 to defer threshing until after the conclusion of their fall work. Marketing;, under the 
 influence of the prevailing low prices and sluggish demand, not for wheat alone^ but for 
 all grains, is extremely backward. " Farmers, where able," remarks a Huron correspon- 
 dent, " are holding on to their wheat like grim death ;" and this is the burden of the 
 reports from every county, with scarcely an exception. While the granaries of the country 
 are full to overflowing with the produce of this " fat year," the farmers are very reluctant 
 to part with it at present prices, and as a rule only offer sufficient to supply immediate 
 needs for money. The general disposition is to hold in expectation of better prices before 
 the return of spring. There is, however, a considerable movement in barley, which, where 
 bright and healthy, is generally regarded as the most saleable of the coarse grains this 
 year; several correspondents, indeed, assert that it fetches more per, pound than wheat. 
 This movement is promoted by the abundance of peas, oats and corn available for cattle 
 feed. In some instances, where goose wheat is raised, that grain is retained for fattening 
 purposes, and barley is marketed. But in localities in which barley is the principal coarse 
 grain grown, the preponderance of opinion is that it pays better to keep it for feed than 
 to sell ; and so great a proportion of the year's barley crop is discolored, and will not 
 command a profitable price, that farmers appear more generally disposed to go into stall 
 feeding of stock in order to utilize it. In this connection the remarks of two or three 
 correspondents may be quoted. Prom Dunwich, Elgin : " I believe that nearly all the 
 barley in West Elgin will be fed ; cause, low price, and barley and corn mixed and chopped 
 are unsurpassed for fattening purposes." Erom McKillop, Huron : "A good deal of barley 
 will be fed, because the price is so low that it is the cheapest feed we have, and the 
 experience of the past shows that the farmers that make the most money sell scarcely 
 any coarse grain." From Yonge Front, Leeds : " I think the greater portion of the 
 barley will be fed on the farm, as farmers here have come to the conclusion that there is 
 more money in feeding for beef and pork, and keeping up the quality of the cattle for 
 dairy purposes, than in selling even at the highest price." From Woodhouse, Norfolk : 
 " Some farmers are buying stock and talking of feeding their wheat and barley." The 
 effect on barley cultivation of the adoption of the Scott Act in so many counties is a 
 frequent subject of comment, — the opinion being in some cases that it will diminish its 
 cultivation, and in others that it will divert the barley formerly devoted to malting pur- 
 poses into cattle feeding, for, as one correspondent puts it, " We want less beer and more 
 beef." At any rate, from one cause or another, a considerably larger number of animals 
 than usual appear likely to be stall-fed on barley during the ensuing winter. 
 
 FAIiL PLOUGHING. 
 
 With but limited exceptions the weather this fall has been very favourable for fall 
 ploughing, and farmers have generally taken advantage of that circumstance, in many cases, 
 deferring their usual fall threshing until the ground is frozen so as to keep the ploughs busy. 
 As a result there will probably be, taking the Province as a whole, a considerably larger 
 area of fall ploughing done this year than usual. In some of the Lake Erie counties, 
 however, comparatively little progress had been made at the date of the reports, partly 
 owing to the farmers being still busy with their "corn, partly because the land in most 
 of these counties was hard and dry, and also because, as one correspondent asserts, in 
 light sandy or gravelly soils farmers do not think that fall ploughing is an advantage to 
 the land. In the eastern part of the Province there are some complaints that the land 
 was too dry, though as a rule it was in even more favourable condition there than the 
 west, owing to occasional showers. In some of the lower lying districts of the St. Law- 
 rence and Ottawa group rather too much rain had fallen for satisfactory progress, but as. 
 a whole the reports are very favourable. 
 
17 
 
 UNDERDRAINING. 
 
 It is gratifying to note the steady progress which is being made in underdraining in 
 many parts of the Province. Notwithstanding that the low price of farm produce this 
 year operated somewhat adversely to the carrying on of such improvements, a large extent 
 of drain was laid during the past season, especially in the western parts of Ontario. 
 Kent, Elgin, Waterloo and Huron show the best results in this respect ; tile being the 
 material almost exclusively used in the three first-named counties, while lumber, chiefly 
 hemlock, and stone are employed to a considerable extent in Huron, as in the Lake Huron 
 and Georgian Bay counties generally. Underdraining is making very noticeable head- 
 way among the better class of farmers all over the western peninsula, and the more 
 westerly of the Lake Ontario group. One correspondent in Wellington county says that 
 fifty per cent, of the farmers who own their land are doing more or less underdraining in 
 his neighbourhood ; and another in the county of Dufferin says that four times as much 
 is being done as in previous years. In most of the central and eastern counties of the 
 Province underdraining is not so much practiced ; in some cases, as it is stated, because 
 the land only requires surface-draining, if. any, but in others, unfortunately, because only 
 a few farmers appreciate its value as an investment. Stone and lumber are the materials 
 almost universally used in the east. In the northern districts of the Province, as will be 
 seen in the general remarks appended to this report, attempts are being made to utilize 
 " the curse of Muskoka — stone," in draining the land, and though only on a small scale, 
 yet with satisfactory results. Some underdraining with plank' is also in progress among 
 the farmers of that new country — a condition of things 'which speaks well for their enter- 
 prise, and an example which might well be imitated in older and richer parts of the 
 Province. Among the hindrances to tile draining in many parts of Ontario, in addition 
 to,the prevailing low prices of produce, one not uncommonly complained of is the difficulty 
 of procuring tile within a reasonable distance, though this difficulty is evidently lessening 
 every year. In parts of Ontario, Halton and York counties, for example, it has to be 
 teamed distances of from fourteen to twenty-five miles — a condition of things which was 
 hardly to be expected in those counties. The inferior quality of tile, owing to improper 
 ■ burning, is sometimes assigned as a reason why farmers are using wood and stone for the 
 purpose ; but in some counties the old wooden drains are being replaced by tile, and this 
 material exclusively used in the new drains that are being laid. Scarcity of skilled 
 labour is another drawback frequently complained of. One correspondent writing from 
 Blandford township, Oxford county, says : " Most labourers pretend skill enough for 
 ditching," and so piobably they do. But unfortunately whatever they may pretend, the 
 number who really possess skill enough for proper tile-draining — which is another matter 
 — is not, judging by the reports, very large. Tile-draining machines, which, by the way, 
 some correspondents have confounded with tile-making machines, appear to be coming 
 into pretty general use where underdraining is exclusively carried on, and with a few 
 exceptions, and these chiefly where the land is very stony, they are reported to be success- 
 ful. Rennie's machine is the only one mentioned, except by one correspondent in Mid- 
 dlesex, who says that Henderson's machine is used and is doing good work. A corres- 
 pondent in the' eastern part of the Province complains that he cannot find any advertise- 
 ment of draining machines in the columns of the leading newspajjers, though he is 
 anxious to get information on the subject. A correspondent in the township of Chatham, 
 Kent county, mentions a rather curious indirect etiect of the introduction of improved 
 harvesting machinery in these words : " Since the self-binding haivesters have come to 
 the front, open drains had to be covered up ; so many have put tile in this fall." As to 
 the general value of underdraining as an investment on the farm it need hardly be said 
 that there is but one opinion expressed wherever it has been fairly tried, and that is that, 
 though it may not always pay in the first year's crop, ib never fails to make ample and 
 early returns." 
 
18 
 
 LABOUR AND WAGES. 
 
 The tendency noted in the August report of the Bureau towards a full if not an 
 over supply of labour and lowering of wages has increased to a very decided extent in 
 almost every part of the Province. The reports made by the vast majority of correspond- 
 ents are practically the same as to these two facts : (1) A plentiful supply of labour ; (2) 
 wages falling and likely to fall The cause almost universally assi^ed, either alone or in 
 combination with others, is the low price of farm produce, which, it is alleged, will pre- 
 vent the farmers paying the rate of wages recently prevailing, and at the same time reduce 
 the cost of living to the farm servant. But there are other factors in the problem which 
 are scarcely less potent. One of these was strongly emphasized in the August report, 
 namely, the introduction iato harvesting operations of self-binding reapers and other 
 improved machinery. The present reports coniirm the impression then sought to be con- 
 veyed, that these machines are working something approaching a revolution in this ques- 
 tion of farm labor. As several correspondents say, " with these machines we require no 
 more hands in summer than in winter," and everyone familiar with the economy of the 
 average Canadian farmer knows what that means — what a reduction such a fact, if it be a 
 fact, will make in the aggregate supply of labour necessary for the agricultureof this Pro- 
 vince. But there are other causes, some Likely to be more permanent than others, which 
 are so frequently mentioned in the reports that they cannot be regarded as merely acci- 
 dental, and therefore require to be noticed. The comparative cessation of the movement 
 of farmers' sons and others belongjng to the normal agricultural population of Ontario to 
 Manitoba and the North- West Territories, the return of a considerable number of those 
 classes from the United States as well as our own North-West, and additions to the 
 farm labouring class by immigration from Europe, are not unfrequently commented upon 
 in the reports ; while the dulness of the lumber trade in Canada and Michigan is referred 
 to over and over again as helping to account for the condition of the labour market in 
 those parts of the Province upon which the lumber shanties usually make large draughts 
 of young men. It should be mentioned, however, that both as to the effects of the North- 
 West movement and of the lumber trade there are some exceptions to the general tenor 
 of the reports. Two or three correspondents in the eastern part of the Province predict 
 that wages wiU riot fall, and may probably rise, on account of the demand for lumber- 
 men, while one, writing from the county of Middlesex, says that wages will rise 
 "because many are leaving for the North- West." Some correspondents also in the 
 northern parts of the Province are of opinion that wages are likely to remain stationary, or 
 even to rise a little, on account of railway construction in progress, but such reports are 
 local and exceptional. Still another cause of the expected surplus of labour — and one 
 which may possibly prove more permanent than some of those already mentioned — ^is the 
 fact that in many parts of the Province farmers seem more and more inclined to turn 
 their attention to grazing and stock raising instead of wheat farming. This tendency, 
 noticeable of late years in many localities, but attributable chiefly to local causes, such as 
 the uncertainty of the wheat crop, is this year frequently explained on another ground. 
 The fear is expressed by intelligent farmers that the present low prices of wheat are not due 
 to temporary causes, but to a large and probably permanent increase in the area of the wheat 
 field of the world, by which a new adjustment of food values will be brought about. This 
 impression, whether it prove to be well-founded or not, will in the meantime have a cer- 
 tain effect in proportioning the attention devoted to particular branches of agricultural 
 industry of the Province. With regard to the relations existing between the farmer and 
 farm servants, though they are generally reported to be satisfactory, it is frequently stated 
 that wages in the summer season are proportionately too high, as there is little or nothing 
 for farm labourers to do in winter, and many of them, it is said, expect to make as much 
 during the five or six months of the busy season as will keep them in comparative idle- 
 ness for the rest of the year. Another evil which is attributed to the same cause is that, as 
 one correspondent says, "the labourer becomes a migratory sort of being," between whom 
 and his employer there is little sense of mutual responsibility, owing to the brief period 
 of their relationship. Several farmers suggest the advisability of ,building more cottages 
 on their farms and employing married men by the yfear ; and should stock farming become 
 
19 
 
 more general m the Province, though the total number of hands required may be less, 
 engagements of this kind are more likely to be made. As already stated, the relations 
 between master and servant are very generally said to be quite satisfactory. There are, 
 however, some complaints on the part of farmers that the servant is more independent 
 than the " boss," that he does " only what he likes," that " men will not work unless they 
 are under the master's eye," that " the law is too favourable to the labourer," and so on. 
 Such complaints will probably be made to the end of time, or at all events so long as the 
 relation of master and servant continues ; but as they are after all comparatively few in 
 number, as only one side of the question is heard from, and as, moreover, other corres- 
 pondents state that so long as masters treat their servants fairly, and, as one of them 
 puts it, " don't expect two days' work in one," their relations remain all that could reason- 
 ably be desired, the replies on that point can hardly be regarded as proving any general 
 unsatisfactoriness in the relationship existing between the two classes. The migratory 
 character of farm servants, which has already been referred to, and which is at present 
 almost unavoidable, has no doubt a good deal to do in causing these complaints. Upon 
 one other point in the labour question there is practically but one reply from the six 
 hundred correspondents who have reported on the subject — that is, the question of domes- 
 tic servants. "Very scarce," "cannot be had for love or money," is the report made all 
 but universally. Ordy a few of the correspondents deal with the cause of this condition 
 of things, and their opinion is, in brief, that it is due to the tendency of girls to resort to 
 town and cities, and engage in sewing and other like pursuits, and the aversion which 
 farmers' daughters of the poorer class feel to engaging in domestic service from a notion 
 that it is less " respectable " than some other wage-earning occupations. Whatever the 
 cause, however, there is no doubt of the increasing scarcity of this class, and none of the 
 correspondents of the Bureau suggest a remedy, unless it be "to do without them" — or to 
 procure labour-saving implements for the house as well as for the farm." 
 
 GENEEAL REMAEKS. 
 The following extracts are taken from the General Remarks of correspondents : 
 
 THE w|:ather. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : We have had a splendid fall so far. 
 
 W. McKenzie Ross, Harwich, Kent : The weather so far has been very fine, and if work is behind it is 
 on account of sluggishness. With a boy I dug a drain 1,000 feet long and two and one-half feet deep, and 
 laid in the tile in three days, all complete. 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : The past season, from early spring till now, has been the finest for out« 
 door work of every kind that I have known during the twenty-seven yaars that I have been here. Every- 
 thing was well taken care of and got in in good condition, and the fall work is more forward than usual. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Duuwich, Elgin : The past season has been one of the most pleasant for farm work 
 that I have seen for a number of years. 
 
 James McOlive, Bertie, WeUand : The fall is fearfully dry, and water in wells scarce ; unusually so at 
 this season of the year. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : In all my experience as a farmer I never before saw such n, year as 
 this ; every crop was good and fairly well stored ; a most bountiful season throughout. 
 
 A. Drummond, Howiok, Huron : Crops of all kinds suffered severely in this part from drought, conse- 
 quently they are light. Cattle feed will be scarce. Many are selling the cattle they intended to feed. The 
 greater part of the roots were ploughed up and fall wheat sown. 
 
 Capt. John Molntyre, Blderslie, Bruce : This has been the dryest season I have seen in this country for 
 twenty years past. No rain worth mentioning from the end of April to about the 20th September. 
 
 Thos. Fraser, Huron, Bruce : The middle of seeding or the first three weeks of May were very wet and 
 some grain was drowned, fit then came in dry and was the longest drought we ever had, continumg to the 
 20th of September, some having to draw water for stock up to the 20th of October, which accounts ior poor 
 pasture and thin stock. 
 
 John Jackson, Oaistor, Lincoln : This has been one of the finest seasons, taking all things into account- 
 grass, grain crops, root crops, pastures, etc. — that I ever remember seeing. 
 
 Thomas Dodds, Monaghan South, Northumberland : Fine working weather ; farmers very busy. 
 
20 
 
 THE HARVEST. 
 
 Thomas Brown, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Upoa the whole, with the exoejf tion of fruit, this has been 
 the best year for the farmer for a number of years ; but prices of all kinds of grain are very low, and nearly 
 everything is in comparison. 
 
 Gr. E. Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : The quality of the fall wheat is so fine this year that I have in- 
 creased my estimate very materially. Wheat weighs like lead. A general surprise is manifested at the 
 results of threshing. Perhaps the most noticeable feature of the year's operations is the apparently com- 
 plete destruction of the pea bug. Various reasons are assigned, but the most general opinion seems to be 
 that tlie excessive wet of last season has been the cause, by destroying the young bug in its first stages. 
 
 Wm. Elliot, West Williams, Middlesex : The township at large has produced this year a greater 
 abundance and better quality of cereals, roots and vegetables than any year in my recollection, as shown by 
 our agricultural show at Farkhill. 
 
 E. Hodges, Whitby East, Ontario : I think farmers in this section need not complain ; almost every 
 kind of grain and roots are a good crop, and although prices are low, I think we will come out about as well 
 as in former years. 
 
 G. Kinsey, Uxbridge, Ontario : We have an abundance of everything, and have had good weather for 
 securing crops. 
 
 DRAINAGE AND CULTIVATION. 
 
 John Dickie, Orford, Kent : The more intelligent of the farmers are quite alive to the immense 
 advantages of underdraining, and I feel confident that it will go on increasing annually. 
 
 T. L. Pardo, Raleigh, Kent : We are far behind here in tile draining, yet som" of our best farmers are 
 underdraining their lands, which will induce others to follow their example. Scarcity of tile is one great 
 cause of delay. Only one tile-draining machine in this township. 
 
 J. H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : The farmers in this locality must^ give more attention to 
 underdraining. 
 
 Edwin Gaunt, West Wawanosh, Huron : In draining, hemlock lumber is used in this locality instead of 
 tiles, the former being cheap and plenty, but would prefer tiles if they could be had. I am sorry to see 
 some of our best lands practically valueless and producing nothing for the want of a few um lerdrains. A 
 well-draiued farm is the exception rather than the rule, which should soon be reversed, as nothing returns 
 high interest on the investment sooner than systemaiic draining. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : One of our greatest wants here is skilled labour for tile drainage. 
 
 AVm. Milne, Osprey, Grey : There is no tile here. Farmers are not alive to the great advantage of 
 draining. We have plenty of suitable stone. I believe the use of foreign manures would have a marvellous 
 effect here in starting the crops earlier in spring. 
 
 r. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford: In .my opinion far too little attention is paid to scientific under- 
 drainage. How many ditchers can grade the bottom of a drain? Very few; yet this is the most 
 important part. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxf.ird : I would like ?o know a little more about the tile-draining machines— 
 where made, cost, and at what rate they can dig by the rod, as men's labor is costly and it is not every man 
 that can and will do that kind of work. 
 
 A. M. Driver, Blairshaw, Perth : There is more than the u-ual amount of large water-courses being 
 opened on account of parties availing themselves of the Ontario Statute re Engineer. 
 
 L. Parkinson, Eramosa, Wellington : The high rate of wages and lack^ of sufficient skilled labourers 
 prevent the farmers from going into draining extensively. 
 
 Robert Hay ward, Arthur, Wellington : Very great disadvantage in draining on account of no tile being 
 maufactured here. 
 
 David Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : I have underdrained a good deal this last thirty years and have 
 used up all the stones I could get. I have commenced with cedar poles, and find they do very well when 
 nothing better can be had. I filled 115 rods with cedar poles and sphnt pieces this year. I know a cedar 
 drain filled over twenty-five years and it is good yet. No tile can be had here. 
 
 Dr. Elkington, Palmerston and Cauonto, Frontenac : No underdraining; we are on the Laurentian 
 formation. A few of us are draining our heavier meadow s, which for some years require wide, deep, open 
 drains, or rather water-courses. 
 
 John S. Hart, Drummond, etc., Lanark : Very little underdraining has been done in this locality— only 
 isolated instances by enterprising farmers— but always with sutisfactory results. 
 
 Edmund Anderson, Lanark, Lanark : Underdraining here is generally done by laying two poles about 
 six inches apart and covering with stone. 
 
 James Findlay, Westmeath, Renfrew : Very little underdraining done at all. No tiles. Where can 
 they be bought, and coat ? " Any tile-draining machines ? " No, no, sorrowfully no ! 
 
 John Hnllingworth, Watts, Muskoka: I do not know of anyone but myself who has made any attempt 
 at underdraining. Last fall I put in some seventy rods of ruffle drain, and so favourable has been the result 
 that for the future I shall bend all my energies to do all I can in underdraining. When we get sense enough 
 to utilize the curse of Muskoka^stone— in the working of roads, fences, buildings and underdrains, then 
 indeed will that cuise prove an unlimited blessing. 
 
21 
 
 INSECT PESTS. 
 
 Isaac Piett, Houghton, Norfolk : The eropa were destroyed by a worm resembling the currant worm, 
 having a web like an apple caterpillar. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : In the former part of the season I remarked that the damage 
 done to clover by the midge was inappreciable, but in this I was much mistaken, for shortly afterwards I 
 examined a few heads in my own field and found them literally crawling with midge. I found other fields 
 to be in a similar state. 
 
 Henry Doupe, Blanshard and Usborne, Huron and Perth : I have paid some attention to the clover fly 
 this past summer, with regard to its development. The fly is about one-fourth of an inch in length when 
 full grown. It consists of three parts, the head, thorax and abdomen. It has six legs, and two wings 
 folded over each other across the back, of a white appearance. Its color is jet black. It lays its eggs — from 
 two to four in number — in the calyx of the clover pedicel before it blooms. They are an orange color, and 
 •o small that they can scarcely be seen with the naked eye. They are round in shape. After a few days 
 they ^ow long and signs of life may be seen in them. After this the head and hinder part turn black ; 
 then the legs begin to appear and the whole body becomes black. Lastly, the wings appear and the fly is 
 perfect. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : I have heard some complaints of the leaves of turnips 
 being eaten off by a worm — some say the army worm. 
 
 Thomas Tellford, Ennismore, Peterborough : A turnip worm has done much harm to our crop. It 
 appeared at first like a dark speck beneath the blade, and continued to grow of a pale green color without 
 spots, but never came to a butterfly that I could see. The tops were destroyed, and the turnips never grew 
 after being attacked. 
 
 \ 
 
 STOCK AND DAIRY. 
 
 T. L. Pardo, Raleigh, Kent : I think there will be more stock fattened than usual this winter, as coarse 
 grains are plentiful and very cheap ; it will not pay to sell them, and perhaps' will not pay to feed them, as 
 beef is almost sure to be low next spring. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Farmers are boiling up their potatoes to fatten hogs ; they are 
 worth only from 15 to 20 cents per bushel here. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : I farm 300 acres in North Cayuga, 450 in Seneca, and 250 in 
 Oneida, chiefly stock raising. I find the cattle and horses and hogs quite profitable, but the sheep, owing 
 to the low price of wool, scarcely hold their own. 
 
 John McMillan, Hullett, Huron : The dry summer and fall weather has shown the necessity of farmers 
 sowing some kind of feed for soiling purposes. Corn is the best adapted for early fall feed, but should be 
 taken off before the fall frosts set ih, as they spoil it. In dry seasons I think mangolds a surer crop than 
 turnips, but they must be taken in before severe frost. 
 
 G. E. Cresswell, Tuokersmith, Huron : Considerable cattle will be stall-fed this winter. Numbers of 
 farmers could not get their cattle in proper condition for sale, owing to the drought. Large quantities of 
 lean cattle have been sold for the American and English market as stookers. 
 
 James Johnston, Carrick, Bruce : The dairy industry is gradually gaining ground. In this township 
 we have two cheese factories and two creameries. Cheese for the last two years seems to be in greater favour 
 than butter^ but only I think on account of an apparently greater profit, few considering the real value of 
 the skim milk left on the farms of those who patronize the creameries. 
 
 Robert Russell, Greenock, Bruce : There was a general complaint about the quality of the early butter. 
 Merchants say there was not a pound of good butter to be had till the fall rains set in. 
 
 Wm. Milne, Osprey, Grey : In a few years there will be a vast change in the class of cattle here. Till 
 lately the cheapest bulls were used, and those who ventured to get thoroughbred ones were not patronized ; 
 but when buyers collected their droves about the hotel yards, farmers bringing in cattle were made to see 
 and feel the difference between a scrub and a good grade. Now there are a number of thoroughbred Durham 
 bulls all well patronized. The same may be said of horses. At our show colts were numerous, and some 
 very fine. 
 
 W. H. Ryan, Normanby, Grey : Too much cropping here and not enough feeding of fat cattle, though 
 we are improving in this respect. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey ; A large amount of butter is made in this section, and while much of it is fit 
 ' for the- table of a prince there is, I fear, a large amount of very inferior butter put on the market. Indis- 
 criminate buying by storekeepers is the chief cause of the mischief, for when bad butter commands the same 
 price as good there is no incentive to improvement. 
 
 W. W. ColweU, Easa, Simooe : I think owing to the low prices ruling for wheat especially, this fall, 
 and the conviction generally felt that unless under some very exceptional circumstances the high prices of 
 soihe former years are never likely again to return in consequence of the great increase of production pro- 
 bable in the North-West and other wheat-producing countries. Farmers are turning their attention more to 
 stock-raising, and fruit and dairy products, and will continue to do so. 
 
 Thomas Shipley, East Williams, Middlesex : If it is possible for you, try to further the advantages of 
 shipping stock to Britain, as regards space, freight, insurance, etc. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : A partial system of soiling is on the increase because it pays, and those 
 who practice the system know it does. Large quantities of bran are fed during the summer. 
 
22 
 
 Wm. Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : A very large quantity of barley will be fed owing to low prices 
 and bad colour and condition. But I believe the farmer will make more money by feeding to stock than 
 selling at present prices. 
 
 T. McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Barley will be fed more than usual on account of colour and low price. 
 Black barley is being grown by some for feeding purposes and is said to give good returns. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : The Experimental Parm creamery has made a very vigorous start, 
 and satisfactory terms with farmers. Farmers are carefully weighing the importance of improved pastures, 
 less wheat and better live stock. 
 
 George F. Lewis, Saltfleet, Wentworth : I think it would be better if farmers would turn their attention 
 more to stock and dairy, especially stock. Either horses (heavy draught or roadsters), cattle or sheep, 
 would pay better than so much grain. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : I think the practice is becoming more and more prevalent of 
 keeping hogs always in good condition, so that when sufficiently ^grown they are fit to kill, the process being 
 repeated all through the cool season, as the animals mature and the market invites. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousy, Peel : The fanners of this locality are paying much more attention to the 
 rearing and fattening of cattle than they did some years ago. Farmers who used to raise one or two calves 
 now rear six or sexen in a season. 
 
 John Beasley, King, York : I am under the impression that a great deal of grain will be fed on the 
 farm this year. I have heard some farmers say they will feed their wild goose wheat, and are buying stock 
 for that purpose. 
 
 A. J. Brooks, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : This country has run all to barley for years back, with no 
 stock or roots, but it will have to change soon. 
 
 T)r. Elkington, Palmerston and Canonto, Frontenac : This is a wild, rooky country, with beaver meadow 
 intervals. It can never be an agricultural section, but if the flats, marshes and meadows were drained and 
 seeded down for winter keep, it ought to raise very superior cattle. Dogs and wolves destroy the sheep. 
 
 Alex. Thomson, Yonge Front, Leeds : I certainly think we are behind in some things in this township ; 
 the breed of cattle, for instance, for dairy purposes. I think the Jerseys and Short-horns are superior to 
 the common breed used in this township. 
 
 J. 0. Rutherford, Oxford, Grenville : Our township is fast going into dairying, and less grain for market 
 every year. 
 
 John N. Poole, Crosby North, Leeds and Grenville : Thnre has been a good deal of sickness among the 
 cattle this season — more than usual — and some have died. The complaints are new. 
 
 A. M. Campbell, Kenyon, Glengarry : Milch cows properly handled will produce 4,000 pounds of milk 
 during the six months our cheese factories are in operation. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : Ours is not a township of wheat. Our soil is mostly a sandy loam. 
 This year the wheat is a wonderful crop — we have such a crop about one year in five. Our farmers are going 
 more into dairying of late. 
 
 James Wylie, East Hawkesbury, Prescott : Butchers of Montreal take cattle and sheep down to their 
 market in good lots every week, and will find some more every week. 
 
 James McGregor, Wollaston, Hastings : I think horses do better on alternate feeds of boiled barley and 
 oats than on oats alone. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendenaf a, Hastings : Farmers have been lately increasing their stock. 
 
 John Bailey, Laxton, Victoria : Our farmers here are too careless about improving their stock. They 
 are losing hundreds of dollars annually by not having their homed cattle graded with Durham. Good beef 
 cattle and g»od steers of any age command a good price, and this township is well adapted for raising stock. 
 We have good pure water, and the grass springs up early in the season. I have known cattle to be turned 
 into the woods as soon as the snow went off, and they did well. 
 
 John Hollingworth, Watts, Miiskoka : Stock is generally taken here as you can catch them, fat or not, 
 and butchered. The supply is likely to be sufficient for local demand, but owing to the building of the rail- 
 way that demand is greater than usual, 
 
 John Young,' Armour, Parry Sound : Live stock in general are in good condition. Owing to the build" 
 ing of the Pacific Junction Railway there is going to be a good market. 
 
 LABOUR AND WAGES. 
 
 Robert Manery, Mersea, Essex : The reason wages must fall is that farm produce being so low in price 
 farmers will not hire, and if they do wages must correspond with the prices of farm produce. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Wages are likely to fall, as there are no public works going on in these 
 parts. 
 
 James Macfarlane, Raleigh, Kent : The supply of domestic servants is always Umited hereabouts 
 Dwelling houses for married labourers are here much wanted. ^ 
 
 C. DarUng, Howard, Kent : I think wages are likely to fall on account of the low prices of produce, 
 and the introduction of self-binders, which relieves farmers of the dread of being unable to eet the wheat 
 
 and oat cron BTineHilv in ' ° "= " "iiuov 
 
 and oat crop speedily in. 
 
23 
 
 Eobert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : If produce remains low in price farm labourers must accept 
 lower wages. Wheat at seventy cents, corn at thirty cents, beans at eighty-five cents, and wages at from 
 twenty to twenty-two dollars per month and board, are not in proportion. 
 
 David Caughell, Harwich, Kent : Girls are scarce — very hard to engage a good one. 
 
 W. McKenzie Ross, Harwich, Kent : Wages are likely to fall, as » large part of the work is done by 
 machines. 
 
 ,A. J. C. Shaw, Canudenj Kent : The supply of labourers being adequate, many farmers using machinery, 
 and" the price of produce being so low, farmers cannot pay as big wages as formeiiy. 
 
 Francis Gifford, Camden, Kent: Wages will fall in all probability, owing to non-emigration to the 
 North-West and general depression. 
 
 John L. Sherk, South Dorchester, Elgin : Men were hunting for work this harvest. I think there is 
 not difference enough made in men's wages ; a good man receives fair wages, and a poor hand expects the 
 same, and the farmer has to work hard hinlself to help the poor hand to earn his salary. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Labourers have been getting high wages in the past ; farmers can- 
 not afford to pay the same now, hence there is considerable grumbling on the part of labourers. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : More cottages wanted for married labourers. 
 
 Daniel MoKillop^ Aldborough, Elgin : The rate of labourers' wages is likely to fall, on account of the 
 general depreciation m value of everything a farmer has to sell ; consequently labourers can support their 
 families at much less expense. 
 
 James Morrison, WaJsingham, Norfolk : I think wages will have to fall according to prices of grain. 
 
 J. H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : The farmers are well supplied with working machinery ; many 
 self-binders were introduced last season. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : Binding machines are pretty fuUy introduced, and also single-furrow 
 sulky ploughs. All give promise of good work, and the investment paying a fair interest in use. Domestic 
 servants fearfully scarce and wages high. 
 
 S. H. VanEvery, Pelham, Welland : The farmer's hired man is the only person who has ready money ; 
 farm wages require to be reduced. 
 
 E. W. Fares, Humberstone, Welland : I think the rate of wages must come down, at the price of the 
 products of the farm. Domestic servants are scarce. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Sertie, Welland : The supply of domestic servants limited ; good ones hardly obtainable 
 at any price. 
 
 F. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Servant girls always inadequate to the demand. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Wages will probably fall as food is cheap and farm produrta 
 scarcely remunerative. There is a very great deficiency of domestic servants. Respectable and well to do 
 families are entirely without them, and wiU do without them unless they can get good girls who respect 
 themselves and understand their duties. * 
 
 J. Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : Wages not likely to rise owing to the price of produce being low, and 
 the introduction of labour-saving machines, such as self-binders, hay-forks and hay-loaders. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Men are hunting for employment. Do not think wages will rise for 
 a time. One reason is that produce sells at such a low price that farmers are not inchned nor able to pay 
 former prices. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Wages will fall, because there are too many applicants. 
 
 J B Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : Farm labourers abundant. Wages must fall in proportion to the fall 
 in grain, live stock, etc. One half will be out of employment this winter. 
 
 John Anderson, Tumberry, Huron : Wages not likely to rise as there are no pubUc works going on. 
 But a good deal of wood wUl likely be out this year, as grain prices are very low. 
 
 John Hannah, Tuckersmith, Huron : If any change in wages there will be a fall, as the lumbering in 
 Michigan is dull. 
 
 James Campbell, Stanley, Huron : There is not so much demand for farm-hands as there are a good 
 many ^u'binSis and laboursaving machines, and fine weather to do work. Wages likete to faU equal to 
 other things. Lots of domestic servants to marry— none to hire. ^ 
 
 John MoMiUan, HuUett, Huron : Wages are Ukely to fall. More binders, hay-loaders and machines 
 generally used, and farm produce being cheap, farmers are grazing more and cultivating less. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : Wages more likely to fall. American lumber camps are dull, so that 
 few will go there for the winter as they usually do. 
 
 John Herriot, Elderslie, Bruce : Wages are likely to fall owing to the low price of grain, and fanners 
 are going more into cattle-raising. Domestic servants scarce. 
 
 Thomas Shipley, East Williams, Middlesex : Wages will rise because many are leaving for the North" 
 West 
 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex: Wages Hkely to fall. Country full of men, and labour-saving 
 machines coming in use. i j, t 
 
 R. Coad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Wages are tending downwards, the result of low prices of produce. 1 
 think that if more married men were employed by farmers it would be better. 
 
 W. Sutherland, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Domestic servants not very plenty, as the high wages in Detroit 
 interfere. 
 
24 
 
 James S. Grant, Biddulph, Middlesex : The relations of farmer and farm-servant are generally satis- 
 faotory, the greatest difficulty being the freedom with which servants can break their engagements and leave 
 their employers in time of greatest need. 
 
 Henry Gough, Metcalfe, Middlesex : Wages will fall — there is a surplus of labourers. 
 
 Caverhill, Bros., Lobo, Middlesex : Wages likely to fall, for produce is low and money scarce. Farm- 
 ers are doing nothing more than is absolutely necessary for the carrying on of their business. The supply 
 exceeds the demand. 
 
 Peter Stewart, West Williams, Middlesex : As the demand for lumbermen is small our labouring men 
 will be at home, and work at home is likely to be of less extent than last year. 
 
 J. Smith, jr., Blandford, Oxford : Low prices and improved machinery are not' likely to produce a rise, 
 but other causes — first amongst them, new territory to occupy — will likely prevent much of a fall in wages. 
 Expect they will rule a little lower next season. The relations between good bosses and good servants are 
 satisfactory. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : The introduction of self -binding reapers has to a great extent relieved 
 the farmers of dependence on labourers. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantf ord, Brant : There are not near enough domestic servants. Fully twice as many 
 could find employment. 
 
 W. B. Freeborn, Mornington, Perth : Wages are likely to fall, as farmers generally will be getting self- 
 binders, which will enable them to take off their harvest with less help ; and a great many farmers formerly 
 hired a man for six or seven months principally to have him secured for the harvest. 
 
 James Crerar, North Easthope, Perth : Wages are likely to fall because wheat a'nd other grains are 
 going down, and also on account of so many self-binders. 
 
 John Gillespie, North Dumfries, Waterloo : I think that. there should be some endeavourmade to obtain 
 a larger supply of domestic servants. Sometimes it is impossible to get them at all at any price. 
 
 T. McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Wages about stationary — if anything, incline to fall, as a good many 
 unemployed of second-class are offering. 
 
 Wm. Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : Supply of domestic servants not equal to demand. In fact good 
 servant girls can scarcely be got. 
 
 Robert Hay ward, Arthur, Wellington : More improvements would be made in this township if labourers 
 were more plentiful. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : There is now a great deal of machinery used, and prices are so low for 
 produce that farmers cannot afford to pay high wages. 
 
 . J- Hiokling, Artemesia and Osprey, Grey : The supply of farm labourers was not equal to the demand 
 untU the last few days, when some immigrants came in of the better class — good farm hands. I applied to 
 an immigrant agent and got two first-class young men. 
 
 Andrew Grier, Collingwood, Grey : The*ate of wages is likely to fall on account of a number of our 
 young men returning from Manitoba and the North- West. Girls for housework are very scarce. 
 
 Robert Oliver, Artemesia, Grey : Wages are likely to fall, owing to low prices of grain, etc. The 
 farmers find it more profitable to raise stock, engage in dairying, etc., than to pay high waees for workins 
 so much land. r ./ <» . b 
 
 W. D. Anderson, Nottawasaga and Mulmur, Rimcoe and Dufferin : Farmers and servants do not get 
 along as they should. The farmers try to get too much work out of the men, and the men watch the 
 farmers necessity and drive hard bargains for big pay. To remedy this evil farmers must build comfortable 
 tenement houses and employ more married men, paying fair wages per annum. 
 
 John Blasdell, Beverley, Wentworth : The abundant immigration of farm hands is likely to lead to a 
 fall of wages. ' 
 
 Da.niel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : Wages are likely to be lower because the supply has overtaken the 
 demand, and our staple crops, wheat and barley, are likely to be lower in future. 
 
 Archibald MoKinnon, Galedon, Peel : Binders lowered wages fifty per cent, when put in the field. 
 . ^."W"'.- Kerse^Toronto Gore, Peel : There is too much grain grown iii this locality, which leaves no work 
 in the winter se^n, and makes the farm servant a kind of migratory being, which is not very satisfactory. 
 
 W. J Dods, Galedon, Peel : For short terms in summer the binders cut down wages and the number 
 of men ; but very httle change in men for the whole summer. ""*"=» 
 
 Joseph D Davidson, North Gwillimbury, York : Wages in harvest will not, I think, be as high as they 
 have been, as the number of self-binders now in use lessens the amount of help required to a great extent. 
 
 * £• ?'f ^''"''fiS^' w •?!;' w^°r^°*3 ^°^^ \ '"^?g«\likely to fall ; supply greater than demand : many have 
 returned from the North-West, and owing to the shutting down of the mills many have returned from the 
 lumbering districts in Ontario and Michigan. ".-o loi-uiuou iimu me 
 
 N. A. Malloy, Vaughan, York : Wages are likely to fall, owing to the extensive use of labour-savine 
 machinery and the present low prices of grain. i»"our saving 
 
 vant?are"::i| iXpendtl'rd J<^^oe. ^"''^ ""'* """^ ^""^ °" '"•=°""* "' *« '°^ P"<=« °' ^-"- ^er- 
 
 the larg'^-imrg^aioSoatnshfp*"" "' "^''^ '° '*"' ""'"^ *° '""^ '^'^'^"^ -« "^ --•^-^ -1 
 
 „»„^V"^?T'' Ma""^^*™.. York : On account of the low pric. of produce, farmers won't pay the 'former 
 wages to labourers, but will use labour-saving machinery and seed to grass. The time is comSig when S' 
 
25 
 
 hands will have to board themaelves. The supply of domestic servants is miserable. A change must take 
 place m this respect, or farmers will have to quit farming unless they have a family of girls. 
 
 A. Forster, Markham, York : Wages are likely to fall, on account of the self-binders, the low prices of 
 gram, and the greater attention paid to stock-raising ; but only the wages for the summer will be much 
 affected. We want more men by the year. The self-binding machine has done more towards helping the 
 farmer at the very time he most needs help than anything that has been introduced during the last fifty 
 years ; we need no more hands at harvest-time than at any other part of the summer. 
 
 ■5. Hoages, Whitby, Ontario : The raie of wages is likely to fall ; there are more men than can 
 get steady work ; also prices of grain are low, and farmers are doing all the work they can without hiring. 
 Thomas Cain, Scott, Ontario : Wages are likely to fall, in consequence of being excessive with wheat 
 seventy cents a bushel, and labourers will be supplanted by self-binders. 
 
 John Foy, Reach, Ontario : The rate of wages appears to be falling ; the supply is large, and the 
 markets are very low. 
 
 Eobtert C. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : Wages are fa,lling. The low prices both for lumber and farm 
 produce check improvement. 
 
 Wm. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : The difficulty of getting farm hands in harvest time has induced 
 many farmers to get aelf-bmders, which has removed the difficulty. Labourers would rather be idle than 
 work for reduced wages. Domestic servants always in demand. 
 
 Robert Colville, Clarke, Durham : Wages are not likely to rise— cause, at present labour hands suffi- 
 cient, winter soon setting in, and farm produce low, 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : The rate of wages must fall if the low price of grain continues. The 
 relations of farmer and servant are not satisfactory m this locality, as farm hands expect to obtain as much 
 money for six months' labour as the farmer can afford to pay for twelve, and go idle the remaining six months 
 of the year. 
 
 E. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : Domestic servants are very scarce. 
 
 F. Bonnycastle, Seymour, Northuinberland : Wages of farm labourers likely to fall, on account of low 
 wages in the shanties. 
 
 M. Morden, Brighton, Northumberland ; Wages are likely to fall in consequence of a surplus of 
 labourers. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox : Wages are likely to fall, as the labour produced by the construction 
 of railroads and other public works has ceased. 
 
 Leonard Wager, Sheffield, Addington : Wages likely to rise. Hands are all going to the lumber woods. 
 
 B. Tett, Bedford, Frontenao : The wages of farm labourers are likely to fall. The demand for labourers 
 in Canada and the United States appears to be dull. Domestic servants, as a rule, are hard to get. They 
 do not care to work for farmers, as the wages are low and the work hard. 
 
 Dr. Elkington, Palmerston and Canonto, Frontenao: Our girls are drained off by boarding-houses, 
 villages and distant towns. 
 
 James P. Fox, Winchester, Dundas : I think wages are likely to fall, owing to low prices. 
 
 D. McDearmid, M.D., Kenyon, Gr'engarry : Great difficulty in securing servant girls. Those who go 
 to service find employment in the cities and in the State of New York. 
 
 James Clarjc, Kenyon, Glengarry : Wages are likely to fall. Lumbering is very slack this fall, and a 
 great many have returned from the State?, not being able to obtain employment. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : We have very few farm servants. Our farmers generally by the 
 aid of machinery do their own wo»k. 
 
 Neil Stewart, Goulboum, Carlton : With binders, mowers and horse rakes, we are not in need of hired 
 hands. 
 
 Edmund Anderson, Lanark, Lanark : Farm machinery has reduced the need for much hired help. I 
 think wages are likely to fall on account of dullness in the timber market. 
 
 W. Patersoh, Ramsay, Lanark : Binders are getting plenty ; hired hands less sought after. 
 
 John S. Hart, Drummond, Lanark : Domestic servants very scarce and in great demand in towns and 
 villages at from $5 to $10 per month. 
 
 A. Smallfield, Horton, etc., Renfrew : Wages likely to fall on account of the low prices of produce, and 
 also because by the completion of railway construction in this neighbourhood the supply of labourers will 
 probably exceed the demand. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : Servant girls of the right stamp are very scarce. 
 
 John Stewart, McNab, Renfrew : Wages will fall, as the timber trade, which employs a great many men 
 in the Ottawa valley, is dull, and some of the railways are nearing completion, and will throw many men 
 upon the farm. 
 
 A. Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : Wages likely to fall, as lumbering is not so brisk. 
 
 A. Schultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew ; Wages likely to be high so long as work on the C. P. R. continues. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew : Wages are not likely to rise, the district having had a fair share of 
 excellent German immigrants ; besides, the Kingston and Pembroke Railway being nearly completed will 
 probably discharge a great many men. 
 
 Thomas H. Blanohard, Sidney, Hastings : Wages are likely to fall, because the business will not 
 afford such wages as have been paid in previous years, as well as because of the introduction of ms^hinery. 
 
26 
 
 Wm. Hilton, Marmora, Hastings : No domestic servants to be had. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Mindeu, Haliburton : Wages are lower here, owing to the great reduction in lum- 
 bermen's wages, which govern this locality. 
 
 Charles E. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Wages will probably fall, by reason of so little lumbering. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterborough : Wages are likely to fall, as many farmers are curtailing their 
 acreage of grain ; also owing to the number of machines now used. 
 
 William Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria : Wages are likely to fall, because the farmers are getting self- 
 binders. Domestic servants are rather scarce. 
 
 John Bailey, Laxton, Victoria : Wages are falling, as not much lumbering is going to be done this 
 winter, and the price of grain is very low. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : The tendency of wages is to fall ; reports from a distance have that 
 bearing, and the demand for the lumber shanties is not so pressing as in former years. 
 
 Donald Grant, Mouck, Muskoka : Wages are likely to rise, as the railway is going on here just now. 
 
 W. H. Green, Sinclair, Muskoka : Wages will rise about the first of April, as we are having a railway 
 built, and will get good prices for our produce, and will want hands to clear more land. 
 
 James Early, Chaffey, Muskoka : Wages are likely to come down this winter, there are so many 
 Italians in this district working on the railway. 
 
 D. Macf arlane, Toley, Parry Sound : The rate of wages vrill fall ; lumbering is dull, and we are ruled 
 by it. 
 
 John Young, Armour, Parry Sound : Farm labour at present is not very plentiful, owing to the con- 
 struction of the railway, and wages are likely to keep up. 
 
 MARKETS AND PRICES. 
 
 George Leak, Rochester, Essex : This season, so far as crops are concerned, has been very favourable to 
 farmers, but the price of wheat being so low a good many feel a little discouraged. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich East, Essex : My impression is, that if a change does not occur, enabling us 
 to sell our produce at reasonable prices, a general depression will certainly be the result of such low prices. 
 
 John Bishop, Orf ord, Kent : This has been the best season I ever knew. Crops are good if prices are 
 low, and farmers are clearing off their old debts and incurring very few new ones. 
 
 Alex. Clark, Dunwioh, Elgin : Owing to last year's scarcity, and this year's low price, prospects for 
 farmers are very poor. Upon the whole they are as well off as the merchants. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : The crops have been good, but the farmer will have to economize 
 on account of the low prices for all sorts of f ann produce. With those paying high rents the effect is already 
 visible. 
 
 Daniel McKillop, Aldborough, Elgin : Prices for farm produce and stock are and have been tor some time 
 very low, and it was with considerable difficulty that farmers could be persuaded that they would have to 
 accept those low prices in order to effect a sale. They are now convinced that low prices must rule, and 
 produce and stock are moving quite freely. There is a large percentage of young stock, such as store cattle 
 and lambs, being shipped to Buffalo. 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, Wardsville, P.O., Elgin and Middlesex: The outlook for the future is very dark. 
 Many heretofore well-to-do farmers and mechanics do not know how to make ends meet. The failure of crops 
 in 1883 brought them up standing, and now they must go to the wall. Farms are in the market on all hands. 
 
 Duncan Schooley, Bertie, Welland : Taking the whole crop into consideration, it is extra, the yield 
 being large and the sample good ; but the prices are so low that the farmers are worse off than they were last 
 year with a small yield and better prices. 
 
 William Parker, Stamford, Welland : Everything is dull here, owing to the failure of crops last year 
 and the low prices ruling at present, and they will not improve until the farmers accept the situation and 
 sell their produce, if they can get buyers. 
 
 Wm. Watcher, Dorchester, Middlesex : I believe large quantities of grain will be held over on account 
 of present low prices, which will cause wheat to be cheap another year, even if crops should partly fail. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : The season closes on a large return of all the staple crops, but the 
 feeling is very dull, prices being so low that there is not a paying return for any. Those who were fortunate 
 enough to be pretty heavy in peaches are the only exceptions. 
 
 Frank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : The present year has been all a farmer could vidsh for, so far as good 
 crops are concerned ; but the extraordinarily low price of all kinds of farm produce will be greatly felt by all 
 who have rents to pay, or debt of any kind to meet this winter. 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : The price of wheat in all probability will be lower in time to come, 
 on account of the vast supplies likely to come from Manitoba and the North- West, and from India. 
 
 F. 0. Sibbaldj M.D., Georgina, York : Crops have been generally good ; but owing to low prices many 
 farmers will find it difficult to meet their expenses, and be obliged to abridge their outlay on improvements. 
 Consequently many men will be thrown out of employment. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Wheat of all kinds has not been so low in price since I came to 
 Canada, over 28 years ago. With the short crop here last year and the low price this season it is very hard 
 to make ends meet, especially on rented farms. 
 
27 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brook, Ontario : There are signs of despondency amongst farmers on account of low 
 prices. 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham : There never was a more abundant crop in this part of the 
 country than this season, and it seems there never was less demand. The mills and storehouses are full of 
 grain, and but few care to buy ; hence, stagnation. 
 
 E. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : Farmers are complaining of hard times, crops being rather 
 below the average and prices of all kinds of farm produce low. 
 
 Edwin Wensley, Denbigh, Lennox and Addington : Grain all sold to the lumbermen of the neighbour' 
 hood. The bulk of the crop is oats, and they find a ready sale here at 40c. per bushel. 
 
 T. R. Melville, Augusta and Edwardsburgh : Those interested in the shipping of butter say there is no 
 demand, caused by the extensive use of oleomargarine in foreign markets. 
 
 Alex. Thompson, Yonge Front, Leeds : I think it an error four times out of five to hold the produce of 
 the farm too long for higher prices, as we in this township have found to our great loss in times gone by. 
 We have come to the conclusion to sell the products of our factories and dairies at least every two weeks, 
 and I think it would be wise to act on the same principle with other productions of the farm, and sell as 
 soon as ready for market. ^ 
 
 James Gay, Huntingdon, Hastings : Times are dull and money is scarce. 
 
 John Westlake, Bldon, Victoria : Good crops but low prices will leave the farmer about where he was 
 last year. 
 
 D. Patterson, McKellar, Parry Sound : Lumbering is dull this winter, consequently prices are low. 
 
 FRUIT. 
 
 Joseph Alton, Strong, Parry Sound : I think it would be a good idea if the Government would send 
 some fruit trees of the hardier V3.rieties to five or six good farmers who would give them a fair trial, for I 
 think fruit can be raised here as well as in other places. 
 
 John S. Hart, Drummond, etc. , Lanark : This is not a f ruit-grovring section, and all fruits have to be 
 brought in. The apple crop of such native seedlings as grow here was very large, and the local market was 
 well supplied, but all the finer varieties have to be imported. Only the native red plum is grown here, and 
 no peaches or pears. I may say that the Fameuse (snow) apple can be grown here to perfection, but is not 
 generally grown. 
 
 BEES AND HONEY. 
 
 William MoCormick, Pelee Island, Essex : We had very little honey this season ; our bees mostly died 
 last winter. We cannot account for the loss. 
 
 C. Darling, Howard, Kent : I hear from most bee people that bees did not do much this season— very 
 late or no swarms, and no surplus honey, and the majority of colonies, I think, are not in good condition 
 on account of the dry fall, there being no fall flowers ; they also stopped breeding early, consequently the 
 bees are old and short of supplies ; and should we have a severe winter I look for a great mortality among 
 bees, as but few apiarians pack during the winter months. Packing in chaff or sawdust, or any material 
 that has been made perfectly dry, is one of the greatest essentials in successful bee-keeping. 
 
 Richard Manning, Tecumseth, Simooe : As for bees, I can only speak for myself. I took 550 lbs. from 
 five colonies to start with, and now I have fourteen. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew : Bees are rather extensively kept, but the old box here everywhere 
 prevails. The bees swarmed very sparingly, and the honey supply failed early, the season being dry. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 > 
 
 James Maofarlane, Raleigh, Kent : Our farmers fail to organize and maintain well-managed farmers 
 clubs. 
 
 John Dickie, Orford, Kent : A considerable portion of this township consists of light sandy or gravelly 
 soil, which farmers do not think is benefited by fall ploughing. They are perfectly nght in that. 
 
 G. R. Langford, Camden, Kent : Fencing against all stock is very expensive with the present mode of 
 fencing. We require a cheaper mode, then every farmer will fence against the stock that is lett to run the 
 woods, etc. 
 
 J. H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : The farmers in this neighbourhood have gone considerably 
 into tree-planting along the highways and line fences, and are improving their buildings. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : It is a well-known fact that many farmers have suffered severe loss by 
 sowing inferior seed on their land the past season. Good seed grain will, no doubt, be much sought after. 
 Would it not be well for those who are able to supply such to advertise ? 
 
28 
 
 John MoOauley, Elma, Perth : Plow in the fall deep. Plow again shallow in the spring and you will 
 have no thistles. 
 
 Danid McLaren^ Nelson, Halton : The barley industry is likely to succeed in inverse ratio to the 
 success of the Scott Act agitation. 
 
 Thomas Brown, Markham, York : The east riding of York gives prizes for roots in the field. The 
 judges go to the field, pull up and weigh a portion, and estimate the weight per acre. This year mangolds 
 went over 59 tons per acre, and carrots 39 tons. 
 
 E. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : Considerable improvements have been made in building this 
 summer stone walls under barns, etc. 
 
 Dr. Elkington, Palmerston and Canonto, Frontenac : No fall wheat sown ; only seven acres in the whole 
 municipality. So long as the bush shelter remained and clearances were small, this grain was most success- 
 fully raised here. It fails now. 
 
 William A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : Wealth and happiness reign supreme here. We are now 
 carrying the Scott Act — next prohibition. If this county takes the money we used to spend for whiskey, 
 and tile-drain our farms, we will be a happy people then. 
 
 A. D. Aird, Kenyon, Glengarry : There is a settlement of French-Canadians a little to the north of us, 
 who raise a great deal of peas for soup and market, and some days as many as 100 teams were seen passing 
 to MaxvUle station, C.A.II. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : This whole district is fairly prosperous, but it is due, not to 
 farming, but to the forest crop— lumbering and taking out ties, fuel, poles, and so forth. 
 
 James Early, Chafltey, Muskoka : Our prospects are brightening ; the railway is booming along very 
 fast. 
 
 Erederiok N. Toye, Draper, Muskoka : There has been quite a lot of lumbering done in this locality 
 for somR years past, and the farmers have given their attention principally to raising supplies for the lumber- 
 men, such as hay, oats, potatoes, etc. , 
 
 W. D. White, Medora, Muskoka : This part of the country is rather behind yet in everything but roots. 
 We are, however, improving, and getting thoroughbred bulls to improve our stock. The shorthorn Durham 
 takes the lead. 
 
 George B. Meredith, Franklin, Muskoka : It is expected that when the railroad from Gravenhurst to 
 Callendar is finished it will be a great advantage to this part of the district, as we shall then be able to get 
 our surplus grain to market. 
 
STATISTICS OF 
 
 CROP PRODUCTS, MARKET PRICES AND 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
30 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 TABLE No. I. — Showing by Oounty Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and 
 produce of rail Wheat and Spring Wheat in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk . . . . 
 Haldimand . 
 Welland.... 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Lambton . 
 Huron . . . 
 Bruce 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Grey . . . 
 Simcoe . 
 
 Totals , 
 
 Middlesex . . 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington . 
 Waterloo . . . 
 DufEerin . . . 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 -Durham 
 
 Northumberland . 
 Prince Edward . . . 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Lennox and Addington . 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Garleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 jFAi/ii Wheat. 
 
 80,679 
 <B0,316 
 41,061 
 32,781 
 31,019 
 19,367 
 
 216,213 
 
 30,963 
 61,372 
 48,28S 
 
 140,623 
 
 61,324 
 
 71,883 
 
 66,760 
 36,280 
 32,246 
 39,366 
 23,705 
 38,688 
 10,366 
 
 Bush. 
 
 1,337,208 
 810,134 
 709,709 
 661,635 
 446,211 
 
 4,667,227 
 
 609,042 
 1,642,892 
 1,036,260 
 
 3,188,194 
 
 438,318 
 l,358,r~ 
 
 1,796,361 
 
 247,288 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough . 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Pariy Sound . 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals. 
 Thb Pkovince . 
 
 19,602 
 30,642 
 21,168 
 25,832 
 36,178 
 9,622 
 1,837 
 7,619 
 1,701 
 
 163,991 
 
 1,768 
 2,132 
 4,817 
 620 
 873 
 438 
 48 
 295 
 316 
 
 13,692 
 
 7,343 
 
 21 
 6,089 
 
 22,085 
 
 65, 
 
 864,740 
 
 1,691,320 
 941,103 
 811,284 
 
 1,078,207 
 567,498 
 997,600 
 225,532 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 34,370 
 66,617 
 61,683 
 32,630 
 33,498 
 23,841 
 
 241,639 
 
 37,428 
 80,886 
 69,606 
 
 177,920 
 
 61,952 
 
 95,238 
 
 6,212,444 
 
 466,136 
 866,398 
 601,099 
 749,128 
 1,067,613 
 264,213 
 
 40,524 
 184,216 
 
 36,619 
 
 4,254,945 
 
 33,692 
 
 37,960 
 
 90,704 
 
 10,143 
 
 15,749 
 
 8,948 
 
 904 
 
 6,602 
 
 7,025 
 
 7,462 
 
 33.285 
 
 261,264 
 
 133,129 
 
 196,896 
 
 352 
 
 125,433 
 
 456,810 
 
 478 
 715 
 
 20,717,631 
 
 88,811 
 43,863 
 33,047 
 48,347 
 36,811 
 42,670 
 16,619 
 
 Bush. 
 
 443,373 
 656,176 
 677,730 
 293,670 
 224,437 
 183,576 
 
 2,378,956 
 
 359,309 
 690,468 
 624,533 
 
 1,474,310 
 
 319,546 
 
 675,277 
 
 994,823 
 
 310,058 
 
 24,602 
 36,219 
 26,387 
 30,342 
 48,148 
 18,426 
 
 6,152 
 12,117 
 
 3,655 
 
 203,948 
 
 2,647 
 
 2,911 
 
 7,966 
 
 2,763 
 
 829 
 
 871 
 
 19 
 
 452 
 
 4,' 
 
 3,108 
 
 6,310 
 
 31,534 
 
 14.210 
 
 13,069 
 
 43 
 
 9,127 
 
 36,440 
 
 43 
 452 
 
 624 
 
 1,097,210 
 
 923,634 
 359,696 
 360,298 
 348,098 
 434,370 
 468,270 
 202,512 
 
 8,086,777 
 
 179,696 
 454,325 
 327,199 
 449,062 
 606,665 
 246,066 
 
 79,341 
 190,237 
 
 39,816 
 
 2,671,306 
 
 44,672 
 60,661 
 
 134,456 
 48,905 
 16,248 
 13,936 
 380 
 6,961 
 66,798 
 58,430 
 
 112,572 
 
 552,«09 
 
 193,940 
 
 216,639 
 
 430 
 
 173,413 
 
 588,422 
 
 415 
 
 632 
 
 8,407 
 
 9,454 
 
 11,656,957 
 
 SpniNa Wheat. 
 
 18S4. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 2,954 
 2,017 
 1,176 
 3,832 
 3,012 
 
 16.583 
 
 7,851 
 30,038 
 17,082 
 
 Bush. 
 
 47,919 
 69,819 
 44,635 
 20,786 
 72,501 
 67,740 
 
 303,300 
 
 64,971 
 
 63,372 
 36,503 
 
 88,875 
 
 19,603 
 19,064 
 
 1,778 
 25,081 
 29,830 
 
 9,349 
 21,234 
 
 126,939 
 
 4,671 
 
 6,047 
 
 6,169 
 
 16,157 
 
 32,628 
 
 64,763 
 
 61,236 
 
 36,286 
 
 8,946 
 
 214,892 
 
 9,981 
 
 16,35$ 
 
 4,433 
 
 4,259 
 
 7,424 
 
 7,349 
 
 4,660 
 
 23,076 
 
 24,162 
 
 13,879 
 
 122,866 
 
 37,495 
 
 27,951 
 
 956 
 
 22,863 
 
 89,266 
 
 1,688 
 1,961 
 6,608 
 
 9,267 
 
 721,647 
 
 166,620 
 641,612 
 310,209 
 
 1,118,341 
 
 971,904 
 749,468 
 
 1,721,372 
 
 462,241 
 463,827 
 38,743 
 599,687 
 623,149 
 197,918 
 383,061 
 
 1883. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1,472 
 
 1,174 
 
 614 
 
 686 
 
 1,992 
 
 6,825 
 
 3,731 
 14,053 
 13,016 
 
 30,800 
 
 68,646 
 32,094 
 
 Bush. 
 
 20,608 
 13,601 
 9,947 
 9,360 
 31,076 
 15,709 
 
 100,200 
 
 53,726 
 237,496 
 191,936 
 
 482,667 
 
 926,607 
 619,923 
 
 90,740 
 
 2,758,626 
 
 90,711 
 103,363 
 110,146 
 348,830 
 762,190 
 1,219,024 
 1,008,324 
 663,148 
 161,994 
 
 4,457,729 
 
 148,184 
 176,664 
 296,659 
 105,018 
 88,076 
 136,082 
 156,166 
 102,832 
 542,978 
 475,608 
 284,140 
 
 2,512,207 
 
 676,410 
 
 608,429 
 
 16,019 
 
 879,983 
 
 1,679,841 
 
 27,244 
 37,534 
 93,467 
 
 168.245 
 
 14,609,661 
 
 7,136 
 1,090 
 13,606 
 21,044 
 4,751 
 20,402 
 
 71,952 
 
 1,247 
 1,604 
 2,912 
 13,466 
 25,160 
 45,582 
 43,429 
 32.506 
 
 172,884 
 
 7,561 
 
 8,681 
 
 14,156 
 
 3,943 
 
 3,1 
 
 7,132 
 
 8,139 
 
 5,409 
 
 22,490 
 
 27,081 
 
 14,236 
 
 122,452 
 
 36,126 
 
 23,421 
 
 1,294 
 
 18,200 
 
 79,041 
 
 l,i 
 
 2,809 
 
 7,008 
 
 11,716 
 
 686,410 
 
 1,446,630 
 
 76.714 
 149,142 
 
 16,687 
 251,711 
 347,226 
 
 89,794 
 307,179 
 
 1,236,353 
 
 20,700 
 26,306 
 48,922 
 249,103 
 470,492 
 879,733 
 833,837 
 600,677 ' 
 113,774 
 
 3,143,444 
 
 100,428 
 
 129,347 
 
 196,765 
 
 64,666 
 
 68,720 
 
 104,r40 
 
 108,249 
 
 67,61S 
 
 312,611 
 
 471,209 
 
 182,208 
 
 1,806,645 
 
 649,116 
 
 416,894 
 
 10,362 
 
 342,160 
 
 1,818,621 
 
 28,296 
 44,382 
 119,136 
 
 191,813 
 
 1,726,063 
 
31 
 
 BARLEY AND OATS. 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Sho-wing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Barley and Oats in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 Barlbt. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 ' 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 
 2,601 
 6,253 
 4,807 
 6,384 
 14,867 
 6,219 
 
 70,678 
 146,351 
 140,220 
 194,074 
 379,161 
 150,464 
 
 2,166 
 6,636 
 4,061 
 6,606 
 16,264 
 8,886 
 
 60,468 
 137,346 
 
 87,602 
 167,132 
 276,278 
 
 96,348 
 
 28,334 
 32,796 
 32,991 
 26,372 
 21,487 
 19,281 
 
 1,209,678 
 1,426,683 
 1,419,603 
 1,026,871 
 807,062 
 744,826 
 
 23,216 
 29,421 
 27,026 
 24,874 
 19,964 
 17,470 
 
 863,635 
 
 
 1,160,361 
 
 
 1,062,122 
 
 
 994,960 
 
 HaJdimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 696,396 
 623,679 
 
 
 
 TotalB 
 
 39,021 
 
 1,079,938 
 
 38,607 
 
 815,073 
 
 161,260 
 
 6,633,612 
 
 141,961 
 
 6,391,162 
 
 
 
 
 14,244 
 26,034 
 17,872 
 
 401,638 
 732,336 
 452,162 
 
 15,326 
 33,519 
 19,946 
 
 312,660 
 916,069 
 662,604 
 
 41,976 
 70,212 
 49,,523 
 
 1,864,164 
 2,668,066 
 1,611,478 
 
 31,497 
 72,975 
 63,146 
 
 1,162,790 
 
 
 3,006,670 
 
 
 2,051,397 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 68,160 
 
 1,686,036 
 
 08,791 
 
 1,780,223 
 
 161,711 
 
 6,143,688 
 
 167,617 
 
 6,210,757 
 
 
 22,648 
 28,689 
 
 688,728 
 839,163 
 
 23,771 
 29,199 
 
 616,669 
 763,334 
 
 73,325 
 66,839 
 
 2,378,663 
 2,133,736 
 
 74,872 
 64,017 
 
 2,696,392 
 
 
 2,074,253 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 61,237 
 
 1,427,881 
 
 62,970 
 
 1,369,003 
 
 130,164 
 
 4,612,399 
 
 128,889 
 
 4,769,646 
 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 13,760 
 14,617 
 13,749 
 18,447 
 34,713 
 14,083 
 11,006 
 
 413,626 
 466,676 
 419,894 
 689,013 
 1,064,681 
 448,544 
 296,722 
 
 3,688,956 
 
 17,811 
 19,963 
 14,350 
 23,336 
 32,209 
 16,196 
 9,077 
 
 384,718 
 588,909 
 344,400 
 618,378 
 827,771 
 498,806 
 197,225 
 
 67,188 
 47,306 
 18,198 
 60,467 
 57,165 
 30,973 
 24,945 
 
 2,936,787 
 2,030,341 
 
 838,018 
 2,219,099 
 2,236,332 
 1,261,630 
 
 862,371 
 
 62,866 
 49,101 
 16,383 
 52,366 
 69,267 
 31,666 
 23,499 
 
 2,810,110 
 
 
 2,302,837 
 
 
 669,663 
 
 Perth 
 
 2,193,7^6 
 
 
 2,240,293 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 1,378,964 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 849,704 
 
 Totals 
 
 120,376 
 
 132,940 
 
 3,460,207 
 
 296,221 
 
 12,373,478 
 
 294,977 
 
 12,446,267 
 
 
 
 liincoln 
 
 6,480 
 11,186 
 11,118 
 30,216 
 47,962 
 31 056 
 39,737 
 42,848 
 39,966 
 
 143,795 
 
 337,461 
 
 330,316 
 
 834,840 
 
 1,526,792 
 
 930,127 
 
 1,136,478 
 
 1,048,919 
 
 830,266 
 
 4,382 
 10,062 
 12,113 
 30,069 
 60,213 
 33,961 
 38,408 
 44,213 
 43,860 
 
 106,044 
 299,848 
 302,826 
 694,594 
 1,236,240 
 876,194 
 960,200 
 910,788 
 912,080 
 
 18,694 
 29,261 
 17,110 
 26,071 
 68,123 
 43,779 
 32,252 
 27,963 
 14,366 
 
 701,399 
 1,311,771 
 
 680,294 
 1,039,711 
 2,666,087 
 1.696,944 
 1,286,210 
 1,006,190 
 
 487,648 
 
 16,432 
 26,633 
 16,826 
 24,676 
 51,396 
 42,075 
 30,764 
 26,812 
 11,986 
 
 607,984 
 
 
 1,072,386 
 
 
 656,214 
 
 Peel 
 
 1,053,623 
 
 
 2,281,982 
 
 
 1,830,263 
 
 Durham 
 
 1,193,643 
 
 
 966.369 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 336,807 
 
 Totals 
 
 269,546 
 
 7,118,983 
 
 267,271 
 
 6,297,813 
 
 267,608 
 
 10,964,154 
 
 246,499 
 
 9,998,271 
 
 Lennox and Adding;ton 
 
 42,663 
 
 17,334 
 
 10,372 
 
 8,221 
 
 2,246 
 
 2,179 
 
 2,317 
 
 1,326 
 
 7,103 
 
 495 
 
 2,020 
 
 867,626 
 
 373,721 
 
 282,741 
 
 249,690 
 
 64,656 
 
 49,572 
 
 66,984 
 
 40,293 
 
 240,162 
 
 11,608 
 
 «1,368 
 
 43,662 
 22,238 
 13,614 
 9,069 
 3,048 
 2,998 
 1,975 
 1,337 
 7,011 
 1,299 
 2,412 
 
 925,422 
 
 498,042 
 
 310,399 
 
 266,663 
 
 89,002 
 
 64,338 
 
 45,426 
 
 33,425 
 
 161,263 
 
 36,242 
 
 67,054 
 
 18,478 
 24,376 
 69,762 
 26,288 
 22,794 
 27,665 
 23,941 
 18,103 
 55,293 
 38,627 
 29,679 
 
 572,818 
 
 762,708 
 
 2,367,814 
 
 1,083,268 
 
 869,021 
 
 968,363 
 
 936,614 
 
 716,068 
 
 2,322,806 
 
 1,386,972 
 
 1,136,^19 
 
 18,676 
 23,631 
 68,226 
 27,741 
 23,641 
 27,828 
 24,637 
 17,918 
 47,431 
 33,861 
 31,12C 
 
 560,280 
 
 Frontenac .... 
 
 823,686 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 1,839,942 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 887,712 
 838,060 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 1,001,844 
 
 Prescott 
 
 706,666 
 
 
 627,180 
 
 Garleton .... 
 
 1,964,157 
 
 
 1,238,947 
 
 Lanark 
 
 1,086,088 
 
 
 96,274 
 
 2,298,211 
 
 107,763 
 
 2,477,265 
 
 343,786 
 
 13,039,463 
 
 334,401 
 
 11,664,411 
 
 Victoria 
 
 24,698 
 
 12,018 
 
 219 
 
 36,982 
 
 656,96! 
 
 313, 18S 
 
 6,670 
 
 894,695 
 
 24,416 
 
 13,771 
 
 309 
 
 48,622 
 
 695,726 
 
 373,194 
 
 8,662 
 
 1,193,641 
 
 33,969 
 
 26,680 
 
 4,224 
 
 40,877 
 
 1,205,90C 
 902,061 
 124,315 
 
 1,274,705 
 
 32,36£ 
 
 24,894 
 
 4,37C 
 
 37,93. 
 
 1,166,284 
 
 
 1,030,612 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 144,309 
 
 Hastings 
 
 
 
 73,917 
 
 1,871,321 
 
 87,017 
 
 2,171,213 
 
 106,26C 
 
 3,506,96t 
 
 99,67 
 
 3,667,930 
 
 
 625 
 721 
 «06 
 
 14,060 
 17,30< 
 16,36! 
 
 388 
 
 i 842 
 
 677 
 
 8,662 
 21,060 
 13,848 
 
 7,49S 
 4,971 
 3,36< 
 
 242,14; 
 
 149,13 
 
 » 131,37 
 
 ! 7,28 
 ) 4,44 
 ! 3,66 
 
 r 236,099 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 
 Algoma 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,962 
 
 47,71f 
 
 ! 1,80' 
 
 43,660 
 
 16,82 
 
 ) 622,64 
 
 i 16,39 
 
 i 626,176 
 
 
 700,472 
 
 19,119,04 
 
 L 767,16( 
 
 i 18,414,381 
 
 1,481,82 
 
 3 67,696,30 
 
 4 1,418,309 64,673,609 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
32 
 
 RYE AND PEAS. 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Rye and Peas in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 Rti. 
 
 Pub. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1884. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Busb. 
 
 21,369 
 14,774 
 19,188 
 102,986 
 15,274 
 9,625 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 
 987 
 712 
 1,066 
 7,227 
 944 
 tl6 
 
 694 
 
 287 
 
 1,641 
 
 7,676 
 
 1,686 
 
 630 
 
 13,186 
 4,736 
 
 26,272 
 101,323 
 
 22,190 
 8,374 
 
 4,283 
 6 968 
 6,679 
 11,734 
 1(1,066 
 3,607 
 
 96,264 
 130,620 
 146,610 
 288,427 
 228,398 
 
 76,747 
 
 3,078 
 4,740 
 7,424 
 9,067 
 9,660 
 2,612 
 
 61,403 
 
 Kent 
 
 78.210 
 85,376 
 
 
 177,517 
 153.916 
 
 
 Welland 
 
 60,160 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 11,462 
 
 183,105 
 
 12,313 
 
 176,081 
 
 41,337 
 
 961,956 
 
 36,471 
 
 696,672 
 
 
 
 329 
 101 
 107 
 
 4,057 
 2,626 
 2,140 
 
 341 
 
 810 
 963 
 
 6,696 
 11,421 
 12,519 
 
 5,088 
 26,484 
 32,476 
 
 127,607 
 660,246 
 768,420 
 
 5,387 
 27,379 
 34.843 
 
 67,609 
 
 61,961 
 
 
 462,705 
 832,748 
 
 
 
 Totftli 
 
 637 
 
 8,722 
 
 2,114 
 
 29,636 
 
 64,047 
 
 1,541,273 
 
 1,367,404 
 
 
 
 391 
 2,064 
 
 7.429 
 32,864 
 
 1,730 
 4,086 
 
 26,960 
 71,914 
 
 43,824 
 30,680 
 
 1,035..'>61 
 796,760 
 
 43,627 
 26,3l'5 
 
 992,416 
 616,006 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,445 
 
 40,293 
 
 5,816 
 
 97,864 
 
 74,604 
 
 1,832,321 
 
 69,862 
 
 1,608.421 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 294 
 1,024 
 603 
 124 
 639 
 604 
 838 
 
 6,846 
 16,384 
 10,142 
 
 2,480 
 13,660 
 
 9,828 
 14,623 
 
 831 
 1,722 
 1,1.9d 
 
 676 
 1,666 
 
 936 
 1,360 
 
 11,883 
 20,664 
 14,783 
 8,064 
 24,414 
 14,306 
 22,664 
 
 11,956 
 10,241 
 8,133 
 17,931 
 33,149 
 11,889 
 10,493 
 
 289,789 
 265,662 
 208,205 
 502,068 
 898,669 
 313,1.32 
 206,541 
 
 15,534 
 9,726 
 6,669 
 20,369 
 33,816 
 11,767 
 11,069 
 
 169,321 
 162,424 
 123,497 
 293,170 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 249,460 
 230,323 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 4,026 
 
 72,762 
 
 8,084 
 
 116,668 
 
 103,791 
 
 4,170 
 8,296 
 9,950 
 . 12,642 
 24,831 
 21,978 
 ll;,382 
 19,669 
 6,967 
 
 2,684,556 
 
 97,99.'. 
 188,131 
 246,959 
 317,693 
 670,934 
 669,999 
 433,080 
 421,712 
 147,491 
 
 108,829 
 
 1,769,236 
 
 
 
 613 
 
 1,157 
 
 238 
 
 866 
 
 1,492 
 
 2,640 
 
 2,647 
 
 10,260 
 
 10,087 
 
 29,989 
 
 11,739 
 
 18,824 
 
 4,363 
 
 17,914 
 
 26,3C4 
 
 48,11 1 
 
 39,917 
 
 136,813 
 
 137,284 
 
 1,068 
 
 1,601 
 
 995 
 
 3,262 
 
 4,464 
 
 6,935 
 
 10,170 
 
 19,450 
 
 14,299 
 
 14,283 
 
 24,496 
 
 16.915 
 
 61,978 
 
 69,371 
 
 96,741 
 
 143,397 
 
 270,365 
 
 200,186 
 
 3,236 
 8,124 
 8,674 
 9,982 
 21,781 
 21,984 
 20,074 
 16,899 
 3,910 
 
 
 
 162,480 
 231,498 
 201,636 
 456,223 
 485,846 
 371,363 
 349,809 
 74,290 
 
 
 Peel t 
 
 
 Ontario 
 
 
 
 
 439,319 
 
 61,234 
 
 887,721 
 
 126,784 
 
 3,083,994 
 
 114,664 
 
 2.394,282 
 
 
 
 5,682 
 
 4,856 
 
 6,867 
 
 1,9C3 
 
 ' 606 
 
 ,103 
 
 645 
 
 236 
 
 7,511 
 
 , 6,416 
 
 4,811 
 
 85,126 
 
 68,60 c 
 
 104,378 
 
 41,106 
 
 13,298 
 
 2,284 
 
 12,716 
 
 4,720 
 
 137,001 
 
 128,800 
 
 70,144 
 
 8,984 
 
 7,098 
 14,549 
 
 2,633 
 820 
 121 
 4u6 
 925 
 
 9.796 
 10,190 
 
 8,064 
 
 141,049 
 
 113.6118 
 
 258,972 
 
 72,444 
 
 21,484 
 
 2,866 
 
 7,290 
 
 18,600 
 
 161,838 
 
 197,686 
 
 173,161 
 
 8,218 
 12,908 
 ■7,082 
 1,761 
 3,603 
 6,927 
 9,844 
 6,610 
 14,605 
 22,893 
 11,498 
 
 165,921 
 266,163 
 146,881 
 48,181 
 83,652 
 124 467 
 246,100 
 160.992 
 379.214 
 602,731 
 249,277 
 
 6,687 
 
 9,565 
 
 6,519 
 
 2,146 
 
 2,066 
 
 6,600 
 
 11,369 
 
 4,369 
 
 12,306 
 
 2l.,044 
 
 10,795 
 
 130,397 
 185,561 
 128,424 
 48,286 
 68,432 
 108,900 
 161,208 
 76,468 
 243,6C9 
 479,062 
 274,193 
 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 
 
 Preacott 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 39,433 
 
 667,652 
 
 63,476 
 
 1,158,848 
 
 104,749 
 
 2,373,679 
 
 93,066 
 
 1,884,669 
 
 
 Victoria . . 
 
 884 
 
 2,847 
 
 260 
 
 10,390 
 
 13,614 
 
 43,274 
 
 4,810 
 
 160,03i- 
 
 2,370 
 
 6,701 
 
 462 
 
 24.668 
 
 37,209 
 
 91,786 
 
 9,240 
 
 363,370 
 
 606,605 
 
 16,185 
 14,487 
 1,618 
 17,665 
 
 43,856 
 
 36l,.^.')5 
 
 313,354 
 
 32,631 
 
 338,108 
 
 14,939 
 
 13,669 
 
 1,4L0 
 
 14,739 
 
 296.792 
 299,876 
 35,500 
 265,302 
 
 Peterboroug'h 
 
 
 Hastings 
 
 
 14,381 
 
 211,730 
 
 33,091 
 
 1,046,648 
 
 44,667 
 
 896,469 
 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 461 
 624 
 68 
 
 8,S,98 
 14,60t 
 1,870 
 
 814 
 968 
 202 
 
 16,117 
 20,328 
 3,373 
 
 2,86« 
 1,362 
 2,651 
 
 62,762 
 30 515 
 75,103 
 
 2,526 
 1,6<6 
 3,512 
 
 17,218 
 34,563 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,163 
 
 24,671: 
 
 1,984 
 
 39,818 
 
 6,861 
 
 168,380 
 
 7,723 
 
 
 
 
 The Provincb 
 
 103,416 
 
 1,648,258 
 
 188,111 
 
 3,012,240 
 
 670,928 
 
 13,691,607 
 
 542,771 
 
 
 
 
33 
 
 CORN, BUCKWHEAT AND BEANS. 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Corn, Buckwheat and Beans in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Buckwheat. 1 
 
 BXAKS. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 188P. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Eesei 
 
 Kent , 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 31,292 
 27,213 
 14,532 
 12,326 
 1,961 
 6,569 
 
 2,630,271 
 
 2.333,243 
 
 l;14!i,028 
 
 9l!l,738 
 
 138,3"5 
 
 616,076 
 
 27,121 
 26,416 
 16,17t 
 16,449 
 8,27b 
 8,610 
 
 684 
 
 878 
 
 1,119 
 
 6,307 
 
 789 
 
 1,938 
 
 11,633 
 27.218 
 29,933 
 99,13.. 
 16,7U1 
 40,446 
 
 831 
 
 969 
 
 1,466 
 
 6,462 
 
 933 1 
 
 1.870 
 
 1 
 
 633 
 
 10,240 
 
 1,376 
 
 976 
 
 244 
 
 1,304 
 
 13,326 
 242,686 
 34,400 
 16,136 
 7,117 
 23,720 
 
 8 1 
 
 10,836 
 
 1,190 
 
 1,988 
 
 232 
 
 1,350 
 
 Totals 
 
 93,883 
 
 7,586 720 
 
 9T,947 
 
 10,616 
 
 684 
 195 
 166 
 
 224,066 
 
 11,620 
 
 14,672 
 
 337,284 
 
 16,946 
 
 
 
 
 7,397 
 
 2,041 
 
 215 
 
 491,606 
 
 141,421 
 
 6,809 
 
 9,001 
 
 2,899 
 
 606 
 
 16,486 
 3,610 
 3,597 
 
 423! 
 S76 
 402 
 
 399 
 
 160 
 
 86 
 
 9,97t. 
 4 640 
 1,290 
 
 387 
 
 
 114 
 
 
 166 
 
 
 
 Totals ■ 
 
 9,6.3 
 
 639,836 
 
 12,806 
 
 895 
 
 297 
 287 
 
 22,593 
 
 6,495 
 4,3t)6 
 
 1,201 
 
 646 
 
 16,906 
 
 667 
 
 
 231 
 492 
 
 11,550 
 33.210 
 
 647 
 956 
 
 443 
 240 
 
 683 
 
 492 
 823 
 802 
 
 72 
 17tl 
 136 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 163 
 
 966 
 8,069 
 
 127 
 
 Simcoe „ 
 
 138 
 
 Totals 
 
 723 
 
 44,760 
 
 1,602 
 
 684 
 
 ■ 9,800 
 
 10,.642 
 20,697 
 17,605 
 4,6if4 
 4,929 
 2,800 
 1,241 
 
 222 
 
 4,626 
 
 265 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 9,875 
 
 8,049 
 
 3,(iu8 
 
 616 
 
 794 
 
 1,487 
 
 23 
 
 782,100 
 
 539,283 
 
 , 266,013 
 
 33,763 
 
 51,610 
 
 98 781 
 
 1,610 
 
 13,266 
 
 11,694 
 
 6,187 
 
 1,101 
 
 864 
 
 2,250 
 
 177 
 
 602 
 781 
 813 
 166 
 186 
 112 
 73 
 
 466 
 37 
 1,187 
 99 
 12 
 26 
 3 
 
 2,139 
 
 8.801 
 
 9,150 
 
 24,701 
 
 3,119 
 
 444 
 625 
 60 
 
 612 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 617 
 l,a84 
 
 Perth 
 
 40 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 96 
 
 Bufferin 
 
 22 
 
 Totals 
 
 24,361 
 
 1,762,160 
 
 35,439 
 
 2,673 
 
 62,338 
 
 2,668 
 
 46,900 
 
 2,635 
 
 
 6,010 
 4,239 
 ' 686 
 278 
 1,048 
 1,720 
 1,749 
 3,391 
 5,412 
 
 444,019 
 
 339,120 
 
 64,880 
 
 20,860 
 
 71,264 
 
 106,967 
 
 106,532 
 
 246,»27 
 
 283,636 
 
 7,689 
 6,016 
 1,357 
 498 
 1,784 
 3,072 
 2,642 
 6,172 
 10,450 
 
 971 
 617 
 129 
 296 
 686 
 369 
 616 
 3,706 
 7,003 
 
 21,886 
 
 11,723 
 
 2,366 
 
 6,997 
 
 16,629 
 
 7,318 
 
 10,668 
 
 86,632 
 
 165,201 
 
 1,209 
 997 
 226 
 377 
 316 
 439 
 762 
 3,720 
 4,820 
 
 206 
 169 
 23 
 107 
 214 
 656 
 384 
 810 
 380 
 
 6,408 
 4,129 
 619 
 4,280 
 9,288 
 14,762 
 7,891 
 20,825 
 13,300 
 
 180 
 
 
 165 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 61 
 
 York 
 
 623 
 
 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 334 
 
 Totala 
 
 ' 24,633 
 
 1673,794 
 
 38,680 
 
 14,291 
 
 326,209 
 
 12,866 
 
 2,848 
 
 80,402 
 
 2,028 
 
 
 1,608 
 1,18* 
 4,606 
 1,221 
 1,267 
 
 935 
 1,336 
 
 527 
 1,155 
 
 339 
 1,052 
 
 16,131 
 
 78,703 
 
 64,566 
 
 308,076 
 
 102,564 
 
 67,016 
 
 38,569 
 
 80,334 
 
 . 28,986 
 
 67,760 
 
 , 16,611 
 
 ,.66,371 
 
 3,016 
 1,680 
 5,272 
 1,628 
 1,268 
 922 
 1,401 
 
 br>i 
 
 1,120 
 
 658 
 
 1,614 
 
 2,549 
 1,445 
 6,391 
 1,607 
 2,102 
 
 847 
 1,867 
 1,6.'!4 
 4,466 
 
 743 
 7,873 
 
 65 739 
 33,640 
 
 139,836 
 36,607 
 47,296 
 19,693 
 
 ■ 64,364 
 34,616 
 97,493 
 16,046 
 
 178,^45 
 
 2,752 
 1,674 
 6,612 
 1,388 
 2,697 
 l,6>i6 
 2,101 
 969 
 3,436 
 1,453 
 7,321 
 
 112 
 228 
 391 
 175 
 321 
 119 
 547 
 440 
 630 
 596 
 192 
 
 2,866 
 > 6,887 
 9,998 
 4,667 
 9,38S 
 3,868 
 17,641 
 11,000 
 15,386 
 11,176 
 1,327 
 
 97 
 
 
 286 
 196 
 
 
 Dundaa . 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 203 
 616 
 269 
 349 
 477 
 204 
 
 Bussell 
 
 
 
 
 
 "'89S,643 
 
 19,036 
 
 31,414 
 
 722,462 
 
 13,197 
 17,629 
 6,412 
 61,83C 
 
 32,068 
 
 3,761 
 
 96,192 
 
 2,965 
 
 Victoria 
 
 399 
 
 341 
 
 102 
 
 5,069 
 
 20,449 
 
 19,324 
 
 6,100 
 
 268,127 
 
 627 
 
 332 
 
 164 
 
 7,648 
 
 636 
 
 661 
 
 264 
 
 3,118 
 
 296 
 
 667 
 
 246 
 
 4,966 
 
 107 
 173 
 17 
 236 
 
 2,068 
 
 3,028 
 
 340 
 
 6 063 
 
 178 
 79 
 16 
 
 262 
 
 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Totals ' 
 
 6,301 
 
 313,00C 
 
 8,661 
 
 4,67£ 
 
 98,06S 
 
 6,164 
 
 633 
 
 10,486 
 
 526 
 
 
 223 
 
 28 
 ■ 134 
 
 8,697 
 1,68C 
 6,70( 
 
 292 
 90 
 86 
 
 42C 
 
 18t 
 
 7( 
 
 12,02S 
 4,72! 
 2,2SC 
 
 366 
 269 
 127 
 
 41 
 IS 
 i 
 
 97f 
 72C 
 16( 
 
 66 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals 
 
 38E 
 
 17,07' 
 
 467 
 
 68. 
 
 19,03< 
 
 742 
 
 6i 
 
 1,84( 
 
 76 
 
 
 174, 66C 
 
 12,935,88! 
 
 214,237 
 
 66,8361,484 67( 
 
 ) 67,802 
 
 24,87! 
 
 i 692,04 
 
 1 26,907 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
34 
 
 POTATOES AND MANGOLD WURTZELS. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Potatoes and Mangold Wurtzels in Ontario in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 • 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 MisaoLD Wbjitzels. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Essex 
 
 3,180 
 4,217 
 3,340 
 4,760 
 1,809 
 3,089 
 
 506,843 
 740,716 
 526,862 
 643,388 
 246,024 
 434,663 
 
 3,004 
 3,811 
 . 3,052 
 3,800 
 1,648 
 2,iil8 
 
 303,404 
 461,131 
 228,9u0 
 383,800 
 182,928 
 267,298 
 
 200 
 366 
 303 
 192 
 164 
 83 
 
 94,706 
 151,614 
 141,010 
 61,676 
 67,065 
 31,604 
 
 164 
 126 
 275 
 157 
 76 
 146 
 
 49,200 
 
 
 
 Elgin 
 
 47,300 
 70,660 
 18,644 
 60,760 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 Totals 
 
 20,386 
 
 3,097,476 
 
 687,787 
 071,743 
 626,179 
 
 17,633 
 
 1,817,461 
 
 1,307 
 
 647,675 
 
 943 
 
 268 826 
 
 
 
 
 3,723 
 5,1,S6 
 4,930 
 
 3,064 
 .%838 
 6,166 
 
 263,482 
 607,906 
 656,082 
 
 419 
 
 1,632 
 
 414 
 
 164,805 
 606,248 
 163,530 
 
 321 
 
 1,428 
 661 
 
 73,830 
 622,648 
 
 Huron 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 13,839 
 
 1,785,709 
 
 14,068 
 
 1,417470 
 
 2,366 
 
 1,024,583 
 
 195,723 
 314,921 
 
 2,300 
 
 476 
 909 
 
 827,898 
 
 
 
 7,040 
 7,361 
 
 859,936 
 1,226,490 
 
 7,622 
 7,064 
 
 785,0P6 
 765,848 
 
 1,540,914 
 
 369 
 651 
 
 211,344 
 289,062 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 14,401 
 
 2,086,426 
 
 14,686 
 
 1,0)0 
 
 610,644 
 
 1,386 
 
 600,406 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 6,946 
 3,876 
 2,684 
 3,9^;9 
 6,800 
 2,948 
 3,448 
 
 29,529 
 
 1,06S,564 
 671,848 
 446,825 
 716,274 
 
 1,009,460 
 488,130 
 638,026 
 
 6,269 
 3,946 
 2,184 
 4,695 
 6,386 
 3,236 
 3,298 
 
 469,426 
 248,698 
 261,160 
 289,485 
 638,600 
 307,420 
 497,038 
 
 1,280 
 1,030 
 419 
 1,448 
 886 
 446 
 173 
 
 696,750 
 626,701 
 264,019 
 793,403 
 467,123 
 202,185 
 63,721 
 
 1,112 
 1,013 
 290 
 1,253 
 743 
 496 
 137 
 
 371,408 
 341,381 
 129,920 
 305,732 
 275,663 
 198,400 
 46,261 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Suflerin 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 4,938,117 
 
 29,904 
 
 2,701,726 
 
 161,660 
 466.066 
 229,460 
 285,231 
 662,826 
 346,360 
 265,064 
 474,700 
 277,726 
 
 3,038,661 
 
 5,682 
 
 2,892,902 
 
 6,044 
 
 1,667,7.55 
 
 
 
 2,426 
 4,411 
 1,849 
 3,262 
 7 432 
 4,364 
 3,482 
 4,676 
 2,434 
 
 366,428 
 687,643 
 286,059 
 660,658 
 1,289,972 
 818,552 
 646,966 
 822,402 
 306,759 
 
 2,164 
 4,184 
 1,765 
 3.067 
 8,606 
 4,317 
 3,36+ 
 4,7-17 
 2,649 
 
 389 
 442 
 400 
 379 
 1,736 
 778 
 409 
 455 
 13) 
 
 126,611 
 22i,472 
 182,668 
 206,1181 
 896,939 
 409.843 
 184,803 
 219,916 
 37,700 
 
 167 
 500 
 424 
 409 
 1.607 
 814 
 479 
 440 
 126 
 
 63,380 
 265,600 
 127.200 
 118,610 
 699,248 
 3;i3,276 
 186,331 
 179.080 
 
 211,760 
 
 
 
 Peel 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 34,225 
 
 6,764,829 
 
 625,580 
 637.960 
 
 1,382,615 
 566,260 
 2a2,626 
 446,4S.i 
 614,992 
 248,260 
 
 1,319,963 
 661,379 
 776,438 
 
 34,748 
 
 6,118 
 
 2,487,032 
 
 4,865 
 
 ■2,000,375 
 
 
 
 3,342 
 4,0i:6 
 7,618 
 2,462 
 , 2,341 
 2,428 
 2,472 
 l-,656 
 6,798 
 3,623 
 4.040 
 
 3,440 
 4,167 
 8,016 
 2,6.57 
 1.956 
 2,570 
 2 270 
 1,649 
 6,847 
 3.932 
 3.652 
 
 240.800 
 333,360 
 777,4.'.6 
 271,042 
 268,060 
 346,950 
 264,340 
 123,676 
 684,700 
 487,568 
 474,760 
 
 4,162,610 
 
 102 
 179 
 261 
 90 
 45 
 34 
 86 
 60 
 479 
 111 
 210 
 
 27 540 
 68,176 
 
 133,612 
 80,600 
 16,038 
 13,600 
 26,b00 
 25,39 
 
 2.2,893 
 35,468 
 •97,650 
 
 214 
 
 97 
 
 222 
 
 106 
 
 24 
 
 66 
 
 23 
 
 64 
 
 661 
 
 141 
 
 174 
 
 86 600 
 38,800 
 95,460 
 43,260 
 7,200 
 19,60C 
 6,900 
 19,200 
 224,400 
 61063 
 62,722 
 
 
 Leeds and Grenyille 
 
 
 Storaiont 
 
 Gleriuarry 
 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carlet 'n 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 
 
 40,805 
 
 7,361,402 
 
 40,061 
 
 1,657 
 
 686,656 
 
 1.690 
 
 460 
 
 26.) 
 
 6 
 
 177 
 
 654,096 
 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 2,778 
 
 2,696 
 
 748 
 
 6 443 
 
 626,264 
 457,996 
 181,669 
 863,143 
 
 2,024,062 
 
 3,108 
 
 2,4S3 
 
 676 
 
 6.638 
 
 12.805 
 
 1,291 
 901 
 743 
 
 817,016 
 268,164 
 50,700 
 725.718 
 
 498 
 
 345 
 
 3 
 
 299 
 
 239,246 
 
 148.681 
 
 900 
 
 96,082 
 
 176,180 
 
 83.634 
 
 1,600 
 
 Haliburtoii 
 
 Hasiings 
 
 
 
 
 12,66.5 
 
 1,434 
 79» 
 676 
 
 1,301,698 
 
 161.047 
 1 19,833 
 99,662 
 
 370,442 
 
 1,U3 
 
 31 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 69 
 
 483,809 
 
 7,760 
 1,433 
 12,800 
 
 905 
 
 305,664 
 
 
 Parrv biound 
 
 280 372 
 137,656 
 1211,713 
 
 42 
 36 
 19 
 
 14.196 
 
 Algoma 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,90= 
 168,76; 
 
 488,740 
 27,546,261 
 
 2,936 
 
 21,983 
 
 97 
 
 27,096 
 
 Thk Provi.vce 
 
 166,823 
 
 16,400,782 
 
 18,341 
 
 8,656,1.^4 
 
 17,21H 
 
 6,262,015 
 
 
35 
 
 CARROTS AND TURNIPS. 
 
 TABLE No. VI. — Sliowing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Carrots and Turnips in Ontario in the years 188S and 1884. 
 
 
 Carrots. 
 
 Tdrk 
 
 IPS. 
 
 CnUNTIES. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 BuBh. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 
 101 
 144 
 159 
 136 
 7rt 
 90 
 
 34,146 
 38,493 
 54,865 
 31,911 
 27,000 
 23,111 
 
 64 
 
 102 
 
 111) 
 
 126 
 
 65 
 
 62 
 
 626 
 
 168 
 686 
 
 411 
 
 10,800 
 22,236 
 13.340 
 66,700 
 7,«05 
 9,796 
 
 120,477 
 
 231 
 672 
 616 
 661 
 107 
 190 
 
 72 698 
 230,617 
 210,270 
 233,683 
 
 31, 50.-. 
 
 62,726 
 
 207 
 304 
 323 
 696 
 65 
 113 
 
 41,400 
 73,668 
 38,437 
 
 Kent 
 
 Norfolk .... 
 
 238,400 
 
 
 18,860 
 
 
 33,900 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 708 
 
 209,619 
 
 2,377 
 
 831,498 
 
 1,608 
 
 444 566 
 
 
 
 
 181 
 708 
 324 
 
 60,032 
 
 281 519 
 
 93,419 
 
 28,914 
 234.400 
 150,837 
 
 398 
 7,729 
 6,307 
 
 152,665 
 2,748,668 
 1,996,607 
 
 283 
 7,421 
 6,708 
 
 70,760 
 2,129,827 
 2,106,262 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,213 
 
 690 
 683 
 
 1,273 
 
 434,970 
 
 1,166 
 
 414,161 
 
 360,208 
 283,050 
 
 14,434 
 
 9,249 
 3,397 
 
 4,897,740 
 
 13,412 
 
 4,306,829 
 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 247,800 
 273,607 
 
 768 
 766 
 
 3,982,249 
 1,497.194 
 
 8,962 
 3,000 
 
 3,638,672 
 
 
 1,013,620 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 621,307 
 
 1,533 
 
 633,268 
 
 12,646 
 
 6,479,443 
 
 12,062 
 
 4,652,092 
 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 648 
 347 
 819 
 442 
 331 
 279 
 233 
 
 lb6,087 
 137,450 
 142,048 
 213,738 
 182,933 
 97,650 
 69,020 
 
 605 
 413 
 211 
 406 
 380 
 377 
 206 
 
 137,866 
 174,286 
 
 79,125 
 109,214 
 108,300 
 167,388 
 
 81,696 
 
 1,436 
 4,952 
 2,466 
 6,623 
 13,648 
 5,469 
 2,340 
 
 689,664 
 2,283,021 
 1,253,666 
 2,792,560 
 6,196,313 
 2,168,076 
 
 986,146 
 
 , 1,749 
 6,369 
 2,070 
 6,437 
 13,899 
 6,224 
 2,716 
 
 610,708 
 
 Oxford 
 
 1,098,696 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 746,200 
 772,064 
 
 Welling:ton . 
 
 3,836,124 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 1,363,464 
 
 DufEcriu 
 
 807.372 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,604 
 
 977,926 
 
 2,498 
 
 857,773 
 
 36,824 
 
 16,269,334 
 
 36,463 
 
 9,133,517 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 141 
 226 
 126 
 296 
 780 
 673 
 442 
 270 
 67 
 
 36,801 
 
 91607 
 
 46 350 
 
 142,674 
 
 340,938 
 
 305.172 
 
 179 673 
 
 88.249 
 
 9,067 
 
 1,235,421 
 
 95 
 249 
 116 
 343 
 898 
 610 
 584 
 276 
 
 60 
 
 30.876 
 107,817 
 
 46,000 
 
 83 006 
 368,996 
 264,370 
 216,080 
 
 91,.')76 
 9,760 
 
 330 
 1,862 
 1,740 
 1,321 
 : 2,609 
 11,886 
 6,131 
 2,983 
 136 
 
 96,713 
 
 868,791 
 
 739,600 
 
 66u,408 
 
 1,232,618 
 
 6,662,648 
 
 2 479,197 
 
 1,314,399 
 
 26,700 
 
 167 
 1,980 
 1,476 
 1,160 
 2,851 
 10,246 
 4,641 
 2,449 
 76 
 
 47,100 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 803,880 
 
 Halton . 
 
 670,826 
 
 
 278,300 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 778,323 
 3,411,918 
 
 Durham 
 
 1,833,195 
 820,415 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 8,612 
 
 Totals 
 
 8,010 
 
 3,219 
 
 1,200,469 
 
 * 27,997 
 
 12,980,874 
 
 26,026 
 
 8,652,468 
 
 
 
 Lennox and Addingtou 
 
 65 
 
 76 
 
 164 
 
 36 
 
 93 
 
 64 
 
 68 
 
 126 
 
 627 
 
 127 
 
 166 
 
 12,100 
 17,670 
 66.507 
 14,66» 
 34.876 
 18,900 
 16,779 
 49.411 
 218 178 
 86,196 
 68,900 
 
 41 
 
 130 
 
 168 
 
 43 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 100 
 
 664 
 
 142 
 
 147 
 
 8,200 
 
 32,500 
 
 60,400 
 
 12,900 
 
 3,600 
 
 6,000 
 
 10,850 
 
 25,000 
 
 221.600 
 
 64.386 
 
 40,866 
 
 338 
 192 
 212 
 126 
 269 
 22 
 140 
 407 
 1,214 
 848 
 472 
 
 74,360 
 
 43,680 
 
 98,046 
 
 33 600 
 
 61,800 
 
 6,600 
 
 64,834 
 
 149,906 
 
 601 783 
 
 301,888 
 
 174,648 
 
 142 
 
 239 
 
 177 
 
 32 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 61 
 
 234 
 
 1,309 
 
 636 
 
 418 
 
 21,300 
 
 
 41,826 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 72,924 
 
 Dnndas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 11,200 
 2,800 
 3,960 
 
 Prescott 
 
 11,883 
 
 Russefl 
 
 68,500 
 
 Carieton 
 
 892,700 
 
 
 160,800 
 
 Lanark 
 
 148,390 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,470 
 
 633,366 
 
 1,394 
 
 466,302 
 
 98,060 
 
 126,398 
 
 6,760 
 
 27,260 
 
 4.230 
 
 1,486,136 
 
 8,170 
 
 926,282 
 
 
 261 
 
 319 
 
 17 
 
 08 
 
 96,339 
 
 113,644 
 
 6,100 
 
 27,649 
 
 206 
 
 371 
 
 23 
 
 109 
 
 2,318 
 826 
 309 
 690 
 
 982,623 
 32S,9I'9 
 104,288 
 162,446 
 
 3,113 
 868 
 306 
 
 62a 
 
 809,380 
 
 
 329,840 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 64,900 
 
 Hastings 
 
 104,600 
 
 Totals 
 
 686 
 
 242,632 
 
 768 
 
 256,448 
 
 4,042 
 
 1,578,326 
 
 4,80E 
 
 . 1,298,720 
 
 
 77 
 19 
 28 
 
 26,127 
 7.8110 
 9,333 
 
 P6 
 68 
 34 
 
 19,608 
 10,160 
 6,800 
 
 1,086 
 
 1,041 
 
 622 
 
 3+1, 84C 
 302,64f 
 2S8 62i 
 
 78f 
 62 
 49 
 
 202,002 
 
 
 176,309 
 
 
 18l!,680 
 
 Totals 
 
 124 
 
 42,060 
 
 178 
 
 36,668 
 
 2,649 
 
 883, oi: 
 
 1.90 
 
 ]| 664,891 
 
 
 10,987 
 
 4,197,200 
 
 11,270 
 
 3,984,436 
 
 104,199 
 
 44,406,36: 
 
 98.429 29.879,364 
 
 
 
 
36 
 
 AVERAGE PRODUOTIOK 
 
 TABLE No. VII. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the 
 average production of Field Crops per acre in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 
 Fall 
 Wheat. 
 
 Spring 
 Wheat. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Rtb. 
 
 Peas. 
 
 1884. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 t 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 ffl 
 
 19.9 
 31.0 
 26.8 
 18.7 
 19,9 
 ■20.9 
 
 
 
 1S84. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883 
 
 n 
 
 
 19.3 
 
 22.2 
 19 7 
 21.7 
 21.3 
 23.0 
 
 12.9 
 10.0 
 11.2 
 9.0 
 6.7 
 7.7 
 
 18.5 
 20 3 
 22.1 
 17.7 
 18 9 
 19.2 
 
 19.5 
 
 21.2 
 21.4 
 18.2 
 
 20,3 
 
 18,2 
 21.1 
 
 19.4 
 
 ■IS.l 
 
 14.0 
 11.6 
 16.2 
 16.0 
 16.6 
 16 9 
 
 14.7 
 
 14.4 
 16 9 
 14.7 
 
 15.7 
 
 16.8 
 16 2 
 
 16.9 
 
 28.3 
 27.7 
 •29.^ 
 30.4 
 25.6 
 28.8 
 
 27.7 
 
 28.2 
 28.1 
 26.3 
 
 27.3 
 
 26.] 
 
 29 3 
 
 27.9 
 
 30.1 
 31.9 
 30.6 
 31.9 
 
 30 4 
 31.8 
 27.U 
 
 30.6 
 
 2fi.2 
 30.2 
 ■29.7 
 
 27 B 
 318 
 30.0 
 
 28 6 
 24.5 
 ■i0 8 
 
 23.3 
 20.7 
 21.6 
 26.3 
 18.1 
 24.8 
 
 42.7 
 43.5 
 43.0 
 38.9 
 37 6 
 38.6 
 
 37.2 
 39.1 
 39.3 
 40.0 
 34.9 
 36.7 
 
 38.0 
 
 21,6 
 
 20.8 
 18.0 
 14.3 
 16.2 
 18.6 
 
 19.0 
 in 6 
 16 4 
 13 2 
 14.0 
 16,8 
 
 14.2 
 
 16.7 
 14.1 
 13.0 
 
 22.2 
 21.9 
 26 6 
 24.4 
 2-2.7 
 21.0 
 
 23.2 
 
 16.7 
 16.5 
 116 
 19.6 
 16.1 
 19.2 
 
 16.4 
 
 80.9 
 85.7 
 79.0 
 74.8 
 70 9 
 78.4 
 
 80.8 
 
 25.0 
 23.7 
 26.0 
 16.6 
 29.2 
 18.2 
 
 Kent 
 
 ElKin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Welland 
 
 
 212 
 
 19.7 
 2a 1 
 21.6 
 
 22.7 
 
 21.3 
 26.5 
 
 25.0 
 
 9.8 
 
 9.6 
 7.3 
 8.8 
 
 8.3 
 
 9.6 
 10.9 
 
 10.4 
 
 10.4 
 8.2 
 10 6 
 7.2 
 U.S 
 110 
 12.2 
 
 10.' 
 
 7.S 
 12.9 
 l.i.4 
 14.h 
 12.1 
 13 3 
 1S.4 
 
 67 
 11.2 
 
 ■21.1 
 
 20.4 
 27 3 
 27.7 
 
 25.9 
 
 25.9 
 26.8 
 
 25 
 
 21.6 
 29.6 
 24. ( 
 26,6 
 25.7 
 30.8 
 1.7 
 
 26 
 
 24,2 
 29.8 
 25.0 
 ■23.1 
 24.6 
 26 8 
 26 
 20.6 
 20 8 
 
 23.6 
 
 21.2 
 22.4 
 
 41.1 
 
 16.0 
 
 21.1 
 
 29.0 
 18 
 21.7 
 
 26.2 
 
 18 5 
 16.0 
 
 23.0 
 
 
 Lambton 
 
 44.4 
 38.0 
 32.6 
 
 .36 6 
 41.2 
 38.6 
 
 12.3 
 
 26.0 
 20.0 
 
 26.1 
 24 9 
 23.2 
 
 11.6 
 1B.9 
 23.9 
 
 20.1 
 
 22.8 
 23 4 
 
 6«5 
 69.3 
 31.7 
 
 66.3 
 
 26.0 
 29.0 
 16.0 
 
 Bruce 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 38.0 
 
 39.4 
 
 36.0 
 38 4 
 
 37.0 
 
 44.7 
 46 9 
 41.0 
 41.9 
 37.8 
 43.7 
 36.2 
 
 16.2 
 
 19.0 
 16.0 
 
 16.4 
 
 19.9 
 16.0 
 
 16 8 
 20.0 
 21.2 
 19 6 
 
 17 3 
 
 18.1 
 
 14.0 
 
 16.0 
 17,6 
 
 16.8 
 
 14 3 
 12,0 
 13 5 
 14.0 
 
 16 6 
 16.3 
 16.6 
 
 14:4 
 
 13.6 
 
 15.- 
 
 17 
 19.0 
 13.3 
 16.3 
 14.1 
 13.9 
 14.0 
 
 T4'5 
 
 24.1 
 
 23.6 
 26 
 
 24.7 
 
 Grey 
 
 32.4 
 37.6 
 
 34.7 
 
 43 7 
 42.0 
 46 
 44.0 
 39.1 
 40.7 
 34.2 
 
 50 
 67.6 
 
 14.0 
 20.0 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 24.6 
 
 ■24.2 
 26.9 
 2.i6 
 28.0 
 27 1 
 26 4 
 24.8 
 
 2.^9 
 
 23.5 
 22,7 
 ■24.8 
 26,1 
 27.0 
 25.5 
 23.6 
 21.6 
 21.2 
 
 24 3 
 
 23 1 
 
 10.9 
 16.7 
 18.8 
 14 4 
 16 
 21.2 
 ■20 8 
 
 16.3 
 
 19.2 
 20.0 
 27.0 
 20.2 
 20 9 
 
 61.9 
 
 79.2 
 
 67 
 70 7 
 65.6 
 6.6.0 
 
 68 4 
 70.0 
 
 16.8 
 
 18.1 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 23 8 
 26.9 
 26.2 
 27.4 
 23.9 
 25,8 
 21.8 
 
 26 1 
 
 23.8 
 28 
 28 4 
 29.0 
 29. ."i 
 26.4 
 22.1 
 24..^ 
 20.9 
 
 19.3 
 
 21.0 
 26.5 
 20.4 
 29.0 
 26 6 
 2.5.0 
 17.0 
 
 23.3 
 
 19.3 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 21.8 14 3 
 2'i Q IS ^ 
 
 20.8 
 31.5 
 37.0 
 25 
 20.0 
 
 Wellinj^ton 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin ' . 
 
 20.9 
 21,2 
 18.0 
 
 16 6 
 18.9 
 15.6 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 21.9 
 
 19 4 
 20.6 
 21.4 
 21.6 
 23.4 
 22.3 
 19 7 
 18.0 
 18.1 
 
 20.7 
 
 17.9 
 17.7 
 19.3 
 23.7 
 •20.7 
 18.3 
 •21.3 
 22.1 
 23.5 
 19.7 
 20.0 
 
 24.6 
 
 18.0 
 182 
 1.6.7 
 16.6 
 
 17.7 
 
 17.2 
 
 16.6 
 16.4 
 16 8 
 18.5 
 18.7 
 19.3 
 19.2 
 15.4 
 16 3 
 
 41.8 42.2 
 
 37.6 37.0 
 44 S 42.0 
 39 8 39 6 
 
 39.9 42.7 
 44.0 44 4 
 43 3 43 6 
 39.9 38.8 
 3".0 37.4 
 33.9, ^28.1 
 
 41.0, 40.7 
 
 72.4 
 
 21.9 
 
 
 19.2 
 16 3 
 18.3 
 20 7 
 17.0 
 182 
 16.1 
 13.3 
 13 6 
 
 73 9 
 80.0 
 80.0 
 76.0 
 8.S.0 
 
 
 Weiitworth 
 
 Peel ■■" 
 
 19.0 
 18.3 
 20.3 
 26 6 
 
 24.4 
 2-2.5 
 
 Ojvtario 
 
 43.4 
 
 
 186''60.P 
 20.7 72 7 
 I9.O1 62.4 
 
 
 Northumlierland 
 
 22.0 26.7 
 
 
 22.8 
 
 
 
 27.6 
 
 19 
 17.8 
 18 8 
 16.4 
 18.0 
 20.4 
 18.8 
 18 6 
 22.3 
 18,8 
 17.6 
 
 18.0 
 
 18,1 
 22.8 
 1B.8 
 20.6 
 
 20.6 
 
 12 6 
 
 17.6 
 17.4 
 10.9 
 17.7 
 19.6 
 16.0 
 20.0 
 1.5.4 
 13.8 
 18.8 
 21.2 
 
 18.2 
 
 •27 4 
 
 14.6 
 
 20.9 
 
 6S.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 13.3 
 14 9 
 13.9 
 
 16.4 
 18 9 
 14.7 
 13 3 
 12.6 
 13.9 
 17.4 
 1^2.8 
 
 14.8 
 
 15.2 
 17.8 
 8.0 
 18.8 
 
 "l6^ 
 
 14.9 
 15.8 
 17.0 
 
 20,1 
 21.H 
 27.3 
 30.4 
 ■28.8 
 22.8 
 28.9 
 30 4 
 a3 8 
 23.6 
 30.4 
 
 23.9 
 
 26.6 
 26 1 
 30.0 
 24.2 
 
 25.3 
 
 22.5 
 24.0 
 27.0 
 
 31.0 .10 
 309, 36.0 
 
 16.3 15.7 
 
 20.2 
 20.6 
 20.7 
 27.4 
 23 9 
 21.0 
 26.0 
 24.7 
 25.3 
 22.0 
 21.7 
 
 19.5 
 19,4 
 19 7 
 ■22,6 
 22.0 
 16 6 
 13.3 
 17.6 
 19.S 
 23.9 
 26.4 
 
 20.3 
 
 19.8 
 ■221 
 26.0 
 18.0 
 
 20.1 
 
 18 7 
 20.6 
 24.2 
 
 62.2 
 64.4 
 66.9 
 840 
 45.0 
 41.3 
 601 
 65.0 
 60 
 49.0 
 62.1 
 
 B9.4 
 
 51.3 
 56.7 
 50.0 
 63.0 
 
 26.8 
 23.3 
 21.9 
 2-2.8 
 22.6 
 23.3 
 29.3 
 22.6 
 21.8 
 20.3 
 22.6 
 
 23.0 
 
 
 
 
 26.6 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 16.2 
 ■21.6 
 22.0 
 22.0 
 23.3 
 20.0 
 18.2 
 20.0 
 14.6 
 
 17. 
 28.6 
 •26.2 
 23.6 
 
 18 
 20.0 
 1.5.6 
 
 19 4 
 21.6 
 
 25.8 
 
 
 
 26.6 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 29 2 
 
 26 9 
 23.0 
 2.'i.0 
 23.0 
 
 27 9 
 27,8 
 
 83.0 
 
 24.4 
 27.1 
 28.0 
 24.6 
 
 25.0 
 
 22.3 
 ■25.0 
 24.0 
 
 38.11 35.6 
 34.8i 36.0 
 .39,11 28,8 
 39.6' 35.0 
 42.0| 41.2 
 30.0 36.6 
 
 26 V 
 29.2 
 
 Prescott 
 
 32 6 
 
 
 32.2 
 
 
 25.0 
 
 jRenftew 
 
 24.4 
 18.8 
 
 
 
 
 1V.3 
 
 
 17.6 
 
 14.0 
 16.5 
 lO.C 
 19.0 
 
 37.9 
 
 34.8 
 36.0 
 
 16.9 
 
 lf.4 
 16.2 
 18.6 
 14,4 
 
 14.7 
 
 18.3 
 
 16.7 
 16.1 
 20.0 
 15 
 
 15.3 
 
 22.7 
 
 23.8 
 216 
 21.4 
 19.1 
 
 
 
 26.4 
 
 Victoria 
 
 36.6 
 
 20.8 
 26.7 
 20.6 
 19. S 
 
 21.0 
 
 28.6 
 25.0 
 30.0 
 
 
 
 19.S 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 29.4' 33.0 
 
 iV.b 
 20.0 
 
 
 33.3 
 
 
 Sil.4 
 
 Averages . 
 
 16.1 
 
 14.3 
 14.7 
 18.6 
 
 18.0 
 
 36.8 
 
 21.4 
 
 22.0 
 ■2.6 
 28.3 
 
 63.0 
 
 
 
 19.7 
 
 
 17.0 
 17.5 
 27.5 
 
 21.6 
 
 16.1 
 19.1 
 16.7 
 
 Vll 
 
 20.2 
 
 32.3 
 
 32.4 
 
 18.0 
 23.3 
 27 5 
 
 19.8 
 21.0 
 16.7 
 
 39.0 
 60.0 
 50.0 
 
 22.3 
 
 
 39.2 40.0 
 33.0' 34 2 
 
 40.0 
 
 
 26.0 
 
 Averages 
 
 16.4 
 16.6 
 
 24.4 
 27.3 
 
 24.1 
 24.3 
 
 21.4 
 
 20.1 
 
 24.6 
 
 21.6 
 
 44.4 
 
 27.8 
 
 
 
 27.2 
 
 The Provihcb 
 
 24.0 
 
 10.6 
 
 16.9 
 
 16.0 
 
 24.0 
 
 19.7 
 
 74.1 
 
 22.6 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 23.8 
 
37 
 
 AVERAGE PEODUOTION. 
 
 TABLE No. VIII. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the average 
 production of Field Roots and Hay and Clover per acre in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 Bush. 
 
 Mahoold 
 wuktzbls. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Carrots. 
 Bush. 
 
 Turnips. 
 Bush. 
 
 Hat ahd Clovbr. 
 Tons. 
 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 169.1 
 176.6 
 157.7 
 136 6 
 ISfi.O 
 140.7 
 
 151.9 
 
 101 
 121 
 75 
 101 
 111 
 111 
 
 473.5 
 415 4 
 465.4 
 320.7 
 408.9 
 380.8 
 
 300 
 267 
 172 
 460 
 244 
 860 
 
 338.1 
 ■ 267.3 
 345.0 
 234 6 
 346.2 
 256.8 
 
 200 
 218 
 115 
 460 
 117 
 168 
 
 314,7 
 343.2 
 407 6 
 353.6 
 294.4 
 277.6 
 
 200 
 242 
 119 
 400 
 290 
 300 
 
 1.50 
 1.60 
 1.67 
 1.63 
 1.62 
 1.72 
 
 1 68 
 
 Kent 
 
 1 60 
 
 
 1 69 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 1.66 
 
 
 1 40 
 
 Welland 
 
 1.60 
 
 
 
 
 103 
 
 418.9 
 
 286 
 
 296.9 
 
 ■ 229 
 
 183 
 400 
 367 
 
 369 
 
 349.8 
 
 383.3 
 3S6.1 
 316.6 
 
 339.3 
 
 276 
 
 260 
 287 
 369 
 
 321 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.66 
 
 
 
 
 167.9 
 1^9 6 
 106.7 
 
 83 
 
 87 
 127 
 
 101 
 
 393.3 
 454.5 
 395 
 
 280 
 366 
 420 
 
 360 
 
 331.7 
 397.6 
 288.3 
 
 368 6 
 
 1.46 
 1.40 
 1.17 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.72 
 
 
 1.60 
 
 
 1.65 
 
 
 
 
 129.0 
 
 433.2 
 
 - 1.61 
 
 
 
 
 122.2 
 166.6 
 
 144.9 
 
 103 
 108 
 
 105 
 
 646.2 
 483.8 
 
 606.6 
 
 465.4 
 511.4 
 606.2 
 647.9 
 616.9 
 463.3 
 368.3 
 
 509.1 
 
 444 
 318 
 
 361 
 
 420.0 
 400.4 
 
 456 
 370 
 
 430.6 
 
 44C/.7 
 
 433 3 
 
 406 
 328 
 
 386 
 
 1.20 
 1.60 
 
 1.68 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 409.5 
 
 413 
 
 1.32 
 
 1.66 
 
 
 
 Mi'ldleeex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Pert J 
 
 179.7 
 17.(.4 
 172.9 
 182 
 148.4 
 165.6 
 166.0 
 
 76 
 
 fi3 
 11 . 
 
 63 
 100 
 
 9.", 
 161 
 
 90 
 
 76 
 
 109 
 
 130 
 
 93 
 
 65 
 
 80 
 
 76 
 
 100 
 
 105 
 
 334 
 337 
 448 
 244 
 371 
 400 
 330 
 
 337 7 
 396 1 
 446 3 
 488 6 
 401 6 
 • 360.0 
 290.0 
 
 273 
 422 
 376 
 269 
 3«5 
 444 
 396 
 
 410.6 
 461.0 
 . 6.0.S 
 498.6 
 467.4 
 396 4 
 421.4 
 
 292 
 206 
 300 
 142 
 276 
 261 
 1:97 
 
 1.63 
 1.60 
 1.73 
 1.67 
 1.61 
 1.91 
 1.34 
 
 1.81 
 
 . 1.79 
 
 1.88 
 
 1.88 
 
 
 201 
 
 
 1.93 
 
 
 1.95 
 
 
 
 Averag^es 
 
 167.2 
 
 146.9 
 l.'iS.D 
 154.7 
 168 8 
 173.6 
 188 
 186.8 
 179 8 
 126.6 
 
 331 
 
 890.6 
 
 343 
 
 464 1 
 
 261 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.89 
 
 
 
 
 333 2 
 60 .3 
 466.7 
 64H.7 
 616 7 
 5 68 
 461.8 
 483.3 
 290.0 
 
 340 
 526 
 300 
 290 
 464 
 434 
 889 
 407 
 ■ 166 
 
 261.0 
 407.1 
 367 9 
 481.7 
 4.'i7.1 
 463.4 
 406.5 
 308.3 
 168.9 
 
 325 
 433 
 40i> 
 242 
 40^ 
 4i7 
 370 
 383 
 195 
 
 i93.1 
 466.6 
 4.i6.0 
 499.9 
 4724 
 488.0 
 483.2 
 4)0.6 
 197.8 
 
 300 
 406 
 3h7 
 242 
 273 
 333 
 896 
 336 
 112 
 
 1.60 
 1.70 
 1.61 
 1.42 
 1.67 
 1..'.2 
 1.31 
 1.28 
 1.16 
 
 1.20 
 
 
 1.91 
 
 Haltun 
 
 Peel : 
 
 York 
 
 181 
 2.11 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.91 
 
 
 1.53 
 
 
 1.67 
 
 
 
 
 168.4 
 
 87 
 
 485.9 
 
 412 
 
 410.4 
 
 373 
 
 463.7 
 
 342 
 
 1.46 
 
 1 74 
 
 
 
 Lenndx and Addjngton 
 
 157.2 
 158.6 
 1815 
 riSO.O 
 126.0 
 183.9 
 208 3 
 160.0 
 194.2 
 179 8 
 191.9 
 
 70 
 
 80 
 
 97 
 
 106 
 
 132 
 
 136 
 
 112 
 
 75 
 
 100 
 
 124 
 
 180 
 
 270.0 
 32.6.0 
 6116 
 340.0 
 356.4 
 400.0 
 300.0 
 423.2 
 465.3 
 319 4 
 466.0 
 
 400 
 400 
 430 
 412 
 300 
 300 
 3U0 
 300 
 400 
 433 
 303 
 
 387 
 
 220.0 
 232.6 
 338,6 
 412 6 
 376.0 
 350.0 
 289 3 
 395.3 
 414.0 
 286.0 
 380.0 
 
 362.8 
 
 200 
 2.'.0 
 300 
 300 
 200 
 250 
 360 
 260 
 400 
 383 
 278 
 
 220.0 
 227.5 
 438.9 
 266.7 
 200 
 300.0 
 391.7 
 368 3 
 413 3 
 356.0 
 , 370.0 
 
 160 
 176 
 412 
 360 
 200 
 220 
 233 
 260 
 300 
 300 
 365 
 
 1.05 
 1.18 
 1.16 
 1.31 
 1.39 
 1.36 
 1.36 
 1.13 
 1.12 
 .92 
 1.25 
 
 1 72 
 1.86 
 
 
 1,86 
 
 
 1.97 
 
 Stormont 
 
 2 03 
 
 
 2.25 
 
 Prescott 
 
 RuBsell 
 
 2.00 
 1.90 
 
 Carleton .... 
 
 1.67 
 
 
 1.81 
 
 Lanark 
 
 1.98 
 
 Averagea 
 
 180.4 
 
 104 
 
 414.3 
 
 482.4 
 430.7 
 300.0 
 318.0 
 
 334 
 
 361.3 
 
 292 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.88 
 
 T^ictoria 
 
 189.4 
 169.9 
 242.9 
 133.2 
 
 102 
 
 108 
 
 75 
 
 111 
 
 383 
 318 
 300 
 260 
 
 383.8 
 356.3 
 300.0 
 281.1 
 
 364.2 
 
 370 
 338 
 260 
 260 
 
 423.0 
 398 7 
 337.6 
 275.3 
 
 260 
 380 
 180 
 200 
 
 1.01 
 
 .93 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.47 
 
 1.71 
 
 
 
 
 1.33 
 
 Haatings 
 
 1.67 
 
 
 159.8 
 
 106 
 
 423.3 
 
 338 
 
 334 
 
 390.6 
 
 270 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.69 
 
 
 
 
 160.6 
 172.6 
 178.6 
 
 117 
 133 
 134 
 
 250.0 
 358.3 
 633.3 
 
 338 
 200 
 300 
 
 326.3 
 400 
 833.3 
 
 228 
 176 
 200 
 
 814.8 
 290.6 
 457.1 
 
 267 
 283 
 380 
 
 .96 
 1,15 
 1.76 
 
 1.64 
 
 
 1.33 
 
 Algoma 
 
 1.60 
 
 Averages 
 
 168.1 
 
 126 
 
 372.6 
 
 279 
 
 339.2 
 
 205 
 
 333.3 
 
 297 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.63 
 
 
 163.2 
 
 98 
 
 471.9 
 
 363 
 
 382.0 
 
 364 
 
 426.2 
 
 304 
 
 1.39 
 
 • 1.76 
 
 
 
38 
 
 MAEKET PRICES. 
 
 TABLE No. IX. — Showing the average prices of Agricultural and Animal Products at 
 the leading markets- of Ontario, for July, Augu.st, Si'ptember and October, and the 
 monthly averages for the Province ; also the Live Stock markets of Toronto and 
 Montreal, in the years 1883 and 1884. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 TOKONTO Pkoduce Mabket. 
 
 Flour, Sup. Ex per bbl 
 
 " Extra " 
 
 Fall Wheat .per bush 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats ', 
 
 Peas 
 
 Eye 
 
 Potatoes per bag 
 
 Apples per bbl. 
 
 Hogs per owt. 
 
 Butter per lb. 
 
 Eggs per doz. 
 
 Wool (coarse) per lb. 
 
 " (fine) " 
 
 Toronto Street Market. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats « 
 
 Peas " 
 
 Rye , 
 
 Potatoes per bag 
 
 A)iples per bbl. 
 
 Hay per ton 
 
 Hogs ; per cwt. 
 
 Butter per lb. 
 
 Beef (hind-quarters) per cwt. 
 
 " (fore-quarters) " 
 
 Mutton " 
 
 Lamb " 
 
 London. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Peas " 
 
 • GUELPH. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats ., " 
 
 Brantfoed. 
 
 Fall Wheat per bush. 
 
 Spring Wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats.'? 
 
 Peas " 
 
 July. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 5 04 
 4 76 
 1 06 
 1 09 
 
 40 
 74 
 62 
 78 
 4 00 
 8 18 
 14 
 16 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 00 
 1 04 
 
 44 
 73 
 61 
 91 
 
 11 95 
 
 8 17 
 16 
 
 9 22 
 
 6 04 
 
 7 78 
 
 8 25 
 
 05 
 54 
 40 
 76 
 
 52 
 37 
 68 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 00 
 
 53 
 
 38 
 
 4 69 
 
 4 58 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 07 
 
 46 
 
 42 
 
 80 
 
 61 
 
 75 
 
 8 43 
 15 
 16 
 19 
 
 84 
 
 12 71 
 
 8 73 
 
 19 
 
 1 00 
 
 51 
 44 
 71 
 
 1 03 
 1 03 
 
 48 
 42 
 70 
 
 1 05 
 
 105 
 
 53 
 
 42 
 
 August. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 4 87 
 
 4 62 
 
 94 
 
 97 
 
 40 
 74 
 61 
 67 
 1 79 
 8 22 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 24 
 
 93 
 
 44 
 74 
 61 
 68 
 
 10 64 
 
 8 22 
 
 18 
 
 8 33 
 
 5 39 
 
 6 16 
 
 7 84 
 
 87 
 89 
 54 
 39 
 73 
 
 90 
 90 
 64 
 38 
 
 86 
 89 
 53 
 37 
 60 
 
 4 93 
 4 81 
 1 09 
 
 1 12 
 66 
 40 
 79 
 56 
 98 
 
 2 88 
 8 36 
 
 14 
 16 
 19 
 27 
 
 1 08 
 1 12 
 
 44 
 
 99 
 
 3 38 
 
 10 83 
 
 8 53 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 96 
 51 
 41 
 73 
 
 September. 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 4 02 
 
 3 83 
 
 79 
 
 85 
 
 61 
 
 37 
 
 65 
 
 62 
 
 49 
 
 2 05 
 
 7 75 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 87 
 60 
 38 
 67 
 64 
 53 
 1 99 
 11 79 
 
 7 91 
 21 
 
 8 00 
 
 5 45 
 
 6 17 
 
 7 19 
 
 77 
 76 
 65 
 31 
 64 
 
 78 
 78 
 53 
 35 
 66 
 
 77 
 79 
 53 
 31 
 
 Octobbb. 
 
 21 
 06 
 14 
 15 
 67 
 A8 
 
 60 
 97 
 2 65 
 8 53 
 14 
 16 
 20 
 26 
 
 11 71 
 
 8 38 
 
 18 
 
 62 
 36 
 74 
 
 1 07 
 
 1 08 
 
 55 
 
 39 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 08 
 
 52 
 
 32 
 
 64 
 
 1884. 1883. 
 
 3 76, 
 
 3 56 
 
 - 78 
 
 81 
 
 61 
 
 32 
 
 61 
 
 58 
 
 46 
 
 1 63 
 
 6 90 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 60 
 
 34 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 ■52 
 
 1 29 
 
 11 79 
 
 7 06 
 
 21 
 
 7 87 
 
 5 06 
 
 5 98 
 
 74 
 74 
 51 
 27 
 62 
 
 76 
 76 
 51 
 29 
 61 
 
 74 
 74 
 50 
 29 
 60 
 
39 
 
 MARKET TniGEB.— Continued. 
 
 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 St. Thomas. 
 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 $ c. 
 
 9 0. 
 
 $ „. 
 
 9 c. 
 
 Pall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 ■ c 
 
 tt 
 
 97 
 97 
 65 
 44 
 90 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 00 
 
 69 
 
 40 
 
 75 
 
 90 
 90 
 62 
 39 
 76 
 
 1 05 
 
 1 00 
 
 69 
 
 40 
 75 
 
 78 
 78 
 
 3i' 
 
 62 
 
 1 04 
 
 1 04 
 
 60 
 
 36 
 
 61 
 
 71 
 71 
 48 
 27 
 60 
 
 1 06 
 
 1 03 
 
 60 
 
 33 
 
 63 
 
 Lindsay. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas -. .. 
 
 . per bush. 
 
 97 
 99 
 51 
 37 
 83 
 
 92 
 92 
 50 
 39 
 64 
 
 93 
 96 
 50 
 38 
 65 
 
 1 01 
 
 1 01 
 
 51 
 
 38 
 
 60 
 
 77 
 79 
 49 
 31 
 64 
 
 1 02 
 
 1 02 
 
 52 
 
 38 
 
 60 
 
 73 
 76 
 52 
 29 
 55 
 
 95 
 98 
 52 
 33 
 61 
 
 Belleville. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barley 
 
 Peas 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 63 
 71 
 
 56 
 73 
 
 
 57 
 73 
 
 
 57 
 73 
 
 58 
 55 
 
 61 
 73 
 
 Kingston. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barley 
 
 Peas 
 
 . per bush. 
 
 59 
 76 
 
 55 
 73 
 
 
 53 
 73 
 
 68 
 ■ 72 
 
 55 
 73 
 
 58 
 66 
 
 69 
 79 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eye 
 
 Peas 
 
 . per bush. 
 
 60 
 
 78 
 
 53 
 
 85 
 
 60 
 80 
 
 
 60 
 80 
 
 60 
 75 
 
 63 
 80 
 
 59 
 
 74 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beans 
 
 Corn 
 
 .per bush. 
 
 1 50 
 73 
 
 1 16 
 
 51 
 
 1 50 
 73 
 
 1 13 
 54 
 
 1 41 
 73 
 
 119 
 58 
 
 93 
 55 
 
 1 72 
 67 
 
 AviEiEAGE Prices fou the 
 Province. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 Pall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 . per bush. 
 
 99 
 1 01 
 55 
 40 
 74 
 61 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 03 
 
 54 
 
 43 
 
 71 
 
 ' 53 
 
 89 
 90 
 54 
 40 
 71 
 60 
 
 1 04 
 
 1 05 
 
 55 
 
 41 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 80 
 55 
 33 
 66 
 62 
 
 ■ 1 06 
 1 08 
 57 
 38 
 68 
 60 
 
 75 
 75 
 53 
 29 
 64 
 61 
 
 1 05 
 1 09 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Peas 
 
 58 
 35 
 70 
 61 
 
 LIVE STOCK MARKETS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TOKONTO. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cattle 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Lambs 
 
 Hogs 
 
 . . per cwt. 
 tt 
 
 5 02 
 
 4 43 
 
 5 21 
 
 6 13 
 
 5 84 
 5 63 
 4 30 
 
 4 43 
 4 16 
 
 "'s'ss' 
 
 5 07 
 
 6 38 
 3 08 
 5 88 
 
 4 03 
 4 00 
 
 "'s'ts' 
 
 4 60 
 
 "am 
 
 5 78 
 
 4 04 
 3 71 
 
 "'4'93' 
 
 4 46 
 
 4 21 
 3 47 
 
 5 35 
 
 Montreal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cattle 
 
 . .per owt. 
 . . each. 
 
 4 72 
 
 5 75 
 4 50 
 3 41 
 
 6 34 
 
 5 25 
 7 88 
 
 6 91 
 
 4 11 
 
 5 80 
 4 50 
 2 94 
 
 6 52 
 
 4 43 
 7 00 
 4 56 
 3 06 
 6 64 
 
 4 25 
 8 00 
 4 25 
 3 38 
 6 06 
 
 4 68 
 6 50 
 
 5 08 
 3 75 
 
 6 47 
 
 4 50 
 
 4, 15 
 
 Sheep . , :; 
 
 4 25 
 3 25 
 
 5 81 
 
 5 25 
 
 Lamba 
 
 Hogs 
 
 . . per owt. 
 
 3 78 
 5 85 
 
40 
 
 THE WEATHEE. 
 
 TABLE No. X.— Monthly temperatures for August, September and October, 1884, 
 shbwing the highest, the lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest, and the mean 
 temperatures of each month, as recorded at the principal stations in Ontario. 
 
 Month. 
 
 Tbmpebatuee. 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 05 
 
 1 
 
 02- 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 r 
 
 
 s 
 e 
 
 o 
 H 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 L 
 
 
 91.3 
 
 46.5 
 76.1 
 57.0 
 67.4 
 90.2 
 38.9 
 73.0 
 55.2 
 64.9 
 74.3 
 28.6 
 57.9 
 43.4 
 51.1 
 
 88.3 
 39.9 
 77.8 
 53.6 
 66.6 
 87.8 
 29.9 
 74.8 
 52.9 
 65.1 
 79.8 
 23.9 
 60.1 
 39.4 
 51.0 
 
 94.0 
 40.6 
 80.9 
 56.1 
 69.9 
 93.1 
 38.6 
 80.3 
 55.3 
 68.3 
 87.3 
 23.1 
 63.5 
 41.8 
 53.3 
 
 90.0 
 36.6 
 
 75.2 
 51.2 
 64.3 
 88.9 
 28.6 
 72.2 
 51.0 
 61.5 
 78.4 
 22.5 
 57.2 
 39 9 
 48,5 
 
 
 
 94.8 
 45.5 
 79.7 
 56.2 
 69.5 
 93.3 
 34.1 
 77.4 
 51.9 
 66.1 
 85.8 
 19.9 
 62.8 
 38.4 
 53.0 
 
 89.6 
 44.1 
 76.8 
 54.7 
 65.6 
 85.2 
 34.9 
 71.5 
 51.6 
 62.2 
 81.5 
 24.3 
 56.8 
 39.7 
 49.0 
 
 91.7 
 42.1 
 77.4 
 55.0 
 68.3 
 92.6 
 35.1 
 76.6 
 51.6 
 64.2 
 77.7 
 19.0 
 58.6 
 39.2 
 48.8 
 
 90.1 
 41.0 
 74.8 
 53.7 
 66.2. 
 88.6 
 36.0 
 71.5 
 51.4 
 61.9 
 77.1 
 22.4 
 57.1 
 35.9 
 49.9 
 
 94.8 
 39.7 
 80.4 
 56.0 
 67.7 
 90.3 
 28.7 
 73.2 
 52.0 
 61.7 
 72.6 
 20.3 
 54.0 
 38.7 
 46.2 
 
 o 
 
 94 6 
 
 
 Lowetit 
 
 38 
 
 August 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest ...'.. 
 Monthly mean . . . 
 Highest . 
 
 81.1 
 57 6 
 67.2 
 93.6 
 
 
 
 30.7 
 
 September 
 
 Mean highest .... 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean . . . 
 Highest 
 
 72 4 
 47 3 
 61.3 
 72.2 
 
 
 Lowest 
 
 22.0 
 
 October 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean . . . 
 
 56 4 
 35.1 
 
 44.4 
 
 TABLE No. XI. — Monthly Summary of the average fall of Rain and Snow, in the several 
 districts of Ontario for August, September and October, 1884. 
 
 
 * 
 
 W. AND S. W. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 AND N. 
 
 Cbntee. 
 
 E. AND N. E. 
 
 Months. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 1.94 
 2.05 
 3.58 
 
 ■ ois" 
 
 1.42 
 3.45 
 3.96 
 
 "iio." 
 
 1.62 
 2.81 
 2.02 
 
 "6!4"' 
 
 2.42 
 2.35 
 2.27 
 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 (1884 
 ■ ■ • ( 1883 
 
 "Hh" 
 
 Totals 
 
 7.57 
 6.50 
 
 0.8 
 
 s. 
 
 8.83 
 5.36 
 
 4.0 
 
 s. 
 
 6.45 
 6.03 
 
 0.4 
 
 S. 
 
 7.04 
 7.06 
 
 0.7 
 
 S. 
 
 TABLE No. XII. — Monthly Summary of Sunshine in Ontario during August, September 
 and October, 1884, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon each 
 month, the hours of registered Sunshine, and the totals for the three months. 
 
 Months. 
 
 §1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 to 
 
 O 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 d 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 E3 
 
 ■S 
 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 w'' 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 oa 
 
 H 
 
 & 
 
 ;3 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 O 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 434.5 
 
 250.1 
 
 264.0 
 
 183.3 
 
 281.1 
 
 279.4 
 
 272 6 
 
 223 7 
 
 290 2 
 
 259 1 
 
 248 4 
 
 September ' 
 
 376.3 
 
 198.7 
 
 211.5 
 
 150.2 
 
 214 2 
 
 
 208 9 
 
 *119 7 
 
 228 8 
 
 188.7 
 101.1 
 
 548.9 
 
 145 8 
 
 October 
 
 340.2 
 
 130.6 
 
 136.2 
 
 92.7 
 
 137.7 
 
 
 137.3 
 
 102.6 
 
 127.0 
 
 25 5 
 
 
 
 'Totals {1|4 
 
 1151.0 
 
 579.4 
 
 611.7 
 
 426.2 
 
 633 .-0 
 
 
 618.8 
 
 446.0 
 
 646.0 
 
 419.7 
 
 1151.0 
 
 571.5 
 
 564.3 
 
 594.9 
 
 625.5 
 
 521.9 
 
 629.0 
 
 530.9 
 
 581.1 
 
 568.1 
 
 489.7 
 
 ' Barrie is incomplete for September. 
 
41 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XIII. — Summary of the fall of Haia and Snow in Ontario during the months 
 of August, September and October, of the year 1884, at the several stations, and the 
 jiumber of days on which Rain or Snow fell. 
 
 
 Obsekvees. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 
 Rain." 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 •s 
 
 1 
 
 .s 
 
 1 
 
 •3 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 p 
 
 1 
 
 •a 
 
 ■s 
 
 d 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 .1 
 
 QD 
 
 & 
 
 o ■ 
 
 i 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 7. 
 
 14 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 12 
 7 
 13 
 11 
 
 17 
 16 
 
 .7 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 12 
 11 
 13 
 11 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 p 
 
 S. 
 
 1 
 
 ESSBX— 
 
 W. E. "Wagstaff 
 
 1.46 
 1.14 
 1.62 
 
 1.65 
 2.90 
 2.86 
 3.46 
 1.74 
 
 1.60 
 2.51 
 2.63 
 1.84 
 2.60 
 
 1.53 
 1.10 
 2.05 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.61 
 1.78 
 1.81 
 1.32 
 1.26 
 1.66 
 1.49 
 
 0.70 
 0.80 
 0.73 
 0.72 
 0.99 
 0.84 
 
 0.84 
 
 1.78 
 1.12 
 
 9 
 5 
 6 
 
 9 
 6 
 5 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 9 
 10 
 5 
 8 
 9 
 
 5 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 8 
 9 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 
 13 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1.61 
 2.13 
 
 2.67 
 
 0.83 
 1 97 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 
 
 1.94 
 2.00 
 2.09 
 
 2.91 
 2.66 
 1.69 
 2.80 
 2.79 
 
 2.53 
 3.98 
 3 29 
 
 1 
 
 
 J. F. Kane 
 
 
 Windsor 
 
 A. Sinclair, M. A 
 
 W. R. Fellows .-.. 
 
 S- 
 
 s. ■ 
 s. 
 s. 
 s. 
 
 s. 
 
 sV 
 
 s. 
 
 0.5 
 
 1 
 
 Kent— 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 W. D. A. Ross 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 S. J. Pardo 
 
 
 
 1.63 
 1.43 
 ? 08 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Ridgetown 
 
 ThoB. Scane, P.L.S 
 
 D. H. Bedford 
 
 M. Payne 
 
 S. "Williams , 
 
 S. MaccoU 
 
 W. McCredie 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Elgin — 
 
 Port Stanley 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 
 
 1.59 
 2.10 
 2.06 
 2.41 
 
 2.47 
 
 1.58 
 1.74 
 1.97 
 
 1.43 
 
 1.85 
 2.05 
 2.38 
 2.04 
 2.08 
 1.74 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 4.96 
 3.78 
 
 2.60 
 2.55 
 3.35 
 
 1.19 
 
 4.17 
 3.12 
 3.81 
 4.58 
 3.74 
 5.33 
 
 2 
 
 
 "W. H. Draper 
 
 D. S. Patterson, B. A.... 
 
 1 
 
 NOBPOLK— 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 
 
 0.5 
 0.8 
 
 1 
 
 Prosper Winksell 
 
 R Grant 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Wellakd— 
 
 WpllanH 
 
 
 
 
 Lambton— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J S Mellor 
 
 
 
 
 
 S. 
 
 1 
 
 Watford 
 
 D Ross 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Martin Wattson 
 
 P. MoG. Brown 
 
 G Yates 
 
 
 
 
 
 S. 
 S. 
 S. 
 
 1 
 
 Paf rnl^n 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Oil Springs 
 
 Wilsoncrof t 
 
 Huron— 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 2 
 
 .T Tj Wilson 
 
 
 
 
 H. J. Strang, B. A 
 
 G. N. Mardonald 
 
 G Hess 
 
 
 
 3.30 
 3.00 
 3.58 
 4.59 
 2.87 
 4.02 
 
 2.83 
 2.33 
 2.97 
 3.17 
 2.73 
 
 16 
 16 
 11 
 7 
 12 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 4.18 
 4.55 
 4.28 
 1.64 
 2.79 
 4.27 
 
 5.52 
 4.0E 
 
 15 
 19 
 13 
 
 7 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 1] 
 
 7.0 
 3.0 
 2.5 
 6.0 
 1.9 
 3.6 
 
 7.C 
 
 7.E 
 
 2 
 
 Goderioh L. House. 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 John Varcoe 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Egmondville 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 G Hood . 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Bruce— 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 Mrs. K. Stewart 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lion's Head , . . 
 
 Point Clark 
 
 
 :::: 
 
 
 5.54 
 S.St 
 
 I 9 
 
 i 7 
 
 6.( 
 
 S. 
 
 ) 2 
 
 John Ray 
 
 0.91 
 
 7 
 
 
 . . . . 
 
 1 
 
42 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 ' TABLE No. XlII. — Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow ili Ontario during the months_ 
 of August, September and October, of the year 1884, at the several stations, and the 
 number of days on which Rain or Snow teli.— Continued. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Gket— 
 
 Bognor 
 
 Ipurh^m 
 
 Egremout . . . 
 Owen Sqund. 
 Presque Isle . 
 
 SiMCOK — 
 
 Barrie. 
 
 Coldwater . . . 
 Glencairn . . . 
 
 OrUlia 
 
 Coveiitiy 
 
 MiDDLESKX — 
 
 Grapton 
 
 Lucan ........ 
 
 Alisa Craig, . . 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Sjirathroy 
 
 lipndon 
 
 Wilton Grove . 
 Putnam 
 
 ■ OxpoEi). — 
 Woodatook . 
 Otterville . . 
 Princeton . . 
 
 Brant— 
 Brantford . . 
 St. George . 
 Paris 
 
 Perth— 
 Stratford . 
 Ijistowel . 
 Kirkton . . 
 
 ■Welungton- 
 
 Fergus 
 
 Guelph 
 
 Drayton 
 
 DUFFKRIN — 
 Orangeville . 
 
 XlNOOLN— 
 
 St. CMharinei . 
 
 Observers. 
 
 C. H. Heming. .. 
 Dr. GUnn ....... 
 
 G. J. McCuUoch. 
 John McXiean . . . 
 John McKenzie . 
 
 H. B. Spotton, M.A. 
 
 W. H. Manning 
 
 H. W.Stephens ..;.. 
 
 H. A. Pitton 
 
 John Caldwell 
 
 Janies Grant 
 
 W. Stanley 
 
 John Re^inie 
 
 A. t'ranois, M.D. 
 T.S. ChiUoner... 
 
 E. B. Reed 
 
 Hei^ry Anderson. . 
 Wm. Ugflow 
 
 Rev. N. Wolvfertoa, B. A, 
 
 Thomas Wright 
 
 David Beainer 
 
 T. M. Molntyre, M. A. , 
 
 Dr. E, B. Kitchen 
 
 John Kay 
 
 W. McBride,'M.A. 
 
 Alex.. McKay 
 
 Henry Doupe 
 
 A. D. Perrier 
 
 A. Shuttleworth . 
 W. Fitzgerald . . . 
 
 N. Gordon . . . 
 
 August. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 2. 78 
 1.0.5 
 1.21 
 1.12 
 0.56 
 
 0.58 
 1.50 
 0.94 
 1.12 
 0.90 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.43 
 
 1 
 
 1.61 
 
 2.10 
 
 0.67 
 
 1.97 
 
 A. Cameron . 
 
 1.29 
 3.08 
 1.58 
 
 1.94 
 2.82 
 2.49 
 
 4.36 
 1.69 
 1.97 
 
 2.69 
 1.77 
 1.81 
 
 1.89 
 
 2.dd 
 
 12 
 
 Snow. 
 
 September. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 3.95 
 
 3.32 
 
 5 
 
 2.09 
 
 1. 
 
 3.00 
 3.73 
 2.42 
 2.11 
 3 
 
 4.70 
 3.42 
 3.10 
 2.68 
 1.89 
 2.41 
 2.25 
 2.23 
 
 3.02 
 2.33 
 2.64 
 
 1.58 
 2.64 
 
 2.42 
 
 9.97 
 4.03 
 6.12 
 
 4.40 
 2:07 
 3.45 
 
 4.41 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 Snow. 
 
 1.31 6 
 
 October. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 6.31 
 2.71 
 3.39 
 4.41 
 4.90 
 
 1.84 
 4.96 
 2.59 
 2.40 
 
 Snow. 
 
 4.00 
 
 5.11 
 4.62 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 9.0 
 3.0 
 5.3 
 6.0 
 10.6 
 
 1.5 
 9.3 
 6.0 
 3.8 
 
 5.09 
 4.20 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 5.00 
 4.63 
 3.50 
 
 11 
 11 
 14 
 
 2.34 
 1.97 
 2.67 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 14 
 
 7.40 
 3.28 
 3.12 
 
 10 
 11 
 13 
 
 2.40 
 3.04 
 4.02 
 
 18 
 14 
 12 
 
 2.44 
 
 16 
 
 1.7S 
 
 JS 
 
 1.0 
 
 4.45 10 4.0 
 S 
 1.2 
 
 2.5 
 
 s. 
 
 s. 
 
 1.2 
 6.3 
 
 3.2 
 
 7.0 
 1.8 
 
 1.4 
 1.8 
 1.0 
 
 S. 
 
 4.0 3 
 
 S. 1 
 
43 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XIII. — Summary of the fall of Rairi'and Snow in Ontario dHiring'the months 
 of August, September and October, of the year 1884, at the several stations, and the 
 number of days on which Rain or Snow fell — poritinued. 
 
 
 Observers, 
 
 Adoust. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 
 Rain. ' 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Kain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 1 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 ■a 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 •3 
 d 
 
 a 
 
 t 
 
 QQ 
 
 •3 
 d 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 •s 
 
 1 
 
 Wbntwobth - 
 
 John Ireland 
 
 1.73 
 1.40 
 0.26 
 0.26 
 
 1.61 
 
 2.15 
 
 1.92 
 2.12 
 1.94 
 2.04 
 
 1.61 
 
 2.77 
 
 2.66 
 
 3.49 
 3.31 
 2.64 
 
 3. Si 
 
 2.70 
 1.64 
 
 1.92 
 
 1.16 
 
 2.82 
 
 1.33 
 0.97 
 2.88 
 1.18 
 1.65 
 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 8 
 9 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 2.06 
 1.50 
 2.12 
 2.12 
 
 3.11 
 
 4.87 
 
 3.34 
 3.19 
 5.22 
 2.49 
 
 3.69 
 3.54 
 
 3.28 
 
 2.53 
 2.53 
 1.53 
 
 2.74 
 
 2.62 
 4.08 
 
 3.33 
 
 4.98 
 
 3.75 
 
 2.79 
 1.91 
 2.87 
 2.46 
 2.16 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 16 
 10 
 10 
 
 9 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 13 
 22 
 9 
 10 
 
 
 
 1.86 
 1.53 
 2.46 
 2.46 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.01 
 
 1.74 
 1.42 
 1.84 
 1.39 
 
 1.87 
 1.63 
 
 2.10 
 
 2.40 
 1.48 
 
 11 
 
 ■1 
 
 13 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 14 
 .7 
 10 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 S. 
 
 f, 
 
 North: Glanford . . . 
 Stouey Creek. 
 
 E I)ickensQn 
 
 
 
 
 C. T. Van Wagner 
 
 G. Dickson, B.A 
 
 S. 
 
 s. 
 
 2.2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Halton — 
 Georgetown 
 
 Peel— 
 
 firpHit 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dr Dixie 
 
 
 
 
 YOEK— 
 
 Capiaiu Sibbald 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.1 
 0.8 
 S. 
 S. 
 
 1.0 
 
 s. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Scarborotigh '.. 
 
 Ontakio— 
 Caunington 
 
 J. I\, Armstrong 
 
 K. Martin 
 
 R. C. Brandon 
 
 
 
 
 
 9, 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Rev. J. Middleton 
 
 
 DuEHAM— 
 Port Hope 
 
 ADniNGIQNr- 
 
 Glastonbury 
 
 Harrqwsmith 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 "R "FT "Riiittan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fbontenao— 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A 
 
 J. Burchill, P.L.S 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.49 
 
 2.32 
 2.65 
 
 2.62 
 
 17 
 
 i3 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 1, 
 
 0.1 
 0.8 
 
 s. 
 
 1 
 
 GeJ!NVII,LB— 
 
 Merrickville 
 
 Bdwardsburgh 
 
 Stormont— 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 James Smith, M.A 
 
 T W TTnv 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 PRElSCOTT— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cauibton— 
 
 nffa-nro 
 
 jSr. McGUl, M.A 
 
 A Shultz 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.73 
 
 2.61 
 3.48 
 3.40 
 2.10 
 1.61 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 s. 
 
 1.0 
 
 s. 
 
 0.5 
 1.0 
 
 s. 
 
 2 
 
 Rbnfbbw — 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 P^/»lrliflFo 
 
 W. H. Mclntyre 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 W. E. SmaUfield 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
44 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. XIII. — ^Summary of the fall of Rain and Snow in Ontario during the months 
 of August, September and (October, of the year 1884, at the several stations, and the 
 number of days on which Rain or Snow fell — Continued. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Peterbobotigh- 
 Ennismore . . . 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Lakefield . . . . . 
 Peterborough . 
 Norwood 
 
 Halibueton — 
 
 Hastings — 
 Bancroft . . 
 Belleville.. 
 Deseronto . 
 L'Amable . 
 Stirling . . . 
 Trenton . 
 
 Shannonville . 
 
 MusKOKA— 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Gravenhurst. . 
 Braoebridge . . 
 
 Bala 
 
 Hillside 
 
 Hoodstown . . . 
 
 Paeet Sound — 
 Parry Sound 
 Beggsboro' . . 
 
 NlPISSING— 
 
 Sturgeon Falls , 
 
 Obseevkes. 
 
 August. 
 
 Kain. 
 
 Lanaek — 
 Oliver's Ferry A. E. Hume. 
 
 Victoeia — 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Bobcaygeon 
 
 Haliburton C. E. Stewart 
 
 Thomas Beall. 
 John Stewart . 
 
 Thomas Telford .... 
 C. O'Gorman, M.D. 
 
 S. Sheldrake 
 
 W. Tassiej LL.D... 
 Rev. J. Carmiohael . 
 
 I 
 
 ■J. Cleak 
 
 John Johnston . . . 
 Messrs. Rathbun 
 Benjamin Spur . . 
 Ben Butler . 
 
 John HoUingworth . . 
 
 P. M. Robinson 
 
 Wm. Simmons 
 
 E. B. Sutton 
 
 M. McAllister 
 
 C. J. Tisdall 
 
 Rev. R. Mosely. 
 A. McKenzie . . . 
 
 Mrs. R. Lillie 
 
 2.83 
 2.24 
 
 2.80 
 2.82 
 2.92 
 3.43 
 
 1.65 
 
 1.61 
 3.45 
 3.21 
 1.57 
 2.85 
 
 W. G.Clark 3.21 
 
 Rev. T. J. Porter 2.57 
 
 2.49 
 0.85 
 0.78 
 1.59 
 1.87 
 1.90 
 
 1.25 
 1.78 
 
 1.90 
 
 Snow. 
 
 11 
 
 Sbpxkmbek. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 2.16 
 
 3.87 
 3.15 
 
 3.17 
 2.40 
 2.16 
 2.82 
 3.06 
 
 2.73 
 
 2.56 
 3.50 
 1.99 
 3.43 
 
 2.57 
 2.58 
 
 2.90 
 2.83 
 2.66 
 2.62 
 2.72 
 3.37 
 
 2.96 
 3.06 
 
 5.11 
 
 10 
 
 Snow. 
 
 OCTOBKK. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 1.53 
 
 1.92 
 2.48 
 
 2.08 
 2.20 
 1.34 
 2.00 
 1. 
 
 3.8 
 
 2.58 
 2.43 
 1.45 
 2.72 
 1.72 
 
 4.97 
 4.25 
 3.54 
 4.24 
 4.43 
 3.61 
 
 5.49 
 4.07 
 
 3.66 
 
 13 
 
 Snow. 
 
 1.0 
 S. 
 
 1.8 
 1.5 
 1.0 
 0.3 
 2.1 
 
 1.0 
 
 4.7 
 
 s. 
 
 2.0 
 
 S. 
 
 6.0 
 3.5 
 3.8 
 4.0 
 1.0 
 1.9 
 
 0.2 
 2.6 
 
 0.2 
 
 •a 
 
45 
 
 NOTES ON THE WEATHER. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Month of AtroDST. 
 
 Teeswater 
 
 WUsonoroft 
 
 Bognor 
 
 Denbigh 
 
 Egremont 
 
 St. George . . . . 
 EdwardsDurgh . 
 
 Northcote 
 
 Woodlawn 
 
 Sarnia 
 
 Glencairn. . . 
 Oil Springs. 
 Putnam 
 Wiarton 
 
 Weather to 18th very dry and hot ; 27th, very severe frost. ' 
 
 Weather very dry and hot. 
 
 Very hot, 92" in the shade on 17th ; 27th, frost. 
 
 24th, heavy frost ; 30th, leaves beginning to fall. 
 
 9th, 10th and 11th, hard frost. 
 
 15tii, wheat harvest finished ; 24th, frost ; 27th, fall wheat sown. 
 
 24th, frost. 
 
 Very hot, 90° to 94° in shade on several days ; 29th, killing frost. 
 
 17th, blackbirds flying south-west ; thousands of young fruit trees have 
 
 died from the effects of the May frost. 
 Month very dry ; water hard to get. 
 Harvest apple ripe on 16th. 
 Warm days ; nights chilly ; grain all well saved. 
 Warm and dry : cool nights ; 26th, frost. 
 High winds, hot and dry ; drought severe — springs drying up that were 
 
 never dry before ; 25th, vegetation wilting, potatoes dying. 
 Has been a fine harvest ; very warm. 
 Spring wheat cut on 12th. 
 Month hot and dry. 
 9th, sharp frost. 
 Fall wheat ended cutting on 2nd; 11th, cutting spring wheat; 20th, 
 
 swallows and other summer birds gone. 
 30th, leaves turning. 
 20th, great drought prevails ; pastures burnt up ; leaves falling ; trees 
 
 changing colour ; looks as if the season were two months further 
 
 ahead than it is. 
 4th, harvest beginning ; 23rd, fruit and other trees suffering from want 
 
 of rain ; 25th, sharp frost ; no after grass in meadows because of the 
 
 severe drought. 
 Frost on 8th ; destructive frost on 26th. 
 Heavy frost on 24th. 
 
 Month of Septembeb. 
 
 Cottam. Frost 18th and 20th. 
 
 Birnam 16th, fall wheat finished seeding ; 18th the drought still continues, and it is 
 
 felt with terrible effect by' farmers and cheese factories ; some are 
 
 feeding their cattle with grain and hay in the barns ; no swallows seen 
 
 here since the 1st of July. 
 
 Listowel 5th, swallows last seen. 
 
 Beggsboro 29th, harvest safely over, and crops good except hay ; much stock must 
 
 be sold for want of winter food. 
 Glastonbury ] 6th, fall grain sowing ; 14th, severe frost, killing clover. 
 
 Hillside 
 
 Hoddstown 
 
 North Glanford 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Kirkton 
 
 Haliburton. . 
 Birnam 
 
 Clontarf. 
 
 Bancroft 
 
 Glastonbury . 
 
 HiUside . 
 Sarnia. 
 
 Kirkton . 
 
 St. George 
 
 Copetown 
 
 North Glanford . 
 
 Hoodstown 
 
 Bognor 
 
 Princeton 
 
 Glastonbury . 
 Graventiurst . 
 
 Kirkton 
 
 Ennismore. . . 
 
 Cottam 
 
 Woodlawn . . . 
 Oil Springs . . 
 
 Birnam 
 
 Dealtown. 
 Listowel. . 
 
 Month very fine for late harvesting. 
 
 1st to 18th has been a very dry spell ; water has- been very scarce ; pas- 
 tures burnt up and fall wheat could not grow : first frost on 17th. 
 
 2nd, sowing fall wheat commenced ; 15th, blackbirds left ; 30th, leaves 
 changing colour. 
 
 17th, seeding finished. 
 
 17th, strong frost, killing corn, etc. 
 
 14th, first frost with ice ; 25th, seeding all done ; 29th, wheat growing well. 
 
 12th, leaves changing colour. 
 
 4th, harvest nearly finished. 
 
 24th, high south-west wind ; half of the apple crop blown off. 
 
 Month of October. 
 
 9th, leaves falling. 
 
 9th, first frost of season. 
 
 23rd, last bluebird seen ; 25th, last robin. 
 
 Wild geese going south on 4th. 
 
 16th, last swallow seen and first wild geese. , . 
 
 15th, robins left ; 29th, wheat, I think, never looked better at this time. 
 
 Strawberries and violets in bloom on 20th ; ripe raspberries gathered ; 
 great crops of mushrooms. . , ■ . . 
 
 31st, fall wheat looks very good around here ; the fall rain which began 
 in the latter part of September has brought the pastures along splen- 
 didly ; there was a fine crop of applet through this section of the 
 Province ; the trees appear to have fully recovered from the blight of 
 last year. , 
 
 9th, first frost that killed tender vines. 
 
 Robins and crows gone on 21st ; 31st, turnips all in. 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS: 
 
 3yr..A.-3r 15, isss. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The following report on the crops, live stock and other agricultural interests of the 
 Province has been compiled from information furnished by the regular correspondents of 
 the Bureau, in schedules filled up and returned on the 15th inst. The table of wages of 
 farm labourers has been prepared from returns made by 615 correspondents, and the 
 statement relative to self-binders is made on the authority of the manufacturers of these 
 implements. The weather tables have been prepared at the Meteorological Office. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau op Industeies, ' 
 
 Toronto, May, 1885. 
 
 FALL WHEAT. 
 
 The drought at seed time last fall made it difficult to get wheat land into a good state 
 of tilth, especially in clayey soil, and growth at first was slow and uneven ; but with a 
 steady temperature and warm showers throughout part of September and the whole of 
 October the young plants pushed forward rapidly, and the reports made by correspondents 
 of the Bureau at the beginning of November showed that the crop had then a most pro- 
 mising appearance in every part of the Province. Snow fell early and laid late, and the 
 winter was one of the longest, steadiest and coldest on record ; yet the reports received 
 now show that the w^ieat was almost in as good condition on the first of April as on the 
 first of November. Fortunately the rainfall during the winter was very slight, so that the 
 snow did not pack on the ground as it often does ; and, excepting in hollows and under 
 heavy banks alongside the fences, no smothering efiects were to be seen. But on the 
 knolls and high ridges the snow was swept off, and in such sitjiations the wheat was either 
 killed outright or very seriously injured. The greatest apparent damage, however, has 
 been caused by the hard frost and north-west winds of April and the low temperature of 
 the first ten days of May; but the plants remain firmly rooted in all soils, and the opinion 
 is generally expressed that with favourable growing weather a speedy recovery will be 
 made. Excepting in some localities of Waterloo county, where the wheat was killed by 
 winter exposure, and of Durham and Northumberland, where it was drowned out by 
 April floods, no wheat land has been ploughed up, nor is any likely to be. The only 
 insect pests of the wheat that are even mentioned by correspondents are the Hessian fly 
 and the wire worm, and these have done very little harm. 
 
 George Leak, Rochester, Essex: The wheat is good, but not so good as it promised when the snow 
 went ofE. It is very good on heavy clay soils, but considerable of the land in this township is of a mucky 
 nature, and on such soil the April frosts did a good deal of harm. 
 
 Walter Grubbej South Colchester, Essex : Tall wheat is this locality generally looking well, although 
 on the lake shore it is hurt by frost. 
 
T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : I see very few good fields of wheat, and they are on heavy land which 
 was well manured, or on clover sod. On light loamy soil there will not be more than half a crop. 
 
 R. C. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex : Above an average, but quite spotted ; will have plenty of weeds. 
 
 John Warnock, West Tilbury, Essex : Looks fair after the winter, but damaged a little by spring frosts. 
 Good on heavy clay, but damaged by worms and frost on light ground. 
 
 Dennis Kooheleau, Sandwich West, Essex : Not very good ; best on black loam ; damaged by frost and 
 . wind in April. 
 
 George Little, Sandwich East, Essex : It was looking very well until lately ; some worm or insect is 
 working in it now, where the land is light or mucky. On heavy clay it looks splendid. 
 
 S. McGee, Maiden, Essex : The general appearance of wheat is good ; it did not suffer materially from 
 frost, but the high winds of the past week have set it back. 
 
 N. A. Coste, Maiden, Essex ; The general condition of fall wheat is ^ood ; it does not seem to have been 
 injured by snow, ice or rain. The late frosts have done a little harm m high places, where it seems to be 
 dried up. Warm rains are much needed to bring it out. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : Very good conditions ; never better at this season of the year, but it is 
 better on clay than sandy soil. Little or no damage from snow, frost or insects, and none ploughed up. 
 
 A, M, Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex : Generally good ; damage by frost or insects veiy slight, and none 
 ploughed up. 
 
 John Buekland, Gosfield, Essex : Wheat wintered well, the best that it has for some years ; it is best 
 on the clay and gravelly soils. Frost on the 3rd of May injured it badly, but I think if we have favourable 
 weather it will recover. 
 
 William Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Wheat looks well and is beginning to grow nicely ; it is best on clay 
 loam ; on sandy and heavy clay soil it is not so good. A heavy frost about the first of the month turned it 
 yellow, but none is likely to be ploughed up. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : Very good on clay and gravel ; not so |rood on sand. The frost of 15th 
 of April did a good deal of damage on light soils. No damage by worms or msects, and none ploughed up. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : Very good where it was not exposed to drifting winds ; on high lands 
 where it was not covered with snow some of it is killed out, but none ploughed up. 
 
 George Russell, Mersea, Essex : Wheat in general is good, with the exception of a few places, where it 
 was exposed to the south-west wind from the Lake. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : On wet and undrained lands it looks poor, but on dry and well-drained 
 lands it looks exceptionally well. Very early sown wheat was injured some by the fly. 
 
 WUliam McConnick, Pelee Island, Essex : Wheat is generally good in this township ; some slightly 
 damaged by frost. 
 
 W. G. Fletcher, Tilbury East, Kent : Wheat above an average ; best on clay or loamy soil ; slightly 
 injured by frost after a thaw in winter. 
 
 Thomas Scane, Howard, Kent : Very fair, but light on heavy clay soil ; injured in spots by ice. The 
 wire worm did some injury last fall. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent : Good on gravel and on drained lands, but poor on stubble and undrained 
 
 James Macfarlane, Dover, Kent : Very good, but best on clay soils. Slightly injured in a few localities 
 not sheltered by wind-break of bush. 
 
 Thomas Bateman, Chatham, Kent : Wheat is in fair condition, but very backward. It came through the 
 winter in good condition, but has not improved much since, until the last few days. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Very fair and promising equal to last year ; best on clay soil. 
 
 L. E. Vogler, Zone, Kent : The general condition of wheat is good, but on low heavy soils it has been 
 somewhat injured by ice and the cold backward spring. 
 
 D. McKillop, Aldboro', Elgin : On light land wheat has been affected since about the 10th ult. to the 
 extent of ten per cent, by the frost. I never saw wheat look better when the snow disappeared. 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Wheat looks promising, but best on clay loam. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Fall wheat is improving ; looks best on heavy clay soil, but not so 
 good on loam and sand. It was injured last tall somewhat by wire worms. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : The wheat is very good, but not near so good as when the snow 
 left. Then, I suppose it looked the best ever seen at that season, but the long, cold spring, with so much 
 north-west winds, has reduced it at least fifteen per cent. 
 
 Charles Chute, Bayham, Elgin : The wheat looked fine when snow left the last of March, but the cold 
 raw winds and freezmg at night have told on the late sown and poorly put in ; as a whole it is looking weU 
 and best on loamy and gravelly soUs. ' 
 
 W. Y. Emery, Bayham, Elgin : Wheat is very good on all soils about here. 
 
 W. Watts, Bayham, Elgin : Fall wheat looks favourable on sandy or light soils, but not so well on 
 heavy or clayey soil. 
 
 W. McCredie, South Dorchester, Elgin : Wheat is looking excellent, especially on our clay loam. 
 
 Rohert Garnham, Houghton, Norfolk : On sandy loam the wheat is very promising at present, but on 
 low and flat land it is badly kiUed. ° i > 
 
George Cruise, WaUingham, Norfolk : On soils that are not too wet the wheat seldom looked better at 
 this season, but on wet places the plant is quite weak, although generally alive. 
 
 John Ostrander, Middleton, Norfolk : Fall wheat is good on all soils ; slight injury by winter or other 
 causes. 
 
 H. J. Barber, Townsend, NorfoUt : Wheat is in good condition on all soils ; very little injured in 
 any way. 
 
 L. N. CoUver, Townsend, Norfolk : On all our different soils the wheat is excellent. Some sown too 
 early was hurt by insects, but very little. 
 
 Robert Watson, Windham, Norfolk : On loamy or sandy soils the wheat is very good. 
 
 James MoKnight, Windham, Norfolk ; Very fine prospect for wheat at present; not much difference 
 as to soils, except on cold lands. 
 
 John H. Best, Walpole, Haldimand : Wheat very good ; some small plants hurt by late frosts, but the 
 warm rain that fell about the 6th inst. has improved it very much. 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : Wheat is making very slow growth, and from present appear- 
 ance it cannot be a full crop. Some fields are looking well, while others on low, mucky soil have been 
 severely injured, and a few have been ploughed up. 
 
 G. E. Fitzgerald, Rainham, Haldimand : Wheat is good where not frozen ; it is best on low, level 
 fields. 
 
 v. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand : Wheat is fair on sheltered fields ; wherever exposed it is 
 badly killed by frost. 
 
 Joseph Mumby, Moulton, Haldimand : Not very good ; best on clay soil ; free from worms and insects, 
 and none being ploughed up. 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Wheat is not so good as was anticipated six weeks ago ; a 
 good deal of injury has been done by ice and spring frost. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Wheat is generally good ; it is best on dry clay uplands. 
 
 Wm. Gowling, North Cayuga, Haldimand : About one-third destroj'ed by winter-killing and frosts ; 
 none ploughed up that 1 know of. ' 
 
 J. R. Smith, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Will be about half a crop ; injured by late frosts and dry 
 weather. 
 
 J. H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : Wheat is very poor ; best on clay soil. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand : Condition of fall wheat, fair. It was injured by frost after the 
 snow went off. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Wheat has the appearance of being an average crop; high lands have 
 been somewhat damaged by frost, high winds and drought. 
 
 John Misener, Wainfleet, Welland : Wheat is in a fair condition on all soils. The best worked fallows 
 that were finely pulverized suffered a good deal from snow in March, but the damage is not great. 
 
 J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : Wheat is good in this locality. 
 
 E. W. Farer, Humberstone, Welland : The general condition of wheat is good ; a slight injury has been 
 caused by spring frost, but none has been ploughed up. 
 
 ' J. M. Beam, Bertie, Welland : Wheat is in fair condition, with prospects of a good crop ; rather best 
 on sandy soil. 
 
 J. J. Sherk, Bertie, Welland : Wheat in this locality is not very good, having been considerably damaged 
 by snow and ice ; that which had a heavy top last fall seems to be injured the most. The weather through 
 the month of April was unfavourable, but it is now improving. 
 
 E A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : The condition of wheat generally in this locality is such that unless a 
 favourable change takes place the yield will not be up to the average. The damage has been done durmg 
 the last three weeks from frost. 
 
 James M. Cline, Bertie, Welland : Fall wheat looks well ; no discouraging reports from any quarter. 
 
 S. H. Van Everv, Pelham, Welland : Wheat is very good on sandy land, but not so good on loam or 
 clay, where it is sligfitly damaged by frost. 
 
 Joseph Garner, Pelham, Welland : Wheat fair on aU soils ; some damage done by cold wet weather the 
 last two weeks. 
 
 John Wilson, Thorold, Welland : Wheat is killed in spots, I think from ice, but not damaged to any 
 great extent. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : Wheat is good on all kinds of soil. 
 
 John Mclntyre, Crowland, Welland : Wheat is pretty good ; but it does not look as well as when spring 
 opened ; injured some by cold rain and frost. 
 
 James Smith, Willoughby, Welland : Condition fair ; best on high and well drained lands. 
 
 H. M. Beam, Willoughby, Welland : The general condition of wheat is only ordinary. It was injured 
 on high lands by cold dry winds in the latter part of April. 
 
 F. A. Hult, Stamford, Welland : Wheat is very good on all kinds of soil. 
 
 Wm. Parker, Stamford, Welland : Some fields are a good deal ^f^d being injured by i^^^^ 
 where water stooi on it. It is better on clay than sandy soil, owing to the clay liind being bettei drained. 
 
John Grant, Sombra, Lambton : Wheat looked well when the snow went off ; but the dry cold weather 
 of the latter half of April and first week in May, has prevented any actual growth. The late rains and warm 
 weather will recover it. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Wheat looks well on clay land, but poor on light soil. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Wheat stood the winter well, but the cold backward spring has 
 prevented it from growing. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Some fields look well while others are very patchy. On rich 
 well drained land wheat stood the winter well, while on new wet land it is badly injured ; none ploughed up. 
 
 Isaac Unsworth, Euphemia, Lambton : Wheat is good on all soils. 
 
 Wm. Mowbray, Moore, Lambton : Wheat is in excellent condition on every kind of soil. 
 
 Robert Montgomery, EnniskiUen, Lambton : Wheat is in good condition generally ; it is best on clay 
 loam. A slight injury was caused by spring frosts, but there are better prospects of a g«od crop than tor 
 many years. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : The general appearance of wheat is better than.it has been for some 
 years. It wintered well, but the dry cold spring has hindered growth. 
 
 Arch. Mclntyre, Brooke, Lambton : Scarcely up tp the average on wet soils or stubble land ; but on 
 well prepared and properly drained summer fallows the prospects are good. 
 
 J. R. Smith, Plympton, Lapibton : Wheat is generally good, but best on gravel soils. Should the pre- 
 sent warm weather continue we may expect an abundant crop. 
 
 Joseph Osborne, Plympton, Lambton : Not very good ; it has suffered severely from spring frost and 
 absence of warm rain. Some fields of old sod have been seriously injured by the wire-worm. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : Wheat in general is good ; on dry or well drained land it looks 
 well. 
 
 J. Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : Wheat is in very fail condition on the various soils, and there are pros- 
 pects •f a good crop. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Wheat is in fair condition, but is rather best on light soils. 
 
 T. McKay, Usborne, Huron : Wheat is very good here on all kinds of sojl. 
 
 D- S. Stuart, Hay, Huron : The condition of wheat in this locality is generally good on all kinds of soil. 
 It has not been damaged in any way, and the crop prospect is good. 
 
 N. Robson, HuUet, Huron : FaU wheat is good on all kinds of soil. 
 
 James Armstrong, Stanley, Huron : Wheat looks well on clay land, but towards Lake Huron, where the 
 land IS lighter, it is not quite so good. 
 
 G. E. CresBwell, Tuckersmith, Huron : The fall wheat never came through the wdnter in better con- 
 dition, but the cold and frost of the latter part of April and beginning of May have caused the young plant 
 on soils that are not well drained or manured to look feeble and sickly. The fine warm weather of the past 
 week has however caused a vast improvement, and should the present favourable weather continue we may 
 look for a fine crop. 
 
 Hugh Robb, Tuckersmith, Huron : The condition is very good generally ; rather best on loamy soil. 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Wheat wintered well, and where it has been sown on good land it 
 looks well. In some places it was smothered along the fences, but the damage is very slight. 
 
 John Beattie, McKillop, Huron : Fall wheat is pretty good on all soils ; it was slightly injured 
 along the fences by heavy snow drifts, but the damage is very little. 
 
 John Hislop, Grey, Huron : Wheat looks well in some fields, and where the laud is wet it has been 
 badly injured since the snow went away. 
 
 WilUam Young, Colborne, Huron : Fall wheat is very good, but best on light soils ; no damage from 
 any cause. ^' 
 
 John Varooe, Colborne, Huron : Wheat is very good on all kinds of soil this year. 
 
 George Hood, Morris, Huron : Wheat is good ; it looks best on light soils, but has been a little killed 
 along the fences where the snow laid heavy and late. 
 
 John Richmond, Morris, Huron : Wheat is good on well drained land, but looks thin on wet lands. 
 John Anderson East Wawanosh, Huron : Where wheat was sown early on light, well drained land it 
 looks weU : some killed out along the fences, where the snow laid on it heavy and late. 
 
 Robert Currie, East Wawanosh, Huron : The condition of wheat is good. Some spots were injured bv 
 cold, wet weather during the last month. r j j 
 
 Wm. McArthur, Ashfield, Huron : Wheat is in good condition, but Hght, loamy land looks the best. 
 _ Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Wheat is poor on hilly farms. The snow laid until late 
 m April, and the weather has been cold and wet until this week. . 
 
 Edwin Gaunt, West Wawanosh, Huron : On high and dry, light soils wheat is generally looking well. 
 Wherever the snow laid on it late, it seems to be very much killed out. = j b 
 
 A. Drummond, Howick, Huron: Fall wheat looks very fair ; it is best on rich soil with an open 
 Dottom ; no winter kilhng except under heavy snow drifts. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howick, Huron : The general condition of wheat is good ; on well drained lands it is extra 
 
Peter Clark, Culrosa, Bruce : On high and well cultivated laud, early sown fall wheat looks fairly well ; 
 on low land, undrained, and late sowing, it is poor, winter-killed and sickly looking. 
 
 Thomas Walsh, Huron, Bruce : The fields are very bare for this time of the year ; some of the best 
 fields have been absolutely frozen to death in the exposed part^. In passing over the country I see the crop 
 does not appear to hold the important position either in quantity or quality it did in previous years. 
 
 James Johnston, Carrick, Bruce : The fall wheat here will be about three-fourths of a full crop. Where 
 the snow did not lay in drifts and the ground was dry, the wheat is good ; on low, wet land, and where 
 deep drifts laid, wheat is smothered or rotted. 
 
 Lewis Lamb, Greenock, Bruce : The fall wheat promises an average crop and looks well, except where 
 snow drifts laid long, and where the surface was uneven ; clay soil compares favourably with loam or gravel. 
 
 A. S. Campbell, Kincardine, Bruce : Wheat has stood the winter well. On level, loainy soils, well 
 drained, it has a strong, healthy appearance, but on high-, stiff clay knolls or hills it is badly kiUed. 
 
 Daniel Sullivan, Brant, Bruce : Fall wheat came through the winter remarkably well, hardly any being 
 killed except where snow drifts laid heavily on it by the fences. The continued cold weather, however, has 
 given it a great set back, which it may recover when more genial weather comes, but it is very doubtful. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce; Bruce : The fall wheat generally has come well through the winter. Although 
 the winter has been remarkably severe, the cold was steady and the fields were well covered ; when the 
 thaw did come there were no alternations of warm days and frosty nights to cause injury. 
 
 Robert B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : In general it is badly smothered out by the heavy snow drifts 
 around the fences, hollows, and sheltered places, and there is a good deal killed 9ut where the ground was 
 bare during the severe frost. Take it all over we cannot at present look for more than ha.lf a crop. 
 
 Wm. Woodman, Amabel, Bruce : Not much grown in this section since the failure of two years ago ; 
 what I have seen is very spotted, being smothered in the low places and where the heavy snow drifts laid ; 
 I believe this applies to all soils alike. 
 
 M. J. Norris, Eastnor, Bruce : The fall wheat in this locality is good and does not seem to be injured 
 by the snows or frosts, or infected by any worms or insects. .» 
 
 James Shearer, Egremont, Grey : There is here and there a moderately good field of fall wheat to be 
 seen, but the general appearance is very patchy. Where the snow laid deep it is scalded out, and where 
 blown bare it was frozen or perished when spring opened. 
 
 Henry Byers, Normanby, Grey ; Wheat is very backward, but on light high land it is looking best. 
 
 Joseph MoArdle, Proton, Grey : There is not much fall wheat sown in this township, but the best is on 
 hght loamy land. It has the appearance of being over an average crop. 
 
 Wm. Irvine, Bentinck, Grey : Where not winter killed it is vigorous and looking well, but many fields 
 are very patchy, as the heavy snow drifts crusted towards the end of March and through April, consequently 
 much of it was smothered out. What remains is picking up well with the present warm weather. The lands 
 most exposed to the western winds are best, as the snow was almost off them before the crust formed. 
 
 George Binnie, Gleuelg, Grey : Fall wheat has come through the winter in good condition. There seems 
 to be no difference on the various soils. It is slightly injured around fences and spots where snow laid long. 
 
 Tkomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : Wheat bids fair for an average crop, but growth is backward. On 
 all kinds of soUs it is good except where the snow drifted on in the winter and laid long in the spring. 
 
 Wm. Milne, Osprey, Grey : There is very little fall wheat in this township ; what there is appears to be 
 uninjured by snow or frost.- The season seemed to suit it remarkably well. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : The condition of wheat is good, especially on light or gravelly soil ; on 
 heavy clay it is not so good, a great deal of it being heaved out of the ground. 
 
 George Clark, Euphrasia, Grey : The fall wheat has passed through the winter very nicely, but the cold 
 and wet weather of April and May has done considerable damage ; how much, it is just now hard to say. 
 
 James Latter, CoUingwood, Grey : Not a great deal sown, but it has come through the winter well'on 
 all soils ; in places near the fences it has been injured by heavy snow, whicl? wire fences would prevent. 
 
 Alex. Garvin, Derby, Grey : Most of the fall wheat is good ; a few fields have been injured by the snow. 
 
 Joseph M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : The appearance of fall wheat in this locality is promising, but best 
 on loamy soils ; on black, mucky and new land it was somewhat heaved by frosts m April, while on high 
 and well drained land it is in good condition. 
 
 Wm. H. Free, St. Vincent, Grey : Fall wheat is in very good condition, although it has not made much 
 growth this spring yet. 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Wheat has generally wintered well, but some was smothered owing to snow 
 being too deep ; heavy clay seems to have done best. 
 
 Robert Lawrence, West GwiUimbury, Simooe : Wheat appears first-class ; I think it shows better than 
 any other season in my remembrance. 
 
 Thomas G. Smith, Tossorontio, Simooe : Fall wheat looks remarkably well on all kinds of land. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Fall wheat never came out in the spring better than this season : 
 it looked very well. The month of May haa been hard on some land where tlie wheat was late and the land 
 springy ; a few fields look bad, but as a general thing it has the best appearance for years. 
 
 Michael Goyle, Sunnidalo, Simcoe : Fall wheat looks very poorly on account of the late, backward 
 spring, hard frosts and too much rain. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : On light soils fall wheat looks the best ; on clay it looks poorer ; it 
 is hurt a little by the late frosts and much rain. 
 
George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : Wheat never came out better in this township than it has this spring, 
 being good on all soils. 
 
 James Farney, Flos, Simcoe : The condition of fall wheat is healthy on heavy soils, but not so on light 
 soils, as the snow has injured the wheat by being too warm. 
 
 James Ross, Oro, Simcoe : Fall wheat is looking very well, and is not winter-kiUed except some pieces 
 near fences where the snow laid on it very late. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : Fall wheat looks very well on all soils in this neighbourhood, and is 
 not injured to any extent. 
 
 Archibald Thompson, Orillia, Simcoe : Fall wheat looks well, especially ou light soils ; it has been 
 injured slightly on heavy soils. 
 
 Benjamin Watterworth, Mosa, Middlesex : Wheat is about an average crop, but looks best where land 
 is thoroughly drained. Cold weather in the latter part of April and first of May did considerable damage, 
 but none will have to be ploughed up. 
 
 Richard Coad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Wheat is very good and an average breadth sown. I have never 
 seen the Ufent come through the winter in finer trim ; there has been very little damage by worms, and no 
 fall wheainis likely to be ploughed up. 
 
 W. E. Sawyer, Caradoc, Middlesex : Wheat is good ou sandy soil, but on low ground it has been 
 injured to some extent. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Fall wheat is very good, but best on uuderdrained land ; 
 it was slightly hurt by cold weather, but there will be none ploughed up. Altogether the wheat crop is very 
 promising. 
 
 C. Greenaway, Adelaide, Middlesex : The general condition of wheat is extra good. 
 
 Joshua Irvine, Lobo, Middlesex : The wheat is excellent on sandy soil and uuderdrained land, but very 
 poor on cold wet soil. 
 
 Peter Stewart, Williams West, Middlesex : Wheat is only in fair condition. The prospects were 
 splendid when the snow left, but since then the frost and cold winds, with dry weather, have kept it back 
 and killed a great deal of it. 
 
 N. McTaggart, Williams East, Middlesex : The condition of wheat is not as good as was expected when 
 the snow went off. It stood the winter well, but the late cold spring has injured it to some extent. 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex : Wheat is looking extra well in this locality. 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : Wheat is looking better this spring than I have seen it for over 
 forty years. 
 
 E. Jarvis, Oxford North, Oxford : Wheat is hardly up to an average ; there was some slight damage 
 done by frost. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : The wheat in this locality is first-class, and so far it has been injured 
 by nothmg. 
 
 James Anderson, Zorra East, Oxford : Wheat is fair ; the principal injury has been by frosts and wet 
 weather since April 10th. 
 
 John Wright, Oakland, Brant : Fall wheat is in good condition in this section. • 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Wheat is fair ; it has been winter-kiUed on any light son, and 
 fully twenty per cent, on sandy soil has been killed by the extreme frost. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : Wheat is fair, but damaged sUghtly by snow and frost. 
 Robert Beatty, Blanshard, Perth : The general condition of fall wheat is good, the soU being uniform. 
 In some places around the fences, where snow drifts were very deep, it is injured to some extent. 
 
 A. M. Druer, Blanshard, Perth : W-faeat is good, but somewhat backward on badly drained lands. I 
 , do not know of any wheat ploughed up this spring. 
 
 John Frame, Downie, Perth : The general condition of fall wheat is very good, but it has an unhealthy 
 colour on very heavy wet land. .< = > ^- u j 
 
 hi h\^d ^'^*''*''' ^°'*** Easthope, Perth : Wheat never looked better ; the plants are healthy and thick on 
 
 George Leversage FuUarton, Perth : Fall wheat looks remarkably well; some fields are a little back- 
 ward in consequence of late sowing last fall. The crop is full and even, and I do not know of a single field 
 that has to be ploughed up. , ^ a =iugTO uoiu 
 
 John Hodgson, Hibbert, Perth : Fall wheat is very good ou dry soil. 
 
 l,,f ^■■'^■i?''"!"'"''.?'''^^''^^/'''^-' The fall wheat looked exceedingly well when the snow went away, 
 Jh^ l^Z \ "^fw" ''^ ^"^ an injurious effect on it. A good deal of the weak plants have died whore 
 
 the ground was wet, but where it is dry or under-drained, the crop is looking fine. 
 
 rto J' ''' ^J''^?^^'"' ^W' F^''"i^ Wheat is very good on land well manured and summer-followed, but 
 lou hed u 7i '" begmnmg of May hurt it considerably. There is likely to be some 
 
 ^hrJH -^'f ,^':e»b'"i'^'V .Mo™ip|ton, Perth : Fall wheat in general is first-class on fallowed land. The soU 
 but ^reTt Sected fSS^ VTSt"rih^win'teVeTgtd^'"" ^'^ "'"' '^ '=°"'''"^'^^ '"''' 
 
Wm. Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington ; The general condition is good, but a little late on low, flat lands. 
 On high and exposed landa'it has been inj ured considerably by severe frosts. 
 
 Thomas MoOrae, Guelph. Wellington : On low or wet land it is a good deal winter-killed, or frozen out ; 
 on dry soils it is a little spotted. 
 
 Charles Nioldin, Pilkington, Wellington : Wheat is about the same on all soils. It was injured some 
 by the frosts in April, and some complained of worms in the fall where wheat was sown on stubble land, but 
 on the whole it has not looked better for some years. 
 
 John Black, Eramosa, Wellington : Wheat is very good, but rather the best on low land. Some was 
 injured by frost, but only on high or exposed fields. A little has been ploughed up, but to no great extent. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, W ellington : Wheat is very fair oonsiderirg the late season. On heavy clay soil it 
 stood the winter well. It appears to me to have received more injury from the frost last fall than this spring. 
 
 Robert A. Reed, Erin, Wellington : Wheat is poor on low and wet soil, but where the land is well 
 manured it is very good. It has not been injured to any extent by snow or frosts. 
 
 John McDonald, West Garafraxa, Wellington : Wheat is about as good as usual, but harrlly advanced 
 enough to givea definite report on it. It was injured some by spring frosts, but not much is likely to be 
 ploughed up. 
 
 John Strang, West Garafraxa, Wellington : When the snow went away the wheat looked well, but the 
 cold, wet spring has kept it back. I think it will be all right yet. 
 
 James Connell, Minto, Wellington : Wheat stood the winter well. On gravel bottom and drained 
 land it is very good, but on clay bottom and wet land it is very poor. 
 
 R. Rennelsou, Dumfries, Waterloo : Fall wheat looked well when the snow went away, but it soon 
 appeared that the higher parts of wheat ground had suffered from the very severe frosts of early winter. A 
 few fields in this locality have been almost entirely ploughed up. 
 
 Henry Lierch, Wilmot, Waterloo : Fall wheat is very good, but hurt a little by the frost. 
 
 Benjamin Beritt, Waterloo, Waterloo : Wheat looks well except on hills, where it has been injured by 
 • the frost, the snow having been blown off. 
 
 S. B. Snider, Waterloo, Waterloo : Wheat is fair ; injured some by the frost on high ground ; portions 
 have been ploughed up where the lands are very hilly. 
 
 George Bellinger, Wellesley and Easthope, Waterloo : The general condition is very good except on 
 hilly land, but on well cultivated and drained land it looks extra good. 
 
 J. B. Snyder, Woolwich, Waterloo : Wheat is very fair on all soils ; if any difference it is best on low 
 land. 
 
 Hugh McDougall, East Luther, Dufferin : Fall wheat is good. The soil does not seem to have effected 
 it as much as usual. Snow smothered it where drifts were deep along fences, but to no great extent. 
 
 David Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : Wheat is good on all kinds of soil here, and I cannot discover any 
 injury whatever. All fields look well and healthy, but very late. 
 
 John PoUey, Melancthon, Dufferin ; Wheat is above the average. That which was late sown is injured 
 the inost, and a small quantity is likely to be ploughed up. 
 
 Robert Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : It is at a stand at present, caused by wet and cold. 
 
 John H. Liudebury, Gainsborough, Lincoln ; Fall wheat appears very good and even on the ground, 
 not being injured to any extent by rain, snow or frost. I do not rejjiember ever seeing the wheat look better 
 at this time of the year, although it may have been larger. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : Wheat looks well, with fine close top, and generally equal on all soils, 
 as the clay is similar through here. On fields where the snow was blown off the frost killed the top ; this 
 will throw baclrsuch crops from an average. 
 
 James Oill, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Fall wheat is good in this locality, equally as good as last spring 
 at this time ; very slightly injured by the winter and spring frosts. 
 
 J. R. Snure, Louth, Lincoln : Wheat looks well, above the average ; on clay loam it has a splendid 
 appearance ; on sand it is rather poor, being hurt by the severe winter and long, cold spring. 
 
 George Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : The general condition is good, especially on clay soils, but con- 
 siderably injured along the lake by the snow drifting off. In the rest of the township it is very good. 
 
 John Secord, Grantham, Lincoln : The general condition of fall wheat is poor. The sandy soil is rather 
 least affected by snow ; where it has been well covered with snow it has come out all right. 
 
 Alex. Servos, Niagara, Lincoln : One month ago the wheatTpromised well, not appearing to be injured 
 by the winter. At this date it is not looking so well ; the frost^at nights seems to affect it. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : When the snow disappeared the wheat looked remarkably well. 
 The cold weather since seemed to put it back and I think it has killed some, but with a few exceptions that 
 which I have noticed is in good condition. This applies to clay and clay loam. It is generally better on the 
 sandy soil than on the others. 
 
 W. G. Fletcher, Binbrook, Wentworth : Wheat is very good— better on black loam than on heavy clay . 
 It has been injured some by snow, a little by ioe, and in some parts a good deal by the oi.ld, dry weather in 
 the latter part of April and first of May. 
 
 Eriand Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Generally extra good ; best on sandy soil ; injured only by the frost 
 on unsheltered places. 
 
 John Ireland, Ancaster, Wentworth : I estimate it injured to the extent of 20 per cent., the principal 
 
10 
 
 cause being the cold, backward weather after the snow left the ground. On light soils it is most damaged, 
 especially fields lying high or exposed to the north. No injury by snow, and very trifling by ice. None of 
 the wheat plant has been heaved by frost so far as I have seen, whether upon high or low ground. 
 
 George Allison, East Flamboro', Wentworth : Fall wheat never looked better. 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : Fall wheat, is looking fairly well, but has been greatly damaged by 
 April frosts. 
 
 E. Postans, Trafalgar, Halton : Fall wheat is looking very fine here— part in clay and part in sand and 
 gravel. The clay part looks the best, as snow and ice sheets injured some in the low spots, but I think very 
 Uttle has been injuredfrom any cause the past season. 
 
 William McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Fall wheat on the whole is in a splendid condition— the only 
 exception being high hills where the snow was blown off, leaving it exposed to the severe frosts of winter ; 
 and that may not be so bad as it looks, since the roots may be sound though the tops are withered. 
 
 John Campbell, Chinguacousy, Peel : Wheat has not looked better for the last six years in this township ; 
 it has a splendid appearance now — good top and healthy looking. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : Wheat came out in the spring in excellent condition, but has been 
 kept back to some extent by the cold and wet weather— perhaps a week or ten days later than usual. It 
 appears equally good on all soils. 
 
 W. T. Pattullo, Caledon, Peel : The wheat will prove to be an average crop if nothing intervenes to 
 prevent it before harvesting. On gravelly soils it is very good ; on low-lying lands it suffered somewhat 
 with the late frosts and general want of vegetation. 
 
 Henry Duncan, York, York : There are some very good fields ; others are considerably injured by the 
 frosts on rolling or exposed parts where the snow disappeared first ; also where the land is naturally wet and 
 not drained. 
 
 John Gibson, Markham, York : Fall wheat is rather late, but good ; it is mostly healthy looking. 
 
 John Beasley, King, York : It looks well, but some knolls have been killed by cold winds. I have never 
 seen it look better on low lands than it does this year. 
 
 J. Bartholomew, Whitchurch, York : Fall wheat looks pretty well in general ; some low fields have been 
 injured by so much rain and cold -weather since the snow went off. 
 
 , Joseph D. Davidson, North Gwillimbury, York : The most of the wheat that is killed appears to be on 
 thehighest land. That which is inclined to be gravelly appears to fare the worst. Some fields of this nature, 
 which in other years came through the safest, are the most hurt this year. When the snow went away the 
 wheat presented the finest appearance I have ever seen ; but the warm weather coming so soon after the 
 departure of the snow caused the wheat to start, which being followed by so much cold and frost caused a 
 great deal of damage— probably 20 per cent. 
 
 James McBrien, Whitby West, Ontario : What is not killed out, looks fair. It appears to vary with 
 the position of the land, the slope, etc. 
 
 William Smith, East Whitby, Ontario : Not a great deal sown here, but what there is appears good, 
 •with little difference on the various soils. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario ; It looks good wherever sheltered on all soils that are dry. The 
 wheat is first-class, only on exposed places where the snow was blown off, and there it has been kilUed. 
 
 George Smith, sr., Thorah, Ontario : The condition of the fall wheat is excellent on all soils. 
 
 Joseph McGrath, Mara, Ontario ; i<"all wheat looked very well when the snow went off, but we have bad 
 pretty heavy frosts since, and it is beginning to look a little delicate. It looks better on clay soils. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : The fall wheat is very much injured, and on low, undraiued land it is , 
 completely killed, a good deal being ploughed up and sown to spring crop. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Very little wheat sown in this township.- I only know of one field 
 vsathin a radius of five miles, an^ this is considerably winter-killed, probably by frost. 
 
 John Williams, Hamilton, Northumberland : Very little sown, but what there is seems in a fair average 
 condition. Perhaps about one-fourth was destroyed by the late frosts. 
 
 George Sanderson, Gramahe, Northumberland : Fall wheat is badly killed in this section. I thirik the 
 thaw in January killed a peat deal of it here, as where the snow did not go all off the wheat is not killed, 
 and some spots covered with water this spring are all dead. None ploughed up, but some are sowing spring 
 wheat on the killed spots. 
 
 G. F. Brisbin, Alnwick, Northumberland : Fall wheat looked well till the first of May, but it has been 
 injured by the frosts and so much wet weather. 
 
 R. P. Hurlburt, Percy, Northumberland : A fair average ; it looks the best on loamy soil and high 
 ground. Some spots appear slightly injured by the depth of snow. 
 
 _ Andrew M. Haight, Hallowell, Prince Edward : The condition of fall wheat is good on all kinds of soils ; 
 it has been injured very little. 
 
 A. J. File, M.D., Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : The condition of ?all wheat is only fair ; there was 
 very little sown, and that little was considerably injured, some fields being ploughed up. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Only a small acreage sown; but this appears excellent, 
 the best for years ; it is good on all soils, except low and wet land not well drained. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox : Very little fall wheat is sown here, but what there is looks well- 
 It was shghtly damaged by snow and ice, but none has been ploughed up. 
 
 Geo. Lott, Richmond, Lennox : Wheat is looking fairly well, but there is very little sown here. 
 
11 
 
 J. B. Aylesworth, Camden East, Lennox: Fall wheat is very good— best on high loamy soils, but 
 slightly winter-killed on clay soils. 
 
 James Lane, Denbigh, &o. , Lennox and Addington : No fall wheat sown in these townships. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenao : The winter has been favourable for fall wheat, and it looks well ; 
 it is best on clay loam. 
 
 John Donnelly, Portland, Frontenao : Fall wheat looks well, but backward ; no injury of any kind. 
 
 John Elkington, Palmerston and North and South Canonto, Frontenao : Very little fall wheat is sown 
 in thesB townships ; what there is has wintered well, being protected by snow until the 24th of April. 
 
 Wm. A, Webster, Lausdowne, Leeds : Wheat is very good ; the soil is all clay here. 
 
 Andrew Gray, South Crosby, Leeds : About one-half of the fall wheat has been destroyed here by 
 excessive wet weather. , 
 
 Alex. Thomson, Yonge, Leeds : Fall wheat never looked better in this section ; all we want now is warm 
 weather. 
 
 John A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds : Fall wheat generally is good on all soils this season. 
 
 Gideon Fairbairn, Edwardsburgh, GrenviUe : Wheat looks well on the various soils, but not much sown 
 here ; 102J acres returned on assessment roll against 239J last year. 
 
 Alex. Buchannan, South Gower, Greuville : Wheat looks very fair, but is best on heavy soils ; slightly 
 injured by frost, but none ploughed up. 
 
 G. T>. Dixon, Matilda, Dundas : Fall wheat is almost a total failure here owing to the deep snow. 
 
 William Kyle, Williamsburg, Dundas : Wheat very poor, but may be half a crop ; there is very little 
 sown. 
 
 E. L. White, Winchester, Dundas : Wheat is very bad ; best on clay loam ; a great deal of it will be 
 ploughed up in this section. 
 
 R. Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : The condition of wheat is not favourable. It was badly injured by 
 frost in April and May. 
 
 Thos. MoDonell, Charlottenburgh, Glengarry ; About one-third of the fall wheat will be ploughed up. 
 
 A. M. Campbell, Kenyon, Glengarry : Fall wheat may be about half a crop ; it is badly winter-killed. 
 None will be ploughed up, as fall wheat land here is all seeded for hay and allowed to remain. 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Locbiel, Glengarry : The condition is fair, but there is very little fall wheat sown here. 
 
 John Shields, West Hawksbury, Prescott : There is no fall wheat sown in this township. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell: Snow and water have killed out about one-third of the wheat, but 
 there was so little sown that it does not affect the general crop report. 
 
 James Rutherford, Osgoode, Carlebm : Fall wheat seems to be a failure ; destroyed by spring frosts. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : Wheat looks fair; it is good on' clay and gravelly soils, but was 
 injured some by frost in January. 
 
 Thos. G. Somerville, Fitzroy, Carleton : Fall wheat is very poor ; about one- half will be ploughed up. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton : Wheat has wintered well in this locality ; better than for some years. 
 There is not much sown. 
 
 Robert Shaw, Torbolton, Caileton : There are prospects of an average crop ; it is best on clay soil. 
 
 A. Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : Very little fall wheat is sown in this county ; what there is was injured by 
 frost in January. 
 
 A. Smallfield, Horton, Renfrew: Wheat is good on new land, but a failure on old land ; some will be 
 ploughed up. 
 
 Edward Byrne, Burgess North, Lanark: Fall wheat is good on both clay and sandy soil; none 
 ploughed up. 
 
 John Gibson, Bathurst, Lanark : Wheat has wintered well on all kinds of soil. The cold late spring has 
 damaged it to some extent on low undrained lands. 
 
 P. McKinley, North Elmsley, Lanark : Fall wheat is in good condition. 
 
 Wm. Brownlee, Dalhouaie, Lanark : The condition of fall wheat is good. 
 
 Wm. McGarry, Drummond, Lanark; wheat wintered well ; low places are now suffering from water, 
 but there will not be much ploughed up. 
 
 Peter Clark, Montague, Lanark : Fall wheat looks well on all kinds of soil. 
 
 William Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria : Fall wheat in general is looking very well. I have not heard of 
 any being winter-killed or injured by snow. 
 
 W. Sullivan, Emily, Victoria : In very poor condition generally, but on flat, sheltered land, it is good ; 
 badly killed by frosts in exposed lots, supposed to be in January after a heavy thaw. 
 
 A. Howkins, Eldon, Victoria : Very good, and I noticed where sown on soilof second ploughing it is by 
 far the best. In fact the fall wheat has not looked better for several years. 
 
 A. Sherwin, Fenelon, Victoria : Very fair ; good 6n high, light soil, but low and heavy soils suffer from 
 wet. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Fall wheat has come out in good condition, but was injured a trifle 
 by ice, say about five per cent. 
 
12 
 
 John Bailey, Laxton, Victoria : Fall wheat is good on all soils, not being injured any by snow or ice, 
 but it has grown very little yet, the season being so backward. 
 
 William Cookman, Somerville, Victoria : The fall wheat generally is in fair condition. _ There are some 
 fields that look bare, but the roots seem to be all right, and with such weather as we are having at present it 
 will show well in a few days. 
 
 Dawson Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro' : On the whole it is rather poor ; on light, porous soils fair, but 
 on clayey soil a failure. The want of snow in the early winter, and the cold, late spring, is the cause of 
 injury to fall wheat. There is likely to "be considerable wheat land resown this spring. 
 
 J. M. Drummond, Otonabee, Peterboro' : When the snow went off the fall wheat was very good and 
 entirely free from all injury, but for the last three weeks, owing to stormy, wet and cold weather, it has been 
 going back every day, so that now many fields look brown and patchy ; wet, heavy cla,y soils are the worst. 
 
 James Tindle, Smith, Peterboro': About one-half killed by freezing altogether; the snow being blown 
 off exposed it to intense frosts. The low lands seem to be the best. 
 
 Porter Preston, Belmont, Peterboro' : Fall wheat is in good condition where sown early ; the late sown 
 IS not so good. It looks best on heavy soils, and is not much winter-killed. 
 
 Daniel Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Wheat has been almost completely killed by frost ; the high 
 ands facing north-west look best. The present prospects are that at least nine-tenths will be ploughed up. 
 
 John Johnson, Thurlow, Hastings : There was not much fall wheat sown, but it looks well ; on low lands 
 It IS slightly injured. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : About half of it is winter-killed, and the rest is very backward. 
 It is best on dry, manured land. Ice and snow injured much around the fences and on flat lands. 
 
 J. R. Ketcheson, Madoc, Hastings : Fall wheat is generally good ; a mixture of clay and loam land shows 
 the best. Some fields are slightly injured by frost. 
 
 James McGregor, WoUaston, Hastings : Fall wheat is sown, here only to^a very limited extent, atd 
 appears badly winter-killed. The present appearances give promise of half a crop, which many prefer to 
 ploughing it up. 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : Fall wheat is good, but best on loamy land. The weather has not 
 mjured it. 
 
 Stephen Brundidge, Ryde, Muskoka : There is but little sown in this locality, but what there is never 
 looked better. 
 
 Charles Robertson, Cardwell, Muskoka : There is not much fall wheat sown here ; what there is appears 
 m good condition. It is not very good in low-lying places, where the drainage is not properly attended to. 
 
 . . ^j-*-- ^7°i, Tehkummah, Algoma : Very little fall wheat sown, and it does not look well ; it has been 
 injured by the snow lying too long. 
 
 J. H. Johnston, Sandfield, Algoma : There is very little fall wheat sown in this township ; what has 
 been is injured by late frosts. 
 
 WINTER RYE. 
 
 Winter rye is not grown as extensively as in former years ; but there are consider- 
 able areas on the old pine lands of Elgin, Oxford and Norfolk in the west, and of Lanark, 
 Renfrew and the northern parts of Hastings and Frontenac in the east. The crop has 
 come safely through the winter, and although thin on the ground it has a healthy look. 
 It has suffered less than wheat from the April weather. 
 
 George Leak, Rochester, Essex ; There is very little winter rye. I think what was sown ia in good 
 condition 
 
 John Warnook, West Tilbury, Essex : Good rye grows well on light soil, and stands the winter better 
 than wheat. 
 
 George Russell, Mersea, Essex : A little rye is grown on Point Pelee ; the condition is fair. 
 
 W. Y. Emery, Bayham, Elgin : Rye looks well. 
 
 George Cruise, Walsjngham, Norfolk : Not much sown, but in good condition what there is. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Considerable rye is grown here and is looking very well. 
 
 John Ostrander, Middleton, Norfolk : A considerable quantity of rye has bem sown, and invariably 
 looks well. 
 
 Joseph Mumby, Moulton, Haldimand : There is some rye grown here, and it is looking well. 
 
 Thomas Brown, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Winter rye is looking well here ; not mucK sown. 
 
 Wm. Gowling, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Very little rye sovra, and what there is looks very thin. 
 
 Chas. Henderson, Wainfleet, Welland : Some winter rye sown here and it looks very well. 
 
13 
 
 Duncan Schooley, Bertie, Welland : There are not over fifteen or twenty acres of rye sown in this 
 township. 
 
 Peter Melter, Pelham, Welland : Some rye sown here, and it is very good. 
 
 John Melntyre, Crowland, Welland : Very little rye grown here ; what is sown looks well. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : A little rye grown in this township for feeding purposes only. 
 It looks very well. 
 
 George Hess, Hay, Huron : Very little rye grown ; it looks fair. 
 
 Richard Goad, Ekfrid, Middlesex ; A little is grown for soiling and straw to bind corn shocks, and 
 seed for next year, by two or three farmers in tliis township. Very healthy but not very forward 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford ; Some rye is grown in the southern part of township : it is looking 
 well at this season of the year. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, Grimsby, Lincoln : But very little rye is grown in this townshipi That which I have 
 noticed is not doing very well ; it seems very thin on the ground. 
 
 George Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Very little grown and that chiefly for the straw ; where sown it looks 
 well. 
 
 Alexander Servos, Niagara, Lincoln ; Very little grown, but the condition is good ; it is chiefly grown 
 for pasture. 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham ; Rye is grown on light soil and looks well. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : Rye is grown to somo extent, but is partially killed. 
 
 James Brook, Caven, Durham : Some rye is grown, but not so much as formerly. It seems to be all 
 living, but very late. 
 
 John Williams, Hamilton, Northumberland : Quite a little rye is grown on light and gravelly land, and 
 it is in pretty good condition. 
 
 G. P. Brisbin, Alnwick, Northumberland : There is considerable rye sown, and it looks very well. 
 
 A. J. FUe, M.D., Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Rye has come out in good condition, but is backward. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : A large acreage of rye is sown, and it bids fair for a 
 good crop. 
 
 John A. Sprague, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Not a very large breadth of rye is sown, but it is look- 
 ing very well. 
 
 Jacob H. Roblin, Adolphustown, Lennox : Not much winter rye is grown here, but what there is 
 looks splendid. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernestown, Lennox : Very little rye is grown, but it is in good condition. 
 
 Thomas Briggs, Kingston, Frontenac : What rye has been sown looks well up to the present time. 
 
 William Thomson, Portland, Frontenac : Considerable rye is sown here, and it looks excellent. 
 
 John Elkington, Palmerston, Fr(mtenac : Rye is a favourite crop to seed down for cattle feed, and it 
 looks very well indeed. It was sown early, brairded well, and promises well. 
 
 T. P. Melville, Augusta and Edwardsburg, Grenville : There is some rye grown here, and its condition 
 is good. 
 
 J. C. Rutherford, Oxford, Grenville : Some winter rye is grown, and it looks well. 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, South Gower, GrenviUe : Not so much rye was sown as last year, owing to prices being 
 low. It is a very fair crop, the same conditions usually governng it as fall wheat. 
 
 Reuben Shaver, Mountain, Dundas : Considerable rye is grown, and it looks very fair. 
 
 Wm. Kyle, Williamsburgh, Dundas : Very little rye is grown here, and it is very poor looking. 
 
 John McRae, Roxburgh, Stormont : There is some winter rye grown here, and it looks well. 
 
 John McLellan, Clarence, Russell : A good deal of rye has been sown of late years ; but it don't pay, 
 and the farmers are giving it up. 
 
 I James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : A considerable quantity of rye was sown here ; the early sown 
 is looking well, but the late sown is only coming up. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton : Not much rye is sown, but what there is has wintered well. 
 
 James Collins, Brougham, Renfrew : There is not much rye grown here ; what was sown is looking 
 well. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew ; Winter rye is grown to some extent, but less than a few years ago ; 
 . its condition is good. 
 
 Thos. Wasmund, Radcliflfe and Raglan, Renfrew : A large quantity of rye is grown, and its condition is 
 good. 
 
 Wm. Selkirk, Petewawa, Renfrew : A good deal of rye is sown here, but it is about one-third winter- 
 killed. 
 
 Thomas Moss, South Sherbrooke, Lanark : Very little rye is sown here, but it is in good condition. 
 
 Wm. Brownlee, Dalhousie, Lanark : Not much rye grown, but its condition is very good this spring. 
 
 Isaac McKenzie, Drummond, Lanark : Very little rye grown as compared with some years ago ; its 
 condition is good. 
 
14 
 
 Gavin Hamilton, Bamsay, Lanark : Rye is grown to some extent and it looks favourable, although it 
 has made but little progress yet. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : There is some rye grovirn here, and its condition is good, 
 
 William Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Winter rye, like the fall wheat, was winter-killed on hilly 
 land. Vegetable life could not stand the extreme frost we had this winter. What is left looks fresh and 
 healthy. 
 
 Porter Preston, Belmont, Peterboro' : Considerable rye is grown ; it looks well and is in good condition, 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : The winter rye crop is very limited here, 
 being confined to a few German settlers on a small scale ; it seems to do fairly well. 
 
 Daniel Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : It has stood the winter well, but cold weather retards growth. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings ; Winter rye appears better than fall wheat. 
 
 James McGregor, WoUaston, Hastings : Winter rye is the chief fall crop, and it gives promise of an 
 average yield. 
 
 CLOVER. 
 
 The reports on clover are geneially favourable, but the crop is in a very backward 
 state. Spring frosts have hurt it in some localities, especially second year meadows on 
 loamy soils. The clover of last year's seeding has been but very slightly injured either 
 by winter or spring weather, but in the regions over which last summer's drought 
 extended it is weak and patchy. 
 
 George Leak, Rochester, Essex ; Clover is a little backward on account of the cold spring but generally 
 It looks well. It was not mjured by the winter, but suffered from spring frosts a little. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Clover stood the winter, but the drought and frost of this spring have 
 mjured it some ; it is looking better now. 
 
 R. C. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex: Pretty good ; clover of the second year is not po good as the first 
 year. ° 
 
 Wm. MiUen, Gosfield, Essex : Never better ; not at all heaved. Erost about the 1st inst. rather set it 
 back, but it has now quite recovered. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : The condition of the clover is good ; v»ry little hurt by frost or spring 
 
 John Coulter, Mersea, Essex : Clorer locks very well, but very backj*ard. It was not winter-killed, 
 but spring frost hurt it. ^.^..-u, 
 
 George Russell, Mersea, Essex : Clover this season is I think rather better than last year. It is not 
 much hurt by the winter. ■' 
 
 W. C. Fletcher, Tilbury East, Kent : Clover has wintered well, and is looking well now. 
 
 C. Da,rling, Howard, Kent : Winter weather was favourable to the clover crop, on account of its being 
 covered with snow ; the sprmg is so late that it has only started to grow. v-v."""i. ui oeing^ 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Oxford, Kent : Clover seemed to be a good catch last season, and was not much hurt m 
 
 s rin * weatW*^*"^*"^' ^°''^''' ''^^°* ' ^^""^ '^ '" ™''^ ^°°^ condition, and not much injured by winter or 
 Thomas Bateman, Chatham, Kent : Clover is in fair condition and not much injured by winter or 
 
 from^ScSyTstSif '"' ^''°* ' ''^^ "'"''^ "'"^ '' ^°°^- ^ ^^'^^ ^^^^'"'^ °' "lo^--^^^ was sold 
 A. J. C, Shaw, Camden, Kent: The new crop is very good; old meadows were hurt some by hard 
 
 A, Humphrey, Aldboro', Elgin : Clover looks well and is coming on finely. 
 
 D. McOallum, Dunwioh, Elgin : Clover looks well. The spring frosts damaged it, but none was heaved, 
 on lo'Sy^^'^il!'''"'"'' ^°"*'''^°^'^' ^^^" = "^^^ "^"^^"^ <=''°P '^ '° ■>'ery good condition ; it heaved out somewhat 
 seeding Kint^Wo^Shi^lTrd".' *-° y^^' ^"-^^ -<i over is badly kiUed, but clover of later 
 
 W. McCredie, South Dorchester, Elgin : Clover is all right, only kept back by the cold weather. 
 
 D. C. Brady, Houghton, Norfolk : Clover has been considerably winter-killed. 
 
 frost, 
 
15 
 
 George Cruise, Walsingham, Norfolk ; Clover is fair ; it has been pulled out by the frost to some extent 
 on heavy soils. 
 
 L. N. CoUver, Towusend, Norfolk ; Clover is very good ; it has been injured but a trifle. 
 
 Kobert Watson, Windham, Norfolk ; It has stood the winter well, but is very backward. 
 
 James MoKnight, Windham, Norfolk : Clover has wintered very well ; no damage. 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : Young clover is not much injured, but the old is nearly all killed 
 by spring frosts. 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Clover is looking remarkably well ; no damage to be seen. 
 
 Thomas Brown, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Clover is looking well, but backward ; it is heaved a little 
 by the frost. 
 
 Wm. Cowling, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Very fair ; some heaved by st)ring frosts. 
 
 J. R. Smith, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Clover is badly hurt by frost ; damaged in January and again 
 in March by frost. 
 
 J. D. Howser, Canborough, Haldimand : New seeding is good ; Alsike especially is good, but in old 
 meadows clover seems to be dead. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand ; Clover has been injured to some extent by heaving since the snow 
 went off. 
 
 F. A. Nellas, Seneca, Haldimand ; Good ; very slightly damaged in low black ground. 
 
 John Miseaer, Wainfleet, Welland : The catch was good, but the wet, cold weather has retarded growth, 
 
 W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : Clover is extremely good ; it has not been affected by winter or 
 spring frosts. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : Clover is first-class where not injured by the depredations of mice ; 
 no injury done so far as seen by the weather. 
 
 Dancan Schooley, Bertie, Welland : The clover crop is all right, and looking splendid so far. 
 
 Joseph Garner, Pelham, Wella)jd(: Clover is good, and not affected by winter or spring weather. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Orowland, Welland : Clover is good. In the early part of winter, before drifting com- 
 mpnoed, there was about six inches of snow on the ground, when a shower of rain fell and immediately froze 
 and remained so till near the first of April, by which the clover was completely preserved. 
 
 H. H. Beam, Willoughby, Welland : The general condition is good .; a. few fields affected by early 
 spring frosts. 
 
 Wm. Parker, Stamford, Welland : A good deal killed ; it was heaved out by the frost. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Owing to cold weather it is slow in coming forward ; it is raised up 
 some by the frost. 
 
 Jos. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Clover is starting to grow nicely ; very little injured by the 
 weather. 
 
 R. T. Marshall, Moore, Lambton : Clover is thin ; both old and new meadows are badly heaved out. 
 
 Robert Montgomery, Enniskillen, Lambton : The clover crop is not very promising'; spring frosts 
 affected it considerably. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : Clover does not appear to have stood the winter as well as fall wheat ; 
 it was badly killed out by winter frost on clay land. Very few old meadows are worth keeping for hay. 
 
 Joseph Osborne, Plympton, Lambton : Old clover of the second or third cutting was badly thrown out 
 by winter frosts. I had fourteen acres (only out once), but ploughed up eight acres and ought to plough up 
 the whole of it. 
 
 James Thomson, Warvrick, Lambton : Clover looks well ; very little injured by winter or spring frosts. 
 
 J. Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : Being well protected in winter* clover is in good condition, especially 
 young clover. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Clover is rather poor ; a considerable quantity of it was raised out 
 of the ground during the winter and early spring. 
 
 T. McKay, Usbprne, Huron : Clover looks well ; no injury done to it in this section. 
 
 N. Robson, HuUett, Huron : The clover crop is in good condition. 
 
 James Campbell, Stanlby, Huron : Clover only a medium crop ; considerably heaved by spring frosts. 
 
 G. B. Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : Owing to drought, etc., the clover sown in 1884 is very thin on 
 the ground ; large areas of land seeded in 1881 have been ploughed up. 
 
 John Rudd, Goderich, Huron : Very good ; some heaving by frost. 
 
 John Hislop, Grey, Huron : A good deal of clover has been smothered out with the snow. 
 
 Wm. Young, Colborne, Huron : It was nearly all ploughed up last fall. 
 
 John Varooe, Colborne, Huron : There is very little clover this year owing to the drought of last sum- 
 mer ; the young plant died for want of rain. 
 
 George Hood, Morris, Huron : Clover is backward, but not much heaved out. 
 
 Robert Ourrie, Bast Wawanosh, Huron ; Clover has stood the winter well ; fields seeded last spring are 
 spotted owing to the drought of last summer. 
 
16 
 
 W. Mo Arthur, Ashfield, Huron : dlover is in good condition this spring ; it has not been affected by 
 winter or spring frosts. 
 
 Edwin Gaunt, West Wawanosh, Huron : Clover is looking well, and if favourable growing weather 
 comes there will be a good crop. 
 
 A. Drummond, Howick, Huron : Clover is backward, but it has stood the winter fairly well. 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce ; Young clover is not very strong owing to the dry weather last fall. Old 
 clover has been thrown out some, but not to any extent. 
 
 William Welsh, Huron, Bruce : The catch was very poor last year owing to the drought. 
 
 James Johnston, Carriok, Bruce : It has not been hurt by winter or spring, but a good many fields are 
 thinly seeded on account of the dry summer of 1884. 
 
 Robert Russell, Greenock, Bruce : Clover appears to be very fair ; it is injured little, the frost not being 
 heavy enough to heave it out. 
 
 J. P. Mclntyre, Kincardine, Bruce : The clover has been badly affected by frost during the early spring. 
 
 Daniel Sullivan, Brant, Bruce: Pretty good; not much heaved, but very backward in growth on account 
 of the cold weather. 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : It is generally very good, especially young clover. In old meadows 
 it is very badly heaved by spring^ frosts ; this, however, will make no difference in regard to seed prospects. 
 
 Neil Cassidy, Saugeen, Bruce : It has stood the winter well, but is going back now on account of the 
 cold. 
 
 Robert B. Fleming* Saugeen, Bruce : It was only this week the snow cleared out of all the hollows so 
 that clover has hardly had time to start in the fields exposed to the north. In general it has stood the 
 winter well. 
 
 Wm. Woodman, Amabel, Bruce : I think the clover has sustained no damage from any source. 
 
 M. J. Norris, Eastnor, Bruce : The clover crop seems to have got over the winter and spring very well. 
 
 William Canfield, Egremont, Grey : Clover has the appearance of beijig a very good crop. 
 
 John Beeth, Normanby, Grey : Clover is injured to a small extent by being heaved out by the frost. 
 
 Joseph McArdle, Proton, Grey ; It looks very well and has the appearance of a good crop. 
 
 John McCallum, Bentinck, Grey ; Clover appears rather backward, but has stood the winter and spring 
 well. 
 
 George Binnie, Genelg, Grey : Clover has wintered in good order and promises well. 
 
 Robert Carruthers, Artemesia, Grey : The winter has not injured it at all, and the spring frost being 
 very light did not seem to affect it. There is a prospect for a good crop. 
 
 George B. Bristow, Osprey, Grey : Clover is very promising if we get warm weather, not being injured 
 to any extent. 
 
 Thomas Abercrombie, Euphrasia, Grey ; It appears generally good, being but very little heaved by 
 spring frosts. 
 
 Joseph M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : Clover is in good condition, being heaved very little. 
 
 William H. Free, St. Vincent, Grey ; The clover looks very well at present. The spring weather has 
 
 been favourable, there being no frosts to heave it. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Simooe : Young clover is very good ; old meadows are partly killed by spring 
 frosts. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simooe : Clover on dry land looks fine, but late ; no growth to this week. On 
 low, damp, swampy land it is heaved out and is lying on the ground dried up. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nottawasaga, Simooe : The clover and timothy crop is backward, but likely to be good if 
 the weather continues fine ; not much injured by winter or spring weather. 
 
 John Darby, Vespra, Simooe : The clover has come out good ; being covered with snow so late the 
 frost has not injured it. 
 
 James Ross, Oro, Simooe : The clover has grown but very little yet, but the plant seems all right ; not 
 damaged with frost to any extent. 
 
 R. C. Hipwell, Medonte, Simooe : A good deal of young clover has been totally killed, apparently by 
 the quantity of snow, as it seems to have rotted on the ground ; it was also heaved by frost on clay soil. 
 
 Archibald Thompson, Orillia, Simooe : Clover is backward, and on heavy clay lands is partly heaved 
 out by the roots. 
 
 Alex. Douglas, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Clover is generally good, but to some extent killed where the ground 
 IS not drained. 
 
 John Hutton, Metcalfe, Middlesex : Clover looks well, but the spring being cold it does not make muol\ 
 of an appearance as yet. 
 
 W. E. Sawyer, Caradoo, Middlesex : Clover is very good, but backward ; it has not been damaged. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex ; The clover crop is fair to good ; new seeded is fine. Second 
 and third year meadows have lost a number of plants by heaving with frost. 
 
 1). P. Aylsworth, Dorchester North, Middlesex : The condition of clover is very good, but there is not, 
 the quantity grown now that there was a few years ago on account of the seed being hard to get. 
 
17 
 
 Richard Jolliffe, Dorchester North, Middlesex : Meadows look pretty well ; clover has lifted considerably, 
 but enough is left for an average trop. 
 
 Wm. Elliott, Williams West, Middlesex : What was seeded last year is in good condition, but the second 
 crop is rather poor. The old crop has been heaved considerably, but the new crop not at all. 
 
 N. McTaggart, Williams East, Middlesex : On dry land clover looks promising, although somewhat 
 backward. 
 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex: It has been injured or heaved out in some places, especially on 
 heavy clay land, but very good on an average. 
 
 Wm. Wright, McGilUvray, Middlesex : In very good condition, but late. It stood the winter well and 
 is not badly heaved. Should the summer be favourable a fair hay crop may be expected. 
 
 James S. Grant, Biddulph, Middlesex : Clover of last year's sowing is looking well, although late ; it 
 has been withered by the cold spring weather. 
 
 Alex. McFarlaue, Norwich South, Oxford : It seems good on sand, but on clay it is backward on account 
 of the cold spring. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : The general appearance of clover is very fair, both old and new 
 seeding. Some exposed fields have been hurt to some extent, but not so bad as in former years. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : Judging from the fact that clover has not heaved by frost, I should say 
 it is in good condition, but there has been very little growth yet on account of cold weather. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Not very good, but enough for a crop if we get good weather. The 
 late spring has retarded the growth very much. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : The crop is fair as a general thing. It has come well through the 
 winter and spring. 
 
 Robert Beatty, Blanshard, Perth : Clover is very good, and has stood the winter and spring well ; very 
 little of it heaved out. i 
 
 Wm. Lang, Blanshard, Perth : Clover is looking very well, but a little backward owing to cold weather. 
 
 John Frame, Downie, Perth : The clover crop looks a little thin on the ground and not very healthy. 
 The spring weather has not injured it. 
 
 James Crerar, Easthope, Perth : Clover is good and thick, and not injured by weather. 
 
 Robert Francis, Fullarton, Perth ; The condition of clover is good. It has not been hurt to date. 
 
 George Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Clover is in good condition and promising, although late. 
 
 F. R. Hamilton, Hibbert, Perth : The new crop is fine, but last year's cut is nearly killed out. The 
 season being very late, there is no growth yet. 
 
 John Carmichael, Hibbert, Perth : Clover generally good in condition, although in some parts slightly 
 injured by spring frosts. 
 
 W. J. McLagan, Logan, P«rth : The condition of clover is good, but owing to the cold weather growth 
 is very backward. 
 
 Robert Forrest, Elma, Perth : Considerable clover has been thrown out by frost. 
 
 John Stewart, Momington, Perth : The condition of clover ib very good on well-drained land, and not 
 much hurt by heaving. 
 
 George Follis, Wallace, Perth : Clover is good, but there has not been much growth owing to the cold 
 wet weatner. ' 
 
 William NichoU, Puslinch, Wellington : Old clover was thrown out considerably by spring frost, but 
 the newly seeded does not appear to be affected. 
 
 Duncan Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington ; The condition of clover is very favourable. The crop was 
 not affected where it was covered with snow. 
 
 WiHiam Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Clover has stood the winter equally well with fall wheat. 
 
 William Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : The condition of the crop is v^y good -n ot better in many 
 years. It has not been injured by winter or spring weather. * 
 
 Thomas McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Clover in exposed situations was thrown out considerably, 
 though not much winter-killed. 
 
 Robert Cromar, Pilkington, Wellington : The condition of clover is good, and it stood the winter well. 
 
 John Mair, Niohol, Wellington : Clover is generally good, although partially thrown up on wet land. 
 
 John Black, Eramosa, Wellington : The clover is very good, but it heaved a little by frost. 
 
 John McMillan, Erin, Wellington : The clover is good ; on high ground a little was frozen out. 
 
 Robert A. Reed, Erin, Wellington : The clover crop is very good, and not injured any. 
 
 James Kennedy, West Garafrajca, Wellington : The clover crop is an averjge one ; it heaved somewhat 
 on clay soil. 
 
 John Strang, West Garafraxa, Wellington : The clover looked well in the spring, and I believe it will 
 be all right. . 
 
 R. E. Thompson, West Garafraxa, Wellington : The condition of clover is first-class ; the snow being 
 late, protected the roots, and it is in prime condition for growing. 
 
 2 
 
18 
 
 Wm. Tegsworth, AVest Luther, Wellington : The condition of clover is good, as it has been well pro- 
 tected, and received no injury. 
 
 John Wilson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : The condition of the clover crop is not satisfactoty. Last 
 year's seeding was badly hurt or killed during the very hot weather of last summer ; hence this spring it is 
 very thin on the ground, or theVe is none at «J1. That which was pastured or cut for hay last year is all 
 killed out. 
 
 R. Rennelson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : The old clover is badly thrown out, but the young clover 
 looks well generally. 
 
 Henry Liersch, Wilmot, Waterloo : The condition of the clover is very fair, although affected a little 
 by frost. 
 
 Benj. i)ewitt, Waterloo, Waterloo : The clover is excellent, and not injured at all. 
 
 Isaac Groh, Waterloo, Waterloo : Clover is fair ; we have not had any rain yet, and consequently no 
 growth. / 
 
 George Bellinger, Wellesley, Waterloo : Ji'resh sown clover-fields look well ; none kiUed by winter or 
 spring frosts so far. 
 
 Peter Wingel, Woolwich, Waterloo : Clover is good, and not affected by either winter or spring weather. 
 
 Robert Dickson, East Luther, Dufferin : The clover is looking well, but there has been no growth as 
 yet. 
 
 Wm. Dynes, Mono, Dufferin : The clover is very good, and not affected by frost. 
 
 David Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : Clover crop is very good so far, only very late ; no injury by frost. 
 
 N. Gordon, Orangeville, Dufferin : Clover is late, but alive and vigorous ; not affected by frost to any 
 great extent. 
 
 Robert Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : I believe it is all alive ; just commeneing to look like growing. 
 
 J. H. Strong, Gainsboro', Lincoln : The clover has come through winter in good condition ; ihe only 
 thing is the late and backward spring, consequently there is not much growth yet. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : I never saw it look better ; it is best where the snow covered it ; where 
 not covered it is in most part killed. 
 
 John Jackson, Oaistor, Lincoln : Some killed in low ground, where it was pastured very close late in the 
 fall. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, Grimsby, Lincoln : As a general thing the clover crop bids fair to be a medium one ; 
 it was injured by being lifted by the frosts in spring to some extent. 
 
 A. Hamilton Pettit, Grimsby, Lincoln : About two-thirds good, but the rest poor ; where protected it 
 is good, but where exposed it is very thin. 
 
 Robert N. Ball, Niagara, Lincoln : Good, but very backward ; not injured by the winter or spring 
 weather. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : The clover is in a sound, healthy condition ; it has not been 
 injured by winter. The cold spring weather has retarded its growth. 
 
 W. G. Fletcher, Binbrook, Wentworth : Very backward ; some heaved out by frost in spring. 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Very good on stubble land sheltered by snow ; no harm has been 
 done by'frost. 
 
 George F. Levris, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Last year's seeding is good, but meadows cut last summer are 
 not looking well ; the plant seems to be frozen. 
 
 John Ireland", Ancaster, Wentworth : Very good ; it appears evenly set on both high and low ground. 
 It was held in check by cold spring up to a few days ago. 
 
 Ralph F. Little, East Flamboro', Wentworth : On dry land clover is yery good, but the spring frosts 
 ruined the crop on low lands. 
 
 William McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : The clover is considerably heaved up this spring in many 
 places ; it must have been caused by the freezing and thawing in January, as there was no frost hard enougn 
 to do it since the snow left. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguaoousy, Peel: Considerably injured by frost ; not heaved, but frozen in the ground, 
 
 A. Armour, Chinguacousy, Peel : Good prospects of a full average crop ; it is short and backward, but 
 not winter-killed. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : The first year's seeding is in good condition, though rather a thin 
 catch ; the, second and third year's crops are rather badly winter-killed. 
 
 William Kersey, Toronto Gore, Peel : Very good ; not damaged any and is growing well. 
 Archibald MoKinnon, Caledon, Peel : The clover crop is backward yet, but living. 
 Henry Duncan, York, York : Considerably killed by frost, and the growth is backward. 
 N. A. Malloy, Vaughan, Yorkj Looking well, but injured to a small extent on exposed places. 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : I find by making a personal inspection that clover has been 
 Beriously.hurt. home localities are much more injured than others, but on the whole I may say that the 
 crop of clover is seriously injured. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York : Clover is very good ; very little damaged by winter. 
 
19 
 
 Joseph D. Davidson, North Gtwillimbury, York : Very good ; it has stood the winter well. The cold 
 spring weather has kept it back a good deal, but I don't think it is injured. 
 
 R. R; Mowbray, Pickering, Ontario : Red clover appears to be in good condition, but Alsike is very 
 much injured by frost. 
 
 James McBrien, Whitby West, Ontario : Very fair ; somewhat injured on high lands. 
 
 Jphn Foy, Scugog, Ontario : Looks well on high land, but appears to be damaged on wet land. 
 
 Thomas Cain, Scott, North Ontario : Old meadows and some new have been killed in many places. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : Good, except that the dry weather last summer killed out many 
 of the young plants after starting ; on that account many fields will require seeding. 
 
 George Smith, Thorah, Ontario : Clover is very good ; not affected by the winter, but retarded by the 
 late spring. 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham : The new clover came out all nght, but very backward. 
 Robert Colville, Clarke, Durham ; Looking alive and healthy ; no injurious effects visible. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : Clover is much injured, and a good deal intended for hay has been 
 ploughed up. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : The clover crop looks voiy well, it is growing nicely and will likely 
 be a full crop. 
 
 James Brock, Cavan, Durham ; The clover crop in this vicinity was badly killed last summer, and the 
 older meadows seem to be all killed. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : Both young seeding and the second year clover have come 
 through the winter well ; little or none heaved out. 
 
 William Macklin, Haldimand, Northumberland : Last year's seeding, where not exposed during winter 
 months, looks well ; older seeding is badly winter-killed. 
 
 G. F. Brisbin, Alnvick, Northumberland : Clover has come out very good ; I think perhaps better than 
 it has in previous years. 
 
 E. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : The new seedirtg was badly killed last summer with the drought : 
 a large portion of it was ploughed up. New clover has not been winter-killed much, but I think old 
 meadows have suffered considerably. 
 
 A. J. File, M.D., Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : the clover crop is making a good start, having been 
 little affected by the frost. The promise is good. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : It has been killed out badly, and will be only about 
 sixty or seventy per cent, of the average crop. 
 
 John A. Sprague, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : New seeding is looking good, but what has been out 
 one or more years is nearly all winter-killed. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox : Last year's seeding is looking well, but old clover is hurt by spring 
 frost. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox : Clover is looking well at present ; and, like fall wheat, it has not been 
 winter-killed owing to the heavy snow-fall. 
 
 K. W. Miller, Kaladar, Addington : Clover sown last year looks well on low lands ; the older fields are 
 badly winter-killed. 
 
 Thomas Briggs, Kingston, Frontenac : Clover is in no way injured, but promises well, 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : Clover is good ; the winter was favourable for it, and there 
 have been no frosts since the snow went away to hurt it. 
 
 Wm. Thompson, Portland, Frontenac : The condition of clover is very fair— perhaps a little injured, 
 which is nearly always the case in these parts. 
 
 John Elkington, Palmerston, Frontenac ; Clover is always a good crop here. It was well protected by 
 snow, so that the frost was drawn out of the ground while still covered, and there has been no upheaval. 
 
 John C. Stafford, Rear Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : Clover is good on sandy loam, but it was 
 thrown out by frost on clay soil. 
 
 Wm. A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : On well-drained lands clover is all right, on wet lands it is 
 heaved out very much. 
 
 Alex. Thomson, Yonge, Leeds : Clover is looking very fine ; no heaving by frost, and there are pro- 
 spects of a large crop. 
 
 Gideon Fairbairn,Edwardsburgh,Grenville: The clover crop looks well, the winter and spring have 
 been favourable, 
 
 John Edgar, Kitley, Leeds : The clover crop is generally good ; no bad effects from winter or spring 
 weather. 
 
 Reuben Shaver, Mountain, Dundas : Clover has been injured on low ground- killed by winter frosts. 
 
 Wm. Kyle, Williamsburg, Dundas : Clover was mote injured by frost last winter than I recollect ever 
 to have seen it. 
 
 A. M. Campbell, Kenyon, Glengarry : Clover seems to have wintered all right, but the season is late 
 and much cannot be said about it yet. 
 
James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : We do not grow clover alone here as a crop, but no damage so far 
 has been done to the plant, 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Kenyon, Glengarry : Grass and clover are hardly through the ground yet, owing to 
 the cold backward spring. 
 
 James Wylie, West Hawkes]3ury, Prescott : Clover is injured some, but cannot say to what extent, as 
 there is no growth yet. 
 
 John McLellan, Clarence, Russell : Mostly all the clover has been killed by frost and ice. 
 
 James F. Grierson, Torbolton, Carleton : The clover crop looks well for a late spring ; it appears to 
 have come through thfe winter all right. 
 
 A. Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : Clover is very late, hardly started yet, but it stood the winter all right. 
 
 Peter Dalglish, Adamston, Renfrew : We are just emerging from winter here and cannot tell yet, but I 
 think clover is all right. 
 
 John Stewart,' McNab, Renfrew : Clover is looking well ; it has not been winter-killed. 
 
 Thomas Lett, Wilberforoe, Renfrew : The clover is mostly all killed, I think by the thaw in January. 
 
 Thomas Byrne, North Burgess, Lanark : Clover looks very well ; the deep snow and steady winter 
 have thoroughly preserved it. 
 
 Patrick Corby, South Sherbrook, Lanark : Clover has come safely through the winter, and looks well. 
 
 R. Harper, North Elmsley, Lanark : Grass and clover appear all right ; no growth yet, except for 
 sheep to nibble at. 
 
 Peter D. Campbell, Drummond, Lanark : Clover is all right ; no injury from winter or spring frosts. 
 
 Peter Clarke, Montague, Lanark : Clover is not injured in the least ; it never looked better in the 
 spring. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramiay, Lanark : The clover crop is all right. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : The clover crop is seemingly coming out all right. 
 
 H. Reazin, Mariposa, Victoria : Clover looks well ; very little injured by winter or spring weather. 
 
 A. Sherwin, Fenelon, Victoria : The clover was killed on high lands by the heavy frosts of winter and 
 
 spring. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Clover appears to have had a hard struggle with the frost, as it is 
 thinned out in spots, but not to any considerable extent. 
 
 Dawson Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Clover looks rather poor af, present ; it was considerably 
 heaved out by frost. 
 
 William Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterboro' : The clover plants are looking well, both the young and old 
 crops. There was net much heavy spring frost to heave it out. On high hiUs, like other crops, it was killed. 
 
 J. M. Drummond, Otonabee, Peterboro' • I never saw it look better ; clover even two and three years 
 old has not been heaved out. 
 
 John Garbutt, Smith, Peterboro' : Clover is killed about one-half by frost or ice. 
 
 William Anderson, Belmont, Peterboro' ; New clover seeding looks well, but old meadows are partly 
 
 killed. 
 
 • George W. Deller, Cardiff, Haliburton : Clover looks splendid and prospects are good for a full crop. 
 The snow having been on continuously until late in April protected it. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : Clover seems to have come through all 
 right. There has been little or no thawing out since last November, and it was well covered with snow until 
 almost the 1st of May. Frost is not quite out of the ground yet. 
 
 E. Thrasher, Thurlow, Hastings : New seeding is good, but the old is poor and has been smothered by 
 the snow. 
 
 James Gay, Huntingdon, Hastings : The new seeding is good, but old clover has been heaved out. 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : The fall frost injured the clover, but not the winter or spring 
 weather. 
 
 Charles Robertson, Cardwell, Muskoka ; Clover is growing very well : it has stood the winter and 
 sprmg weather well. 
 
 George B. Meredith, Franklin, Muskoka : Clover looks well and promises, a heavy crop. 
 
 F. W. Ashdown, Humphrey, Parry Sound : Clover is very good ; not much injured by the weather. 
 John Young, Armour, Parry Sound : The clover is all right so far. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma : I do not know -f any being sown alone. Clover with timothy 
 always does well here ; in fact our meadows of clover and timothy cannot be surpassed in Ontario. Neither 
 wmter nor spring has had any injurious effect on grasses. 
 
 John Ingram, Assiginack, Algoma : Frost has lifted the clover very much. 
 
21 
 
 PROGRESS OF SPRING WORK. 
 
 The seeding season this year is fully two weeks later than usual. In the northern 
 and eastern parts of the Province snow covered the ground until late in April, and on the 
 29th of the month a foot of snow fell over an extended area. Rain fell also at frequent 
 intervals, and the ground was saturated with water. As a consequence, spring work has 
 been delayed in those parts of the Province, and excepting on high or well drained lands 
 very little seed was sown at the date of the returns. In the western and south-wtstern 
 counties the season opened ten days or two weeks earlier ; yet farmers have been greatly 
 hindered in their work by the rains, and on low clayey and loamy land seeding operations 
 are in a very backward state. But even on dry and well drained lands the ground was 
 too cold for germination, and fields sown on the 25th of April were only beginning to 
 show signs of plant life towards the close of last week. 
 
 Geo. Leak, Rochester, Essex : The wet weather of the past two weeks has kept back the spring work ; 
 ploughing commenced about the 20th of April. A good deal of spring wheat has been sown, but not much 
 other grain, and very little of that sown is up yet. 
 
 T. P. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Spring grain ip nearly all sown except a little oats. Ploughing was 
 nearly all done last fall, but the spring ploughing commenced about the 20th of April. Spring wheat, pats, 
 barley and peas are all doing well now since the rain and a few warm days. 
 
 Denis Rocheleau, Sandwich West, Essex : Spring work began about the 20th of April. 
 
 Henry Botsford, Maiden, Essex : Spring work began about the last week in April. Spring wheat, 
 barley and some oats are still to sow ; very little spring crops up to date. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Those who had their land fall ploughed and the surface water-drained 
 finished about ten days ago, but those who had to spring-plough are not yet done. Work began about the 
 20th of April. , . ^ , , ^ , ■ 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : Spring work is very backward ; plougmng commenced the last week m 
 April. 
 
 George Russell, Mersea, Essex : Seeding began about two weeks ago. The grains sown are chiefly oats 
 and peas, and with very few exceptions are not up yet. 
 
 W. C. Fletcher, Tilbury East, Kent : Small grains are nearly all sown and a good deal up. Peas, oats, 
 barley and spring wheat are good. 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Orford, Kent :' Spring work is very late ; some have oats and peas sown for a fort- 
 night, but growth is very slow. 
 
 Thos. Bateman, Chatham, Kent ; Seeding about half through ; very little done before this week. 
 Ploughing began about the 1st inst., but rain put a stop to it until a few days ago. 
 
 John TiBsimaui Chatham, Kent : A good deal of spring ploughing and wheat sowing done. Barley and 
 peas are sown, and the prospect of spring crops is good. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Spring work is pretty much done. Work having commenced about 
 the 25th of April. There is not much barley sown, owing to the late cold spring ; it is only beginning to 
 show in some places, but was mostly sown in good order. The prospects are good. 
 
 D. McKillop, Aldborough, Elgin : Seeding is very backward in the southern part of the township, very 
 Httle being sown before the 13th inst., but in the northern part it is well advanced. Oats and peas are being 
 sown, and a limited quantity of spring wheat and barley. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Seeding is well advanced. Ploughing commenced about the 22nd 
 April and seeding on the 30th, principally oats and some spring wheat ; barley and a few peas are yet to sow. 
 The first sown oats and barley are just coming up. 
 
 W. Y. Emery, Bayham, Elgin : Ploughing and seeding began about the first of the month, but no crops 
 are up yet. Farmers are sowing peas and oats largely, and some spring wheat ; they will plant corn largely. 
 The spring is very late and land is generally too cold and wet for seeding ; a few days warm weather and 
 sun would make things all right. 
 
 W. McCredie, South Dorchester, Elgin : Farmers are just in the middle of their seeding. Ploughing 
 began about the 16th April, and seeding about the 8th May. 
 
 George Cruise, Walsingham, Norfolk : Work began about the Ist of May. Oats, peis and spring 
 wheat are sown, but not much of the latter. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, CharlotteviUe, Norfolk : Considerable progress has been made. Ploughing commenced 
 the last week in April and seeding the first week in May. The plants have not yet come up. 
 
 H. J. Barber, Townsend, Norfolk : Work began the first week in May. Spring wheat, oats and barley 
 are sown, but crops have not yet appeared. 
 
 John A. Campbell, Windham, Norfolk : Ploughing began about the 23rd of April and -needing about the 
 Ist May. Seeding is pretty well over, and we are preparing to plant corn and potatoes. 
 
 John H. Best, Walpole, Haldimand : Seeding is nearly done, except peas. Ploughing commenced about 
 the last week in April. The principal grains sown are oats and bariey ; very little spring wheat. 
 
22 
 
 Edward Bowman, Walpole, Haldimand : Progress with seeding is very slow. Ploughing commenced 
 about the 23rd of April. S[Mng wheat, barley and oats are the grains sown, very little of which is through 
 the ground yet. 
 
 G. E. Fitzgerald, Rainham, Haldimand : On high land farmers have finished sowing. Ploughing began 
 about the 25th of April on high land ; on low land, on the 2nd of May. 
 
 V. Honsberger, Soutlf Cayuga, Haldimand : Seeding is nearly finished. Commenced to plough about the ' 
 20th of April. 
 
 Joseph Mumby, Moulton, Haldimand : We have just commenced seeding, but the ground is scarcely dry 
 enough yet. 
 
 Wm. Gowling, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Farmers are pretty well through seeding except peas ; 
 ploughing commenced about the 22nd of April. 
 
 J. H. Howser, Canborough, Haldimand : Seeding is about half through ; commenced to plough about 
 the 1st of May. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Seeding is about finished, except peas. Ploughing oommenced about 
 the last week in April. The ground was in good condition, but there has been little or no growth ; the 
 weather has been too cold. 
 
 J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : Spring work is backward on account of wet weather. Ploughing 
 began about the 3rd of May, and there is very little grain sown yet. 
 
 J. H. Beam, Bertie, WeUaud : Seeding has just fairly begun ; no ploughing don3 till the first of May. 
 
 Joseph Garner, Pelham, Welland : Spring work is very much behind ; the weather has been cold and 
 wet. Ploughing commenced about the first of May, and some have not sown ^anything yet. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : Work is very backward ; nothing done till the first of the month, and 
 no grain up in the township yet (7th May). 
 
 James Smith, Willoughby, Welland : Spring work is fairly advanced . We commenced to plough about 
 the 27th of April. Spring wheat, oats, peas and barley, are sown here. 
 
 John A. Law, Stamford, Welland : All kinds of spring work are backward. Ploughing did not begin 
 till the first inst., and no grain was sown before the 6th. 
 
 John Grant, Sombra, Lambton : Ploughing and seeding commenced about the 20th of April and the 
 bulk of it is finished. There is a great deal of spring wheat sown. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Seeding is generally over, except some peas and the com planting ; 
 commenced ploughing the 20th April. 
 
 Wm. Mowbray, Moore, Lambton : Finished sowing wheat, oats and barley from 8th to 12th of May ; 
 commenced ploughing 20th April. What grain is up looks well. 
 
 Robert Montgomery, Enniskillen, Lambton : Spring work is progressing favourably ; began ploughing 
 about the 15th of April. 
 
 Edward Bowlby, Brooke, Lambton : Good progress has been made, considering the lateness of the 
 season ; we commenced ploughing about the 20th of April. Spring wheat, oats, barley and peas are just 
 making their appearance through the ground. 
 
 p. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Pretty well through. Ploughing commenced about the 23rd of 
 April ; very little grain up yet. 
 
 James Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : Spring work is nearly finished. Ploughing commenced on the 
 21st of April, and seeding on the 23rd. Grain is coming up nicely ; fine growing weather now. 
 
 T. McKay, Usborne, Huron : There has been good progress made with spring work ; commenced to 
 plough about the 16th of April. 
 
 D. S. Stuart, Hay, Huron : Seeding is about half through. Ploughing began the last week in April ; 
 no appearance of grain coming up yet. 
 
 James Armstrong, Stanley, Huron : Spring work is backward ; the bulk of the grain will be sown after 
 the nth of May. No spring grain up yet. 
 
 G. E. Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron ; About ten days later than the average. Ploughing commenced 
 about the 18th of April. Spring wheat, barley and peas are mostly sown ; the bulk of the oats are to sow 
 yet. 
 
 John Varcoe, Colborne, Huron : Spring work is very backward. Ploughing commenced about the 23rd 
 of April, but there is not much grain sown yet. i 
 
 John Richmond, Morris, Huron : Not much grain is sown yet ; the ground is too wet. Ploughing com- 
 menced the 24th of April. 
 
 John Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron : Very Uttle seeding was done before the 10th of May ; a fall 
 of snow then came and kept work back for a week. 
 
 Robert Currie, East Wawanosh, Huron : Farmers are about half through seeding. Ploughing began 
 about the 22nd of April, but the spring has been wet and backward. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howick, Huron : Spring work is very backward owing to the snow lying so long on the 
 ground. Ploughing began about the Ist of May. The grains sown here are spring wheat, oats, peas and 
 barley. " » = > > r 
 
 Pefcer Clark, Oulross, Bruce: Spring operations began very late this season. Ploughing was general 
 about the 23rd AprU, and seeding about the 10th May. A few sowed spring wheat, but the bulk of the crop 
 will be oats and peas. No spring crop has appeared through the ground at this date. 
 
23 
 
 Thomas Wilson, Huron, Bruce : Very little progress as yet ; snow kept on till some time in April and 
 then fine weather till the end of the month, when cold weather, with rain, set in. Ploughing began about 
 the 27th ult. Some spring wheat, peas and barley were sown, but they are not up yet. 
 
 Lewis Lamb, Greenock, Bruce : Not much progress has been made yet. Ploughing began about the 
 23rd, and seeding about the 30th, but was checked by very wet weather until now, so I may say seeding ia 
 just commencing. 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : Very poor progress till within the last f opr days. Ploughing began 
 about the 5th May, but very little of it has been done on account of wet weather. Seeding has just nicely 
 started, and the land is in fine order now if the weather keeps dry. Peas are chiefly sown, but are not to be 
 seen yet. 
 
 Robert B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : Spring seeding is about half done. Ploughing began towards the 
 end of April and seeding the first week in May, and then for a week a break on account of the heavy rains 
 and snow. My first sown wheat is just coming up. 
 
 J. N. Gardner, Arran, Bruce : There is not a large acreage sown yet. Ploughing on sod began about 
 the 20th of April and seeding the 1st of May, but the work has been much delayed by wet weather. Spring 
 crops are not showing yet, 
 
 Henry Byers, Normanby, Grey : The spring work is very far back, many not being able to get on to 
 their land for wet. Ploughing commenced about the first of May. Wheat and peas are sown, but none 
 above the ground yet. 
 
 Donald Bell, Proton, Grey : Spring work is about half through. Ploughing began about the 1st May, 
 and seeding about the 13th. Wheat, peas and oats are mostly sown, but are not to be seen at this date. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Seeding is not nearly done ; in fact very little is yet sown. Ploughing 
 commenced about the 23rd April, and sowing about 1st May, but work has been greatly retarded by snow 
 and raJn. Anything that has been sown consists of peas and wheat, with a few oats. 
 
 A. Elliott, Artemesia, Grey : The firist ploughing was done on the 22nd day of April, and seeding about 
 the 6th May. Spring wheat, oats, peas and barley are mostly sown. At this date {18th May), spring grain 
 is not over the ground. There was no good seeding weather before the 12th May, and the great majority 
 of farmers will not be done seeding before the 24th. 
 
 William Milne, Oaprey, Grey : Spring work is far behind. Ploughing began about the 27th April, but 
 was frequently interrupted by snow and rain. The ground is almost too wet to harrow yet. Seeding has 
 just nicely hegun and this week has been fine. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : Very poor progress has been made ; fields are scarcely fit to put teams 
 on yet. Ploughing began about the 10th, and a held of peas here and there was sown. 
 
 James Latter, CoUingwood, Grey : Very little progress has been made with farm work owing to the late 
 appearance of spring. The main body of snow stayed until the 17th April, and several falls of snow since 
 have kept the ground wet. Some having a high field, moderately dry, have sown it, but not much has been 
 done yet. 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Spring work has scarcely begun, owing to heavy rains. Some high fields 
 that had a good fall to drain them were sown about the 1st May to wheat and peas. 
 
 Michael Ooyle, Sunnidale, Simcoe : Spring work has scarcely commenced yet ; some people started to 
 plough a little about the 5th May, and had to give it up on account of the land being too wet. No grain 
 sown yet except a few peas. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : Spring work has got on very slowly on account of the backward season, 
 rain and snow. Ploughing began about the beginning of May . Peas, wheat and oats have been sown, but 
 I have seen nothing above the ground yet. 
 
 Archibald Thomson, Orillia, Simcoe : Very little progress has been made in spring work. Ploughing 
 commenced about the 1st May on light sandy land, and onliigh, dry soil about the 4th and 5th, but was not 
 gener^ ; on low clay lands ploughing has not commenced yet owing to the heavy fall of snow and rain. 
 Wheat is the principal grain sown. 
 
 B. Watterworth, Mosa, Middlesex : Spring work is progressing favourably now. It was late in begin- 
 ning on account of cold and wet weather, and uot much was done until the beginning of May. Oats, peas, 
 and some little spring wheat are being sown ; spring wheat and oats are coming up well. 
 
 Richard Goad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Good progress has been made, and the land has ploughed and tilled 
 well. There has been more spring wheat sown of late, as it seems to be doing better again. Peas are 
 increasing since the bug has diminished. 
 
 W. E. Sawyer, Caradoc, Middlesex : Seeding is just about completed, and crops are beginning to appear 
 above the ground. Spring wheat ia on the increase again. 
 
 Henry Anderson, Westminster, Middlesex : Ploughing commenced about 15th April. Wheat was 
 generally gown the last week in April and the first week in May. Oats and peas are not all sown yet. The 
 land has not been in good order, the spring being too wet and cold. Far more than the usual breadth of 
 spring wheat is sown, but less of other grains. There is none up yet. 
 
 James M. Henderson, Adelaide, Middlesex : All spring work is completed. Spring wheat has been 
 extensively sown ; also oats, peas, and some barley. Very little of the grain sown. is up, as the ground is 
 very cold. 
 
 Wm. Watcher, Dorchester North, Middlesex ; Spring work is very backward. There is, and will be, 
 conBideral)le spring wheat and peas sown. 
 
 Peter Stewart, Williams West, Middlesex : Seeding has been very backward. Not many are through 
 seeding yet, but most will be in next week. Wheat, oats, peas and barley are sown, but no gram is above 
 ground yet. 
 
24 
 
 Wm. Wright, McGillivray, Middlesex : Seeding is mostly done in this locality, but where land is flat 
 and not well drained quite a bit is yet to do. Ploughing began about the 25th of April, and then a good 
 deal of ground was not in good condition. Spring wheat, a little peas, but principally oats are sown. Only 
 the very earliest sown is yet above ground, and the plant is rather delicate looking. 
 
 Janies S. Grant, Biddulph, Middlesex : Spring seeding is about done. Ploughing bepan about the 25th 
 of April and seeding about the 28th. Spring wheat, peas, oats, and barley, are the principal crops, none of 
 which are up excepting spring wheat. 
 
 Alex. McFarlane, Norwich South, Oxford : Spring work is very backward ; ploughing commenced about 
 the 25th April. Spring wheat and oats are chiefly sown. 
 
 E. Jarvis, Oxford North, Oxford : A good deal of spring grain is still unsown on heavy soils ; on light 
 soil work began about the 20th April, and on heavy soils only within the last few days. 
 
 5. C. Tuttle, Oxford East, Oxford : Seeding is mostly done ; ploughing began the latter part of April, 
 and seeding the first week in May. 
 
 Nicholas Smith, Oxford West, Oxford : Seeding is very late, and farmers are not more than half done, 
 although ploughing commenced about the 15th April. Wheat, peas and oats are chiefly sown, but have not 
 yet made an appearance. 
 
 Wm. Stewart, Zorra West, Oxford : There is a great deal to do yet ; not much sowing done before the 
 first of May. 
 
 P. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : Sprine work is at least two weeks behind last year. Ploughing and 
 seeding did not begin until the 5th inst. , and progressed slowly. There is a great deal of grain to sow yet. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Sprin? work on heavy land is very backward ; and even on light 
 and high loamy soils not much headway has been made. Ploughing commenced about 28th April, and 
 seeding aboutlthe 6th May. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : A great deal of crop has been got in the last seven days ; ploughing 
 commenced about ten days ago. Barley, oats, etc., are not through the ground yet. 
 
 James Anderson, Zorra East, Oxford : vSpring work is about half done. Ploughing commenced about 
 May 1st, seeding about May 10th, and spring wheat and oats are principally sown. 
 
 John Wright, Oakland, Brant: Ploughing began April 27th, and seeding May 4th. Spring wheat 
 barley, oats and peas are sown. The barley and spring wheat look well, but other crops are not up yet. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Ploughing began on dry soils during the last week of April, and 
 seeding immediately after. Wet and cold weather retarded seeding on heavy soils till this week ; crops have 
 not shown above ground yet. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : Work is progressing fast. The ground is now in fine order and 
 the dry weather has helped things greatly so far, but we want rain to push everything allead. Spring work 
 commenced about May 1st. 
 
 J. Frame, Dowuie, Perth ; There is considerable spring grain to put in yet. Ploughing began about 
 the 27th of April, and seeding about 1st of May ; a few more peas than usual were sown. 
 
 6. Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : All kinds of spring work are very backward in consequence of the late 
 sprmg. Ploughing did not become general till about the 1st of May, and seeding is not half done yet. 
 
 -P- R- Hamilton, Hibbert, Perth: Spring work has been very late ; some finished ten or twelve days ago, 
 while others did not begin until this week. It depends altogether on the nature of the soil, as it has been 
 very wet. Ploughing began about the 22nd of April. 
 
 J^- J. McLagan, Logan, Perth : Very little progress made ; ploughing began generally about the 11th 
 of May. Wheat, peas, barley and oats are chiefly sown, but none are yet above ground. 
 
 R. Forrest, Elma, Perth : The progress of spring work is backward owing to too much rain. Ploughing 
 began about the 29th April, and seeding about the 13th of May. Peas, wheat, oats and barley are in, but 
 none up yet. 
 
 J. Stewart, Mornington, Perth : Spring work is about half done ; ploughing commenced on 5th of May. 
 Peas, barley, oats and some spring wheat are sown, but none of them up yet. 
 
 J. Kennedy, Garafraxa, Wellington : Very little progress in spring work ; ploughing began about 30th 
 Apnl on hght soil, but very little of the crop is down. 
 
 W. Long, Maryborough, Wellington : Spring work is backward owing to the late season. Ploughing 
 began about 12th inst., and peas and oats are the crops chiefly sown as yet. 
 
 J. McMillan, Erin, Wellington : Ploughing began about 1st May ; wheat, barley, oats and peas princi- 
 pally sown, but none through the ground. 
 
 J. McCormick, Peel, Wellington : Seeding is about finished ; ploughing began about 5th May : wheat, 
 oats, barley and peas are sown and look pretty well so far. 
 
 J. Cross, Peel, Wellington : Ploughing began about Uth or 12th May, and then the land was not in 
 good order to plough or sow. 
 
 J. Black, Bramosa, Wellington : Spring work is nearly through ; we did not begin until about 1st May, 
 and owing to the cold, late spring there is no grain up yet. 
 
 J. Mair, Nichol, Wellington : Spring work is behind, little land being ready for working until the 
 present week, and very httle was sown until towards the end of it. 
 
 J. H. Broadfoot, Nichol, Wellington : Spring work has made rapid progress within the past two weeks : 
 scarcely any sown before 1st of May. Large quantities of oats and peas are sown, but not quite so much 
 spring wheat and barley as usual. The grain is coming up nicely. 
 
25 
 
 R. Cromar, Pilkington, Wellington : Spring work is nearly completed ; seeding began about the 1st 
 of May, ten days later than last year. 
 
 T. MoCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Seeding began about the first week in May ; wheat, oats and peas are 
 mostly sown, and so far they are growing finely. 
 
 W. Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington ; Considerable progress has been made in spring work during the 
 last week, and the land is now in good condition for seeding. Ploughing on sod began the last week in 
 April, and seeding not until about 7th or 8th of May. 
 
 W. Hearn, Guelph, Wellington : Progress in spring work is very fair ; ploughing, and seeding began 
 about 1st May. Wheat, oats and peas are sown, and prospects are good so far as seen. ' 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Spring work is fairly advanced, though seeding is late ; ploughing 
 and seeding began on 3rd May. 
 
 D. Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington ; Spring work is progressing very well, though late. Ploughing 
 commenced about the 20th April, and seeding about the 1st of May. opring wheat, barley, peas and oats 
 are sown, but there is no appearance of any vegetation at this date. 
 
 J. Gonnell, Minto, Wellington : Wet weather has hindered spring work very much. Ploughing began 
 about 23rd April, and seeding about 11th of May ; about half done seeding, 
 
 W. Tegsworth, Luther West, Wellington : Very little progress ih spring werk ; ploughing began on the 
 28th April, but seeding has been delayed by the cold weather fully two weeks. 
 
 J. McDonald, Garaf raxa, Wellington : The season is the most backward known to the oldest inhabitants. 
 Seeding began about 11th May, and some oats, wheat, peas and barley have been sown. 
 
 P. Winger, Woolwich, Waterloo: Very little progress in spring work; very backward. Ploughing^ 
 began about May 1st, and seeding about 10th ; nearly all kinds of spring grain have been sown. 
 
 A. Ranuie, WeUesley, Waterloo : Ploughing began about the 8th, and the farmers are just beginning 
 to seed. 
 
 S. B. Snider, Waterloo, Waterloo : Most of the seeding is now completed ; ploughing began about the 
 1st of May. About equal proportions of wheat, oats and barley have been sown. The weather has been 
 very fine the past two weeks, and the farmers have been able to get their ground in good condition, and the 
 lain of the 22nd gave things a good start. 
 
 J. Wilson, Dumfries N., Waterloo : Considerable progress has now been made in spring work. Plough- 
 ing began in the last week in April, and some sowing was done in the first week in May. On heavy soil no 
 ploughing could be done until the end of the first week in May, hence a great deal of seeding is yet to do. 
 
 R. Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : Very little progress in spring work. Ploughing began in favorable 
 localities on the first week in May, but Utile seeding done yet ; heavy frosts almost every night. 
 
 D. Spence, Amaranth, Duflrerin : Nothing done in either ploughing or sowing around here until this 
 week ; some are sowing wheat and others peas. 
 
 W. Dynes, Mono, Dufferin : Seeding about half done. Ploughing began about 1st of May ; not much 
 sown yet except wheat. 
 
 H. McDougall, Luther East, Dufferin : Spring work is very backward. Ploughing became general 
 about May 4th, but on some farms no sowing was done before the 11th ; nothing sown except wheat and peas. 
 
 R. Dickson, Luther East, Dufferin : Very little progress made with spring work ; latest season in many 
 years ; seeding just began. 
 
 J. H. Strong, Gainsboro', Lincoln : Spring work is very backward ; there has been very little ploughing 
 done as yet, and very little sowing. 
 
 H. J. Sharp, Caistor, Lincoln: Some are getting pretty well along, and others just commencing, 
 according to the lay of the ground. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : Ploughing began about the 24th April, and seeding about the IstMay. 
 Oats and spring wheat are very little through the ground yet. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, Grimsby, Lincoln: Spring seeding on well drained land may be considered about 
 done, but on low lands it is just commencing. Some ploughing was done about the middle of April ana 
 the first seeding about the Ist of May. The grains chiefly sown are wheat, oats, peas and barley. Some 
 of the earliest sown crops are up, but want rain. 
 
 George Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Spring work is very backward. Ploughing began in a few instances 
 about the first week in April. Spring wheat, barley and oats are sown ; not much up yet, but what can be 
 seen looks well. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Spring work is slow on account of the wf, cold weather. The rsuns 
 have not been heavf , but there has been no drying. Ploughing was general by the 25th April, and needing 
 by May 2nd, but there is a good deal to sow yet. Barley sown on the 2nd May, on a dry warm soil, is not 
 yet up. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Considerable progress has been made la'^Jy- ^.^^^^^J,^"^ ,f^^ 
 work is n»w pretty well advanced so far as relates to the cereal crops, except peas. .J?!""?'^™^ '■°?„f ™'"f 
 conunenced in some few instances about the 25th of AprH, but the work was retarded and liad to be stopped 
 again on account of unfavourable weather. Comparatively little seeding was done before the 5th of May. 
 Spring wheat, oats and barley have been chiefly sown, but cannot yet be said to present an appearance. 
 
 George F. Lewis, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Nearly done sowing, but some oats are to sow yet. Corn and 
 potato land is being made ready. The early sown gram is just coming through. 
 
 John Ireland, Ancaster, Wentworth : Ploughing began about the 27th of AprU and seeding about the 
 
26 
 
 first of May. Spring wheat, oats and barley are sown, but vepretation is slow ; very little of any kind show- 
 ing above the ground yet. 
 
 Ralph F. Little, East Mamboro', Wentworth : Spring work is behind. Ploughing began on the 28th 
 of April, but very little was sown before the 10th of May. Barley, oats and peas are the principal spring 
 grains sown, and more peas than formerly. 
 
 Daniel McTiaren, Nelson, Halton : Spring seeding is pretty well advanced. Ploughing and seeding 
 became general about the first of May. Spring wheat, oats and barley are sown, but are making no show 
 as yet. 
 
 R. Pcstaus, Trafalgar, Halton : Spring work is late and much to do yet. Ploughing has been going on 
 for a month, taut only in very favourable soil. On clay it began a good deal later, and not much was soTvn 
 until the first of May, 
 
 William McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Grain sowing will be mostly done this week. Ploughing 
 began about the last of April, but most of the seeding has been done since the 8th inst.; scarcely anythmg is 
 up yet. 
 
 Paul Kenueily, Esquesing, Halton : Ploughing coniiflenced on or about the 21st of April and seeding a 
 week later. Peas, oats and spring wheat are in, but none up yet. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinp^uacousy, Peel ; Spring seeding is now in active progress, and farmers are bending 
 all their energies to get in seed. Seeding is fully two weeks later than last year, It began this year on the 
 4th of May, while last year we started on the 17th of April. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel ; Spring work commenced late, about the 25th of April ; it has been 
 very tedious on account of rain and the sodden state of the land. Barley, oats, peas and spring whtat have 
 been sown, barley and oats predominating. Very little of the grain is up yet, being fully two weeks late. I 
 do not anticipate a good crop. 
 
 W. T. PattuUo, Caledon, Peel : The seeding will not be completed before the 24th of May. Only on the 
 most favourable locations did ploughing commence on the 4th and 6th of May, and not generally before the 
 11th and 12th. Spring wheat, peas, oats and barley are sown, and in some very favourable places spring 
 wheat is showing a little, 
 
 Archibald McKinnon, Caledon, Peel : Spring work is far behind ; one-half of the wheat is not in yet in 
 this locality. 
 
 Henry Duncan, York, York : Seeding is pretty well advanced. Ploughing commenced the last week 
 in April, and seeding about the 1st of M&y, 
 
 ^N. A. Malloy, "Vaughan, York : Scarcely half done ; ploughing began about the 25th April and seeding 
 about the 1st May, but the weather has been so wet and broken that little progress has been made. 
 
 A, Forster, Markham, York : The seeding is about half done. Ploughing and very little seeding began 
 about April 24th, but seeding proper began about 4th May. Wheat, oats, barley and peas are in, but 
 they do not appear above the ground yet, 
 
 .John Gibson, Markham, York : Upon land well underdrained and of a good depth, work began about 
 a week later than last spring, and went on very weU. The land undrained or sha-low is late at this date, 
 and is not working. 
 
 William H. Proctor, King, York : On the 1st of May a little was done on high and light soil, but work 
 began generally about the 11th. Barley, spring wheat, peas and oats are going in too wet. 
 
 D. Fotheringham, Whitchurch, York : Seeding i^ about half done ; all flat or low land is too wet yet. 
 No crops are up so far as I have seen in passing through four townships. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York : Spring work may be said to have commenced on the 4th May ; heavy 
 snow on the 5th, and nothing done until the following week in the way of seeding. Seeding is now about 
 one-half done, but I have seen no grain up yet. 
 
 J. D. Davidson, North GwilUmbury, York : On very high and dry land people are well along, whilst 
 others on land that is flatter are only starting. The work may be considered as very much behind, 
 
 Angus Ego, Georgina, York : Ploughing and seeding not yet begun ; the land is too wet. 
 
 R, R. Mowbray, Pickering, Ontario : Very little has been done. Ploughing commenced about the 10th 
 May, and seeding may be said to have now commenced, although some pieces were sown about the 1st May, 
 
 James McBrien, Whitby West, Ontario : About half of the spring crops are sowm ; some began the 1st 
 of May. and some about a we6k ago, 
 
 William Smith, East Whitby, Ontario : Spring work is very backward ; next week will finish it with 
 most of the farmers. 
 
 James Graham, Scugog, Ontario : Very backward, many fields being unfit to bear teams, but a few days' 
 good weather will work wonders. Spring wheat and peas are sown and perhaps a little of other grain. 
 Ploughing began April 22nd. 
 
 A, Kinsey, Scott, Ontario : Pretty well through seeding except in low places. Work began the first 
 week in May, 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : Work is late in general. Some farmers on high, dry land are 
 through seeding, while others on low, undrained land, are hardly started. Work began Mav 1st on drv 
 land, o J J 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Many farmers have not sown a handful yet, but where the 
 land is high and dry a good deal of progress has been made ; some began as early as the 20th' AprU. Spring 
 wheat and peas are the principal crops in the ground, and some barley and oats, but there is no growth it- 
 is simply so much done. 
 
27 
 
 R. Osborne, Clarke, Durham : With fine weather the biggest half will be done by the 15th. More 
 wheat will be sown this year than last, I think, on account of the recent rise in wheat and the prospect of 
 war. A little less barley is sown. 
 
 Robert Colville, Clarke, Durham: The late spring throws work far back. Upon dry, light soils 
 ploughing began about the 25th April, but on wet land very little has been done so far. Peas, spring wheat 
 and some barley have been sown, but there is no growth yet. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : Very little progress has been made with spring work on low lands ; some 
 farmers are just commencing to sow. On dry land the seeding is about finished. Very little was done until 
 about the 1st of May. Peas has been extensively sown, but very little has appeared above ground yet. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Very little progress made. Ploughing and seeding began about the 
 28th April. Wheat was sown in this neighbourhood about May 6th. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : Some ploughing was done about the 22nd April and a 
 little sowing a few days later. Some on low clay farms have not begun to sow yet ; on dry land more has 
 been sown, chiefly wheat and peas, 
 
 John'Williams, Hamilton, Northumberland : Scarcely anything done before the second week in May, 
 and there is still considerable to do. Wheat and barley are sown in about equal proportions, and also con- 
 siderable peas and oats. The first sown is just coming up and looks well. 
 
 William Macklin, Haldimand, Northumberland : The spring being very late, scarcely any sowing was 
 done before May 1st ; ploughing began April 20th. Wheat and barley are chiefly sown. The last few days 
 have shown a great improvement in vegetation. 
 
 C. A. Mallory, Percy, Northumberland : High lands are being sown this wdek ; low lands are too wet' 
 Very little work was done before May 1st. 
 
 E. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : Farmers are very busy this week, but there was very little 
 done before. Spring wheat will be mostly sown this week, and some barley. Ploughing commenced about 
 the 25th April, but we had some heavy sno^ storms after that, and so much rain, with cold weather, that 
 very little work was done. 
 
 A. J. File, M.D., Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Very little progress made ; some farmers have perhaps 
 one-quarter of their spring grain sown. Ploughing and seeding, owing to the cold, wet weather this 
 spring, did not begin until the present week (the 10th), and grain will be put in as fast as the condition of 
 the land will permit. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Some have not done anything as yet. A few com- 
 menced on the 11th of this month, but only small quantities of grain have been sown— some barley, wheat 
 and a few oats. Our farmers generally sow barley, and some are beginning with wheat. Quite a number 
 sow peas and oats. Com is largely planted. There is no chance to form any idea of the spring crops, for 
 there is nothing up out of the ground yet, and the wet spring has left the land cold and heavy to work. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox : Commenced spring work about the 12th inst. The ground has 
 kept very wet, but now it is getting in pretty good order, and we are fairly to work sowing. Some barley, 
 wheat, oats and peas have been sown. 
 
 J. B. Aylesworth, Camden East, Lennox and Addingtou : Seeding almost half done. Commenced 
 ploughing about the 5th of May. 
 
 P. W. Miller, Kaladar, Addington : Pretty well advanced for the time. Commenced ploughing about 
 the 10th of May. Spring wheat, peas and oats are in, but none are up yet. 
 
 James Lane, Denbigh, etc., Lennox and Addington ; Spring work is being vigorously proceeded with. 
 Ploughing and seeding began about the 1st of May. Spring wheat, oats and peas have been sown, but it is 
 too early to say how they look. 
 
 M. Mehill, Howe Island, Frontenac : Sowing of wheat and oats commenced on the 9th of May, and 
 ploughing about the middle of April. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : We ha+e only commenced spring work, and scarcely anything is 
 sown yet. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : Not much progress has been made yet. Ploughing and seed- 
 ing commenced about the 1st of May, but there }ias been very little done,- except on dry spots. Wheat and 
 oats have been sown, but nothing is up yet. 
 
 Wm. Thompson, Portland, Frontenac : Spring work only fairly commenced this week. Very little 
 grain of any kind is sown yet. 
 
 B. Tett, Bedford, Frontenac : Ploughing commenced about the 1st of May, and a little sowing was done 
 about the 4th. 
 
 John Elkington, Palmerston, etc., Frontenac : Nothing has been done at all ; the season is later than 
 I have seen for twenty-one years. The frost is out of the ground, but the soil is wet and soggy. Swamps 
 are brim full, and frozen at the bottom. Nothing to do but repair fences and turn over manure heaps. 
 
 Andrew Gray, South Crosby, Leeds : Only commencing spring work. Some oats and a little barley 
 have been sown the last few day^, but no grain is up yet. 
 
 Alex. Thomson, Yonge, Leeds : Nothing done yet, the ground being too cold and wet. Ploughing was 
 mostly done last fall, and sowing can be pushed through in ten days. Coarse grains are chiefly grown, such 
 as oats, barley and peas, and largely fed to cattle, horses and pigs. 
 
 J. A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds : Nothing is done yet. Ploughing has not commenced, and nothing is 
 sown. 
 
 T. R. Melville, Augusta and Edwardsburg, Grenville : Very little done until this week. Ploughing 
 began in some localities about the 1st of May, but very little has been sown. 
 
28 
 
 John Edgar, KLtley, Leeds : The groaud has been so wet that it has kept back work ; good progress 
 has been made the last two weeks. Ploughing commenced about the 10th of May. 
 
 G. D. Dixon, Matilda, Dundas : Nothing sown yet and very little ploughing done. Farmers think 
 they will not be able to start sowing till about the 20th. 
 
 R. Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : Spring work has not commenced yet. 
 
 John McRae, Koxborough, Stormont : Plpughing commenced about the first week in May, but seeding 
 was delayed on account of very wet weather ; a few have sown sume peas and oats. 
 
 D. McDiarmid, Kenyon, Glengarry : On high or well drained lands some sowing has been done, but 
 generally the land is too soft to work. The frost is only out of the hills yet. 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Farmers have hardly put in any crop yet ; they are busy 
 ploughing this week. 
 
 James Surch, Plantagenet South, Prescott : Ploughing commenced on high land about the 6th of May, 
 chiefly for oats and wheat. Ploughing will not begin in the Nation Valley until about the 18th or 20th 
 instant. 
 
 ' John Cross, Longuiel, Prescott : Not one in ten have done any ploughing or seeding yet. About a foot 
 of snow fell on the 29th of April. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, West Hawkesbury, Prescott : Very little ploughing done yet ; the ground is so wet 
 that teams cannot work to advantage. 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton : Ploughing commenced the 15th of May; little or nothing 
 sown yet. 
 
 J. J. Smyth, Gloucester, Carleton : The spring is three weeks late, and very wet ; some ploughing has 
 been done, but very little grain has been sown, except on high land. 
 
 James if. Grierson, Torbolton, Carleton : Spring work I may say has not begun yet, the weather being 
 so rainy and the ground wet. 
 
 A. Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : Very little done yet. Ploughing began about the 20th of April, on dry 
 land, but on wet soil it is no more than started. 
 
 John Stewart, MoNab, Renfrew: Very little sown yet, the season has been so backward and the 
 ground wet. Ploughing began about the Ist of May, but there has not been much done ; some peas and 
 wheat have been sown, but they have not started to grow^. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : Ploughing and seeding did not become general until a few days 
 ago, and on low clay land nothing has been done. 
 
 Edward Byrne, Burgess, Lanark : There is an abundance of seed, and teams are in good order for 
 work, but owing to the extreme wet weather and late snow no work can be done. 
 
 Thomas Moss, South Sherbrooke, Lanark : Very little sowing done yet, only some spring wheat and 
 peas. Ploughing commenced about the Ist of May, but the heavy rains have kept the spring work back. 
 
 ^ohn Gibson, Bathurst, Lanark : Very little spring work done ; some farmers have done nothing at all ; 
 no seeding yet. 
 
 Wm. Brownlee, Dalhousie, Lanark : Very slow progress owing to wet weather. Ploughing commenced 
 about the 1st of May, and some wheat, oats and peas have been sown. 
 
 P. D. Campbell, Drumraond, Lanark : Spring work has just commenced ; no ploughing done until 
 this week, except a very odd piece on high lea. 
 
 Peter Clark, Montague, Lanark : Very little spring work done ; half the farmers have not commenced 
 ploughing ; the ground is too wet. 
 
 George Green, Ramsay, Lanark : Although much later commencing, owing to cold and wet weather, yet 
 with, improved implements the work is as forward as usual. 
 
 Gavin Himilton, Ramsay, Lanark : Ploughing did not begin until about the 10th of May, and then 
 only on the higher lands ; some of the flat lands are not flt to plough yet. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darlingj Lanark : Very little done up to the 14th inst. ; ploughing commenced about 
 the 8th, but not general ; seeding began about the 12th. 
 
 William Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria : Very little progress in spring w»rk ; a few commenced the lait 
 week in April, but a great many have done nothing yet. What has been sown is wheat and peas. 
 
 W. Sullivan, Emily, Victoria : Very little sown yet on account of snow and rain. Ploughing commenced 
 about the 27th April, and seeding about the 1st May. , 
 
 A. Howkins, Eldon, Victoria : With few exceptions, nothing was done till the 12th May ; it has not 
 been so late for a great many years. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Beiley, Victoria : The weather has been so cold and wet that very little spring work 
 has been done ; everything is behind hand. A small extent of spring wheat, peas and oats have been sown, 
 say about one-quarter of the proposed area, but nothing is up yet. 
 
 William Cookmau, Somerville, Victoria : Seeding commenced about the 10th ; there was some ploughing 
 done on the 1st on light and dry soil for wheat, peas and barley. 
 
 F. Train, Somerville, Victoria : Good progress has been made in the short time farmers have been at it. 
 Ploughing and seeding began about the 1st May, chiefly for spring wheat, oats and rye. As to the 
 appearance of the crops at this date, I cannot say, as the greater part of them are not up at all. 
 
 William Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterboro' : The spring is very backward. Some wheat was sown on 
 
24th 
 
 (t 
 
 ' 16th 
 
 23rd 
 
 (( 
 
 ' 13th 
 
 25th 
 
 (( t 
 
 ' 6th 
 
 26th 
 
 C( 
 
 ' 7th 
 
 25th 
 
 " 
 
 ' nth 
 
 11th 
 
 li 
 
 ' 2tid 
 
 9th 
 
 (t t 
 
 ' 22nd 
 
 23rd 
 
 " 
 
 ' 13th 
 
 3rd 
 
 it 
 
 ' 12th 
 
 16th 
 
 (( 
 
 ' 2nd 
 
 17th 
 
 it 
 
 ' 3rd 
 
 26th 
 
 (i 
 
 ' 9th 
 
 2lBt 
 
 n 
 
 " 13th 
 
 29 
 
 the let of May on high land, and after that there was none sown till the 10th, but now everyone is busy 
 sowing wheat, peas and barley. 
 
 J. M. Drummond, Otonaboe, Peterboro': Ploughing and seeding ocmmenoed about the 25th April, but 
 nothing has been done since till this week. Many farmers did not sow till the 12t.h May, and even now the 
 land is in a very wet state, but it is getting so late that f aruiers are sowing. The season is fully three weeks 
 later than the average of the last fifteen years. The following is my own record : 
 
 In 1871 commenced seeding on April 12th and fiinished May 13th 
 
 1873 " 
 
 1874 " " 
 1875 
 
 1876 " 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 
 1879 " 
 
 1880 " " 
 1881 
 
 1882 " " 
 1883 
 1884 
 
 Thomas Telford, Ennismore, Peterborough : Very little progress ; about three weeks later than last 
 year ; no spring crop through the ground yet. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : There was no seeding done before the 11th May. Spring 
 wheat and oats have been sown, and some peas. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : Frost is not out of the ground in some 
 places, and the land is too wet for ploughing or seeding. Oats are our staple crop, and command the 
 readiest sale to liunbermen. Peas are grown in considerable quantity, chiefly for home consumption. Corn 
 is grown only as a garden crop. Buckwheat produces good crops some seasons. Spring wheat is increasing 
 in breadth, but fall wheat and rye are very little grown. 
 
 Daniel Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Rye, oats and some spring wheat were sown about the 8th 
 May ; none have germinated, owing to the cold weather. 
 
 John Johnston, Thurlow, Hastings : As the spring was backward nothing was done till last week, but 
 farmers have been busy from about May 12th. Wheat, oats, peas and barley are sown, and what I saw up 
 looks well, but very little is above the ground. 
 
 James McGregor, WoUaston, Hastings : Spring work is very late this season. Ploughing and seedihg 
 commenced about the 10th, and what was sown at that date has now a fine appearance. 
 
 D. Kavanagh, Dungannon and Faraday, Hastings. Ploughing commenced about the 8th May, and 
 seeding about the 12th. Spring crops look well. 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : Snow and rain have made the ground so wet that few can plough. 
 I sowed spring wheat on the 27th April, but have heard of no other since ; my wheat looks well. 
 
 M. Ruttun, Ryde, Muskoka : Ploughing commenced on the 4th May, but seeding has not commenced 
 yet. 
 
 Fred N. Toye, Draper and Oakley, Muskoka: Ploughing has just begun on high ground ; no seed- 
 ing yet. 
 
 Donald Grant, Monck, Muskoka : Very little work done. A few commenced ploughing about the Uth 
 May. The ground is so wet that very little is done, and hardly, any gram is sown as yet. 
 
 John Hollingworth, Watt, Muskoka ; Ploughing did not become general until the 13th inst., and there 
 is not as yet much seed in the ground. I put in peas on the 12th, and with one exception this is the first 
 seed that I know to have been sown. From the 3rd to the 10th was one succession of flurries of snow, haU 
 and rain, and it was impossible to do anything on the land. Even now the soil is too wet for good seeding. 
 
 William J. Casselman, Brunei, Muskoka : Farmers are backward with the spring work ; ploughing 
 commenced on high lands about the 1st May ; on clay land it is not fit at this date to plough. 
 
 Charles Robertson, Cardwell, Muskoka: Spring ploughing began about the :st May and seeding a day 
 or so after. Wheat, peas, oats and barley are beginnincr to appear above the ground. 
 
 George B. Meredith, Franklin, Muskoka : The spring work has been pushed on rapidly. The spring 
 was very late. Work commenced about the 1st May. Oatsis the chief grain sown, and it looks well. . 
 
 Wilham Fry, Monteith, Parry Sound: Ploughing began about the 8th May ; just commenced seeding. 
 
 F. W. Ashdown, Humphrey, Parry Sound : Many farmers cannot do anything; the land is too wet; 
 plougjiing can only be done on sod. 
 
 James Badger, McDougaU, Parry Sound : Ploughing and seeding began about the 10th; chiefly wheat, 
 oats and peas; no grain up yet, the spring being very late. 
 
 John Young, Armour, Parry Sound : Very poor progress has been made with spring work ; very httle 
 seeding done yft ; ploughing commenced about the 5t1t ifiay, but no gram has been sown of any account. 
 
30 
 
 NEW VARIETIES OF SEED. 
 
 Farmers are alive to the importance of using new varieties of seed where old ones 
 have failed, but they seldom risk experiments with unknown varieties offered by dealers 
 at fancy prices. Two or three varieties of oats are highly spoken of, viz. : Black Tartarian, 
 Egyptian and Cluster ; and spring wheat grown from Manitoba and Dakota seed grain 
 has given good results^ The varieties of potatoes most in favour are the early and late 
 Rose and the Beauty of Hebron ; but Burbank's seedling and White Elephant are well 
 recommended. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : The Early Rose potato takes the lead here. Seed corn is plentiful. 
 
 N. A. Coste, Maiden, Essex : The varieties of potatoes generally planted are Early Rose and White 
 Star. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : The supply and quality of seed corn are both promising. We raise the 
 White and Red Gourd, and the White and Red Flint. 
 
 Thomas Scftne, Howard, Kent : The potatoes planted here are Early Rose and Beauty of Hebron, and 
 Burbank's Seedling for late crop. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : No new varieties of seed introduced, Fyfe spring wheat excepted. 
 Scarcely any variety of potato known in the Dominion but what can be found as to their relative merits. 
 Every person has the best, but I think the Rose, Snowflake and Brownell's Beauty are th» leading varieties. 
 The supply of seed corn is good and ample. 
 
 John Ostrander, Middleton, Norfolk : Early and Late Rose, Beauty of Hebron, White Star and Peach 
 Blow potatoes are considered the best varieties grovni. 
 
 V. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand ; Some black barley is being introduced, which is very highly 
 thought of as cattle food. The supply of seed corn is sufficient and the quality good. 
 
 Joseph Mumby, Moulton, Haldimand : A great variety of potatoes are being introdixced, but Beauty of 
 Hebron is as good as any. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Black barley has been tried here, but not successfully. 
 
 J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : There is a large quantity of corn grown in this township, a great 
 deal of which is fed to cattle ; plenty of good seed on hand. 
 
 E. A. Diokout, Bertie, Welland : We have tried White Belgian oats which are very productive, and 
 from ten days to two weeks earlier than other varieties. A great variety of potatoes are grown, of which 
 Beauty of Hebron is the favourite. 
 
 *H. H. Beam, Willoughby, Welland : " Martin Amber " wheat looks promising. There is an unlimited 
 supply of seed corn, and the quality is good . i 
 
 John A. Law, Stamford, Welland : The Late Hebron potato is a new variety, and a great favourite. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : No new grain seeds are being tried. Beauty of Hebron potato is the 
 favourite and commands the highest price. Plenty of good seed corn on hand. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Early and Late Rose, Beauty of Hebron, and White Star pota- 
 toes are all good varieties. Plenty of good seed corn here. 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : Rose and Hebron potatoes are chiefly grown, but the Beauty of Hebron 
 is considered superior to all others. Seed corn is plentiful and good. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : Russian and black barley and Egyptian oats are introduced this 
 season ; plenty of seed corn. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Seed corn is scarce and high in price. 
 
 James Campbell, Stanley, Huron : No new varieties of seeds ; a good deal of changing seed, which always 
 produces good results. 
 
 John Beattie, McKillop, Huron : The Rose potato is the variety mostly grown here. Very little corn 
 is grown in the county. i 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Mammoth and Egyptian oats are grown, and they yield 
 great crops. No corn is grown except for green feed. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : The early Rose potato is the one relied on most in this section ; some are 
 experimenting with other varieties and are fairly successful. 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce : Late Rose and White Elephant potatoes both do very well on loamy 
 ground, but not on stiff clay. 
 
 J. P. Mclntyre, Kincardine, Bruce : Some parties have got White Belgian Oats and Halton seedling 
 potatoes to test them ; the Early Rose potato is generally grown. 
 
 Joseph McArdle, Proton, Grey : Farmers do not introduce haw seeds enough ; they should change every 
 other year. The Early Rose potato is chiefly planted. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Simcoe : A neighbour sowed one pound of Egyptian oats two years ago and had 
 fifty pounds yield ; he sowed the fifty pounds and had eighty bushels. New Welcome oats are also getting a 
 trial. Late Rose and Beauty of Hebron potatoes are grown principally. 
 
31 
 
 Michael Coyle, Sunnidale, Simcoe: Defiance and Champion wheat are sown here and are well liked. 
 The Mammoth Pearl Potato is planted and does very well. 
 
 B. Watterworth, Mosa, Middlesex: No new varieties of prrains are being introduced. Of potatoes we have 
 Early Rose, White Elephant, Early Ohio, Bnrbank's Seedling, and in fact a great number of other kinds, 
 all of which have their admirers. Seed corn is generally plentiful. 
 
 Wm. Sutherland, Ekfrid, Middlesex : " Lost Nation '' spring wheat is well liked. Black barley is 
 talked of, but not much sown. Beauty of Hebron and the Early and Late Rose are the favourite potatoes 
 here. 
 
 W. E. Sawyer, Caradoc, Middlesex : The corn supply is sufficient and the quality good, as tjie crop 
 matured last year. 
 
 Henry Anderson, Westminster, Middlesex : I believe nearly all our spring wheat is from seed imported 
 from the North- West, and I have no doubt that is the reason it did so well last year. Of potatoes, Beauty 
 of Hebron and Burbank's Seedling are favourites. Seed corn is scarce ; it ripened well enough, but was 
 spoiled for seed by too much rain in the field before it was husked. 
 
 Richard Joliffe, Dorchester North, Middlesex : Some few are trying spring wheat from Dakota, I can- 
 not name the variety, but the seed looks equal to the best we have seen in Ontario. 
 
 N. MoTaggart, Williams East, Middlesex : Our potatoes are the Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron, Snow 
 Flakes, and White Elephant ; the first two varieties are thought the best. We have a sufficient supply of 
 corn, and of good quality. 
 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex : We grow in potatoes. Wall's Orange, Elephant, Bliss Triumphant, 
 and Burbank's Seedling. Of these Elephant takes the lead ; Wall's Orange seenls to be the next favourite. 
 Good supply of com and good seed. 
 
 James S. Grant, Biddulph, Middlesex : No special efforts have been made to introduce new varieties of 
 seed grain. A. few new varieties of potatoes are being pushed, of which the Victor seems to be most promis- 
 ing, but the Rose and Beauty of Hebron are the favourites. Seed corn is scarce. 
 
 Alex. McFarlane, Norwich South, Oxford : We have nearly .all kinds of potatoes, but Beauty of Hebron 
 and White Elephant seem to take the lead. Corn is of a fair quality, with a fair supply. 
 
 E. Jarvis, Oxford North, Oxford : There is a good supply of corn, but I cannot tell whether the frost 
 nas affected it or not. 
 
 Nicholas Smith, Oxford West, Oxford : Some new varieties of oats are tried, but I cannot say as to their 
 merits. Beauty of Hebron, Early Rose, and White Elephant are the leading potatoes, with several varieties 
 of less merit. 
 
 Wm. Stewart, Zorra West, Oxford : We grow Early Rose and Beauty of Hebron potatoes. There is an 
 immense quantity on hand. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Plenty of seed corn of good quality to supply the demand. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : There is plenty of seed corn of good quality, most farmers saving twice 
 as much as they needed themselves. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantf ord. Brant : In potatoes. Beauty of Hebron, White Elephant and White Star are 
 the favourites. A plentiful supply of com, and of a good quality. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : Of varieties of potatoes, the White Elephant is very lar^e, fine, 
 and of good quality ; St. Patrick is a fine, smooth potato ; the Rose is an old stand-by ; Hebron is a £ne 
 early variety, of splendid quality. Corn will not be raised much this season, as peas is again doing well and 
 will be sown largely. 
 
 J. Frank, Downie, Perth : No new varieties of seed introduced. Early and Late Rose potatoes sell 
 best. 
 
 J. Crerar, Easthope, Perth : No new varieties of seed, 'so far as I know. Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron 
 and White Elephant potatoes are best. 
 
 R. Francis, Fullarton, Perth : Some fancy oats have been introduced, but not much. Early Rose and 
 other varieties of potatoes are grown, 
 
 J. Hodgson, Hibbert, Perth ; There is a new kind of oat called the Welcome. 
 
 F. R. HamUton, Hibbert, Perth : There are many varieties of potatoes grown, but I think the Beauty 
 of Hebron by far the best we have. 
 
 W B Freeborn, Mornington, Perth : I have not heard of any new varieties of seed. Our potatoes are 
 principally Eaily Rose ; a few have tried the Burbank and White Elephant, which appear proUfic. 
 
 G. FoUis, Wallace, Perth : A new variety of oats has been introduced, but I cannot spea,k as to its 
 merits yet. Early Rose and Beauty of Hebron are,good potatoes ; they yield about 200 bushels to the acre. 
 
 T. McRae, Guelph, Wellington : Not much change in seeds ; Rose, Beauty of Hebron, Peach Blows, 
 White Elephant, White Star and other potatoes are grown here. Seed corn is only used to grow for fodder. 
 
 J. Cross, Peel, Wellington : Some people have changed their seed from a distant part of the Province, 
 which I believe is a good plan. " 
 
 E. Thompson, Garafraxa W., Wellington : The Early Cluster Oats is a plump, heavy grain, and ripens 
 two weeks eaSier than other varieties. iSarly Rose and Beauty of Hebron potatoes are chiefly grown ; the 
 E^seTdiT and mealy, is the best for fall and winter use ; while the Hebron is the best keeper, the best for 
 spring and summer use, and the best to yield. 
 
 J. Strang, Garafraxa W., Wellington : Cluster oats were introduced last year, and the demand for them 
 this year is good ; time will tell how they will do. 
 
32 
 
 J. McDonald, Garafraxa W., Wellington : Some new varieties of barley and oats have been introduced ; 
 they appear to wei(?h heavier. Early Rose potatoes are grown to the greatest extent. A new variety called 
 Burbanks Seedling is growing in favour as an early potato. 
 
 F. B, Snider, Waterloo, Waterloo : One new variety of seed introduced here is the Welcome oats, 
 which is considered the finest quality ever brought to this section. White Elephant, White Star, Beauty of 
 Hebron and Early Seedling are the principal potatoes. The supply of seed com is fair. 
 
 E. Halter, Wateiloo, Waterloo: There is one new variety of oats sown here which, while not 
 yielding more straw or by the bushel, weighs from eight to ten pounds more than any kind heretofore grown. 
 Ripening early also saves it from fall frosts. 
 
 H. Lierach, Wilmot, Waterloo : No new varieties of seed introduced worth mentioning. Early and Late 
 Rose potatoes are about the principal — both are good. Quality of seed corn is good. 
 
 R. Rennelson, Dumfries N., Waterloo: The White Russian Spring wheat is considerably in vogue. 
 Early Rose gives place to numberless varieties. 
 
 R. Gray;, Mulmur, Dufferin : The Late Rose potato for main crop gives better satisfaction than any 
 other varieties. 
 
 D. Spenoe, Amaranth, Dufferin ; No new varieties of seed that I know of. Beauty of Hebron and 
 Early Ohio are the principal potatoes. I have tried many experiments, and conclude that the quality of the 
 ground and the manner of cultivation determine all. 
 
 A. Hamilton Pettit, Grimsbj?, Lincoln : Some are getting Manitoba spring wheat, hoping to benefit by 
 the change. Early Rose, White Elephant and Beauty of Hebron are considered the best and most profitable 
 potatoes. There is a plentiful supply of seed corn of a good quality. 
 
 Erank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : Burbank's Seedling and Early and Late Rose are the varieties of 
 potatoes chiefly grown, and are all highly recommended. Seed corn is plentiful and of a good quality. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Early Rose and Beauty of Hebron for early, and Late Rose and 
 White Elephant for late, are the principal market sorts of potatoes ; a large number of other sorts are 
 grown in smaller quantities. The supply of seed corn is abundant, and the quality excellent. 
 
 John Blasdell, Beverley, Wentworth : There are a great many varieties of potatoes ; the most favourable 
 sorts are the Beauty of Hebron, White Elephant and Vermont. There is a large supply of seed corn of a 
 good quality. 
 
 F. A. Walker, Ancaster, Wentworth : Mensury barley is a new variety ; it was first sowed lastyear 
 and proves a heavy yielder. Early Rose and Beauty of Hebron potatoes give a medium yield, while White 
 Elepnaut and White Star give a hea\ y yield. There is a good supply of corn for seed. 
 
 Ralph F. Little, East Flamboro', Wentworth : Mensury barley is being introduced, and it is claimed to 
 yield,largely. Beauty of Hebron for early and White Elephant for late potatoes are our choice. Plenty of 
 good hard seed corn. 
 
 WiUiam McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Early Ro^e and Beauty of Hebron potatoes are mostly grown 
 in this section ; the latter is considered the best for summer use. 
 
 Paul Kennedy, Esquesing, Halton : White Cluster oats have been sown, and the yield on good soU has 
 been 75 bushels per acre. It stands well and is of good quality. Early Rose and Beauty of Hebron 
 potatoes are grown ; they are good for table, come in early, and we don't have to fight the bugs long. 
 
 John Shaw, Esquesing, Halton : Early Cluster oats was introduced last spring and proves to be a good 
 oat to yield, with a good strong stiff straw ; it ripens about a week earlier than most of other varieties. 
 
 Francis Sleightholm, Toronto Gore, Peel : Egyptian oats have been sown with good results. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : The varieties of potatoes are the Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron 
 and Peerless. The Hebron seems to be the favorite. 
 
 N. A. Malloy, Vaughan, York : In spring wheat there is the " Acme," introduced last year ; it has 
 yielded remarkably well and is much sought after. In potatoes Beauty of Hebron, Early Rose and ChUies, 
 of which the first named is coming to the front. 
 
 A. Forster, Markham, York : Early and Late Rose potatoes are stiU doing well ; Beauty of Hebron is 
 early and a good cropper ; V^alVa Orange is late, medium size and of first class quality. 
 
 John Willis, West Whitby, Ontario : There is plenty of seed corn of apparently good qualitiy. 
 
 James Graham, Scugog, Ontario : Early and Late Rose, St. Patrick, and Elephant and many other 
 kinds of potatoes are grown. I am very doubtful if we have as good a potato to-day as the Early Rose. 
 
 A. Kinsey, Soott, Ontario : The White Belgian oat is highly productive ; it is thin in the hull, weighs 
 heavy and ripens early. 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Black barley was sown pretty largely last year, with good 
 results. Several fancy varieties of potatoes are planted with various results, but the principal crop is Early 
 and Late Rose. We raise little corn here except Horse-tooth for fodder, and we get the seed from the 
 United, States. 
 
 R. Osborne, Clarke, Durham : 1 am trying 20 acres of Oregon Fyfe wheat this spring ; it turned out 
 well last spring with those who tried it. In its perfection it resembles the old Fyfe wheat. 
 
 M. Morden, Brighton, Northumberland : Mediterranean Fall Wheat sown last fall has stood the winter 
 better than the Clawson. 
 
 A. J. File, M.D^ Ameliasburg, Prince Edward: The varieties of potatoes sown are the Burbank's 
 Seedling, Beauty of Hebron, Early and Late Rose and White Elephant. There is a difference of opinion as 
 to their merits ; the Rose potatoes have sold best in the local markets, but farmers prefer the others. A 
 nupiber of other kinds are grown, but not generally. .There seems to be a sufficiency of good seed corn. 
 
38 
 
 Saimiel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Quite a number of varieties of wheat and peas are 
 tried, which seem to do better than the old kinds. The potato is one of 'our best crops, and we grow all the 
 different varieties. Farmers differ in opinion, but the Rose gives general satisfaction. Corn was a good 
 crop last year, and farmers saved seed in good condition and plenty of it. 
 
 Geo. Lott, Richmond, Lennox : In wheat a small quantity of Siberian was introduced last year, but as 
 the season was unfavourable its merits cannot be estimated. Egyptian oats, lately introduced, are very 
 highly spoken of . Seed corn of good quality is plentiful. 
 
 James Lane, Denbigh, &o. , Lennox and Addington : Chili, Early Rose and Cup Potatoes are grown, 
 but the Rose seems to be the favourite. There was scarcely any corn raised last year, and the supply of seed 
 is limited. 
 
 .Toshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : For early potatoes the Beauty of Hebron seems to be the 
 leading variety, and for late the White Elephant. The latter is a good potato and a great producer. 
 
 JohnElkington, M.D., Palmerston, &c.,, Frontenac ; Several of us are turning our attention to sowing 
 such mixtures of grasses as are adapted to various soils for permanent pasture and hay, instead of the eternal 
 timothy which runs out so soon on these light soils, although producing magnificent crops for a few years' on 
 newly burnt lands. 
 
 Wm. A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : The Black Tartarian oats have done remarkably well. 
 
 Alex. Thomson, Yonge, Leeds ; I have sent to Manitoba for seed for myself and some of my neighbors, 
 -hoping' the change of climate may be of advantage. 
 
 Gidfeon Fairbairn, Edwardsburg, Grenville : A great variety of potatoes are grown, but the Early Rose 
 appears to take the market best here. The Burbank yields well and is a good summer potato, but does not 
 bring so much in the market as the Early Rose ; there is from three to five cents difference. The White 
 Elephant was introduced last year and yielded remarkably well, but it proved to be a tender potato ; a large 
 quantity rotted after being dug. The Beauty of Hebron is being introduced and is very highly spoken of. 
 
 Reuben Shaver, Mountain, Dundas|: Nothing more is done than changing seed from one locality to another. 
 Seed corn is plentiful and the quality is good. 
 
 D. MoDiarmid, Kenyon, Glengarry : Early Rose gives good satisfaction ; it is prolific and a good table 
 potato. 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Some new seeds are doing well. Early Rose and Chili potatoes 
 are the only varieties grown in this township, and both are doing well. 
 
 James Surch, Plantagenet South, Presoott ; Tartarian oats have been introduced and give a good 
 return, about twenty fold. White Russian wheat has been sown to some extent and does well, yielding 
 about eight^n bushels to one sown. Early Rose potatoes are the best for this section. 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton : The Early Rose potato is the best for all purposes, and th& 
 Climax for summer use and feeding. 
 
 James Seiveright, Gloucester, Carleton : The Early Rose is the leading potato here. Seed corn is plenti- 
 ful and good. 
 
 James F. Grierson, Torbolton, Carleton : Some new varieties of seed have been introduced, but they 
 do not seem much better than the old. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew: No new varieties of seed have been introduced, but it niight be.- 
 stited that vetclies increase in favour, especially for green feed. The Early Rose potato is principally grown.. 
 Corn is not much cultivated. i 
 
 Albert SmaJlfield, Horton, Renfrew : Club and Early Rose potatoes are chiefly grown ; any new varie- 
 ties only on a small scale. 
 
 Wm. Selkirk, Petawawa, Renfrew : Early Rose potatoes do well here ; no corn grown. 
 
 Wm. Brownlee, Dalhousie, Lanark : Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron, Cups, Peerless and a host of other 
 kinds of potatoes are grown, and all very good. 
 
 Cyrus Davis, Drummond, Lanark : Dan O'Rourke ]3ea is ona of the earliest varieties known, is a good 
 yielder and ripens when the Canada thistle is in bloom ; it is sure death to Canada thistles. 
 
 Geo. Green, Ramsay, Lanark : Early and Late Rose and Beauty of Hebron potatoes are the kinds prin- 
 cipally raised here. Plenty of good seed corn. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark ; White Fyfe wheat is the best we have here ; White Russian yields 
 more to the acre, but is not so saleable. 
 
 H. Reazin, Mariposa, Victoria: Very little corn is grown here; the only variety maturing well is the 
 Canada yellow. 
 
 Thomas Beall, Ops, Victoria : The Dempsey potato will be planted largely this year in this vicinity. It 
 is of first quality as a winter potato and only a few days, if at all, later than the Early Rose. It yields very 
 large crops ; large size and kidney shaped : colour, reddish russet ; very smooth, the eyes nearly even with 
 the surface. 
 
 John Fell, Somerville, Victoria : Early Rose and White Elephant a,re the chief varieties of potatoes, 
 the first as yet the most approved of. Very little 'corn is grown here ; it is not considered a sure crop, 
 though for several years past it has come to perfection,— that is the early varieties. 
 
 George Stewart, Otonabee, Peterborough : Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron and White Elephant— the lat- 
 ter variety is the most productive, but the former varieties are the best for the table. 
 
 William E. Roxburgh, Asphodel and Belmont, Peterborough: St. Patrick i.i a general favourite 
 amongst potatoes, and widely grown the past two years. The Early Rose still holds a favourite place. 
 White Russian wheat is largely sown. 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : I bought a load of potatoes in March at 25 cents a bushel and 
 fed some to my cattle. We have the best potatoes in the world. Last year's crop was splendid. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : We are having more enterprise amongst 
 our settlers the past couple of years ; many now bring their seed grain from the front townships, but depend 
 upon old varieties. Rose potatoes are being superseded by Beauty of Hebron and Surprise, both of which 
 do remarkably well. The Beauty of Hebron is an excellent potato for use ; it is generally dry, firm, even 
 sized and a very good keeper, as well as being very prolific. The Surprise probably is a larger yielder, but 
 has not so many good qualities. The Rose is still grown with good results and some immense crops. 
 
 William Davis, Sidney, Hastings : Early Rose, Snow Make, Beauty of Hebron, Burbank's Seedling 
 and White Star are our varieties of potatoes. The Early Rose is raised in the greatest quantity, although 
 Burbank's Seedling is said to be the most prolific. There is plenty of seed corn of good quality. 
 
 D. Kavanagh, Dungannon and Faraday, Hastings : White Russian and China wheat grow well in 
 sandy loam. Very little corn is sown ; the summer frost kills it. 
 
 James Young, Morrison, Muskoka : Early Rose and Beauty of Hebron are the chief varieties of 
 potatoes, but the Hebron is taking the lead. > 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : The only new variety of potato known .of is the Rural Blush, of 
 which I planted nearly three pounds and had over a bushel. The potatoes chiefly grown are the Early Rose 
 and Beauty of Hebron. 
 
 Stephen Brundige, Ryde, Muskoka : We had seed corn enough for local use, the kind being the Tucket 
 •or small yellow. 
 
 James D. Smith, McLean and Ridout, Muskoka : Beauty of Hebron and White Elephant potatoes are 
 :growiug very much in favour, the former for its maturing early, and the latter for its productiveness and 
 good keeping qualities. 
 
 James Early, Chaffey, Muskoka : Potatoes are hard to get at 75 cents per bushel. We have plenty of 
 sseed corn. 
 
 George B. Meredith, Franklin, Muskoka : The Early and Late Rose potatoes are considered the best. 
 Corn is plentiful. 
 
 Donald Gordon, Chapman, Parry Sound : The varieties of potatoes grown are the Early Rose, Climax, 
 "White Elephant, Black- Cups and Beauty of Hebron. I class Chmax as A 1 for table use ; they are also good 
 croppers. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma : White Russian, Scotch and Red Chaflf seem to be the leading 
 kinds. Early Rose, Snowflakes, Cups and a late variety of the Rose all do well. I have purchased some 
 Snowflakes and the Late Rose which could not be beaten as to quality ; they sell at 50 cents per bushel. 
 
 FRUIT TREES AND VEGETATION. 
 
 Fruit trees are generally in a healthy condition. Some young pear trees in the 
 northern counties and districts were killed by the hard frosts of winter, as were also a 
 large number of plum trees in Grey and Bruce whose vitality^ad been lowered by disease ; 
 these instances, however, are exceptional. The state of vegetation is too' backward to. 
 express an opinion on the prospects of the season's fruit crop, but blossom buds are 
 plentiful on apple and pear trees, and also on plum and cherry trees where these are not 
 aflected with Ijlack-knot. Peach trees have suffered severely from the winter weather in 
 Huron, Lambton and all the Lake Erie counties ; the fruit buds are destroyed, and it is 
 feared that many of the trees will die. In Lincoln and Wentworth, below the mountain, 
 there will probably be a third of a crop. In Northumberland, Prince Edward and 
 Lennox it is believed that all the more tender varieties of fruit trees have suffered from 
 an ice-storm in the latter part of the winter. 
 
 Geo. Leak, Rochester, Essex : Vegetation is very backward ; the grass is just getting so that cattle 
 can eat it, but there are no leaves on the trees yet. According to appearance there will be abundance of 
 blossoms on apple and plum trees, but cherries will be scarce. There will be no peaches, as the blossom-buds 
 are winter-killed. 
 
 Walter Grubbe, South Colchester, Essex : The season is very backward. Ploughing commenced late for 
 oats and barley, and very little corn will be planted before the first of June. We have had only three days 
 of anything like growing weather. The mnter has killed a good many peach trees. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex ; We have had a very cold backward spring. Although the weather was 
 fine it was dry and cold, and vegetation did not get a start until after the rains which fell from the 3rd to the 
 8th inst. inclusive. Now we are having fine warm days and nights, and things begin to look better. Fruit 
 trees appear good and healthy, but backward for the season ; only just beginning to show the top of the 
 blossom. 
 
 John Warnock, Tilbury West, Essex : The grass is backward and hardly capable of supporting cattle 
 yet. The leaves are about half out on the trees, or scarcely that. 
 
35 
 
 John Buokland, Gosfield, Essex ; Fair prospects for apples. Peaches will be a failure, the fruit buds 
 being killed. Cherries will be good, with favourable weather. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essex : The season is very backward ; grass has been growing for the last week 
 only. Forest trees are just beginning to show signs of leafing, and are at least two weeks late. Good appear- 
 ance for apples, plums and cherries, but not for peaches. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : Apple and cherry trees are all right, but peaches and grapes are badly 
 mnter-killed. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : Trees look healthy but no signs of leafing yet. It is thought the peach 
 crop is entirely destroyed. ' 
 
 W. McKenzie Koss, Harwich, Kent : Apple trees are loaded with blossom-buds. Peaches are dead in 
 Inany places, and there will be no fruit on them. Pears, plums and cherries are in good condition, and 
 came tnrough the winter in fine order. Small fruits will no doubt be good also. Strawberries are now in 
 bloom. 
 
 E. B. Harrison, Howard, Kent ; Apple, pear, plum and cherry trees are all right so far as the winter is 
 concerned. Peach trees look pretty hard and the buds are not started yet. Black knot has shown itself, 
 and nothing is being done for it. 
 
 James McFarlane, Dover, Kent : All fruit trees have suffered much by the cold winter ; peaches are 
 mostly killed. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden^ Kent : Apple trees are in good condition, and there are prospects of a heavy 
 crop. Cherry trees promise fair. The winter has killed the peach trefes. ; 
 
 L. E. Volger, Zone, Kent : Apple and cherry trees are in good condition. Peach trees are all killed, 
 and plum treei have been badly injured by the winter. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Buds are very slow in opening ; they appear rather dry to give a 
 healthy blossom. That is, back from lake front ; along the lake shore there will be plenty of blossom, but 
 late in opening. 
 
 M. Payne, Port Stanley, Elgin : All kinds of fruit in the village promise well, and so far the effect of 
 the very severe winter is noticeable only on a few raspberry bushes, which appear to have been frozen. The 
 prospect of a good fruit crop is very good, and unless injured later on we will have abundance. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : Vegetation is very backward ; I never saw it more so, it being 
 three weeks later than usual. ^ 
 
 T M Nairn, Malahide, Elgin : Fair prospect for apples and pears ; peaches are winter-killed. T^here 
 is a good show for blossoms on cherry and plum trees, but the trees are affected to a considerable extent by 
 the black knot. 
 
 Charles Chute, Bayham, Elgin : Apple and cherry trees look well, and there is plenty of fruit-buds. 
 Peach trees were badly killed by the winter, and the fruit-buds appear to be all killed. 
 
 Geo Cruise Walsingham, Norfolk : Apple trees look well and give promise of plenty of fruit ; peaches 
 and plums are not much grown ; cherries are good. The frost has killed the peach trees in some places. 
 
 B. KiUmaster, Walsingham, Norfolk ; The prospects of fruit are good, except peaches, and they are a 
 total failure. 
 
 John Ostrander, Middleton, Norfolk : Fruit trees of all kinds are very backward, and somewhat injured 
 by the winter. 
 
 H. J. Barber, Townsend, Norfolk : The winter has killed a number of peach trees. 
 
 L. N. CoUver, Townsend, Norfolk : Apple and cherry trees seem all right, but peach and plum trees 
 have been injured by the very severe frosts. 
 
 John A Campbell, Windham, Norfolk : Peach trees were badly injured by the extremely cold winter. 
 Other fruit trees look all right, but are probably more or less injured. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, CharlotteviUe, Norfolk : Vegetation is very backward. Some seasons I have turned my 
 cattle out on the first of May on young clover and had plenty of pasture, and usually from the 6th to the 
 10th, but this spring I have not turned them out yet. 
 
 G E Fitzgerald, Rainham,Haldimand; The grass has started to grow ; but forest trees have not yet 
 show^' in leaf .Pears are full of blossom buds, and old plum trees are full of black knot. Young Lombards 
 are doing well ; small fruits are looking well. No peaches. ^ 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : The season is very backward ; fruit trees not far enough 
 advanced for one to form an opinion yet. 
 
 J. H. Honser, Canborough, Haldimand : The season is three weeks late ; buds are just starting. Some 
 fruit trees have been girdled Dy mice. 
 
 George E Robertson, Wainfleet, Welland : Vegetation is very backward. Peach trees have suffered 
 from the severe winter, but it is too soon to determine the state of fruit trees. 
 
 E. W. Farer, Humberstone, Welland : Grass and forest vegetation is very backward. The apple trees 
 appear in good condition ; peaches are nearly all killed ; plum and cherry trees look very well. 
 
 Duncan Schooley, Bertie, Welland : The season is very backward-two weeks l^ter than usual. Fruit 
 of all kinds appears to have wintered well. 
 
 S. H. Van Every, Pelham, Welland : Peach trees have been injured very much by the winter. Other 
 trees appear all right. c r ■<. 
 
 John Wilson, Thorold, Welland : Vegetation is two weeks later than usual. The appearance of fruit 
 trees is good. 
 
36 
 
 Wm. Parker, Stamford, Welland : The season is very backward ; there has been no spring weather yet. 
 Plum, pear and cherry trees have plenty of blossom buds, but apple trees are not far enough advanced for 
 one to give any opinion upon the fruit prospect. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Grass is backward, owing to the cold weather. Plum and cherry trees 
 look well ; apple trees not forward enough to form an opinion as to them ; peaches do not thrive here. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : The season is very late. Apple and cherry trees look well ; the 
 emnants of plum and peach trees have quite succumbed to the \vinter. 
 
 R. T. Marshall, Moore, Lambton : Along the river vegetation is much later than back in the country, 
 owing to cold weather all through April, and up till the 10th of May. Apple and cherry trees look well ; 
 peaches are winter-killed, and also most of the plums. 
 
 Edward Bowlby, Brooke, Lambton : Grass and forest vegetation is backward. All fruit trees seem to 
 be in good condition, 'except peaches, and they are injured so badly that there will be no crop this year. 
 
 James Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton ; Forest trees are just coming out in leaf, and grass is starting to 
 grow. Peach trees were greatly damaged by the severe winter, and plums will be a failure owing to the 
 curculio. Apple, cherry and pear trees appear to be in good condition. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : The season is very backward, but a wonderful change to-day 
 (May 6th) after last night's warm rain. Apple, plum and cherry trees are very promising. There will be 
 some peaches. 
 
 George Hess, Hay, Huron : Vegetation is very good ; peach trees are nearly all destroyed by the un- 
 usually severe winter. Apple, plum, and cherry trees seem to have stood the winter well, as the blossoms 
 are coming out fine. 
 
 N. Robson, HuUett, Huron : Vegetation is backward. The extreme hard frost has injured some fruit 
 trees, particularly those in exposed situations. 
 
 James Campbell, Stanley, Huron : Grass and forest vegetation is very backward. Fruit trees are also 
 backward, but I do not think the winter has done them much injury. 
 
 G. E. Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : Grass is about as far advanced as usual at this season of the 
 year, but forest vegetation more backward. There is promise of a good fruit crop. 
 
 Hugh Robb, Tuckersmith, Huron : Grass is growing nicely, and the trees are just commencing to bud ; 
 cannot say much about fruit prospects yet. 
 
 John Hislop, Grey, Huron : Grass and forest vegetation is late for the season of the year. A consider- 
 able number of the young fruit trees were frozen last winter. 
 
 Wm. Young, Colborne, Huron : Very little vegetation yet. The peach trees are all killed, but I cannot 
 say as to other fruits, as they are not far enough advanced. 
 
 George Hood, Morris, Huron,: Very little growth yet ; the buds are just swelling on the forest trees. 
 My plum trees that have borne fruit 'are dead ; those that never bore fruit are alive. The frost seems to 
 have injured many of the young branches on the apple trees. 
 
 Finlay Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron: Grass is very backward ; not enough for cattle to live on 
 yet. Fruit trees seem in good condition. ' 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Grass is backward, and there is no sign of greenness in 
 the forest yet. Fruit trees all look healthy. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : Vegetation, considering the lateness of the spring, is in a forward condi- 
 tion. Fruit trees do not appear to have suffered much from the severity of the winter, so far as can be seen 
 at the present time. 
 
 David Sullivan, Brant, Bruce:' Vegetation is very backward. Fruit trees seem all right but with no 
 appearance of vegetation. Apple scions appear to be frozen on some varieties. ' 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : Grass is very backward for the season so far that cattle can't Uve 
 without handfeedmg yet. Forest vegetation is coming forward rapidly with the last four days of warm 
 south wind. Fruit trees look healthy and vigorous, especially apple and cherry. 
 
 J. N. Gardner, Arran, Bruce: The willow buds are showing green; vegetation is very backwaid; 
 apple trees are all right. "^ 
 
 John Craig, Amabel, Bruce : Vegetation is very backward ; no growth until yesterday. Fruit trees 
 are not advanced enough to predict with any certainty about the crop; young trees that were planted last 
 season m many cases have been frozen and are dead. 
 
 any 
 
 Mr. J. Norris, Eastnor, Bruce : There are only a few young orchards planted here as yet, and hardly 
 bearing fruit, but J. think they have stood the winter well. 
 
 Ja,mes Shearer, Egrement, Grey : Grass has grown a little the last few days ; before that the weather 
 was cold, with icy winds. 1 ruit and forest trees have just begun to swell their buds. 
 
 Henry Byers, Normanby, Grey : Vegetation is very backward ; not a sign of a bud on most of the trees 
 yet. In some orchards there is a good appearance for fruit and on others none ; the trees have stood the 
 winter well. 
 
 John McCallum, Bentinok, Grey : Considering the cold weather we have had till this week Brass and 
 forest vegetation is very promising-better than at this time last year." Fruit trees seem to have come 
 through the winter m a fair condition. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : The warm weather of this week is causing the grass to start but there 
 IS almost no pasture yet. Trees are just budding, and fruit trees do not seem to have been injured by the 
 winter. The few plum trees that were left are completely covered with black knot 
 
37 
 
 James Brodie, Artemesia, Grey : Vegetation is backward, what might be called spring weather having 
 only set in this week. Fruit trees are at present good, not having been affected unfavorably by winter. 
 
 James Cannon, jr., Sydenham, Grey : Vegetation is about as far advanced as usual at this time. Truit 
 trees look very healthy, with the exception of peach, which are nearly all killed by the extreme frost. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simooe : No grass yet ; the fields are just getting green, but not fit for pasture. 
 The maples are commencing to bud, and all kinds of fruit trees look healthy, that is, as far as the winter is 
 concerned. There are a great many poor apple trees in nearly every orchard. 
 
 Michael Coyle, Sunnidale, Simooe : Grass and forest vegetation is extremely backward. Apple, peach, 
 plum, cherry, and other fruit trees look bad, the winter having affected them very much. 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : Grass is backward, but forest vegetation is as forward as it usually is 
 at this time of the year. Fruit trees look very well, and are making a good appearance for blossom ; the 
 hard winter does not appear to have injured the^. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : Vegetation is very late. Apple trees are good ; one-half the plum 
 trees have .died ; cherry trees have stood the winter well ; other small fruit look healthy. Any tender 
 varieties are badly injured, while hardier varieties appear healthy. 
 
 Benjamin Watterworth, Mosa, Middlesex : Grass, forest, and in fact all vegetation is at least ten days 
 or two weeks later than usual. Apple trees give promise of an abundance of bloom, but the peach trees 
 have suffered severely through the hard winter, and there is no likelihood of bloom. Plums are very little 
 cultivated. Cherries show signs of a good bloom. 
 
 Wm. Sutherland, Ekfield, Middlesex : Grass and forest vegetation is backward. An average of 15 
 years when the wild plum blossomed here gives May 10th ; it blossomed yesterday (17th), making the season 
 seven days later than the average. Apple and cheriy trees promise to blossom full. Plums promise a few 
 blossoms, but peach trees are mostly killed to the ground. 
 
 James A. Glen,^ Westminster, Middlesex : The season is very backward, and grass is only starting ; the 
 trees are only bursting their buds. Fruit trees are very backward, but look healthy. A number of peach 
 trees are killed. Cherries are full of blossom binds, and there is a medium show of buds on apple and pear 
 trees. 
 
 C. Greenaway, Adelaide, Middlesex : Vegetation is very backward ; good prospects for fruit blossoms. 
 
 Richard Jolliffe, Dorchester North, Middlesex : Grass seems to be starting pretty well, but rather later 
 than for some years. Apple, plum and cherry trees look favorable ; they have not been hurt much by the 
 winter. 
 
 Chas. Jas. Fox, Delaware, Middlesex : Vegetation is very backward at the present date. Apple, 
 plum, and cherry trees bid fair to be full of blossom. Peaches are all vrinter-killed. 
 
 Wm. Elliott, Williams West, Middlesex : Vegetation is backward on account of the long winter and 
 frosts in spring. Apple and cherry trees have a good appearance. Peach and plum trees are very rare in 
 this township'. Peach trees have been injured. * 
 
 Wm. Wright, McGillivray, Middlesex : Vegetation is very backward. Plum trees are nearly all 
 destroyed by black knot. I don't think the winter has injured trees to any great extent. 
 
 Alex. McFarlane, Norwich South, Oxford : Vegetation is backward. All fruit tr^es seem to be healthy 
 except the peach, which has been nipped on the tender boughs of last year's growth. 
 
 Nicholas Smith, Oxford West, Oxford ; Vegetation is very backward. No serious damage to fruit 
 trees, except to the peaches, which are mostly killed. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : Grass has grown but little ; forest trees are just breaking the bud. 
 From present appearances I would say fruit trees have wintered well. 
 
 John Wright, Oakland, Brant : Grass and forest vegetation is very backward. Apple trees look well. 
 
 C. Jarvis, Brantford, Brant : The fruit trees seem to have stood the long cold winter well, and there 
 will likely be an abundant crop of plums, cherries and pears, ipples are likely to be scarce. Grapes are 
 coming on well. Mice have for the first time girdled many of my pear trees ; some think they come over 
 from as island close by, where they are known to be very numerous. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : Most of the fruit trees appear to promise well. Cherry trees have 
 been considerably damaged by black knot. 
 
 J. Frame, Downie, Perth : Grass is a little later than usua,l this spring. Peaches and plums none. Too 
 early to tell the winter effefct on apples, cherries and other fruit. 
 
 J. Orerar, Easthope N., Perth : Grass is backward for the season ; cannot say yet as to fruit. 
 
 G. Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Grass and all kinds of vegetation very backward ; apple trees look 
 promising ; no peaches ; cherry trees not healthy. 
 
 A. McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Grass and forest vegetation say ten days late. Fruit trees so late that I 
 cannot report. 'The winter had no serious effect on them. 
 
 J. Carmichael, Hibbert, Perth : Grass is in a very backward state. With a few exceptions, the ap- 
 pearance of fruit there is good ; the frost has injured some of the apple and plum trees. 
 
 W. J. McLagan, Logan, Perth : Gra^s is very backward ; too soon to form opinion as to fruit trees. 
 
 J. McCormick, Peel, Wellington : Grass appears pretty well ; fruit trees stood the winter all right. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : Grass very backward ; I have not seen vegetation so backward during 
 the past thirty-eight years. Apple trees appear healthy, but cherry and plum trees are diseased ; we do not 
 grow peaches. 
 
 John Black, Eramosa, Wellington : The grass and forest are just starting, owing to late spring. 
 
38 
 
 John Mair, Nichol, Wellington : Grass is very backward ; no growth until the last few days, and fruit 
 trees are not advanced sufficiently to spsak upon. 
 
 C. NickUn, Pilkington, Wellington : Grass is rather backward, and there are but few cattle on pastures 
 as yet. Meadows are very backward and require rain. There are fair indications for fruit. 
 
 Thos. McCrae, Guelph, Wellington: Grass has been making great progress within last week. Fruit 
 trees are just beginning to put out the leaf ; the frost destroyed only a few. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Grass is unusually late ; there is practically no vegetation yet. 
 
 Peter Wingel, Woolwich, Waterloo : Only a fair crop of fruit is expected ; some fruit trees were killed 
 by the severe frost. 
 
 Alex. Rannie, Wellesley, Waterloo : Grass is starting to grow, and looking green the Jast few days. I 
 do not think the winter hurt the fruit trees. 
 
 G. Bellinger, Wellesley, Waterloo : Not much sign of forest vegetation yet ; no peaches grown around 
 here ; the other varieties mentioned seem to thrive, and have stood the winter well. 
 
 B. Dewitt, Waterloo, Waterloo : Grass and forest vegetation is backward owing to the late spring. I 
 cannot say muph about apples as yet, they are just commencing to bud ; plums and cherries are failing in 
 this section of country. 
 
 R. Rennelson, North Dumfries, N., Waterloo : Grass is very backward ; no appearance of fruit as yet ; 
 cherry trees are dead. 
 
 George Gumming, Mulmur, Dufferin : No vegetation as yet ; and as I write (5th of May) there is five 
 inches of snow on the ground ; it fell this morning. 
 
 D. Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : Grass is very far back ; I have not seen it so late in forty-one years of 
 my experience in Canada. 
 
 Hugh McDougall, Luther East, Dufferin : Grass has made a little start, but has been retarded by the 
 cold weather of the last few days. Forest vegetation is at a standstill ; buds are scarcely expanding as yet. 
 Fruit trees have suffered to some extent, but I cannot say how much. 
 
 John H. Lindebury, Gainsborough, Lincoln : Backward for the time of the year. Apple, plum and 
 cherry trees are looking well ; peach trees along the lake show some blossoms, but on the mountain none. I 
 think it was too cold for the peaiah. 
 
 James Gill, South Grimsby, Lincoln : The fields are green, but on account of the cold the grass is com- 
 ing on slowly. It will be near the first of June before there is much pasture. Forest trees wfll soon be in 
 , leaf. The apple trees appear well. 
 
 / George Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Fruit trees appear extra good except peaches, upon these winter has . 
 had a bad effect, killing about one-half of the blossom-buds. 
 
 Robert N. Ball, Niagara, Lincoln : Fruit trees look very good except peaches which have suffered some, 
 but not enough to ruin the crop. Vegetation has been very backward. 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Grass is green, but very backward. Fruit trees are affected very 
 little, except the peaches, which have about two-thirds of blossoms killed. 
 
 George Allison, East Flamboro', Wentworth : Grass looks good, but not much advanced. The 
 J)rospects for all fruit, except peach, are very good. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinquacousy, Peel : Vegetation is very backward— fully two weeks later than last year. 
 Fruit trees seem all right. 
 
 John Willis, West Whitby, Ontario : Vegetation is yery backward, Apple trees are all right ; a large 
 number of peach and pear trees were killed. Plums and cherries are sadly affected by black knot. 
 
 George Smith, sr., Thorah, Ontario : Grass and forest vegetation is backward. Fruit trees are retarded 
 by the late spring, but not seriously injured by the winter. 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Vegetation is a long way behind. Trees generally have stood 
 the winter well ; cherry trees are being destroyed by the black knot. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : No grass or forest vegetation yet. Fruit trees look healthy, and 
 the early varieties are showing some signs of budding ; the winter does not seem to have injured them. 
 
 John Williams, Hamilton, Northumberland. Very backward, the buds scarcely opening on the 15th, 
 and the grass only just starting:. Trees are not injured by winter, except being somewhat broken by the 
 heavy load of loe frozen on during the latter part of the season. 
 
 William Macklin, Haldimand, Northumberland : Very backward, but growth is rapid now. Apple 
 teees appear poor; while plums promise well. Cherry trees are nearly all destroyed by the black knot. 
 Ihose who tried to raise peaches have had them nearly all .killed by the late exceedingly long and cold 
 winter. , o j s 
 
 Andrew M. Haight, Hallowell, Prince Edward: Forest vegetation was hurt some by the ice. Winter 
 has attected the trees very little, but there has been some damage done by mice. 
 
 ^ Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Grass is very late— only just starting to grow. Fruit 
 trees appear very well, but no blossoms as yet. The heavy storm of sleet, ice and wind in the latter part of 
 winter was too much for trees in general, breaking down many limbs. 
 
 Wm. H. Montray Amherst Island, Lennox and Addington: The season is very backward. Fruit 
 trees look healthy and do not seem to be injured, except where limbs are broken off by a few days of frozen 
 rain. "^ ^ 
 
 ■ '^TP.^,?**! Richmond, Lennox : Grass and forest vegetation is very backward. Fruit trees are look- 
 ing well, but backward also ; no peaches grown here. 
 
39 
 
 J. B. Aylesworth, Camden East, Addington : Ten or twelve days behin<i ordinary seasons ; leaf buds 
 just beginning to swell ; no appearance of blossom. 
 
 M. Mehill, Howe Island, Frontenac : 'Very little growth ; scarcely a bnd out on the trees yet. 
 
 Thos. Briggs, Kingston, Frontenac : Grass and forest vegetation look favourable. It is too early to 
 form a definite opinion as to the state of fruit trees, but there is no complaint of injury so fay. 
 
 B. Watkins, Clarendon, Frontenac : Grass is just beginning to start. No fruit grown here. 
 
 G. F. Deane, Lansdowne, Leeds : A very late spring ; no growth yet. Apple trees and small fruits seem 
 all right. , ' 
 
 C. Chapman, Edwardsburg, South Grenville : Some fruit trees have been injured by field mice, but they 
 seem to have stood the winter well. 
 
 John Conn, Oxford, Grenville : About ten days later than last year. Fruit trees do not seem injured 
 by the winter. 
 
 Alex. Buchannan, South Gower, Grenville : No green thing ^et ; snow yesterday and hail this morning 
 (Ma.y 9th) ; a very late spring. 
 
 Reuben Shaver, Matilda, Dundas : Vegetation is very backward. Apple trees are just beginning to 
 bud. I do not think fruit trees are much injured by the winter. 
 
 Wm. Kyle, Williamsburg, Dundas : Very backward. Fruit trees seem to have stood the winter well. 
 
 John MoRae, Roxborough, Stormont : Grass is just beginning to show signs of life. No injury to fruit 
 trees noticenble yet. 
 
 John Shields, West Hawkesbury, Presoott ; No vegetation yet ; frost in the ground and quantities of 
 snow to be seen almost everywhere. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : No growth until' the last day or two. Fruit trees seem to have 
 wintered well. 
 
 John O'CaUaghan, North Gower, Carleton ; Very late spring ; little or no growth yet. I think fruit 
 trees have wintered all right. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : Vegetation is very backward. Apples and plums are the only 
 fruit grown here ; they seem all right, 
 
 J. J. Smyth, Gloucester, Carleton : Vegetation is very backward ; fully three weeks later than last 
 spring. Apple and plum trees appear to be safe, but late, 
 
 John Carter, Brougham, Renfrew : Grass and forest vegetation just commencing to show. Fruit trees 
 seem uninjured. 
 
 Thomas Wasmund, Radcliffe and Raglan, Renfrew : Spring is very backward. Very little fruit grown 
 here. 
 
 John Stewart, McNa>, Renfrew : Vegetation is just commencing. As far as we can judge, fruit trees 
 have wintered safely. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : Vegetation is just starting. Fruit trees seem all right. 
 
 Thomas Lett, Wilberforce, Renfrew : Rapid growth, has not set in. The apple and plum trees are 
 loaded with blossom buds. 
 
 Thomas Moss, South Sherbrook, Lanark : Grass looks green this morning for the first time, but the 
 forest looks like winter yet. I think fruit trees are safe. 
 
 John Gibson, Bathurst, Lanark : The grass has just commenced to grow. I think fruit trees have 
 wintered well. 
 
 Reuben Stedman, Drummond, Lanark : Grass begins to look well, aud fruit trees appear to be all right. 
 
 John H. Eraser, Drummond, Lanark ; Vegetation is only starting. Apple trees seem to have wintered 
 all right. 
 
 Daniel Drummond, Ramsay, Lanark : Vegetation is hot started yet. What fruit trees there are seem 
 all right. 
 
 George Green Ramsay, Lanark: Grass is about as usual; no signs of the forest leafing out. Fruit 
 trees have all suffered from the hard winter ; there is more dead wood than usual ; many are killed and some 
 are split from roots to branches. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : Vegetation is very badkward. Apple and plum trees are all right. 
 
 Thomas Beall, Ops, Victoria ; Very late ; soft maples have been in bloom over a week, but leaf buds on 
 hard maples have nSt yet opened. Apple and plum trees are looking unusually well, showing a large 
 quantity of blossom buds and indicating that a good crop may be expeoteS Young pear trees are nearly all 
 very much injured by the severe winter weather. Some of the young wood on older trees is frozen, but the 
 fruit buds on healthy trees are looking well. . 
 
 A. Sherwin, Fenelon, Victoria : Very backward ; in fact I cannot say vegetation has commenced yet. 
 The trees do not seem to be affected by winter weather. 
 
 •John Fell, SomerviUe, Victoria : Vegetation is remarkably late. Forest trees show no signs of growth. 
 Fruit trees are very late, but the winter has not damaged them to any extent. 
 
 J. M. Drummond, Otonabee, Peterborough ; Owing to the last two or three weeks' cold weather the 
 vegetation is very backward. The buds of fruit trees are just beginning to swell, and they appear to have 
 wintered well. ■ 
 
40 
 
 \ 
 
 Porter Preston, Belmont, Peterborough : The winter has not affected trees in the least, but they are 
 very backward. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Grass and forest vegetation is at least three weeks later than 
 the averagBj and seeding has even yet made but moderate progress. The ground is frozen five inches below 
 the surface in many places. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : Grass is only beginning to sprout and 
 only a few of the trees have budded yet. The past winter has been very hard on young orchards, which I 
 may say is about all we have here. Planting fruit trees has not proved generally successful, although in 
 some oases the Duchess of Oldenburg apple has attained perfection. Several varieties of crab apples do well. 
 
 William Davis, Sidney, Hastings : Grass is backward but looking well, and vegetation is coming on 
 nicely. There is every indication of a large amount of blossom on all kinds of fruit trees ; they nave 
 wintered well. 
 
 John Johnston, Thurlow, Hastings : As the spring is very late, grass and forest vegetation is backward. 
 Fruit trees are looking splendid, the winter not having affected them. There is a prospect of a good crop 
 of all kinds of fruit. 
 
 William Watt, Jr., WoUaaton, Hastings : Grass is very poor as yet. The winter had no effect on fruit 
 trees, and all appear well. 
 
 James Young, Morrison, Muskoka : Very late ; the trees have just started to bud. There are not many 
 orchards in this township, but what I have seen look strong and healthy. 
 
 Stephen Brundige, Ryde, Muskoka : the grass is just starting. The appearance of the fniit trees is 
 good ; they have wintered well, but some have been peeled two feet high by mice. 
 
 A. H. Smith, Mouck, Muskoka : Vegetation is backward, the latest known since settlement. No signs 
 of leafing yet ; a great many young trees are reported dead. 
 
 Henry W. Gill, Watt, Muskoka : Very backward, the latest known since settlement. No signs of 
 leafing yet ; a great many young trees are reported dead, 
 
 Hugh Jackson, Humphrey, Parry Sound ; Grass and forest vegetation is very late. Apple and plum 
 trees seem all right after the winter. 
 
 S. J. Peake, Poley, Parry Sound : Vegetation very backward. Apple trees suffered badly ; I have lost 
 fifty trees this winter ; plum trees look promising. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma : No growth luntil the present time, and no leaves in the forest ; 
 apple trees do well when the right sort are put out on proper soil, well-drained, fenced and good care taken 
 of them : however, this is not tne rule here, and apples are scarce. 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The long winter was a hard strain on live stock, but, excepting in the northern and 
 north-eastern counties, over which the drought of last summer extended, the supply of 
 fodder has been sufficient. In the northern townships of Huron, in Bruop, and in portions 
 of Grey, Siincoe, Muskoka and Parry Sound, a state of famine prevailed, and hay sold in 
 March and April at $18 to |25 per ton. A large quantity of pressed hay was sent into 
 these districts over the railways, but the demand was only supplied in part, and many 
 animals Hied of starvation. In the lake Erie and most of the West Midland counties, on 
 the other hand, hay sold at $5 to |10 per ton, and all classes of live stock were well fed, 
 more especially as coarse grains were plentiful and the market prices for them very low. 
 But in consequence of the length of the winter the supply of fodder has been very nearly 
 pxhauted, and little, if any, will be carried over to another season. In the Lake Ontario 
 and St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties large quantities of hay of the crop of 1883 were 
 in the hands of the farmers, and with economy in the feeding of stock the supply has been 
 almost sufficient. The health of animals in these districts has been_very satisfactory, but 
 they are thin in flesh. In the western and south-western counties horse distemper has 
 prevailed, and many deaths are reported. There was also a large mortality among young 
 pigs and lambs, caused no doubt by the severity of the weather at the time they were 
 dropped. In many cases whole litters of pigs were lost. 
 
 George Leak, Rochester, Essex : I think there is a greater supply of cattle than usual, which perhaps 
 accounts for their poor condition. There was a plentiful supply of fodder throughout the winter. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Most of the stock cattle are rather thin in flesh. The fodder suddIv 
 was scarce enough with a good many through the winter. 
 
 ener'^U '^ ^°<='^'«*"' Sandwich West, Essex ; There is a scarcity of fodder round here, and in the munioipaUty 
 
41 
 
 George Little, Sandwich East, Essex ; Live stock ia looking thin. There has been a scarcity of fodder 
 m this part. 
 
 S. McGee, Maiden, Essex : No disease among stock of any kind, except that a largte number of young 
 pigs are dymg, but from what cause cannot be stated. 
 
 N. A. Coate, Maiden, Essex : The winter has been very severe'for this part of the country— the most 
 severe so far as known by any of the farmers of any winter on record. The cattle had to be fed much longer 
 , than usual, and sufficient fodder existed for all the requirements up to the end of April, but at present it is 
 getting scarce. Grass, however, is at last coming up. Cattle are generally in fair condition, and no sickness 
 prevails. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : Store pigs look well, and there is a good supply of food. I never knew 
 of a winter when so many sows lost their young ; hogs will not be so plentiful as was expected. 
 
 A. M. Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex ; Plenty of corn from last fall kept the live stock well. 
 
 William Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Live stock looks quite as well if not better than in former years. 
 Sheep are rather i)oor on account of the long winter. Sows that had pigs between January 1st and April 1st 
 lost nearly all, owing to the very severe weather. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : There has been a great loss of young pigs ; many farmers lost both sows 
 and pigs. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : In this vicinity stock of all kinds looks reasonably well ; no disease of any 
 kind. Some complaints of loss of young pigs. 
 
 W. C. Fletcher, Tilbury East, Kent : Live stock are generally in good condition, and food of all kinds 
 has been plentiful. 
 
 C. Darling, Howard, Kent : Fodder has been fairly plentiful and live stock looks well, with some few 
 exceptions. 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Orford, Kent : Horses, cattle, sheep and hogs are all looking well ; plenty of grain 
 this season, and it has been well fed. Any quantity of straw unujed, and a good supply of hay at 88 to SIO 
 per ton. 
 
 James MaoFarlane, Dover, Kent : Some farmers were rather scarce of fodder owing to the long, cold 
 winter, but not the majority. 
 
 Thomas Bateman, Chatham, Kent : Live stock as a rule look better than after the long winter, especially 
 cattle. Pigs are rather scarce, a few having died about a month ago from hog cholera. 
 
 A. H. Shaw, Camden, Kent : The condition of live stock very fair ; plenty of fodder, but it is getting 
 a little scarce now. ' 
 
 ]). McKillop, Aldborough, Elgin : The winter was favourable for sheep, and they are generally in fair 
 condition. Fodder of all kinds is entirely consumed, and in some localities it has been rather scarce. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Live stock look very well. Pigs are in good order, but around 
 here a majority of sows pigged about the 17th of March, and the weather being excessively cold, the pigs were 
 nearly all lost. Fodder has been abundant throughout the winter, but owing to the long cold winter and late 
 spring it is getting pretty well cleaned out. 
 
 D. M. McCallum, Dunwich, Elgin : Cattle and horses are looking very well ; sheep are very poor, the 
 winter being so close and dry. There was plenty of feed and of a good quality, hay especially. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Live stock are all in good condition ; no disease of any kind, and 
 plenty of fodder so far. 
 
 John A. Squance, Yarmouth, Elgin : Live stock of all kinds have come through in very good condition. 
 There has been a good supply of fodder. Many farms in my locality had hay to sell. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : Horses are fairly well now, but a great many have been affected 
 with a kind of diphtheria or distemper ; a number of bad cases, but not many deaths. Hogs are scarce, a 
 great many having lost their spring litters. 
 
 T. M. Nairn, Malahide, Elgin : All live stock are good and no scarcity of fodder. 
 
 W. J. Emery, Bayham, Elgin : Cattle of all kinds look well ; no disease and no scarcity of fodder. 
 
 Robert Gamham, Houghton, Norfolk : Live stock are thrifty when taken care of by careful persons. 
 
 George Cruise, Walsingham, Norfolk : The condition of live stock is good. The long, cold winter has 
 pretty well exhausted the fodder supply, and as a consequence the animals in general are a little thin. 
 Fodder was somewhat scarce, but there was always some to be obtained in our township. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Horses have had the distemper a good deal, and feed has been 
 pretty scarce. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : The cold, backward spring will be the means of using all the 
 fodder this spring, but there will be plenty. 
 
 L. N. CoUver, Townsend, Norfolk : Stock of all kinds have come through the winter in good shape. No 
 scarcity of fodder and plenty left now. 
 
 John A. Campbell, Windham, Norfolk : Live stock all in good condition, and there has been plenty of 
 fodder. 
 
 James McKnight, Windham, Norfolk : Lambs are doing almost better than could be expected with such 
 a late spring. There has been plenty of fodder. 
 
 John H. Best, Walpole, Haldimand : Very good generally. Horses have had a distemper, which in 
 many cases proved fatal. A number of lambs and young pigs have died, owing to the cold season. 
 
42 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : Live stock are in fair condition ; horses have had distemper and 
 some have died from its effects ; plenty of fodder but nothing to spare. 
 
 V. Hansberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand : Very good ; horses, cattle, sheep and pigs all in good 
 condition ; distemper among horses, from which a few have died. 
 
 Joseph Muraby, Moulton, Haldimand ; Live stock are all in good condition. Plenty of fodder ; hay $5 
 per ton. 
 
 Thomas Brown, North Cayuga, Haldimand : In very good condition generally ; a severe distemper has 
 affected horses, of which a number have died. There has been enough of fodder so far, but many farmers 
 will be short if the grass does not grow faster. 
 
 J. H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : Cattle, sheep and pigs are in fair condition ; horses are poor, 
 ' owing to distemper among them, of which some have died. A few young cattle have died of blackleg. 
 Fodder is pretty well used up. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand : All kinds of stock have wintered fairly. There has been sufficient 
 fodder in this locality. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Cattle are not in as good condition as usual, owing to the long and 
 severe winter. There has been a distemper among horses, and a number have died. Sufficient fodder during 
 the winter, but it is getting scarce now. 
 
 W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Haldimand : Jjive stock have been well wintered and look well. No disease of 
 any kind. There has been plenty of fodder and grain, which has not been so cheap for many years. 
 
 E. W. Farer, Humberstone, Welland : All live stock are in good condition ; plenty of fodder. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : The condition of Uve stock is only fair. Horses are in good condition 
 for the reason that they are better pared for than other stock. Cattle were all right up to a month ago, but 
 fodder has been getting scarce. 
 
 S. H. "Van Every, Pelham, Welland : Live stock are generally in good condition ; a great many young 
 pigs have died during the cold weather this spring. 
 
 Peter Metten, Pelham, Welland : Live stock of all kinds looking well ; a good supply of fodder. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : All in good condition. Plenty of fodder, and hay and oats have been 
 very low in price aU winter. 
 
 H. H. Beam, Willoughby, Welland : The condition of live stock compares favourably with past years ; 
 the care of the owner having more effect than the season. There will be a surplus of fodder in the township, 
 although some have had to buy. 
 
 F. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : A good many poor cattle and some very fine ones. I have noticed a 
 scab on cattle something like ring-worm, but it did not seem to affect them seriously. 
 
 John Grant, Sombra, Lambton : Cattle are in very poor condition in this neighbourhood ; quite a num- 
 ber have died of actual starvation. "Wasteful feeding in the early part of the season made fodder scarce in 
 the spnng. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Live stock are about in the usual condition ; no scarcity of fodder. 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Horses are in good condition, but cattle are thin in flesh. The 
 young pigs that were littered early have mostly perished from cold. 
 
 Isaac Unsworth, Euphemia, Lambton : Live stock are in rather poor condition, owing to scarcity of 
 fodder. i 
 
 R. 1 . Marshall, Moore, La,mbton : Live stock in general are poor. Fodder was very scarce towards 
 spnng. ' 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : Live stock in fair condition ; horses have been affected with distemper : 
 loader rather scarce. 
 
 tv, J^{"^s I'Ovell, Brooke, Lambton : Live stock that have had pioper attention are in good condition ; 
 those that have wintered at the straw stack are very poor. Fodder* was plentiful, but the long cold winter 
 and backward spring have made it scarce. 
 
 J. R. Smith, Plympton, Lambton : Cattle are in average condition ; horses have suffered from distemper 
 ana some have died ;, fodder very scarce. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : Horses are in good condition ; cattle rather thin owing to the 
 long winter ; fodder very scarce. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Cattle are healthy, but very poor owing to the long winter and 
 short supply of fodder. j> j f a & 
 
 p. S. Stuart, Hay, Huron : A large stock of all kinds on hand, and all healthy : enough of fodder, but 
 nothing to spare. j > o . 
 
 James Armstrong, Stanley, Huron ; Live stock are in good condition. Fodder was a little scarce and 
 hay rose in price from $8 to $14 per ton in the month of April. 
 
 ..:_'!;■ .■^■.,^''®^^,^®^^' Tuokersmfth, Huron: Live stock are in fair condition. Great loss of lambs occurred 
 
 rons. 
 I the 
 
 John Rudd, Goderioh, Huron : Horses in good condition except where there are a few oases of pinkeye; 
 cattle are healthy, but rather poor ; suffioient fodder, with economy in feeding. 
 
 . John Hislop, Grey, Huron : Cattle are generally thin in flesh ; a good many lambs have been lost this 
 spring; fodder scarce now. 
 
43 
 
 y' ~ 
 
 ,_,j„i^-„_,^-i— ^^orris. Htlron ; Horses are in good condition ; cattle rather poor. Chopped grain has 
 b^viSI^BH^aPcause offhe scarcity of fodder. 
 
 RoberTTI^ffre, East Wawanosh, Huron : The generil condition of live stock- is good ; fodder was very 
 scarce in the spring. 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Stock are healthy but low in flesh. A large quantity of 
 pressed hay was brought i a by rail which sold at $15 to $20 per ton. 
 
 ^ . Drummond, Howick, Huron : Live stock are generally thin, but in good health ; fodder was unusually 
 scarce. 
 
 Peter Gorrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : Stock of all kinds are in poor condition on account of the great 
 scarcity of feed. A large quantity of hay was imported and sold from $18 to $20 per ton. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : Live stock on the whole are very thin, but healthy in condition. Some 
 kind of trouble resembling distemper appeared among horses, and although not of a deadly nature it was 
 very troublesome, i educing its victim in condition and thereby retarding spring work. !Fodder of all kinds 
 was scarce and high in price. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce ; Cattle are in poorer condition than usual. Fodder has been fully as 
 scarce as we prophesied in the fall ; straw was the great want. 
 
 Donald Blue, Huron, Bruce : Stock wintered in fair condition, nowithstanding the long severe winter. 
 A number of lambs were lost, more through carelessness than from any disease among the sheep. 
 
 James Johnston, Carriok, Bruce : Horses are in good trim generally. Cattle are thin as a rule on 
 account of the scarcity of fodder. Sheep, where well kept and cared for, have done well and we had a 
 good lambing season, but a great many have lost a large per centage of their lambs on account of scantiness 
 of fodder. 
 
 J. P. McInlfreii'Kincardine, Bruce : Live stock, especially cattle, are in very poor condition, a large 
 number of faripers ha^ng lost cattle, but I believe it was owing to scarcity of feed. Cattle were in poor 
 CQndition when they jfere taken off the grass in the fall, so that they required better feed to keep them 
 through the winter, a^^ fodder supply was very scarce. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bmoe, Bruce : Live stock generally had a hard winter ; the continued severe weather 
 caused a scarcity of fOTd. Horses are generally in good condition, but cattle are very thin, as also are 
 sheep and^ pigs. Fodder was very scarce towards the end Of March and through April. 
 
 H. T. Potts, Sai^pn, Brufce : There was a great scarcity of fodder on account of the drought last year, 
 and the severity of t^ winter being unparalleled. I never saw stock look ,worse. 
 
 John Douglassj iltran, Bruce : Stock of all kinds are very poor ; fodder having been exceptionally 
 scarce, great quantities of hay were imported at high prices. 
 
 M. J. Norris, Ealtnor, Bruce : The condition of Uve stock in this vicinity is very poor in consequence 
 of a scarcity of foddfei i hay, having been very scarce, went up to an unreasonable figure in the spring time. 
 
 Henry Byers, Normanby, Grey : Live stock are in poor condition, owing to scarcity of feed. Fodder 
 has been remarkably scarce in this quarter, and if it had not been for supplies from other parts coming m 
 on the railways a grejit deal of stock would have died. 
 
 Joseph McArdli Proton, Grey : The stock turned out very well. Hay is plentiful here ; this township 
 had, to supply neighpiuring townships. 
 
 ^hi 
 
 Wiliife IrvShe, Bentinck, Grey : Live stock in general are leaner this spring than for many years back. 
 Fodder has not been so scares for years as this winter, a large quantity of pressed hay being bought lor 
 cattle. 
 
 Creorge Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Live stock generally are very poor, especially cattle. Fodder has been 
 very scarce this winter, and stock are affected accordingly. 
 
 A. EUintt, Artemesia, Grey : The general condition of all kinds of live stock is good. There was a 
 ' fodder to meet all demands ; of course there wfere individual oases of scarcity,, but there was a 
 the market. ' 
 
 ueron, Holland, Grey : As a general thing live stock are pretty thin. Fodder never was so 
 'countyy; if it was not for a good supply of old hay the cattle would have suffered. As it was, a 
 great many died. 
 
 James Latter, CoUingwood, Grey : The condition of stock is very bad, especially in the southern part of 
 this township, but a scarcity of fodder has been felt all over the township. Stock have suffered for feed and 
 quite a number, particularly horned cattle, have died. In fact during 27 years' residence m this township 
 1 have not known such a want of feed as there has been this year. 
 
 Alexander Garvin, Derby, Grey : Horses and cattle are generally in poor condition, as feed was scarce 
 and the spring late. 
 
 JosephM. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey: Stock are generally in fair condition, but many cattle have suffered 
 for want of fodder I believe it would be much more profitable if farmers kept one4hird less cattle in 
 numbers, and if they fed the less number what thev fed the larger they would have better returns than they 
 now have. i ' 
 
 J. K. Irving, Innisfi], Simcoe : Stock are generally good, but there has been some distemper among 
 horses, -with a few deaths. Fodder has not been so scarce for some years, but still there has been enough in 
 this part. ' 
 
 fihn McCallui4 Bentinck, Grey : Live stock are in fair condition. Throughout the winter a number of 
 died for want%f fodder, straw and hay being light last year. ' 
 
44 
 
 count^^h 
 
 Michael Coyle, Sunnidale, Simooe : Live stock look poorly on aqoount^yihe ext^ 
 scarcity of feed. * ,^^_^_^^_^ 
 
 Thomas Porter, Nottawasaga, Simooe : Horses appear all right ; cattle and sheepU^BHwoattle, 
 are thin and weak, even with people that had plenty of feed. The severe winter and late spring have left 
 many scarce of feed. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : The condition of stock is not very good. The severe winter, together 
 with a great scarcity of fodder towards spring, has caused considerable loss among sheep and lambs. 
 
 Joseph Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : Live stock look very poor and thin ; but horses are much better than 
 cattle. Fodder towards spring was very scarce, which made stock look worse than visual. n 
 
 Archibald Thomson, Orillia, Simcoe : Live stock are poor, cattle being the worst. Very many farmers 
 were scaVce of fodder, hay being $20 per ton all spring. 
 
 Benjamin Watterworth, Mosa, Middlesex : The condition of stock is generally verj; good. Cattle, 
 horses and sheep have come through the long cold winter well. Pigs are generally scarce with farmers. 
 
 Alex. Douglas, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Pretty good, considering the severity of the winter ; some horses 
 have died of a disease not known. Fodder has been pretty well fed up, and m some sections it is scarce. 
 
 John Hutton, Metcalfe, Middlesex : Horses look well, but cattle and sheep, as a rule, are not in good 
 condition ; hogs are scarce. Fodder is scarce and all is used up in this place. 
 
 J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex : I have heard of several head of young cattle dying, one neighbour 
 losing five head, another three, and another two. What the disease was I cannot tell, but I beheve they 
 were quite black in the legs. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Live stock are extra ; they are better hfrnwd' and better fed 
 than formerly. Horses also are more carefully bred than formerly. This section q(f the country has been 
 noted for active general purpose horses, but the Clydesdale and Percherons are here "in force : cattle raising 
 and feeding is one of our most prosperous industries, and shipments of fat stock ha-^e^en made last week. 
 Our winter has been too severe to suit sheep, still they have done well. The fodder SMBply was sufficient, but 
 very little to spare, and we are feeding yet. ,1^ 
 
 James M. Henderson, Adelaide, Middlesex : All live stock have wintered we4, but are rather thin 
 owing to the lateness of the spring, which used up all the fodder. t 
 
 L. P. Aylsworth, Dorchester, North, Middlesex : The live stock in this toviTishift^re in good order, as a 
 general thing ; there are a few exceptions in cattle. ^ 
 
 John Dawson, Williams West, Middlesex : Stock look very fair. Distemper 1^ been quite bad and 
 some few horses have died of it. 
 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex : Stock are thin but in good healthy conditio^ considering the long 
 winter. V 
 
 Andrew Robinson, McGillivray, Middlesex : Live stock of all kinds are in fair co©ition. 
 James Bradburn, Dereham, Oxford : The condition of live stock is good ; no disease.' 
 
 Alex. McFarlane, Norwich, South, Oxford : The stock have all wintered well an^are in a fair condi- 
 tion ; fodder was plentiful. ^ 
 
 S. C. Tuttle, Oxford, Bast, Oxford ; Stock are fair — quite as well as can be exMfod considering the 
 severe winter ; a number of farmers have lost their young pigs. ^f 
 
 Nicholas Smith, Oxford, West, Oxford : Live stock are generally in good conditio ; a good mai^ far- 
 mers were scarce of fodder. '" § 
 
 James Munro, Zorra West, Oxford : Live stock are in fair condition ; considerabfe^istemper among 
 horses ; fodder scarce. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : Stock may be said to be in average condition. Horses are well fed and 
 cared for, being of the Clydesdale breed generally. Cattle have so far fared well, but we fear the exceeding 
 lateness of spring will cause considerable scarcity of feed. The large crop of turnips of 1884 has been of 
 gi eat service. Mi** 
 
 Stephen Hall, Blenheim, Oxford : Stock are in fair condition ; distemper has prevailed annBg horses t% 
 some extent, but only fatal in a few cases. ' ,^M * 
 
 James Anderson, Zorra, East, Oxford : All kinds of stock are'healthy and in very fair coOTpion. Fod- 
 der of all kinds was never so nearly out, and a great deal of bran has been used. ' *' 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Stock are in fair condition. There has been a great deal of distem- 
 per among horses this winter and spring, and numbers have died from it. Fodder was plentiful during the 
 winter, but it is now scarce on account of the late spring ; farmers are feeding all stock yet. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : Live stock are in fair condition. 
 
 John Frame, Downie, Perth : Live stock of all kinds, is generally in fair condition except where fodder 
 was scarce. 
 
 James Crerar, Easthope N., Perth : Live stock in good average condition ; no disease so far as I know, 
 and no scarcity of fodder. 
 
 A. McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Live stock is generally low in condition, fodder being to some extent 
 scarce. 
 
 W. J. McLagan, Logan, Perth : The condition of live stock is poor, due to scarcity of fodder. 
 
 D. Maof arlane, Puslinoh, Wellington : Live stock in' fair condition ; there were a few cases of distemper. 
 
Chas. Nicklin, 
 to care bestowed on the: 
 
 45 
 
 The condition of live stock varies from poor to good, according 
 
 saw live stock so thin; owing to the long winter, fodder has 
 
 Live stock are in pretty good condition ; quite a number of lambs 
 idder. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, 
 been scarce this spring. 
 
 John McCormick, 
 have been lost ; there 
 
 James Slimmon, 
 sheep not doing well i 
 
 Jas. Kennedy, Gj 
 horses, but with no s 
 
 J. McDonald, I 
 disease in the natuq 
 very scarce and de 
 
 John McNabji! 
 their foals, and in,« 
 
 E. Rennels(^, Dum.ifflPlf, Waterloo : .The condition of li\e stock generally good, notwithstanding 
 considerable dis^a^ among lamws, and rather heavy loss of ewes in lambing. 
 
 Benj. Dew 
 our farmers ania 
 
 llingtou : A bad cough prevailing with horses; cattle a little thin ■ 
 ing, but I do not know from what cause. ' 
 
 [gton : Live stock are middling poor ; epizootic is prevalent among 
 
 W-, Wellington : Stock are generally thin. Horses have been troubled with a 
 !> a^lJ^^anied by a severe cough ; it has proved fatal in some cases. Hay was 
 
 ^Wellington : Cattle are in poor condition. Numbers of mares are losing 
 '(have died themselves. Fodder is very scarce. 
 
 iferloo : Stock are generally in good condition, but prices are not as high as 
 
 last, Dufferin : The condition of live stCek is a fair average. Many lambs 
 er during March and April. I never saw fodder so scarce before, 
 fferin : Cattle are very poor, but horses are fair. Some sheep died from grub in 
 
 in, .Dufferin : The condition of live stock is not up to the average ; scarcity of 
 
 Dufferin : Live,stock are generally in good condition ; about one-third of the 
 
 ■insborough, Lincoln : All kinds of stock have wintered well and are in good healthy 
 
 istemper appeared about 1st March, but did no damage.' There was plenty of fodder 
 
 surplus. ' 
 
 lor, Lincoln : I think live stock are better than usual— horses, cattle, sheep and pigs. 
 >"rmers had to buy hay, but there was abundance in the township at $5 and $6 per 
 
 Grimsbyj Lincoln : The condition of stock may be considered fair ; some horse 
 
 . No disease among pigs to my knowledge, that is, among grown hqgs, but a great 
 
 -eir pigs in early spring. Some think it is a disease, but 1 am rf the opinion that it 
 
 ig sows too closely and having them too fat. There has been generally a sufficiency of 
 
 ,gara, Lincoln : Stock are generally in good condition, but a great many young pigs 
 cold. Fodder was abundant last fall, but is pretty scarce now. In my experience 
 never seen a winter in which stock actually ate up clean so much fodder. 
 
 lanford, Wentworth : Stock are in ordinary condition, but considerable distemper 
 . les in this neighbourhood during the winter, some having a severe attack. There has 
 fatality among young pigs, a great many being dead at birth ; cannot account for it. The 
 len sufi5cient, indeed abundant. 
 
 ^.. is, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Stock appear healthy, but the flesh condition is all owing to the 
 fe farmers are experimenting to see iow little they can get animals through on, and their 
 -s it. Hay had to be bought by some farmers, but there was plenty to be had. 
 
 , East Flamboro', Wentworth : 
 .bundance of fodder and roots. 
 
 ■s, Trafalgar, Halton : Stock of all kinds are in good health. Fat cattle are said to be plentiful 
 'here was an unusual abundance of fodder to begin the winter with and hay could scarcely be 
 Ing to the long, steady winter, feed has become very scarce and consequently high priced. 
 
 w, Esquesing, Halton : The condition of live stock in general is good ; very few were scarce of 
 
 Campbell, Chinquacousy, Peel : Stock has been well wintered aSid looks well ; no disease of any 
 ■* in hogs, and young pigs have done very badly. Hay has been plentiful, never having got over 
 
 rour markets. 
 
 -d MoKinnon, Caledon, Peel : Cattle are in good condition ; sheep are doing very well ; pigs 
 
 in so successful, two-thirds of the sows having lost their pigs in March. 
 
 lolomew, Whitchurch, York : This has been a h:ird winter on stock by the long continued cold 
 I have not heard of any disease. In general feed has been plentiful. 
 
 D. Davidson, North Gwillirabury, York: On some farms the stock of all kinds have come 
 ood condition, while on others the horses are perphaps taken a little better care of to prepare 
 spring work, whilst other stock are vary poor ; however, I think farmers generally are wintering 
 etter than they used to, finding it better to make something out of stock than to depend 
 ipon grain. 
 
 Live stock in general are in fine condition ; no disease ; 
 
46 
 
 John Willis, West Whitby, Onttirio : Stock are nearly all in j 
 kind except straw, -which is scarce owing to the long winter. 
 
 
 I CJJ^JB jn^ȣ^nty of fodder of every 
 
 L. Weller, Scott, Ontario : Stock are in a healthy condition, ,bl)!^ tjiip 
 stabled yet, 15th May, There has been a sufficiency of fodder, sori^ ptab^s 
 
 Cattle are generally 
 |arce this spring. 
 
 has prevailed among 
 
 s cattle ; considerable 
 pld hay, but owing to 
 
 Edward Sanigan, Mara, Ontario : Live stock are thin in oon^m^il-.l^H^ 
 -swelling in the throat. Fodder is very scarce. '^M^^'r i *^"^^ 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : The condition of live stock is ratlin IqjK. eapaBig.1 
 losses in young pigs. There was a plentiful supply of fodder and la,T^w^fft^^^,oi 
 the length and severity of the winter it is becoming scarce. 
 
 E. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : Horses are generally in gooe^condition,Tm^ great many cattle 
 and sheep are poor and thin. I have not heard of any disease except sol^^^^ of the oldMashioned distemper 
 
 economically all 
 
 among horses^ Fodder has been scarce, especially straw ; farmers hav^Dei)!.' feeding 
 winter. Hay is worth about $15 a ton. , -— —.j^--— i ^ 
 
 Edward Roblin, Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Stock are fair. Disc 
 were indications of great stiffness, the animals not being able to walk, wii 
 to suffer great pain, especially when moved. Fodder is scarce now, hay tf^glflfriMn' 
 lars per ton. 
 
 John A. Sprague, Sophiaaburg, Prince Edward: The condition of ilive fstotsiB is| 
 cattle. There has been a great scarcity of fodder— so much so that the coun^jS hfia Jij^p 
 
 Wm. H. Montray, Amherst Island, Lennox and Addington : Horses are.in gpp4j«onij(ltion. Cattle are 
 thin, owing to a scarcity of fodder. ■■ • . ' - tmim. 
 
 There 
 
 , and appearing 
 
 en to eighteen dol- 
 
 particularly 
 letely cleared 
 
 ^,nt,scarq|fey J of f odder 
 jpfa^.lia spring. 
 
 ^e^|^,^d^n ail- 
 
 lost' 
 
 iftlf is 
 
 US6I 
 
 eiy 
 t their 
 
 (king 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox : Stock generally wintered well, but o- 
 towards spring, they have fallen _ofE to some extent. Hay went up from ^7 in wi 
 
 B. C. Lloyd, Camden East, Lennox and Addington : Live stock in fair com 
 ment of the head which in some cases proved fatal. 
 
 Thomas Lane, Denbigh, Etc., Etc., Lennox and Addington : The condition 
 good. Cattle suffered from a spinal affection towards the end of winter, and parti 
 limbs ; cause, excessive cold. Fodder is scarce, hay selling at $20 to $25 per ton. 
 
 D. I. Walker, Storrington, Frontenao ; Horned cattle are in poor condition,rbuJj..l>OTsJ^, are ll 
 well. There is a scarcity of hay. 
 
 B. Tett, Bedford, Frontenac : Live stock of all kinds are low in flesh. There was a,jgoo^^Bg|lly of 
 fodder through the winter, but the spring was so unusually late that it became very scarce'. ',; , ..'v'* 
 
 John Elkington, PalmerSton, Frontenac : Cattle of all kinds are vei-y poor. Hay'^W acsarce at^ per 
 ton and straw was short also. Many settlers were chopping down maple trees to browsfj-JhriLr st^ckaa^arly 
 as March 1st. I must here express an opinion that no food appears to bring cattle t^u^j^ii Tsp^stion^ and 
 hearty as maple browse. It is a positive pleasure to listen to the satisfied champ-chaiMrofor (Wwsing, d|ager 
 cattle. I am feeding hay this 5th May as freely as in winter. Some cows and youn^re^ttle flied thf ' 
 April. ^" . ■ ^ ^jK^ 
 
 Wm. A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : With good stock men, live stock is all HgM 
 too many ill bred, and worse fed, cattle, which is the fault of the men and not of tlii 
 Plenty of fodder in this township. 
 
 for 
 
 T. R. Mfclviue, Augusta and Edwardsburgh, Grenville : Live stock is in good col 
 fodder in this township. 
 
 Richard Gildery, South Elmsley, Leeds 
 but nothing to spare. 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : Live 'stock are in good condition, but there h^e' bfi'en a few 
 cases of horse distemper. A large number of lambs this spring. ■ 
 
 G. D. Dixon, Matilda, Hundas : Live stock are in good condition ; horses extra good.f Et'ouirh pf 
 fodder, but none to spare. /!_•,, ; ;: 
 
 A. G. Macdonell, Williamsburg, Dundas : All live stock are in good condition ; ho diseasa" 
 ful supply of fodder. 
 
 James P. Fox, Winchester, Dundas : The condition of live stock is generally good A gi 
 young pigs died when from one to four weeks old. There have been a few cases of blacklei 
 cattle. Plenty of fodder in this township. 
 
 John MoRae, Roxborough, Stormont : Live stock are in fair condition, 
 during the winter. Fodder scarce and dear. 
 
 A. M. Campbell, Kenyon, Glengarry : The condition of live stock is good ; some distei^ 
 horses, of the usual form. Fodder rather scarce, which has caused a large amount of grain to bo' 
 
 Kenneth McLennan, Lochiel, 'Glengarry : Live stock is in very good condition. Distemper'vei 
 lent among horses, and some have died. Enough of fodder in this locality. 
 
 John Shields, West Hawkesbury, Prescott : Stock are in good condition, considering thei 
 winter. No scarcity of fodder. ■ ui 
 
 James Wylie, East Hawkesbury, Prescott ; A great number of cattle are dying for want of ioot,Zi 
 distemper IS very bad and some animals are dying. twt-i 
 
 stocs. ■ I<p 
 
 Alex. Thomson, Yonge, Leeds : The condition of live stock is very good; although thesmre'VaisK stj 
 hay, as it is getting very scarce now. * ' ' 
 
 EtiMH;!' plenty fef 
 The general condition of live stock is good. Si^^ieoj? fodder. 
 
 :^M.' pl^itf-.' 
 
 A great many ■ sheep, 'fied'; 
 
47 
 
 John McLennan, Clarence, Russell '• Cattle are generally thin ; horses are in good condition ; most of 
 the young pigs are dying. Fodder was plentiful till late in the spring, but it is scarce noV. 
 
 , James Rutherford, Osgoode, Carleton : The condition of live stock is generally good. This is a remark- 
 able season for twin lambs. There has been a great scarcity of fodder with those who had some loft over 
 from the previous year. ' 
 
 Thos. G. Somerville, Fitzroy, Carleton : Live stock are in fine"oondition, horned cattle on the thin side ; 
 no disease, but a number of cattle died for want of proper shelter. Fodder scarce in the spring. 
 
 James Collins, Brougham, Renfrew : Live stock, except horses, are in poor condition. Fodder was very 
 scarce. 
 
 Peter Dalglish, Admaaton, Renfrew : Live stock are poor. Fodder very scarce, and hay went up to $20 
 per ton. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : Stock of all kinds are healthy ; but are generally low in flesh, 
 owing to the long severe winter. Fodder rather scarce with a great many farmers. 
 
 Patrick Corby, South Sherbrooke, Lanark : Live stock look veiy well. There was enough of fodder, 
 but none to spare. 
 
 Wm. Brownlee, Dalhousie, Lanark : Cattle are thin ; horses in good condition ; young pigs scarce, and 
 a great many dying. Fodder very scarce. 
 
 Peter D. Campbell, Drummond, Lanark ; Cattle are generally poor owing to the long and severe winter, 
 and in some parts large numbers have died for want of fodder. 
 
 Peter Clark, Montague, Lanark : Live stock in general Idok well ; fodder is getting scarce. 
 
 Geo. Green, Ramsay, Lanark : The condition of live stock is only fair. There has been an unusual 
 number of lambs this spring, but many have perished from cold. Fodder is fairly plentiful. 
 
 Jno. M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : Cattle are generally poor ; horses ar6 in fair condition ; a great 
 many young pigs are dying. Fodder is very scarce. 
 
 William Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria : Horses have come through all right, but cattle and sheep are 
 generally very thin, owing to the scarcity of feed this spring. A great many farmers wasted much of their 
 straw in the fall and winter, so that there was a scarcity for spring. Pigs are in very good condition. 
 
 A. Hawldns, Eldon, Victoria : Horses look about in an average condition ; cattle generally look poor 
 and lean ; I never remember seeing them look so bad, sq^/rcity of fodder being the cause. Some of them 
 running on the "highways are really objects of pity. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Live stock generally are thin in fiesh owing to scarcity of fodder. A 
 number of cattle and sheep have starved to death lately. 
 
 r"3F. Train, Somerville, Victoria : Very good as a rule, but some of course are poor, as is always the case. 
 Fodder has been very scarce owing to the farmers who had plenty holding for a higher price, and some not 
 being able to buy at the price asked, their stock suffered considerably. 
 
 William Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterborough : Live stock of all kinds are looking well. We had an 
 abundance of hay in this township last season, and our cattle have come through in fine condition. There 
 will be a surplus of hay for another season. 
 
 William E. Roxburgh, Belmont and Asphodel, Peterborough : Very many farmers have been short of 
 feed. On account of the shortness of straw last year and the extreme lateness of this spring, cattle, especi- 
 ally among the poor farmers in Belmont, are in a very bad condition. The high price of hay and straw in 
 spring caused them to be very scantily fed. 
 
 William Anderson, Belmont, Peterborough : Cattle are very thin and weak on account of scarcity of 
 fodder ; hay sold for $20 per ton. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Pysart, Haliburton ; Many of the settlers have not had sufficient food for their live 
 stock. I have heard of several cases where cattle have died through insufficient food. A considerable 
 number of the whole have been kept alive by browsing in the woods. Hay at times sold at $20 a ton and now 
 sells at $15. There is hardly any pasture at this date. 
 
 George W. Deller, Cardiff, Haliburton : Horses have not suffered as much as other stock ; cattle have 
 literally starved, a large number having died of sheer want of food, and of those living a large majority are 
 in a frightful condition which nothing can, at least this summer, rectify. There has been such a scarcity of 
 fodder that whole herds have been kept alive on the tops of trees chopped down for the purpose. 
 
 John Delamere, Minden, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : Live stock in this section are particularly 
 thin and weak, owing to the severity and length of winter and consequent scarcity of fodder. The cold, 
 raw weather up to date, and the numerous snow storms, which have prevailed even up to the 5th inst., are 
 very trying to stock, and if there is not a change soon many cattle will yet succumb. Straw is cleared out, 
 and hay has been selling at $20 per ton and upwards, and very little to be had. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : A great scarcity of fodder in this particular locality, but, as it 
 was not dear, enough was purchased in neighbouring townships to bring all stock out in average condition. 
 
 James McGregor, WoUaston, Hastings : Live stock are in a very poor condition. The winter until 
 January being unusually open many fed liberally, indeed, wasted it, and hay was sold to lumbermen at $15 
 per ton, but towards spring the same parties bought at $20 and many sold cattle to save buying fodder. 
 Some ca.ttle died of starvation. 
 
 James Young, Morrison, Muskoka : Stock are in poor condition, owing to the scarcity of fodder. A 
 great many horses' have died from a kincl of distemper. A good many cattle have also died, but chiefly 
 from want of feed and from exposure to the weather. 
 
 Donald Grant, Monck, Muskoka : Cattle generally are in poor condition, as feed was very scarce this 
 winter. A number of cattle died of want. 
 
48 
 
 James D. Smith, McLean and Ridout, Muskoka : Cattle are in a very poor condition ; some have died. 
 There has been a great mortality among calves, caused in some instances by bloat and in others through the 
 intense cold and bad condition of the majority of stables. There has also been great mortality among sheep, 
 many dying of grub in the head. Fodder has been very scarce ; it reached the enormous price of $30 a ton. 
 
 John Hollingworth, Watt, Muskoka : All animals are in poor condition. In this locality three mares 
 have had to be destroyed this spring, owing to trouble in dropping the foal ; I have only known of one such 
 instance before this during the la4 sixteen years. In one of these cases it is probable that hard work and 
 nut any too good feeding had much to do with the trouble, but in the other two cases they had been well 
 attended to. 
 
 F. W. Ashdown, Humphrey, Parry Sound : Cattle suffered much for want of feed, and many died in 
 consequence ; the balance are very weak and poor. Fodder could not be bought at any price. One farmer 
 lost twenty head, and many sold at half value rather than see the animals starve to death, 
 
 S. J. Peake, Foley, Parry Sound : Live stock have suflEered very much during the past winter, and 
 more especially towards spring, feed having run out. 
 
 John Young, Armour, Parry Sound : Live stock generally are very poor, especially cattle. Owing to 
 the construction of the N. and P. Junction ilailway, hay is very scarce, being worth $30 per ton, and very 
 little to get. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma: Live stock, particularly new calved cows, came out pretty thin, 
 owing to the severe winter and late spring. Hay got pretty scarce towards spring ; all old hay sold and 
 used up. 
 
 FARM SUPPLIES. 
 
 ' Ths following remarks of correspondents refer to the supplies in farmers' hands, 
 including wheat, hay and oats ; also to the numbers of tat and store cattle.: 
 
 Geo. Leak, Rochester, Essex : There is very little wheat in farmers' hands ; some few have wheat to 
 sell, but no great quantity. There is considerable oats left, but very little hay. There are large numbers of 
 store cattle in the township, but no fat cattle. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : There is considerable wheat in farmers' hands, held for a rise in price. 
 Hay is very scarce and readily sells at from $15 to $18 per ton. There is plenty of oats, but fat cattle are 
 very scarce. ' 
 
 R. C. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex : Most of the wheat is still on hand, waiting for a rise in price ; 
 plenty of hay for home consumption. 
 
 S. McGee, Maiden, Essex : i A considerable quantity of wheat in farmers' hand, but it is now coming 
 to market. ' 
 
 N. A. Caste, Maiden, Essex : Farmers have generally some wheat left more than they require. Hay 
 is pretty well gone. Oats are still plentiful and some to spare. Not many fat cattle on hand. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : Considerable wheat in many places. A large quantity of hay and 
 oats have been sold, and some on hand yet. More fat and store cattle than home consumption demands. 
 
 .John Buckland, Gosfield, Essex : Some good fat cattle, but not many. Very few' cattle are stall-fed in 
 this county by farmers, but more last winter than usual. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Since the price advanced most of the wheat has been sold. Hay rather 
 scarce, but oats plentiful. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : A considerable quantity of hay and oats on hand. Very few fat cattle, 
 the most of them having been sold this spring. There is a considerable number of store cattle. 
 
 George Russell, Mersea, Essex: There was abundance of hay during the winter, bnt lately' it has been 
 pressed and shipped away. No scarcity of fat cattle yet, but not many fatting. 
 
 W. C. Fletcher, Tilbury East, Kent : Store cattle are scarce ; fat ones more plentiful than usual. 
 
 E. B. Harrison, Howard, Kent: Store cattle were bought up during the winter for the Western States. 
 
 C. Darling Howard, Kent : No more hay and oats than will be required for" summer use. 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Orford, Kent : There is a good supply of wheat in farmers' hands at present, but a 
 good number axe selling. There is a good number of fat cattle, but store steers are pretty well picked up 
 and shipped to Illinois. 
 
 Thomas Bateman, Chathan^, Kent : No wheat left of any consequence. Not much hay, but plenty of 
 oats. 
 
 L. B. Vogler, Zone, Kent : Fat stock are all sold, but we have a considerable number of store cattle, 
 
 D. McKillop, Aldborough, Elgin : Not many fat cattle, but there is a number of store cattle. Stock 
 do not appear to be much in demand ; in fact there is no inquiry for them. The long, cold spring, like 
 Pharoah's lean kine, has almost consumed everything, 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : The quantity of wheat in farmers' hands above what they need for 
 their own use is very small. I think there will be plenty hav for local consumption, but not much to ship. 
 Oats are abundant, and there is a great quantity in farmers' hands above their own needs. 
 
49 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Most farmers have some wheat ; not a great deal of hay, but 
 plenty of oats ; a good number of store cattle for July shipment. 
 
 T. M. Navin, Malahide, Elgin : Almost one-fourth of the wheat crop is sold, but there is a slight 
 scarcity of hay and oats ; plenty of store oattl6, but not many fat .ones. 
 
 W. Y. Emery, Bayham, Elgin : Some wheat held, but not in large quantities ; hay and oats pretty 
 well gone. Not many, fat cattle in this vicinity, 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Moat of the wheat is sold here, except for home consumption ;. 
 no hay or oats ; fat cattle scarce, but there a is considerable number of store cattle, 
 
 Robert Watson, Windham, Norfolk : There are not many fat cattle now, but a large number of store 
 cattle, 
 
 John H. Best, Walpole, Haldimand : Considerable wheat in the hands of farmers ; very little hay or 
 oats. 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : A good deal of wheat on hand ; no hay or oats ; not many fat 
 cattle, but store cattle are plentiful. 
 
 v. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand ; Wheat is extensively held by farmers, and some bay and 
 oats ; very few cattle. 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Very little wheat 'held by farmers ; considerable hay and 
 oats ; no cattle for sale. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : A great deal of wheat on hand ; some farmers hold their 
 whole crop. There is aloo a large quantity of hay and some oats, but very few cattle. 
 
 Wm. Gowhng, North Cayuga, Haldimand : A considerable quantity of wheat is held. A large quantity 
 of ha,y has been pressed and shipped from this section ; very few fat cattle, but store cattle are more 
 plentiful. , ^ 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand : No more wheat held than is required for home consumption ; a 
 fair number of store cattle, but very few fat ones 
 
 John Mesener, Wainfleet, Welland : Some wheat, hay and oats in farmers' hands ; a great many fat 
 cattle. .f .• 
 
 J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland ; There is very little wheat held by farmers in this county, but a 
 large quantity of hay for this season of the year. There are a good many cattle fed for the old country 
 market, and a great many store cattle. are held. 
 
 E. W. Farer, Hnmberstone, Welland : Very little wheat ; some hay and oats ; not many fat cattle, but 
 a large number of store cattle. 
 
 J. J. Sherk, Bertie, Welland": Considerable wheat is held over what will be required for home con- 
 sumption ; some hay and oats, and a good many fat and store cattle. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Wejland : About half the crop of wheat is still held ; no hay ; some oats, and no 
 surplus cattle. 
 
 Peter Metier, Pelham, Welland : Not much wheat held, but a good deal of oats. Quite a number of fat 
 cattle have been sold within ten days at 85 per 100 lbs, 
 
 John Wilson, Thorold, Welland : There is not m\ich wheat in farmers' hands ; a good deal of hay, a 
 large quantity of which has been pressed and shipped, ' 
 
 H. H. Beam, Willoughby, Welland : A few farmers hold wheat for higher prices ; not much hay, but 
 oats plentiful ; a few fat and store cattle. 
 
 John Grant, Sombra, Lambton : Very little wheat or oats held, and no hay. Store cattle were mostly 
 disposed of last fall, and very little fattening is done. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Very little wheat on hand ; some store cattle, but not many fat 
 ones. As a rule, farmers sell their cattle to drOvers for feeding. 
 
 Wm. Mowbray, Moore, Lambton : Considerable wheat in the hands of farmers ; not many fat eattle, 
 but store cattle are plentiful. 
 
 Robt. Montgomery, Enniskillen, Lambton : There is no more wheat held than will be required for home 
 consumption ; considerable hay and oats, and quite a number of fat cattle. ' 
 
 Archd. Molntyre, Brooke, Lambton : Considerable wheat and some oats ou hand, but very little hay. 
 
 Wm. Young, Plympton, Lambton : A small quantity of wheat ; a good many oats, but no hay; cattle 
 are more plentiful than usual. 
 
 J. Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : No wheat, hay or oats held over, but there is quite a surplus of both 
 fat and store cattle in this township. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : There is a surplus of wheat in the hands of farmers ; very Uttle hay 
 left, but a good supply of Oats. A good many fat and store cattle are held. 
 
 George Hess, Hay, Huron : A good deal of wheat is being held for higher prices, but no more hay and 
 oats than is required for consumption. 
 
 N. Robson, HuUett, Huron : There is considerable wheat in the hands of the farmers ; no hay, but a 
 large quantity of oats. There is a large number of store cattle, but the fat cattle are nearly all sold. 
 
 Hugh Robb, Tuckersmith, Huron : There is a good deal of wheat held by the farmers ; not much hay, 
 but a great deal of oats ; quite a few fat and store cattle. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : A good many farmers have all their last year's wheat on hand ; no 
 hay, but plenty of oats. Fat cattle are mostly sold ; a fair supply of store cattle. 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 Samuel Piatt, Colborne, Huron : There is not a large quantity of wheat in the hands of farmers ; a good 
 surplus of cattle. 
 
 .John Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron ; Not much more of wheat, hay and oats than will be required 
 for Hditle consumption. Cattle are scarce and prices high. 
 
 BdWitt Gaunt, Wawanosh, Huron : There is a large quantity of wheat in the hands of farmers yet. No 
 bay Or daiS; Fat cattle are scarce, but there is a fair supply of store cattle. 
 
 S. dooperj Howiok, Huron : There is not much wheat held, and no hay or oats. Cattle have been 
 >iiearly all bought up. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : I think very little wheat is held by farnr.ers, but a large quantity is 
 'held by shippers ; no hay or oats, and very few store or fat cattle. 
 
 ystei: Clark, Culrosa, Bruce : Little or no wheat in farmers' hands except what is required for home 
 fiohsiimption ; the same with hay and oats. Very few fat cattle in this section, but a considerable number of 
 store cattle in farmers' hands. 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce : There are some fat cattle, but not as many as other years, while store 
 cattle are fully up to the average in number. 
 
 James Johnston, Carrick, Bruce : A large quantitjr of hay had to be shipped in here by oars. Many ' 
 sold off their fat and store cattle in the fall or early spring, making the number on hand less than usual. 
 
 J. P. Molntyre, Kincardine, Bruce : There is little or no wheat in farmers' hands above reserves for 
 home consumption. Hay being very scarce, a large quantity of oats, peas and barley had to be fed on 
 account of the scarcity of fodder. 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : Among the better class of farmers, say about ten per cent, of the 
 township, a considerable quantity of wheat is either in their own barns or stored in the warehouses, but hay 
 and oats are mostly sold or used for feed. Not many fat, but a considerable number of store cattle are^held, 
 being kept over from last fall on account of the low prices. ' > 
 
 John Douglas, Arran, Bruce : Considerable wheat, but no hay in the county ; very little oats, and very 
 few fat or store cattle. ^ 
 
 William Woodman, Amabel, Bruce : I may say there is no hay ; very few fat, but too many store 
 cattle ; farmers are much too heavily stocked. 
 
 William Campbell, Egremont, Grey : No wheat on hand and very little hay or oats. There are very 
 few fat cattle. 
 
 John Beeth, Normanby, Grey : Not much wheat on hand ; oats plenty for use, and hay very scarce ; 
 plenty of store cattle, and few fat cattle. 
 
 Samuel Dickson, Bentinck, Grey : Not much wheat held in this neighbourhood ; hay and oats are very 
 scarce ; few fat cattle and not many store cattle. 
 
 William Milne, Osprey, Grey : No grain or hay in farmers' hands more than will be required for seed 
 and consumption at home. Very few fat cattle now, but they were not scarce during the winter. 
 
 Kobert Lawrence, West Gwillimbury, Simooe : There is a considerable quantity of wheat unsold and 
 quite a quantity of hay. Only a limited number of store cattle, buyers having cleaned them out somewhat. 
 
 Charles Cross, Innisfil, Simcoe : About half the wheat grown last season is on hand ; a fair quantity of 
 oats and very little hay. There are quite a number of both fat and store cattle. 
 
 James Farney, Flos, Simcoe : Some farmers haye considerable wheat on hand, but hay and oats are all 
 sold. There are a number of store, but no fat cattle. 
 
 Benjamin Watterworth, Mosa, Middlesex : The last crop of wheat was mostly marketed, except in some 
 isolated cases. Hay is not very plentiful, but there is no scarcity of oats. Considerable numbers of store 
 cattle are held, intended for shipment through the summer. 
 
 Alex. Douglas, Ekfrid, Middlesex : I think a good many farmers have most of last year's crop on hand 
 Hay is nearly all gone, but quite a few oats are held over. A good many store cattle are on hand. 
 
 D. Leitoh, Caradoe, Middlesex : Abont 10 or 15 per cent, yet 9f wheat to sell. No fat Cattle, but plenty 
 of store cattle. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex: I think there is not any considerable quantity of wheat in 
 first hands, for times were hard and this was the second year of it ; so it was sold close. Large numbers of 
 both fat and store steers, and markets are improving. 
 
 C. Greeuaway, Adelaide, Middlesex : A large quantity of wheat in farmers' hands, and some oats but 
 no hay. 
 
 Joshua Irvine, Lobo, Middlesex : ^here is about one-eighth of the wheat crop in the farmers' hands ; 
 very little hay, but a good supply of oats. 
 
 Wm. Watcher, Dorchester, North, Middlesex : There rtiay be lots, from five to seven hundred bushels 
 in a few farmers hands, holding for the rise, but as a general thing, small lots are pretty well cleaned 
 out. 
 
 Chas. J. Fox, Delaware, Middlesex : A small quantity of wheat, and enough of hay and oats for home 
 use. 
 
 / 
 
 J. Dawson, Williams, West, Middlesex : about twenty-five per cent, of wheat in farmers' hands • a small 
 quantity of hay and '3, large amount of oats ; quite a number of store cattle. 
 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex : Farmers are holding wheat in hopes of a rise in price A good 
 number of store cattle on hand, but prices offered are too low, and farmers are hanging on for something 
 better. 
 
51 
 
 Wm. Wright, MoG-illivray, Middlesex: Some farmers have considerable wheat, but I believe the 
 majority have no more than is required foi home use. Quite a number of store cattle on hand. 
 
 Wm. W. Douglas, Biddulph, Middlesex ; Not much wheat held in stock by farmers— less than for a 
 number of years, but a large quantity of oats. 
 
 E. Jarvis, Oxford, North, Oxford : No grains on hand over amount required for home use ; a good num- 
 ber of store cattle on hand. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandf ord, Oxford ; There is a considerable quantity of wheat in farmers' hands, but not / 
 as much as is usually held. There are a few fat cattle held yet, but the heavy end of them has gone. Store 
 cattle are rather scarce this spring. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : I think there is probably about one half of last year's crop of wheat. 
 There are quite a number of fat cattle, but not as many as in former years. 
 
 Jocn Wright, Oakland, Brant : A considerable quantity of oats on hand ; fat cattle are mostly disposed 
 of, but there is a plenty of store cattle. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantfbrd, Brant : Quite a large amount of wheat is still held by farmers— more than is 
 usual, on account of low prices. Most of the heavy cattle fit for export are sold to go away this month ; a 
 good stock of light cattle on hand. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : Fully half of last year's wheat crop is on hand. Most all of the 
 cattle fed in this section are sold, and will be shipped next week. 
 
 J. Frame, Downie, Perth : I think there will be a little more wheat than will be wanted for home con- 
 sumption ; hay and oats are scarce. Fat cattle have mostly all been disposed of lately ; store cattle are 
 plentiful. 
 
 Jas. Ci-erar, Easthope, Perth : There is considerably more wheat in farmers' hands than is required for ' 
 home consumption ; there is not much hay or oats. 
 
 Geo. Leversage, Fullarton, Perth : There is considerable wheat on hand for market ; hay is scarce, but 
 oats are middling plentiful. Fat cattle are plentiful, but not many store cattle. 
 
 Duncan McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Not any quantity of supplies in general, though some have consider- 
 able wheat. 
 
 F. R. Hamilton, Hibbert, Perth : There is considerable wheat in the graneries yet, although quite a 
 quantity is being marketed now; hay and oats are. scarce. Fat cattle are mostly sold, but not delivered 
 yet. • 
 
 W. B. Freeborn, Mornington, Perth : There are no considerable quantities of wheat, oats or hay in the 
 hands of farmers : fat cattle all sold, but there are as many store cattle as in any former year. 
 
 J. Kennedy, Garafraxa W., Wellington : Very little wheat in the hands of farmers in this section ; hay 
 and oats scarce. Quite a, large number of fat and store cattle are in hands of farmers. 
 
 James Slimmon, Maryboro', Wellington : Not much wheat on hand ; neither oats nor hay, and not 
 many fat cattle. 
 
 J. W. Burt, Erin, Wellington : I think farmers have no great quantity of wheat or oats on hand, and 
 no hay other than what is required for present use. 
 
 John McMillan, Erin, Wellington : At least fifty per cent of last year's crop of wheat is in the hands of 
 farmers. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : I do not think there is any considerable number of store cattle, nor 
 are there many fat cattle at present. The quantity of wheat on hand is not large. 
 
 John Black, Eramosa, Wellington : A few have some wheat, but no great quantity. Hay and oats are 
 scarce, and cattle are nearly all disposed of. 
 
 J. H. Broodfoot, Nichol, Wellington : Not a great deal of wheat in farmei's' hands, and not more hay or 
 oats than will be used. About two-thirds of the cattle have been shipped away. 
 
 Chas Nicklin, Pilkington, Wellington : Not much wheat in farmers' hands. Hay is scarce ; there is a 
 fair supply of oats, but it will be all required for home consumption ; fat and store cattle are nearly all sold. 
 
 Thomas McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Not a large quantity of grain in the hands of farmers, though 
 some have their last year's yet on hand. There is a considerable quantity of oats, but not very much hay. - 
 
 Wm. Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : Yes, there is a considerable quantity of wheat on hand. There 
 is very little hay on hand ; many farmers had to buy ; the stock of oats is not large either. The stock of 
 cattle was large but nearly aU were sold and will be shipped to the old country market m a few days. 
 
 R. Mackenzie, Guelph, Wellington : There is a considerable quantity of wheat in the hands of farmers ; 
 ' hay and oats nearly all soli out. There have been considerable numbers of fat arid' btOre cattle, but nearly 
 all will be shipped by the 15th. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Possibly one-fourth the produce of last year's wheat crop is stUl in 
 the hands of farmers. Hay, is unusually scarce, and oats are beginning to slack, hence fat cattle have been 
 got rid of as rapidly as possible. 
 
 Duncan Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington : There is considerable wheat in some farmers' hands yet to 
 sell, and the quantities of hay and oats on hand are sufficient for home consumption ; there are considerable 
 numbers of fat and store cattle yet -some to be delivered in June. 
 
52 
 
 James Connell, Minto, Wellington : Not a large xjuantity of wheat to spare ; hay and oats scarce ; fat 
 cattle mostly all sold. 
 
 John McNab, Luther West, Wellington : No wheat, hay, or oats in the hands of farmers, and no tat 
 or store cattle. 
 
 R. E. Thompson, Garafraxa West, Wellington : Ten per cent, of last year's wheat crop is still in hand, 
 with about 20 per cent, of oats and 10 per cent, of last year's hay crop. One-third of the fat cattle are still 
 on hand. 
 
 J. Strang, Garafraxa West, Wellington : No wheat in farmers' hands ; hay and oats are scarce ; no fat 
 cattle, but there may be a few store cattle. 
 
 J. McDonald, Garafraxa West, Wellington : There is very little wheat in farmers' hands above require- 
 ments of seeding, and not much hay or oats. Fat cattle are about all gone — sold, if not delivered. 
 
 Peter Wingel, Woolwich, Waterloo : Considerable wheat in the hands of farmers ; not any large 
 quantity of hay and oats on hand, but a considerable number of fat cattle. 
 
 E. W. B. Snider, 'Woolwich, Waterloo : About 25 per cent, of the wheat crop remains in the hands of 
 farmers. The hay and oats are about sufficient for home consumption. Fat cattle are all sold ; the usual 
 average of store cattle have been kept over. 
 
 Alex. Rannie, Wellesley, Waterloo : I think the bulk of the wheat is sold ; the supply of oats is good ; 
 hay is mostly fed up ; not many fat cattle in this part. 
 
 George Bellinger, Wellesley, Waterloo : Quite a lot of wheat held yet ; hay and oats are plenty as yet, 
 especially the hay ; any number of cattle ; a lot has been sold, but not yet delivered. 
 
 L. B. Snider, Waterloo, Waterloo : About one-third of last year's crop of wheat still held by farmers ; 
 no hay or oats in hand ; fat cattle are mostly sold, but not all shipped yet. 
 
 Edward Halter, Waterloo, Waterloo : There are large quantities of wheat on hand — more than we need 
 for another year ; farmers held for higher prices. There are also large quantities of hay and oats, although 
 high prices prevailed while they were being purchased for export to northern counties. Eat cattle are not 
 ^s plentiful as last year. , 
 
 Ben j . Dewitt, Waterloo, Waterloo : A great deal of grain is still in the hands of farmers awaiting higher 
 prices ; there is enough of hay and oats for general use. 
 
 Henry Liersoh, Wilmot, Waterloo : I should say about one-third of the wheat crop is still in the hands 
 of farmers ; oats are getting scarce, but hay is plentiful. Fat cattle are nearly all cleaned out. 
 
 R. Rennelson, Dumfries N., Waterloo : Considerable wheat on hand ; not much hay or oats ; large 
 number of fat cattle. 
 
 (Jeorge Gumming, Mulmur, Dufferin : A considerable quantity of wheat on hand yet ; oats and hay 
 scarce ; very few store or fat cattle. 
 
 John CoUey, Melancthon, Dufferin : There is no considera'ble quantity of wheat in farmers' hands that 
 I am aware of ; there will be more hay and oats than is needed ; no fat or store cattle. 
 
 David Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : Very little wheat in the hands of farmers ; plenty of hay but very 
 little oats. There was a large quantity of fat cattle, but all are sold and shipped this past week. 
 
 Wm. Dynes, Mono, Dufferin : Not much wheat on hard ; no hay left, and oats are scarce ; cattle are 
 very scarce. 
 
 Hugh McDougall, Luther Bast, Dufferin : I venture to say there is no wheat on hand beyond what will 
 be consumed here, and it may be necessary to buy. Even the stock of hay and oats will be all used before 
 the new crop comes in. No fat cattle held over, as feed was too scarce ; store cattle are also few in niimber. 
 
 Wm. McKindley, Luther East, Dufferin : A good deal of wheat in the hands of farmers ; they declined 
 Belling, in expectation of big prices if there Vas war between England and Russia. The stock of hay and oats 
 on hand is small. — 
 
 John H. Lindebury, Gainsborough, Lincoln : Quite a large quantity of wheat, oats and hay on hand, 
 but very few store cattle more than farmers require. 
 
 A. Hamilton Pettit, Grimsby, Lincoln : I think there is very littie more wheat than a sufficiency for 
 home consumption ; quite a considerable quantity of hay, and .probably more oats than will be reqrared. 
 A great many fat cattle and a very dull or slow demand. 
 
 Ralph F. Little, Bast Flamboro', Wentworth : There is more wheat in farmers' hands at present than I 
 ever knew of before, for the season of the year. Considerable hay, but more oats. Fat cattle arq all sold 
 and will be shipped soon. 
 
 William McDonald. Esquesing, Halton : A good many have kept all their wheat yet, expecting a rise 
 in price. I believe about half the crop is still in farmers' hands in this section. About all the hay will be 
 required for feeding ; there will be quite a quantity of oats over what will be required. Fat cattle are 
 moBtly all sold ; there is a fair supply of store cattle. 
 
 John Campbell, Chinguacousy, Peel ; There is quite a supply of wheat in farmers' hands waiting for 
 higher prices. Fat cattle are mostly sold, but there is plenty of store cattle. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : I think there is rather more wheat than usual at this time of the 
 year ; not much hay. Most fat cattle have been shipped away and quite a number were fed during the 
 winter. y 
 
 Archibald McKinnon, Caledon, Peel : In this locality about one-half of last year's Wheat is still in the 
 barns unsold. Hay is scarce and some farmers buying. Oats are plentiful. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York ; Fully one-half of the surplus of the last crop is in the farmers' grana- 
 ries. There is no more hay or oats than will supply the wants in this township. 
 
53 
 
 John Willis, West Whitby, Ontario : There ia considerable wheat still in the farmers' hands ; a large 
 quantity has been sold, however, during the last two weeks. There is plenty of hay and oats. Fat cattle 
 are nearly all gone ; farmers generally nave a large number of store cattle. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox : There is not enough of wheat on hand for home consumption, and no 
 hay or, oats ; some fat and store cattle. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox : Not enough of wheat for seed and bread. Both fat and store cattle 
 are held in considerable numbers. 
 
 C. S. Wheeler, Sheffield, Lennox and Addington : No wheat, hay or oats held over. The usual compli- 
 ment of store cattle. 
 
 M. Mehill, Howe Island, Frontenac : No wheat in farmers' hands after seeding ; no hay, but there may 
 be a few oats ; very few cattle of any kind. 
 
 D. J. Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : "Very little wheat held, and no hay or oats. Very few fat 
 cattle, but a considerable number of store cattle on hand. 
 
 Wm. Thompson, Portland, Frontenac : Not enough wheat for home consumption. There is a fair 
 quantity of store cattle, but very few fat ones. 
 
 John C. Stafford, Rear Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : There is some wheat held by farmers for higher 
 prices ; no hay or oats ; quite a number of cattle. 
 
 Wm. A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : No wheat ; some hay and oats on hand, but very few cattle of 
 any kind. 
 
 Andrew Grey, South Crosby, Leeds : There is some^wheat to spare ; no hay, but a few oats ; very few 
 cattle. 
 
 Alex. Thomson, Yonge, Leeds : No surplus of wheat or oatS. This being a strictly dairying section, 
 very little grain is raised over what is required for home consumption. 
 
 ' Gideon Fairbairn, Edwardsburg, Grenville : Very little wheat, not being largely grown here. Some 
 oats on hand, and very few fat or store cattle. 
 
 John Edgar, Kitley, Leeds : No wheat or hay ; a considerable quantity of oats. A large number of 
 store cattle for sale. 
 
 James N. CoUison, Matilda, Dundas : No surplus of wheat, hay or oats, and no store or fat cattle ; it 
 is mostly milch cows that are kept in this section. 
 
 R. Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : No wheat or hay, but a considerable quantity of oats ; very few 
 cattle. 
 
 Thomas McDonell, Charlottenburg, Glengarry : Considerable wheat on hand ; no hay, oats or fat 
 cattle. 
 
 D. McDiarmid, Kenyon, Glengarry : Very little wheat over what will be required for bread and seed. 
 No hay, but this section always produces a large surplus of oats. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, West Hawkesbury, Prescott ; No more wheat than will be required for consumption at 
 home. Very few cattle of any kind for sale. 
 
 John Cross, Longueuil, Prescott : Not much wheat ; a little hay and a considerable quantity of oats ; 
 Very few cattle. 
 
 John McLellan, Clarence, Russell : Some farmers hold a good deal of wheat ; very little hay or oats ; a 
 good many cattle. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : Very little wheat held, but considerable oats. More cattle (by 50 
 per cent.) have been stalffed this winter than usual. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton : About one-fifth of last year's wheat on hand ; no hay or oats. Fat 
 cattle plentiful, but store cattle scarce. 
 
 James F. Grierson, Torbolton, Carleton : There is a good deal of wheat in the hands of farmers, owing 
 to lo^ price ; no surplus of hay, oats, or cattle. 
 
 A. Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : Not much wheat on hand now ; coarse grains and hay have been all fed to 
 stock. 
 
 F. Kosmack, Admaston, Renfrevf : Very little wheat in farmers' hands. Our best farmers turn their 
 attention more to stock-raising. Fat cattle are mostly disposed of ; usual quantity of store cattle. 
 
 John Stewart, McNab, Renfrew : There is considerable wheat in the hands of farmers ; no hay, but 
 some oats. No fat cattle, but the usual number of igrass stock. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : There is a good deal of wheat held, owing to low prices during the 
 winter. Quite a number of stall-fed cattle on hand. 
 
 Edward Byrne, North Burgess, Lanark : No more wheat than is required for home consumption. No 
 fat cattle, but a good many store cattle. 
 
 John Gibson, Bathurst, Lanark : Considerable wheat held ; no hay or oats. 
 
 R. Harper, North Elmsley, Lanark : A little wheat and oats held by farmers ; no hay. A fair number 
 of store cattle, but no fat ones. 
 
 Cyrus Davis, Drummond, Lanark : Only wheat enough for home consumption ; no hay or oats to spare. 
 No fat cattle, as they have all been sold ; a good supply of store cattle. 
 
 Gavin Hamilton, Ramsay, Lanark : A large quantity of wheat in the hands of farmers, holding for 
 higher prices. A large number of fat cattle on hand, and prices very low. 
 
54 
 
 William Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterborough : There is more than half of last year's crop of wheat on 
 hand waiting for better prices, and oats enough for home consumption. A large number of cattle were- 
 fatted here, and are sold to be delivered on the 1st of Jiine. Store.cattle are plentfful.and look well. 
 
 William Davis. Sidney, Hastings : There is considerable wheat in farmers' hands above reserves for 
 home consumption, but hay and oats are pretty well used up. 
 
 LABOUR AND WAGES. 
 
 The supply of farm labour this year seems to, be fully equal to the demand, and the 
 rate of wages for the working season is less than for last year. Following are the average 
 rates per month for the two years, for groups of counties : — 
 
 CouNTT Gkoops. ^With Board^ ^WiTHOni Board-, 
 
 1885. 1884. 1885. 1884. 
 
 LakeErie Counties , $15 98 $17 25 $23 53 $25 05 
 
 Lake Huron CountieB 16 70 18 06 25 82 28 18 
 
 Georgian Bay Counties 16 54 18 07 26 21 26 53 
 
 West Midland Counties 16 54 17 45 24 02 24 77 
 
 Lake Ontario Counties 16 93 17 96 24 94 26 84 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa Counties 16 00 17 73 24 51 27 43 
 
 East Midland Counties 16 24 17 35 25 10 26 36 
 
 Northern Districts 17 27 17 25 27 00 26 62 
 
 For the Province • 16 45 17 70 24 75 26 78 
 
 Last year about 3,000 self-binders were sold to the farmers of Ontario, and the effect of 
 introducing so many labour-sa'^ing implements was seen in the material lowering of 
 harvest wages. Each machine, it was claimed, dispensed with the service of four men at 
 the time of year when the price of farm labour reaches its highest point. This year the 
 manufacturers are preparing to supply 8,000 self-binders. 
 
 George Leak, Rochester, Essex : A fair supply of farm labourers. 
 
 T. E. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : The supply of farm labour is sufficient just now. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : There seems to be a sufficient supply of labourers. 
 
 John Buckland, Gosfield, Essex : The supply is equal to the demand, but good help on the farm will 
 always command fair wages. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers. 
 
 W. C. Fletcher, Tilbury East, Kent ; No scarcity of male servants ; but servant girls are scarce. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent : About as many as required. Tile ditchers can get plenty of work at fair- 
 wages. 
 
 A, J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Enough labourers ; about $16 to $20 is paid for good hands for about, 
 six or seven months in the year, which is about as long as any farmer hires for now. 
 
 A. Humphrey, Aldboro', Elgin : Plenty of farm labourers, the average wages being $16 per month. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Plenty of hirel help at $17 per month for six months, with board. 
 
 T. M. Nairn, Malahide, Elgin : A sufficient supply of farm labour at $15 per month, with board. 
 
 George A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : There is an abundance of farm labourers and many cannot get 
 employment ; wages from $12 to $14 with board. 
 
 George Cruise, Walsingham, Norfolk : The supply is sufficient at $14 to $16 with board. 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : There is a sufficient supply of farm labour ; wages $15 to $18 
 -with board ; without board, about $25. 
 
 J. H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : Farm labourers are scarce at $13 to $182with board. 
 
 j'ohn Misener, Wainfleet, Welland : A good supply of farm labourers ; wages from $15 to $18 with 
 board, 
 
 J. J. Sherk, Bertie, Welland : A sufficient supply of farm labour ; wages average $15 per month with 
 board, 
 
 Joseph Garner, Pelham, Welland : There is a scarcity of farm labourers here ; wages $15 per month 
 with board, without board $22 to $26. 
 
 John Wilson, Thorold, Welland : Farm labour is scarce here. 
 
 John Mclntyre, Crowland, Welland : A fair supply of farm labour at $14 to $20 per month with boards 
 
 John A. Law, Stamford, Welland ; Farm hands are plentiful, but not generally good. The best men 
 seem inclined to go to towns and cities and try something else. Wages $18 to $20 with board, or by the 
 year $150 to $180 with, and $250 to $300 without board. 
 
John Grant, Sombra, Lambton : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers. 
 
 Isaac Unsworth, Euphemia, Lambton : A sufficient supply of farm labour. Wages $17 with board, 
 when engaged for six months, 
 
 Robert Montgomery, Enniskillen, Lambton : Good practical farm hands are scarce, inferior hands having 
 to take their place, at about $13 per month with board. ' 
 
 Robert Osborne, Plympton, Lambton : A sufficient supply of farm labourers ; wages are generally lower 
 this year. 
 
 Wm. Young, Plympton, Lambton : A fair supply of labour ; more could be employed if competent. 
 
 William Wright, Bosanquet, Lambton : A full supply of farm labourers at $12 to $15 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 T. M. Kay, Usborne, Huron ; The labour supply fully equal to demand ; wages about $20 per month 
 with board, for the summer season only. , 
 
 N, Robson, HuUett, Huron : The labour market is well supplied at $12 to $15 per month, with board. 
 
 James Armstrong, Stanley, Huron : Farm labourers are now plentiful at $18 to $20 with board, for 
 summer months ; no demand in winter. 
 
 John Rudd, Goderich, Huron : A sufficient supply of farm labourers at $18 to $20 per month, for six to 
 seven months in the year. 
 
 John Hislop, Grey, Huron : A sufficient supply of farm labourers at $18 per month with board, for the 
 summer months . 
 
 John Varcoe, Colborne, Huron : Plenty of farm help this year, but domestic servants are very scarpe. 
 Good men get $20 per month with board. 
 
 Finlay Anderson, E. Wawanosh, Huron : Labourers are plentiful at $18 with board ; $26 without 
 board. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howiok, Huron : Farm labourers are scarce ; wages $16 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : There is a scarcity of farm labourers. of the proper kind; wages $18 
 and $20 a month for six months, with boai'd. 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce ; Plenty of men this spring, but it is expected that the North-west trouble 
 will have them scarce. 
 
 Robert Russell, Greenock, Bruce : There are plenty at $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Daniel Sullivan, Brant, Bruce : Plenty of farm labourers ; some looking for work and none to be had. 
 Wages from $14 to $16 per month with board. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : The labour supply appears to be about sufficient. The volunteers being 
 called out (principally farmers' sons) will make some difference after this. Wages run fiom $18 to $20 per 
 month for six months. 
 
 Robert B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : I hear no complaints about a soarcitj^ of labourers ; quite a number 
 left for the United States in the spring. The volunteers going off on Monday will no doubt make a difference. 
 Wages about $18 per month, with board. . 
 
 Robert Oliver, Artemesia, Grey : The supply is sufficient ; good farm men get about $17 per nionth, with 
 board. m 
 
 James Latter, CoUingwood, Grey : At present there appears sufficient farm help ; wages $18 per month, 
 with board. ' \ 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Labourers are in fair supply at from $12 to $16 per month. 
 
 J. K. Irving, Innisfil, Simcoe : Plenty to supply the demand from $16 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 John Darby, Vespra, Simcoe : Fairly sufficient just now ; through haying and harvesting we could do 
 with more : wages about $ir per month, with board. 
 
 James Famey, Flos, Simcoe : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, at wages from $15 to $20 
 per month, with board. 
 
 James Ross, Oro, Simcoe : A fair supply of labour ; wages with board about $18 for eight months. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : A fair supply at $16 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Archibald Thomson, Orillia, Simcoe : There is a sufficient supply at present ; wages for the summer $16 
 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Benjamin Watterworth, Mosa, Middlesex : There is a sufficient supply ; wages, by the six or seven 
 bummer mpnths, about from $12 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Richard Coad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : A moderate supply ; just sufficient, I think. Wages are reduced, 
 but how far I cannot say. 
 
 John Hutton, Metcalfe, Middlesex : Good supply ; wages from $120 to $150 per annum, with board. 
 
 D. Leitoh, Garadoc, Middlesex : Plenty of farm labourers at from $12 to $18 per month, with board, 
 according to ability. 
 
 J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex ; A sufficient supply ; wages about $17 per month. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Plenty of farm hands ; wages average $16 to $20 per month 
 for the summer, with board; and about $240 per year for married men who board themselves, with free house 
 and garden, firewood, etc. " 
 
 C. Greenaway, Adelaide, Middlesex : Plenty of labourers of all kinds. 
 
56 
 
 Joshua Irvine, Lobo, Middlesex : Wages $18 per month and board ; $1 per day without board. 
 
 Richard Jolliflfe, Dorchester North, Middlesex : A full supply of labourers ; wages about $14 with 
 board to S20 without board, per month. In reference to working hands on the farm, I might say that if 
 some who live in towns and cities would feel like taking hold on a farm instead of eking out a mere existence 
 where they are, the advantage would be mutual. 
 
 Peter Stewart, WilKams West, Middlesex : There is a sufficient supply, mostly with board, from $15 to 
 $18 per month for the summer months. 
 
 N. MoTaggart, Williams East, Middlesex : The supply is sufficient at from $12 to $15 a month, with 
 board. 
 
 Elisha Ironside, London, Middlesex : The farmers find no difficulty in securing help ; wages about $14 
 per month by year, or $20 per month for six months, with board in both cases. 
 
 Andrew Robinson, McGillivray, Middlesex : well supplied, as we do all our binding with the machine ; 
 wages about $14 per month by year with board. 
 
 Alex. Douglas, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Female help is very scarce, and suitable help could find constant 
 employment at good w»ges. 
 
 Wm. W. Revingtou, Biddulph, Middlesex : Farm hands are paid from $125 to $150 per year with board, 
 but the majority of farmers hire for the seven or eight summer months only, at from $13 to $18 per month, 
 with board and washing included. 
 
 James Bradburn, Dereham, Oxford: A good supply of labourers ; wages, say from $14 to $17 per month 
 for seven months, with board. 
 
 Alex. McFarlane, Norwich South, Oxford : There seems to be plenty of labourers ; wages about $15 
 with board, $25 without. 
 
 S. 0. Tuttle, Oxford East, Oxford : There seems to be a sufficient supply ; wages about $17 per month, 
 for from six-to seven months. 
 
 Nicholas Smith, Oxford West, Oxford : A bare sufficiency ; wages from $15 to $17 per month with 
 board, for the summer of seven to eight months. 
 
 James Munro, Zorra West, Oxford : Good hands get $15 and board per month for the year. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford,' Oxford : There have been plenty of farm labourers this spring, more so than 
 for years. The average rate of wages without board is $26 ; with board, $17.50. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : There is a moderate supply of help ; the trouble is to get good men. 
 
 John Wright, Oakland, Brant : Farm labourers are plentiful : the average rate of wages is $14 per 
 'month. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : I think there is a better supply than last year, but not a greai 
 many.are hired in this neighbourhood ; wages $16 to $18 and board per mouth, for seven or eight months; 
 and $20 to $22, without board, by the year. • 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : A good supply of labourers. Improved machinery has don» ' 
 wonders for the farmer in regard to the labour question ; wages $12 to $16 with board, $20 without. 
 
 J. Frame, Downie, Perth : I tffink there are more than in other years : wages, $18 to $20 per montn 
 with board. 
 
 J. Brown, vicinity of Stratford, Perth : A fair supply of faml labourers ; wag'es with board, $15 to $17; 
 without board, $25 to $26. 
 
 J. Orerar, Eaathope, Perth : No scarcity of farm labour ; wages $14 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 R. Francis, Fullarton, Perth : As many farm labourers as required ; wages about $18 per month with 
 board, for seven or eight; months. 
 
 •.l4" Mo^aren, Hibbert, Perth : Sufficient supply of farm labourers ; the average rate of wages per month 
 with board is about $16. = r 
 
 u YwL' ¥"^*?a'i' Logan, Perth : There is a good supply of farm labourers ; wages about $16 with 
 board, $24 without board. 
 
 R. Forrest, Elma, Perth : Farm labourers very scarce ; wages $20, with board. 
 
 J. Stewart, Mornington, Perth : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers ; wages $18 per month 
 ^ith board, for six months. - . 
 
 W. B. Freeborn, Mornington, Perth : Supply sufficient ; wages for six months, $18 per month. 
 
 G. FoUis, Wallace, Perth : The supply is sufficient ; wages, $16 to $18 per month with board. 
 
 W. Hearn, Guelph, Wellington : Lots of farm labourers this season ; wages about $15 per month with 
 board. , 
 
 R. Cromar, Pilkington, Wellington : Farm labourers plenty ; wages by the year $40 less than last year. 
 
 J. Mair, Nichol, Wellington : The supply is nearly equal to the demand ; wages, $17 per month for six 
 months ; for the year, $14 per month. 
 
 J. Black, Eramosa, Wellington : Farm hands are plenty at $16 per mouth, with board ; without board, 
 
 P. Wingel, Woolwich, Waterloo : Fair supply of labourer? at from $140 to $180 per annum. 
 
 A. Ray, Waterloo, Waterloo : No scarcity ; wages per year, with board, $160 to $180 ; without board. 
 
57 
 
 T. B. Snider, Waterloo, Waterloo : Supply of farm labourers quite sufficient ; wages about $13 per 
 month 5 without board $20, and not inoludinff house rent. 
 
 I. Groh, Waterloo, Waterloo : Scarcity of good hands ; wages $14 to $18, with board and washing. 
 
 H. liersch, Wihnot, Waterloo : Supply of farm labourers plenty : average wages $17 ; without board, 
 $25. , ' 
 
 R. Rennelson, Dumfries North, Waterloo : Supply of farm labourers better than in former years ; 
 wages of good hands, $18 per month, with board. 
 
 J. Wilson, Dumfries North, Waterloo : There has been a sufficient supply ; wages, with board, $16 per 
 month during eight months of summer. 
 
 W. Dynes, Mono, Dufferin : A fair supply of men ; wages $16 to |20. • 
 
 H. McDougall, Liithei^East, Dufferin : A sufficient supply available ; wages with board, about $16 per 
 month for six or seven months. 
 
 D. Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : There is a sufficiency ; wages, $15 to $16 with board. All are boarded 
 where they work, here. 
 
 6. Bailey, Melanothon, Dufferin : Farm labourers plenty ; wages, $14 to $16 per month, with board. 
 
 G. Gumming, Mulmur, Dufferin : Farm labourers very scarce ; wages for boys, $7 to $10 ; youths, $10 
 to $16 ; men, $16 to $24 per month for from five to seven months of the year, with board. 
 
 John H. Lindebury, Gainsboro', Lincoln : There is a scarcity of farm labourers, with wages from $14 to 
 $20 per month with boar^, and poor hands at that. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : There Is a sufficiency of labourers at $16 per month, with board. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, Grimsby, Lincoln : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, with wages at $15 
 per month, with board. 
 
 A. Hamilton Pettit, Grimsby, Lincoln : There is a scarcity of good farm labourers. Wages from $14 to 
 $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Frank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : A scarcity ; wages from $12 to $16 per month, with board. A few good 
 men are better paid. 
 
 George Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : More good farm labourers could get work ; wages from $16 to $18 
 per month, with board. 
 
 John Secord, Grantham, Lincoln : Quite a good supply of farm labourers. 
 
 Alexander Servos, Niagara, Lincoln : I hear no complaints from farmers about procuring help this 
 spring ; wages, with board, from $13 to $17 per month. 
 
 Archibald Jarvis, Binbrook, Wentworth : Labour is scarce ; wages from $15 to $20 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 George F. Lewis, Saltfleet, Wentworth : There is a scarcity of male and female help, especially the 
 latter. Men's wages about $18 per month, with board. 
 
 John Ireland, Ancaster, Wentworth : Rather below a sufficient supply ; wages from $15 to $18 per 
 month, with board. 
 
 Ralph F. Little, East Flamboro', Wentworth : Plenty of f£|,rm labourers at present ; wages from $17 to 
 $18 per month, with board, during the summer months. 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : There is a fair supply ; average wages about $17 per month, with 
 board, for say seven months. 
 
 R. Postans, Trafalgar, Halton : I do not know of any scarcity of hands. Wages run as high as $20 per 
 month and board, but only for first-class hands. 
 
 John ghaw, Esquesing, Halton : There seems to be a sufficient supply of farm labourers. The rate of 
 wages is from $16 and upwards, depending a good deal on the' kind of man. A great number of selt-bmders 
 is likely to be introduced this season, so that the farmers will be less at the mercy of the hired man. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousy, Peel : A fair supply of farm labourers, such as they are, but there is an 
 increasing scarcity of good ploughmen ; wages $20 per month, with board. I have noticed this spnng an 
 unusual number of applicants for situations on the farm of the artizan class— persons who have scarcely any 
 knowledge of farm work.' It is to be regretted that so many of our farm labourers have gone to the JNorth- 
 West and the large towns, and that inexperienced men have come to take their places on the farm. 
 
 WiUiam Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : There seems to be sufficient for our wants. Around here wo 
 usually hire for eight months at about $18 per month, with board. 
 
 'W. T. PattuUo, Caledon, Peel : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, the rate of wages being 
 about $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Archibald McKinnon, Caledon, Peel : Barely enough labourers ; wages from $18 to 20 per month, with 
 board, for eight months only. 
 
 N. A. Malloy, Vaughan, York : A scarce supply, with wages at $18 per month, and board, for seven 
 months. 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Farm labourers are rather scarce, but I think that in due time 
 we will have a full supply. Wages from $16 to $20 per month for seven or eight months. 
 
 M Jones Whitchurch, York : The supply of farm labourers appears to be about equal to the demand. 
 From April uktil November hands are hired at $16 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Joseph D. Davidson, North GwUlimbury, York : There are plenty of men this spring ; wages are lower 
 than last year, being from $14 to $16 per month, with board. 
 
58 
 
 R. R. Mowbray, Pickering, Ontario : There haa been a sufficiency of farm labourers in this part of 
 Pickering this spring to meet the demand ; the first time the supply was equal to the demand for years. 
 Wages about $15 per month, with board, for the summer months. 
 
 E. Hodges, Whitby, Ontario : There is a sufficient supply ; wages $17 per month, with board. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : A good supply of farm labourers, but a great scarcity of domestic- 
 servants ; wages from 816 to $2<) per month, with board. t 
 
 Josei>h McGrath, Mara, Ontario : Farm labourers are scarce. The average rate of wages is $18 per 
 month, with board, for a term of seven months. 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham : The principal reason for labourers being so scarce and wages 
 so high is that there is very little for them to do during the winter. 
 
 Thomas Ward, Darlington, Durham : A sufficient supply at present, and wages are not so high as last 
 year. 
 
 Robert Colville, Clarke, Durham : About an average supply at $16 per month, with board. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : About sufficient ; no great complaint of want ; wages 
 . from $12 to $20 per mouth, with board. 
 
 C. A. Mallony, Percy, Northumberland : A sufficient supply at about $16 per month, with board. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburgh, Prince Edward : There seems to be plenty of men, so far, with us, for 
 farmers are not hiring as much as usual owing to money being scarce. Wages about $18 per month, with 
 board, for the best men 
 
 Wm. H. Mbntray, Amherst Island, Lennox and Addington ; A sufficient supply of farm labour at $16 
 per month, with board ; none hired without board. 
 
 John Sharp, Emesttown, Lennox and Addington : Farm labourers are plentiful. The rate of wages 
 is about $16 per month, for say six to eight months. 
 
 J. A. Zimmerman, Emesttown, Iiennox and Addington : The supply of farm labour is fully up to the 
 demand ; wages about $15, with board, for say nine months in the year. 
 
 B. C. Lloyd, Camden East, Lennox : More farm labourers wanted. 
 
 Robt. Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Farm labourers are scarce at $16, with board, and $24 without 
 board. 
 
 Wilhelm C. P. Plotz, Clarendon, Frontenac : A sufficient supply at present ; wages for good men about 
 $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Hugh Hogan, North Crosby, Leeds : There is no scarcity of farm labourers. 
 
 C. Chapman, Edward sburg, South Grenville : A sufficient supply, but the wages demanded are higher 
 than farmers are willing to pay ; $16 per month, with board. 
 
 Gideon Fairbaim, Edwardsburg, Grenville : A sufficient supply of labourers ; there is so much 
 machinery in use now that farmers require fewer hands. ' 
 
 A. Gidley, South Elmsley, Leeds : There is a sufficient supply of farm labour ; average wages $14 per 
 month, with board. 
 
 A. G. Macdonell, Williamsburg, Dundas : Farm labourers are scarce here at $16 to $18, with aboard. 
 
 R, Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : There is a sufficient supply of labour here at $12 to $15 per month, 
 with board ; $20 to $24, without board. 
 
 John McRae, Roxborough, Stormont : The supply of male labourers is sufficient ; female servants are 
 scarce. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : The supply of farm labour is fully up to the demand. 
 
 John McLellan, Clarence, Russell : There is any number of labourers at $12 to $15 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Osgoode, Carleton : Farm labourers are scarce ; wages, with board, $18 per month. 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carletou : Farm labourers are very scarce. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton : Farm labour is plentiful at $15 to $18 per month, with board. 
 
 Peter Anderson, McNab, Renfrew : There is a sufficient supply of farm labour : wages from $14 to $16 
 per month, with beard. 
 
 Thomas Lett, Wilberforce, Renfrew : There is a fair supply of farm labour at $10 to $15 per month, 
 - with board. 
 
 Thomas Moss, South Sherbrooke, Lanark : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, and wages are 
 low. 
 
 Peter D. Campbell, Drummond, Lanark : Labourers are not very plentiful ; wages are pretty much the 
 same as last year. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : There is a good supply of male labour ; female help is very scarce, 
 . girls' wages being $7 to $8 per month. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : Farm labourers are scarce. Wages are $18 per month, with board ; 
 $26 without board. 
 
 H. Reazin, Mariposa, Victoria : The supply is good at $18 per month, with board, for six months. 
 
 W. Sullivan, Emily, "Victoria : There is a sufficient supply ; wages about $16 per month, with board. 
 
59 
 
 A. Hawkins, Eldop, Victoria ; Farm labourers are rather scarce on account of so many in the country 
 going as volunteers to the North-West. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : The supply is ample ; wages about $16 per month, with board, for a 
 term of six months. 
 
 Dawson Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterborough : The supply is sufficient at about S18 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 James Tindle, Smith, Peterborough : There is no complaint of want of help at present ; wages $14 to $16 
 per month, with board. 
 
 Porter Preston, Belmont, Peterborough : No scarcity of farm labourers ; wages, with board, from $13 to 
 $17 per month. , 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : There is a scarcity of farm labourers 
 here during planting, sowing and harvesting ; but few of our settlers can afford to hire help, and just get 
 sJong as best they can. Wages are governed chiefly by what lumbermen pay. At present thej vary from 
 $15 to $25 per month, with board, according to the experience and skill of the man. 
 
 Wm. Davis, Sidney, Hastings : There seems to be a suflicient supply of farm labourers ; wages average 
 $15 per month, with board. 
 
 J. C. Hanleyj Tyendinaga, Hastings ; Rather scarce ; I do not know a man unemployed ; wages about 
 $15 per month, with board. 
 
 James Gay, Huntingdon, Hastings : "STery many this spring ; wages, with board,' about $13 per month. 
 James Clare, Hungerford, Hastings : There is a scarcity of labourers at $14 to $18 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 William Watt, Jr., Wollaston, Hastings ; Farm labourers are quite plentiful; wages, with board, from 
 $15 to $20 per month. 
 
 John Wilson, Dungannon, Hastings : Very scarce ; no men to be had ; wages, $18 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 W. D. White, Medora, Muskoka : There is a scarcity at $20 per month, with board. 
 
 James Young, Morrison, Muskoka : Plenty of men at $14 to $18 per month. 
 
 Stephen Brundige, Ryde, Muskoka : There is an abundance of labourers. Wages $16' per month, with 
 board. 
 
 Donald Grant, Monck, Muskoka : Labour very scarce ; wages about $20 per month, with board. 
 
 James D. Smith, McLean and Ridout, Muskoka : There is a sufficiency at from $16 to $18 per month, 
 with board.) 
 
 JohnH. Osborne, Stephenson, Muskoka ; A sufficiency, or nearly so ; wages $20 per month, with board. 
 
 Charles Robertson, Gardwell, Muskoka : Farm labourers are scarce ; wages $15 to $20 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 George B. Meredith, FrankUu, Muskoka : There is a scarcity of labour ; wages about $20 per month, 
 with board. * 
 
 F. W. Ashdown, Humphrey, Parry Sound : Plenty of labourers ; wages from $15 to $18 per month, 
 with board. 
 
 David McFarlane, 'Foley, Parry Sound : The supply is sufficient ; wages about $16 per month, with 
 board. 
 
 J. M. Ansley, McDougall, Parry Sound : Labourers are scarce : saw mills and lumbering operations 
 require all the men. 
 
 John Young, Armour, Parry Sound : Farm labour is scarce ; wages $18 to $20 per month, with board. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma : The supply is equal to the demand ; farmers to a great extent 
 exchange work. Wages — $12 to $16 per month, with board, are the usual wages this season. 
 
 ■GENERAL REMARKS. 
 The following extracts are made from the General Remarks of correspondents : 
 
 R. C. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex : An old gentleman in this neighbourhood says there has not been so 
 much intensely cold weather in one winter for forty-nine years. Then, the black sqmrrels toe« froze m 
 March while they browsed in the ehn tree tops. 
 
 John Buckland, Gosfield, Essex : Good improved land is worth from $40 to $100 per acre ; wild land, 
 $16 to $28. There are about 6,000 acres of wild land in the township. 
 
 C. Darling, Howard, Kent : Bee culture has become a matter of considerable importance with a great 
 many fanners, but the last winter has nearlv annihilated them. It would be interesting to us to know, in 
 what localities they have escaped, and how they were protected, if at all. 
 
 James Macfarlane, Dover, Kent : I know of only one farmer, whose lot is on the bank of the River 
 Thames, who is doing any tile underdraining. We much need underdraining, but the municipal drainage 
 which has cost us so much has hitherto failed to afford us suitable outlets. 
 
 ' A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent: I have to complain as usual about the general neglect of farmers to 
 improve their stock. I have seen since spring opened several scrub bulls and boars on the highways, whicb 
 are no good to any person. There should be a law passed to have such animals confiscated and sold at 
 public sale, and the funds placed to the credit of our township charities. 
 
60 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : The past excessively cold winter has terminated in a very unhealthy 
 one ; in this section it has thinned out the middle and aged people beyond any season within my recollection. 
 Lung and bronchial diseases are very prevalent. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Since the Ontario People's Salt "Works have been running at 
 Kincardine, salt for agricultural purposes is within the reach of the farmers. No doubt the action taken by 
 the Granges relative to salt will be appreciated by the farmers throughout the Province. 
 
 John A. Squance, Yarmouth, Elgin : New milch cows are scarce ; prices from $35 to $50. Good farm 
 horses are wortn $200 ; they are scarce and in good demand. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elein : There lias been a groat mortality among bees ; except where they 
 had the very best winter care they have all perished with the steady cold. 
 
 Robert Garnham, Houghton, Norfolk : It is a very pleasant sight to see the birds, but they are scarce, 
 and we believe the cause to be found in so many cats. Go ' into many houses and you will find from six to 
 twelve of them. Tax the cats where more than two are found in one house, and take the tax oft where there 
 is but one dog, and that a true Scotch sheep dog. 
 
 John A. Campbell, Windham, Norfolk : A considerable quantity of potatoes on hand for which there 
 is now no market. Heavy loss among bees. 
 
 John H. Best, Walpole, Haldimand : The farmers of this township are turning their attention to the 
 manufacture of cheese, and raising less grain. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : The winter was so. severe that there is ice in many places in 
 mucky land yet. Potatoes are a drug on the market, although the quality is excellent. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : It would be well for your Bureau to impress upon the minds of 
 farmers the perniciousness of the practice indulged in to so great an extent of selling hay and straw off their 
 farms. Ton after ton was shipped to Uncle's Sam's domain from the County of Welland during last winter. 
 In .tones of thunder say to them that it is impoverishing 4heir farms, and is condemned by all the best 
 fsurmers in the Dominion. 
 
 Joseph Garner, Pelham, Welland ; I think if your report of state of crops, etc., was made up to 1st 
 June it would be more accurate, the 15th of May being rather too early to judge correctly. 
 
 Wm. Mowbray, Moore, Lambton : Bees that were not well protected are mostly dead. 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : We had cold rain succeeded by snow and cold west winds on the 6th of 
 May. Tree planting is receiving considerable attention here. 
 
 James Lovell, Brpoke, Lambton : FuUy eighty per cent, of the bees in this locality have been killed by 
 the severe frost in winter. 
 
 James Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : As the forest is fast disappearing, it need not be wondered at that 
 our winters are becoming more severe. Shade and ornamental tree planting is well enough as far as it goes, 
 but more attention should be given to protecting .the natives of the soil by fencing stock out of the reserves, 
 and allowing the young trees to grow beyond their reach. 
 
 Finlay A.nderson, E. Wawanosh, Huron : The prices of grain have been so low that the people of this 
 vicinity have erected a cheese factory and are going to keep more cows, believing it will pay better. 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, W. Wawanosh, Huron : Bee-keeping is becoming quite an industry in this section, 
 but I think fully one half of them have succumbed to the long, hard winter; 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : The winter has been one of unusual severity as regards snow storms and 
 severe frosts, and was hard on both man and beast. Some farmers paid hundreds of dollars for fodder, 
 showing the foUy of trying to feed more than there is feed for. 
 
 WiUiam-Welsh, Huron, Bruce : The necessity of warmer stabling ought to be sufficiently impressed on 
 all, after the very severe winter we have had ; the greater comfort and saving of feed would soon pay for 
 the extra expense. Underdraining ought also to be done everywhere on our clay soils, and it is not unlikely 
 that three crops would pay for the labour. 
 
 Jlobert Russell, GreenockJ Bruce : This has been a very hard season on poor farmers ; produce was low 
 in the fall and the poor people had to sell. Hay and oats went up during the winter and ftiey had to buy. 
 Hay was from $16 to $18 per ton, and oats 40 cents to 60 cents per bushel. 
 
 Daniel MoNaughton; Bruce, Bruce : There is a great scarcity of money, caused, no doubt, by the low 
 price of wheat and cattle— two articles which farmers in this township depend greatly on. There is also a 
 scarcity of farm labourers, as we are entirely dependent on farmers' sons who have not work enough at home, 
 and who probably go to the timber woods in winter. 
 
 Joseph McArdle, Proton, Grey : This township is best adapted'for stock-raising, as grass, cloyer and al' 
 coarse grains grow well here, also roots. Our farmers are not particular enough about improving the stock. 
 If some— and we have those that can afford it — would pay more attention to their stock and get some good 
 thoroughbred bulls here, it would pay well. 
 
 John McCallum, Bentinck, Grey : This has been the latest spring known in this part since the first 
 settlers came. Snow did not go away till the last week in April, and it has been snowing and raining since, 
 so that seeding did not commence till this week, as a general thing. 
 
 William Milne, Osprey, Grey : This has been the most backward', or rather late spring known, but there 
 has not been any hard frost since the snow went away. 'Money is very scarce ; I never knew is so scarce. 
 
 Robert Lawrence, West Gwillimbury, Simooe : The lateness of the spring is going to stop most of the 
 farmers from sowing spring wheat. This is the latest spring for years, and we nardly know how to get crops 
 in. ' 
 
 John Darby, Vesp'ra, Simcoe : A good reliable spring wheat, suitable for heavy soil, as the old Fife was, 
 is much needed here. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simooe : The crop of maple sugar and syrup has been a failure in this neighbour- 
 hood. 
 
61 
 
 Archibald Thomson, Orillia, Simooe : This is the latest spring that I remember of since I came to this 
 country in 1857. There is snow lying behind the fence -backs yet, and the frost was very severe in the month 
 of April, sometimes 10" and 12° below zero. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : This has been the longest and coldest winter and latest 
 spring I have seen in the London district. There is a very marked increase in tile drainage. Cattle and 
 wheat are our staple products, and I might mention dairy products, as a large number of our farmers are 
 interested in cheese, and seem well satisfied with the returns from that source. 
 
 Jas. S. Grant, Biddulph, Middlesex : While it is not wise to look on the dark side of the picture, the 
 outlook for good crops is not any too bright. The soil has genprally been worked too wet in the desire to 
 make up for a late start, and should dry weather follow, as is probable, the result will be disastrous. 
 
 James Bradbum, Dereham, Oxford : The season is remarkably backward, and I presume this will apply 
 pretty generally throughout the country. Fall wheat and grass is making fair progress on well-drained and 
 warm soils, but the reverse on cold and undrained land, hence the vital importance of thorough under- 
 draining. 
 
 Alex. McFarlane, Norwich South, Oxford : The spring is very cold and backward— ice nearly every 
 night on water, which prevents farmers on heavy land from going on with their work. 
 
 F. Maliolm, Blandford, Oxford : Many farmers in this neighbourhood have been trying to make beef 
 and cheese keep company, but in almost every case they find that one is successful to the detriment of the 
 other. Herds of cows have repeatedly given from 5,000 to 6,000 pounds of milk in this locality. It only 
 needs a little observation to see that a pound of cheese is almost as easily made as a pound of beef. Of 
 course it is a disputed question which pays the best, but it i» quite evident to those who try the two together 
 that neither is eminently successful unless at the expense of the other. 
 
 Stephen Hall, Blenheim, Oxford : Fat cattle for export are fully one and a half cents per pound, live 
 weight, less than last year. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : I think we can show (in the eastern portion of South Dumfries) 
 some of the best fields of wheat in the township. Rejjorts from the west, and what I have, seen myself, do 
 not promise so well, especially on lit;ht soil ; but no kind of soil will produce its full return unless in a high 
 state of cultivation, and proper attention is given to a careful selection of seeds. 
 
 J. Carmichael, Hibbert, Perth : Farmers will not require so many labourers, as many are getting self- 
 binding machines and other labour-saving implements. 
 
 J. Hodgson, Hibbert, Perth : This is the latest spring since 1857 ; a great deal of seeding to be done yet. 
 
 J. Kennedy, Garafraxa West, Wellington : Your circular is too early for the northern townships. 
 There is not sufficient progress made at this time of the year to give the information you require. There 
 could be more correct information givenabout the first of June, especially in the northern townships. 
 
 E.. E. Thompson, Garafraxa West, Wellington : The season is cold and backward, and the ground being 
 full of water it is impossible for farmers to make progress in seeding. Indications at present are that hay 
 and fall wheat will be the best crops this season, 
 
 W. Tegsworth, Luther West, Wellington : This is the most backward season in many years, and, 
 without exception, the most trying on account of the shortness of fodder and the long and severe winter, fol- 
 lowed by a cold, wet spring. 
 
 J. Connell, Minto, Wellington : If tiles and ditchers could be got at a reasonable rate, there is much 
 need for them in this locality, 
 
 J, Cross, Peel, Wellington : I never saw such a late season to begin spring work. The past long winter 
 has left cows and store cattle very thin, and some of them will not be of much worth this season. 
 
 C. ItTicklin, Pilkington, Wellington : The season has been rather singular, on the whole. Frost in very 
 deep, and no spring rains to break it ; snow-storms occasionally up to the 10th May. Land sodden and 
 sticky, consequently a late seeding ; no growth of any account until after the middle of the month, and rain 
 is needed before vegetation makes much headway. 
 
 J. Wilson, Dumfries North, Waterloo : It has been very difficult to get on with seeding. The land 
 dried slowly, and I am afraid a good deal of it has been worked when it would have been better to have left 
 it alone, but the season was getting on and people felt obliged to do something. 
 
 R. Rennelson, Dumfries North, Waterloo : The disease amongst lambs, to which I referred, is, I sup- 
 pose, called goitre. We see less or more of it every season on some farms, while on others it is unknown ; 
 and now and again it makes its appearance on a farm where they have long been healthy. No ascertained 
 system of treatment seems to be proof against the trouble. 
 
 H. Liersch, Wilmot, Waterloo : Flax seed has been sown to an extent of from 200 to 250 acres. . 
 
 H. McDougall, Luther, East, Dufferin : It has become evident within the past two days that the frost 
 of the 11th has seriously injured the fall wheat where the plants were not vigorous. Much damage is likely 
 to have resulted to fruit trees, as the warm weather of the last few days has made evident. 
 
 J. Reith, Luther East, Dufferin : The spring has been very backward. I sowed on the 39th of April 
 and on 1st May, but had to stop until the Uth. The frost and cold weather of the last ten days have done 
 more harm to winter wheat and clover than the winter did, 
 
 John Jackson, Caistor, Lincoln : There is likely to be a general introduction of self-binders this season, 
 which will tend to keep harvest wages from running as high as heretofore. The scarcity of female help is 
 more than that of the male service. 
 
 Albert Pay, Grantham, Lincoln : This district or township is largely planted with fruit, and more 
 attention is given to that than to grain or stock. 
 
 R. Postans, Trafalgar, Halton ; The past winter will long be remembered by bee-keepers if not by 
 thers. The cold began very early and kept on with unusual steadiness. Many lost all or nearly all the 
 
62 
 
 swarms they had : I lost one-half. Though so cold, it has been an easy winter on some things that usually 
 suffer, such as fall wheat and clover. 
 
 A. Forster, Markham, York : Every one seems to think this is the most backward spring they ever 
 remember ; it is certainly the latest seeding. I think the cause was that the frost, being so deep in the 
 ground, did not get thawed out until just lately, keeping the water from getting into the drains. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : The prospects of tjie farmer are not very cheering just now. Everything: 
 is in a very backward condition ; winter fodder is almost exhausted, no pasture, and stock are in low condi- 
 tion. We never sa;w the land in such a bad state for receiving seed, and the advantages of well-drained land, 
 natural or artificial, over undrained, were never so apparent as now. 
 
 Jacob H. Roblin, Adolphustown, Lennox : There was ice on the Bay of Quinte on the 1st of May. 
 The oldest settlers say such a thing was never known before. 
 
 J. A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds : On April 28th about a foot of snow, and sleighing was good ; on May 
 ■ith more snow, with rain. I 
 
 Gideon Fairbairn, Edwardsburg, Grenville : Six inches of snow fell on the 28th of April, and the weather 
 continued cold and backward up till the 12th of May ; but, for the last three days the weather has been 
 delightful and the ground is drying rapidly. . 
 
 E. L. While, Winchester, Dundas : The ohee3e business is progressing here ; two or three new factories 
 have been started in this township, and farmers are turning their attention to cheese instead of butter. 
 
 D. McDiarmid, Kenyon, Glengarry : A greater quantity of snow fell than usual last winter ; the cold 
 weather kept on till abqut the middle of April, when we had the greatest snow storm known for forty years. 
 Owing, to the lateness of the season very little maple sugar or syrup has been made. 
 
 R. P. McDonald, Osgoode, Oarleton : Dairying is receiving more attention than usual, judging from 
 the number of cheese factories th&t have been erected. -Bridges and sluice-ways have suffered very much 
 from spring floods. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Oarleton : Farmers in this vicinitjr are improving very fast. A great deal of 
 imported stock is being brought in, and a great variety of farm implements. 
 
 Thomas Moss, South Sherbrooke, Lanark : I am sixty-three years of age and have never seen such a 
 severe winter as the last. 
 
 John Gibson, Bathurst, Lanark : We have had the longest, coldest, and stormiest winter ever known 
 here. 
 
 >Wm. Brownlee, Dalhousie, Lanark : There was quite a fall of snow on the 4th and 5th instant, and 
 there is plenty of snow in the cedar swamps yet. The water is very high in the Mississippi river and the 
 small creeks. 
 
 Peter Clark, Montague, Lanark : We had a regular blizzard on the 28th of April; About twelve to 
 fourteen inches of snow, and the roads were drifted fuU. 
 
 E. Chalmers, Montague, Lanark : The present is the latest spring since I came to Canada, 48 years ago. 
 The water is higher in the Rideau river than I ever saw it before. 
 
 Daniel Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburtou : The present spring has been one with the lowest temperature 
 for many years. During the fifteen years I have lived here I never knew the month of April to range 
 below freezing point, as it has done this year. The last Tuesday in the month there fell an average of nine 
 inches of snow, and we have had showers of snow and sleet as late as May 9th. The tardy vegetation and 
 scarcity of hay has had a very bad effect on stock. 
 
 H. Reazin, Mariposa, Victoria : Frost was never known to enter so deeply. My tUe drains on high 
 land are frozen up. I have seen the frost four and a half feet deep and a three-inch tile drain at,that depth 
 on level land frozen solid. The frost will not be out till June. This occasions the water to remain and 
 keep the land wet. 
 
 A. Howkins, Eldon, Victoria : I have been farming quite a number of years, but in all myrecoUeotion 
 never was there.such a scarcity of feed. Some farmers took their cattle to the woods and cut down trees for 
 them to eat the buds. From |3 to $5 could be got for a load of straw and $16 and $17 for a ton of hay. 
 
 George W. Deller, Cardiff, Haliburton : Great improvement is noted among farmers here, especially 
 in stock ; also in their method of tilling the grouiid. As they had a virgin soil they have been very oarelpss, 
 but successive cropping has opened their eyes. The Reports of the Bureau of Industries have greatly stiinu- 
 lated them to fresh endeavours, arousing competition with other counties. 
 
 John HoUingworth, Watt, Muskoka : Last summer's cro;^ of hay and straw was short, and although 
 there was considerable left over from the previous season, the unusual demand created by railroad construc- 
 tion soon cleared out aU that was held by farmers who were fortunate enough to have it to dispose of, and 
 this spring hay has fetched a price never before known here, $25 a ton. Many of the farmers had not 
 enough fodder for their stock, and at any price feed has been difficult to obtain. Many horned cattle and 
 sheep have died, owing to want of food. 
 
 J. M. Ansley, McDougall, Parry Sound : The winter has been exceptionally severe, and the spring cold 
 and wet. Grains of all kind, will have to be brought here on the opening of navigation. 
 
 R. T. Lyon, Tekkummah, Algoma : A large trade has been done on this Island in cedar posts, ties and 
 poles, which has kept the farmers employed during the winter. The spring has been very late, but the 
 ground is now in excellent condition, and a large area nas been seeded in a very short time. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma : With the adjoining township this is the beat section of the Island, 
 containing more good land, unbroken with flat rock, than any other part of the Manitoulin. The farmers in 
 general are of the poorer pioneer class ; good men with an axe, but poor hands with a plough, and altogether 
 behind the times. Therefore stock-raising and agriculture is not what it otherwise should be, considering 
 the natural advantages of the soil and mild summer climate. For health our Island is second to no other 
 place on the continent. 
 
63 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. I. — Monthly temperatures for January, February, March and April, 1885, 
 showing the highest and lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest and the mean 
 temperature of each month. 
 
 Months. 
 
 January . 
 
 February . 
 
 March. 
 
 April 
 
 I. 
 
 L 
 
 Temperatukks. 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 45.7 
 -6.4 
 22.91 
 11.50 
 17.25 
 38.4 
 -15,4 
 18.95 
 0.43 
 9.72 
 41.1 
 -14.9 
 24.62 
 -6.67 
 16.16 
 79.1 
 16.7 
 46.78 
 32.03 
 38.83 
 
 48.9 
 -11.5 
 24.89 
 
 9.80 
 18.04 
 38.9 
 -22.0 
 21.38 
 -2.43 
 10.08 
 44.9 
 -15.0 
 27.63 
 
 8.19 
 19.13 
 77.7 
 19.0 
 49.31 
 30.29 
 40.32 
 
 ^ 
 
 47.3 
 -15.0 
 26.77 
 
 7.71 
 16.92 
 45.0 
 -20.6 
 23.48 
 
 0.01 
 11.42 
 51.1 
 -3.9 
 33.03 
 12.92 
 23.24 
 83.9 
 18.4 
 53.42 
 33.75 
 43.27 
 
 47.9 
 -21.8 
 21.43 
 
 5.84 
 14.65 
 37.6 
 -25.0 
 19.19 
 
 5.78 
 
 7.39 
 45.3 
 -21.2 
 26.15 
 
 2.27 
 15.04 
 80.0 
 12.0 
 47.81 
 28.28 
 37.90 
 
 i 
 
 53.8 
 -10.5 
 29.68 
 
 9.59 
 19.36 
 42.8 
 -16.0 
 25.26 
 
 0.79 
 13.54 
 48.8 
 -9.5 
 30.73 
 
 8.17 
 20.20 
 79.8 
 15.8 
 50.69 
 27.81 
 40.10 
 
 44.2 
 16.1 
 24.31 
 
 9.93 
 17.97 
 36.6 
 -14.9 
 19.15 
 
 0.05 
 11.08 
 43.3 
 -8.4 
 27.06 
 
 9.16 
 18.45 
 67.3 
 17.8 
 45.68 
 28.78 
 37.73 
 
 45.8 
 -21.0 
 23.58 
 
 7.81 
 ;L4.62 
 37.9 
 -22.0 
 19.72 
 -4.75 
 
 6.63 
 41.8 
 -14.0 
 26.15 
 
 5.11 
 15.26 
 82.6 
 13.0 
 49.57 
 26.70 
 37.97 
 
 45.1 
 -29.1 
 22.96 
 
 3.86 
 12.77^ 
 36.6 
 -28.1 
 17.88 
 -4.34 
 
 5.59 
 41.1 
 -13.8 
 23.25 
 
 2.13 
 14.07 
 73.6 
 12.6 
 45.22 
 25.81 
 35,78 
 
 O 
 
 50.1 
 -22.0 
 23.88 
 
 5.63 
 14.39 
 36.0 
 -29.0 
 16.15 
 -3.75 
 
 5.37 
 41.1 
 -26.1 
 23.53 
 
 3.14 
 13.70 
 82.0 
 10.8 
 47.45 
 27.87 
 37.44 
 
 a 
 
 40.6 
 -25.4 
 18.00 
 
 ^22 
 
 ^50 
 40.1' 
 -28.2 
 18.90 
 -7.53 
 
 5.02 
 41.6 
 -28.7 
 25.94 
 
 2.83 
 10.80 
 83.6 
 
 9.3 
 47.12 
 27.71 
 36.22 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during January, February, 
 March and April, 1885, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon 
 each month, the hours of registered sunshine, and the totals for the four months. 
 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *, s 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 c3 
 
 . 
 
 
 c 
 
 r-^ 
 
 ■ %. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Oj3 
 
 Wis 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 £3 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 .2 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 I 
 
 g 
 
 January 
 
 285.7 
 
 80.4 
 
 71.2 
 
 91.9 
 
 79.6 
 
 
 93.3 
 
 59.5 
 
 66.1 
 
 69.4 
 
 51.2 
 
 February 
 
 291.4 
 
 88.3 
 
 83.0 
 
 86.8 
 
 100.7 
 
 
 108.1 
 
 73.1 
 
 117.2 
 
 123.8 
 
 
 March.. 
 
 369.9 
 406.4 
 
 150.2 
 164.6 
 
 145.2 
 176.2 
 
 lOf.8 
 147.5 
 
 130.2 
 206.7 
 
 
 159.6 
 196.7 
 
 130.1 
 162.5 
 
 138.4 
 186.9 
 
 168.9 
 222.0 
 
 166.9 
 
 April 
 
 120.2 
 
 
 
 Totals ..■ , 
 
 1353.4 
 
 483.5 
 
 475.6 
 
 434.0 
 
 517.2 
 
 
 557.7 
 
 425.2 
 
 508.6 
 
 584.1 
 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Monthly summary of the avenge fall of rain and snow, in the several 
 districts of Ontario for January, February, March and April, 1885. 
 
 Months. 
 
 W. AND S. W. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 AND N. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 E. AND N. E.' 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 January 
 
 1.02 
 0.78 
 0.49 
 1.58 
 
 17.2 
 12.0 
 
 8.4 
 8.5 
 
 3.64 
 0.09 
 0.23 
 1.23 
 
 30.5 
 
 14.0 
 
 19.6 
 
 9.3 
 
 1.30 
 0.41 
 0.12 
 
 l.?4 
 
 20.1 
 
 13.1 
 
 17.9 
 
 9.6 
 
 0.78 
 0.17 
 0.32 
 
 1.4;9 
 
 18.7 
 18.1 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 18.4 
 21.1 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 ,3.87 
 
 46.1 
 
 5.19 
 
 73.4 
 
 3.67 
 
 60,7 
 
 2.76 
 
 76,3 
 
64 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Wages of Farm Labourers per month for the Working Season, with 
 and without board, based on the returns of 615 correspondents. 
 
 
 
 Wases of Farm Labodmrs Per Mohth. 
 
 
 Counties. 
 
 With Board. 
 
 Without Board. 
 
 ' 
 
 1885. 
 
 • 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1885.. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1S83. 
 
 Bssex 
 
 9 0. 
 16 43 
 16 53 
 16 94 
 
 15 38 
 
 16 86 
 16 60 
 
 $ c. 
 16 01 
 
 18 25 
 
 19 17 
 
 16 92 
 
 17 65 
 16 29 
 
 « c. 
 
 18 05 
 20 40 
 
 19 88 
 18 13 
 18 00 
 17 86 
 
 « c. 
 2S 91 
 24 33 
 23 10 
 22 60 
 
 22 75 
 
 23 82 
 
 « c. 
 
 25 66 
 24 67 
 24 83 
 
 23 00 
 
 24 8S 
 22 00 
 
 « c. 
 
 26 16 
 
 
 
 Elgin 
 
 28 30 
 
 Noiiolk 
 
 25 75 
 23 00 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 98 
 
 17 26 
 
 18 70 
 
 23 63 
 
 26 06 
 
 26 66 
 
 'I^ambton 
 
 16 61 
 16 87 
 16 60 
 
 18 35 
 18 30 
 17 60 
 
 18 92 
 
 19 20 
 19 68 
 
 26 94 
 
 24 86 
 
 25 25 
 
 28 75 
 
 29 67 
 26 00 
 
 28 00 
 
 
 29 70 
 26 71 
 
 
 
 
 16 70 
 
 18 06 
 
 19 25 
 
 25 82 
 
 28 18 
 
 28 24 
 
 
 
 16 29 
 16 96 
 
 18 IS 
 17 90 
 
 18 86 
 18 88 
 
 26 00 
 26 30 
 
 25 67 
 27 20 
 
 23 80 
 26 66 
 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 16 54 
 
 18 07 
 
 18 87 
 
 26 21 
 
 26 63 
 
 26 34 
 
 
 Middlesex 1 
 
 16 27 
 16 00 
 
 16 00 
 
 17 93 
 16 71 
 16 75 
 16 60 
 
 16 90 
 
 17 61 
 
 16 45 
 
 18 34 
 
 17 82 
 
 17 13 
 
 18 79 
 
 18 43 
 
 19 17 
 
 18 68 
 
 20 81 
 
 19 35 
 
 17 68 
 
 18 39 
 
 24 60 
 23 00 
 
 21 76 
 26 38 
 26 26 
 
 22 40 
 26 00 
 
 23 66 
 26 70' 
 22 50 
 
 25 33 
 
 26 60 
 26 25 
 30 00 
 
 25 00 
 
 26 00 
 ' 23 38 
 
 25 50 
 29 00 
 26-08 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant .... 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 64 
 
 17 45 
 
 18 96 
 
 24 02 
 
 24 77 
 
 25 90 
 
 
 
 16 06 
 
 17 45 
 
 17 92 
 
 18 67 
 17 22 
 17 03 
 
 15 82 
 
 16 60 
 
 17 00 
 
 17 26 
 
 18 06 
 
 19 46 
 19 46 
 18 03 
 18 04 
 
 16 80 
 
 17 10 
 
 18 20 
 
 17 14 
 
 18 87 
 20 65 
 
 19 68 
 19 69 
 19 77 
 
 18 41 
 
 19 32 
 18 07 
 
 24 38 
 24 67 
 26 67 
 29 00 
 24 60 
 26 20 
 26 33 
 26 00 
 22 42 
 
 25 13 
 
 26 66 
 
 27 68 
 30 00 
 
 25 88 
 
 26 50 
 
 24 75 
 
 28 62 
 
 29 60 
 29 37 
 
 28 12 
 
 29 27 
 27 67 
 
 
 Peel 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 60 
 26 17 
 
 
 23 00 
 
 
 
 16 93 
 
 17 96 
 
 19 00 
 
 24 94 
 
 26 84 
 
 27 22 
 
 
 
 16 30 
 16 60 
 16 80 
 16 21 
 
 14 33 
 
 15 42 
 13 20 
 13 76 
 
 16 57 . 
 
 16 16 
 
 17 14 
 
 17 39 
 17 00 
 19 19 
 17 00 
 17 10 
 16 83 
 
 16 83 
 
 17 64 
 17 64 
 
 17 42 
 
 18 16 
 
 18 60 
 
 17 46 
 
 18 96 
 
 17 62 
 
 18 25 
 18 60 
 
 18 33 
 
 19 60 
 
 20 00 
 
 21 00 
 
 22 46 
 
 23 64 
 26 43 
 23 42 
 23 60 
 26 00 
 
 24 66 
 27 90 
 26 71 
 
 25 76 
 23 60 
 
 
 
 Dundas •'' 
 
 23 33 
 
 
 
 GI ngarry 
 
 
 26 00 
 
 Frescott 
 
 26 00 
 22 00 
 
 
 Ruseell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 31 25 
 
 "•sooo" 
 
 ilenfrew 
 
 26 50 
 25 60 
 
 29 66 
 29 OS 
 
 
 ■ ■■ 
 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 16 00 
 
 17 73 
 
 19 67 , 
 
 24 51 
 
 27 43 
 
 26 13 
 
 Victoria 
 
 16 17 
 16 73 
 16 67 
 16 67 
 
 17 36 
 17 47 
 
 16 00 
 
 17 26 
 
 19 S3 
 
 20 62 
 
 26 33 
 25 60 
 22 00 
 25 00 
 
 25 33 
 27 13 
 
 28 75 
 
 
 Haliburton ' 
 
 
 HfuBtings 
 
 19 26 
 
 25 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 24 
 
 17 36 
 
 19 77 
 
 25 10 
 
 26 36 
 
 28 62 
 
 
 
 17 36 
 17 67 
 16 25 
 
 16 65 
 
 18 00 
 
 17 60 
 
 20 25 
 
 26 70 
 29 00 
 26 00 
 
 26 60 
 
 
 Parrv Sound 
 
 
 
 
 26 67 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 27 
 
 17 26 
 
 20 26 
 
 27 00 
 
 26 62 
 
 31 !i3 
 
 
 
 16 "6 
 
 17 70 
 
 19 28 
 
 
 
 27 06 
 
 
 ) 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS : 
 
 -A.TJG-TJST 5, 1885. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The account of the season's crops presented in this report, together with the progress 
 of harvesting operations, the condition of live stock, the supply of farm labour, etc. is 
 compiled from information furnished by over 1,300 correspondents of the Bureau, 
 in returns made on the 5th inst. The areas of crops are tabulated from the schedules of 
 the farmers of the Province, filled up and returned on the 25th of June^ — the produce 
 being computed from estimates of average yield made by regular and special correspon- 
 dents on the 5th inst. The weather tables, as usual, have been compiled at the Meteor- 
 ological Office. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau op Industries, 
 
 Toronto, August 15, 1885. 
 
 AREAS OF FIELD CROPS AND PASTURE LAND. 
 
 The following table shows the areas under field crops in the Province for the four 
 years 1882-5, and of pasture land for the two years 1884-5, according to returns collected 
 by the Bureau : 
 
 Crops. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882. 
 
 I 
 
 Fall wheat acres 
 
 Spring wheat " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Oats " 
 
 Rye " 
 
 teas " 
 
 Com " 
 
 Buckwheat " 
 
 Beans " 
 
 875,136 
 
 799,463 
 
 597,873 
 
 1,543,745 
 
 78,293 
 
 646,081 
 
 167,831 
 
 61,776 
 
 24,651 
 
 2,911,199 
 
 2,268,091 
 
 159,741 
 
 16,435 
 
 9,024 
 
 102,303 
 
 864,740 
 
 721,647 
 
 700,472 
 
 1,481,828 
 
 103,416 
 
 570,928 
 
 174,560 
 
 65,836 
 
 24,878 
 
 2,794,986 
 
 2,193,369 
 
 168,757 
 
 18,341 
 
 10,987 
 
 104,199 
 
 1,097,210 
 586,410 
 757,156 
 
 1,418,309 
 188,111 
 542,771 
 214,23| 
 
 25^907 
 
 1,188,520 
 
 586,817 
 
 848,617 
 
 1,387,487 
 
 185,276 
 
 560,770 
 
 206,755 
 
 50,035 
 
 19,787 
 
 Hay and clover . , . . " 
 
 2,350,969 
 
 166,823 
 
 17,219 
 
 11,270 
 
 98,429 
 
 1,825,890 
 
 Potatoes " 
 
 160,700 
 15,791 
 
 Carrots " 
 
 Turnips " 
 
 9,955 
 78,823 
 
 In presenting these statistics a word of explanation may be r ffcio^ as to the system 
 under which they are prepared. The extent of farm land occnpieil and cl^nred in each 
 
township is reported by municipal clerks to the Bureau, together with the area of wheat 
 land sown in the preceding fall, as shown by the Assessor's roll. In the month of June 
 returns are received from farmers, giving for each farm the acreage of land occupied and 
 cleared and the number of acres under the various field crops. These are not complete ; 
 that is to say, a very considerable number of farmers do not make reports of any sort; 
 but the returns which are made and the total areas of occupied and cleared land as 
 reported by municipal clerks furnish ample data for working very safe estimates. The 
 agricultural statistics ©f Great Britain have been prepared in this way since the inception 
 of the work ther« in 1866, and, although there were fears and prejudices which operated at 
 first against the success of the undertaking, it is found that the number of farmers who 
 refuse to give information is getting steadily less from year to year. Nor does any one 
 question the general accuracy of the British statistics. For practical purposes they are 
 as reliable as the returns of the census, and being published annually the tendency of 
 every agricultural interest is clearly indicated. So much depends on the state of the markets, 
 the success and failure of crops and other conditions, that in computing the agricultural 
 enumeration of a country census figures are very uncertain data for the subsequent years 
 of a decade. As an instance, take tlie production of wheat in Ontario : According to the 
 census of 1871 we had, as the crop of the previous year, 7,891,989 bushels of spring wheat 
 and 6,341,^400 bushels of fall wheat; and the prevailing opinion throughout the decade 
 was that spring wheat kept the lead. But the next census showed that the yield of 
 spring wheat in 1880 was only 7,213,024 bushels, while that of fall wheat was 20,193,- 
 067. It will be observed, too, that the areas as given for the four years 1882-5 show con- 
 siderable fluctuations in wheat, barley, rye, peas and other crops, and these changes are 
 perfectly intelligible when studied in relation to market prices, the good or bad yield of a 
 harvest, the demand for meat and dairy products, and other conditions which affect the 
 agricultural industry. As to the general accuracy of these statistics, there is at least one 
 good test by which they may be tried. The average of fall wheat, as has been stated, is 
 ' collected each year by township assessors, and returns of it are made to, the Bureau by 
 municipal clerks. Farmers also report their acreage of this crop in the June schedules 
 filled up by them for the Bureaai, and all the returns are tabulated in the office. Now, 
 trying twenty counties of the Province in which more than one-half of the fall wheat is 
 grown, and comparing assessors' returns of this year with the Bureau's estimate, it is 
 found that the former gives a total area of 624,982 acres and the latter S4'l,932 acres. 
 The difference is only about three per cent. How much of this discrepancy is due to 
 errors in the assessors' returns of cleared land, how much to the difficulty of making the 
 same returns twice where the actual acreage of fields is not known, and how much to any 
 fault in the estimates as the result of insufficient returns, it is not material to enquire. 
 The difference is hardly apparent when the aggregate quantities are compared. All other 
 ^estimates are made on the same basis, and it is reasonable to infer that they are as near 
 to actual figures as those of fall wheat. No other system short of an actual census is 
 likely to give such safe results. 
 
 FALL WHEAT. 
 
 The reports of the fall wheat crop just harvested indicate that generally within the 
 principal fall wheat area of the Province — whi<!(h comprises the whole of the central and the 
 southern lake district — the return has been a good one, both in yield per acre and in 
 quality of grain. The average will be almost as high as that of the fine crop of last year. 
 On wet and poorly cultivated soils the early summer growth was generally retarded by 
 late spring frosts and cold weather ; and this, with other influences of a more local 
 character, such as storms, excess of rain or the want of it, and in some places the preva- 
 lence of hot blighting winds, was of suffi^jiSnt extent to affect the general result. With 
 these exceptions, fall wheat all through western Ontario came to the harvest a full and well 
 ripened crop, in good condition. The prospect' was poorest in the north-western part of 
 the Province, particularly in Hie counties of Grey and Bruce, where the injury from 
 
winter killing and rust was considerable. The yield in this district will not probably 
 reach in average, and the sample is generally shrunken and discoloured. There was an 
 occasional appearance of rust all through western Ontario, wherever it had a chance to 
 work in late and thin fields ; but outside of the two counties mentioned it was not so 
 general as to do any serious injury. In the eastern part of the Province the area of fall 
 wheat grown is comparatively small, and there was considerable loss from winter killing. 
 Wherever the crop survived the effects of the winter, however, it grew and ripened well. 
 In this portion of the Province there was an almost total immunity from rust, so that 
 even the thinnest fields came to full perfection in point of plumpness and colour of grain. 
 Attacks of insect pests were confined to a few localities where midge, weevil or wire 
 worm appeared to some extent, but not so as to do any serious damage. Harvesting was 
 several days later than usual, and at the time of reporting the bulk of the crop, excepting 
 in some of the earlier counties in south-western Ontario, was still in the shook. Pretty 
 general mention is made of the heavy storm of wind and rain which set in on the 3rd 
 instant, which retarded operations considerably, though as it was followed by cool, dry, 
 breezy weather there is not much fear of any appreciable damage from sprouting. 
 Compared with last year the area and estimated produce of fall wheat in the Province 
 are, by county groups, as follows : 
 
 T^ „„„ „ , 1885.: ^ ^ 1884. -^ Bush, per Acre. 
 
 UlSTRlClS. ^gj,gg B^gjj ^g^gg B^gjj ^ggg ^^^^ ^ 
 
 Lake Erie 213,014 4,779,586 215,213 4,557,227 22.4 21.2 
 
 Lake Huron. 133,205 3,034,742 140,623 3,188,194 22,.8 22.7 
 
 Georgian Bay 77,385 1,873,504 71,883 1,796,351 24.2 25.0 
 
 West Midland 242,963 5,631,096 247,288 6,212,444 23.2 25.1 
 
 Lake Ontario 168,784 4,275,638 153,991 4,254,945 25.3 27.6 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa. . . 15,864 279,231 13,592 251,264 18.2 18.0 
 
 East Midland 24,097 494,743 22,085 455,810 20.5 20.6 
 
 Northern Districts 324 6,189 65 1,396' 19.1 21.5 
 
 Totals 875,136 20^.374,729 864,740 20,717,631 23.3 24.0 
 
 The season's crop in the Lake Erie counties^may be safely set down as a high 
 average. Having, in general, successfully survived the winter and spring, excepting a 
 few low-lying lands which were thinned by late frosts, the wheat fields of this district 
 have" enjoyed an incomparably auspicious summer for growth and development. But few 
 and feeble are the complaints of injury from any cause. One or two hail storms visited 
 some localities in Elgin and westward ; late or low lands suifered slightly from rust and 
 inidge ; the Hessian fly was at work, but not seriously, in Essex, Kent and Elgin ; and 
 in the last-named county the wire-worm did some damage, chiefly to the Egyptian 
 variety; — these are all the spots on the picture. The moderately cool and moist weather 
 that generally prevailed throughout the growing season induced a strong, steady, healthy 
 growth, remarkably free as a rule from defects of any kind ; the heads are large and 
 well filled, and the grain is plump, heavy and bright. The cool weather had the eifect of 
 po-stponing the harvest a week or ten days. Reaping began about the 20th cf July, 
 perhaps two or three days earlier in Essex and Kent, and good progress was made until 
 about the beginning of August, when heavy rains set in and continued almost uninter- 
 ruptedly for several, days, compelling the farmers to suspend operations and leave a 
 considerable proportion of their grain in the fields, standing, or in shock. As the 
 weather has been cool, however, there are good hopes of housing the remainder of the 
 crop unimpaired otherwise than by a little shelling out. The farmers speak in term^ of 
 high appreciation of their self-binders, which are rapidly coming into general use, the 
 circumstances being just such as to show the advantage of a quick harvest. The thresher 
 is beginning to get to work in Essex and Kent. 
 
 The reports for the counties bordering on Lake Huron vary considerably, but they 
 indicate generally that the crop was quite up to the average in the southern portion of 
 this group, while in the more northerly parts it was below the average. The result is 
 
pretty much -what might have been expected from the conflition of wheat throughout this 
 district as it came out of winter quarters. In the counties of Huron and Bruce there 
 was very serious injury from the frosts and cold weather of winter and spring, but in the 
 county of Lambton the damage from this cause was comparatively slight. The returns 
 now to hand from Lambton are almost uniformly to the effect that a heavy crop, well 
 ripened, plump in berry and bright in straw, has been reaped in that county. A corres- 
 pondent from the ^ownship of Bosanquet says : " It is the heaviest crop we have harvested 
 for years in this township;" and '' a good average," and " above the average," are the ' 
 expressions used in many of the reports. The injury from rust was very slight, and 
 occurred only in low, wet spots, or where the grain had lodged from too rank a growth. 
 In the county of Huron the presence of rust was pretty general, only those fields 
 escaping which had been sown early and were properly undordrained, and which had 
 wholly escaped from winter killing. Here the injury from the last-named cause was 
 much more severe than in the districts farther south ; and wherever the vitality of the 
 wheat plant was ever so slightly impaired from this or any of the other influences 
 enumerated, it fell an easy prey to the attacks of rust. The same conditions existed in 
 Bruce, only to a greater extent, because the crop there was more generally damaged by 
 the winter frosts. An exception should be made in the case of the township of Eastnor, 
 where the crop is reported as of good quality and wholly uninjured. Generally, in 
 sheltered situations, or where from summer fallowing or oth«r good cultivation the crop 
 was vigorous and well advanced before winter set in, it maintained its condition through- 
 out the season, and a good yield was secured, but the majority of the reports from this 
 region indicate that the yield will be from one-fourth to one-third below the average, and 
 that the samplp will be, for the most part, inferior. In a few localities midge, 
 weevil, or wire-worm made an appearance, but not in very great numbers, or to do any 
 serious damage. At the date of reporting fall wheat was all cut, and in a few places it 
 was housed, but the great bulk of the crop was still in the shock. General mention is 
 made of the heavy storm of rain and wind of the 3rd instant, which retarded operations 
 considerably. 
 
 Throughout the Georgian Bay counties fall wheat, where injured by the winter frosts, 
 never fully recovered, and its appearance at harvest was not generally satisfactory. This 
 is especially true of the county of Grey, where a cold wet spring, followed by a partial 
 drought in places, offered little encouragement or sustenance to the struggling crop. More 
 than seventy-five per cent, of the reports from Grey state that the fall wheat fields 
 grew up thin and patchy, and that in all such cases, as well as where the crop, though 
 uninjured during the winter, was late in maturing, it was struck with rust while the 
 grain was in the milk. Wherever this occurred it ripened unevenly and prematurely, 
 the sample was shrunken and of poor colour, and the yield was much reduced. A 
 Sarawak correspondent estimates that the average yield in his locality will not exceed 
 ten bushels per acre from these causes. Several districts in the interior of, this county, 
 however, send very encouraging reports, notably portions of the townships of Normanby, 
 Egremont and Holland, where the crop has been exceptionally good. A Normanby cor- 
 respondent says : " It is the best crop we have had for years, both as to quantity and ^ 
 quality, and the greater part has been secured in splendid condition." A correspondent - 
 from Holland estimates that the early sown grain in his neighbourhood will yield forty 
 bushels per acre. In Simcoe county the return was much better. Coming out in spring 
 in fair condition, the wheat covered the ground with a vigorous growth which saved it 
 from being materially affected by rust, and brought it to the harvest with few exceptions 
 a full, bright and unusually heavy crop. Indeed the only unfavourable reports worth 
 noting from this county come from places where the wheat made such a rank growth 
 that it lodged, or was blown down by storms, some weeks before harvest, in which 
 condition it was struck with rust and the grain was shrunken in consequence. In a few 
 localities, on heavy clay soils, the wheal was prematurely damaged by the excessive rains 
 and backward weather of spring, and as a general thing late sown or badly cultivated 
 fields in all situations turned out poorly ; but these were exceptions and would not 
 materially affect the general result. It is worthy of note that Clawson wheat is men- 
 tioned as being the most liable to rust, while the Scott variety is remarkably free from it. 
 
There was an almost entire freedom from smut and insect pests. Gutting became general 
 throughout the whole district in the last week of July, and was pretty well through with 
 before the storm of the 3rd, but only a small proportion of the crop was housed at that 
 time. ' In one or two cases sprouting in the shock was reported, but hopes were expressed 
 that the cool dry weather which followed the rain would ward off any general damage 
 from this cause. 
 
 The West Midland counties, extending from Middlesex to Dufferin, and embracing a 
 wide area of different latitudes and altitudes, present rathervaryingaccounts of the condition 
 of the crop. Middlesex reports, with a few exceptions, an abundant yield of excellent ' 
 grain — a more than average crop ; and certain sections of other counties make an equally 
 good return. Some large deductions, however, have to be made on account of a variety of 
 small influences which have been at work, some in one locality and some in another. In 
 April and May frosts nipped the growing shoots, mainly in exposed spots, or in wet, 
 heavy soil, and only a partial recovery was made, the effect being to leave the fields 
 streaked and spotted, and to cause them to ripen unevenly. Hail, wind and rain storms 
 in June beat down a number of fields in several counties, causing; the grain to become 
 lodged and tangled, and increasing the difficulty of reaping. Insect pests appear to have 
 been comparatively innocuous. Midge has slightly impaired the crop in the more westerly 
 counties of the group ; the Egyptian variety was the chief sufferer, the others, such as 
 the Democrat, the Olawson, and the Scott, escaping unharmed. It is true, a South 
 Dumfries (Brant) correspondent reports : " More midge than we have had for years," but 
 this is a very exceptional case ; the ravages of the pest have been quite infinitesimal in 
 the aggregate. The most serious evil of the year has been rust, which afllicted the wheat 
 fields more or leas in all the counties. The universal report, however, is that the damage 
 from this cause was almost wholly confined to low, undrained soils, or to late sown fields. 
 As a rule, careful tilling and draining of the land, and seasonable sowing of the seed, 
 have been rewarded with large and healthy crops. The report of a Fullarton (Perth) 
 correspondent may be truthfully applied to many cases : " Early sown extra good ; late 
 sown somewhat thin, spotted and rusted ; but the sample, where properly sown," will 
 generally be very good." Another correspondent in the same county, in Downie town- 
 ship, says : " The crop is good where care has been taken in putting in." Others 
 attribute the rust to too rapid growth after the wheat was weakened by spring frosts ; 
 and a North Dumfries (Waterloo) correspondent makes this remark : " Considerable 
 injury done by heavy rains and high winds, causing the wheat when heavy to lodge, hence 
 a late ripening, and a consequence of this has been a good deal of rust." Taking the 
 district as a whole, while the crop is probably inferior to the magnificent crop of last 
 year, and to that extent a little disappointing to the farmers, it will certainly when 
 reaped reach a fair average ; and, with the few exceptions noted, in which the grain has 
 been left slightly shrunken by the rust or midge, the bulk of it is a first-rate sample. 
 The farmers of this district are now busy at their harvesting. The date of cutting was 
 a few days later than usual owing to the general backwardness of the season. The 
 farmers of the more southerly and westerly sections were first in the field, though rarely 
 before the 20th of July ; in most cases the reaper was not at work until between the 
 25th of July and the 1st of August. At the date of the reports the work was scarcely 
 more than half done and very little of the grain wan housed, rainy weather having inter- 
 posed a sudden check. 
 
 In the Lake Ontario district the extensive or successful growth of fall wheat is 
 confined largely to the counties bordering on the western end of the lake ; from the 
 county of Ontario eastward it is so uncertain a cereal, and so liable to winter-killing, that 
 except on a few specially favoured farms it occupies only a secondary pk ce. More or 
 less over the whole group the severity of last winter was rather trying to the crop. On 
 light sandy soil in the immediate vicinity of the' lake, where there was cnly a slight 
 snow-fall, considerable quantities of the wheat succumbed to frost, the fields being left 
 thin and patchy. Only one report, however, from Whitby township in Ontario, 
 mentions that any wheat had to be ploughed up. Throughout the greater part of the 
 faU wheat producing counties of the group— as Lincoln, Wentworth, Halton, Peel and 
 York— the correspondents concur in describing the yield as a high average of bright, 
 
hard, healthy grain — not quite so plump as the extraordinarily fine product of last year, 
 yet an excellent sample. A Nelson township (Halton) correspondent thus accounts for 
 the shrinkage : " The hot weather ripened the wheat too rapidly at last, and it is not so 
 plump and bright as it was last year." A correspondent from Esquesing township, in the 
 same county, reports : "A heavy crop on land either naturally or artificially drained ; in 
 low lands it is light and the grain poor." There have also been some traces of rust, but 
 it appeared too late to seriously affect the great bulk of the crop ; its chief attacks were 
 made upon the later ripening fields, or upon the few in which the wheat was left weakened 
 by the ravages of frost and failed to revive. Of insect pests of any kind, there is scarcely 
 a single mention in th^ reports. In this district, as in other parts of the Province, the 
 season was some eight or ten days later than usual, harvesting generally beginning about 
 the 25th of July — in a few instances only as early as the 20th. The work was rendered 
 difficult in several instances by rain and wind storms — more in Halton and Wentworth 
 than elsewhere — beating down the rank-growing grain and causing it to lodge, and 
 operations were interfered with by the heavy rain of the 3rd and 4th iiist. But for that 
 occurrence the mass of the crop would have been housed by this time. It is believed, 
 however, that apart from the delay it has not injured the grain. 
 
 There is very little fall wheat sown throughout the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 counties, and even that little was considerably reduced this year by winter-killing and 
 unfavourable spring weather, which necessitated ploughing up a great many fields and 
 re-sowing them with spring grain. Wherever the crop was uninjured by the winter it 
 has turned out well, and in many cases where, owing to the land having been seeded to 
 grass along with the wheat, the crop was left to take its course, it recovered wonderfully 
 and presented a fair appearance at harvest. Contrary to the experience in the western 
 parts of the Province with partially killed wheat fields, there was practically no rust in 
 the east, and the grain ripened up plump and bright. What there was of fall wheat to 
 harvest in this district, therefore, was of good quality, though the acreage was small, and 
 the yield generally light. The average yield is variously estimated by correspondents at 
 from one-fourth to one-half below that of an ordinary crop on the actual area reaped. The 
 best crops were obtained in the western part of this group, in the counties- of Lennox and 
 Addington, Frontenac and Leeds, and it was there that the largest acreage was sown and 
 harvested. In some localities in these counties there was considerable loss from the 
 wheat attaining too rank a growth, and being blown down and permanently injured by 
 summer storms some time before the harvest. The heavy storm of wind and rain of 
 August 3rd came just as cutting was fairly started, and occasioned further damage. 
 Farther east and north, along the Ottawa river, the acreage is so small as to be hardly 
 appreciable, the experience of farmers in these districts being that for _many years past 
 fall wheat has been too precarious a crop to warrant its general cultivation, owing to the 
 severity of the winter frosts and the greater exposure of the plants during winter as the 
 country has become cleared of the forest. No insect enemies are reported. 
 
 From nearly every section of the East Midland counties good reports are received. 
 In a few localities, and principally in Hastings and Victoria, there was injury from winter 
 frost and heavy snows, which left the fields slightly thin in places ; but this was not 
 followed by rust or blight of any sort, so that even tjjie lightest crops were with few 
 exceptions of good quality and ripened to perfection. In the few cases where, on low or 
 heavy lands, the wheat was struck with rust, it was not so severe as to cause any material 
 damage. In Haliburton, the most northerly portion of this group, not much fall wheal 
 was grown, yet what there was promised well. But the majority of the reports from all 
 parts of the district indicate that the crop is quite up to, and in many cases above the 
 average. A Hastings correspondent says, " It is the best crop' we have had in a number 
 of years.'' The general tenor of the reports is, perhaps, best expressed by a corres- 
 pondent from Peterborough, who says : ',' A good crop ; not remarkably heavy, but of 
 good quality ; somewhatNthinned out by winter frost, but not injured in any other way." 
 Reaping had generally begun through this district at the date of reporting, but little 
 grain had been housed before the August rain storm, which is frequently spoken of as 
 having caused considerable damage and retarded harvesting operations. There were no 
 insects to do any harm. 
 
What little fall wheat is cultivated in the northern districts of the Province appears to 
 be doing fairly well this year. A Monck township (MuskeAa) correspondent reports thirty 
 bushels to the acre on heavy clay soil. In these high latitudes,. however, it is a hazardous 
 crop. I A Morrison township correspondent says : " Fall wheat has often been tried, but 
 generally fails. I had myself one crop out of three times trying, and gave it up." A 
 McLean correspondent reports : " Two parties last fall sowed each five acres ; in one case 
 the wheat was damaged by last spring's frost, in the other it looks well." Harvesting is 
 just beginning. 
 
 Robert Maneiy, Mersea, Essex : There is about ten per cent, of the fall wheat out yet on account of 
 last week's rain. The weather being cool, I think it will not be hurt much. 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Orford, Kent : Fall wheat was hurt some by heavy rain and wind knocking it down 
 before being filled. 
 
 C. Darling, Howard, Kent : The wheat crop is one of the best harvested for some years, and the berry 
 is very plumj) and bright. The weather was very favourable to wheat filling, being very cool, but it had the 
 effect of making the harvest a week or ten days later than usual. 
 
 Samuel MacCoU, Dunwioh, Elgin : The quality of fall wheat was never better. I helped to thresh 
 some that yielded 48J bushels per acre. 
 
 John T. Kogers, Dunwich, Elgin : Democrat has' proved the most midge proof. Egyptian is about all 
 eaten up. Scott wheat stood very well. 
 
 George Cruise, Walsingham, Norfolk : The fall wheat had fair play this year, and where it was pro- 
 perly put in last fall is an- abundant crop, not being damaged by rain, hail, frost, heat, rust, or insects to 
 any great extent. 
 
 John A. Ramsden, Humberstone, Wellaud : I have five acres of a new variety of fall wheat that appears 
 to be very hardy, and one bushel of seed is plenty to sow on an acre. I have not threshed yet, but I think 
 it will turn out .at least forty bushels per acre. The Boyer in the same field, with the same culture, will not 
 yield over twenty-five bushels per acre, and it had a heavy coat of salt that the Martin's Amber did not 
 nave. 
 
 George M. Everest. Plympton, Lambton : Fall, wheat has not been better for many years, and will 
 yield an average of 25 bushels to the a,cre. Some expect to get as high as 45 bushels to the acre. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Samia, Lambton : Fall wheat is a good crop, considering the time most of it was got in 
 last fall. Some that looked backward in early spring picked up wonderfully and is a good crop. 
 
 John Rudd, Goderich, Huron : The rust affected the late-sown wheat badly, while it did not injure 
 what was sown early. 
 
 B. P. Mitchell, Howick, Huron : Owing to winter killing, which arises from lack of drainage, there 
 are green spots struck out with rust. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuokersmith : A month ago the promise of the fall wheat crop was excellent ; in 
 fact, it looked as if the crop of '85 would be the largest for several years. The rust has, however, dashed 
 aside all the fair promise, and a reduction of one-fourth or one-third will have to be made in the estimate. 
 
 Henry Doupe, Usborne, Huron : The fall wheat is all cut down and shocked, but a very small portion 
 of it is secured. The weath^ changed on Sunday night, and a good many of the shocks were tumbled 
 down. Monday and Tuesday were two wet days. The wind changed to the north on Wednesday. If the 
 remainder of the week keeps fine, the fall wheat will be secured. 
 
 John Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron : Considerable rusted, especially Clawson. 
 
 Edwin Gaunt, West Wawanosh, Huron : Fall wheat is proving a very good crop, despite the unfavour- 
 able prospects earlier in the season. In many places it is a little patchy and has not ripened very regularly, 
 owing to winter-killing. What is later is badly rusted. 
 
 Thomas Wilson, Huron, Bruce : Any places injured by frost jn winter and drowned by wet in spring, 
 so that it did not come on, is a little rusted. 
 
 Joseph McArdle, Proton, Grey : In my time of 21 years living in Proton, fall wheat is the best this 
 year of any. The snow was light last winter, which helped it. 
 
 K. Read, St. Vincent, Grey : Thinned in some places by wire worm ; more midge than we generally 
 have. 
 
 D. C. Taylor, Holland, Grey : Some of the earliest sown will give 40 bushels per acre. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : On sandy loam soil a good turn out ; on dry soils frost and spring 
 rains hurt it very much. 
 
 William Black, Westminster, Middlesex : The Democrat looks weU, being free from both rust and 
 wfeevil, and the berry large and plump. 
 
 James Gilmour, Dorchester, Middlesex :, Eaten out last fall by insects, leaving about three acres in a 
 field of fourteen. 
 
 James S. Qrant, Biddulph, Middlesex : Early sown fields, especially on summer fallows, are heavy and 
 escaped, but late fields and winter-killed spots are rumed by rust. 
 
10 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : Some varieties are better than others. The newer kinds seem 
 to be the best. The leading variety here, Walker's Reliable, is badly rusted ; Democrat not nearly so bad. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Fall wheat was kept back by the late spring, then pew too fast 
 where it was not winter killed, and was struck with the rust about a month ago. Some fields very bad, 
 hardly worth harvesting ; others about half a crop, and a few pretty good. I do not remember as poor a 
 crop of fall wheat on owe lands since the midge was here over 20 years ago. 
 
 Duncan Macfarlane, PusUnch, WeUington : Fall wheat is a very fine crop where it was sheltered in 
 winter. There is some of it killed out on exposed places, and. in low places where the water lay in 
 January. In some places it is badly lodged with the storms, and there is some rust on the late spots, but 
 on the early spots there is none. ' 
 
 Frank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : The late rains have caused all wheat not properly shocked to sprout. 
 
 George Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Winter wheat was somewhat winter kiUed 'immediately along the 
 lake. Throughout the rest of the township it is extra fine. 
 
 A. G. Muir, Grimsby, Lincoln : Not injured by weather except fields along the lake shore which were 
 not covered by snow during the latter part of winter. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Went worth : On the mountain, and near the foot of the mountain where the snow 
 lay all winter, wheat never looked better — no poor pieces at all ; but nearer the lake in one-third of the town- 
 ship only about half a crop. 
 
 A. W. Peart, Nelson, Halton : The hot weather ripened the wheat too rapidly at last, and it was not so 
 plump and bright as it was last year. 
 
 William McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Fall wheat is a heavy crop on land either naturally or artifici- 
 ally drained. In low land it is light and the grain poor. A little damage was done by hail about the 1st 
 of July. Fields ripened unevenly in most cases. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York : The spring frosts and wet season have caused fall wheat to ripen very un- 
 evenly. 
 
 D. James, Vaughan, York : Wind and rain have injured heavy crops of wheat so that it has not fiUed 
 out as was expected. 
 
 Thomas Cain, Scott, Ontario : Where wheat was partly killed out it has grown up with a great deal of 
 
 H. Clendinning, Brock, Ontario : Fall wheat not very extensively grown. It was winter killed in ex- 
 posed places. Where it was not killed by frosts it will yield 35 to 40 bushels per acre. 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : Many fields were injured to a considerable degree by the frost 
 and on the return of hot weather the wheat withered and degenerated a good deal, and large green spots 
 appear in many fields. 
 
 Wm. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : But little fall wheat sown in this locality. In former years it 
 used to be the principal crop, but now its cultivation generally involves loss, in some light soils and 
 sheltered positions a httle is still raised. 
 
 C. A. Mallory, Percy, Northumberland : Fall wheat has done remarkably well for the condition in 
 which it was left in the spring, having been badly killed and drowned by frost and wet. Wherever life was 
 left at all it came on well as soon as warm weather set in. It ripened unevenly and late, but is a fair crop ; 
 on high land it is an extra crop. 
 
 B. C. Lloyd, Camden, Addington : Fall wheat light ; snow lay on the ground too long. 
 
 Irvine Parker, Fredericksburgh, Lennox : Scarcely any sown ; it is not considered a sure crop on account 
 of its liability to winter killing. 
 
 Joshua Enight, Storrington, Frontenac : Fall wheat looked weU in the spring when the snow left. 
 The cold and wet affected it some, but it recovered wonderfully, and fields that in th6 middle of May seemed 
 poor now show a fair crop, with splendid heads of grain. 
 
 Thomas McDowell, South Gower, GrenvUle : Where the land is high, warm and dry, this crop is very 
 good, but otherwise miserably poor. 
 
 Gideon Fairbaim, Edwardsbur^h, Grenville : It appeared to look well when the snow went off, but 
 later in the season the spring frosts injured it. 
 
 D. McDiarmid, M.D., Kenyon, Glengarry: Only in exceptional years is there a good crop of this 
 cereal in the eastern section of the Province, and a quarter or a half crop is all that wifi be realized this 
 season. Those who continue its cultivation plant it in places which they manure and summer fallow, 
 seeding it at the same time with timothy seed. Where this course has not been followed, the ground is 
 ploughed up and spring wh«at sowed. The cause of the failure is the killing of the young plants by the 
 frost. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : Fall wheat generally killed out last winter. A few fields in shel- 
 tered places did well. i 
 
 Wm. Brownlee, Dalhousie. Lanark : Not as good as it promised when the snow left it ; considerable 
 killed by spring frost or snow in May. 
 
 J. G. Campbell, Bathurst, Lanark : Fall wheat free from rust and insects, but damaged by sparrows. 
 
 Dan. Williams, Glamorgan, HaUburton : What was not ploughed up in the spring never recovered from 
 the low temperature and inclement spring. It will probably not be half a crop. 
 
 William Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Fall wheat has ripened to perfection —no rust or blight. 
 About half is housed and the rest would be but for the heavy rain storm on the 3rd August, and the 
 grain is very wet as I write ; but the air is cool and it may not sprout. 
 
11 
 
 A. R. Ki4d, Dummer, Peterboro' : Fall wheat suffered in spring from frost, being deep, causing it to 
 heave, and where exposed in winter it was killed out entirely. No injury by rust or insects. 
 
 John Moloney, Douro, Peterboro': A poor crop, generally badly damaged by the frosty, wet, cold and 
 backward spring ; well filled, but a great deal of chess and noxiou? weeds on account of the damaged state of 
 the crop. 
 
 John Fell, Somerville, Victoria : Fall wheat suffered from the late, cold spring, and on poor and badly 
 tilled ground was considerably killed out : but the weather since the middle of IVfay has been favourable, 
 and the crop has continually improved. There has been some rust, but not to materially damage the yield. 
 
 Stephen Brundige, Ryde, Muskoka : Gopd in most parts ; the berry is large and plump ; in some cases 
 it is half chess, but free from rust. 
 
 James D. Smith, McLean, Muskoka : Five acres were sown by two parties last fall ; the wheat of one 
 of the parties was damaged by last spring's frost ; the other's looks well. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monck, Muskoka : On heavy clay it is good— say thirty bushels to the acre. 
 
 SPRING WHEAT. 
 
 The present condition of the spring wheat crop throughout the Province, though 
 somewhat inferior to that of fall wheat, affords ground for hope of a fair average yield in 
 spite of a good many adversities. Seeding was generally a little later than usual, and 
 growth was further retarded by a spell of cold, dry weather in May and early in June, 
 which under ordinary conditions is a period of vigorous development. As a consequence, 
 not only did the plant fail in many instances to stool out fully, but the season was thrown 
 backward from a week to two weeks, according to locality ; nearly all the correspondents 
 state the fields to be still green at the date of the reports, and cutting will not be general 
 until about the 20th of the month. The fields in their green condition are almost invari- 
 ably reported as luxuriant and highly promising ; but these statements have to be accepted 
 with some reservation in view of the vicissitudes to which the grain is liable during the 
 ripening period, and in view also of the fact that many correspondents in southern 
 sections where ripening has begun report that it is failing to realize the expectations raised 
 by its appearance a short time before. In July there was considerable hot, dry weather, 
 which stimulated a too rapid maturity, and appeared to expose the wheat to its usual 
 enemies — rust, midge and weevil. These evils, especially the two former, prevail pretty 
 extensively throughout the western peninsula formed by Lake Erie and Lake Huron, the 
 rust attacking the fields just as they show signs of changing their colour. It is not likely 
 that the western half of the Province, where fall wheat is more generally grown than 
 the spring variety, will yield more tban a rather low average. In what is known as 
 the spring wheat region of eastern Ontario it is gratifying to find that the accounts so 
 far are more generally favourable. Indeed, an unusually hopeful tone pervades the 
 reports from nearly all parts of^ the St. Lawrence and Ottawa and East Midland districts. 
 But insect pests and traces of rust are present, and it is possible that before the grain is fully 
 ripe the experiences of the western counties may be to some extent repeated here. A few 
 fields were thinned by the operations of the wire worm, and the Hessian fly was at work 
 in Northumberland and Prince Edward. The recent rain storms in some instances beat 
 down the grain, while in others they have promoted development of the heads. 
 
 Postscript. — Since the summary was made of returns sent in on the 5th instant a 
 number of supplementary reports have been received from western Ontario up to tha 
 20th, which deserve notice. So far at least as that portion of the Province is concerned 
 these later reports give a much more gloomy outlook for spring wheat than was apparent 
 at the earlier date. At that time, although rust had struck the crop in places, its appear- 
 ance was not so general as to warrant more than the note of warning which was then 
 given ; but it appears to have developed since with wonderful rapidity, so as to almost 
 completely destroy the spring wheat product of that district. Correspondents who reported 
 good prospects for spring wheat on the 5th now say that that crop will hardly be worth 
 harvesting. These discouraging' reports, however, all come from western Ontario, where 
 
12 
 
 the tendency to rust has been unusually marked throughout the season ; and as there was 
 little appearance of rust reported from the east up to the date of the last regular returns, 
 and as no supplementary reports have been received from eastern correspondents, it is 
 hoped that the spring wheat of this part of the Province has escaped the scourge. The 
 district from which no unfavourable reports have been received contributes considerably 
 more than one half of the entire spring wheat acreage of the Province ; still it is certain 
 now that the actual yield wiU fall far below the estimate given in Table IV. 
 
 George Hope, Tilbury East, Kent : Not much grown, but what we have promises to be of superior 
 quality. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent ; Injured by hot weather, so that it will not turn out half as well as last 
 year. 
 
 J. Hally, Aldborough, Elgin : Not much sown here, but almost equal to fall wheat under proper 
 treatment. 
 
 Robert Green, Windham, Norfolk: I do not believe there are forty acres of spring wheat in this 
 township. 
 
 Charles Walker, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Ripened too fast with the warm, dry weather ; think the 
 grain will be small. 
 
 E. A, Dickout, Bertie, WeUand : Spring wheat making a poor showing ; too wet in spring. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : About an average crop ; not injured by rust or insects to any great 
 extent. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : Spring wheat is again being grown here. It had been abandoned for 
 a number of years, but is now being tried with good success. The crop this year is very good. 
 
 John Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron, (Aug. 18) : When I made the returns on the 5th I put the 
 average of spring wheat too high, as it is almost gone with rust. It will not be over five bushels to the acre. 
 
 R. Currie, East Wawanosh, Huron : Since reporting for this township to you on 4th August, the spring 
 wheat has all rusted, and instead of twenty bushels per acre I think (August 14th) there will not be more 
 than five, though the crop has not given as good promise for years. 
 
 ' Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Very badly injured by rust and midge, but I find the Arnetka variety 
 is free from both. A great deal, I believe, will not be worth cutting. 
 
 N. Robson, Hullett, Huron : Large acreage of spring wheat sown in this township, a great part of which 
 is very much injured by rust, so as not to be worth cutting ; some farmers are ploughing it down. 
 
 M. J. Norris, Eastnor, Bruce : Spring wheat is very good but late, owing to the late spring ; will be 
 more than an average crop ; no rust. 
 
 William Milne, Osprey, Grey : Spring wheat is coming forward finely, but is now being attacked by 
 midge and rust. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : Spring wheat looked well some time ago, but a great deal of it was 
 sown late, and I am afraid there will be serious loss from rust. 
 
 Henry Atkey, Keppel, Grey : Best crop for years ; straw long ; heads good ; berry large. 
 
 C. Cooke, jr., Tecumseh, Simcoe: Looks well; was ripening too fast on account of the drought and 
 extremely hot weather in last of July, but recent rains will helpit to fill. 
 
 Michael Coyle, Sunnidale, Simcoe : Injured by rust a good deal in places. 
 
 W, D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : A fair crop of straw, but rusted' dreadfully ; some fields nearlv 
 black. 
 
 Henry .Anderson, Willow Grove, Middlesex : Good crop of straw, but much hurt by rust, and laid down 
 by storms. 
 
 Thomas Beckton, Ekfrid, Middlesex : A good breadth sown, and promises to be better than last year. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford s Spring wheat was sown later than usual, and as a consequence it 
 looks thin and poor, except where sown early and on good soil. It is badly infested with midge, and also 
 shows signs of rust. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brautford, Brant : Spring wheat looked well until the last few days, but it is now 
 rusted and is hardly worth cutting. 
 
 Alexander Martin, Downie, Perth (Aug. 17) ; Since sending my report on Aug. 4th quite a change is 
 seen in the spring wheat. The rust has committed fearful work. In some places it is not worth cutting, 
 except for chicken feed, and take it all in all it will not exceed ten bushels to the acre. 
 
 Geo. Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : I wish to correct a statement in reference to spring wheat that J 
 made in my report to you last Wednesday. I then said spring wheat would average ten bushels per acre ; 
 that estimate I find, as the wheat nears cutting, was too nigh. It will be almost a total failure m conse- 
 quence of rust and midge. Farmers are beginmng to reap now in a very green state, hoping it will make 
 more than if allowed to dry up and ripen standing. I intend to reap my own to-day (Aug. 10th) and, if I 
 can secure it in good order, put it through the straw cutter for feed. A great deal of it will hardly be worth 
 threshing. 
 
18 
 
 H. McDougall, Guelph, Wellington (Aur. 14) : We had the best prospect for a good crop of spring 
 wheat in this neighbourhood we ever had since 1859. I was out in the neignbourhood to-day for a genersQ 
 observation, and I put the spring wheat down for a dead failure— rust and midge. 
 
 John Secord, Grantham, Lincoln : Spring wheat promised a good crop until the few hot day- 
 injured it fully one-fourth or one-third. It is shrunk, and will not nold the weight. 
 John Jackson, Caistor, Lincoln : Not promising ; shows signs of Hessian fly. 
 W. T. PattuUo, Caledon, Peel : Down badly with storm of 3rd and 4th inst. 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York (August 10) : Nearly a failure from rust. 
 
 Joseph D. Davidson, North Gwillimbury, York : A very promising crop until lately, when it became 
 affected with rust, which coming on so early will seriously aflept the crftp, both in quality and quantity. I 
 know fields that are now ruined by it ; other fields not so bad. 
 
 John Willis, Whitby, Ontario : Badly rusted, and some varieties almost destroyed by weevil, especially 
 White Russian ; Oregon, Fyf e and Goose are better. 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : In the north portion of our township we had a very meagre rainfall 
 in June, only 80-lOOths of an' inch, hence the crop did not develop rapidly in its early stages. July has 
 redeemed it a good deal, as we have had 1 inch and 95-100th3 of rain, yet not enoim-h to satisfy the demand ; 
 and now, when the wheat has developed, there are widespread accounts of weevil. We have found many fields, 
 and early ones too, containing enough to lessen the yield one-t^ird, and during the past week many fields 
 have whitened prematurely from its ravages. Rust is getting very injurious also. 
 
 R. Windatt, Darlington, Durham ; The recent very hot weather has dried it up before filling, and the 
 late storm of wind and rain has broken it down badly. 
 
 James Brook, Cavan, Durham : Rust on some fields, grasshoppers on others. Late seeding and drought 
 have caused them. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : The early sown damaged by the Hessian fly— the crop 
 thin on the ground ; the late sown looks well at present and promises to be a large crop, but as much of it 
 was not sown tm after the middle of May it has the risk of rust and midge to run yet. 
 
 Wm. MackHn, Haldimand, Northumberland : Spring wheat fair on low and heavy lands, /but light on 
 high and dry lands ; cause— injured by Hessian fiy and dry weather. 
 
 James Lane, Denbigh, Addington : A considerable quantity sown in this region, and of excellent 
 quality. 
 
 W. N. Mallory, Adolphustown, Lennox : Large crop of straw, but grain will not be over a quarter of a 
 crop on account of midge. 
 
 D. McDiarmid, M.D., Kenyon, Glengarry : Appearance very good ; no injury suffered from any cause ; 
 surface sown will yield a sufficient amount for local consumption. 
 
 J C Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : A fine promise of crop is now marred by the presence of rust and 
 
 midge in' many place*; consequently farmers do not now expect more than half the crop they formerly did. 
 
 G W Deller, Cardiff, Saliburton : .Spring wheat promises a remarkably good yield this year. The cold 
 
 weather and (drought in early summer made it very backward, but since June the weather has been very 
 
 favourable and its progress has been simply wonderful. 
 
 Wm. Ramsay, Mariposa, Victoria : Generally spring wheat is thin on the ground ; some complaints of 
 weevil. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Tenelon, Victoria : Late, and rusted very badly on most farms, and a good deal is 
 I weevil eaten. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma : Spring wheat doing remarkably well since the late rains ; crops 
 wiU not be out tm September. 
 
 Albert H Smith, Monok, Muskoka : The straw is five feet long and upwards, but the value of the crop 
 is reduced by "the storm of the 3rd, which laid the heaviest crop as fiat as a board. 
 
 BARLEY. 
 
 The barley crop of this season, vi^ith the exception of a few localities, has generally- 
 been heavy and well matured ; but with the great bulk of the crop the colour of the grain 
 —which so largely regulates its market value— has been materially^ damaged by the storm 
 of the 3id instant. At that date barley cutting was not more than half through ; and it 
 was only in the earlier localities, and generally in the case pf fields that had been sown 
 and reaped quite early, that any portion of the crop was under cover. Probably not far 
 from three-fourths of all the barley in the Province was out m that storm, either m the 
 shock or standing ripe and ready to cut. In consequence of this misfortune the sample 
 will be more or less dark in colour ; but for it the return would have been satisfactory in 
 every way. The crop in nearly every district was exceptionally heavy and long m the 
 straw, and the heads were large and plump. Not more than one or two complaints are 
 made of the barley being short in the straw— a circumstance rather unusual m the case of 
 
14 
 
 this crop. The only unfarourable reports of note come from portions of the counties of 
 York, Ontario, Durham and Northumberland, where a week or two of excessively hot 
 and dry weather, occurring just at the time the grain was forming, caused it to ripen too 
 quickly, and the berry is rather small and light in consequence. But the reported 
 shrinkage applies to only a portion of that fine barley district, and does not seem to have 
 been general. The reports from all parts of western Ontario i^re pretty uniform as to the 
 damage inflicted by the late rain, except that in Lambton and Middlesex, where harvest- 
 ing appears to have been mor§ forward than elsewhere, probably one-half of the crop was 
 housed before the storm came. In all parts barley on low and heavy soils suffered from 
 excess of rain, and in some cases it became lodged from too rank a growth, and in that 
 condition it was struck with rust. Generally, the.crop will bulk well ; and though a very 
 considerable portion of it may be rendered unsaleable at a profitable figure on account of 
 discolouration, it will at least ensure, in conjunction with other coarse cereals, an abun- 
 dance of valuable feeding grains for the winter. As compared with last year there is a 
 decrease in area of nearly 100,000 acres, and the yield is estimated at 17,015,671 bushels, 
 or 2,000,000 less than last year. 
 
 Robert Manery, Mersea, Essex : I think it is below the average, and the rain came in time to catch 
 most of the barley cut and in the field, consequently the colour will be bad. 
 
 Geo. Hope, Tilbury East, Kent : Not much grown here, but of what thereis a great deal has been out 
 under the rain, which will greatly spoil it. 
 
 Geo. A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : Cannot be over two-thirds of a crop ; badly injured by cut-worms. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : A very good crop, but most of it wiU be badly coloured, scarcely 
 any having been secured without rain. 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : A good crop of straw, but the grain will be very light ; too much 
 dry weather. 
 
 .James McClive, Bertie, Welland : Very little sown here on account of price rating so low ; doesn't pay 
 expenses. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Not much sown ; looks only middling ; injured only by wet 
 weather on low heavy land, where such grain should never be sown with the slightest expectation of getting 
 a crop. 
 
 R. Pleok, Moore, Lambton : A fine crop ; nearly all cut and saved in good order. 
 
 James Campbell, Stanley, Huron : Barley not so much sown now on account of the Scott Act ; crop 
 fair. >, 
 
 Donald Blue, Huron, Bruce : Never saw a better appearance ; will jdeld largely if secure'd in good con- 
 dition. , ^ 
 
 A. G. Hunter, Proton, Grey : Barley i? a fine bright crop. 
 
 William Milne, Osprey, Grey : Was injured to some extent in places by grub or wire worm. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : Not much barley saved yet ; the weather is not favourable for preserving 
 colour. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Simcoe :, Not as much grown as in previous years ', promised well, but the recent 
 very heavy rain will probably discolour much of it. 
 
 R. T. Banting, Essa, Simcoe : Barley promises to be a fair crop ; scarcely, however, up to the average 
 of former years. * 
 
 Geo. Sneath, Yespra, Simcoe : Heavy crops of barley ; later in ripening than usual. 
 
 J. M. Henderson, Adelaide, Middlesex : Barlejr is a good crop, but it will have to be fed to stock owing 
 to the passing of the Scott Act in so many counties in Ontario. 
 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex : A very good crop, but affected some by rust. 
 
 Geo. Douglas, London, Middlesex : A good crop, and mostly harvested. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxf orji : A very good crop ; say thirty -five bushels to the acre. 
 
 Henry Key, Oakland, Brant : Some of the fields are the heaviest I ever saw ; will be above the average 
 but somewhat coloured. ' 
 
 Duncan McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : A good yield, but badly discoloured by late rains ; not a great 
 quantity saved. ' 
 
 R. E. Thompson, West Garafraxa, Wellington : Promises well, but a slightly decreased acreage. 
 
 Ohas. Nicklin, Pilkington, Wellington : Less sown than usual ; spring wheat taking its place. 
 
 Hugh McDougaU, East Luther, Dufferin : Probably fifty per cent, more than usual sown, and promises 
 an extra large yield. 
 
15 
 
 John Seoord, Grantham, Lincoln : Barley is a very good crop, quite up to the average ; very little has 
 been threshed yet. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanf ord, Wentworth : Barley is an excellent crop ; the rain during the present week 
 will have the effect of injuring it in colour at least. 
 
 A. W. Peart, Nelson, Halton : Ripened too rapidly at last, and wUl not be plump ; well secured. 
 
 John Sinclair, Ching^aeuosy, Peel : Berry not so plump as last year, and owing to the severe rains of 
 last few days the greater part will be coloured. 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Ripened rather too fast, and will be badly coloured by rains. 
 
 John Willis, Whitby, Ontario : Barley ripened too fast, and did not fill very well on account of drought 
 and hot weather. 
 
 S. H. Stevenson, Pickering, Ontario : Generally very good, though from want of rain will be rather 
 light. 
 
 James Brock, Cavan, Durham : Barley generally an average crop, but will be small in grain. 
 
 E. J. Honey, 'Percy, Northumberland: Barley is generally a heavy crop, though some fields have 
 ripened rather too fast. About a quarter or a third of the crop has been harvested in good condition, and 
 will be extra bright ; the remainder is out and the weather is rainy. 
 
 John Moore, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Many fields of barley are lying down with the rank growth 
 and storms. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Barley is of very good quality, and is being harvested 
 in fine condition ; has not had a better appearance for many years, but not so much sown as usu^. 
 
 John Edgar, Kitley, Leeds ; Not much barley grown here> but it is generally good on high land. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, West Hawkesbury, Presoott : Barley promises a good crop ; not a large acreage. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Promises well ; some complaints of rust, but the heavy rains of 
 the past three 4^ys must damage the colour. 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Barley promised to be a fair average crop, but the hot weather 
 in July made it to ripen too fast, and the grain wUl not be large. 
 
 Thomas Butler, Croft, ^arry Sound : Not up to the'average ; thinned out by drought ; good on new land . 
 
 OATS. 
 
 The accounts received of the oat crop are uniformly favourable from every section of 
 the Province. Except in a few rare instances, in which local or exceptional causes have 
 produced a deficiency, the reports give promise of a high average, though not equal on 
 the whole to the bountiful yield of last year^ The best accounts, however, are from the 
 eastern and northern districts of the Province, where oats are one of the farmers' main 
 sources of revenue. With oats as with all other spring crops, the season has been late ; 
 for this reason the straw is rather stunted. The dry weather of July contributed to the 
 same result, and tended to hasten maturity ; yet everywhere the heads appear to be large, 
 well-filled and healthy. The most wide-spread source of complaint has been the violent 
 wind and rain storm of the 3rd and 4th inst., which flattened and lodged the grain in 
 many fields ; yet where it was strong enough to withstand the tempest the rain has bene- 
 fitted it by promoting a better development of the heads and checking premature ripening. 
 The only insect pest seriously complained of is the grasshopper, which in the Lake Erie 
 anii West Midland counties, as well as in occasional localities elsewhere, has stripped 
 many of the stalks of their grain. Throughout western Ontario there have been some 
 traces of rust and smut, but the crop has not suflFered appreciably therefrom. The 
 reports from eastern Ontario make scarcely any mention of 'any of these drawbacks. 
 The farmers of the Lake Erie counties are just about reaping their oats ; elsewhere they 
 will not be ripe for several days yet— in some cases not for ten days or two weeks. The 
 estimated yield is 59,124,614 bushels, but the unfavourable weather will doubtless reduce 
 this amount. 
 
 R. 0. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex : Early oats are good, and late ones have been saved by the showers 
 we have just had. . 
 
 George Little, Sandwich East, Essex: A splendid crop here-I think the best we have had for some 
 years. 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Orford, Kent : Some pieces hurt by grubs or some insects m the ground. 
 
 C. Darling, Howard, Kent : An excellent crop, but the oats have been laid flat by the heavy rams. 
 
16 
 
 G. R. Langf ord, Camden, Kent : The grasshoppers are stripping the oats off the straw pretty badly, 
 near any woods, pasture fields, or fence sides. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : A fair crop, if the dry weather does not last too long. They 
 seemfto be ripening too fast ; I don't think they will fill well. 
 
 WiUiam Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Very good on low land, but short in the straw on high 
 land. ■ ■ ' 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Oats, like corn and barley, were prevented from making a vigorous 
 early growth owing to a late and cold spring, and too much cold weather during part of June. Still the 
 crop is fair. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Late rains have rushed them forward beyond expectations, 
 yesterday's rain (Aug. 4) made sad havoc among heavy oats ; east wind in the morning veered round to the 
 west in the afternoon with heavy showers, making the same whirl among the oats. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : A fearful lot of smut ; still the good heads seem large and appear to 
 be filling up. 
 
 B. Cooper, Howiok, Huron : ^ats are short except on strong ground ; probably the cause is that there 
 was a week of very dry hot weather. ■ 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron: The crop has been injured by the great heat and 
 drought of the past two weeks, ripening it too fast. , 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce : Very heavy straw ; most people say too much straw. If they fill out 
 well, plenty of pieces wiU yield 60 bushels per acre. 
 
 Wm. Irwin, Bentinck, Grey : A magnificent crop ; the late rains have done some damage by lodging. 
 
 Henry Atkey, Keppel, Grey : The oat crop of this season is beyond anything we have had for years. 
 
 Geo. McLean, Oro, Simcoe : Oats look well, but are badly beaten down by the storm of .the 3rd. 
 
 Andrew Robinson, McGillivray, Middlesex : Oats very good, but badly lodged, which will make the 
 crop difficult to harvest. 
 
 David Webster, Mosa, Middlesex : Great damage has been done to the oat crop by the grasshoppers. 
 
 H. MoDougaU, Guelph, Wellington (Aug. 14) : I have been over fifty years farming, and the storm of 
 the 3rd inst. was the most destructive I ever saw among heavy grain. All the heavy oats are down, and 
 how to cut them I do not knpw. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford ; The biggest crop all over I have ever seen. 
 
 William Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : One of the largest crops I have ever seen ; the greater part 
 was laid down quite flat on the 3rd ; a great part of it will not rise, and this will injure the quality and 
 make harvesting difficult. 
 
 James Wilson, Dumfries, Waterloo : Considerable injury is being done by grasshoppers ; I am afraid 
 by the time the crop is ripe there will be very few bats left on the stalks. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfieet, Wentworth : Like all spring cereals, oats promise to yield an abundant crop ■ 
 the season has been very favourable for all crops. 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Oats are a splendid crop, but they have been badly lodged and 
 tangled by the ram and wind storm of the 3rd inst.; and as they are prettv well filled large patches of them 
 will not nse, making them much more difficult to harvest. 
 
 R. M. Van Norman, North GwiUimbury, York : On the low lands oats are very heavy, but on the hieh 
 lands about an average. .■ ^ ■ o 
 
 , ^- C- Sibbald, M.D.; Georgina, York : In some places so rank that the storm of the 3rd inst. flattened 
 them as if they had been run over by a roller. The gale from the opposite direction afterwards raised them 
 a good deal. 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : Oats being late did not prosper in June owing to the drought. 
 However, July has much improved the crop, and it promises fairly good, though not up to last year. 
 
 ^JS Mallory Percy, Northumberland : A variable crop, some very heavy and some very Ught : cannot 
 accounc for the difference unless it may be in the preparation of the soil. > j e > 
 
 A. J. File, M.p AmeUasburgh, Prince Edward: Oats promise a fair crop. The late dry speU has 
 injured them a good deal, but they wiU recover since rain has fallen timely. 
 
 John Simpson Kingston, J^rontenac : Oats are all that can be desired ; probably the best oat crop this 
 township has seen for years. > c- j "==>. "«" y.i'jy i/mo 
 
 lateS™^' ■^''°'^' ^°"* Crosby, Leeds: Oats on high land a good crop, but much |)eaten down by the 
 .iieLS^eXL^f^i^lZ'StiX':' crop, though lodged pretty badly in places ; they are to a con- 
 is" earl^^^w^We^'^" ■^™''°"' ^^^"Sarry : A large quantity over that required for home consumption 
 W. R. Petrie, Russell, Russell : A good crop ; oats and hay are our principal crops here. 
 
 A. Schultz Sebastopol, Renfrew: Oats promise to be a good crop,fbut as they were mostly sown very 
 ate it IS hard to say what may happen yet. "i"»wy auwu very 
 
 J. G. CampbeU, Bathurst, Lanark : Will be an immense crop, but damaged considerably by lodging. 
 E. B. Prior, Sidney, Hastings: Capital prospects of an abundant crop if weather continues prosperous. 
 
17 
 
 Geo. W. Deller, Cardiff, Haliburton ; Not very ^ood owing principally, I think, to very late sowing — 
 altogether too late. A good many did not get them m till June. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton ; The dry, hot weather turned some of the straw yellowish 
 before the grain formed. The recent rain has benefitted them a good deal, and the crop laiy be fairly 
 estimated as an average. 
 
 Wm. Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria ; Oats are not very heavy. Only those that were put in early are 
 likely to be an average crop. Those that were put in late_have been affected by the dry weather, but if we 
 get some rain they may improve. l 
 
 John Bailey, Laxton, Victoria : Oats are very short. The last two weeks of hot and dry weather 
 brought them to maturity too quickly ; but the rains of the 3rd of August will cause them to fill well. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria ; Oats are a nice even crop, but the straw in general will be short 
 owing to dry weather. The yield and quality of grain are expected to be good. 
 
 James T). Smith, McLean, Muskoka ; Straw short except on new land. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monck, Muskoka : Very short straw ; tillered badly ; best crops are on dry land ; 
 showed sigps of premature ripeness before rain. 
 
 Frederick N. Toye, Draper, Muskoka : Look well, but are fully two weeks later than usual ; think they 
 will be sti-uok by frost before fully ripe, and that the grain will be light in consequence. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Beautiful crop ; stands high ; covered the stump bef or^ shoot- 
 ing ; no injury from any cause I know of. 
 
 Thomas Butler, Croft, Parry Sound : Oats have the appearance of being the leading crop this year- 
 very good indeed. 
 
 ' EYE. , 
 
 i 
 
 Eye appears to be steadily diminishing in favour with the great majority of the 
 farmers of Ontario. As a rule they find it to be less profitable than almost any other 
 crop they can raise, while it is very exhausting to the soil ; for these reasons it is becom- 
 ing gradually crowded off the better lands by other cereals which are in more general 
 demand. As, however, rye will thrive on poor, light or stony lands, which will sustain 
 - little else of value, it affords a means of utilizing these to some advantage. Throughout 
 western Ontario the great mass of the farmers do not grow rye at .all ; in the few excep- 
 tional cases where it is found, the cattle are generally turned into it for pasturage, or it 
 is cut while green for fodder. The %rain product of the rye crop comes almost wholly 
 from the easterly and north-easterly sections of the Province— from Northumberland 
 eastward and northward. This year rye has largely shared the fortunes of Avheat, though 
 it has apparently been much less afflicted by the prevailing pests. The reports vary all 
 the way from " very poor" to " very good." On the occasional patches where rye is 
 grown throughout the west it is pronounced an excellent crop. In the east it has suffered 
 considerably from winter-killing and from frosts and cold rains in May and June. These 
 influences have left the straw rather thin and short, but the heads are long and well filled. 
 The aggregate yield will probably show a fair average, and the general absence of rust 
 and insect pests leave the grain in a sound and healthy condition. Reaping began about 
 the same time as that of fall wheat, and has been performed under usually favourable 
 auspices. The yield of the crop is estimated at 1,299,234-bushels. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : One of my neighbours planted a corn field with rye last fall and 
 ploughed it under in the beginning of June, and has now as fine a field of beans as there is m the 
 townehixj. 
 
 Robert Green, Windham, Norfolk : Not very much sown, and that was in most cases sown on land not 
 considered fit for wheat. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : There is no rye grown in this section, or so Uttle that it is not 
 worthy of notice. The ground and seasons are favourable to the crop, and some large crops have been 
 grown in this county, but there seemed to be no market or demand for it. 
 
 Wm. Chantler, .Tecumseth, Simcoe : Rye sparse ; not required in Scott Act counties. 
 ' Charles James Fox, Delaware, Middlesex : None sown, except for pasture to plough under. 
 
 Eolph Forsyth, Pickering, Ontario : None grown in this section except for pasture on summer fallow. 
 
 Wm. Windatt, Darlington, Durham: A fine crop both of straw and grain; sown mostly on poor, 
 Ught soils. 
 
 2(B.L) 
 
18 
 
 C. A. Mallory, Percy, Northumberland : Wot so much grown as usual ; the less f»rown the better for 
 our farmers. I consider it the hardest crop with least profit we can raise. 
 
 James Lane, Denbigh, Addington : Rye very good, but thinned out somewhat by the winter. 
 
 T). MoPiarmid, M.D., Kenyon, Glangarry: In the neighbouring township of Koxborough, on lands 
 which have been exhausted by repeated cropping, a change in the crop has been introduced, rye being 
 rather extensively sown. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Never recovered from the cold rains and ice of the spring ; it is 
 a very light crop. 
 
 Daniel Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Fall rye, large area and excellent crop, now ready to 
 harvest ; spring rye promises well. 
 
 Frederick N. Toye, Draper, Muskoka : Rye crop good ; grown principally by the German settlers. 
 
 PEAS. 
 
 Farmers are fast returning to the cultivation of this crop, now that the ravages of the 
 bug have almost altogether ceased. At the time the reports were sent in to the Bureau peas 
 generally wanted from a week to ten days to be ready for cutting, but the general appear- 
 ance of the crop then indicated that it would be heavy both in straw and in yield of 
 grain. So far as could be ascertained at that time tliere were very few bugs to be seen, 
 and no appreciable injury was feared from this cause. Cut worms appeared in a few 
 places, but not to any serious extent. Peas have suffered somewhat from dry weather in 
 the counties of Norfolk and Haldimand, as well as in several of the counties bordering on 
 Lake Ontario, where dry weather set in before the plants liad attained su:^cien,t height to 
 shade the ground, and the crop matured too rapidly in consequence. On the other hand, 
 mildew appeared in some pl.ices where there was an excess of moisture. But these were 
 only exceptional cas(s. The tone of the great bulk of the reports gave strong hope of a 
 full cro]>, and with the increased acreage of this year it should give a large return. The 
 estimated yield is 15,400,520 bushels, .while last year the yield was only 13,691,607 bushels. 
 
 Ed. T. Watts, Zone, Kent : Peas promise to be a good crop ; no damage by weather, and very free 
 from insects, , 
 
 Matthew Martin, East Tilbury, Kent : A very good crop, and about tvrice as many sown as in former 
 years. 
 
 George A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : Badly injured by cut worms ; two-thirds of a crop is the best we 
 will have. / 
 
 J. D. Clement, Windham, Norfolk : Have been very much injured by the dry weather. 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : Generally good, but more bugs than last year. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton: Not many sown; a fair crop; not damaged. by insects as has been 
 the case in former years. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Not many sown here, the farmers preferring corn as a crop. 
 What we have look well, and they will make about an average crop. There are some bugs in them as usual. 
 Wm. MoArthur, Ashfield, Huron : Peas extra good ; not injured by the bug. 
 
 George Hess, Hay, Huron : There are more bugs than last year, but they are not so bad as former years. 
 There will be a heavy crop. 
 
 Daniel Sullivan, Brant, Bruce : Al everywhere ; the best crop for years. 
 
 John McCallum, Bentinck, Grey : One of the best crops ever harvested in this part. 
 
 Archibald Brown, Keppel, Grey : Peas look remarkably well, and should the weather continue favourable 
 until harvested will be the largest crop for years. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : A good crop ; more straw than last year, but the dry weather ripened 
 them rather fast ; many will be small in pod. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : A good crop on rolling and dry land, but sickly on level 
 damp soils. 
 
 Richard Jolliffe, North Dorchester, Middlesex: Better than for some years past. The vines are well 
 loaded, and a good old-fashioned crop is expected. 
 
 John Henderson, East Nissouri, Oxford : A very good crop ; better than we have had for eight or ten 
 years, and no bugs. 
 
 Duncan McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : A fine crop; bugs have apparently done little damage. 
 
19 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : A good crop, excepting on undrained and very heavy soils, where they 
 were scalded out. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Mostly sown late and m3,de a fine start, but have been hurried 
 forward so that the present prospect is' very poor. 
 
 David BeU, Beverley, Wentworth : Peas are much better than in formeryears. ' 
 
 M. Clements, Trafalgar, Halton : Peas a very fine crop, except on low and badly drained land. 
 Edward Dalton, Nelson, Halton : A good crop, but the blossom has been injured by the recent heat. 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousy, Peel,: Peas promise an excellent crop ; a large area sown ; no sign of pea 
 bug as yet. 
 
 D. James, Vaughan, York ; Hot weather ripened the crop rather too quickly ; some fields will be ready 
 to cut in a week. 
 
 N. A. Malloy, Vaughan, York : Appear to have been injured by excessive heat ; promise poorly. 
 
 John Willis, Whitby, Ontario ; Early sown peas are good ; those sown later" will be injured by drought 
 and hot weather ; no bugs. 
 
 Wm. Windatt, DarUngton, Durham : Generally a good crop, but have suffered some from the drought. 
 
 E. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland ; Some fields that were just commencing to blossom will be very 
 much injured by the drought. 
 
 John A. Sprague, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Peas are looking well, and many fields are now so far 
 advanced that they are certain of yielding an extra crop, but there is a large amount of late sowing and it 
 is hard to tell at this date how that part of the crop will be. 
 
 John Maloney, Doute, Peterborough : Peas promise to be abundant ; pods plentiful and filling well. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : Extra good, except on low land, where some have turned 
 yellow. I 
 
 Wm. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : Will be ripe in two weeks ; the prospect now is for the best crop in 
 twenty years. 
 
 Dr. McDiarmid, Kenyon, Glengarry : A large amount of straw with a good supply of pods ; no injury 
 from insects or weather ; crop yet green. 
 
 James Surch, South Plantagenet, Prescott : Not so many sown as usual ; a few fields are good, but 
 many fiplds on clay are yellow from too much rain andwon't be more than half' a crop. 
 
 John Stuart, McNab, Renfrew : A remarkably fine crop, and some early fields are ready for cutting. 
 
 Charles P. Eerguson, Carnarvon, Algoma : Peas looking well ; not injured by bugs or affected much by 
 drought. 
 
 CORN. 
 
 The season thus far has been by no means favourable to the corn crop, and its 
 present aspect is not encouraging. The conditions of climate appear to have been pretty 
 generally the same throughout the whole corn-growing belt of the Province ; complaints 
 of the same adversities come from all sections about equally. At the beginning of the 
 season t\ e crop got a very poor start. The spring was late and cold, which discouraged 
 planting, and nearly all fields after being planted were seriously shortened by deleterious 
 influences. Large quantities of seed failed to germinate, and rotted in the ground— a 
 circumstance which correspondents variously attribute to the use of bad seed, to the 
 operations of worms and grubs, and to the prevalence of cold and wet weather in May 
 and June. A good many fields made such a poor showing that they were ploughed up and 
 re-|)lanted with buckwheat or some other grain, or allowed to remain in fallow. The 
 growth of the corn fields was afterwards retarded somewhat by drought, so that the tenor 
 of the reports indicates the crop to be everywhere both late and light. This condition 
 must not be accepted as final, however. During the last two or three weeks the fin? warm 
 weather has stimulated a remarkably rapid recovery, and should the remainder of the 
 season until the period of maturity be equally favourable there is still a chance of a fair 
 yield of corn. The grain appears to be generally free from disease and unmolested by 
 insect pests, and the final result depends entirely on the weather from now until about 
 the middle of September. 
 
 Alex. M. Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex ;' On light lands it is good ; on low lands nearly a failure by 
 wet and cold. ( 
 
 W E , Wagstaff, Gosfield, Essex : Only a medium crop. There are some good pieces which show the 
 effect of giodS. 'a great deal of teed was bad, and the cut worm and the wire worm worked on the 
 early planted corn on sod and low ground not properly drained. 
 
 \ 
 
20 
 
 George Little, Sandwich East, Essex : The corn is very good where the seed was good. Many had to 
 plant the second time, which will make it late. It is looking well. 
 
 A. J. Campbell, Camden, Kent: In the early part of the season corn was considered a, failure; but 
 latterly, the weather being especially favourable, corn promises a good yield. 
 
 C. Darling, Howard, Kent : In poor condition on account of poor seed and a backward, cold season ; 
 also, will be damaged by the heavy rain of August 3rd. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : In many places almost a failure through wet weather imme- 
 diately after ijlanting, afterwards by insects. 
 
 ^ W. Mackenzie Ross, Harwich, Kent : Never saw better at this season ; ten to fifteen feet high, and in 
 tassel on 1st of August. 
 
 George M. Baird, Harwich, Kent : Corn, on account of early dry weather, was at one time expected to 
 be a failure, but the late rains and hot weather have changed the outlook, and it will, I think, be a two- 
 thirds crop. ' ■ • ' 
 
 M. Payne, Yarmouth, Elgin : Looks very well now, but a great deal around here had to be planted 
 twice and three times over. 
 
 Samuel MaoCoU, Dunwich, Elgin : The beginning of the season was] very unfavourable, the nights being 
 cold ; but lately the crop has improved wonderfully and may show a fair yield. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : If the frost stays off until about the 10th of September the late 
 corn will be good ; all early planted com will be very good. 
 
 Prospej' Winskel, Windham, Norfolk : Corn promises well where good seed was planted. Some planted 
 seed that was injured by the winter, and the land had to be planted over again or sown with other grain. 
 
 E. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : The corn crop is the worst I have ever seen in this locality — very late 
 and unpromising. 
 
 Wm. Young, Plympton, Lambton : Many fields were ploughed up on account of cut worm. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : The early part of the season was cold and wet. However, since 
 the hot weather'set in the corn has improved beyond expectation. 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : There seemed to be a defect in the seed last spring. 
 
 Archibald Mclntyre, Brooke, Lambton : No great area planted since the disappearance of the pea bug. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : A large proportion of what was planted failed to come up on 
 account of poor seed and cold, wet weather at planting time. A good many pieces were planted twice, and 
 afterwards had to be re-seeded with millet and Hungarian grass. 
 
 Archibald Thomson, Orillia, Simcoe : Any corn that is grown in this section is poor and backward. 
 The seed was not good ; it seemed to have got frost last fall, or was heated in the shock. 
 
 Charles James Fox, Delaware, Middlesex : Corn suffered from frost in some places. The cold nights 
 during June kept it very backward, but during July it has made a great growth, and now there may be a 
 good crop. " 
 
 Wm. Watcher, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Generally a failure ; too much rain and cold weather : a 
 good share ploughed up ; some patches on light favourable soil a fair crop ; where there is one good piece 
 there are half-a-dozen bad ones. 
 
 R. Coad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Corn suffered greatly for a while from cold weather. It has gained 
 ground wonderfully since the hot weather came. If there is a long summer it may make near an average. 
 
 .Tames A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex: The com crop is very backward. Still, if it gets good 
 weather in the fall to ripen it there will be a good crop, as it has escaped its feathered and insect foes better 
 than usual. 
 
 S. C. Tuttle, East Oxford, Oxford : Much better than was expected. The weather was very unfavoura- 
 ■ ble in the early part of the season ; of late it has grown very rapidly, but will not be more than half 
 a crop. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, South Grimsby, Lincoln : The com crop wall be light on account of continued cold 
 wet weather after planting, which caused considerable to rot and to be ploughed up.' There is now and then 
 a fair piece of corn, but the majority looks backward and sickly. 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : On rich land well drained it is good, though the cold wet weather 
 in sprinR prevented its rapid growth. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworthc About half the com planted failed to come, on account of bad 
 seed, it having been frozen in the cribs. Very late spring ; com did poorly untU the last mouth ; many 
 fields below the mountaifi look very fine now ; on the whole, a short crop. 
 
 Wm. Macklin, Haldimand, Northumberland : Corn not much raised, but the crop is backward— cause, 
 cold at planting time and frosts on the iiights of the 22nd and 23rd of June. Maldng rapid growth now, 
 under the influence of the great heat of late. 
 
 •J. Benson, Ameliasburg, Prince Edwkrd: The wet, backward spring has retarded the growth of corn, 
 but now that dry warm weather has set in the prospect seems brighter, and we may now anticipate good 
 returns if fall frosts do not injure. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : Owing to bad seed, corn did not come up well. Then the 
 extreme wet checked the growth, and it is only just beginning to push on now. Growing rapidly at present. 
 On high ground prospects fair. 
 
 Thos. McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : On high, warm land, corn is good, and just the opposite on 
 low, wet lands. 
 
21 
 
 Hugh McDiarmid, Roxborough, Stormont : A good crop where planted on sod, hut very backward 
 where planted on stubble land. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Ulengarry : Very little planted this year on account of the cold, backwarii 
 season. The season has been altogether too wet and cold for corn. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : Some western corn grown for fodder looks well. 
 
 BEANS. 
 
 Beans are a very small and exceptional crop in Ontario. Kent is the only county 
 where they are now extensively cultivated as a field crop. In a few other localities which 
 are in the vicinity of lumber districts the demands of the shanties make them a profit- 
 able product ; but with these exceptions beans are an insignificant crop, farmers 
 usually contenting themselves with raising in their gardens only, enough for domestic or 
 local consumption. The reports this season indicate tfie bean crop as generally looking 
 well, and giving promise of an abundant yield. Some of the flat lands of Kent have 
 been flooded considerably by recent rains, which have raised some apjirehensions, but in 
 spite of this drawback it is expected that the return will be a good one, both as to 
 quantity and quality. 
 
 Mathew Martin, Tilbury East, Kent : Beans promise to be an abundant crop, and a great many acres 
 have been planted on account of the failure of corn.' / 
 
 C. DarUng, Howard, Kent : Beans weie in fine condition up to the night of Aug. 2, but the heavy 
 rains of the .3rd will have the effect of drowning them out on low land ; but the crop will average from 20 to 
 25 bushels per acre. 
 
 George M. Baird, Harwich, Kent : Beans promised extra well at one time, but-the excessive rains of 
 late have scalded them and injured the prospects of the crop one-third. The late beans will be the best 
 crop; large acreage planted. 
 
 Peter Stalker, Aldborough, Elgin : Beans, although not extensively raised in the township, are looking 
 well. In fact so far beans are better looking than I ever remember seeing them. 
 
 James MeCullough, Uxbridge, Ontario: Beans are not cultivated to any extent, though the land 
 in this township is adapted for them. 
 
 ^James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Not nearly so much planted as last year, probably on account of 
 want of demand and low price of the article. 
 
 James Findlay, Westmeath, Renfrew : Very good prospects. Qonsiderable sown— white beans for use 
 in shanties for pork and beans. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monck, Muskoka : Been tried too often — frost. 
 
 James D. Smith, McLean, Muskoka : Very few raised here ; they are considered a risky crop. 
 
 Henry W. Gill, Watt, Muskoka : Have promise of an abundant crop ; are exceptionally well loaded. 
 
 Charles P. Ferguson, Carnarvon, Algoma : Very few grown ; too much frost, excepting in high 
 localities. 
 
 HAY AND CLOVER. 
 
 The hay crop is on the whole a fair average one in point of yield per acre, and in 
 the quality "of the product, as harvested and secured, it is above the average. On old 
 meadows, and especially on low and heavy soils, there was considerable damage from 
 winter and spring frosts, which heaved out the plants and left the fields thin and uneven. 
 Newly seeded fields escaped comparatively from this casualty, and under the influence of 
 frequent showers and warm sunstine they presented a good appearance when the time of 
 hay harvest arrived. Timothy was generally a good crop, though unusually hite in get- 
 ting its growth and coming to maturity ; indeed the backwardness of the season at the 
 opening put haying operations generally from one to two weeks behind the usual date. 
 The weather during the main part of the haying season was exceptionally favourable. A 
 few of the .earlier cut fields were injured by the rain of July 12th and 13th, hut cutting 
 did not become general till after that time, and there were no later storms worth speaking 
 of till the hay crop in all except the extreme northern districts was all safely housed. 
 It was too early, at the date of this report, to speak with any degree of certainty about 
 
22 
 
 the clover seed crop, but correspondents write very discouragingly of the prospect so far 
 as red clover is concerned. The first, or June brood, of the clover midge appeared in 
 strong force, and wrought a good deal of damage to the clover hay crop, and there is 
 general fear that nothing will save the seed crop from serious damage, if not complete 
 destruction, by the second brood of this pest, which usually comes out in August. To 
 make the prospect still worse, hay cutting was unusually late in the season, and dry 
 weather following the second crop has made but poor growth. The expedient of allowing 
 the clover to grow for seed after having pastured it for a few weeks in the early part of 
 the season appears so far to be the only one that is likely to be in any measure suc- 
 cessful, and wherever it has been adopted there is a fair prospecb of securing some return. 
 By this plan the second growth of clover has a start of several weeks ahead of the ordinary 
 second cro^ after haying, and the seed is so well matured before the second brood of the 
 midge arrives that it generally escapes any serious injury. The Alsike variety of clover, 
 the first cutting of which is taken for seed, has given a good yield both of hay and seed, 
 and only one correspondent speaks of any injury to this clover by the midge. The bulk 
 of the clover crop is grown in western Ontario. In the eastern part of the Province its 
 growth has beeii found to be so precariou.s, owing to winter and spring frosts, that in 
 maxij localities it is being gradually replaced by timothy and other grasses. The total 
 yield of meadows this year is estimated at 3,252,155 tons. 
 
 S. McGee, Maiden, Essex : Prospect for clover seed not very good ; grasshoppers destroyed the flower 
 and seed. 
 
 Mathew Martin, Tilbury East, Kent : Clover crop in this loftality was large and saved in first-class 
 order. 
 
 C. Darling, Hfoward, Kent : Hay was a good crop and was well secured ; prospect of crop of seed 
 poor. 
 
 W. y. Emery, Bayham, Elgin : There was a fair average crop of hay ; say, IJ tons per acre. Haying 
 weather was fine, and the ciO[i was secured in first-class condition. Seed crop looks promising now, but too 
 Boon to tell with certainty. 
 
 G. E. Fitzgerald, Rainham, Haldimand: Clover on old meadows froze to death in winter; pastured 
 seed will be light ; too dry, and no second crop. 
 
 John H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : Hay crop good, uninjured by drought or frost, and saved 
 in first-class order. jProspect for seed clover is good, especially Alsike clover, which is well fiUed. Prospect 
 for a seeding of young clover not so good. 
 
 E. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Clover is badly injured by the clover midge ; no seed, I should judge. 
 
 John A. Ramsden, Humberstone, Welland : Hay crop was good in this locality. The clover that was 
 pastured in the beginning of the season, and afterwards allowed to grow for seed, looks well. 
 
 John McFarlane, Sarnia, Lambton : Hay crop very good ; no frost or drought to hurt it, and there was 
 good weather for haying ; prospect for clover seed must be good. 
 
 Geo. Dewar, Plympton, Lambton : Hay and clover were both good crops, and were secured in good 
 condition. Prospects of seed clover crop not good, owing to drought. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Prospect for clover seed poor, on account of recent dry weather and 
 the midge. 
 
 Henry Doupe, Usbome, Huron : Hay and clover a pretty fair crop, and secured in good condition ; no 
 prospect of any seed clover in this neighbourhood that I can hear of, owing to the midge. 
 
 Samuel Piatt, Colborne, Huron : Hay crop excellent and saved without injury ; prospect of seed not 
 very good on account of the very dry weather. 
 
 John Douglas, Arran, Grey : Hay crop was damaged considerably by frost in spring and drought after- 
 wards. Weather during haying was fine, and crop secured in first-class order. A poor* prospect for a 
 seed crop. 
 
 C. JulyaA, Sarawak, Grey : Drought and frost early in the season hurt the crop somewhat, but copious 
 showers in the latter part of June revived it very much, making the yield a full average one. The seed 
 crop appears, so far, to be good. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey ; On an average hav was perhaps somewhat lighter than usual, though 
 there were some very good meadows. Cold, wet weatiier early in spring and frosts in June injured it to 
 some extent. The haying season was rather late, commencing about the middle of July. Weather was 
 favoxirable, and the Vop has been secured in splendid condition. No seed clover grown here. 
 
 Michael Coyle, Sunnidale, Simcoe : Hay has been an extra light crop here, on account of the hard frost 
 and too much rain in the spring ; haying weatl^er pretty good. 
 
23 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simooe ; Yield of clover and timothy somewhat diminished by late spring 
 frosts, wmoh cheeked the growth. The weather for haymaking has been very favourable, and the crop is 
 secured in good condition. Some fields in this township have been badly damaged by an insect destroying 
 the clover heads, there being scarcely a flower to be seen. If it attacks the second crop there will be a poor 
 lookout for seed. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Sinicoe : Clover is poor and thin on the ground ; there has been no seed here 
 for several years past ; it never blossoms. 
 
 C. J. Tox, Delaware, Middlesex : On the whole the hay has been well saved ; the second growth of 
 clover is good, and should produce a good crop of seed. 
 
 Thos. Beckton, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Timothy hay will average two tons per acre ; cannot say as to the 
 seed prospects at this stage. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : The probabilities are that clover for seed will not be worth 
 threshing. 
 
 Wm. Doxigl&s, Onondaga, Brant : The quality of the hay crop was very good, and it was secured in 
 good order. The prospect for clover seed is very poor here. 
 
 Charles Nicklin, Pilkingtou, Wellington : Meadows in their first year were very good, yielding from 
 two to three tons per acre ; other cuttings light ; most of the hay secured in good condition. No seed clover 
 grown here ; clover midge bad on the first growth. 
 
 Henry Liersch, Wilmot, Waterloo : Hay good and mostly well housed ; clover seed is likely to be 
 scarce, owing to midge ; timothy seed likely to be plentiful and of good quality. 
 
 Joseph Watts, Grimsby, Lincoln : Bulk of hay secured in fine order ; large quantity of Alsike clover 
 left for seed, and it is well loaded ; too dry for a second crop. 
 
 John Jackson, Gaistor, Lincoln : Poor prospect for seed from common red clover on account of midge. 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : Hay crop good ; early cuttings impaired by rain, but later the 
 weather was fine and a great deal was secured in prime condition ; no plover seed— Jl destroyed by the 
 midge. 
 
 Arch'd McKinnon, Caledon, Peel : Spring frosts killed the clover, but there was a good crop of timothy ; 
 clover seed crop looks promising. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York : Quality of hay crop from fair to good ; frost and cold spring weather 
 damaged the timothy very seriously, but new meadows were good. Early cut hay was damaged considerably 
 by rainy weather ; that which was later out was secured in first-class order. The blossom of the red clover 
 was entirely destroyed by the clover midge, and the second crop is not likly to be any better. Alsike will 
 produce a fair crop of seed. 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brook, Ontario : Alsike promises well, but red clover will be a failure here as the 
 late spring caused late hay harvest, and the second brood of weevil fly will destroy the prospects of seed. 
 
 John Moore, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward: Old, meadows were much hurt by the winter and spring 
 frosts. 
 
 Fred. Membery, Adolphustown, Lennox : Hay crop very large, but more than half spoiled in harvesting 
 by heavy rains. No clover seed here ; weevil destroys it always. 
 
 Thomas Briggs,, Kingston, Frontenac : Hay and clover crops are good ; no injury done during winter. 
 
 A. Harkness, Matilda, Dundas : Meadows were winter killed in spots, but the weather was favourable 
 during the whole of the growing season. It has been so wet during haying season that fields are soft in low 
 places, and operations have been delayed and the hay injured. We raise no clover seed in this township. 
 
 P. Gareau, Plantaganet, Prescott : Hay about two-thirds of a crop ; injured by cold and drought at 
 beginning of the season ; clover killed by winter frost. 
 
 W. O. Riddle, March, Garleton : We have no clover at all ; the frost in spring and drought in June 
 killed it. 
 
 Amos Hawkins, Eldon, Victoria : A medium hay crop ; rather badly hurt by spring frosts ; secured in 
 splfndid condition. For seed, Alsike will give the best yield for years, but red is a complete failure owing 
 to weevil. 
 
 J M Dnimmond, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Hay a fair crop, and the bulk of it was secured in good con- 
 dition. Clover that Was pastured and turned off from the 15th to the 20th of June made a good growth, 
 and the heads are well filled with plump seed, but the weevil is hard at work m it -from three to six of the 
 'critters '-to a head— and there will be nothing on what was mowed even as early as the JOth ot June. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : Hay crop very light ; both grass and clover roots badly 
 killed out by the extra severe weather in winter and early spring. Clover has been so badly killed out that 
 there will be little if any seed raised here. 
 
 James D. Smith, McLean, Muskoka i The grass was damaged and killed in the spring in low lying 
 places ; weather splendid and hay secured in good condition ; very little clover seed is raised here ; there ha« 
 been a large quantity of Hungarian grass grown on account of shortage m hay crop. 
 
 V 
 
24 
 
 ROOTS. 
 
 The condition of the root crop is variously reported upon. With respect to potatoes, 
 though a few localities complain of drought and hot weather, the reports on tho whole 
 speak of this crop as being unusually promising in appearance. In some localities, and 
 particularly in the Lake Erie district, the earlier plantings w6re set back by the dry 
 weather which prevailed in the beginning of the season, and the yield from such is some- 
 what diminished tkereby ; but the main part of the crop was nioi'e fortunate in having 
 the benefit of frequent showers during the summer. The old enemy of the potato— the 
 Colorado beetle — has appeared as numerously as ever ; indeed some correspondf-nts say 
 they never saw this/pfst in such numbers before; but th^; prompt application of Paris 
 green was found sufficient to prevent any serious injury. Many potato growers, however, 
 neglected to give timely attention to this matter, and their crops will only be from one- 
 fourth to one half an average yield in consequence. The reports of the turnip crop are 
 not very promising, taking the Province as a whole. The turnip fly seems to have been 
 exceptionally ^persistent in its attacks, and there was not sufficient rain immediately after 
 sowing to give the young plants a proper start. Even the plan generally adopted of re- 
 sowing at a later pez-iod in the hope of ultimately escaping the fly did not generally 
 succeed, and the result was that many fields that were set apart for turnips had to be 
 devoted to fallow, for wheat in the fall. A gratifying.exception to this discouraging con- 
 dition of things, however,is found in portions of the great turnip growing counties of Wel- 
 lington and Waterloo, where the fly was less troublesome, and there was less moisture. 
 Throughout this district there is a prospect of a good crop of roots. The reports from 
 the corresponding root growing area of the eastern part of the Province — the county of 
 Ontario — show that at best turnips will be a poor crop owing to the ravages of the-fly. 
 Leaving out the two counties first mentioned, the best conditions of weather for the 
 remainder of the season can avail little for the turnip crop generally, because of the small 
 area which survi\ed through the season. Mangolds are not extensively grown, though 
 one or two correspondents say they are superseding turnips in their paiticular localities. 
 The mangold crop gives fair jiromise. One correspondent only, from the township of 
 Proton, makes mention of the worm which threatened this crop last year. The cultivation 
 of carrots is confined principally to gardens, and occasional small patches of the White 
 Belgian variety for stock feeding. Carrots were attacked by grasshopper.s in some localities 
 early in the season, but generally there is promise of a fair crop. 
 
 I). R. Davis, North Colchester, Essex : Potatoes are splendid ; bugs appeared, but a little care at the 
 .start prevents serions damage ; other roots not extensively grown. ' 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Orford, -Kent : Potatoes looking pretty well except where dama|-ed by bugs ; about 
 one-third of the crop appears to be eaten by them, lurnips are small as yet. Mangolds and carrots are 
 loolfuig well, and I think they will be an average crop. 
 
 John L. Sherk, South Dorchester, Elgin : Potatoes look well ; not many turnips gro%vn ; mangolds and 
 carrots are late, but look well ; think they will be an average crop. 
 
 Peter Stalker, Aldborough, Elgin : Potatoes are not as large in the tops as usual— caused, I think by 
 lack of ram and the ra,vages of bugs; never had bugs in such numbers. Turnips are not raised to any 
 extent m this locality, but what I see look well. 
 
 Charles V»'alker, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Potatoes promise half a crop; hurt by the bug and dry 
 weather ; other roots nearly a failure from drought. 
 
 John H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand ; Potatoes will not be a third of a crop • bugs are worse this 
 year than ever were known, a,nd there has been lack of rain. There will be no turnips on account of the 
 fiy. Mangolds and carrots will be a fair crop, but not so good as last year owing to dry weather. 
 
 F. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : The root crop is looking well. The rain of last week has given 
 turnips and mangolds quite a fresh appearance, and late potatoes have also been greatly benefited by 
 recent showers. 
 
 John A. Ramsden, Humberstone, Welland ; Potatoes, mangolds and carrots look well, but the fly has 
 entirely destroyed some fields of turnips. 
 
 George M. Everest, Plympton, Lambton : Roi>ts will be excellent ~ above an average — excepting 
 Swedes — which will be small in this section on account of the fly. r o 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : Potatoes have the appearance of being a rather light crop— certainly 
 nothing hke equal to that of last year, wliich was very abundant. A good many growers are careless this 
 season, and are not giving them proper attention, so that they are being greatly injured by the bug. 
 
25 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron ; Potatoes look fairly well ; turnips a failure, on account 
 of fly ; mangolds and carrots look well, but all roots are a little backward on account of the hot, dry weather 
 of tlie last two weeks. 
 
 G. E. Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : Potatoes look better than they have done for several years, and 
 there is every indication of a large yield. More than one-half of the turnips ploughed down, on account of 
 the fly. Mangolds a good crop ; carrots look fairly well. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Potatoes promise to be ^ood, but there a good many bugs. Turnips will 
 be a good crop where put in properly. At the time of sowmg the weather was very dry and the fly attacked 
 the ^ants, but recently we have had abundant raii^, which almost ensure the root crop. Carrots and 
 mangolds not much grown. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : Potatoes doing well ; comparatively free from bugs. Season too dry for 
 ■ turnips, and the young plants have suffered much from the fly. 
 
 Wm. Lang, Sydenham, Grey : Potatoes and carrots are good, but the turnip crop is almost a complete 
 failure on account of the fly. Not many mangolds grown here, but what there are look well. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : Great prospects for potatoes. Where turnip fields were fortunate to 
 have escaped the fly they promise well, but a good many were sown two or three times over and did not 
 escape. 
 
 Geo. Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Potatoes growing well. Bugs are as bad as ever and eternal vigilance is 
 the price of a good crop. Turnips have suffered badly from the fly ; some scarcely worth thinning and some 
 will be ploughed up. Mangolds and carrots good ; in some localities some of the mangolds were cut at the 
 root by a grub. 
 
 Geo. Sneath, Vespra, Simooe : The frequent rains we have been favoured with during the summer have 
 been the making of the root crop, turnips excepted. Potatoes, in particular, promise to be a heavy crop. 
 The bug has been-far less troublesome than usual. Mangolds and carrots are doing well and promise to yield 
 heavily. The fly has destroyed the turnip crop ; a good many farmers, after two or three sowings, have given 
 them up in disgust. 
 
 Chas. J. Fox, Delaware, Middlesex : Potato crop fine where protected from the ravages of beetles, which 
 are more numerous than ever. There are hardly any turnips sown ; mangolds are largely taking their place 
 and are looking well. Carrots not largely grown. 
 
 John Henderson, Bast Nissouri, Oxford : Potatoes will be a splendid crop where the bugs were kept off. 
 I never saw the bugs so numerous as this year. Turnips are a complete failure, the fly having eaten off both 
 those that were sown early and those that were sowii late. 
 
 Fred. jrVxon, Onondaga, Brant : Grasshoppers are eating the .carrots very badly, never heard of the like 
 before ; potatoes, turnips and mangolds very good. 
 
 R. Ballantyne, Downie, Perth : The fly has been worse on turnips this year than I have ever seen it 
 before. 
 
 Prof. Brown, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph : Mangolds and turnips look well ; turnips were con- 
 siderably damaged by fly. Much moisture is favouring roots. 
 
 James Cross Peel, Wellington : Root crops look well now ; potatoes, turnips and mangolds promise 
 good crops and carrots also appear good. At present no insect except the potato bug appears to have injured 
 them. , 
 
 James Wilson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Potatoes promise to be a good crop; turnips brairded very 
 nicely, but since thinning they have not done so well ; the fly was also numerous and mjurious. i otato bugs 
 have been, if anything, thicker than Sver. 
 
 Richard Blair, North Dumfries, Waterloo: Prospects good for both turnips and mangolds. 
 Isaac A. Merritt, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Potatoes bid fair to be a medium crop, though the bugs 
 have been quite numerous. Turnips are doing very well ; on light soils they have been injured to some extent 
 by the fly. * 
 
 ' Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Boot crops in this section look well. J"tj't°e|;/?fp'-^"/' f^^^ 
 large top and firomise an abundant yield. Bugs were as numerous as ever, but a dose of Paris Green settled 
 them, turnips were considerably injured by the fly, but with favourable weather may be an average crop. 
 Scarcely any mangolds or carrots grown. 
 
 Joseph D. Davidson, North Gwillimbury, York : Potatoes promise a good crop and turnips are looking 
 well, though the fly has been pretty severe on them; the recent showers, however, have put them out of 
 danger. 
 
 R. C. Van Norman, North Gwillimbury, York : Turnips poor ; nearly all destroyed by flies. 
 V Hode-es West Whitby, Ontario : Potatoes are a good crop. Turnips are not looking well, but with 
 a few showe?rwrmighThrve a Fair crop ; mangolds and'carrots good. The turnip fly did the crop a deal of 
 harm and potato bugs were very savage this season. 
 
 C A Mallory, Percy, Northumberland: Potatoes doing well; the beetle is worse this year than usual, 
 but it 'is checked^y the use of Paris Green. Turnips, the largest root crop grown here, look well 
 
 Paul C. Van Horn, HiUier, Prince Edward : Potatoes very much injured by the bug ; what few turnips 
 are sown here have been destroyed by the fly. 
 
 Fred N Foye, Draper, Muskoka : Potatoes and turnips promise well ; mangolds and carrots not grown 
 to any extent ; early planted potatoes badly affected by the beetles. 
 
26 
 
 FRUIT TREES AND ERUIT. 
 
 Exceedingly varying reports are given of the season's fruit crop, not merely as to 
 districts but as to counties and townships, and in some cases as to farms in the same 
 township. The whole range of variations from abundance to scarcity is often found in 
 one- county. The preponderance of testimony is, however, unfavourable ; the year is a 
 decidedly lean one for the most important fruit products. 
 
 As the May report of the Bureau indicated, the extreme severity of last winter greatly 
 injured the orchards in northern counties ; but the full extent of the damage from this 
 cause had not at that time manifested itself. Hundreds of trees that put on their foliage 
 and even blossomed in sound condition, so far as could be observed, afterwards withered and 
 died from no other apparent cause than impaired vitality induced by the rigors of the 
 winter. Nor was the disaster confined to any particular kind of fruit ; all trees — apples, 
 pears, peaches, plums and cherries— appeared to suffer alike ; and even some of the 
 hardier varieties of apple trees succumbed, indeed more or less of the orohnrds of Ontario 
 were left in poor condition to show a good aggregnte return. 
 
 Of course, this is the " off-year," for apples, our moht important and merchantable 
 fruit. Having borne unusually heavily last year, the trees would naturally this year 
 bear less in order to renew their strength. On the whole, therefore, the crop is a deficient 
 one. There -vfill probably be sufficient apples in the Province as a whole for home con- 
 sumption ; and the Counties of Essex, Kent, Lambton, Huron, Middlesex, York, Prince Ed- 
 ward, Frontenac, Leeds and Grenville report small surpluses for export. But if the fruit 
 is deficient in quantity, there is some compensation in the universally reported fact that 
 it is excellent in quality. Only occasionally is any mention made of injury from the codling 
 moth or other noxious insects. The great bulk of the apples are clean, and free from spot 
 or flaw of any kind. 
 
 In the Niagara peninsula and in most parts of the peninsula formed by Lake Huron 
 and Lake Erie, as well as in the counties of Northumberland and Prince Edward, there 
 will be a fair yield of pears of first-rate quality ; but in every other part of the Province 
 the supply is extremely limited. This fruit is only very slightly and very tentatively 
 cultivated in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa and East Midland districts. 
 
 In peaches the general failure of last year is repeated. The reports are a unani- 
 mous lament of winter-killing and barrenness. Many of what were a few years ago tine 
 pea^h-growing localities now contain hundreds of peach trees standing dead. Only a 
 few fields on the Niagara peninsula will afford even a small yield. Young trees, how- 
 ever, wht-re p'anted, are making a successful growth of wood. 
 
 Blajk knot on cherry trees, and Vjlack knnt and curculio on plums, have made sad 
 havoc of these fruits during the last few years. In many parts of western Ontario 
 where they were both successfully cultivated, they are now almost wholly abandoned in 
 despair. The result is that the yield of cherries and plums throughout the whole of the 
 western peninsula is this season nearly nil. From the Lal^e Ontario, the St. Lawrence 
 and Ottawa and.the East Midlanl districts, in spite of the combined assaults of bl:ick 
 knot, curculio and frosts, a good crop of plums, and a moderate crop of cherries — the 
 common re 1 variety almost exclusively — are reported. The ravages of both the curculio 
 and black kno& have been less extensive in these districts than they have been farther 
 west. 
 
 It is somewhat remarkable that the winter which was so de.structive of fruit trees 
 appears to have p ssed hariiile.ssly over the grape vines ; and, as the summ' r season has 
 been quite favourable! to growth, the vineyards of the Province everywhere hold out the 
 prospect of an immense product of grapes. "They promise the heaviest crop on record," 
 says a correspondent in the township of Saltfieet (VVentworth), and the same is true of 
 nearly every other part of Ontario where grapes are grown. I;' auspicious weather pre- 
 vail until maturity, there will be an excellent crop of this luscious fruit to partially com- 
 pensate for the failure in other directions. 
 
 All small fruits have been equally, or if po-^sible, more plentiful — strawberries and 
 raspberries especially so. Several correspondents state that the supply of these berries 
 was so great that they were a drug on the market.^ In the sparcely settled dibtric s of 
 
27 
 
 l^orthern Ontario wild fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries and huckleberries, grew in 
 profuse abundance, but, as is the case every year, they went to waste for want of 
 gatherers. 
 
 The summer season, being on the whole cool and moist, has been highly favourable 
 to the recovery of the orchards from the loss of last winter, and the trees which have 
 survived are generally ii^ a sound and thrifty condition, and are making a vigorous growth 
 of wood for next year. 
 
 Robert Manery, Meraea, Essex : The codling moth, I think, is the Worst this season I ever saw it. It 
 seems to be the worst on early apples. 
 
 W. B. Wagstaff, Gosfield, Essex : Almost all the red currant bushes halve been eaten by the saw-fly. 
 
 W. Mackenzie Ross, Harwich, Kent : I have six baskets of the loveliest apples at the market to-day — 
 ripe without a spot or worm : I never saw better ; they are Russian varieties, of which I have fifteen sorts of 
 the most beautiful kinds. 
 
 Robt. Gumming, Harwich, Kent : The season seems to have been very favourable to the growth of fruit 
 trees. 
 
 Lawrence Tape, Orford, Kent : Cherries are almost a total failure. The trees came put in good bloom, 
 but the blows soon went off. I think the trees were hurt with the severe frost in winter. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : The tree fruits of all kinds will be scarce, but small fruits were very 
 plenty and will take the place of other fruit to a great extent. 
 
 George Cruise, Walsingham, Norfolk : The apple crop varies in different sections. Our own harvest 
 apple trees are fairly breaking down vrith their load of fruit. The Talman's Sweet trees are loaded. In some 
 other orchards the winter apples will be plentiful and the harvest apples scarce. Generally the apple crop 
 is below the average. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Sarnia, Lambton : R. Wilkie, Lake Shore, has not had any plums for some years. This 
 year he syringed the trees with Paris Greer^, and is, going to have a large crop. The curcuho does not seem 
 to like it. ' 
 
 Geo. M. Everest, Plympton, Lambton ; Trees are looking well ; black knot appears to be disappearing 
 from this locality. 
 
 James LoveU, Brooke, Lambton: The strawberry crop was good, but I notice for the first time this 
 seasonthattheplantsarebeingattackedby some disease or insect. Some varieties escaped, while others 
 were almost destroyed. The one most injured was Captain Jack, while the Sharpless and the Colonel 
 Cheney, growing alongside, were uninjured. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Plums are good where attended to, but where not attended to 
 they were destroyed by the curculio and are a total loss. Black knot is getting worse every year. 
 
 Alex. MoD. AH.™, Goderioh, Huron : Plums are the largest crop we have had for years, there being 
 scarcely any trouble from curculio * * * The tent caterpillar has appeared during the past three weeks, 
 but has been overcome easily. Trees are looking healthy, and, besides perfecting a good crop, are hkely to 
 be in a good position in ripened wood and perfect buds for the winter., 
 
 Henry Doupe, Usbome, Huron : There is a scarcity of fruit in this neighbourhood. Apple blossoms got 
 injured by the frost about the last of May. 
 
 G. Fortune, Turyberry, Huron : Apple trees look generally healthy, but quite a few died from the effect, 
 aa I think, of the yery dry time we had last summer and the severe winter. 
 
 Robt. Russell, Greenock, Bruce : The most of the plum trees are dead, and since sending in my last 
 report a great many apple trees have died, principally Baldwins and Greenings. I he bark splits at the 
 crotch and then the tree dies. ^ 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : A great' number of young apple and plum trees wilted and died this 
 season. 
 
 John Douglas, Arran, Bruce: A great number of apple trees were killed by tho extreme frost in the 
 winter. A great many never leafed out, and many died after leafing. The loss m this section in that way 
 this year is more than in all other years put together. 
 
 Wm. Lang, Sydenham, Grey : The fruit crop is very poor this year, and trees badly injured by winter 
 fost in many places. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : Plum trees did not get over the shock they got two years ago, the old 
 trees being all killed. However, young trees are coming on and bearing a few. 
 
 Archibald Brown, Keppel, Grey : The fruit trees in this section were severly injured last winter by the 
 frost, especially Baldwins and Rhode Island Greenings. 
 
 Geo. Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Apple trees when leafed out showed signs of being, severely winter killed. 
 Many young trees and even old ones were killed outright, and many more were partially killed. 
 
 Geo. Buskin, Artemesia, Grey : The bark on apple trees loosens and the tree withers and dies. 
 
 Geo, Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : Quite a number of apple, plum .and cherry trees have died this summer, 
 it is supposed through the effects of the hard winter. 
 
28 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Simcoe : Large numbers of fruit trees, especially apple trees, were destroyed by 
 the severe winter, which was exceptionally disastrous for orchards. 
 
 Wni. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : Bartlett pear trees almost killed. Flemish Beauties stood the winter 
 well. 
 
 0. Jarvis, Brantford, Brant : Fruit trees and vines have stood the winter first rate ; only the mice have 
 done much damage by girdling many young trees, but that can be remedied by early attention in most 
 cases.. ' ' 
 
 Wm. Douglas, Onondaga, Brant ; Our apple orchards are all doomed. Mine have been dying for two 
 •r three years. In an orchard of 75 trees I shall not have eight barrels of apples. 
 
 R. Hayward, Arthur, Wellington : There will not be as much fruit as will be needed for home use. 
 Black knot has ruined most of the plum and cherry trees. 
 
 John Black, Eramosa, Wellington : Fruit of all kinds very scarce ; trees dying in great numbers. 
 
 Daniel Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : The high winrls that prevailed when fruits were setting did a 
 great injury to apples, pears, plums and cherries, and the blossoms were nearly all blown off, which will 
 cause a scarcity of these fruits. 
 
 E. I). Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : The canker worm was bad on apple trees, but was largely destroyed 
 by spraying with Paris Gresn. Foliage of pear trees injured somewhat by pear tree slugr- Plums promise 
 an immense crop, though the present drought is causing overladen trees to drop their fruit. The ourculio is 
 not numerous enough to greatly thin the fruit on Lombards and other heavy bearers. Grapes promise the 
 heaviest crop on record ; many pest^ and diseases are commencing, but they are not serious yet ; some hun- 
 dreds of acres planted in grapes in this township. 
 
 J. Murray, Bsquesing, Halton : Many apple trees have died throughout this section" ; I have not been 
 able to ascertain the cause. 
 
 D. Fotheringham, Whitchurch, York: Young apple trees, of say five years growth, seem to have 
 sufEeredfrom the severe winter, as many leafed out and then died. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : The fruit trees have suffered very much since the last report. 
 At that time they did not .^how the amount of damage done by the winter, but nearly every orchard shows 
 some dead trees, and more in a sickly condition. 
 
 S. H. Stevenson, Pickering, Ontario ; Pear trees are almost all dead or dying — the cause I cannot 
 explain ; the leaves turned yellow and began to die last year. 
 
 James Graham, Scugog, Ontario : Fruit trees were doing very well and carrying a good crop, but 
 Monday's (Aug. 3) storm has abused the trees fearfully. Those that were heavily loaded are badly broken. 
 The fall of apples is great. 
 
 Thomas McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : There is a sufficiency of apples for the coimtry people, 
 but grocers in towns and villages import their apples from the west. 
 
 A. McLean, South Plantagenet, Prescott : Plums better than for many years. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : In this township we never raise "fenough apples for home consump- 
 tion. There is a great crop of wild fruit this season — strawberries and raspberries in abundance. 
 
 John Stewart, McNab, Renfrew : Apples trees d5d not winter as well as supposed when I sent the May 
 report, as the trees are a good deal damaged. 
 
 John Wilson, Dungannon, Hastings : Apples very scarce. A great many of the trees received a blight 
 just when the fruit was setting, which killed the fruit and withered the young leaves ; but the trees appear 
 to be recovering. It was not an insect of any sort that I could find. I think it was done by lightning, as it 
 was on the third day after the storm when I perceived the mischief. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden and Anson, Haliburton : A large number of the apple trees have died this 
 spring and summer, from the severe frosts of last winter and spring. 
 
 Ghas. R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : There are so many wild raspberries in this district that it is to 
 be regretted they are not systematically harvested and exported. Many tons weight might be exported. 
 They can be obtained at 25 cents the pail full. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterboro' : Caterpillars were in swarms here and stripped the leaves badly, 
 where they were not destroyed. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria: Many apple trees set out several years have died this season -the 
 supposed cause being the excessively cold weather of last winter. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : Quite a number of apple trees died last spring, after they came 
 out m leaf. The Ironclads and Russian varieties look healthy and are loaded with fruit. In fact they are 
 the kinds to plant in this range of townships, or north of it. 
 
 William Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria : There are a great many trees dying this summer. I think it was 
 caused by the few warm days we had in April causing the sap to start, and the weather theii turning so cold 
 that the sap was frozen between the bank and the wood. 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : I have tried the Lombard plum. Early Richmond cherry, and 
 Champion and Brighton grape and succeeded with none. I am raising mulberry plants from seed A great 
 many fruit trees in this section were killed in the hard winter. 
 
29 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Owing to the severe strain of a long, cold winter, followed by a late and backward 
 spring, in -which pastures made rather a poor start upon the season's growth, live stock of 
 all kinds began the summer in a condition far from promising. But the abundant 
 showers which fell at intervals throughout the earlier part of sumaier o\er the greater 
 portion of the Province more than compensated for preceding drawbacks, and generally 
 speaking the result has been that "the year grew lush in juicy stalks," with corres- 
 pondingly good effects upon live stock. This remark applies particularly to horned cattle 
 for store or beef, w hicli are almost invariably reported in (splendid condition as to flesh, 
 and, in common with other live stock, exceptionally free fiom epidemic or other disease, 
 tbough heat and flies are meiitioned in isolatud instances as unfavourable circumstances 
 prevailing in th^ latter part of July. The reports as to sligep are not quite so favourable.* 
 In many cases not only did they sufl[er from the effects of an unusually trying winter, but 
 the abundant moisture of the summer, wliich proved so advantageous to other live stock, 
 was rather unfavourable to sheep, which prefer drier weather and less luxuriant pas- 
 turage. A large number of correspondents report a scarcity of pigs, some stating that it 
 is due to the loss of the litters in spring,' but the majority leaving the cause unexplained. 
 Hogs appear generally to have thriven well throughout the season. Though working 
 horses left their stalls in spring in rather thin flesh for the heavy work of a short and , 
 hurried seeding season, they are generally reported in excellent condition at the date of 
 the returns, and; with the few exceptions hereafter to be noted, they appear to have 
 suffeied little from epidemic or other diseases. The above may be taken as a summary 
 of the generally prevailing condition of things, so far as live stock throughout the 
 Province are concerned, but as invariably happens over an area comprising so gieat a 
 variety of soil and climate as the Province of Ontario, this condition of things was not 
 universal. In some counties or parts of counties, especially in the wi'stern portion of 
 the Province, there was a considerable period of drought in July which dried the pastures 
 and affected the condition of live stock. Just about the time at which the returns were 
 made this drought was succeeded in most of these localities by copious showers, and in 
 these cases as the pastures revived rapidly there was little deterioration in flesh, and not 
 much falling off in the supply 'of milk for dairy purposes. In other localities no rain was 
 reported and the pastures were becoming dry and bare, with the usual effect upon live 
 stock. This latter condition of things prevailed over considerable areas in Norfolk, Haldi- 
 mand, Welland and Simcoe, and over more limited portions of Lambton, Bruce, Grey, 
 Wentworth, Northumberland and Renfrew. Grasshoppers are mentioned as seriously 
 impairing the pasture in portions of the townships of Dunwich and Southwold, Elgin 
 county, by one correspondent in Norfolk county, by another in Northumberland, and by 
 others in Renfrew and Peterboro'. The absence of clover and of mixed grasses as against 
 pure timothy is occasionally alluded to as a cause of poor pasturage. In those counties, 
 such as Middlesex, where grass fattening of cattle is extensively carried on, large numbers 
 were sold early in the season, and there, as indeed throughout the Province generally, fat 
 or beef cattle have been pretty well '-cleaned out " by butchers and drovers. The history 
 of dairying operations for the past season may be written in one remark which will apply 
 with but tricing exceptions to the whole Province : The output of butter and cheese has 
 been unusually large and the prices realized have been exceptionally iow^ Some correspon- 
 dents state that the increased product has coujpensated for the low prices, but others — 
 perhaps rather hastily — are constrained to the conclusion that the daii-y industry is being 
 " overdone " in Ontario. At any rate this branch of agriculture, and particularly cheese 
 making, appears to have considerably increased in extent during the past season— whether 
 -temporarily or permanently remains to be seen. As already intimated, there has been 
 little disease among live stock during the past season, and the exceptions to this statement 
 may now be noted. Cases of glanders are mentioned by two correspondents, one in 
 Brantford township. Brant Co., who says there hiive been " some cases of glanders in the 
 vicinity of Brantford," and by another in Bustard, Leeds Co., who says, "a few have been 
 affected with glanders." A correspondent in Albemarle, Bruce Co., states that there were 
 "some cases of pink-eye before July 15th." A few cases of " distemper " among horses 
 
30 
 
 are mentionfd in Adelaide, Middlesex Co., and East Zorra, Oxford Co., "epizootic among 
 colts," in West Flamboro', ^Ventworth Co., and " rheumatic diarrhoea among horses " in 
 Sidney, Hastings Co. Hog cholera prevailed to a rather' serious extent inAndeidon, 
 E^sex Co. 
 
 R. C. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex : Pastures have been good until quite lately, and aa we have had 
 some fine showers, I think they will be again. Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs look well, but want of water 
 and fly torture have pulled them down considerably. 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : Hog cholera has been playing the mischief. Some farmers lost 
 their whole stock. 
 
 George Hope, Tilbury East, Kent : Stock of all kinds in good condition. Not many fat cattle ; the 
 stock has been mostly sold during spring and summer. 
 
 D. McCall, Southwold, Elgin : Pastures have been good until about two weeks ago. Since then they 
 have been very dry, and the grasshoppers have about destroyed everything green, except the corn, which 
 they have not injured yet. 
 
 Samuel MacColl, 1 'unwich, Elgin : Fat stock are kept up to a better than usual condition at this season 
 of the year, they being shifted to the fresh second growth pastures which are yet ample. Not much at- 
 tention given to dairy produce at present, as the market for it will not pay its manufacture. ' 
 
 Geo. Cruise, Walsingham, Norfolk: Never in my life have I seen pasture fields looking so brown. You 
 would think the grass completely dead in some places, and as a consequence the live stock have a hungry 
 look. They are healthy, though. Not many fat animals. 
 
 John A. Ramsden, Humberstone, Welland : Very little fat stock. Plenty of butter and cheese and 
 they bring very low prices ; butter of excellent Quality bringing from 10 to 12 cents, and 'cheese about 7 cents 
 (wholesale). 
 
 B. B. Smart; Sarnia, Lambton : Pasture is good, and good pasture makes fat horses, sheep and cattle. 
 A good many havfe quit keeping sheep, or keep only a few. There does not seem to be much money made 
 raising wool at 17 to 22 cents per pound. Farmers are going more into raising cattle for export. 
 
 Martin 'Wattson; Bosanquet, Lambton: Pasture good to end of June. July was a very dry month- 
 only about 1| inches of rain fell in July. Ground parched until to-day (August 3rd), but during the last 18 
 hours we have had over one inch of rainfall. 
 
 T. M. Kay, Usborne, Huron : Horses look well, but heavy losi of young colts. There has been a very 
 fine lot of fat cattle raised here this season. 
 
 G. E. Gresswell, Tuckersmitli, Huron : Large quantities of grass fed cattle and sheep sent to England 
 and other markets. Prices have been fair but not equal to last year by half a cent. Cheese factories and 
 creameries have done well, but the prices are exceedingly low. 
 
 B. P. Mitchell, Howick, Huron : There having been frequent rains this summer, the pastures have "been 
 very good. Stock are not so good as they might be ; the hard winter told severely on them. ■ Horses, by 
 their general appearance, fared better than cattle. Fat stock few, but dairy produce booming. There is a 
 general increase in this industry in Howick. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Pastures at present poor on account of drought and want of mere sowing 
 of mixed gi'asses. 
 
 Wm. Lang, Sydenham, Grey : Pastures have been very good, and live stock are looking well every-, 
 where. Plenty of fat stock and dairy produce in abundance, and of good quality but exceedingly low prices 
 are being realized. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : All sorts of live stock in good condition. Fat stock scarce. Cream- 
 eries getting more popular and more patronized, Ayton paying GJ cents per inch of cream in 9-inch can. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Siracoe : A great many breeding sows lost their young litters altogether, and 
 there is a scarcity of young pigs. 
 
 R Goad, Ekf rid, Middlesex : Dairying is at a low ebb as to prices— both cheese and butter. There 
 seems to be something radically vn-ong in the butter business— a low price is all it is worth. The whole sj's- 
 tem, as well as the butter; requires "a revolution. 
 
 Thos. Lloyd Jones, Burford, Brant : Sheep good, but numbers decreasing owing to the very low price 
 of wool. 
 
 Henry Key, Oakland, Brant : Live stock are doing well. Farmers are taking more interest in stock 
 than formerly and take better care of them, and as a consequence the live stock of the township are improv- 
 ing year by year; 
 
 James Wilson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : The condition of pastures at the present time is rather poor, 
 the clover being very much killed out by the dry weather of last season and the hard winter following leav- 
 ing only timothy and natural grass, and when the first growth of these is eaten down the second growth is 
 very slow m starting. Hence pastures are rather bare at present, and if we had not been well supplied with 
 rain they would have been much worse. 
 
 E. W. B. Snider, Woolwich, Waterloo : The St. Jacob's creamery is doing a very satisfactory work for 
 farmers m this locality. The creamery system I consider especially deserves recommendation in localities 
 where farmers apply themselves to .stock raising, the milk being left on the farms. 
 
 John Jackson, Caistor, Lincoln : Pasture has been very abundant ; we are mowing about a ton of hav 
 per acre off our pasture. o j 
 
31 
 
 James Graham, Sougog, Ontario : The grasshoppers are so plentiful that they have destroyed all the old 
 pastures. 
 
 John Riddell, South Monaghan, Northumberland : Seventy-five per cent, of the old clover having been 
 killed last spring the pastures were left thin, and the late drought has made them poor for the season of the 
 year. Live stock generally have suffered thereby to some extent. 
 
 Franklin Jones, Hillier, Prince Edward ; Pastures never so good within my recollection. There has 
 been no^lack of rain since vegetation commenced, and rather too much for low land. Stock of all descriptions 
 in good condition, and increased in number as compared with last year. As to prices : horses, high ; milch 
 cows, medium ; two and three year olds, fair ; sheep, low. Vnt grazing stock for sale not abundant but 
 increasing yearly. Present price for three year olds, .$23 to S25. Dairy produce much neglected. Cheese 
 factories reasonably convenient to all, but patronized to only one-third or one-half their capacity. No 
 creamery in township ; no improvement in home made butter. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenao : There will be an incifeased amount of beef cattle on account of 
 good grass and the low price of cheese and bvitter. Many farmers will reduce their cow stock ; all old and 
 poor ones will be weeded out, which in the end will be an improvement. Cheese so far has valued low, and 
 the prospeobs are not very encouraging at present. The production has been large. It seems to me this 
 business is overdone. 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : Not many fat stock, but a great quantity of store stock that 
 is in very good butcher's condition, owing to the excellence of the pastures. More beef cattle raising than 
 for many years. 
 
 John Downing, Caledonia, Presoott : Farmers are disgusted with the low price of dairy produce, and a- 
 great number of milch cows will be turned into beef this fall. 
 
 W. H. Berry, March, Carleton : Grass fed cattle are plentiful and cheap. Dairy produce is also abun- 
 dant, with a tendency shown to improved methods in its manufacture. 
 
 John J. Watson, Brudenell, Renfrew : In some places the grasshoppers have completely destroyed the 
 pastures. They are as thick as hail on the ground after a storm, and devour everything— leaves, flowers, 
 grain and vegetable tops. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : Pastures have been excellent up to the latter part of July, 
 when they became somewhat dried up, but they are looking better now. Horses, cattle and sheep are gene- 
 rally in first-class condition. Pigs somewhat scarce here this year. There ivill be quite a large number of 
 young cattle fit for beef (grass fed) to dispose of here. No stall feeding done. No cheese being made here 
 iiow, but butteris plentiful and good, as up to the end of July pastures (which were very late starting) have 
 been particularly good, having had tolerably showery weather in May and June. i 
 
 LABOUR AND MACHINERY. 
 
 The Jabour supply for haying and harvesting i.s reported to be this year quite ade- 
 quate to the needs of the faruier in every section of the Province. Only in a few rare 
 and exceptional instances — as, for example, in some localities of Muskoka and the Ottawa 
 valley, where the lumber mills absorb the surplus labour, or on farms where there is a 
 deficiency of labour-saving implements— has there been any inconvenient scarcity of farm 
 h.inds. The marvellously rapid development of machinery in agricultural operations in 
 recent years has in part wrought a revolution in the matter of farm labour. With the 
 adoption of the numerous appliances now provided for facilitating and expediting the 
 various tasks of the husbandman, there is no longer any necessity for the wonted rush 
 and worry at the haying and harvesting seasons, or for farmers being put to their wits' 
 end to obtain sufficient help to secure their crops in good order. Such invaluable aids as 
 the sulky rake, the horse fork, the hay loader, the rack lifter, and above all the self- 
 binder, liave effectually disposed of that difficulty. These and kindred machines for the 
 more important branches of farm work are coming to be regarded as absolutely indis- 
 pensable to the progressive agriculturist, even on ordinary 100 acre farms; and during 
 the p:ist year they have multiplied extensively. This has especially been the case with 
 the self-binder, which is generally commended as the greatest boon to the farmer produced 
 for many year.=!. The expensiveness of the machine and the cost of the cord used for 
 binding are mentioned by a few correspondents as interfering considerably with its use- 
 fulness and popularity ; but in general these are regarded as very minor drawbacks Com- 
 pared with the sreat utility of the binder, in enabling the farmer to save his crop speedily, 
 in excellent order, with a minimum expenditure of labour, and less at the mercy of the 
 weather than under the old system. The immediate and direct effect of this universal 
 adoption of machinery hdsbeen, of course, to greatly lessen the demand for hired help, and 
 to reduce, at least for the time being, the rate of wages, which is reported to be lower 
 than for several years past. But it is likely, on the other hand, to ultimately 
 
32 
 
 benefit the agricultural labouring class by making- their employment more constant 
 and less spasmodic. The range of wages paid throughout the Province is so great — 
 extending all the way from 75 cents to $2 a day, and from $12 to $40'a month including 
 board — that it is dificult to strike an average. An approximate average rate, with board, 
 would piobably be : in Eastern Ontario, |1 to $1.25 per day for haying, $1.25 to |1.50 per 
 day for harvesting, and $15 to $25 per month for short engagements; in Western and CentrgJ 
 Ontario, $1.25 to $1.50 per day for haying, $1.50 to $2 per day for harvesting, and $25 
 to $35 per month for short "engagements. When longer engagements, are made, 
 covering the summer season or whole year of course the rate of wages is correspondingly 
 modified. Female servants appear to be in better supply than they have been in former 
 years. 
 
 Alex. M. Wigle & Son, ^osfield, Essex : Haying is now our heaviest harvest, and when the hay loader 
 reaches a greater perfection there will be very few more hands required to gather the harvest than what are 
 needed on the farm constantly. 
 
 Robert Manery, Mersea, Essex : There have been four self-binders working in this locality. They do the 
 work well, but the twine manufacturers must produce twine for less than 16c. to 20c. per lb., or else. they will 
 have to keep their binders at home. My neighbour got seven and a half acres cut with the binder, and it 
 cost S3. 40 for cord to bind the crop, at 16c. per lb. ; and the next lot of cord he sent for cost 20o. per lb. A 
 man could bind it by hand for less money than it takes to buy the cord. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich East, Essex: Self-binders are already much in use, and will in the near 
 future replace the reapers. ' 
 
 George M. Baird, Harwich, Kent : Labourers are plentiful and wages lower than they have been in past 
 years. Self-binders have been introduced to a greater extent this year, and it is only a matter of two or 
 three -years till old reapers will be a thing of the past. The labour of haying and harvesting is greatly 
 supplemented and facilitated by means of the hay-fork, rack-lifter, binder, tedder, etc., which are used, 
 and will be universally used in a few years. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : Owing to the introduction of self-binders, tedders, etc., the rate 
 of wages has not exceeded $1.50 per diem so far as I know. During the season many men could scarcely find 
 employment. Wages must be much lower before farmers can give permanent employment, with the present 
 prospect of prices for farm produce. 
 
 Matthew Martin, Tilbury East, Kent : The introduction of the self-binder is apeat boon to the farmer, 
 enabling him to do with fewer men. In fact, the labour-saving machinery has made a great revolution in the 
 cost of taking off the crop. 
 
 Sheldon Ward, Malahide, Elgin : The self-binder is fast coming into use, agents telling me of some 
 thirty-five having been sold in this section— some fifteen in Malahide. 
 
 Peter Stalker, Aldborongh, Elgin : Some four or five self-binders are used here, and are doing good 
 work. The greatest objection to them is that they are heavy on horses. 
 
 Samuel MaoCoU, Dumvich, Elgin : Self-binders are being pretty generally introduced. What is called 
 the high binder is as yet the most perfect. 
 
 A. Keid, Crowland, Welland : The self-binder is commg extensively into- use. It is about equal to 
 eight men. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Wages are still higher than the farmer can afford to pay. Men are 
 getting from $175 to $210 by the year with board, or |15 per month for winter and $18 to $20 for the simuner 
 months. The demand .is not so great on account of labour-saving implements, but men will not accept 
 lower wages. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, 'Dawn, Lambton : Grood machinerj; and co-operation amongst farmers have solved 
 the labour question here this season. No use for tramps coming in here now to claim double wages for haK 
 work. Improved mowers, sulky rakes, hajf forks, reapers and, self-binders have wound up that kind of 
 business. What we need most now is some land of machines to eat up our surplus products. I suppose the 
 cow and the pig will have to do duty a while yet. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Pl;ympton, Lambton : Quite a number of self-binders introduced into the neighbour- 
 hood this season, reducmg the wages to $1 per day and $18 per month, which is fully a reduction of 33i 
 per cent. 
 
 John McEarland, Sarnia, Lambton : The labour supply has been sufficient. Little or no work going on 
 in towns, the labourers have come to work on farms. From $20 to S25 has been paid for harvest hands. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Sarnia, Lambton : Men seem to be plentier than last year. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : Owing to the very general use of labour-saving machinery 
 self-binders, mowers, hay rakes and hay loaders, horse forks, etc., the general wail which used to De heard 
 at this season of the year of want of hands has ceased. 
 
 Edwin Gaunt, West Wawanosh, Huron ; The self-binder, the greatest labour-saving agricultural imple- 
 ment, has been introduced to a considerable extent this season, and is proving a great boon to the farmers 
 purchasing them ;— which agency the man who lives on big harvest pay the whole year has time to pronounce 
 as the ruin of his condition. The effect will be more hiring for longer terms, and the results will prove 
 better for all qoncemed. 
 
33 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce; The mowing machine and sulky rake have greatly lessened the labour 
 and worry of hay making, enabling the farmer to store hia hay in good condition. If manufacturers of 
 self-binders would place their implements within the reach of lOO-acre farmers, the demand for them in this 
 section would be very great. Many who would like to buy a binder cannot do so at the present price. Will 
 manufacturers consider the.matter ? Everything the farmer has to sell is low in price at the present time. 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce : Farmers in this township think that the self-binders are not much of a 
 saving. There are two men on this farm who are willing to run against any binder for one week, and their 
 wages do not exceed the price of the twine. 
 
 Wm. Welsh, Huron, Bruce ; Self-binders are getting into greater favour. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : There is every reason to believe that the self-binder is going to take 
 the place of the, rake-reaper. The combination of manufacturers in prices prevents farmers from buying at 
 present. 
 
 Peter Harris, Euphrasia, Grey : The greatest labour-saving machine, considering its cost, is the rack- 
 lifter. I recommend it to all farmers who have barns in any way suitable. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : Self-binders are getting to be the order of the day. The great drawback 
 is the cost of binding cord. Our next want is a pea harvester. 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : Quite a few self-binders have been used with such satisfaction that 
 there is no doubt they will come into general use next season. 
 
 J. M. Henderson, Adelaide, Middlesex : The labour supply ha^ been sufficient, and in consequence 
 wages have not been as high as formerly. This is also due to the general use of self-binders and other 
 implements, such as the horse rake, hay loader and hay fork. 
 
 Andrew Robinson, McGillivray, Middlesex : Three self-binders this year for one there was last year. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Self-binders, reapers, mowers, horse rakes, horse forks, etc., 
 are everywhere. They hasten and lighten the harvesting, but when the prices paid for them and the time 
 they last is considered they are very expensive, owing principally to agencies, patent rights, duties and 
 combinations, aU of which extras the husbandman must pay. 
 
 James Munro, West Zorra, Oxford .- One-half of the farmers have self-binders. , ^ 
 
 James Anderson, Bast Zorra, Oxford : Not much of the grain will be bound by hand this season, as 
 those not owning binders.hire them to out and bind at about $1 per acre. 
 
 Wm. Donaldson, East Zorra, Oxford : Self-binders will, I think, keep day labour down, but will not 
 interfere with yearly wages. 
 
 John Rea, Eramosa, Wellington : Binders are being brought in as old reapers give out, but many hold 
 back owing to the high price. 
 
 Robert A. Reed, Erin, Wellington : There are only a few self-binders used here yet. I think there 
 would have been more bought but for a monopoly of manufacturers fixing the price, and therefore farmers 
 are using the old machines. < 
 
 Robert Cromar, Pilkington, Wellington : Most of the famers manage their haying and harvesting with- 
 out extra help by the use of self-binders and other implements. 
 
 Richard Rennelson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Self-binders are now felt to be about as indispensable 
 as the reaper was about twenty -five years ago. v 
 
 James Wilson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Mowing machines, sulky rakes, and horse forks make a 
 vast difference in the demand for hired help. So with self-binders ; there has been a very large increase 
 in the number made use of here this season, and they have given good satisfaction. 
 
 James Dill, South Grimsby, Lincoln : The self-binders have done most of the harvesting. They are a 
 great assistance to the farmer, doing about the wbrk of four or five men, and doing it better. In fact I 
 don't know how we would get through harvest without them. - 
 
 1 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Plenty of hands glad to work for fair wages. Self-binders attend 
 to the'fall wheat and other gi;ains. One farmer buys a machine and cuts for his neighbours at $1 per acre, 
 the neighbour finding the twine. The farmer follows the machine and sets up the wheat. Hired men don't 
 ask $2 per day any more. 
 
 John McCraney, Trafalgar, Halton : Self-binders ar^ coming into general use. They are very much 
 improved this year, and there is still room for improvement in lightness of draught. 
 
 ^_ W. Peart, Nelson, Halton : The use of binders has diminished the demand for labour, but not to a 
 great extent. They are not in general use, and are scarcely found at all on farms of less than 200 acres. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York: The use of self-binders is becoming universal here, completely killing 
 the harvest haste. 
 
 Robert 0. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : In the dissemination of useful hints to the farmers through your 
 circular please mention tjie Wilson hay loader. We have bought one this year ; it is the first in our 
 township. It can easily accomplish the work of three men in loading hay, as it takes up the vfindrow and 
 places a large load on the waggon in from three to seven minutes quite easily. We have handled 115 tons of 
 hay with ours, and with no trouble or expense whatever. In fact, it is as great a curiosity as the binder 
 jtself, and scores of people have come to see it operate. 
 
 C A' Mallory, Percy, Northumberland : Farmers are becoming independent of day labourers, and gen- 
 erally with the help of machinery can take off their crops with the same help that they requu'e to fit the 
 land and put them in. 
 
 P R McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : There are a few self-binders introduced in this neighbourhood, 
 but do not give general satisfaction. I think as soon as the manufacturers' combination breaks through we 
 will get a better article at a reasonable price. 
 3 (B.I.) 
 
34 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden and Anson, Haliburton : The supply of agricultural implements has im- 
 proved immensely here in the past' four years. Prior to that there was scarcely such a thing used as even 
 a horse rake. , ■ ■ 
 
 Amos Hawkins, Albion, Victoria : We are well supplied with labour, and at reasonable rates, thanks 
 to the self-binders. Before their introduction we had to pay $40 a month to almost any kind of a man, and 
 glad to get him ; but now you can get a good man for $30 a month, and even less, and men are glad to get a 
 place. 
 
 James McDonald, Stephenson, Victoria : Labour supply is abundant owing to surplus of railway hands. 
 
 John Westlake, Eldon, Victoria : Self-binders have had the effect of reducing wages from $40 to $25 
 per month. 
 
 Henry W. Gill, Watt, Muskoka : Farmers here are gradually, as they get able, purchasing machinery. 
 There are now three reapers and two mowers in the township. A good many siilky rakes have been intro- 
 duced this season. Besides the saving of labour by machinery, it causes the farmer to be more particular 
 in preparing and deepening the land so as to use it to advantage. 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 Following are some of the general remarks of correspondents : 
 
 James McCliye, Bertie, Wellaud : Our township is overrun with weeds. The plantain is becoming a 
 great curse, covering the whole fields ; in fact, if a change is not soon effected, weeds will completely 
 destroy all crops of grain and hay. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Thistle cultivators (more aptly termed cultivators for destroy- 
 ing thistles) wanted very much. I see none advertised. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Flax is a good crop. We have a flax mill here and this year 
 the proprietors have over 300 acres under culture amongst the farmers in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Wm. Milne, Osprey, Grey : It is highly important that farmers should understand the habits of the cut 
 worm, as it frequently destroys large quantities of grain and root crops. All I can find about it in the 
 Report of the Agricultural Commission, is that " it hides under rubbish in the daytime and comes out 
 at night." ' It destroyed more than one-half of my turnips and of several of my neighbours', just as"soon as 
 they came up. I hand-picked two acres, digging them lip from under the surface where they burrow through 
 the day, finding on an average one to the rod. This saved the balance of my crop and I re-sowed where cut 
 off.' The field has now a large plant here and there with small' ones between. Now, if I knew the habits of 
 this insect I might be able to stay its ravages. For instance, if it lays its eggs on green leaves early in 
 spring I would be careful to have my turnip land ploughed early in spring, and keep down all green leaves, 
 so that it would not have a chance to live for want of plant food. The wire-worm is another destructive 
 insect, of which little or almost nothing is given inthe Report of the Agricultural Commission, or in the 
 Report of the Fruit Growers' Association. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Agricultural College, Guelph, Wellington : The extraordinary rainfall on the 3rd and 4th 
 of August has done immense damage to all grain crops, most to partially matured crops, such as oats and 
 com. In fact this rain has completely upset all calculations as to quantity and quality. Barley must be 
 largely danlaged in colour, though as with fall wheat, being matured, will bulk well. The wind with the 
 rain as it fell twisted and laid the grain flat to the ground. If, therefore, breezes and sunshine do not follow 
 immediately, the greater portion will never rise and harvesting will be very difficult. 
 
 Robert AngUn, Pittsburg, Frontenao : The crops would be much better if farmers would do more sum- 
 mer fallowing to kill weeds, etc. I think I am safe in saying that fully one-quarter of this township is lost, 
 being occupied by all kinds of noxious weeds, and this is getting worse from year to year. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : This part of the country never looked so well at this time of 
 the year before in my remembrance. 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : All sorts of implements except self-binders in use • but next 
 year or so, when farmers have to buy new machines, they will invest in self-binders. ' 
 
 D. McDiarmid, M.D., Kenyon, Glengarry : The grHat length of time required last winter and spring to 
 feed hay and straw to cattle, with the addition of a supply of both much below the average obtained from 
 last years' growth, caused the whole to be consumed, so that there is no previous year's supply on hand to 
 feed the increased number of cattle now kept on account of the great number of cheese factories erected 
 throughout the country. The usual price of hayis from $8 to $10 per ton ; this rose to between $14 and 
 $16 towards spring. A slightly better hay crop and a promised large supply of straw have removed the 
 anxiety felt as to the cattle food supply for the approaching winter. 
 
 A. Sohultz, Sebastopol, Repfrew : The mortality among trees last winter was fully ninety per cent. 
 Some lost all they had, but they have been building; up again. Spring was too cold for trees. Bee pasture 
 is very good now, and the honey harvest is better by far than it was last year. 
 
 W. F. Ritchie, Suowdon, Haliburton : I have been in this country for twenty-six years and never saw a 
 better prospect for a good crop than there is at present, except hay, which is light. 
 
35 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. I.; — Monthly temperatures for May, June and July, showing the highest 
 and lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest and the mean temperature of each 
 month. 
 
 Months. 
 
 May 
 
 June . 
 
 July 
 
 •-^ 
 
 Tempeeaturks. 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest. . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest. 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 CS 
 
 82.1 
 
 25.6 
 
 62.32 
 
 43.64 
 
 53.11 
 
 83.7 
 
 40.6 
 
 71.58 
 
 50.57 
 
 61.36 
 
 89.2 
 
 46.3 
 
 77.62 
 
 58.34 
 
 68.35 
 
 77.7 
 
 32.0 
 
 64.52 
 
 45.22 
 
 54.00 
 
 80.0 
 
 39.9 
 
 72.87 
 
 47.75 
 
 61.71 
 
 86.7 
 
 42.9 
 
 79.66 
 
 58.10 
 
 71.49 
 
 85.9 
 
 27.8 
 
 66.40 
 
 43.61 
 
 56.32 
 
 41.2 
 78.56 
 50.19 
 65.64 
 
 93.2 
 
 49.3 
 
 85.69 
 
 62.93 
 
 74.37 
 
 81.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 65.10 
 
 42.71 
 
 54.08 
 
 83.0 
 
 37.8 
 
 72.04 
 
 49.74 
 
 61.23 
 
 86.0 
 
 42.1 
 
 78.45 
 
 57.17 
 
 67.92 
 
 82.8 
 
 28.0 
 
 62.93 
 
 39.19 
 
 53.36 
 
 87.8 
 
 36.1 
 
 75.85 
 
 48.13 
 
 65.05 
 
 42.2 
 81.12 
 55.69 
 71.12 
 
 74.1 
 
 28.1 
 
 60.59 
 
 42.92 
 
 51.71 
 
 79.1 
 
 41.6 
 
 70,84 
 
 49.04 
 
 60.57 
 
 88.6 
 
 44.9 
 
 77.69 
 
 57.89 
 
 68.30 
 
 84.6 
 
 25.0 
 
 67.57 
 
 43.26 
 
 65.99 
 
 85.6 
 
 41 .;i 
 
 75.21 
 
 50.10 
 
 62.46 
 
 90.6 
 
 45.2 
 
 82.12 
 
 57.64 
 
 70.64 
 
 79.6 
 
 22.9 
 
 62.29 
 
 41.64 
 
 53.11 
 
 83.1 
 
 39.8 
 
 71.36 
 
 48.49 
 
 60.27 
 
 86.3 
 
 45.5 
 
 71.14 
 
 56.96 
 
 68.71 
 
 85.0 
 
 25,5 
 
 67.17 
 
 43.85 
 
 55.10 
 
 87.0 
 
 39 
 
 73.55 
 63.20 
 62.29 
 
 88.3 
 
 47.6 
 
 79.84 
 
 59.16 
 
 68.66 
 
 9 
 
 87..« 
 
 27.) 
 
 .67.28 
 
 41.39 
 
 54.69 
 
 92.6 
 
 40.0 
 
 76.37 
 
 49.73 
 
 63.21 
 
 49.0 
 83.26 
 58.97 
 71.31 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Monthly sumnjary of the average fall of Rain and Snow in the several 
 districts of Ontario for May, June and July, 1885. 
 
 
 ■ W. andS. W. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 andN. 
 
 Centeb. 
 
 E. AND N. B. 
 
 Months. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 2.50 
 3.15 
 2.70 
 
 0.9 
 
 2.73 
 3.12 
 2.53 
 
 2.4 
 
 1.85 
 3.32 
 2.80 
 
 1.1 
 
 2.11 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 
 2 8 ■ 
 
 June 
 
 Jtdv 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 8.35 
 
 0.9 
 
 8.38 
 
 2.4 
 
 7.97 
 
 1.1 
 
 7.96 
 
 2.8 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during May, June and 
 July, 1885, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon each month, 
 the hours of registered sunshine, and the totals for the three months. 
 
 Months, 
 
 II 
 
 1 
 
 1' 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 02 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 S 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 & ' 
 
 .1 
 
 Hi 
 
 ■S 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 461.1 
 466.7 
 470.9 
 
 189.4 
 278.9 
 298.9 
 
 201.2 
 271.8 
 280.8 
 
 163.0 
 
 228.3 
 291.0 
 316.8 
 
 
 237.6 
 286.3 
 299.3 
 
 210.0 
 267.6 
 288.4 
 
 235.1 
 276.0 
 294.0 
 
 281.4 
 250.7 
 280.2 
 
 208.6 
 
 
 216.2 
 
 July. 
 
 241.6 
 
 
 
 Totals . 
 
 1397.7 
 
 767.2 
 
 753.8 
 
 
 836.1 
 
 
 823.2 
 
 766.0 
 
 805.1 
 
 812.3 
 
 666.4 
 
 
 
36 
 
 WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS. 
 
 TABLE No. IV. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the areas 
 of Pall Wheat, Spring Wheat, Barley and Oats in Ontario, and their produce as esti- 
 mated August 5th, 1885. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 Spriho Wheat. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Oatb. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush, 
 
 > Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushj 
 
 - Essex , 
 
 28,08' 
 69,71' 
 38,99£ 
 32,64£ 
 31,86C 
 21,80e 
 
 626, 34C 
 1,427,237 
 947,776 
 683,528 
 649,862 
 444,842 
 
 2,70' 
 6,634 
 5,67S 
 2,03? 
 6,412 
 4,26e 
 
 44,66.' 
 100,846 
 
 m,oos 
 
 36,S8S 
 86,692 
 69,684 
 
 2,26' 
 3,97i 
 3,64£ 
 4,21£ 
 12,136 
 4,281 
 
 62,444 
 118,34S 
 109,88li 
 112,962 
 330,095 
 110,306 
 
 28,141 
 32,92: 
 31,64e 
 28,46£ 
 21,725 
 17,218 
 
 
 Kent 
 
 1,369,697 
 
 1,277,818 
 
 838,940 
 
 788,644 
 
 609,662 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk .\; ,■ 
 
 
 Welland 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 213,014 
 
 4,779,586 
 
 26,624 
 
 439,662 
 
 30,4ie 
 
 844,042 
 
 168,017 
 
 6,083,062 
 
 
 Lambton 
 
 28,743 
 69,193 
 46,269 
 
 704,203 
 
 1,420,632 
 
 909,907 
 
 16,473 
 41,466 
 22,048 
 
 300,176 
 688,319 
 425,626 
 
 11,977 
 17,660 
 14,623 
 
 346,136 
 621,236 
 424.087 
 
 38,183 
 69,877 
 66,249 
 
 1,496,774 
 2,753,163 
 2,066,262 
 
 Huf on 
 
 Brace 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 133,206 
 
 3,034,742 
 
 78,986 
 
 1,414,021 
 
 44,150 
 
 1,291,437 
 
 163,309 
 
 6,306,189 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 22,783 
 64,602 
 
 484,773 
 1,408,731 
 
 61,584 
 44,360 
 
 918,196 
 768,656 
 
 21,625 
 19,961 
 
 599,013 
 556,911 
 
 76,182 
 58,433 
 
 2,727,316 
 2,103,688 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 77,385 
 
 1,873,604 
 
 96,944 
 
 1,676,761 
 
 41,686 
 
 1,165,924 
 
 134,616 
 
 4,830,904 
 
 
 Middlesex ...- 
 
 80,401 
 33,319 
 30,275 
 40,663 
 26,658 
 88,897 
 12,946 
 
 1,401,303 
 739,681 
 644,750 
 
 1,096,336 
 642,703 
 904,410 
 302,913 
 
 35,390 
 22,711 
 3,440 
 27,732 
 31,460 
 11,941 
 22,272 
 
 879,488 
 424,695 
 55,040 
 474,217 
 629,200 
 232,649 
 380,851 
 
 9,147 
 11,401 
 14,413 
 12,087 
 27,228 
 11,652 
 
 9,678 
 
 275,324 
 363,431 
 464,098 
 380,740 
 895,801 
 374,029 
 279,677 
 
 68,122 
 49,717 
 18,596 
 49,886 
 65,129 
 33,708 
 26,109 
 
 2,799,814 
 2,083,142 
 
 773,610 
 2,130,089 
 2,670,289 
 1,396,611 
 
 984,309 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 
 Totals ;.. 
 
 242,963 
 
 6,631,096 
 
 164,946 
 
 2,876,140 
 
 96,606 
 
 3,023,100 
 
 311,266 
 
 12,836,664 
 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 21,009 
 31,409 
 23,025 
 29,600 
 39,578 
 9,921 
 2,640 
 9,699 
 1,903 
 
 636,729 
 772,688 
 596,847 
 784,400 
 1,029,028 
 239,096 
 
 60,984 
 220,167 
 
 37,299 
 
 4,542 
 4,776 
 6,770 
 14,464 
 32,330 
 63,.583 
 48,808 
 36,368 
 11,729 
 
 82,664 
 92,158 
 117,131 
 279,637 
 675,474 
 986,927 
 771,166 
 663,626 
 198,220 
 
 3,216 
 9,988 
 8,971 
 27,l86 
 46,942 
 29,204 
 .37,843 
 38,344 
 36,470 
 
 98,410 
 
 331,602 
 
 266,439 
 
 861,201 
 
 1,382,864 
 
 876,120 
 
 1,110,081 
 
 1,160,320 
 
 835,163 
 
 17,673 
 £6,388 
 17,520 
 27,944 
 69,890 
 46,895 
 31,957 
 29,614 
 13,487 
 
 686,347 
 1,146,239 
 
 686,784 
 1,142,910 
 2,419,556 
 1,833,596 
 1,169,626 
 
 992,069 
 
 423,492 
 
 
 Halton 
 
 
 York 
 
 
 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 165,784 
 
 4,276,638 
 
 212,364 
 
 3,866,003 
 
 237,144 
 
 6,902,170 
 
 271,268 
 
 10,498,619 
 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 2,293 
 
 2,292 
 
 6,070 
 
 718 
 
 492 
 
 420 
 
 52 
 
 78 
 
 718 
 
 269 
 
 2,962 
 
 40,686 
 
 43,548 
 
 90,763 
 
 11,067 
 
 9,840 
 
 7,140 
 
 1,040 
 
 1,950 
 
 8,185 
 
 4,707 
 
 60,426 
 
 8,774 
 
 10,984 
 
 14,329 
 
 6,897 
 
 4,630 
 
 8,749 
 
 7,970 
 
 4,240 
 
 22,981 
 
 26,238 
 
 16,648 
 
 164,422 
 235,057 
 265,086 
 139,169 
 
 90,600 
 190,728 
 143,460 
 
 87,344 
 434,341 
 622,136 
 286,832 
 
 36,862 
 16,263 
 8,166 
 5,742 
 1,994 
 1,380 
 2,024 
 1,301 
 5,768 
 1,148 
 2,654 
 
 603,996 
 483,011 
 218,564 
 172,260 
 69,820 
 46,000 
 62,422 
 39,650 
 182,629 
 33^866 
 80,196 
 
 23,121 
 24,699 
 62,069 
 29,350 
 24,749 
 30,725 
 26,973 
 19,098 
 67,141 
 39,603 
 37,728 
 
 809,235 
 
 872,698 
 
 2,296,553 
 
 1,132,910 
 
 784,643 
 
 1,358,046 
 
 822,876 
 
 821.214 
 
 2,199,928 
 
 1,528,676 
 
 1,403,482 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 Stormont 
 
 
 Prescott 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16,364 
 
 279,231 
 
 131,240 
 
 2,649,176 
 
 82,171 
 
 1,972,203 
 
 375,266 
 
 14,029,960 
 
 
 
 7,708 
 
 9,048 
 
 34 
 
 7,307 
 
 161.848 
 
 191,818 
 
 653 
 
 160,624 
 
 36,328 
 
 31,478 
 
 1,297 
 
 22,376 
 
 630,389 
 
 608,676 
 
 21,680 
 
 413,938 
 
 24,866 
 
 11,687 
 
 338 
 
 28,030 
 
 576,891 
 
 318,092 
 
 7,671 
 
 868,930 
 
 37,828 
 
 30,616 
 
 4,286 
 
 40,530 
 
 1,176,451 
 
 1,204,229 
 
 148,724 
 
 1,469,080 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24,097 
 
 494,743 
 
 91,478 
 
 1,574,562 
 
 64,801 
 
 1,771,484 
 
 113,260 
 
 3,988,484 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 165 
 
 1,696 
 
 880 
 
 3,713 
 
 1,661 
 1,803 
 6,427 
 
 26,911 
 
 29,920 
 
 120,479 
 
 855 
 780 
 670 
 
 16,861 
 19,696 
 19,765 
 
 7,948 
 5,262 
 3,644 
 
 251,<*62 
 176,760 
 124,040 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 324 
 
 6,189 
 
 8,881 
 
 177,810 
 
 2,106 
 
 56,311 
 
 16,764 
 
 661,7^2 
 
 
 
 876,136 
 864,740 
 
 20,374,729 
 20,717,631 
 
 799,463 
 721,647 
 
 14,3i73,524 
 14,609,661 
 
 697,873 
 700,472 
 
 17,015,671 
 19,119,041 
 
 1,643,745 
 1,481,828 
 
 59,124,614 ~ 
 57,696,304 
 
37 
 
 EYE, PEAS, CORN, BUCKWHEAT AND BEANS. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce (as estimated Aug. 5th) of Rye, Peas and Beans, and the areas of Corn 
 and ^uckwheat for the year 1885. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Eye. 
 
 PlAB. 
 
 CoRH. 
 Acres. 
 
 Bdck-'^ 
 wHa^y. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 
 1,367 
 646 
 
 1,226 
 
 6,416 
 842 
 
 1,084 
 
 22,214 
 11,717 
 24,620 
 89,824 
 4,923 
 20,162 
 
 3,748 
 10,670 
 12,640 
 16,062 
 12,396 
 
 4,772 
 
 76,084 
 266,013 
 297,040 
 252,173 
 233,026 
 100,212 
 
 32,062 
 26,397 
 14,341 
 12,240 
 1,129 
 6,-625 
 
 963 
 
 991 
 
 1,361 
 
 4,664 
 
 641 
 
 1,636 
 
 694 
 14,201 
 1,182 
 644 
 94 
 661 
 
 12,146 
 316,972 
 26,696 
 11,592 
 1,604 
 9,006 
 
 
 Elgin . . 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 
 Welland 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 10,980 
 
 173,360 
 
 , 60,287 
 
 1,218,648 
 
 9], 694 
 
 10,136 
 
 ■17,466 
 
 876,814 
 
 
 
 248 
 
 136 
 
 71 
 
 3,968 
 2,025 
 1,697 
 
 9,606 
 30,942 
 85,923 
 
 219,964 
 819,963 
 926,813 
 
 6,368 
 1,276 
 
 487 
 
 641 
 253 
 227 
 
 460 
 116 
 111 
 
 9,000 
 2,320 
 2,220 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 454 
 
 7,690 
 
 76,470 
 
 1,966,730 
 
 8,131 
 
 1,021 
 
 677 
 
 13,540 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 312 
 1,167 
 
 6,460 
 23,340 
 
 43,162 
 31,674 
 
 1,100,376 
 810,864 
 
 257 
 638 
 
 369 
 229 
 
 135 
 101 
 
 2,700 
 1,717 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Totals 
 
 1 1,479 
 
 28,800 
 
 74,826 
 
 1,911,280 
 
 895 
 
 698 
 
 236 
 
 > 4,417 
 
 
 
 349- 
 
 705 
 
 725 
 
 187 
 
 663 
 
 466 
 
 461 
 
 6,107 
 11,986 
 13,412 
 
 3,740 
 12,388 
 
 7,189 
 
 8,268 
 
 21,598 
 16,906 
 9,429 
 21,666 
 37,181 
 14,256 
 11,376 
 
 514,762 
 447,969 
 226,363 
 694,946 
 977,86(1 
 880,609 
 313,960 
 
 9,164 
 
 7,029 
 
 3,866 
 
 469 
 
 376 
 
 1,023 
 
 67 
 
 429 
 729 
 726 
 169 
 34 
 142 
 118 
 
 336 
 206 
 326 
 81 
 43 
 29 
 6 
 
 6,720 
 4,120 
 
 Oxford . * . . 
 
 
 Perth 
 
 775 
 
 
 
 Waterloo . . 
 
 725 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 3,485 
 
 63,087 
 
 131,300 
 
 3,464,429 
 
 21,988 
 
 2,336 
 
 976 
 
 19,606 
 
 
 
 219 
 
 214 
 
 46 
 
 611 
 
 692 
 
 1,662 
 
 2,617 
 
 8,018 
 
 7,186 
 
 4,008 
 
 4,109 
 
 897 
 
 11,863 
 
 8,304 
 
 27,179 
 
 39,014 
 
 104,234 
 
 112,820 
 
 4,9,'J4 
 10,469 
 11,674 
 14,362 
 28,324 
 24,241 
 19,679 
 19,261 
 10,662 
 
 118,896 
 
 262,302 
 
 276,619 ' 
 
 337,607 
 
 685,441 
 
 620,570 
 
 409,328 
 
 361,919 
 
 233,498 
 
 6,813 
 3,862 
 804 
 266 
 1.009 
 1,902 
 1,577 
 3,503 
 6,149 
 
 607 
 
 773 
 
 160 
 
 262 
 
 80 
 
 210 
 
 1,019 
 
 4,606 
 
 6,476 
 
 169 
 
 91 
 
 38 
 
 31 
 
 173 
 
 191 
 
 316 
 
 364 
 
 264 
 
 6 070 
 
 
 2,366 
 
 
 
 
 930 
 
 York 
 
 6,190 
 
 
 6 686 
 
 Durham 
 
 6,320 
 9,100 
 6.280 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 21,065 
 
 312,418 
 
 143,616 
 
 3,296,076 
 
 23,875 
 
 13,981 
 
 1,637 
 
 41,796 
 
 
 
 
 3,810 
 2,406 
 3,923 
 1,468 
 
 371 
 2 
 
 241 
 
 91 
 
 4,472 
 
 6,093 
 
 2,643 
 
 66,161 
 
 43,308 
 
 58,463 
 
 30,388 
 
 7,420 
 
 40 
 
 3,784 
 
 1,366 
 
 69,316 
 
 122,876 
 
 43,346 
 
 9,778 
 
 11,166 
 
 6,127 
 
 1,938 
 
 2,726 
 
 7,000 
 
 11,698 
 
 3,997 
 
 13,204 
 
 22,168 
 
 11,923 
 
 194,682 
 
 286,682 
 
 128,667 
 
 61,988 
 
 57,906 
 
 134,400 
 
 217,249 
 
 73,645 
 
 340,663 
 
 649,766 
 
 805,229 
 
 1,834 
 
 1,803 
 
 4,368 
 
 1,380 
 
 1,102 
 
 661 
 
 1,378 
 
 407 
 
 1,146 
 
 ' 473 
 
 1,161 
 
 2,164 
 " 1,333 
 5,632 
 1,699 
 2, .336 
 
 618 
 2,025 
 
 768 
 3,926 
 1.457 
 6,167 
 
 91 
 366 
 386 
 120 
 84 
 48 
 592 
 266 
 471 
 897 
 185 
 
 2,730 
 
 
 9,160 
 
 
 9,660 
 
 Dundas A ..- 
 
 2 880 
 
 
 '2,620 
 
 
 1,440 
 
 
 10,360 
 
 
 7,980 
 
 
 18,610 
 
 
 11,910 
 
 
 6,476 
 
 
 
 
 25,620 
 
 446,466 
 
 101,723 
 
 2,289,627 
 
 15.692 
 
 28,016 
 
 3,006 
 
 83,605 
 
 
 
 Victoria 
 
 768 
 
 2,474 
 
 187 
 
 11,349 
 
 12,902 
 
 46,274 
 
 4,600 
 
 194,068 
 
 16,2.37 
 16,472 
 1,699 
 16,199 
 
 331,236 
 
 377,209 
 
 38,696 
 
 376,817 
 
 460 
 
 626 
 
 131 
 
 4,176 
 
 369 
 
 S42 
 
 844 
 
 8,676 
 
 47 
 316 
 
 47 
 184 
 
 940 
 
 
 6,670 
 
 
 940 
 
 
 8,680 
 
 
 
 
 14,778 
 
 266,844 
 
 60,607 
 
 1,122,967 
 
 6,281 
 
 6,181 
 
 593 
 
 11,230 
 
 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 305 
 
 226 
 
 62 
 
 5,651 
 4,725 
 1,404 
 
 2,871 
 1,349 
 3,282 
 
 69,143 
 28,059 
 68,822 
 
 195 
 28 
 67 
 
 268 
 247 
 63 
 
 38 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 1,140 
 
 Parry Sound ... 
 
 510 
 
 Algoma . ... ... .... 
 
 V 160 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 682 
 
 11,680 
 
 7,452 
 
 146,024 
 
 280 
 
 568 
 
 60 
 
 1,800 
 
 TnEPEOTiNOE {i884." 
 
 78,293 
 103.416 
 
 1,299,284 
 1,648,269 
 
 646,081 
 670,928 
 
 15,400,620 
 13,691,607 
 
 167,831 
 174,660 
 
 61,776 
 65,836 
 
 24,651 
 24,878 
 
 6,62,807 
 692,044 
 
38 
 
 ROOTS, HAY AND OLOVER, PASTURE AND BUTTER. 
 
 TABLE No. VI. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area 
 and produce of Hay and Clover and areas of Root crops and Pasture in Ontario in 
 the year 1885 ; also, the quantity of Butter made in 1884. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Potatoes 
 Acres. 
 
 Mak»old 
 wurtzels 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Carrots, 
 Acres. 
 
 Turnips, 
 Acres. 
 
 Hat ahd Clover. 
 
 Pastqrb, 
 Acres. 
 
 BUOTER 
 MADE, 1884, 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Iba. 
 
 Essex 
 
 3,024 
 3,603 
 2,751 
 3,478 
 1,907 
 2.683 
 
 270 
 288 
 267 
 163 
 102 
 136 
 
 89 
 152 
 140 
 90 
 76 
 63 
 
 294 
 367 
 253 
 608 
 60 
 92 
 
 38,796 
 64,982 
 50,217 
 -40,406 
 60,477 
 46,055 
 
 69,057 
 93,469 
 80,849 
 66,163 
 74,201 
 67,240 
 
 62,457 
 89,292 
 74,624 
 50,628 
 39,206 
 32,216 
 
 686,410 
 811,471 
 559,216 
 
 Kent 
 
 Bl8:in 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 490,144 
 707,981 
 590,379 
 
 Haldiiuand 
 
 Welland 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 17,346 
 
 1,216 
 
 610 
 
 1,664 
 
 280,932 
 
 440,979 
 
 348,323 
 
 3,745,601 
 
 
 
 3,156 
 5,380 
 4,956 
 
 294 
 
 1,206 
 
 328 
 
 152 
 406 
 199 
 
 ,174 
 6,915 
 6,660 
 
 54,876 
 93,028 
 79,697 
 
 92,740 
 146,124 
 96,312 
 
 ' 88,689 
 
 140,784 
 
 98,469 
 
 673,043 
 1,492,245 
 1,071,660 
 
 Huroa . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 13,491 
 
 1,827 
 
 757 
 
 12,739 
 
 227,601 
 
 , 334,176 
 
 327,942 
 
 3,236,848 
 
 
 
 ■ 7,438 
 6,914 
 
 235 
 738 
 
 605 
 671 
 
 1,0/9 
 
 8,983 
 3,171 
 
 116,709 
 73,884 
 
 131,881 
 84,228 
 
 138,009 
 76,948 
 
 1,898,060 
 1,196,766 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Totals.! 
 
 14,350 
 
 973 
 
 12,164 
 
 190,693 
 
 , 216,109 
 
 214,957 
 
 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 5,852 
 3,3,51 
 2,382 
 3,970 
 6,164 
 3,033 
 3,621 
 
 1,196 
 944 
 396 
 
 1,466 
 786 
 374 
 210 
 
 468 
 287 
 206 
 452 
 206 
 253 
 124 
 
 1,679 
 6,112 
 2,491 
 6,014 
 13,293 
 6,140 
 2,602 
 
 <)1,902 
 64,076 
 31,426 
 ' 67,690 
 80.964 
 42,116 
 34,116 
 
 164,396 
 107,648 
 47,138 
 106,^73 
 132,781 
 61,909 
 46,738 
 
 182,946 
 103,255 
 34,402 
 89.655 
 93,601 
 37,477 
 34,960 
 
 1,259,363 
 ■ 616,022 
 618,122 
 920,838 
 1,161,324 
 724,992 
 476,425 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant , 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington 
 
 
 DufEerin 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 28,263 
 
 6,370 
 
 1,985 
 
 35,131 
 
 412,287 
 
 ■ 656,882 
 
 576,195 
 
 6,676,886 
 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 1,735 
 3,369 
 1,712 
 2,912 
 8,230 
 3,817 
 3,024 
 4,071 
 2,166 
 
 202 
 473 
 374 
 370 
 1,636 
 722 
 .398 
 489 
 146 
 
 97 
 220 
 
 86 
 268 
 - 639 
 471 
 460 
 216 
 
 29 
 
 180 
 
 2,134 
 
 1.607 
 
 1,160 
 
 ' 3,009 
 
 11,767 
 
 6,366 
 
 3,277 
 
 36 
 
 40,722 
 46,226 
 34,307 
 38,167 
 76,364 
 52,274 
 43,467 
 54,635 
 32,994 
 
 68,008 
 71,005 
 55,677 
 66,854 
 103,235 
 77,366 
 69.116 
 73,690 
 54,110 
 
 30,464 
 43,905 
 39,215 
 35,993 
 68,306 
 68,628 
 65.059 
 70,475 
 41,021 
 
 '671,196 
 719,039 
 
 
 Halton : 
 
 
 69l'249 
 
 Yorlt 
 
 1,386,029 
 851,719 
 690,882 
 660,390 
 342,412 
 
 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 . Prince Edward 
 
 
 
 31,016 
 
 4,809 
 
 2,476 
 
 28,526 
 
 417,086 
 
 618,958 
 
 453,066 
 
 6,396,841 
 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 3,691 
 3,914 
 7,360 
 \ 2,678 
 2.060 
 2,762 
 2,646 
 1,716 
 6,292 
 3,919 
 3,909 
 
 43 
 
 117 
 
 177 
 
 113 
 
 44 
 
 64 
 
 53 
 
 32 
 
 617 
 
 116 
 
 134 
 
 66 
 
 111 
 
 111 
 
 28 
 
 13 
 
 31 
 
 43 
 
 125 
 
 462 
 
 98 
 
 106 
 
 178 
 
 631 
 
 156 
 
 42 
 
 93 
 
 32 
 
 113 
 
 238 
 
 1,464 
 
 676 
 
 314^ 
 
 44,928 
 62,340 
 108,729 
 36,378 
 31,292 
 32,866 
 29,809 
 19,346 
 68,211 
 68,721 
 61,280 
 
 67,841 
 86,029 
 188,101 
 60,496 
 60,067 
 46.011 
 29,809 
 18,184 
 72.751 
 39,147 
 92,633 
 
 67,812 
 74,306 
 
 168,109 
 43,824 
 39,609 
 46,675 
 42,499 
 22,793 
 82,294 
 69,711 
 
 107,631 
 
 446,332 
 617,046 
 
 1,094,861 
 970,482 
 521,159 
 307,993 
 317,871 
 347,108 
 
 1,022,993 
 866,082 
 807,429 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lanark 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 40,736 
 
 1,399 
 
 1,184 
 
 3,832 
 
 542,888 
 
 749,969 
 
 765,263 
 
 7,308,346 
 
 
 3,046 
 
 2,698 
 
 648 
 
 6,529 
 
 282 
 
 308 
 
 1 
 
 190 
 
 276 
 
 340 
 
 12 
 
 170 
 
 3,673 
 
 1,10U 
 
 407 
 
 686 
 
 39,401 
 
 41,244 
 
 9,467 
 
 65,968 
 
 46,099 
 
 43,306 
 
 9,467 
 
 91,036 
 
 49,736 
 
 65,785 
 
 5.494 
 
 97,240 
 
 691,392 
 643,649 
 139,970 
 661,876 
 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 
 
 
 11,821 
 
 781 
 
 797 
 
 6,776 
 
 156,080 
 
 189,908 
 
 208,264 
 
 1,936,887 
 
 
 
 1,389 
 628 
 701 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 76 
 19 
 41 
 
 1,143 
 762 
 688 
 
 20,586 
 10,179 
 9,969 
 
 22,233 
 10,891 
 12,060 
 
 9,344 
 3,869 
 3,986 
 
 250,786 
 110,041 
 130,684 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,718 
 
 61 
 
 136 
 
 2,483 
 
 40,724 
 
 45,174 
 
 17,199 
 
 491,511 
 
 
 Tub PttoviNCi! -1 J^^^ 
 
 159,741 
 168,757 
 
 16,436 
 18,341 
 
 9,024 
 10,987 
 
 102,303 
 104,199 
 
 2,268,091 
 2,193,369 
 
 -A 
 
 3,252,166 
 3,044,912 
 
 2,911,199 
 2,794,986 
 
 31,887,745 
 82,844,269 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS 
 
 I^O'STEDi^BEil?,, 1885. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOCK OF ONTARIO. ., 
 
 The report on crops, live stock and other siibjects presented herewith has been com- 
 piled from information given to the Bureau by a staff of ' seven hundred correspondents, 
 'representing almost every township of the province, arid nearly all of whom are practical 
 farmers. The acreage of crops, the number of live stock, the wool clip, the, rate of 
 wages and the value of farm property in the statistics of the province are prepared 
 from schedules filled up by farmers, and returned to the Bureau on the 25th of June ; the 
 product of crops is computed from returns of actual yield made by threshers and corres- 
 pondents on. the 2nd of November; and the acreage of farmland and of orchard and 
 garden, together with the census of rural population, are made up from the assessment 
 rolls of township municipalities. The tables of temperature, sunshine and rainfall have 
 been prepared at the Meteorological Office, under the direction of Mr. Carpmael. 
 
 A. BLUE, Secretary. 
 Bureau op Industries, 
 
 Toronto, November, 1885. 
 
 AREA AND PRODUCE OF FIELD CROPS. 
 
 The following table gives the area and produce of the principal field crops of the 
 province for the years 18^4 and 1885 : • 
 
 P,_,„ Citnvs • Acres— 1885— Bushels. Acres— 1S84— Bushels. 
 
 MWheat' 1 876,136 21,478,281 864,740 30,717,681 
 
 InrinffWheit' ■..' ..'. 799,463 9,129,881 721,647 14,609,661 •• 
 
 Sjrlev ■■" 697,873 16,.'J33,687 700,472 19,119,041 
 
 Oaia 1,643,745 56,229,742 1,481,828 67,696,304 
 
 u"p 78,293 1,271,606 103,416 1,648,269 
 
 p'V ■■■" 646,081 14,006,192 670,928 13,691,607 
 
 f„;„ ■ ■ '■ 167,831 10,741,391 174,660 12,936,889 
 
 Buckwheat '..".".'.'.. 61,778 1,630,676 65,636 1,484,570 : 
 
 Beans 24 661 496,564 24,878 692,044 
 
 Potatoes'" ■:"■■.■.'.■.■.■.■■■■ 169,741 1,091,144 168,767 27,646,261 
 
 •MaSwiirzel's ..■ 16,435 7,660,729 18,341 8,656,184, 
 
 OarS 9024 3 462,319 10,987 4,197,200, 
 
 T^rniM .■...■.'.' ■ 102,303 41,137,735 104,199 44,406,363'' 
 
 Hay and Clover.'.'. .' 2,268,091 Tons 8,252,166 2,193,369 Tons 3,044,912,; 
 
 The total area.of these crops in 1884 was 7,203,958 acres, and for the present yiear it 
 is 7,350,443 acres, being an increase of 146,485 acres. The wheat area is greater by 
 «8,-212 acres, the oats area by 61,917, the pease area by 75,153 acres, and the hay and 
 clover area by 74,722 acres. On' the other hand the barley area is less by 102,599 acres, 
 and the rye area by 25,123 acres. The area of pasture land this year is 2,911,199 acres, or 
 116,213 acres more than last year. 
 
YIELD OF FIELD CROPS PER ACRE. 
 
 Before this Bureau was organized the only record we had of the yield of field crops 
 in Ontario was that of the decennial census. Beginning with 1851 we have bad in a 
 period of thirty-four years the statistics of four harvests — 1850-60-70-80 — and although 
 very incomplete as regards the acreage of crops they have been accepted at home and used 
 abroad as the data for determining the agricultural capacity of the country. The decen- 
 nial year may be favorable for the growth of crops or it may be unfavorable : the census 
 takes no account of seasons or the conditions of weather, and whether the harvest be 
 bountiful or meagre the good or bad name given to the country by the published resulta 
 must stand until the next euumeration. It is obvious that no trustworthy average of the 
 yield of farm products can be computed from the returns of the census. This can only 
 be done by collecting the statistics of each harvest year for a period of successive years, ; 
 and no better evidence of the value of agricultural land can be presented than is furnished 
 by such a record. The following table shows the average yield per acre of the principal 
 field crops of the province for each of the four years during which the Bureau has beea 
 in operation, together with the average yield of the four years : 
 
 Cbops: 1885. 1884. 1883. 1882. iyn. 
 
 Fall Wheat, bush 24.5 24.0 10.6 26 3 21.2 
 
 Spring Wheat do .' 11.4 20.2 166 16 6 16.0 
 
 iiarley do 27.7 27.3 24.3 28.6 26.9 
 
 Oats do 36.8 38.9 38.6 36.4 37.4 
 
 Eye do 16.5 16.9 16.0 18.7 16.9 
 
 Peas do al.7 24.0 19.7 19.6 21.3 
 
 Corn(lnear) do 64.0 74.1 64.9 67.5 
 
 Buckwheat do 24.8 22.5 25.2 24.0 
 
 Beans do /..... 20.1 23.8 20.7 21.6 
 
 Potatoes do .'.....1320 163.2 9a0 116.0 127.2 
 
 Manifel Wurzels do 486.1 471.9 363.0 488.0 446.7 
 
 Carrots do 383.7 382 361.0 403 379.6 
 
 Turnips do- 402.1 42H.2 304.0 448 392.9 
 
 Hay and Clover, tons 1.43 1.39 1.75 1.14 1.43 
 
 The crop of hay and clover was a failure in 1882 ; fall wheat, corn, buckwheat and bears 
 were badly injured in 1883 ; and spring wheat has suflFered this year. The average yield 
 of the four years is lowered in consequence, but it is not possible yet to determine with 
 certainty what an average product per acre is for the various crops of the province. 
 
 FARM VALUES IN THE PROVINCE. 
 
 The values of farm property in the province are given by counties in Table xi., as 
 prepared from returns made by farmers to the Bureau on the 25th of June. As compared- 
 with last year,, the value of land shows an increase of $943,318, of buildings, $9,090,980, 
 and of implements, $739,015. On the other hand, the value of livestock shows a decrease 
 of $2,416,743. The number of sheep was less than last year by 135,128, and the num- 
 ber of swine by 93,896 ; but the nuniber of horses was greater by 22,856, and the number 
 of cattle by 50,810. It is not likely, therefore, that the decrease in the value of live 
 stock this year is due to any diflFerence in numbers. The reports of correspondents are 
 almost unanimous from all parts of the country as to the slackened demand for cattle and 
 sheep and their products, and to a consequent drop in prices, and doubtless this is the 
 true explanation of the decrease. The following table gives the values for both years; 
 
 1885. 1884. ! 
 
 Far* lands *626,422,024 t626,478 706 
 
 Buildings 182,477,905 173,f86,92B , 
 
 Implements <8,,M9,725 47.880.710 
 
 Livestock ^. 100,890,086 103,106,829 
 
 Totals »968,lb9,740 $049,803,170 
 
 The total increase is $8,356,570, or nearly one per cent. 
 
AREA OF RURAL LANDS. 
 
 The area of rural lands, as presented in Table xii., is prepared from returns made 
 "by township clerks, taken from the assessment rolls of the jiear. The statistics for 1884 
 and 1885 are as follows : 
 
 Residpnt Acres 20.717,660 Acres 20,657,632 
 
 Non-resident 1,128,956 1,414,684 
 
 Cleared land 10,837,4'21 10.736,086 
 
 Woodland 8,984,997 8,914,719 
 
 8w,imp, marsh, or waste land 2,024;098 2,061,611 
 
 Total occupied 21,846,616 21,712,316 
 
 THE GRAIN CROPS. 
 
 Little more requires to be said as to the quality of the fall wheat than to reiterate the 
 statements made in the September bulletin. It was then stated that thei result of threshing 
 showed far less injury to the crop than was expected from the rains which prevailed over 
 large areas of the province during the harvest season. Further, it was said that notwith- 
 standing complaints of rust on low-lying fields, the crop was harvested in surprisingly good 
 condition, the result no doubt of the cool breezy weather which followed the rains of early 
 harvest. There are a few complaints of sprouting and some of weevil, but they do not 
 apply to large areas, and the sample is almost invariably reported an excellent one, so 
 far at least as the western and central portions of the jirovince are concerned. In some 
 localities in the east where winter-killing was more serious, the reports were probably not 
 quite so generally favorable, but even here the sample will be large, plump and otherwise 
 ■ marketable. ' 
 
 It very seldom happens that seven hundred and fifty correspondents of the Bureau, 
 scattered over an area embracing so wide a diversity of soil, climate and methods of 
 agriculture as may be found within the limits of this province, are so nearly unanimous 
 in their reports as they are found to be with respect to the quality of the spring wheat 
 crop of the past season. But, unfortunately, the nearly unanimous verdict is unfavorable. 
 With rare exceptions the reports from western and central Ontario vary only slightly 
 even in their phraseology, in charaoturizing the quality of the spring wheat. " Total 
 failure," " badly shrunken," " very poor," " only fit for chicken feed," are expressions 
 repeated by correspondents over and over again. There is alnjost equal agreement as to 
 the causes of failure. " E,ain and rust" were the twin evils which, virith the occasional 
 assistance of midge and fly, wrought the ruin. As usual, the "goose" wheat is frequently 
 mentioned as escaping destruction by rust. In some portions of eastern Ontario the 
 reports are not quite so generally unfavorable, more especially in the counties of Frontenao, 
 Leeds and Grenville, Dundas, Stormont, Glengarry, Prescott, Russell and Carleton, in 
 which there appear to have been considerable areas of spring wheat sown early on high 
 land which produced a good average sample. In the other eastern and northern counties 
 of the province rain, rust and frost combined to give a poor yield and a very inferior 
 sample. 
 
 The past season was an extremely unfavorable one for the barley crop, the weather 
 being peculiarly conducive to discoloration, which is so fatal to the market value of this 
 cereal. The straw grew unusually long, and in most parts of the province the grain 
 was a full average in weight and plumpness ; but the storm of August 3rd, which pre- 
 vailed generally over the province, seriously injured the crop, and, to make matters worse, 
 the harvest weather was also very unfavorable. A great deal of the barley was discolored 
 while outstanHmg, and much of it was housed in a damp condition. The result is that 
 the bulk of the barley hardly ranks in color above No. 2, and much of it is even lower in 
 
grade. In Ontario, Durham and Northumberland the reports are perhaps not quite so 
 generally unfavorable as in the west, and in the eastern counties early sown barley appeara 
 in a good many instances to have escaped the worst effects of the prevailing wet weather, 
 and turned out a fairly good sample. With these exceptions the : reports are decidedly 
 unfavorable. 
 
 Oats are below the average sample this year. They were generally very rank in 
 growth, and owing to this fact, and the wet weather before and during harvest time, they 
 were struck by rust, the result being arrested growth and a poor sample, light in weight 
 and badly colored. Early sown fields, and especially those on high land, escaped the blight, 
 and in such cases the sample is reported plump and bright. But as late sown oats are in 
 many parts of the country the rule rather than the exception, unfavorable reports are 
 very largely in the majority, especially as many fields were badly damaged by grasshoppers. 
 The crop seems to have suffered less from these evils in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 counties than in other parts of the province, and in every one of these counties there haa 
 been a marked increase in the acreage sown. 
 
 The prediction in the September bulletin that the rye crop would be a fair averaga 
 in yield and quality correctly summarizes the 'reports received now, as to this not very ex- 
 tensively grown ceieal. 
 
 , ! , , PEASE. 
 
 The reports as to the quality of the pea crop are extremely various, and on the whol» 
 not very favorable. Though the bug has wholly disappeared in some localities, and in 
 others only keeps up a lingering existence, the climatic conditions this year appear to have 
 been decidedlyunfavorable to the perfection of the pea crop. Mildew in many cases followed 
 the rank and tender growth which had been stimulated by the heat of July, succeeded by 
 the moist weather before and during harvest time. In some cases hot weather during the 
 blossoming season acted as a blight, and hail storms, frost and drought are severally 
 mentioned as having impaired botli the yield and the quality of the cropin other localities. 
 Uneven ripening; due to one or more of these unfavorable conditions, is a common sub- 
 ject of complaint. Some of the Lake Erie counties make a very favorable showing, but 
 altogether, though the yield is a very fair one as to quantity, the sample is evidently 
 considerably below the average. 
 
 FIELD BEANS. 
 
 . ' Like all other field crops, beans have been considerably affected by the general back- , 
 wardness, coldness and hiimidity of the season. Th,ey yrere put in late, they grew and ; 
 ripened slowly, and they were not in many cases pulled until late in October. In the /. 
 western counties of the Lake Erie group, where field beans are more generally cultivated 
 than elsewhere, they were somewhat rusted and discolored by the excessive rains, but 
 were only slightly affected by frost. In the more northerly and easterly districts of the,,, 
 province frost was more injurious. The aggregate yield, though probably inferior to that of 
 lastyear, is fairly satisfactory. Unless where some local, or exceptional circumstance, 
 however, makes field beans a paying crop, the disposition of farmers appears to be to 
 devote less attention to their cultivation. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : The bean crop {irbmised well at one time, but' rust and wet 
 weather caused serious damage. The crop has all to bis hand-piclced. i, ,,. 
 
 Samuel Russell, Orford, Kent : Beans are badly rusted in moat places, except the large kind whidi 
 ripened later, and were mostly harvested in dry weather. 
 
D. McKiUop, AWborough, Elgin : In many instances, owing to the lateness of the season, beans were 
 not pjapted ae early as usual, and consequently did not ripen before the first frosts camel 
 
 E. W. I'ares, Humberstone, Welland : Beans are a light crop, and are somewhat injured by rainy 
 weather at the present time. • 
 
 C. A. Mallory, Percy, Northumberland : Did not ripen well on account of cool weathar and frost. 
 
 INDIAN CORN. 
 
 The climatic conditions of the season have been, on the whole, adverse to the corn 
 crop'. At the beginning, planting was seriously delayed and interfered with by a late, 
 coldj rand wet spring. As stated in the August report of the Buijeau,. l^rge quantities of 
 seed, either from its inferiority or from unfavorable weather, failed to germinate; and 
 rotted in the ground, compelling farmers to plough up considerable areas, and replant 
 either with corn or some other grain. Then the growing and ripening season for corn 
 has be^n short, cool and rainy, without a sufficient measure of that genial warmth required 
 to bring this cereal to a perfect maturity. At the date of the August report the prospect 
 of the crop was gloomy enough, and the cold, rainy weather of that month did not tend to 
 brighten it. The result has been, not only that the corn area has been materially 
 shortened and the fields thinned, but that large quantities of grain had not become ripe 
 enough for harvesting when the early frosts came, so that it had to be gathered in a soft 
 or frpsted condition, and used for fodder. Low and undrained, or heavy clay lands 
 suffered the most. Where the soil was light and dry, either naturally or from drainage, 
 the crop weathered the rains and frosts more successfully, and was in a position to profit 
 by the period of bright, warm weather which came in September and extended into the 
 early portion of' October. In the main, therefore, the crop has turned out a good deal 
 better than its condition earlier in the season indicated ; most of the counties of the com 
 heli along the shore of Lake Erie, although reporting many cases of failure, will in the 
 aggregate show a fair product for the year, perhaps only slightly below the average. 
 Outside of this district the effects of the wet weather and tarly frosts have been more 
 fatai, and have reduced the bulk of the crop to comparatively insignificant proportions. 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : Except a slight injury to late com, the weather did no injury. 
 
 Arthur J. Arner, Gosfield, Essex ; Corn did hot ripen properly, I think owing to the cool weather of 
 August and the dry weather of the latter part of September. Late corn was much damaged by frost. The 
 heavy rains of Juns 5-12 did much damage to corn, causing much otf the seed to rot, and also left the ground 
 in a;badi;atate.for after cultivation. 
 
 Robert Manery, Mersea, Essex : Com was considerably broken down by high winds and rain in 
 August. 
 
 Robert Cumming, Harwich, Kent : Com suffered from a slight frost when a good share of it was in the 
 milk ; as a result, it did not feed nor fill-, There is lots of soft corn. 
 
 Alex. Young, Harwich, Kent : Much of the com had to be replanted on account of bad seed and grub. 
 
 Daniel McKillop, Aldborough, Elgin : Owing to inferior seed, much of the corn had to be planted a 
 second time, and some even a third time. All such is injured from thirty to forty per cent. First planting 
 all O.K. 
 
 John A. S^iiahce,' Yarifflouth, Elgin : Com was damaged by a heavy storm about harvest, which broke a 
 great deal of it down, and made it difficult to cut. Late corn was hurt by frost. ^ 
 
 ' E: M. Crysler, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Com is in good condition. The frost came late, and gave the 
 com plenty of time for ripening. 
 
 C H. Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : Corn has eared well, and uipened well, but, tihe , acreage is very 
 small. On account of the cold, wet spring much of the seed rotted,, and the land was ploughed up for other 
 crops, etc. 
 
 V. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand : Com was injured by cold, wet weather in spring. 
 ' Jafees MoClive, Bertie, Welland : Cbm is a decided failure, three-fourths of all that was planted rotted 
 at seeding time, and the other one-fourth is full of weeds, and there will only be one-half or one-third of a 
 crop. '1 I ..-. -'- 
 
 I". A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : I believe com has been most generally ripened by the prolonged fine 
 weather in October. 
 
 D. G. Hdlcbihb, Thdrold, Welland : Corn in the early part of the season was considered a failure, the 
 weather being cold and wet ; August and September being favorable, com is a very good crop. 
 
J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : Com has a very poor stand, but haa all ripened. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Some very good on light soil, but very poor on clay lands 
 lying low and undrained. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : Corn has come on much better than was expected. The fall has been 
 very favourable for it. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Com in most instances succeeded better than was expected in the 
 early part of the season, but only in a few cases was a fair crop obtained. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : The com crop turned out much better than early indications gave 
 promise of.. There being no fall frost to injure it, the crop was out in fine condition. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Very little corn grown, and on account of the cold, late season it did 
 not ripen, and was very much rusted. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : Scarcely any grown except for green com. Had it been planted as a crop 
 it would have done well. 
 
 W. W. Revington, Biddulph, Middlesex: On account of the cold, wet season, corn did not fill well, 
 •nd was very late in coming in, a full month later than other years. i 
 
 J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex : The fine weather in the latter part of September helped the corn 
 greatly. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Bkfrid, Middlesex : Corn had a, serious drawback early in the season by cold 
 weather, grubs and bad seeds. 
 
 R. A. Brown, West Nissouri, Middlesex : The spring was too cold and wet for com, but in July and 
 August it came on remarkably well, and where planted on light, rich soil, and properly cleaned and 
 cultivated, will reach as high as one hundred bushels per acre in the ear. But like everything else, "no 
 manure, no crops" with bad tillage, and on low, wet, sour land, it is short and not much good. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Com is a fair crop, from a fodder stand point, but did not 
 ripen properly. The season was too short for com. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Brantford, Oxford : Com will be good on dry, warm soils, but where the land was clay 
 and wet, it will not be of much account. 
 
 James G. Pettit, East Oxford, Oxford : Corn was injured to the extent of fifty per cent, by cold, rainy 
 weather in the early part of the season. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Com was kept back by rain and cold all summer, and a good deal 
 was cut before it was fully ripe in order to save it from frost. 
 
 V Thomas Dunn, Oakland, Brant : Several fields were ploughed up, not having come up well on account 
 of poor seed and cold, wet rains. Where good seed was planted, a very good crop has been harvested, this 
 fall having been very favorable. ' 
 
 John Seoord, Grantham, Lincoln : A much better crop than was expected two months ago. 
 
 James StuU, Grantham, Lincoln : Corn is very poor. The fall was favourable for the late crop ; there 
 was no frost until the 15th of October. 
 
 A. G. Muir, North Grimsby, Lincoln : A great quantity of corn did not get ripe. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Owing to the hot weather of the last half of September corn 
 ripened well, but very little is husked yet. 
 
 T. A. Walker, Ancaster, Wentworth : Hardly ripe when cut ; too cool and wet. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : The corn was all cut before the frost came. The first frost was on 
 October 24th. The crop is very fair — what was left ; much was ploughed up in the spring. 
 
 Piatt Hinman, Haldimand, Northumberland : Not worth husking, but good fodder. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : Hardly any ripened well except where early planted. 
 It formed for a large crop, but the weather was not favorable to ripening. The severe storm in August laid 
 the corn, and the frost damaged it a good deal. 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : A poor crop. It was mostly cut before frost came, but some 
 late stalks were hurt. 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredericksburgh, Lennox : Com was sparsely sown in consequence of the wet, 
 cold spring, as well as being a partial failure for the past two seasons in not ripening before the frost took it. 
 There are many fine fields this year, and they ripened well. 
 
 S. Chalmers, Wolf ord, Grenville : The cold summer, wet and frost have left the corn not worth husking ; 
 we are feeding it without. 
 
 John Ferguson, Wolford, Grenville : Com will be better than was expected some time since. It wm 
 not injured by frost, ^ut a large percentage, say fifty, is too late to ripen. 
 
 Wm. Kyle, Williamsburg, Dundas : Very little corn planted here, but largely sown for green fodder ; it 
 is a comparative failure this season in consequence of the wet spring. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Com has been seriously injured by cold and wet weather ' 
 half the seed failed to grow. 
 
 E. R. Macphee, Radoliff and Raglan, Renfrew : Very little corn is grown here. Farmers seem afraid to 
 risk it as a crop, though the writer's experience has been that if planted in time and duly cultivated it is 
 quite safe. ^ \ 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : Very little planted except in garden patches, and most of that 
 did not ripen on account of wet, cold summer, and early frost. 
 
Hugh Collins, Asphodel, Peterborough : Corn, if planted early, was good at harvest time. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monftk, Muskoka : Frost knocked it all out of existence, except in a few sheltered 
 places under enormous rocks. 
 
 SORGHUM. 
 
 It is only in western Ontario that any serious attempt has been made to cultivate 
 this plant, and even then- the experiment cannot be said to be proving very successful. 
 In Essex and Kent sorghum is pretty extensively grown, but in most other counties 
 where it has been tried the farmers are giving it up. This year, so far as it is in crop, 
 the reports are on the whole favorable, although the cane has ripened late and in a few 
 instances has been touched by frost. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : Sorghum is grown quite extensively. 
 
 Samuel Russell, Orford, Kent : Sorghum is not very good. I have a mill, and made up to last evening 
 1075 imperial gallons. I manufactured last year 1685 gallons. The seed has not ripened this season. About 
 two more loads will finish my manufacturing for this season. About six or eight loads were injured by frost, 
 but we made all up exoeiJt part of one load. 
 
 C. H. Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : Very little sorghum raised in this locality of late years. 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, Mosa and Aldboro', Middlesex and Elgin : Sorghum grew very slowly, did not matura 
 leed, and was slightly nipped by frost. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blaudford, Oxford : Sorghum has not been so much sown this year as formerly. What 
 was sown will be of little use, being too late. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : Played out. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Sorghum appears to be a failure. There has been one good crop out 
 of four. This year was too cold and wet ; it did not contain enough of saccharine matter. Our factory only 
 worked two or ,three days. It is a great loss to those who fit up machinery to make molasses out of sorghum. 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterborough : There was some sorghum sown here, but it did not come to 
 perfection. We are rather too far north for its cultivation. 
 
 BUCKWHEAT. 
 
 Although like other grain crops buckwheat has been subject to tht adversities of the 
 season, it appears to have survived them quite successfully. There are reports from 
 various localities of injury by rain and frost, and in one or two instances by storms beating 
 down the straw, but the sum of these mischiefs is slight. The injury from frost has been 
 confined almost wholly to fields which were sown late. The yield is a good average, and 
 the quality of the grain unexceptionable. 
 
 Arthur J. Amer, Gosfield, Essex : Buckwheat is but little grown. What I saw seemed light, but 
 well ripened. 
 
 John Haggan, Malahide, Elgin : Buckwheat an extra crop and harvested without damage. 
 
 Charles Chute, Malahide, Elgin : Buckwheat good, but little grown in this locality, as it is considered 
 •nly a crop for poor land. 
 
 John H. Hauser, Canborough, Haldimand : Buckwheat badly damaged by rain. It was beaten down 
 and we could hardly gather it. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : Never saw better buckwheat. 
 
 Joseph Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : Injured by early frosts. Some never cut or harvested. 
 
 Alexander Bryoe, Brantford, Brant : A splendid crop ; dry when taken in. 
 
 Thomas Dunn, Oakland, Brant : The bulk of the crop is in the field and badly damaged by rain. 
 
 A. G. Muir, North Grimsby, Lincoln : More than an average acreage and yield. 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : An unusally good crop and harveste4 in good condition. 
 
 0. R. Allison, South Frederioksburgh, Lennox : Well loaded but straw short. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : Somewhat damaged by frost, but a fair sample. 
 
10 
 
 William Selkirk, Petewawa, Renfrew t Biiokwhea.t was hurt some by the frost, which caused a great, 
 deal 'of loss in harvesting, for it shelled out in the handling. 
 
 John Fell, Somerville, Victoria : Completely destroyed by frosts. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterborough : The little buckwheat that was raised here was all frozen. 
 
 Edward Bray, Stephenson and Stisted, Muskoka : Hardly worth cutting owing to frost. 
 
 ROOTS. 
 
 The potato crop, which accoiding to the August report was at that date unsually 
 promising in appearance, has since suffered widespread destruction from rot. The frequent 
 heavy rainfalls that prevailed during the latter portion of the summer, while promoting a 
 remarkably abundant growth of tubers, also developed this pestilence to a terribly fatal 
 degree. Through the whole southern belt of the province, extending from the Detroit 
 river on the west to the Ottawa on the east, and including the greater part of the West 
 Midland and East Midland districts, scarcely a farm has escaped the visitation. In many 
 cases from one-half to three-fourths of the crop has been destroyed, and in not a few fields, 
 the proportion of sound potatoes has been so insignificant that the farmers have not taken 
 the trouble to gather them. Nor has the rot confined its ravages to the fields : in the pits, 
 and' cellars its deadly work goes on, many correspondents say worse than before. In the 
 belt described it is only where the soil is particularly light, dry, and sandy, or where the 
 potatoes were planted very early in the season and had become pretty mature before the 
 excessive rains of August came, that even a small yield has been obtained. It is 
 reassuring, however, to find that the northern latitudes of the province, both east and 
 west, have been comparatively free from the disease. Bruce, Grey, Simcoe^ 
 Haliburton, Renfrew, and many of the contiguous townships to the south, as well as Parry. 
 Sound, Muskoka and Algoma, report enormous crops of generally large, sound, healthy 
 potatoes ; indeed in many of these northern localities the rot has hot even been heard of J 
 From the districts named the potato supply of the province, both for consumption and 
 for next year's seed, must be almost wholly drawn. The statistics of this crop on another 
 page shows that whereas last year the total area planted was 168,757 acres, yielding 
 27,546,261 bushels, this year the area has been 159,741 acres, yielding 21,091,139 
 bushels. These figui<es, as they stand, reveal a large reduction in the area planted, atid a 
 larger proportionate reduction in the yield, compared with last year ; yet the remarks of 
 correspondents indicate that very material deductions should be still further made from 
 thetri, for two reasons : first, because in many cases the gross average yield was reported 
 without any allowance being made for diseased tubers ; and next, because, as stated 
 above, the rot was still in progress after the potatoes were housed,' so that the full extent,. 
 of the loss is not yet known. It is certain, therefore, that the aggregate product of sound 
 potatoes for the year will be considerably less than stated — how much less it is of course 
 impossible, from the nature of the case, exactly to say. 
 
 "Other root crops have' 'been fairly successful. The turnip area was considerably 
 reduced after planting t^me,,in consequence of the ravages of the fly among the tops • yet' 
 the yield, while inferior to that of last year, is reported to be on the whole satisfactory. 
 The turnips are healthy and in moderately good supply ; and though as a rule they are, 
 rather small insizp., the receijt fine, open weather has enabled them to add something to 
 their growth. A few complaints of rot come from Waterloo and Ontario, but the sum of 
 the injury from this cause is trifling. Of mangels and carrots, so far as they are culti- 
 vated, the accounts are unvaryingly favora.ble.; 
 
 Farmers are at this date in thei mi,dst of their root harvest. They have generally 
 concluded the work of securing the potato crop, and are now engaged with tho other 
 roots. The weather has been so far quite settled, mild, and in every way favorable to 
 harvesting operations.; 
 
11 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : Potatoes very rotten, except the early ones. 
 
 R. H. Waddell, Tilbury East, Kent ; Early planted potatoes escaped the rot, or suffered but slightly. 
 
 Francis Gifford, Camden, Kent : Potatoes almost an entire failure from rot. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent: Potatoes have suffered much from rot, clay and heavy soils suffering- 
 most, . It is pretty hard to determine the exact damage. Some farmers have lost all, others part, and some 
 escaj)mg. They are perhaps one-fourth of last year's crop. 
 
 Samuel Russell, Orford, Kent : A large growth of potatoes, but from one-half to three-fourths rotten, 
 and even more, as some are not digging theirs at all. Other roots are very good, but not much grown, 
 especially turnips, as they have rotted so of late years in the pits. The weather has been very favorable for- 
 .securing root crops. 
 
 Wm. Clark, Aldborough, Elgin : Potatoes are dry and mealy on high land, rather sad on low land,_ 
 scabby and small ; in some sections eaten by white grub. On clay loam very many will not be dug at all 
 on sand fully one-third are lost by rot. 
 
 John McLean, Aldborough, Elgin : Potatoes are very good, what is left of them. The most of them in 
 in this locality have rotted. Some farmers are without a potato. 
 
 Jphn Haggan, Malahide, Elgin : The potato crop in the early part of the season promised well, but 
 was struck by a blight that caused the potatoes to rot. Probably 75 per cent, is destroyed. 
 
 • E. M. Crysler, CharlottevUle, Norfolk : Some potato crops have not been taken up, they were so badly 
 rotted. 
 
 W. W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Turnips, mangels and carrots are the best I ever saw. 
 John Senn, Oneida, Haldimand : Potatoes were good before the heavy. rains, and were a heavy crop ; 
 but late ones are more than half lost by rot ; many fields are not dug. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand : I am of opinion that seven-eighths of the potatoes will be destroyed 
 before next spring. 
 
 _ Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand: Nearly all the potatoes rotted,lexcept those dug before the heavy 
 rains about the 8th of September. Carrots are rotting at the roots on lowlands. 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : Potatoes all rotten, or at least 05 per cent. 
 
 ■ .John Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : Of wha.t potatoes escaped the rot the quality is very good. 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : The greater part of the potatoes have been lost by the rot. What few 
 
 remain are very scabby and of poor quality. Seed will bi^ very scarce in the spring. 
 
 Simon Burns, Dawn, Lambton : About 90 per cent, of the potato crop is destroyed by the rot. Some 
 veri^ early planted escaped with little damage, but the tubers were very small. 
 
 ^ John Grant, Sombra, Lambton : Potatoes taken up rotted equally fast with those left in the ground. 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Will not have enough for seed in this county. 
 
 ■ .T. B. Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : Early potatoes were a good crop, nor were they eaten with bugs ; but 
 the late ones were swarming, and commenced to rot before they were ripe, and are rotting since digging time. 
 Some people have none left ; some have half their crop. 
 
 John Wright, Goderich, Huron : Turnips are good, but not an even crop. . The fly was hard on them 
 when they came up, and , some farmers have none on this account ; but there seems to be a total absence 
 of the turnip insect this year. Tlie tops were covered with them in 1884. 
 
 ■ Thomas Strachan, Grey, Huron : I do not know if the growth or yield of potatoes was ever better in this 
 part of the country if they had not unfortunately rotted. ' 
 
 '"A. Drummofld. Howick, Huron : Potatoes were an excellent crop and Of good qjiality, but the rot has 
 done considerable damage in some fields, and, what is singular, in other fields scarcely a rotten potato was 
 to be found. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : Turnips planted from the 1st to the 7th of , June are very good ; thos» 
 planted after that time are very thin on the ground in consequence of the fly. 
 
 'f'G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuckersmithi Huron : Potatoes were a remarkably fine crop, but the loss from rot 
 af t^r digging is fearful. Numbers' of farmers who raised hundreds of bushels will, owing to the rot, have to 
 buy for home use and seed. '-, 
 
 "Henry Doupe, Usborne and Blanshard, Huron and Perth: The Early Rose has not been injured bythe 
 rot as much as other species of potatoes. 
 
 Frank Morley, Usborne, Huron : Turnips are almost an entire failure, the plants being destroyed by 
 the fly. rThose that are left are very small yet. 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Potatoes are great in quantity and good in quality »"• 
 some rot, but not much. , 
 
 Thomas Askin, Amabel, Bruce: Potatoes were a good crop, but owing to the backward weather and 
 late), harvest they are not all up yet ; not many rotten excejit on flat clay land. 
 
 Joih,n Douglass, Arran, Bruce: The potato crop is the best ever raised in this township. Considerable, 
 damage has been done by rot on some farms, especiailly on low ground. On some farms there is no appear- 
 ance of rot. At present the extent of the loss is not much. Turnips are a lighter crop than for many years. 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : Potatoes were an excellent crop, and mostly got harvested in good 
 weather ; not much injured by rot except in low spots on undrained laud. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : Potatoes were an excellent crop, and of good quality. It is reported that 
 they have commenced to rot in cellars. 
 
12 
 
 William Irvine, Eentinok, Grey : Potatoes were an enormous crop, in some places as high as 400 bushels 
 per acre. On clay lands they are badly rotted, from one-third to three-fourths of the crop. I think tliere 
 will be about an average crop left sound. 
 
 George Clark, CoUingwood, Grey : If potatoes have any fault it is their immense size ; not many rotten. 
 
 James Shearer, Egremont, Grey : The potato crop is good, both in quantity and quality, but there are 
 loud complaints about rot. Some have lost about half their crop, while others are very little affected. 
 
 Joseph Townsend, Sullivan, Grey : A large crop of potatoes all over, but all grown on low ground had 
 rot among them when taken out, and are gradually rotting in the pits. Any grown on high, sandy soil seem 
 all right. 
 
 Henry Atkey, Keppel, Grey : For the first time to my knowledge large quantities of potatoes are being 
 sent south from VViarton on the G. T. Railway. 
 
 J. R. Irving, Innisfil, Simooe: Turnips have not done well this year; a good many had to seed two or 
 three times. 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : The quality of the potatoes which are not affected with rot is 
 excellent, but they have been inj iired very much by wet on heavy lands ; fully one-half of the crop is 
 destroyed. On light lands they are comparatively free from rot. Other roots as a general thing are still in 
 the ground, and have made excellent growth during the last four weeks. 
 
 R. A. Brown, West Nissouri, Middlesex : Potatoes are not as numerous or aa larjje as they were last 
 ye^, even with the best advantages. In some places all have rotted, in others half, and on some farms none. 
 One farm here had large beauties, and not a rotten one among them. They where put in as follows : the 
 ground was ploughed last fall, also early in the spring, then the drills were opened with a plough and 20 
 loads of straw manure, inserted in the drills ; the tubers were dropped on the manure and covered by the 
 plough. While all others are seriously damaged by rot, this field is an oasis. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Potatoes are a complete failure on some farms. On all low 
 or level lands they are very badly rotted ; on sand and rolling upland the crop is fair ; on heavy clay it is 
 poor. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : Turnips are good where good seed was sown. It seems to be 
 next to impossible to get good, clean, fresh seed. 
 
 J. C. Ross, West Zorra, Oxford : Potatoes would have been an extra crop had not the rot struck them, 
 by which three-fourths have disappeared. 
 
 William Richmond, South Dumfries, Brant : Mangels are not much grown here ; sugar beets are 
 taking their place ; they are a good crop. 
 
 Thomas Dunn, Oakland, Brant : The rot has struck this section, and struck it hard. Two-thirds of the 
 potatoes are at present rotten in the hill, and the balance are badly rotting after being housed, whether in 
 the cellar or in the pits in the field. The only exception to this is on very dry sandy ground, and also on 
 new ground. Turnips will probably be largely substituted for potatoes the coming winter. 
 
 D. McLean, Ellice, Perth : A person who had about 300 bushels of potatoes informs me that he has 
 about ten bushels just now fit for use. Some are a little better off. Where the crop was heavy the rot is 
 also heavy. Potatoes that v^ere dry or partly dry on the 11th of August are good. Fields that were green at 
 that date were not worth digging. 
 
 William Courtice, FuUarton, Perth : Turnips are small in consequence of being late because in most 
 cases they had to be re-sown in spring, having been eaten by the fly. 
 
 Thomas Page, Wallace, Perth : All varieties of potatoes are affected by the rot. My crop is 
 mncipally White Elephants, and I am certain they are much less affected than Early Rose, Late Rose, 
 IJacota Red, Early Mayflower, Weld's Morning Star, and Pride of Canada, all of which are very bad. 
 My soil is principally a black muck, and where dry from drainage the potatoes are not much affected. 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eramosa, Wellington : Turnips are much smaller than they have been for a number of 
 years. 
 
 J. W. Gihnour, Peel, Wellington : About two-thirds of the potatoes are rotten, and in many oases 
 they are rotting in the cellars after being taken in.' Turnips are generjilly poor, and in many cases the 
 farmers are turning the cattle in and pasturing them off. 
 
 Edward Halter, Waterloo, Waterloo; Potatoes have been large and good, but very little of the crop 
 will be saved — I can safely say not one-fourth. The rotting is something I have never seen the equal of 
 in 43 years here. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Carrots and mangels are pretty good, but are injured by running 
 to seed. 
 
 Wm. McKinley, Luther, Dufferin : The fly in spring destroyed nearly all the turnips here. 
 
 James Stull, Grantham, Lincoln : Potatoes were a very good crop until the rot set in about the middle 
 . of September. The early varieties that were not dug are nearly all rotten. 
 
 R. Postans, Trafalgar, Halton : My own crop of potatoes is very fine, and the yield excellent. Many 
 weigh over lib. each ; some over 4 lb. Very few are hurt by rot, but on low land the rot is very bad. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousy, Peel : I find that early planted fields maturing early have escaped the rot. 
 
 T>. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Many fields of turnips were nearly destroyed by the turnip fly 
 in early growth. The quality of those left is good. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobiooke, York: There were two-thirds of an average crop of potatoes, but they are 
 rotting by wholesale. Several large flelds here will not be taken up, as there are not enough sound potatoen 
 to pay for the work. 
 
13 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brook, Ontario ; The rot is bad in some varieties, while others are almost free in the 
 same field. The Rural Blush appears to be almost free from disease. 
 
 Thomas Cain, Scott, Ontario ; Potatoes were a very large and promising crop until injured by rot fully 
 one-half. They are not so much diseased on light sandy grounds as on clay grounds. Persons who dug 
 early say they are rotting badly. Turnips are mostly very small and rotting at the roots. 
 
 Joseph Picket, Uxbridge, Ontario : Turnips are almost a failure compared with last year. There is 
 in most of them a small bruwn streak in the centre. 
 
 James McCuUough, jr., Uxbridge, Ontario: This section of the county seems to be especially adapted for 
 potatoes. Those who were fortunate enough to plant them in any considerable quantities are now reaping 
 a harvest. 
 
 Wm. J. Grandy, Mauvers, Durham ; Turnips are a great deal destroyed by grasshoppers. 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredericksburgh, Lennox: The Early Rose potato, planted early on high and 
 loamy soil, was of good quality and yielded well ; but late potatoes of all varieties are almost a total failure 
 from the dry rot. Many farmers have not gathered their crop where they were planted' on low land, they are 
 so badly rotted. . 
 
 Leonard Wager, Sheflaeld, Addington : All the potatoes in my neighborhood that were ripe in August 
 have no sign of rot ; but the later ones are nearly all rotten now. ' 
 
 R. J. Duplop, Pittsburgh, Frontenao : Potatoes will be generally small, as the large ones seem to be 
 more affected with rot than the small ones. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Front of Lansdowne, Leeds : Potatoes planted on high, light soil escaped the rot, 
 but are small and below an average crop. There was a blight or slight frost that killed the tops before the 
 potatoes had attained their fuU growth. 
 
 G. C. Tracy, Williamsburgh, Dundas : Potatoes are an abundant crop, but two-thirds rotted. The 
 only variety that escaped entirely is the Garnet Chili. 
 
 P. E. Buoke, Ottawa, Carleton : The potato rot has done serious damage to tubers in this locality, but 
 the extent cannot be yet ascertained, as the potatoes which are gathered sound decay afterwards in pits and 
 cellars. 
 
 David Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : PotatoeSj quality good. No rot seen about here yet. 
 
 Thomas Roch, Hagarty, Renfrew : Splendid quality of potatoes : no^njxiry from any source. 
 
 George W. Deller, Cardiff, Haliburton : Pt)tatoes generally are exceedinly good in this township. We 
 seem to have escaped the rot altogether. In fact several report that they have not seen so little rot for 
 years. Others are of an excellent quality. 
 
 Dan. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Early potatoes, where planted early, are very good. Late 
 potatoes, and all late planted, will not be half a crop, the August frost having killed them. I do not hear 
 of any rot. 
 
 A. Wiancko, Morrison, Muskoka : Potatoes yielded well. Those taken up early — in the end of 
 September — seem to keep well. There is rot in most places, but in different degrees. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, (Carnarvon, Algoma: The tumjp crop is good, but in most places the turnips had to 
 . be re-sown two or three times, as the fly did away with them. 
 
 CLOVER SEED. 
 
 The midge has wrought .sad havoc with the seed clover this year. The first brood of 
 the insi^c% which developes in June, was very destructive in the early 6(^^.5, and the 
 August repoi-t of the Bu'eau expres.sed a general fear that "nothing will save the seed crop 
 from seiious dainagp, if not complete destiuction, by the .second brcod of this pest, which 
 usually conies out in August." Tlie event shows this alarm to have been fully justifii d. 
 In the eistfrn and northern sections of the province scarcely any attempt is made to grovr 
 clover for seed ; but throughout south-western and central Ontario, which i.s the habitat 
 of this crop, widi spread, sometinaes total failure from the ravagi s of the midge forms the 
 tenor of the reports. The lateness of the haying season, followed by a period of dry 
 weather, renden d the second crop of clover all the more open to the attacks of its enemy. 
 Many correspondents also lepon that the extreme moisture of the latter part of the snip- 
 mcr stimulated a too rank growth, which was against successful blossoming and the healthy 
 maturing of seed. Occasionally, however, a quite iavourable report relieves the darkness 
 of the picture. There is a remarkable concurrence of testimony from experienced farmers 
 that a yield of clover seed can no longer be depended upon with anv degree of certainty 
 where two crops aie cut in the season. Almost every instance of failure has been in the case 
 of the second crop. Wherever the clover fields were pastured until the beginning or, middle of 
 June, and then left to grow for seed, fairly successful results have "been obtained. The 
 
14 
 
 x!rop becomes so well advanced by the time the August brood of the midge appears as to 
 be pretty secure from its attacks. This fact, which has been referred to m previous 
 reports of the Bureau, cannot be too fetrongly emphasized, and it affords a good reason 
 why farmers need not abandon wholly the attrmpt to raise clover seed, as many of them 
 are doing. It is to this practice, so far as it has been attended to, that we are indebted 
 for even the small yield of seed we have this year. Alsike, wherever grown, is reported 
 to have been in every way successful, unaffected either by the midge or any other ad \ferse 
 influence. In' some of the Lake Erie counties the grasshopers joined theii- forces to those 
 of the midge, and did considerable damage. There has been, happily, an almost entire 
 absence of injurious frosts. 
 
 Art'iur J. Arner, Gosfield, Essex : The clover crop is in a most pitiable condition, the great majority of 
 the fields bein? almost a total failure. The grasshoppers did the greatest damage by far. , ; 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : Clover for seed has ripened very uneven. Much was not more than half 
 ripe when frost came. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Grasshoppers and insects nearly cleaned out the seed crop. M-anjy far- 
 mers never had any. ; ■ ' 
 Francis Gifford, Camden, Kent : I am afraid, an entire failure from midge. 
 
 Georsre Green, Chatham, Kent: Not very good^as the hay was taken off so late the seed had not time 
 to mature : but where it was pastured, it is good. . >; ( 
 
 James Maofarlane, Dover, Kent : I had less than a bushel per acre. Neither frost nor midge seiem to 
 blame. Clover threshing machines are standing idle. 
 
 Robert Cumming, Harwich, Kent : It is scarcely worth harvesting. The midge was its greatest eiiemy. 
 
 F. B. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : Much better than anticipated— seed an excellent sample. Some small 
 patches of late growth were caught with frost ; no midge. 
 
 R. H. Waddell, Tilbury East, Kent : The crop of clover for seed grew rapidly at first, but in some 
 instances was laid flat by heavy rains. Then a second growth came up, which of course did not mature, being 
 checked by frost. Owing to showery weather, much of it is still lying in the fields. 
 
 D. McKillop, Aldborough, Elgin : Midge destroyed 70 or 80 per cent, of the crop. 
 
 John McLean, Aldborough, Elgin : There will be no seed, except in fields th^t were pastured till the 
 middle of June. . The midge eats out all the clover that is cut for hay and left for seed. 
 
 John L. Sherk, South Dorchester, Elgin : Clover is good where it was pastured till about the middle of 
 June ; but where it was cut for hay the second crop is a complete failure on account of the midge. ' 
 
 C. H. Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : The clover midge of late years is so sure to take om- clover seed 
 that we do not try to raise it, but pasture the second growth, and buy our seed from other parts. Some far- 
 mers mow or pasture till the tenth pf June, and get a crop of seed between the two regular attacks of the 
 midge. ' 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : Very little clover was saved for seed, but what was saved 
 yielded a good crop and a good sample. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : The second crop of clover is a failure, caused by a dry spell just after 
 cutting the first crop, and the yield may not be over one-fourth of what usually was considered a fair crop. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : From present indications the crop has been hurt to the extent of 
 about 75 per cent, by the midge. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton ; Varies very much. Where pastured with sheep up to June, 
 very good, preventing the appearance of the second brood of midge. This neglected, it is not worth thresh- 
 ing, and is better fed to caftle. ' 1 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton ; The harvest rains brought forward such a vigorous growth of 
 clover that very little of it matured for seed. 
 
 A. A. Meyers, Sonibra, Lambton : The clover crop for seed is almost a total failure here. Larg^ fields 
 failed to blossom. The midge does not appear tpbe the cause of the failure. 
 
 Robert Currie, East Wawanosh, Huron : We have not had any seed for three years in this part of the 
 gOuntry ; damaged by midge. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : The farmers in this section have given up raising seed on acobtnt of 
 the midge'. / 
 
 John Lennox, InnisfiJ, Simooe : Tlie only cloyer seed we can get is to pasture till tbe middle of June, 
 a,nd cut for seed in the beginning of September. We cannot get seed after a crop of hay, as the midge eats 
 itall. ' 
 
 J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex : Fields that were mown for hay in July were worthless for seed, the 
 midge having destroyed it all. Fields that were pastured until from the 12th to the 20th of June will have 
 some seed, probably from two to three bushels per acre. ' ■ > 
 
 ^ Richard JollifEe, North Dorchester, Middlesex: Clover, as in the past three years, does not prctoiise a 
 yield of over half a crop— from what bause I cannot say. I don't think the failure is altogether caused by 
 the inidge. , , , 
 
15 
 
 R. A. Brown, West Nissouri, Middlesex : Where it was pastured till the first week or two in June, and 
 then has taken its chances, with a good rich bed to feed from, it is above what it has been for years -nothing 
 has aSected it in any way ; but clover late cut or on poor land is affected by midge, and nearly all eaten up. 
 
 E. H. Brown, Bast Nissouri, Oxford: The season was so baelcward that the second growth was too late 
 for use for seed. 
 
 I M. W. Schell, East Oxford, Oxford : Owing to frequent rains it did not mature, and was therefore cut 
 for hay. 
 
 Alexander Martin, Downie, Perth : The grass was heavy, but seed poor. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : The midge was sp bad in the spring crop that everybody pastured 
 the second crop. , , . ' ' 
 
 Robert luksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : We have had to give up raising clover seed on account of the 
 midge. 
 
 R. Postans, Trafalgar, Haltbn v A great deal of the red clover crop never bloomed on account of the 
 midge. Farmers should examine their clover seed very closely. Through sowing some foul seed, though 
 apparently clean, I have had twelve acres seeded badly with wild flax. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousy, Peel : The midge' ruined all fields except those pastured till thelpth of 
 June. 
 
 Peter MoLeod, Chinguacousy, Peel : Alsike clover for seed was an exceptionally good crop. No red 
 clover for seed was grown in the vicinity, that I am aware of. " 
 
 N. A. Malloy, Vaughan, York : Where pastured till the middle of June or cut at that time, a fair crop ; 
 of no account elsewhere, being damaged by t$e jnidge. 
 
 Henry Glendenning, Brock, Ontario : The damage caused by the midge for the last two or three years 
 has made the farmers turn their attention to pasturing their clover fields, instead of trying to grow, seed after 
 taking off a crop of hay. 
 
 John Foy, Scugog, Ontario : The midge has ruined the business of raising clover seed. . , 
 
 A. Wiancko, Morrison, Muskoka : We do not raise clover for seed f6r the want of a thresher, although 
 «o far it is free from insect enemies and comes to perfection , 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon,' Algoma : I have only seen a sample of clover seed exhibited at our agricul- 
 tural show, which was very good. There is but very little grown here, although it turns out very well when- 
 ever tried. 
 
 THE NEW CROP OF FALL WHEAT. 
 
 A considesably increased acreage under fall wheat is the rule this year throughout 
 those portions of the province where this cereal is the staple crop. In eastern Ontario, 
 where its liability to winter-killing renders it less successful than spring wheat, there is 
 no perceptible change in the small area devoted to its cultivation. The IStte harvest made 
 ploughing and seeding rather backward, and operations were further delayed in the 
 southerly districts of the province by the excessive rains which succeeded in the, parly 
 part of September. These being in turn followed by a somewhat extended period of dry 
 weather, the ground in many places, particularly on stubble lands, became baked and 
 lumpy, and sowing was consequently difficult. In the case of fallowed land the conditions 
 were more generally favorable. However, although seeding was delayed, the young 
 plant made a prompt and vigorous start ; and as we have thus far enjoyed a fine, mild, 
 open fall, with a general absence of heavy frosts, and sufficient moisture to promote active 
 growth, the new wheat fields at this date present a very thrifty and promising appearance. 
 \f^ith a continuance of auspicious weather for a few weeks more, they will be in good 
 condition to meet the advent of the snow. The wire worm has been at work on the 
 wheat roots in a good many localities in western Ontario, and a few yellow patches in 
 the fields indicate the presence of the Hessian fly ; but the injury done by these pests is 
 on the whole insignificant. Some fields, too, which were sown very early were attacked 
 about the edges by grasshoppers, and one correspondent expresses some alarm that this 
 pest will return in force next summer. Otherwise the crops have been unmolested. 
 
 Arthur J. Arner, Gosfield, Essex : The ground was in excellent condition for seeding, till, abou,t the 15th 
 of September, and the wheat sown between the let and 15th makes a fine appearance; at present. Later 
 sown fields look spotted, the wheat on the drier parts of the field not germnating properly. \ 
 
16 
 
 Robert Manery, Mersea, Essex : We could have no better seed-bed than we had this fall. Early sown 
 'ooks splendid ; late sown looks healthy, but rather thin. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : All high or well-drained land was in good condition, but low-lying 
 or heavy soils were wet in the fore part and baked in the latter part of seeding. 
 
 Daniel Black, Dunwich, Elgin : There is more wheat sown this year than there has been for a number 
 of years, and it never looked better ; there is not a poor field around here. The ground was in splendid 
 condition at the time of sowing ; it was easily worked, and there was plenty of moisture. There are som<> 
 yellow spots in the fields, but I do not think they will do any harm, as the rains are making them look all 
 right. 
 
 C. H. Kitchen, Townaend, Norfolk : I think the acreage of fall wheat sown is somewhat increased over 
 last year, from the prevailing npinion tllat the price of wheat must come up next season on account of the 
 dehcient wheat crop aU over the world this last harvest. 
 
 John Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : The present appearance of fall wheat is all that could be desired. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : Clay land had become greatly compacted by the heavy rains of the 
 summer, and was not in very good state at seeding time, but the early sown has made a goo 1 growth and is 
 now looking well. A good deal of the late sown did not come up on account of the dry weather. 
 
 Simon Bums, Dawn, Lambton : The crops look splendid at present, there being no enemy so far to 
 contend with. 
 
 James Watson, Mo; re, Lambton : The wheat sown from the 1st to the 10th of September got a good 
 start, as the ground was then moist. Drought set in, and from the 10th of September to the 1st of October 
 the ground got hard in clay soils, with scarcely sufficient moisture to germinate the seed, but subsequent 
 rains have brought it up, and now it looks pretty well. 
 
 James Mitchell, Howick, Huron: The condition of the ground at seeding time was the very best. 
 There were frequent showers and the seed sprung up at once, and the present appearance of the wheat is 
 equal to that of any previous year. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuokersmith, Huron : The fine, warm fall and genial rains have pushed the young 
 wheat plant ahead splendidly. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : The present appearance of the crop is generally better than I have ever 
 seen it here. y 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : The seed bed of what was sown in August was good. The heavy rains of 
 the first two weeks in September left the ground very wet and cold. J all wheat looks very backward and 
 sickly for this season of the year. The Hessian fly has made its appearance for the first time in this section 
 of country. 
 
 John McCallum, Bentinck, Grey : The condition of the early sown was good, the ground being' in very 
 fine order. The warm, genial showers that prevailed at the time caused the seed to start at once, and the 
 blade has a healthy appearance. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : The acreage of fall wheat sown as compared with this year's crop ia 
 about one-third more, owing to the failure of spring wheat by rust. 
 
 James Alexander, Kkfrid, Middlesex : Wheat sown alongside of grass fields is considerably eaten up 
 by the grasshoppers, but only the outside ridge. 
 
 James Sijton, North Oxford, Oxford : The ground was rather dry at time of seeding, but at present the 
 crop could not look better. No insect has yet troubled it. , 
 
 W. B. Freeborn, Momington, Perth : The ground at seeding time was rather wet, which was the cause 
 of a great amount of late sowmg. 
 
 Charles Masson, Eramosa, Wellington : There is one-third more fall wheat sown than there was last 
 year. It has been put in earlier, and in general the ground was in a good state of cultivation. Tlie present 
 appearance of the wheat ia very promising ; the blade is of a dark green colour, and looks as if it would 
 stand the winter well. / 
 
 J. W. Gilmour, Peel, Wellington : As the wheat in this section is nearly all sown after either peas or 
 barley, the ground being consequently baked and in many cases too wet to make a good-bed, the crop 
 does not look as well as the wheat did at this time last year. 
 
 James Wilson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Wheat sown after the 7th of September this year is not 
 covering the ground nearly so well as that sown during the first week of September. Heavy rain in the 
 second week.delayed sowing several days, besides making the ground cold, so Uiat a good deal of the wheat 
 is going to have a rather small top at the commencement of winter. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : A great breadth of fall wheat stubble is sown again without manure. 
 The plants look weak and wUl heave with the frost. It is a waste of seed to re-sow upon exhausted land 
 with winter wheat. The majority of our farmers summer-fallow stubble, plough in the fall and three or four 
 times through the summer, to kill Canada thistles. They work the land to death. Winter wheat kUla 
 worse on fallows of this kind than on any other. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, South Grimsby, Lincoln : The crop in general presents a promising appearance. 
 
 Robert Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : On account of the late and wet season, the ground was not in 
 the best condition at seeding time, but it looks very well now. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousy, Peel : Owing to heavy rains early in September, fallows were so much 
 saturated with moisture that they could not be ridged up or sown until very late in the season, and then 
 they were not in a very tillable condition. Hence the crop is very backward, and many fields did not oome 
 up evenly. 
 
17 
 
 T. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterborough : The grasshopp era have eaten a little round the fences, and I am 
 ;»fr»id they will-do much injury next year. 
 
 J. M. Drummoiid, Otonabee, Peterborough; It is remarkable that this year fall wheat has made agw 
 :growth, but ijx9t4he grass. Last fall it was just the re verse^the grass was good and wheat not 89 rar* tvi, 
 
 naxriT iCND feuit trees. 
 
 The Eruit product of the year has'4)een, on the whole, a good one. No section of the 
 ;province has been without a fair supply of fruit of one kind orfenother for the home 
 wants of the inhabitants, and in most'cases they have had a surplus to send abroad. 
 
 The apple crop, although considerably smaller than last year's, has been exfceptionally 
 large for an "off year." In almost every one of the older-settled countie3 where apples 
 are regdlarly cultivated, a surplus of generally excellent quality is reported. Fall and 
 winter apples, especiaUy, hais^e turned out much better than they were expected to do at 
 the time of the midsuiamer report. In some of the counties on the north shore of Lake 
 ■Ontarits wind storms blew a good many apples to the ground. There is occasional men- 
 tion, als®^ of the ravages of the codling worm ; but the principal fruit districts of the 
 province have been less affected by this pest than in other years, and the apples are as a 
 rule soMmd and firm in flesh, and clean in skin. The exportations of apples to England 
 and the JSTorth-west, especially from western Ontario, have been great. Some farmers, 
 however, say that the sluggish demand and low prices have induced them to keep their 
 apples t© feed to their cattle and hogs. ^ 
 
 Witli regard to other fruits, the conclusions of the August report are generally borne 
 out. la the Lake Erie, Lake Huron and West Midland districts, in the Niagara pen- 
 insula, aad in the counties of Northumberland and Prince Edward, pears were moderately 
 plentiful, with a fair surplus above local needs, and the crop was sound and healthy. The 
 supply of peaches was so extremely limited as to be almost wholly confined to a few' 
 sheltered localities in the Niagara peninsula. The severity of the last two winters was 
 terribly fatal to peach trees. The effects of the curculio and black knot have been sadly 
 felt throughout western Ontario in a greatly diminished yield of plums. This loss was 
 to some extent counterbalanced in the Lake Ontario, St. Lawrence and Ottawa, and East 
 Midland .districts, as well as in some portions of the Georgian Bay and Lake Huron 
 counties, where these troubles are less prevalent, and where considerable surpluses of 
 plums were obtained. The cherry crop was an insignificant one, owing to the widespread 
 destruction flf trees by black-knot. There were enormous quantities of grapes and all 
 small fruits, while wild berries of all kinds were never more abundant. 
 
 The greatest scourge of the orchards during the year has been frost, either last 
 winter, which was unusually severe, or last spring, which was unusually late, long and 
 <3old. From this cause large numbers of trees have died. In the northern and eastern 
 sections of the province all kinds of trees, old and young alike, were affected ; through- 
 out western and southern Ontario the loss was confined chiefly to peach trees and young 
 apple trees of the more tender varieties. The apple-tree borer has also wrought con- 
 siderable damage during the summer. At present, however, the orchards are everywhere 
 reported to be in a'highly promising condition. Under the influence of the long spell of 
 fine, open, growing weather we have had and are having, the trees are recovering rapidly 
 and show a large addition of well ripened wood, 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : With the exoption of peaches, the fruit trees look well. There is no 
 injury from storms, blight or frost, but the insects are doing considerable damage, especially to apples, much 
 of the fruit-falling off when half grown. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Many trees are dying. Fruit was very much injured by a blight m 
 time of blossoming, and by storms shortly after the fruit was shaped. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : A large quantity of winter apples is being shipped from this eo inty 
 to Winnipeg and Montreal. ■ 
 
 B.T.~ 2 
 
18 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Winter apples very good ; turning out better than was expected. 
 George Russell, Yarmouth, Elgin : Apple trees were badly damaged by a hail storm in June. • 
 
 Samuel Williams, Southwold, Elgin : Apples are in abundance ; many are being fed to hogs, there 
 being no market for them. 
 
 John A. Campbell, Windham, Norfolk : Fruit trees are recovering from the effects of the extreme cold 
 of the past two years. ' 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : The condition of fruit trees is better than it has been for 
 years. The only pests are the borers. 
 
 John Senn, Oneida, Haldimand : Old trees are doing badly ; many are dying. The younger ones are 
 in prime condition. 
 
 J. B. Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : The apple crop is excellent. There are about 8,000 barrels for export 
 in this township. . 
 
 B. B. Smart, Sarnia, tambton : Lots of curculio, but those who sprayed or syringed their trees had a 
 
 food crop of plums. Large quanities of fall and winter apples are being shipped to the North-west and to 
 ingland. 
 
 Joseph Osborne, Plympton, Lambton : It is noticeable that many apple trees are dying. 
 
 James Watson, Moore, Lambton : The heaviest apple crop ever grown in this section, i'rost and rains 
 prevented the fruit from setting the past two years, and the codling moth was almost starved out, so that the 
 crop escaped its ravages this season. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : In the history of this township and others as well, there never 
 was such an abundant crop of apples. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Carpocapsi pomorella xery bad, where hogs and sheep do not 
 feed in the orchards. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : Ovring to the large number of young orchards coming into 
 bearing and young trees planted out, the crop of 1885 will not fall more than 20 per cent, below that of 1884. 
 Thousands of bushels of fall apples were fed to pigs and cows, made into cider, or left to rot in the orchard. 
 
 John Beattie, MoKillop, Huron : A large quantity of apples have been shipped from the county of 
 Huron, principally to Manitoba. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : Pear trees are dying from the blight of 1884. 
 
 A. McD. Allan, Goderich, Huron : The loss by insect pests has been very small, and mostly confined to 
 sections or orchards which are neglected ; fruit in cultivated, well drained and manured soils being of extra 
 fine quality this year. Scarcely any damage has been done this year by blight, and none by frost. The 
 only storm damage has been in fallen fruit, but this is as often a benefit as otherwise, as the worm-eaten 
 specimens are generally more liable to fall than the clean, sound specimens. There has been a surplus of 
 all fruits— a large surplus of plums and apples, and the quality is dxtra fine. 
 
 M. J. Norris, Eastnor, Bruce : A great many young apple trees were kUled out last winter. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Last winter left every orchard with a number of dead and dying trees in 
 it, but the survivors have done well. There is less loss from insects this year than for many years. 
 
 R. Gillies, Sullivan, Grey : The following grapes have ripened here this season : Champion, Concord, 
 Moore's Early, Rogers No. 3 and 15, and Worden. 
 
 Henry Atkey, Keppel, Grey : I would suggest that much of the destruction of apple trees arises from 
 ignorance of the proper varieties. Information on this point is much needed. 
 
 Alexander Stephen, SulUvan, Grey ; The general condition of fruit trees is not good. Last winter 
 killed thousands of trees in this neighborhood, some orchards being nearly all destroyed. 
 
 John Mackenzie, Sarawak, Grey : Along the shore trees are good, and the crop good. Back in the 
 . country frost last winter damaged the trees. 
 
 Daniel MarshaE, Keppel, Grey; Many trees injured by last winter have been dwindling away all 
 summer. Those not hurt by frost are in a healthy condition. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : A considerable number of trees have died from some pest or other ; I 
 believe it was the borer. The trees turned black near the ground, and the bark peeled off. 
 
 6eorg« Clark, CoUingwood, Grey : Fruit trees have not put on as much new wood as they commonly do 
 in one season. 
 
 H. McRae, Bentinck, Grey : In passing through the townships there is hardly an orchard in which 
 more or less dead trees are not observed, from blight or early frost, when the leaf was young. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : The effects of last winter are stiU to be noticed in dead trees 
 scattered through orchards. The tree borer is the worst pest. There is a very good crop of fall apples, but 
 winter apples are scarce. Winter fruit does not appear to do as well as early and fall apples in this part. 
 
 James Robertson, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Some trees decaying owing to fire blight. 
 
 James Alexander, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Fruit trees suffered considerably from the severity of last winter, 
 more so than they have done for the last twenty years. 
 
 Wm. A. Caverhill, Lobo, Middlesex : More apples will be shipped from here than ever before in a single 
 season. 
 
 Joshua Irvine, Lobo, Middlesex : Several thousand barrels of apples are being shipped from this 
 township at $1 a barrel for winter, and 75 cents for fall. 
 
19 
 
 R. W. Giffin, West Nisaouri, Middlesex : A large percentage of apple trees have been blighted — I 
 think about 75 ]per cent. One of my neighbors trimmed his orchard heavily as soon as he discovered the 
 blight, and I think with good success. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : The apple trees have not done as well as formerly ; the severe 
 frost of last winter killed a number and injured many more. The Golden Sweet suffered moat and the 
 Spitzenburg next, while the Spies, Russetts and Greenings are very thrifty. The snow apple, St. Lawrence, 
 Spitzenburg and Rambo are spotted and cracked. I do not think that insect pesta were so numerous as 
 formerly. 
 
 _ Peter Stewart, West Williams, Middlesex : Those trees that survived the frosts of last winter seem all 
 right, but a great many trees were then killed, some orchards losing 14 or 15 trees. 
 
 M. W. Schell, West Oxford, Oxford : Apples were never freer from the codling moth. 
 
 C. Jarvis, Brantford, Brant : The curoulio is not nearly so bad as formerly ; perhaps it has been starved 
 for want of plums, as there were none last year. We had a good dose of them this year. 
 
 William Courtice, Fullarton, Perth : Some of the trees in some young orchards are dying ; I do not 
 know the cause. 
 
 John Booth, Maryborough, Wellington : A great many of the fruit trees appear to be blighted. 
 
 Walter Quennell, Minto, Wellington : A good many young fruit trees have died, supposed to be in con- 
 sequence of the severe winter of 1884-5. 
 
 James Wilson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : A good many branches of apple, pear, cherry and plum 
 trees stiU continue to die off, and the whole tree sometimes becomes so affected that it dies altogether. 
 In my own orchard there have been fewer insect pests this season than for a considerable time past. There 
 are comparatively few wormy apples. 
 
 Benjamin Devitt, Waterloo, Waterloo : Apple trees are in a bad condition, having been frozen in spring 
 after the sap had risen. Blight has about left our section. The plum and cherry trees are nearly all gone. 
 
 _ Jidward Halter, Waterlocf, Waterloo : Fruit trees are dying off every year more and more, and trees \ 
 which are planted where old ones died will very seldom grow. I believe farmers should plant new orchards, 
 as young trees will not grow in places where old trees have died. 
 
 George Risk, Wilmot, Waterloo : Many apple trees are dying. The bark splits open from the ground 
 up to the limbs. 
 
 David Spence, Amaranth, Dufferin : Storms and high winds when the fruit was setting caused much 
 damage and loss ; but apples are more plentiful than was expected. 
 
 James Stull, Grantham, Lincoln : Young trees haye made a great'growth this season. Apples on clay are 
 mostly all destroyed by the moth worm. 
 
 A. G. Muir, North Grimsby, Lincoln : Many tons of grapes are atiU hanging on the vines for want of a 
 market. It has become a vital question with many what to do with grapes, for quantities that were 
 formerly made into wine are now thrown upon the market on account of the Scott Act. 
 
 D. B. Rittenhouse, Louth, Lincoln : A great surplus of apples ; many apples not sold yet ; very few 
 buyers. 
 
 Thomas Shaw, Binbrook, Wentworth : Apple trees are still suffering from the cold spring winds of the 
 last three seetsons. 
 
 George Hart, Saltfleet, Wentworth : The severity of last winter destroyed most of the pests. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : The condition of trees and vines is first-class. They made an extra 
 ■fine growth this year— the best I ever saw. Insect pests generally did not do as much damage as usual. 
 Grapes suffered badly from mildew and rot. Large quantities of fruit have been exported, especially grapes, 
 •of which about 80 tons have been shipped from Winona station alone. 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : The codling moth has not been so bad as it was a few years ago. 
 
 James A. Newlove, Albion, Peel : About one-half of the apples blown off by high winds. 
 
 Wm. Rutledge, Cale'don, Peel : Frost last winter killed a large number of trees and injured many, 
 which have recovered, owing to there being no fruit to check the wood growth. 
 
 Archibald McKinnon, Caledon, Peel : The high winds in August and the beginning of September 
 •damaged fruit considerably. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : Considerable codling moth in the apples, and wind storms have shaken 
 off a great part of the fruit prematurely. 
 
 F. 0. Sibbald, Georgina, York : Many trees were killed by the severe frost last winter. 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Fruit trees are in good condition, except pears, which are dying 
 ■off considerably. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : Fruit trees have suffered very much from last winter's frost. The 
 full extent of the damage was not visible until the autumn. Large numbers of trees that looked healthy m 
 the spring now show to be badly diseased around the base of the limbs, and are being attacked by the borers. 
 The fruit is freer from the codling moth than it has been for years. 
 
 S. H. Stevenson, Pickering, Ontario: Fruit trees are in a very good condition except pear trees, which 
 have been kHled off to a great extent— some think by a hail storm which passed through this part two 
 years ago. 
 
 / 
 
20 
 
 Kobert Hodge, sr., Clarke, Durham : Quite a large surplus of apples has been shipped to the English 
 market. 
 
 C. A. Mallory, Percy, Northumberland : Fruit trees are in fair condition, except cherries and plums 
 which are being destroyed by black knot. The fruit was blown to the ground more than usual by wind* 
 and storms. 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : Plums and common pears rotted by the bushel for want of 
 a market. 
 
 C. R. Allison, Fredericksburgh, Lennox : Fruit trees are in very good condition, particularly apples. 
 They have not been hurt by insects so much as for several years past, but the fruit, particularly apples, wa» 
 injured by frost while in blossom. 
 
 Alexander Ritchie, Storrington, Frontenao : Apples were blown ofE by heavy winds. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : A large surplus of apples, plums and berries of all kinds. 
 
 Isaiah Wright, Augusta, Grenville : Great supply of apples and plums— far beyond what is required 
 for local consumption. 
 
 Gideon Fairbaim, Edwardsburgh, Grenville : Farmers have had great difficulty in disposing of their 
 apples, and in some cases have fed large quantities to hogs. 
 
 G. F. Benson, Edwardsburgh, Grenville : Plums seem to have proved the most successful cropjthis year. 
 
 Alexander Thomson, Yonge, Leeds : We are feeding apples to cows and hogs. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : The fruit crop was the best we have had for years. 
 
 James Wylie, East Hawkesbury, Prescott : Some apple trees are djdng ; worms'are'f ound in the roots. 
 
 W. P. Taylor, Fitzroy, Carleton : Fruit trees from some (to me) unknown cause suffered much from 
 ast winter. We have never yet raised sufficient fruit for local consumption. 
 
 W. H. Berry, March, Carleton : Many trees die off without apparent cause — ^possibly from blight. 
 
 P. E. Bucke, Nepean, Carleton : Frost destroyed a large quantity of grapes, which had not ripened 
 owing to the cool August and September months. Large quantities of fruit are imported from the West 
 and the United States for local consumption. Collections of fruits have been made here and preserved in 
 salicylic acid for the Colonial Exhibition in London, England, in 1886. The samples were very fine. "" '■' 
 
 J. M. Kennedy, Alice, Renfrew : A great many apple trees died last spring. Those^that were healthy 
 yielded well. The apple tree borer destroyed a great many trees, 
 
 John Stewart, McNab, Renfrew : The bark louse and borer are doing considerable [injury to some 
 orchards. 
 
 Wm. Selkirk, Petewawa, Renfrew : We cannot get fruit trees to do well here. There is a small white 
 grub that cuts the sap wood inside of the bark and kiUs the trees, and fanners have quit trying to grow 
 them. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : Fruit trees have a black appearance in the bark, which I think is 
 the effect of hard frosts last spring. Some have died in almost every orchard ; others appear as if they 
 will soon succumb to the same cause. 
 
 John Fell, senior, Somerville, Victoria : Fruit trees were considerably killed last winter, it is supposed 
 by frost, which was severe. Those surviving have borne heavy crops, and have been less idfected by mseets 
 than usual. 
 
 Hugh Caldwell, Chandos, Peterborough : Fruit blossoms were kiUed by spring frost. 
 
 John Maloney, Douro, Peterborough : The plum crop was nearly all destroyed by the curculio. • The 
 apple crop suffered considerably from the ravages of the codling worm. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterborough : Some of the plum trees have died in some sections. I attribute 
 t to too much moisture. 
 
 James S. Caimduff, Harvey, Peterborough : Apple and pear trees were blighted in the spring just after 
 blossoming. Many of them put out fresh blossoms in August, and set fruit until the frost in September 
 cut them off. 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : The severity of last vsdnter kUled a great many fruit trees. Those 
 that escaped look well. 
 
 Stephen Brundige, Ryde, Muskoka : Fruit trees were nearly all killed by the winter frosts. In the 
 , spring the trees looked well, but as soon as the growth started they split in the bark from the ground right 
 to the branches, and;the tree withered. 
 
 Edward Bray, jr., Stephenson and Stisted, Muskoka: More fruit trees were killed last winter than in 
 any previous one. It made no difference whether they were on light or heavy soil. At the fair held at 
 Himtsville there were no apples exhibited this year except crab-apples. There were two exhibits of grapes. 
 The borer killed some trees. 
 
 Henry W. GiU, Watt, Muskoka : A great many trees lost last winter haye not been replaced. Soma 
 »f our most prominent orchardists have become disjieartened. 
 
21 
 
 PASTURES AND LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The condition of fall pastures is by no means unif oriti all over the province. On the 
 contrary, there is a great deal of divergence, and even of contradictoriness in the reports. 
 Sometimes in the same township one correspondent describes them as very good, and 
 another as very poor. It is consequently impossible to make any remark concerning them 
 which -would be applicable to the province at large. This variation, as in the case of all 
 crops, is doubtless to be accounted tor quite as much by differences in soil, drainage and 
 general cultivation, as by peculiar climatic or" atmospheric conditions. It may be said, 
 however, that throughout the southerly and westerly districts of the province, as in the 
 Lake Erie, Lake Huron, "West Midland and Lake Ontario counties, pastures are with a 
 few exceptions luxuriant in consequence of the copious, rains which have fallen at pretty 
 regular intervals during the summer, and under the favorable influence of the mild, open 
 weather of the early fall. Yet a good many correspondents say that the excessive rains, 
 while stimulating a heavy growth of grass, have rendered it deficient in nutriment. In 
 other sections, as in Bruce and the Georgian Bay, St. Lawrence and Ottawa, East Midland 
 and Northern districts, pastures were much more susceptible to the dry weather of Sep- 
 tember ancj October, which, with a rather low temperature and some frosty nights, have 
 left them in most cases comparatively short and bare. The depredations of grasshoppers 
 in pastures are also a slight source of complaint. 
 
 The condition of live stock corresponds generally with the condition of pasturage. 
 Where the latter has been abundant all animals are reported as plump and thrifty, and 
 vice versa. But even where they are thin in flesh they are remarkably healthy ; the tem- 
 perate summer, with no great extremes of heat or cold, and the open fall, having been in 
 every way favorable to them. Horned cattle appear to be absolutely free from disease 
 of any kind ; and with regard to hogs, although considerable loss was suflered from cholera in 
 some western localities early in the fall season, there remain now only a very few scattered 
 cases in Essex, Kent and Brant. Sheep are reported in a good many instances to be not 
 so thrifty as they should be, the excessive wetness of the season having told against them. 
 
 In the matter of stall-feeding, the customs of the farmers of Ontario difier very 
 much, being affected largely by the general character of their products and the lobal con- 
 dition of the markets. Where there is plenty of good pasturage, as in the newer districts 
 of the country, or where stock-raisers are content to supply the demands of the local trade 
 only, animals are generally sold off the grass, and very little winter fattening is attempted. 
 On the other hand, farmers who grow large quantities of coarse grains and roots are 
 encouraged to stable their stock to meet the pretty constant demand of the export trade. 
 The weather so far has been so mild that animals are in most cases still in the fields. It 
 is only where the pastures have absolutely failed that farmers have begun to put them up 
 for winter. 
 
 The market for live stock is reported to be inactive, a comparative absence of demand 
 •and low prices being the rule. As a correspondent tersely expresses it, " The prospect of 
 supplies for market is a great deal better than the prospect of a market for the supplies." 
 There have been a good many sales of cattle off the pastures for the British market, but 
 at present buyers are scarce and stocks are accumulating pretty largely in the hands of 
 farmers. While this is true of cattle and hogs, the number of sheep in the country 
 appears to be very greatly diminishing. Correspondents attribute this, first of all, to the 
 prevailing absence of demand and low price for wool, which render it unprofitable to 
 maintain sheep for that product alone ; and, in the absence of that source of revenue 
 3heep, simply as meat producers, do not pay so well as cattle and hogs. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : In consequence of hog cholera in parts of this county it is believed 
 ■we shall have no market for hogs this winter, 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : The competition of foreign wool is killing our wool growing industry. 
 The Michigan fanner gets 10 cents per lb. more for his wool than we do. 
 
 A. M. Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex: There ie a great surplus of general purpose horses. Cattle and 
 sheep are picked up as fast as they are ready for market. Hogs in some parts of the county died ofi 
 immensely, but this township was spared. There are many very fine hogs in Gosfield. 
 
22 
 
 J. G. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : More enterprise is shown yearly in the quality of stock. There is. 
 plenty of com and a big supply of hogs, but prices are likely to be low. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : The young and thrifty cattle have been picked up by American* 
 and shipped west. 
 
 Samuel Russell, Orford, Kent : Fall pastures have not been so good in several years, on account of raina 
 at pretty regular intervals. 
 
 Samuel MaccoU, Dunwioh, Elgin: Pastures are not equal to those of former years, owing to the 
 grasshopper pest. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : Sheep are not so plentiful as usual ; wool is too low in price. 
 
 John B. Sherk, South Dorchester, Elgin : There is very little stock fattened except hogs, which are 
 being fed now. Buyers have been shipping live hogs for the last two months. As we cannot compete with 
 the North-west in raising wheat, I think the farmers of Ontario would do well to turn their attention more 
 to raising good stock, both horses and cattle. People are breeding heavy horses lately, but they should be 
 careful not to go too far. In a few years driving horses will be scarce and command high prices. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Cattle are very low, and there is no sale for them. Hoga 
 have been mostly bought up live weight and shipped off. 
 
 J. A. Ramsden, Humberstone, Welland : We have a good many fat cattle and any quantity of sheep, 
 with a very poor market for both. Hogs are healthy and m good supply, and cheap. There is any amount, 
 of stuff for market, but no market. 
 
 J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : Our cattle look fine, as we have had a fine summer for pasture. 
 I have 40 steers to feed this winter, averaging 1,200 lbs. I have also 35 head of young cattle, aU in fine 
 condition. I find stock pays better than raising grain. Markets are very dull and low. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : I don't think so much live stock are being fatted this fall as usual. 
 Prices are low and the business diUl. 
 
 Robert Montgomery, EnniskiUen, Lambton : Shipping cattle are all gone, fair prices, having been 
 obtained for them. ' 
 
 James Watson, Moore, Lambton: Many farmers are turning their attention to stock raising and 
 fattening cattle. Prices are not high, but compare favorably with the prices realized for other farm 
 produce. There is no disease of any kind that I have heard of amongst any animals in Moore. 
 
 John Grant, Sombra, Lambton : The pastures have been extra good all the season, and aU stock are in 
 a very thriving condition. 
 
 Thomas Straclian, Grey, Huron : I thinli a good many cattle will be fattened, as they cannot be sold 
 now except for very low prices. 
 
 A. Drummond, Howick, Huron : A great many young cattle that ought to have been fed here have 
 been bought up and shipped away. \ 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : The season has not been very favorable for sheep. There has been too 
 much wet weather, and they are generally rather thin. 
 
 James Mitchell, Howick, Huron : Low prices seem to have the effect of leaving a full stock in farmers' 
 hands, so that the prospect of the market supply is good. 
 
 N. Robson, HuUett, Huron : Large numbers of grass-fed cattle have been shipped from here to the 
 English markets. Sheep are in good condition. Quite an extensive export trade has been done in them 
 this season. 
 
 G. Edwin CressweU, Tuckersmith, Huron : Live stock are. in "fine fix," to use a ranchman's expressive 
 term. Not many stall-fed cattle are put up in the stables as yet, owing to the promise of a light turnip crop. 
 I fear the number of stall-fed cattle will not be great. Lambs are mostly sold off to the Buffalo market. 
 
 John McMillan, Hullett, Huron : The tendency at present in this locality is to raise beef for the English 
 
 market, and in order to be successful none but pure-bred male animals should be used. Both breeders and 
 
 feeders, as well as those who buy and ship, lose money on rough animals, as even in dull times a first-class 
 
 compost animal always commands a good price in the old country markets when rough animals can 
 
 ■ hardly be sold at any price. 
 
 John Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron : Cattle did not seem to put on flesh this summer, although 
 there was lots of grass ; but it was so wet that there was not so much nutriment in it to put on flesh as there 
 is in a middling dry season. 
 
 Thomas Askin, Amabel, Bruce : There is not much beef made here ; but the farmers are turning 
 their minds more to stock than they were. 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce: Live stock are in good condition, and will have j at least one 
 month's advantage m the stall over last year. I notice a very great improvement in both quantityand quality 
 of live stock exhibits at our township shows this fall, more especially m cattle and horses of the Durham and 
 heavy draught classes. It is certainly a noticeable fact that scrubs nmst go. 
 
 Robert B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : Beef markets are glutted the world over. There is no inducement 
 for fanners either to raise or feed cattle at present prices. 
 
 James Weatherhead, Lindsay, Bruce : There shoidd be a law to fine any fanner who lets a scrub bull 
 nin at large. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey: Scrub cattle- and scrub bulls in particular are still the plague of the 
 settlement. 
 
23 
 
 Wm. H. Free, St. Vincent, Grey : There has beSn a great improvement within the last two years in the 
 young horse stock of this section. The introduction of first-olass stallions is beginning to tell greatly. The 
 companies formed — viz., the Sydenham and St. Vincent Stock Importing Co., and the JJeaford Importing 
 Co. — have been a great benefit, and this idea is well worthy the consideration of other sections. 
 
 Robert Dunlop, Euphrasia, Grey ; A large quanity of cattle have been fattened on grass and sold. 
 Sheep are not very plentiful, but are not much demanded. 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Fall pastures are really good, owing to copious rains and warm weather, 
 and consequently live stock are in extra good condition. 
 
 Daniel Marshall, Keppel, Grey : Prices are not enticing and there is not much fattening going on. 
 Farmers seem very slow to fatten pork this season. If prices rise, the supply is equal to the demand. 
 
 W. S. Porter, Keppel, Grey : At the fair on the 15th of this month cows that two years ago sold for 
 $45 were sold for $24. 
 
 Alex. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : The fattening of cattle is not up to that of former years at this period. 
 Sheep and hogs are in better condition. The supply at present seems to be greater than the demand, and 
 prices are considerably lower than they have been in former years. 
 
 Joseph M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : The prospect of supplies for market is a great deal better than 
 the prospect of a market for the supplies. 
 
 J. K. Irving, lunisfil, Simooe : Last year we had a good deal of trouble among horses, which at present 
 are healthy, although we have had a very changeable season from heat to cold, which has been hard on man 
 and beast. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : Very few_ spring pigs were raised, as most litters died last spring, 
 but there have been plenty of summer and fall pigs. 
 
 W. W. Revington, Biddulph, Middlesex: Pastures are good and stock in very fair condition, but 
 cheaper than for some years. A good stocker can be bought for three and a half cents per lb. Considerable 
 stock is likely to be held over tiU next year. 
 
 R. W. Gifl&n, West Nissouri, Middlesex : Most of the heavy stock that is fit for shipping has been 
 bought up. The lighter stock vnl\ be kept over for early beef next spring. Sheep are not paying, and 
 farmers are going out of them. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : The export trade is nearly over for this year, and good 
 grades are in demand for the stalls at from three and a half to four cents per lb. Sheep are beoommg 
 unprofitable. 
 
 ( Thomas Baird, Blaudford, Oxford ; There wiU be more cattle fed this, season than last. ' 
 
 Stephen Hall, Blenheim, Oxford : Fattening cattle will be about 50 per cent, less than last year, on 
 account of the bad prospects of the English markets. 
 
 S. C. Smith, East Oxford, Oxford : Very little interest has been taken in sheep for the last two or three 
 years by the farmers of this township. 
 
 Thomas Lloyd Jones,' Burford, Brant : Flocks of sheep are greatly diminished owing to the low price of 
 wool. 
 
 Thomas Dunn, Oakland, Brant : The supply of hogs for market will probably be small owing to the 
 presence of the so-called hog cholera in some sections. 
 
 F. R. Hamilton, Hibbert, 'Perth : There wiU be considerable stall-feeding done. A great many are 
 going out of sheep a;ltogether. 
 
 Thomas Page, Wallace, Perth : I do not think that farmers will generally go into fattening cattle this 
 season. 'Thereis an opinion among them that it does not pay. They prefer to sell their steers for others to 
 fatten. 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eramosa, Wellington : Fattening of stock will be less gone into on account of scarcity of 
 roots. 
 
 Alex Butohart, West Luther, Wellington : There is plenty of f ooder for stock this winter. If people 
 in this part would get good houses for their stock, it would pay them double over. 
 
 ■R -Rprmelson North Dumfries, Waterloo': There has been in some instances much loss of sheep. 
 I h^e lost eleven this summer out of fifty-five, chiefly by derangement of the digestive organs, 
 sometimes induced by continued drenching rains. Long-wooUed sheep are at a great discount in the country 
 It raernt The Southdown, with his compact form and unrivalled^quality is thought small for crossing ; 
 hence a demand for the larger Downs; amongst these I think the flampshn-e entitled to the first place 
 because rfhS great bone, ea?ly Maturity, and nearest approach to the Southdown m quality. 
 
 Thomas Shaw, Binbrook, Wentworth: Sheep are just about holding their own. More short wools are 
 
 coming in. , r -i. 
 
 V T, Smith Saltfleet, Wentworth : Farmers in this fruit section should carry more stock ; fruitgrowing 
 «nd «to?kSi go hand in hand. Fruit requires much labor and much manure Keepmg an extra 
 and stock raising go niMiu enables us to get a large quantity of good manure, and gives 
 
 eZrment tJpart ^tT^^rftheTurn'mr hands for 'the yea?. Vere are very few flocks of sheep. 
 Ten years ago there were ten flocks to one now. , .^. ....,■, , a -il 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Bsquesing, Halton : Prices for fat stock are so low that it is likely a good many wiU 
 
 R. plltans, Trafalgar, Halton : I do not think as many beef cattle are fed in this locality as ther. were 
 a few years ago. 
 
24 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : Sheep are soarcaj fewer of them are kept each year. 
 
 J. Bartholomew, Whitchurch, York : Cattle are not looking as well as might be expected in some 
 places, for the condition of pastures. I think on account of so much rain the grass has been soft and lacking 
 in substance. 
 
 Philip McRae, Mara, Ontario : I do not think farmers will go into fattening stock very extensively this 
 fall, on account of the lov/ness of prices. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Prices are so low that people feel discouraged and are not putting 
 their cattle up. 
 
 Robert Hodge, sr., Clarke, Durham: The prospects are very good for the fall and winter trade. 
 
 George Kennedy, sr., Haldimand, Northumberland : The supplies will be better than the prices. 
 
 C A. MaUory, Percy, Northumberland : Sheep are becoming scarce. Falrmers find that cattle pay 
 better than sheep, with the low price for wool. 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, HilHer, Prince Edward : There has been a vast improvement both in the stock and in the 
 way of keeping them. All kinds look well. 
 
 A. Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : There is a heavy supply. Prices will rule low. ' \ 
 
 G. E. Deane, Lansdowne, Leeds ; Stock are thin owing to excessive moisture and cool weather. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Lansdowne, Leeds ; Fall pasture has been fairly good, but not the best, as the weather 
 has been too cold for good growth. Live stock of all kinds seem to be in fair condition. Hogs are being 
 well fatted owing to the low price of grain. 
 
 Wm. J. Newman, Oxford, Leeds : The demand for good stock is greater than the supply. 
 
 S. Chalmers, Wolf ord, GrenvUle : Cattle sold well, and a good many have been sold. 
 
 A. M. Campbell, Kenyon, Glengarry : Large quantities of sheep and lambs were sold for the Boston 
 market. 
 
 Kenneth McLennan, Lochiel, Glengarry : There are plenty of cattle and hogs for sale, but the demand 
 is not good. 
 
 Win. Ferguson, West Hawkesbury, Prescott : Pastures were never known to be so bad as they have 
 been this season all. through. 
 
 R. Serson, Eitzroy, Carleton : From what I saw at the fall fairs, cattle are in poor condition, and very 
 poor prices were realized. 
 
 W. H. Berry, March, Carleton : Pastures are not very good, the weather on the whole having been cold 
 and dry. Stock are in fair condition, and stall-feeding will not begin until about the 10th of November. 
 
 William Doyle, Osgoode. Carleton : The condition of fall pastures is bad, there being almost no growth 
 of grass after the meadows were cut. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : There vrill be a large supply of cattle, sheep and hogs put on the 
 local markets early in spring. 
 
 Joseph Kinder, Brudenell, Renfrew : Cattle have been selling off for export to Montreal and for lumber 
 shanty use for two months past. 
 
 A. Schultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : The supplies are here all right, but we don't see the market. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Pastures are in good condition, and all kinds of stock are doing well. 
 The princical sales of cattle and sheep are made in the summer and fall. 
 
 E. Train, Somerville, Victoria: This part of the country is more adapted for raising stock— sheep and 
 cattle— than for grain, as it cannot be beat for oats, hay and roots j and a great number of the farmers 
 
 snort or reea, as tney aia last year ; but 1 believe it will be better to have them cleaned out, as they 
 an inferior breed, and better stock, if fewer of them, will take their place. 
 
 John Fell, sr., Somerville, Victoria : Live stock are not in as good a condition as usual They wer 
 very thin m the spring, and this retarded their improifement. 
 
 Hamilton Spence, Dummer, Peterborough : Pastures are very short and cattle are very thin but 
 sheep are in good condition ; pigs are fair, but very few are raised for market. 
 
 Thomas Tellford, Ennismore, Peterborough: Live stock are in poor condition, owing to the poor pas- 
 ture, I thmk from the effects of cold in the beginning of the month. 
 
 WiUiam Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterborough : There is not much preparation for stall-feeding, as the 
 prospects of remunerative prices are very gloomy. Farmers are seUing their hogs off the stubble for what 
 they wiU bring. 
 
 James Tindle, Smith, Peterborough: There is plenty of stock of all lands, but I think many animals 
 will be slaughtered in a half -fed condition, as there is no expectation of paying prices. 
 
 r m^^°^P ^.-"^^V®'' P^''<l'ff' Haliburton : Pastures have quite as much feed upon them as a main street 
 of 1 orpnto. The shanties consume all surplus stock here generaUy, but this year a large number have been 
 snipped as well, 
 
 A. Southworth, Cardiff, Haliburton : Pastures are very bare, having been eaten by grasshoppers. 
 
 Stephen Kettle, Glamorgan, Haliburton: There "has been but light growth in the pastures owius to 
 frost. ° 
 
 Donald Grant, Monck, Muskoka : There is a good supply of all sorts of live stock, but hardlv anv 
 market. It is hard to sell anything this fall. ■' 
 
25 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Mouck, Mxiskoka : Two year old steers are worth $15 ;. six year old fat oxen, $35. 
 Pork is worth $5. The prospects of the market are bad. One load of oats floods it. 
 
 J, M. Ansley, MoDougall, Parry Sound : Very little fattening of cattle is done save in the bush, where 
 the cattle fatten themselves. We have to import annually 50, to 100 tons of bacon to meet the requirements 
 •of this district. 
 
 Robert F. O^le, Carnarvon, Algoma : About $4,000 worth of fat cattle have been sold at the fairs on the 
 Island (Manitouhn) this fall. 
 
 THE DAIRY. 
 
 The dairy industry has been somewhat depressed this season. Of late years /the pro- 
 fitableness of this branch of agriculture has stimulated a largely increased production, 
 especially of cheese. Factories have been springing up in all parts of the country,, and, 
 by affording farmers an easy and remunerative means of disposing of their milk, have 
 tended to displace the old system of home dairying. This expansion, promoted as it has 
 been this year by generally good pasturage, and accompanied by a weakening demand 
 both at home and abroad, has resulted in a considerable fall in prices. There are large 
 stocks of both butter and cheese in the country waiting for a market, although in the 
 majority of cases the former is reported to have been this year more profitable to farmers, 
 and in more constant demand, than the latter. Among cheese-makers, however, the pre- 
 vailing feeling is that the present inactivity is only a temporary lull in the market, and 
 that the Canadian cheese industry, which has grown to such enormous proportions, must 
 soon revive with a return of a foreign active demand. So, cheese factories are still being 
 erected throughout the province much more numerously than creameries. Outside of 
 Bsuce and Huron, where the creamery system appears to have obtained a firm foothold, 
 those establishments have not yet gone beyond the experimental stage. The great bulk 
 oi the butter produced iii Ontario is a home made article of extremely varying quality. 
 
 With regard to the prevailing breeds of cattle, the farmers of Ontario continue to 
 pursue the policy of cultivating such strains as combine the highest beefing with the 
 highest milking qualities. The Durham grade, that is, the product of pure sires and 
 native females, predominates by far over every other breed ; the weight of testimony 
 favors it as the most profitable in a mixed system of husbandry. In several of the St. 
 Lawrence counties, and in a few western localities, where the dairy industry has reached 
 fiuch proportions as to justify 'farmers in selecting cows for their milking qualities alone, 
 Ayrshires and Jerseys, and grades of these with native stock or with Shorthorns, are fre- 
 quently found. The Holstein, too, appears to be rapidly growing into favor among 
 dairymen. The Devon and the Hereford, as well as the much despised Canadian, have 
 silso their advocates for dairy purposes. 
 
 J. Buckland, Gosfield, Essex: The state of the dairy industry here is unsatisfactory. In the fi^^^^^^^ 
 inost of the farmers do not provide proper pastures, and good butter oannot be made ^^^ f "^/^"fg^,.' 
 very few of them put up ice, and few, if any, have proper milk rooms _, Then they do not use t^e neces 
 sary care in skimming their milk and in coloring their butter. We have no cash market, ana never wiii 
 until we make marketable butter. _ v,- i vt 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : Dairying in both butter and cheese is an e'^tif^ '^^^,7? '? *i^^^^^ 
 There are no eheese factories, and no cheese is made of any account. There is no interest m butter at trom 
 10 cents to 12 cents per lb. -j ti,- 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : Butter is in good demand at 16 cents per lb. Cheese has not paid this 
 
 season. 
 
 muu. . t 
 
 J. R. Stobbs, Ronmey, Kent : The dairy industry has not been very paying this season, as prices Have 
 nftPTi 1 0"W 
 
 R. H. Waddell, Tilbury East,. Kent : The quantity of cheese being made is less than that of the last few 
 .years, and as a matter of course the quantity of butter is greater. 
 
 Samuel Russell, Orford, Kent : Butter has been low in price this . season, 10 cents VfJ^-'^^fS^!^^^ 
 for some time. It 4 now 15 cents. Cheese has also ruled [ow m price ; =;„* ^f 7 cent^ and 8^o«"t^^b^^^^ 
 now 11 cents per lb. I fancy there was more butter and rather less cheese made i^*>i^.f|fXteina the latter 
 Si to be gaining in favorf though some are looking to Polled Angus, and some to Holstpins, the iatter. 
 especially, for milkers. 
 
26 
 
 D. MoKillop, Aldborough, Elgin : The cheese market has been in a very deplorable condition. Sale* 
 in the early part of the season were effected at 6 cents per lb. , in July and Ai^ust at 6f cents. Deduct 2^ 
 cents for making and drawing, and there is but little left for the patrons. I trust this will rouse the farmers, 
 so that they will pay more attention to raising good stock. Much better feed the milk to calves. 
 
 Lewis Simpson, South Dorchester, Elgin ; The cheese industry this season has been discourapng, on 
 account of low prices. The season has been good for pasture, which helped the flow of milk, or it would 
 have been a complete failure. 
 
 John Haggan, Malahide, Elgin : I think the dairying industry of this country is open to great improve- 
 ment. If factories were established for both butterand cheese, they would not have to depend on-oue article- 
 alone, viz., cheese. Good butter always commands a good price, and the factory conducted on scientific 
 principles is the only place where we can get good butter. 
 
 C. H. Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : Our cheese factory has closed for the season. It has not been a 
 very profitable year, on account of the low price of cheese. It is generally admitted that butter i)ays the 
 most money, but it takes the most money to produce it. Shorthorn grades are well-tested favorites for 
 dairy purposes, with Jerseys coming into favor. 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : We find that the common native breed, as a general thing, 
 are about as good for milk as the general run of imported stock, 
 
 James MoLive, Bertie, Welland : A neighbor of mine has a cross from the Devon and the Durham, and 
 it gave the best yield of any at our cheese factory. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Prices have been so low that farmers have been holding back for 
 winter, and several who have tested the difference prefer making butter to sending their milk to the cheese 
 factory. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Two butter factories were started in this locality this season,. 
 There is also a cheese factory (established some years ago), but it is dwindling down to almost nothing. 
 
 R. Eleck, Moore, Lambton : Cheese has been made abundantly at the factories, and is taking the place 
 of butter making. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : The dairy industry has been very dull all summer, owing 
 to low prices both for butter and cheese — butter 10 cents to 12 cents, and cheese Ts cents to 8 cents per lb. 
 
 George Hess, Hay, Huron : There has been more cheese made than butter. Some butter factories hav& 
 been changed to cheese factories. 
 
 Thomas Gibson, Howiok, Huron : Butter factories don't seem to succeed. 
 
 N. Robertson, HuUett, Huron : There are quite a number of creameries in this locality that have turned 
 out a very superior article of butter. 
 
 John McMillan, HuUett, Huron : Dairy butter is low in price. Creamery butter brings a good price, 
 and the creameries have done well this year. Creamery butter pays fully better than cheese. In order to 
 make dairying pay, farmers must provide some kind of feed tor cows where pastures fail to keep up the flow 
 of milk. 
 
 John Beattie, MoKillop, Huron ; Butter and cheese factories are doing well this season. 
 
 Prank Morley, Usbome (southern part), Huron : The butter industry rather predominates over cheese 
 in this section, the farmers preferring to feed the mUk to ^tock. 
 
 Robert Currie, East Wa*anosh, Huron : Butter is cheap, and cheese was cheap in the summer, but is 
 now a fair price— better than butter for profit. 
 
 Thoma* Askin,! Amabel, Bruce : Chee»e making has been gaining ground here fast the last few years. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Cheese in this section is in the ascendancy, cheese factories having been 
 worked vigorously this year and being on the whole satisfactory to the patrons. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Dairy interests are improving, caused by the establishing of creameries 
 and cheese factories in the township or in its vicinity. Prices were low for both butter and cheese. Our 
 creamery sold its butter at from 18c. to 20o. — a fair price. 
 
 James Johnston, Oarrick, Bruce : The dairy industry has received a check this season, especially the 
 cheese production. JButter has been in better favor, than cheese with farmers on account .of prices ruling 
 higher for the former than the latter, and this is likely to result next season in a run to butter factories. 
 
 James Brodie, Artemesia, Grey : Most of the farmers here send their milk to the cheese factory, and 
 find it to pay better than making butter. 
 
 James S. Grant, Biddulph, Middlesex : Butter production is at a low point. The butter factory system 
 not being properly managed, the people have gone entirely to cheese making, and are fairly well satisfied. 
 
 J. Grimason, Caradoc, Middlesex : The prices of butter and cheese are too low to pay the fanner for hi* 
 trouble. The Durhams are the best for butter, and the Devons for milk. 
 
 R. Ooad, Bkfrid, Middlesex ; Both butter and cheese are considerably depressed in value. This i» 
 chronic as to butter. This industry is all wrong and needs a thorough reform. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : The dairy industry is suffering from a depression in values^ 
 but the season's yield is as good as usual. 
 
 M. W. Schell, East Oxford, Oxford : Cheese dairying is carried on very extensively in this district. 
 The make is larger than usual, owing to the good pasturage. 
 
 James Sifton, North Oxford, Oxford : The Holsteins are coming into favor, and it is said justly by thos» 
 who have tried them. 
 
27 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford ; Tlie average per cow at the cheese factories this year will be- 
 much below cost— not two-thirds as much. 
 
 Thomap A. Good, Brantford, Brant : I think butter for local use has paid as well, if not better, than 
 cheese this season. 
 
 John Campbell, Blanshard, Perth : The dairy industry this year has been somewhat of a " dead letter, "■ 
 taking everythmg into consideration. I think cheese has been more remunerative than butter, although poor 
 prices have been realized for both. 
 
 Kobert Simpson, Downie, Perth : Cheese is king in this locality. Ballantyne's creamery could not live,^ 
 
 Duncan Stewart, North Easthope, Perth : A butter factory has been run this year, and more home-made 
 butter is made than there was a number of years ago, people preferring to raise their calves well to sending 
 their milk to the cheese factory. There is only one cheese factory in the township, four having closed up 
 within the last ten years. Nearly all cows are bred to Durham males for beef. 
 
 George FoUis,, Wallace, Perth : Dairying on the whole is advancing annually. About two-thirds of the 
 milk is made into cheese, and one-third into butter. 
 
 Thomas Page, Wallace, Perth : The dairy industry is very duU from low prices. Many farmers are 
 tired of cheese, and are going next year to try butter. 
 
 Thomas Maguire, Wallace, Perth : Large qua-ntities of cheese are in the factories yet. There has been, 
 apparently too much of both butter and cheese produced this season. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : We have a joint-stock butter factory here which has been working f or- 
 twelve or fourteen years, but which has never been a success. It pays an average of one-half a cent a gallon 
 less for milk than the cheese factory. 
 
 E. W. B. Snider, Woolwich, Waterloo : The production of St. Jacob's creamery will be over 50,000 lbs.. 
 this season. Farmers are well pleased. Not much is done in cheese. 
 
 George Walker, Amaranth, Dufferin : Cheese is very duU. People will likely make more butter next 
 s3a£on. This is a grand dairy section. 
 
 James Reith, East Luther, Dufferin : The dairy industry is about paralyzed owing to the low price of 
 butter and cheese. We have one cheese factory in the township and another in the township adjoining. 
 We have also a ]a,rge number of patent creameries, and a good grade of butter is produced. 
 
 Thomas Gordon, East Luther, Dufferin : There has been a marked improvement in butter-making this, 
 season, but there is more cheese made. 
 
 Edward Irvine, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Greater attention is paid to the production of butter than, 
 cheese ; but a cheese factory has been started in the township the past year, and carried on with a fair 
 degree of success. 
 
 T. A. Walker, Ancaster, Weutworth: Cheese factories are well patronized, but a good many prefer- 
 butter-making on account of being able to retain the milk. I think a butter factory would be well 
 patronized. 
 
 Robert Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : The dairy business has been a losing one all the season for 
 farmers. Milk has brought us only from 4 to 6 cents a gallon, and butter has been no better until lately. 
 
 John Weylie, Glanford, Wentworth : The dairy interest is growing fast in this township. We have a 
 good market in Hamilton for butter, and there is a cheese factory on the town-lme on each side of us to 
 which a large quantity of milk is supphed. 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Mr. M. Moyer started what is knovmas the Little Falls creamery,, 
 near Limehouse_, last May. Most farmers in this section sold their cream at about seven cents per inch, 
 two inches makmg a pound of butter. 
 
 James A. Newlove, Albion, Peel : There is no cheese factory in this township, although there is one on 
 the border. It is not well patronized, farmers preferring to use the milk for calves and pigs. 
 
 John CampbeU, Chinguaoousy, Peel : There is quite a lot of butter yet in farmers' hands, on account 
 of the low price all season. 
 
 Peter McLeod, Chinguaoousy, Peel : The state of the dairy industry is good. Prices have been fair. 
 SeUing mUk to cheese factories is getting more common. Jersey cattle are commg more into tavor. 
 
 A. Forster, Markham, York : Butter has paid better than usual, as compared with cheese. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brook, Ontario : There requires to be some remedy applied to raise the standard of 
 butter. The fault is not so much in farmers not making good butter as m the custom of selling to the 
 country stores, and good, bad and indifferent being thrown together i If butter was bought on its merits, 
 the same as wheat and other farm produce, we would soon hear less about poor butter. 
 
 James Parr, Oartvmght, Durham : The season has been very good for butter, considerable of which is, 
 yet in farmers' cellars on account of the scarcity of cash buyers. 
 
 Piatt Hiuman,Haldimand, Northumberland : The Jersey grade is becoming a great favorite for butter, 
 and also with parties using milk, and parties in towns and cities keeping one cow. 
 
 Louis P Hubbs, HiUier, Prince Edward : There are only two creameries m the county and both are 
 closed Very httle butter is made here for export ; nearly a,ll is wanted here ; the product is mostly cheese. 
 The HolsteTns seem to be the favorite breed here now, but they are only an experiment as yet 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredericksburgh, Lennox : The Holstein i^ "°^,'^«i?fif '^°'^"=«^' ^^^^^^ °* °'"' 
 best and largest dairymen are of opinion that this breed will supersede all others for factory use. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox: The dairy industry has not ^f Yt JS'?.*SerenceTo butteraT^ 
 owing principally to the low price of cheese, which is generally manufactured m preference to butter, and 
 partially to a somewhat smaller flow of milk. 
 
z» 
 
 J. L. Haycock, Kingston, Frontenao : On account of .the high price of cheese in 1884, and the low price 
 'of feed, more cows have been kept and more cheese made than usual. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Butter is in fair demand, but not very plentiful. Cheese is not 
 very profitable this season, but on the whole is fairly remunerative as compared with other products. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Prontenac : Cheese is all the go. Vhe price has been low on an average. 
 The production has been larger than last year, and on the whole the sales will net about three-fourths as much 
 in money as last season. The (juantity is much better. The manufacture of cheese has been better under- 
 ■ stood, and its keeping quality is far ahead of that of other years. 
 
 Alexander Ritchie, Storrington : Nearly all are in the cheese business, but on account of low prices 
 there is some talk of making butter next year. It would be a good thing ;if every tenth cheese factory 
 would be turned into a butter factory. , 
 
 James Moulton, Lansdowne, Leeds : Durham grades, crossed with Ayrshires, are most in favor. 
 
 _G. C. Tracy, Williamsburg, Dundas : Until within three years this was essentially a dairy butter 
 section, and eniioyed a good reputation : but the decline of the reputation of " American " butter in England, 
 and the improvement of the reputation of cheese, has turned attention to cheese. I am interested m the 
 cheese factory business, and I think the prospects encouraging in spite of low prices for the early markets 
 this season. 
 
 James Wylie, East FTawkesbury, Prescott : The dairy industry was not a paying business this year. 
 Cheese factories are plentiful in this township — twelve in all — and cheese was sold at Sjc. , to 9c. Only good 
 butter brings from 17c. to 20o. per lb. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : Cheese is taking the lead and driting the butter out, 
 
 W. H.~Berry, March, Carleton : The dairy industry is steadily improving. Cabinet and other creamers 
 are used in considerable numbers. 
 
 J ohn A. Jackson, Elden, Victoria : We had a cheese factory in operation several years, but for the past 
 few years it has been idle. Butter is about the only dairy produce sold. 
 
 James Tindle, Smith, Peterboro' : Butter is not so much made as usual, owing to the failure of pasturage 
 and the establishing of more cheese factories. 
 
 John Hollingworth, Watt, Muskoka : Butter during the past season has been at a discount. Cheese is 
 not made in this immediate locality. I have heard that the cheese factory at Hartsville was prematurely 
 closed, owing to some dispute between the proprietors and the farmers. 
 
 J. M. Ansley, McDougaU, Parry Sound : With good pasture, plenty of pure water, and fat cattle, 
 hutter here should be of the very best, but it is otherwise. I think the creamery question could be agitated 
 here with very great advantage. 
 
 THRESHING AND MARKETING OF GRAIN. 
 
 With the fine working weather that has prevailed during the larger half of October, 
 farmers have made good progress with their threshing. Throughout western Ontario the 
 work is about finished, and it is well advanced everywhere else, except in some of the 
 northern districts where the fall season is so short that threshing is usually left till after 
 the snow falls. 
 
 The movement of grain to market is, however, rather slow, the present low range of 
 prices for all agricultural 'products making farmers reluctant to sell. The only grains 
 which are going forward with any degree of activity are fall wheat and barley. The 
 Matter where it is grown in marketable quantities, and where it is sound and bright, is 
 {generally sent in preference, the constant 4-merican demand for Canadian barley for 
 malting purposes ensuring for it a pretty ready sale at fairly remunerative rates. 
 Among farmers whose present necessities for money do not compel them 'to force sales, 
 there is a strong disposition to hold back their wheat in hope of a rise after sleighing sets 
 in. Many correspondents aver that barley has this year been their most profitable grain 
 crop for market, while other coarse grains, as corn, peas and oats, or rusted spring wheat, 
 of which there are such large quantities this year, are more economical to be retained for 
 feeding to stock. But an enormous proportion of the barley crop has been rendered un- 
 saleable by discoloration, and this will be devoted to the same use. Throughout the 
 greater part of eastern Ontario, farmers being now in the midst of their threshing, 
 marketing has not yet fairly begun. 
 
 Arthur J. Arner, Gosfield, Essex : Barley being earlier than corn and a good growing food, we feed it 
 to hogs to give tliem good frames previous to corn feeding for fattening. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : Some think barley chopped or boiled a better feed for hogs than com. 
 Hogs are nearly fat before corn is harvested. 
 
29 
 
 John Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : Barley is not likely to be much fed on the farm, as it is the only 
 grain that brings a fair price. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : When barley is over 60 cents per bushel, farmers generally sell it. 
 James Mitchell, Howick, Huron : If low prices in beef and pork rule, the barley wiU go to market. 
 Wm. Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Most of the barley will be sold, owing to peas and oats being cheaper for 
 feeding purposes, 48 lbs. of barley and 60 lbs. of peas bringing the same amount of money. 
 
 J. Grimason, Oaradoo, Middlesex : I think a considerable portion of the barley will be fed to stock, 
 owing to the Scott Act muddle, 
 
 Joshua Irvine, Lobo, Middlesex : A large quantity of barley will be fed to stock. Farmers consider , 
 that it pays as weU to put it in beef as in beer. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Barley is not so extensively grown as formerly. The price is too 
 low to sell, and it pays much better to grow com for feed. Peas also pay better for feed, if free of bugs as 
 they are this year. 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : A great many farmers think they can realize more for barley by 
 feeding it to stock than by selling it. 
 
 Simpson Rennie, Soarboro', York : Not much of the barley will be fed if the farmers can get for it from 
 55 cents to 60 cents per bushel. 
 
 Wm. W. Findlay, Scarboro', York : I believe there is a good deal of last year's wheat still held by 
 farmers. 
 
 John Gibson, Markham, York : Threshing and marketing of grain at this season of the year is a great 
 loss of time for fall ploughing, which, if left till late in the season, is hurriedly and slovenly done ; or if it is 
 left tiU spring, late sowing, with great injury to the crop, is the result. If farmers were generally to work 
 the land until the frost sets in, it would not only regulate the work all the year round, but add greatly to 
 the fertility of the soU. 
 
 L. Weller, Scott, Ontario : Farmers lose a great deal of valuable work on their farms by threshing and, 
 marketing in the fall of the year, and often lose the best barley market by not doing it. 
 
 R. Osborne, Clarke, Durham : Barley is the paying crop of the year. If it had not been for barley^ 
 many of our renting farmers would have gone to the wall. The crop and prices are both good. 
 Thomas Cain, Scott, Ontario : Barley brings a better price relatively than any other grain. 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : The shortage in spring wheat wiU result in farmers, as a rule, selling 
 most of their barley. 
 
 David J. Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : There is a growing tendency among farmers to feed more „ 
 while the price ranges so low. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monck, Muskoka : The price of oats is fixed by the lumbermen and others. If the. 
 farmers will not let the middlemen have all the percentage they want, or take trade, they send to the front 
 for them. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Cauarvon, Algoma : Wheat is quoted at Manitowaning at 70 cents to 75 cents, 
 barley at 50 cents, and oats at 30 cents to 82 cents. 
 
 FALL PLOUGHING. 
 
 The lateness of the harvest has retarded ploughing operations considerably this fall. 
 Though the farmers in every part of the province, at the date of the reports, are busy 
 breaking their ground, the remarks of correspondents indicate that the work is not as 
 far advanced as usual at that period. The weather, however, has been and is generally 
 favorable, late rains having left the ground mellow and easy to turn, and these being 
 followed by a succession of fine, modisrate days, just such as are required for good progress 
 in ploun-hing The only exceptions of moment to this report are found m a few localities 
 in the extreme west end of the province, where the ground has become baked, and in some 
 of the St Lawrence counties, whence come complaints of excessive wet. A continuance 
 of open weather for two or three weeks in November will enable farmers to make up for- 
 the delay caused by the late harvest ; so that before winter sets m it is probable that as 
 large a breadth of fall ploughing will be accomplished as usual. Most agriculturists favor 
 doing as much as possible in this direction, so as to be prepared for early seeding in the 
 snrins of which the experience of the past season has demonstrated the advantage. One 
 correlpondent in Huron, however, expresses his preference for spring ploughing to keep, 
 thistles down. 
 
30 
 
 BEES AND HONEY. 
 
 The past season has not been a very favorable one for the apiarist. A great many 
 bees died last winter, owing to the severity o£ the weather, and those that survived were 
 in rather a weakly condition in the spring. The honey-gathering season was short, both 
 «s to clover and basswood bloom, and the weather in most parts of the province was too 
 wet, cold and cloudy for an abundant harvest of honey. The result is that, though bees 
 have multiplied to an unusual extent, the honey product is deficient and many bee- 
 keepers will have to supply their swarms with artificial nutriment. This is the prevailing 
 condition of things, but a very considerable number of apiarists, on the other hand, report 
 an average yield of excellent honey. Complaints are occasionally made that some Canadian 
 bee-ktepers are imitating the evil practices of American apiarists by putting on the market 
 a quantity of so-called honey, which bears about the same relation to the genuine article 
 that oleomargarine does to butter. There is no reason to suppose, however, that these 
 practices are at all extensively indulged in. 
 
 UNDERDRAINAGE. 
 
 Though there is a gratifying increase in the amount of underdraining done in 
 some parts of the Province, in others little progress has apparently been made, notwith- 
 standing the unanimity'with which correspondents speak of its great advantages wherever 
 it has been tried. While a season like that of 1885 illustrates in the most practical way 
 the importance of a proper drainage of the soil, it at the same time renders it difficult for 
 the farmers to take immediate advantage of the lesson, and for several reasons. Many 
 correspondents say that the harvest season was so wet that farming operations were much 
 crowded, and consequently little time or attention could be devoted to drainage. Others 
 ■aver that the land which stood most in need of underdrainage was too wet to allow of 
 such work being performed at the proper season, while there are frequent complaints that 
 the low prices and hard times generally do not leave the farmer's bank account in a con- 
 dition to justify him in engaging in operations in which the returns — however certain 
 they may be in the future — do not follow close on the heels of the expenditure. Not- 
 withstanding all these drawbacks, however, a decided increase in the area of well drained 
 lands marks the past year, as compared with previous years, more especially in the western 
 peninsula of the province, and it is equally certain that the value of underdraining as an 
 investment is yearly becoming more apparent to the great mass of the farmers of Ontario. 
 Though there is less complaint than there was last year of the difficulty of getting tUe, 
 still not a few correspondents mention that difficulty as one which has prevented this 
 material being more generally used in the construction of drains. As a rule the supply 
 of skilled labor is reported to be adequate, yet, as some correspondents put it, the 
 labor is a good deal more abundant than the skill. Though tile is the material generally 
 used for underdraining, yet in some sections of the country, partly from necessity and 
 partly from choice, stone and wood are employed for that purpose — stone chiefly in the 
 eastern counties, and cedar, hemlock and pine in the Lake Huron and Georgian Bay 
 counties. Many correspondents, especially in the eastern counties, in reporting that 
 nothing has been done in the way of underdraining, state that the nature of the land 
 either does not require drainage at all or, if any, that open ditches are sufficient. Draining 
 machines are gradually making th^gir way into the best agricultural communities of the 
 province, and satisfaction is generally expressed with their work. Rennie's Elevator is 
 the machine most generally in use, though others are occasionally mentioned. A 
 correspondent in Bruce mentions Carter's taachine, and another in Lambton speaks of a 
 machine manufactured by Ansley, of Watford, which cuts the sides of the drain, and 
 " works well, and is a great help." 
 
31 
 
 p. J. Freeman, Rochester, Essex : The land lies too low to admit at present of successful underdrainage.. 
 Several drains have been and are still being constructed under the Drainage Act. 
 
 J. G. Stewart, Ealeigh, Kent : One or two experiments have been made, but the land is too level; all 
 surface drains. 
 
 Samuel Russell, Orford, Kent : The somewhat excessive rains have rather impeded draining on account 
 -of crowding other necessary work into less space of time. TUe-draining is, however, increasing, as the 
 manufacturers tell me they can scarcely supply the demand. 
 
 John McLean, Aldborough, Elgin: Not much und erdraining done in this locality. Tile-yards have 
 nearly all on hand that they made this year. 
 
 Charles Chute, Malahide, Elgin : Considerable is being done, but if more tile-yards were distributed 
 ■over the country more tUes would be used, 
 
 W. W. 'Wells,Woodhouse, Norfolk ; Farmers are beginning to see that thorough surf ace drainage is pro- 
 ducing the best results. 
 
 S. W. Hornibrook, Dunn, Haldimand: Very little underdrainage is needed— not much flat swampy 
 land. Still a little is used . 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : No underdraining in this township. One reason is lack of capital ; 
 a,nother is that we have no practical educators in that direction. |I think it^ would be a good idea for some 
 ■one to do some missionary work among farmers, showing them the advantages resulting from underdraining ; 
 some one from the Agricultural College, for instance. 
 
 J. B. Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : There cannot be too often urged on farmers the necessity of more 
 thorough draining, as all roots as well as all grain crops yield from one-third to one-half more when put in 
 early, and this can only be done on dry land. I think it would be a good policy if our government would 
 loan money for draining a little cheaper, as it would proportionately increase the revenue. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Samia, Lambton : One man has a Rennie ifiachine, but I think there is room for improve 
 mentinit. * 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lajnbton : Our farmers are steadily underdraining. Our township has not yet 
 availed itself of the government aid for tUe or other underdraining, as farmers are inclined to use their 
 own means. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : A good many are underdraining their land. On my farm of 100 
 acres I put in over 500 rods last year, and am putting in about 700 this season. Plenty pf tOe can now be 
 obtained all around us, but skilled labor is somewhat scarce. The ojily machine in use is one for cutting the 
 «des of the drain ; it works well and is a great help ; manufactured by Wm. Ansley, Watford. 
 
 James Scott, Howick, Huron : Most of the drains m this section are made of wood. A box is nailed 
 together made from IJ inch hemlock lumber. Some use long poles laid side by side and covered by a third, 
 which is said to answer the purpose weU. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron: Draining with wood is a huge mistake. I have on my farm 
 50 acres drained with tEe, 20 years laid, and it is still working well ; whereas my wooden drains, put in 
 about the same time, have been renewed twice. 
 
 N. J. Clark, Usbome, Huron : Farmers are just beginning to see the good results of underdraining. 
 Plenty of tile is manufactured, but other styles of drains are much in vogue. 
 
 Wm. MoArthur, West Wawanosh, Huron : There are no tUes made in this section ; hemlock is used 
 instead for the pipes. 
 
 J. B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce : we do not require artificial underdraining, in this part of the country. 
 The land over a large area of this section is naturally undferdrained, with gravel, and we do not require to 
 ridge up. 
 
 Wm. Welsh, Huron, Bruce : It is evident that early sown grain is most free from rust. To accomplish 
 early sowing, draining must be resorted to, which will leave the land fit for working on as soon as frost and 
 snow have gone. As it is, when a wet spell sets in undrained land is usually from one to three weeks later 
 of sowing, which makes a vast difference in the yield, so much so that I fuUy believe three years would 
 ■(in the difference of crop) pay all the cost of draining. .• . . There is plenty of tile of a very poor soit, so much 
 so that many prefer hemlock boards. If we could get a good hard and durable tUe it would encourage 
 -draining very much. 
 
 Donald Blue, Huron, Bruce : If we had more skilled labor for draining, I believe there would be more 
 effortput forth to have our farms put in better oHer. 
 
 R. Gillies, Sullivan, Grey : No underdraining needed here, as the soil is stony and never holds surface 
 water. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : There has been some draining done in this locality this season. Some 
 is done with stone leaders with an eye ; the others are known as wedge drams -stones packed m bottom of 
 'drain pn their edge and filled with small stone to 18 inches of the surface. No drammg machmes are used 
 labor is plentiful, but a good drainer is hard to be got. 
 
 Peter Bertrain, Orillia, Simcoe : Very little progress in underdraining ; no tile to be had near here. 
 
 W W Colwell, Essa, Simcoe : Not large, but more than I have ever noticed in any previous year. TUes 
 are not much manufactured here, and carriage makes them too expensive for general use. 
 
 Henry Anderson, Westminster, Middlesex : There is a great .amount of drainage done ; plenty of tile 
 this year, as there are now five tile factories in this township. Skilled labor is scarce. 
 
 R. W. Gifian, West Nissouri, Middlesex : There is more or less of this kind of work done every year, but 
 t is on the increase, for the farmer finds it pays. 
 
32 
 
 James Alexander, Ekfrid, Middlesex : We have an abundant supply of excellent drain tile made by- 
 machines, but owing to the low price of stock and other produce very little draining has been done. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : Not much progress, as it has been too wet. The supply of skilled 
 labor is inadequate, but plenty of such as claim to be skilled. 
 
 John r. Tribe, Dereham, Oxford : Farmers are underdraining largely this year— more so thaw in former 
 years. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford ; There has been more tile-draining done this year than ever has been 
 dons in one season before in this township. Tile could not be had in sufficient quantities to meet the demand. 
 Hands were more numerous this year than they used to be a few years ago— there is so much more of it being 
 done that it is becoming a profitable business to follow. This season has been the means of many a one 
 commencing underdraining that never put in a tile before, and hence the great scarcity of that article this 
 season. If we had a few more seasons like this we would begin to get our eyes opened to the great benefits 
 to be derived from a complete system of underdraining. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oaldand, Brant : Very little tile drainingdone this year, but last year's work shows good 
 results. The supply of tUe is plenty, hut the quality is poor. Very little skiUied labor, and no draining 
 machines in use here. 
 
 Thomas Lloyd Jones, Burford, Brant : This township requires but little underdraining; a large portion 
 requires surface-draining, and it is being done on an extensive scale. 
 
 George FoUis, Wallace, Perth : About fifty rods to every hundred acres in our township on an average. 
 
 R. Francis, Fullarton, Perth : A large quantity done and still progressing. Plenty of tile and labor. 
 
 Robert Forrest, Blma, Perth : Considerable underdraining done. We use mostly lumber, no tUe being 
 manufactured in our township. 
 
 Duncan Stewart, North Easthope, Perth : Good drainers command their own figures — none could be 
 employed. 
 
 Robert Simpson, Downie, Perth : A great deal of tile-draining done here this year — more than usual.. 
 Underdraining is the most important branch of agriculture in this township, for it nearly all has a cold 
 clayey subsoil. In a season like this many a dearly taught lesson has been learned by our neighbors. Thej' 
 are busy draining amongst their fall ,wheat ; nearly every farmer has commenced to drain now. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : Not much progress in draining here and I don't kouw the reason, as 
 the land needs draining the worst way ; plenty of tde to be had. 
 
 John Booth, Maryboro', Wellington : Not much doing ; tile very scarce. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Not much underdraining on the whole ; skilled labor plentiful enough. 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eramosa, Wellington : Very Uttle has been done in draining as yet, but farmers are 
 beginning to recognize the importance of such work and are doing more year after year. The supply of tile 
 of good quality is not adequate. 
 
 Samuel Brubaeher, Woolwich, Waterloo : Lots of draining done this summer, and plenty of tUe. There- 
 is a tile yard here where they turn out about 20,000 a day. 
 
 W. 0. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : There has not been so much underdrainingdone this summer asusual. 
 low prices for produce checks improvement. A large stock of tUes on hand, which wiU be hauled away in 
 sleighing, ready for next spring. No draining machine in use now ; we had three machines ten years ago, 
 but they did not give satisfaction. 
 
 John Green, Mono, Dufferin: No underdraining done here, though it is very much needed in this section, 
 
 John Preston, E. Garaf raxa, Dufferin : No tUe made in this locality. I think if it could be got handy- 
 there would be a great many drains put down. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Not a great deal of underdraining done. Farmers are seeing its, 
 value, however, and are commencing. Much will be done in the next ten years. Cost is the chief hindrance. 
 Splendid tile eight miles distant; $7.50 per thousand for two inch. 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing : Underdraining is considerably needed in this section, but is very little 
 attended to. The nearest tile-yard is about twelve miles away. 
 
 Wm. Kersey, Toronto Gore, Peel : Considerable progress has been made this year— double that of any 
 previous year, both as to quantity of tile put in and number of farms drained. There are two of Rennie's 
 ditchers in use in this locality. 
 
 Wm. W. Finlay, Scarboro', York : More would be done if skilled labor was available. 
 
 George Evans, jr., Georgina, York: Underdraining has made considerable progress. TUe has to bo- 
 hauled a long distance. Skilled labor on this industry is not very plentiful ; no draining machines in this 
 township. 
 
 Benj. F. Brown, Thorah, Ontario : Not much done, the ground being wet. 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : I am of opinion that \vithin a short time underdraining will receive' 
 considerable attention m certain portions of this township. 
 
 Robert Moment, Clarke, Durham : Very little underdraining done or required in this tovraship ■ mostlv 
 rolling land. '^ ' ' 
 
 year, 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : Not much progress, though some draining is done every 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : iSTot a mUe, I guess, in the whole county. We cannot get tile- 
 here at all, but I thmk it would be largely used if it could' be had reasonable. 
 
33 
 
 C._R. Allison, South Fredericksbur^h, Lennox : There ia not a very large amount of land in this section 
 laid with tile, though the farmers are now doing more than they formerly have done. The supply of tile 
 is not sufficient. * 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenao : There' has been more draining done this fall than usual on 
 account of the extremely wet season. 
 
 Wm. J. Newman, Oxford-on-Eideau, Leeds abd Grenville: Farmers have been neglecting their 
 underdraining in this locality of late years. This being a wet season, they may 'take warning by their 
 negligence. 
 
 G. C. Tracy, WUliamsburgh, Dundas : Very little underdraining done, but very much surface-draining 
 under the provisions of the Ditches and Watercourses Act, 1883, which will reclaim much waste land. 
 Underdraining would be of very considerable advantage in many sections. It is generally thought that frost 
 would break tiles. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry ; There is a good deal of underdraining done with stone, timber 
 and boards, but no tile yet as far as I know. 
 
 Paul Labrosse, East Hawkesbury, Presoott : Nothing known of tile-draining in this locality — but good 
 underdrains made with stone. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : There is very little underdraining done here ; it is chiefly surface- 
 draining. 
 
 A. Sohultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : There is no underdraining done in this township ; the land here is all 
 high and dry, and requires no artificial drainage. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew : Not much underdraining this year as tiles are not made here, but 
 have to be brought from thirty to forty miles. 
 
 W. Patersou, Ramsay, Lanark : Little drainage is done to what should be. Tiles cannot be had ; after 
 a drive of twenty miles I had to return a week ago without one til'e, and I have the drains dug for months. 
 No tile-draining machines here. 
 
 John Fell, sr., Somerville, Victoria : No underdraining done here yet, nor likely to be for some time, 
 the land in this vicinity not requiring underdraining to the same extent as in many other parts of the 
 province. 
 
 Wm. Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria : There has been some draining this year on low flat lands. The tile 
 is not sufficient without hauling a long distance. 
 
 James Tindle, Smith, Peterboro' : Many farmers would drain more if they could get men who would do 
 the work at a reasonable price. 
 
 Janfes S. Caimduff, Harvey, Peterboro' ■ None with tile— a few with stone and cedar poles. 
 
 John HoUingworth, Watt, Muskoka : I have put down about 120 yards of rubble drain, and intended 
 to have done more. 
 
 Henry W. GUI, Watt, Muskoka: The past season has established .the absolute necessity of 
 underdraming. 
 
 LABOR AND WAGES. 
 
 There has been an abundant supply of farm laborers throughout the country during 
 the season, and in consequence the general tendency of wages is every vphere reported as 
 downward. The extent of the decline up to the month of June last is shown by the 
 following comparison of the average rates paid in the Province as a whole at that time, 
 and at the corresponding period of the two previous years : 
 
 1885. 1884. 1883. 
 
 „ „ ( With Board $160 00 $167 00 $173 00 
 
 Wages pek Yeab •( -i^ni^o^t Board 253 00 257 00 264 00 
 
 ,„ ,, (WithBoard 17 32 19 44 20 37 
 
 Wases pee Month [ without Board 27 18 29 11 30 21 
 
 During the summer, and especially since harvest, various influences have conspired 
 to reduce wages still further. First among these is mentioned the prevailing low prices 
 of all agricultural products, accompanied by an inactive demanl and scarcity of money, 
 which are inducing farmers to economize in all directions, to undertake no expensive im- 
 provements, and to dispense with all hired help beyond what is absolutely necessary. The 
 constantly increasing adoption of machinery in the various operations of husbandry is also 
 more and more lessening the demand and the need for extra manual labor at special 
 seasons, as at harvest, ploughing and seed time, while at the same time it affords both 
 
 B.L— 3 
 
34 
 
 farmers and laborers opportunities of making mutually satisfactory engagements by the 
 year. Other causes assigned for the decline in wages are, — the closing of railway con- 
 struction on the Cana,dian Pacific and other lines, which has released large numbers of 
 laborers ; the return of many young men from the West and North- West ; the growing 
 disposition among farmers to devote less attention to grain growing and more to grazing 
 and stock-raising, in which less help is required ; and dulness in lumbering operations, 
 though in a few of the lumber districts of northern and eastern Ontario that industry is 
 described as fairly active and as maintaining the rate of laborers' wages up to its normal 
 point. Still another cause of low svages, inff rentially alluded tq by correspondents, is the 
 inferiority of so many of the men who pass as agricultural laborers. It is a subject of 
 universal complaint that ordinary navvies who know little or nothing of farm work, as 
 well as many lazy and worthless characters, impose themselves on farmers and rather 
 hinder than help them, while, at the same time, their presence tends to sw^ell the labor 
 supply and thus to keep down the ifeite of pay for good hands. Nevertheless, correspon- 
 dents say that really desirable agricultural laborers, who know their business and are 
 willing to work, are always in request at fair rates of pay. 
 
 The servant girl question is becoming a much more serious problem to our Ontario 
 •farmers than -that relating to male help. In this case the very opposite evil is encoun- 
 tered — scarcity. As several correspondents express it, they cannot be obtained "for love 
 or money," outside of certain very exceptional localities in the most thickly settled parts 
 of the province. This all but universal scarcity is attributed chiefly to the superior 
 attractions of the cities, towns and villages, where so many young women find employment 
 in factories, at the needle, or in various other ways, and where domestic service is not 
 only lighter and morecongenial, but more liberally paid than in the majority of farm houses. 
 The fact of so many young women forsaking the country for the town entails upon 
 farmers' wives overwork and much real hardship, which in obvious ways must seriously 
 impair the condition of the agricultural community unless some effective means are devised 
 for supplying the deficiency so widely complained of. Whether this should be done by 
 increasing the attractions of home life on the farm, so as to lessen the tendency of young 
 women to flock to the towns, or by filling the places of those who leave by female immi- 
 gration or in some other way, is a subject well worthy the consideration of our farmers, 
 in their clubs, institutes or associations. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : Wages a^ e lower than they have been for many years past, and I think 
 are likely to be lower still, as there are five men for every vacancy. 'There has generally been a large number 
 of men employed in the lumber business. This is done now, which is another reason. In winter men can- 
 not get work half the time. 
 
 John L. Sherk, South Dorchester, Elgin : It is impossible for wages to rise until farm produce brings a 
 better price. 
 
 John Haggan, Malahide, Elgin : Wages are not likely to advance, as farmers will work within then- 
 own hmits until there is more remuneration for their products. 
 
 0. H. Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : Girls for housework are hard to be got at any price. It would be 
 a good idea to import good girls. 
 
 J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : Wages will fall on account of low prices and scarcity of money 
 
 R. Eleck, Moore, Lambton : I think wages will likely rise, as the depression appears to be passing away 
 because of the abundant crop of this year. . ' r o j 
 
 Thomas Strachan, Grey, Huron : Girls are plenty, so many of our young men having gone to the United 
 States and the North-west. ° ° 
 
 A. Drunimond, Howick, Huron : Very few young men are going to the West now. 
 
 G. Edwin Gresswell, Tuckersmith Huron : I do not anticipate much either of rise or fall in wages. 
 When wages are out down men drift off to other employment or leave the country. • 
 
 N. J. Clark, Usbome, Huron : Wages are not Hkely to rise, on account of the use of improved machinery 
 and- stock-raising being on the increase. "^ ' 
 
 Malcolm McDonald West Wawanosh, Huron : I think wages are more likely to fall than rise because 
 self-bmders are getting dommon, and in another year as many of them will be sold as of the old reaper. 
 
 and 
 
35 
 
 "Wm. Mackintosh, Arran, Bruce : Good wages would be paid willingly to experienced hands on the 
 farm. 
 
 James M. Monkman, Arran, Bruce : Wages are likely to fall as farmers are going into the raising of 
 stock, and fewer laborers are required. 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : Domestic servants are scarce, owing to higher wages and easier 
 work in towns and cities. 
 
 Robert Russell, Greenock, Bruce: Domestic servants are rather scarce and likely to keep so the 
 majority of farmers being able to keep their girls at home. ' 
 
 Wm. Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Wages are likely to fall by reason of all classes being forced to limit 
 expenses, because of small prices for all produce and no decided appearance of a change. 
 
 John Hiles, Kincardine, Bruce : Wages will probably fall. This and last year have not been prosperous 
 years, and I find all inclined to curtail expenses. 
 
 Peter Torrance, Kinloss, Bruce : There were plenty of laborers this year, and wages were lower than 
 they have been for a number of years. 
 
 George Buskin, Artemesia, Grejf : Plenty of girls to marry, but not to work in farm houses at milking 
 cows, etc. They prefer to work in villages at dressmaking, and in towns such as Toronto as servants, where 
 they get from $8 to $10 per month. 
 
 George Clark, CoUingwood, Grey : Wages have fallen already, and unless times change very much 
 must go still lower. 
 
 William Caulfield, Egremont, Grey : I think it would be much better if servants would hire by the year 
 instead of sponging in the winter and asking such high wages in the summer, and grumbling about long 
 hours, as the work or the hours are not what they *ere 25 years ago for hardship. 
 
 James Shearer, Egremont, Grey : The supply of laborers here for the most part has been equal to the 
 demand, but with the increased use of labor-saving implements and more stock-raising it is rather in excess 
 of the demand at present. There is a considerable surplus of domestic help here, but the farmers who have 
 to hire find it hard enough to get it because they do not like to give more than $3 or $4 per month, while 
 in the cities of Toronto, Hamilton and Guelph they get from $5 to $8 per month. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : Wages are likely to fall owing to the prospect of hard times, short 
 crops, and poor prices. 
 
 Daniel Marshall, Keppel, Grey : Machinery of all kinds is in use to lighten farm labor, and it helps to 
 keep wages at a reasonable rate ; and all good farmers are preparing their farms for machinery. 
 
 George B. Bristow, Osprey, Grey : Wages are likely to fall, owing to hard times, scarcity of money and 
 the use of machinery. 
 
 John F. McDonald, Sullivan, Grey ; Wages are likely to rise, because young men are going West. 
 
 Robert McCutcheon, Sydenham, Grey : ^ages are likely to come down as farmers are using labor- 
 saving machines, and with poor crops and low prices they cannot afford to pay the wages that have been 
 paid, neither can they afford to go on with underdraining or other improvements. Good farm hands are 
 asking $18 per month. If some farm immigrants would come this way they would do Well in place, of 
 stopping about towns. ' 
 
 James Cannon, jr. , Sydenham, Grey : Wages are likely to fall as farmers are going greatly into stock- 
 raising. 
 
 J. K. Irving, Innisfil, Simcoe : Domestic servants are very scarce : they can hardly be got for love or 
 money. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : I think wages are likely to remain about the same as they are, as 
 lumbering here takes all surplus hands. 
 
 ' GeoVge Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : Wages will undoubtedly fall because, as the lumber business decreases 
 through lack of material, laborers are becoming more plentiful, and lower wages will be accepted. 
 
 R. A. Brown, West Nissouri, Middlesex : The supply of domestic servants is rather limited, but getting 
 more plentiful, because their wages have doubled in the last four years. They are not yet what they should be 
 in comparison with men's wages, considering the amount of labor performed. Women's wages must yet 
 come up— the law of supply and demand will make them what they should be. 
 
 Peter Stewart, West Williams, Middlesex : I don't think wages for farm hands will get any higher as 
 there is not the demand for laborers on Manitoba railroads that there has been, and crops being rather poor 
 farmers will do with as little help as possible. 
 
 James G. Pettit, East Oxford, Oxford : I think the rate of wages for good farm laborers who understand 
 the care of stock wOl keep up to a good figure, on account of a scarcity of that class. 
 
 M W Schell, East Oxford, Oxford : The rate of wages is likely to fall as a whole ; but t^e wages for 
 competent, reliable men will be fully maintained. Owing to increased facilities for harvesting by machinery, 
 itinerant laborers will not be required to the same extent. 
 
 Thomas Lloyd Jones, Burford, Brant : Domestic servants are very scarce, which is a great di'awback to 
 our wives who are nothing better than white slaves, what with raising a famdy and doing the drudgery of a 
 farm house. This state of things wUl have a most damaging effect on the nsmg generation. I believe one- 
 half of the deaths in infancy in the country is from lack of proper care. 
 
 Thomas McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Wages for good men wUl not likely fall, but for second-rate men 
 they wUl, I think, be lower. 
 
 John H. Lindebury, Clinton, Lincoln : Domestic servants are very independent. If they can't get big 
 wages they wont work. 
 
36 
 
 John Seoord, Grantham, Lincoln : I do not think wages can go much lower than they are at present. 
 
 J. W. VanDuzer, North Grimsby, Lincoln : Servant girls are scarce, and those we have are getting to' 
 be good organ players. 
 
 John McPhail, Beverley, Wentworth : Domestic servants scarce, expensive and saucy. 
 
 R. Postans, Trafalgar, Halton : The rate of wages should fall, for farmers generally are not making 
 anything, and many are losing money. Prices are very low and likely to remain so, and labor-saving 
 machinery is becoming more abundant. 
 
 N. V. Watson, Chinguaoousy, Peel ; The demand for farm labor is diminishing with the disappearance 
 of the forest, which leaves little or no employment through the winter season. 
 
 A. Forster, Markham, York : Farmers are beginning to see that first-class men pay best. If the Gov- 
 ernment would take some steps to procure the immigration of domestic servants, it would be a great blessing 
 to the country. 
 
 D. James, Markham, York : Wages are likely to fall a little, because labor-saving machinery (such ais 
 binders, hay-tedders, rock-lifters, horse-forks and hay-loaders) is being more used ; on account of low prices 
 farmers are more economical, and hands can afford to take less, as a given sum of money will purchase more 
 of the necessaries of life than it would two years ago. 
 
 Wm. H. Findlay, Scarborough, York : There is an over supply of useless men. Good experienced men 
 are always wanted. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York : There is a lack of domestic servants. The agent convinces a family that 
 an organ is the only thing that affords uninterrupted happiness, and when a grrl can play " Old Grimes is 
 dead she is no longer a domestic servant. 
 
 S. H. Stevenson, Pickering, Ontario : Domestic servants are very hard to be got. This is one of the 
 greatest obstacles in the way of farming. 
 
 Thomas Cain, Scott, Ontario : A binder in the harvest field is equal to four good men. 
 
 George Kennedy, Haldimand, Northumberland : The girls have aU got above hiring. We cannot get 
 them for love or money. 
 
 C. A. MaUory, Percy, Northumberland : We are in greater need of domestic servants than anything 
 else. Our wives are worked too hard, and we cannot get help for them. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburg, Frontenac : I think wages will be more regular in future, as the great public 
 works get completed. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Farmers who have to hire nearly aU their help cannot make 
 farming pay in this section. 
 
 Alexander Ritchie, Storrington, Frontenac : Wages are likely to fall as self-binders are coming into 
 use, as the Canadian Pacific Railway will soon be completed and will throw a number of laborers on the 
 market, as_ farmers are going more into stock-raising and wiU not require so many men, and as wages have 
 been too high for the past two years compared with crops and price? of farm produce. 
 
 Isaac Wright, Augusta, GrenviUe : It is thought by many that wages of farm laborers wiU fall as 
 many who went West are returning. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Lansdowne, Leeds : Domestic servants are scarce and almost worthless. It seems 
 impossible to find one that will take any interest in the work. 
 
 Thomas Moulton, Yonge, Leeds : Girls for servants are scarce, but for wives they are plenty. 
 
 Paul LalDrosse, Bast Hawkesbury, Prescott : Wages are likely to fall on the approach of winter, as is 
 the case every year. \ 
 
 James Suroh, South Plantagenet, Prescott : Men engaged in the woods get about $2 per month less 
 this year than they did last year. 
 
 Neil Stewart, Goulbourn, Carleton : As the lumber business is brisk this year I do not think wages 
 wlU fall. 
 
 W. H. Berry, March, Carleton : Domestic servants are very scarce and apparently becoming more so, 
 city life possessing greater attractions than work on the farm. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew : Wages are not Hkely to rise as there is no railroad building in this 
 part now, and limibering is not very brisk as yet. Self-binders have been introduced in great numbers. In 
 several casep two neighbors own one together. StUl more woiild have been bought if farm produce was 
 bringing a Better price. 
 
 John Whalen, BrudeneU and Lynedoch, Renfrew : Wages are likely to f aU on account of the faUing off 
 in lumbering operations and the completion of railways. 
 
 R. A. Matheson, Gratton, Renfrew: Servant girls are scarce in the summer as most of them have to 
 stay at home and assist with the harvesting ; but they are plentiful during winter. 
 
 ,Peter Anderson, McNabj Renfrew: Servant girls of the right stamp are scarce. It is thought more 
 genteel to earn a precarious living in towns and villages, plying the needle. 
 
 WHliam Selkirk, Petewawa, Renfrew : Wages have fallen 20 per cent, since last year. There is not so 
 much demand for men now on the C. P. R., which has left a lot of men out of work. 
 
 Thomas Cuthbert, Rolphj Buchanan and Wylie, Renfrew: Wages keep up owing to the railway 
 nmning through these townships, and our being in the vicinity of the lumber shanties. 
 
 Reuben Stedman, Drummond, Lanark : Wages are likely to fair because lumbermen are curtailing their 
 operations. 
 
37 
 
 John A. Jackson, Eldon, Victoria : Domestic servants are hard to be got, although their wages are at 
 least BO per cent, higher than they were half a dozen years ago. 
 
 John Fell, sr., Somerville, Victoria : Wages are likely to be lower as lumbering and public works are 
 not in operation to the same extent as usual. 
 
 Hugh Collins, Asphodel, Peterborough : The rate of wages may rise on account of the lumber trade 
 being brisk. 
 
 Thomas Telford, Ennismore, Peterborough : A large number of boys are being supplied through Dr. 
 Barnardo's home, 
 
 Dan. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Wages will probably fall as the lumber industry, which 
 controls the rate of wages in this locality, is in a depressed condition. 
 
 Wm. J. Casselmau, Brunei, Muskoka : I think wa9;es are likely to fall as the railroad through 
 this district is about finished, and I don't hear of much lumbering going on. 
 
 A. Wiancko, Morrison, Muskoka : Wages are higher here than in the older parts of the province. The 
 lumbering industry absorbs all willing hands. Therf would be more done in clearing land if it was not for 
 the high wagest 
 
 CROPS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The following account of crops in the United States is prepared from the October and 
 November reports of the Department of Agriculture at Washington : 
 
 The last winter was the most destructive of wheat since 1866. The area harvested 
 is estimated at 34,000,000 acres, and the average yield at about 10,5 bushels per acre. 
 In some southern and central states the average is only 5 bushels per acre, while in 
 Michigan the crop is the best for several years. In the north-western states there is com- 
 plaint of shrivelled grain, and the yield is very unequal. 
 
 The total yield of bats is estimated at 600,000,000 bushels, and the average yield at 
 27 to 28 bushels per acre. In some southern states it was injured by drought : but the 
 most extensive injury was caused by excessive rains during and immediately after harvest 
 —especially in lOwa, Illinois, and in parts of Michigan, Ohio, New York and Pennsyl- 
 vania. In portions of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Iowa serious damage was done by 
 grasshoppers. , , 
 
 A fair product of barley has been secured, the average yield being twenty-two bushels 
 per acre In New York a gdod deal of the grain was stained or otherwise damaged by 
 excessive rains, and to some extent in Iowa and Wisconsin. In Kentucky and Tennessee 
 a considerable portion of the crop was killed by frosts. 
 
 The rye crop is small, the yield per acre being about the same as that ot wheat. In 
 the west it has been more successful than in the eastern and middle states. The acreage 
 
 of rye is not extending. . , , . -, oon x. ■ nc 
 
 The corn crop of this season is the first of a full average yield since 1880, bemg^b 
 to 28 bushels of shelled corn per acre. The area is nearly 74,000,000 acres, being the 
 largest in the history of the country. The quality is very good m the east and south, 
 medium in the central parts of the west, and rather low on the northern border from 
 
 Michigan to Dakota. , , , ,.i • n„ j 
 
 Sorghum has in the aggregate yielded , well, and the quality is generally good. 
 Excessive rain in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, and early frosts in portions of the north- 
 western states, have, however, wrought some injury. There has been an increased area 
 
 ^^Th?bu?kwhS::rotis large, averaging over 14 bushels per -e. f -f^^^-^^^f 
 considerable iniury from August and September frosts in several western and north- 
 western states '' D^amage from grasshoppers is also reported from portions of West Vir- 
 pinia Ohio Illinois, Iowa and Missouri. t? i j j. 
 
 An excess of rdn has been very injurious to the potato crop from New ^ngland to 
 Minntsota The crop in New York has been reduced one-third and the ^Qt has been 
 se louslfprevarent ^portions of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Northern 
 lS£^ Thlreports From Wisconsin and Iowa are extremely unfavorable. In parts of 
 
38 
 
 Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois and Minnesota the crop has 
 been materially diminished, and in a few localities almost destroyed by bugs. 
 
 The hay product aggregates over 47,000,000 tons, the yield per acre averaging 1 J tops. 
 The principle causes assigned for shortage are, drought in early summer in portions of 
 New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Minnesota, 
 Missouri and Nebraska, and the prevalence of rain during the period for cutting and 
 curing in New England, New York and the western states. Wisconsin and Iowa have 
 suffered most seriously from this latter cause. 
 
 The yield of apples has been unusually large for an "off" year. In some sections 
 the crop is above that of an average bearing year in both quantity and quality. The New 
 England states make the most abundant return, though accompanied by little demand 
 and low prices ; the reports from New York and the middle states are only slightly less 
 favorable ; while the orchards of the west and north-west make but a poor showing, owing 
 to the ravages of frost last winter and spring. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS, 
 
 In the table of average produce per acre which follows the yield for states of the 
 American Union is taken from the reports of the United States Depairtment of Agricul- 
 ture, the results for those states being obtained from the returns made by threshers and 
 correspondents in the same way as in Ontario. The comparison, it will be observed,- is 
 largely in favor of Ontario. The British statistics are taken from the official reports of 
 the Board of Trade and of the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council. 
 
 AVERAGE YIELD OF CEREALS PER ACRE IN ONTARIO AND EIGHT AMERICAN STATES. 
 
 Fall Wheat: 1886. 1884. 1883. 1882. 
 
 Ontario bush 24,6 24.0 10.6 26.3 
 
 Ohio ^ do 8.1 15.3 9.6 16.7 
 
 Michigslh do 20.0 14.0 12.0 17.3 
 
 Indiana do 10.8 13.2 10.4 15.7 
 
 Illinois do 9.2 12.6 10.0 16 
 
 NewYorlsdo 15.6 16.5 11.0 18 7 
 
 Pennsylvania bush 10.0 15.0 13.6 15.6 
 
 Spkinu Whkat : 
 
 Ontario bush 11.4 20.2 16.6 16 6 
 
 Iowa do 11.2 12.6 12.7 ll!o 
 
 Minnesotado 11.5 16.1 13.2 13.3 
 
 Barlet : I 
 
 Ontario bush 27.7 27.3 24.3 28 6 
 
 Ohio do y 20.6 26.0 21.0 199 
 
 Michigan do 27.0 23.0 21.0 25 2 
 
 Indiana do 12.5 23.0 20.4 24 
 
 Illinois do 22.3 24.0 26.0 22 5 
 
 SewYorkdo 22.0 23.0 , 24.5 25 
 
 Pennsylvania bush 18.6 19.0 26.0 23 5 
 
 Iowa bush 23.0 "* 23.0 23 6 217 
 
 Minnesotado 23.8 20,4 24.0 23!3 
 
 Oats: | 
 
 Ontario bush 36.8 38.9 38.6 36 4 
 
 Ohio do 34,6 29.0 34.0 28 
 
 Michigan do 86.5 32.0 36.7 333 
 
 Indiana do 31.5 30.0 30.5 270 
 
 Illinois do 32:7 33.0 33.0 374 
 
 NewYorkdo 28.0 80.0 32.0 342 
 
 Pennsylvania bush 27,0 28,0 33.0 27 8 
 
 Iowa bush .-32.6 32.0 36.0 318 
 
 Minnesotado 34.7 3,6,3' 37.0 400 
 
39 
 
 ACREAGE OP CROPS IN 
 
 Crop. 
 Wheat , 
 
 GREAT BHITAIN AND IRELAND, 
 1885. 1884. 
 
 2,553,092 2,750,588 
 
 2,447,169 2,346,041 
 
 4,282,694 4,276,866 
 
 59,301 64,234 
 
 441,267 464,839 
 
 231,202 230,696 
 
 1885 AND 1884. 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 197,496 
 
 Barley 
 
 101,128 
 6,728 
 6,067 
 
 Oats.... 
 
 
 Rye 
 
 
 Beans 
 
 13,672 
 
 
 606 
 
 
 
 Total corn and pulse crops 
 
 10,014,625 
 
 1,366,922 
 
 2,322,387 
 
 392,907 
 
 20,040 
 
 201,062 
 
 472,666 
 
 6,738,206 
 
 110,639 
 
 71,327 
 
 679,707 
 
 22,279,478 
 25,616,071 
 
 47,895,549 
 
 10,113,264 
 
 1,373,835 
 
 2,342,677 
 
 363,031 
 
 17,062 
 
 192,397 
 
 444,968 
 
 6,392,402 
 
 91,444 
 
 69,269 
 
 773,542 
 
 22,173,771 
 26,667,206 
 
 47,840,977 
 
 1 
 
 98,639 
 
 
 
 17,913 
 
 20,190 
 
 ,\ 
 
 Turnips and Swedes 
 
 
 Mangels 
 
 29,876 
 2,978 
 8,666 
 
 27,698 
 354,808 
 
 19,195 
 2,068 
 
 
 
 Cabbag-e, kohl-rabi and rape 
 
 Yetehes and other green crops 
 
 Clover, &c., and grasses under rotation 
 Flax 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 193,835 
 
 
 
 
 105,707 
 
 
 
 51,135 
 
 
 
 
 
 64,572 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 CULTIVATED ACREAGE OP GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, 1885 AND 1884. 
 
 1885. 
 
 England 24,880,307 
 
 Wales 2,818,306 
 
 Scotland 4,846,805 
 
 Grea,t Britain 32,644,418 
 
 Isle of Man and Channel Islands 132,101 
 
 Ireland 15,219,030 
 
 XJAited Kingdom 47,895,549 
 
 LIVE STOCK OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, 1886 AND 1884. 
 
 1885. 1884. , Increase. Decrease. 
 
 Horses 1,909,200 1,904,616 4,685 
 
 Cattle. 10,868,760 10,422,762 445,998 
 
 Sheep 30,086,200 29,376,787 709,413 
 
 Pigs 3,686,628 3,906,206 219,677 
 
 Poultry 29,940,200 28,944,249 996,951 
 
 • 1884. 
 
 24,844,490 
 2.809,668 
 
 Increase. 
 
 35,817 
 8,748 
 33,992 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 
 
 
 32,466,861 
 
 132,279 
 
 16,242,837 
 
 78,657 
 
 178 
 
 
 23,807 
 
 
 
 47.840.977 
 
 64,672 
 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 The following extracts are taken from the general remarks of correspondents : 
 
 J. R. Stobbs, Romney, Kent : Quite a number are selling their apples at $1 per barrel. Crops of all kinds 
 have been up to the average in our township. There are very few self -binders used to take off the crop, 
 although quite a number are talking of getting them. , 
 
 J. G. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : The timber industry in this section promises to be very active this season 
 principally in the export of elm logs. American buyers are coming over and buying whole tracts of elm 
 timbef, at prices which the local mills cannot give and make a profit. This gives plenty of work m wmter, 
 but what in summer ? ^ 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : What about. the advisability of making each one fence in his own 
 animals, and thus do away with road and line fences, which are costly to put up and keep m repair, which 
 harbor noxious weeds and keep a great deal of land out of cultivation ? 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : The Ontario Government should secure all the, vegetables, fruiti 
 and cereals that take prizes at tke leading exhibitions in the. different parts of the Province next fall and 
 send to the Colonial Exhibition held in London. If they arrived not sooner than the middle of October, 
 arrangements could be made for their reception at that time. 
 
 John L. Sherk, South Dorchester. Elgin : As we cannot compete with the North-West in rising wheat, 
 I think the farmers of Ontario would do well to turn their attention more to raising good stock-both horses 
 and cattle. People are breeding heavy horses lately, but they should be careful and not go too far. in a 
 few years driving horses will be scarce and command high prices. 
 
 John H. Best, Walpole, Haldimand : I am sorry to say that the Canadian thistle and ragweed are not 
 kept in check as they should be. 
 
40 
 
 Wm. MuBsen, Oneida, Haldimand : I consider that fanners, on the whole, will realize as much as former 
 years, if not more than last year, by the excellent wheat crop, although low in price. Barley and oats. 
 much as last year in yield and price. 
 
 D. G. Holcomb, Thorold, WeUand : I have never seen heavier crops of hay, whea,t, barley, oats and 
 com— in all an abundant crop. Although prices are low, people feel happy. 
 
 Wm. Parker, Stamford, WeUand : I had 61 bushels of bright barley to the acre. 
 
 J. A Ramsden, Humberstone, Welland : On the whole, the year 1885 has been a very discouraging one 
 to farmers, crops being injured badly by the wet weather. With farm labor comparatively high, and 
 extremely 16w prices for stock and produce, the outlook for farmers is very discouraging. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : A good deal N)f wheat that is sowed this fall is put in in poor 
 condition. Because the crop was .good this year, it is put in in all kinds of ground with the expectation of a 
 good crop another year. What fools some farmers are ! 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : The season of 1885 will be remembered as producing, on the whole, the 
 finest crops ever harvested in Lambton. 
 
 SUas MUls, Moore, Lambton : Never in the history of our township have so many apples of choice 
 quality been shipped. 
 
 George Shirley, Brooke, Lambton : A large amount of money is being paid out here for apples alone. 
 There will be shipped from Watford station at least 20,000 barrels. i 
 
 Finlay Anderson, Bast Wawanosh, Huron : A great number of farms are offered for sale in this town- 
 ship. Owing to low prices for farm produce and cost of living, real estate is depreciating in value. 
 
 Henry Doupe, TJsbome, Huron : I am of opinion that if the farmers sowed their spring wheat, if possible, 
 about two weeks earlier, they would have a. better crop. Formerly we put it in the ground the two last 
 weeks of April ; now it is sown the two first in May. 
 
 J. B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce : Taken as a whole, this has been a cold, wet, backward year. Garden 
 vegetables, such as corn, tomatoes, melons, etc., did not come to maturity, and it was also the cause of the 
 bees not gathering more honey and breeding more. 
 
 Robert Russell, Greenock, Bruce : Owing to the failure of the spring wheat, a great quantity of fall wheat 
 has been sown. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : The continued low price of grain is a serious drawback to the farmer. 
 Live stock is lower in price at the present time in this section than it has been for many years. How and 
 when a change is to come it is hard to conjecture. 
 
 Robert Dunlop, Euphrasia, Grey : The ensuing winter wiU be a trying season to farmers. Some of 
 those on rented farms will break down. Wages and rents have been high, and wheat especially has failed. 
 I suppose that there will be over 25 per cent, of the spring wheat that must be screened out to make the crop' 
 fit for market. 
 
 George Buskin, Artemesia, Grey : In this part of the province the time between harvest and winter is 
 very short, and there is not sufficient time to work up the soil. Hence summer fallowing, manm-ing, raising 
 of roots, sowing of clover, etc., are the only sure methods of fanning, and many farmers do not adopt these 
 plans ; hence dirty land and poor crops. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : For some cause which I do not undertake to explain, wheat, and especi- 
 ally spring wheat, no matter how well adapted to soil and climate, will only do well for a limited time. The 
 Glasgow or Red Fife did well for a whUe, but it fails to yield an abundant crop. The Red Chaff yielded for 
 a time, but has had its day. Tlien the White Russian was introduced and did well for a time, but it is now 
 evident it cannot be much longer cultivated and reasonable yields realized. And, as we know of no other 
 hardy varieties being introduced, what is to be done ? Would it not be well for our leading men, who control 
 the finances of the province, to adopt some plan whereby new varieties of seed, suitable for the country, 
 could be supplied to the farmers at a reasonable price ? 
 
 Wm. EOiott, West WUliams, Middlesex : Taking the township at la%e, I am of opinion that farm pro 
 duce has been equal to, if not greater than, last year's yield ; fruits, excepting apples, are less, and live stock 
 more numerous and in better condition. Prosperity seems to advance. 
 
 Wm. Black, Westminster, Middlesex : Our crops are not equal to last year, and prices for grain not any 
 better than last year, but we consider that times are iii a favorable way for improvement. 
 
 R. A. Brown, West Nissouri, Middlesex : The industry of the apiarian is like that of all other branches 
 of fanning : where wisdom, forethought, skill and plenteous labor are bestowed, there is a margin of profit 
 always, although there do come years of adversity, like the one just past. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Ekf rid, Middlesex : A very good season on the whole ; people busy improving their 
 farms with tile-draining, and building brick houses. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : On the whole, the hardest year since the Bureau started: much 
 more pleasant to report when crops are good. Fall wheat and hay are about the only crops we have. 
 
 M. W. Schell, East Oxford, Oxford : Owing to the low price realized for cheese, and the fact of the 
 cereals being much below an average crop as regards quantity and quality, the total financial receipts will 
 be necessarily smaller than usual. But as mixed husbandry is adopted by most farmers in this township 
 the year's return, as a wh6le, will not be discouraging. 
 
 W. M. Ryan, Dereham, Oxford : As this was an extra late spring, farmers to a certain extent were 
 prepared for a bad year, and, as the farmers of this section practice mixed farming, what will be lost in one 
 branch of the business will, I have no doubt, be made up in another. As wheat and cheese are the staple 
 productions of this part of the country, a low price in both products will be a serious drawback. Wheat wiU 
 be a fair price, but as regards cheese the farmers of this section this year will not make the interest on the 
 money invested in cows. 
 
41 
 
 Alex. Bryoe, Brantford, Brant ; People are going into mixed farming more than formerly, and it is 
 paying better. I do not think the land is farmed as well in this vicinity as it should be ; consequently the 
 crops are not as good as the richness oi the soil would warrant. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : We have had some hog cholera in the neighborhood. 
 
 Horace Chisholm, Brantford, Brant : Prices for machinery are high when compared with the results of the 
 crops. The amount of interest which the farmer receives for the capital invested will not bear the pressure ; 
 the proportion is too great. 
 
 Geo. FoUis, Wallace, Perth : On account of the fall wheat being good this year people have sown a 
 good deal of land in a very poor state this fall. 
 
 Geo. Leversage, Fullarton, Perth : Had spring wheat and barley been up to the average, and prices a 
 little better, farmers would have had no cause to complaiu. As it is, there is some despondency. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : A prominent feature of general farm management is, the non-specu- 
 lative men feel comfortable, and are waiting what time will develop as to special lines. 
 
 John Strang, West Garafraxa, Wellington : A lot of splendid bank barns have been bmlt here 
 this summer, which shows that farmers are appreciating good stables for stock. 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eramosa, Wellington : There is every reason to expect a season of depression, what with 
 rusted and midge-eaten wheat, light oats, discolored barley, poor root crops (which we greatly depend 
 upon) and extremely low prices for all farm produce, be it grain, roots or meat. But I trust that, with 
 strict economy, we may weather the storm. 
 
 W. C. Smith, WUmot, Waterloo : Afternoon farmers and renters will find it difficult to meet their pay- 
 ments, owing to the low price of dairy produce, the failure in the spring wheat, and the potatoes rotting. 
 
 Isaac Groh, Waterloo, Waterloo : Barley is mostly fed on the farm ; so are peas, rye and oats, for the 
 reason that farmers begin to realize unless land is fed it cannot produce. 
 
 David Spence, Amaranth, DufEerin : This wiH be a trying year on many, as what spring wheat people 
 had is not saleable. If it had not been for fall wheat and barley, a great many people would be very hard 
 up, for last year's crops being poor and prices low all who had stock on hand had to part with them, causing the 
 supply on hand now to be very small. 
 
 John Jackson, Caistor, Lincoln : The crops in this section, taken all together, including hay and pas- 
 ture, I think were never better. 
 
 John.H. Lindebury, Clinton, Lincoln : We have had rather a prosperous year. The crops have been 
 good— grass short and winter wheat good ; beeves bripg a good price, and grain though low is rising m 
 value, and I think we have no reason to complain. 
 
 Frank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : In this locality the crop of fall wheat was the only good crop ; I had 
 400 bijshels more than I expected. Other crops were below the average. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : The season has been a good one in general. The only crop that has 
 suffered serious injury is potatoes, from rot. 
 
 Robert Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : This has been a very unfavorable year for farmers; the 
 weather has been unseasonable and the damage considerable ; consequently our expenses have been greater, 
 while at the same time th* price of nearly everything we had to sell has been below cost. 
 
 Ramsay McNeil, Flamboro' West, Wentworth : Except for the potato rot, farmers are well satisfied. 
 
 John Weylie, Glanford, Wentworth : The season as a whole has been a good one. In travelling through 
 the country you see signs of improvement everywhere— new houses and bank barns ; so that the farmers ot 
 Ontario need not fear comparison with those of any other country. 
 
 George F. Lewis, Saltfleet, Wentworth : The price of everything a farmer-has to sell is so low that money 
 seems very scarce ; but when good farming is done an excellent crop is harvested, so that on the whole we 
 have reason to be thankful. If farmers would turn their attention more to good stock, they would have less 
 to complain of. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : Much has been done in the last few years in the way of cleaning 
 the land and preparing it for crops. Very few farmers think of sowmg grain on land ploughed m fall, 
 unless cultivated or cross-ploughed in spring. 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : The season, all things considered, has been a profitable one for far- 
 mers. The crop as a whole has been a good one, and prices, except for wheat, have been tairly good, ana 
 even the prospect for wheat is more hopeful than it was last year. 
 
 R. Postans, Trafalgar, Halton : What is the next new weed to be introduced? 0'°1|. ^J'',^ ^f ^f^^, 
 the ragweed made its appearance on my place, and in spite of close watching it ,s ^''^t °:f/;4*[ Yhe t Ud 
 appeaLg here and there, the seed evidently having been dropped by birds. And now 3,^^*^"' *™° 
 fl^x has lot a foothold with its myriad of small seeds that wouM pass m alsike clover seed withou^^^^ 
 I have aWt ten bushels of timothy seed from the wheat crop this year, and will have to chop it for seed, as 
 I will neither sow nor sell it. 
 
 Alex. McLaren, Oaledon, Peel : A lean season. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguaoousy, Peel; 
 flooded with a class of men who can handle t 
 answeralmost invariably is, "No." As I co -, ,- u" 
 
 important that farm servants should learn to be good ploughmen. 
 
 A. Forster, Markham, York : This has been one of the finest falls in *X'l [oTdoiw ^v ktdof 
 gathering fruit, and talcing up roots ; and the summer has been a very fine, cool one for domg any Kma 
 out-door work. 
 
42 
 
 D. James, Markham, York : While the profits on the farm during the past two years have been small, 
 farmers appear to have confidence in their occupation, as the price of land has depreciated very little. 
 Their profits being email, farmers arelnore careful how they expend and invest their money. They are just 
 now receiving a good education, which will be of great advantage to them all through life. 
 
 Robert 0. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : There is general dulness amongst farmers, owing to low prices and 
 the failure of si ring wheat. 
 
 Philip McRae, Mara, Ontario : This will be the hardest year on farmers for the last thirty years. All 
 our crops are far below the average, and with the low prices for crops and stock, things look pretty blue for 
 the farmer, and in fact for all. i 
 
 Joseph McGrath, Mara, Ontario : Farmers are greatly improving their places in regard to buildings, a 
 great many having gone up this year. There are great complaints of hard tinies, and I think they wfll be 
 bad this winter. 
 
 R. Porsyth, Pi' kering, Ontario : The outlook at present is not very bright. A late spring and late 
 seeding, unseasonable weather for certain crops, together with low prices for wheat, will bring about pinching 
 times with a good many farmers. The lesson to De derived wUl induce some to carry on a more mixed way 
 of farming. 
 
 il. R. Mowbray, Pickering, Ontario : This is likely to be one of the hardest years we have had for some 
 time. However, farmers in this vicinity have no reason to complain, as prices have been fair, and in most 
 oases a sufficient quantity of produce has been raised to pay expenses, if nothing more, and we hope for a 
 better return next year. 
 
 James Mackie, Uxbridge, Ontario : The farmer who uses the most improved implements and stock has 
 Silways the best improved farm, which gives the beat crops, and these fetch the best prices, and there is con- 
 sequently no grumbling. 
 
 R. P. Harman, XJxbridge, Ontario : Times are very close, money is very scarce, and many persons are 
 selling out at low prices. Upon the whole, the outlook is not good. Many farmers will not be able to square 
 up their accounts this year. 
 
 James McLean, Cavan, Durham : The prospects are not encouraging. I am afraid this will be a hard 
 winter for laboring men, unless the Government go on with some public works to help the poor. 
 
 H. A. Walker, Hope, Durham : Our township is getting, very foul with weeds. I would advise every 
 farmer to summer-follow one field every year well, and if necessary drain it well, so as to get the whole farm 
 done every six years. We require a great deal of draining. Many fields are part wet and part dry, which 
 prevents sowing crops until it is too late. 
 
 Katt Hinman, Haldimand, Northumberland : More than three-fourths of the conjmunity seem hard-up. 
 Many improvements would be made if they could be afforded. Low prices f pr all produce cripple the far- 
 mer ; then all mvmt suffer. 
 
 C. A. MaUory, Percy, Northumberland : Farmers are looking forward to the prospect of a hard winter. 
 With the failure of spring wheat, barley badly colored, hay short, the price of cheese very low, and cattle 
 cheaper than usual, our farmers are feeling poor. 
 
 A. J. Brooks, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward i Farming has been very backward work this year, and the 
 prospect is very, poor for anotnei; year. This old county does nothing much but raise barley. There is no 
 enterprise in the farmers. Good stock is not raised to any extent, unless it is a few good horses. 
 
 W. H. Montray, Amherst Island, Lennox and Addington : On the whole this is a poor season for the 
 farmers of this district. The barley is of poor quality, and it is the grain they most depend upon. Cheese 
 IS low in price, and potatoes a complete failure; large patches' altogetner rotten. 
 
 M. Spoor, Wolfe Island, Frontenac : Unless some steps are taken by the Government, or otherwise, to 
 mtroduce foreign labor, farming in this locality must cease to a certain extent, owing to the want of 
 labor and high wages. Portions of my crop have been lost on the field before they were housed for the 
 want of help, while others, after paying excessive wages to harvest the crop, find themselves either in 
 debt or with nothing left, as the present prices will not afford such high wages. 
 
 A. Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : Taking everything into consideration, it has been about as bad a year 
 for small farmers as we have had for the last twenty years. The hay crop is about the most profitable that 
 the farmer has ; price good and ruling higher. 
 
 A. Abbott, Elizabethtown, Leeds : A good many farms have been sold this fall at good prices— average 
 about $80 per acre. I sold fifty acres for $75. 
 
 G. F. Benson, Jldwardsburgh, GrenviUe : The crops in this section have altogether been good this year, 
 with the exception of the potato crop, which has been almost a total failure owing to the prevalence of rot. 
 There seems to be a surplus of hay and grains of different kinds, while the lands are in good shape for next 
 season's crop. 
 
 Alex. Farlinger, Dundas county ; Farm lands increasing in value, rents of same higher, farmers very 
 niuch more intelligent — read and think more actively. Very few sales of farms ; farmers' sons anxious to 
 buy and settle down in this locality, saying they do not find anything abroad to equal lands and climata 
 here, and that the maturity of stock here is not excelled. The valley between the St. Lawrence river and 
 the Ottawa is pirt of the garden of Canada ; people as well as stock have great powers of endurance. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : All grains promised an abundant yield, but farmers are disappointed 
 when they thresh. They have less grain, and of a poorer sample than expected. 
 
 A. Schultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : Hay is very scarce here ; the price is $16 to $18 per ton now and will 
 I think, be up to $20 and $25 before long. ' 
 
43 
 
 Thomas Roche, Hagerty, Renfrew : From actual experience here early sown crop is the most profitable, 
 and to facilitate that object everything that possibly could should be done this fall, such as draining, 
 ploughing, manuring, etc. 
 
 J. G. Baird, M.D., Fakenham, Lanark : All agriculturists are well pleased with yield of farm produce 
 this year, excepting spring wheat. 
 
 John Westlake, Eldon, Victoria : Owing to general failure of cereals and low prices this will be a very 
 hard year on farmers in this section ; in fact we have never heard so much complamt in our remembrance. 
 Everything is being turned into cash that can possibly be spared. 
 
 John A. Jackson, Eldon, Victoria : This has been and is likely to continue a hard year with farmers. 
 Still they are not wholly discouraged. Farm lands sell and rent about as well as they have for the past few 
 years. 
 
 Dan. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Present outlook for the farmer is very gloomy ; especially is 
 this so with cattle, for which there appears to be no market. Cattle of ten years old and upwards which a 
 year since were sold at a remunerative rate are not now in demand, and will probably remain in their owner's 
 hands for another year. This is partly owing to the depressed state of the lumber trade, which largely 
 controls the price in this vicinity. 
 
 George Wm. Deller, Cardiff, Haliburton : The one great fault here, as in backwood townships generally, 
 is " too many irons in the fire at once," and consequently the farm usually suffers. For instance, one man 
 here can't find time to draw all his manure, while he fully realizes the value and the need of it. The practice 
 here is to attempt too much, and as the inevitable result, to do nothing. 
 
 Arthur W. Bartlett, Monte'agle, Hastings : Farming is done here generally in the roughest possible 
 way, as much of the land is new, but considering the treatment, with good success. But fall wheat is almost 
 sure to winter-kiU. Barley does well, but is not grown as there is no demand for it. 
 
 H. Armstrong, MoKellar, Muskoka : Little wheat sown because of market being |;ood for oats and hay 
 to supply lumbering operations. But wheat does well. Another reason is that grist nulls are not abundant. 
 The country is well adapted to stock-raising. The settlers are contented and doing well. 
 
 Stephen Brundige, Ryde, Muskoka : We have a new township, therefore we don't plough so much. 
 The less we plough the better for 'us. I only plough when the grass fails ; it pays the best to sell the beef 
 and mutton, and spread the manure on the land in the shape of top dressing. It doubles the crop. 
 
 J. M. Ansley, McDougall, Parry Sound : This vicinity suffered from want of seed grain in the spring, 
 consequently had to wait for supply until navigation opened.^ It was then too late to take advantage of 
 _early sowing. Next year this matter will be remedied by the majority of the farmers laying in their supply 
 of seed required for next spring before navigation closes this fall. 
 
 Robert F. Ogle, Carnarvon, Algoma : Our local miller reports that he never saw so much frozen wheat 
 coming into mill since wheat was first grown by white settlers on this part .of the Island (Grand Manitouhn). 
 
44 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. I.— Monthly temperatures for August, September and October, 1885, showing the highest 
 and lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest, and the mean temperature of each month. 
 
 TEMPERATURE. 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 /-Highest 
 
 o 
 
 84.4 
 4-2.3 
 70 20 
 53.60 
 62.08 
 
 84.1 
 
 37.8 
 
 67.45 
 
 49.63 
 
 68.76 
 
 75.3 
 
 21.1 
 
 64.38 
 
 4C.01 
 
 46.82 
 
 o 
 
 82.0 
 42 
 71.77 
 63.81 
 64.54 
 
 80.0 
 
 37.0 
 
 66.83 
 
 47.08 
 
 68.66 
 
 71.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 56.09 
 
 38.09 
 
 47.20 
 
 o 
 89.0 
 43.6 
 75.28 
 64.97 
 66.03 
 
 87.5 
 
 41.2 
 
 73.47 
 
 61.16 
 
 62.66 
 
 78.8 
 21.6 
 68.87 
 - 37.94 
 48.76 
 
 o 
 
 82,4 
 
 40.3 
 
 71.86 
 
 61.47 
 
 60.86 
 
 81.3 
 
 35.0 
 
 66.74 
 
 46.29 
 
 67.07 
 
 75.2 
 
 16.0 
 
 62.46 
 
 36.21 
 
 44.23 
 
 o 
 
 87.4 
 
 42.2 
 
 74.64 
 
 61.36 
 
 66.02 
 
 88.8 
 
 35.1 
 
 69.42 
 
 43.41 
 
 59.91 
 
 72.8 
 
 17.8 
 
 57.23 
 
 86.60 
 
 47.87 
 
 o 
 83.1 
 48. 2 
 71.14 
 66.15 
 63.47 
 
 82.6 
 
 38.1 
 
 66.91 
 
 46.73 
 
 66.99 
 
 70.2 
 23 4 
 62.82- 
 38.43 
 45.84 
 
 o 
 86.6 
 33.1* 
 74.97 
 62.77 
 63.84 
 
 84.5 
 
 36.1 
 
 70.48 
 
 44.64 
 
 66.93 
 
 77.7 
 
 19.0 
 
 64.34 
 
 36.81 
 
 46.74 
 
 o 
 82.4 
 40.2 
 69 95 
 52.94 
 62.06 
 
 79.6 
 
 35.0 
 
 66.97 
 
 46.74 
 
 66.68 
 
 73.1 
 
 20.3 
 
 63.06 
 
 38.24 
 
 46.60 
 
 o 
 83.2 
 40 7 
 73.48 
 63.76 
 62.49 
 
 82.0 
 
 29.8 
 
 68.20 
 
 44.06 
 
 54.66 
 
 731 2 
 
 21.4 
 
 63.37 
 
 37.57 
 
 44.67 
 
 o 
 86.6 
 
 
 
 40.0 
 
 August - 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 ^Monthly mean 
 
 /-Highest 
 
 74.68 
 63 07 
 62.80 
 
 84.6 
 36.9 
 
 September..-* 
 October - 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 '-Monthly mean — 
 
 -Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 68.43 
 44.70 
 66.14 
 
 74.6 
 21.9 
 
 MeaD highest . ... 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 l^Mo^thly mean 
 
 64.47 
 36.16 
 46.96 
 
 *The extremely low reading of the thermometer in Peterborough for August is amply verified by other stations 
 At Lindsay, 32.S ; at Bancroft, 32.1 ; at Renfrew, 32.1 ; and at stations in Muskoka, 31.0, were registered on the same day. 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Monthly summary of the average fall of Rain and Snow in the several districts of 
 Ontario for August, September and October, 1885. 
 
 
 W. AND S. W. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 AND N. 
 
 Centre, 
 
 E. 4NB N. E. 
 
 MONTHS. 
 
 .E. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 E. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 August 
 
 incbes. 
 5.40 
 
 2.80 
 
 3.44 
 
 
 inches. 
 4.36 
 3.48 
 2.66 
 
 
 inches. 
 3.46 
 
 3.39 
 
 4.32 
 
 
 incbes. 
 2.91 
 
 3.07 
 
 2.77 
 
 
 September 
 
 
 
 
 
 October 
 
 S. 
 
 1.8 
 
 o.s 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 Total 
 
 11.64 
 
 S. 
 
 10.40 
 
 1.8 
 
 11.16 
 
 0.5 
 
 8.75 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 TABLE No. III.— Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during August, September and October, 
 1885, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon each mouth, the hours of registered 
 sunshine, and the totals for the three months. 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 il 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MONTHS. 
 
 ■3^ 
 "1 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 •E 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 B 
 
 1 
 
 
 B« 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 & 
 
 & 
 
 3 
 
 m 
 
 s 
 
 6v 
 
 & 
 
 
 434.6 
 
 183.3 
 
 
 163 4 
 
 219.8 
 
 194.3 
 237.1 
 118.1 
 
 161.1 
 
 196.3 
 
 77. 0' 
 
 204.4 
 230.1 
 105.2 
 
 226.7 
 234.7 
 110.8 
 
 168,6 
 147.0 
 149,4 
 
 
 376.3 
 
 ' 216.1 
 
 
 196 9 
 
 
 
 340.2 
 
 118.5 
 
 
 116.5 
 
 118.6 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1151.0 
 
 616.9 
 
 
 476.8 • 
 
 6^9.0 
 
 549.6 
 
 424.4 
 
 639.7 
 
 672.2 
 
 466.0 
 
 
45 
 
 WHEAT, BARLEY, OATS AND EYE. 
 
 TABLE No. IV.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
 Fall Wheat, Spring Wheat, Barley, Oats and Bye in Ontario in the year 1885. 
 
 
 Fail Wheat. 
 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 Baribt. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Bye. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 
 28,087 
 69,717 
 38,999 
 32,649 
 31,866 
 21,806 
 
 684,761 
 1,630,547 
 886,667 
 764,902 
 796,126 
 458,798 
 
 2,707 
 6,634 
 6,678 
 2,037 
 6,412 
 4,266 
 
 39,766 
 87,665 
 78,427 
 31,064 
 73,756 
 48,816 
 
 2,257 
 3,978 
 3,643 
 4,215 
 12,136 
 4,281 
 
 62,654 
 116,103 
 104,235 
 122.614 
 349,396 
 ,107,796 
 
 28,141 
 32,923 
 31,546 
 26,465 
 21,723 
 17,219 
 
 1,118,042 
 
 1,309.391 
 
 1,206.319 
 
 992,43!- 
 
 802,231' 
 
 659,962 
 
 1,367 
 546 
 
 1,226 
 
 6,416 
 342 
 
 1,084 
 
 , 29,049 
 16,350 
 16,710 
 97,623 
 6,658 
 20,235 
 
 
 
 
 
 Welland 
 
 Totals 
 
 213,014 
 
 6,119,801 
 
 26,624 
 
 359,494 
 
 30,410 
 
 861,857 
 
 168,017 
 
 ^,038,382 
 
 10,980 
 
 188,425 
 
 
 
 28,743 
 69,193 
 46,269 
 
 133,205 
 
 22,783 
 54,602 
 
 810,663 
 1,527.179 
 1,014,026 
 
 15,473 
 41,466 
 22,048 
 
 226,215 
 341,267 
 248,040 
 
 11,977 
 17,660 
 14,623 
 
 365,179 
 494,669 
 410,029 
 
 38,183 
 69,877 
 56,249 
 
 1,473,864 
 2,63-2,965 
 2,042,003 
 
 248 
 135 
 71 
 
 4,299 
 2,025 
 1,775 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 3,361,768 
 
 78,986 
 
 816,512 
 
 44,160 
 
 1,269,767 
 
 163,309 
 
 6,148,832 
 
 454 
 
 8,099 
 
 
 Grey • 
 
 445,636 
 1,378,. 00 
 
 61,684 
 44,360 
 
 460,328 
 420,089 
 
 21,626 
 19,961 
 
 626,353 
 628,967 
 
 76,182 
 58,433 
 
 2,501,817 
 1,937,054 
 
 312 
 1,167 
 
 7,020 
 23,340 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 77,385 
 
 1,824,335 
 
 96,944 
 
 870,417 
 
 41,686 
 
 1,056,320 
 
 134,615 
 
 4,438,871 
 
 1,479 
 
 30,360 
 
 
 
 60,401 
 33,319 
 30,275 
 40,668 
 26,668 
 38,897 
 12,945 
 
 1,420,028 
 814,316 
 < 639,711 
 1,116,620 
 630,487 
 976;704 
 282,072 
 
 36,390 
 22,711 
 3,440 
 27,732 
 31,460 
 11,941 
 22,272 
 
 440,606 
 264,683 
 32,818 
 190,796 
 253,668 
 103,767 
 206,126 
 
 9,147 
 11,401 
 14,413 
 12,087 
 27,228 
 11,652 
 
 9,578 
 
 252,823 
 345,678 
 463,090 
 347,501 
 763,651 
 370,417 
 273,643 
 
 68,122 
 49,717 
 18,596 
 49,886 
 65,129 
 33,708 
 26,109 
 
 2,570,924 
 1,916,099 
 
 677,638 
 1,961,478 
 2,420,845 
 1,320,006 
 
 988,487 
 
 349 
 706 
 726 
 187 
 663 
 465 
 461 
 
 6,980 
 10,676 
 10,331 
 3,179 
 8,445 
 
 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 
 
 4,510 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 242,963 
 
 6,878,938 
 
 164,946 
 
 1,491,263 
 
 96,606 
 
 3,216 
 9,988 
 8,971 
 27,166 
 45,942 
 29,204 
 37,843 
 38,344 
 36,470 
 
 2,818,803 
 
 811,266 
 
 11,864,476 
 
 3,435 
 
 61,907 
 
 
 
 21,009 
 
 31,409 
 
 23,025 
 
 29,600 
 
 39,578 
 
 9,921 
 
 2,640 
 
 9,699 
 
 1,903 
 
 543,082 
 798,417 
 602,796 
 908,720 
 1,066,440 
 249,017 
 
 61,670 
 235,977 
 
 40,344 
 
 4,642 
 4,776 
 5,770 
 14,464 
 32,330 
 63,683 
 48,808 
 36,363 
 11,729 
 
 66,967 
 64,176 
 66,646 
 184,271 
 378,261 
 679,768 
 611,020 
 363,448 
 113,419 
 
 91,302 
 
 320,116 
 
 280,623 
 
 •910,061 
 
 1,416,392 
 
 801,066 
 
 1,061,876 
 
 1,043,340 
 
 796,140 
 
 17,673 
 23,388 
 17,620 
 27,944 
 59,890 
 46,895 
 , 31,957 
 29 614 
 13,487 
 
 '658,988 
 1,061,061 
 
 689,587 
 1,116,363 
 2,286,001 
 1,642,732 
 1,103,475 
 
 916,369 
 
 366,228 
 
 219 
 214 
 
 46 
 611 
 692 
 1,66-2 
 2,617 
 8,018 
 7,186 
 
 4,034 
 
 3,700 
 
 805 
 
 
 Peel 
 
 10 692 
 
 York 
 
 11,072 
 
 
 23,992 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 31,790 
 116,700 
 117,994 
 
 Totals 
 
 168,784 
 
 4,605,462 
 
 212,364 
 
 2,297,866 
 
 237,144 
 
 6,720,814 
 
 271,208 
 
 9,888,804 
 
 21,066 
 
 319,779 
 
 
 
 Lennox 4 Addington. 
 £Vontenac 
 
 2,293 
 
 2,29-2 
 
 6,070 
 
 718 
 
 492 
 
 420 
 
 62 
 
 78 
 
 718 
 
 269 
 
 2,962 
 
 38,981 
 
 48,430 
 
 102,820 
 
 8,408 
 
 7,710 
 
 8,274 
 
 936 
 
 897 
 
 10,318 
 
 4,412 
 
 63,636 
 
 8,774 
 10,984 
 14,329 
 6,897 
 4,630 
 8,749 
 7,H70 
 4,240 
 22,981 
 26,238 
 16,648 
 
 106,604 
 164,760 
 281,278 
 123,188 
 
 93,998 
 164,481 
 114,629 
 
 78,143 
 403,546 
 431,353 
 261,127 
 
 35,852 
 16,263 
 8,155 
 6,742 
 1,994 
 1,380 
 2,024 
 1,301 
 6,758 
 1,148 
 2,664 
 
 82,171 
 
 854,363 
 
 425,277 
 
 220,186 
 
 165,886 
 
 55,832 
 
 34,500 
 
 41,998 
 
 31,224 
 
 177,692 
 
 30,491 
 
 79,174 
 
 23,121 
 24,699 
 62,069 
 29,360 
 24,749 
 30,726 
 26,973 
 19,008 
 67,141 
 39,603 
 
 741,722 
 
 790,368 
 
 2 165,687 
 
 1,229,472 
 
 822,904 
 
 1,190,594 
 
 806,684 
 
 664,720 
 
 1,SI78,793 
 
 1,286,613 
 
 3,810 
 2,406 
 3,923 
 1,468 
 
 371 
 2 
 
 241 
 
 91 
 
 4,472 
 
 6 093 
 
 2,643 
 
 63,036 
 4-2,514 
 
 Leeds & Grenville. . . 
 
 64,180 
 28,626 
 
 
 3,710 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 4,820 
 
 Eussell 
 
 1,820 
 
 Carletoa 
 
 75,363 
 
 
 117,900 
 
 T-anark 
 
 37,728j 1,290,675 
 
 64,631 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 15,364 
 
 294,721 
 
 131,240 
 
 2,223,007 
 
 2,116,612 
 
 375,266 
 
 12,866,040 
 
 1,162,619 
 966,936 
 121,422 
 
 1,310,336 
 
 26,620 
 
 768 
 
 2,474 
 
 187 
 
 11,349 
 
 446,629 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 7,70» 
 
 9,048 
 
 34 
 
 7,307 
 
 184,630 
 
 179,241 
 
 3X1 
 
 132,476 
 
 36,328 
 
 31,478 
 
 1,297 
 
 22,376 
 
 363,108 
 
 266,231 
 
 16,784 
 
 310,341 
 
 24,866 
 
 11,667 
 
 338 
 
 28,080 
 
 632,094 
 
 276,767 
 
 8,450 
 
 723,735 
 
 37,828 
 30,616 
 4,286 
 40,530 
 
 12,419 
 
 40,005 
 
 2,693 
 
 Hastings 
 
 164,660 
 
 Totals 
 
 24,097 
 
 496,628 
 
 91,478 
 
 935,464 
 
 64,801 
 
 1,640,036 
 
 113,260 
 
 3,560,311 
 
 14,778 
 
 219,677 
 
 Miaskoka 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 166 
 
 1,738 
 1,600 
 3,300 
 
 1,661 
 1,803 
 6,427 
 
 22,404 
 33,049 
 81,406 
 
 666 
 780 
 670 
 
 13,428 
 18,62i> 
 18,426 
 
 7,948 
 6,262 
 3,644 
 
 209.98t 
 182,434 
 101,60e 
 
 306 
 
 226 
 
 52 
 
 4,767 
 
 Parry Sound: 
 
 4,005 
 
 Algoma 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 824 
 
 875,136 
 864,740 
 
 6,638 
 
 8,881 
 
 is-i.ses 
 
 2,105 
 
 60,378 
 
 16,764 
 
 494,02t 
 
 56,229,74i 
 67,696,304 
 
 532 
 
 78,29C 
 103,4ie 
 
 9,630 
 
 The Peovikce. -J Jgg' 
 
 21,478,281 
 20,717,631 
 
 799 46a 
 721,64! 
 
 9,129,881 
 14,609,661 
 
 SS7 873 
 700,472 
 
 16,633,687 
 19,119,041 
 
 1,643,746 
 1,481,828 
 
 1,271,606 
 1,648,269 
 
 NoTK.-In this and following tables organized townships only are included in Muskoka, Parry Sound and Algoma. 
 
4& 
 
 PEAS, CORN, BUCKWHEAT, BEANS AND HAY AND CLOVER. 
 
 TABLE No. v.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
 Peas, Corn, Buckwheat, Beans, and Hay and Clover in Ontario in the year 1885. 
 
 
 Peas. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Bdoewheat. 
 
 Beahs. 
 
 Hay akd Ciovee. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 3,74 
 10,67 
 12,64 
 16,06 
 12,39. 
 
 4,77! 
 
 5 67,80 
 ) 231,64 
 ) 282,60 
 ! 321,24 
 ) 243,06 
 ! 82,55< 
 
 1 32,06 
 5 26,39 
 1 14,34 
 J 12,24 
 ) 1,12< 
 i 6,52. 
 
 2 2,301,78 
 r 1,762,62 
 1 1,061,23' 
 ) 834,52. 
 ) 70,24« 
 347,74< 
 
 1 96 
 i 99 
 ( 1,36 
 i 4,66 
 i 54 
 1 l,63f 
 
 5 30,973 694 22,665 38,79 
 I 23,536 14,201 262,719 64,98 
 I 28,037 1,182 27,186 60,21 
 I 99,285 644 10,089 40,40 
 8,007 94 1,410 60,47' 
 > 38,446 661 8,658 46,05. 
 
 i 69,067 
 
 Kent 
 
 2 93,469 
 
 
 r 80,849 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 > 66,163 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 74,201 
 
 Welland 
 
 67,240 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 60,28' 
 
 1,228,81S 
 
 91, m 
 
 6,378,00e 
 
 10,13( 
 
 i 228,284 
 
 17,4ee 
 
 1 332,61' 
 
 { 280,93! 
 
 440,979 
 
 
 9,60J 
 30,945 
 35,92a 
 
 21*1,977 
 790, 87S 
 884,785 
 
 6,366 
 
 1,27« 
 
 48! 
 
 413,288 
 104,20! 
 32,872 
 
 550,362 
 
 64] 
 25; 
 22! 
 
 12,44£ 
 6,376 
 3,859 
 
 •46f 
 
 - lie 
 in 
 
 9,681 
 2,900 
 2,442 
 
 64,87e 
 93,028 
 79,697 
 
 92,740 
 
 
 14ii,124 
 
 Bruce 
 
 96,312 
 
 
 76,47C 
 
 1,892,63£ 
 
 8,131 
 
 1,021 
 
 21,678 
 
 677 
 
 14,923 
 
 227,501 
 
 334,176 
 
 
 
 
 43,152 
 31,674 
 
 956,248 
 673,073 
 
 257 
 638 
 
 15,420 
 31,800 
 
 369 
 229 
 
 7,380 
 4,580 
 
 135 
 101 
 
 2,026 
 2,020 
 
 116,709 
 • 73,884 
 
 131,881 
 
 
 84,228 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 74,826 
 
 1,629,321 
 
 895 
 
 47,220 
 
 698 
 
 11,960 
 
 236 
 
 4,045 
 
 190,593 
 
 216,109 
 
 
 
 
 21,698 
 16,906 
 9,429 
 21,666 
 37,181 
 14,265 
 11,376 
 
 461,549 
 386,198 
 205,081 
 661,965 
 896,434 
 364,842 
 248,668 
 
 9,164 
 
 7,029 
 
 3,866 
 
 459 
 
 376 
 
 1,023 
 
 67 
 
 642.680 
 456 885 
 266,788 
 32,130 
 26,250 
 64,9S6 
 4,690 
 
 429 
 729 
 725 
 169 
 34 
 142 
 118 
 
 ■ 9,009 
 14,580 
 16,131 
 
 2,840 
 2,360 
 
 336 
 206 
 326 
 31 
 43 
 29 
 6 
 
 6,652 
 6,150 
 4,956 
 620 
 646 
 68") 
 120 
 
 91,902 
 64,076 
 31,426 
 67,690 
 80,964 
 42,115 
 34,115 
 
 194.895 
 
 
 107,648 
 47,138 
 
 
 Perth 
 
 106 273 
 
 
 132,781 
 
 
 61,909 
 46,738 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 131,300 
 
 3,124,527 
 
 21,983 
 
 1,488,309 
 
 2,336 
 
 49,325 
 
 976 
 
 18,623 
 
 412,287 
 
 666,882 
 
 
 4,964 
 10,469 
 ll,6r4 
 14,362 
 28,324 
 24,241 
 19,679 
 19,261 
 10,662 
 
 93,878 
 241,310 
 251,156 
 312,374 
 606,700 
 524,818 
 406 371 
 343,053 
 264,737 
 
 5,813 
 3,862 
 804 
 266 
 1,009 
 1,962 
 1,677 
 3,503 
 6,149 
 
 397,202 
 277,344 
 46,663 
 18.620 
 80,720 
 76,080 
 67,291 
 , 129,611 
 ' 172,492 
 
 507 
 
 773 
 
 160 
 
 262 
 
 80 
 
 210 
 
 1,019 
 
 4,606 
 
 6,475 
 
 11,027 
 
 19,325 
 
 1,800 
 
 5,895 
 
 1,600 
 
 4,200 
 
 20,380 
 
 93,839 
 
 184,991 
 
 169 
 
 91 
 
 38 
 
 31 
 
 173 
 
 191 
 
 816 
 
 364 
 
 264 
 
 3,380 
 1,820 
 ■760 
 744 
 4,325 
 4,776 
 6,162 
 7,400 
 6,204 
 
 40,722 
 46,226 
 34.307 
 38,157 
 75,364 
 52,274 
 43,467 
 64,585 
 32,994 
 
 68,006 
 
 
 71,005 
 66,677 
 611,864 
 103,236 
 77,366 
 69,116 
 73,690 
 64,110 
 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland .... 
 Prince Edward 
 
 ■ Totals 
 
 143,616 
 
 3,044,397 
 
 23,875 
 
 1,264,923 
 
 13,981 
 
 343,067 
 
 1,637 
 
 , 35,570 
 
 417,086 
 
 618,958 
 
 
 Lennox & Addington . 
 
 9,778 
 
 11,165 
 
 6,127 
 
 ),938 
 
 2,725 
 
 7,000 
 
 11,698 
 
 3.997 
 
 13.204 
 
 22,168 
 
 11,923 
 
 189,498 
 
 206,106 
 
 123,888 
 
 36,136 
 
 60,h76 
 
 124,6"0 
 
 162,261 
 
 70,627 
 
 266,797 
 
 413,433 
 
 306,706, 
 
 1,834 
 1,803 
 4,358 
 1,880 
 1,102 
 
 661 
 1,378 
 
 407 
 1,145 
 
 478 
 1,161 
 
 100,870 
 99,166 
 
 202,342 
 69,000 
 66,120 
 33,050 
 67,766 
 16,280 
 77,288 
 18,920 
 46,040 
 
 2,164 
 1,333 
 6,632 
 1,699 
 2,336 
 
 618 
 2,025 
 
 768 
 3,926 
 1,467 
 6,167 
 
 58,798 
 37,764 
 
 147,840 
 54,366 
 
 ' 70,080 
 17,922 
 44 560 
 13,824 
 
 104,089 
 38,319 
 
 169,282 
 
 91 
 366 
 386 
 120 
 84 
 48 
 592 
 268 
 471 
 397 
 185 
 
 1,426 
 
 11,691 
 
 6,689 
 
 2,400 
 
 3,360 
 
 1,200 
 
 13,024 
 
 7,315 
 
 12,717 
 
 14,954 
 
 3,886 
 
 44,928 
 62,340 
 198,729 
 85,378 
 31,29-^ 
 32,855 
 29,809 
 19,34,^ 
 68,211 
 68,721 
 61,280 
 
 67,841 
 86,029 
 188,101 
 60,496 
 60,067 
 46,011 
 29,809 
 18,184 
 72,761 
 39,147 
 92 533 
 
 Leeds* Grenville — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 101,723 
 
 1,947,918 
 
 16,692 
 
 796,831 
 
 28,016 
 
 746,782 
 
 8,006 
 
 78,661 
 
 642,883 
 
 749,969 
 
 
 
 16,237 
 
 16,472 
 
 1,599 
 
 16,199 
 
 317,696 
 
 321,204 
 
 26,112 
 
 310,049 
 
 460 
 
 525 
 
 131 
 
 4,176 
 
 22,500 
 
 27,663 
 
 6,660 
 
 163,097 
 
 369 
 
 842 
 
 344 
 
 3,576 
 
 3,690 
 18,736 
 
 8,440 
 91,989 
 
 47 
 315 
 
 47 
 184 
 
 940 
 3,160 
 
 940 
 6,620 
 
 39,401 
 
 41,244 
 
 9,467 
 
 66,968 
 
 46,099 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60,507 
 
 974,961 
 
 6,281 
 
 209,710 
 
 6,131 
 
 117,804 
 
 593 
 
 10,660 
 
 166,080 
 
 189,908 
 
 
 
 2,871 
 1,349 
 3,232 
 
 66,986 
 26,832 
 80,800 
 
 195 
 28 
 57 
 
 6,600 
 1,680 
 2,860 
 
 268 
 
 247 
 
 68 
 
 4,902 
 5,658 
 1,325 
 
 38 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 1,236 
 340 
 100 
 
 -20,686 
 10,179 
 9,969 
 
 40; 724 
 
 22 233 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 10,891 
 12,0B,0- 
 
 
 
 7,462 
 
 163,617 
 
 280 
 
 11,030 
 
 668 
 
 11,785 
 
 60 
 
 1,675 
 
 46,174 
 
 
 ThkPkovinoe. 1 Jgg^ 
 
 646,081 
 670,92^ 
 
 14,006,192 
 13,691,607 
 
 167,831 
 174,560 
 
 10,741,391 
 12,935,889 
 
 61,776 
 66,836 
 
 1,530,676 
 1,484,670 
 
 24,651 
 24,878 
 
 496,564 
 692,044 
 
 2,268,091 
 2,193,369 
 
 3,262,155 
 3,044,912 
 
47 
 
 ROOTS, PASTURE AND BUTTER. 
 
 TABLE No. VI.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
 Potatoes, Mangel wurzels. Carrots and Turnips, the area of Pasture in 1885, and the quantity of 
 Butter made in 1884. ' 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk . . 
 Haldimaad . 
 Welland 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Lambton . 
 Huron . . . 
 Bruce — 
 
 Totals . 
 
 Grey . . . 
 Simcoe . 
 
 Totals . 
 
 Middlesex . . 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington , 
 Waterloo ... 
 Dufierin . . 
 
 Totals 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 Prince Edward . . 
 
 Totals 
 
 Lennox & Addington. 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds & Grenville 
 
 Dnndas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Totals . 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough . 
 Haliburton . . . 
 Hastings 
 
 Totals . 
 
 Muskoka .... 
 Parry Sound. 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals 
 
 3,024 
 3,603 
 2,761 
 3,478 
 1,907 
 
 17.346 
 
 Tbjb Pkovincb. 
 
 (1886. 
 11884. 
 
 3,156 
 6,380 
 4,955 
 
 Manoel 
 WURZELS. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 310,666 
 356,885 
 189,688 
 237,651 
 227,772 
 217,430 
 
 1,639,U92 
 
 299,283 
 965.488 
 913,365 
 
 13,491 2,168,126 
 
 7,436 
 6,914 
 
 14,360 
 
 5,862 
 3,361 
 2,382 
 3,970 
 6,164 
 3,033 
 3,621 
 
 1,418,046 
 1,269,894 
 
 270 
 288 
 267 
 163 
 102 
 135 
 
 294 
 
 1,201 
 
 328 
 
 235 
 738 
 
 108,000 
 
 163,541 
 
 125,490 
 
 68,212 
 
 38,760 
 
 60,000 
 
 664,003 
 
 116,666 
 678,40J 
 201,868 
 
 896,9.'i3 
 
 121,417 
 326,831 
 
 2,687,939 
 
 421,344 
 203,640 
 276,674 
 466,475 
 801,620 
 453,685 
 604,138 
 
 28,263 3,127,374 
 
 1,736 
 3,369 
 1,712 
 2,912 
 8,230 
 3.817 
 3,024 
 4,071 
 2,166 
 
 31,016 
 
 3,914 
 7,360 
 2,678 
 2,060 
 2,762 
 2,546 
 1,716 
 6,292 
 3,919 
 3,909 
 
 1,196 
 944 
 396 
 
 1,466 
 786 
 374 
 210 
 
 6,370 
 
 154,294 
 606,36; 
 278,200 
 330,716 
 688,445 
 490,762 
 376,307 
 438,669 
 242,660 
 
 Carrots. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 162 
 
 140 
 
 90 
 
 76 
 
 63 
 
 610 
 
 162 
 406 
 199 
 
 757 
 
 505 
 674 
 
 448,248 
 
 32,819 
 63,840 
 44,646 
 27,975 
 26.080 
 28,860 
 
 218,209 
 
 47,880 
 
 203,812 
 
 92,867 
 
 344,559 
 
 Turnips. 
 
 Acres. Bushels. 
 
 294 
 867 
 253 
 608 
 50 
 92 
 
 1,664 
 
 174 
 6,916 
 6,650 
 
 107,800 
 
 183,600 
 
 89.562 
 
 232,730 
 
 13,333 
 
 41,400 
 
 , 668,326 
 
 Pasture. 
 
 Butter 
 
 HADE, 1884 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 62,457 
 89.292 
 74',e24 
 60,5sl8 
 39,206 
 32,216 
 
 348,323 
 
 221,887 
 213,201 
 
 435,088 
 
 500,406 
 411,924 
 247,500 
 7e3,8J6 
 318,000 
 164,660 
 84,000 
 
 2,490,285 
 
 3,406,194 
 
 40.736 
 
 3,046 
 2, 
 
 648 
 6,529 
 
 11,821 
 
 1, 
 
 628 
 701 
 
 2,718 
 
 169,741 
 168,767 
 
 673,581 
 292,416 
 1,166,118 
 647,826 
 266,250 
 379,776 
 326,404 
 226,612 
 935,935 
 718,157 
 685,689 
 
 202 
 473 
 374 
 370 
 1,635 
 722 
 398 
 489 
 146 
 
 78,107 
 263.0,56 
 176,780 
 
 98,668 
 960,563 
 315,514 
 190,244 
 210,270 
 
 32,860 
 
 2,316,061 
 
 6,107,611 
 
 3?6,837 
 
 383,687 
 
 77,llt< 
 
 864,607 
 
 1,651,143 
 
 160,721 
 120,369 
 122,676 
 
 403,765 
 
 21,091.144 
 27,546,261 
 
 117 
 177 
 113 
 44 
 54 
 63 
 32 
 617 
 115 
 134 
 
 190 
 
 458 
 287 
 206 
 452 
 206 
 263 
 124 
 
 97 
 220 
 
 471 
 460 
 216 
 
 130,966 
 91,318 
 
 104,471 
 
 192.100 
 72,176 
 
 101,903 
 43,400 
 
 736,333 
 
 2,476 
 
 12,900 
 64,935 
 88,600 
 4i',966 
 19,800 
 27,000 
 13,250 
 9,600 
 212.883 
 84,020 
 49,134 
 
 680,938 
 
 151,675 
 
 132,440 
 
 300 
 
 63,338 
 
 6H 
 
 111 
 
 HI 
 
 28 
 
 13 
 
 31 
 
 43 
 
 125 
 
 462 
 
 32,778 
 9.5,823 
 27,950 
 60,199 
 343,463 
 197,820 
 186,760 
 68,680 
 6,800 
 
 3,171 
 12,154 
 
 1,579 
 5,112 
 2,491 
 5,014 
 13,293 
 5,140 
 2,602 
 
 35,131 
 
 47,960 
 2,808,112 
 8,077,216 
 
 6,933,288 
 
 4,096,787 
 1,407,131 
 
 140,784 
 
 5,603,918 
 
 514,896 
 1,906,396 
 1.314,003 
 1,591,945 
 6,389,399 
 1,773,300 
 
 771,460 
 
 13,210,389 
 
 1,019,168 28,625 
 
 180 
 2,134 
 1.607 
 1,160 
 8,009 
 11,767 
 5,355 
 3,277 
 
 12,600 
 
 43,013 
 
 30,626 
 
 7,000 
 
 2,600 
 
 6,200 
 
 8,600 
 
 41,667 
 
 ' 167,092 
 
 22,214 
 
 46,375 
 
 276 
 
 340 
 
 12 
 
 170 
 
 781 
 
 29 
 6 
 26 
 
 16,436 
 18,341 
 
 347,648 
 
 8,023 
 1,800 
 
 7,8' '■ 
 
 vrTms 
 
 7,660,729 
 8,655,184 
 
 9,024 
 10,987 
 
 387,886 
 
 64.643 
 
 1,202,808 
 
 666,905 
 
 328,603 
 
 1,376,534 
 
 4,394,268 
 
 2,606,140 
 
 1,433. 
 
 10;800 
 
 686,410 
 811,471 
 659,216 
 490,144 
 707,981 
 690,379 
 
 3,746,601 
 
 673,043 
 1,492.245 
 1,071,560 
 
 3,236,848 
 
 138,009 1,898,060 
 76,948 1,196,766 
 
 214,967 3,094,828 
 
 182,946 
 103,266 
 34,402 
 89,655 
 93,601 
 37,477 
 34,960 
 
 576,196 
 
 11,973,449 
 
 173 
 
 681 
 
 156 
 
 42 
 
 113 
 238 
 1,464 
 676 
 314 
 
 3,832 
 
 106,251 
 
 100,038 
 
 3,300 
 
 76,500 
 
 286,089 
 
 17,! 
 6,700 
 12,300 
 
 3,673 
 
 1,109 
 
 407 
 
 686 
 
 6,776 
 
 1,143 
 762 
 688 
 
 35,987 
 
 3,462,319 
 4,197,200 
 
 2,433 
 
 102,303 
 104,199 
 
 51,900 
 207,090 
 76,701 
 12,600 
 23,250 
 9,600 
 66,600 
 83,300 
 619,720 
 199,981] 
 180,834 
 
 1,371,476 
 
 30,464 
 43,905 
 39,215 
 
 66,059 
 70,475 
 41,021 
 
 453,066 
 
 1,259,368 
 616,022 
 618,122 
 920,638 
 
 1,161,324 
 724,992 
 476,425 
 
 6,676,886 
 
 671,196 
 719,039 
 493,920 
 691,249 
 1,380,029 
 861,719 
 690,882 
 660 390 
 342,412 
 
 6,396,841 
 
 1,122,506 
 363,198 
 88,186 
 217,668 
 
 1,791,547 
 
 315,879 
 222,4£4 
 117,000 
 
 685,343 
 
 41,187,736 
 44,406,363 
 
 67,812 
 74,306l 
 168,109 
 43,824 
 39,609 
 46,676 
 42,499 
 22,793 
 82,294 
 69,711 
 107,631 
 
 766,263 
 
 49,735 
 
 56,785 
 
 6,494 
 
 97,240 
 
 208,264 
 
 9,344 
 3,809 
 3,986 
 
 446,332 
 617,045 
 
 1 094,861 
 '970,482 
 621.159 
 307,993 
 317,871 
 347,108 
 
 1,022,993 
 866,082 
 807,429 
 
 7,308,345 
 
 691,392 
 543,649 
 139,970 
 661,876 
 
 1,936,887 
 
 260,786 
 110,041 
 130,684 
 
 17,199 
 
 2,911.199 31,887,745 
 2,794,986 32,814,26? 
 
48 
 
 AVERAGE PRODUCTION. 
 
 TABLE No. VII. — Showing by County MunicipalitieB and groups of Counties the average produce per 
 
 acre in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 
 ¥ 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 < 
 
 t 
 
 g.3 
 o — 
 O 
 
 g 
 
 d 
 
 9^ 
 
 5^ 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 »i 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 Essex 
 
 Bush 
 24. 
 
 25. 
 22. 
 23.. 
 25. ( 
 21. C 
 
 Bush 
 t 14.- 
 5 16.f 
 J 14 
 > 16.i 
 13. f 
 
 n.t 
 
 Bush 
 
 27.S 
 > 28.! 
 29.^ 
 291 
 28. i 
 25.5 
 
 Bush 
 
 39, 
 41.: 
 
 38. i 
 37.£ 
 36. S 
 32. t 
 
 Bush 
 
 r 21.! 
 
 30. ( 
 13. t 
 16.S 
 16.1 
 18.7 
 
 Bush 
 
 18.1 
 21.'- 
 22 S 
 20.6 
 19.6 
 17.3 
 
 Bush 
 
 71.! 
 66. f 
 74.( 
 68. i 
 62. S 
 62. £ 
 
 Bush 
 
 i 32.. 
 23.' 
 20.( 
 
 21.: 
 
 14. i: 
 23. £ 
 
 Bush 
 
 32. 
 ' 18. 
 23.( 
 15.' 
 16. C 
 13.S 
 
 Tons. Bush Bush. Bush 
 
 ) 1.78 102.7 400.0 368.' 
 - 1.70 101.9 667.8 420 ( 
 
 ) 1.61 68.9 470-0 818.S 
 1.39 68.3 445.8 3I0.S 
 1.47 119.4 SoO.O 330.C 
 1.46 81.0 444.4 378.6 
 
 Bush. 
 
 306.7 
 600.0 
 354.0 
 382.8 
 266,7 
 460.0 
 
 Kent ^ 
 
 Elsrin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 
 Welland i 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 24. ( 
 
 14. C 
 
 28.3 
 
 38.2 
 
 16.8 
 
 20.4 
 
 69.6 
 
 22.6 
 
 19.6 
 
 1.67 
 
 88.8 
 
 464.2 
 
 367.7 
 
 401.6 
 
 Lanibton 
 
 28.S 
 25. t 
 22.4 
 
 J4.e 
 
 8. J 
 H.2 
 
 30.5 
 28.2 
 28.0 
 
 38.6 
 37.7 
 37.0 
 
 17.3 
 15.0 
 26.0 
 
 22.6 
 26.8 
 21.6 
 
 64.9 
 81.7 
 87.6 
 
 23.0 
 21.2 
 17.0 
 
 21.3 
 
 26.6 
 22.0 
 
 1.69 
 1.66 
 1.21 
 
 94.8' 396.8 
 
 316.0 
 502.0 
 466.7 
 
 276.6 
 406.1 
 544.6 
 
 
 184.3 
 
 615.4 
 
 
 
 26.2 
 
 10.3 
 
 28.S 
 
 37.7 
 
 17.8 
 
 24.8 
 
 67 7 
 
 21.2 
 
 22.0 
 
 1.47 
 
 160.7 
 
 490.9 
 
 456.2 
 
 465.8 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 19.6 
 25.2 
 
 8.7 
 96 
 
 24.3 
 26.6 
 
 25.4 
 
 32.8 
 33.1 
 
 226 
 20.0 
 
 22.2 
 21.2 
 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 
 20 
 20.0 
 
 16.0 
 20.0 
 
 1.13 
 1.14 
 
 190.7 
 183.7 
 
 616.7 
 442.9 
 
 4^4 
 371.4 
 
 403.2 
 
 466.1 
 443.7 
 
 
 
 
 23.e 
 
 9.1 
 
 33.0 
 
 20.6 
 
 21.8 
 
 62.8 
 
 20.0 
 
 17.1 
 
 1.13 
 
 187.3 
 
 460.7 
 
 462.8 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 23.6 
 24.4 
 21.1 
 27.5 
 23.7 
 26.1 
 21.8 
 
 12.4 
 11.8 
 9.6 
 6.9 
 8.1 
 8.7 
 9.2 
 
 27.6 
 30.3 
 32.1 
 28.7 
 28.1 
 31.8 
 28.6 
 
 37.7 
 38.6 
 36.4 
 39.3 
 37.2 
 39.2 
 37.9 
 
 20.0 
 16.0 
 14.2 
 17.0 
 16.0 
 17.3 
 10.0 
 
 21.4 
 24.8 
 21.7 
 26.1 
 24.1 
 25.6 
 21.9 
 
 70.1 
 66.0 
 68.8 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 53.8 
 70.0 
 
 21.0 
 20.0 
 22.2 
 23.0 
 22.0 
 20.0 
 20 
 
 19.6 
 25.0 
 15.2 
 20 
 16.0 
 20.0 
 20:0 
 
 1.68 
 1.68 
 1.60 
 1.67 
 1.64 
 1.47 
 , 1.37 
 
 72.0 
 60.8 
 116.1 
 117.5 
 130.3 
 149. b 
 143.2 
 
 418.7 
 436.4 
 626.0 
 621.4 
 404.6 
 440.0 
 400.0 
 
 286.0 
 318.2 
 607.1 
 425.0 
 362.1 
 402.8 
 360.0 
 
 32ij.l 
 372.7 
 627.5 
 317.5 
 401.7 
 346.0 
 308.3 
 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 
 
 242 
 
 9.6 
 
 29.6 
 
 38.1 
 
 16 1 
 
 23. S 
 
 67.6 
 
 21.1 
 
 19.1 
 
 1.69 
 
 110.7 
 
 463.7 
 
 .370.9 
 
 376.0 
 
 
 
 25.8 
 26 4 
 26.2 
 30.7 
 2B.9 
 26.1 
 V3.4 
 24.3 
 21.2 
 
 12.6 
 13 4 
 9.8 
 12.7 
 11.7 
 10.8 
 10.6 
 9.7 
 9.7 
 
 28.4 
 3i.O 
 31.3 
 33.6 
 30.8 
 27.4 
 28.1 
 27.2 
 21.8 
 
 37 6 
 40.2 
 39.4 
 40.0 
 38.2 
 36.0 
 34.5 
 30.9 
 27.1 
 
 18.4 
 17.3 
 17.6 
 17.6 
 16.0 
 16.4 
 12.6 
 14.4 
 16 4 
 
 .19..0 
 23.0 
 21.7 
 21.7 
 21.4 
 21.6 
 20.6 
 17.8 
 24.8 
 
 68.3 
 72.0 
 66.7 
 70.0 
 80 
 40.0 
 4J.7 
 37.0 
 33.6 
 
 21.7 
 260 
 
 la.o 
 
 22.6 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 20 8 
 28 6 
 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 24.0 
 26.0 
 26.0 
 19.5 
 20.3 
 28.5 
 
 1.67 
 1.57 
 1.6z 
 1.49 
 1.31 
 1.48 
 1.36 
 1.36 
 1.64 
 
 88.9 
 160.4 
 162.6 
 113.6 
 
 71.6 
 128.6 
 124.4 
 107.7 
 112,6 
 
 886 7 
 635.0 
 470.0 
 266.7 
 687.6 
 437 
 478.0 
 430 
 225.0 
 
 337.9 
 436 6 
 329.0 
 233.3 
 637.6 
 420.0 
 406.0 
 317 
 200.0 
 
 303.6 
 663.6 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel.; 
 
 283. 3 
 467.1 
 i>73.4 
 
 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 437.6 
 300.0 
 
 
 
 
 26.7 
 
 10.8 
 
 28.3 
 
 36.3 
 
 16.2 
 
 21.2 
 
 53.0 
 
 66.0 
 66.0 
 46.4 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 49.2 
 40.0 
 67.5 
 40 
 40.0 
 
 24.5 
 
 21.7 
 
 1.48 
 
 109-8 
 
 481.4 
 
 411.6 
 
 419.8 
 
 
 Lennox and Addingtbn 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 17.0 
 21.1 
 20.3 
 11.7 
 16.7 
 19.7 
 18 
 11.5 
 14.4 
 Its. 4 
 21,4 
 
 12.1 
 15.0 
 19.6 
 20.9 
 20.7 
 18.8 
 14.4 
 18.4 
 17.6 
 16.4 
 
 23.8 
 26.2 
 27.0 
 28.9 
 28.0 
 26.0 
 20.8 
 24.0 
 30.9 
 2fi.« 
 
 32.1 
 32.0 
 34.9 
 41.9 
 33.2 
 38.8 
 29.9 
 29.6 
 34.6 
 32.5 
 34.2 
 
 13.9 
 17.7 
 16.4 
 19.6 
 10,0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 16.8 
 19.3 
 20.7 
 
 19.4 
 l'i.5 
 20.2 
 18.1 
 1S.7 
 17.8 
 13.9 
 17.7 
 20.1 
 18.6 
 26.6 
 
 27.2 
 28.3 
 26.2 
 34.0 
 30.0 
 29 
 22.0 
 18.0 
 26.6 
 2613 
 25.9 
 
 16.7 
 31.7 
 17.3 
 20,0 
 40.0 
 26.0 
 22.0 
 27.5 
 27.0 
 37.7 
 21.0 
 
 1 51 
 1.38 
 1.73 
 1.71 
 1.60 
 1.37 
 1.00 
 
 .94 
 1.26 
 
 .67 
 1.61 
 
 165.4 
 74.7 
 168.4 
 212.5 
 126.0 
 137.5 
 127.9 
 132.0 
 148.7 
 183.2 
 175 4 
 
 300.0 
 566.0 
 600.0 
 433.3 
 450.0 
 500.0 
 260.0 
 300.0 
 411.7 
 296.8 
 366.7 
 
 22.i.0 
 387.6 
 276.0 
 2.60.(1 
 200.0 
 200.0 
 20O0 
 333.3 
 361.7 
 226.7 
 437.6 
 
 300.0 
 
 Leeds and Grenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 491.7 
 
 
 260.0 
 
 
 
 300.0 
 
 Russell , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lanark 
 
 15.8 .si.nl 
 
 416.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 19.2 
 
 16.9 
 
 26.8 
 
 34.3 
 
 17.6 
 
 19.1 
 
 60.8 
 
 26.7 
 
 26,1 
 
 1.S8 
 
 149.9 
 
 416.3 
 
 3.i7.6 
 
 
 
 
 Victoria 
 
 23 9 
 19.8 
 11.2 
 18.1 
 
 9.7 
 
 8.1 
 
 12.2 
 
 13.9 
 
 . 26.4 
 
 , 23.8 
 
 26.0 
 
 25 8 
 
 30.6 
 31.6 
 23.3 
 
 32 3 
 
 16.2 
 16.2 
 14.4 
 14.6 
 
 19 6 
 19.6 
 16.3 
 19.1 
 
 60.0 
 62.6 
 60.0 
 36.7 
 
 10 
 22.2 
 10.0 
 26.7 
 
 20.0 
 10.0 
 20.0 
 30,0 
 
 1.17 
 1.06 
 1.00 
 138 
 
 126.7 
 128.4 
 119.0 
 1646 
 
 .537.5 
 430.0 
 300.0 
 333.3 
 
 382.7 
 294.2 
 275.0 
 450. u 
 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 
 Hastings 
 
 
 
 
 
 20.6 
 
 10.2 
 
 25.3 
 
 31.3 
 
 14.9 
 
 19.3 
 
 39.7 
 
 23.0 
 
 17 8 
 
 1.22 
 
 139.7 
 
 445.1 
 
 357.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 22.0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 
 13.6 
 18.3 
 16.0 
 
 20.6 
 23.7 
 27.6 
 
 26.4 
 84.7 
 28.7 
 
 15 6 
 17.8 
 16.6 
 
 19.6 
 19.9 
 26.0 
 
 33.8 
 60 
 50.0 
 
 19.0 
 22.6 
 26.0 
 
 21.1 
 
 32.5 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 
 1.08 
 1.07 
 1.21 
 
 115.7 
 191.7 
 176.0 
 
 276.7 
 300 
 300.0 
 
 236.7 
 300.0 
 300.0 
 
 
 
 276.4 
 
 Algoma. 
 
 
 
 
 Averages 
 
 20.6 
 
 16.4 
 
 23.9 
 
 29.6 
 
 16.2 
 
 22.0 
 
 39.4 
 
 27.9 
 
 1.11 
 
 148.6 
 
 288.9 
 
 264.6 
 
 3'i3.7 
 382.0 
 
 
 
 
 The Province.... IJ^^^ 
 
 24.6 
 24.0 
 
 11.4 
 20.2 
 
 27 7 
 27.3 
 
 36.8 
 S8.9 
 
 16.2 
 15.9 
 
 21.7 
 24.0 
 
 64.0 
 74.1 
 
 24.8 
 22.5 
 
 20.1 
 23.8 
 
 1.43 
 1.39 
 
 132.0 
 163.2 
 
 466.1 
 471.9 
 
 402.1 
 426.2 
 
49 
 
 HORSES AND CATTLE. 
 
 TABLE No. VIII. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of Horses and 
 
 Cattle in Ontario in the year 1885, 
 
 
 Horses. 
 
 Cattlb. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Working 
 Horses. 
 
 Breeding 
 Mares. 
 
 Unbroken 
 Horses. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Working 
 Oxen. 
 
 Milch 
 Cows. 
 
 Store 
 Cattle.ov'r 
 two years. 
 
 V 
 
 Young 
 
 and other 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 7,468 
 
 9,T71 
 7,661 
 6,689 
 5,476 
 4,980 
 
 2,710 
 2,864 
 2,098 
 1,748 
 1,850 
 1,260 
 
 3,939 
 4,649 
 3,926 
 3,064 
 3,069 
 2,322 
 
 14,112 
 17,184 
 13,676 
 11,491 
 10,394 
 8,662 
 
 208 
 129 
 281 
 617 
 187 
 203 
 
 11,634 
 18,483 
 16,260 
 14,598 
 12,143 
 8,291 
 
 6,868 
 12,662 
 12,188 
 6,167 
 4,802 
 3,849 
 
 16,149 
 26,435 
 20,026 
 15,384 
 15,494 
 9,206 
 
 33,859 
 66,699 
 48,744 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 WeRand 
 
 * 36,666 
 32,626 
 21,648 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 42,029 
 
 12,520 
 
 20,869 
 
 75,408 
 
 1,625 
 
 81,399 
 
 46,526 
 
 100,692 
 
 280,142 
 
 
 
 
 7,668 
 
 13,201 
 
 9,916 
 
 1,990 
 5,338 
 3,296 
 
 3,669 
 7,939 
 5,374 
 
 13,127 
 26,478 
 18,684 
 
 34 
 
 458 
 
 1,016 
 
 16,398 
 31,368 
 26,476 
 
 13,416 
 25,508 
 16,643 
 
 26,778 
 49,746 
 38,469 
 
 56,626 
 
 
 107,070 
 
 
 81,604 
 
 
 
 Totals . 
 
 30,684 
 
 10,623 
 
 16,882 
 
 68,189 
 
 1,608 
 
 73,232 
 
 65,667 
 
 113,993 
 
 244,300 
 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 13,198 
 12,730 
 
 4,001 
 4,047 
 
 6,203 
 6,875 
 
 23,402 
 22,652 
 
 2,266 
 942 
 
 82,448 
 23,907 
 
 21,776 
 16,544 
 
 49.126 
 32,066 
 
 105,615 
 73,458 
 
 Totals 
 
 26,928 
 
 8,048 
 
 12,078 
 
 ie.OSi 
 
 3,208 
 
 66,365 
 
 38,319 
 
 81,191 
 
 179,073 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 14,175 
 9,491 
 6,190 
 10,011 
 11,198 
 7,018 
 4,730 
 
 4,633 
 2,972 
 1,341 
 3,311 
 3,777 
 2,172 
 1,622 
 
 7,843 
 4,686 
 2,293 
 4,684 
 5,298 
 2,876 
 2,160 
 
 26,661 
 17,149 
 
 8,824 
 17,906 
 20,273 
 12,066 
 
 8,402 
 
 87 
 151 
 
 46 
 140 
 482 
 
 71 
 319 
 
 34,106 
 31,656 
 10,164 
 26,764 
 25,462 
 13,580 
 9,871 
 
 30,661 
 13,860 
 4,898 
 17,078 
 16,616 
 6,252 
 7,376 
 
 48,429 
 26,315 
 12,216 
 36,609 
 35,995 
 18,089 
 13,842 
 
 113,183 
 
 
 71,871 
 
 
 27,307 
 
 Perth 
 
 79,491 
 
 
 78,665 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Duflerin 
 
 36,992 
 31,408 
 
 Totals 
 
 61,813 
 
 19,728 
 
 29,730 
 
 111,271 
 
 1,296 
 
 151,492 
 
 95,626 
 
 190,394 
 
 438,807 
 
 
 5,010 
 6,899 
 4,790 
 6,620 
 12,618 
 9,606 
 8,036 
 9,236 
 6,992 
 
 1,210 
 1,828 
 1,310 
 1,988 
 4,826 
 3,627 
 2,291 
 2,268 
 1,443 
 
 ,2.084 
 2,971 
 2,026 
 2,870 
 6,816 
 5,015 
 3,828 
 4,417 
 2,666 
 
 8,304 
 11,698 
 
 8,125 
 11,378 
 24,269 
 18,148 
 14,164 
 16,911 
 10,101 
 
 172 
 176 
 246 
 
 53 
 180 
 
 Bl 
 
 91 
 254 
 
 62 
 
 8,913 
 14,321 
 
 9,767 
 11,718 
 21,622 
 16,085 
 12,063 
 19,760 
 
 9,464 
 
 2,738 
 4,679 
 6,301 
 6,345 
 8,930 
 10,513 
 7,526 
 6,248 
 1,916 
 
 9,371 
 13,572 
 13,176 
 13,212 
 20,347 
 23,368 
 16,896 
 18,641 
 
 7,699 
 
 21,194 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 
 Halton 
 
 
 Peel 
 
 York.... 
 
 61,029 
 60,007 
 36,674 
 44,893 
 19,041 
 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Totals 
 
 68,606 
 
 20,781 
 
 32,691 
 
 122,078 
 
 1,234 
 
 123,703 
 
 65,196 
 
 136,170 
 
 316,302 
 
 Lennox & Addington . . 
 Frontenac 
 
 5,966 
 6,013 
 10,002 
 4,300 
 3,660 
 4,449 
 3,648 
 2,167 
 7,010 
 6,899 
 6,902 
 
 1,482 
 1,294 
 2,455 
 1,248 
 1,160 
 1,690 
 1,397 
 1,012 
 2,462 
 1,638 
 1,537 
 
 2,422 
 2,484 
 4,883 
 2,143 
 1,889 
 2,164 
 1,994 
 1,370 
 3,330 
 2,683 
 2,405 
 
 9,870 
 
 8,791 
 
 17,340 
 
 7,691 
 
 6,609 
 
 8,293 
 
 7,039 
 
 4,639 
 
 12,802 
 
 10,120 
 
 9,844 
 
 630 
 
 439 
 
 133 
 
 28 
 
 11 
 
 38 
 
 \ 29 
 
 84 
 
 37 
 
 166 
 
 174 
 
 13,998 
 14,260 
 45,107 
 16,820 
 14,719 
 18,037 
 12,063 
 7,908 
 19,398 
 16,488 
 18,299 
 
 6,422 
 4,104 
 6,145 
 1,995 
 2,803 
 .3,483 
 3,018 
 2,059 
 7,783 
 9,124 
 8,038 
 
 12,340 
 
 11,889 
 
 24.604 
 
 9,611 
 
 9,126 
 
 10,967 
 
 8,793 
 
 6,713 
 
 17,968 
 
 18,938 
 
 17,472 
 
 32,290 
 80,682 
 76,989 
 28,460 
 26,669 
 32,526 
 23,893 
 16,764 
 45,176 
 44,666 
 43 983 
 
 Leeds & Grenville 
 
 Dundafi 
 
 
 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 67,906 
 
 17,376 
 
 27,667 
 
 102,938 
 
 1,668 
 
 197,033 
 
 53,974 
 
 148,411 
 
 401,086 
 
 Victoria 
 
 6,746 
 
 6,119 
 
 627 
 
 9,023 
 
 2,084 
 
 1,604 
 
 97 
 
 2,313 
 
 8,419 
 
 2,684 
 
 162 
 
 4,280 
 
 12,249 
 
 10,307 
 
 876 
 
 16,616 
 
 370 
 
 640 
 
 380 
 
 1,229 
 
 13,882 
 14,298 
 2,148 
 28,967 
 
 9,322 
 6,660 
 1,022 
 7,189 
 
 17,636 
 
 15,242 
 
 2,949 
 
 18,704 
 
 40,710 
 
 36,640 
 
 6,499 
 
 56 089 
 
 
 Saliburton 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 22,616 
 
 6,098 
 
 10,435 
 
 39,048 
 
 1,893 
 
 863 
 
 1,067 
 
 2,619 
 
 68,796 
 
 24,093 
 
 54,631 
 
 139,938 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 1,111 
 
 467 
 638 
 
 342 
 180 
 268 
 
 440 
 226 
 261 
 
 1,070 
 529 
 746 
 
 4,180 
 1,767 
 2,049 
 
 2,202 
 1,182 
 1,222 
 
 6,199 
 2,703 
 3,033 
 
 13,661 
 6 131 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 7'060 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,106 
 
 790 
 
 927 
 
 3,823 
 
 2,345 
 
 7,996 
 
 4,666 
 
 11,935 
 
 26,832 
 
 This Provincb. . . i J|g^' 
 
 3X1,687 
 303,474 
 
 96,963 
 93,910 ' 
 
 161,269 
 138,669 
 
 668,809 
 636,963 
 
 16,302 
 16,793 
 
 750,005 ■ 
 710,619 
 
 373,856 
 384,463 
 
 837,317 
 813,906 
 
 1,976,480 
 1,926,670 
 
 B.L — 4 
 
50 
 
 SHEEP, PIGS AND POULTRY. 
 
 TABLE No. IX. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of Sheep, Pig» 
 
 and Poultry in Ontario in the year 1885. 
 
 
 Shbxp. 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 i 
 
 PoniiTRT. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Coarse-wooUed. 
 
 Fine-woolled. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Over 
 1 lyear. 
 
 12,009 
 9,411 
 5,476 
 4,938 
 3,881 
 2,079 
 
 37,793 
 
 Under 
 1 year. 
 
 Totals, 
 
 Turkeys 
 
 Geese. 
 
 Other 
 Fowls. 
 
 
 Over 
 1 year. 
 
 Under 
 1 year. 
 
 Over 
 1 year. 
 
 Under 
 1 year. 
 
 
 ,12,651 
 19,473 
 17,648 
 13,272 
 15,491 
 11,110 
 
 7,410 
 11,209 
 11,801 
 
 8,549 
 10,100 
 
 6,179 
 
 3,041 
 3,498 
 3,199 
 4,268 
 4,002 
 6,187 
 
 2,777 
 2,626 
 2,306 
 2,796 
 3.216 
 4,119 
 
 25,879 
 36,706 
 34,854 
 28,875 
 32,809 
 27,695 
 
 32,052 
 33,104 
 20,976 
 17,443 
 12,977 
 8,668 
 
 44,061 
 42,616 
 26,460 
 22,381 
 16,858 
 10,737 
 
 12,162 
 15,016 
 11,108 
 
 8,763 
 10,045 
 
 8,282 
 
 16,522 
 13,166 
 8,617 
 6,939 
 6,995 
 4,684 
 
 177,733 
 
 Kent 
 
 186,729 
 . 137,831 
 
 TSTnrfolk 
 
 127,448 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 WelUnd 
 
 101,187 
 90 760 
 
 Totals 
 
 89,545 
 
 55,248 
 
 24,185 
 
 17,740 
 
 186,718 
 
 ;25.209 
 
 163,002 
 
 66,376 
 
 56,823 
 
 821,678 
 
 
 22,384 
 46,165 
 44,668 
 
 14,762 
 28,987 
 27,163 
 
 2,667 
 6,068 
 6,931 
 
 1,623 
 4,467 
 4,438 
 
 41,316 
 86,677 
 83,190 
 
 210,183 
 
 4,280 
 8,291 
 6,904 
 
 19,475 
 
 12,664 
 20,384 
 17,186 
 
 16,944 
 28,676 
 24,090 
 
 8,603 
 
 10,987 
 
 6,289 
 
 9,367 
 24,936 
 16,072 
 
 120,062 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 • 278,732 
 180,357 
 
 
 113,197 
 
 70,902 
 
 15,666 
 
 10,428 
 
 60,234 
 
 69,709 
 
 25,879 
 
 60,425 
 
 579,151 
 
 
 
 
 70,456 
 45,892 
 
 39,701 
 25,476 
 
 7,376 
 7,839 
 
 4,898 
 6,675 
 
 122,431 
 84,882 
 
 9,148 
 12,927 
 
 26,127 
 29,561 
 
 35,275 
 42,488 
 
 16,936 
 17,796 
 
 25,019 
 26,770 
 
 231,588 
 
 
 208,378 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 116,348 
 
 66,177 
 
 15,215 
 
 10,573 
 
 207,313 
 
 22,075 
 
 56,688 
 
 27,677 
 20,176 
 ■ 10,482 
 16,841 
 23,672 
 11,933 
 10,893 
 
 77,763 
 
 ' 35,147 
 26,868 
 13,223 
 21,133 
 29,947 
 16,507 
 14,952 
 
 33,732 
 
 24,664 
 11 046 
 6,611 
 7,731 
 12,899 
 3,703 
 9,504 
 
 60,789 
 
 439,906 
 
 
 
 
 32,211 
 16,681 
 12,361 
 29,784 
 43,900 
 19,571 
 20,097 
 
 21,462 
 10,170 
 8,579 
 20,980 
 27,896 
 11,831 
 13,283 
 
 4,916 
 4,742 
 3,479 
 3,298 
 8,610 
 6,894 
 1,678 
 
 2,879 
 3,652 
 2,314 
 2,16? 
 7,006 
 3,426 
 1,324 
 
 61,468 
 34,145 
 26,763 
 66,217 
 87,412 
 40,722 
 36,282 
 
 7,570 
 5,682 
 2,741 
 6,292 
 6,275 
 3,5T4 
 4,069 
 
 21,611 
 8,857 
 4,704 
 
 17,991 
 
 20,311 
 6,094 
 
 12,645 
 
 276,226 
 
 Oxford 
 
 167,626 
 78,272 
 
 
 206,021 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 193,163 
 110,450 
 80,320 
 
 Totals. ...i ... 
 
 173,606 
 
 114,201 
 
 32,517 
 
 22,686 
 
 343,009 
 
 85,193 
 
 120,674 
 
 155,767 
 
 74,068 
 
 92,013 
 
 1,117,066 
 
 
 7,609 
 12,195 
 10,613 
 14,477 
 24,233 
 20,441 
 19,453 
 21,866 
 
 7,624 
 
 4,946 
 7,820 
 6,867 
 «,371 
 12,435 
 12,198 
 10,749 
 13,383 
 4,411 
 
 3,219 
 3,208 
 2,163 
 2,179 
 8,392 
 7,827 
 2,399 
 1,927 
 2,319 
 
 2,467 
 2,426 
 1,661 
 1,649 
 6,811 
 5,3-22 
 1,737 
 1,619 
 1,276 
 
 18,241 
 26,648 
 21,099 
 26,67« 
 61,871 
 46,788 
 34,338 
 38,785 
 16 629 
 
 3,369 
 2,664 
 2,086 
 4,294 
 6,183 
 6,322 
 6i013 
 6,764 
 3,137 
 
 9,810 
 13,254 
 
 9,517 
 16,672 
 28,667 
 18,572 
 12,68,'! 
 , 13,352 
 
 3,794 
 
 13,179 
 15,908 
 11,603 
 19.866 
 34,860 
 24,894 
 17,596 
 19,106 
 6,931 
 
 7,422 
 8,063 
 6,195 
 17,374 
 17,618 
 11,741 
 13,327 
 9.329 
 2,613 
 
 3,902 
 
 6,818 
 
 8,368 
 
 16,162 
 
 19,593 
 
 11,985 
 
 15,757 
 
 12,209 
 
 4,469 
 
 84,438 
 
 Wentworth ...... .. 
 
 Halton 
 
 96,027 
 70,163 
 
 
 110,868 
 
 
 187,894 
 
 
 149,791 
 
 
 120,313 
 
 Northumberland .. 
 Prince Edward 
 
 134,404 
 88,869 
 
 Totals 
 
 138,301 
 
 81,170 
 
 33,638 
 
 24,866 
 
 277,976 
 
 38,812 
 
 125,121 
 
 163,933 
 
 93,682 
 
 99,263 
 
 1,041,766 
 
 Lennox&Addington 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds & Gren?ille . 
 
 13,650 
 16.801 
 33,267 
 10,616 
 
 8,623 
 14,105 
 11,441 
 
 7,241 
 21,346 
 32,373 
 34,499 
 
 9,320 
 11,250 
 20,761 
 6,113 
 4,718 
 6,076 
 7,1T1 
 3,916 
 12,969 
 16,358 
 20,186 
 
 2,627 
 3,168 
 7,586 
 1,9.97 
 2,252 
 3;435 
 2,321 
 1,764 
 6,622 
 6,686 
 13,226 
 
 1,673 
 2,981 
 5,063 
 1,378 
 
 871 
 2,100 
 
 907 
 1,173 
 4,098 
 3,061 
 2,168 
 
 27,070 
 34,1«0 
 66,677 
 20,104 
 16,464 
 26,716 
 21,840 
 14,094 
 44,035 
 67,4^7 
 00,078 
 
 2,858 
 2,895 
 7,767 
 3,596 
 2,592 
 3,934 
 4.319 
 2,686 
 6,640 
 8,483 
 6,022 
 
 60,791 
 
 6,857 
 5,334 
 
 12,919 
 6,004 
 4,626 
 5,660 
 6,811 
 4,678 
 
 13,203 
 8,694 
 8,788 
 
 8,716 
 
 8,229 
 
 20,686 
 
 9,600 
 
 7,217 
 
 9,484 
 
 10,130, 
 
 7,363 
 
 19,843 
 
 17,077 
 
 13,810 
 
 2,874 
 7,391 
 
 29,215 
 5,181 
 2,168 
 2,415 
 6,681 
 6,740 
 
 22,344 
 8,694 
 
 19,669 
 
 6,666 
 
 7,442 
 
 15,664 
 
 6,769 
 
 3,602 
 
 6,302 
 
 3,330 
 
 3,485 
 
 16,775 
 
 10,110 
 
 9,928 
 
 79,455 
 
 71,456' 
 179,797 
 108,281 
 
 
 77,562 
 
 
 76,433 
 68,070 
 
 
 
 45,136 
 
 
 144,691 
 
 
 84,201 
 
 
 123,676 
 
 
 
 Totals ...'... 
 
 203,862 
 
 118,838 
 
 39,632 
 
 25,453 
 
 387,686 
 
 81,363 
 
 132,164 
 
 111,2^2 
 
 37,972 
 
 1,048,667 
 
 
 
 19,106 
 
 17,981 
 
 3,034 
 
 23,756 
 
 11,518 
 
 10,169 
 
 1,666 
 
 13,662 
 
 4,337 
 2,106 
 1,661 
 6,124 
 
 3,663 
 
 1,625 
 
 911 
 
 3,309 
 
 38,624 
 
 31,881 
 
 7,262 
 
 45,861 
 
 6,198 
 
 5,040 
 
 647 
 
 , 6,701 
 
 11,037 
 
 9,409 
 
 967 
 
 11,629 
 
 17,236 
 
 14,449 
 
 1,604 
 
 18,230 
 
 4,648 
 
 9,343 
 
 637 
 
 4,989 
 
 11,304 
 
 11,942 
 
 l,14i 
 
 11,073 
 
 98,484 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 98,706 
 
 11,518 
 
 126,584 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 63,877 
 
 37,016 
 
 13,218 
 
 9,508 
 
 123,618 
 
 18,486 
 
 32,932 
 
 51,418 
 
 19,617 
 
 36,463 
 
 335,292 
 
 
 
 5,085 
 1,998 
 2,944 
 
 2,739 
 1,120 
 1,542 
 
 1,569 
 632 
 186 
 
 921 
 302 
 166 
 
 10,314 
 3,962 
 4,838 
 
 1,094 
 
 676 
 
 1,217 
 
 1,9,J8 
 1,232 
 2,439 
 
 3,062 
 1,808 
 3,656 
 
 1,618 
 
 486 
 
 1,813 
 
 1,601 
 
 638 
 
 3,065 
 
 21,226 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 10.542 
 16,358 
 
 Totals 
 
 10,027 
 
 6,401 
 
 2,287 
 
 1,389 
 
 19,104 
 
 2,887 
 
 6,629 
 
 8,616 
 
 3,917 
 
 6,204 
 
 48,125 
 
 
 Thb Pro-( 1885... 
 
 VTMOE X 1884... 
 
 908,762 
 994,608 
 
 647,952 
 595,996 
 
 176,248 
 176,341 
 
 122,643 
 123,788 
 
 1,766,605 
 1,890,733 
 
 225,612 
 267,711 
 
 596,750 
 658,447 
 
 822,262 
 916,168 
 
 428,233 
 446,632 
 
 476,942 
 640,130 
 
 5,431,630 
 5,261,944 
 
51 
 
 WOOL, RENT AND WAGES. 
 
 TABLE No. X. — Showing by Coufaty Municipalities and groups of Counties the clip of coarse and fine 
 Wools ; the Rent of Farm Land per acre, -and the average Wages of Farm and Domestic Servants for 
 the year 1885. 
 
 
 Wool. 
 
 li 
 
 3£ 
 
 WaSBS. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 Farm Hands. 
 
 
 
 
 Coarsd-woolled. 
 
 Flne-woolled. 
 
 1 
 Total Clip. 
 
 Domestics. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Rent 
 per 
 Acre. 
 
 $c. 
 
 2 92 
 
 3 46 
 2 96 
 2 61 
 2 38 
 2 76 
 
 2 90 
 
 Per Year. 1 
 
 Per Month. 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Fleeces. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 rieeces. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 
 
 With 
 Board 
 
 Without 
 Board. 
 
 With 
 Board 
 
 Without 
 Board. 
 
 Board. 
 
 
 12,432 
 19,869 
 17,326 
 13.371 
 16; 609 
 11,106 
 
 69,290 
 118,168 
 99,,396 
 7a,973 
 97,099 
 60,930 
 
 -3,087 
 8,480 
 8,107 
 4,407 
 4,006 
 6,074 
 
 16,268 
 16,780 
 16,162 
 22,058 
 20,669 
 26,676 
 
 85,558 
 134,948 
 116,548 
 
 94,031 
 117,758 
 
 87,606 
 
 $ 
 153 
 165 
 167 
 160 
 162 
 147 
 
 167 
 
 $ 
 
 242 
 261 
 263 
 227 
 241 
 247 
 
 $ c. 
 
 16 86 
 
 17 53 
 17 74 
 
 15 47 
 
 16 82 
 16 61 
 
 1$ 0. 
 26 03 
 26 63 
 26 19 
 24 61 
 26 61 
 26 64 
 
 Sc. 
 1 61 
 
 Kent 
 
 1 49 
 
 Elgin' 
 
 1 63 
 
 Noi-folk 
 
 Haldiraand 
 
 1 29 
 1 39 
 
 1 41- 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 89,613 
 
 516,856 
 
 24,161 
 
 llS,b93 
 
 14,492 
 33,207 
 38,349 
 
 636,449 
 
 147,766 
 301,663 
 294,646 
 
 246 
 
 16 96 
 
 26 07 
 
 1 44 
 
 
 
 
 22,595 
 47,064 
 46,027 
 
 133,264 
 268,456 
 256,297 
 
 2,782 
 6,273 
 7,050 
 
 2 66 
 2 89 
 2 41 
 
 164 
 162 
 163 
 
 271 
 262 
 257 
 
 17 82 
 17 69 
 17 76 
 
 28 02 
 
 27 85 
 
 28 05 
 
 1 49 
 
 
 1 48 
 
 
 1 42 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 114,686 
 
 658,017 
 
 16,105 
 
 86,048 
 
 744,065 
 
 2 68 
 
 163 
 
 263 
 
 17 68 
 
 17 09 
 
 18 02 
 
 27 96 
 
 1 46 
 
 
 
 
 71,271 
 46,468 
 
 397,703 
 272,004 
 
 7,604 
 7,966 
 
 38,678 
 41,622 
 
 436,381 
 813,086 
 
 2 01 
 2 79 
 
 2 32 
 
 3 13 
 3 26 
 3 26 
 2 86 
 
 2 50 
 
 3 06 
 2 27 
 
 2 92 
 
 3 29 
 3 48 
 3 01 
 3 27 
 3 69 
 3 61 
 3 42 
 2 84 
 2 99 
 
 154 
 166 
 
 252 
 213 
 
 257 
 
 27 29 
 
 28 43 
 
 1 42 
 
 
 1 66 
 
 
 
 
 117,729 
 
 669,767 
 
 18,659 
 
 80,800 
 
 750,067 
 
 223,680 
 118,760 
 96,119 
 192,72 5 
 308,846 
 188,478 
 120,681 
 
 159 
 
 17 52 
 
 27 82 
 
 1 48 
 
 
 
 
 32,740 
 16,061 
 12,389 
 30,657 
 44,830 
 19,8^7 
 20,491 
 
 196,271 
 93,305 
 74,654 
 178,872 
 286,439 
 108,707 
 112,058 
 
 6,010 
 4,829 
 8,866 
 3,482 
 8 665 
 6,929 
 1,678 
 
 28,369 
 26,446 
 20,466 
 18,851 
 43,407 
 29,771 
 8,628 
 
 159 
 164 
 156 
 162 
 160 
 162 
 164 
 
 266 
 268 
 239 
 256 
 268 
 254 
 256 
 
 17 41 
 
 17 18 
 
 16 36 
 
 18 24 
 
 17 29 
 
 16 85 
 
 17 33 
 
 27 94 
 
 27 68 
 25 49 
 
 28 56 
 
 27 48 
 
 28 07 
 27 92 
 
 1 66 
 1 66 
 1 54 
 1 63 
 
 Wellington 
 
 1 61 
 1 46 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 1 48 
 
 Totals 
 
 176,896 
 
 1,023,306 
 
 38,348 
 
 174,821 
 
 1,198,127 
 
 159 
 
 264, 
 
 17 31 
 
 27 71 
 
 1 52 
 
 
 7,688 
 12,234 
 10,902 
 14,695 
 24,856 
 20,824 
 19,646 
 22,228 
 
 7,801 
 
 41,616 
 72,929 
 70,756 
 97,717 
 164,200 
 136,443 
 117,647 
 128,268 
 41.471 
 
 3,284 
 3,216 
 2,173 
 2,043 
 8,131 
 8,132 
 2,396 
 2,064 
 2,364 
 
 16,783 
 16,163 
 11,628 
 11,114 
 46,634 
 46,048 
 14,848 
 10,630 
 11,642 
 
 68,898 
 89,092 
 82,384 
 108,831 
 199,834 
 181,491 
 132,496 
 188,8!>8 
 63,113 
 
 155 
 156 
 170 
 166 
 167 
 165 
 163 
 164 
 152 
 
 247 
 248 
 264 
 269 
 265 
 263 
 254 
 242 
 289 
 
 17 14 
 
 17 20 
 
 15 13 
 
 18 20 
 17 77 
 
 16 98 
 16 SO 
 16 87 
 16 76 
 
 26 98 
 
 27 04 
 27 74 
 27 86 
 27 83 
 27 Si 
 27 OS 
 26 76 
 •M SO 
 
 1 44 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 1 64 
 1 66 
 
 Peel 
 
 York. 
 
 1 75 
 1 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 1 47 
 
 Totals 
 
 140,724 
 
 861,086 
 
 33,793 
 
 183,490 
 
 1,044,526 
 
 3 35 
 
 2 62 
 2 18 
 2 07 
 2 66 
 2 26 
 2 08 
 2 40 
 2 08 
 2 82 
 1 95 
 
 1 41 
 
 2 25 
 
 2 74 
 2 13 
 
 1 28 
 
 2 37 
 
 2 37 
 
 162 
 
 151 
 147 
 159 
 160 
 
 le.-i 
 
 148 
 170 
 164 
 167 
 166 
 168 
 
 265 
 
 17 38 
 
 16 16 
 
 16 82 
 
 17 2i 
 17 16 
 
 17 97 
 
 16 81 
 
 18 37 
 
 17 60 
 17 20 
 
 16 74 
 
 17 16 
 
 27 19 
 
 1 57 
 
 Lennox & Addington 
 
 13,832 
 17,444 
 34,033 
 10,825 
 
 8,731 
 14,310 
 11,565 
 
 7,292 
 22,406 
 33,146 
 86,398 
 
 74,699 
 
 91,268 
 
 171,029 
 
 53,674 
 
 43,7'!9 
 
 66,069 
 
 66,622 
 
 35,189 
 
 114,667 
 
 144,012 
 
 172,969 
 
 2,573 
 8,261 
 7,822 
 2,107 
 2,281 
 3,783 
 2,437 
 1,758 
 6,716 
 6,762 
 3,283 
 
 13,091 
 17,008 
 40,022 
 10,166 
 11,613 
 18,388 
 12,651 
 9,196 
 28,721 
 24,894 
 15,860 
 
 87,790 
 108,356 
 211,061 
 63,739 
 66,38a 
 84,447 
 69,173 
 44,336 
 143,288 
 168,906 
 188,319 
 
 232 
 244 
 260 
 233 
 244 
 252 
 263 
 244 
 •267 
 240 
 257 
 
 24 11 
 
 26 36 
 
 27 24 
 
 26 78 
 
 27 66 
 
 25 94 
 27 68 
 27 27 
 27 07 
 
 26 79 
 26 37 
 
 1 47 
 1 57 
 1 56 
 1 74 
 1 60 
 1 46 
 1 39 
 1 42 
 1 68 
 1 32 
 1 63 
 
 Leeds & Grenville.. 
 Dandas 
 
 
 
 Russell 
 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark — 
 
 Totals 
 
 208,982 
 
 1,023,567 
 
 40,783 
 
 201,199 
 
 1,224,766 
 
 158 
 
 248 
 
 17 16 
 
 26 67 
 
 1 52 
 
 Virtoria .... .... 
 
 20,384 
 
 18,081 
 
 3,115 
 
 24,037 
 
 110,726 
 
 100 909 
 
 16,747 
 
 122,897 
 
 4,61ti 
 2,260 
 1,687 
 5,481 
 
 24,764 
 
 10,917 
 
 7,665 
 
 25,089 
 
 136,490 
 111,826 
 23,312 
 147,986 
 
 168 
 166 
 168 
 156 
 
 233 
 256 
 266 
 249 
 
 16-86 
 17 36 
 17 68 
 16 63 
 
 26 81 
 
 27 61 
 27 45 
 26 46 
 
 1 63 
 1 69 
 1 43 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Hastings 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 66,167 
 
 360,279 
 
 13,934 
 
 68,335 
 
 418,614 
 
 160 
 
 169 
 167 
 167 
 
 246 
 
 16 93 
 
 26 39 
 
 1 60 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 6,361 
 2,170 
 2,987 
 
 28,941 
 12,185 
 18,021 
 
 1,606 
 657 
 210 
 
 8,288 
 2,698 
 1,169 
 
 37,179 
 14,883 
 19,190 
 
 1 98 
 
 2 01 
 2 04 
 
 2 01 
 
 T"80 
 2 76 
 
 268 
 265 
 266 
 
 19 14 
 
 17 74 
 
 18 08 
 
 28 63 
 
 28 26 
 
 29 07 
 
 1 64 
 1 49 
 1 40 
 
 Totals 
 
 10,618 
 
 69,147 
 
 2,373 
 
 12,105 
 
 71,262 
 
 161 
 
 267 
 
 18 .65 
 
 28 65 
 
 1 49 
 
 This Province | ^gj^' 
 
 925,314 
 1,008.946 
 
 5,161,976 
 6,597,643 
 
 180,066 
 179,770 
 
 924,891 
 921,276 
 
 6,086,86^ 
 6,618,918 
 
 160 
 167 
 
 253 
 257 
 
 17 32 
 19 44 
 
 27 18 
 29 11 
 
 1 61 
 
 1 51 
 
52 
 
 VALUES. 
 
 TABLE No. XI.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the Value of Farm Property 
 
 in Ontario in the ydar 1885. 
 
 
 Falm Lands. 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 Implements. 
 
 Live,Stock/ 
 
 Total. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 1886. 
 
 1884. 
 
 
 14,672,393 
 28,885,861 
 18,656,202 
 11,873,686 
 9,400,729 
 ' 8,734,633 
 
 s ■ 
 
 3,624,666 
 
 5,497,643 
 
 4,826,997 
 
 3,968,167 
 
 3,247,765 , 
 
 3,230,273 
 
 9 
 
 1,035,294 
 
 1,529,637 
 
 1,243,060 
 
 993,884 
 
 919,194 
 
 763,471 
 
 $ 
 
 2,038,792 
 2,956 426 
 2,619,724 
 1,864,197 
 1,828,265 
 1,368,243 
 
 $ 
 21,366,145 
 33,869,357 
 27,246,983 
 18,699,934 
 16,396,953 
 14,086,620 
 
 $ 
 22,028,291 
 
 Kent. 
 
 33,640,339 
 
 
 27,209,876 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 19,123,814 
 
 
 15,377,607 
 
 "Weliand 
 
 14,626,746 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 87,223,494 
 
 24,396,411 
 
 6,484,440 
 
 12,560,647 
 
 130,663,992 . 
 
 131,906,773 
 
 
 
 19,379,491 
 32,229,201 
 21,739,941 
 
 4,132,852 
 8,238,076 
 6,631,601 
 
 1,145,100 
 2,229,290 
 1,604,651 
 
 2,669,432 
 5,462,992 
 3,833,671 
 
 27,216,876 
 48,219,569 
 32,809,764 
 
 29,033,044 
 
 Huron 
 
 47,129,811 
 
 
 32,679,285 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 73,348,633 
 
 18,062,629 
 
 4,979,041 
 
 11,866,995 
 
 108,246,198 
 
 108,843,0^0 
 
 
 
 
 23,238,823 
 26,629,104 
 
 6,884,299 
 6,770,027 
 
 1,950,365 
 1,932,961 
 
 4,832,130 
 3,978,208 
 
 36,906,607 
 38,310,300 
 
 36,915,065 
 
 
 38,197,075 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 48,887,927 
 
 13,664,326 
 
 3,883,316 
 
 8,510,338 
 
 76,215,907 
 
 74,112,140 
 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford , . 
 
 37,871,309 
 24,681,262 
 10,731,407 
 22,664,292 
 22,122,629 
 14,690,897 
 8,347,180 
 
 9,761,498 
 6,978,391 
 3,646,474 
 6,380,286 
 6,979,667 
 4,920,807 
 2,078,776 
 
 2,459,660 
 1,653,124 
 
 849,332 
 
 1,721,698 
 
 • 1,824,922 
 
 1,173,786 
 
 691,049 
 
 6,797,541 
 
 3,6fil,717 
 
 1,692,372 , 
 
 3,762,301 
 
 4,136,775 
 
 2,169,624 
 
 1,602,720 
 
 66,890,008 
 36,894,494 
 16,819,585 
 34,378,577 
 36,062,893 
 22,965,014 
 12,614,725 
 
 56,169,995 
 36,230,318 
 
 Brant 
 
 16,738,569 
 
 Perth 
 
 34,662,446 
 35 896 325 
 
 
 Waterloo . . 
 
 23,488,474 
 13,821,484 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 140,908,976 
 
 40,690,799 
 
 10,373,671 
 
 22,741,960 
 
 214,616,296 
 
 217,007,610 
 
 
 
 8,771,414 
 13,295,322 
 
 9,166,394 
 12,806,809 
 30,093,101 
 20,913,402 
 16,647,469 
 16,007,906 
 
 9,626,072 
 
 3,244,443 
 4,726,450 
 3,388,872 
 4,292,334 
 8,612,761 
 5,841,178 
 4,723,438 
 6,163,651 
 3,390,062 
 
 806,600 
 1,169,018 
 
 816,949 
 1,042,429 
 1,977,276 
 1,476,943 
 1,200,795 
 1,309,600 
 
 866,832 
 
 1,369,569 
 1,997,193 
 1,623,644 
 2,092,666 
 4,040,028 
 3,466,631 
 2,883,812 
 2,370,721 
 1,221,646 
 
 14,192,016 
 21iI87,983 
 14,965,869 
 20,234,277 
 44,723,166 
 31,697,154 
 24,855,604 
 24,841,877 
 14,992,612 
 
 13,902,637 
 
 
 20,792,011 
 
 Halton . . . 
 
 14,767,311 
 19,772,390 
 
 Peel 
 
 
 42,650,368 
 
 Ontario 
 
 31,421,933 
 
 
 24,187,624 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 24,368,071 
 
 Prince Edward . . . w . . 
 
 16,088,321 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 "137,146,878 
 
 43,323,229 
 
 10,665,442 
 
 20,564,889 
 
 211,690,438 
 
 206,940,666 
 
 
 
 10,163,763 
 9,038,356 
 
 16,542,491 
 8,077,431 
 5,736,642 
 6,399,695 
 6,939,092 
 4,814,488 
 
 14,610,731 , 
 5,701,860 
 7,321,155 
 
 3,110,069 
 2,772,123 
 6,761,511 
 2,433,684 
 1,918,686 
 2,137,276 
 1,818,087 
 1,143,842 
 4,082,648 
 2,191,461 
 2,793,234 
 
 822,760 
 
 1 818,798 
 
 1,419,175 
 
 664,019 
 
 543,448 
 
 680,425 
 
 617,219 
 
 373,197 
 
 1,269,067 
 
 780,366 
 
 816,763 
 
 1,368 843 
 1,360,267 
 2,931,422 
 1,189,984 
 1,030,678 
 1,270,744 
 1,092,018 
 756,384 
 2,220,077 
 1,673,986 
 1,774,901 ■ 
 
 16,466,426 
 
 13,989,544 
 
 26,644,599 
 
 12,355,018 
 
 9,229,354 
 
 10,488,140 
 
 0,866,416 
 
 7,087,861 
 
 22,082,608 
 
 10,847,663 
 
 12,706,053 
 
 15,002,665 
 12,691,867 
 26,739,088 
 12,021,378 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 007,966 
 
 
 10,729,814 
 
 8,797,289 
 
 6,474,719 
 
 •21,962,844 
 
 9,9'47,741 
 
 12,719,266 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 94,245,654 
 
 30,162,606 
 
 8,694,217 
 
 16,669,204 
 
 149,761,581 
 
 146,084,622 
 
 
 Victoria 
 
 12,682,876 
 
 10,840,223 
 
 775,862 
 
 16,224,037 
 
 3,142,450 
 
 3,007,609 
 
 203,160 
 
 4,858,251 
 
 888,137 
 
 748,699 
 
 64,606 
 
 1,453,091 • 
 
 2,034,532 
 
 1,720,370 
 
 212,295 
 
 2,513,997 
 
 18,642,995 
 
 16,316,801 
 
 1,266,902 
 
 25,049,376 
 
 17,623,647 
 
 
 16,366,122 
 1,214,614 
 23,443,442 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 40,422,988 
 
 11,211,360 
 
 3,149,532 
 
 6,481,194 
 
 61,265,074 
 
 57,537,826 
 
 
 2,032,024 
 
 940,309 
 
 1,286,141 
 
 678,?62 
 219,265 
 289,618 
 
 168,768 
 
 77,177 
 
 104,231 
 
 481,932 
 244,790 
 279,147 
 
 3,261,676 
 1,481,641 
 1,968,137 
 
 3,416,914 
 1,799,919 
 2,166,761 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 
 
 
 4,267,474 
 
 l,0gf,7i5 
 
 350,166 
 
 1,006,869 
 
 6,701,264 
 
 7,371,594 
 
 
 
 
 626,422,024 
 626,478,706 
 
 182,477,906 
 173,386,926 
 
 48,669,726 
 47,830,710 
 
 100,690,086 
 103,106,829 
 
 968,169,740 
 
 "gVgVB'os.iro 
 
 - 
 
 *An error occurred in the values of this county in 1884, through the omission of one township. The correct figures ar 
 given in the totals of this tahle. 
 
53 
 
 RURAL AREA AND POPULATION. 
 
 TABLE No. XII, — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the Rural Area and 
 Population of Ontario as returned by Municipal Assessors for the year 1885. 
 
 
 AcEEB or Assessed Land. 
 
 i 
 
 1" 
 
 i 
 
 il 
 
 < 
 
 r 
 
 to g g 
 ^ < < 
 
 i 
 
 a a, 
 
 go3. 
 
 i 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Resident. 
 
 Non- 
 Resident. 
 
 Total 
 Occupied. 
 
 S3 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent .. , 
 
 Elgin 
 
 398,190 
 637,382 
 434, 641 
 386,690 
 27S,916 
 221,147 
 
 ^,272 
 28,955 
 
 6,689 
 
 10,214 
 
 120 
 
 3,938 
 
 427,462 
 566,317 
 440,3aO 
 896.804 
 279,036 
 225,086 
 
 182,179 
 273,289 
 255,884 
 222, .569 
 196,387 
 165,176 
 
 226,596 
 26-2,641 
 171,268 
 161,671 
 72,688 
 69,184 
 
 18,687 
 30,387 
 13,188 
 22,674 
 9,961 
 10,726 
 
 6,015 
 7,616 
 6,881 
 8,024 
 4,,528 
 6,781 
 
 31,268 
 31,766 
 26,048 
 24.335 
 17,110 
 \ 17,384 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,256,84(5 
 
 78,188 
 
 2,335,034 
 
 1,285.474 
 
 944,038 
 
 105,522 
 
 39,844 
 
 
 
 
 
 698,452 
 781,731 
 770,42i! 
 
 63,084 
 18,719 
 66,472 
 
 661,636 
 798,450 
 825,900 
 
 244,610 
 616,169 
 404,646 
 
 402.178 
 1S5,83] 
 363,488 
 
 14,748 
 86 4,',0 
 67,866 
 
 6,596 
 8.47;. 
 5,851 
 
 30,200 
 49,040 
 42,008 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,160,611 
 
 135,275 
 
 2,286,886 
 
 1,165,325 
 
 961,497 
 
 169,064 
 
 19,925 
 
 121,248 
 
 
 
 1,027,788 
 889,107 
 
 47,429 
 72,240 
 
 1,075, lS7 
 961,347 
 
 628,226 
 425,957 
 
 387,050 
 ' 482,837 
 
 161,921 
 62,653 
 
 7,105 
 4,460 
 
 66,134 
 *48,113 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,916,87, 
 
 119,669 
 
 2,036,644 
 
 952,183 
 
 869,887 
 
 il4,474 
 
 11,656 
 
 103,247 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 7.'i2,lC,'i 
 470, -^611 
 212,186 
 614,764 
 filS,76l 
 301,077 
 335,387 
 
 6,638 
 1,39.'> 
 3.661 
 4,167 
 8 211 
 2,056 
 22,274 
 
 767,793 
 471,664 
 216,H26 
 618,921 
 626,962 
 306,133 
 357.661 
 
 499.681 
 333,634 
 168,746 
 350, .580 
 419.076 
 230,924 
 172,818 
 
 237,416 
 110,248 
 
 29,723 
 126,172 
 120,440 
 
 59,740 
 104,180 
 
 20.698 
 27,784 
 17,357 
 42,189 
 87,447 
 15,489 
 80,883 
 
 291,805 
 
 11,000 
 8,666 
 4,661 
 4.621 
 4.772 
 6 295 
 1,683 
 
 61,303 
 29,778 
 16 760 
 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth . 
 
 30,767 
 35,811 
 24 808 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 
 16,248 
 
 
 
 
 3,207,568 
 
 47,392 
 
 3,254 980 
 
 2.176,238 
 
 787,917 
 
 40,688 
 
 205,150 
 
 
 
 
 188,186 
 266,904 
 2z3,192 
 287,iiln 
 633,113 
 480,321 
 ■363, 33 
 430,201 
 227,464 
 
 2,718 
 8,403 
 1,531 
 379 
 8,398 
 15,982 
 3,267 
 3.785 
 2,948 
 
 , 190 904 
 274,307 
 2::4 7i3 
 287,996 
 641,516 
 49-.,283 
 386 490 
 4X3,938 
 230,412 
 
 148,119 
 206 6il 
 168,126 
 2i9,738 
 404,523 
 328,165 
 2"6,107 
 303,880 
 176,040 
 
 36,719 
 60.0:il 
 43,629 
 47.464 
 82,715 
 
 1I5,.M0 
 71,849 
 
 107,266 
 46,292 
 
 7,066 
 17.676 
 12,968 
 10,803 
 64,278 
 62,678 
 29,034 
 22,840 
 
 8,080 
 
 8,075 
 9,324 
 4,991 
 4,128 
 7,744 
 6,330 
 3,8:5 
 6.683 
 6,276 
 
 14,684 
 
 
 24,369 
 
 
 14,160 
 
 III 
 
 17,944 
 43,441 
 t32,665 
 
 
 21.896 
 
 
 26,975 
 
 
 14 668 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,999,235 
 
 47,381 
 
 3,046,810 
 
 2,231,309 
 
 599,986 
 
 216,322 
 
 66,375 
 
 209,691 
 
 
 
 
 365,518 
 588,515 
 73,S,344 
 234,695 
 y4S,l23 
 287,032 
 269.421 
 213,0-8 
 557,600 
 804,311 
 • 608,734 
 
 38,522 
 81,508 
 8,S16 
 /2,618 
 '2,143 
 162 
 16,969 
 88,046 
 16,444 
 45,268 
 53.330 
 
 404,040 
 668,023 
 748,K6n 
 237,213 
 2.50,271 
 237,184 
 286,380 
 261,133 
 ■ 674,044 
 849,579 
 662,069 
 
 202.033 
 200,51.5 
 390,898 
 13.(,776 
 112,816 
 136 hSi 
 1211.797 
 74.436 
 269,816 
 232,015 
 279.006 
 
 148,319 
 370,792 
 - 262,318 
 70,837 
 128,55S 
 102.847 
 128,76'* 
 176,37^ 
 186,659 
 5.53,322 
 273,019 
 
 63,888 
 90,718 
 
 103,644 
 32,600 
 10,897 
 47,606 
 38,828 
 1,328 
 
 127,669 
 61,242 
 
 109,444 
 
 2,871 
 
 1,986 
 
 3,050 
 
 1,262 
 
 920 
 
 625 
 
 188 
 
 164 
 
 470 
 
 853 
 
 1,097 
 
 13,890 
 
 
 21,146 
 
 
 88,127 
 
 
 14,98B 
 
 Stormunt 
 
 1.5,908 
 
 
 17,677 
 
 
 17,668 
 
 
 14,240 
 
 
 30 661 
 
 
 28,471 
 
 
 20,666 
 
 
 
 ToUls 
 
 4,913 386 
 
 308,410 
 
 6,216,79 
 
 2,148,939 
 
 2,387,399 
 
 680,453 
 
 13, 144 
 
 238,330 
 
 Victoria 
 
 643 626 
 485,4,^8 
 614,669 
 785,224 
 
 21,748 
 
 41,840 
 
 23,227 
 
 128,617 
 
 666,273 
 627,29» 
 637,7911 
 913,841 
 
 231,447 
 218,488 
 25.309 
 306,594 
 
 225.946 
 240,302 
 488,796 
 636,291 
 
 1,486,334 
 
 107,881 
 68,528 
 25,831 
 70,956 
 
 1,958 
 
 1,989 
 
 4i 
 
 4,943 
 
 21,.597 
 
 
 18,614 
 
 
 5,147 
 
 
 82,641 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,328,778 
 
 216,432 
 
 2,644,20b 
 
 781,878 
 
 272,906 
 
 8,920 
 
 77,89i* 
 
 
 464,07" 
 219,^74 
 260,319 
 
 46,297 
 
 28,654 
 
 107,258 
 
 610,387 
 248,5-'8 
 867,677 
 
 49,710 
 19 996 
 27,370 
 
 3P5,484 
 224,144 
 325,312 
 
 65,173 
 4,389 
 14,895 
 
 351 
 
 56 
 66 
 
 10,466 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 6,222 
 7,247 
 
 Totals 
 
 944,283 
 
 182,209 
 
 1 128,956 
 1,144,684 
 
 1,126,472 
 
 97,075 
 
 944,940 
 
 84,457 
 
 462 
 
 22,926 
 
 
 20,717,660 
 20,567,632 
 
 21,846,618 
 21,712,310 
 
 10,837,421 
 10,736,086 
 
 8,984,997 
 8,914,719 
 
 2,024,098 
 2,061,611 
 
 190,813 
 192,837 
 
 1,}26,296 
 1,117,880 
 
 
 * Tottenham incorporated. 
 
 t Beaverton incorporated. 
 
 B.r.- 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS 
 
 The following report on the condition of crops, live stock, etc., in the Province is 
 tased on returns received from over eight hundred correspondents. Appended to it is an 
 interesting extract from a special report on Barley, prepared for the United States 
 Department of Agriculture, in which valuable analyses are given of our Ontario grain. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau op Industries, 
 
 Toronto, May 24, 1886. 
 
 FALL WHEAT. 
 
 The reports of correspondents show that in most of the fall wheat growing counties 
 of the Province the winter was very unfavourable to the crop, and that in consequence 
 it promises to fall considerably short of the average of past years. Excepting on late 
 sown fields the young plants went into the winter with good growth and vitality. But 
 from the middle of December, when a very mild period set in with much rain, the 
 weather was of a varied and changeable character, and to almost every one of its char- 
 acteristics — mildness, rain, intense cold, day thaws and night frosts, ice formation, etc., 
 — more or less of the injury done to the wheat is ascribed. 
 
 It is very diflSlcult even to approximately estimate the relative effects of the various 
 meteorological influences. That the mild weather and heavy rains of early January did 
 much harm in themselves may be doubted ; in many counties where these conditions 
 were most marked they have evidently done but little harm. The " drowning-out" 
 which is noticeable on low, wet lands, was of late occurrence. In so far as in the colder 
 counties the usual winter covering of snow was wanting, the mid-winter mildness may 
 have had an unfavourable effect, as some of the frosts which followed were ^f very 
 exceptional intensity, and the ground at the time was wholly bare or but slightly 
 covered. 
 
 February appears to have been more destructive to the wheat, as in hollows and on 
 low ground sheets of ice were formed, which remained long and smothered the young 
 plants. Intense cold also seems to have been somewhat injurious this month. 
 
 March was not marked by any extreme cold, nor yet in most counties by warmth 
 sufficient to start the wheat into premature growth ; but the absence of snow, and the 
 night frosts and day thaws which occurred daily for weeks of an unusually slow 
 transition from winter to decidedly spring-like weather, is no doubt responsible for some 
 of the damage done to the wheat crop. There was also a considerable amount of rain 
 which, collecting with the melted snow in the lower levels and hollows of the fields, 
 formed ice sheets, the location of which was easily marked in April in thin and yellow 
 patches of young wheat on most of the farms of the West Midland counties and in all 
 the counties eastward to Northumberland and Peterborough. In some of the more 
 southerly counties, where ice sheets did not form to any extent, the water standing for 
 
days unable either to sink into the ground or run off, produced the " drowning-out " 
 referred to by correspondents as doing great damage on low lying clay soils. East of 
 Ontario county, excepting in Lanark, Carleton and Leeds, there is but little complaint of 
 unfavourable weather. In a few localities in that part of the Province low lands have 
 suffered from ice sheets and drowning, and on high lands from which the snow was blown 
 off there are patches of winter-killed wheat ; but generally from Durham east-ward there 
 was sufficient snow to afford protection and the conditions which led to the formation of 
 ice sheets in the hollows were not present in sufficient measure to cause serious injury 
 except in a few townships between Ottawa and Brockville. 
 
 Smothering by snow is reported only in a very few instances, and these in northern 
 townships where the snow had drifted in large quantities along the fences. The snow 
 storm of early April is stated by many correspondents in the Lake Erie and other south- 
 western counties to have done much damage to wheat. The snow fell to a depth excep- 
 tional even in winter; it melted rapidly, flooding the low lands, and was- followed by a 
 very hot sun. The result of these circumstances was what is termed " scalding ;" a 
 condition of impaired vitality that showed itself in the drooping and yellowing of fields 
 which had come out of the winter in fair or even good condition. The snow in some 
 localities is said to have so packed in the outlets from the hollows that flooding became 
 inevitable. 
 
 The lack of spring rain is said in a few localities to have retarded the growth and 
 diminished the thrifty appearance which much of the wheat had at the close of the 
 winter; but over a limited area in both eastern and western Ontario excessive wet is 
 complained of. With these comparatively unimportant exceptions, the Province has had a 
 spring unusually favourable to the wheat fields, and the result has generally been a 
 steady improvement in the condition of the crop, and the saving of some fields which 
 would have been ploughed up had not the season been so propitious for restoring the 
 vitality of the injured plants. 
 
 Of the numerous causes affecting wheat unfavourably, no doubt the formation of ice 
 sheets in the hollows has been the greatest. These sheets formed quite generally over 
 the Province, from Peterboro' and Durham counties in the east to Perth, Middlesex and 
 Norfolk in the west, and from the eastern part of Lake Erie northward to the Georgian 
 Bay. Oxford correspondents say that the character of the soil had little to do with the 
 condition of the wheat at the close of winter, but the configuration of the surface very 
 much. Low wet lands and the hollows of rolling lands were badly hurt ; but the slopes 
 and naturally drained uplands suffered little, whether they were of a clayey or sandy 
 texture. Similar statements come from Waterloo and many other counties farther to 
 the eastward. In eastern and northern Ontario, where the temperature was not sufii- 
 ciently high or the snow too deep to allow of the accumulation of much water in the 
 hollows, the ice patches are rare ; and the same remark applies to the extreme south- 
 western counties and a few other localities, where the ground was wholly bare and the 
 temperature did not fall with sufficient rapidity after the thaw and rains. The damage 
 by ice was confined almost wholly to the counties which have from an Ontario standard 
 a moderate winter climate and a moderate snowfall. 
 
 But little damage from insects is mentioned. The wire worm is reported in Essex, 
 Lambton and a few other counties. In the two counties named it has done much harm 
 in localities. The Hessian fly is also reported there and in Pelham, Welland county, iis 
 well as in a few other sections, but does not appear to have done much injury nor to 
 threaten any general damage to the wheat this summer. 
 
 Taking the Province as a whole, it may be said that the wheat crop is in its best 
 condition at either extremity, and in its worst in the central districts. In Huron, 
 Bruce and Perth, and in most of the eastern counties the crop is equal to if not above 
 the average of recent years. In Simcoe and York it is almost a total failure ; in some 
 localities in these counties fifty to ninety per cent, of the wheatland has been ploughed 
 up. As near an approximation of the condition of the crop as can be reached at pre- 
 sent places the yipld over the whole Province at about twenty per cent, less than the 
 average of the past few years. Of the Lake Erie counties, which furnish nearly a 
 quarter of the fall wheat production of the Province, Welland is the only one which . 
 
promises a full average crop. In Essex, at the other extremity of the group, the lack of 
 drainage combined with heavy rains has caused considerable injury on low and flat lands, 
 but no other injury has been done the crop except the very little by frosts, worm and 
 fly. On the whole the yield there is likely to be only a little below the average, and 
 under the most favourable circumstances it may turn out an average crop. In Kent the 
 crop is generally rather poor ; frost on sandy soils and the effects of the great snow 
 storm of early April being the chief causes of failure. In Elgin the condition of wheat 
 is much more variable, in some cases being very good and on low undrained clay soils 
 very poor — lack of snow, intense frost and standing water all combining to injure the 
 plants. In several townships of Norfolk the crop is reported to be very good, but in 
 others very poor, some correspondents reporting only sixty per 6ent. of a good crop. 
 The causes already mentioned operated to injure the plants, and ice sheets in this county 
 did a large amount of damage. Haldimand has suffered more from ice and other effects 
 of the weather than any other of the Lake Erie counties, or than any of the other counties 
 west of York and Simooe, and except in parts of Dunn township the condition of the 
 crop is below the average. In some cases it promises scarcely half^a usual crop. Much 
 wheatland has been ploughed up in this county. On the whole the condition of wheat 
 in the Lake Erie counties appears to be fully fifteen per cent, below the average of 
 recent years ; but, as the spring weather has been favourable there is a chance for 
 improvement before harvest. 
 
 The Lake Huron counties promise a good yield, for though in th& southern part of 
 Lambton the crop has been much injured by winter rains, frost and insects, and retarded 
 by dry weather in spring, the northern part of the county is but little short of an 
 average, and the large counties of Huron and Bruce promise generally a good harvest. 
 They have suffered less than usual in most sections from' winter-killing or any of the 
 agencies mentioned, and several correspondents report the best crop for years. In these 
 counties, as in the north of Lambton, the spring has been favourable to healthy 
 growth. 
 
 Ice, frost and water have done much harm in Grey, the fields are patchy and 
 uneven, and a very considerable area of wheatland has been ploughed up and re-sown 
 with spring grain. In Simcoe, excepting in a very limited area bordering on the Georgian 
 Bay and in a few localities elsewhere sheltered by woods, the failure of the erop is 
 almost complete. One correspondent in Flos reports ninety per cent, of the wheat 
 ploughed up in his neighbourhood, and another states that there will not be enough 
 wheat grown for seed. The reports from other townships are but little better ; one 
 correspondent writes that there is scarcely a field of wheat that will yield a third of a 
 crop. Ploughing up ^and re-seeding have been general and extensive throughout the 
 county, and what is left does not promise even half an average crop. 
 
 In the West Midland counties, which grow a large proportion of the fall wheat of 
 Ontario, the condition of wheat is very variable. Brant, Middlesex and Oxford are the 
 least promising, while in Perth the outlook is almost invariably reported as very 
 hopeful. Everywhere throughout these counties well-drained rolling lands, whether 
 clayey or sandy, have suffered least. The chief cause of inj,ury to the crop has appar- 
 ently been the freezing of rain and melted snow in the hollows of the fields. In 
 Middlesex generally the crop is below an average, but very uneven ; some localities 
 reporting a good condition, and others a very poor crop. In the township of West 
 Williams half of the crop has been winter-killed. A Caradoc correspondent reports one- 
 third of the wheatland ploughed up. In Biddulph the wire-worm has been at work, but 
 the condition of wheat is fair, and but little wheat has been ploughed up. In 
 Oxford the crop falls below an average, but appears to be rather better than in Middlesex. 
 Very little wheatland in this county has been broken up, and very little in Brant, 
 although ice and frost have left the crop generally in poorer condition than in any other 
 West Midland county. In Perth comparatively little damage has been done by any 
 agency, and the crop promises a very large yield. In Waterloo it is somewhat below the 
 average. In Wellington it is poor in the southern townships, but improves in condition 
 northward. Dufferin promises a fair crop, excepting in Mono. In this group of counties 
 as a whole the wheat appears likely to fall at least ten per cent, under their usual yield. 
 
The spring has been favourable, though in Perth there are complaints of too copious 
 rains, and in parts of Wellington the crop has deteriorated since the close of winter. 
 
 In all the Lake Ontario counties west of Northumberland the wheat crop is below 
 the average. In Lincoln several correspondents report good crops on well-drained rolling 
 land, but in other cases barely two-thirds of a crop is expected. Winter-killing by frost 
 and ice and flooding of the low lands by spring rains are given as the chief causes of 
 injury. In Wentworth the wheat is reported worse than in Lincoln. In Halton also it is 
 a short crop, and in Peel, excepting in the north-western part, which is rolling, the fields 
 are patchy, and a few correspondents report only half a crop. Not a great anea has been 
 ploughed up. . In York county generally ice and frost have brought about an alniost 
 total failure. Etobicoke reports, "not one good field in this township; three-fourths 
 ploughed up." In Scarboro', " nearly all killed by ice and frost and ploughed up." In 
 North Gwillimbury, " there will not be more than one-third of a crop throughout this 
 township." In Pickering and Whitby, in Ontario county, the failure appears to be as bad 
 as in York, and from similar causes ; but northward some improvement is noticeable, 
 though few correspondents report a really good prospect. In Durham, Northumberland 
 and Prince Edward fall wheat is not a very important crop, but it is very good this year, 
 having escaped the ice which proved so disastrous farther west. 
 
 In the East Midland counties the crop as a whole is good. In parts of Victoria ice 
 did some damage, but generally the crop is little if any below the average, while in 
 Peterborough and Hastings it promises a heavy yield. Throughout the eastern counties 
 fall wheat is raised in but limited quantities. Excepting in parts of Oarleton, Lanark 
 and Leeds, where ice as well as frost has been injurious, the crop is generally in good 
 condition. 
 
 The damage done by spring and winter rains on low undrained soils emphasizes all 
 that has been urged in the past on the necessity of underdraining ; while, in view of the 
 conditions which last winter led to the formation of ice sheets, the desirability of having 
 surface draining so conducted as to rapidly and thoroughly empty the hollows in the 
 fields during winter thaws is brought into bold prominence. 
 
 Wm. MeCormick, Pelee Island, Esaex : Wheat looks very well on all soils ; a little injury through rain, 
 but none from frost or insects. 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : Wheat is only a middling crop ; on clay it suffered much by frosts ; 
 the injury may be rated at 33j per cent., but no wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : Wheat looks fair, the crop being good on clay or sand, though bad on 
 loam. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : Wheat is poor ; on low lands it was drowned out, and on sandy knolls 
 the fly has killed it ; when the snow melted the water could not get off, and so drowned it. Hessian fly has 
 done harm in some places. Some wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 Denis Rooheleau, Sandwich W., Essex: Looks fair generally, but is better on clay land. Frost in 
 March did some damage, but no wheat, so far as I am aware, has been ploughed up. 
 
 Geo. Little, Sandwich East, Essex : Fall wheat in general looks well ; on light, mucky ground there is 
 some injury : I think the worms worked on it. No wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Wheat is fairly good : it is winter-killed more or less on very light 
 loamy soil, but on heavy clav or gravel it is very good ; I know of only one field, and that is over the town- 
 line in Sandvrioh East, which has been destroyed by insects. Have heard of no ploughing up. 
 
 A. W. Cahoe, Rochester, Essex : Wheat is forward but thin ; appearances are fair on sand, but the 
 crop is light on clay. A third of the crop has been injured by weather, and a small area has been 
 ploughed up. 
 
 John Stratford, Tilbury Westj Essex : The wheat crop is good, though less so on light soils than on 
 others. .There has been but little injury from weather and none from insects. 
 
 R. H. Waddell, Tilburv East, Kent : Fall Wheat on the whole looks well, the exception being in the 
 ease of that sown upon sandy land, which has suffered a little from frost. On clay soil it has stood the 
 winter remarkably well. , 
 
 Matthew Martin, Tilbury East, Kent : Wheat in some localities will be below an average. It is best 
 on clay soils and poorest on sandy. The last heavy fall of snow, about the 6th April, injured it badly, and 
 the very hot weather immediately after seemed to scald it. 
 
 W. McKenzie Ross, Harwich, Kent : Pretty good, but wheat has been better on light soil than on 
 clay ; more or less destroyed where water lodged, and son: e fields have been ploughed up. 
 
Robert Cumming, Harwich, Kent : In this neighbourhood wheat is generally poor ; not likely to be 
 half a crop. Snow storm of 6th April is thought to have done some damage. 
 
 John Tissiman, Raleigh, Kent : Wheat prospects are middling ; much better on clay lands than on 
 light. The crop was somewhat injured by frosts while uncovered by snow, but I have not heard of any 
 wheat having been ploughed up. 
 
 J. _G. Stuart, Raleigh, Kent : Croj) is considerably below an average ; much wh^t has been ploughed 
 up, or is likely to be — perhaps twenty per cent. 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : Very thin ; about half a crop. On heavy clay it is much better than 
 on sand or loam ; none looked well when snow went off. The cut worm seems to be doing much harm. No 
 land ploughed up in this neighbourhood. Continuous cropping with wheat is the chief cause of failure here ; 
 it is sown till a bad failure occurs. 
 
 ' G, R. Langford, Camden, Kent : About three-fourths of the acreage is good ; injury done, is on lands 
 where the early April snow storms is supposed to have smothered out some wheat, but there is no plough- 
 ing up. 
 
 L. E. Vogler, Zone, Kent : Wheat crop is generally very good on both clay and sand ; but on both clay 
 and sand injured to some extent on low wet grounds by frost this spring. 
 
 Wm. Clark, Aldboiough, Elgin : Will not average over half a crop in my neighbourhood ; March frosts 
 and over-cropping are the principle causes of failure ; no wheat ploughed up. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Not very promising ; very uneven, but best on clay and dry 
 loams. No ploughing up. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Fall wheat looks well, and is very far advanced for the season. It 
 has done best on heavy clay and in sheltered places. There has been considerable killed in spots by water 
 standing and freezing. No land ploughed up. 
 
 M. Payne, Southwold and Yarmouth, Elgin : Fall wheat is very good, but better on the heavier soils. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : Very good, but badly thinned on heavy clay. On sandy and well 
 drained soils the crops look fine. 
 
 George Russell, Yarmouth, Elgin : Wheat very poor generally ; half of it killed by frost. No 
 ploughing up in this section. 
 
 George A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : The wheat crop is fair. On low, undrained soils the plant is 
 badly perished, but on high, warm, well fallowed soils it is extra good. Very little wheat has been 
 ploughed up. 
 
 John Machon, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Poor, generally, but better on sandy loam than clay. Fully 
 one-third has been injured by weather, but none will be ploughed up. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Only about sixty per cent, of an average crop, but better on 
 heavy loam or clayey soil. The crop was badly killed on light soils. A considerable quantity was killed 
 by ice in the winter, aud some was smothered by the heavy fall of snow in the early part of April. No 
 wheat has been ploughed tip. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Wheat is not as good as last season. On high land it promises 
 well, but on low lands the wet condition of soil, owing to frequent rains, is affecting it adversely. It was 
 winter killed in exposed spots, owing to hard freezing weather and lack of snow during January and Feb- 
 ruary. No wheat land has been broken up. 
 
 Robert Green, Windham, Norfolk : Not very good on any soil, but best on sandy. The crop is about 
 fifty per cent, of an average on low or flat land, but better on hilly or rolling ground. No wheat ploughed 
 up. 
 
 Robert Watson, Windham, Norfolk : Wheat very good on heavy land ; good except in some low spots 
 where the ice lay on it ; on sandy land excellent. All vegetation about three weeks earlier than last year. 
 No wheat being ploughed up. 
 
 Herbert Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : Good, and remarkably sound. Promises above an average crop ; 
 but is better on well drained up-land, such as sand and loamy soUs, than on level clay requiring ridging. It 
 was injured somewhat by water in furrows and low spots freezing in early spring; also by spmdhng up too 
 rapidly during a warm spell without rain that followed the frost coming out of the ground. No pioughmg 
 up. 
 
 ■L. N. CoUrer, Townsend, Norfolk : As a whole, not above half a crop. The ice with which the bare 
 ground was covered for some time seemed to smother out the wheat and clover, and the vast amount of 
 water with which it was more or less covered after the big snow storm in April drowned out considerable 
 more. No ploughing up, 
 
 William Hedges, Walpole, Haldimand : Crop somewhat damaged by winter. About a quarter killed. 
 Better on light land. Very little ploughing up. 
 
 Edwin Hoover, Rainham, Haldimand : About one-third of the wheat area is good, the rest is poor ; 
 wheat on low lands is best. No ploughing up. 
 
 J. R. Smith, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Very poor ; not more than one-third crop ; on low lands it ^ 
 best. Injury was done by ice and frosts. About one-twentieth of fall wheat area has been re-sown with 
 spring crops, 
 
 V. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand: Wheat quite poor; some sheltered pieces good, but very 
 little difference ; considerable in different soils. The crop was not injured by ram, ice or snow, but some 
 fields were almost entirely killed by frost ; others were partly and sheltered fields very little Under the 
 moat favourable conditions wheat will not yield more than half a crop. Very little ploughing up. 
 I 
 
S. W. Hornibrook, Dunn, Haldimand : Fall wheat good and early ; not much injured this year by 
 anything. 
 
 Joel Misener, Moulton, Haldimand : Not good ; badly winter-killed ; on sandy soils or clay loam it 
 cannot be one-third of a crop. Damage is wholly by ice and frosts. Some ploughing up, but not much, 
 as farmers sow on timothy and clover. 
 
 Arthur Siminton, Seneca, Haldimand : Crop very bad, but heavy clay and dry soils are the best. Frost 
 the first three days of March cooked the wheat ; quite a lot is being ploughed up, and eighty per cent, in 
 this locality should be. 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : Fall wheat is very poor owing to winter-killing ; it is likely 
 to be. only half a crop ; none ploughed up. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand : Fair appearance on rolling land but very poor on low land ; injury 
 done by night frosts and day thaws in early winter ; much ploughed up or to be ploughed up for barley. 
 
 Chas. Henderson, Wainfleet, Welland : Wheat crop good, especially on clay soils ; late sown wheat 
 seems to have suffered ; no ploughing up. 
 
 Daniel Near, Humberstone, Welland : Very good ; better on gravel and loain than on low lands. 
 
 Jas. McClive, Bertie, Welland: Wheat looks well; better than usual, and is good on all soils ; no 
 injury whatever has been done by winter or insects. I planted wheat as late as 10th October in 1885 on 
 land well top-dressed — about sixteen or eighteen loads well rotted barn-yard manure per acre, and it now 
 looks A 1. 
 
 J. J. Sherk, Bertie, Welland : Wheat promised a heavy crop in early spring, but looks lighter now. 
 About a medium crop. 
 
 S. H. Van Every, Pelham, Welland : Wheat promises a fair crop ; it is good on sandy upland, but on 
 clay and clay loam poor ; snow and ice did no injury, but the Hessian fly in some places has done consider- 
 able harm ; no ploughing up. 
 
 D. G. Holcomb, Thorold, Welland : Wheat is all that could be desired. The heavy fall of snow in 
 April injured it somewhat, but frosts and insects have done no harm. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : Good on all soils, and not more than five per cent, of it injured by 
 weather or other cause. 
 
 A. A. Meyers, Sombra, Lambton : The early sown wheat looks extra good, although the heavy snow 
 storm in April smothered some of the best wheat on account of the melted snow being unable to run off 
 freely. Late sown wheat is very badly winter-killed ; many fields have been re-sown with spring grain : 
 light soils seem to have been more affected by the winter than heavy soil, but generally speaking the fall 
 wheat promises to be an average crop. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Fall wheat is very poor — best on clay soil ; the weather was so dry 
 at planting, and the ground so hard, that it did not come up until late, and it was too tender to stand the 
 winter ; wheat that got started early in September looks well. Some has been ploughed up ; one quarter 
 should be. • 
 
 John Graus, Sombra, Lambton : On manured land wheat has made a fine growth and looks well, but a 
 good deal has been sown on exhausted soil and cannot amount to much. Some has been sown on second 
 sod and the wire-worm has done much damage, still there is none likely to be ploughed up. 
 
 Simon Burns, Dawn, Lambton : The general condition very discouraging ; very much hurt on the high 
 as well as on the low lands. The failure apparently is due to absence of snow in February and March, 
 and the alternate freezing and thawing in those months. A considerable area has been ploughed up, and 
 more may as well be. There was no rain since the last fall of snow to do any good till May 9th. One- 
 quarter of the crop in this vicinity is injured. Early sown wheat has escaped with slight injury. I believe 
 the bulk of the fall wheat should be sown on or before September 10th. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Not over half a crop. Much ploughed up and ground sown 
 with oats. 
 
 W. G. Willoughbyi Brooke, Lambton : Very good; not much difference on soils, but crop rather 
 better on clay than on loam ; lacked rain until lately. In low undrained places the crop is damaged some- 
 what by frost ; no ploughing up. 
 
 John L. Wilson, Enniskillen, Lambton : On the average not more than half a crop, but some very fine 
 fields. A large area looks poor, the wire worm having been at work. Winter rather hard on wheat which 
 had not a good start in the fall. A considerable area nas been ploughed up. 
 
 Robert Montgomery, Enniskillen, Lambton : Wheat early sown on well prepared ground is looking 
 well, but late sown on poor soil will hardly be half a crop ; five per cent will be ploughed up. 
 
 Henry Ingram, Enniskillen, Lambton : Very poor generally, but early sown ia not bad. The dry 
 windy weather this spring has done harm, and a good deal has been injured by the wire worm. A large 
 area has been ploughed up. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : Geperal condition poor ; on dry soil an average crop. 
 
 Michael EUerker, Warwick, Lambton : Unusually unpromising ; rarely a good field seen ; heavy and 
 light soOs about the same. 
 
 J. B. Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : On good soil looks well ; on wet or poor land somewhat damaged in 
 March. None ploughed up ; the growing showery weather has helped it. The yield will probably be above 
 the averape. 
 
 p. B. Smart, Sarnia, Lambton : Poor ; a good deal ploughed up. After the heavy snow storm of April 
 6th a very bright hot sun on the 7th and following days seemed to do more harm by scalding than any other 
 
George M. Everest, Plympton, Lambton : In some localities it is rather poor ; in others it is looking- 
 well ; on the whole about an average crop. A little wheat was ploughed up in the early part of the season, 
 but some who ploughed up wished they had not as very favourable weather set in. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Fully seventy-five cent, of wheat may be said to have been 
 winter-killed. A good deal will be ploughed up, and a great deal more will be left that will not pay for 
 the work. 
 
 John Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : Generally below the average ; some fields look very well where it 
 was put in early on well dramed land, otherwise it is badly winter-killed ; on sandy or light soil it is very 
 poor, one-third injured by winter frost, there being but very little snow to protect it. Crop has made good 
 progress lately. 
 
 C. Prouty, Stephen, Huron : Good on all soils. Early sown wheat has got much ahead of late. 
 
 Hector Reid, Stanley, Huron : On the whole good ; very good on properly drained land, but on wet 
 land thin and spindley. Within the last three weeks rain has injured wheat on undrained land. 
 
 G. W. Holman, Usbome, Huron : Good average crop ; better on high rolling land than on flat or low 
 land ; heavy clay loam best. In several places it was killed in spots, mostlyon low flat land ; I think it was 
 tilled too late and did not get good root ; early wheat far better than late. In some cases I think the cut 
 worm has done damage. 
 
 R. Hansford, Tuokersmith, Huron : Good ; above the average. . Some injured by rain on low and 
 undrajned lands. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Hu^n : Generally a fair crop. Wheat put in early on land in good condition 
 is magnificent, but the seed sown late or in soil not drained naturally or otherwise looks rather patchy. 
 
 James Tremeer, Hullett, Huron : Above the average, especially that on drained or dry land and put in 
 early, but the late sown, or that on damp land, is partially killed. 
 
 George Hood, Morris, Huron : The yield promises to be from fifteen to twenty bushels per acre. I 
 can't positively assign a reason for fall wheat going back as it visibly has, but think that the fine, dry, hot 
 weather that followed the slight frosts we had tended to kill the plants whose roots were somewhat 
 heaved. 
 
 Wm. Spenoe, Grey, Huron : Fall wheat generally is very good. It has not been injured except in a 
 few places where the land is very low and wet. 
 
 G. Fortune, Turnberry, Huron : Generally good; better than for several years. It is very poor where 
 the land is low and wet. It has been injured in spots where the snow lay deep ; also a little by ice where it 
 was frozen close to the ground in February. Probably two or three per cent, will be ploughed up. 
 
 James Mitchell, Howick, Huron : Fall wheat is splendid where not injured. On dry soils it is very 
 good ; on undrained soils very bad. 
 
 John Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron : Not very good, about one-half killed. On high dry ground, 
 where sown early, very good. The Hessian fly injured a few fields last fall. 
 
 Edwin Gaunt, West Wawanosh, Huron : Fall wheat looks well generally. A small percentage wa» 
 injured by frosts in April, especially on wet and undrained lands, and the succeeding heavy rams have not 
 favoured its prospects ; but on light lands with open subsoil, or where lands are well underdrained, tau 
 wheat looks grand. 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Not first-class, but better than for three years back ; 
 Hessian fly has done a little harm. 
 
 Peter Reid, Kinloss, Bruce : Above the average of the last three years. About eight per cent, of th» 
 crop has been injured, principally by snow in sheltered spots. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : Very fair prospects of an average crop. There has been rather too much 
 rain for the crop. , 
 
 Thomas Wilson, Huron, Bruce : The general condition is good ; much better than for J'ears Past On 
 heavy clay land the crop is the best, and has suffered the least from wmter-kiUing. Some injury has been 
 done by rain on flat undrained land, but very little by frost. 
 
 J. B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce : FaU wheat is good, both early and late sowing, ^«t best on rolling and 
 open soils; clay and low lands not so good. Very little injury. from snow; low spots were killed out by 
 ice ; the formation of ice is what mosUy kills the winter wheat m this locality. 
 
 Thomas Allison, Culrosa, Brace : Middling good crop. 
 
 Wm. Gorman, Brant, Bruce : Fall wheat good ; no injury by weather or insects. 
 
 Jas. Tolten, Brant, Bruce : Wheat on the whole, good. Not much injured by snow, ice or frost, but 
 on low and wet lands spring rains have damaged it to some extent. 
 
 John Hiles, Kincardine, Bruce : Crop is good. Very Uttle injury from any cause. 
 
 Wm. Mcintosh, Arran, Bruce: Fall wheat as.a whole appears to be ^^ove the average ta^ 
 every field, whatever the soil, it suffers more in small patches than m a general thinmng out. 
 ploughing up. ,. 1 1 1 J 
 
 wheat has not done as well as usual. , j i, x i, t 
 
 M. J. Norris, Eastnor, Bruce : Fall wheat in some places has been considerably damaged, but where it 
 
 has been sheltered it is very fair. 
 
 James Weatherhead, Lindsay, Brace : Fall wheat is good on all soils. 
 
10 
 
 Joseph M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : Fall wheat is uneven, parts of the field being very good, while 
 other parts are very thin and not very robust. Upon laud drained either naturally or artificially, the 
 wheat presents this year much the finest appearance. 
 
 W. H. Tree, St. Vincent, Grey: Pall wheat was not very much sown in this section last fall. In some 
 cases it is reported as looking well, while in other cases it has been ploughed up. 
 
 Robert Dunlop, St. Vincent, Grey : Fall wheat looks well. Not much injured by weather, except near 
 fences where snow lay in the spring. 
 
 George Clarke, Collingwood and Euphrasia, Grey : Generally poor, with occasional good fields ; heavy 
 clay best. Wheat looked well when the snow went away, but it has died away since for some reason which 
 I cannot explain. It may have been ice m winter that weakened the plant, and that the cold north-east winds, 
 of which we have had much, proved too trying for plants weakened by ice in winter. I think there will be 
 a large percentage ploughed up. 
 
 Geo. B. Briston, Osprey, Grey : Not very promising at present, especially on low and wet soils, but 
 there wiU be very little ploughed up. Ice did most of the injury. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : The general condition of fall wheat in this township is better than for 
 years past, both on clay and light soils^ No ploughing up. 
 
 John Black, Bentinck, Grey: Fall wheat in this township is below the average. It is looking pretty 
 well on light soil. When the snow disappeared it looked well but suffered badly afterwards by frost and 
 wet. No doubt a considerable quantity will be ploughed up. 
 
 George Buskin, Artemesia, Grey : Half a crop ; ice formed in parts of fields toward spring as solid as 
 plank and the wheat was killed. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : On high land well drained and land that was summer fallowed out 
 of sod the crop is good. About a quarter of the crop was injured by snow and ice and much is ploughed up 
 or will be. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : Very good ; best on well drained soil of any kind. There is no use 
 here in sowing fall wheat on land with a retentive sub-soil unless it be under-drained. 
 
 Henry Byers, Normanby, Grey : Rather poor, but no ploughing up. Wheat in this neighbourhood is 
 very patchy and looks very poer in a great many fields at present. It appears to be getting worse all the 
 time. 
 
 Jas. Shearer, Egremont, Grey : There is here and there a moderately good field, but the general appear- 
 ance is very patchy. Round tflfe fences where the snow lay deep and on sheltered spots it is aU good, and 
 also on high spots where it drifted bare. There was one day's heavy rain in February and another in March 
 and every depression was filled with water. It then froze hard at night in all these depressions. The 
 wheat is smothered out. No wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 Duncan McKenzie, Proton, Grey : Good ; never saw it look better. All the fall wheat here is on clay 
 loam. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Wheat is poor, and differs little on different soils., 
 
 Angus Bell, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Generally good, but best on high and light soils. Considerable 
 areas have been ploughed up and sown with other grains. 
 
 George Burrows, Sunnidale, Simcoe : Wheat is in a very bad condition having been killed out. A 
 great deal will be ploughed up. There was not sufficient snow to protect it last winter. 
 
 W. W. ColWell, Bssa, Simcoe : The worst for many years ; killed out to a great extent on aU soils. 
 Just a little is left along the fences and in sheltered places. I never saw so general a ploughing up. 
 
 James Robertson, Flos, Simcoe : Fall wheat a total failure on all kinds of soil. Ninety per cent, has 
 been ploughed up. 
 
 Jas. Farneyj Flos, Simcoe, There is not sufficient left for seed. Wheat land nearly all ploughed up 
 and re-seeded jvith wheat or oats. * 
 
 S. C. Montgomery, Tay, Simcoe : Fall wheat has been ploughed up or re-sown with spring wheat. Ice 
 and frost were the chief causes of destruction. 
 
 R. C. Hipwell, Medonte, Simcoe : A)most a total failure. About seven-eighths wiU be ploughed up. It 
 •ame from under the snow all right but the frost and cold winds completely killed it, except where sheltered 
 xjn the west and north by bush. 
 
 Thomas S. McLeod, Oro, Simcoe : Very bad ; killed out badly on all soils. It came out well when 
 the snow went off but has suffered severely since. More than two-thirds has been ploughed up, and what is 
 left will be very poor. ■ 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : Fall wheat is nearly all ploughed up. Some have left little patches 
 here and there through th^ fields. There is scarcely a field but has either been partly or altogether 
 ploughed up. 
 
 Basil R. Rowe, Orillia, Simcoe : There are very few pieces that will give one-third of a crop. 
 
 Arch. Thomson, Orillia and Matchedash, Simcoe : Fall wheat in this locality on dry sharp soil looks 
 well but on clay soils is poor and partly killed out with the ice and frosts in the spring. There are some 
 lelds ploughed up but to no great extent. 
 
 Charles Cross, Innisfil, Simcoe : The rain is damaging the wheat at present, as what is left is scalding. 
 Fully fifty per cent, has been ploughed up, and what is left is not more than half a crop, excepting in a few 
 fields that were protected by woods, and there the wheat crop is good. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Poorest crop in thirty years. In January the snow went off the 
 ■wheat ; very hard frost followed and no snow fell for some time. Then the wheat was well covered up till 
 
11 
 
 March ; came out well browned in the loaf but healthy at the roots. Owing to mild weather with heavy 
 laina the ground became very wet ; hard frost set in, ^with hot sun in the day time toward the end of 
 March, and killed the wheat out. A good many ploughed up from one to forty acres on some farms in this 
 part. Every farm has some wheat ploughed up, and there is not one-third to reap that was sown. 
 
 Thomas McCabe, Adjala, Simcoe : Not half a crop. On light land, not too rollmg, wheat is all that 
 could be desired, but on high rolling land where exposed it is badly winter-killed, and on heavy clay land, 
 'except where sheltered or well drained, it is very poor. Wheat was injured to some little extent. In some 
 localities it is as yellow as if ripe. 
 
 Christopher Cook, Teoumseth, Simcoe : Fall wheat in all the townships about here is badly winter- 
 killed. Two-thirds of the wheat area has been ploughed up and sown with oats and barley. 
 
 David Webster, Mesa, Middlesex : Below the average. Wheat is best on high, well-drained sandy 
 loam, and worst on low sandy land. 
 
 Harrison Thompson, Metcalfe, Middlesex : Some fields look well. Late sown wheat is very bad ; a 
 .good many pieces have to be ploughed up. 
 
 T. Beckton, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Fall wheat will be an average crop if nothing happens to injure it. 
 Wire worm has destroyed an eighth part. 
 
 James Alexander, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Generally looking well, though somewhat patchy. Late sown 
 wheat has a poor appearance. The half killed patches in my opinion were caused by the dry scorching 
 weather we had in March, but some think that the heavy snow in April and the dry hot weather that fol- 
 lowed were the causes. No ploughing up. 
 
 Andrew Sharp, Delaware, Middlesex : Poor generally ; best on light soiL Ice and frost have done 
 much harm. No ploughing up. 
 
 D. Leitch, Caradoc, Middlesex : One-third of the wheat has been badly winter-killed ; what remains 
 looks well. l4o fields have been ploughed up. 
 
 W.. T. Galloway, Adelaide, Middlesex : Bather poor ; a large area has been ploughed up. 
 
 John McLeish, West Williams, Middlesex : About half a crop. Much ploughing up. 
 
 W. Dawson, West Williams, Middlesex : Warm dry weather a few weeks ago has done harm. 
 
 Alex. Smith, McGillivray, Middlesex : A fair average. Some fields are spotted, but are daily improv- 
 ing. The promise is good on underdrained fields. 
 
 Wm. Wright, McGillivray. Middlesex : The hot spell in April did more harm than any of the winter 
 4>onditions. 
 
 Wm. Jamieson, Westminster, Middlesex : It is in good condition, but has suffered from dry weather. 
 
 John Dixon, West Nissouri, Middlesex : Very poor on all soils ; injured greatly by frost and rain and 
 an insect. Nearly one-third has been ploughed up. 
 
 W. liCe, West Nissouri, Middlesex : Looks tolerably well. None ploughed up. 
 
 Jas. Fisher, London, Middlesex : Some fine crops of wheat and some very bad ; on an average it is a 
 fine looking crop. The last snow storm spotted some very fine fields. None being ploughed up. 
 
 Henry Scott, London, Middlesex : On dry clay land or sandy soil it is very good and early, but on light 
 loamy soil and wet land it is very thin. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex: Some excellent fields, but many poor ones. The injury seems to have 
 laeen done by the rains and hot weather this spring, as it came out well from the winter. None ploughed up. 
 
 Richard JoUiffe, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Most of the fall wheat in our township looks well ; 
 (but late sown fields are poor. 
 
 Wm W. Revington, Biddulph, Middlesex : The fall wheat came out from under the snow about the 
 same as it went in last November. In this locality it is all that can be desired so far : to the north of here, 
 i have seen several fields badly injured by wire worm, but otherwise good. 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : As a rule it is rather light and patchy. 
 
 W. M Ryan, Dereham, Oxford : Fall wheat very thin in places ; on light soil it is good, on clay 
 poor ; growing fair at present. On wet ground the wire worm seems to have been working. 
 
 Alex McFarlane, Norwich (South), Oxford : Not very good ; on clay it is killed out worse than on 
 ;»and. The heavy snow of April 6th did injury. A little wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 M & W. Schell, East Oxford, Oxford : Hardly an average crop ; quite patchy, and in many places the 
 plant is small and weakly. Best on light or well drained soils, but has been injured by frosts in spring on 
 ^lay or wet land. Ice was very injurious during February and first of March, especially on low lying fields. 
 Tery little has been ploughed up. 
 
 Robert Leak, East Oxford, Oxford : All the harm was done by ice in midwinter. HUly fields are 
 much better than flat ones ; soil has not made much difference. 
 
 D S. Butterfield, North Norwich, Oxford : The wheat is not promising. Forty per cent", winter 
 killed. 
 
 Nicholas Smith, West Oxford, Oxford : About one-third of the area in wheat was winter killed, and its 
 Appearance on the opening of spring was poor, but it has since improved. 
 
 Jas Sifton North Oxford, Oxford: Except in rare cases it looks very poor; much was winter killed, 
 , buteve^y field n this vicinity 'is badly killed In spots by the ice. Some has been ploughed up, but not 
 «i»ch, people thinking that half a crop of wheat would pay better than anythmg else. 
 
 D. W. McKay, East Zorra, Oxford: A good crop, but killed out in spots on flat undramed soils. 
 
12 
 
 J. C. Ro?s, West Zorra, Oxford : A little below the average. The chief injury was by ice and frost, 
 and later by dry weather. ' 
 
 Donald H. McKay, Nissouri Bast, Oxford : The crop is very poor. Early sown wheat on fallows vnll 
 not average over half a crop. Fall rains did harm, and the Hessian fly is adding to the injury. Much 
 wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Very spotted ; large blanks in every field. Ice and snow have 
 caused the damage . 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : Fall wheat looks very promising on land naturally dry, but on low 
 land it is very poor. Probably a twentieth part of the crop has been injured by weather. Very little has 
 been ploughed up. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Very poor crop ; on sandy soils not one-half an average-, and on 
 clay only three-quarters. Ice in the beginning of March and continued wet weather since 1st April have 
 done much damage. 
 
 David Beamer, Burford, Brant : Fall wheat is generally poor. Ice and cold water lying on the surface 
 of the land have caused the damage. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : Present appearance not as promising as desirable, but since early 
 . spring every circumstance seems to favour the crop, and a very good yield may be harvested. Ho ploughing- 
 up. 
 
 James N. Smith, Oakland, Brant : The crop is bad ; nearly half of it has been killed, and m som» 
 places more than half. No wheat has been ploughed up in this Township. 
 
 William Douglas, Onondaga, Brant : Some well drained fields free from black soil never looked better, 
 but two-thirds of the crop is only " very middling." 
 
 James Spence, Blanshard, Perth : Not very good generally, except where sown early. Snow bankg 
 and melting snow and rain, freezing in low spots have done most of the injury. 
 
 A. M. Driver, Blanshard, Perth : Though injured a little by ice, the crop is better than the average. 
 
 R. Ballantyne & Son, Downie, Perth : In good condition on all land fit for wheat. 
 
 Thomas Steele, Downie, Perth : Very good ; above an average. It has been injured a little by rain on 
 low land, as the spring has been rather wet. 
 
 James Crerar, North Easthope, Perth : On dry land it is good, but on wet land rather poor. 
 
 D. McLean, Ellice, Perth : When the snow went off the wheat had a fine appearance, but heat and 
 rains in April changed its condition, and on heavy clay soils it became brown, spotted and decaying from 
 day to day until many fields have a sad appearance. 
 
 George Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Generally good in this tovraship, but it has suffered somewhat 
 from rain and the hot sun. An average crop is looked for. 
 
 Francis R. Hamilton, Hibbert, Perth : Wheat is very fair, but looked better when the snow went away. 
 No insect pests. 
 
 W. J. McLagan, Logan, Perth : Wheat is looking very fair ; too much rain in the past three weeks. 
 
 W. B. Treeborn, Mornington, Perth : Generally in fair condition. The crop has suffered on low 
 
 f round and on all clay soil which has not been underdrained by heavy rains, it having rained almost every 
 ay since April 24th, and the weather is still unsettled. 
 
 Thomas J. Knox, Elma, Perth : Early in April the wheat was good, but of late the rains have done a. 
 good deal of damage on low lands. Work is very backward. 
 
 .John Maguire, Wallace, Perth : Wheat not good generally — patchy. The crop has been going- 
 back ever since the hot weather of 15th to 23rd of April. I look for a crop of 12 to 15 bushels per acre. 
 
 Thomas Pa,ge, Wallace, Perth ; A good crop. No damage from winter weather or insects. No wheat 
 ploughed up this season. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Prospects are for a full average crop, except in low wet 
 land or where water lay in March. No ploughing up. 
 
 John Snyder, Wilmot, Waterloo : Fall wheat is generally fair, and well advanced. Ice has done most 
 damage ; an occasional field has suffered through worms. 
 
 . George Risk, Wilmot, Waterloo ; Wheat very patchy on all soils, owing probably to ice. I know of 
 only thirteen acres having been ploughed up. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : Very promising where not damaged in the winter ; all soils suffered 
 alike. The damage, which amounts to one-fourth the crop, was done by ice. Some fields have been 
 ploughed up and resown. 
 
 Isaac Groh, Waterloo, Waterloo : One-third of the crop is injured by ice freezing in hollows. 
 
 E. W. B. Snider, Woolwich, Waterloo : Not over sixty per cent, of an average crop ; the injury don* 
 was mostly by ice. Hardly any wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 George Bellinger, Wellesley, Waterloo : The crop is not very good. Soil has not affected appearances 
 which are ascribed to late rains. No wheat is being ploughed up. 
 
 William Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : Not in good condition generally. The crop has been injured 
 by ice, frosts and rain, and even by the late weather, and equally injured on all soils. 
 
 Thomas McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Fall wheat will be little over half a crop, from exposure during- 
 the winter, and especially on low grounds from too much water in spring. Portions have been ploughed up. 
 on low land, and possibly about one-third will be on wet land when it gets sufficiently dry for the- 
 work to be done. 
 
13 
 
 William Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Considerable damage has been done to wheat by late spring 
 rains and from smothering by ice covering. 
 
 Alexander Kerr, Pilkington, Wellington : Generally fair crop ; some fields very good, but low parts 
 are killed out by ice. More than the usual area of fall wheat has been sown. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : The best crop in this township for many years. 
 
 Robert A. Reed, Erin, Wellington : Fall wheat is not very good, spring rains drowned it out con- 
 siderable. ^ 
 
 John Rea, Eramosa, Wellington : A good crop. On wet land ten per cent, will be ploughed up. 
 
 John Strang, West Garafraxa, Wellington : Wheat looked well when the snow went away, but a great 
 deal of rain, with warm weather, has scalded it ; not much will be ploughed up, but the crop will be thin. 
 
 Harvey Cull, West Garafraxa, Wellington : About one-third has been ploughed up : crop uneven ; it 
 has gone back since early spring. 
 
 Wm. Segsworth, West Luther, Wellington : A good crop generally ; a few pieces sown late are being 
 ploughed up. 
 
 Matthew G. Varcoe, Amaranth, Dufterin : Fall wheat looks better this year than usual. 
 
 Geo. Bailey, Melancthon, Dufferin : A good crop on dry land, but on low lands drowned out. Very 
 little has been ploughed .up. 
 
 Thos. Gordon, East Luther, Dufferin : Fall wheat looks very well. 
 
 Wm. Dynes, Mono, DufiEerin : Fall wheat very poor ; about one-third will be ploughed up. There will 
 not be more than one-half crop. The wet spring has done much damage. 
 
 James Stull, Grantham, Lincoln : Fall wheat, not winter killed, looks remarkably well on the clay. 
 Much wheat was injured by frost. In places the early sown fall wheat on clay or loam was injured by the 
 wire or cut worm early in the fall. 
 
 S. O. Secord, Grantham, Lincoln : Very good crop ; but on clay some wheat is winter-killed. 
 Geo. Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : A good crop ; on red clay and sand very good. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln: Ten per cent, will average a full crop where the land is sheltered; 
 ■fifty per cent, half a crop, and forty per cent, one-fourth of a crop. Ice and alternate freezing and thawing 
 the chief causes of failure. No ploughing up, but some re-sowing of spring wheat. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, South Grimsby, Lincoln : The general condition is not very good— most fields con- 
 taining many bare spots. Ice and hard frost on bare ground caused the greatest part of the damage. 
 
 D. B. Rittenhouse, Louth, Lincoln : A very good crop ; better on heavy than on sandy soil ; injured 
 on the latter by April rain. No ploughing up. 
 
 E D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Kather poor ; about two-thirds a proper stand. The injury is 
 from winter-killing at the root or freezing to death, hence it is worse on light land. There has also been 
 too much wet this spring where land is not underdrained. None ploughed up. 
 
 W Ptolemy Binbrook, Wentworth : Where sheltered by woods wheat is in fine condition. From one- 
 third to one-half 'of late sown wheat is gone, on high land from frost, on low ground by the floods in spring. 
 Thos. Choate, Glandford, Wentworth : A good deal was winter-killed, but the crop is improving very 
 fast at present. Do not know of any ploughing up. 
 
 John Blasdell, Beverley, Wentworth : The wheat crop is not good. It was injured fully twenty-five 
 per cent, by frost and cold winds after the snow left. 
 
 Geo Allison Flamboro East, Wentworth : Fall wheat is in poor condition generally, but least on 
 sandy soil. Ice and frosts are the chief causes of injury. Some wheat has been ploughed up. 
 
 Wm McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Fall wheat not over three-fourths of the crop it was last year. 
 Too much rain for low or level land. Will be some ploughing up. 
 
 John Shaw, Esquesing, Halton : I think that the fall wheat will average this year only half a crop. 
 Wm McKay Toronto, Peel : Fall wheat a failure ; a few fields are fair. The injury was caused by 
 the severe cold wlien the ground was bare ; the wet is doing some damage now. About half the wheat has 
 been ploughed up ; more would but the land is too wet. 
 
 F. Sleightholm, Toronto Gore, Peel : Generally poor; little or none ploughed up. 
 
 John Jewitt Ohinguacousy, Peel : Very poor crop. About one-half should be ploughed up around 
 ' here ; but a half crop of fall wheat is generally better than a spnng crop. 
 
 Thomas Swinarton, Albion, Peel : I don't think it can average more than two-thirds of a crop under 
 the most favourable circumstances. Ice did harm. About five per cent, has been ploughed up. 
 
 Arch. McKinnon, Caledon, Peel: Fall wheat never escaped winter frost better. AU who sowed faU 
 ■wheat anticipate a heavy crop. 
 
 W. T. PattiUlo, Caledon, Peel : Considerably killed on low lands, but if nothmg mtervenes there will 
 
 almost be an average crop. • . ,■ n^, . . ^ 
 
 J D Evans Etobicoke, York: Not one good field of fall wheat m this township. Three-fourths of 
 
 ^he wheat ilploughed up, and what ie left !s miserable. I have never seen fall wheat so universally 
 
 ""'Tohn A. Paterson, Scarboro, York : Very bad ; nearly all killed by ice and frost. Ploughed up in this 
 locality. , , 
 
 George Elliott, Scarboro, York : Almost a total failure. ' Nine-tenths ploughed up. 
 
14 
 
 Samson Rennie, Markham, York : Fall wheat nearly all winter-killed. About five-sixtiis of the land', 
 re-sown with spring grain. 
 
 John Gibson, Markham, York : A total failure with very few exceptions. 
 
 Wm. H. Proctor, King, York : A poor crop. Nearly one-fourth has been ploughed up, and there will' 
 be more if the weather is not warmer and drier. There is a streak of land along the north side of King 
 which seems to be favoured. Travellers say it looks the best they have seen. 
 
 Jas. Wood, King, York : The acreage ploughed up is larger than has ever been known in this section 
 of country. 
 
 F. C. Sibbald, M.D., North Gwillimbury, York : A very bad crop, but growing nicely where not killed 
 during the winter. One-half has been ploughed up. 
 
 K. M. VanNorman, North Gwillimbury, York : There will not be more than one-third of a crop 
 throughout the township. 
 
 George Evans, Jr., Georgina, York : Very bad on level clay lands, almost completely killed: on sandy 
 soil, especially where lying to the south or in sheltered places, it is fair. Bare ground, with severe frost, 
 caused moat of the injury. Two-thirds ploughed up or re-sown. 
 
 Christian Nighswander, Pickering, Ontario : The poorest crop in my recollection. Nearly all ploughed 
 up, and what is left might as weU be. 
 
 Jas. Monkhouse, Pickering, Ontario : Nearly a total failure. Eight-tenths ploughed up and re-sown 
 with barley. Everywhere winter-killed, except on a small tract of newly cleared land. 
 
 Chas. Calder, Whitby, Ontario : At least one-third of the wheat ploughed up, and about one-half of 
 what is left will not be half a crop. ■ 
 
 James McCuUough, Jr., tJxbridge, Ontario : Nearly all killed, and ploughed it up for barley. The- 
 soil is mostly of a light loam, and want of shelter, the forests of early years being out dovra, seems to- 
 be the cause of failure. 
 
 John Foy, Scugog, Ontario : Very little grown. 
 
 John Christie, Reach, Ontario : A good crop. Very little injury from winter conditions. Best on. 
 loamy soils well sheltered from north-west winds. None ploughed up. 
 
 T. H. Glendinning, Brook, Ontario : On warm lands fall wheat is very good ; on heavy low lands some- 
 what damaged by snow and ice. Not much fall wheat has been sown in this township. 
 
 Benj. F. Browne, Thorah, Ontario : Fall wheat only middling. One-third ploughed up. 
 
 Jas. Leask, Scott, Ontario : Fall wheat does not look well, being killed out in spots by ice on flat land 
 and exposure to cold on high land. I have not seen a whole field ploughed up, but almost every fidd is sown 
 in patches. 
 
 Lafayette Weller, Scott, Ontario : A poor crop. Considerable spring wheat has been drilled in without 
 ploughing on th^e fall wheat. 
 
 John Johnston, Rama : Fall wheat is a pretty fair crop. 
 
 E. Lanigan, Mara, Ontario : A bad crop on low land ; where the snow ha? lain the longest it is the 
 best ; frost and rain in early spring did damage. A great part of the fall wheat land has been ploughed up 
 for spring crop. 
 
 Robert Momcey, Clarke, Durham : There has been no fall wheat sown in this township to any extent for 
 over twenty years. 
 
 John Foot, Hope, Durham : A good crop on all soils ; it has not sustained injury from any cause. 
 
 Abraham Morris, Cartwright, Durham : Fall wheat not very good ; but there has been very little sown. 
 
 Jas. Brock, Cavan, Durham : Some patches have been ploughed up, but on the whole faU wheat is a. 
 good crop. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : Fall wheat is in good condition, but is not much grown. 
 
 Piatt Hinman, Haldimand, Northumberland : Fall wheat has never been better in forty years. 
 
 Wm. Macklin, Haldimand, Northumberland : The winter and spring having been favourable for fall 
 wheat, it could not look better than it does. 
 
 Jas. Roberts,!Alnwick, Northumberland : Fall wheat good ; likely to be a fine crop. 
 ' Wm. Morton, Seymour, Northumberland : Fall wheat is an excellent crop. 
 
 A. E. Mallory,|M.D., Percy, Northumberland: Very good and well forward. Not at all injured 
 except on very low land, where the water covered the crop for a considerable time; but in this township- 
 fall wheat is not Ubually sovm on very low land. 
 
 Jas. Cooper, South Marysburg, Prince Edward : A good crop, but very little grown. 
 
 Geo. N. Rose, North Marysburg, Prince Edward : Fall wheat is looking well.' In some places the 
 leaves are turning^ yellow ; I thmk through some msect, but I do not think the damage -Hrill amount to- 
 anything. 
 
 E. 0. Losee, Athol, Prince Edward : Fall wheat wintered well. 
 
 J. C. Conger, Hallowell, Prince Edward : Fall wheat is generally good, having been well covered' 
 through the winter. 
 
 A. J. Brooks, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : A good crop. On high laud some winter-killed, but on 
 jow land it is very good. 
 
15 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : Fall wheat came through the winter well. 
 
 Sidney Barclay, Ops, Victoria : Seventy per cent, of an average crop ; was damaged by ice. About 
 ten per cent, has been ploughed up. 
 
 John Campbell, Jr., Mariposa, Victoria: A fair crop; about twenty-five per cent, injured by frosts 
 and ice. Very little has been ploughed up." 
 
 John Stewart, Verulam, Victoria : Fair crop, but on exposed ground a good deal damaged. 
 
 Nelson HeasUp, Bexley, Victoria : About one-fourth of the fall wheat was winter-killed. A few por- 
 tions of some fields nave been ploughed up. What stood the winter is doing very well. 
 
 Amos Hawkins, Kldon, Victoria : On the whole it never looked better, although not much sown. It 
 can never be grown to advantage here till the land is underdrained. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : Very good on dry or well drained lands, except on the tops of 
 hUls or where exposed to northwest winds. On wet or cold lands it is poor as usual. Much damage done 
 both by exposure and by deep snow. About twenty-five per cent, will be ploughed up. 
 
 F. Train, Somerville, Victoria, ; A good crop ; slightly injured by frost and ice. None ploughed up. 
 
 F. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterboro : Fall wheat is a very good crop. 
 
 M. Mclntyre, Monaghan North, Peterboro : Fall wheat looks very well. 
 
 John Lang, Otonabee, Peterboro : A good crop. Not one acre in twenty will be ploughed up. 
 
 John Garbutt, Smith, Peterboro : A good crop. None being ploughed up. 
 
 Porter Preston, Belmont, Peterboro : Fall wheat looks well. 
 
 Maurice Hartnett, Galway, Peterboro : Very little sown ; what there is is good. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterboro : Fall wheat is an excellent crop. 
 
 Hugh Caldwell, Chandos, Peterboro : In first class condition ; never saw it look better, but there is 
 only 147 acres in fall wheat in Burleigh, Anstruther and Chandos. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : There is very little fall wheat sown here, but what there is 
 looks remarkably well. 
 
 James Clare, Hungerford, Hastings : Pall wheat in this township has wintered well and has a great 
 growth this spring ; never saw a better prospect. 
 
 W . H. Chapman, Huntingdon, Hastings : Fall wheat is in good condition. 
 
 Thomas Walker, Rawdon, Hastings : A good crop : killed a little on low wet land. 
 
 Anson Lattar, Thurlow, Hastings : The general condition of fall wheat is very good. 
 
 Chas. Donaldson, Tudor, Hastings : Fall wheat is a good crop. 
 
 Geo. Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Good ; the best for some years. Good on all kinds of soils. It 
 has not been injured. 
 
 Wm. Watt, WoUaston, Hastings : Very little fall wheat was sown but what was sown looks well ; the 
 soil is sandy loam. 
 
 Darius Card, Bangor, Wicklow and McClure, Hastings : No fall wheat is sovra here. 
 
 Edward Byrne, Burgess, Lanark : Fall wheat is good but in some parts the tops of the hills were 
 frozen. 
 
 J. A. Zimmerman, Emestown, Lennox : Fall wheat is good. 
 
 John Sharp, Emestown, Lennox : The little fall wheat sown in this township is looking remarkably 
 well. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox : As a general thing fall wheat on all soils has wintered in fine con- 
 dition, suffering very little. 
 
 Leonard Wager, Sheflleld, Lennox and Addington : Fall wheat is extra good ; some low places injured 
 by wet. 
 
 Robert Cooke, Bedford, Frontenao : Fall wheat looks well ; best on low level land. 
 
 A. Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : Fall wheat is in a fair condition. It appears best on clay or sandy 
 soil. 
 
 D. J. Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : A small amount of fall wheat was sown last year; so far it 
 looks well. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Momington, Frontenac : General condition good, the best for a number of years, and 
 is equally good on all soils. 
 
 J. A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds : Fall wheat is looking well. 
 
 David York, Crosby South, Leeds and Grenville : Fall wheat is a good crop on all soils. 
 
 Albert Abbott, Elizabethtown, Leeds : Fall wheat is good, though injured in spots by ice. 
 
 H. C. Lynch, front of Escott, South Leeds : Fall wheat is not very good. 
 
 Hugh Hagan, North Crosby, Leeds : Fall wheat looks well. 
 
 WiUiam A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : Very good, but we grow very little of it. 
 
 John C. Stafford, rear of Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : Where sowed early it looks well. It is good 
 on sandy and loamy soils when sowed early, but on clay ground somewhat mjured by frost or ice, and i. 
 about half an average crop. 
 
16 
 
 Thomas I. Ellis, rear of Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : On sandy loam fall wheat is a splendid crop, 
 »nd on a mixture of clay and mUck very good. 
 
 Alexander Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : Very little fall wheat sown round here and what little 
 there is was injured by ice. 
 
 Alex. Farlinger, Williamsburg, Dundas: Fall wheat has done weU on clay and gravel soils, well 
 drained. 
 
 R. Vallance, Osnabruok, Stormont : Very little was sown in this locality, but what little I have seen 
 looks fair. 
 
 Thos. McDonell, Charlottenburgh, Glengarry : Fall wheat is generally good. 
 
 Jas. Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Fall wheat is to all appearance going to be a good crop. 
 
 N. J. Summerby. Russell, Russell : Very little fall wheat, but what there is looks well. 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton :< Very little sown ; it is a failure. 
 
 M. Robertson, Nepean, Carleton : Fall wheat is in fairly good condition, but mostly injured on some 
 soils by winter-killing and ice where unsheltered from winds. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : Not much f^U wheat is sown here, what was sown is greatly winter- 
 killed by ice and frost. 
 
 Benj. McKerracher, Bathurst, Lanark : A good deal of the fall wheat is killed on low ground 'by the 
 ice, some has been ploughed up. 
 
 John Gibson, Bathurst, Lanark : Fall wheat will average two-thirds of a crop. 
 
 Patrick Corley, Sherbrooke South, Lanark : Fall wheat looks well, better than for many years past. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : What little is sown is in good condition. 
 
 Wm. Brownlee, Dalhousie, Lanark : Fall wheat is pretty fair, but considerably winter-kUled. 
 
 Peter D. Campbell, Dnimmond, Lanark : Will be half a crop ; I have seen some pieces that are 
 sheltered from the north winds that look as well as I ever saw ; but where this is not the case it was killed 
 right out. 
 
 R. Harper, North Blmsley, Lanark : Fall wheat is generally good : patches of wheat and grass have 
 been killed. 
 
 Robert Lawson, jr., Lanark, Lanark : Not very good, will not average half a crop ; half -killed by frost 
 and ice. Very little will be ploughed up, as half a crop of fall wheat is considered as good as a full crop of 
 spring wheat. 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : Fall wheat is not good, it was frozen where the snow went off 
 early. Some farmers have all their wheat ground to plough up. 
 
 A. Wiancko, Morrison, Muskoka : A few acres have been tried, but were winter-killed as usual. 
 
 Moses McClelland, Ryde, Muskoka : A fair crop ; some of it has been ploughed up. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Fall wheat is excellent, but very little has been sown. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Fall wheat is looking well ; not much has been sown and that only 
 en light land. 
 
 WINTER RYE. 
 
 Winter rye is not a general crop in Ontario. In many counties it is found only in 
 isolated sections and in small patches, and is grown rather for pasturage and soiling than 
 for grain. In the western part of the Province Norfolk is the only county which pro- 
 duces it in large quantity, and even there it is confined chiefly to rolling land and light 
 soil. In central and eastern Ontario it is more largely produced, and in Northumberland, 
 Prince Edward, Hastings, Lennox and Addington, Leeds, Carleton, Eenfrew and Lanark 
 it is grown in large quantities, while York, Simcoe, Ontario, Durham, Peterborough, 
 Frontenac and Dundas devote a considerable area to its cultivation. In none of these 
 counties, however, can it be said that the cultivation of rye is general ; in almost every 
 county there are townships where the crop is unknown. Eye is apparently not growing 
 in popularity. The tone of the reports received by the Bureau indicates that though in 
 a few localities the acreage may have increased, in many more there is a marked falling 
 off from the average area of the past few years. The condition of the crop is almost 
 everywhere good ; almost the only exceptions of consequence being in a few localities in 
 Prince Edward and Northumberland, where winter-killing and lack of i drainage are 
 reported to have done some harm: In these counties, however, a large area is reported to 
 be in good condition. Strange to say the crop appears to have escaped the damaging 
 
17 
 
 effects of winter, ice and frost, which have so much affected the wheat crop. In very few 
 instances is any injury reported, and the present prospects are that the crop will prove to 
 be, in yield per acre, much above the average of recent years. 
 
 John Mehary, Houghton, Norfolk : There has been a considerable quantity of rye grown in this 
 locality and it is looking first-rate, better than it did last season at this time. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Rye looks well, and has stood the winter pretty well. 
 
 Herbert Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : Now and then a, piece is grown, but mostly for pasturing and 
 green manuring ; is very forward, but thin. 
 
 Jas. MeKnight, Windham, Norfolk: Not a large quantity is grown. It is looking well, and on dry 
 land it is very forward. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Some is grown on land not rich enough for wheat ; it is in fair 
 condition. 
 
 Alexander MoFarlane, Norwich South, Oxford : Rye is in fair condition. 
 
 James G. Pettit, East Oxford, Oxford : None is grown here except very small pieces for green fodder. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, "Waterloo : Very little has been sown this year, but it is in fair state at present. 
 
 William W. Findlay, Scarboro, York : Some is grown on light or sandy land ; it looks fairly good. 
 
 Peter A. Gibson, York, York : Very little is grown, except on poor sandy soils about Toronto and on 
 the ridges in Whitchurch. 
 
 James McCullough, Jr., Uxbridge, Ontario : Winter rye is grown in some parts of this township, but 
 not just in this section. To the east of us, where the soil is light and sandy, farmers grow it in considerable 
 quantities. It has been not nearly so much killed as fall wheat. 
 
 Robert Hodge, Clarke, Durham ; There is a considerable quantity of winter rye grown in the north- 
 east part of this township ; it is looking very fine, and has the appearance of fully an average crop or over. 
 
 A. E. Mallory, M.D., Percy, Northumberland : Rye is grown on sandy soil ; it is in exceedingly good 
 condition. 
 
 George Sanderson, Cramahe, Northumberland : Rye sown early last fall looks well ; late sown looks 
 poor. 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : Very little has been sown ; less than half of what is usual. 
 The condition is fair. 
 
 Wm. R. Dempsey, Ameliasburg, trince Edward : More rye is grown than wheat. It is in good condi- 
 tion excepting on very low land. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Not very much sown in my locality excepting on light 
 «oil ; it is in good average condition and healthy. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Penelon, Victoria : Farmers have almost abandoned rye, as it was not a paying 
 crop. What little there is looks well. 
 
 Hugh Caldwell, Chandos, Peterboro' : There is a good deal of rye sown, and it is in good condition. 
 
 Wm. Anderson, Belmont, Peterborough : This section of the country is adapted to rye growing. The 
 crop never looked better. 
 
 Dan. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : The rye crop is excellent. 
 
 Thomas Walker, Rawdon, Hastings : Rye is not grown to a great extent. It is in very good con- 
 dition. 
 
 F. Bosley, Anglesea, Addington : A considerable quantity of rye is grown ; it is in good condition. 
 
 Thomas Neal, Barrie, Frontenac : Winter rye promises to be a large crop in this locality ; its condition 
 ia good. 
 
 Robert Cooke, Bedford, Frontenac : A very small quantity is sown here ; it is in pretty good condition, 
 
 John Hamilton, Hinchinbrooke, Frontenac : There was not as much rye sown here as formerly ; what 
 there is looks well. 
 
 0. Chapman, Edwardsburg, Leeds : A large quantity of rye is grown ; it looks well. 
 
 John C. Stafford, rear of Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : Very little rye is grown here. 
 
 Alexander Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : Rye is about an average condition ; some fields are very 
 good indeed. 
 
 John Conn, Oxford, GrenviUe : About one-fourth the quantity of rye is grown, compared with the 
 average of the few past years. The condition of the crop is good. 
 
 John McRae, Roxborough, Stormont : A considerable quantity is grown in this locality ; its condition 
 is fair. 
 
 William Ferguson, Hawkesbury W., Preecott : Rye i|3 not much grown here ; what I have seen looks 
 ■well. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : Rye is a good crop, and not injured by the frost. 
 
 2 (M. K.) 
 
18 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton : The condition of the crop is good. A good deal has been 
 sown. 
 
 James E. Craig, North Gower, Carleton : Not much rye is sown ; where sown on high sandy soil it will 
 be up to the average. 
 
 William Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : Rye is largely sown on the light soils in this Township, and from 
 present appearance it promises to be a good crop. 
 
 F. Kosmack, Admaston, Renfrew : Some rye is grown, but not as much as formerly. The crop is good. 
 
 H. A. Shultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : A good deal of rye has been sown ; it is very good. 
 
 David Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : There has not been much rye sown the last few years ; what was sown 
 last fall came out well and is growing fast. 
 
 E. Chalmers, Montague, Lanark : There is very little rye this year ; the crop is in good condition. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Carling, Lanark : Rye is in good condition. 
 
 John HoUingworth, Watt, Muskoka : A little is grown and it is very promising. 
 
 James H. Osborne, Stephenson, Muskoka : Rye is splendid and forward. 
 
 Frederick N. Toye, Draper, Muskoka : The condition of the rye crop is very good. 
 
 CLOVER. 
 
 The reports on clover are generally favourable and the crop is at least two weeks 
 eatlier than last year. Clover of last year's seeding has been very little affected either 
 by winter or spring weather, but the clover on old meadows has been extensively injured 
 especially on undrained, low- lying, or heavy soils, by ice and frost-heaving. Some 
 correspondents say that in a great many cases frost-heaving of the clover in old meadows 
 is caused by farmers pasturing them too close and late in the fall, thus depriving the 
 roots of sufficient protection against winter and spring frosts. 
 
 W. E. Wagstaff, Gosfield, Essex : The clover crop has suffered to a considerable extent by winter-killing, 
 both new and old seeded meadows ; what is left will not be a full crop. 
 
 T. F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Clover crop good, and does not appear to be affected by wmter or 
 spring weather. 
 
 Geo. Leak, Rochester, Essex : Clover is looking well, th^ freezing weather in March injured it to some 
 extent, but it promises to be a good crop. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich East, Essex : What remains of the clover crop looks very well, but the 
 greater part was destroyed last winter by frost ; only a little here and there remains in a field. 
 
 Daniel Stuart, Tilbury West, Essex : The condition of the clover crop is good generally ; some fields 
 have been partly winter-killed, but the spring has been very favourable ; with timely showers there will be 
 a good crop. 
 
 R. H. WaddeU, Tilbury East, Kent : Last year's seeding all right. Clover of two years' standing has 
 sustained some injury, but that of more than two years' staudmg has been nearly all destroyed. 
 
 J. G. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : Last years seeding fair ; previous seeding nearly all killed by frost- 
 heaving in spring. 
 
 G. R. Langford, Camden, Kent : Some of the first crop is doing well, but some of the second season 
 clover has been heaved by frost. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : Clover looks only middling. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : Where the clover was heavy last year, it is now entirely killed 
 out ; but last years' sowing looks fair. 
 
 Thomas F. Routledge, Orford, Kent : New-seeded meadows look well, but in old meadows the clover 
 is nearly all dead. 
 
 L. E. Vogler, Zone, Kent : Clover good ; affected very little by the winter. 
 
 J. Hally, Aldborough, Elgin : Clover well advanced ; injured to some extent by frost, but continuance 
 of favourable weather will largely make up the loss. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwioh, Elgin : Owing to the midge there has not been much red clover sown. 
 Alsike clover has been extensively sown, looks remarkably well, and promises a large yield. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Clover was heaved out very much ; but meadows that had been 
 rolled are looking pretty well and are far advanced. 
 
 Geo. Russell, Yarmouth, Elgin : Clover looks splendid, heaved very little. 
 
19 
 
 J. W. Howey, Bayham, Elgin : Clover is looking splendid, only slightly affected by winter and spring 
 frosts. 
 
 Lewis Simpson, Dorchester South, Elgin : Clover ha? suffered severely by frost-heaving. 
 
 E. M. Cryeler, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Old clover badly killed ; young clover, last year's seeding, looks 
 very well. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, NorfoU: ; Promises well ; the early spring and frequent rains with the 
 advent of warmer weather bids fair to turn off a heavy crop. 
 
 H. J. Barber, Townsend, Norfolk : Clover was heaved up considerably, but the frequent warm rains 
 have helped very materially to restore it, and the prospect is good. 
 
 Robert Green, Windham, Norfolk : Newly seeded clover very good, except on low" land. Old meadow 
 clover pretty badly killed. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Clover is good generally, but killed by frost in exposed localities, 
 John H, Houser, Canborough, Haldimand : Clover is good ; not hurt to any extent. 
 
 V. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand : Last year's seeding is excellent : old meadows not so good. 
 Old clover partly killed by frost. 
 
 John Bradford, Dunn, Haldimand : The clover crop looks very promising ; the winter did not affect it. 
 
 Joel Misener, Moulton, Haldimand : Clover looks well ; it was not affected by the frosts of winter 
 and spring. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand : Clover crop not encouraging ; injured by same cause as winter 
 wheat. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Clover generally good, the frequent rains and warm weather caus- 
 ing great growth. 
 
 Robert Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : Young clover not much injured, but the old is very much dam- 
 aged by being winter-killed. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : Clover is in first-rate condition and has not been damaged in any way. 
 
 Daniel Near, Humberstone, Welland : The ayerage condition of clover is good ; not much injured in 
 winter. 
 
 S. H. Van Every, Pelham, Welland ! Clover is first-class and looking fine. 
 
 D. G. Holcomb, Thorold, Welland : The present ' appearance of clover is generally better than I have 
 ever seen it here. 
 
 John Misener, Wainfleet, Welland : Clover looks first-class where it was not pastured, but wherever 
 pastured it was badly killed by April snow. 
 
 H. H. Beam, Willoughby, Welland : Condition of clover crop A 1 ; we expect it to come out with flying 
 colours if not injured by the midge ; very little injury either by winter or spring weather. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Clover is in fair condition, it was slightly affected by winter frosts. 
 
 James LoveU, Brooke, Lambton : Clover of last year's seeding stood the winter well, but old meadows 
 were badly heaved out by frost. A good deal of the clover is destroyed by a grub that works just below the 
 surface of the ground. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Clover is very much injured, especially on flat lands ; it will not be 
 more than two-thirds of a crop. 
 
 Robert Montgomery, Enniskillen, Lambton : The'clover crop is very promising, and has suffered little 
 from winter or spring frosts. 
 
 Isaac Unsworth, Euphemia, Lambton : The clover crop is in bad condition ; it has been badly injured 
 by frost. 
 
 Silas MiUs, Moore, Lambton : Clover on newly seeded fields is in prime condition, but on old meadows 
 it has been vpinter-killed to a considerable extent. 
 
 George M. Everest, Plympton, Lambton: Clover is good for this locality ; the winter does not seem 
 to have affected it so, badly as usual. The remarkably fine spring has made tlie crop look wonderfully well. 
 
 B B Smart, Sarnia, Lambton : Last winter and spring have been hard on clover on undrained land ; 
 some fields were so heaved by frost that they might as weU be ploughed up. 
 
 J. B. Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : All the new fields of clover look well, but the old ones are heaved 
 and will not recover this season. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Clover generally is good ; it heaved with the spring frost m some spots. 
 
 George Hess, Hay, Huron : Clover looks very well; it received no injury by winter or spring weather. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howiok, Huron : The condition of the clover crop is good ; it was not affected by winter or 
 spring frosts to any extent. 
 
 John McMillan, Hullett, Huron : Clover is good ; it was not injured in winter or sprmg. 
 
 John Beattie, McKillop, Huron : The clover crop is good ; it wag not injuriously affected by wmter or 
 spring weather. 
 
 George Hood, Morris, Huron: We cannot count on clover here the second year; however, there has 
 been no heaving up this spring. . . , , • n j i. > 
 
 Hector Reid, Stanley, Huron: Clover is in very good condition ; it is looking well, and two weeks 
 earlier than last year. Old clover is heaved, but the new is all right. 
 
20 
 
 K. Ransford, Tuokersmith, Huron : Clover is good, in fact, over the average ; in exposed places the 
 young plants were injured by frost. 
 
 G. Fortune, Turnberry, Huron : The clover crop is in fine condition ; the frost in winter hurt it very 
 little, and there has been no frost since the snow went off to hurt it. 
 
 6. W. Holman, Usborne, Huron : The clover crop is apparently good ; it was heaved a little by spring 
 frost, but not injured to any extent. 
 
 Robert Currie, East Wawanosh, Huron : Clover is a fair average ; some has been winter-killed. 
 
 Edwin Gaunt. West Wawanosh, Huron : Clover is, in general, good, though some damage has been 
 done by spring frosts. 
 
 John Craig, Amabel, Bruce : Clover looks extremely well, and is growing nicely. 
 
 William Mcintosh, Arran, Bruce : Clover looks well ; no damage of any consequence has been sustained, 
 and it is well advanced in growth. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Clover was killed to some extent during the winter, particularly fresh 
 seeded, but what is left looks well and is in a forward state. 
 
 D. MoNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : Clover is good on clay soils and well forward in growth ; it was con- 
 siderably heaved by spring frosts on mucky land. 
 
 Thomas Wilson, Huron, Bruce : New clover looks well, but in old meadows it is badly heaved out. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : Clover was a little winter-killed, but not seriously ; it is very far 
 advanced in growth. 
 
 ■ James Weatherhead, Lindsay, Bruce : Clover looks well ; it has not been injured by winter or spring 
 weather. 
 
 Robert B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : Clover in general looks well, and is far advanced for the season. 
 
 Robert Carruthers, Artemesia, Grey : Clover has wintered well, better than for years ; some was heaved 
 in spring, but pasturing too close in the fall was the cause. 
 
 John Black, Bentinok, Grey : Clover looks well on light soil, but on heavy soil frost has done consider- 
 able mischief. 
 
 James Latter, CoUingwood, Grey : Clover looks pretty well ; some newly-sown fields appear to have 
 suffered from the winter. 
 
 James Shearer, Egremont, Grey : The clover has come through the winter and spring in good condition 
 on light land, but on flat and clayey land there are complaints of heaving. 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Some fields have been frozen or rotted, but there seems to be plenty of young 
 clover coming up to replace the old. 
 
 Alexander McPherson, Proton, Grey ; Clover looks well ; it was not affected to any extent by either 
 winter or spring weather. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : Clover is in a fair condition, though some complain that on clay lands it 
 has been damaged by winter frosts. 
 
 John McCabe, Adjala, Sinicoe : Clover looks well and is likely to be a good crop ; it was not much hurt 
 by winter or spring weather, unless in old fields. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Sinicoe : I do not notice or hear of any serious injury to clover, though I think it 
 must have suffered to some extent. 
 
 James Robertson, Flos, Simcoe : Clover that came out safe is very forward, but forty per cent, was 
 killed by heaving. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Simcoe : Young clover looks well ; small patches winter-killed on exposed knolls ; 
 old meadows badly winter-killed, except round the fences and in good shelter. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Clover on light soil is very fine, but on clay laJid it has been 
 affected by winter and spring weather. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : Clover nearly all gone, killed by frost in winter. 
 
 George Burrows, Sunnidale, Simcoe : Red clover where sheltered is not much injured ; some alaike fields 
 are killed out. 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : Clover has been killed out to some extent, particularly on heavy lands. 
 J. Grimason, Caradoc, Middlesex : Clover pretty good in general, excepting spots on heavy clay land 
 where it has been heaved out by the frost. 
 
 J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex : Fields seeded last spring have stood the winter and spring well, 
 but the second year's seeding has been heaved out. 
 
 Richard JoUiffe, North Dorchester, Middlesex : A great deal of clover has been lifted out by the frost, 
 but what remains looks well and forward. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : Last year's seeding is excellent. Some in the older meadows was 
 heaved by spring frost — not badly. 
 
 James Fisher, London, Middlesex : A magnificent crop ; it has- not been hurt to any extent yet. 
 
 Wm. Wright, McGillivray, Middlesex : Excellent. I never saw a better prospect for a clover crop ; 
 not injured by winter, and it has been pushed well forward by the genial spring. 
 
 Wm. Jamieson, Westminster, Middlesex : Very promising ; I see no defect from heaving out with 
 frost ; it has received no check or injury. 
 
21 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Young clover seems to have stood the winter well and looks beauti- 
 ful, but clover on old meadows was badly heaved by spring frosts. 
 
 John Henderson, East Nissouri, Oxford : Never saw clover look better at this season of the year — 
 spring frost did not hurt it. 
 
 M. & W. Sohell, East Oxford, Oxford : It has made a vigorous growth, and bids fair for a good crop ; 
 not seriously injured excepting on undrained soils. 
 
 Nicholas Smith, West Oxford, Oxford : Last year's seeding is good, but in the older meadows there is 
 very little left. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Clover is not very good — rather a poor catch last year ; it was 
 heaved and frozen out in winter and spring. 
 
 James N. Smith, Oakland, Brant : New clover is very good, but clover that ha% been cut once is nearly 
 all killed by dry weather in spring, and is little or no good at all. 
 
 D. McLean, EUioe, Perth : New clover fields seldom looked better at this season of the year, but in 
 two year old fields, the clover has been heaved out to a considerable extent. 
 
 John Carmichael, Hibbert, Perth : Clover generally looks well ; a few small patches, where the snow 
 was blown off in winter, was heaved out. 
 
 John Maguire, Wallace, Perth : Clover about as good as usual, excepting the first year. Red clover is 
 not expected to do any good here, it is generally all gone the second year. Alsike is likely to take the place 
 of the red. 
 
 William Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : I never saw it better ; very far advanced, and has not been 
 affected by winter or spring weather to mjure it. 
 
 J. W. Gilmour, Peel, Wellington : Clover in general is looking well, and from present appearance 
 promises to be a good crop. 
 
 R. Rennelson, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Excellent ; somewhat thinned in places during winter, but ^ 
 not materially injured. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : Clover is very promising and far advanced for the time of year ; it 
 was slightly damaged by ice in winter. 
 
 Matthew G. Varcoe, Amaranth, Dufferin : 'Clover appears in excellent condition, especially on early 
 land ; it received no injury from winter or spring weather. 
 
 ilobert Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : Clover is good ; it received no injury from winter or spring weather. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : The general appearance of clover is good, although in some of the old 
 fields it was thrown out where exposed and no snow to cover it. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, Grimsby South, Lincoln : The clover crop bids fair, to be good : has not been much 
 injured by winter or spring weather ; frozen to a slight extent m some localities. 
 
 T. A. Walker, Anoaster, Wentworth : Very uneven ; some good-looking pieces and some very poor. It 
 was hurt by the hard dry weather in March, speciaUy on those fields where itTiad been cropped too close in 
 the fall. 
 
 Geo. F. Lewis, Saltfleef, Wentworth : Last year's seeding excellent, but meadows of last year's cutting 
 were badly frozen. 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : The present appearance of the clover crop is exceUent; it was 
 very little injured by winter or spring weather. 
 
 Colin Campbell, Nassagaweya, Ha;lton: Never saw it better ; it is as thick as a ™at °" ^°y ^^^f?? 
 which there was a sufficient quantity of seed sown ; it escaped the winter frost and has- made great growth 
 this spring. 
 
 James H. Newlove, Albion, Peel : Clover generally is very good ; none killed except on very low 
 ground, where it was smottiered by ice. ^ 
 
 F. Sleightholm, Toronto Gore, Peel : First crop is very good, seldom if ever better ; the second year s 
 growth was somewhat killed out by the frosts and thaws of winter. 
 
 Thomas Scott, GwiUimbury, York ; Young clover has stood the winter weU and looks splendid; old 
 clover is badly killed. 
 
 George Elliott, Scarboro', York : New seeded fields of clover, where well sheltered in winter, look 
 well ; but old meadows nearly all killed out. 
 
 Peter Gibson, York, York : The last year's seeding looks well, but a great deal of the old clover was 
 killed or thrown out by spring frosts. 
 
 Philip McRae, Mara, Ontario : Clover sown last spring looks very well ; but that so™ previously was 
 all destroyed by spring frosts. • • ^ v, j 
 
 James McCuUough, TJxbridge, Ontario : From present appearances in this section, is gomg to be good ; 
 it has not been much damaged. ■ , i n 
 
 Wm. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Clover has come through the winter safely and looks well. 
 • John Foott, Hope, Durham : Good ; it has escaped all injury and is in a very forward condition. 
 
 Geo. Sanderson, Cramahe, Northumberland : Clover came through the winter well and is growing fast 
 on dry land, but slowly on wet land. , 
 
 A. E. Mallory, M.D., Percy, Northumberland: Very good; much above "the average; not mjured 
 at all. 
 
22 
 
 James Benson, Aineliasburg, Prince Edward : Clover has come through well ; especially does this hold 
 good with reference to new seeding ; the old is slightly injured. 
 
 Georgfe N. Rose, Marysburg North, Prince Edward : New seeding is fine, but old meadows are nearly 
 destroyed by the spring frosts heaving the clover out. 
 
 P. W. Miller, Kaladar, Lennox and Addington : Clover came through the winter in good condition, 
 and bids fair for a heavy crop. 
 
 C. R. Allison, Fredericksburg South, Lennox and Addington : The clover crop stood the winter and 
 spring well ; it looks splendid, and is fully three weeks further advanced than in 1885. 
 
 A. Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : Clover is as good as ever knovm ; it has not been damaged at all. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Clover looks well — not winter-killed ; everything indicates a 
 heavy crop this season. 
 
 Wm. A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds and GrenviUe : On drained land clover is excellent ; it wintered 
 well, and the spring has been very favourable to its growth. 
 
 ^ Alex. Farlinger, Williamsburg, Dundas : Clover is forward and promising ; it wintered well. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : Clover looks well ; it has not been injured to any great extent. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, Hawkesbury West, Prescott : It does not appear to have been injured much by the 
 winter, and looks as well as eter seen at this time. 
 
 T. M. Robertson, Napanee, Carleton : Clover on new meadows looks well and is making a fine growth : 
 not a bit hurt by winter and spring weather. 
 
 Joseph Kinder, Brudenell, Renfrew : Clover looks promising ; none of it winter-killed. 
 
 John Stewart, McNab, Renfrew : Well advanced for the season, and has stood thp winter well. 
 
 Theodore Wasmund, Raglan, Renfrew : The clover crop good ; not affected by winter or spring weather. 
 
 James Findlay, Westmeath, Renfrew : Clover looks remarkably well, and does not appear to have 
 1 suffered. 
 
 Robert Lawson, jun., Lanark, Lanark: Clover looks grand; it was not affected either by winter or 
 sprmg weather. 
 
 Peter Clarke, Montague, Lanark : Last year's seeding looks well, but old meadows are killed in spots 
 by water. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : Clover has a good healthy appearance ; it killed in very exposed 
 places, but not to any great extent. 
 
 John F. Cummings, Mariposa, Victoria : Clover is in moderately good condition ; very little injured. 
 F. Birdsall. Asphodel, Peterboro': New clover looks well and has not been thrown out by frosty the 
 old clover has been thrown out considerably on the low lands. 
 
 O. Anderson, Burleigh, etc., Peterboro' : The condition of the clover is good ; never saw it better. 
 
 John Maloney, Douro, Peterboro' : The clover crop is in splendid condition ; the winter has been very 
 favourable. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Splendid : does not seem to be injured much. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : Much better than last year ; it does not seem to have sus- 
 tained serious injury. 
 
 John Wilson, Dungaunon, Hastings : Very good ; no injury whatever. 
 
 Thomas Walker, Rawdon, Hastings : Best I ever saw; no injury. 
 
 J. C. Hanley. Tyendinaga, Hastings : Good ; not injured except in low undrained lands. 
 
 Fred N. Toye, Draper, Muskoka : Clover is forward, and looks well ; not injured by the weather. 
 
 Donald Grant, Monsk, Muskoka : Last year's sowing looks ivell, but on old meadows it is heaved to a 
 considerable extent. 
 
 James McDonald, Stephenson, Muskoka : Clover is good ; it has not been affected by winter or spring 
 weather. 
 
 Hugh Jackson, Humphrey, Parry Sound: Good; sotne slightly winter-killed. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Good, healthy and forward ; small patches here and there 
 remairited brown after other parts had become green, supposed to be due to ice lying on these parts under 
 the snow during part of the winter. 
 
 A. McNabb, Theasalon, Algoma : A good deal of land seeded down with clover last year had to be 
 ploughed up. 
 
 Charles A. Ferguson, Cameron, Algoma : Clover is in good condition ; not injured in any way. 
 
23 
 
 PROGRESS OF SPRING WORK. 
 
 Ploughing, for spring crops commenced from two to three weeks earlier than last 
 year, and seeding proportionately early ; but in some districts the work was delayed by 
 wet weather, especially on heavy clay and undrained lands in the lake shore counties 
 from Norfolk to Peel. In the northern and eastern counties the green appearance of 
 crops presents a striking and favourable contrast to their backward state last spring, and 
 for all parts of the Province the reports on spring wheat, barley, oats and pease are very 
 cheering. Apparently, however, the breadth of spring wheat is less than last year, while 
 that of pease and barley is greater. 
 
 Thomas B. White, Anderdon, Essex : Oats and barley are all in, and we are now preparingto plant corn. 
 Ploughing commenced about the 20th of April. 
 
 A. W. Wigle, Gosfield, Essex : Good progress has been made ; ploughing began early in April. Oats, 
 pease and barley are all looking well. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : Spring work is progressing well.. Ploughing began about the 20th, and 
 needing the last week, in April. Oats and pease the principal grains sown, are nearly all up at the present 
 date and look well. 
 
 A. W. Cohoe, Rochester, Essex : Seeding is nearly finished and planting well under way. Ploughing 
 began about the 20th of April. Oats, pease and barley are chiefly sown, but growth has been slow from lack 
 of rain. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich East, Essex : Splendid progress has been made since spring opened. Oats 
 are all sown and some corn too by this date, the 12th of May. Ploughing began about the 12th of April. 
 Oats, pease, very little spring wheat, and corn are sown and all show a first-class appearance. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Spring work is well advanced ; many are planting com ten to fifteen 
 days earlier than last year. Ploughing began about the 16th of April. Pease, oats and barley are very good. 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : Work is two weeks ahead of 1885 ; many are readjr to plant corn and 
 some have planted. Ploughing generally began about the 20th of April, but earlier on high land. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Nearly all the spring grain is sown and appears now in good condition. 
 Ploughing began about the 18th of April. Spring wheat, barley, oats and pease look well, but require ram. 
 
 Robert Cunmiings, Harwich, Kent: Spring work is progressing very favourably under very fine 
 weather. Ploughing began about the 10th. of April. Barley, oats and pease are.chiefly sown ; many fields 
 of oats are up and looking very fine. 
 
 Thomas Scane, Howard, Kent : Spring work is far advanced ; ploughing began in the latter part of 
 March and seeding about the middle of April. Oats, pease and a small amount of sprmg wheat are sown 
 and look promising. 
 
 J. Hally, Aldboro' Elgin : Spring work is very nearly finished. A heavy snowstorm on the 6th of May 
 delayed operations until the 10th, and seeding commenced about the 17th. Oats, pease and a small quantity 
 of spring wheat are sown. The face of the whole country never had a better appearance. 
 
 Dougald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Seeding is about done. On the lake shore ploughing and seed- 
 ing began as early as the 1st of AprU, but generaUy about the 15th of April. Sprmg wheat, barley, oats 
 and pease ire sown, and what is shown above the ground looks well. 
 
 L. M. Brown, Dorchester South, Elgin : Ploughing, and seeding began about the 15th of April. There 
 are plenty of pease and some oats yet to sow. 
 
 Charles Chute, Melahide, Elgin : Spring work about finished, except corn planting. Ploughing and 
 seeding began about the middle of April. Wheat and oats are chiefly sown. The sprmg crops are lookmg 
 fine. 
 
 J. W. Howey, Bayham, Elgin : Seeding is all done, except on low land. Pease, oats and some wheat 
 are the chief grams sown. All spring crops are looking well. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, Charlotteville, Norfolk: Spring work is well advanced on dry soils. Ploughing ani 
 seeding began about the latter part of April. Oats and pease are prmcipally sown. In some fields the gram 
 ia up and looking quite green. 
 
 D. C! Brady, Houghton, Norfolk : On sandy lands spring work is about finished, but on clay soils work 
 has been delayed by the rains. Ploughing and seeding began on sandy soils early in April. Pease, oats 
 and barley are the chief grams sown. ■ i u -i 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Seeding has been delayed, owing to the wet state of the soil, 
 although another w^k wUl finish in most cases. Ploughing commenced about the middle of April. Oats 
 and pease are the principal spring crops. 
 
 L. N. CoUver, Townsend, Norfolk : On the heavy soils very many farmers have ™ly "°3™<=f =««^: 
 ing on account of the continued heavy rains ; on the sandy soUs seeding is fimshed. Barley and oats have 
 been chiefly sown. „.iji.^ i an j 
 
 James McKnight. Windham, Norfolk : Spring sowingon the dry soils is finished, bu*°n low, flat land 
 the seeding is not yet done. Ploughing began about the 2pth and seeding about the 25th of AprU. Oats 
 »udpea8eSnthe8»ndy8oil8,withbarleyontheheavyland, are the chief grams sown. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Spring work is well advanced except on wet land. Ploughing 
 commenced about the middle of April. Oats and pease are up and looking weu. 
 
24 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : On light and sandy soils farmers are well advanced with spnng 
 work but are much retarded with wet on heavy lands, some not having sown any grain at all. Ploughmg 
 began about the 15th of April. Oats and pease look remarkably well for the time of the year. 
 
 V. Honsberger, Cayuga South, Haldimand : A considerable quantity of seeding still to be done on 
 account of wet weather. Ploughing and seeding began about the middle of April. Spring wheat, barley, 
 oats and pease are the chief grains sown. Spring wheat and oats sown before the wet weather look splendid, 
 but other grains are scarcely up. 
 
 John Bradford, Dunn, Haldimand : Spring seeding very nearly finished with the exception of pease. 
 Commenced seeding about the 20th of April. Spring crops look fair, but there has been too much rain in 
 general. 
 
 .Joel Misener, Moulton, Haldimand : Very little progress has been made on account of the wet season- 
 Ploughing began about the 25th of April. Spring wheat, barley and oats are sown. 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : Spring seeding and ploughing are very backward on account 
 ,of the rain. From present appearance spring grain will be a light crop. 
 
 Edwin Hoover, Rainham, Haldimand : Very slow progress through wet weather. Ploughing began 
 about the 15th of April. Oats, barley and spring wheat are sown, and the appearance of the crops is good. 
 
 P. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Spring work is about through, except the seedingof pease. Plough- 
 ing began about thfi last week in April. Oats, barley and some spring wheat have been sown, but wet 
 weather has somewhat retarded the crop at this date. 
 
 Wm. Hedges, Walpole, Haldimand : Spring seeding is almost finished, except some pease. Ploughing 
 began about the 20th April. Spring wheat, oats and barley are sown, and appear to be coming up nicely. 
 
 J. J. Sherk, Bertie, WeUand : Spring work ia well advanced. Oats, pease and spring wheat are chiefly 
 sown, and appear in a favourable condition just now. 
 
 J. A. Ramsden, Humberstone, WeUand : Very little progress has been made. Ploughing began about 
 two weeks ago, but on account of wet weather very little seeding has been done by this date (the 5th of May). 
 
 G. E. Robertson, Wainfleet, WeUand : Spring work is rather backward on account of rain. Ploughing 
 began about the last week of April. 
 
 H. H. Beam, WUloughby, WeUand : Farmers are nearly through seeding, but some have been delayed 
 through heavy rains on low lands. Ploughing began about the 19th of April. Oats, barley, pease, and a 
 small quantity of spring wheat are sown, and aU appear well. 
 
 W. 6. WiUoughby," Brooke, Lambton : Rapid progress has been made. Ploughing began about the 
 15th of AprU. Oats, pease and barley have been sown with very hopeful indications of a good crop. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Spring work ia finished, except corn planting. Ploughing began 
 about the ISth of April. Oata, barley, pease (and in a few cases spring wheat) have been sown. There was 
 favourable weather for spring seeding, but cold spells subsequently retarded growth. All crops, however, 
 are improving with the present genial weather. 
 
 James Watson, Moore, Lambton : Seeding nearly all over, with potatoes and corn yet to plant. Plough- 
 ing began about the 10th of AprU. Spring wheat, barley, pease and oats have been sown. The appearance 
 of the spring crop is at present very favourable, and vegetation is advancing rapidly. 
 
 D. S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Spring work is about finished. Ploughing began about the 
 12th and seeding about the 18th of April. Spring wheat, oats, barley and pease have been sown, the latter 
 more extensively than for a number of years. 
 
 A. A. Meyers, Sombra, Lambton : The spring sowing is nearly aU completed, expept perhaps pease and 
 corn. Seeding began generally about the 15th of April. Spring wheat, oata and barley have been chiefly 
 sown. The growth has not been rapid, although the weather is favourable ; the ground seems to be cold, 
 through lack of warm rains no doubt. 
 
 James Thompson, Warwick, Lambton : Spring work is two weeks in advance of last year. Ploughing 
 commenced about the first week in April and seeding about the 15th of the month. Spring wheat, barley, 
 pease and oats are chiefly sown. Crops look well at this date. 
 
 John Wright, Goderich, Huron : Spring seeding was finished in this aection about the end of April, 
 with the' exception of potatoes, mangels, etc. Pease, barley, oats, and a small amount of spring wheat are 
 the chief grains sown. The appearance of the spring crop is very fin.e at present. Ploughing began about 
 the 10th of April. 
 
 Wm. Spence, Grey, Huron ; Farmers are gettin^r pretty well through with their spring work. Plough- 
 ing and seeding began about the 15th of April. Spring crops are looking well at present. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howick, Huron : Ploughing commenced about the 12th of April and continued favourable 
 throughout, with but little breakage. On fall ploughing seeding commenced about the 17th ult. Wheat, 
 oats, pease and barley are chiefly sown. The appearance at present is good. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuokersmith, Huron : Nearly all the seeding \('as finished by the 1st of May. 
 Ploughing began about the 13th of April. Oats, pease, barley and spring wheat have been sown. Crops 
 'look well at present. 
 
 Frank Morley, Usborne, Huron ; The spring work is well advanced. Seeding is about finished, and 
 many farmers have begun to plant mangels, carrots and potatoes. Ploughing began about the 15th of ApriL 
 There is more pease and less spring wheat'than usual sown. All crops are looking well. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Spring work is well advanced, many farmers having finished seeding 
 grain. Ploughing began about the 17th of April. Oats, pease, barley, and a small quantity of spring wheat 
 are the chief grains sown. Crops now promise well, the weather being very favourable. 
 
25 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce ; Spring work is through, with the exception of root crops. Ploughing 
 commenced generally about the 16th of April. A few patches of spring wheat are sown, while oats and 
 barley in most places are nicely through the groimd. 
 
 J. B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce : Pair progress has been made. From the 14th to the 22nd there was 
 exceptionally fine weather, and good progress was made, but since then work-has been considerably retarded 
 by rain. Ploughing began about the 15th of April. Pease, oats, barley and spring wheat are chiefly sown. 
 Spring crops show a good appearance. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Seeding is nearly finished on well drained land, but much of the wet 
 land is still to sow. Ploughing began about the 15th of April. Pease, oats, barley, and a small amount of 
 spring wheat are the chief grains sown. The season is somewhat wet for rapid growth. 
 
 James Gaunt, Kinloss, Bruce : Spring work is well advanced. Ploughing began about the middle of 
 April. Barley, oats, pease, with a small amount of spring wheat, are the principal grains. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : Farmers are about through with seeding, except in parts of the town- 
 ship where land is low. Ploughing began about the 15th of April. Pease, oats and barley are chiefly sown. 
 About one-half of the fields are green and look well. 
 
 John McCallum, Bentinok, Grey: Spring work is well advanced. Ploughing commenced about the 
 second week in April, and the weather was warm and free from frosts. Spring wheat, pease, oats and' barley 
 are the chief grains sown. All kinds of' grain present a good appearance, and are springing up fast. 
 
 George Clark, Collingwood, Grey : Spring work is well advanced, and seeding is nearly completed. 
 Ploughing began about the 12th of April. Oats, pease, barley, and a small amount of spring wheat, are the 
 chief grains sown. 
 
 John S. Black, Glenelg, Grey : Seeding is nearly completed ; ploughing begSn about the first week in 
 April. Oats, barley, pease and spring wheat are the chief grains sown. The appearances are promising at 
 this date. 
 
 Joseph McArdle, Proton, Grey : Spring work is well advanced, but has been a little delayed by wet 
 weather. Ploughing commenced about the 14th of April. 
 
 W. H. Free, St. Vincent, Grey : Spring work is in a very advanced shape. Ploughing began about the 
 middle of April. Spring crops, so far, show signs of a very rapid growth. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : A large number of farmers have finished spring work, but the late rains 
 are delaying operations in low lands. Ploughing began about the second week in April. Oats, pease, and 
 a small quantity of spring wheat, are the chief grains sown. 
 
 W. W. Oolwell, Essa, Simcoe : Good progress has been made, except on low lying lands. Oats, pease, 
 and a large quantity of barley, has been sown. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Spring work is well advanced, but a few are still busy owing to wet 
 land. Ploughing and seeding began about the 20th of April. A great amount of barley, oats and pease 
 have been sown, but very little spring wheat. 
 
 Angus Bell, Nottawasai?a, Simcoe : Great progress has been made with spring work. Ploughing and 
 seeding commenced about the 20th of April. Wheat, oats and pease are chiefly sown; and they make a gooa 
 flourishing appearance. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : The weather has been favourable, ^nd spring work has advanced rapidly. 
 Seeding began about the 15th of April. Pease, oats, barley and spring wheat are the gram mostly sown, 
 and all look well. 
 
 Christopher Cooke, Tecumseth, Simcoe : On high and loamy soil farmers have finished sowing, but on 
 flat clay land a good deal is to be done yet. Spring crops all look well. Spring wheat, oats and barley are 
 chiefly sown. 
 
 W. T>. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : The seeding of the grain crop is completed. Ploughing began 
 
 about the 10th of April. Spring wheat, oats, pease and barley were got m early, and are coming up mceiy. 
 
 ' J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex : Most of the seeding is finished and many are preparing to plant. 
 
 Ploughing commenced about the middle of AprU. Spring wheat, oats and barley are chiefly sown, ana all 
 
 crops look very well. 
 
 James Alexander, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Spring work is just about finished. Ploughing and seeding 
 began about the 16th of April, but on sandy soils a few days earlier. Oats, pease, a small amount ol spring 
 wheat and barley are the chief grains sown. All the spring grain has a fine appearance. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : Seeding is about finished and farmers ^re preparing to plant Ploughing 
 commenced about the 10th and seeding on tlie 15th April. Oats and pease form the bulk of spring grams 
 put in, with spring wheat and barley to a limited extent. All have come up well. 
 
 tion 
 
 Uuliic i-j^..^..^^ .. J u 
 
 in fine trim we may naturally expect the crop to be good. -di i,- 
 
 N. McTaggart, Williams E., Middlesex : Spring work is all finished except some planting J^lWinf 
 
 began about thi mi'ddle of April. Wheat, barley, pease and oats are the chief grams sown, and at this date 
 
 show a fine appearance. / , , • i • i_ j j i ■ 
 
 Thos. Baird, Blandford, Oxford: Spring work is well forward, where *>?« J^"^ is high and dry ^^^^^ 
 
 nearly completed, but on heavy clay soil very little has been done. ^1°"^^^°^ ^TTroear remarkaW^ 
 
 of April. The pnncipal grains sown are spring wheat, barley, pease and oats ; all appear remarKamy 
 
 healthy and forward at this time of the year. 
 
 M. and W. Schell, East Oxford, Oxford: Spring work, is well advanced Ploughm^^^^^^^ about the 
 
 20th of April. Oats, barley and pease are sow. The gram first seeded is coming up nicely. 
 
26 
 
 John Henderson, Nisaouri E., Oxford: Ploughing and seeding began about the middle of Apnl and 
 toost of the people are finished about the 1st of May. Spring wheat, oats and barley are mostly sown, and 
 all looks well. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Very little progress on clay land on account of continued wet 
 weather. On sandy land ploughing began about the 18th of April. Barley, oats and pease have been sown, 
 but only on light land has there been an appearance. 
 
 Thos. Lunn, Oakland, Brant : Very little progress has been made with spring work on heavy lands. 
 Ploughing began the latter part of April. Barley, oats and spring wheat have been sown. 
 
 John Campbell, Blanshard, Perth : Spring work is nearly finished. Ploughing began about the 10th of 
 April. Barley, pease, oats, and a small amount of spring wheat are sown. All spring grains look well at 
 this date. 
 
 R. Francis, FuUarton, Perth : A great many have finished seeding, but some flat land is yet to be 
 seeded. Oats and barley are the principal grains. So much spring wheat was blighted last year that far- 
 mers have not risked much again. 
 
 Thos. Maguire, Wallace, Perth : Spring work nearly finished. Ploughing began about the 20th of 
 April. Pease, oats, barley and spring wheat are the chief grains. All the sowing done previous to the 23rd 
 of April is unusually advanced, but since that date there has been too much rain, although the grain sprouts 
 and grows fast, the weather being wet and warm. 
 
 , James Kennedy, Garafraxa W., Wellington : Spring work somewhat retarded on account of wet 
 weather. Ploughing began about the middle of April. Wheat, oats and barley are sown. 
 
 Thos. McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Work on dry lands is about finished and on low wet lands scarcely 
 begun. Ploughing- began about the 15th of April on dry land, and seeding also earlier than usual. Pease, 
 oaos, barley, and some spring wheat are chiefly sown. > 
 
 Alex. Kerr, Pilkington, Wellington : Nearly all the high or light land is seeded. Ploughing com- 
 menced about the 15th April. The heavy land is very wet this spring, and a ^ood amount is not fit to 
 cultivate yet. Oats, pease, barley, and a small amount of spring wheat are the principal crops. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Seeding is nearly finished except on wet land. Barley, pease and 
 oats are chiefly sown. 
 
 Edward Halter, Waterloo, Waterloo : Spring work is much retarded on account of rain. On high and 
 dry laud the seeding is finished and the crops above ground, but on heavy land very little is done. 
 
 Hu|fh McDougall, Luther E., Dufferin: Work is rather backward on account of continued rains. 
 Ploughing commenced about the 20th of April, Whea,t, oats and pease are sown. 
 
 ' Wm. Dynes, Mono, Duflferin : Seeding is nearly finished except on low ground. Ploughing began about 
 the 20th of April. Oats, barley, pease and spring wheat are the principal grains sown. 
 
 John H, Lindeburg, Clinton, Lincoln : Spring work has progrressed very slowly. Fall ploughing has 
 been seeded. Oats, pease and barley are the chief grains. 
 
 J. R. Snure, Louth, Lincoln : Very little progress has been made on account of wet weather. The 
 greater number of farmers have not begun to plough yet. 
 
 J. Bremner, Flamboro' E., Wentworth : There was good progress made at first, but owing to the heavy 
 falls of rain lately, farming operations hav^ been much retarded. Ploughing began about the 1st of May. 
 
 Geo. F. Lewis, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Very little sown yet owing to wet weather ; just as the ground 
 gets in order rain comes. Farmers plough when possible, but ground is too wet generally, 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Those who are fortunate enough to have all high land are 
 through seeding, but those who have low or level land cannot get to work on account of the continued heavy 
 rains. Ploughing b^an about the 20th of April. Barley, pease and oats are mostly sown. 
 
 W. T. Pattullo, Caledon, Peel : A few farmers are about through, but many are retarded by the wet 
 weather. Ploughing commenced in favourable places about the 25tn of April. Barley, pease and oats are 
 chiefly sown. 
 
 John Jewitt, Chinguacousy, Peel : Those on high land have made good progress, but on low land the 
 work has been much retarded by wet. Ploughing began the latter part of April. Barley, oats and pease 
 are the principal grains. 
 
 Wm. W. Findlay, Scarboro', York : Fanners are nearly finished except on low land. Ploughing began 
 about the 19th of April. Barley, oats, pease and some wheat are sown. 
 
 John Gibson, Markham, York : Good progress has been made, especially on well drained lands. 
 Ploughing began about the 17th of April. A heavy rain on the 24th and 27tn delayed seeding for a few 
 days, but on the whole the weather has been favourable. This is one of the seasons showing the great benefit 
 of well drained land. 
 
 D. Fotheringham, North York : Spring work is wfeU forward, though the ground has not dried out aa 
 fast as usual, and recent rains have continued this state. Ploughing began about the middle of April. 
 Fields are green and look encouraging. ' 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : The greater number of farmers are through seeding. Ploughing 
 began ahout the 18th of April. Spring wheat, barley and pease are sown. 
 
 James Graham, Sougog, Ontario : Spring work is nearly finished. Ploughing began about thp 15th of 
 April. ~ Wheat, barley, pease and oats are the principal grains. The great bulk of the crop shows a good 
 braird. 
 
 Robt. Colville, Clarke, Durham : On dry farms seeding is finished, and in some cases planting, and 
 where low and wet they are well advanced in seedinig. Ploughing began about the 20th of April. Spring 
 wheat, barley, oats and pease are sowU; and where they are above ground look healthy. 
 
27 
 
 Wm. Lucas, Cartwright, Durham : Spring work is well forward. Ploughing commenced about the 
 14th of April. The grains chiefly sown are spring wheat, barley and oats. 
 
 Wm. Maoklin, Haldimand, Northumberland : Work is about finished, except on some low lands which 
 are yet too wet. Wheat, barley and pease are the chief grains. The progress of growth is very good. 
 
 A. E. Mallory, M.D., Percy, Northumberland : Work is well forward ; highland all sown. Ploughing 
 began the last week in April. Wheat, pease and barley are principally sown. Some fields look quite green. 
 
 Geo. N. Hose, Marysburgh N., Prince Edward : Good progress has been made. The weather being 
 favourable the last few weeks, land, except heavy clay, worked fine. Ploughing began about the 17th of, 
 April. Barley, pease, oats and some wheat have been sown. 
 
 John A. Jackson, Eldon, Victoria : Spring has opened earlier than usual. Some farmers are quite 
 through grain seeding, and most of them are nearly through. Ploughing began about the middle of April. 
 Barley, oats, pease, spring wheat are sown, and all look well. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterborough : First class progress has been made ; some are almost through a* 
 this date, especially on dry or well drained lands. Barley, pease, oats and spring wheat are sown. The 
 first sown grain can be seen green a mile distant. 
 
 J. M. Drummond, Otouabee, Peterborough : Seeding is well forward. Ploughing began about the 15th 
 of April. All grains are looking well. 
 
 J. C. Hartley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Seeding is about finished. Ploughing began about the 19th of 
 April. Barley, oats and pease are the principal grains. All are growing nicely. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : Spring work is well forward. Some ploughing done as early 
 as the 15th of April. Oats, pease and spring wheat are chiefly sown. The appearance is promismg. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernestown, Lennox and Addington : Spring work is well advanced. Ploughing and seed- 
 ing commenced generally about the 24th of April. Barley, oats, pease and some spring wheat are the grams 
 -sown. 
 
 C. R. Allison, Fredericksburg S., Lennox and Addington : Spring work is far advanced. Sowing com- 
 menced about the middle of April. Barley is the principal grain sown. 
 
 Thomas Neal, Barrie, Frontenac : Good progress has been made with spring work. Ploughing com- 
 menced about the 15th of April. Pease and oats are chiefly sown. 
 
 S. Edgar, Kitley, Leeds and Grenville : Spring work is unusually far advanced. Ploughing commenced 
 -about the middle of April. Oats, pease and barley are sown, and show a very good appearance. 
 
 George C. Tracey, Williamsburg, Dundas : Very considerable progress has been made, but lately rains 
 have checked operations. Ploughing commenced about the 26th of April. Pease, oats and wheat are 
 chiefly sown. 
 
 Robert Vallance, Osnabruck, Stormont : Work is well advanced. Ploughing began the last week in 
 April. Wheat, oats and mixed grains for feeding are chiefly sown. 
 
 A. M. Campbell, Kenyon, Glengarry : Farmers are nearly finished. Ploughing began about the 20th 
 of April. Oats, pease and wheat are sown. 
 
 Paul Labrosse, Hawkesbury E. , Prescott : The spring work is very nearly over. Ploughing commenced 
 jkbout the 20th of April. Oats, pease, barley and wheat are sown. 
 
 Alfred Hill, Cumberland, Russell : Spring work is well advanced. Ploughing and seeding began about 
 the middle of April. Oats, pease and wheat have been sown. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : Good progress has been made with spring work. Ploughing com- 
 menced about tie 22nd of April on high lands and about the 1st of May on low lands. Oats, pease and 
 wheat have been sown. The early sown seed has a good appearance. 
 
 Wm. Hawkins, Jr., Stafford. Renfrew : Farmers are weU advanced with spring work. J'^oVS^'^S.'^f*" 
 jibout the last weeic in AprU. tease, oats and wheat have been sown. All look well, but in most cases 
 grain is not above ground. 
 
 Patrick Corley, Sherbrooke, Lanark : Spring work is far advanced for the seasbn. Ploughing com- 
 menced about the 20th of April, (^rops look well around here. 
 
 Gavin Hamilton, Ramsay, Lanark : Very good progress has been made ; the «««^ing is finished on some 
 farms a very unusual thing for this part of the country at this date. Ploughing began about the mhot 
 S Oats'; pease, barley and wheat are sown. The first sowing is well through the ground and has afine 
 appearance. u- u i a 
 
 JohnHoUingsworth, Watt, Muskoka: Seeding is about finished. Ploughing began on h'gh landoi- 
 lieht sSlslbout the middle of A-pril, but on low lands a week or ten days later. Pease, oats, s. me rye and 
 wfeat are town! ThTearlLst sown fields of pease and oats are now well up. and the ground is begmning to 
 look green and promising. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monck, Muskoka: The majority have finished, but a °"™ber have to wait until^^^^ 
 water goes down. tLc spring has been unusually dry and early. Ploughmg began about the 27th of April. 
 Oats and pease are the chief grains. ,. . , 
 
 principal grains sown. 
 
28 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Live stock have generally wintered well; fodder having been abundant, the season 
 short, and disease not exceptionally prevalent. 
 
 Horses are less affected by inclement weather than other farm animals, being almost 
 invariably well housed and cared for, so that as long as there is a sufficient quantity and 
 variety of food, and disease is absent, they do well. Excepting in a few localities in the 
 eastern counties, where oats were rather scarce, and in a few isolated places throughout 
 the Province where hay was of poor quality owing to improper curing, there was no lack 
 in regard to food. Disease has been present over a wide territory, yet it has neither 
 been general nor severe. Glanders is reported in two townships in Renfrew, but the 
 Province as a whole is exceptionally free from this disease. A correspondent in Horton 
 township states that several men have taken it, one of whom has died. An epidemic 
 variously described by correspondents as epizootic, pink-eye and distemper prevailed 
 during the winter in isolated sections throughout the Province, and appears to have 
 been very common in Maldimand and in. many of the counties from Peel westward. In 
 the west it was generally of a very mild character, but is reported as being very severe 
 in parts of York, Ontario and the eastern counties. It 'still lingers in some localities, 
 especially in the east, and in various parts of Lanark and neighbouring counties a consid- 
 erable number of animals have died, and many others are left in a rather poor condition. 
 Horses in the eastern counties have also suffered from strangles, which correspondents 
 in Renfrew, Lanark, Carleton and Russell report as very severe and quite common, and 
 as materially lowering the condition of the horses. Nevertheless, the eastern counties 
 generally, as well as nearly all the other counties of the Province, report horses as being 
 in very good condition. In York, they are not up to the average form. 
 
 Sheep with very rare exceptions wintered well, and the general tenor of the reports 
 indicates that lambs are unusually plentiful and are in thriving condition. In many 
 localities, however, a large decrease in the number of flocks is reported, wool being too low 
 in price to make farmers care about sheep-raising. 
 
 Pigs likewise are reported to be in good condition. Hog cholera, which has been 
 very prevalent in the western States, has obtained but little hold in Canada. An 
 epidemic prevailed in the fall and winter in Essex, but even there it was not general. In 
 Anderdon, Sandwich Easb and Sandwich West the disease was general, and thousands of 
 pigs died. It has greatly abated since midwinter, but has not yet disappeared from 
 these townships. The disease also prevailed near Brantford, but it has been stamped out 
 there. A few cases are also reported as having occurred in Dorchester and West Nissouri, 
 in Middlesex, and in the township of North Oxford, in the county of Oxford. 
 
 Cattle in nearly every county are reported as generally in good condition , some 
 correspondents say they never came out of the winter better. But even in the counties 
 where reports indicate a generally satisfactory condition there are many localities where 
 the cattle, though healthy, are a little thin in flesh. " A little thin " best describes 
 their condition in Norfolk, Haldimand, and most of the West Midland counties, 
 as well as in many of the counties northward and eastward. In Wellington, where 
 stock-raising has long been a leading agricultural industry, cattle are reported as 
 in very good condition, while from Waterloo also the reports are eminently satis- 
 factory. That so many animals are a little thin in flesh is due beyond doubt to lack 
 of shelter from the very changeable character of the winter, which in all its character- 
 istics, excepting length, has been a trying one to unhoused cattle. In western Ontario 
 disease has been almost unknown. In Northumberland, Prince Edward, Lennox, 
 Dundas and several other counties in eastern Ontario much loss of cows and calves 
 during parturition is reported from isolated localities. Symptoms varied.; amongst them 
 were abortion, inflammation of the udder and weakness of the limbs, though all of these 
 do not appear to have been common in any single district. Abortion and milk fever 
 were caused not improbably by unwholesome fodder. The trouble seems in some sections 
 to have assumed an epidt-raic form, but its wide prevalence is not inconsistent with the 
 theory that it was due to local cauaes. 
 
29 
 
 Fodderhas generally been abundant. In nearly all of the Lake Erie and Midland 
 countiies, and in Lennox and most of the eastern counties a fair surplus has been left 
 beyond what has been sold to American markets. Elsewhere with few exceptions there 
 has been sufficient for the needs of the stock, though in some counties had the winter 
 season been a month longer there would have been scarcity. Here and there from local 
 causes, such as drought, grasshoppers, and failure to secure hay except in poor condition, 
 fodder has been a little short. In north-eastern Simcoe, and in Stephenson, in Muskoka, 
 hay was very scarce ; in the former district, however, the lack was supplied from the 
 abundance of Yictoria county. In Brant, York, Ontario and Renfrew there was scarcely 
 enough, but the deficiency was too slight to affect the stock seriously. Hay sold at 
 comparatively moderate prices. In Sarnia market all winter it is said to have sold at $6 
 to f8 per ton, while in Welland and in parts of Grey the general price was about $10. 
 The highest price mentioned by any correspondent is $14, which was the winter price in 
 Innisfil, in Simcoe county, but the price there has lately been only |10. A Prince 
 Edward correspondent reports the price to be $7, and a Norfolk farmer $6 to |8, but 
 generally correspondents report prices as varying from $8 to $10 per ton. In Frontenac, 
 where hay sold in the spring of 1885 for $20 to $22, it is now selling for $8 to $10 per 
 ton. The Province generally will have a fair surplus of hay left over. Low prices have 
 led farmers in not a few localities to feed grain in unusual quantity. The pastures 
 which are from two days to a month under straw in the last two years, hav& proved 
 generally of much benefit to farmers, though in some instances where fodder was scarce 
 cattle have lost fiesh by being turned out before the grass was sufficiently advanced to 
 furnish nutritive food. 
 
 Wm. McCormiok, Pelee Island, Essex : Live Stock, excepting cattle which are thin, are in good condi- 
 tion ; they have had plenty- of fodder, and have been free from disease. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich East, Essex : All kinds of live stock have done well except unsheltered 
 cattle. Hog cholera has destroyed thousands of pigs ; some farmers have had as many as forty and Mty 
 destroyed ; whenever the disease broke out in a herd every animal was sure to die unless removed. More 
 than sufficient fodder for two winter months is left. 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : The latter part of winter was very trying. Some isolated cases of 
 hog cliolera still occur. There is plenty of hay and fodder. 
 
 r-1Arthur J. Arner, Gosfield, Essex : Live stock generally look well. Working horses are in fine condition 
 l^rood mares and young horses are doing ven. well. Catt e are well shed of t^ei^r winter coats ai^d are 
 doinff finelv owing to the abundance of grass and the fine weather. Pigs have not been highly fed owing: to 
 fr?f SranVconsequently are not in excellent ordfer. The pla^e has done great damage inadpining 
 townships but our own township has suffered little, except in an indirect way of materially lessening the 
 number kept- There is a superabundance of fodder of all kinds except corn stalks, 
 
 T. h\ Kane, Maidstone, Essex: Horses and pigs are in very good condition; also cattle generally ; 
 Sheep are doing fairly. There has been no disease since the hog plague in one locality last summer and 
 fall. There is abundance of fodder and to spare. 
 
 Denis Rocheleau, Sandwich West, Essex: Horses, cattle and sheep are in good condition. Pigs are 
 still dying from the disease prevalent last year. 
 
 Georee Green Chatham, Kent : Live stock in fair condition with few exceptions. Quite a nranber of 
 horsesZve dfed some from 'distemper, others from neglect after foaling Store cattle are thin m flesh but 
 Shy Sheep Ce borne through remarkably well and have produced a prolific crop of lambs. 
 
 John Tissiman, Raleigh, Kent : Live stock in good condition ; plenty of fodder and no disease. I have - 
 not heard of a single case of hog cholera. 
 
 Thomas Scane, Howard, Kent: Horses and sheep are in good condition; cattle and hogs fair. An 
 epizooticTsease h^ appeared amongst horses in some places, but is not serious. 
 
 ™, T^ r. ii J r> c^^A Tr«.„f . All IiVb Btnck look well. There has been no disease amongst 
 
 them'i'ar/Sl^e^rsVeSV^^^^^^^^^^^^ w^L the grass is nearly a month earlier than in 
 
 recent «^^^°°^^j^^^^^^j^^ ^^^^ ._ ^j^^ ^^^^^ ;„ f^^ e„„dition ; no disease. There has been an abundance 
 
 ''''Gl'rge Russell, Yarmouth, Elgin : Live stock in good condition. A few cases of distemper among 
 horses; several fatal. Any quantity of fodder. .„„% „,.fl„ 
 
 are^^tS^V^^'^^^ufc^r^r ^^J^^^A^^^^ 
 A. N. Simmons, Middlesex, Norfolk: J^^e stock have^otc^^^^^ IZ^^A^'^JTs 
 
 Staid S^:eZ'^^:!^'^rTf^^^^:^^ Z^^e^y'iSCo. in conUn. 
 
30 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk: The low price of grain induced many farmers to feed it on th& 
 farm, and stock of all kinds are looking better than in former years. There is a surplus of hay and coarse 
 grain ; hay is worth only about $6 to $8, two months ago it was selling for $10 to $12 per ton. 
 
 S. W. Hornibrook, Dunn, Haldimand : Live stock in good condition, and wonderfully improved of 
 late, owing to pure bred bulls being introduced and stallions imported. 
 
 V. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand : Live stock good. No disease among cattle, sheep or hogs ; 
 horse distemper was very prevalent through the winter, but not more serious than usual. 
 
 J. R. Smith, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Very few sheep or pigs raised here ; horses are in average 
 condition ; 'some cattle are very poor. There is plenty of both hay and straw. 
 
 John H. Houser, Canbnrough, Haldimand : Houses are not in as good condition as in former years ; 
 distemper or epizootic has kept them back. Some cows have died of milk fever. Lambs are in large supply 
 and live stock, excepting horses, are in good condition. 
 
 Peter Netler, Pelham, Welland : Horses are in good condition ; cattle, sheep and swine poor ; fodder 
 is rather scarce. 
 
 Charles Henderson, Wainfleet, Welland : The condition of live stock is good. There is no disease 
 and no scarcity of fodder, 
 
 r. A. Hutt, Stamford, WeUand : There was a good deal of hay cut and it brought on an average $10 
 per ton, but there was abundance of coarse fodder and farmers fed liberally. 
 
 J. J. Sherk, Bertie, Welland : The condition of live stock is good ; no disease more than common 
 excepting something like inflammation amongst horses. There was plenty of fodder during the winter and 
 spring, and the early pasture has left a quantity for another winter. 
 
 Robert Fleck, Moore, Lambton ; Live stock of all kinds are in very fair condition ; no disease. There 
 was ample iodder and much to spare. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Sarnia, Lambton : Plenty of hay is left yet. It has only been worth from $6 to $8 on the 
 market in Sarnia all winter. 
 
 Henry Ingram, Enniskillen, Lambton : Horses are in good condition, and cattle very good. There is 
 a kind of disease amongst pigs. They swell up under the chops, and have great difficulty in breathing, but 
 it does not seem to affect their appetite much, although they decrease in weight a good deal. 
 
 Joseph A. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : • Live stock is not so good as last spring. Cattle are poor in 
 flesh, but sheep, pigs and horses look toler&bly well. 
 
 Wm. Wight, Bosanquet, Lambton : Cattle are tljin of flesh, but there is no disease of any kind. 
 
 Edward Bowlsby, Brooke, Lambton : Live stock are generally in fair condition, but not what they 
 ought to be for the amount of feed from last year. Influenza prevails to a considerable extent, but there 
 are no serious effects. 
 
 Wm. Spenee, Grey, Huron :• There has been no disease, but a great number of cattle are very thin in 
 flesh, owing to poor straw and no roots. 
 
 John Scott, Howiok, Huron : The winter being mild stock seemed to thrive, and as nearly all stock i* 
 well housed throughout this township, we have turned out the best wintered lot I have seen since I came to 
 this township, twenty-three years ago. 
 
 James Mitchell, Howick, Huron : The condition of live stock is better than in any previous year. 
 
 John McMillan, HuUett, Huron : Cattle are healthy, but "in some instances young animals are lean- 
 No disease has prevailed to any extent. Among horses there was a little inflammation of the lungs, caused 
 by a cold or a sort of epizootic. 
 
 G. Fortune, Turnberry, Huron : We have had the finest weather throughout the lambing season for 
 many years, and sheep and lambs are doing uncommonly well. 
 
 Frank Morley, Usborne, Huron : A sort of distemper affected quite a number of horses during March 
 and April. Its effects do not seem to be serious, but some of the animals are rather dull and lifeless this 
 spring. 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Cattle for the most part were turned to pasture May 
 ,1st, the earliest date since 1878. 
 
 Donald Blue, Huron, Bruce : Live stock are in good condition ; no disease among them. There was a 
 sufficient supply of fodder during winter. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Stock are in better condition than usual ; no disease that I am aware of 
 except some distemper among the horses. Fodder is abundant. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Horses are in good condition, and mares are all doing well with their 
 foals : very little loss this spring. Cattle are also in good condition, the spring, being very favourable for 
 them. There is a large crop of good healthy lambs. Fodder in general has been in good supply, and hay 
 plentiful at reasonable prices. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Pigs have been decreasing in numbers the last year or two ; they are 
 scarcer than usual this spring. 
 
 Lewis Lamb, Greenock, Bruce : In general cattle are poor, but horses and sheep are in fair condition. 
 
 M. J. Norris, Eastnor, Bruce : Live stock are in very fair condition. There was no scarcity of fodder 
 through the winter. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : All kinds of live stock have stood the winter well, and look better this 
 season than at any time in former years. There is no disease of any kind. 
 
31 
 
 John Pepler, Bentinck, Grey : All kinds of live stock are in good condition. A mild form of pink-eye- 
 has affected horses in this locality. There has been plenty of fo£ler. 
 
 George Buskin, Artemesia, Grey : A few horses are very sick with distemper, but there are no deaths. 
 Cattle are a little thin, but are doing well. Ewes are also thm in flesh in this neighbourhood, but there is a 
 good supply of lambs. Spring pigs are very scarce. Hay has been selling at $10 per ton. 
 
 George Biunie, Glenele, Grey : Horses came through all right. Cattle are thin, but fresh and strong. 
 Sheep are generally in good order, and lambs came healthy and strong. Many people in this district keep 
 more pigs than they can properly winter, and consequently spring finds them po6r. No disease of any kind 
 among stock. Fodder has been plentiful. 
 
 Robert McCutcheon, Sydenham, Grey : All kinds of stock are good. A little scouring among spring 
 calves in this section. Fodder has been sufficient. 
 
 Alex. Garvie, Derby, Grey : Live stock are in very fair condition ; no disease. Fodder has just been 
 sufficient. It would have been scarce but for the early spring. 
 
 Petter Harris, Euphrasia, Grey : Cattle are thin ; sheep good, with a large fall of lambs ; pigs scarce. 
 There has been just sufficient fodder. 
 
 Wm. Irvine, Bentinck, Grey : Live stock of all kinds are in excellent condition this spring ; no dis- 
 eases are prevalent, and fodder of all kinds is very plentiful. 
 
 Robt. Oliver, Artemesia, Grey : Horses are in good condition. Cattle fairly good ; some of them thin. 
 Sheep good, and pigs the same in most cases, though there has been some loss in the early litters. There 
 has been sufficient fodder. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : Stock have come through the winter in pretty good condition, though 
 some are rather thin. There has been no disease among cattle or hogs, but a great many horses have hal 
 distemper. Hay and straw were scarce, and had to be got in the early part of winter, but with careful 
 feeding and the fine early spring, stock have come out much better than was expected. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Live stock are in pretty good condition ; horses good. Cattle 
 thin, but strong, sheep and hogs have come through well. No disease has prevailed. There has been plenty 
 of fodder but it is pretty well ate up. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Live stock is in fair order ; horses good ; cattle thin but lively ; they 
 got grass early. Sheep are in good order. No disease. Plenty of straw ; hay scarce in a good many points 
 it was $14.00 per ton, and is now SIO.OO. 
 
 Thomas McCabe, Adjala, Simcoe : Horses are in very fair condition ; cattle are generally thin ; sheep 
 in good condition. No disease prevails. There has been a fair supply of fodder during the winter and 
 spring. 
 
 Basel R. Rowe, Orillia, Simcoe : Generally speaking, live stock (excepting sheep) are all in poor con- 
 dition ■ though of course there are many exceptions. There have been no diseases. There was rather a 
 scarcity of fodder, more especially hay ; but the deficiency was tolerably supplied from a distance. 
 
 Christopher Cook, Tecumseth, Simcoe : Live stock are in good condition. No disease has appeared 
 among them. There was a sufficiency of fodder. 
 
 WUliam Black, Westminster, Middlesex : Live stock of all kinds look well. ' Feed was plentiful and 
 there is a surplus left on most farms; the very early growth of grass contributed largely to make this 
 surplus. 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : Live stock never was better; horses, sheep and pigs are good, 
 and cattle' very good. No disease. Plenty of fodder— abundance. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Horses, cattle and sheep are very good Steers and fat cows 
 will be ready for market early. There has been a great abundance of feed and a good deal is left over. 
 
 Alexander Smith, MoGillivray, Middlesex : The general condition of live stock is good; horses are good 
 and prices high. Cattle wintered well, and sheep fairly well. Fodder has been plentiful. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobe, Middlesex : Live stock of all kinds have come through in good condition. No 
 diseases except a severe cold amongst horses which has been general hereabouts, and a few cases of distem- 
 per—though nothing serious. Fodder has been abundant. 
 
 R Coad Ekfrid, Middlesex : All kinds of live stock are in a good average condition. In my experience 
 of farmhig for the laLt thirty years in Canada, and thirty in England, I am of opinion that this is the 
 healthiest country in the world for hve stock. 
 
 Richard JoUiffe North Dorchester, Middlesex : Livestock good; no lack of fodder. A few cases of 
 hog Sa was reported in the township ; but it was confined to a few farms, and at present I think it has 
 altogether disappeared. , • , .^ i. j t u 
 
 T Grimason Caradoc, Middlesex : The condition of live stock is pretty fair : but not so good as I have 
 known H""rrso^ehorseflook thin, I see a good many cows thin; sheep on tiie road-sides do not look 
 
 ^''\s 'cpTutTETsf Oxford, Oxford: Livestock of all kinds are in very fair condition. Some horses 
 havediedTromtWffectsofdWmper.andqui^^ 
 
 Alexander McFarlane, Norwich, Oxford: Live stock are better than last year. No diseases. Plenty 
 
 °^ * WilTiam Brown, Blenheim. Oxford : Stock of every description is in good condition. There has beep 
 
 n4^JSo;:^SXford Oxf»d = Ije Uve^stock a^^^ 
 
 Hog cholera attacked some animals and killed off a few , there is, nowever, uo 
 
 farmer I know of had more than sufficient fodder. 
 
32 
 
 D. W. McKay, East Zora, Oxford : Horses and pigs are in good condition ; cattle fair ; sheep eood, 
 but few farmers keep any. Tliere is a large surplus of fodder. Farmers all have more or less hay for sale, 
 and turnips can be bought for five cents per bushel. Many farmers have from 500 to a 1000 bushels which 
 will go to waste. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Store cattle are rather thin ; horses are looking well : sheep appear 
 healthy but are rather poor ; the lamb croj) is good ; pigs are healthy now, none have died since middle of 
 the winter. Pigs had the cholera in this vicinity for several months last fall and winter ; but it-seems to be 
 entirely gone now. Fodder, was scarce, except turnips, of which there was a large surplus ; hay was rather 
 scarce, and there was not too much straw. 
 
 W. J. McLagan, Logan, Perth: Live stock are rather thin owing to straw not being very good. There 
 Jias been a very bad cold like distemper among horses. Sufficient fodder. 
 
 George Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Stock of all kinds look well ; no disease ; fodder has been pretty 
 plentiful. 
 
 Alexander Martin, Downie, Perth ; Horses are in good order ; but cattle are not so good, they miss the 
 turnips owing to the failure last year ; sheep wintered very well, and pigs are healthy. There was plenty of 
 fodder throughout the winter. 
 
 John McNab, West Luther, Wellington : Live stock look splendid ; an abundant supply of fodder all 
 winter with lots of it left. 
 • William Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Live stock have wintered unusually well ; no disease. There has 
 
 been an over abundance of hay, straw and roots. 
 
 Harvey Cull, West Garafraxa, Wellington : All the stock is in fair condition, with no disease among 
 them, and no scarcity of fodder, 
 
 .Tohn Booth, Maryborough, Wellington : All kind of stock are in good condition ; no disease has pre- 
 vailed, and there has been plenty of fodder. 
 
 J. H. Broadfoot, Niohol, Wellington : Live stock are very good, and there has been sufficient fodder. 
 A few oases of pink-eye have occurred. 
 
 B. M. B. Snider, Woolwich, Waterloo : Live stock of all kinds are in good condition. There has been 
 no disease, and fodder has been sufficiently supplied. 
 
 George Risk, Wilmot, Waterloo : Live stock are ver^ fair ; a few animals look thin, and do not appear 
 to have been well wintered. Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs are all very good. 
 
 George Bellinger, Wellesley, Waterloo : There has been plenty of fodder all through the winter, and 
 there is lots on hand yet. 
 
 T. B. Snider, Waterloo, Waterloo : All kinds of stock are good. There has been a, good supply of 
 ■fodder, and no disease. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs have all come through the 
 winter very weU. There has been a full supply of fodder, Hay at present plentiful at $8 to $10 per ton. 
 
 Wm. Dynes, Mono, Dufferin : Cattle in general are poor ; other stock is fair. There has been no 
 disease worthy of notice. _Straw and hay have been plentiful. 
 
 Robert Gray, Mulmur, Duilerin : Live stock are fair. Horses good ; cattle, sheep and pigs are in fair 
 •condition. 
 
 Matthew G. Varcoe, Amaranth^ Dufferin : Live stock appear to be in fairly good condition. Horses 
 look excellent as usual. The majority of cattle look thin, though strong and hearty. Sheep and pigs look 
 weB. There is a very material falling off in the number of sheep compared with previous years. With 
 a few exceptions there was plenty of fodder, hay being about $8 to $10 per ton, and plentiful in some 
 localities. 
 
 George Bailey, Melancthon, Dufferin : Live stock are rather thin. Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs are 
 generally good. No disease has appeared. Fodder, though scarce with some, was abundant and to spare 
 with others. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Live stock may be considered good. A sort of distemper 
 has prevailed among horses, but no fatal cases to my knowledge. The distemper appeared in the latter 
 part of the winter and lasted for about three months. A considerable amount of hay was pressed and 
 ^shipped from this township during the winter and spring. 
 
 D. B. Rittenhouse, Louth, Lincoln : There are fewer sheep every year in this neighbourhood— one flock 
 where five years ago there were two. 
 
 T. A. Walker, Ancaster, Wentworth : Horses are in first-class condition, and cattle, sheep and pigs, 
 fair. No disease. ■ Hay and straw are almost used up, but there is plenty of oats and other coarse gram. 
 
 John Bleasdell, Beverly, Wentworth : Live stock are very good. There was sufficient food till spring' 
 when it began to ^et short. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : Horses, sheep and pigs are in ,good condition, and cattle very 
 good. Hay, straw, turnips and coarse grains in abundance. We cannot get the hay and straw fed this 
 spring, and a great deal will be kept ovir. 
 
 M. Clements, Trafalgar, Halton : Live stock are generally in good condition ; no disease ; abundance 
 •of fo(Jder. 
 
 John Shaw, Esquesing, Halton : There were a few isolated cases where pigs died with a disease where 
 the symptoms appeared to be like the hog-cholera. Fodder of all kinds has been plentiful. 
 
 W. S. Buist, Albion, Peel : Horses look well, although some have been sick with influenza or colds 
 resembling distemper. Cattle, sheep and hogs are in good condition in general. There has been plenty 
 <oi feed. 
 
33 
 
 John Campbell, Chinguaoousy, Peel : Live stock generally look well. There has been a good deal of 
 distemper among horses, and a disease called strangles. Hay and oats have been plentiful. 
 
 R. M. "VanNorman, North Gwillimbury, York: Horses are in fair condition ; cattle and sheep not so 
 good, owing to the limited supply of feed. 
 
 D. James, Markham, York : A good many horses are sick. The spring weather opening so very warm, 
 many were overworked, and a few died ; many are diseased. Cattle and pigs are in good and sheep are in 
 medium condition. There has been plenty of feed. 
 
 N. A Malloy, Vaughan, York : Live stock are in good condition generally ; no disease, and a sufficiency 
 of fodder. 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Mara, Ontario : The greater part of the stock have come through the winter poor, 
 owing to a scarcity of fodder. Many prefer to have poor stock rather than feed hay or buy mill feed. 
 Quite a number of two-year old colts have died through a violent form of distemper. 
 
 Jaraes MoCuUough, jr.> Uxbridge, Ontario : Among farmers who keep their stock stabled and are 
 good feeders, stock looks well. A, good many of the farmers have sold their fat cattle, and some are just 
 now being delivered at the railway station. Horses are in a good fair condition, but there is influenza in a 
 few places. Sheep and pigs are about an average. There has been abundance of fodder. 
 
 S. Beall. Whitby, Ontario : Live stock generally are in good condition. There has been considerable 
 distemper among horses this spring — some very malignant cases, a number of horses having died after a 
 very few days illness. Fodder does not appear scarce. 
 
 James Graham, Scugog, Ontario ; Stock is all very fair ; nothing remarkable ; no disease except the 
 common horse distemper. Feed plentiful, but not over abundant. 
 
 R. Forsyth, Pickering, Ontario : Cattle look tough on some farms, especially where they are turned out 
 to be ready for the first bite they can find ; where properly feed and cared for, they look well ; no disease. 
 There has been plenty of feed for stock. 
 
 R. Dickson, Hope, Durham : Horses, sheep and pigs are in good condition, and cattle very good. No 
 scarcity of fodder. 
 
 Robert Hodge, Clarke, Durham : Live stock a little thin, but healthy looking ; a great deal of distemper 
 has been recently amongst the horses and has left them a little weakened ; doing very well. Stock 
 ■cattle are fair ; sheep, fair ; pigs, very well. There has been quite enough of fodder at fairly remunerative 
 prices. 
 
 Jas. Brock, Cavan, Durham : Horses, good generally ; cattle poor in this section, because very poor 
 when winter set in, on account of the grasshoppers eating all the grass. Sheep have wintered well, though 
 poor in the fall. Pigs are in good condition ; no disease. Plenty of hay and straw. 
 
 £. J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : Live stock generally in rather poor condition, owing, I think, 
 to the severe winter. A mild sort of distemper has prevailed among horses. Farmers have been careful 
 and economical with their fodder through the winter, as it was thought it would be scarce, but they have 
 generally had sufficient. 
 
 R. J. Rutherford, Haldimand, Northumberland : Live stock looking rather thin at present, especially 
 cattle and sheep, owing to lack of clover hay, very little of which was grown last year. There is an abundance 
 of tunothy hay and other fodder. Horses and pigs are generally in good condition. 
 
 Jas. Roberts, Alnwick, Northumberland : Stock are generally thin ; a great many have died. Horses 
 were afflicted with distemper in winter ; not many died here. A great many cows died in calving. Fodder 
 has been sufficient. 
 
 Piatt Hinman, Haldimand, Northumberland: Several horses have been afflicted in their throat. 
 Cattle are in good condition. Sheep are in very fair condition. Pigs are good, but few were wintered. 
 
 W. J. Westiugton, Hamilton, Northumberland : Horses rather thin ; many have had trouble with 
 distemper. Many cows have died from inversion of the uterus. 
 
 Wm. R. Dempsey, Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Live stock are fair ; epizootic has affected some 
 horses The winter seems to have been severe on cattle where they were not sheltered and properly cared 
 for, and many are looking quite thin. Sheep and pigs generally are good ; hay is plentiful and cheap. 
 
 Louis P Hubbs Hillier, Prince Edward : Live stock not so good as in other years. Oats being scarce, 
 horses are poor : quite a number of cattle died after calving : sheep are looking well ; spring pigs are scarce. 
 There has been plenty of hay and straw, but very little of oats, and that of poor quality.' 
 
 Jas. Benson, Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Cattle, considering the amount of feed, are looking rather 
 thin ; horses generally are in fair condition ; sheep and pigs are fine. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Kdward : Cows are m bad condition from a bad disease ; many 
 have died and many ikore are very meagre and looking bad owing to the same disease ; what to call the 
 <liBease I cannot tell but a great number have died ; some have aborted and some are affected with spoiled 
 bags and are "oosing them entirely. Sheep look well. There has been plenty fodder for all kinds of sjock. 
 
 Andrew M. Haight, Hallowell, Prince Edward : Live stock are good ; plenty of fodder. Hay is worth 
 at present 97 a ton. . , , r i , j 
 
 Sidney Barclay, Ops, Victoria : Live stock are above average. An unusual number of foals and mares 
 died; cattle are in fair condition ; no disease ; food sufficient; not so many sheep raised as formerly. 
 
 John Westlake, Bldon, Victoria : Oats were poor last year and so horses are poor; cattle are in fair 
 condition ; sheep good. Hay and straw have been plentiful. 
 
 F Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterboro : Horses are good; other cattle are a little on the thin side. Sheep 
 are fair, no disease. Plenty of fodder of all kinds. 
 
 3 (M. K.) 
 
34 
 
 A. K. Kidd, Dummer, Peterborough : The changeable winter seems to have affect^ the cattle 
 unfavourably, especially where proper shelter has not been provided. Influenza has made its appearance 
 amongst horses. Sheep and pigs are good. Fodder has been quite sufficient. 
 
 John Lang, Otonabee, Peterborough : All kinds of live stock are good. There has been plenty of fodder 
 and no disease. 
 
 M. Mclntyre, North Monaghan, Peterborough : Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs are in good condition. 
 There was generally a sufficiency of fodder throughout the winter. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : Live stock has come through the winter fairly well, being in 
 much better condition than last spring. Sheep are doing well ; last spring the greater portion of the young 
 lambs were lost, but this season I have not heard of any. Owing to the severe lesson of last winter, fodder, 
 which was apparently a little short in the fall, was economized, and the spring being a full month earlier this 
 year there has not been any great scarcity. 
 
 Ban. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : All kinds of live stock are in fair condition. There is dis- 
 temper in horses, and black quarter in cattle and calves; it is very fatal in calves. Fodder has been 
 sufficient. 
 
 Chas. R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Live stock of all kinds in better condition than usual, owing to. 
 spring being earlier, and to the greater abundance of winter feed. Cattle very thin but strong. 
 
 W. C. Mellville, Stanhope, Haliburton : Horses, sheep and pigs good ; cattle very thin. There is dis- 
 temper amongst horses. Spring came early or there would have been a scarcity of fodder. 
 
 D. Kavanagh, Dungannon and Faraday, Hastings : Live stock are in good condition ; no disease ; 
 plenty of feed. 
 
 James Clare, Hungerford, Hastings : Live stock, good ; no disease'; abundance of fodder. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : Horses look very well ; cattle rather bad generally ; sheep, about 
 ordinary condition ; pigs, very fair. There is any quantity of fodder, and no disease except ordinary horse 
 distemper. 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredericksburgh, Lennox': Horses are as a rule in fine condition ; cattle not so 
 good generally. There has been a disease of some kind, mostly confined to calves and young stock ; they 
 would loose the use of their limbs and die quickly. Some thought the cause was the midge in the clover 
 hay they were fed with. Sheep and pigs have wintered well and healthy. 
 
 J. B. Aylesworth, Newburgh, Lennox : All kinds of stock came through the vrinter in good condition • 
 no disease and plenty of fodder. 
 
 . Thomas Andrew, Kennebec, Fronteuac : Live stock, good ; all wintered well, with no disease and 
 plenty of fodder. The price of hay is $8 to $10 per ton : last spring it was $20 to $22. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : In general live stock are thin, principally through want of 
 proper ventilation in stables, and kept too warm. Every one here seem to be going in for close and warm 
 stables, without proper light and ventilation. Sheep and pigs wintered wBll. A large surplus of fodder. 
 
 Alex. Ritchie, Storrington, Frontenac : Horses, sheep and pigs look well. Cattle are not as good as 
 last year. Hay was a fair price, and farmers sold hay and the cattle suffered. 
 
 A. Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : Horses are looking well ; cattle are in better condition than I ever 
 seen them at this season of the year ; sheep are well covered with wool, and there is a great increase in the 
 flocks. 
 
 John Elkington, Palmerston, Frontenac : Stock generally wintered well. Epizootic Catarrh was 
 general amongst both farmers' and shanty teams, but not severe. A slight surplus of fodder was left. 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : All kinds of stock looking well. No disea,Be and plenty 
 fod(^r of all kinds. ' 
 
 Wm. A. Webster, Lansdowue, Leeds : Cattle are thin in flesh, they went to the stables last fall not in 
 good condition owing to cold, wet weather. Horses are good. Sheep and pigs have done well. There was 
 abundance of fodder of all kinds. This township carries a large stock, and yet sold several hundred tons of 
 hay to be pressed and shipped to Boston. 
 
 Jno. C. Stafford, rear of Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : A good deal of distemper has made horses thin. 
 in flesh ; although well fed, cattle did not stand the winter well, but are brightning up the last ten days. 
 
 G. C. Tracey, Williamsburg, Dundas : Horses are fair ; cattle very bad ; sheep poor and hogs good. 
 Ca*-tle have had something hke a weakness in the fore legs, especially looseness of the bowels and general 
 debility, som^e suppose a resultant of feeding diseased potatoes last fall. There has been plenty of fodder. 
 
 James CoUison, Matilda, Dundas : Horses are in first class condition ; cattle did not winter as well as 
 last year ; sheep and pigs are good. A good many cattle have died from calving. A surplus of fodder 
 remains. 
 
 R. Vallance, Osnabruck, Stormont ; Horses are good, but some distemper ; cattle are in average con- 
 dition ; sheep and pigs wintered well. Plenty of fodder and no disease. 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Horses, sheep and pigs are good ,~ cattle fair. No disease nor 
 scarcity of food. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, Hawkesbury W., Prescott ; Horses look very woU ; cattle are poorer than I have seen 
 them for some years ; sheep are fair ; pigs very well kept. Some cattle have died : they take a weakness in 
 the legs and become helpless. There has been plenty of fodder. Hay is selling here for $10 per ton. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : There was something like the epizootic distemper this vear pre- 
 valent a few years since, but more severe ; several horses died of it. ^ > e 
 
35 
 
 Jas. r.. Grierson, Torbolton, Carleton : A good many horses have died in the strangles abont here, but- 
 the general condition of horses is good ; cattle and sheep are very good. There has been an abundant supply 
 of fodder. 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton ; Cattle, sheep and pigs all wintered well. There were a. 
 great many horses badly affected with a cough and a disease of the head something like the horse distemper 
 of years ago. There has been plenty of feed of all kinds. 
 
 J. M. Kennedy, Alice, Renfrew ; A good many cattle died in spring, especially cows and yearling calfs. 
 Cattle thin but healthy ; horses good ; sheep and pigs average. Both hay and straw were short in some- 
 sections and a good many had to buy hay to last their stock through spring. 
 
 John 6. J. Watson, Brudenell, Renfrew : Live stock is in better condition than last year. Many 
 horses have died with distemper so called. There was no scarcity of fodder. 
 
 Wm. Hawkins, Jr., Stafford, Renfrew : Horses are good ; sheep and pigs look well but cattle are all 
 poor ; has been a very severe winter, and in most of cases cattle have not been housed. Some young cattle 
 have died from a disease called " black leg " here. Cattle were in poor condition last fall and fodder has. 
 been scarce. Pastures are dry. 
 
 Thomas Lett, Wilberforce, Renfrew : Some horses have had strangles. Some say there was more 
 than strangles as quite a number of full-grown horses died from it. They swelled in the neck or throat 
 and it seemingly went into their brain. If it was only the strangles it was never known to be so severe. 
 Just sufficient fodder and no more. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : There are some cases of glanders among horses in this section and 
 I think the pulalic generally should be kept well informed of the danger of this loathsome disease. In two 
 or three cases in this county men have taken it, and with one of them it has terminated fatally. Fodder 
 was scant enough with some but there was conbiderable pressed hay brought in by rail. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : Live stock, in general, are thin on account of the severe winter. 
 There has been plenty of fodder. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : Live stock in general are fair. Very few horses, and of all ages, 
 but have been affected with strangles, and a number of them pretty badly. With a few farmers there was 
 a scarcity of fodder, particularly hay. 
 
 Wm. McGarry, Drummond, Lanark : Stock came through the winter pretty well. Horses suffered with 
 a bad kind of strangles and in some cases succumbed to the disease ; it was very general in this section, but 
 has disappeared. Fodder was plentiful. 
 
 Fred. N. Toye, Draper, Muskoka : All kinds of live stock came through the winter very well, I have 
 not heard of any disease. There has been sufficient fodder with a small quantity left over. 
 
 W. J. Casselman, Brunei, Muskoka : Stock of all kinds are in good condition. There has been plenty 
 of fodder. 
 
 A. Weaucke, Morrison, Muskoka : All stock are in a good and healthy condition. Fodder has been 
 plentiful ; no diseases. 
 
 John Early, Chaffey, Muskoka : Stock of all kinds look well. There is no disease, and there was no 
 scarcity of feed in this district last winter. 
 
 James H. Osborne, Stephenson, Muskoka : Horses are middling ; cattle thin but in good health ; sheep 
 are poor ; a very great many lambs were lost this year ; pigs are good. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Live stock are in very good condition. There was no scarcity of 
 fodder throughout the winter. Pigs are not very plentiful this spring. 
 
 John Hollingworth, Watt, Muskoka : There is an unusually large per centage of farrow cows in this 
 locality this season. One neighbour has four out of six ; another four out of ten. 
 
 Hugh Jackson, Humphrey, Parry Sound : Horses, cattle, and sheep have wintered better than they 
 have done for some time ; pigs are good ; fodder has been abundant. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Live stock are better than usual. Few farmers here can yet 
 afford to give the care necessary to make their horses look well, or in the way the best Ontario farmers gen- 
 erally keep theirs. Cattle are strong and vigorous ; sheep are healthy, and there has been more than aver- 
 age increase of lambs ; pigs look well. Fodder has been plentiful. 
 
 F. W. Ashdown,' Humphrey, Parry Sound : Horses are thin but healthy ; cattle very thin ; sheep and 
 pigs look well. No disease. Fodder plentiful. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Sault Ste. Marie, Algoma : All kinds of stock are good. No disease, and fodder in 
 abundance. 
 
 NEW VARIETIES OF SEED. 
 
 The potato rot last year was general and very destructive : in many counties not 
 half of the crop was sound. In Essex, Kent, Lincoln, Waterloo, Dufferin, York, Ontario, 
 Dundas Stormont, Glengarry, Carleton, Russell and Muskoka the rot, though consider- 
 able was less than in most counties, while Haliburton and Hastmgs had comparatively 
 little and Prescott, Renfrew, Parry Sound and Algoma scarcely any. In Perth and 
 Haldimand, and in parts of Lanark, by far the greater portion of this crop was destroyed. 
 
36 
 
 In the first named county, as in isolated localities elsewhere, not sufficient potatoes were 
 left for seed, and the deficiency has had to be supplied by purchase from other counties. 
 The testimony from all parts of the Province, as might be expected, is unanimous that 
 potatoes on clay 'lands suffered most, while those raised on sandy soils, new land and soil 
 suffered but little. In almost every county there are localities where very little rot took 
 place in cellars and pits during the winter. The reason of exemption seems to be chiefly 
 that when potatoes were taken up late the rot had completed its work and generally only 
 sound potatoes were gathered ; where potatoes were taken up early they suffered most. 
 Much also depended upon the care in sorting before storing them in pits or in the cellars. 
 Where care was taken to reject suspicious potatoes very little winter loss has occurred, 
 but where this has not been the case, in many instances from twenty to seventy-five per 
 cent, of the potatoes have rotted. In Muskoka and some other counties a good many 
 potatoes were frozen in pits. Notwithstanding the rot there appears to be generally an 
 abundance of potatoes. In some parts of Huron the price has been as low as twenty 
 cents, and similarly low prices have prevailed throughout eastern Ontario. In Gait and 
 many other markets prices have generally been below fifty cents per bushel. Probably 
 the holding of potatoes in expectation of high prices and the fact that the winter rot, 
 though considerable, was not so great as was expected, has had much to do with the lowness 
 of price in the spring. There certainly seems to be abundance of this tuber in tlie country. 
 
 Of varieties of potatoes in common cultivation, the Early and Late Eose and the 
 Beauty of Hebron seem to be the most popular almost everywhere. In the western 
 counties White Elephant and White Star are also extensively cultivated. In eastern 
 Ontario the Chilis and Cups are considered scarcely second to the Rose potatoes, though 
 tliey are not common in the western counties. Burbank's Seedling is also a common 
 potato in almost every county, and Early Ohio has very many admirers. St. Patrick is a 
 less common potato, but highly spoken of by those who have tried it. There are scores of 
 varieties in cultivation in every county, and it is apparently impossible to discriminate 
 as to the real merits of many of these, so much does success depend upon peculiarities of 
 sort and season and the methods of the individual grower. From Grey, Bruce, and several 
 other counties come complaints that the Early Rose is red-streaked and losing in merit. 
 In other counties, however, it retains its popularity as the best potato grown. Claims 
 are put forth as to new or less common varieties having suffered less from rot than this 
 well known potato, but for a decided opinion extensive trials under various conditions 
 are required. 
 
 Seed corn varies much in measure of local supply and in quality. In Northumber- 
 land aaid several eastern counties the crop of last year did not ripen well, but pretty 
 generally there is enough to supply the demand. 
 
 New varieties of seed grain are reported from various counties. In many localities 
 hard Fyfe from Manitoba is being introduced. The North Lanark Agricultural Society 
 purchased two car loads of this wheat for distribution, and various localities report the 
 introduction of this grain. A good deal of Fyfe wheat is raised in the eastern and in 
 some of the northern counties, and of good quality, especially on the newer lands. 
 White Fyfe and White Russian wheats are very largely grown, and are considered very 
 suitable for the Ontario climate. Democrat wheat and Martin Amber are also highly 
 ■commended. Welcome oats have been tried extensively, and the general verdict, with 
 some exceptions, is in their favour. In several counties Mensury barley has been sown, 
 and is pronounced a large yielder, with a heavy and plump berry and stiff straw, but is 
 reported to be inferior for malting purposes. Several other varieties of barley as well as 
 of oats and wheat are favourably mentioned by correspondents. Two varieties of oats in 
 considerable quantity have been imported from Scotland for trial in the Ottawa valley, 
 and are said to be a fine sample. 
 
 In Prince Edward County Early Kent and Black Eye pease are being sown in con- 
 siderable quantity under contract with seedsmen. Alsike is being substituted by many 
 farmers in Welland for Red clover. 
 
 It is desirable that new varieties of seed which appear to possess real merit should 
 be tested over a large area and under various conditions, so as to ascertain their sub- 
 stantial value as a general crop. 
 
37 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : There are a great many varieties of potatoes, but the Hebron and Clark's 
 No. 1 are generally grown for early date. Hose for late. White Elephant and White Star are considered 
 good. I have heard no complaint of rot. The supply of Indian corn for seed is plentiful and good. 
 
 Arthur J. Amer, Gosfield, Essex : Some farmers produce good potatoes of whatever kind, while others 
 invariably fail, owing principally to differences of soil. Well sorted potatoes wintered well ; those not 
 well picked over rotted badly. Seed corn is sufficient for our own use. 
 
 Geo. Leak, Rochester, Essex : I do not know of any new seed except huUess barley, which promises 
 to make a good crop for feed and yields well. 
 
 Thos. B. White, Anderdon, Essex : Most of the potatoes planted are Early Rose ; they yield well. 
 There is no rot as far as I heard. 
 
 A. W. Cohoe, Rochester, Essex : Rose, Hebron, White Elephant and White Star are grown ; the 
 Hebron and Elephant take the lead. > 
 
 R. H. Waddell, Tilbury E., Kent: What is known as One-side oats has been tried, but is not much 
 appreciated. 
 
 Jno. Tissiman, Raleigh, Kent : About one-third of the corn is unsold and is of good quality. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Of potatoes. Early Ohio is first in merit, Late Rose second, Early R. 
 third, and. Beauty of Hebron fourth. 'There is plenty of good seed corn and different varieties, such as 
 White and Yellow Gourd, or Horse-tooth, Crompton's Early, Eight-rowed, Yellow, &c. 
 
 Alex. Young, Harwich, Kent : Some swindlers have been selling some ten-dollar-a-bushel oats and 
 barley on the patent note system, but they did not catch many. Corn planting has commenced. Early 
 Rose is the leading variety of potatoe here. 
 
 J. W. Harvey, Bayham, Elgin : Of potatoes. White Elephant takes the lead, with Beauty of Hebron 
 next. 
 
 Wm. Clark, Aldborough, Elgin : There is a moderate supply of seed corn and the quality is generally 
 good. 
 
 M. Payne, Southwold and Yarmouth, Elgin : Mensury barley seems to turn out fine, stiff, and long 
 straw and good berry, and heavy. 
 
 A. Humphrey, Aldborough, Elgin : Black barley for hay-feed is very heavy, gives splendid yield and 
 makes good feed. 
 
 Jas. Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : Beauty of Hebron, Late Rose and White Elephant, rank in merit as 
 named. 
 
 W. Watts, Bayham, Elgin ; Beauty of Hebron, Early and Late Rose, White Elephant and Snow Flake 
 potatoes are popular. In wet, heavy soil the rot destroyed about one-half the potatoes ; sandy soils appeared 
 to escape pretty well. 
 
 Albert Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : The Dakota Red potatoes were not affected by the rot last year ; 
 the others were more or less affected, some whole crops being lost. 
 
 Herbert Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : The Little Fox oat has been used three or four years, but has 
 proved a failure, owing to a tendency to fall. Burkank, Hebron, Early and Late Rose, White Elephant, 
 are popular. The first three are excellent table potatoes and do not rot so badly, but do not yield as well 
 as the other two kinds. Rot did not affect them after Nov. 15, unless they lay moist. 
 
 James McKnight, Windham, Norfolk ; Beauty of Hebron and Early Rose are chiefly planted this year, 
 as the rot last season did not affect them as much as some others. 
 
 A N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Potatoes have rotted badly during the winter, and the quality 
 in this section is almost the worst ever known. 
 
 .Joel Misener, Moulton, Haldimand : Early Rose, Snowflake, St. Patrick and White Elephant are 
 very good potatoes ; not much of the potatoe crop saved well. 
 
 John H. Houser, Canborough, Haldimand ; New Zealand oats are good yielders, and grow good straw 
 on any kind of land. 
 
 Jas. McClive, Bertie, Welland : No new kinds of seed grain have been introduced, but there is a very 
 general substitute of Alsike for Red clover. Potatoes nearly all rotted before digging last fall. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : Seed is continually being changed . The following have their admirers : 
 Democrat, Boyer, Fultz, Deihl. 
 
 F. A. Hutt. Stamford, Welland : Good seed corn properly cared for is always scarce ; there is plenty 
 to be had in cribs, but it is never reliable. There is much loss from this fact. 
 
 James Watson, Moore, Lambton: Democrat fall wheat has given satisfaction since it was mtroduced 
 The Welcome oats 'have done well, Potatoes lifted early rotted a good dea in pi s or cellars but those left 
 in the ground till late in the season did well ; the diseased ones having routed before bemg lifted, and the 
 others kept well. There is sufficient seed corn for the demand. 
 
 A A Meyers Scmbra, Lambton : The rot destroyed nearly all the potato crop last fall, but what was 
 saved was wintered over in fair condition. There is plenty of seed corn and of fair quality. 
 
 Geo. M. Everest, Plympton, Lambton : Ensilage or sweet fodder corn has been tried m this locality the 
 past two years and has proved quite profitable. ^ ,, i „ 
 
 John L. Wilson, Enniskillen, Lambton: There are very fewjDotatoes m this part ; all or nearly all 
 were so taken with the rot last year that a great quantity is being shipped mto Petrolea, on both the 
 • Michigan Central and Grand Trunk, from various parts, and find ready sale. 
 
 D S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton: Of potatoes, principally Early Rose are grown.. In some 
 instances nearly all the potatoes in cellars rotted ; pits were not much affected. 
 
38 
 
 John Beattie, MoKillop, Huron : The Rose potato is the leading yariety. I do not think potatoes 
 were affected seriously dunng the winter, but they were very badly affected in the fall. Fully half the crop 
 rotted. 
 
 Malcolm McDonald, Wawanosh W., Huron : There is very little rot. Potatoes are very plentiful ; a 
 great many have been fed to cattle. They are worth only 20 cents per bushel. 
 
 George Hess, Hay, Huron : Potatoes which were kept in cellars are all right, but those in pits rot 
 rot soon after being exposed to the air. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : There will be a good number of new varieties of potatoes planted this 
 spring to replace the Early Kose, which has failed not so much in quantity or quality, but in colour. When 
 cut seventy-five per cent, are red-streaked, which is objectionable. Late Rose and Peach-blows will take 
 the lead. 
 
 Frank Morley, Usbome, Huron : Mensury barley was introduced last year. It is a few days later than 
 the common six-rowed barley ; it stands up well, does not break down, and yields very heavily. Potatoes 
 did not rot very much in pits or cellars when properly stored. There were not many farmers around here 
 had any to store. 
 
 R. Ransford, Tuckersmith, Huron : Russian barley is considerably sown ; accounts of it are very con- 
 tradictory. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howick, Huron : Of potatoes that were grown on cljy soil about four-fifths of them rotted, 
 but those grown on light soil, or new ground, or sod, were not affected to any extent by rot. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : The Defiance spring wheat (bearded) was the only kind 
 that proved rust proof in 1885 and yielded well. The Egyptian oat and some other newly introduced kinds 
 resisted rust the best and yielded well. The Pride of the Valley was the only kind of potato free of rot 
 with me. There has been heavy loss from rot in potatoes pitted or in the cellar. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : No rot in this section. Potatoes are in splendid condition and very 
 abundant ; selling for 20 cents per bushel. 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce : Egyptian oats have done well. Star fall wheat did very well last year. 
 There was another kind brought from Guelph ; I have not heard the name, but it is a complete failure this 
 year. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Martin Amber and Star wheat (both red wheats) have been tried. I can 
 not speak as to their merits yet, as they only have been sown one year. 
 
 Wm. Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Egyptian oats rusted badly. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Early Rose still stands at the head over all other varieties. In this 
 section potatoes did not suffer much from rot. A large quantity is being exported from here this spring, 
 and much was shipped in the winter. 
 
 D. McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : A new kind of spring wheat, called by some the Arlington and by 
 others Blue Joint, is a bearded variety, and yielded for me last year twenty-five bushels per acre. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : White Fife spring wheat seems to be gaining favour. It yields abou' 
 equal to the Lost Nation or White Russian, the most common varieties, and is said to mill better. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : The Early Rose has been streaked with red the past year. I think 
 this was owing to a second growth caused by warm rain after a long spell of dry weather. 
 
 Walter Hartman, St. Vincent, Grey : Of fall wheat Martin Amber is hardy and a^ood yielder • Diehl 
 Mediterranean the same. Of spring wheat Magyar has a fine appearance, but is not suflSciently 'tested. 
 There was very little potato rot, but a great many potatoes were badly streaked with red inside, and those 
 are inferior. 
 
 Wm. Free, St, Vincent, Grey : It is almost impossible to sell potatoes at any price ; the highest price 
 being 25 cents per bushel. 
 
 R. Gillies, Sullivan, Grey : Potatoes rotted very badly on hejivy clay pits, but there was very little rot 
 on light and gravelly soils. 
 
 James Robertson, Flos, Simcoe ; Potatoes off heavy clay rotted badly, but off light land kept well. 
 
 Christopher Cook, Teoumaeth, Simcoe : Hybridised Red Fyfe, a new spring wheat introduced here did 
 well last year. 
 
 R. T. Batfting, Essa, Simcoe : Hybridised Fyfe appeared to be the most successful spring wheat last 
 year, and is the only kind that escaped the blight of last season. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Simcoe : Morning Star and Dakota Red potatoes did well last year and wil' 
 again be planted. ' 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : I introduced two years ago a spring wheat called French Imperial. 
 It is a bearded wheat, fine grain, with good flouring qualities, and fully one week earlier than Fyfe or 
 Russian. It yielded last year twenty bushels per acre, while other varieties in the same vicinity were 
 destroyed by rust. 
 
 Jas. A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Roger wheat is considered good. 
 
 J. Grimason, Caradoc, Middlesex : Martin Amber wheat and Welcome oats I can speak highly of. 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, vicinity of Wardsville, Middlesex : There is plenty of Al seed corn. Farmers are 
 just commencing to plant. Corn is a standard crop here. It is generally productive and profitable. 
 
 Alex. Smith, MoGillivray, Middlesex ; Nearly one-half of the whole potato crop was lost in the fall by 
 rot, but still they are plentiful and selling at 35 to 40 cents per bushel. 
 
 Wm. Watcher, Dorchester N., Middlesex : A new kind of potato called the Brant King seems tostand • 
 the rot better than any other. Pdtatoes that were dug early and pitted or housed rotted badly while those 
 that were left late and well sorted over gave no further trouble. ' 
 
39 
 
 David Webster, Moaa, Middlesex : The Burbank seedling potato is a splendid keeper. Considerable 
 poor seed com has been kept, but I think there will be plenty of good seed. 
 
 J. C. Ross, West Zorra, Oxford : The Prussian blue pea, a new variety, is fast taking the place of 
 Golden Vine and other well-known varieties. 
 
 Robert Leak, East Oxford, Oxford : Very few potatoes lived to get to the cellar. It was the moat 
 sweeping rot I ever knew. Four-fifths of the people had none for the winter. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : The Early Rose potato ind Beauty of Hebron are the two sorts gen- 
 erally grown here. Nearly all our potatoes rotted last fall, and what did not rot were so bitter that we 
 could not use them. 
 
 D. W. McKay, East Zorra, Oxford : The potatoes were almost a complete loss by rust last fall ; 
 those who had any left put them in the cellars, and picked them over carefully, and they wintered well. 
 Large quantities of seed corn are coming into market. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : Of the several new varieties of wheat recently introduced the Martin 
 Amber seems destined to take first place. The supply of seed corn is ample. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries South, Brant : White Elephant, the. Roses, Hebron, Mammoth, Pearl, White 
 , Star, St. Patrick are the principal varieties, and of good quality ; one about as bad as the other for rot. 
 After being well sorted last fall there was no rot of any account in potatoes during the winter. 
 
 John Campbell, Blanshard, Perth : Manitoba Fyfe wheat has been introduced to a small extent. 
 
 William Lang, Downie, Perth : A new kind of spring wheat has been sparingly by some farmers called 
 French Imperial. It did well last year. 
 
 Alexander Martin, Downie, Perth : A spring wheat called Red Fern is rust-proof, but bad for lodging. 
 Potatoes that were properly picked in fall kept well in pits and came out well this spring. 
 
 A. M. Driver, Blanshard, Perth : There are very few potatoes in this section ; they are mostly brought 
 from Huron and Bruce by rail. 
 
 Thomas Maguire, Wallace, Perth : Some extraordinary spring wheat at 9S per bushel was put on some 
 slow farmers who do not read the papers. It turns out to have been taken from the most convenient store- 
 house bin, where the sharpers could get it. Potato rot was very bad in some cases ; in others there was 
 no damage. Those taken up early tainted with rot, rotted the whole pile ; while those that were left 
 in the ground as long as there was a chance.of getting them out before winter are safe in cellars and 
 pits, because all that was tainted rotted completely m the ground and there was no trouble in distinguishing 
 the good from the bad when digging. 
 
 D. McLean, EUioe, Perth : The Beauty of Hebron, Ontario, Late and Early Rose potatoes came out 
 best last year, and will be largely planted this year. The rot left but few here in the fall fit for pit or cellar, 
 and many farmers have to buy their Seed. 
 
 James Crerar, Easthope North, Perth : The rot was very bad both in the ground and in the cellar ; 
 three-fourths of the potatoes are rotten. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Potatoes have come through the winter very well ; rot 
 appears to have been exhausted early in the fall ; what is coming into our markets looks quite healthy. 
 Potatoes are plentiful at about 65ets. to 70cts. per bag, or about 45cts. per bushel. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : The rot has not injured potatoes to any extent worth mentioning. 
 The quantity of seecf corn is good, and the supply is equal to the demand. 
 
 John Rae, Eramosa, Wellington : We need new spring wheat, as the White Russian is not doing well. 
 Of potatoes. White Elephant is taking the lead at present, the Rose not doing well. A good many potatoes 
 rotted both in cellars and pits. ' 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Early and Late Rose are the leading varieties ; potatoes rotted seri- 
 ously in cellars and pits. 
 
 Thomas McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : The leading varieties of potatoes are Early Rose, White Ele- 
 phant, Beauty of Hebren, Burbank's Seedling, and White Star, with some others ; a number of varieties 
 from Prince Edward Island are being sought after. Rot has not been very destructive siiloe lifting time. 
 
 Robert Cromar, Pilkington, Wellington : The only new variety of oats hereabout is the Early Cluster, 
 which does weU, but is apt to lodge. 
 
 John McNab, West Luther, Wellington : There is a new variety of wheat being introduced, it is called 
 the " Illinois Blue Stem." Rot did no harm in pits, but it destroyed the potatoes m the cellars. 
 
 John Preston, Garafraxa, Dufferin : Early Rose potatoes are generally grown. There are some of the 
 St. Patrick grown and they have done well and kept well. 
 
 Robert Dickon, Luther East, Dufferin : Potatoes wintered well, with little or no rot, and they are 
 cheap. • , , I 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln: Black barley did very well last year with the few who tried 
 it. No loss from rot where potatoes were properly sorted and stored. There is plenty of good seed corn. 
 
 James Stull, Grantham, Lincoln : Beauty of Hebron, Early and Late Rose, White Elephant, White 
 Star, ^d Late Ohio potatoes; all do well on the sand. The quality of Indian corn was very good last 
 fall, but it was badly cured on account of the long wet weather. 
 
 T. A. Walker, Ancaster, Wentworth: There is quite a demand for Mensurey barley, which gave a 
 heavy' yield last year, running from 50 to 60 bushels per acre. 
 
 W M Calder Glanford, Wentworth : The kinds of potatoes chiefly grown are the Early and Late 
 Eose/thrBeSity of Hebron and the White Elephant. Tfie latter rotted badly last season, the rot continu- 
 ing after they were placed in the cellar. 
 
40 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The White Star potato is a heavy cropper and a good keeper, 
 not being subject to rot, but is woody and not a good table potato. The Rose is degenerating and will soon 
 disappear. The White Elephant is a great cropper and a splendid table potato. 
 
 N. V. Watson, Ohinguacousy, Peel : The merits of Mensurey or Russian barley are disputed, though 
 the varieties are heavier and coarser than the common ^ix rowed grain. 
 
 F. Sleightholm, Toronto Gore, Peel : The Early Rose potato seems to have stood the season as well 
 as any. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : Mensurey barley to some extent, a good yielding kind ; but has 
 the reputation of being an inferior malting variety, will not become popular on that account. Very few 
 potatoes were carefully picked, potatoes that were planted and early taken up were perfectly free from rot. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousjf, Peel : Mensurey barley has been tried, and in many cases fanners who 
 were induced to buy small quantities of it for seed by unscrupulous agents, hearing unfavoiu-able reports of 
 its malting properties ground it up for feed. 
 
 Simpson Rennie, Markham, York : About the only new variety of seed grain is the Bohemian oats j 
 their only merit is to relieve the simple farmer of his money. 
 
 T>. Fotheringham, North York : I had a few bushels of English purple top potatoes in the garden along- 
 side of Early Rose and Clark's No. 1, and while the two latter were affected with rot the former was not. 
 
 R. M. Van Norman, North Gwillimbury, York : The Early and Late Rose potato is principally grown 
 here and seems to be well adapted to the soil, and kept well during the winter. 
 
 S. Beall, Whitby, Ontario : Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron and St. Patrick are the kinds mostly in 
 favour in this neighbourhood. The rot affected these very little during .the winter. The supply of good 
 seed corn is rather limited. 
 
 Joseph Picket, Uxbridge, Ontario : The Early and Late Rose and the Beauty of Hebron are preferred, 
 not being so bitter as the other varieties. Potatoes kept pretty well in this locality through the winter, 
 
 Lafayette Weller, Scott, Ontario : Have not heard of any loss from rot. Potatoes are only worth 25 
 cents a bag now. 
 
 Jos. TMonkhouse, Pickering, Ontario : Potatoes effected by rot to a considerable extent but plenty are 
 to be had at 50 cents to 60 cents per bag. 
 
 James Leask, Scott, Ontario : There are a good many -sowing Manitoba Fyfe wheat, being the old 
 Scotch wheat that did so well for a number of years. 
 
 James MoCuUough, Jr., Uxbridge, Ontario : Early and Late Rose potatoes have been grown here 
 largely for the past few years, but last season they were not good for using and this year farmers are chang- 
 ing the seed. A number are getting the Beauty of Hebron. 
 
 Joseph McGrath, Mara, Ontario : Early and Late Rose, Beauty of Hebron are very good and the old 
 Cup potato is doing very well again. They did not rot bad during winter; Potatoes grown on heavy 
 land rotted more than those grown on light land. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : Farmers seem to be getting careless about wheat ; barley is all the rage. 
 
 Robert Hodge, sr., Clarke, Durham : The Early Rose is a good early productive potato : the Bur- 
 bank seedling is a good, summer potato, of a hardy nature and does not grow so much to sprout. The 
 potato rot did not amount to much, after the potatoes were put in the cellars late iii the fall. There is 
 plenty of good seed corn. • 
 
 H. A Walker, Hope, Durham : All the potatoes that were grown on heavy land rotted, whether put in 
 pit or cellar. 
 
 R. J. Rutherford, Haldimand, Northumberland,: Potatoes grown here are principally Burbank's Seed- 
 ling and Rose. The Burbank is considered the best.' No complaints of rot in the cellar. 
 
 M. Morden, Brighton, Northumberland : To a considerable extent there is a scarcity of potatoes this 
 spring and they bring a good price; The supply of seed corn is short and the quality poor. 
 
 A. E. Mallory, M. D., Percy, Northumberland : There is plenty of seed corn, and of very fair quality. 
 
 B. J. Honay, Percy, Northumberland : I think the potatoes kept weU through the winter except what 
 got frozen, as the winter was very severe. 
 
 Wm. P. Dempsey, Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Early Ohio, in the early sorts, has the greatest cul- 
 tivation ; the Peerless stands next as a late potato. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Quite a number have sown the pease called Runnera 
 and Early Kent, and Black Eye for the seed houses. They are contracted for at a fair price. Potatoes 
 were very badly affected with the rot ; a good many lost their pits ; some saved well and others lost heavy 
 lots in their cellars in winter. Seed corn is very scarce. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Early Ohio potatoes. Early Rose, White Elephant and White Star 
 are grown herein the order given. About one-third of the potatoes rotted in pits and cellars during the 
 winter. 
 
 Amos Hawkins, Eldon, Victoria : Welcome oats were introduced here a year or two ago, but so far 
 their success is not flattering. Mensurey barley has been sown this year to quite an extent. Of potatoes 
 the Beauty of Hebron takes the lead for a general cropper. ' 
 
 F. Train, Somerville, Victoria : We are trying in this part of the township the Tartary oats and the 
 Welcome. Very few potatoes rotted this year in pits. » 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : Early Rose, Snow Flake, Early Ohio, and Peerless are the 
 favourite potatoes here ; fully one-half rotted in cellars and pits. 
 
41 
 
 John A. Jackson, Eldon, Victoria : The Early Rose appears to have served its time, run out, and will 
 not be planted so commonly this year. The rot did not affect the potatoes to any great extent in pits or 
 cellars where they were properly sorted in the fall. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Several farmers have sown a few bushels of the reliable (all wheat. 
 It looks well but not any better than the Clawson. Many are sowing the Colorado spring wheat ; it was 
 the best last season. Of oats the Welcome is being introduced. It is three weeks earlier than the White 
 Russian and weighs heavy. 
 
 Alex. Smith, Dummer, Peterboro' : The White and Morning Star potatoes are coming into favour. 
 There is not much rot. 
 
 Thomas Tellford, Ennismore, Peterboro' : About one-fourth of the potato cCop has been lost through 
 rot. The supply of seed corn is large but cannot recommend the seed ; have bought all mine from a dis- 
 tance. 
 
 F. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterborough : Most of the potatoes seem to be affected with the rpt when on 
 heavy clay land, but on sandy land they were hardly affected at all. About one-third was rotten when dug 
 on heavy land, and about one-quarter of what was put in the cellars was affected in the spring. 
 
 Hugh Calwell, Chandos, Peterboro : Lost Nation wheat was tried last year, but ths grain is too small 
 and we don't care to sow it. White Russian is the best. 
 
 James S. Cavinduff, Harvey, Peterborough : Clawson for winter wheat, and White Russian and White 
 Fyfe for spring, are the kinds mostly sown. .Some lost about half their potato crop last fall who did not 
 dig them early, and cover in small pits in the field, and sort over thoroughly before storing in cellar. 
 Very few rotted in good dry bins in cellar. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterborough : Early Rose, White Elephant, Beauty of Hebron, St. Patrick, 
 Snow Flake, Early Vermont, Granger and Early Household are common potatoes. I grow some thirty 
 varieties and prefer Beauty of Hebron, St. Patrick, Granger, Early Rose, Early Household and White Star. 
 Not any rot where a proper division was made last fall at time of storing, by pitting for say a fortnight^ 
 removing rotten from sound, and putting away dry. 
 
 John Lang, Otonabee, Peterborough : We are using more Colorado spring wheat and less Russian this: 
 year. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton ; Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron, White Elephant are com- 
 monly grown. No rot ; they are just lovely. A thousand bushels could be bought here at thirty-five 
 cents a bushel. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : The Egyptian oats do remarkably well here. Early Rose 
 potatoes are largely grown ; Beauty of Hebron and Surprise seem excellent in quality and very productive. 
 Potatoes did not keep very well in pits or cellars last winter, although the rot has not been serious here yet. 
 
 D. Kavanagh, Dungannon and Faraday, Hastings : White Fyfe wheat is generally sown and seems to 
 do the best for this locality. The rot did no harm in cellars or pits. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : I think Dempsey seedlings the best potatoes ; they did not rot nearly , 
 as bad as other varieties. There was very little rot after cellaring or pitting. Seed corn is very scarce, 
 generally speaking. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyeudinaga, Histings : There was very little rot considering the condition in which 
 potatoes were put in. The supply of seed corn is seemingly ample. 
 
 John Sharp, Em*ttown, Lennox and Addington : Beauty of Hebron and Burbank's seedling will be 
 densly planted. The Rose potatoes have pretty well run out. Good seed corn is rather scarce. 
 
 P. W.Miller, Kaladar, Lennox and Addington: Early Rose, Late Rose, Billy White Elephant 
 and White Star are grown. Early Rose holds its own with any. There was very little- rot in cellar or pit. 
 The supply of seed corn is suflficient and good. 
 
 John Elkington, M. D.^ Palmerston, Frontenac: Early Rose potatoes are chiefly grown. There was 
 much rot, but it did not occur in pits or cellars ; consequently, as it was supposed pnces would rule high in 
 the spring, farmers were saving and cautious and there is almost a glut ; some cannot sell at twenty tive 
 cents per bushel, at which rate they are offered. 
 
 Robert Cooke, Bedford, Frontenac : Potatoes planted on low clay ground ='"/f*f''^"*^"?°"fst those 
 on high land there was very little rot. The supply of seed corn is not large, and the quality is not very 
 
 ^°° M. M. Melville, Howe Island, Frontenac : Potatoes are all gone with rot. Farmers have to buy their 
 seed and eating potatoes. 
 
 M Spoor, Wolfe Island, Frontenac: The cultivation of wheat is about abandoned, owing to the low 
 price and the pest of wild pease which grows with the wheat here and cannot be separated. 
 
 AlPx Ritchie Storrington, Frontenac : Martin Amber faU wheat is likely to take the lead, as the 
 mme^sUie it and-itstondf the winter very well. Where properly picked over m the fall not many potatoes 
 rotted, but where they were dug and put right into cellars, halt rottea. 
 
 unsaleable at twenty cents. Some farmers lost half their crop after bemg housed. . , . ^ . 
 
 G. F. Deane, Lansdowne F., Leeds and Grenville: Red Fyfe wheat from Manitoba is being sown 
 considerably. Had rot in the fall, but not very much in cellars. 
 
 J. A. Russell. Bastard, Leeds : Chillis, Beauty of Hebron, Early Rose and Morton potatoes are grown. 
 
 half rotted in pits and cellars. 
 
42 
 
 Thos. McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : The rot affected potatoes pretty badly in cellars and 
 farmers had to keep sorting continually. The supply, however, this spring exceeds the demand ; good 
 potatoes selling at twenty cents per bushel. 
 
 Alex. Farlinger, Williamsburg, Dundas : Early Rose potatoes are largely grown. Rot affected potatoes 
 badly last fall, but they have wintered well and there is plenty for local purposes. There are many 
 varieties. Early Rose predominating. Early corn, eight or twelve rowed, farmers plant for their own use 
 •one to two acres each. 
 
 Robert Vallance, Osnabruck, Stormont: Early Rose and Bfeauty of Hebron are popular potatoes, 
 excellent in quality, yielding well. There was not much rot in cellars after fall sorting. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Russian White and White Fyfe are considered the best wheats, 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Chili, Early Rose and English Red potatoes are grown. The 
 rot did not do much harm. 
 
 Paul LabroBse, Hawkesbury, E., Prescott : Chili and Early Rose potatoes are liked here. Potatoes 
 are not rotting, except a few of them, as is the case in every winter. Every farmer provides his own seed 
 corn every year from the best ears of good quality ; the supply is in my opinion sufficient. 
 
 James Surch, Plantagenet S., Prescott : The Porter oat has been introduced by a few farmers ; my 
 experience proves it to be a good yielding oat, but it does not answer on my farm, which is low and loamy, 
 a;a they require a long season to ripen. i 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, Hawkesbury W., Prescott : There are not many potatoes on hand here, but what there 
 are are good. 
 
 John McLellan, Clarence, Russell : Early Rose and Peach Blows are grown largely. There was no rot. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, Russell, Russell : White Russian wheat is not so well liked for flour as the old Black 
 Sea. Early Rose is the principal potato ; probably forty per cent, of the potatoes rotted. 
 
 T. M. Robertson, Nepean, Carleton : Early Rose and Garnet Chili are commonly grown ; Early Rose 
 IS the best general purpose potato, but Chili doe» best on clay land. Potatoes were not much affected by rot. 
 
 P. E. Bucke, Ottawa, Carleton : The Early Rose is still held in first favour here, but the Early Ver- 
 mont is gaining. Potatoes are plentiful at fifty cents a bag, of one and a-half bushel. I should therefore 
 judge that the rot was not so destructive as anticipated. 
 
 R. Serson, Fitzroy, Carleton : Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron, Chili and White Elephant are common 
 potatoes ,; don't think there is much difference in their produce ; Early Rose sells the best. Potatoes ha*e 
 kept well through the winter. 
 
 J; J- Smith, Gloucester, Carleton: Thos. McKay & Co., millers, of Ottawa, have imported 1,600 
 bushels of oats from Scotland, for seed ; 800 bushels of the Dandy, and 800 bushels of the Hamilton Prolific. 
 Both fine specimens, weighing forty-five pounds to the bushel. 
 
 Robert McLaren, Horton, Renfrew : The spring wheat most in favour is White Fyfe ; it is liked well 
 ri?!-v ? here. The varieties of potatoes known here are too numerous to mention, but for a field crop the 
 Chill variety takes the lead as yet. There was considerable damage from rot on low lands. 
 
 David Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew : The Cup potato is the best for all use. There was no rot in pit or 
 cellar. 
 
 George Sparling, Stafford, Renfrew : Black Cups, Chili, Early Rose and other varieties are grown. The 
 rot did not affect them to any extent. There is sufficient seed corn. 
 
 Gavin Hamilton, Ramsay, Lanark : A large quantity of Manitoba wheat, of the Red Fyfe variety has 
 been brought m here this season, and has been distributed in this county for seed. Early Rose, Beauty of 
 Hebron, Peach Blows and Chili take the lead amongst potatoes ; affected by rot this year, but not to any 
 serious extent. Common yellow corn plentiful, but fodder corn seed has to be imported. 
 
 Robert Lawson, jr., Lanark : Rot was very bad both in cellars and pits ; I never remember of the rot 
 being so bad as it was this year. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : The North Lanark Agricultural Society brought in a car of Red 
 1 ife wheat from Manitoba. Early Rose potato are mostly planted ; there was lio rot in i otatoes. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monk: There has been a great exchange of seed<; that brought in from the front 
 usually has to be hand picked, there are so many noxious weeds. Hebron and Rose potatoes are common ; 
 there has been no rot. 
 
 A. Weaneko, Morrison, Muskoka : Potatoes in pits were mostly frozen— the frost entered deep into the 
 ground last winter ; some were on the other side and covered too much and lost them by rot. • Potatoes 
 taken out early in the fall, when the soil was dry ; did not rot any in the cellars during the winter. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Early Rose, Beauty 'of Hebron and Black Cups are largely 
 grown ; the first was the potato for our shorter season, but it ij being found that Be.iuty of Hebron is as 
 early (or earlier) as prolific, and better for the table ; and especially better toward sprinsi, bein» a better 
 keeper ; have heard no complaints here about rot. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Sault Ste. Marie, Algoma : Early Rose, White Elephant and Beauty of Hebron are 
 common potatoes and all good. There was no rot whatever. 
 
43 
 
 FRUIT TREES AND VEGETATION. 
 
 Vegetation in. the middle of May was every where much more advanced than in 
 •ordinary seasons, and ten to twenty days earlier than last year. The spring opened 
 A little later than usual, but the genial weather without any severe frosts which prevailed 
 after the middle of April-sent vegetation forward with a bound. In the southern counties 
 the plum, peach and cherry trees blossomed in the latter part of April and the apple 
 trees at the beginning of May. In higher and colder districts, as in the southern part of 
 d-rey, fourteen hundred feet above sea level, vegetation was about two weeks later, and 
 .a,t the middle of May apple blossoms were about to op^n. In many counties forest 
 vegetation and grass were equally forward, but in many others the former is more advanced 
 than the latter, which apparently would have been benefitted by a little more rain. In 
 A very few localities constituting unimportant exceptions to the general forwardness, and 
 ■owing to drought or excessive cold rains, grass did not show more growth than in ordinary 
 ^seasons. Generally it is ten days or more earlier than last year, and in the more southerly 
 counties many cattle were put to pasture in April or at the beginning of May, and in the 
 •colder counties nearly everywhere cattle were grazing by the middle of the latter month. 
 A more favourable spring for live stock and vegetation is not often experienced, and has 
 not been equalled since 1878, if even then, for although the spring of that year was 
 much earlier and warmer, a severe frost in the first part of May did much damage to fruit. 
 
 Fruit prospects, considering the condition in which trees entered the winter, have 
 rarely been better. Over almost the whole of the western half of the Province corres- 
 pondents speak in glowing terms of the magnificent bloom covering the apple trees, and 
 such plum and cherry trees as have survived the black knot and curculio, while over 
 central and eastern Ontario the prospect appears scarcely inferior. Everywhere the apple 
 •crop promises to be larger than usual, and over most of the Province an enormous one. 
 Pear trees, without exception, are reported healthy,, and were covered with bloom. 
 Wherever the plum has survived the ravages of the curculio and of black knot it promises 
 an unusual yield, but the counties not reporting much damage from one or other of these 
 •causes are few. In most parts of Essex, Kent, Welland and Huron the plum trees are 
 healthy and promise a very good crop. In every section of the Province, and especially 
 in Elgin, Perth, Bruce, Grey, Waterloo, Dufferin, Durham, Northumberland and the 
 Lake Ontario counties generally, there are many localities where the plum is now scarcely 
 <:ultivated, the ravages of the black knot having been so disastrous. The cherry likewise, 
 •especially through western Ontario, has been injured by the same disease, and in some 
 localities the cherry trees once so common are now almost unknown. The ravages of 
 black knot appear to be increasing in many counties. Grapes and small fruits, 
 where incidentally mentioned by correspondents, appear to promise well. The peach 
 ■crop, however, is again a failure — apparently a worse failure than it was last year. 
 Essex is the only oiin of the Lake Erie counties in which it promises a good yield. In 
 Keai th re are a f^'W localities where peaches are likely to be gathered in quantity, but 
 in Elgin and Norfolk the failure i.s almost complete, and in Welland only a small fraction 
 •of a crop is likely to lie gither.d. In the Lake Huron counties the only good outlook is 
 reported from a very narrow strip along the lake and south of Goderich. A few peach 
 trees are reported to be in blossom in Keppel, in Grey county, and in one locality in 
 Princp Edward county. In the whole of the West Midland counties the crop is a com- 
 plfitf fill lire, with tlif doubtful exception of one ,or two localities in North Middlesex, 
 where a few pea.li. s may l.e ga'here.l. In the great peach growing county of Lincoln, a 
 suiall area around Niagara ref-orts an average prospect ; elsewhere both in Lincoln and 
 Wentwortli the crop is a total failure. In Kent, Elgin, Middlesex, Lambton and else- 
 where peach trees are reported killed, but this appears to be largely on account of injury 
 in former years. A Middlesex correspondent ascribes the destruction of the peach buds 
 tj the temperature of February 6th, when the mercury in Toronto fell lower than at any 
 time in .ho- previous thirty years. Except in regard to this important crop the fruit 
 prospect is better than for several years, and there appears to be little likelihood that any 
 cause can now prevent a fruit crop above the average. 
 
44 
 
 Much damage is reported iri a few localities from storms. Two storms are especially 
 noted. One of these, the great storm of early April, did little damage to orchards or 
 forests excepting in the townships of Marysburg, Athol and Hallowell, in the southern 
 part of Prince Edward county. The land comprising these townships is exceptionally 
 exposed to the sweep of easterly and westerly winds over Lake Ontario, and here the 
 storm ravaged both orchard and forest, tearing up hundreds of trees A very large area 
 of country extending over a portion of Halibvirton, the northern townships of Hastings, 
 Addington, Frontenac, and part of Lanark, Carleton and Eenfrew was affected about the 
 19th of March by a storm of sleet, which, freezing as it fell, covered the trees with a 
 coating of ice. Fruit trees suffered much mutilation and destruction, and the forest 
 trees over a part of the district were badly broken. A correspondent in Frontenac says : 
 " Maple trees were so badly broken that no sugar was made ; the sap ran from the tops 
 like continuous rain. The forest for miles is strewn with broken limbs, tops and trunks." 
 Damage from ice freezing on the trees is also reported from two townships in Dufferin. 
 But the orchard area is small in the districts aftected by these storms, and consequently 
 they can have no appreciable effect on the fruit crop of the Province. 
 
 Robert Manery, Mereea, Essex : Apples, peaches, plums, cherries and pears are perfect loads of blooin. 
 I never have seen a better appearance. 
 
 A. W. Cohoe, Rochester, Essex : Grass is ten inches high. The bloom is nearly off the fruit trees, and 
 was abundant. Very little if any injury was done by the winter. 
 
 Henry Morand^ Sandwich B., Essex : Grass is longer than in June last year at this date. Every fruit 
 tree has a big promise of fruit. The winter did not in the least injure fruit trees. 
 
 Wm^ McCormack, Pelee Island, Essex : All the fruit trees have a good appearance, and suffered very 
 little during the winter. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, ^ssex : All fruit trees have a very good appearance, though the peach has not 
 got over the winter before last. 
 
 W. E. Wagstaff, Gosfield, Essex : All vegetation is about three weeks earlier than usual. Grass is 
 forward, but meadows will not be heavy, and I think hay will not be as plentiful as last year. Trees are in 
 full leaf and full of bloom. Apple, peach, plum and cherry, indeed all fruits, promise to be a great crop. 
 The wmter did not hurt anything. A frost on the 8th did slight injury to grapes and strawberries. 
 
 W. McKenzie Ross, Harwich, Kent : The apple trees are in fuU bloom (10th May) and never was the 
 show so good. Peaches will be a fair crop. Plums are formed, and every tree is loaded. Cherries are also 
 loaded with fruit. The pear is this day the glory of my orchard— 2,500 dwarf and standard pears, with 
 their fruits set m over 100 different sorts, surround my habitation, and if Adam and Eve had a more beauti- 
 ful home m Eden they ought to be happy. Two magnolias, with their splendid cup-like shaped flowers^ 
 standing on the lawn in front of the house, charm all the lovers of the beautiful in Nature as they pass by. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Vegetation is about ten days earlier than in an average season. The 
 prospects are good for apple, cherry and small fruits. There are no peaches or plums in this locality. There 
 IS no appearance of damage from winter frosts. 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : The apple, plum and cherry trees are one mass of blossoms. Peaoh 
 trees were nearly all killed or severely injured by frost. 
 
 Thomas E. Routledge, Orford, Kent : I never saw a better show for apples and cherries. The peaoh 
 trees nearly all died a year ago. All trees came through the winter all right. 
 
 .John Bishop, Orford, Kent : Beech and maple and some few other varieties are out in leaf. Ash, oak 
 and walnut are just opemng out. Apple, peach, pear and cherry are in full bloom. On the early peaches 
 the fruit has formed, and there is every appearance of a heavy crop. Plums had a full share of blossoms, 
 the fruit IS formed, and would no doubt be a good crop but for the curculio. 
 
 - John Wright, Dover, Kent : Vegetation is very early notwithstanding the backwardness in AprU. 
 iruit trees very full of blossom, and early all in full bloom. Peaches are only middling; the winter has 
 not hurt them much. 
 
 Charles Chute, Malahide, Elgin : Grass covers the ground six to eight inches in depth. Forest trees 
 are nearly in full leaf, excepting the oak and walnut. Apple trees look well ; peaches are nearly all killed ; 
 plum trees are full of blows, but the curculios take all the fruit. Cherries and apples were not affected any 
 by the winter. 
 
 L. M. Brown, Dorchester S., Elgin : Apple, peach, cherry and plum trees all loaded with blossoms, 
 some young peach trees of mine were partly frozen down during winter. 
 
 George A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : Forest vegetation is ten days earUer than last year. Fruit has the- 
 best appearance in this locality we have had for years. The winter did no injury. 
 
 J. W. Howey, Bayham, Elgin : Apple, plum and cherry trees are full of blossoms, but a great many 
 plum and cherry trees have been destroyed by black knot. Peach trees have hardly any blossoms, and 
 some trees are dead. . ■• j > 
 
45 
 
 Herbert Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : Grass is remarkably forward, six or eight inches high in places. 
 Apple, plum, cherry and pear trees are looking and blossoming well, but peach trees look bad and have no 
 blossoms. No fruit trees appear to have been affected by the winter but the peach trees, and they may 
 come on better later. 
 
 W. W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Vegetation is a little in advance of ordinary seasons. Fruit trees 
 are healthy, with a big prospect of a heavy crop. There are no peaches, but other fruits are not hurt 
 apparently. 
 
 Thomas M. England, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Aj)ples are good ; peaches very poor ; plums middling ; 
 cherries poor. . Pears have a good appearance. 
 
 William Mehary, Houghton, Norfolk : Grass and forest vegetation is two weeks ahead of last year. 
 Apples and peaches are making a splendid appearance. Plums along the lake shore in Houghton look 
 well. Cherry trees are all cut down on account of the black knot, and there will be but very few cherries. 
 Winter has not affected fruit trees. 
 
 .J ames Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : All fruit trees look well and are covered with blossom, except 
 
 John A. Campbell, Windham, Norfolk : Fruit trees are white with blossoifl. The winter has been very 
 favourable. 
 
 John H. Houser, Canborough Haldimand ; Grass is a month earlier than last year. The apple is ready 
 to bloom, and the peach, plum and cherry are all in blossom. The winter has been favourable for fruit. 
 
 Arthur Simenton, Seneca, Haldimand : Vegetation is very early — ten days ahead of last year. There 
 is a splendid prospect for fruit. No damage was done in the winter. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : The appearance of the apple, plum and cherry is the be»t I have 
 ever seen. An abundant yield is looked for. Winter seems to have done them no harm. 
 
 Joel Misener, Moulton, Haldimand : Fruit promises to be abundant. The winter has killed all peach 
 blossoms and many trees. { 
 
 JohnSerm, Oneida, Haldimand : Apples are in prime condition. Plum and cherry trees affected by 
 black knot. 
 
 Daniel Near, Humberstone, Welland : Vegetation is very forward ; all fruit promises well. The winter 
 did not do injury to any extent. 
 
 Charles Henderson, Wainfleet, Welland : Fruit trees are well loaded with blossoms ; the winter seems 
 to have had no serious effect on them. 
 
 John Mclntyre, Crowland, Welland : Apple and cherry trees are in good condition ; peaches not so 
 favourable. 
 
 S. H. Van Every, Pelham, Welland ; Fruit trees are looking fine with exception of peach trees, on 
 which the winter has destroyed all the fruit buds. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : Last year there was an unusually heavy crop of apples in this 
 locality : this season, although there wiU not be a heavy yield, blossoms indaoate that there will be enough 
 for home use. Cherry, pear and plum trees blossomed well, the former profusely. 
 
 John Graus, Sombra, Lambton : Over two weeks earUer than last year. Fruit trees are in full bloom ; 
 blossoms are less numerous than last year, but if frost is escaped there is enough for a fair crop. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : The appearance of all kinds of fruit trees, with the exception of 
 peach! is splendid. I ^°^'^ t^iiik the winter has affected them at aU; the peach has not recovered smce 
 last year. 
 
 J. Dobie, Bosanquet, Lambton : Prospects are good for an abundant harvest of apples, plums, cherries 
 
 and other fruit. ,,-,.■ r 1 rn n 
 
 Edward Bowlby, Brook, Lambton: All f5:uits are good except the peach, which is a failure. lo all 
 
 appearl^ce fm?t trees not injured, except peach, which has not overcome the injury from the winter before. 
 James Watson Moore, Lambton : Apple trees look healthy, and notwithstanding the heavy crop last 
 
 vear are covered wth blossoms ; except the trees that were overloaded. Cherry and plums tree are rich m 
 
 bbssom; peaches are sickly and have no blossoms, but on our clay soils few peaches are cultivated. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron: Plums are full of blossom, but the trees do not look healthy; plums 
 
 will be scarce. , , , , , . 
 
 Ai „„^„Mnn Allan Goderich Huron ; Further advanced than I have ever known at this season ; 
 aUrteT^t'^^ro^fprtmrsed!' WS very little damage along the lake shore ; peach trees are 
 
 well in bloom and the winter did them no injury. 
 
 F^nkMnrlev Usbome Huron: Forest trees are almost in full leaf ; apple and cherry trees are looking 
 
 "^ M'alcolm McDonald, Wawanosh West Huron :^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 :^rf^?otiiV£nlr^rmeiearcU^^^^^^ ,^ .^^ .^ 
 
 Thoma. Gunn. Goderich, Huron : Apple, peach, plum and cherry trees are lookmg well, with consider- 
 
 ^^^'jlmeTTremer, HuUett, Huron : There is a very good show of blossom of the fruit trees, especiaUy on 
 the cherries. The winter has not injured them. ,. ,. ■ 
 
 " ■ „ „„,„„ . Vegetation looks from two to three weeks earlier than in previous years ; 
 
 the tre\7a:e'ilfie?it& anTfuil Worn"" The whiter has done no injury whatever to fruit trees. 
 
46 
 
 Thomas Fraser, Huron, Bruce : Plenty of cattle were on grass in April.- There is a splendid show for 
 ajjples, peaches and cherries ; plums were an extra crop last year and many trees are resting this year. The 
 winter did no harm to fruit trees. 
 
 Peter Torrance, Kinloss, Bruce : Vegetation is earlier than it has been tor eight years ; cattle are turned 
 to pasture. The apple, plumb and cherry are well loaded with blossom. 
 
 .John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Grass is three weeks ahead of the average season, but the forest not quite 
 so much. The apple trees are now in blossom and promise a very heavy crop. Plums were nearly all killed 
 three years ago. 
 
 J. B. Bitchie, Greenock, Bruce ; Vegetation is more forward than usual. On the 8th inst. apple trees 
 were ready to burst out in bloom. Young stock can get enough grass to keep them pretty fair. Plum trees 
 are nearly all dead and cherries are going too. There is promise of a good apple crop. Winter has done 
 no harm to fruit. 
 
 D. McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : Clover and timothy are fully six inches high ; all fruit trees are in full 
 bloom and heavily loaded ; they wintered well. 
 
 James Weatherhead, Lindsay, Bruce : Fruit trees have not a good appearance ; the winter frost hurt 
 them. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Grass is extra good. Fruit trees look healthy. Three or four miles from 
 the lake, cherry trees were in bloom on the last day of April ; along the lake they are generally two weeks 
 later.' 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Apple, peach, plum, cherry and other fruit trees are promising a heavy 
 crop of ^uit, and have stood the winter well. 
 
 R. Gillies, Sullivan, Grey : Wild plum trees were in full bloom on 2nd May, being nineteen days earlier 
 than last year, and four days earlier than in thirty years here. 
 
 Wm. Milne, Osprey, Grey : Vegetation is two weeks earlier than usual. The appearance of fruit is. 
 good, but last night there was a hard frost. 
 
 Joseph M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : The forests are green ; leaf about half natural size, and grass i& 
 three or four inches high. Apple, plum and cherry trees are making a great show for blossoms. 
 
 Walter Hartman, St. Vincent, Grey :. All fruit trees look well ; plums, cherries and pears are in blossom. 
 No injury was done by the winter. 
 
 James Shearer, Egremont, Grey : Plums were in full blossom on May 6th. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : Fruit trees of all kinds look well. Some young fruit trees were frozen 
 around the stem at snow line by frequent thaws succeeded by hard frosts. 
 
 George Buskin, Artemesia, Grey : Fruit trees are leafing out, with the prospect of plenty of blossom j 
 much of the bark on trunk is loose and many of the trees will die. 
 
 Samuel Dickson, Bentinck, Grey : All fruit trees look well ; nearly all covered with blossom : no bad 
 effects from winter are noticeable. 
 
 Jas. Brodie, Artemesia, Grey : There never was a better prospect for an abundance of fruit ; trees stood 
 the winter well. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Apple trees look well, and carry a large show of blossom. There i& 
 scarcely a plum tree left in the whole district ; the black knot has taken them all. Cherries and small fruit 
 promise a large yield ; all seem to have wintered well. 
 
 Geo. Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : Grass and forest vegetation is unusually forward ; the forest trees were 
 out in leaf on the 1st of May. Apple trees are in full blossom (15th May), with prospect of a large crop of 
 apples. The fruit is just setting on plum and cherry trees. 
 
 BasU R. Rowe, Orillia, Simcoe : In consequence of the warm weather immediately after the snow went 
 off, vegetation generally is more forward than usual although the spring was late. 
 
 Geo. Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Trees are leafing out in the bush ; apples are just coming into blossom ; 
 the plum is in full bloom and the cherry also ; not many trees are killed ; they stood the winter better than 
 last year ; there are a great many lice on leaves and buds. 
 
 Thos. McCabe, Adjala, Simcoe: Grass and forest vegetation is more forward than for years. The 
 appearance of fruit is above the average. 
 
 Arch. Thomson, Orillia and Matchedash, Simcoe : Grass and forest vegetation^ I should say, are ten 
 days earlier than last year. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nqttawasaga, Simcoe : Never saw vegetation finer at this season ; the prospects for fruit 
 are very good ; the winter has not hurt any of the trees. 
 
 James Robertson, Flos, Simcoe : Grass and forest vegetation are two weeks eaUier than last spring ; 
 pasture is getting good ; the appearance of fruit trees is very good. 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, vicinity of Wardsville, Middlesex : Fruit trees are loaded with blossoms, except peach 
 trees, many old ones being finished during the vonter and all the blossom buds completely killed on the young 
 trees which survived. 
 
 Wm. Watcher, Dorchester N., Middlesex : I never saw better prospects for apples, cherries and plums ; 
 all are entirely covered with blossom ; the winter has had no bad effect on fruft trees whatever. There 
 was a heavy frost last night which, I fear, has done some damage to fruit. 
 
 J. Grimason, Carodoc, Middlesex : Grass and forest vegetation very good ; tlje appearance of apple, 
 cherry and pear trees is pretty good ; of peach and plum trees there are very few in this locality ; not worth 
 reporting on ; fruit trees have been injured by the winter. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : Vegetation was two weeks earlier than last year ; most stock was out 
 by the 1st of May. The prospects for all kinds of fruit, excepting peaches and plums, were never better. 
 
47 
 
 Peter Stewart, Williams West, Middlesex: Trees of all kinds, except plums, (there are none here) look 
 well, but crab apples are not in so full bloom as usual. 
 
 Wm. Jamieson, Westminster, Middlesex ; As heavy a show of blossoms as I ever remember seeing, the 
 peach and plum excepted ; the plum of late years became so diseased as to necessitate cutting down, and few 
 seem to care for replanting, and the peach is little cultivated. No injury was done by»the wmter. 
 
 Joseph Howlet, Delaware, Middlesex : Far advanced above last year ; the prospect for fruit is very fair, 
 with the exception of Spies ; cherries are good ; the winter has left no peaches. 
 
 Alex. Smith, McGillivray, Middlesex : Apple trees look well and promise an abundant blossom. There 
 are not many peach, plum, or cherry trees in tnis locality ; trees stood the winter well. 
 
 ' Wm. Wright, McGillivray, Middlesex : Apple and cherry trees promise an abundant crop if the season ia 
 favourable ; trees that bore little fruit last year are covered with blossom ; trees that bore a heavy crop last 
 year don't show much blossom. I think last winter did no injury to fruit trees but some apple trees are now 
 showing dead limbs ; that I think was caused by the severe winter previously. • 
 
 David Webster, Mosa, Middlesex : Apple, plum and cherry trees are loaded with blossom. There are 
 no peach blossoms except in very sheltered places. The winter does not appear to have done any more 
 damage than to have killed all the peach blossom. 
 
 Wm. W. Revington, Biddulph, Middlesex : Apple, plum and peach trees are in full bloom, and so far 
 are all right. 
 
 Richard JoUiffe, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Apple, plum and cherry trees are giving every indica- 
 tion of good yield. I think I never saw the trees so full of blossoms. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Ekfrid, Middlesex : The plum was in blossom 26th April ; the apple, May 3rd. There 
 is great promise of fruit. Peach trees were killed by frost of previous winter. 
 
 W. Sutherland, Ekfrid, Middlesex : There are no peach blossoms and few peach trees. Sinoe 15th 
 April there has been no frost to injure vegetation. 
 
 R. Goad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : There is a fair amount of blossoms on apple trees which did not bea;f last 
 year. The peach blossoms were all killed by the cold snap of 5th February. I suppose curculio takes the 
 whole plum crop. The cherry is crowded with blossoms ; other sorts of fruit are fairly well. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Apple trees are now out in full blossom, and so are plums, cherries, 
 and pears. There is every appearance of a heavy crop of fruit. No injury from winter. 
 
 D. S. Butterfield, North Norwich, Oxford : Apples, pears and early cherries are blossoming very full.. 
 The winter killed all the peach blossom. 
 
 James G. Pettit, East Oxford, Oxford : The prospect is good for a plentiful supply of apples ; peaches,, 
 none ; plums and cherries not much better, as the trees have been mostly destroyed by black knot. 
 
 John Henderson, Nissouri E., Oxford : We have more grass than we had the first week in June last, 
 year, and I never saw a better show of blossoms on all kinds of trees. 
 
 W. M. Ryan, Dereham, Oxford ; I have never seen a better prospect for apples. The others have been 
 cut down to a large extent on account of black knot. 
 
 J. R. Johnson, Norwich S., Oxford : Fruit trees are thrifty, except the plum and cherry. There is a 
 great prospect for fruit. No injury was done by the winter. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Vegetation is very forward, fully two weeks ahead of last year i 
 good pasture on the Ist May. Fruit trees all out in blossom and very full, and oak trees are m leaf. No 
 mjury was done by the winter. 
 
 Henrv Key Oakland, Brant : Grass at this date is somewhat backward. Apples and cherries are 
 showing a very large quantity of blossoms and are looking healthy and promismg. Peaches and plums are 
 nearly all destroyed. 
 
 C. Jarvis Brantford, Brant : In my 42 years experience in Canada there has not been such a show for 
 fruit as now. v 
 
 Wm Courtice, FuUarton, Perth : All fruit looks rather promising if not injured by frost. The plum, 
 trees were all (or nearly so) destroyed by black knot some years ago. 
 
 John Carmichael, Hibbert, Perth: Grass is well advanced and the forest trees are well out in leaf. 
 The apple, cherry, pear and the plum trees that were left look well and are heavy laden with blossoms. 
 I have not seen any evidence of winter injury. 
 
 R. G. Roberts, Wallace, Perth : Grass and forest vegetation are luxuriant. Apples, plums and cherries, 
 are in full bloom and have not been injured. 
 
 .James Crerar, Easthope N., Perth: There is a very good appearance of apples; plums and cherries, 
 are bad with black knot. 
 
 R Ballantvne & Son, Downie, Perth : Grass and forest vegetation is ten days earlier than the average 
 time There is a very large amount of blossom on the trees and if frost does not come there wdl be an 
 abundance of fruit. „ ,t j • j 
 
 Thomas Maeuire, Wallace, Perth : Vegetation is far advanced for the season fully 15 days m advance 
 of last season Tpple plum, cherry and plar trees are covered with blossom, just opening out. No dam- 
 ^e was done'by wfnter This was an excellent plum country 10 or 15 years ago but from blight, cod 
 inters or some oTer cause, the best varieties of plum trees nearly all died ; what few are left look well. 
 The wTl'd red plum fas done best ; the best varieties are very good and supply the want tolerably well. 
 
 R Rennelson Dumfries N., Waterloo: Vegetation is 10 days earlier than usual, and about twice Itt 
 days e^ri^rrthan last y"ar. Fair prospects for fruit, but neither peach nor cherry. 
 
48 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Grass and forest vegetation is fully three weeks ahead of 
 this time last year, and I think fully 10 days ahead of the usual season. Apple trees are all looking well. 
 Plum, peach and cherry have been badly spoiled here for two or three years ; the cherry in particular is 
 nearly destroyed. 
 
 Denjamin Devitt, Waterloo, Waterloo : The appearance of all fruit, excepting peaches, of which very 
 few are grown, is good, unless the recent frost has hurt the blossoms, but that is not noticeable yet. I never 
 saw more bloom in any season. Winter has not affected the trees. 
 
 Alex. Kannie, Wellesley, Waterloo : There is a good appearance of apples and pears at present. Plums 
 and cherries are almost gone with black knot. 
 
 George Bisk, Wilmot, Waterloo : Apple trees heavy with blossom ; a few plums and cherries also, but 
 these are few, having been nearly all out down. 
 
 Robert Cromar, Pilkington, Wellington : Plum trees are now in full blossom and very heavy. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Grass is ten days earlier than last year, and forest vegetation 
 equally as advanced. Fruit trees show a good average of blossom. The winter has not affected fruit trees. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : Apple trees look well, almost in bloom. The plum is good; the common 
 cherry trees are not worth anything with black knot. The winter has had no bad effect on trees. 
 
 Harvey Cull, West Garafraxa, Wellington : The apple promises a large crop, but plum and cherry trees 
 are dead from black knot. , 
 
 James Reith, Luther E. , Dufferin : Apples appear to have stood this winter very well ■ very few trees 
 have gone back and the appearance in fruit is very good. There are no plumb trees. Some cherry trees 
 are left, but black knot seems to be cai-rying them off. 
 
 Matthew G. Varcoe, Amaranth, Dufferin : The blossom is coming out on all kinds of fruit trees, and 
 appears to be very thick. No injury was sustained from the winter, except a very slight damage from ice 
 which stuck to branches and broke some very old trees. 
 
 . Geo. Bailey, Melancthon, Dufferin : Apples, cherrie and plums have a good appearance. Ice destroyed 
 a great many trees. 
 
 Robt. Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Vegetation is at least ten days earlier than last year at this date. 
 Apples promise finely ; peaches are unequal, owing partly to varieties and partly to locality ; plums have 
 bloomed well and the promise is good ; cherries are very fine ; pears the same. All have stood the winter 
 well, except peaches on exposed or low situations. 
 
 Robert N. Ball, Niagara, Lincoln : Peaches promise a fair crop ; other fruits an abundant one. The 
 winter has not hurt fruit. 
 
 Jas. Stiell, Grantham, Lincoln : Grass is abundant for the time of year. All kinds of fruit except 
 peaches have the appearance of being abundant. I think the winter has been too cold for the peaches ; there 
 are very few blossoms and what there are look sick. 
 
 J. R. Snure, Louth, Lincoln : All fruits excepting the peach promise an abundant harvest. The winter 
 lolled nearly all the peach blossom and many of the trees. 
 
 D. B. Rittenhouse, Louth, Lincoln : Prospects good for abundant of all kinds of fruit excepting peaches, 
 the buds of which were all killed in winter. 
 
 N. B. Rittenhouse, Chnton, Lincoln : Fruit trees apparently are in good condition. The winter affected 
 only the peach, the buds of which are mostly frozen. 
 
 Geo. Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Fruit trees, except the peach promises an abundant crop. The cold 
 winter has destroyed the peach crop. 
 
 Edward Irvine, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Grass is advanced about as far as usual this time of the year 
 but forest vegetation is at least two weeks earlier than usual. Fruit trees of aU kinds look well. The 
 winter has not affected them as far as I can see. 
 
 Isaac A. Merritt^ South Grimsby, Lincoln : The appearance of all fruit trees, except the peach promises 
 an abundant crop. There was a profusion of bloom. The peach only was badly injured by winter weather. 
 
 J. W. Van Duzer, Grimsby N., Lincoln: Grass and vegetation' are advanced two weeks ahead of last 
 year. The apple, plum and cherry trees are very full of bloom. Peaches were all killed by the winter. 
 
 A. H. Pettit, Grimsby N Lincoln: The appearance of fruit trees is very fine-all but the peach, of 
 which the crop will be nil. The peace only was affected by the winter. 
 
 Samuel Kennedy, Gainsboro, Lincoln : Apples, plums, cherries and pears are making a splendid show 
 for fruit. There are no peaches here. Small fruits are excellent. The only injury is to leaches and tender 
 grapes ; hardy grapes are good. 
 
 John Jackson, Caistor, Lincoln : Fruit trees are good, with the appearance of a large crop of fruit The 
 winter has damaged the peach trees and killed the blossom bud. 
 
 W. G. Fletcher, Binbrook, Wentworth : Vegetation well advanced. There is a prospect of plenty of 
 fruit of all kinds, excepting peaches. ^ '^ F'cuujr i.. 
 
 Robert Inkseller, Beverley, Wentworth : Vegetation is very forward. Apples and pears at present bid 
 fair for a great crop. Peach and cherry trees are nearly all dead, and a good many plums are also dead. 
 
 . ''■ SS?Z°"*''' ^l^^o^^i' Wentworth : Grass is in a,bout its usual stage at this season ; so is forest vege- 
 tation. The appearance for fruit is good, especially apples, cherries, etc. 
 
 Ramsay McNeill, Flamboro W., Wentworth : Grass is in ordinary growth. 
 
 George Allison, Flamboro E., Wentworth : All fruit trees are good excepting the peach. The winter did 
 not hurt them. 
 
49 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Frviit treea are good, with abundant blosaoms, except peaches ; 
 the winter hurt peach "blossoms alone. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Vegetation is about an average season. Plums and cherries are in 
 blossom, and peaches also where there are fruit buds to blossom. Apples are not out in bloom yet. All 
 fruit promises well at present except peaches, which are a complete failure, scarcely a fruit bud escaping the 
 eold winter. 
 
 W. Ptolemy, Binbrook, Wentworth : Fruit trees are in a healthy condition and have no appearance of 
 being damaged by the intense cold of winter. 
 
 M. Clements, Trafalgar, Halton : The grass and forest trees are fully one week ahead of the average 
 season. Apple, peach, plum and cherry trees are in fine condition and are now in full blossom ; they have not 
 been injured by the winter. 
 
 Adam Alexander, Nassagaweya, Halton : There are prospects of a good crop ; the winter has had no 
 bad efltect. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : Very forward ; grass is about ten days or two weeks, and forests 
 fully two weeks or more earlier than usual. 
 
 John Jewett, Chinguacousy, Peel : Apples and plums are good ; no cherries or peaches. Fruit trees 
 were not hurt at all by the winter. 
 
 J. Eakins, Toronto, Peel : Most of the plums and cherries have been killed by the black-knot. 
 
 W. J. Pattullo, Caledon, Peel : Apple blossoms are nearly out with an abundant appearance. No 
 peaches, and but few cherries are grown ; plums are well filled with blossoms ; the winter has been very 
 favourable for fruit trees. 
 
 James H. Newlove, Albion, Peel : There is splendid pasture for stock at present and the forest is out 
 in full leaf. The plum and cherry trees are out in fuU bloom, promising a good crop ; apples are just 
 coming out in bloom, with fine promise. No damage was done to fruit trees by the winter. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : The forest and fruit trees are far advanced, but grass is backward. 
 There has -been far too much rain and old meadows look stunted. Fruit trees look well and are no^t injured, 
 except where plums overbore last year. There is a prospect of good crops of apples, pears and cherries. 
 
 Thomas Scott, North GwiUimbury, York : Apple trees stood the winter well ; plum and cherry trees 
 will soon be all killed by black-knot. 
 
 George Evans, Jr., Georgina, York : Grass and forest vegetation is about a week earlier than usual. A 
 great many apple trees die every year ; they get black in the heart, and this year appears to be no exception. 
 Plum and cherry trees suffer greatly from black-knot. The winter has not seriously affected fruit trees. 
 
 N. A. MaUory, Vaughan, York : The apple and plum trees appear all right and promise well : no 
 cherries. 
 
 George Elliott, Scarboro', York : The apple, plum and cherry trees are very fuU of bloom at present ; no 
 damage from winter. 
 
 James Graham, Scugog, Ontario : Grass now makes good pasture, and the forests are in full leaf ; fruit 
 trees very good— in fuU bloom. Winter has had no unusual effect. We have still a number of apple trees 
 dying off annually. 
 
 Joseph Monkhouse, Pickering, Ontario : Plum j;rees are full of blossom ; not many cherries. Apples are 
 not in blossom yet, but looking very well, with appearance of a great amount of blossom. Trees have been 
 very slightly affected by winter. 
 
 John Christie, Reach, Ontario : Apple trees are looking good, and plum trees fair. There are very few 
 cherries. i 
 
 Thomas Cain, Scott, Ontario : Apple trees look well ; plum and cherry trees in this part are mostly 
 mostly destroyed by black-knot. 
 
 Joseph McGrath, Mara, Ontario : Fruit trees look very good. 
 
 WiUiam Windatt, Darlington, Durham Vegetation is two weeks earlier than ordinary. Fruit trees 
 look splendid. 
 
 H. A. Walker, Hope, Durham : There is good feed now on early land ; apples are very good, but plums 
 and cherries have all been killed by black-knot. 
 
 Abraham Morris, Cartwright, Durham: Grass is four inches high; fruit prospect is good ; there was 
 but little injury done by the winter. , 
 
 Robert Hodge Sr., Clarke, Durham; The apple, plum and cherry trees seem to be nearly up to the 
 average of other good years, and do not appear toliave suffered from the winter. 
 
 George Sanderson, Cramahe, Northumberiand : The apple blossoms are beginning to show; plums are 
 blossoming ; cherry trees are nearly all killed by black-knot. 
 
 William MackUn Haldimand, Northuinberland : The apple prospect is very good ; the plum has but 
 fewMoss-Zrcheriytreer^^ pear blossoms are sLnty, and the Bartlett pear trees were injured 
 
 by winter frosts. 
 
 R J Rutherford, Haldimand, Northumberiand ; I think grass is as far advanced as it was the first of 
 June last year. There w a fine show of apple blossoms, also of plum and cherry, 
 
 E J Honev Percy, Northumberiand : Vegetation is about two weeks earlier than last year; apple 
 trees are fastSiS'o blossom; th6re is a f^r prospect for ruit now both for apples and plums ; cherry 
 trees are mostly dead with black-knot. The wmter has not injured the trees. 
 
 4 — (M. E.) 
 
50 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : All kinds of fruit are in full bloom ; the only damage done in 
 winter was by mice girdling apple trees. 
 
 James Benson, Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Ap^le trees have come through the winter well but do not 
 promise to be heavily blossomed. The same may be said of peach trees. Winter did no harm. The plum 
 of late years has been a failure. ) 
 
 Wm. P. Dempsey, Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : The apple trees never looked more encouraging. 
 '■ They are now covered with fruit blossoms. Should the blossoming season prove favourable the crop will 
 be large. Plums, pears and cherries have a full supply of blossoms. 
 
 Andrew M. Haight, Hallowell, Prince Edward : Forests were hurt very much by the storm of snow 
 and sleet of the 6th of April ; some forests were completely ruined, while others were only partially 
 damaged. Grass is looking well. Fruit trees look well. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : Trees are looking rather ahead of the season. Forest. 
 trees are in an advanced stage. Apple trees are full of buds for blossoms. Plums and cherries are doing 
 nothing, and there is no show for fruit. 
 
 Jas. Cooper, South Marysburg, Prince Edward : Grass is very favourable. Forest vegetation is gen- 
 erally torn up. Fruit very favourable. No damage from winter. 
 
 Thomas Beall, Ops, Victoria : Apple, pear, plum and cherry trees are now in full bloom, and promise 
 the most abundant crop ever known in this section. Small fruits — grapes, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, 
 blackberries and strawberries, are all equally promising. 
 
 John F. Cummings, Mariposa, Victoria : The apple and plum trees look very well for blossom. There 
 are only a few cherries. I don't think the trees were injured by the winter. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : All vegetation is very well advanced, fully ten days ahead of last 
 spring at same date. 
 
 John A. Jackson, Eldon : A^ple and plum trees are in blossom, and looking healthy. They appear to. 
 have passed safely through the winter, 
 
 Hugh Caldwell, Chandos, Peterboro' : The cherry and plum trees are in full bloom ; the apple is well 
 budded. I have never seen a better promise of fruit. No injury was done by the winter. 
 
 Jas. S. Cairnduff, Harvey, Peterborough : Apples, plums, cherries and small fruits are very promising. 
 Winter has not affected fruit trees to any extent. 
 
 F. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterborough : Apples were coming into bloom 15th May ; wild plums on the 
 1st May ; cherry trees came into bloom on the 12th May. The winter has not done any damage. 
 
 • John Maloney, Douro, Peterborough : Vegetation is very far advanced. All classes of fruit trees are in 
 splendid condition' with a good prospect for a large crop of fruit, excepting plums which do not appear to. 
 blossom sufficient for much of a crop. The winter has been favourable. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Grass and forest vegetation is about ten days earlier than 
 the average. The wild cherry is in full bloom. Dandelions blossomed on the 4th May this year ; last year 
 on the 22nd. There are very few fruit trees here, but they are all in good order. 
 
 W. C. Melville, Stanhope, Haliburton : Fruit trees are in good condition and wintered very well, except 
 that an ice storm did considerable damage. 
 
 Dan. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : The appearance of fruit trees is- fine, with promise of a large 
 yield. The winter does not seem to have affected trees. 
 
 John Wilson, Dungannon, Hastings : Apples and red plums very good ; other sorts bad ; many of the 
 trees are dead ; I cannot teU the reason. They stood the winter well till March, but at the breaking up 
 of winter we had rain with frost which covered the trees with ice, which broke many boughs off both frurt. 
 and bush trees. 
 
 Darius Card, Bangor, Hastings : There is sufficient grass for cattle to pick their living. Fruit trees 
 have a fair appearance, but considerably broken by winter ice,» 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : Grass and forest vegetation are very forward, beyond anything I 
 have seen for years. Apple, peach, plum and cherry trees are very full of blossoms. The winter has not 
 affected them in the least. 
 
 Thomas H. Blanchard, Sidney, Hastings : Vegetation is very forward, considering the cold spring. 
 Fruit trees are healthy. 
 
 J. C.Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings: The apple is forming blossom, and the cherry, plum etc. in 
 heighth of bloom. The trees have not been materielly injured by winter. Cherry trees are fast being cut 
 down on account of black knot. , , 
 
 Fred. Membery, Adolphustown, Lennox and Addington : Stock were just beginning to turn outi on May 
 6th. Apple trees are clear of mice, but have suffered from the borer. 
 
 0. W. Miller, Kaladar, Lennox and Addington : Vegetation is about two weeks in advance of last 
 year, fruit trees white with blossom. There are some dead limbs through the ice freezing on them. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernestown, Lennox and Addington : The prospects of the various fruits are very promising. 
 The winter has not injured any such fruits as the plum, cherry, pear and apple. • 
 
 C. E. Allison, South Fredericksburg, Lennox and Addington: The appearance of apples is only 
 middling ; I thmk the severe cold winter injured the best. Plums and cherries have the appearance of being 
 a very light crop, though there is generally a good supply in this part. 
 
 B. K. Sills, South Fredericksburg, Lennox and Addington : Fruit trees have a good appearance. There 
 was not any injury from the winter so far as we can tell. 
 
51 
 
 W. 'N. Mallory, Adolphustown, Lennox and Addington : Fruit trees have an average appearance. The 
 winter has not hurt them. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : Grass and forest vegetation are as forward as sometimes at the 
 1st of June. Apples and plums are in bloom, and with good indication of a full crop. Trees appear 
 uninjured by winter. The black knot has killed all the cherry trees. 
 
 A. Knight, Kingston, Frontenao : The apple promises a large crop ; other fruits are very scarce around 
 these parts ; the winter has not injured the trees. 
 
 M. Melville, Howe Island, Frontenao : Grass is two weeks ahead of this time last year. Apple trees 
 look good ; not injured by the winter ; no other fruit raised in this township. 
 
 John Elkington, M. D., Palmerston, Frontenac : Grass is very forward ; it was green when the- snow 
 left ; there was a bite for cattle the third week in April. Forest and orchard trees alike suffered severely 
 from the great ice storm (date not preserved) ; an avenue of Lombardy poplars on my place is almost ruined. 
 Kentish cherry trees seven inches through were broken to the ground ; maple trees were badly broken so that 
 no sugar was made ; the sap ran from the tops like continuous rain ; the forest for miles is strewn with 
 broken limbs, tops and trunks. Great elms were broken off and twisted into most fantastical shapes. Statute 
 labour was called out all along the Mississippi and cross roads. 
 
 John C. Stafford, rear of Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : Apples and plums are in blossom ; all have 
 stood the winter well, except the cherry, which, for some cause or other, is dying out. 
 
 Gideon Fairbairu, Edwardsburg, Leeds and Grenville : Grass is far enough advanced so that cattle can 
 live in the fields ; leaves are about full grown ; fruit trees appear promising ; I have not heard of any injury 
 from the winter. 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : As yet all fruit trees, large and small, look very well 
 indeed ; they have taken no harm in any respect from the winter. 
 
 G. D. Dixon, Matilda, Dundas : Fruit trees promise an abundant harvest ; they came through the winter 
 in fine condition. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : Grass is short yet, although o£ good colour ; the forest is half leaved 
 out ; apple trees have a good appearance, and plums are in full blossom ; fruit trees wintered all right. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : The grass is coming on fast ; it is ten days earlier than last 
 year, and the forest is the same ; by all appearance the severe winter did not effect fruit trees much. 
 
 James Surch, Plautagenet South, Prescott : Grass is oprouting sufficient for sheep, but not long enough 
 for cattle. Forest trees are well budded ; the plum is in full blossom ; the apple is commencing to blossom ; 
 I don't see any injury to the apple trees from the winter. 
 
 Paul Labrosse, Hawkesbury East, Prescott : Grass is about six inches out of the ground ; fruit trees are in 
 fuU blossom and have a very good appearance ; they were not damaged by the winter. 
 
 Alfred Hill, Cumberland, Russell : Apple and other fruit trees have a good appearance. 
 
 P. E. Bucke, Ottawa, Carleton : Vegetation is well advanced for the season, which is from ten days to 
 two weeks earlier than last year ; the foliage of the earlier varieties of forest trees is almost expanded ; 
 pasture and meadow lands have passed through the winter well, the loss from vrinter-killiag being very 
 light The prospect of the apple, plum and cherry crop is grand ; on no previous occasion have trees and 
 pSats been known to pass through winter so well. There have been no spring frosts or cold rains to check 
 the fertilization of the blossoms ; both winter and spring have been favourable for all kinds of fruit. 
 
 T. M. Robertson, Nepean, Carleton : Fruit trees are looking well and are covered with blossoms, giving 
 promise of a good crop. Winter does not seem to have hurt fruit trees at all. 
 
 J J Smith Gloucester, Carleton : Plums are in full bloom ; apples in bloom bud ; peach and cherries 
 are not grown here. Trees were not injured to any extent, except by a heavy sleet m March, which broke a 
 few limbs. 
 
 Thos. Cuthbert, Rolph, etc., Renfrew: Fruit is very little grown; people are just beginning to plant 
 apple trees ; plum trees are in blossom luxuriantly, and wild cherry trees. 
 
 Thos. Lett, Wilberforce, Renfrew : A cow can live well on the grass ; the woods are nearly leafed out ; 
 plums are in full bloom for the past week. 
 
 Joseph Kinder, Brudenell, Renfrew : Apples and other fruit trees have not been injured by frost, but an 
 accumulation of ice on the boughs occurred once in spring which broke down some branches. 
 
 Peter Anderson, McNab, Renfrew: The apple and plum trees look splendid; no cherries are grown; 
 the winter did not affect the trees at all. 
 
 H A Schultz, Sabastopol, Renfrew : Apple trees look well ; they are in full bloom now ; of plum and 
 cherry' we' have only the wild kinds ; winter did not affect fruit trees m the least. 
 
 R. Harper, Elmsl«y North, Lanark : Plum trees are going out of blossom ; they blossomed a week earlier 
 than usual ; apple trees are coming into blossom. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : Fruit trees are all looking well ; the trees were not injured bv 
 winter, Scceptthrsp'r^g, were somewhat broken by the heavy load of ice frozen on by the storm of 19tf. 
 and 20th of March. , , . -^ i, i, ^ i. « -i. 
 
 Benjamin McKeracher, Bathurst, Lanark : Grass is not so good as last year ; it has been too wet ; fruit 
 
 ^"°j!hn H^^^a^er^brummond, Lanark : Vegetation is very forward ; three weeks in advance of last year ; 
 apples and plums are good ; cherries are not much grown. at •! • i. u ^ i 
 
 A Mancko Morrison Muskoka: Grass grows well ; clover-except some Alsike m sheltered places-is 
 almottS^dXoyed""' Apple t^^^ "" "*- '^^' '^'^^ ^°- 
 
 here ; the winter has killed most of the young trees planted last spring. 
 
52 
 
 Moses McClelland, Ryde, Muskoka : Quite a number of fVuit trees are dying ; the winter has done no 
 injury of any account. 
 
 Fred. N. Love, Draper, Muskoka: Vegetation is about 10 days earlier than usual. Fruit trees are 
 looking well and have not been effected injuriously by the winter. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monck, Muskoka : A pjreat many apple trees are dead. Crabs are well loaded, the 
 blossoms almost in flower. Wild plums are in full bloom' and the flowers seems to cling better than usual. 
 Small fruits are good. 
 
 John HoUingworth, Watt, Muskoka : Grass is now a good bite and the forest trees are in leaf. Fruit 
 trees all are promising a good crop. 
 
 James McDonald, Stephenson, Muskoka ; There is an abundance of blossom, and if frost keeps off the 
 fruit crop will be good. No damage whatever was done by the winter. 
 
 Edward Bray, jr., Stisted, Muskoka : Apple trees are very nearly in full blossom and they seem to 
 have stood the winter well. 
 
 F: W. Ashdown, Humphrey, Parry Sound : Grass is growing nicely but is in want of rain. Trees are 
 leafing out. Apples are just breaking bud with promise of a good crop of fruit. No harm was done by the 
 winter. ' 
 
 H. Ajinstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Fruit trees are vigorous, but I can speak only of ajsples. 
 Winter did no injury. 
 
 Donald Gordon, Chapman, Parry Sound : There are no, fruit trees of any account in this township. 
 John Ingram, Assiginack, Algoma : The winter damaged grass and fruit trees. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Grass is making a very good start ; the weather has been favourable 
 for it so far. 
 
 FARM SUPPLIES. 
 
 The quantity of wheat in the hands of farmers varies much in each county, and very 
 greatly between one part of the province and another. In Kent, Elgin, Haldimand, 
 Middlesex, Brant, Halton, Peel, York, "Waterloo and in part of Lambton, as well as in 
 a few townships in several other counties, there is a very considerable surplus beyond the 
 needs of the farmers, while in no parts of the Province, excepting parts of Muskoka and 
 other newly settled townships, does there appear to be a scarcity for food or seed. On 
 the whole the farmers of Ontario have a moderate surplus, the chief reason being that 
 wheat has been held in hope of a rise to fairly remunerative prices. Owing to the 
 prospect of higher prices not being good a large quantity of wheat has found the market 
 this spring, Hay and oats also vary in plentifulness within the limits of each county, 
 but generally there is a fair supply for home needs, with a moderate quantity to spare 
 for the market. Fat cattle appear to be rather scarce, but store cattle are in moderate 
 supply. The following remarks of correspondents afford a general and tolerably correct 
 idea of the general supply of wheat, oats, hay and fat and store cattle in different sections 
 of the Province. 
 
 Wm. McCormick^ Pelee Island, Essex : Very little wheat, hay, oats or cattle are on hand, 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich E., Essex: There is a good deal of wheat left yet, fanners holding it with 
 -the hope of a rise. There is a sufficient amount with every farmer for home consumption. There is a good 
 ■deal of hay and oats yet, but farmers are busily engaged in disposing bf .their hay. Not many cattle. , 
 
 Thos. B. White, Anderdon, Essex : There is wheat left, but not large quantities, probably 1000 bushels. 
 <jonsiderable hay and plenty of oats are left. There are few cattle in order for market. 
 
 John Stratford, Tilbury W., Essex: Considerable wheat and plenty of hay and oats remain. There 
 are store cattle, but nofat ones. 
 
 A. W. Cohoe, Rochester, Essex : A >maU quantity of wheat is left, and a coniiderable quantity of hay, 
 •oats and cattle. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : Some farmers have an over supply of wheat. A good deal of hay ia 
 left, but not much oats. All the fat and store cattle are markfeted. A good many had fatted cattle. 
 
 L. E. Vogler, Zone, Kent : Not much wheat is left over. Small quantity of hay is on hand but not 
 many oats. There are a few store and fat cattle. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent : About the usual quantity of wheat is left and a considerable quantity of 
 hay and oats for use. Rather more cattle than usual are on hand. 
 
 F. B. Stewart, 'Raleigh, Kent : Not more than a half of the wheat is marketed, but as prices don't 
 appear to rise it is now beginning to move. Hay and oats are very plentiful. Fat cattle are more numerous 
 than for two years and are selling at good prices. 
 
53 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Probably 20 per cent, of last crop of wheat is held. There is plenty of . 
 hay, not much oats in the farmers hands, and not many fat cattle, but plenty of store. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : About one-quarter of the wheat crop is in fanners' hands, but not much 
 more hay and oats than is required for home use. There is considerable store cattle but not many fat. 
 
 M. Payne, South wold and Yarmouth, Elgin : From one-quarter to one-third of last year's wheat crop 
 has been held over wmter, but a great deal has been marketed lately. Not very much hay or oats on hand. 
 A good many store, but not so many fat cattle, ^ 
 
 Charles Chute, Malahide, Elgin : Many farmers held over wheat expecting better prices in the spring, 
 and are still holding. Hay is in excess of demand and oats are also in good Supply. There are not many 
 fat but plenty of store cattle. 
 
 J. W. Howey, Bayhara, Elgin : There is a great deal of wheat to be marketed yet, also quite a, large 
 quantity of hay and oats. There is plenty of store cattle but not many fat. 
 
 Samuel MacColI, Dunwich, Elgin : Not a large amount of wheat is left, most farmers having sold last 
 faU and this month. Very little hay and oats are left and marketable cattle are fewer than in previous years. 
 
 Robert Watson, Windham, Norfolk : There is no wheat surplus above home requirements ; there is plenty 
 of hay, but no more oats than are sufficient for home consumption ; there are ni5 fat cattle left, but store 
 cattle are plentiful. ' 
 
 H. J. Barber, Townsend, Norfolk • There is not a very large quantity of wheat on hand ; a moderate 
 quantity of hay and a large quantity of oats are left, and a good number of fat cattle. 
 
 Thos. M. England, Woodhouse, Norfolk : There is a little wheat in the farmers hand above reserves for 
 home consumption, but a quantity of hay and oats ; not many market cattle are left. 
 
 John Ostrander, Middleton, Norfolk : No considerable amount of wheat, oats or other grain in the 
 bands of farmers ; more fat cattle than usual in the spring. 
 
 Robert Walbrook, Walpole, Haldimand : At least twenty-five per cent, of wheat, oats and hay, are still 
 in the hands of farmers. I speak of Walpole as it forms one-fifth of the country. Stock cattle are few. 
 
 John Bradford, Dunn, Haldimand : There is not much wheat in farmers hands in this locality, and very 
 little hay and oats. There are very few fat cattle, but some store cattle. 
 
 Edwin Hoover, Rainham, Haldimand : A considerable quantity of wheat ; any quantity of hay and 
 oats are on hand, but not many marketable cattle. 
 
 Chas. Walker, Cayuga North, Haldimand : There is a large quantity of wheat still on hand in this 
 locality ; not many oats ; considerable hay ; very few fat cattle, but a large number of store cattle. 
 
 S. H. Van Every, Pelham, Welland : A considerable quantity of wheat, hay and oats is left. 
 
 Eugene E. Garner, Thorold, Welland: A good deal of w^eat, hay, oats, and large numbers of fat cattle 
 are on hand at present ; the cattle will be shipped about June 1st. 
 
 G. E. Robertson, Wainfleet, Welland : The' qijantity of wheat is not large, but hay and oats are plentiful ; 
 fat cattle are principally sold. 
 
 L. Buckton, Crowland, Welland : There is no surplus of wheat ; considerable hay of a secondary quality, 
 but not many oats on hand ; quite a number of store cattle are left, but not many fat. 
 
 E. A. Dickout, Bertie, Welland : Not more than ten per cent, of the wheat crop, about fifteen per cent, 
 of hay and oat crop are left, and not many cattle. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Farmers that are well-to-do have kept their wheat for a better price ; 
 there is quite a quantity in reserve, and plenty of hay and oats, but not many fat cattle here. 
 
 James Watson, Moore, Lambton ; Some farmers have two years' wheat on hand, and there are consider- 
 able quantities of both hay and oats ; there are a good many marketable cattle. Last season farmers prepared 
 a considerable number on grass, by feeding hay and a little grain, imagining that this system pays as well as 
 fattening for the market. 
 
 J. Dobie, Bosanquet, Lambton : There is considerable old wheat in farmers hands above reserve ; 
 oats and hay are plentiful, but there are not as many store and fat cattle as in former years. 
 
 Geo. M. Eterest, Plympton, Lainbton : Most of the hay and oats are shipped, or being shipped— the hay 
 being pressed in this locality and shipped to Buffalo and other points. There are not many fat or store cattle ; 
 nearly all are picked up. 
 
 John L. Wilson, Enniskillen, Lambton : There may be a few who have more wheat than the need for 
 home consumption, but not many, as a great deal of the township is comparatively new ; there is considerable 
 of oats ; there are also a number of steers that have been well kept, as hay was plentiful, and they will make 
 good early beef. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Not much wheat is left ; most farmers here are not able to hold 
 their grain over, and there is not much more hay and oats than will be needed ; there are not many fat, but 
 some store cattle on hand. 
 
 Geo. Hess, Hay, Huron : There is a quantity of wheat held for higher prices ; hay is not scarce, and 
 oats are about equal to demand. The number of marketable cattle is about average. 
 
 Wm. Spence, Grey, Huron : There is not much wheat on hand, but a considerable quantity of hay and 
 oats ; fat cattle are very scarce 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : There is, perhaps, ten per cent, of last year's wheat still in farmers hands, 
 over and above what wilf be required for bread till the new supply comes m ; hay is plentiful but not very 
 much over requirement ; of oats there is none to s|)are ; there are quite a number of fat cattle still in the towm- 
 Bhip, but nearly all are sold, to be delivered at various dates ; there is an increase of steers and young cattle 
 over last year. 
 
B4> 
 
 Jas. Mitchell, Howiok, Huron ; There is no considerable quantity of wheat on hand above reserves for 
 home consumption, but there are large quantities of hay and oats. Fat cattle are not numerous, but store 
 cattle plentiful. 
 
 John Wright, Goderich, Huron : There is a considerable quantity of wheat in farmers hands yet, and 
 quite a lot has been sold since seeding ; there is also a considerable quantity of hay and oats. Quite a number 
 of fat cattle were disposed of about the end of April and the beginning of May, and quite a number are being 
 stall-fed in stables for export, or turned on grass to fatten for export later on in the season. 
 
 R. Ransford, Tuckersmith, Huron : There is an average quantity of wheat held over, and an over 
 average of oats and hay, especially of the latter. There is no surplus of cattle. 
 
 T. M. Kay, Usborne, Huron : There is not so much wheat this year as in former years, and there is no 
 surplus of hay or oats, not in this section. Fat cattle are mostly sold, but are not delivered. 
 
 Wm. Woodman, Amabel, Bruce : Farmers here are compelled to sell all they can find a market for. 
 Considerable hay is on hand. Perhaps more of both fat and store cattle than in any former year. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce: Very little wheat is in farmers hands over what will be required for home 
 consumption. Considerable hay and oats i^ still on hand. Fat cattle are all sold. 
 
 Peter Torrance, Kinloss, Bruce : I think there is less wheat in farmers hands this year than has been 
 for a number of years. There is a surplus of hay but not many fat cattle. 
 
 John Hiles, Kincardine, Bruce : There is no surplus of anything beyond local needs. 
 
 James Ferguson, Culross, Bruce : A considerable qjiautity of wheat is held over and some oats and hay, 
 but not nearly so much relatively as of wheat. Fat ana store are very scarce. 
 
 Wm. Mcintosh, Arran, Bruce : There is no surplus of wheat, hay or oats. Very few fat cattle and but 
 very few store cattle over two years are on hand, 
 
 D. McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce ; There must be a considerable quantity in this district, as about one-tenth 
 of the farmers are holding the bulk of their wheat for a raise in price. There is a considerable quantity of 
 hay but no great quantity of oats as they feed them during the summer. There are a good many store 
 cattle but not many fat. ^ 
 
 J. B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce ; There is considerable wheat and plenty of hay and oats for home use, 
 with some to spare.. There were a good many cattle before the 15th inst., but they have been sold for the 
 last of May and Ist of June delivery. The price was low and there is not much encouragement to feed. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : There is a small surplus of wheat on hand over what is needed and 
 plenty of oats and hay. There is also plenty of store cattle, and a few fat cattle still on hand. 
 
 C. Julyan, Jr., Sarawak, Grey : There is not much surplus wheat, no surplus of oats and hay, and not 
 many cattle for sale. 
 
 James Marshall, St. Vincent, Grey : There are only a few farmers who have a surplus of wheat. There 
 is not, I think, any spare oats and hay and store and fat cattle have been pretty well thinned out. 
 
 Samuel Dickson, Bentwick, Grey : There is not much wheat surplus on hand, and but enough oats and 
 hay for home use, arid not many fat cattle but a good number of store cattle. 
 
 James Latter, CoUingwood, Grey : No surplus of wheat, oats or hay. The fat cattle are mostly sold 
 for future delivery ; there is a moderate supply of store cattle. 
 
 Wm. Caulfield, Egremont, Grey : There is very little wheat on hand, and no oats to spare, but with 
 plenty of hay. Fat cattle are few in number. 
 
 Alex. McPherson, Proton, Grey : There is not a great deal of wheat surplus. There is considerable 
 hay. Fat cattle are about all sold and delivered ; young cattle up to two years old are pleutif ul ; above t-.i^t 
 age they are scarce. 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : There is still a considerable quantity of wheat in the hands of f arme- s. 
 On account of the lower prices it has been held back from market. Hay and oats are pretty well Lsed up. 
 Fat and store cattle are sold out. 
 
 R. C. Hipwell, Medonte, Simcoe : There is quite a lot of wheat on hand but very little of oats or hay. 
 A good many marketable cattle are left. > ^ 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : There is not a large quantity of wheat on hand ; a few have old wheat. 
 There is not much hay or oats in store. Fat cattle have been mostly sold off lately, but there are a good 
 many young cattle on hand. 
 
 Charles Cross, Innisfil, Simcoe : About fifty per cent, of the wheat is in the hands of farmers yet. There 
 is no spare oats or hay. There are very ipw fat cattle but store cattle are numerous. 
 
 Angus Bell, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : There is a considerable quantity of wheat still in fanners' hands 
 above what may be required for home consumption, 'iiiere is also a uojisiderable quantity of out^. on hand, 
 but not any fat cattle. 
 
 S. L. Montgomery, Tay, Simcoe : There is no surplus of wheat, hay, oats or cattle. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : There is not much wheat in hand, and no oats or hay ; fat cattle are 
 almost all sold, but a considerable number of store cattle are left. 
 
 Peter Stewart, Williams W., Middlesex : No surplus wheat, or oats, or hay. Cattle that will be fit to 
 ship this season are mostly in the hands of grazers, who buy in spring and sell in fall or ship themselves. 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, vicinity of Wardsville, Middlesex : There is no surplus of wheat, oats, hay, or cattle. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : I do not think there is any great amount of surplus. 1 )ull times 
 and little prospect of much advance in prices have induced farmers to sell. There is a considerable quaui.ivy 
 of hay only. Cattle are up in number to the average. 
 
55 
 
 Jaa. A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : There has been a very steady output of wheat during the last 
 ■three months, but there is quite a quantity still left over the needs of our community. Oats are plentiful, 
 .and hay is more than plentiful owing to the early grass. There are plenty of cattle, both fat and store. 
 
 Richard JoUiffe, N. Dorchester, Middlesex : Probably one-eigth of the wheat grown remains in the 
 hands of fanners ; there has been a sufficiency of hay and oats, but not much on hand. There are lots of 
 store but few fat cattle in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Ekfrid, Middlesex ; About one-fourth of the wheat crop is on hand, and of hay 
 .and oats a sufficiency for home use and a little over. There is a very great number of cattle, and in good 
 condition. 
 
 W. Lee, W, Nissouri, Middlesex : Of wheat there is a considerable quantity on hand, and of hay and 
 ■oats a large quantity. There are not many cattle. 
 
 W. M. Ryan, Dereham, Oxford : About one-tenth of the crop is in store ; There is no surplus of hay, 
 oats or cattle. 
 
 Joseph Sif ton. North Oxford, Oxford : There is more wheat left than in any former year. , Nearly all of 
 the farmers have oats to sell, and there is a good supply of hay, but no surplus of cattle. 
 
 John Henderson, Nissouri E., Oxford : There is very little Wheat in farmer's hands for sale, and not 
 many oats, but there is a good quantity of hay. There are not many fat cattle, but a good number of 
 store. 
 
 Jas. G. Pettit, East Oxford, Oxford : There is no surplus of wheat, but there is of hay, oats and cattle. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant ; Some farmers have two crops of wheat in their granaries. All 
 the hay and oats will be used, or nearly all. A number of fat cattle are yet unsold ; what store cattle there 
 are will be kept by the farmers for winter feeding ; hardly any store stock is sold out of this part of the 
 country. 
 
 Thomas Mitchell, S. Dumfries, Brant : There is rather too much surplus wheat for the farmers' own 
 good ; some have as much as two years' crop ; I should think there is rather more hay and oats than the average 
 at this time of year. Cattle are about the usual average. A good many were sold at from five to six 
 cents lb. ' 
 
 Henry Key, Oakland, Brant : I think there is not any large surplus of wheat. There is considerable 
 hay, but no surplus of cattle. 
 
 Wm. Douglas, Onondaga, Brant : There is quite a large quantity of wheat in farmers' hands beyond the 
 requirements of the farm, and also I believe there is a considerable quantity of oats. There are very few fat 
 cattle, and few good store cattle. 
 
 A. M. Dixon, Blanshard, Jerth : About one-third of the winter wheat is still unsold. There is a surplus 
 of hay and oats. Plenty of cattle. 
 
 R. Ballantyne & Son, Dovmie, Perth : There is about the usual quantity of wheat, hay, oats and cattle 
 in this tovfnship. 
 
 D. McLean, EUice, Perth : With few exceptions very little wheat will be in farmers' barns on the 1st of 
 June. Hay is rather scarce ; oats are in good supply. There are very few fat cattle for export, but a tair 
 .-supply of store cattle. 
 
 R. Francis, FuUarton, Perth: There is, I should say, one-fourth of the wheat crop still in farmer's 
 bams. Hay and oats are plentiful. Most farmers have from two to six head of fat cattle ready for market. 
 « I "Alex. McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : There, is a large quantity of wheat in farmers' hands above Iwme con- 
 sumption. Hay and oats are very plentiful, but quite a decrease of fat cattle has takpii place, mere are 
 large numbers of store cattle for summer grass. 
 
 W. B. Freeborn, Mornington, Perth : Wheat has been nearly all sold. There is p.v-bably one-third of 
 last year's crop of hay on hand, as there was no demand for hay, the market price being i. .oO per ton ; oats 
 are also plentiful. Fat cattle are princiqa.lly sold, but store cattle are plentiful. 
 
 Samuel Brubacher, Woolwich, Waterloo : There is about a third of the wheat on hand yet, but not a 
 great amount of hay and oats. Fat cattle are »bout all sold ; there are not enough store cattle. 
 
 Henry Liersch, Wilmot, Waterloo : About two-fifths of the wheat is on hand, and hay and oats more 
 than are needeffi home consumption. A quarter of the available cattle of last winter are yet unsold. 
 
 George Bellinger, Wellesley, Waterloo: There is quite a quanty of wheat in farmers' hands yet, but 
 none abofe resells ;' any amount of hay ; oats not as plentiful as hay. There are pleiuy of fat cattle, but 
 they are beginning to export fast now ; of store cattle there are suflicient. 
 
 Beniamin Devitt Waterloo, Waterloo : There appears to be quite a quantity of wheat m the farmers 
 hands forTafevrS' this iSy, as well as of hay and oats. There have been a great many cattle fed for 
 ex^ortationthfch are being shipped at present, b/t there are not so many store cattle as are required. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries Wa^rloo:T^^^^^^^ 
 
 s,°^&ri^?^ !^Si££ k^^<h^=^ -- 
 
 Cctt^s :;VupTard::Tor%'?rt rov^r^5rh"e°a^'wil\'£»r^om^Galt staf ion the past week 
 
 Wm. Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : Th- is a conside^^^^^^^^^ 
 »rorSd':rf rnrlr?o\\°^^^^^^^^ oFstore catfle there is about 
 
 ''ThnZttMaiyborough, Wellington: There is considerable wheat, and a good deal of hay and oat3 
 to spare ; nearly all the cattle are gone. 
 
56 
 
 James McLuhan, Luther West, Wellington : Scarcely any wheat to spare ; plenty of old hay, but little 
 oats ; there are no fat cattle of any account, but the usual stock of store cattle. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : There is not much spare wheat considering the low prices, but a good 
 deal of hay and oats ; there are lots of cattle ; feed h?,s been profuse. 
 
 J. H. Bradford, Nichol, Wellington : There is no wheat to spare, but a fair supply of hay and oats ; 
 quite a number of fat cattle are unsold. 
 
 Charles Nieklin, Pilkington, Wellington : Very little wheat is in store above home requirements ; there 
 is considerable hay, but not many oats ; there are not many fat, but a fair supply of store cattle. ' . 
 
 Mathew G. Varcoe, Amaranth, Dufferin : The wheat crop last year was a comparative failure, as it only 
 yielded about five to ten bushels to the acre of spring grain, and many farmers ground it for feed for 
 stock as it brought only about fifty to sixty cents per bushel, consequently the supply must be much smaller 
 than usual ; oats are plentiful ; hay, on the whole, will probably be mostly consumed before seeding is over j 
 a moderate number of store cattle to feed on the grass for market, but there are no fat cattle. 
 
 Hugh McDougall, Luther East, Dufferin : There is very little wheat in farmers hands, and but little oats, 
 but more hay than there has been for some years past. 
 
 Jas. Stull, Grantham, Lincoln : Quite a number of farmers have their last year's wheat, and some few have 
 two or three years' on hand ; there is a large quantity of both hay and oats, both quite cheap ; cattle are not 
 very plentiful, although they are very cheap. 
 
 John Jackson, Caistor, Lincoln : A considerable quantity of wheat, hay and oats ; a good number of 
 store cattle are on hand. ' 
 
 J. R. Snure, Louth, Lincoln : There is no considerable surplus of wheat, hay, oats, or cattle. 
 
 John Lindebury, Clinton, Lincoln : There is not as much wheat in farmers hands as usual, but a large 
 quantity of hay and oats, and quite a number of fat and store cattle. 
 
 Robert Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : There is not much wheat held by farmers ; they are generally 
 so hard up for money that they had to sell at any price ; very little feed of any kind is on hand ; there are 
 about the usual number of store cattle, but the fat ones are nearly aU sold off. 
 
 T. A. Walker, Ancaster, Wentworth : There is very little wheat, or hay, or cattle on hand, but consider- 
 able oats. 
 
 Ralph H. Little, Flamboro' East, Wentworth : There is a large quantity of old wheat on hand ; hay is 
 scarce, but there is considerable oats to market yet ; there are not many store cattle. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : There is some wheat, but it, is not being held, generally speaking ; 
 there is no hay or oats to sell ; there are not many fat cattle, but what were fed are not all sold ; they are 
 held in many oases for five and a half cents per pound, which buyers do not care to give. 
 
 M. Clements, Trafalgar, Halton : Fully one-third of last year's surplus wheat id yet in the farmers hands, 
 and there are a considerable quantity of hay and oats remaining unused. There is not so large a number of 
 fat cattle as in some former years. 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Of the quantity , of wheat still in farmers hands no positive 
 estimate can be given, but I believe it is quite safe to say that half the crop is still held ; there will be but 
 little hay over what is required ; there is probably a surplus of oats'; fat cattle are mostly all sold ; there is 
 about the usual number of store cattle. 
 
 Wm. Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : Perhaps one half of last year's wheat crop is on hand ; of hay and 
 oats there is about sufBcient for present wants ; there are not quite as many shipping cattle as last year being 
 sold ; store cattle are in about the usual supply ; milch cows are rather scarce. 
 
 Arch. McKinnon, Caledon, Peel : I think thirty-three per cent, of last year's wheat is still in the barns ; 
 oats are asked for and bring forty cents at the farmers' barns. 
 
 Jas. H. Newlove, Albion, Peel ; There is not a very large amount of wheat in farmers hands at present^ 
 and scarcely any hay or oats ; there are very few cattle to spare. 
 
 J. Eakins, Toronto, Peel : There is some surplus wheat in, but not a great deal of hay ; there are a good 
 number of store cattle, but not many fat. 
 
 Geo. Evans, jr., Georgiija, York ; Not a very large amount of wheat remains in farmers hapds ; bats are 
 very scarce, but there is a sufficient quantity of hay for local use,; there are quite a number of fat cattle on 
 hand, and a large quantity of store cattle. 
 
 Wm. W. Eindlay, Scarboro, York : I think that there is a considerable quantity of wheat still held by 
 farmers, and I know,of more than one that has all the crop of 1884, as well as that of ^885, still on hand. 
 There are not so many cattle fed for beef as in past years. 
 
 Joseph Wood, King, York : There is not so much wheat as usual, and of oats and hay not more than is. 
 required for hom,e consumption. Eat cattle are becoming scarce and store cattle are no more numerous than 
 ordinarily. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York : There is considerable wheat in the farmers' granaries. Prices have been 
 too low to induce farmers, who could afford to hold their last crop, to sell. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : On account of the low price of wheat an unusually large amount is held 
 by farmers. Of oats and hay a large quantity is still in the farmers hands. Store cattle are abundant and 
 there is a fair number of fat cattle. 
 
 Simpson Rennie, Markham, York : Only a few of the more wealthy are holding wheat. There is con- 
 siderable hay in the county but not many oats. The number of fat and store cattle is under the average. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : There is oonsidprable old wheat in the hands of farmers where 
 they were in a position to hold. No great quantity of hay and oats held, more than will be requiijed for 
 home consumption. A considerable number of ctittle are held yet. 
 
57 
 
 Joseph McGrath, Mara, Ontario : There is no surplus of wheat, hay or oats. There are very few fat 
 cattle, and though there are quite a number of cattle there are not as many as in former years. 
 
 Joseph Monkhouse, Pickering, Ontario : Theire is not much more wheat than will be needed for home 
 consumption. Of oats atad hay there is plenty for home consumption but no great amount of overplus. 
 There is a small number of fat cattle and a good supply of store cattle, 
 
 John Foy, Scugog, Ontario : There is a surplus of wheat and some hay, but oats appear to be scarce. 
 There are very few fat cattle remaining, but there is a good supply of store cattle. 
 
 James McCuUough, jr., Uxbridge, Ontario : Numbers of farmers haye held wheat over. I know some 
 few who have two years' wheat now, but these are exceptions. There is not more hay and oats than is needed 
 for consumption. Cattle are mostly sold and some are being now delivered. 
 
 Robert Colville, Clarke, Durham : Large quantities of wheat are still in the hands of farmers. There 
 is a surplus of hay biit not so much of oats. The fat cattle are mostly all sold, and of store cattle there is 
 about the usual number at this time of the year. 
 
 R. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Very little wheat is held and not much hay or o?i,ts. Nearly all the 
 fat cattle are sold and a large number have been shipped. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : There is not much wheat held over above requirements for home 
 consumption. There is considerable hay and oats yet on hand, and a few fat cattle ; store cattle are plentiful. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : There is a considerable quantity of wheat in farmers hands and also of hay ; 
 oats are scarce. A good many fat cattle are on hand and the farms are well stocked with store cattle. 
 
 M. Morden, Brighton, Northumberland : There is very little wheat, hay or oats, and not many fat, but 
 several store cattle. 
 
 F. Bounycastle, Seymour, Northumberland : There is a good deal of^ wheat, also a quantity of hay on 
 hand, but not many oats or fat cattle. > 
 
 W. J. Westington, Hamilton, Northumberland : There are large quantities of wheat on hand, gome 
 farmers are holding the production of two years. There is very little hay and no oats. Cattle are plentrral. 
 
 Jas. Cooper, South Marysburg, Prince Edward : There is no wheat surplus but considerable hay and 
 oats. There are no fat cattle in this neighbourhood but some store cattle. 
 
 Andrew M. Haight, HalloweU, Prince Edward : There is very little wheat, oats or hay, and fat and 
 store cattle are very scarce. 
 
 J. C. Gilchrist, Eldon, Victoria : There is very little wheat, some hay, but no oats. There are not 
 many cattle for market. 
 
 H. Reazin, Mariposa, Victoria : There is some fall wheat, a large quantity of hay and some oats. There 
 is a surplus of cattle. 
 
 John Robertson, Ops, Victoria : There is very little wheat, hay or oats, but there are a good many store 
 cattle. 
 
 M. Mclntyre, Monaghan N., Peterboro' : There is a large quantity of wheat in farmers hands yet, some 
 having all their last year's wheat. There is also hay and oats but not very much. Fat cattle are pretty 
 well.tBinned out, but there is quite a number on hand yet. 
 
 George Stewart, Otonabee, Peterboro' : There is a considerable quantity of wheat on hand. No oats or 
 hay. There are quite a number of cattle.. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro' : There is not much wheat kept over this season ; of hay and oats 
 about one-fifth is yet o i- hand. There are not more Cattle than enough for local consumption. 
 
 JohnMaloney, Douro, Peterboro': There is not much wheat beyond the requirement for home oon- 
 sumptton, an^l but a limited quantity of hay and.oats. There is not much surplus of fat or store cattle. 
 
 Hamilton Spence, Dummer, Peterboro' : There is no surplus of wheat, hay or oats. There are quite a 
 number of store cattle, but few fat. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton: There is no wheat on haiKl as there f^.^'yXr^f^st^ 
 here. There is plenty of hay ; oats have all ,been sold to lutnbermen. There are a fair number ot store 
 cattle for sale, but no fat cattle. . 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings: Considerable quantities of wheat are left over some farmers havm| 
 their entire crop, prices having ruled very low. There is any quantity of hay, but oats are very scarce, 
 should say there are about as many fat cattle as usual. 
 
 Georse Munro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : There is but little wheat on hand : not enough for home use ; 
 of hay thireis ?onddIrable, but of oats not much will be left when seeding is over. There are not many 
 fat cattle in store. 
 
 Wm. Watt, WoUaston, Hastings : Very little wheat ; some hay, but very few oats and no cattle. 
 
 John Wilson, Dungannon. Hastings : There cannot be any wheat, as there were Wred^ le and two 
 flour imported through the winter. Part of the hay and oats are left over. Of store cattle. 
 
 years old, there are quite a number. 
 
 -- — ■ vicinity of Newburgh, Lennox : There is no surplus of wheat,^ oats or hay_. Ihe 
 
 3d and sent away to Montreal and to the lumber districts north. . 
 
 few head of fat cattle 
 
 surplus hay was pressed and sent away to Montreal and to the lumoer Qistrics nuiM,. ^...-^ r-'-v- 
 
 few head of fat cattle. a -ui 
 
 W. N. Mallory, Adolphustown, Lennox and Addington: There is no surplus wheat, but a considerabl, 
 quantity of hay and oats is left. Inhere are very few fat and but few store cattle. 
 
 R. G, Girvin, Amherst Island, Lennox and Addington : There is. no surplus of wheat, oats, hay or 
 attle. Farmers in this township generally dispose of aU produce m winter. 
 
58 
 
 M. Spoor, Wolfe Island, Frontenac : About twenty per cent, of the wheat crop over and above home 
 reserve is yet on hand. The hay crop is about all sold, having commanded a good price through wiliter. 
 Twenty per cent, of the oat crop is yet on hand. No cattle are fatted here worthy of note. 
 
 Thomas Briggs, Kingston, Frontenac : There is no large quantity of wheat in farmers' hands above that 
 required for home consumption. Hay and oats have been in good quantities ; there may be a little more 
 than required. There are no fat cattle over the requisite supply required for local use. 
 
 Thomas Neal, Barrie, Frontenac : There is no surplus of wheat, hay or oats. There are only a number 
 of store cattle on hand. 
 
 Alex. Ritchie, Storrington, Frontenac : There is no surplus wheat. There is some hay, but not many 
 oats. A number of store cattle are left. 
 
 John Ferguson, Wolfor^, Leeds and Grenville : There is considerable quantity of wheat in fanners' 
 hands above what is needed ; the same may be said of hay and oats. The number of stall-fed cattle here are 
 few and far between, 
 
 S. Edgar, Kitley, Leeds and Grenville : There is a considerable quantity of wheat, and a large quantity 
 of hay ; there are some oats. There are plenty of fat cattle, more than commonly. 
 
 Gideon Fairbairn, Edwardsburg, Leeds and Grenville : There is not much wheat in farmers' hands. 
 Some farmers have a considerable quantity of hay and oats. There are enough of fat and store cattle for 
 home consumption. 
 
 J. A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds : There is no great quantity of wheat on hand, but quite a quantity of 
 hay and oats. There are a few cattle. 
 
 Alex. Farlinger, Williamsburg, Dundas : There is no surplus of wheat ; there is about one-half of the 
 oat crop held, but not many cattle. , 
 
 R. Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : There is no suplus of wheat, but there will be of oats and hay. Not 
 many cattle are on hand. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Farmers in general have more wheat now than they had many 
 years altogether ; hay is plentiful, but oats are not. There are no fat cattle here, but too many store. 
 
 Paul Labrosse, Hawkesbury E., Presoott : There are a few bushels of wheat with many farmers, and 
 merchants have more than usual. There is not a great quantity of hay, but there is plenty for the 
 local want. There are not many spare cattle— a few head only. 
 
 James Surch, Plantaganet S., Prescott: There is very little wheat in farmers' hands above what is 
 required for home consumption, but nearly every farmer has aiew tons of hay. There are no fat cattle, and 
 not many store stock for sale, and what there is are thin in flesh. 
 
 John McLellan, Clarence, Russell : A good deal of wheat, oats and hay is on hand. 
 
 Alfred Hill, Cumberland, Russell : There is no surplus of wheat nor hay ; of oats, there seems to be a 
 small stock on hand. 
 
 R. Serson, Fitzroy, Carleton: With the exception of what some twenty-five farmers have, the wheat 
 crop is pretty well sold off. The hay crop was a short one last season, and is closely sold off ; very little oats 
 are on hand, and all are wanted for feed. Nearly all the fat cattle were bought up to be delivered about the 
 latter part of May ; store cattle, aa a rule, are fed at home for the fall trade or the States next winter. 
 
 Neil Stewart, Goulboume, Carleton : There is no more wheat than will be required for home use ; there 
 IS a large quantity of hay kept over, also some oats, but no cattle. 
 
 Theodore Wasmund, Raglan, Renfrew : There is very little wheat, but considerable flour for sale. Hay 
 and oats are very scarce. There are no fat cattle. 
 
 Alex. Duff, MoNab, i.^.!l";aw : There is a large quantity of wheat held over, but no hay, oats or 
 marketable cattle. 
 
 Wm. Hawkins, jr., Stafford, Renfrew : There is not much wheat or hay, but considerable oats. Cattle 
 are few in number. 
 
 Edward Byrne, Burges«, Lanark : There is a considerable amount of wheat on hand, no sale being made 
 last winter. A great deal of hay is carried over and considerable oats. There are no fat cattle. 
 
 Wm. McGarry, Drummond, Lanark : There is not more \yheat than enough for home consumption, but 
 considerable of hay and oats. The country is alive with store scrubs. 
 
 Robert Lawsoii, jr., Lanark, Lanark : There is no great quantity of wheat or oats, but considerable hay. 
 Saleable cattle are very few in number. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monok, Muakoka ; There is not su6ficient wheat for seed and the acreage is short in 
 consequence. There is no spare hay or oats, but an active demand for seed oats. No cattle are for sale. 
 
 W. T. Openshaw, Stephenson, Muskoka : Small quantities of hay and oats are on hand. Hay sells at 
 SIO per ton, and o its at oj cents iJer bushel. There are no spare cattle. 
 
 .Tame-" D. Smith, McLean and Ridout, Muskoka : There is no surplus wheat. Oats are very scarce and 
 worth 70 cents per bushel. There is sufficient hay but no cattle for sale. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Pariy Sound : There is no surplus wheat and I think no surplus of oats or 
 hay. 1 here are no fat and, I should say, no store cattle either ; but there are many of the .farmers who 
 would sell from two to four or five cows and can't get buyers. 
 
 James Badger, McDouga 1 Parry Sound : There is very little wheat surplus and but a small quantity 
 of hay and oaU. There are very few fat, but plenty of store cattle. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : There is no wheut or oats on hand above reserve ; there is a small 
 quantity of hay. X' at and store cattle are scarce. 
 
59 
 
 LABOUR AND WAGES. 
 
 During the spring season the supply of labourers has been sufficient for the require- 
 ments of farmers in almost every portion of the Province. It is true that a scarcity 
 is reported in a few limited localities, but its extent may be measured by the fact that 
 •only in one group of counties — the St. Lawrence and Ottawa — does the number of cor- 
 respondents who report an insufficiency of farm labour reach as high a ratio as one-fifth 
 of the whole number reporting for the group. As will be seen by the following table, of 
 the 790 correspondents of the Bureau, less than one-tenth report a scarcity, and less 
 than one-fiftieth an overplus : 
 
 
 Monthly Rate of Wages. 
 
 Correspondents in 
 1886 reporting — 
 
 County Groups. 
 
 With Board. 
 
 Without Board. 
 
 1 
 02 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 § 
 
 
 1886 
 
 1885 
 
 1884 
 
 1886 
 
 1885 
 
 1884 
 
 > 
 O 
 
 
 S u. 
 16 69 
 16 53 
 
 15 93 
 
 16 42 
 
 16 72 
 15 91 
 15 78 
 
 17 32 
 
 $ c. 
 
 15 98 
 
 16 70 
 16 54 
 16 64 
 16 93 
 16 00 
 
 16 24 
 
 17 27 
 
 $ 0. 
 
 17 25 
 
 18 06 
 18 07 
 17 45 
 17 96 
 17 73 
 17 35 
 17 25 
 
 $ c. 
 
 23 24 
 25 41 
 
 24 47 
 24 44 
 23 66 
 
 23 70 
 
 24 18 
 24 67 
 
 S c. 
 
 23 53 
 
 25 82 
 
 26 21 
 
 24 02 
 24 94 
 
 24 51 
 
 25 10 
 
 27 00 
 
 $ c. 
 
 25 05 
 28 18 
 
 26 53 
 24 77 
 
 26 84 
 
 27 43 
 26 36 
 26 62 
 
 100 
 94 
 60 
 145 
 132 
 98 
 53 
 27 
 
 .8 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 10 
 15 
 24' 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 Lake Suron 
 
 
 
 Georffian Bay 
 
 3 
 
 West Midland 
 
 4 
 
 Lake Ontario 
 
 1 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 East Midland 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 For the Province 
 
 16 25 
 
 16 45 
 
 '17 70 
 
 24 02 
 
 24 75 
 
 26 78 
 
 709 
 
 67 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 The multiplication of self-binding reapers, as an important factor in the problem of 
 farm labour, has so frequently been discussed in the reports of the Bureau that the fol- 
 lowing figures, obtained from trustworthy sources, are all that need be added at present : 
 
 No. made in 1885. 8,000 
 
 No. sold in Ontario '. 6,500 
 
 No. sold in Quebec and elsewhere 540 
 
 No. sold in Manitoba 650 
 
 No. held over 310 
 
 No. being built for harvest of 1886 9,140 
 
 No return has been received of the number held over from the harvest of^ 1884, but it is 
 estimated as not less than 350. The sales for 1885, given above, are simply from the 
 output of that year, and the whole number sold in Manitoba must have been not less 
 than 800. The number being made for this year is 9,100. 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : Supply of farm labourers abundant ; wages, $10 to $15 with board, 
 according to capacity. 
 
 Thomas, B. White, Anderdon, Essex: The supply of farm labourers is all that is required; wages, $20 
 without board. 
 
 Jasper Golden, Gosfield, Essex : The supply of farm labourers is sufficient, at from $12 to $15 per month 
 with board. 
 
 W. B. Wagstafif, Gosfield, Essex : No lack of hands at about $15 per month with board ; without board 
 
 J- 
 
 A. M. Wigle, Gosfield, Essex : Supply of farm labourers sufficient at from $12 to $15 per month with 
 board ; without board, $22. 
 
 $26. 
 
60 
 
 T.F. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : Supply of farm labourers full, and to spare, at about $15 per month with 
 board, and from $25 to $30 without board. 
 
 Wm. Ellis, Maidstone, Essex : Supply more than suflfieient, at about $16 per month with board ; without 
 board, $1 per day. 
 
 Robert Manery, Mersea, Essex : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers at from $16 to $18 per 
 month with board. ' , 
 
 Geo. Russell, Mersea, Essex : I do not hear of any scarcity of farm labourers. I think wages will average 
 $14 per month with board and lodging. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers ; average wages, $15 per 
 month with board ; $1 per day without board. 
 
 Wm. MoCormick, Pelee Island, Essex : Labour supply sufficient at from $12 to $18 per month with 
 board. 
 
 Geo. Leak, Rochester, Essex : Farm labourers rather scarce ; wages, $26 per month. 
 
 H. W. Cohoe, Rochester, Essex: Farm labour supply is sufficient at from $15 with board to $25 
 without board. ' 
 
 Geo. Little, Sandwich East, Essex : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, at about $14 per 
 month with board. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich East, Essex : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, but those of first 
 class are scarce. Good hands receive from $15 to $20 a month with board. 
 
 Denis Rochelean, Sandwich West, Essex : Supply sufficient ; wages $10 to $15 per month vrith board. 
 
 John Stratford, Tilbury North, Essex ; Farm labourers plenty at from $12 to $15 per month. 
 
 Daniel Stuart, Tilbury West, Essex : The supply of farm labourers is sufficient. 
 
 , Francis Giflord, Camden, Kent : Plenty of help ; wages, $16 to $26. 
 
 A. J. 0. Shaw, Camden, Kent : The supply of farm labourers is fair ; wages, $18 per month for seven 
 months. ^ 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : The supply is sufficient ; wages rule low ; they require to be good mem 
 who receive $18 per month for six months. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Farm labourers are plenty at from $18 to $20 per month with board. 
 
 John Chappie, Dresden, Kent : Plenty of labourers at $1 per day. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : The supply of farm labourers is sufficient ; wages, .$20 per month j 
 $240 per annum vrithout board ; 75 cents per diem and board. ' 
 
 Robert Cummings, Harwich, Kent : There appears to be a sufficiency of male help, but domestic servants 
 still remain scarce. The wages of men ranges from $17 per month with board, to $25 without board. 
 
 Thomas Scane, Howard, Kent : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers ; wages, $13 to $15 with 
 board ; without board, $18 to $20. 
 
 John Bishop, Orf ord, Kent : There are as many farm labourers as are wanted ; wages about $16 per 
 month for eight months ; for the year, $12.50 per month with board. 
 
 J. C. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : The supply of farm labourers is very plentiful at $15 per month" with and 
 $24 without board. 
 
 George Hope, Tilbury East, Kent : There is a sufficient supply of njen, but girls are scarce ; wages of 
 men, $16 per month and board. 
 
 Mathew Martin, Tilbury East, Kent : There is a scarcity of good farm labourers ; wages, $16 per month 
 with board ; without board $26. 
 
 ' L. E. Vogler, Zone, Kent : The supply of farm labourers is sufficient, at $15 per month and board. 
 
 Wm. Clark, Aldborough, Elgin : Supply of farm labourers moderate ; wages about $16 per month with, 
 and about $24 per month without board. 
 
 J. W. Howey, Bayham, Elgin : Plenty of farm labourers ; average wages, $15 per month with board, 
 and about $20 to $24 per month without board. . 
 
 Geo. A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : There are more men than can get work ; wages, $15 per month with 
 board. . 
 
 Lewis Simpson, Dorchester South, Elgin : Labour plenty at $8 to $18 per month with board. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : The supply of farm labourers is equal to the demand ; wages about 
 $200 per year with board. . 
 
 Chas. Chute, Malahide, Elgin : The supply of farm labourers is sufficient; ; day wages, 75 cents to $1 ; 
 per month, vidth board, for season of eight months, $17. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Labourers are plenty this season ; wages, per month— by the year — 
 about $14 with board. Farmers cannot afford to pay high wages at the present prices of produce. 
 
 Jas. Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : Supply sufficient ; wages $15 per month with board ; per day, with 
 board, 75 cents. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, Charlottevillej Norfolk : There is a sufficient supply at about $13 per month with, and 
 from $18 to $20 per month without board. 
 
 Wm. Meharg, Houghton, Norfolk; There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers; the average rate of 
 wages per month, with board, is $16 ; without board, $24. 
 
61 
 
 Wd -12? peTith'SMrf^'^ = ^'^'^ ^"PP'^ "' *^™ ^''^-™- ' -^- -l^-' «1* P- -o°th with 
 
 monltda^bSd.^"'™'""'^' '^°'^°^''= ^ ^"""^ ^^PPly °f f''™ labourers; average wages about $15 per 
 monfhs^'"'""''*""' ^''^'^S^^' Norfolk : Labourers plenty ; wages $16 to $20 with board, for the summer 
 
 monfh! wSh W^"d ;'$moT20''^S b^^-d! ''^ '^'""^^^ '"'^'^* ^''^ ^"^P^^^™-' ^* ^-^ ^^^ to $14 per 
 boardXImS'^'''' ^•"'^^^' Norfolk : Plenty of hands at $15 per month; $24, with free house and 
 
 aboufs^is'^pfrto^lIX'dtrwf rnd wI^hTn^ ' ^"*'='^"* '^^''' "' '^"^ '^"""^'^'^ ' ^™^^^« ^^^ 
 
 W. W. WeUs, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Farm labourers are plentiful at from $16 to $26 per month. 
 
 <.=t f^""?," ^' ^°"^^''' Canborough, Haldimand : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers but thev 
 ask such enormous wages that farmers are doing without them. i*oourers, out iney 
 
 board'. ^' ^°''*^' ^^'^^^ ^- ^^Idimand : Farm labourers are not scarce ; wages about $15 per month, with 
 
 w»<.Z' WV.t'^tTri, '-'•^^S* ^7 l''''^^,*^^'^ = Sufficient supply by the month, but day labourers scarce; 
 wages, by the month with board, about $16 ; without board, $24 per month. 
 
 ; S; ^•v?k''"" j'^''°'^vP"'i"j Haldimand : I think more men could find employment at from $10 to $20 per 
 
 ■month, with board ; without board, about $25 per month. «. «. v ' 
 
 John Bradford, Dunn, Haldimand : Plenty of farm labourers ; wages about $15 per month, with board, 
 for a season ox six months. => t- , > 
 
 . »i"l°®' Misener, Moulton, Haldnnand : There appears to be a good supply of farm labourers ; wages, $17 
 to $18 per month, with board ; $25 to $30 without board. > & , v > 
 
 John Senn Oneida, Haldimand : Yes, there is a sufficient supply of farm labourers-more than of late ; 
 wages about $14 per month and board, by the year ; $16 per month for six or eight months. 
 
 oon ^"' ^' ^f!:'^o".t> Bertie, WeUand : There is a scarcity of reaUy good, efficient help ; wages from $15 to 
 $20 per mouth, with board; $20 to $25 without board. ■/ s . f, s 
 
 ^^■JioCUye, Bertie, WeUand : Supply of farm labourers quite sufficient for the wants of farmers; 
 wages $11 per month, with board ; for six months, without board, $25. 
 
 ,^'^; '*■• Ji^msiden, Humberstone, WeUand : Good hands are scarce ; wages from $15 to $16 per month, 
 with board ; without board, $25. , i- > 
 
 •ic fS? KUne, Pelham, WeUand : Supply of farm labourers equal to the demand ; rate of wages from 
 «15 to $20 per mouth, with board. These rates are far too high for the prices of produce. 
 
 Peter Nelter, PeUiam, WeUand : Farm labourers scarce at $15 per month, with board. 
 
 John Halcomb, Thorold, WeUand : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, such as they are ; the 
 average rate of wages, by the year, is about $12.50 per month, with board ; without board, about $19 per 
 month for a like period. 
 
 H. H. Beam, WiUoughby, WeUand : Farmers are well supplied with labourers, mostly by the month ; 
 best men are receiving about $18 per month for, say, eight months, commencing AprU 1st. 
 
 Jas. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton: There are enough of farm labourers at from $13 to $15, with 
 board ; times are duU on the farm. 
 
 Robt. Montgomery, Enniskillen, Lambton : Farm labour is scarce ; the rate of wages is about $18 per 
 month. 
 
 Wm. Young, Plympton, Lambton : Supply sufficient, yet competent men could get steady employment 
 at from $18 to $20 per month, with board. 
 
 Chas. Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Can get plenty farm labourers at $10 per month, and board. 
 
 J. B. Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : The farm labourer market is abundantly supplied, and is likely to be 
 overstocked with a class the least useful— I mean poor immigrants that have to learn after they arrive. Such 
 immigrants as have enough of money to rent a farm and stock it are the only ones likely to succeed here, as 
 we rarely hire men in the winter. 
 
 Jas. Thompson, Warwick, Lambton : The supply of farm labourers is plentiful ; wages, per month with 
 board, $15; without board, $20. 
 
 Wm. Spence, Grey, Huron : Farm labourers supply sufficient ; wages range from $12 to $18 per month. 
 
 N. Robson, HuUett, Huron : Labourers rather scarce, at $17 per month. 
 
 C. Prouty, Stephen, Huron : Plenty of farm labourers ; wages, for the whole year, from $10 to $12 per 
 month ; during harvest time only, from $25 to $30. 
 
 G. Edwin Gresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : There is a good supply of farm labourers ; wages about $18 
 per month for the summer season. In view of the general low figures for farm produce, farmers seem dis- 
 inclined to give as high wages as in previous years. 
 
62 
 
 Frank Morley, Usborne, Huron : Farm labourers were more plentiful this spring than for several years 
 before ; wages are not quite so high this year, the average being about $16 per month, with board, for a. 
 period of seven or eight months. 
 
 Alfred Carr, Wawauosh E., Huron ; Plenty of help, as many farmers are getting in machinery, and as 
 a consequence they do not require much hired help ; wages, for the summer, say $16 to $18 per month, and 
 board ; girls, from $5 to $6 per month. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Good supply of farm labourers ; wages less than for some years past. 
 
 James Grant, Kinloss, Bruce : Yes, there is a sufficient supply of farm labourers ; wages range from $18 
 to $19 per month, with board. 
 
 Peter Reed, Kinloss,- Bruce : Farm labourers very scarce at $20 per month, vidth board, for six months. 
 
 Robt. B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : Plenty of help for farming, at about $20 per month, and board. 
 
 J. Hiokling, Artemesia, Grey : Not many first-class farm labourers, but numbers of useless ones — men 
 who want wages and give nothing in return ; wages about $16 per month. 
 
 Malcolm Cameron, Bentinok, Grey ; No demand for farm labourers ; farmers are doing their own work % 
 wages from $13 to $15 per month and board. 
 
 Jas. Shearer, Egremont, Grey : There is a surplus of farm labourers here ; cannot state prevailing rate 
 of wages. 
 
 W. Lotten, Keppel, Grey : Farm help plentiful, and getting from $14 to $16 per month, with board. 
 
 Robt. Dunlop, St. Vincent, Grey ; Farm labourers rather scarce ; wages about $18 per month with 
 board ; without board, $26. 
 
 Thomas MoCabe, Simooe : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers, at about $18 per month with 
 board : without board, $27 per month. 
 
 Jas. Robertson, Flos, Simcoe : Farm labourers rather scarce at $16 per month and board ; without 
 board, $24. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Simooe ; Big supply of farm labourers. Good men get about $18 per month ; in 
 former years this same class of men received $20 per mouth. 
 
 R. C. Hopewell, Medonte, Simcoe : There appears to be a surplus of farm labourers ; wages range from 
 $12 to $16 with board ; without board, $20 to $24. 
 
 Basil R. Rowe, Orillia, Simcoe : No scarcity of farm labourers ; the supply exceeds the demand ; 
 wages about $18 per month and board for good farm hands, and $22 to $25 per month without board. 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : Ready demand for good farm labourers at from $16 to $20 per 
 month with board. 
 
 J. Grimason, Caradoo, Middlesex : The supply of farm labourers is sufficient, at wages ranging from $12 
 to $16 per month with board. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Good supply of farm labourers, but female servants are scarce. 
 
 Alex. Smith, McGUlivray, Middlesex : The supply of farm labourers is greater than the demand ; wages 
 $15 to $20 per month and board '• without board, $26. 
 
 J. A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Not enough of farm labourers ; wages run from $12 to $16 per 
 month with board. 
 
 Peter Stewart, Williams W., Middlesex : The supply of farm labourers is sufficient, such as they are ; it 
 is hard to get a good ploughman. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford ; Good hands are very scarce ; plenty of poor help ; wages about $18 
 per month with board. 
 
 M. & W. Schell, East Oxford, Oxford: A scarcity of competent, active and reliable young men; 
 married men not so much wanted ; wages $15 to $16 per month with board ; without boajrd, $20 to $22 per 
 month for the year. 
 
 Jos. Sefton, North Oxford, Oxford : There are more than enough of farm labourers, at wages ranging 
 from $14 to $18 per month for six or eight months. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : There is a fuU supply of farm labourers. The six months' system is 
 the custom here : wages about $18 per month and board ; without board, $28. 
 
 Robert Beatty, Blanshard, Perth : There is a sufficient supply of men, but women servants are very 
 scarce : wages for men $17 to $18 per month and board ; for women, $6 to $8 per month. 
 
 R. Ballautyne, Dowioie, Perth : Farm labourers are scarce : wages $15 to $18 per month and board for 
 the year ; for the summer six months about $18 per month with board ; without board, $25. 
 
 Robert Forest, Elma, Perth : There is a scarcity of farm labourers at $20 per month and board ; domestic 
 servants are also very scarce. 
 
 Alex. McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Farm labourers are very scarce owing to the number going to Dakota 
 and the west ; average wages per month with board $17 to $18. 
 
 John Strang, Garafraxa W., WelUngton : Plenty of farm labourers at $16 per month and board. 
 
 Robert Oromar, Pilkington, Wellington : Plenty of farm labourers are to be had at from $12 to $14 per 
 month and board. 
 
 Alex. Wellesley, Wat&loo : There appears to be plenty of farm labourers, at about $18 per month and 
 board. 
 
63 
 
 N. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Good men are getting $20 per month and board. A large number of 
 English lads have come into this section, and they are taking the places of experienced hands. Some of 
 them work for their board, and others for $5 and $6 per month. ' 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : There is quite a supply of farm labourers — more than there has, 
 been here for many years ; wages about $18 per month and board for eight months. 
 
 Jas. H. Newlove, Albion, Peel : Supply not equal to the demand ; wages $18 to $22 per month with 
 board. 
 
 John Campbell, Chinguacousy, Peel : Plenty of men to be had ; wages about $18 per month with board. 
 
 D. Evans, Etobicoke, V ork : Farm labour is scarcer than for seven years past ; good hands are getting 
 $200 per year and board. 
 
 George Evans, jr., Georgina, York: There is a plentiful supply of farm labourers; wages, per month 
 with board, about $16 for the summer months, and about $13 per month for the year. 
 
 F. C. Sibbald, M.D., Gwillimbury N., York : Farm labourers too numerous ; wages $15 per month 
 with board. 
 
 Jas. Robinson, Markliam, York : Plenty of men ; wages $18 to $20 per month. 
 
 N. A. MaUory, Vaughan, York : A scarcity, at $17 to $20 per month with board ; without board, $25. 
 to $30. 
 
 E. Lanigan, Mara, Ontario , Farm labourers are plentiful, at $14 per month and board. 
 
 Joseph McGrath, Mara, Ontario : There is rather a, scarcity of farm labourers, at from $16 to $17 per 
 month and board. 
 
 Benjamin F. Brown, Thorah, Ontario : Labourers are plentiful, at $17 per month and board : without 
 board, $21. 
 
 Jas. Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Farm labourers are plentiful ; average wages about $15 per month 
 with board. 
 
 Wm. Lucas, Cartwright, Durham : Abundance of farm labourers ; wages from $15 to $18 per month and 
 board, for seven or eight months of spring, summer and early fall. 
 
 Abraham Morris, Cartwright, Durham: Farm labourers scarce, at from $15 to $20 per month and 
 board ; without board, $26 to $30. 
 
 Robert Oolville, Clarke, Durham : Owing to the introduction of agricultural machinery, the supply of 
 agricultural labourers is sufficient. 
 
 G. F. Brisbin, Alnwick, Northumberland : Farm hands are plenty ; wages are about $15 per month 
 and board. 
 
 George Sanderson, Cramahe, Northumberland : Plenty of men at $14 per month ; but domestic servants, 
 are scarce. 
 
 J. C. Conger, Hallowell, Prince Edward : Farm labourers are plentiful at from $15 to $18 per month 
 with board, and $24 to $26 per month without board. 
 
 Jas. Cooper, Marysburg South, Prince Edward : A scarcity of farm labourers at about $15 per month 
 and board. 
 
 F. Bosley, Anglesea, Addington : Farm labourers plenty at from $13 to $16 per month with board. 
 W. N. Mallony, Adolphustown, Lennox and Addington : A scarcity of farm hands at $19 per month 
 with board. 
 
 Leonard Wager, Sheffield, Lennox and Addington : Plenty of farm labourers ; wages generally about, 
 $15 per month and board. 
 
 Wm. Hamilton, Hinchinbrook, Frontenac : There is no demand for farm- labourers ; wages, $10 per 
 month with board ; without board about $15. 
 
 David J Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : The supply of farm labourers is about sufficient ; wages per 
 month with board, about $15 to $18 ; without board, $25 to $26 per month, for six or seven jnonths. 
 
 M Spoor Wolfe Island, Frontenac : Farm- labourers are very scarce here ; they demand more wages 
 than they can earn, say from $15 to $18 per month with board, and $25 without board. 
 
 Gideon Fairbaim, Edwardsburg, Leeds and GrenvUle: There appears to be a fair supply, of farm 
 labourers ; wages about $16 per month with board. 
 
 John Conn, Oxford, Leeds and Grenville : Supply rather limited at about $20 per month. 
 Hugh Hagan, North Crosby, Leeds : Farm labourers very scarce here at present. 
 
 David York, South Crosby, Leeds and GrenvUle: Farm labourers in abundance; wages with board,, 
 about $16 per month ; without board $1 per day. • 
 
 Tnhn r, Stafford rear Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds ; With our improved machinery we are nearly all 
 doing our own workT boys to do light work are in most demand at from $5 to $10 per month with board. 
 
 Geo. C. Tracy, Williamsburg, Dundas : Supply about sufficient ; wages about $15 with board for five 
 months ending September 30th. ,,,..,„ 
 
 Alex. FarHnger, WilUamsburg, Dundas: Farm labourers plentiful ; farmers refuse to pay over $10 or 
 $15 per month with 'board. , ^. ,, »in * »i<, 
 
 Thos. McDonell, Charlottenburgh, Glengarry: Sufficient supply of farm labourers; wages $10 to $1* 
 per month. 
 
64 
 
 W. McClintock, Hawkesbury East, Presoott : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers ; average 
 wages per month with board, about $14, • 
 
 Henry Armstrong, Clarence, Russell; Plenty of farm help in this township ; wages about $15 per month 
 and board. 
 
 H. Smith, Gloucester, Carleton : Supply sufficient ; wages $14 to $16 per month and board. 
 
 R. Serson, Fitzroy, Oarleton ; Farm help rather scarce, at $15 per month and board ; $1 per day without 
 board. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton ; Labourers plenty ; wages about $14 per month with board. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : The supply of farm labourers is about equal to the demand ; wages 
 from $16 to $20 per month and board. 
 
 R. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew : The supply of farm labourers is amply sufficient ; servant girls are 
 not so scarce as formerly, either ; wages, as a consequence, are lower than before. 
 
 J. M. Kennedy, Alice, Renfrew : Farm labourers are scarce at $18 and board per month. 
 
 Theo. Wasmund, Raglan, Renfrew : There is a sufficiency of farm labourers at from $15 to $20 per month 
 and board. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark ; There is a sufficient supply of men, but female help is scarce ; wages of 
 men, $16 to $18 per month with board. 
 
 Peter D. Campbell, Drummond, Lanark : Men are scarce ; wages rate from $15 to $20 per month with 
 board. 
 
 Robert Lawson, jr., Lanark, Lanark : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers at about $16 per 
 month and board. 
 
 N. HeasUp, Bexley, Victoria : Abundance of labourers ; wages range from $14 to $16 per month with 
 board, for a term of six months. 
 
 Wm. Cookman, Somerville, Victoria : The supply is sufficient, at 816 per month with board. 
 
 Porter Preston, Belmont, Peterborough : Abundance of farm labourers ; wages from $12 to $15 per 
 month with board. 
 
 Hamilton Spence, Dummer, Peterborough : There is a full supply of farm labourers, and wages range 
 from .$10 to $18 per month with board. 
 
 A. Southworth, Cardiff, Haliburton : Farm labourers are plenty at $16 per month with board. 
 
 John Wilson, Dungannon, Hastings : No complaints as to the supply of 'farm labourers ; wages about 
 $16 per month with board. 
 
 Wm. Chapman, Huntingdon, Hastings : There is a scarcity of good farm labourers ; wages, $i4 per 
 month with .board; without board, $20. > - 
 
 Jas. Earley, Chafifey, Muskoka : There is a sufficient supply of labourers at, say, $15 per month with 
 board ; without board, $25. . 
 
 Moses Davis, Morrison, Muskoka : The supply is sufficient at about $16 per month with board ; all farm 
 hands board with their employers. 
 
 Donald Gordon, Chapman, Parry Sound : Farm labourer supply sufficient ; wages, $18 per month with 
 board. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Parry Sound : There is a sufficient supply of farm labourers ; the average rate 
 of wages is $16 per month with board. 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 John Hookar, Mersea, Essex : We have had a very favourable season for doing spring work, and the 
 land has been in the best of condition for putting in the seed. There is a large amount of corn planted at 
 the present date, and if the weather holds favourable the bulk of it will be planted next week. 
 
 J. H. Morgan, Anderdon, Essex : Bad times ; every one grumbling and a great many leeking work. 
 A great many of our people are leaving for Dakota. 
 
 A. M. Wigle, Gosfield, Essex : We are thankful to the Bureau for their reports, which aid us very much 
 in proportioning the various kinds of crops to the probable demand. 
 
 John Buckland, Gosfield, Essex : The hay crop prospect is not so favourable as last year. Wheat looks 
 the most pleasing that I have seen for some years in this township, although in the townships east I notice 
 a good deal of it looking bad — pulled out by frost. Good beef cattle are selling at paying prices. I think we 
 should pay more attention to this branch of farmine". We can afford to feed beef with com at 40 cents. 
 
 Arthur J. Amer, Gosfield, Essex : The winter and spring have been very favourable for farmers. The 
 winter was free from driving storms and feed was plenty. Spring opened early and has been warm, with 
 fine growing showers, and no heavy rains. The result, consequently, must be favourable to good crops for 
 the coming season. What we want now is a demand for what we have, and are likely to have, and we are a 
 happy fraternity. 
 
 Wm. McCormick, Pelee Island, Essex : It has been rather a soft winter and the spring has been good 
 except one storm in April, which was the worst ever known in this place. Since that time the weather ha« 
 been fine and vegetation is very forward. 
 
65 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : The spring set in verj; early considering how late we had snow. To-day 
 the cherry, peach and plum trees are all in full bloom, with the promise of an abundant crop. The apple 
 trees give promise of a very large crop if we have no more frost, and insects are not bad. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich E., Essex: There is a bright future for the tiller of the soil, provided he 
 devotes a part of his leisure hours to studying the wants and necessities of his farm. The secret does not lie 
 simply in sowing, but proper care should be given in draining and manuring his land. Many farmers are 
 going to bankruptcy only by not attending properly to their farm. Another great draw back in this part of 
 the country is that we have no shipping contractor. 
 
 T. E. Kane, Maidstone, Essex : It has not hajjpened in the recollection of the oldest settlers that the 
 fruit trees were in full bloom in the month of AprU before this year. All vegetation is about one month 
 ahead of other seasons generally. In one week more all the corn will be planted. 
 
 W. McKeuzie Ross, Harwich, Kent : My study during the last twenty years is fruits and flowers. Of 
 the latter I imported from the old country 40,000 plants, besides 50 new apple trees, 55 pear trees, 50 plum 
 trees, 12 varieties of quince trees and medlers, 200 English goosberries, 20 different sorts of English violets, 
 and 1000 roses ; and while horses, bulls, boars, rams, cocks and what not are entered free of duty, poor 
 W. McKenzie Ross had to pay his 20 per cent. I placed the matter before the Minister of Customs twice, 
 but no use. 
 
 Alex. Young, Harwich, Kent : Farmers in this section have depended too much on fall wheat, and now 
 that the prices have gone so low and the crops are a partial failure they are suffering the consequences. 
 However, some are turning their attention to stock of various kinds. Land has decreased in value. A 
 farmer was telling me lately that three years ago he was offered $10,000 for a hundred acres by two parties ; 
 he is now offering it for $8,500 without a purchaser. 
 
 F. B. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : Prices of produce are low, but the favourable spring has inspirited the 
 the farmer and he looks forward to a very good season on the whole. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : I would say that the late boom establishing Farmers' Institutes 
 throughout the west is not having very much success in bringing the farmers to see the necessity of proper 
 care of their stock. I see many of them in this locality, who were foremost in estabUshing the Institutes, are 
 letting their cattle, hogs, etc., pasture on the highways with full privilege of scrub bulls, etc. 
 
 G. R. Langford, Camden, Kent : Many farmers would not sell their wheat last fall for 83 to 85 cents 
 per bushel and are now selling for 75 to 78 cents. 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : On April 6th we had the coldest, wettest and deepest snow storm of the 
 whole winter ; sleighs were very busy for four days of the week ; then it went off and spring set right in 
 and there was good pick for cattle in April, when many turned out for good. 
 
 Robert Gumming, Harwich, Kent : Comparing this year with last we lind wheat not looking one-half 
 so well, but stock are looking better and the spring has opened much more favourable. The financial out- 
 look is not near so good, prices remaining very low. Bees have wintered and come out exceedingly well. 
 
 J. Hally, Aldborough, Elgin : Aldborough suffers from the want of pure bred male animals. I asked 
 the assessor this year to endeavour to furnish me with a list of pedigreed animals in the township when he, 
 got through. His reply was, " I don't think there is a pedigreed bull in Aldborough." 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : The lectures delivered throughout the county at the various Farm- 
 ers' Institutes on permanent grasses, by Professor Brown, has stimulated the farmers to seed down more or 
 less to permanent pasture. The question often arises : From whom can these various grass seeds be obtained 
 and relied upon ? LTop-dress liberally with good manure, and native grasses will give you the best of per- 
 manent pasture. / 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : The grasshopers are threatening to do a great deal of damage on 
 light, sandy soil, in the south of the township, if the weather should get dry. 
 
 Lewis Simpson, Dorchester S., Elgin : As far as my memory serves me I think the prospects have not 
 been more promising in this part for fifty years. 
 
 Charles Chute Malahide, Elgin : We had in this locality on the 6th of April one of the greatest snow 
 storms in years from the north-east. Considerable daniage was done to buildmgs and timber. Snow fell 
 about two feet, and it was damp at that, but it seemed to benefit the wheat, which looked much brighter 
 a,fter the snow left. We have not had a bit of snow and scarcely any frost since. 
 
 Robert Watson Windham, Norfolk : The oldest inhabitant says that he never saw wheat, grass and 
 fruit trees in these parts lo6k better at this time of the season ; but as he is always called a, big bar you will 
 not be Ukely to take much stock in what he says. Yet it is seldom things look better m the interest of 
 fanners than they do at the present time. 
 
 James McKnight Windham, Norfolk : This is one of the best springs for grass seeds coming up I ever 
 saw— that is, on the dry soils. There are some few farmers trying the permanent pasture seeds. I have 
 sown four acres of it, and it is up nicely. j , . , , 
 
 Herbert Kitchen, Townsend, Norfolk : We have had quite an early spring, and grass and fruit buds 
 started 'remarkably early, but frequent rains and cool days smce have kept them from advancing rapidly. 
 WMe in thts section spring seeding is about over, some have sowed nothing yet where the soil is more of a 
 mixture of clay and sand, and cannot until the weather gets wai-m and dry. 
 
 ■ John Machon, CharlotteviUe, Norfolk : The stock of horses and cattle are, with very few exceptions, poor ; 
 the farmers don't seeS to encourage first-class stock. Last summer the grasshoppers and the early frosts 
 destro^d much of th? clover, and this spring the hoppers are already on the war-path The corn did not 
 aestroyea mucn 01 ine ^ > . "^nd in many instances farmers planted two and three timSs. The 
 
 wMrke^t it moist aXwas\rrveftedi^ bad co^ndition generally. All fruit trees look splendid, and 
 
 ''™'wm*z"Nixo/'woodhouse, Norfolk : Cattle were turned to pasture the middle of May, and some had 
 them out in' April— the earliest spring on record. 
 5— (M. K.) 
 
66 
 
 John H. Houser, Canboro', Haldimand : I wish to say that we have got to plant out forest trees for 
 protection to our wheat fields. This spring has been one of the best to test the value of belts of trees for 
 shelter, for where there is any wheat it is alongside woods, or where rows of trees are g^own. 
 
 John Henry Best, Walpole, Haldmand : On the 6th day of April a great snow storm commenced, with 
 violent winds, completely blocking up the roads in many jilaces. Such a storm has not been known in the 
 memory of the oldest inhabitant. . . Tree planting, I am pleased to observe, has been on the 
 increase this spring, with good results. . . Underdraining in many places in this township would 
 be a great preventative of the fall wheat being injured with ice. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Fall wheat is the only crop which has a bad outlook. All other 
 crops promise well, and fruit abundant from present appearance. 
 
 V. Honsberger, Cayuga S., Haldimand : This season has proved again the importance of shelter for fall 
 wheat. Wherever a field is sheltered by woods or any other means, the wheat is first-class, but in unsheltered 
 places, no matter how good condition the soil was, the crop will be almost a failure. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Seneca, Haldimand : Times at present are dull, and the prospect of farming operations 
 is anyting but encouraging. Produce and cattle are low in price ; demand is not brisk, and buyers get them 
 at their own figures. 
 
 Jas. McClure, Bertie, Welland : This has been the finest spring for forty years ; warm and plenty of 
 rain I find by experience that all the trouble in not getting a good crop is for want of properly feeding the 
 soil. In the case of fall wheat, if the land is rich the weather does not check growth of the plant, and, like 
 stock, if well fed, will always give good results. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : The winter on the whole was favourable for wheat, grass and fruit 
 trees. One night, however, fixed the peach blossoms, the thermometer having reached 20 below zero. The 
 spring is remarkable for the absence of frost, being fully from two to three weeks in advance of last. 
 
 J. W. Overholt, Wainfleet, Welland : Pasture is very fine for the 15th of May. Cattle have done well 
 for the last two weeks. There are a large number of cattle feeding for the export trade, and they have done 
 well ; all are sold to shippers. For the local market they brought 4 to 4J cents, and for export 5 cents. 
 There will be from sixteen to twenty carloads shipped by the last of the month. 
 
 C. Riselay, Bertie, Welland : I never saw meadows so advanced, or pasturage so good at this season * 
 but spring seeding is very backward, owing to the continual wet weather for the last month. 
 
 L. Buokton, Crowland, Welland : Farmers who were fortunate to sow the latter part of April did well, 
 for this month has been very wet, and it has been tedious working on the land. . . . There are quite 
 a number of good general purpose horses around this season, and quite an increase in colts. 
 
 Eugene E. Garner, Thorold, Welland : Considerable interest is being taken in breeding horses, the large 
 class being preferred. , 
 
 Wm. Mowbray, Moore, Lambton ; This has been a very early spring. Forest trees and fruit trees are 
 out in leaf, about ten days ahead of the usual time. We have had plenty of rain to keep grass and grain grow- 
 ing. Crops are looking well at present, but the ground is too wet to work ; we have to wait until it dries; 
 before we can plant potatoes. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : The spring has been favourable for getting along with spring 
 work. The morning of the 8th inst. we had quite a hard frost ; it has done some damage to grape vines. 
 Since the 25th April the spring has been one of the finest,' temperature continuing the evenest I have ever- 
 known in a residence of fifty years in this eodntry, and vegetation is the furthest advanced. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Never saw a finer appearance for fruit ; apples splendid. All crops, 
 looking well, except fall wheat. 
 
 Joseph H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : I will venture one general remark here that I have often made: 
 orally, and that is, that I have never seen a place where horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry are so healthy 
 and so free from contagious diseases as in this part of Ontario. We have no hog cholera, no chicken cholera,, 
 no gapes in chickens, and yet most of the farm animals have to rough it to a considerable extent. 
 
 Simon Burns, Dawn, Lambton : This being almost a new township, every owner of land is engaged in 
 lumbering during the winter months, such as saw logs, cordwood, basswood and elm bolts. The necessity of 
 help for handling this heavy stufE causes the scarcitjr of labourers in winter, the improved machinery in 
 haying and harvesting being the reason of the plentiful supply of, labour in the summer months. If the 
 Bureau could be the means of sending some of the latest and hardiest varieties of fall wheat into this vicinity, 
 the farmers would very much appreciate its action. 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : This has been the earliest spring that we have any record of. It has been 
 most beautiful growing weather, and the consequence is that everything is in a very advanced stage. The- 
 prospects for an abundant supply of fruit never were better. Everything in that line seems to have an extra 
 amount of bloom. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : The season will long be remembered as one of early and rapid vegetation, 
 and as affording from the dryness of the soil and remarkably fine weather unusual facilities for getting in 
 the spring grain in a good condition. 
 
 D.S. Robertson, Plympton, Lambton : Wherever the fall wheat was well drained (underdrained especially), 
 and well manured it survived the winter tolerably well, even without any shelter whatever. 
 
 Geo. M. Kverest, Plympton, Lambton : Your correspondent has resided in this vicinity twenty-five 
 years and in the province fortjf-six years, and does not remember of ever seeing a finer or more promising- 
 spring. Should frosts not visit us any more this spring we may expect a bountiful supply of gram, fruits,^ 
 roots, etc. , for man and beast. 
 
 James Thompson, Warwick, Lambton : Fall wheat in exposed sections, not promoted by trees, is badly- 
 killed, showing the necessity of wind-breaks, and also need of drainage. 
 
67 
 
 John Ruth, Goderich, Huron ; Good prospects for the summer crop of 1886. Prophets prophesy a verv 
 abundant harvest and a good year all through. ^ c j j 
 
 JamesMitchell, Howick, Hu'ron : There are not one-fourth of the labouring hands that this township 
 once contained. Hard times and low prices seem to cause farmers to economize ; to do all they can and hire 
 none. The most important question m this sheet is in connection with the wheat question The loss that 
 this county sustains is certainly not less than ten per cent, on the whole wheat area, and the cause nine 
 times out of ten, is the lack of drainage. ' 
 
 Jas. Treemer, HuUett, Huron : What is most wanted here is underdraining. For lack of this a ereat 
 deal of land is practically unproductive, though it is of the very best quaUty. It would be well if the 
 Government could give some substantial aid in underdraining, or at least make easy loans to the farmers. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Shortly after I sent the May circular to post yesterday (May 11th) I 
 found the new shoots of the grapes considerably damaged by a frost that we had a night or two last week 
 but I don't see anything else injured. The grapes had made an early start on abcount of the fine weather 
 we have had iov some time. The trees and shrubs of almost all varieties are very full of blossom and 
 pastures for this season of the year are remarkably good. ' 
 
 T._M. Kay, Usborne, Huron : Wenever had a spring in this section more favourable to vegetable growth 
 Very little frost and warm pleasant weather ; there is no need to growl so far. 
 
 Robert Currie, East Wawanosh, Huron : We have had a very fine winter and an early spring and so 
 far we have had no frost. We have not had such good growth so early for many years, and everything looks 
 well. ° 
 
 John Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron : There has been quite a demand this spring for horses of all 
 classes, and at good prices, chiefly American buyers. Milch cows are also in good demand at fair prices. 
 
 Edwin Gaunt, West Wawanosh, Huron : Another lesson has been given to our farmers upon the vast 
 importance of underdraining, by the appearance of wheat and clover on drained and undrained lands respec- 
 tively. It would appear that wheat sown on well tilled and underdrained land is guaranteed a bountiful 
 crop, while on the other hand, our poorly tilled and undrained land it is hit or miss, with ten chances to one 
 you will miss it. This method is decidedly unprofitable, as our work gives no adequate return. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : I would say that fall wheat is injured to the extent of thirty per cent by 
 winter killing ; ground frozen this morning (May 17th), the only hard frost since 8th April. 
 
 John Beattie, McKillop, Huron : This has been an unusually fine spring, free from frost until last night 
 when it made ice on the water in the shade and under roof. If frost does not hurt things we will have a 
 very early harvest, and, I believe, a very abundant one. You are aware that we have scarcely any plum 
 trees in this part, the black knot having killed them. But what few are left seem to have outlived the knot 
 and are looking well this year. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : There was quite a frost on Monday morning, 17th May, and from the 
 stage of the plum crop, it will probably do considerable injury. Apples are not sufficiently advanced, the 
 blossoms not haying expanded yet. 
 
 Wm. Welsh, Huron, Bruce : It is evident that we cannot have early pasture, unless our land is under- 
 drained and pastured less in the fall. 
 
 Wm. Mackintosh, Arran, Bruce : Farmers, on account of the times, are not engaging many hands, hence 
 the supply is sufficient. A larger area is under hay and grass for pasture than usual, and farmers w'ill not 
 require as many hired hands. They are paying more attention to stock raising than they did when wheat 
 was $1 to $1.25 per bushel. 
 
 Peter Clark, Culross, Bruce : The farmer is still under and subject to the union man, the combination 
 man and the association man. When wdll he shake himself, Samson-hke, from all the shacktes of servility 
 under which he labours and demand his right? When? Till he does so he is the slave and dupe of. the 
 politician and the capitalist. If he is the bone and sinew of the country, will he ever show it ? 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : To sum up : the fall wheat, where the land is fairly drained, properly 
 prepared, and sowed in time, has a fine appearance. This has been one of the mildest seasons, no frosts, or 
 cold drying winds ; pasture excellent on the 10th inst. Young stock turned out in April. 
 
 Donald Blue, Huron, Bruce : The great draw back to this county is the want of draining, and in very 
 many casei the want of means to perform the same. Until such time as farmers are able to drain they need 
 not expect to raise heavy crops. 
 
 John Hiles, Kincardine, Bruce : Beautiful weather aind prospects of good hay crop. To all appearance 
 seeding will be complete in good time. Lots of potatoes for sale in this township.- 
 
 James Gaunt, Kinloss, Bruce : The weather has turned rather too wet for this season of the year, and 
 unless a change takes place it will impair the growing crops. Domestics are scarce and I would advise emi- 
 gration froiB the old countries, where there are too many that are wilhng to work. We have plenty but they 
 win not hire, and if they do, don't want to work. Wages are from $7 to $9 per month. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : There seems to be a great demand for good horses this season. AU 
 other stock is low in price ; also produce of all kinds. 
 
 James Ferguson, Culross, Bruce : This is an excellent fall wheat section of country. The soil is some- 
 what light in some parts and the limestone rock underlies the soil at no great depth in a great part of it. 
 ikarvest is earlier here by about a week or ten days than in the section 30 miles to the south. 
 
 E A. Carver, Albemarle, Bruce : Crops nearly all in ; many are putting in their potatoes. Cherry 
 trees plums and pears are in full blossom ; apples nearly so. The former promise an abundant crop. Grapes 
 killed in low places in the meadows from water lying on them and getting frozen. On high land hay 
 crop promises well. 
 
Wm. Caiilfield, Egremont, Grey : Prices are low for all kinds of farm produce, consequently farmers are 
 beginning to economize, many going into butter and cheese instead of gram. 
 
 Wm. Milne, Osprey, Grey : Trees, out the third season under the tree planting Act, are doing remark- 
 ably well, and we have quite a number of them in this township. Last fall there were enormous flocks of 
 black birds. I have seen shocks and standing ^ain injured by them. They are here again this spring in 
 great numbers, and I have seen some fields which were sown with white oats appearing as if newly sown 
 with empty hulls. Doubtless they attack other grains, but the effect is not so visible. I would like to get 
 a book on Canadian Ornithology and think the Government ought to issue one if it has not done so. I 
 never met a Canadian who could tell me anything about Canadian birds, except, perhaps, the robin. 
 
 Joseph McArdle, Proton, Grey : Our farmers are going into dairying and stock raising. It pays better 
 here as grain is only an ordinary crop. 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : This has been a remarkably fine season for the farmer. The spring opened 
 up early and the weather was everything that could be desired. Farmers took advantage of it and got their 
 seeding done early and in good order, 
 
 J. Hiclding, Artemesia, Grey : I find several of the farmers in this northern part of Ontario are like 
 myself this season— doing without any help, as we find it' does not pay to hire men. Crops of late being 
 light, prices low, and men's wages high, and some men refusing to work only ten hours, we have come to 
 the conclusion to do with as little help as possible, and not give all to hired help, and let improvements go 
 for the time. 
 
 . John Black, Bentinck, Grey : The farmers here need a new variety of spring wheat. We have two 
 kinds, goose and White Russian. The goose wheat j^ields well but makes poor flour, and the white Russian 
 is very liable to rust. I think a hard spring wheat, like the old Fyfe or Glasgow, would be a'great improve- 
 ment on our present varieties. 
 
 Nicholas Read, St. Vincent, Grey : There is one-third less spring wheat sown this spring than last, and 
 of course more pease, barley and oats. There is also a good deal of seeding down to grass being done, as the 
 -present prices do not pay to grow wheat. 
 
 A. Stephen, SuUivan, Grey : If frost, blight, insect pest, and the thousand and one unforseen enemies 
 of the farmer keep away there is the prospect of one of the best years for the farmers in North Grey that 
 bave yet come. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Simcoe i Prospects look very blue for farmers in the meantime ; produce of all 
 kinds cheap and very little demand. Horses are the only commodity a farmer can sell. 
 
 Charles Cross, Innisfil, Simcoe ; This has been the earliest season,f or growth for a great many years, but 
 a bad spring for farm work. The land is wet, not fit to work on. A great amount of the crop has been put 
 in too wet, and a lot to put in yet. It rained heavy last night and is raining now, and this will delay 
 seeding nearly a week. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : It has been a very fine early spring, with but little frost so far. The 
 Tiiaple sugar season was cut short by the early spring, consequently little sugar or syrup was made. 
 
 Charles Jas. Fox, Deleware, Middlesex : A remarkable spring for a very early growth. Garden pease in / 
 full bloom ; forest trees are now as forward as they were last year on the 1st of June. Grass for pasture 
 was good on May 1st — better than it was last year on the 15th. 
 
 William Watcher, Dorchester N., Middlesex : Fverthing looking prosperous with the exception of faU 
 •wheat, which at best will not be more than two-thirds of a crop. Never saw fruit and vegetation more 
 forward at this season of the year. But there is time enough yet to put all our fine prospects in the shade. 
 
 J. Grimason, Caradoc, Middlesex : I could fill this sheet with remarks on wheat alone. I cannot, nor 
 can many others, make out how it is that it looks so patchy this spring ; spots here and there very good and 
 \)ther places not a spear. I believe fifty per cent, of the virheat I have seen will not average more than fifteen 
 .bushels to the acre. 
 
 R. A. Brown, Nissouri W., Middlesex : Trees came through rather better than for the last two years. 
 The season being earlier than formerly gave them a better start. There is a great demand for thoroughbred 
 stock of all kinds, but poor or grade stock are a drug on the market. Times are dull, but farmers don't say 
 much ; they are getting used to it. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : Help in the house very scarce. Any Government would confer a great 
 boon on our women which would supply, by importing or otherwise, help in the house. 
 
 R. Coad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : In making remarks of a general character, I would go outside of the 
 subjects above reported. I would take the subject of " Roads " as one deserving and requiring the attention 
 of farmers at the present time, as successful agriculture can scarcely exist without good roads. We began 
 to gravel some of our leading roads, by laying out our share of the surplus, as we called it, distributed by 
 the Provincial Government. Then the Municipal Councils followed suit, and private supplement followed, 
 and soon we got proud of our roads. But we are now sorry to see all our efforts of no avail, by reason of the 
 heavy loads hauled over them in the soft state in which they were in March and April, with narrow tires, 
 which cut like knives, and tea.r the road to pieces. A law should be made to oompd the use of wider tires 
 at such time of year. And it is just as much needed on the farm as on the road, for various purposes. Space 
 too small to do justice to this subject. 
 
 W. Sutherland, Ekfrid^ Middlesex : I have for a few years kept a record of the date of the wild plum 
 showing blossom, as an indication of the earliuess of the season. It is not quite complete, but shows the 
 season to be twenty-five days earlier than that of 1873 :— 1870, May 2 ; 1871, April 27 ; 1872, May 7 : 1873, 
 May 19; 1874, MTay 13 ;i 1875, May 18; 1876, May 15; 1877 and 1878, (wanting); 1879, May 11 ; 1880, 
 May 3 ; 1881, May 9 ; 1882, May 9 ; 1883, (wanting) ; 1884, May 10 ; 1885, May 17 ; 1886, April 24. 
 
 J. Beckton, Ekfrid, Middlesex : There are two brick and drain tile works run with steam, two miles 
 from here ; all made sold, and busy making more Every farm is being drained ; I think in five years from 
 this our crops will be one-third greater. 
 
69 
 
 Adam H. Seoord, Dorchester, Middlesex : I notice that where the land is well tile-drained the fall 
 wheat looks fairly well, but even on high and rolling land, where not drained, it looks sickly. I am of opinion 
 that our only salvation f rbm failures of fall wheat is in. tile-draining. 
 
 W. Lee, W. Nissouri, Middlesex : Farmers are going more into raising stock and supporting cheese 
 factories. They think this pays better than ploughing and sowing — with low prices and uncertain returns. 
 
 Jas. A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : The season is the earliest and finest I have ever known — fully 
 two weeks earlier than the average. Business is duU, owing to past difficulties and low prices. Dairying 
 and grazing of export cattle is claiming the attention of progressive agriculturists. The freight rates on 
 rail and ocean require the attention of our law-makers. The opinions of carriers or old country legislators 
 should not be our last resource. We are surely able to suggest and perhaps compel better arrangements. 
 
 M. & W. Schell, East Oxford, Oxford : Although most farmers have not realized much of a profit for 
 the last year or two, there seems to be a feeling of safety and contentment. Good farms are held at high 
 prices, but poor ones are somewhat lower in price. 
 
 Daniel Burt, Dumfries S., Brant : By improved machinery, eBj^ecially the binder, and a better know- 
 ledge of farming, the farmer has more control over the farm operations than formerly, and can regulate to 
 some extent the demands of labour, accomplish more by th^ same labour in a shorter time and better than a. 
 few years ago. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : Farmers are beginning to realize the importance of raising pure bred^ 
 stock. Quite an improvement is noticeable among many of our best farmers, and others are fast falling into' 
 line. There is no contagious disease of any kind among any of the stock in this section, and consequently the' 
 farmer wears a pleasant smile. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantford, Brant : The prospects of farmers are not bright. Beef cattle are fully 
 one-half cent per lb. lower than last year. Fall wheat badly killed and very low in price. Spring very wet ; 
 cannot get in our crops. 
 
 Thomas Page, Wallace, Perth : The creamery (Laval Separator) is going to supplant the cheese-making 
 interest here. Farmers are giving it a hearty support. 
 
 Thomas Maguire, Wallace, Perth : The farmer that is 'willing to give for the summer months $18 per 
 month for men, and S8 for females, with board in both oases, and is satisfied 'with a square day's work, can 
 get all his wosk done in season ; while the man that wants seventeen hours' work per day for less than these 
 wages will be crying out scarcity of labourers. Hire men as cheap as possible in summer, and let them do 
 what they please in the winter, and they could not get work enough during winter to pay for their board. 
 
 John Carmichael, Hibbert, Perth : There has not been such a good appearance this number of years as 
 there is this spring for having abundance of fruit. But I notice that a number of the plum trees are covered 
 with the leaf insect, i.e., a little green insect which makes the leaves curl. Something similar was on the 
 apple. 
 
 Thomas J. Knox, Elma, Perth : This is the 10th day of May, and seeding is nothing like half through. 
 Some have not commenced at all. The land is not fit to go on. Of course, this is an exceptionally low part of 
 the country, requiring more drainage— that is large outlet drains— than what the farmers can aSEord. Taxes are 
 very high on account of bonusing railroads to such an extent. Still, we hope for better times. 
 
 Wm. Day, Downie, Perth : Grass of all kinds is very good, and at least two 'weeks further for'ward than 
 last year. Fall wheat is also very fine generally, and all crops are coming on nicely. If vegetation is not 
 checked by frost or drought, cattle will be in very fine copdition much earlier than usual. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : Where' the land is underdrained the fall wheat is good. If we don't 
 commence at once to drain, we farmers must go dosvu, as wages are so high and prices so bad for farm 
 produce, it is a hard struggle to keep up the extravagance and the diflierent institutions of this country out 
 of the farm. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Some fields in the earlier districts that were seeded very early in the 
 spring have had to be re-seeded ; failure by long wet conditions, or somewhat low-lying fields, however. 
 
 Charles Masson, Eramosa, Wellington : This has been a very wet spring, and in some places where the 
 ground is low the seeding is not yet finished. This season is remarkable for the quantity of blossom on the 
 fruit trees. There are complaints of a great many young colts dying. 
 
 Charles Nicklin, Pilkington, Wellington: The season will likely be remembered by the farmers for a 
 good while, opening as it did by the middle of April, with an immediate active vegetation and nothing in 
 the way of cold to retard its advance up to the 16th of May, and then only one frost of any account. And 
 vet, seeding ^n\\ not be entirely finished before the first of June. Cattle to pasture with plenty -of feed by 
 the 7th of May ; have not had the like since 1869 or 1870. Early fall wheat abeady (May 20th), pretty well 
 barrelled and looks as though the head ipight show in about a week. 
 
 Geo Risk Wilmot, Waterloo : The appearance of the country looks to be two weeks ahead this year ; 
 fields and trees green ; many fruit trees white with blossom, and all will be m a few days. The farmers got a 
 good start and are well up with their work, so they ought to be happy. 
 
 Samuel Brubacher, Woolwich, Waterloo : There was more rain in this part of the country than ever 
 known before in so short a time. 
 
 Thomas Mitchell, Dumfries South, Waterloo : The general complaint among farmers is that rents and 
 wages are too high for the price of farm produce. But we keep movmg along in the same old rut. What 
 we all want is better drainage work, and get more into pasturage. 
 
 Kichard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Our prospects are good for crops this season, excepting 
 wheat in low lying lands. Although farmers are a little despondent aljout the prices of gram and cattle being 
 bw vet oTontalio farmers are iS a much better position than any others on this continent, or m fact any 
 other rauntry I can learn about. We are so far free from floods, cyclones, and many other trials that our 
 friends to the south of us have had. 
 
70 
 
 James Reith, Luther East, Duflterin : The spring opened very fine about the middle of April, and a good 
 
 ■ deal of seeding was done before the lat of May. Since then we have had a great deal of rain, which has kept 
 
 work back. We have had no frost since the snow went away, and winter wheat, which looked thin, has 
 
 picked up a good deal. Grass is well forward and the prospects for hay are good. Our great want is more 
 
 demand for farm produce at paying prices. 
 
 James 001, Grimsby South, Lincoln : The feeling among the farmers in this locality is rather despondent, 
 'on account of failure of the wheat crop on the ground, the difficulty of getting the spring seeding done, 
 -and the low price of produce in general. 
 
 Frank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : The farmers here are complaining with good cause of the wet weather 
 we have had for the last three weeks, as it is quite impossible to plough the land required for oats, barley or 
 pease. The hay crop must be a heavy one ; pasture will be plentiful ; fall wheat likely to be a fair crop. 
 
 James StuU, Grantham, Lincoln : The reason of so much late seeding this spring is on account of the wet 
 weather last fall. It set in wet about the 10th of October and kept wet all fall. Those that had a tough sod 
 could jDlough, but stubble was too soft to get on. Since the big snow storm the 1st of April, we have averaged 
 about two big rains a week ; most of the laud has been worked very wet, while some have not sown a 
 handful. 
 
 Geo. Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Where there is a poor field of winter wheat here it is caused by bad farm- 
 ing, not sufficient attention being paid to rotation of crops. Winter wheat following winter wheat will not 
 do. What rye is grown here is for the straw to bind up corn stalks. Spring wheat on fall ploughing is good. 
 Spring ploughing is very backward on account of such heavy rains. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Judging by the rate at which planting has gone on the past two 
 years — and the present is even more extensive— the front of this township for three miles bacjc from the river 
 and lake, the whole length of the township, will be one vast peach orchard. A thunder storm and soaking 
 rain last night and this forenoon have sent the seeding back indefinitely again, as the land is soaked. 
 
 J. W. Van Duzer, Grimsby North, Lincoln : The heavy rains have put the farm work back, as our teams 
 are standing idle half of the time. We are hoping for better weather soon, or it will be too late for any crop 
 excepting corn and buckwheat. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Considerable underdraining will be done this spring and summer. 
 ' Not many fruit trees or plants being set out this spring. The low prices of last year somewhat discouraged 
 the growers. 
 
 Thomas Shaw, Binbrook, Wentworth : The outlook here is not very promising for a heavy return, unless 
 of grass. The unusual amount of wet has so saturated the clay ground of this township that it cannot be 
 worked even at this late date. 
 
 Daniel IloLaren, Nelson, Halton : The spring crops, owing to wet weather, were put iu in bad condition, 
 and if dry weather should set in (which now looks likely) the crop will not be a heavy one. 
 
 John Shaw, Esquesing, Halton : There will be quite a number of self-binders introduced around here again 
 this year. A great many are holding back until they are lower in price before buying. If the manufacturers 
 would.only reduce the price of binders to a reasonable amount, I have no doubt whatever that there would 
 be quite a boom on binders, as every farmer can comprehend the advantage of using them for reaping the 
 crop. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The outlook at present for the farmer is much the same as last 
 year. The prices of grain and beef keep low, but the farmers are economizing and trying hard to weather 
 the season of depression. Many farmers are buUding this year, owing to labour and material being reason- 
 able. Farmers are working their land much better than a few years ago, and the Experimental Farm being 
 near, is having a good effect, both as to cropping by a system of rotation, and in caring for and feeding cattle. 
 Many even feed steers coming two years old, it bemg more profitable than keeping until three years. We 
 learned that from Prof. Brown. 
 
 Thos. Swinarton, Albion, Peel ; We never had a spring in the memory of the oldest inhabitant here 
 with so little spring frost ; in fact we have none. Our potato planting will not commence before the 20th or 
 24th. 
 
 W. T. Pattullo, Caledon, Peel : The present outlook for farmers, so far as the crop showing, is an encour- 
 aging one ; there are so many labour saving implements and machinery in use now the cost of putting 
 crops in is lessened; and the speedy way of handling crops when matured saves them in better condition and 
 at less cost. 
 
 W. J. Dods, Oaledon, Peel : The season is the earliest we have had for some years. The trees are out 
 in leaf nearly three weeks earlier than last year, but the cold wet weather which has prevailed since the first 
 of May has kept seeding back considerably, and I think it has also damaged the fall wheat as it seems to 
 make no progress whatever. 
 
 R. M. Van Norman, North Gvvillimbury, York : The crops, with the e.\ception of fall wheat, are looking 
 well and the season is about three weeks earlier than last year. 
 
 Simpson Rennie, Markham, York : If any persons want to know what the insects-ai-e like that destroy 
 the clover they can see them by calling upon me. 
 
 Thomas Scott, North Gwillimbury, York : I think fall wheat is killed worse than I ever saw it. 
 
 J. ^Bartholomew, Whitchurch, York : Never remember of so much fall wheat being ploughed up in this 
 section. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : The feeling here is that the anti-immigration agitation is overdone. 
 There is a general complaint among farmers of the scarcity of good farm labourers, and if it continues there 
 will soon be a cry for more active immigration measures. 
 
 D. James, Markham, York : The average rate of wages is lower this year than last, yet for extra' good 
 hands just as high a rate is being paid. On account of so much fall wheat being ploughed up a very large 
 
71 
 
 area of barley is being sowed. Very little spring wheat is sown on account of the failure last year and the 
 low price of wheat. Considerable wheat will be held over unless it rises at least ten cents per bushel. Some 
 farms have not an acre of wheat upon them. Only two light frosts— the second this morning, 17th May — 
 since seeding commenced, which is something very unusual. A few farmers are borrowing trouble (as a few 
 of them usually do) by expecting a frost to kill the barley and timothy. I hope they will be dis- 
 appointed. 
 
 James McCuUough, jr., Uxbridge, Ontario : Farmers in this section seem to be hopeful that this year's 
 crop is going to do something for them. Most of them have been losing money during the l&st few years 
 and those renting have been pretty hard run, but the early spring and the fine weather we have had seems 
 to cheer them considerably. 
 
 Beuj. F. Brown, Thbrah, Ontario : Farm labour is too high for the price of grains, and binding machines 
 are held out of reach of small farmers. 
 
 Philip McRae, Mara, Ontario : The seed end of the potatoes in this section is of a reddish colour, and 
 
 has a peculiar taste as if they were sun burnt. I never saw them like that before. Can you explain the cause ? 
 
 Christian Nighswander, Pickering, Ontario : Very forward season ; prospects of a good crop in general, 
 
 except fall wheat which is nearly a total failure. Bees wintered well, flying very strong in April ; sign of 
 
 .early swanning. « 
 
 Lafayette Weller, Scott, Ontario : Appearance of fruit crop unusally good ; strawberries in blossom for 
 over a week ; currants and goosberries, fruit set. 
 
 Robert C. Brandon, Brock, Ontario : Farmers throughout this section are always anxious to see the 
 well compiled crop reports of the Bureau. 
 
 R. Osborne, Clarke, Durham : This is an early spring, fully two weeks earlier than last year. Every- 
 thing is looking well ; seed has gone in in good condition ; prospects good for another crop. 
 
 James Brock, Cavan, Durham : This has been, I think, the best year for twenty-five years. The trees 
 were out in leaf on the first of May that year, and so they were this year. It is too soon in the year to have 
 any idea what the crops will be, but the grass crops looks well. 
 
 R. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : There was little or no profit from farming opesations in this neigh- 
 bourhood last year. , 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : The crops of fall wheat during the last two years were good. The con- 
 sequence is that a large breadth of fall wheat was sown last fall, and the present outlook is very promismg. 
 Piatt Hinman, Haldimand, Northumberland : I think there is no other source that so much reliable 
 information can be obtained as through the Bureau reports— information from different localities of different 
 products. 
 
 Smith Hinman, Cramahe, Northumberiand : One farmer across the road from my place is working one 
 hundred acres of land all alone, preferring to do what he can that way rather than pay so much for labour 
 when everything is so cheap. As for female help it is almost impossible to get it at all, as the girls go across 
 to New York in preference to .staying here. 
 
 E J. Honey, Percy, Northumberland : Farmers are complaining of hard times, as all kinds of farm 
 produce have sold very low, except bright barley. We are having a beautiful spring, and the fall wheat and 
 clover are coming out so well that we are looking forward to bftter times. 
 
 A E Mallory M.D., Percy Northumberland : The spring has been a very fine one, and vegetation is 
 very forward. The oldest settlers never saw the country looking so fine and forward at this time ot the 
 year. But the ground is very wet. 
 
 W J Westinston, Hamilton, Northumberiand : Farmers begin to see that they cannot now compete 
 with other wheat |roducing countries ; there fore they have turned their attentionmore to the production ot 
 coarse grain, seeds, stock raising, dairying, etc. 
 
 J. C. Conger, HaUowell, Prince Edward : So far as we can judge, there is a splendid prospect for a good 
 crop, as the land was in good condition. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward : The ground is quite hard to work here,, on account of 
 the weXr of the last season, and not enough frost in the ground dunng the winter to loosen the soil. 
 Crops will not, in my opinion, be anythmg more than medium. 
 
 Wm P Dempsev Amehasburg, Prince Edward: The fruit trees appear to have come through the 
 winter weU,- and have'^the^ppearanf ^ now of an abundant crop. In some cases the frost was severe. All my 
 pear grafts set last year were frozen, and in some cases apple trees perished. 
 
 P W Miller Kaladar, Lennox and Addington: Every appearance of a bountiful harvest ; frost on the 
 16th inst 'pretty heavy. If it does not injure fruit, the prospects are that there will be plenty. 
 
 J B Aylesworth vicinity of Newburgh, Lennox and Addington : Labouring men, with families, m the 
 viUage frequently work for the neighbouring farmers by the day. . . ,. .• ■ , „ 
 
 wTeatVSsfromtwel^^ •.,,,• 
 
 George Lott, ^'^on^^^^^^^^^^^'l^ ^Tlfe^av? 
 
 was favourable to early seeding, ^n underdrajned lanas es^ieo^^^ ^ ^^^ ^ considerable 
 
 IZ;nri?|lou|Cg"wLCt1^^^^^^ ,^. 
 
 amount oi piougnmg steadv cold winter, but when the snow left it 
 
 Tor the Splendid wLat and clover, also tie early grass. 
 
72 
 
 M. Spoor, Wolfe Island, Frontenac : On the labour question rests the future prospects of agriculture. 
 At present the labourer may be termed the master, and while our legislatures lie dormant in the face of such 
 outrages as are perpetrated there will be no predicting what the end will be. 
 
 Thomas Andrew, Kennebec, Frontenac : I have been in Canada over twenty years, and never witnessed 
 a finer spring since I left England. I commenced sowing grain this spring on Easter Monday, 26th April, 
 and some of my neighbours a few days earlier. Last spring I sowed my first grain on the 12th May. There 
 is more grass, and the grain looks better now than at the first of June last year. If no great drought, the 
 prospects are.good. 
 
 A. Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : The land has become very solid and works hard, but can be got in 
 good condition. Prospects are— large crops and small prices. 
 
 Wilhelm 0. P. Plotz, Clarendon, Frontenac : A good deal about thistles and other weeds has been 
 written, and laws have been passed to prevent the weeds from spreading. In fact so much has been said, 
 that one would think that if a farmer is troubled with weeds he would take a bundle of these writings and 
 laws about killing weeds and read them aloud, when walking through his fields, and would thus kill every- 
 thing obnoxious to him. But if that does not kill the weeds, then let him go to work, pull, hoe and plough 
 wherever a weed makes an appearance. Keep the seed grain clean, and in a very short time you will have a. 
 clean farm. 
 
 John Fer^son, Wolford, Grenville : On the whole, the outlook for the farmer is not very promising. 
 Produce of aU kinds is at prices that will not pay for production at the present price of farm labour. 
 Dairy products have got so low that it will not pay for milking cows. 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, South Gower, Grenville : Everything is looking better and more forward than I can 
 remember for a number of years past. Should we have no late frosts we may look for a very early harvest. 
 The land generally is in good condition, and although some of the low lands are still wet, this is more owing 
 to the extreme earliness of the season than to any extra rain fall. 
 
 Thomas McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : If I mistake not the years 1879, 1880 and 1881 had dry 
 summers ; then was the time of light crops of hay, short crops of oats, and dried-up pastures. Farmers 
 sold off their cattle and went raising rye and fall wheat. Eye sold as high as 93 cents per bushel. Now 
 this has all changed. In 1882 the rye crop failed. The seasons had changed. Then people began to go back 
 to raising hay and oats, horses and cattle. Also, I notice, that less sheep are kept than in dry seasons. I 
 think an early spring and an early harvest a great good to the farming community. 
 
 VT'm. A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : We have been breeding Percheron horses here for the last three 
 years with good results, and are just now commencing to breed Clydes in addition. The great work now to 
 be encouraged by the Bureau and the Government is thorough underdraining of the land, and breeding from 
 pure bred male animals. " There's millions in it ! " 
 
 Albert Abbott, Elizabeth, Leeds : The season is very forward, and prospects are good if no frost comes* 
 Apples and strawberries are in blossom, and prospects are for a big crop. Not much of other kinds of fruit 
 grown here. Not much fall wheat, rye or clover grown. 
 
 G. D. Dixon, Matilda, Dundas : This report should not be made out until about the first of June to 
 suit this part of the Province, as the season is about two or three weeks later here than around Toronto. 
 
 A. G. Macdonell, Williamsburg, Dundas : Early part of season was favourable to spring work, and 
 taken advantage of by farmers, but latterly h^s been wet and cold for vegetation. 
 
 John McRae, Koxborough, Stormont : The oldest inhabitants say they never saw finer spring weather 
 than we have had since the middle of April. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : As I live in the rear of this township what I report is appli- 
 cable to this locality, but the front is low and wet ; not much sown yet in some parts, some on account of not 
 being properly drained and changeable weather. 
 
 Paul Labrosse, Hawkesbury E., Prescott: We remarked that the month of April has been the finest 
 and most favourable April we have ever had for many years. Everything looks weU. 
 
 Alfred Hill, Cumberland, RusseU ; There is every prospect of a fine spring, and everything is far ahead 
 of other years. 
 
 W. J. Summerby, RusseU, Russell : The finest spring on record. 
 
 J. J. Smith, Gloucester, Carleton ; The weather during the most of April was remarkably fine, and 
 vegetation was fully two weeks in advance of last year. Everything looks very promising at the present, 
 and if the weather proves favourable there will be fine crops. 
 
 John O'Callahan, -North Gower, Carleton ; It has been a fine early spring but the ground remained wet 
 a long time owing to a lack of rain to help take the frost out. It was a very good season for spring lambs. 
 
 Wm. Hawkins, jr., Stafford. Renfrew : I think this township would be much improved if we had 
 better stock and paid more attention to farming and less to lumbering ; also, less ground sown, grain better 
 put in the ground, and more draining done. 
 
 John Stewart, McNab, Renfrew : This has been the finest spring within my recollection ; early, with 
 very little cold weather since the snow went away, about the 10th or 12th of April. Everything growing 
 right along. 
 
 J. M. Kennedy, Alice, Renfrew : The lumber operations spoil the farmers here for farm hands, as they 
 can afford to pay higher wages, and young men prefer going to the woods before working on a farm. 
 
 H. A. Sohultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : Spring opened this year on the 8th of April, the weather growing 
 warm suddenly. From the 14th of AprU to the 24th inclusive it was more like June than April. The ther- 
 mometer has ranged from 60° to 90° in the shade ; the season is about three weeks ahead of any year this 
 last 18 years. The spring of 1867 was similar. 
 
 Theodore Wasmund, Raglan, Renfrew : A railroad badly needed here ; nearest station is fifty miles off. 
 
73 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : Female help is scarce and wages high. Can no means be devised 
 for bringing into this part of the country a number of immigrants ? I have often spoken of this, but. 
 nothing was done. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : Females wages, per month, from $8 to $10 with board. 
 
 Wm. McGarry, Drummond, Lanark ; The prospects are not the best for this section at the present 
 time. A very large portion of the best low meadows are completely killed by water. Seeding is not half 
 done ; . low lands are swimming vrith water, and now raining. We hope for finer weather, but in any case 
 you can put us down for late seeding in this section. 
 
 Thomas Smithsdn, Fenelon, Victoria : This spring has been the earliest and most lovely for many years. 
 All kinds of crops and fruit trees have a most promising appearance to date, 15th May. There have been 
 no severe frosts since the snow went off, not even hard enough to hurt the tenderest plant. 
 
 John Stewart, Verulam, Victoria : The weather has been highly favourable for work, but the soil was 
 slow to dry. Prospects are favourable for the crops grown in this locality. 
 
 Amos Hawkins, Eldon, Victoria : A few of our most enterprising farmers have planted out this spring 
 and last fall a fine lot of young maple trees ; not a grea^t quantity to be sure, but enough to add greatly to 
 the attractions of home, and enough to repay the planter many times its cost in beauty alone, for "a thing 
 of beauty is a joy forever," and is worth striving for, even on a farm. 
 
 Wm. Ramsey, sr., Mariposa, Victoria : I think that I never saw vegetation so far advanced at thi» 
 season of the year as at present. The woods are all green and the apple trees are coming in bloom. 
 There are a great many worms' nests in some orchards. 
 
 D. Anderson, Burleigh, Peterborough : This has been one of the earliest springs that has been known in 
 this section. The snow went off rapidly ; water was very high for a short time. But the weather came in 
 beautiful and has continued so since the 15th of April ; little or no frost and a very rapid growth. The 
 prospects are of a bountiful harvest, if no June frost sets in. 
 
 James S. Cairnduff, Harvey, Peterborough : The warm spell in April caused vegetation to start about 
 three weeks earlier than the spring of 1885. Crops of all kinds are looking v^ell ; small fruits are very promis- 
 ing, though late frosts and insect pests may yet change the prospects materially. 
 
 George Stewart, Otonabee, Peterborough : The price of almost all kinds of farm produce has been low, 
 and the yield last year was very poor ; consequently, a great many of the farmers in this section are very 
 much behind. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterborough : This spring opened about three weeks earlier than last. This is 
 the ninth favourable spring in the last twenty-one ; 1866 was about the same as this, followed by a fine 
 summer and splendid crops. In 1868 it was still earlier ; work commenced about the 1st April, followed by a 
 fine growing summer. In 1871 work commenced on the 8th April, followed by a dry summer, light meadows, 
 and good wheat. 1877 commenced on the 10th of April ; fine spring, dry summer ; fall wheat good ; meadows 
 a failure. 
 
 D. Galloway, Lutterworth, Haliburton : The spring has been very fine ; remarkable for rapid g™wth 
 and absence of heavy storms. The prospect for the agriculturist is good ; some good homes obtainable at 
 from SlOO to $400, according to improvements, on time. 
 
 John H. Delamere, Minden, Haliburton : Taking everything into consideration, the condition and pros- 
 pects of our settlers in this locality are very much improved, and the present favourable season promises t» 
 be most advantageous. I 
 
 Chas. R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : It is a beautiful season. There have been nice rains and warm 
 genial weather. The finest season I have ever seen in Canada. 
 
 D. Kavanagh, Dungannon and Faraday, Hastings : This is a lumbering county and in winter time men 
 are all employed in the shanties at good wages. No scarcity of work m summer; road making and otner 
 work keep men employed. Plenty of free grant lands to be got, and a chance to make a good home. 
 
 John WUson, Dungannon, Hastings : I have been twenty-nine springs in this district, and I have never 
 known such a genial, forward spring as this season. 
 
 Thos H Blanchard, Sidney, Hastings: The spring on the whole has been wet, and slovf progress has 
 been made in getting in crops ; teaching us by the best of teachers, experience, the necessity of drainage. 
 
 James McDonald, Stephenson, Muskoka: As a general rule, the best land in this district are the flats 
 along the creeks and riversT but they are undeveloped for lack of drainage. So that as to a gram crop, th. 
 farmer on Ught, sandy soil very often gets ahead of his neighbour on a damp clay loam. _ 
 
 W T Openshaw, Stephenson, Muskoka : I have been in Muskoka oyer five years and find this year the 
 mostforward having had a very ong spell of hot weather, with scarcely any night frosts and little rain. 
 Lake opTedabSrd April reattfe out in bush before that date; have not seen grass so forward since I 
 
 came to Canada. „ j ^. a j th. 
 
 A Wiancko Morrison, Muskoka : A good many parts of this township have suffered by floods- /"• 
 outlet of Lake CouchTching have been deepened, and since all the waters have to pass througifi her., and th. 
 outlets of Sparrow Lake not correspondingly widened, we are greatly injured. 
 
 Albert H Smith, Monck, Muskoka : When is the Government lU«ly to pay compensation to the farmer, 
 for flooding thS^an'ds? Why shoald we pay this annual tribute to saw-log men? 
 
 TTu„h Taokson Humphrey, Parry Sound : This has been the driest spring I have seen smce I have beem 
 in th^cK It haZot rafned hardly enough to lay the dust on the road since the snow went. 
 
 Owen Duress, Oliver, Algoma : This place being ouite new, farming is only makmg a start as yet, but m 
 improving fast. 
 
74 
 
 CHEMICAL COMPOSI'flON AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BARLEY. 
 
 The following article is taken' from a report recently made to the United States 
 Commissioner of Agriculture by Clifford Richardson, assistant chemist in the Chemistry 
 division of the Department of Agriculture : 
 
 Of American barley, from any point of view, but little has been knowh hitherto. Until lately, only 
 nine chemical anahrses have been made, and, as Professor Brewer remarks, these are too few in number tor 
 generalizations. Statistics show that we have not produced enough of the cereal to supply the demand, and 
 that it is always necessary to import a large amount every year. A study, therefore, of the conditions which 
 affect the production of barley in the United States, which portions produce the most valuable grain, and 
 how the composition varies in different localities as the result of climate and general environment, vnll be of 
 interest, as showing the possibilities and best localities for the extension of the growth of this cereal. 
 
 Before discussing the results of our examination of the numerous American specimens coUeoted through 
 our agents, it vrill be of interest to give abstracts of some investigations on the production of barley in certain 
 portions of Germany and this country, showing the yield, weight, physical characters and composition, and 
 the directions in which it is considered desirable that this grain should be developed. ^ 
 
 Dr. Maercker, of Halle, in a report on "Barley Experiments with Seed from Various Sources, a copy 
 of which he has been good enough to send us, says that the problem of the production of the best barley has 
 become an important one in the last few years in the provmce of the Salle, which has heretofore produced 
 the best quality, but recently has met with much ill luck. To the end of studying the conditions affecting 
 this cereal and learning the physical and chemical characteristics of the best vaneties, seed selected by a 
 mixed jury from a large exhibition of barleys were devoted to the experiment, and distributed among the 
 leading agriculturalists of the province. The varieties were grown with different supplies of nitrogenous 
 ■manures, all the seed having been judged extremely fine (hochfein), and found to possess the followmg 
 characteristics : 
 
 
 Albuminoids. 
 
 Mealy kernels. 
 
 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 7.7 
 7.7 
 7.7 
 8.1 
 
 Per cent. 
 92 
 
 Moravian . . . • 
 
 90 
 
 
 90 
 
 Saalish 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 From the experiments it was found that in the matter of yield the higher was obtained with the larger 
 supply of nitrogenous manure, bu^ that the quality was somewhat injured thereby, as the percentage of 
 albuminoids was considerably raised, as can be seen from the determinations which were made : 
 
 
 Saalish. 
 
 Danish. 
 
 Moravian. 
 
 
 
 
 
 8.10 
 8.19 
 8.48 
 
 7.70 
 9.16 
 9.56 
 
 7.70 
 9.18 
 9.78 
 
 7.70 
 
 100 kilograms Chili saltpeter, per hectare 
 
 200 kilograms Chili saltpeter, per hectare 
 
 8.92 
 9.62 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 The quality or consistency of the original seed was found in most cases to be lowered ; and although the 
 Slowakisch JDarley was superior to the rest, three samples out of seventeen being extremely fine, three fine, 
 , and eight good, it was nevertheless apparent that although the quality of the seed is an essential factor in 
 the quality of the harvest, it is not the only one, but that climate, soil, manuring, and cultivation are much 
 more important and of greater influence. One can in no way expect that the production of barley can be 
 improved by selected seed alone. Care in other directions and favourable climatic influences, over which 
 we have no control, are necessary as well. 
 
 The heavy manuring of nitrogenous material, as has been said, injured the quality, and how much so in 
 comparison with a light one can iSe seen by enumerating the number of experimental samples which were 
 found to be below the mean in quality. Of 89 mamired with 100 kUograms of Chili saltpeter per hectare, 
 only 6 were below medium ; of 78 having 200 kilograms per hectare; 16 were below medium. Nitrogenous 
 manures are not, accordingly, to be considered advisable on barley. 
 
 As to the relation of percentage of albuminoids, weight per bushel, and consistency to the quality of the 
 grain, Dr. -Maercker remarks : 
 
 " For a long time the author has busied himself with the question whether the amount of albuminoids 
 stood in any relation to the value of barley, and in many cases this question could be answered that with few 
 exceptions Sf barley rich in albuminoids is of poor quality, while a low content of albuminoids in general was 
 an expression of high quality. It is, of course, understood that exterior conditions, rain, moisture, etc., can 
 injure their value and make the barleys of low albuminoids of less worth than others richer in nitrogen. In 
 proof of this, the decisions of the judges and the testimony of the laboratory furnish all that is desired." 
 
75 
 
 The albuminoids in the crop as given in the previous table were over one per cent higher than in the 
 aeed, and the quality was adjudged correspondingly, poorer, and the specimen considered to be the worst was 
 found to have increased 2.08 per cent, over the seed. Comparing the decision of the judges with the per- 
 centages of albuminoids the following coincidence was found : 
 
 Specimens Denominated. 
 
 Mean per cent, 
 of albuminoids. 
 
 Extremely fine 
 
 8.09 
 
 mne 
 
 8.67 
 
 Good . . 
 
 8 93 
 
 Medium 
 
 9 78 
 
 Under medium 
 
 10 24 
 
 
 
 From these figures it cannot be denied "that high content of albuminoids appears to be incompatible 
 with high quality." 
 
 To the weight the judges paid little attention. The determinations showed no relation between quality 
 and weight. 
 
 Weight per hectoliter in kUograms* of the seed was as follows : 
 
 Slavonian 
 Moravian 
 Danish . . . 
 Saalish . . . 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 68.7 
 70.8 
 69.0 
 69.2 
 
 And of the crops in the mean : 
 
 
 Saalish. 
 
 Danish. 
 
 Moravian. 
 
 
 
 
 100 kilograms saltpeter 
 
 67.2 
 
 67.2 
 
 67,. 1 
 
 2.1 
 
 67.2 
 
 66.8 
 
 67.0 
 
 2.0 
 
 66.6 
 
 67.5 
 
 67.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 67.3 
 
 
 66.7 
 
 
 67.0 
 
 Less than seed 
 
 1.7 
 
 
 
 The wei_ 
 no difference 
 
 ight of the crop is on the average le^s than the seed ; but between the different varieties there is 
 ;e in the mean weight, despite the tact that there is a difference in quality. 
 
 In regard to the mealy consistency of the grain the following figures furnish an explanation : 
 
 Pbk Cent, of Mealt Kernels. 
 
 Seed 
 
 100 kilograms saltpeter 
 200 kilograms saltpeter. 
 
 Mean 
 
 Less than seed 
 
 Saalish. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 80.0 
 62.4 
 64.9 
 63.7 
 16.3 
 
 Danish. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 90.0 
 70.1 
 65.9 
 68.0 
 22.0 
 
 Moravian. Slavonian, 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 90. 
 68.7 
 66.8 
 67.8 
 22.2 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 92.0 
 77.5 
 64.7 
 71.1 
 20.9 
 
 The meaUness of the crop is much less than of the seed, which agrees again with the decision of the 
 judges, who it may be remarked placed the greatest dependence on the consistency of the kernel in forming 
 the&opkiion and in other respects with the conclusions derived from other characteristics. 
 
 ♦ Kilogram per hectoliter x .7752 = pounds per bushel. 
 
76 
 
 Among a collection of 50 barleys which were submitted with the experimental specimens already men- 
 tioned, there were found none worthy of mention except the crop of one gentleman who had used no mtrogsik 
 but heavy manuring with phosphoric acid. His barleys were fraded as follows : 
 
 
 Extra 
 fine (a). 
 
 Extra 
 fine (6). 
 
 Extra 
 fine (c). 
 
 Extra 
 fine (d). 
 
 
 
 Fine. 
 
 Albumen 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 8.8 
 70.0 
 88.0 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 7.9 
 69.1 
 88.0 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 7.7 
 68.1 
 82.0 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 8.4 
 70.3 
 86.0 
 
 Per cent. 
 8.2 
 
 Weight 
 
 67.3 
 
 Mealy 
 
 86.0 
 
 
 
 Prom the preceding experiments we learn that the characteristics of a first quality barley are its consis- 
 tency, colour, and its albuminoid percentage, the latter in fine barleys not exceeding 8.67. 
 
 Several other investigators in previous years have not found the average up to the standard which ha« 
 been set by the judges just mentioned. The results of Reischauer* show that the barleys which he had in 
 hand in were somewhat richer in nitrogen than those of Maercker. 
 
 In 100 Parts op Dbt Substance. '' 
 
 
 Nitrogen. 
 
 N X 6.25 
 Albumi- 
 noids. 
 
 Ash. 
 
 Phos- 
 phoric 
 acid. 
 
 Silica. 
 
 Iron 
 oxide. 
 
 Lime> 
 
 
 Maximum 
 
 Minimum 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 2.856 
 1.282 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 17.85 
 8.01 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 3.34 
 2.12 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 1.145 
 0.614 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 0.845 
 0.460 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 0.0694 
 0.0019 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 0.151 
 0.043 
 
 
 
 Average 
 
 1.729 
 
 10.804 
 
 2.799 
 
 0.902 
 
 0.641 
 
 0.0200 
 
 0.068 
 
 Source of barley. 
 
 Nitrogen. 
 
 N X 6.25 
 Albuminoid. 
 
 Ash. 
 
 Phosphori* 
 acid. 
 
 Austria 
 
 1.564 
 1.655 
 1.658 
 1.750 
 1.806 
 2.121 
 1.661 
 2.188 
 1.699 
 1.769 
 1.833 
 
 9.77 
 10.34 
 10.36 
 10.93 
 11.29 
 12.36 
 10.38 
 13.67 
 
 10. ee 
 
 11.05 
 11.46 
 
 2.818 
 2.848 
 2.860 
 2.923 
 2.853 
 2.515 
 2.720 
 2.753 
 2.802 
 2.936 
 2.730 
 
 0.900 
 0.944 
 
 W^urtemburg 
 
 962 
 
 Hesse 
 
 1 019 
 
 
 920 
 
 Sweden 
 
 841 
 
 Denmark 
 
 928 
 
 
 921 
 
 Alsace 
 
 880 
 
 Prance 
 
 897 
 
 
 0.781 
 
 
 * Zeitschrift fur das gesamte,Brauwesen, 353-363, Bied. Gentralblatt 11, 42-43. 
 
77 
 
 Louis Marx has also examined a large number of barleys— four hundred— from various countries 
 «tendmg over six years crops. His results have furnished the following averages for the amount of albu- 
 aunoids usually present : 
 
 First series. 
 
 Second series. 
 
 TUrd series. 
 
 Fourth Series. 
 
 1) Russia 
 
 2) Baden 
 
 3) Sweden 
 
 i) Danube Province 
 
 (5) Brunswick 
 
 rPotsdam, 12.21... 
 
 <«)N-*^^«™-yJ&tSg,''lf28 
 ISaal, 10.49 
 
 (7) Bavaria 
 
 (8) Alsace 
 
 (9) Hungary 
 
 ( Champagne, 10.90 
 
 (10) France . < Bourgoigne, 10.86 
 
 (. Auvergne, 9.90 
 
 11) Hesse 
 
 12) Wurtemberg 
 
 (13) Denmark 
 
 (14) England 
 
 (Slavonia, 9.90 
 
 (15) Austria. . < Moravia, 9.79 
 
 (.Bohemia 9.12 
 
 Per cent. 
 12.76 
 12.38 
 11.97 
 11.68 
 11.49 
 
 11.21 
 
 10.76 
 10.70 
 10.62 
 
 10.55 
 
 10.43 
 
 10.38 
 
 10.91 
 
 9.69 
 
 9.61 
 
 In Russia, as with wheat, barley was found to be rich in albuminoids, one reaching 16.00. Bohemia and 
 lEngland, both celebrated for their malt, futnished but few samples with over 10.00 per cent. -Bavaria, vrith 
 69 samples, had only 6 over 12.00 per cent. 
 
 The tMck-hulled barleys were as a whole poorer in nitrogen, the hull being, of course, poor in that 
 alement. There was found to be no relation between nitrogen and phosphoric acid. 
 
 Some analyses by Lunter of barleys of the crop of 1883, used in the experimental brewery at Munich, 
 have been published lately in Biedermann's Centralblatt fur Agrikulturchemie, without great comment. 
 
 He finds in the experimental field that continuous cultivation for years can be carried on without essen- 
 tial alteration of the quality. 
 
 
 Source of Bablbj-. 
 
 Dkt Substances. 
 
 a> 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 g 
 
 -a 
 '3 
 
 3 
 
 .a 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 s 
 
 J3 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 Erding 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 1.646 
 1.806 
 1.661 
 1.601 
 1.623 
 1.585 
 1.680 
 1.722 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 10.29 
 11.29 
 10.38 
 10.00 
 11.14 
 9.90 
 10.50 
 10.76 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 1.003 
 0.931 
 1.047 
 0.913 
 0.951 
 0.930 
 0.935 
 1:034 , 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 71.28 
 59.62 
 66.45 
 66.61 
 65.84 
 65.16 
 65.82 
 ,64.18 
 
 \ 
 
 Per ot 
 
 8.46 
 17.84 
 16.58 
 14.82 
 12.28 
 12.47 
 12.67 
 13.26 
 
 Perct. 
 30.80 
 
 <> 
 
 TTnterfranken 
 
 88.60 
 
 3 
 
 
 90.10 
 
 4 
 
 
 95.40 
 
 5 
 
 
 80.15 
 
 a 
 
 
 83.14 
 
 7 
 g 
 
 
 90.00 ' 
 
 
 89.20 
 
 
 
 
 Thase samples, in albuminoids, certainly do not attain the high standard of quality set by Maercker, 
 
78 
 
 Of American barleys, the only investigation, in addition to nine analyses collected by ProfesBor Brewer, 
 is that of eleven specimens at the Brewers Experiment Station in New York, in 1883 or 1884,* the results of 
 which are here given in one hundred parts of dry substance : 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 SODECB. 
 
 Canada .' 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Bald barley (Kansas) 
 
 Western barley 
 
 do 
 
 Scotcn barley (Waukesha. 
 
 County, Wis. ) 
 
 New York State 
 
 California 
 
 Wisconsin barley 
 
 Wisconsin barley (Farmer. 
 
 barley) 
 
 New York State 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 504 
 481 
 574 
 484 
 484 
 
 48 
 
 54 
 484 
 
 47 
 50 
 
 504 
 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 10.04 
 9.22 
 
 10.41 
 9.56 
 9.36 
 
 11.56 
 14.06 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 89.96 
 90.78 
 89.59 
 90.44 
 90.64 
 
 10.21 89.79 
 
 12.05 87.95 
 
 12.40 I 87.60 
 
 11.89 88.11 
 
 10.96 
 
 88.44 
 85.94 
 
 9.04 
 
 Dry Substance. 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 63.63 
 59.48 
 64.49 
 60.30 
 61.36 
 
 59.54 
 66.31 
 66.64 
 65.98 
 
 66.29 
 63.70 
 
 63.42 
 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 10.73 
 11.18 
 10.16 
 12.39 
 11.36 
 
 8.18 
 12.79 
 13.60 
 10.27 
 
 12.23 
 11.62 
 
 11.32 
 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 2.78 
 3.16 
 2.86 
 3.21 
 3.31 
 
 3.77 
 2.59 
 2.45 
 2.84 
 
 2.96 
 2.51 
 
 2.95 
 
 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 0.950 
 1.149 
 0.997 
 
 1.124 
 1.278 
 
 1.582 
 
 1.000 
 1.030 
 
 1.139 
 
 The investigation proves principally that the weight per bushel is hardly a safe guide as to quality, but 
 one must rather judge from the percentage of moisture and nitrogenous constituents which the grain con- 
 tains. The specimens examined were certainly not extremely starchy, nor were they very dry. Being so 
 few in number, they hardly form a basis for rational conclusion in regard to our grain and its comparison 
 with that of other countries, but they were considered by the editor of the Prag. Agricultural JoumaJ as 
 showing that American barleys were quite equal to those of the Continent. 
 
 The results which have been quoted, while showing that the standard to be reached if possible is a large 
 mealy grain with not more than 8 per cent, of albuminoids as described by Maeroker, seem to prove rather 
 conclusively that little barley of this quality is produced on the Continent or elsewhere. The best ranges in 
 the neighbourhood of 9.5 per cent, and from 10 to 11 is a fair average. 
 
 The sixty samples from all parts of the United States and twelve from Canada, collected for the present 
 investigation, will, when examined in connection with the previous results at home and abroad, give us a 
 reasonable basis for deciding as to our shortcomings and peculiarities. 
 
 Ambrican Barley. 
 
 The samples of American barley have been collected thr^igh our agents from those parts of the country 
 where it is a crop of prominence. They represent fairly well the production of the thiited States. The 
 largest number of analyses are not for the largest areas of production— New York, Wisconsin and California, 
 which raise more than half the crop— but they are scattered through all the States where any amount of 
 barley is gro^n. In considering the average features of the crop as it is found in market, regard must be had 
 especially for the figures for Canada and the three States named, although the California barley never reaches 
 our Eastern markets. 
 
 The other cereals have been analyzed free from any hulls or chaff. It would have been of interest for 
 comparison to have been able to separate the barleys in the same way. Owing to the close adherence this is 
 very difficult, but in a few cases it was attempted and the analyses of these specimens are given, together 
 with a few of the naked varieties. 
 , The sources of the barleys are described in the following tables. 
 
 Canadian Barleys. 
 
 The specimens of Canadian barleys were obtained by application to Mr. A. Blue, of the Bureau of 
 Agriculture and Arts, in Toronto. He forwarded them to the Department with the following letter : 
 
 " I was not able until yesterday to get the samples of Ontario barley, asked for by you for analysis. They 
 were sent on by express, and I trust will reach you safely. The samples have been collected from four 
 districts of the Province, and graded 1, 2, and 3 by the Government inspector here. The districts ir» 
 indicated as A, B, C, and D, and the localities are shown on the inclosed map. 
 
 ' Bied. Centbj. j. Agrikchemie 13, 491-2. 
 
79 
 
 " As a rule, our best barley is produced in the counties north of Lake Ontario, and especially in those 
 bordering on the Bay of Quinte, viz.. Prince Edward, Lennox and Addington, and Hastings; but this year 
 it was injured there by rains at the harvest season. 
 t . . " The western district is much more subject to summer rains, owing to its situation between the Great. 
 ' , Laikes, and the barley is often discoloured. 
 
 ' 1 "The brightest grain this year is found in the counties of Peel, York, Ontario, and Durham. 
 "I shall be greatly obliged if you will send me the results of your analysis." 
 
 The districts as indicated included— 
 
 A, the counties north of the central part of Lake Erie ; B, the counties north of the northwestern part 
 of Lake Ontario ; C, the counties north of the central portion of Lake Ontario ; I), the counties north of the 
 northeastern portion of Lake Ontario bordering on the Bay of Quinte. 
 
 B, C and D are therefore the best barleys, and especially D, which was, however, unfortunately injured 
 this year, and the brightest grain found in B. 
 
 How these practical opinions of quality agree with the facts learned from chemical analysis and with 
 the investigations of Maercker will appear in our discussion of the results. 
 
 Chemical and Physioal Data. 
 
 In the following tables are arranged the data which have been obtained from an examination of the. 
 specimens which have been described, together with averages for the United States and Canada, and for the. 
 various States and geographical divisions : 
 
 Canadian Baklets. 
 
 
 02 
 
 
 Composition. 
 
 Wbight. 
 
 CONSISTBNOT. 
 
 Grade. 
 
 • 
 
 S3 
 1 
 
 M 
 ^ 
 
 C 
 
 D3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 S3 
 o. ■ 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 w 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 36 
 20 
 36 
 
 29 
 
 12 
 28 
 32 
 32 
 
 1 
 
 1^ 
 
 20 
 12 
 12 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 16 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 N 
 
 6041 
 6044 
 6047 
 6050 
 
 Al 
 Bl 
 CI 
 Dl 
 
 P.O. 
 
 7.58 
 8.35 
 6.95 
 8.35 
 
 p. c. 
 
 2.98 
 2.73 
 2.68 
 2.88 
 
 P.O. 
 
 2.70 
 2.69 
 2.64 
 2.67 
 
 P.O. 
 
 73.49 
 73.23 
 74.28 
 73.13 
 
 p. c. 
 
 3.10 
 3.55 
 3.65 
 3.69 
 
 p. U. 
 
 10.15 
 9.45 
 9.80 
 9.28 
 
 p. 0. 
 
 1.62 
 1.51 
 1.57 
 1.48 
 
 grms. 
 
 2.910 
 3.069 
 
 lbs. 
 
 54.8 
 56.1 
 
 16 
 
 ■46' 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 36 
 16 
 12 
 24 
 
 32 
 
 48 
 28 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 40 
 36 
 36 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 f)o :::.::;:: 
 
 4 
 
 Do 
 
 3.206 55.9 
 
 
 Do 
 
 3.445 
 
 52.7 
 
 54.9 
 
 54.5 
 54.7 
 53.5 
 53.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 7.81 
 
 2.82 
 
 2.67 
 
 r3.53 
 
 3.50 
 
 9.67 
 
 1.54 
 
 3.158 
 
 3 
 
 
 6042 
 6045 
 6048 
 6051 
 
 A2 
 B2 
 C2 
 D2 
 
 
 
 Second quality 
 
 Do 
 
 7.85 
 
 7.03 
 
 10.08 
 
 8.43 
 
 2.95 
 2.80 
 1.62 
 3.18 
 
 2.72 
 2.80 
 2.78 
 2.63 
 
 72.76 
 73.46 
 72.58 
 72.55 
 
 3.22 
 3.76 
 3.49 
 3.41 
 
 10.50 
 
 10.15 
 
 9.45 
 
 9.80 
 
 1.68 
 1.62 
 1.51 
 1.57 
 
 2.818 
 3.056 
 2.934 
 3.257 
 
 '4 
 
 Do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 
 
 
 
 8.35 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.73 
 
 72.84 
 
 3.47 
 
 9.97 
 
 1.59 
 
 3.021 
 
 54.1 
 
 52.4 
 54.8 
 52.4 
 54.3 
 
 22 
 
 36 
 16 
 
 •20 
 
 38 
 
 28 
 44 
 40 
 32 
 
 26 
 
 24 
 32 
 44 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 ■i6' 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 
 6043 
 6046 
 6049 
 6052 
 
 A3 
 B3 
 C3 
 D3 
 
 
 
 8.78 
 6.75 
 8.13 
 7.93 
 
 2.70 
 2.83 
 3.05 
 3.18 
 
 2.69 
 2.72 
 2.67 
 2.74 
 
 72.35 
 
 73.87 
 72.82 
 73.47 
 
 3.50 
 3.68 
 3.35 
 3.35 
 
 9.98 
 
 10.15 
 
 9.98 
 
 9.33 
 
 1.60 
 1.62 
 1.60 
 1.49 
 
 3.012 
 3.094 
 2.941 
 3.226 
 
 4 
 
 Do 
 
 «. 
 
 Do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 4 
 
 Average 
 
 7.89 
 
 2.94 
 
 2.71 
 
 73.13 
 
 3.47 
 
 9.86 
 
 1.58 
 
 1.63 
 1.58 
 1.56 
 1.51 
 
 3.068 
 
 53.5 
 
 18 
 
 36 
 
 31 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 8.07 
 7.37 
 8.39 
 8.24 
 
 2.88 
 2.79 
 2.45 
 3.08 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.70 
 2.74 
 2.70 
 2.68 
 
 2.70 
 
 72.87 
 73.52 
 73.23 
 73.05 
 
 3.27 
 3.66 
 3.49 
 3.48 
 
 10.21 
 9.92 
 9.74 
 9.47 
 
 2.943|53.9 
 3.073155.2 
 
 30 
 11 
 
 33 
 43 
 35 
 36 
 
 20 
 32 
 32 
 31 
 
 29 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 
 3.027'53.9| 17 
 
 
 Average D locality. . . . 
 
 .... 
 
 
 3.309 
 
 53.5 la 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 8.02 
 
 73.17 
 
 3.48 
 
 9.83 
 
 1.57 
 
 3.088 
 
 54.1 
 
 19 1 37 
 
 2- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
80 
 
 Ateragb Physical Pbopbbties op American Baklet.* 
 
 State. 
 
 No. of 
 determi- 
 nations. 
 
 Weight 
 
 per 
 
 100 grains. 
 
 Weight 
 
 per 
 bushel. 
 
 Mealy. 
 
 Half 
 mealy. 
 
 Quarter 
 mealy. 
 
 Little 
 mealy. 
 
 Glassy. 
 
 United States 
 
 Canada 
 
 Eastern States 
 
 Western States 
 
 Northwestern States. 
 Pacific Slope 
 
 76 
 12 
 13 
 39 
 10 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 - 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 Grams. 
 
 3.482 
 3.088 
 3.016 
 3.171 
 3.680 
 4.655 
 3.193 
 3.217 
 3.230 
 3.150 
 3.330 
 2.890 
 3.320 
 3.290 
 3.030 
 3.354 
 4.220 
 4.215 
 4.800 
 4.900 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 54.0 
 54.1 
 52.6 
 52.8 
 57.2 
 56.8 
 52.0 
 53.1 
 .52.1 
 54.0 
 53.5 
 51.1 
 51.3 
 52.7 
 53.4 
 54.2 
 59.1 
 55.7 
 56.1 
 53.0 
 
 20 
 19 
 11 
 21 
 27 
 21 
 13 
 11 
 , 33 
 14 
 28 
 28 
 22 
 22 
 17 
 15 
 45 
 
 35 
 37 
 29 
 35 
 35 
 40 
 24 
 32 
 38 
 34 
 35 
 32 
 30 
 43 
 34 
 39 
 28 
 
 29 
 29 
 32 
 30 
 26 
 29 
 34 
 31 
 21 
 34 
 24 
 25 
 31 
 29 
 32 
 32 
 17 
 
 15 
 13 
 26 
 13 
 11 
 10 
 24 
 26 
 
 8 
 16 
 13 
 15 
 14 
 
 6 
 16 
 13 
 10 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Ohio 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Indiana 
 
 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 JMinnesota 
 
 
 
 Iowa ; 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 Montana 
 
 
 
 Nevada 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 26 
 
 30 
 46 
 
 40 
 23 
 
 18 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Avebage Composition of American Barleys (Unhulleu). ' 
 
 State. 
 
 United States 
 
 Atlantic Slope 
 
 Northern States .... 
 
 Western States 
 
 Northwestern States 
 
 Pacific Slope 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 New York 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Wisconsin. . . .■ 
 
 Minnesota , 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Montana 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Utah 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Washington 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Cahfomia 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Colorado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fe>. 
 
 
 
 
 ■a"^ 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 1" 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 60 
 
 6.53 
 
 2.89 
 
 2.68 
 
 10 
 
 6.64 
 
 2.51 
 
 2.59 
 
 48 
 
 6.55 
 
 2.87 
 
 2.69 
 
 30 
 
 6.66 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.73 
 
 8 
 
 6.02 
 
 2.85 
 
 2.69 
 
 10 
 
 6.47 
 
 3.05 
 
 2.65 
 
 3 
 
 6.58 
 
 2.51 
 
 2.77 
 
 1 
 
 6.50 
 
 2.99 
 
 2.33 
 
 5 
 
 6.77 
 
 2.46 
 
 2.65 
 
 1 
 
 6.27 
 
 3.05 
 
 2.06 
 
 4 
 
 6.68 
 
 3.25 
 
 2.64 
 
 5 
 
 6.27 
 
 2.79 
 
 2.72 
 
 2 
 
 5.95 
 
 3.23 
 
 3.13 
 
 4 
 
 6.37 
 
 3.08 
 
 2.67 
 
 5 
 
 7.05 
 
 2.95 
 
 2.63 
 
 5 
 
 7.29 
 
 2.63 
 
 2.81 
 
 4 
 
 6.27 
 
 3.08 
 
 2.71 
 
 1 
 
 7.58 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.70 
 
 5 
 
 5.-81 
 
 2.99 
 
 2.77 
 
 3 
 
 6.37 
 
 2.62 
 
 2.56 
 
 1 
 
 6.85 
 
 2.65 
 
 2.45 
 
 1 
 
 6.00 
 
 2.90 
 
 2.37 
 
 1 
 
 7.70 
 
 3.40 
 
 2.53 
 
 1 
 
 6.26 
 
 2.90 
 
 2.63 
 
 1 
 
 5.95 
 
 3.50 
 
 2.98 
 
 2 
 
 6.23 
 
 2.92 
 
 2.38 
 
 3 
 
 5.80 
 
 3.30 
 
 2.74 
 
 1 
 
 6.70 
 
 2.20 
 
 2.52 
 
 1 
 
 8.15 
 
 2.77 
 
 2.87 
 
 I to 
 
 O 
 
 Per ct. 
 72.77 
 73.02 
 72.55 
 72.26 
 73.03 
 72.43 
 71.41 
 75.14 
 73.59 
 72.89 
 72.95 
 72.34 
 73.28 
 71.84 
 71.87 
 72.87 
 71.37 
 71.12 
 71.75 
 75.17 
 73.62 
 76.73 
 72.99 
 74.30 
 70.97 
 74.23 
 74.86 
 74.03 
 68.99 
 
 Per ct. 
 3.80 
 3.57 
 3.76 
 3.87 
 3.59 
 3.90 
 3.84 
 2.89 
 3.50 
 3.83 
 4.19 
 3.42 
 3.99 
 3.66 
 4.05 
 4.01 
 4.01 
 3.35 
 3.66 
 3.48 
 4.10 
 4.25 
 2.88 
 4.28 
 4.35 
 3.91 
 4.25 
 3.00 
 3.92 
 
 
 Per ct. 
 11.33 
 11.59 
 11.58 
 11.52 
 11.82 
 11.50 
 12.89 
 10.15 
 11.03 
 11.90 
 10.28 
 12.46 
 10.42 
 12.38 
 11.45 
 10.39 
 12.56 
 12.25 
 13.02 
 
 9.80 
 10.33 
 
 8.75 
 10.50 
 
 9.63 
 12.25 
 10.33 
 
 9.05 
 11.55 
 13.30 
 
 Per ct. 
 1.81 
 1.85 
 1.85 
 1.84 
 
 1.69 
 2.06 
 ,1.62 
 1.76 
 1.90 
 1.64 
 1.99 
 1.67 
 1.98 
 1.83 
 1.66 
 2.01 
 1.96 
 2.08 
 1.67 
 1.65 
 1.40 
 1.68 
 1.64 
 1.96 
 1.65 
 1.45 
 1.85 
 2.13 
 
 Discussion of the Data and Averages. 
 
 As Canadian barley forms the greater portion of our supply, it will be considered first, and that of the 
 United States compared with it. , 
 
 Maercker found that the finest grain contained not more than 8 per cent, of albuminoids and consisted 
 of at least 80 per cent, of mealy kernels. These two factors, together with the brightness of the grain, he 
 considered to be the characteristics by which its quality should be judged. 
 
 * Detailed tables are omitted. 
 
81 
 
 Of the twelve typical specimens of last year's Canadian crop none were below 9 per cent, of albumi- 
 noids, the average being 9.83 and only six contained 60 per cent, of kernels which were mealy or half mealy 
 in structure. Chey cannot be said therefore to be equal to what are considered extremely fine' barley in 
 Germany They do, however, reach and in most cases exceed the average production of foreign countries, 
 and maybe considered a,s of extremely good quality for samples from actual trade lots, and better than 
 those produoea_ the world over, as may be seen by comparison with the investigations which have been 
 (juoted on previous pages. In weight per bushel they are about the same as the average of Maercker, and 
 m moisture, as with all our ^rain, much drier than the product of damper climates. 
 
 1 J- he differences m the different grades are marked almost entirely by brigtness and perfection of the 
 kernel, there being a remarkably close agreement in all other respects. This shows how important a factor 
 climate and care m harvesting and handling are in enhancing or depreciating the value of the grain. The 
 latter factor, care, is almost entirely within the control of the farmer, while varying seasons! of course, 
 influence the former. Of the different districts that north of Lake Erie produces the specimens richest in 
 nitrogen, which would therefore be graded lowest as far as this influences our judgment, thus agreeing with 
 current opinion. In mealiness these specimens are much ahead of all the others, and this ought to more 
 than balance the shghtly higher percentage of albuminoids. The summer rains, however, by colouring the 
 grain have the greatest influence m determining quality, and eventually make the barley of this district the 
 least desirable. The remaining districts, north of Lake Ontario, produce grain much alike, that from the B 
 district averaging heavier in weight per bushel, and that from T> being a little less nitrogenous. A« a 
 whole these Canadian barleys certainly form a very good standard of reference. 
 
 Bakletb of the United States. 
 
 In comparing the barleys of the United States with those of Canada, it appears at once that, as a 
 whole, the former average about as mealy in consistency as the latter. Examined by distribution geogra- 
 phically, the Eastern grain is found to be much less mealy than the Western, that of the Northwest being 
 the richest in mealy kernels. Again, however, we find that but two out of sixty-four samples contained 80 
 per cent, or over of mealy or halt-mealy kernels. In weight per bushel there is no variation from Canadian 
 and foreign grain, but in size the barleys of the United States, as a whole, are larger than those of Canada. 
 Unfortunately we have no data for those of foreign production. The Eastern grain is no larger than the 
 Canadian, and the average is increased by the large size of that from the Northwest and the Pacific Slope, 
 which at the same time has an increased weight per bushel. 
 
 In brightness, the samples from those portions of the country having a dry climate at harvest time, 
 especially the Pacific Slope and the Northwest, were far superior. This is an important feature in consid- 
 ering the best areas for the production of good malting barley ; and while California as yet furnishes almost 
 nothing for brewing purposes, it would seem to be one of our best fields. The high percentage of albumi- 
 noids stored up in the peovjliar climate of the Northwest, while an advantage in the wheat grain, would be 
 a serious objection in barley. In this respect it appears that the average amount of albuminoids in the 
 barley of the United States is greater than that of Canada, and far ahead of anything which Maercker 
 would consider desirable. California alone is 1 per cent, below the average for the rest of the country^ 
 there being less than one-half per cent, difference from 11.50 per cent, in the average for all but California,' 
 which has 10.50 per cent. This is higher than was found in the Canadian grain, so that it may safely b» 
 said that the latter is at present the belt in the market aiid superior to our own. 
 
 Among the analyses the following extremes are found : 
 
 
 
 Highest. 
 
 State. 
 
 1 
 Lowest. 
 
 State. 
 
 
 Water 
 
 Ash 
 
 Per cent. 
 9.15 
 4.43 
 3.54 
 
 76.79 
 4.65 
 
 14.88 
 
 4.900 
 60.2 
 100.00 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 California 
 
 Per cent. 
 4.53 
 1.50 
 2.06 
 68.99 
 2.64 
 8.75 
 
 2.630 
 50.4 
 16.0 
 
 California. 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Oil. 
 
 
 
 
 Colorado. 
 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 
 
 Kentucky and Oregon. 
 
 Weight of 100 grains 
 
 Weight per bushel 
 
 Per cent, of mealy and half 
 
 drams. 
 
 pouiids. 
 
 mealy kernels. 
 
 California 
 
 Utah 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 Do. 
 
 Montana 
 
 Vermont. 
 
 Dakota sustains its reputation for high nitrogen and Oregon for low, but the variations in this consti- 
 tuent are not as wide as in wheat ; barley, like rye, appearing to be less affected in this respect, although 
 Maercker's experiments show that barley responds in its percentage of albuminoids readily to nitrogenoui 
 manuring. His seed was, however, very poor in albuminoids — 7.7-8.0 per cent.— and would naturally 
 increase when the conditions were made favourable. ' 
 
 In Koenig's collection of analyses of this grain he gives as the average of 127 specimens : 
 
 Water 
 
 Ash 
 
 Oil 
 
 Carbhydrates 
 
 Crude fiber 
 
 Albuminoids 
 
 Total . . . . 
 
 6— (M. R.) 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 13.77 
 2.69 
 2.16 
 
 64.93 
 5.31 
 
 11.14 
 
 100.00 
 
82 
 
 This is but little different from the average production of the United States, and would point to the 
 fact that our country, at any rate in certain portions, produces as good malting barley as others. Canada is 
 a witness to this fact, as shown by the specimens which have been examined from there, which are well 
 above foreign averages in starchiness. Experience and care have taught the Canadians, in connection with 
 their favourable climate, the means of producing an excellent grain, superior to other parts of the country. 
 It seems quite possible for the farmers in many portions of the Tjnited States, and especially California, the 
 climatic conditions of which are such as to avoid damaging summer rains, vvith no too dry and hot a climate, 
 to increase our supply of barley of good (juality by attention to the conditions which have been mentioned, 
 and thus prevent the necessity of importing grain which should be produced at home. 
 
 There is one condition which in the case of wheat was found to be of evident effect. Although almost 
 all the specimens examined were spring-aown grain, twelve of winter barley were found to contain but 10.05 
 per cent, of albuminoid, as compared to 11.42 in the spring varieties. Whether this could be made of any 
 importance in practice cannot of course be decided except bjr the possibOities of the culture of winter barleys, 
 which as yet seem to be small. Our dry and hot climate ripening the grain before it has had time to fill 
 out the kernel with starch,|and the liability to discolouration from sumjner showers, are the two disadvantages 
 we have to contend with. 
 
 In a few samples the hull or husk was detached from the grain and the amount determined. 
 
 Barley Pekcentage of Gbain and Hulls. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Grain. . 
 
 Hull. 
 
 Number;. 
 
 Grain. 
 
 Hull. 
 
 4015 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 83.06 
 83.78 
 83.70 
 84.25 
 85.72 
 84.01 
 84.47 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 16.94 
 16.22 
 16.30 
 15.75 
 14.28 
 15.99 
 15.53 
 
 4179 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 86.28 
 84.93 
 87.45 
 84.96 
 
 Per cent. 
 13.72 
 
 4081 
 
 4202 
 
 15.07 
 
 4090 
 
 4205 
 
 12.55 
 
 4097 
 
 4220 
 
 15.04 
 
 4107 
 
 Average 
 
 
 4156 
 
 84.78 
 
 15.22 
 
 4166 
 
 
 
 
 The extreme amounts are 16.94 and 12.55 per cent. ; not nearly as large as in the case with oats. 
 
 I 
 
 Average composition oi' Ameeioan Baklets (hulled).* 
 
 State. 
 
 ■si 
 If 
 
 Water. 
 
 Ash. 
 
 OU. 
 
 Carb- 
 hydrates. 
 
 Fiber 
 
 Albumi- 
 noids. 
 
 Nitro- 
 gen. 
 
 United States 
 
 15 
 10 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 Per ot. 
 
 6.26 
 6.34 
 6.10 
 6.57 
 5.55 
 6.55 
 5.80 
 6.34 
 7.50 
 5.04 
 6.33 
 7.78 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 2.18 
 2.14 
 2.27 
 2.14 
 2.35 
 2.20 
 2.15 
 2.09 
 2.02 
 2.28 
 2.32 
 2.30 
 
 Perct. 
 
 2.66 
 2.66 
 2.66 
 2.40 
 2.84 
 2.30 
 2.66 
 2.84 
 2.81 
 2.62 
 2.61 
 2.86 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 75.53 
 75.40 
 75.78 
 75.74 
 76.14 
 73.77 
 76.63 
 75.13 
 73.95 
 78.62 
 75.26 
 71.16 
 
 Per ot. 
 
 1.60 
 1.58 
 1.64 
 1.60 
 1.44 
 1.88 
 1.30 
 1.64 
 1.47 
 1.83 
 1.32 
 1.90 
 
 Perct. 
 
 11.77 
 11.88 
 11.55 
 11.55 
 11.38 
 13.30 
 11.46 
 11.96 
 12.25 
 9.71 
 12.16 
 14.00 
 
 Perct. 
 1.88 
 
 
 1.90 
 
 W^estern States . . . 
 
 1.75 
 
 New York 
 
 1.85 
 
 
 1.82 
 
 Indiana 
 
 2.13 
 1.83 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Missouri 
 
 1.91 
 1 96 
 
 Nevada 
 
 1.55 
 
 
 1.95 
 
 
 2.24 
 
 
 
 The changes are merely such as one would expect from the removal of the fibrous hull. The percentages 
 »f albuminoids, fiber, and carbhydrates are Increased, that of ash and water diminished. The result! are 
 merely of value to serve aa a comparison of this cereal in its hull-less condition with the other cereals in a 
 similar state. 
 
 Our investigations as a whole seem to prove that, while at present Canadian barleys are superior to those 
 grown in the United States, the result is due more to a lack of understanding of the proper localities and 
 methods of cultivation than in any obstacle in the way of extending the production to an extent to do away 
 with our dependence on importation. Field experiments are now most desirable as a means of deciding upon 
 ^ the best varieties and methods as soon as a study of the climatic conditions shall enable us to select those 
 portions of the country best suited to this cereal. In time, no doubt, California, whose climate in many 
 parts is well adapted to the growth of barley for malting purposes, vrill make itself felt if, as appears 
 probable, the quality of her barleys in the market answers to the expectations raised by laboratory 
 •x amination. , •■_ 
 
 * Detailed table omitted. 
 
83 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. I.— Monthly temperature for January, February, March and April, 1886, showing the highest, 
 the lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest and the mean temperature of each month. 
 
 Month. 
 
 January . 
 
 February . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 Tempekatubb. 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly Inean. 
 
 Highst 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 O 
 
 49.0 
 -5.7 
 26.1 
 14.9 
 20.3 
 
 45.3 
 -15.7 
 26.6 
 11.8 
 19.9 
 
 56.1 
 -fi.7 
 35.1 
 22.4 
 28.9 
 
 75.3 
 16.5 
 54.6 
 37.5 
 46.3 
 
 
 50.0 
 -5.0 
 28.9 
 13.3 
 22.0 
 
 45.0 
 -17.0 
 28.1 
 11.6 
 20.6 
 
 54.0 
 -4.0 
 36.6 
 24.1 
 30.7 
 
 75.0 
 15.0 
 55.1 
 36.4 
 47.3 
 
 50.5 
 -5.1 
 28.5 
 13.3 
 21.4 
 
 55.6 
 -11.0 
 32.9 
 13.9 
 23.6 
 
 63.5 
 5.0 
 43.6 
 23.9 
 32.9 
 
 84.4 
 13.1 
 60.8 
 37.9 
 50.1 
 
 48.0 
 -13.2 
 23.9 
 
 11.8 
 17.6 
 
 42.8 
 
 -21.3 
 
 23.4 
 
 9.0 
 
 17.7 
 
 34.2 
 20.8 
 27.4 
 
 74.9 
 13.8 
 54.9 
 36.8 
 46.2 
 
 a 
 
 53.8 
 -7.5 
 29.7 
 10.9 
 21.7 
 
 48.8 
 -14.7 
 31.9 
 10.4 
 21.7 
 
 55.8 
 -4.5 
 39.1 
 21.6 
 31.9 
 
 83.3 
 
 16.8 
 55.9 
 32.8 
 45.9 
 
 47.3 
 -13.8 
 25.9 
 11.4 
 19.2 
 
 41.7 
 -22.8 
 25.9 
 10.3 
 19.0 
 
 53.9 
 -7.3 
 35.7 
 24.1 
 30.2 
 
 74.5 
 20.2 
 53.7 
 36.1 
 44.9 
 
 47.0 
 -28.0 
 22.7 
 3.2 
 14.6 
 
 44.8 
 -26.0 
 25.1 
 3.8 
 14.9 
 
 55.0 
 -15.0 
 35.9 
 18.6 
 28.0 
 
 79.7 
 16.0 
 57.5 
 35.3 
 47.3 
 
 46.1 
 -20.4 
 22.6 
 4.0 
 15.1 
 
 43.4 
 -28.9 
 23.7 
 2.8 
 14.7 
 
 47.6 
 -16.8 
 34.7 
 IS. 7 
 27.3 
 
 78.4 
 13.6 
 53.8 
 33.0 
 44.8 
 
 s 
 
 49.5 
 -23.8 
 22.2 
 6.6 
 11.8 
 
 43.9 
 -25.3 
 21.2 
 1.3 
 12.1 
 
 53.2 
 -18.2 
 31.1 
 14.7 
 23.8 
 
 78.8 
 17.0 
 55.3 
 34.7 
 45.2 
 
 I 
 
 39.6 
 
 -34.7 
 
 17.1 
 
 1.7 
 
 8.4 
 
 39.6 
 -31.7 
 19.6 
 -0.1 
 
 8.7 
 
 48.6 
 -19.8 
 33.4 
 14.4 
 23.8 
 
 80.6 
 7.8 
 58.0 
 32.1 
 42.9 
 
 TABLE No. 11.— Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during January, February, March and_ April, 
 1886, showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon each month, the hours of registered 
 y sunshine, and the totals for the four months. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Hours of 
 Sun above 
 horizon. 
 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 6 
 ■g 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 285.7 
 291.4 
 369.9 
 406.4 
 
 52.2 
 
 93.9 
 
 131.7 
 
 209.0 
 
 38.5 
 
 88.9 
 
 112.8 
 
 187.4 
 
 "6S.5 
 108.3 
 193.9 
 
 34.0 
 
 94.4 
 
 111.6 
 
 168.3 
 
 56.7 
 101.0 
 141.6 
 180.2 
 
 71,9 
 111.1 
 130.8 
 214.9 
 
 32.3 
 
 73.3 
 
 108.5 
 
 167.5 
 
 65.0 
 
 87.6 
 
 129.1 
 
 201.8 
 
 72.7 
 
 94.9 
 
 110.5 
 
 212.8 
 
 85.8 
 
 "Februarv 
 
 78. S 
 
 
 129. S 
 
 April 
 
 212.6 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1353.4 
 
 486.8 
 
 427.6 
 
 
 408.3 
 
 479.5 
 
 .528.7 
 
 381.6 
 
 483.5 
 
 490.9 
 
 506.6 
 
 TABLE No. III.- 
 
 -Monthly summary of the average fall of rain and snow, in the several districtsi of 
 Ontario, for January, February, March and April, 1886. 
 
 TVTOWTHL 
 
 W. AND S. W. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 AND N. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 E. AND N. E. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 inches. 
 
 24.1 
 
 21.1 
 
 11.6 
 
 2.4 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 inches. 
 1.99 
 1.18 
 1.97 
 2.25 
 
 inches. 
 
 22.1 
 
 15.6 
 
 6.9 
 
 11.9 
 
 inches. 
 1.43 
 0.82 
 2.14 
 1.49 
 
 incdes. 
 2.35 
 1.75 
 2.90 
 2.27 
 
 inches. 
 
 15.9 
 
 8.5 
 
 3.9 
 
 9.5 
 
 inches. 
 1.74 
 0.89 
 2.15 
 1.53 
 
 6.31 
 
 inches. 
 27.3 
 
 
 18.6 
 
 March 
 
 14.4 
 
 April 
 
 6.5 
 
 Total 
 
 7.39 
 
 56.6 
 
 5.88 
 
 59.2 
 
 9.27 
 
 37.8 
 
 66. S 
 
FARM LABOR AND WAGES. 
 
 TABLE No. IV.— Wages of Farm Laborers per month for the working season, with and without board, 
 based on the returns of 664 correspondents ; also, scarcity and suflSoiency of Laborers, based on 
 the returns of 790 correspondents. 
 
 
 Wages of Farm Labobbbs peb month. 
 
 No. or 
 
 Rbpokts ov— 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 
 With Board. 
 
 Without Board. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1886. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1886. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 i-' 
 
 Essex 
 
 $ c. 
 14 53 
 16 59 
 
 $ c. 
 15 43 
 ifi .t;s 
 
 $ c. 
 16 01 
 
 18 25 
 
 19 17 
 
 16 92 
 
 17 65 
 16 29 
 
 $ c.i $ c. 
 18 05 24 33 
 
 $ c. 
 
 23 91 
 
 24 33 
 23 10 
 22 60 
 22 75 
 
 i c. 
 25 66 
 24 57 
 24 83 
 
 23 00 
 
 24 88 
 
 $ c. 
 
 26 16 
 28 93 
 28 30 
 25 75 
 23 00 
 
 27 83 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 19 
 14 
 20 
 12 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 Kent 
 
 20 40 
 19 88 
 18 13 
 18 00 
 17 85 
 
 24 43 
 22 00 
 22 57 
 
 25 00 
 21 80 
 
 
 Elgin 
 
 16 08' 1-^ 94 
 
 2 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 15 21 
 17 00 
 15 41 
 
 15 38 
 
 15 86 
 
 16 50 
 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 
 WeUand 
 
 23 82 22 00 
 
 
 
 Gf roup 
 
 15 69 
 
 15 98 
 
 17 25 
 
 18 70 
 
 23 24 
 
 23 53' 
 
 25 05 
 
 26 66 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 
 4 
 
 Lambton 
 
 15 96 
 17 04 
 
 16 58 
 
 16 61 
 16 87 
 16 60 
 
 18 35 
 18 30 
 17 60 
 
 18 92 
 
 19 20 
 19 68 
 
 24 91 
 
 26 94 
 
 28 75 
 
 29 57 
 26 00 
 
 28 00 
 
 29 70 
 26 71 
 
 1 
 
 " "i' 
 
 31 
 30 
 33 
 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 26 14 24 8P 
 25 45 25 25 
 
 
 Group 
 
 16 53 
 
 16 70 
 
 18 06 
 
 19 25 
 
 25 41 25 82 28 18 
 
 28 24 
 
 1 2 
 
 94 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 15 50 
 
 16 68 
 
 16 29 
 16 96 
 
 18 18 
 17 90 
 
 18 86 
 18 88 
 
 23 67 26 no 25 57 
 
 23 80 
 26 66 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 41 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 Simooe 
 
 25 20 
 
 26 30 27 20 
 
 2 
 
 Group 
 
 15 93 
 
 16 64 
 
 18 07 
 
 18 87 
 
 24 47 
 
 26 21 26 53 
 
 25 34 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 15 76 
 15 92 
 
 15 62 
 17 36 
 
 16 83 
 15 82 
 
 17 18 
 
 16 27 
 
 16 00 
 
 15 00 
 
 17 93 
 
 16 71 
 
 15 75 
 
 16 60 
 
 16 90 
 
 17 61 
 15 45 
 
 18 34 
 17 82 
 
 17 13 
 
 18 79 
 
 18 43 
 
 19 17 
 
 18 58 
 
 20 81 
 
 19 35 
 
 17 68 
 
 18 39 
 
 23 08 
 
 24 33 
 
 23 67 
 
 25 50 
 
 26 00 
 26 67 
 
 24 67 
 
 24 50 23 58 
 23 00 26 70 
 
 25 00 
 
 26 00 
 23 38 
 
 25 50 
 29 00 
 
 26 08 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 ■"'3' 
 3 
 
 'i' 
 
 41 
 13 
 9 
 28 
 27 
 17 
 10 
 
 
 Oxford 
 
 2 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 21 75 
 26 38 
 26 25 
 
 22 40 
 25 00 
 
 22 50 
 
 25 33 
 
 26 50 
 25 25 
 30 00 
 
 """2 
 
 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 
 
 
 Group 
 
 16 42 
 
 16 54 
 
 17 45 
 
 18 96 
 
 24 44 
 
 24 02 
 
 24 77 
 
 25 90 
 
 10 
 
 145 
 
 4 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 16 44 
 18 00 
 18 14 
 18 20 
 
 17 39 
 
 15 79 
 
 16 40 
 15 33 
 15 42 
 
 16 06 
 
 17 45 
 
 17 92 
 
 18 67 
 17 22 
 17 03 
 15 82 
 15 50 
 17 00 
 
 17 26 
 
 18 05 
 
 19 45 
 19 45 
 18 03 
 18 04 
 
 16 50 
 
 17 10 
 
 18 20 
 
 17 14 
 
 18 87 
 20 65 
 
 19 58 
 15 59 
 19 77 
 
 18 41 
 
 19 32 
 18 07 
 
 22 80 
 25 60 
 29 50 
 25 00 
 25 10 
 22 50 
 25 33 
 21 00 
 21 00 
 
 24 38 
 24 67 
 26 67 
 29 00 
 24 50 
 
 25 13 
 25 66 
 27 58 
 30 00 
 9.e, S8 
 
 24 75 
 
 28 62 
 
 29 50 
 29 37 
 
 28 12 
 
 29 27 
 27 67 
 26 25 
 23 00 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 '■3' 
 
 17 
 11 
 7 
 14 
 17 
 21 
 16 
 18 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 H.altnn . 
 
 
 
 
 York 
 
 
 
 26 20 96 50 
 
 
 Durham 
 
 26 33 
 26 00 
 22 42 
 
 '26'66 
 26 17 
 
 
 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 
 Group 
 
 16 72 
 
 16 93 
 
 17 96 
 
 19 00 
 
 23 65 
 
 24 94 
 
 26 84 
 
 27 22 
 
 15 
 
 132 
 
 1 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 16 40 
 
 15 27 
 
 16 15 
 15 20 
 14 67 
 14 80 
 
 14 40 
 
 15 33 
 
 16 33 
 15 73 
 
 17 11 
 15 91 
 
 16 30 
 
 15 60 
 
 16 80 
 
 16 21 
 
 14 33 
 
 15 42 
 13 20 
 13 75 
 1() 57 
 
 15 16 
 
 17 14 
 
 16 00 
 
 17 39 
 17 00 
 W 19 
 17 00 
 17 10 
 
 16 83 
 15 83 
 
 17 64 
 17 64 
 
 17 42 
 
 18 15 
 
 17 73 
 
 18 50 
 
 17 45 
 
 18 96 
 
 17 62 
 
 18 25 
 18 50 
 
 18 83 
 
 19 60 
 
 20 00 
 
 21 00 
 
 22 45 
 
 19 57 
 
 23 60 
 21 83 
 
 24 00 
 
 21 67 
 
 22 00- 
 26 00 
 
 23 00 
 
 24 50 
 
 25 33 
 24 50 
 
 26 00 
 
 23 64 
 25 43 
 23 42 
 23 50 
 25 00 
 
 24 66 
 27 90 
 26 71 
 
 25 75 
 23 50 
 
 26 80 
 23 33 
 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 ...... 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 9 
 13 
 12 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 98 
 
 
 Dundas 
 
 
 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 
 26 00 
 
 ■3606 
 
 '3606 
 26 13 
 
 
 
 26 66 
 
 
 
 Russell 
 
 22 OO! -^1 ^f> 
 
 
 Carleton 
 
 
 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 25 50 
 25 60 
 
 29 66 
 29 08 
 27 43 
 
 
 Lanark 
 
 
 
 23 70 
 
 24 51 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 Victoria 
 
 15 58 
 
 16 21 
 15 00 
 15 60 
 
 16 17 
 16 73 
 16 67 
 15 67 
 
 17 35 
 1? 47 
 
 16 00 
 
 17 25 
 
 19 83 
 
 20 62 
 
 '1925 
 
 24 50 
 
 25 29 
 23 00 
 23 17 
 
 25 33 
 25 50 
 •22 00 
 25 00 
 
 26 33 
 
 27 13 
 
 28 75 
 28 62 
 
 " "i 
 
 '"'3' 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 
 Hastings 
 
 25 33 
 
 9M fiO 
 
 
 
 
 
 Group 
 
 15 78 
 
 16 24 
 
 17 35 
 
 16 65 
 
 18 00 
 
 17 50 
 17 2b 
 
 19 77 
 
 24 18 
 
 25 10 
 
 26 36 28 62 
 
 4 
 
 53 
 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 17 20 
 
 17 00 
 
 18 00 
 
 17 36 
 17 67 
 16 25 
 
 20 25 
 20 25 
 
 24 25 
 26 00 
 
 26 70 
 
 26 60 31 33 
 
 ...... 
 
 14 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 Parry Sound . 
 
 9.9 no 
 
 
 
 Algoma 
 
 25 00 26 nn 
 
 ... . 
 26 67: 
 
 
 
 24 67 
 
 
 
 
 17 32 
 
 17 27 
 
 27 00 
 
 26 62, 31 33 
 
 1 
 
 27 
 
 
 The Pkovikok 
 
 16 25 
 
 16 45 
 
 17 70 
 
 19 28 
 
 24 02 
 
 24 75 
 
 26 78 
 
 27 05 
 
 67 
 
 709 
 
 1 14 
 
 
 1 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS 
 
 -A-TTG-TTSO? 2, 1886. 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LIVE STOOK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The account of the season's crops presented in this report, together with the progress 
 
 o£ harvest operations, the condition of live stock, etc., is compiled from information 
 
 furnished by the correspondents of the Bureau under date of the 2nd inst. The average 
 
 of crops, the number of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs and poultry, the wool clip and the 
 
 wages of farm and domestic servants are tabulated from schedules filled up by the 
 
 farmers of the Province and returned on the 25th of June. The produce of crops is 
 
 computed from estimates made by 578 correspondents on the 2nd August. The weather 
 
 tables, as usual, have been compiled at the Meteorological Office. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau of Industries, 
 
 Toronto, August 13, 1886. 
 
 FALL WHEAT. 
 
 The breadth of wheatland sown last fall according to assessors' statistics was 
 962,573 acres, but in consequence of injury by winter exposure 76,171 acres were ploughed 
 up or put under spring crops. The area harvested, therefore, was 886,402 acres, or 11,266 
 acres more than the crop of last year. The estimated product is 18,057,794 bushels, while 
 for last year the product as computed from final returns was 21,478,281 bushels. The 
 following table gives the statistics of area and produce for both years, by county groups . 
 
 County Groups. 
 
 Area and yield, 1886. 
 
 Acres sown. 
 
 Acres 
 reaped. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Area and yield, 1885. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Lake Erie 
 
 Lake Huron 
 
 Georgian Bay 
 
 West Midland 
 
 Lake Ontario 
 
 St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
 
 East Midland 
 
 Northern Districts 
 
 Totals 
 
 237,054 
 
 153,015 
 
 86,747 
 
 263,812 
 
 184,461 
 
 10,265 
 
 27,090 
 
 129 
 
 962,573 
 
 230,280 
 
 148,405 
 
 66,244 
 
 253,484 
 
 152,819 
 
 9,245 
 
 25,830 
 
 95 
 
 4,402,315 
 
 3,527,107 
 
 1,122,135 
 
 5,240,039 
 
 2,913,106 
 
 182,221 
 
 669,141 
 
 1,730 
 
 213,014 
 
 133,205 
 
 77,385 
 
 242,963 
 
 168,784 
 
 15,364 
 
 24,097 
 
 324 
 
 886,402 
 
 18,057,794 
 
 875,136 
 
 5,119,801 
 
 3,351,758 
 
 1,824,335 
 
 5,878,938 
 
 4,505,462 
 
 294,721 
 
 496,628 
 
 6',638 
 
 21,478,281 
 
The August estimate of yield last year was 20,374,729 bushels, which was increased 
 to 21,478,281 bushels by the computation from results after threshing. Last year's 
 average per acre for the whole Province was 24.5 bushels, and the estimate for this year 
 is 20.4 bushels. 
 
 In the counties bordering on Lake Erie the outlook for fall whealt in the spring was 
 anything but encouragiag. Except in Welland, little if any more than half an average 
 crop was expected. The mild weather in December was the cause of no little winter- 
 killing, and severe, unseasonable weather in April had the effect of almost destroying the 
 plants on sandy soils. Upon the advent of warmer weather, however, the prospects 
 began to improve perceptibly, and the reports from correspondents now are much 
 more assuring. It is not to be expected that after having a considerable proportion of 
 the plants killed by successive thaws and heavy frosts in winter that such a yield as that 
 of 1885 could be harvested, but at the same time the crop has proved a much better 
 one than the May reports promised. The straw is for the most part neither very long 
 nor very heavy, and generally the crop stood rather thinly upon the ground ; but, on the 
 other hand, the ears were .for the most part large and well filled with an exceptionally 
 plump and thoroughly perfected berry. Indeed it would seem that even where the crop 
 is poorest in point of quantity the sample is first-class in every respect. Thus it will be 
 seen that a favorable summer and harvest have done much to atone for a very unpromising 
 winter and early spring. In the county of Essex much of the grain was winter-killed, 
 especially on low-lying, undrained lands, but those plants which were left to survive the 
 misfortunes of the winter developed wonderfully well, and the product was harvested in 
 first-class condition. Of thirteen reports from this county six may be classed as 
 favorable, three as medium and four as unfavorable. Insect pests are only mentioned in 
 three reports as having done any harm, and in those cases the damage was comparatively 
 slight. Late spring frosts were'also somewhat destructive in some portions of Essex. In 
 Kent the crop was also very much better than the spring indications promised. Out of 
 twenty correspondents nine report very favorably, eight reports may be classed as 
 medium or fairly satisfactory, and only three as positively unfavorable. While fourteen 
 refer to the sample as excellent, only one reports an inferior quality of grain. Spring 
 frosts and drouth have constituted the most serious drawbacks to the success of fall 
 wheat growing in Kent during the season that is just closing, while only one corres- 
 pondent reports anything serious in the way of winter-killing. Rust is mentioned in 
 only two reports, and insect pests in three, but in these cases the damage done was not 
 regarded as very serious. In Elgin the reports are also very encouraging as compared 
 with the spring condition. Nine correspondents report very favorably, while the 
 remaining six report a fair average. The damage done by winter-killing was not so 
 serious as first anticipated, and a remarkably plump good sample appears to have more 
 than made up for the thinness of plants on the ground. Four correspondents report 
 winter-killing, and only one alludes to rust as having done any serious damage. The 
 unprofitable practice (too common in Canada) of cutting grain before it is quite ripe is 
 alluded to by somfe few correspondents in this county. In Norfolk the reports do not 
 average quite so well. While the sample is good, the crop is for the most part rather 
 light. Winter-killing, late frosts and wet weather were the destructive agents, and the 
 eleven reports furnished from that county would indicate that in point of quantity the 
 fall wheat product will drop considerably below the average. Seven reports may be 
 classed as medium, three as very unfavorable, and only one encouraging. Twenty-two 
 reports from Haldimand show an average that is far from promising. Pour are favorable, 
 nine may be classed as medium, and nine as essentially discouraging. Thirteen corres- 
 pondents report a good sample, and five report a shrunken and discolored berry that is 
 nothing like first-class. In eleven reports winter-killing is mentioned, and in the reports 
 from five localities late frosts and rusts are mentioned as destructive agents. In pleasing 
 contrast to all this come the reports from Welland, which are with two exceptions of the 
 most encouraging character, and even these two may fairly be classed as medium. One 
 report mentions insect pests, one late frost, two rust and two wet weather as destructive 
 agents ; but in these cases the damage seems to have been very trifling. Altogether, it 
 may be said that in Welland a fairly heavy crop of well matured wheat has been 
 
harvested in prime condition. In Kent, Essex and Elgin the fall wheat harvest was 
 begun at dates ranging from the 6th to the 20th of July, while in Norfolk, Haldimand 
 and Welland it appears to have averaged three or four days later. 
 
 The reports from the Lake Huron counties would seem to indicate that in a good 
 many localities winter-killing, or, more strictly speaking, injury by frosts in spring, 
 prevailed to a larger extent than was apparent when the returns were, made up on which 
 the May report of the Bureau was based. At the same time, as not infrequently hap- 
 pens, an unusually favorable growing season succeeded the trying weather of early spring, 
 and the recovery from these injuries was much better than was expected. The fall 
 wheat "picked up wonderfully, " as several correspondents express it, and taking these 
 counties as a whole the tenor of the great bulk of the reports would justify the expecta- 
 tion of nearly if not quite a full average crop. The sample is almost invariably spoken 
 of as exceptionally fine, the berry being large, plump and well colored, the heads well 
 filled, while the straw — with the exceptions hereafter to be noticed — is iDright, clean, and 
 as several correpsondents describe it, " stands up well. " This is the sum and substance 
 of the majority of the reports. The fall wheat in Lambton has suffered only in isolated 
 localities from either insect pests or unfavorable atmospheric conditions. Occasionally 
 low lying or late sown fields are reported as injured by rust in patches, and one corres- 
 pondent in Brooke says that " one kind called the Sifton seems to be blighted, supposed 
 to be caused by too much dry hot weather." Another, writing from Warwick, says " the 
 Egyptian variety has suffered considerably from weevil." A correspondent in Brooke 
 reports the presence of the midge, but says it has done no very serious injury, and 
 another in Dawn mentions that the weevil appeared in some varieties. In Huron county 
 though a good deal of damage was reported from winter-killing, as well as from frost and 
 cold rains in spring, especially in the more northerly townships, the percentage ploughed 
 up was small, and in most cases the crop made an unexpectedly good recovery. The 
 Hessian fly is mentioned by many correspondents, especially in the northern part of 
 the county, but the area over which its ravages were such as materially to decrease, 
 the yield appears after all to be inconsiderable. Several correspondents mention without 
 naming " an insect that works at the first joint of the stalk," and in a few localities its 
 operations were extensive enough to seriously impair the yield. Owing to moist weather 
 in the ripening season rust made its appearance in some cases, but to a veigr limited 
 extent, and there was no general injury to sample or yield from this cause. In Bruce fall 
 wheat appears to have experienced an unusual degree of immunity from insect pests, the 
 only exceptions being an occasional field attacked by the Hessian fly, or " an insect that 
 works at the lower joint." The atmospheric conditions throughout the summer were 
 also so exceptionally favorable that to a very large extent they overcame the effects of the 
 adverse weather of winter and early spring. In all the Lake Huron counties harvesting 
 began early and progressed rapidly. The weather was generally of the best all the labor 
 supply abundant; and the crop was housed in splendid condition. A rapidly increasing 
 number of self-binders is reported in all three counties, and their economic value on the 
 farm is invariably spoken of in the highest terms 
 
 The reports from the Georgian Bay counties indicate a very small y eld of fall 
 wheat of good quality. Wherever the grain survived the frost and ram of last winter 
 rprospefed during the summer, the season being reported as "iiusually favorable. 
 With few exceptions the correspondents state that the wteat ripened weU showing fine 
 full head^ and L excellent sample. A small amount of damage was caused in some locali- 
 tls by rust and rain, and in others by the weevil and Hessian fly; but the ravages of 
 these enemieT were Scarcely worth noticing in presence of the disastrous effects of the 
 adverse wTnter weather. In Simcoe county the damage by winter-killing was very large^ 
 OnToorrZondent estimates that in his district nearly half of the wheat was ploughed 
 Une oorresponaeni, e»o • i^ „ield about half a crop, and that this esti- 
 
 «p, that what wasfllowed *° f J^^\'l J"'"' ^ ^'^^^ of the county. The statistics show, 
 mate -uld probab^^^^^^^^^ partof ^^^ ^^ y^^ ^^^^^^ ^ 
 
 tt=t"l\r^^^^^^^ 
 
 l7S'£:T^'^i'^^^^^^^ ■ An Oro correspondent estimates the yield 
 
•at twenty per cent of last year's, and one in Tecumseth places the average in his township 
 at ten bushels per acre. The reports from Grey are not quite so unfavorable as those 
 from Simcoe. Much less of the wheat was ploughed up in spring, and with few excep- 
 tions the yield of the surviving fields are spoken of as fair and the sample very good. The 
 ravages of the joint-worm are complained of in a few instances, most frequently from the 
 township of Normanby. A Sarawak correspondent says : " Fall wheat is half to two- 
 thirds winter-killed, but what is left is first class sample." Prom this the estimates vary 
 up to that of a Sullivan farmer who says: " With the exception of a few fields partly 
 winter-killed the fall wheat is a full crop, better than for several years past." In both 
 counties cutting was well over by the end of July, having been generally commenced 
 between the 25th and 28th. The crop was likely to be saved in good condition. 
 
 As compared with the May reports the condition of wheat in the West Midland counties 
 can hardly be regarded as otherwise than very satisfactory. In more respects than in that 
 of general results the promise of the May condition has been found at fault. At that time 
 the reports from Brant, Middlesex and Oxford were particularly unfavorable, while the 
 prospects in Perth appeared to be exceptionally good. It now appears, however, that the 
 promises of the Perth reports have proved somewhat delusive, while decidedly favorable 
 accounts come from other districts, and especially from Oxford. Altogether the crops have 
 turned out more satisfactorily in this group of counties than was expected. As in some 
 other portions of Ontario, the straw is short and light, but the complete maturity of the ears 
 and of the berry itself seems to have in a great measure made up for the lack of luxuriance 
 which characterized the plants during the earlier stages of their growth. As every 
 experienced wheat grower knows, it is not always the crop that has the rankest growth 
 of straw that gives the best returns when threshed. Standing somewhat thinly upon 
 the ground, the wheat crop of this year has had the ripening influences of the summer 
 sunshine in every ear, and the consequence is that nearly every plant left alive after a 
 very unfavorable winter and early spring has reached full fruition. The reports from 
 Brant are few and meagre, but as far as they go they do not indicate the harvesting of a 
 crop any lighter than might have been anticipated from the May reports. Winter-killing, 
 wet weather, late frosts, rust and insect pests are all mentioned, but except in the cases 
 of the two first mentioned agencies it would seem that the damage has been neither intense 
 nor wide-spread. In Oxford, out of eleven reports seven may be ranked as essentially 
 favorable, three medium and but one one distinctly unfavorable. Except in one case the 
 reports characterize the sample as extremely good. One correspondent makes mention 
 of insect pests, but is of opinion that the damage done was trifling. Late frosts and 
 and rusts are mentioned twice, and damage through wet weather in three reports. The 
 winter killing in this county has evidently not been so serious nor so general as at first 
 supposed. A destructive hail storm is referred to in one report. From Perth the reports 
 are singularly varied, and it is rather difficult to reach any conclusion from them that will 
 fairly represent the average condition of the crop throughout the county. Out of seven- 
 teen reports eight are very favorable, seven are medium (or perhaps a little below) and 
 two are pronouncedly discouraging. A dozen correspondents make especial mention of 
 the excellence of the sample, while but one reports any inferiority in this respect. One 
 report mentions the ravages of insects on a small scale, one refers to late frosts, two to 
 rust, four to winter-killing (which has evidently been very serious,) and two to damage 
 done by cold and wet weather. The reports from Dufferin are few and unsatisfactory ; 
 they indicate, however, that the crop is light and the sample good. 'Late frost, winter- 
 killing and wet weather are all referred to as having come in the way of the wheat 
 growers of that county. Fourteen reports from Waterloo indicate an extremely good 
 average there. Five of these reports are thoroughly favorable, three medium and 
 but two positively unfavorable. Thirteen reports speak in the highest terms of the 
 sample, the berry being large, plump and fully matured. Six reports refer to fields that 
 have suffered from winter-killing. One correspondent mentions weevil and another 
 midge, two speak of rust, one of wet weather and one of drouth. In the county of 
 Wellington the reports indicate a condition varied according to locality, and these varia- 
 tions are in some instances extremely wide. Of nineteen reports nine are favorable five 
 medium or non-committal and five are anything but assuring. Twelve correspondents. 
 
agree in reporting an excellent sample, while one pronounces the crop in his locality some- 
 what uneven in this respect. In one report the weevil is mentioned., and in two late 
 frosts are charged with having damaged crop. Rust, wet weather and winter-killing are 
 referred to, but not generally. The reports from Middlesex are thirty-one in number, 
 and as in some of the other counties in this group they indicate wide differences in the 
 condition of the crop. Sixteen correspondents report a good crop, nine indicate a medium 
 one and four a yield that falls very much below the average. Nearly all refer to the 
 sample as good ; one mention only is made of insects, three of late frosts, seven of rust, 
 five of drouth, four of winter-killing and two of the unfavorable influence of unseasonably 
 cold weather. Altogether the harvest has realized much better than was hoped for three 
 months ago, both in product and in quality. The period of commencing wheat cutting in 
 this group of counties ranged all the way from July 10th to the 30th, the crop, in 
 Dufferin appearing to be particularly backward in this respect. In Middlesex, Waterloo, 
 Oxford and Perth the average would proably fall on the 19th or 20th of July. 
 
 The crop in the Lake Ontario counties is much below an average, owing almost 
 entirely to the bad winter. The reports are nearly unanimous in describing the sample 
 as unusually good and the fields free from both rust and insect pests ; but over the whole 
 group the average yield will be very small. Only in the three eastern counties. Prince 
 Edward, Northumberland and Durham, was the wheat anything like a success, and the 
 reports from those counties are very favorable. In Prince Edward and Northumberland 
 there appears to have been none of the wheat winter-killed, and only two correspondents 
 mention damage by rust. In Durham the winter weather was a little more destructive. 
 The correspondents in all three counties speak in highest terms of the condition of the 
 crop when harvested. In one or two townships July rain storms lodged the wheat, but 
 did not cause much damage. " The best crop for years," "exceptionally good in yield 
 and quality "^such are the reports from portions of Northumberland. Unfortunately 
 for the farmers in those counties, however, they are wont to place little dependence on 
 fall wheat, and their acreage is therefore small compared with that of the more westerly 
 counties, where the crop was a bad failure. York and Ontario were the worst sufferers 
 in this group, and along with Simcoe the worst in the Province. In York, out of a total 
 of 52,575 acres sown, 15,847 acres were ploughed up in spring, or nearly one-third of the 
 whole area. In Ontario 5,680 acres were ploughed up out of a total of 13,805, or over 
 one-half. . In the townships of Pickering, Scarborough and Uxbridge about seventy-five 
 per cent, was ploughed up or re-sown with spring crops, and the surviving fields were 
 estimated by . some of the correspondents to yield only half an average crop. Slight 
 damage to late grain by rust is reported from portions of Georgina, Etbbicoke, King and 
 Scarborough, in York ; but apart from these there seems to have been a total absence of 
 blight and pest, and the sample is generally very good. The remaining counties, from 
 Peel to Lincoln, suffered less severely, but still the damage was great. All report a 
 heavy percentage killed by the winter frosts or the spring rains. The latter caused most 
 of the destruction in Lincoln. In Peel about one-tenth and in Halton nearly one-eighth 
 of the wheat was ploughed up ; in the other two counties the percentage was very niuch 
 smaller. Peel townships report from one-third to three-fourths of an average crop, and 
 Halton from one-third to one-half on the surviving fields. Three townships in Went- 
 worth report two-thiids of an average and two report one-half. Lincoln wiU apparently 
 give about the same return as Wentworth. Not more than six correspondents m all 
 four counties mention rust or insects, and in each instance the damage was scarcely 
 noticeable. The sample was almost invariably good. 
 
 The area of land sown in fall wheat in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties is 
 generally very small, and the acreage sown last fall was less than usual, owing apparently 
 to unfavorable weather at seeding time. Winter-killing or injury by severe frosts m 
 spring is very generally complained of, especially in the more easterly counties, but where 
 the crop escaped injury from these causes it promises a good yield. The growing season 
 was favorable to its development, and little or no injury was done by insects, rust or 
 other causes. Rainy weather was beginning to prevail in some localities when the 
 returns were made, and as the fall wheat harvest was at its height fears were expressed 
 that unless a change took place the sample would be impaired. One correspondent. 
 
writing from Cornwall township, Stormont, says : " On the 29th of July a hail storm 
 passed through the township from north-west to south-east, about three-quarters of a 
 mile in width, and nearly destroyed all the grain and vegetable crops in its course." The 
 labor supply is reported to be sufficient. 
 
 In the East Midland counties the fall wheat crop is much the best in yield and 
 quality that has been reaped for several years. The returns from Hastings, Victoria and 
 Peterboro' are practically unanimous as to the healthy development of the grain, its 
 freedom from insect enemies and rust, the excellence of the sample, and the fine condition 
 in which most of it was housed. In Haliburton the reports are scarcely less favorable, 
 though, of course, the acreage sown is not very large and reaping was not so far 
 advanced that the quality of the grain could be spoken of with certainty. Regret is 
 frequently expressed by correspondents that a larger area was not sown in fall wheat. 
 An occasional report mentions that the crop was slightly winter-killed, but the effects 
 were only visible in shortened straw, or thinness in patches, and they were more than 
 balanced by the heads being unusually large and well filled, and the grain plump and 
 bright. On some exposed patches from which the snow was blown during the winter 
 the crop was not up to the general high average, but like the other adverse influences in 
 the East Midland counties these cases were few and far between. As for rust or insects, 
 there is absolutely no mention of them in the reports. Harvest began early, and as the 
 weather was favorable the great bulk of the crop was safely housed when the reports of 
 correspondents were made. Labor was abundant and cheap, and the services of the self- 
 binder were availed of more largely than in any previous year. 
 
 The quantity of fall wheat sown in the northern districts is very small, and the 
 few reports which mention it at all are rather contradictory. Winter-killing is mentioned 
 by one correspondent in Algoma, but, taking the district as a whole, the indications are 
 that an average crop will be harvested. 
 
 P. J. Freeman, Rochester, Essex : A good deal was winter-killed, but that which escaped has done 
 well, and although in some places thin on the ground has ripened well, and will turn out well when 
 threshed. 
 
 Dan. Stuart, Tilbury W., Kssex: The l^ichigan Amber was injured by the midge in this locality ; other 
 late sown wheat rather thin on the ground, but ^ain of good equality. All got into stack and barn in good 
 condition, and a number have threshed. Self-binders are getting more common ; labor supply good. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Mostly all hurt with midge or weevil, especially Egyptian and such 
 varieties, but Scott and Seneca were not injured. Excellent weather and condition good. Plenty of 
 laborers ; not many self-binders in use. 
 
 E. B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : In low places wheat much injured and worthless on account of cold 
 winds and freezing. Only slightly injured by rust. The condition at harvesting was good, but the wheat 
 ripened very unevenly ; quality good. Sufficient labor and to spare. Self-binders were used almost to the 
 exclusion of all other labor. Wages about $1 per diem. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : The wheat crop is rather light in straw : it was injured by winter frosts 
 and summer drought, but the head is well filled and the berry good. The crop was out a little green, but 
 has been secured in good condition. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent : Wheat was got in in good condition. The weather was cool and the grain 
 ripened slowly, and is good and plump. It will turn out well for the straw. 
 
 E. B. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : Good average, and excellent quality ; plump and no appearance of 
 rust. Laborers plentiful at 81-25 per day, with dinner. Self-binders quite common. 
 
 D. Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : I do not think it was injured any since last April, but on the contrary 
 the weather was very favorable. What, in my opinion, hurt the crop was want of snow and very frosty 
 weather followed by a thaw, coating the fields with ice. In spring we had cold rains frequently accom- 
 panied by a great deal of cold, bleak east wind. This prevented the soU from getting warm and dry when 
 it should. No perceptible injury by insects or rust. Fall wheat secured all right ; grain good and plump. 
 Labor supply ample ; self-binders numerous ; harvest wages $1.25 to $1.50 a day and board, and about 
 $23 a montn with board and lodging. 
 
 Wm. Clark, Aldboro', Elgin : Fall wheat on poor soil badly winter-kiUed ; on good soil an extra heavy 
 crop ; straw bright, grain plump and good. 
 
 J. Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : The Democrat wheat, the principal kind sown around here, is plump 
 and good. It received little or no injury since the winter. The Martin Amber is late in ripening, and was 
 struck with rust ; the top of the heads did not fill. The bulk of the wheat crop is in the bam ; the quality 
 of the grain is excellent. Self-binders are coming into general use and are working pretty well. 
 
W. W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Fall wheat was completely waterlogged in April, and only well 
 drained or, high and rolling lands have good crops. All low lying fields are very poor. No insects, rust or 
 other blight affected the crop. The quality will be number one. Labor supply plentiful, and self-binders 
 thicker than grasshoppers. Wages about |1,50 per day, and about $18 for six or eight months. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Wheat was badly winter-killed, but the favorable weather 
 helped it to recover a good deal. There will be an average of about fifteen bushels per acre. Wheat will be a 
 
 food sample. Kain has retarded hauling in, but I think has done no injury. Plenty of labor ; wages about 
 1.25 per day ; very few binders used. 
 
 Joseph Martiudale, Oneida, Haldimand : Commenced to cut fall wheat on the 19th July ; it will only 
 bo half a crop — say twelve bushels per acre ; cause, winter-killing. The sample is good. Some is in the 
 barn, but the most of it still in the shock. There is so much grass in it that it takes quite a while to dry 
 out. When wheat is winter-killed grass and rubbish will grow. 
 
 John Bradford, Dunn, Haldimand : Fall wheat is a very good berry, but is badly winter-killed. Any 
 fields that were sheltered, by bush are a good average crop. Began cuttmg July 16th. 
 
 Andrew TurnbuU, Seneca, Haldimand : This crop harvested in good condition ; quality good ; crop 
 light on account of winter-killing ; will not yield more than 12 bushels per acre.' 
 
 F. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Somewhat injured by spring frost and rain on low land, but a good, 
 plump berry, and where plentifully manured and early sown on well drained soil a most abundant yield. 
 No injury by the weather, rust, insects or other causes. Self-binders used everywhere with the greatest 
 satisfaction, making the labor supply more easy. Wages one dollar with board. 
 
 John McFarlane, Sarnia, Lambton : Fall wheat looked poor early in the summer, but picked up 
 wonderfully and on the whole has been a fair crop, with some excellent fields. The grain is a fine sample. 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : Weather favorable for the proper development of the crop, and the 
 sample is excellent. 
 
 E. Bowlby, Brooke, Lambton : No harm to the crop during the summer except that one kind called 
 the Sif ton seemed to be blighted ; supposed to be caused by too much dry, hot weather. 
 
 A. A. Meyers, Sombra, Lambton : Fall wheat is of the very finest quality — plump and large— and 
 will yield as much per acre as in any former year ; possibly in many cases as much as 40 bushels per acre. 
 
 Andrew Childs, Dawn, Lambton : The wheat crop in this neighborhood is generally good in quality, 
 but as much was destroyed diiring winter and early spring the average yield will be rather low. All is 
 now secured. 
 
 Alfred Carr, East Wawanosh, Huron : Fall wheat is a very uneven crop this year ; some extra heavy 
 and some very poor. A good deal was badly winter-killed and quite a percentage was badly eaten by 
 Hessian fly, which was prevalent in the fall. I have seen some crops completely broken down at the first 
 and second joint when headed out. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howick, Huron : Fall wheat thin on the ground, but well filled. It received no injury 
 from any source except an insect that worked at the joint, but did not injure it to any extent. 
 
 D. S. Faust, Hay, Huron : Fall wheat above average and sample good ; no injury. Quite a number 
 of self-binders. 
 
 T. M. Kay, Usbome, Huron : The labor supply is amply sufficient. If there were more laborers in 
 harvest time there would be nothing for them to do since self-binders are getting plentiful. 
 
 John Varcoe, Colbome, Huron : Fall wheat this year wiU be a good crop in almost every case where 
 it has had any chance in soil and cultivation. Some late fields will be affected a little by rust and a few 
 are injured by the joint worm. A large part of the crop is saved in good condition. 
 
 Thos. Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Fall wheat generally a fine crop, well filled ; rusted where winter-killed, 
 but not to the same extent as some years. 
 
 Peter Reid, Kinloss, Bruce : Injured by weevil or grub eating at the lower joint, causing the stalk to 
 fall. A good deal of rust has appeared. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Crop excellent ; the best we have had for three years ; will average 30 
 tushels ; not injured by rust or other causes. 
 
 Jas. Johnston, Carrick, Bruce : The fall wheat has not suffered from the weather. The Clawson 
 wheat is badly broken down by a worm about the lowest joint of the straw. 
 
 Daniel Marshall, Keppel, Grey : Fall wheat, where not winter-killed to make it thin, will be an 
 abundant crop. What is late will be touched with rust, a very little. 
 
 J. M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : Fall wheat has improved greatly since last report to the Bureau. It has 
 tillered nicely ; the heads are long and are well filled with grain of a good sample. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : With the exception of a few fields partially winter-killed, the fall wheat 
 is a good crop, better than for several years past. The quality of the grain is very fine. 
 
 Robert Dunlop, Euphrasia, Grey : The fall wheat is of a good quality. In some places a little injury 
 was done by spring frosts. No damage was sustained in any other way. 
 
 H MpRae Bentinck, Grey : The faU wheat is not injured by weather, but is seriously injured by weevil 
 or some other iksect in the lower joint of the straw, causing one third of it to fall. It is otherwise m good 
 condition. . ... ■ 
 
 Georffe Binnie Glenelg, Grey: Fall wheat that escaped the effects of winter is good, with large 
 headland good sample, though it is somewhat straggled and broken down at the root, possibly caused by 
 the ground being too loose and dry. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey : There s no rust nor insect pest. The berry is plump and the grain 
 will be good, but there is not more than half a crop. 
 
10 
 
 John Morioe, Normanby, Grey : Fall wheat is very patchy, ripening unevenly. There is no rust. An 
 insect has cut the grain in some fields pretty badly, just above the ground. 
 
 W. R. Romboug;h, Normanby, Grey : Fall wheat is only about half a crop, and is badly injured by th« 
 Hessian fly. There is very little rust. The sample is good. 
 
 Joseph McArdle, Proton, Grey : Fall wheat will be an average crop on well tilled land. 
 
 James Farney, Flos, Simooe: The fall wheat was badly winter-killed and only remains in small 
 patches around the fences, two or three acres in a patch. It looks very promising, with a splendid berry. 
 
 Peter Bertram, Orillia, Simcoe : What survived the winter ia being harvested last week and this, and 
 is of excellent quality. It would have yielded well but for the winter frosts. 
 
 J. Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : There is very little fall wheat left, most of it having been ploughed up in 
 the spring. The grain is plump and good, but very thin on the ground. 
 
 George Sne'ath, Vespra, Simcoe : There is very little fall'wheat in the township. Nearly all that was 
 sown was winter-killed. What little there is is just being harvested. The straw is bright, and the grain a 
 good sample. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Fall wheat harvesting commenced about the 20th July. The sample 
 is good, but there is not much grain. There is some to cut yet, which is rusted and will not be a good 
 sample. In some places there is an insect attacking the joint. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Simcoe : Fall wheat was very generally winter-killed in all this section. I never 
 saw so much ploughed up before. What wheat did survive was good and full. No injury to crops except 
 a little trom late frosts. 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : Owing to dry, cold winds early in the season, and drought 
 later on, the fall wheat on the whole is very light and considerably below an average. The fields are very 
 patchy. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : The weather for the past two months has been very favorable for the 
 growth and maturity of wheat. Harvesting began about 15th July and the crop is nearly all secured. The 
 showery weather of last week hindered drawing in, but little injury has been done. 
 
 A. Sharp, Delaware, Middlesex : The wheat is a fair crop, but some late pieces on low lands wer« 
 injured by rust and some by spring and summer frosts— not, however, to any great extent. Cutting com- 
 menced 12th July and the crop was saved in good condition. The quality of the grain is good. 
 
 J. A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Fall wheat is harvested in good condition and is threshing out 
 a fine sample. On clay lands the return is 30 to 35 bushels to the acre, but what the general average will 
 be it is impossible to estimate. Perhaps 20 bushels will be about it, as we always hear of the good returns 
 and seldom hear of the failures ; those who have large returns like to tell it, while the others are silent. 
 Winter-killing was the prime cause of failure ; the weather for ripening was all that could be desired. 
 
 James Alexander, Ekf rid, Middlesex : Fall wheat has improved much since my last report, and I 
 think my own will run 25 bushels or more per acre, half -killed patches included. Wheat has received very 
 little damage from weather or in'sects, and it has been harvested and secured in excellent condition. The 
 quality of straw and grain is first-class. 
 
 J. Grimason, Caradoc, Middlesex : A pretty fair crop, only I think; it ripened rather soon, owing to 
 the dry weather. On the whole it is a great deal better than I thought it would be in the spring, and is 
 nearly all harvested in this locality. 
 
 William Wright, MoGillivray, Middlesex : Fall wheat will be a very good sample and will thresh 
 well to bulk, but as many fields were rather thin the yield will not be so high to the acre as usual. The 
 harvest weather has been splendid. 
 
 William Watcher, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Fall wheat ia a fair crop on the average, partly 
 light in straw but a good sample. Cutting began about the middle of July. 
 
 E. H. Brown, East Nissouri, Oxford : Only half a crop ; it was injured by frost in spring, rust 
 affected it more or less, and it ripened unevenly. 
 
 Robert Leak, East Oxford, Oxford : Only a medium crop of straw, but well headed and well filled, 
 and has been saved in fine order. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : ^ome injury was done by frost and by wet weather in spring, 
 but not by any other cause. The crop is mostly in the barns in fine order. 
 
 John F. Tribe, Dereham, Oxford ; The wheat looks well and is all harvested in good condition. The 
 sample is good and plump, and the crop will average, by appearance through the township, 27 bushels per 
 acre. 
 
 William Brovra, Blenheim, Oxford : Fall wheat is a fajr crop and will average about 22 bushels per 
 acre, I think ; the grain is plump and good. It was a good deal injured with wet weather in spring. 
 
 Thomas BairdjBlandford, Oxford : Fall wheat has greatly improved since' the May report was sent 
 in. At that time it looked like a three-quarters crop, but now 1 can safely say it will be a full average of 
 beautiful, plump grain^free from rust and for the most part from insect pests. 
 
 Thomas Good, Brautford, Brant : Fall wheat was badly hurt by ice, frosts and water last winter, but 
 what was left promises to turn out well to the straw and will be far better than we expected. Some late 
 wheat is a little burnt with rust and I noticed a little midge, but not enough to hurt tne crops. Cutting 
 commenced about 20th July. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : Harvest began about 19th July. The wheat has done very weU, con- 
 sidering the severe winter and the appearance of the crop in early spring. The straw is much shorter than 
 last year, which lessens the labor of harvesting and thresning. The heads are large and well filled. 
 
11 
 
 John CamiibeU, Blanshard, Perth : Fall wheat on dry drained land is a fair crop, but where the land. 
 is low it was injured to a considerable extent by winter-freezing and recently by rust. Cutting began 
 here about 15th July and the grain is nearly all out now. Binders are all the go. 
 
 William Lang, Downie, Perth : Fall wheat is generally good here and has been saved in splendid con- 
 dition. Democrat and Boyer have done well, and f believe there are some good fields of Martin Amber. 
 
 D. McLean, Ellice, Perth : Fall wheat was partly injured by the spring weather and continued spotted 
 and thin. The green spots are a little rusty and the Hessian fly has done a little harm, but the yield will 
 not be affected much. Cutting commenced about the 22nd of July, and became general about the 27th. It 
 has been raining more or less every day since the 25th, but if the wheat can be got in dry it will pass for 
 No. 1. 
 
 D. Stewart, North Easthope, Perth : This crop is good in quality and will thresh well to the straw, but 
 there were few very heavy fields. On the whole it is good and satisfactory. 
 
 George Leversage, FuUerton, Perth : FaU wheat will be an average crop. Cutting began about 19th 
 July, and a good deal has been saved in fine condition. 
 
 W. Whitelaw, Guelph, WeUington : Generally very good and much better than was expected early in 
 the spring. The quality of the grain is first rate, though it ripened very uneven owing to some being injured 
 by winter frosts and other causes ; no injury by rust or insects. Many fields will yield from 30 to 40 bushels 
 per acre. Cutting commenced about 26th July and the crop is being secured in fine condition, m i m '"'" 
 
 Charles Nicklin, Pilkington, Wellington : Better than for four or five years ; even on late fields the 
 wheat is very well filled. No insect pests and no rust to hurt the wheat of any account ; enough rain to 
 suit nicely, and cool nights have been the very life of it. 
 
 C. J. McMillan, Erin, Wellington : The crop improved greatly since last report. The quantity will be 
 light, but the quality good. 
 
 D. Macfarlane, Puslinch, WeUington : The fall wheat is very irregular. On fields exposed in winter 
 to winds and frost and on low ground it was very badly winter-killed, but where it was sheltered the crop 
 is very good. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : The wheat in this township has turned out well, exce'pt the late sown 
 on low mucky land, which is affected some by rust. Cutting began on 20th July, and will be finished this 
 week. Every man with 200 acres has a binder, and wages are not so high as last year. 
 
 Thomas Mitchell, North Dumfries, Waterloo : The wheat is very good where not winter-killed. It is 
 almost free from rust, but there is more midge than we have had for years. Cutting commenced about 16th 
 July, and the crop has been secured in fine order. The quality of the grain is much better than last year. 
 
 B. Devitt, Waterloo, Waterloo : The wheat stood erect ; no rust or any other injury, and the grain 
 is of excellent quality. 
 
 John Cornelius, East Garaf raxa, Dufferin : The fall wheat is not an average crop in this locality. It 
 was greatly damaged by ice, and will not average more than ten bushels to the acre. 
 
 H. McDougall, East Luther, Dufferin : The wheat is a good sample, but light in many places. Although 
 the crop wintered well, the wet and cold spring destroyed much of it, so that some fields were ploughed up 
 and sown to barley late in the spring. 
 
 R. Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : The wheat is ripening very irregularly, and likely some late fields will be 
 injured by rust ; none cut yet. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : Fall wheat has improved, but ripens unevenly by reason of the frost 
 in winter. There wiU be considerable shrunk wheat, as rust is affecting the late grain. 
 
 J. R. Snure, Louth, Lincoln : Fall wheat was injured very much by the cold wet spring. The grain is 
 of good quality. 
 
 Edward Irvine, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Fall wheat was injured by the frost last winter. In spring 
 the heavy rains injured the wheat on low ground. What was left seems to be now m good condition. 
 
 E D Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Fall wheat was frozen badly in winter, but what was left came on 
 well, and will yield from half to two-thirds of a good crop. It is all secured m excellent condition. 
 
 Joseph Snasdell, West Flamboro', Wentworth: Fall wheat is better than was expected. It is about 
 two-thirds of a crop. It was injured by the winter frosts. 
 
 Robert Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : The fall wheat was badly winter-kmed-raore than we thought 
 in the spring. It ripened very unevenly. Some spots are quite green, while others are dead ripe, which 
 win affect the sample. 
 
 W M Calder, Glanford, Wentworth: Much of the fall wheat was badly winter-killed, leaving it m 
 many places scarcely thick enough for half a crop. What was left seems to have filled pretty well, and 
 ^^ped^lury from any cause. ^Part of it has been secured in very good condition, thougfi probably more 
 than half of it is still in the field. 
 
 Wm McDonald, Esquesing, Halton: Fall wheat in this locality wiU be near an average crop, havmg 
 greatly iinproved since tie Mly report. Rust did little or no harm. Fields ripened unevenly, so that 
 some of the wheat w^s too ripe before the rest was fit to cut. • — =.^ 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : Wheat got through the winter in very bad condition, but has not 
 since b "en injured by rust, insect or other causel There is about half a crop, and the sampla is very good. 
 
 Adam Alexander, Nassa^aweya, Halton : What wheat escaped the terrible winter has done well, and 
 will be a good sample. I notice an insect eating the kernel after it is ripe. 
 
 Wm Kersey, Toronto Gore, Peel : Fall wheat ripened very unevenly on account of the winter's frosts 
 damaging it to a iarge extent, but on the whole there will be a very fair sample. 
 
12 
 
 Alex. McLaren, Caledon, Peel : Fall wheat was winter-killed at least twenty-five per cent. The 
 balance has come in in good condition and yield, but late. 
 
 Peter McLeod, Ohinguacousy, Peel : Fall wheat was injured a good deal by frdsts in the early spring. 
 I should judge that one-third would be cultivated and put in for spring crop. What was left has picked up 
 well. The quality of the grain is good. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : Fall wheat was badly winter-killed. What little was left came on 
 fairly well and was not otherwise injured except by rust on late grain. The quality is good. 
 
 John Beasley, King, York : Fall wheat was not injured by the summer weather. Some fields were 
 partially kOled out in winter, but I have never seen wheat recuperate and stool out better than it has this 
 season. The grain is plump and bright. 
 
 Thomas Scott, North Gwillimbury, York : Fall wheat was very patchy, but it has filled well, and will 
 yield largely for the amount of straw. The grain will be of good quality. 
 
 George Elliott, Scarboro', York : Fall wheat was mostly ploughed up in spring. What was left has 
 done well and will be a good sample, but not a heavy crop. 
 
 George Evans, Georgina, York : Fall wheat was badly winter-killed, a great deal being ploughed up or 
 re-sown. What was left has done well, being well filled, and no rust or insects damaging it. 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : Fall wheat was badly winter-killed in this locality. The greater 
 portion was ploughed up in spring. The grain was harvested in good condition. 
 
 John Clfristie, Reach, Ontario : Very little fall wheat raised here. What little there is is good in 
 quality. 
 
 Joseph McGrath, Mara, Ontario : In new, fresh land fall wheat is a very good crop— as good as in 
 former years. Other fields were ploughed up, and some that were left might as well have been ploughed. 
 On the whole it wiU be about half a crop. 
 
 William Smith, East Wliitby, Ontario : There was not a great deal of fall wheat sown, and that very 
 much injured in the spring. What is left will yield well. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Very little ^fall wheat sown, but the few pieces in this township 
 will be a fair crop when c6mpared with the spring wheat, and is harvested in good condition. 
 
 William J. Grandy, Manvers, Durham : Fall wheat is a good crop, very little affected by insects and 
 none by rust. The crop is secured in good condition. 
 
 Robert Moment, Clarke, Durham : Very little fall wheat sown in this township, but that little was 
 very good, as it came through the winter all right, and the season has been very favorable for maturing and 
 harvesting. 
 
 James Brock, Cavan, Durham : The fall wheat in some places was badly killed in spring, but in others 
 the crop is a fine one. 
 
 John Riddell, South Monagban, Northumberland : Fall wheat is over an average crop — a large crop of 
 straw. There was no rust or insect pest. Cutting commenced as early as the 10th July and was quite 
 general by the 16th. The wheat shot up irregularly and ripened the same, yet the late is quite as good as the 
 early, being plump and well filled. 
 
 P. Hinman, Cramahe, Northumberland : Fall wheat is the best crop it has been for years. It received 
 no injury. 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland : A very fine crop ; quality and yield good ; and I think nearly 
 all secured without any injury from the rains we have had. 
 
 John Williams, Hamilton, Northumberland : The area of fall wheat is small, but what little there is is 
 good. 
 
 M. Morden, Brighton, Northumberland : Exceptionally good in yield and quality. The crop is 
 ■about all secured in good condition. 
 
 A. J. File, M.D., Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Fall wheat has turned out a good crop, very little 
 winter-killed, and not injured by insects or other causes. It has been saved in good condition, and the 
 quality is good. 
 
 E. A. liosee, Athol, Prince Edward : Fall wheat is a good crop and ■will yield about twenty to thirty 
 bushels to the acre. It was saved in good condition. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburgh, Prince Edward : Fall wheat is looking well. Only a few farmers 
 here grow it, but it gives good satisfaction this year to those who have it. 
 
 Leonard Wager, Sheffield, Lennox and Addington : Fall wheat harvesting commenced on the 20th of 
 July. Grain plump and said to be the best crop ever raised in this township ; but since harvesting com- 
 menced it has been very showery weather, so the greater part of the crop stands in shock in the fields. 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredericksburgh, Lennox and Addington : Very little sown ; quality good ; not a 
 heavy crop ; injured by spring frosts. Harvesting commenced about the 19th of July. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox and Addington : Fall wheat though little grown has been a fair crop, 
 being little injured and secured in good condition. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburg, Fro'ntenao : Good, but little sown last autumn on account of wet, unfavorable 
 weather. • 
 
 David J. Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : Wheat harvested in favorable weather and what was sown 
 is a good crop, and the quality of the grain No. 1. 
 
 John McGuirCj North Crosby, Leeds and Grenville : A very small quantity of it raised. It was a 
 good deal winter-killed, but what was left has done very well. It has not been injured by rust or insects. 
 
13 
 
 Isaiah Wright, Augusta, Leeds and Grenville: Winter-killed in some places where not summer. 
 fallowed, but of excellent quality and mostly all harvested in good condition. 
 
 G. D. Dixon, Matilda, Dundas : Nearly all ploughed up in the spring. What was not ploughed up 
 was very good. f o c 
 
 G. C. Tracy, Williamsburg, Dundas : Barely ripe ; what wintered has done well. 
 
 A. Farlinger, Morrisburg, Dundas : Is turning out to be nearly an average crop. 
 
 R. Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : A hail storm passed through the township on the 29th July from 
 north-west to south-east, about three-quarters of a mile in width and nearly destroyed all the grain and 
 vegetable crops m its course. The quantity of fall wheat is small, but what there is is good. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Is an average crop ; good plump grain ; has not been miured 
 by msects or storms. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, W. Hawkesbury, Presoott : Very little sown, but what there is looks well. It will 
 yield about 20 bushels to the acre. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : There is little fall wheat in this part, and what was sown was 
 mostly winter-killed. 
 
 R. Serson, Fitzroy, Carleton : There is very little fall wheat here, but it is in good condition. It 
 received no injury from bad weather, rust or insects. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : The fall wheat is badly winter-killed ; what escaped looks well ; 
 no injury 
 
 John Carter, Brougham, Renfrew : Not much grown. What is grown this year looks well, and I 
 believe it would be a better paying crop than spring wheat. 
 
 Patrick Corley, South Sherbrooke, Lanark : Fall wheat was injured in some spots by the January 
 thaw, but it is a very fair crop, and the quality of the grain was very good. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : Fall wheat was rather thin, some of it being winter-killed. There 
 was no injury in the summer. The quality is good. 
 
 John H. Fraser, Drummond, Lanark : Fall wheat is good where not winter-killed. Slightly injured 
 by frost in spring, and by rust. Most of it is secured in good condition. The grain is good. 
 
 George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : I never saw much better fall wheat than we have this year. It 
 was not hurt in winter or summer. 
 
 Wm. Hilton, Marmora, Hastings : Not much grown ; good crop. 
 
 Wm. Ramsey, sr., Mariposa, Victoria : The fall wheat is rather light in straw, not having stooled out 
 as much as usual, but the quality of the grain is Ukely to be number one. There has been no rust. 
 
 John Westlake, Eldon, Victoria : Fall wheat is all cut, and is the finest crop grown here for years. It 
 was not so thick on the ground as in some years, but it is well filled. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : The cutting of fall wheat commenced about July 20th. The grain ia 
 plump and the heads well filled ; but the straw is light, having been injured by winter-killing about twenty 
 per cent. 
 
 John Moloney, Douro. Peterborough : Fall wheat is one of the best crops ever produced here. The 
 berry is very plump and sound. 
 
 James S. Calmduff, Harvey, Peterborough : Fall wheat ia generally thin on the ground, but with good 
 fat heads and plump berry. There were no insect pests that I could discover. There will be about an 
 average crop. 
 
 F. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterborough : Fall wheat has not been injured by the weather, insect pests or 
 rust. Its condition is good, the heads being well filled. The quality of the grain is No. 1. 
 
 Thomas Telford, Ennismore, Peterborough : During my residence of 30 years in this township I never 
 saw a finer crop of fall wheat. The grain is sound and plump. 
 
 F. R. Curry, Anson and Hindon, Haliburton : Fall wheat is excellent and has received no injury from 
 any source. The. grain is very good. 
 
 Stephen Kettle, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Fall wheat looks better than ever T saw it here. It hag 
 received no injury through the summer. Frost in spring killed' out one or two pieces that lost the snow 
 very early. 
 
 J. Early, Chaffey, Muskoka : There is very little fall wheat grown in this township. What there is ia 
 good. I can learn of no damage from any cause. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Little fall wheat grown. It promises a good yield. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Fall wheat looks well this year. We commenced cutting about the 
 26th July. 
 
14 
 
 SPRING WHEAT. 
 
 The comparative failure of spring wheat last year had the effect of very largely 
 decreasing the acreage put under that crop this spring, the reduction amounting to 
 nearly twenty-eight per cent, of last year's acreage, and the reports as to the condition of 
 the crop are such as to justify the expectations of a still further reduction next year. 
 The reports are on the whole far from encouraging; and in many of the limited localities 
 in which its condition was reported as fairly promising the crop, being rather later than 
 usual owing to an unfavorable spring, had not passed the critical stage and many fears 
 were expressed that a visitation of rust was imminent, such as proved so disastrous last 
 season. Almost every one of the numerous enemies, insect and climatic, to which this 
 cereal has of late years been so peculiarly liable' seem to have rallied to the attack this 
 season — in some places singly, in others combinedly, and in most only too effectively. It 
 is true that the same doleful story does not come from every concession or township, or 
 even from every county, but the key-note of the correspondence throughout the province 
 is decidedly minor. If we divide the province at the neck of land which* forms the 
 counties of Simcoe and York the general tenor of the reports west of this line, to say 
 the most, is a very light crop, with the quality of the sample still a matter of doubt. 
 Drought during the season of development is the cause most frequently assigned for the 
 shortness of the straw and its lightness on the ground, but midge, rust, blight, Hessian 
 fly, wire worm, too much wet and cold weather at the sowing season, or during its. early 
 growth, had each and all a share in the result. There are some counties or portions 
 of counties in which, barring disaster before the crop is housed, the yield may approach 
 an average. In some townships of Haldimand, Welland, Lambton and Halton, where, 
 however, the acreage son^n is small, and in Waterloo and Dufferin, a majority of corres- 
 pondents predict a fair yield. York and Simcoe furnish, perhaps, a greater number of 
 favorable reports than the counties further west, but even as to them it must be borne in 
 mind that at the date of the reports the crop was either just approaching or in the midst 
 of a critical period, and that incipient attacks by midge and rust were both reported, with 
 a good deal of uncertainty as to the result. Over large areas of Huron, Bruce, Oxford 
 and Brant the crop promises to be a failure from the various causes which have already 
 been generally indicated. Taking now the counties which lie to the east of York and 
 Simcoe, the reports are on the whole more favorable than those in the western peninsula, 
 for though the various adverse influences which have been felt so severely in the west are 
 apparent their effects have not been either so severe or so widespread. The presence of 
 midge and rust is not infrequently noted, especially in the Lake Ontario counties and the 
 more westerly of the Ottawa River counties, and as to rust fears were expressed in many 
 quarters that it was likely to be severely felt before the crop was harvested. Should it 
 escape this visitation the prospects are, that, so far as most of the river counties and East 
 Midland counties are concerned, the yield will be pretty near if not quite an average, and 
 in some of them possibly considerably more than an average. In Ontario the reports 
 are on the whole pretty favorable, but in Durham, Northumberland and Prince Edward 
 the crop has been seriously impaired by drought and the various insect pests. Spring 
 wheat looks fairly well in most parts of the northern districts, but it was rathei early at 
 the date of the reports to speak positively. Midge was present in some localities, though 
 apparently it has not yet done much damage. In some parts of Algoma the crop was 
 severely injured by drought, and did not promise an average yield. 
 
 Daniel Stuart, Tilbury West, Essex : Not much sown in this locality. What there is is light and is not 
 all harvested yet. 
 
 S. McGee, Maiden, Essex : Not much sown and a poor crop. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent ; Not very much sown. Looks well, but the dry weather I think wUl 
 prevent it from filling well. 
 
 C. Coatsworth, Rouiney, Kent : All ready to cut or being cut. The dry weather has affected the crop 
 a.Bd it will be short and not extra plump. 
 
 George Hope, East Tilbury, Kent : Not much sown, but a fair crop. 
 
15 
 
 D. Campbell, Dunwioh, Elgin : Spring wheat promises very fair. Plant healthy, good large heads, 
 iillingj nicely, but the hot, dry weather of the past three weeks has had a tendency to make the crop thinner 
 than it would have been with more cool, showery weather. 
 
 W. Watts, Bayham, Elgin : Failure. 
 
 Sheldon Ward, Malahide, Elgin : Very little sown, and what there is will be short and thin. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk ; Not much grown in this section. What there is looks well and 
 bids fair to give an average crop. 
 
 Joel Misener, Moulton, Haldimand : Not much sown, but what there is is half a crop. 
 
 R. Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand : Spring wheat seems to be filling well, but hard to tell how it will 
 come out as it is very green yet. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Not much grown here and of very little account this year. 
 Not yet matured and looking thin and rusted. 
 
 F. A. Hutt; Stamford, Welland : Not much grown. Considerably injured by June drought. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : I am not aware of seeing one field this season. There is generally 
 very little reliance placed on this crop here, arising from its unreliability. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : Is a very li^fht crop ; the drought seemed to affect it. However, 
 the weather has been very favorable lately and it is fillmg out well. 
 
 Michael Ellerker, Warwick, Lambton : Spring wheat will not be a heavy crop. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : Spring wheat looks well. 
 
 J. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : But little sown here and the season has been far too dry for it on 
 clay land. Still, some pieces on fine soil look middling well for the season. 
 
 Hugh McPhee, Ashfield, Huron : Cold temperature at an early stage of growth caused it to turn yellow 
 and destroyed some of the seed, which has rendered it thin. The continued drought was also unfavorable. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Not much spring wheat sown here now, it has failed so badly the last 
 two or three years. I hear that what there is of the bald varieties is looking bad. The Arnetka or goose 
 wheat looks well so far. 
 
 Alex. McBwen, Hay, Huron ; Spring wheat looks pretty well so far. I have about five acres of Cali- 
 fornia Defiance which looks splendid. The bearded varieties seem to do better, such as the Defiance and 
 the McCarling. 
 
 G. E. Gresswell, Tuckeramith, Huron : Badly injured by rust. Statements made to me by farmers 
 very conflicting as regards damage by rust. My own opinion is that the spring wheat crop will not yield 
 seven bushels per acre. The threshing machine will tell the tale more truthfully perhaps. 
 
 Alfred Carr, East Wawanoah, Huron : Some fields of early sown have a good appearance, but in general 
 it looks very poor. It is partially struck with the rust and some turned yellow shortly after it was up— I 
 think on account of too much rain. 
 
 George Fortune, Turnberry, Huron : Spring wheat will be a very light crop. It will be ready to cut in 
 about two weeks. 
 
 Wm. Richmond, Morris, Huron : The spring wheat is not very good. The farmers are going to quit 
 growing it altogether ; it does not pay. 
 
 A Drummond Howiek, Huron : It was attacked by an insect early in the season which thinned it out 
 considerably. It is going to be short owing to the drought. It is stUl qmte green. 
 
 P. Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : Somewhat light owing to want of rain. 
 
 John Craig, Amabel, Bruce : Not much sown. What I have seen looks very poor. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Very little spring wheat sown now. It has not been doing very well 
 the last few years ik this place, which was once one of the best sprmg whestt to\vnship3 m the country. 
 What is sown looks fairly well at present. 
 
 Peter Clarke, Culross, Bruce : A lisfht crop and prematurely ripened. 
 
 ^«.mes Shearer Egremont, Grey : There is a great diversity of appearance in this crop, some looking 
 weU aXome ve?y poOT The Hessian fly is at work in it and I think the midge is present likewise, so I 
 think the yield wUl be very small. 
 
 John Morice, Normanby, Grey : Spring wheat almost a total failure in this part of the country ; badly 
 thinned by the wire worm. , , , ., r. * f n, 
 
 A Elliott, Artemesia, Grey : It will I think be somewhat below the average. On account of the 
 drought it did 'not tiller well. , , ^ „ i, j rru- 
 
 r „-,..,» -Rinnie Glenelg Grey : Spring wheat is generally poor, thin, short and small heads. This crop 
 «,em^ to Te more and more^k failure i^ this section. . Probably one of the causes this year was poor seed. It 
 
 was 
 
 ;Sl shSrelled up st^uff, not capable of producing strong plants. 
 
 J K Irving, Innisfil, Simcoe : Spring wheat is mostly good if nothing comes on it before cuttmg. 
 Some talk of midge, but I have seen none. , , ., • .u a 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : There is no rust at present, and it promises to be a good ciop. 
 
 B R Rowe Orillia, Simcoe : This crop looks well but late, which will make it liable to i-ust. None 
 waite L^ted for a forlnight. Should it escape rust there wiil be a good return 
 
 W D Stanlev Biddulph, Middlesex: Rather light; I saw no appearance of rust or msect, but the 
 ^Thtts^W haS uVrt. There will be none cut for 10 or 12 days. 
 
16 
 
 ^m^^ Wm. Elliott, W. Williams, Middlesex : A general failure in this and surrounding townships. 
 
 "S: <P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : Not very much sown ; will be a medium crop. 
 
 J. T. Ooughlin, Westminster, Middlesex : Spring wheat I think is almost a failure ; it is short and 
 light, and will not make half a crop. 
 
 A. Robinson, McGillivray, Middlesex : Looks as if it would be a fair crop. It looks thin on the 
 ground but well headed. 
 
 E. H. Brown, E. Nissouri, Oxford : It is a failure, rust having taken it. 
 
 James Anderson, E. Zorra, Oxford : Injured by wet weather in May ; struck with rust about June Ist 
 and considerable midge. Some pieces good, some fair, and the bulk very poor. Some ripe now (August 
 1st) and some very green as yet. On^e whole, will scarcely be half a crop of fair quality. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : Very little sown ; a poor crop ; caught by the rust. 
 
 John Campbell, Blanshard, Perth : Spring" wheat looks rather stunted. The midge is showing itself, 
 also rust, so the prospects are not very bright. 
 
 George Leversage, EuUerton, Perth : Spring wheat will be very light. Not much sown this year. 
 
 A. McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Short in straw ; almost a failure ; the result cannot be estimated yet. In 
 some cases it has been cut for green feed. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Not so vigorous as usual. 
 
 H. McDougall, Guelph, Wellington : Spring wheat looks thin and r»ojed. I do not think it is going 
 to do much. 
 
 Alex. Kerr, Pilkington, Wellington : The crop looks well at present, but not s,o much sown as usual. 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Very little sown ; it is thin on the ground ; liardly half a crop. 
 Peter Winger, Woolwich, Waterloo ; Not much sown this year. It will be an average crop. 
 John Snyder, Wilmot, Waterloo : Spring wheat promises to be full and plump ; no rust yet. 
 John Cornelius, E. Garafraxa, Dufferin : Spring wheat looks well so far. Do not see that it has been 
 injured by either rain, frost or drought. 
 
 R. Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : Looks light on the ground and short. 
 
 A. H. Pettit, N. Grimsby, Lincoln : Spring wheat late on account of the wet spring and the dry 
 weather for the last month. No insects or rust as yet. The crop vrill be thin on the ground and the straw 
 short as a rule. 
 
 James StuU, Grantham, Lincoln : This crop will not be very heavy. Most of it was got in too late for 
 a good crop. Very little out up to date. 
 
 John Ireland, Ancaster, Went worth : Very little grown. What there is is looking fair. Not yet ripe 
 for harvesting. 
 
 E. D. Smith, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Light ; drought and wet spring. 
 
 Adam Alexander, Nassagaweya, Halton : Very little sown. The very dry weather will likely cause it 
 to shrink badly like last year. 
 
 W. C. Ingelhart, Trafalgar, Halton : There is prospect of a fair crop ; injured to some extent by midge. 
 Jno. Campbell, Chinguacousy, Peel : In most cases thin and backward, owing to wet in spring. 
 Joseph McKay, Toronto, Peel : Spring wheat is hurt by midge. 
 Angus Ego, Georgina, .York : Very promising ; no rust yet ; seems to be filling very well. 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Spriner wheat fair ; some weevil in White Russian variety ; Wild 
 Goose wheat not materially affected, by any causes. 
 
 Wm. W. Findlay, Scarboro, York : Looks weU, though there is considerable midge in some of it. Will 
 be ready for cutting about 10th inst. 
 
 Thomas Scott, N. GwiUimburyj York : Early sown is coming in good, but there is rust on later sown ; 
 it is too soon to tell to what extent it will hurt it. The midge is taking considerable. 
 
 John Christie, Reach, Ontario : Spring wheat looks well ; no damage done so far by weather, rust, etc. 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : Present prospects are that we shall have a No. 1 sample, but lighi 
 straw. Ears are now well filled, and I intend to start the reaper in spring wheat on Monday, 2nd inst. 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Mara, Ontario : Is looking well at present. If it is not broken dovrai by storms it will 
 be good. 
 
 E. Hodges, W. Whitby, Ontario ; Doing well at present, but if this wet, hot weather continues it will 
 be damaged by rust, and in some places it is beginning to appear now. 
 
 James Brock, Cavan, Durham ; The spring wheat is not ripe in this vicinity as yet, but the heads seem 
 plump and full. I think there is a little rust showing on the straw. It is thin on the ground I think on 
 account of the wet spring. 
 
 R. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Suffered by cold and drought, midge in a few places. 
 
 Wm. Lucas, Cartwright, Durham : Will be short in the straw, but well eared and has not suffered by 
 the weather, nor as yet by rusts or insects. 
 
 John Williams, Hamilton, Northumberland : Less than the usual acreage this year, and the crop will be 
 rather below the average, although there are some good fields. Injury by the Hessian fly in some places 
 and some hilly land badly wfished by heavy rains soon after sowing time. 
 
17 
 
 John Riddell, S. Monaghan, M'orthumberland : Thin and hght cro^e ; variety mostly the White 
 Russian, which appears about run out. Some Colorado, a newer kind, promises better. Indications of r ^c, 
 the last ten days and in some fields a good deal of weevil. On high dry land where free from rust anri weevil 
 the grain is plump. 
 
 Samuel N. Smith, Sophiasburgh, Prince Edward : Spring wheat is a poor crop generally. It was hurt 
 by the dry summer and the weevil has been very busy in the wheat that was sown early. The late sown is 
 not far enough advanced to tell how it will come through, but a very small crop at the best. 
 
 James Cooper, Marysburgh South, Prince Edward : Very poor ; some ploughed up. 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredencksburgh, Lennox and A-ddington : Spring wheat promises to be a good 
 crop ; no weevil to be seen and it is filling well. . Not yet fit to out. 
 
 John Sharp, Emesttown, Lennox and Addington : Spring wheat, not a very good crop ; short in the 
 straw and thin on the ground. The heavy snow storm in April witlj little frost m the ground left the soil 
 heavy and dead. There was heavy rain in the fore part of May and cold weather, after which a drought set 
 in until about the 25th of May, which caused the wheat not to stool. 
 
 Alex. Ritchie, Storrington, Frontenac : Not as much sown as last year. Dry weather has made the 
 crop short and thin. None harvested yet ; will be in a few days. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Lansdowne Front, Leeds : Thin on the ground but fairly well-headed. Some pieces are 
 rusted, but rust not general. Dry cold weather in June was hard on it. None ripe yet; 
 
 S. Edgar, Kitley, Leeds : Good ; not injured in any way except slight rust in late sown. 
 
 A. Harkness, Matilda, Dun t, : Looking well and promises to be something more than an average 
 crop. '""^^" 
 
 Robt. Vallance, Osnabruck, Storraont : Fair ; partly ripening. 
 
 Kenneth McLennan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Spring wheat on high land looks well, but on low land is thin 
 owing to cool weather in the early part of summer. None ripe yet. 
 
 James Clark, Kenjon, Glengarry : Spring wheat on many places was badly cut with the grub worm, 
 Notwit!;<)ianding this fact, the weather being favorable it will yet be a fair crop. 
 
 , Wm. Ferguson, Hawkesbury W., Prescott : Spring wheat never looked better than this year, I think 
 it* will average 20 bushels to the acre all through ; some fields will yield more. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : Spring wheat is a good crop ; above an average on many fields- 
 Rust is appearing, but what damage it may yet sustain I could not say. 
 
 R. Serson, Fitzroy, Carleton : Does not promise well ; badly affected by rust and weevil, with weather 
 favorable for the production of both. 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton ; Spring wheat good ; none ripe yet owing to the wet cloudy ' 
 weather. It may rust yet. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark ; Affected a little by drought early, in season, but now looking well. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : Very good where not affected by rust. Our agricultural society 
 brought in 650 bushels of Red Fyf e wheat from Manitoba and sold it to the farmers for seed. It has done 
 extra well ; will be ripe next week. 
 
 Peter Clark, Montague, Lanark : Has plenty of straw, but is injured by weevil and threatened with 
 rust from too much moisture. 
 
 H. A. Schultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : Rust has affected it, but should warm, dry weather set in now 
 the injuries from that cause will not be much. 
 
 Peter Anderson, McNab, Renfrew : Very good ; affected by rust in low places. 
 
 George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings ; Early sown is very good, but what was sown about the 10th and 
 15th of May is badly destroyed by weevil. ' 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Spring wheat promises to be above an average crop. The straw is- 
 not heavy, but the period of danger is not past. The earliest will be ready to cut about the 18th oc 
 20th inst. 
 
 John Campbell, jr., Mariposa, Victoria: Very promising, though slightly affected by rust. No other- 
 injury. 
 
 James S Caimduff, Harvey, Peterboro : Spring wheat is promising since the rain in July. The^ 
 drought affected the crop in spots, but it has improved wonderfuUy of late. WiU be ripe in two weeks. 
 
 John Moloney, Douro, Peterboro': Fair average crop ; promises to be a good, plump 'berry. 
 
 Henry Ferrier, Stanhope, Haliburton : Spring wheat looking well ; no damage yet. 
 
 J. Early, Chaffey, Miiskoka: Will be a good average crop ; not damaged to any extent from any cause;. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Promising well ; some report of weevil. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Spring wheat, to all appearance, will be a light crop. 
 
 2 (A.K.) 
 
18 
 
 BAELEY. 
 
 ' The barley crop this year seems to be inferior to that of last season in regard to 
 •quantity, but on the average the quality is better, particularly in point of color. The 
 •season was not a favorable one for the production of . a large yield, as the rains in spring 
 ■either retarded sowing or partially destroyed the seed, while the long drought of June 
 and July kept back the growth. As a consequence of this the straw was very short, and 
 in many cases ths stand was thin on the ground. Fortunately, the weather turned in 
 its favor at ripening time throughout the greater part of the province, thus giving the 
 grain an opportunity to make up for shortness in quantity by excellence of sample. In 
 the Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and West Midland counties at least thirty per cent, of the 
 barley had been harvested in fair condition at the time the reports were sent in, 
 while the prospects seemed good for the remainder. The most unfavorable reports from 
 these county districts were those of Haldimand and Welland, wherein complaints were 
 made not only of the lightness of the grain but of bad harvest weather. The crop is not 
 an extensive one in those counties, and its bad condition there will not make a great 
 difference on the average. The Georgian Bay and western Lake Ontario counties report 
 an average crop of average quality, the berry being in most cases plump and of good 
 color. In these counties the harvest was less advanced, so that rain may have occasioned 
 some damage since the reports were written. A large portion of the ground on which 
 fall wheat had failed was re-sown with barley in this district, causing a great increase in 
 the barley average over recent years. In the counties of Durham, Northumberland, 
 Prince Edward and Lennox, which are generally noted for their fine barley, the condi- 
 tions were on the whole very favorable. The reports indicate that the early-sown barley 
 had ripened too fast in some cases, but that on the average the sample would be a very 
 fine one, while late-sown grain gave much better promises. The majority of the reports 
 indicate an average yield of good grain. Farther east barley is not grown so extensively, 
 though it is to be noted that in both Lanark and Renfrew the reports speak of larger 
 acreage, in consequence chiefly of past failures of spring wheat. In all the eastern 
 counties the grain was ligllt and the yield under the average, though a number of corre- 
 spondents, chiefly in the upper Ottawa district, speak highly of the crops in their 
 neighborhoods. The greater part of the grain in that portion of the Province will be 
 slightly discolored. In Hastings and Peterborough the yield will be comparatively small 
 and the sample a little discolored. In the northern parts of those counties the grain was 
 somewhat hurt by spring frosts. The reports from Victoria were more favorable. The 
 grain had filled Veil and presented a fair sample generally throughout the county, and in 
 some few districts it was unusually good. The districts of Algoma and Muskoka do not 
 produce much barley, but so far as grown this year it promises well. Apart from the 
 drought in the growing season and rain at harvest time, there has been no damage of any 
 consequence to the crop. One or two reports from Middlesex and Wentworth speak of 
 slight injury by frost, and mention of rust on late grain is made by correspondents in 
 York, Durham, Northumberland and Perth. The injury from these causes must have* 
 been very trifling, however. The barley acreage over the whole province shows a great 
 increase over last year. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essesf :, Barley is good, bright and a fair crop. Some of it is a little short on 
 account of the drought. 
 
 R. H. Waddell, E. Tilbury, Kent : Barley is about a fair average ; sample fair, color good. It has 
 nearly all been housed in good order. I 
 
 John Haggan, Malahide, Elgin : Barley is a good crop, but liable to be colored by the late rains. None 
 housed as yet around here. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Barley has been harvested in good condition, with good prospects 
 of a fair yield of grain. 
 
 John Bradford, Dunn, Haldimand : Barley a very good crop, but not much grown, and will be slightly 
 discolored by rain. • 
 
 Alex. R'eid, Crowland, Welland : Barley is backward and will be a short crop, owing to the drought. 
 
ly 
 
 . A. A. Meyers, Sombra, Lambton : Barley is a splendid crop, bright, and harvested in good condition. 
 The drought did not affect it. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : Barley is a fine crop , though short in the straw. About two-thirds will be 
 colored by recent showers. 
 
 Wm. Richmond, Morris, Hurbn : The barley is very good. There is a great deal cut and will be 
 secured in good condition. More will sow barley next year. 
 
 John Wright, Goderich, Huron : Barley is good. Some of it was cut on the 19th July. It has been 
 rather showery to get it in in first-class condition. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Barley will be a good average crop. Tlhere is not a large acreage sown 
 this year, as the price has been low for some time. 
 
 P. Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : Barley is very short. The sample will be good and bright. 
 
 Peter Harris, Euphrasia, Grey : Barley is mostly cut and some housed. The sample is good, but the 
 crop light. 
 
 Robert Carruthers, Artemesia, Grey : This is a very inferior crop, as a great many fields looked more 
 like a summer-fallow than anything else until lately. 
 
 James Cannon, jr., Sydenham, Grey : Barley is a good crop, and a good deal of it is secured in fine 
 condition. 
 
 R. T. Banting, Essa, Simooe : Barley is an average crop. Some of it is cut, but very little housed. 
 The lecent rains will have a tendency to darken the color. 
 
 John Darby, Vespra, Simcoe : Barley took the place of a good deal of wheat that was ploughed up. 
 Considerable has already been harvested, partly in good condition, and some colored with the rain. There 
 is a fair average crop. 
 
 Peter Stewart, West Williams, Middlesex : Barley is the best crop for years. It is about all harvested, 
 and in good condition. 
 
 W. W. Revington, Biddulph, Middlesex : The sample is good and bright, the straw short. There was 
 more barley sown than formerly. 
 
 Thos. Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Barley for the most part will be a fine sample, but wiU not be as 
 heavy a crop as last year, though I believe it will be close on an average. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Barley is very good where got in early on dry land. On clay it is 
 late and backward. Nearly all is slightly stained with rain. 
 
 John Hodgson, Hibbert, Perth : Barley is going to be a better quality than last year. The dry 
 weather will make it a short crop. There is not much housed yet. 
 
 John Campbell,' Blanshard, Perth : Barley is a fair crop, but with very short straw. It is mostly cut 
 but not secured, as most of it is now bound up, and takes long to dry out. 
 
 D. Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington : Barley is a very good crop. There wiU be some of it colored 
 with the rain. Some is secured in good order. 
 
 John Cornelius, East Garafraxa, Dufferin : Barley owing to the drought is rather short in the straw. 
 The drought did not last long enough to injure the quality. Harvesting has not commenced yet. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Barley will be light in weight, but generally of good color. 
 It is about all secured. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Late sowing and the drought afterwards will make the bulk small. 
 Taut if there is favorable weather the sample will be good. All except late-sown fields are cut or ready 
 "to cut. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Barley is short in straw, but the grain bids fair to reach an 
 Average crop. Some has been cut. 
 
 W. C. Ingelhart, Trafalgar, Halton : Barley is about two-thirds of a crop. There is not much secured 
 jet. The grain is fair. 
 
 John Campbell, Chinguacousy, Peel : Barley gives a good sample, but there is not as much of it as last 
 year by thirty per cent., owing to the wet and cold spring. 
 
 Thomas Swinarton, Albion, Peel : Barley is a good average crop and saved in good condition. It is 
 better than for many years. , , ^ ,,.,.. -,1 
 
 R. M. VanNorraan, North Gwillimbury, York : The growth is short, caused by dry weather, but wJl 
 benearly an average yield. , ^ ^^ u u 4. 4.1, 
 
 Simpson Rennie, Soarboro', York : Straw not very long, but the gi;ain good. Cutting began about the 
 ■20th July. „,,-.■• 
 
 J D Evans, Etobiooke, York : Barley is badly colored by the late rains. There is no other injury. 
 
 James Mackie, Uxbridge, Ontario : A first-class crop ; a little colored by late rains, but not to hurt 
 
 "'"Vafayette Weller, Scott, Ontario : An average crop. The bulk will be plump berry and good color. 
 John Eoy, Sougog, Ontario : Fair to good. Cutting commenced about the 22nd inst. The berry is 
 
 colored by recent rains. „.,,,,, j • c ■ j'<.- x, 1. 
 
 TamPs Parr Cartwright, Durham : A full crop. Considerable has been saved in fair condition ; but 
 notmuchwillbeNo.lbSght All more or less damaged by recent rams. 
 
 ■D v,„„K-<.,i„illo niarke Durham : Barley is a heavy crop and largely cultivated. From premature 
 ripen^Sgrcauserb^Ky, v^^^^^^^ berry ^inclines to be fight, but bright. Cutting began 
 
 about the 16th July. Part secured. • 
 
20> 
 
 James Brookj Cavan, Durham : There is a good deal of barley, but it is not a very heavy crop. The 
 drought affected it. Late sown will have the plumpest berry. 
 
 George Kennedy, sr., Haldimand, Northumberland : Barley is light of straw. Late barley is likely 
 to be the beet, as the early ripened too quickly. 
 
 George Sanderson, Cramahe, Northumberland : Not as good as last year. Early barley was hurt by 
 the dry spell and the late is rusted on wet ground. 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland : Fair crop ; not so good a yield as last year. Not much 
 secured yet. ^ 
 
 Edward Roblin, Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Very good. The drought shrunk the early sown, 
 but the late sown is good, both in color and quality. 
 
 E. A. Losee, Athol, Prince Edward : Under the average crop, as the dry weather cut it short. 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredericksburg, Lennox and Addington : Barley is not nearly so heavy a crop of 
 straw as last year, though the grain is much heavier and brighter. Average from 25 to 30 bushels per awe. 
 A large part secured in good condition. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox and Addington : Barley is barely an average crop, and is colored. 
 Rain has interfered with harvest operations. 
 
 David Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : A medium crop ; thin on the ground, but the grain is plump 
 and good. 
 
 M. Spoor, Wolf Island, Frontenac : Large acreage sown. Appearances indicate an abundant crop. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Lansdowne Front, Leeds and Grenville : Barley is very poor ; not more than half a. 
 erop. Drought was the cause. 
 
 Isaiah Wright, Augusta, Leeds and Grenville : Barley is a very good crop. More sown than usual^ 
 mostly for feeding. 
 
 A, Harkness, Matilda, Dundas : A medium erop. The summer was favorable, but a good deal of the. 
 grain was put in when the ground was wet and got a bad start. 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Not much grown in this township ; but what there is looks well. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, West Hawkesbury, Prescott : Barley I think will be about 25 bushels to the acre. In 
 fact I never saw it look better. 
 
 R. Serson, Fitzroy, Carleton : One-third of the whole crop here seems to be barley, which is a heavy 
 and good crop, free from rust. The ruination prices last year induced people to sow barley largely. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew : Barley is not much cultivated yet, but is growing in favor as a 
 substitute for the unsafe wheat. 
 
 Peter Clarke, Montague, Lanark : A good crop, rather above the average. It is just fit to cut. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : Barley is one-quarter short in straw as compared with former years. 
 The grain is a little shrimk and a large quantity discolored. 
 
 Wm. Hilton, Marmora, Hastings : Not a heavy crop. The grain is a pretty good sample. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterborough : Barley is short in straw and some very light in weight. It 
 will not turn out as well as last year, 
 
 F. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterborough : Barley in most cases is very short and thin, caused by thft 
 drought. Most of it will be colored by the late showers. It is also light in the berry in many oases, 
 
 Wm, Ramsey, sr,, Mariposa, Victoria : Barley is not over heavy, but the sample will be good if we do 
 not get too much rain, 
 
 Amos Hawkins, Eldon, Victoria : Not as heavy a crop of straw as last year, but a better and much 
 plumper berry. If we are only lu«ky enough to get a few weeks of dry weather the quality will be, I 
 think, a little above the average, 
 
 Sidney Barclay, Ops, Victoria : Barley is ripening rather unevenly. There is not much cut. The 
 weather is unfavorable, 
 
 F, R, Curry, Anson, Haliburton : Commenced cutting on July 30th, but some of it will not be fit for 
 harvest for ten days yet. It looks very well indeed, 
 
 J, Early, Chaffey, Muskoka : Barley is a good crop everywhere in this locality. 
 
 ♦ OATS, 
 
 The drought of June and July has rendered impossible a full yield of oats this year, 
 taking the whole province into account. Over more than three-fourths of the whole 
 average, namely, almost all the territory west of Addington and Renfrew counties, the 
 straw is short and the crop in the aggregate a little lighter than usual. Lennox 
 Addington and Frontenac felt the drought to some extent, but this invasion of the river 
 counties was balanced by the partial escape of Hastings, Peterborough and Victoria. The 
 reports in general woiHd indicate that the aggregate yield for the Province will be somewhat 
 
21 
 
 below that of last year, while the area was increased about 80,000 acres. It is satisfac- 
 "tory to note that the most favorable reports are received from the counties in which the crop 
 is most extensively grown, namely those along the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers. A large 
 majority of the reports from those counties speak of the crop as heavier than usual and 
 the yield as prospectively greater. Almost the only source of complaint is a superabund- 
 ance of rain, which in some few places has caused too great a growth of straw, accom- 
 panied, though not frequently, by rust and scalding. Of course the crop was by no means 
 out of danger when the reports were written, as in most cases it is late and requires at 
 least two weeks more to ripen. Some correspondents fear rust, especially in the low 
 ;ground crops, and others in the more northerly districts are afraid of early frost. If it 
 •escape such dangers as these the oat cropof the River counties will be a very satisfactory 
 ■one indeed, and somewhat above the average. The acreage in these counties is also greater 
 than it was last year by nearly 25,000 acres. The East Midland counties make almost 
 as good a showing as those along the rivers, but their acreage is much less. In some 
 places, perhaps a fourth of the whole area, the drought has caused a shortage ; but in other 
 ■districts the crop is spoken of as " the best in ten years," and as " over an average." 
 Late sown grain in these counties has a fair prospect of improvement. Next to the far 
 •east counties the best reports come from the region in which the fall wheat was the 
 greatest failure, namely, the counties of Simcoe, Ontario and York. With few exceptions 
 -the correspondents in these counties speak of the crop as fair or good. Although they 
 jiearly all agree in stating that the straw is stunted by the drought, they report that the 
 iheads are fairly heavy and well filled with good grain. On some very light land the crop 
 will come short, and on some low land it will be late, but these represent only a small 
 percentage of the total. In only one or two reports is there any mention of damage by 
 rust or insects. The eastern Lake Ontario countips report a fair crop, though not so 
 uniformly good as those mentioned above. The only damage, except from rust in one or 
 two places, has been caused by drought. Some correspondents speak of later grown grain 
 having a better prospect than the early, in which respect these counties diflfer from 
 ■others further west. In the remainder of the province the conditions vary but little, 
 except in the Niagara peninsula. There the crop has been as much injured by having 
 too much rain in spring as by having too little during the summer, and will come 
 decidedly below a fair average. But with this exception the reports for the west may 
 fairly be summed up — Very short in straw, but fairly good heads. In general the crop 
 is a very light one on extremely heavy and extremely light soil, and fairly successful 
 •everywhere on loam. Many correspondents cry out for more rain, but even without this 
 the crop throughout the west will come very well up to an average Some of the early 
 «own grain will indeed go bey6nd the average ; but many of the later fields are almost 
 hopelessly cut ofi" by the drought. The northern districts send about the same report as 
 the west. The acreage is increased very little and the crop is gomewhat behind last 
 year's, owing entirely to the drought. Late grain and that sown on very light land are 
 spoken of as hardly returning the seed. Throughout the province there is a satisfactory 
 freedom from insect pests. Only three reports mention the wire worm, and these are 
 from such widely distributed localities as Elgin, Carleton and Algoma. The presence of 
 rust is mentioned in a number of places, chieily in the extreme east and west, but no 
 serious damage is spoken of. Scattering reports from the south-western counties and a 
 few from the east report the cutting of oats, but the harvest will not be general for a 
 week yet. 
 
 P. J. Freeman, Rochester, Essex : Will be on the whole a splendid crop. They are not quite fit 
 to cut. 
 
 Daniel Stuart Tilbury West, Essex : Straw short ; head good ; suffered from drought, and will not be 
 an average crop. 
 
 W r Morse Gosfield Essex : Dry weather has made the straw short on sandy dry laud ; but they 
 generally look weil on low lands. They wUl not be fit to cut before this report is returned. 
 
 R Waddell Tilbury East, Kent : Straw for 1*e most part is short, though the earing is good and 
 gives promise of a fair crop, perhaps hardly an average. They are now colormg. 
 
22 
 
 James Cruio kshank, Zone, Kent : Oats are rather light on account of dry weather. We are beginning- 
 to harvest them. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent : A good heavy crop ; some are just ready to cut. 
 
 Wm. Clark, Aldboro', Elgin : A heavy crop ; some are about ready to cut. Some little damage has 
 been done by wire' worm, but nothing serious, 
 
 D. Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Oats on clay loamy soil are an excellent crop. On very stiff .clay and 
 light sandy soil the straw will be somewhat short ; but all are heading well. 
 
 John Begg, Southwold, Elgin : Crop about sixty per cent, improved by l^te rains. 
 
 W. W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : The prospects are variable. Where sown early and on well 
 manured soil the return will be 140 per cent. Later sown are not so good ; but the general output will 
 be 110. 
 
 R. Watson, Windham, Norfolk : Suffered from drought and heat. Will be a light crop. 
 
 Joseph Mumby, Walpole, Haldimaad : Oats promise a first rate crop. 
 
 John Bradford, Dunn, Haldimaud : Oats will be a good average crop and of very fine quality. 
 
 E. A. NeUes, Seneca, Haldimand : Not an average crop, but stood the dry weather better than some 
 ' other crops, 
 
 James McClive, Bertie,, Welland : Oats are a light crop. They will be ripe about August 6th. 
 
 P. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Oats are somewhat affected by the drought, but not to the same 
 extent as the spring wheat and barley. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : Oats will be rather a light crop ; injured by drought, and to some 
 extent by frosts. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton ; Oats are not so heavy as in the past two years. They are short 
 in straw, 'bright in color, and the grain is likely to be of good quality. 
 
 J. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Oats are short in straw, but well headed, and will be nearly an 
 average crop. The shortage is caused by dry weather. , 
 
 A. Robson, HuUett, Huron : Oats are very good and promise an abundant crop ; but some people are 
 complaining of rust where the crop is late. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Oats look very well, but there is rather much smut. They seem to be 
 filling up well, and early varieties are changing color. 
 
 Alex. McBwen, Hay, Huron : Oats promise well. They are not so heavy in straw as last year. The 
 best variety here is what we call the White Australian. They do not rust. The only objection to them is 
 that they are late, and require early sowing. 
 
 M. McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : Oats are a great failure on account of the drought. Only 
 2.63 inches of rain has fallen since the 28th May, and only 1.07 inches of that this month. 
 
 H. Doupe, TJsborne, Huron : In general there is a very good crop. 
 
 D. McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce: Late sown will be- a light, crop, Early sown oats have a good appear- 
 ance, but need a shower to fill the grain. 
 
 Peter Reid, Kinloas, Bruce : 'Short in the straw, and not so many sown a« last year. The crop will be 
 short. 
 
 James Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Fair, except those sown late. Will average about thirty bushels to 
 the acre. 
 
 Peter Clarke, Culross, Bruce : Oats not a quarter of a crop ; very bad with smut. 
 
 George Buskin, Artemesia, Grey : Many fields are short, but they are stretching up. Likely to be an 
 average crop. 
 
 James Shearer; Egremont, Grey : Early sown mostly look well ; late sown, especially on flat land, 
 are poor. 
 
 John Cameron, Holland, Grey : Oats are rather short in the straw owing to the dry summer, but late 
 fields are doing very well now since the nice rains we had the latter end of July. 
 
 C. Julyan, jr., Sarawak, Grey : Oats are suffering from the drought, and to all appearances will be a 
 very poor crop. The harvest is not yet begun. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : Oats are in general a heavy crop. They look well all over the township. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : Early oats are light ; the later sown are better. There are some 
 splendid fields. They are a big crop on flat and low lands especially. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : Oats have the appearance of a good crop. In some fields the tops are 
 stuck over with a small insect which may yet do some harm,- though it has not done a great deal so far. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Simcoe : A good many oats were sown in consequence of the failure of fall wheat 
 and seed barley being for a time scarce and dear. Oats are looking uncommonly well, and promise a full 
 crop. 
 
 ■Tames Robertson, Elos, Simcoe : Oats promise a large yield, and the weather is very favorable for 
 maturing them. 
 
 Basil R. Rowe, Orillia, Simcoe : Oats look well but late. The recent heavy rains will increase the crop 
 but retard the ripening. The straw is rather short. 
 
 Richard Jolliffe, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Oats are a good crop. I saw some cutting to-day that 
 I think will go sixty bushels to the acre. 
 
23 
 
 R. A. Brown, West Nissouri, Middlesex : The straw is short, and the grain is getting ripe too soon. 
 The berry is good so far. Very few are ready to out yet. Only early varieties have done well, and will 
 make the full average. Late fields will not make more than eighty per cent. 
 
 Wm. Black, Westminster, Middlesex : Oats, like barley, are very short in the straw, but the heads are 
 well filled. There is a small quantity of straw, and a good yield of grain. ■ 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : Oats are short in the straw and in places thin. They are ripening, and 
 will be fit for the reaper in a week's time. 
 
 Joseph Sifton, North Oxford, Oxford : Oat harvest has just commenced. It promises a fair crop, but 
 with short straw, which is the result of dry weather. , 
 
 Wm. Brown, Blenheim, Oxford : Oats are badly burnt by dry weather ; will yield about 25 bushels 
 per acre. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford ; Oats are short in straw on account of drought, but promise a 
 good yield of fine quality. Some have been cut, but they are mostly quite green yet. 
 
 Thos. Lunn, Oakland, Brant : A splendid crop, especially learly sovm oats. The straw is shorter than 
 last year. No rust so far. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Bi:antford, Brant : Oats are a fair crop on loose or loamy soil, but poor on clay. A _ 
 great many fields are thin and, short. There will not be nearly an average crop. There are hardly any cut, 
 and some are not out in head yet. As far as I can judge they will not average 30 bushels to the acre. 
 
 Robt. Beatty, Blanshard, Perth : Oats promise to be a fair crop. The straw will be short and the yield 
 will hardly be up to the average. 
 
 Duncan McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Dry weather has affected the oats. They are short in straw but 
 well headed. They have been doing well since the last rain. 
 
 George Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Oats, in consequence of dry weather, will be short and light. 
 They are not ready to cut yet. 
 
 James Cross. Peel, Wellington : There will be a fair crop of oats if the weather continues favorable, but 
 not so good as last year. 
 
 John McDonald, West Garafraxa, Wellington : Oats, where sown in gobd time, will be a fair crop but 
 short in the straw. Late sown are no use. 
 
 H. McDougall, Guelph, Wellington': Oats are looking well, but want rain very badly. 
 
 C. Masson, Eramosa, Wellington : A' good crop, mostly of the white Chester kind, whieh grows very 
 heavy and suits our land here. 
 
 G. Bailey, Melancthon. Dufferin : Oats look well, but the straw is short. They want rain. 
 
 R. Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : Oats are light and short. 
 
 John Snyder, WUmot, Waterloo : Oats will be a good crop but short in the straw. 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Oats will be rather a light crop, both in straw and grain. 
 
 Ed. Halter, Waterloo, Waterloo : Early sown oats will average about 36 bushels to the acre, but the 
 later grain is far back and shows rust on the leaves, which is a bad sign. 
 
 Peter Winger, Woolwich, Waterloo : Oats promise to give a full average crop. They will be ready to 
 harvest in about two weeks. 
 
 Robt. Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Oats were sown so late that they have only lately headed, but they 
 have a good color and look better than might have been expected on light soils. On heavy clay the half of 
 them never started at all. 
 
 George Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Early sown oats are good. Some oats were sown so late that it is 
 doubtful if they come to much ; in fact they are not headed out yet. 
 
 Edward Irvine, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Late showers are bringing on the oats. I think there will be 
 a fair average yield. , , i, , 
 
 W M Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Oats will be deficient in straw, though those early sown give 
 promise of a fair yield of grain. Late sown in some eases did not come up, owing to lack of moisture. 
 
 W. G. Fletcher, Binbrook, Wentworth : A very short crop on account of the very dry weather. 
 
 John Ireland, Binbrook, Wentworth ; Looking generally promising; none as yet harvested. 
 
 Wm McDonald, Bsquesing, Halton : Oats are generally light. Some early sown fields are nearly ripe, 
 but moTt of the crop is just headed out. A good rain would greatly improve the crop. 
 
 Edwin Dalton, Nelson, Halton : Oats are promising a fair crop. 
 
 Adam Alexander, Nassagaweya, Halton : The early sown will be good and are nearly ready to cut, but 
 late oats will be light unless we get heavy showers soon. . ,.,,,. 
 
 Joseph McKay, Toronto, Peel : The oats will be a fair crop. The late rams have helped them along. 
 
 Archibald McKinnon, Caledon, Peel : Oats sown on heavy soil will be an over yield. I look for 45 
 bushels per acre on part of our farm. 
 
 r»nrafi Evans ir Georgina, York: Oats are short, and scarcely an average crop, from present 
 appeaSes,buTfre filling well. No injury done by insects or storms. The cause of the crop being below 
 the average is the drought only. , . . , 
 
 M Jones Whitchurch, Tork : The oat crop was never better at this time of year. 
 
 D. James' Markham, York: The crop generally is _ very short in the straw. Very few fields are as 
 
 heavy as last 'year, yet we may have nearly as large a yield. 
 
24 
 
 Joseph Wood, King, York : This crop on the whole is not as good as last year. On heavy clay lands— 
 .and if not injured by rust or storms — will be about ordinary. 
 
 Wm. Smith, East Whitby, Ontario : Oats are looking well in this section. 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : Oats are looking well now. They were slightly checked in growth by 
 the drought in June, but are making good progress at present. None will be ready for cutting before 
 August 15. 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Mara, Ontaris : Early oats look well. Those sown about May 24th have not so good a 
 stand because of the drought of June, but have been improving for the past ten days. 
 
 James Brock, Cavan, Durham : The oat crop, I think, looks best of any grain in this section. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Oats look exceedingly well and will be a full crop where sown on 
 suitable ground. They are just shot out and are standing up well. 
 
 Thomas Ward, Darlington, Durham : Not an average crop ; short in the straw. 
 
 John Riddell, South Monaghan, Northumberland : Early sown oats are a light crop. The later give 
 promise of a fair crop. Not ready for harvesting for ten or twelve days yet. 
 
 George Kennedy, sr., Haldimand, Northumberland : Oats are light. The drought took them before 
 they were headed out, but they have recovered since the rain came. 
 
 Nelson Rose, North Marysburgh, Prince Edward : Oats are a splendid crop. Some fields were injured 
 by the drought, but are recovering now. 
 
 James Benson, Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Oats pr.Dmise well. 
 
 Leonard Wager, ShefiBeld, Lennox and Addington : Oats are good, but all green yet. They were kept 
 back by the drought in June. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox and Addington : Oats are in fine condition and give promise of an 
 abundant crop. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox and Addington : Oats are not a heavy crop, but have been improving 
 since the late rains. 
 
 Alex. Ritchie, Storrington, Frontenac : Oats are a good crop, but none have been harvested yet. The 
 Australian oats are the leading ones here, and are the best we have ever had. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Early oats are very good, and I expect the late ones will be 
 good also. No rust so far. Just commencing to cut the early ones. 
 
 John Donnelly, Portland, Frontenac : Oats look well. They are not ripe yet, but will be an average 
 crop. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Lansdowne Front, Leeds : Oats look well. The rain came just in time to save them. 
 None ripe yet. 
 
 J. A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds : Oats are good ; a little on the light side. 
 
 E. Chapman, Edwardsburgh, GrenviUe : Oats will be abundant. 
 
 Thomas McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : Oats look well, especially on high lands. On low lands 
 they are damaged a good deal by rust and wet. 
 
 G. C. Tracy, Williamsburg, Dundas : The fields are full of straw and appearances good. 
 
 G. D. Dixon, Matilda, Dundas : Good, with the exception of some pieces hurt by the wet. 
 
 Robert Vallance, Osnabruck, Stormont : Oats are a heavy crop ; flattened a good deal by rain and wind. 
 
 D. B. McMillan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Oats look splendid. I never saw them looking much better. If 
 well secured there will be a large crop. 
 
 A. M. Campbell, Kenyon, Glengarry : Oats, the main crop of this section, look well. They have been 
 slightly injured by rust in some places. They are yet green. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry :' Oats are a fine crop, but are green as yet and show signs of 
 rust in some places. To what extent they may be injured it is hard to tell. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, West Hawkesbury, Prescott : Oats, from present appearances, should yield about 50 
 bushels to the acre. There is a great growth of straw. 
 
 James Surch, South Flantagenet, Prescott : Oats are an abundant crop. 
 
 Wm. McClintock, East Hawkesbury, Prescott : The prospect for oats is that there will be a very large 
 yield for the quantity sown. Owing to the spring being so early oats were sown earlier than usual, and ane 
 not likely to get rust. 
 
 Henry Armstrong, Clarence, RussSll : Oats are one of the finest crops in this place. They have long 
 straw, are well headed, and show altogether a very large growth. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : Oats appear to be a heavy crop. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : Oats look extra well, and promise over an average crop. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton : Early oats more than an average, and late going to be too rank. 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton : Oats are good, but are down a good deal. Will be hard to 
 harvest and are likely to rust. 
 
 J. J. Smyth, Gloucester, Carleton : A promising crop, but injured in some localities by wire worm. 
 
 John Carter, Brougham, Renfrew : Oats never looked better than this year ; but the cry raised all 
 round is — how can we dispose of them at the prices ? ' 
 
25 
 
 J. M. Kennedy, Pembroke, Renfrew : Oats look well, but are badly lodged and tangled by hail and 
 heavy rain. 
 
 H. A. Schultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : Oats will be an immense crop, late sown will hardly ripen this 
 year; the weather is too cool. 
 
 John 'Whelan,BrudenelI, Renfrew : A splendid prospect of a heavy crop, but will be late harvesting- 
 A considerable area sown. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : Oats are very good. No harvesting for at least two weeks. 
 
 Lawrence Dowdall, Drummond, Lanark : Oats look very well. They will not be fit to cut sooner than 
 the 15th August, as the oats here are in general a late kind. I wish we could get earlier varieties. 
 
 Patrick Corley, South Sherbrooke, Lanark : Oats look well. I think they will be » little over the 
 average of the last three years. 
 
 Peter Clark, Montague, Lanark : Oats look well, but the straw looks rusty in wet lands. We have 
 had a very wet season. 
 
 John Campbell, jr., Mariposa, Victoria : On the whole promising well, though much of the crop will be 
 short in straw. None yet cut. 
 
 Wm. Cookman, SomervUIe, Victoria : Oats have suffered from drought, but the late fields are making 
 up. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Oats promise to be a heavy crop, the best for ten years. 
 
 J. M. Drummond, Otonabee, Peterborough : Oats are very good, well headed, not overly long in straw' 
 but a nice, even crop. None ripe. 
 
 James S. Cairnduff, Harvey, Peterborough : Oats, like spring wheat, are improving very much. The 
 crop is short in- spots, and will be a low average. Only occasionally a good even field is seen, chiefly on 
 new ground. 
 
 John Moloneyj Douro, Peterborough : Oats are an abundant crop. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Just lovely. Wherever sown early they are splendid. Those 
 sown late are not yet out of danger of drought. 
 
 Henry Ferrier, Stanhope, Haliburton ; Oats never looked better here. 
 
 Stephen Kettle, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Looking an average crop. 
 ■ George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Oats will be a good crop, up to the average. 
 
 Wm. Hilton, Marmora, Hastings : Oats are a good crop. 
 
 C. Robertson, Cardwell, Muskoka : Oats are patchy in some places, but not to a great extent; The 
 straw is short on light land, but -a very good head. 
 
 James McDonald, Stephenson, Muskoka : Very good. If we get through this month without frost they 
 will be a splendid crop. 
 
 W. H. Green, Sinclair, MuSkoka: Only about half a crop, on account of dry weather in May. They 
 were not covered on new ground deep enough to sprout. 
 
 A. H. Smith, Monok, Muskoka : Oats about 80, and range from extremely bad to very good. Late 
 sown on light soil will not return seed. 
 
 W. D. White, Medora, Muskoka : Oats are looking splendid, except late sowing, which is short. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKeUar, Parry Sound : Oats are a good crop. The straw is not very luxuriant, but 
 ■they will head and yield well. 
 
 Capt. D. Macfarlane, Foley, Parry Sound : Grain plump, straw medium. None will be cut till the 
 middle of August. 
 
 J. H. Johnston, Sandfield, Algoma : Short but well headed ; injured very much in places by the cut 
 worm. 
 
 A McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Oats are short, and thin for want of rain. 
 
 RYE. 
 The rye crop this year will be a very small one in the aggregate. This grain has 
 fallen very low in the estimation of farmers, and its acreage has been decreasing from 
 year to year. The decrease this year is again a very marked one, amounting to about 
 fifteen per cent, all over the province. Even in the east, where rye has hitherto taken 
 iair rank with some of the other grains, there is a large falling off in its acreage. Many 
 ■of the correspondents, who find it necessary to allude to the gram at all do so with a 
 measure of contempt. In a number of places rye is grown for pasture, and in others for 
 the sake of the straw, which is in demand for packing and other purposes but on the 
 whole the growing of this grain is not a profitable business. In the main the crop this 
 
26 
 
 year survived the winter thaws and frosts very well, escaping much better than fall 
 wheat. Only a few instances are given of any of it being ploughed up. Wherever 
 grown throughout the west the crop seems to have turned out fairly well, though hardly 
 up to the average on account of the winter. In Norfolk, which Is this year the heaviest 
 producer of rye, it seems to have given a fairly satisfactory return. In some parts of" 
 the east, particularly in Prince Edward, it was thin on the ground and rather poorin head 
 owing to the winter-killing. Only one report mentions spring rye, and that is from 
 Haliburton, where it seems to have done fairly well. 
 
 A. W. Cohoe, Roeheater, Essex : Very little sown. What there is looks well. 
 ' James Cruiokshank, Zone, Kent : A little winter-killed. Had a dry harvest. 
 
 D. McKillop, Aldboro, Elgin : Very little sown. Good what there is. 
 
 B. M. Crysler, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Very good crop, although it was injured some by May frosts 
 after it was in head. The heads did not fill so well as they would have done with no frost. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Like wheat, rye suffered some from winter-killing. At this date 
 it is mostly harvested and will yield nearly' an average crop. 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : Rye is below the average, having been winter-killed. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Very little grown, but good. It is now safely housed im 
 good order. 
 
 P. 4. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Light in quantity, good in quality but not extensively sown. 
 
 A. A. Meyers, Sombra, Lambton : Rye is rather a light crop. The winter 'seems to have affected it. 
 somewhat, causing a rather light bottom, 
 
 John Craig, Amabel, Bruce : None grown just here. Over on the Lake Huron shore, on the sandy soil, 
 where it is grown considerably, it has done well, 
 
 Tlios Kells, Artemesia, Grey : Very little of this crop cultivated, I know of just one field. It looks- 
 well. 
 
 Basil R. Rowe, Orillia, Simcoe : None grown except on very light land. It w%B partially winter-killed, 
 but not to the same extent as fall wheat. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : Very little grown, but a good crop, and all secured in fine order 
 
 D. Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington : Rye is a good crop, but not much grown in this township. 
 
 Peter Winger, Woolwich, Waterloo : Rye is all harvested, and is a good crop. 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : Rye wintered better than wheat. Will be about three-fourths of a. 
 crop. 
 
 Adam Alexander, Nassagaweya, Halton : We are getting sick of rye. It is nearly as bad as red-root 
 to get out of the ground. 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : Very little rye is grown. What I have seen promises very well. 
 
 iWm. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Rye is a good crop. Was ready to cut by the 20th July, 
 
 Robt. Hodge, sr., Clarke, Durham : The rye crop has been good, and was cut in good order. It 
 promises well. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : An average crop. It is being harvested in good condition. 
 
 James Benson, Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Rye came through the winter well, but is thin on the 
 ground. It will probably be two-thirds of a crop. 
 
 Nelson Rose, North Marysburgh, Prince Edward : A poor crop, thin on the ground, heads fairly filled. 
 Harvesting commenced Jijly 19th. 
 
 J. B. Aylesworth, Camden East, Lennox : Rye is an average crop, and secured in good condition. 
 Cutting began about the 16th July. 
 
 John Donnelly, Portland, Frontenac : Rye is a fair crop, and is harvested in good condition. 
 
 John MpGuire, North Crosby, Leeds : Considerably vrinter-killed. Some was ploughed up, but what 
 remains is very good, and saved m good condition. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : A heavy crop where the ground was properly prepared. 
 
 T. M. Robertson, Nepean, Carleton : Rye is an average crop and is saved in fair condition. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : Rye was thin from winter-killing. The grain is plump. 
 
 Daniel Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Kail rye is very good, and ready for harvesting. Spring 
 rye also promises well. 
 
27 
 
 PEASE. 
 
 Throughout the greater part of the province pease have had, like other spring crops,, 
 a stern fight with drought, and have apparently come out of it with a somewhat lower 
 average yield than last year and the year before. Drought, however, has been the only 
 formidable enemy ; mildew 8lnd the " bug " generally let the crop alone. A good many 
 correspondents say that the absence of the pea weevil for the past few seasons has 
 encouraged the farmers to increase their acreage of pease, and on the whole they have 
 reason to congratulate themselves on the fact this season. In the west the dry weather 
 affected the straw more than the grain in most cases, as rain came in time in a number of 
 counties to help the podding materially. Lambton, Huron, Middlesex, Perth, Dufferin. 
 and Wellington report a full average yield, though the straw is generally very short. In. 
 Grey and Bruce, in the Lake Erie counties, and in Lincoln, Wentworth and Halton the 
 crop is a shade below the average, ranging perhaps from 85 to 90 per sent. In Oxford,, 
 Brant and "Waterloo, on the other hand, the drought has been more disastrous, affecting 
 the pods as well as the straw, and the yield will be well below the average. In York,. 
 Ontario and Simcoe, the conditions again change. Here what little damage! has been 
 done is through the wilting of thp blooms on the early crop, while the later fields give 
 good promise. But these three counties have been as highly favored in regard to pease- 
 as in regard to oats, and the crop may fairly be called an excellent one. Neither straw 
 nor pea is affected to any great extent. The same is true of the greater portion of PeeL 
 The approximation of Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario seems to have had a very consider- 
 able effect in lessening the terrors of the drought in the territory lying between them. 
 In the lake and river counties from Durham to Grenville, as well as in Peterborough 
 and Victoria, the crop is generally a fairly satisfactory one. The later fields are almost 
 invariably the best, the drought having seized on the earlier ones at blossoming time and; 
 done them more or less harm. East of Grenville, and up the Ottawa, there is no talk of 
 drought. There, as in the case of oats, whatever damage has been done is the result of 
 rain, and not of dry weather. The growth is very rank, and in many places — in low, flat 
 lands especially — the vines lie prone on the ground, with the almost inevitable result of 
 mildew. But with continued dry weather the crop in these counties will be an enormous 
 one, and of very good quality on the whole. The acreage in this district is a very little 
 below that of last year. In Hastings, Haliburton, Muskoka and Parry Sound the crop- 
 is also a very satisfactory one, and will in all likelihood be secured in good condition. 
 Algoma reports some damage by the drought and in a few places the presence of weevil, 
 but will have a fair crop. In general the pea harvest will be a little late, and in the far 
 e ast very much so, as the fields were but in blossom in many places when the i'eP°^*^ 
 were written. In some western counties and in Northumberland and Peterborough the 
 earlier varieties were already cut and more would very shortly be ready. The absence- 
 of weevil and mildew is a very satisfactory feature of the reports, mildew being prevalent 
 to any extent only in the east, and not more than a dozen correspondents complaining ot 
 the insect. The total acreage of pease is nearly nine per cent, more than last year. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex : There are few pease sown on account of the bug in past years, but -what, 
 are sown look weil and proinise a good crop. 
 
 Daniel Stuart, TUbury West, Essex : Early sown are good and not injured by the bug as far as I can 
 learn Late sown are suffering from the drought. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Plenty of straw, but do not seem to be podding as well as in some years, 
 on account of the drought. Some are already cut. ' 
 
 Matthew Martin, Tilbury East, Kent : Pease have not been so good a crop for years. Very well hung- 
 with pods. 
 
 John Wright Dover, Kent : Pease are generally good, although dry. The early sown are filling well, 
 and are a good, clean crop ; but in this locality are mjured by the pea bug. 
 
 John Bishop, Orford, Kent : Some pease are ready to cut and some are only in blossom. It appears, 
 that the bugs have left entirely. 
 
28 
 
 J. Robertson, SouthwoW, Elgin : Peaae are looking well. People are beginning to sow them more 
 liberally than forinerly. 
 
 J. Hally, Aldboro, Elgin : Injured by severe drought, but otherwise the crop is good, and apparently 
 free from the bug. 
 
 D. dampbell, Dunwich, Elgin : The peaae in some fields, owing to the heat and drought, have been 
 ripening prematurely. On other fields they appear to be doing well. They are best on clay and clay loam. 
 
 W. W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Pease are more variable this year than for years past. Early and 
 medium sown fields are excellent. Later sown are very poor, which will reduce the output to about 85 
 per cent. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Pease fair. The dry weather some time ago damaged the 
 ■«arly sown, but the crop will be an average one. 
 
 John Machon, CharlottevUle, Norfolk : Quite a large quantity sown this year. I think farmers are 
 increasing the pea crop. 
 
 Wm. Mussen, Oneida, Haldimand : Pease promise an average crop, or over. 
 
 R. Jepson, Walpole, Haldimand r Early pease will be a fair crop. There was too much dry weather in 
 4ihe early part of the season for late pease. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Pease are doing well and promise a good crop. Late sown 
 are thin yet, but are catching up. In wet places they were drowned out. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : Pease are a good crop, with no bugs. They are coming into general 
 ■favor. 
 
 D. Schooley, Bertie, Welland : Pease are good, but full of bugs. 
 
 F. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Peaae are looking well, and nicely loaded. 
 
 J. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Pease are a fair crop for this season ;but the yield will be some- 
 what shortened by the vines ripening prematurely by the dry weather. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : Pease will be a fair crop. The bug appears to have left us. 
 
 John Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : Pease are a good average crop, and there is a good breadth sown. 
 The absence of the bug in the past two years has encouraged the farmers to turn to this crop again. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howick, Huron : Pease are the best looking spring crop. They have not received any 
 injury from any source. 
 
 John Varcoe, Colborne, Huron : Pease are a good crop this year, and appear to be free from the bug. 
 
 John Hislop, Grey, Huron : Pease look well, but are ripening too fast. The grain will be very small. 
 
 G. E. Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : Pease are a magnificent crop and no injury done by bug or 
 ■other cause. Only a few patches of early pease have been cut and hauled in. The great bulk of the crop ia 
 7et untouched. 
 
 John Craig, Amabel, Bruce : Pretty fair so far. Rather short in the straw, but appear to be podding 
 ivery well. 
 
 James Johnston, Carrick, Bruce : Pease look well all over, but in some fields the blossoms dropped off 
 •on account of drought. There will be plenty of straw, but the pods are small. 
 
 Peter Reid, Kinloss, Bruce : Pease are not well podded. The dry weather hurt them to the extent of 
 at least 33 per cent. 
 
 Lewis Lamb, Greenock, Bruce : Looked well at one time, but do not appear to be podding well, owing 
 to continued dry weather. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : A fine crop and free from insects, rust and mildew. Almost leady to 
 harveat. 
 
 Josiah Gamey, Osprey, Grey : Pease have held a good color, notwithstanding the labk of rains, and 
 ipromise a fair crop. 
 
 J. M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : Pease will be a good crop, and have received no injury, except a few 
 ■fields injured by mildew. 
 
 John Mackenzie, Sarawak, Grey : Dry weather prevented filling properly, and the crop generally vidll 
 not be up to the usual standard. The straw is long, owing to good showers in spring, which gave them a 
 .-start to cover the ground. 
 
 James Ross, Oro, Simcoe : Pease are a full average crop, with well filled pods, and now ready for 
 harvesting. 
 
 Peter Bertram, Orillia, Simcoe : Pease are very good. Rain came just in time for them. 
 
 George Cowan, Inniafil, Simooe : Early pease are poor, owing to dry weather. Later fields have a good 
 icrop, vrith plenty of straw and grain. 
 
 Angus Belli Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Pease promise to be an extra crop this season. 
 
 James Robertson, Flos, Simcoe : Pease are very heavy and there is s, wide acreage, as some sowed pease 
 ■on ploughed-up fall wheat ground. 
 
 J. A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Pease are going to be a first class crop ; plenty of vines and mo 
 water-killing on flat lands. 
 
 J. Grimason, Caradoc, Middlesex : This crop suffered very much from the dry weather. Those very 
 •early and very late sown are the worst. Some patches are pretty well loaded, but the rain did not 
 .come soon enough to benefit them much. 
 
29 
 
 Wm. Wright, McGillivray, Middlesex : Pease are a nice crop, clean and bright in straw, so far as I have 
 observed. No injury from bugs. 
 
 Wm. Watcher, Korth Dorchester, Middlesex : Pease are a splendid crop, well filled, bright in straw and 
 thickly podded. 
 
 George Douglas, London, Middlesex : An average crop on the ground. The pods are short. 
 
 Jalnes Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : Pease suffered more from drought than any other crop. They 
 are very short in straw. There are no signs of weevil. They are in all stages, from ripe to quite green. 
 
 Robt. Leak, East Oxford, Oxford : Straw very bright, not long, but well podded. Nearly ripe. 
 I". Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : Pease will be an average crop. Although early sown they suffered 
 from drought, but on the whole are a good crop. No bugs. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Pease promise a fair crop, but were hurt a little by early rain, and 
 then by dry weather. I have estimated the average at 20 bushels per acre. 
 
 Thos. Lunn. Oakland, Brant : No bugs for the past two years, and the present crop" is very promising. 
 The fields are white with blossom, and the chances are for a better crop than for many years. 
 Fred. Axon, Onondaga, Brant : Very poor. 
 
 George Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Pease are a very good crop, and a large breadth sown. They are 
 not quite ready to cut yet, but are looking well. 
 
 D. McLean, EUice, Perth : Pease are a good crop where sown on sod, and pretty fair on stubble land. 
 Will be ready to pull in about ten days. 
 
 Thos. Steele, Downie, Perth : A heavy crop. They are ripening too fast. The weather is too warm 
 and dry. 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eramosa, Wellington:, Pease are long and rank in straw and podding well. If the weather 
 does not continue too dry they will be a good crop. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : Pease are a good crop generally, and I think will be free from bugs. 
 C. J. McMillan, Erin, Wellington : Pease are affected by the drought. The yield will not be heavy. 
 John Strang, West Garafraxa, Wellington : Pease are short, but will be well loaded. Cutting will be- 
 genereJ about the 15th August. , 
 
 W. Whitelaw, Guelph, WelUngton : Pease will be good on clay soil, but very light on light and gravelly 
 soiL , 
 
 George Bellinger, Wellesley, Waterloo : Pease are first-class : no injury whatever, but are not ready to. 
 ■ be harvested. 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Pease are very unequal. Some are very good, and some- 
 were cut green for fodder, on account of the drought. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : Pease are short in the straw and pod, and are ripening prematurely 
 John Cornelius, East Garafraxa, Wellington : Pease have the appearance of a good crop. 
 R. Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin : Pease look well at present. 
 Frank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : Pease are looking f airiy well, but will be late. 
 
 Robt. Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Pease sown early look ve^- well. The late sown are only afewmchee. 
 high, quito.a number of fields having been sown about the end of June. 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : Good only where early sown. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Pease that were not too late sown are a good crop., aome late 
 sown did not grow, on account of the drought. 
 
 George Hart, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Pease are good, and appear to fill well. 
 
 J Murray, Esquesing, Halton : Pease pronnis^ well. The straw is very long, and the pods are well filled. 
 T.,v,n Pamprnn Nassaeaweva, Halton: Plenty of straw, but the hotsun m the beginning of July 
 njured tie birsomk of the^^^rcrop.. The grainls small and the pods are scarce and short m many places. 
 Joseph Sleightholm, Toronto Gore, Peel : Pease are very good, well podded, and the straw of medmm 
 length. They will be ready to pull in' about a week. 
 Georee Savage, Toronto, Peel : An average crop. 
 
 John Campbell, Chingu;cousy, Peel : I have not seen pea^ look better for several years. They hav. 
 good straw and are well podded. , , ^r. ^ i,„i. „„j 
 
 Wn, A Proctor King York : The very early pease are not so good, as the weather was too hot and 
 dry whTnthey wer°e'in blofsom The later^^ase Lrfimng well and promising a good crop 
 
 J D EvL, Etobicoke, York : Some were injured by the rains aft« they were sown. In fair conditio* 
 "^DrTc. M, Georgina, York,: Those wiiich bloomed early filled badly. The rain of the 14th July 
 saved the latter crop. ^^ ^.^^^ ^^ ^^^^ varieties are 
 
 very^*'" ThfcCrkeSnl \^X^!!'^Z^\t;iTAe land will be in good order for sowing fall 
 
 "' Wm Smith Bast Whitby, Ontario: Pease will soon be ready to harvest, and will certainly yield well, 
 wm. smitn r. ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ They look well. 
 
 E Hodg^W. milW Onl^^^^ : The best pros^^ct for a good crop that we have had for years. 
 
.^0 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : Early sown pease suffered from drought in June. The rains since the 
 middle of July have started new growth and fresn blooms, which threatens to result in mildew. Medium 
 late sowing promises better. 
 
 Kobt. Moment, Clarke, Durham : There was a large quantity of pease sown. They have every appearance 
 of a very large yield, nothing appearing to hurt them as yet. Some fields will soon be ready to harvest. 
 
 James Brock, Cavan, Durham : This crop looks very well so far, and I. think they will yield well if they 
 do not mildew. There are no pease ripe yet except some fan6y kinds grown for early market. ' 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland : Early sown are a light crop and yield ; the later grain is 
 much improved by the rains. 
 
 John Riddell, South Monaghan, Northumberland : On the whole, pease will probably be an average 
 crop, although some are poor, caused by the drought in 'the first half of July. C^ly early varieties have 
 been harvested yet. 
 
 Edward Roblin, Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Pease are good. . There are few bugs. The Early 
 £ent variety is extra good. There is a greater acreage of pease this year than for many years. 
 
 E. A. Losee, Athol, Prince Edward : Pease are a good crop, arid will bring more money than any other 
 kind for the same number of acres. 
 
 John Sharp, Emesttowii,'£iennox and Addington : Pease bid fair to be a middling crop. Some that were 
 in blossom dunng the drought were affected both in straw and podding. 
 
 C. R. Allison, South Fredericksburg, Lennox and Addington : Pease have not looked so well for years' 
 and there was a larger breadth sown last spring than there has been for years. 
 
 Joshua Enight, Storrington, Trontenac : Pease are the best crop we have had for years ; in fact, the 
 best grain crop of the season. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburgh, Frontenac : Pease promise well at present, but I cannot tell whether the? 
 -will be injured by the bug. 
 
 James Collison, Matilda, Dundas : Pease grew too much to vine, and do not seem to ripen as they 
 ought. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Pease have a fine appearance where they were not damaged 
 iy rain. There is mildew in some places. • 
 
 Wm. McClintock, East Hawkesbury, Prescott : Some are complaining that pease are too rank, and if 
 heavy showers come they will be down and mildew. 
 
 Henry Armstrong, Clarence, Russell : Pease are a tine crop. They are only beginning to load. They 
 ihave a promising appearance. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : The pea crop is the best for many years. I believe that if they get no 
 ■drawback they will average 40 bushels per acre. 
 
 Isaax! Wilson, March, Carleton : Pease on high land are very good and well loaded, but on low land the 
 mildew is very bad. 
 
 Wm. Hawkins, jr., Stafford, Renfrew : Pease promise the best I have seen them for years. 
 
 Joseph Kinder, Brudenell, Renfrew : Pease are too heavy in straw, but likely to yield well if dry weather 
 comes soon. We have had a long spell of showery weather. 
 
 John Carter, Brougham, Renfrew : Pease are a good crop, but in most low lands are becoming mildewed. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : The prospect for a splendid crop was never better. 
 
 Peter Clark, Montague, Lanark : Heavy straw and well podded, but threatened with mildew. 
 
 A. F. Stewart, Beckwith, Lanark : Not up to the average. Early pease were hurt by the dry weather 
 ^nd some of the late are mildewed. 
 
 John Campbell, jr., Mariposa, Victoria: Good and promKse to yield weU. They have received no 
 damage as yet. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Fenelon, Victoria : Early sown are light in straw and yield of grain. Late sown 
 are very promising. 
 
 F. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterborough : The earliest are not so- well filled, but the late promise a fair 
 crop. I commenced to cut my pease (Marrowfat) on the 27th July. 
 
 Thos. Tellford, Ennismore, Peterborough : Pease are a fine crop. They will be above the average. 
 
 F. R. Curry, Anson,' Haliburton : All right in every way. Crop excellent. Will be ready for harvesting 
 in about a week. 
 
 Chas. R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Pease look very well. My pease are all well podded and will be 
 s, fine crop. This district always succeeds with pease. 
 
 George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : I mu6t say pease are as fine a crop as I have seen for years. 
 
 J . Early, Chaff ey, Muskoka : We never had better. There is no maggot yet to be seen. The prospect 
 is good for a splendid crop. 
 
 F. N. Toye, Draper, Muskoka : Looking likelv to be a big yield. 
 
 Thos. Butler, Hagerman, Parry Sound : Very good in appearance ; no injury. Harvest not begun. 
 
 H. Armstrong, McKellar, Parry Sound : Considerable sown and promising well. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Pease are looking well and will be an average crop. 
 
 J*H. Johnston, Sandfield, Algoma : The prospect of a heavy crop has been injured to a small extent by 
 the cut worm. ' 
 
31 
 
 COEN. 
 
 The corn crop appears to be very much in the same condition that it was this time 
 last year, and from almost identical causes. With a few exceptions, and those chiefly in 
 «ountie8 outside what may be called the corn-growing belt of the province, the crop is not 
 generally promising. The weather at planting time was cold and wet ; the seed in many 
 cases was inferior, and owing to these causes much of it failed to germinate ; a good 
 many fields had consequently to be replanted once or of tener, and usually with not very 
 satisfactory results. Drought followed in many localities and was prevailing especially 
 in western Ontario when the reports were made, so that even the best of the crop is 
 rather short and backward. In the Lake Huron and West Midland counties with the 
 ■exception of Oxford, where the crop looks well, the severe frost on the night of the 11th 
 of July did considerable damage, especially on low moist land. Of the Lake Erie 
 •counties Elgin and Norfolk will probably realize nearly a fair average crop. It is to be 
 noted, too, that in every part of the province, even very unfavorable reports as to the 
 present condition of the crop were coupled with the remark that with suitable weather a 
 ■fairly good recovery might yet be made. Considering the wonderfully recuperative 
 powers of this crop, should the weather from now to the middle of September be favor- 
 able a fair yield may reasonably be expected. The area planted in corn is considerably 
 less than last year. 
 
 Dan. Stewart, Tilbury W. , Essex : The crop is going to be short ; a great deal of it had to be re-planted, 
 'Causing it to be late, and the drought is retarding it now. Unless we have a late fall, without early frosts, 
 it will be short. 
 
 S. McGee, Maiden, Essex : Com will not be more than half a crop. 
 
 WilUam Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Promises to be a good crop ; looks well and is quite forward ; is just 
 earing nicely. But if present drought continues will not do so well. 
 
 A. J. Campbell, Camden, Kent : In many localities promises to be poor, while in a few the prospects 
 ■are good. 
 
 R. H. Waddell, Tilbury E., Kent : Owing in part to bad seed and in part to wet and cold weather 
 subsequent to planting, many fields of corn have been re-planted. Where the first planting grew the crop 
 is good ; the second does not promise much ; too dry. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : The season has been favorable so far, and with a continuance of 
 good weather we may look for a good crop. 
 
 John Begg, Southwold, Elgin : Less planted than usual ; looks well. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Com looks splendid except on wet land where the seed got 
 killed out. 
 
 W. W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : This crop is in fine condition and bears prospects of a very large 
 return. 
 
 r. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Very little grown, and what there is is not good. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : Com is not a success on account of land being wet and cold in 
 planting season, and of late, weather too dry. 
 
 James Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : Corn in many places has been killed by frost in July, but I 
 think it will be an average crop yet. 
 
 J. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : A fair stand has been secured in many fields, but the plants are 
 .stubbv and short, and much of the crop is tasselling out, although only about two feet tall. Eain and a 
 warm" fall may make it yield from one-half to three-fourths of an average crop. 
 
 John Varcoe, Colborne, Huron : Very little grown this year, and what there is does not look well. 
 The weather has been too cold at nights, and it has also been too dry for the corn crop. 
 
 James Tremeer, HuUett, Huron : Some of the seed sown did not sprout at all ; what did promises a 
 fair yield. 
 
 George Cowan, Innisfil, Simcoe : No corn grown worth mentioning ; some good and some bad. 
 
 James A Glen Westminster, Middlesex : The com crop of this section will be easily harvested, as the 
 blackbirds pulled up the young plants in spring. The corn crop of this section is scarcely worth mentioning. 
 What there is is very healthy, but very thin, except where it was planted two or three times. The shade 
 trees that are planted round the homesteads harbor the blackbirds, and the birds harvest the corn plants. 
 
 S P Zavitz Lobo Middlesex : Corn crop will be light— thinned out by birds or failed to come up on 
 ■accoukt of poor seed. 'Slightly injured by frost on July 11th on low ground. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : The corn crop in general is looking well, and if frost keeps off long 
 ■enough, will'give a good average crop. . 
 
32 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : Poor e&ed caused a good deal of trouble, some planting two or three 
 times, and finally giving it up. Those fortunate enough to secure good seed will secure a good erop several 
 days earlier than former years. 
 
 John Campbell, Blanshard, Perth : Not much planted here. The severe frost of July 13th ruined the 
 prospects. 
 
 Benjamin Devitt, Waterloo, Waterloo : Not much grown and backward ; weather too cool in beginning 
 of season and very dry now. It will be a short crop. 
 
 Edward Irvine, Grimsby S., Lincoln : The wet spang injured the prospects, and it will be a poor crop 
 as a rule. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Have not noticed much com this season. Some that I have 
 seen is pretty good and some very poor. It is not raised very extensively here. 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Late, though it looks well where not hurt by dry weather. 
 
 George Evans, jr., Georgina, York : Very little corn grown in this locality. What little is sown 
 appears to be doing very well. 
 
 William Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Not much planted ; looks only middling. 
 
 Walter Kiddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : Some had to be ploughed up from bad seed. The crop 
 is unequal ; some looks fairly well. Much depends on the weather for the next two months. It is rather 
 late. 
 
 James Benson, Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Com a failure, owing to the seed being of an inferior 
 quality or from some other reason. But there are a few exceptional cases which give promise of a fair crop. 
 
 John Sharp, Emesttown, Lennox and Addington : The com crop is not very good ; seed rather poor 
 and the fore part of the season rather cold. 
 
 Archibald Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : Will be a small crop on account of bad seed. Where the 
 seed was good the crop will be fair. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Lansdowne Front, Leeds : Not much raised in this township. What I have seen is poor, 
 
 William Kyle, Williamsburgh, Dundas : Not very promising. Weather too wet and cold ; very wet 
 and cool June and July. 
 
 Lawrence Dowdall, Drummond, Lanark : It was a very poor year for corn. A great quantity of it did 
 not come up at all, the spring was so cold. 
 
 F. K. Curry, Anson and Minden, Haliburton : What little is grown looks well. 
 
 George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Not very good. The weather was too dry about the 24th of 
 May. I have corn that was three weeks in the ground before it came up. 
 
 W. D. White, Medora, Muskoka : Corn is not extensively grown, but the crop this year promises good 
 returns. 
 
 BEANS. 
 
 Beans are not extensively grown as a field crop except in the county of Kent and 
 portions of Elgin and Norfolk. In some of the Ottawa river counties they are 
 cultivated to a small extent to supply the demands of the lumber shanties, and occasional 
 small patches are grown in other parts of the province for the seedsmen or for local 
 consumption. In Kent the crop is, on the whole, a fairly promising one, though on 
 heavy clay soils the seed was slow in germinating and.the plants are looking rather poorly. 
 Drought is complained of in some places and July frost in others, but the plants are 
 generally well podded, and have not so far suffered very severely from the weather. In 
 Elgin, Norfolk, and some of the other Lake Erie counties, beans seem to be going out of 
 favor as a field crop owing to recent low prices ; but so far as grown in these counties- 
 and elsewhere in the province, the reports are almost uniformly favorable. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Beans have been afteoted hf drought in the northern part of the county 
 but where they were planted early they are doing well. 
 
 F. B. Stewart, Kaleigh, Kent : Splendid appearance ; seem to stand (kought better than anything else. 
 
 Geo. Green, Chatham, Kent : Where the crop was no* affected by the frost of July 2nd and 13th it 
 looks well, and they are in full blew. The late planting suffered from drought and frost. 
 
 Kobert Cummings, Harwich, Kent : Most of the beans on clay soils did not germinate for two or three 
 weel« after planting, and are looking very poorly. Those on loam germinated at once and are looking very 
 
33 
 
 well, thoueh they, too, need rain. On the whole, as the bean district is pretty evenly divided, there may be 
 three-fonrths of a crop, giving to loam soil a full crop and to the clay half a crop. Under very favorable 
 oiroumatanoes this will be the best they will do. Acreage somewhat less thSkn in 1885. 
 
 Gr. A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : Beans apparently will be a good yield, but not grown to any extent in 
 this locality. 
 
 Jas. McKnight, Windham, Norfolk : Looking very well. Will be good if the drought does not continue 
 too long. 
 
 Wm. Selkirk, Petewawa, Renfrew : Good appearance for a crop if not frozen before ripening. 
 
 Lawrence Dowdall, Drummoud, Lanark : Bfens are doing very well. 
 
 ROOTS. 
 
 Though the reports as to the condition and prospects of the potato crop are extremely 
 varying, even in the same or contiguous localities, their general effect may be summed 
 up by saying that over the whole western peninsula, excepting perhaps two or three 
 counties, the crop will be very considerably below an average, while east of a line drawn 
 from Toronto to Collingwood the indications point generally to an abundant yield. In 
 the west the prevailing drought has very seriously impaired the crop, and the remark that 
 " the tubers are small and few to the hill " is frequently made by correspondents. It is 
 true that in some localities rain fell in time to ensure a good average yield, but in others 
 its arrival was so long delayed and the potatoes had so far succumbed to the dry weather 
 that it was only sufficient to avert absolute failure. The Colorado beetles have also been 
 unusually abundant in almost every part of the province during the past season, and 
 though the persistent- application of Paris green has generally been effective, yet in some 
 cases even this well tried remedy has not availed. A good many complaints are made 
 that some farmers neglected to apply the remedy, and with the usual result of a total 
 destruction of their crop. One report from Kent mentions the presence on the potato 
 vines of a small insect (aphis) which has done some damage. Among the other causes to 
 which is assigued the comparative failure of the crop in many parts of western Ontario 
 is the inferior quality of the "sets " or cuttings. Owing to the rot last year they had 
 lart^ely to be imported, and 'either from intrinsic defects or from injury in transit many of 
 the'm failed to sprout. There are no signs of potato rot mentioned except in two 
 
 instances one by a correspondent in Middleton, Norfolk county, where apparently the 
 
 symptoms are slight and local, and another by a correspondent in Carleton county, who 
 simply says there is danger of the rot appearing, owing to too much rain. In Glengarry 
 and Prescott mention is several times made of a blight or rust, as it is variously called, 
 which is destroying the vines. Generally speaking, however, the potato crop in the 
 eastern part of the province will be abundant with occasional exceptions, chiefly in some 
 of the Lake Ontario counties, owing to lack of rain. 
 
 Turnips are still at so early a period of their growth that their yield is a matter of 
 considerable uncertainty ; but though they too have suffered a good deal from drought in 
 the western counties, there is no reason why a moderately large yield should not be 
 expected, if the weather for the remainder of the season should prove favorable. One 
 thing in their favor is that this year there has been almost complete immunity from the 
 iturnip fly, which so often proves destructive. 
 
 Owing partly to bad seed and partly to unfavorarble weather at seeding, mangel 
 wurzels failed to " catch" in so.ue places, but generally speaking they are doing well and 
 are suffering less from drought than other root crops. 
 
 Field carrots are not very extensively grown, and. the drought has been pretty severe 
 upon them in some quarters. With favorable weather, however, they will give a fairly 
 
 good yield. y. ■• j a. 
 
 It is worthy of note that, as mentioned by numerous correspondents the bad effects 
 oi the drought have been far less severely felt on land well cultivated and in good tilth 
 than where°slipshod farming was practiced. 
 3 (A. R.) 
 
34 
 
 A. W. Cohoe, Rochester, Essex : Potatoes and all other root crops are small on account of the long con- 
 tinued drought. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essex ; Potatoes are small, too dry. Turnips almost a failure, as they have not 
 grown for a month. When the potatoes, etc. , were small, we had a very heavy rain, which scalded them ;, 
 since then we have had a drought and everything is small. 
 
 A. J. Campbell, Camden, Kent : Drought affected growth ; recent rain has improved the crop, and in 
 some cases it promises to be a good average. 
 
 E. B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : Potatoes in some places badly affected by a very small small insect, 
 {aphis). Potato beetles very numerous. Drought has prevented due grovrth. In other places, vines 
 healthy ; tubers small and few ; the late rains have had a favourable effect. Mangels and carrots are doing 
 well. 
 
 R. H. Waddell, E. Tilbury, Kent : The want of rain tells very much against the potato crop, which can 
 hardly now be otherwise than light. No other root crops grown here in quantities. 
 
 A. J. C. Shaw, Camden, Kent : Not much grown ; very backward, except mangels that were sow n. 
 early and got a start before drought set in. Potatoes will not average much over half a crop ; none for 
 export, and will probably have to import for home consumption. Insects not so injurious as dry weather. 
 
 Geo. Green, Chatham, Kent : The bugs have destroyed many acres, and the long dry spell has retarded 
 their growth. There will be more small ones than of late years. Mangel-wurzels look well ; turnips are not. 
 much grown — I do not know of a patch around here ; carrots are dried out. 
 
 D. McKillop, Aldboro', Elgin : Potatoes in some parts of the township have been very seriously affected 
 by the drought ; more particularly sn on hard clay lands and gravelly soils. On sandy soils the crop promises, 
 to be fair — where properly attended to. Bugs have been very numerous this season. The same remarks will; 
 apply to turnips, mangel-wurzels and carrots. 
 
 Jas. Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : The potato crop will not be so heavy a yield as last year, but I hear 
 of no rot so far ; the acreage planted in South Yarmouth this year is large. Turnips, only a few good 
 patches : the dry weather at seed time seemed fatal to most of them .; mangels and carrots look well. 
 
 John Begg, Southwold, Elgin : More roots planted this season ;> supposed to be owing to the meeting 
 held here in the spring by Professor Brown ; farmers have sown large quantities. , Average crop looking 
 well. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Potatoes promise well if the present heavy rain storms do not 
 continue too long, though symptoms of rot are visible occasionally. All other root crops look healthy, 
 where attention has been given them. 
 
 F. A. Nelles, Seneca, Haldimand : Roots promise tolerably well, although the mangels did not start well 
 on account of a couple of weeks dry weather at seeding time. 
 
 J. R. Martin. N. Cayuga, Haldimand : Potatoes not largely planted this year and not looking well. 
 Very little of any other root crops. Owing to the cold and wet of spring, the clay land could not be got 
 into good shape. 
 
 Jas. McClive, Bertie, Welland : Roots are not doing well ; season started too late and afterwards t' o- 
 dry. Roots are not generally cultivated, but mangels succeed best and give best results. I prefer the Yellow 
 Globe mangels. 
 
 F. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Potatoes looking vferyfirie, but I am told do not turn out well when 
 dug for early varieties. Turnips have made a good start, the recent shovvers having helped them very much- 
 No insects observable. Scarcely any mangels or carrots grown that I know of. 
 
 W. G. Willoughby, Brooke, Lambton : Unless the recent rains revive the root crop, it will not be up td 
 the average. I fear dry weather has hurt potatoes, as they are yet small and few in the hill. Turnips, etc.> 
 may recover from the drought. 
 
 Andrew Cbilds, Dawn, Lambton : I believe there are no root crops raised here this season worth men- 
 tioning. There will be but few potatoes, and these very small, though they are yet of good quality. 
 
 John Varcoe, Colborne, Huron : Potatoes will be a very poor crop in this township fhis year-. Th& 
 potato beetle has been extremely bad, and besides that the vines have made very poor growth ; they look 
 weak. All other root crops are looking very fair, but are all suffering a little from the drought. 
 
 John Hislbp, Grey, Huron : Early planted potatoes are looking well, but late ones have been affected' 
 with the very dry weatlier. Other roots in general are looking well ; the turnip fly was not bad this year. 
 
 Frank Morley,. Usborne, Huron : Good seed potatoes were scarce, and much of the seed shipped in did 
 not grow well. The season has been so very dry and the ravages of the bugs so severe that Hie tubers are 
 not large or very plentiful in the hills. Turnips are not promising very well, except those sown early on 
 very well prepared land ; a great many fields ploughed under. Mangels very thin as a rule, and backward 
 on account of drought ; carrots same as mangels. 
 
 D. Smith, Brant, Bruce : The weather has been rather dry for roots, especially potatoes, other roots; 
 look fresh and are not suffering from any insect pesti, that I am aware of. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce: Potatoes very much affected with bugs, will riot be a heavy crop. 
 Turnips promise well ; no insect pest this year ; weathe'r favorable. Mangels will also be an average crop j 
 carrots not so good. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Potatoes almost a failure except when planted early on well-drained 
 land. Other roots not much grown. 
 
 J. M. Rogers, Sydenham, Grey : Roots of all kinds are looking well and promise to be a first-class »r»p. 
 The weather has been very favorable ; no injury received to speak of. 
 
35 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Roots are looking well ; turnips will be a fair crop ; mangels not extensively 
 grown' but look well. _ Potatoes look well, but the potato-bug is persisting in its right to the fields. The 
 farmers are using Paris green freely. Carrots are only grown m small areas. 
 
 James Brodie, Artemesia, Grey : Potatoes in some cases look well, in others, either from bad seed or 
 some other cause, they look very poor, not more than half of the ground being covered. Turnips and 
 mangel-wurzels look well at present but rain is badly needed. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Simooe : Roots are now looking remarkably well, and promise, if favorable 
 weather be continued, to be an excellent crop. 
 
 Aligns Bell, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Potatoes and other root crops are in a very flourishing condition 
 and a large yield is expected. Potatoes in particular are an excellent crop, though the potato-beetle ia 
 still troublesome. Many new varieties of potatoes are being introduced. 
 
 R. Coad, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Roots generally promising, except potatoes. Potatoes the worst crop I 
 can remember seeing in this district ; they seem to have failed from extreme drought after planting and 
 disease in the sets planted, causing big gaps in the rows ; the bug just as bad as usual. The other root crops;, 
 are promising ; turnips little injured by the fly. 
 
 Wm. Black, Westminster, Middlesex : The very early and long continued drought has also affected 
 the potato, the straw being stunted and potatoes small. The late rams have been very beneficial to them, 
 and they look a good deal better now. 
 
 D. P. Aylesworth, N. Dorchester, Middlesex : Potatoes poor ; affected by frost, bugs and drought. 
 Turnips very good ; mangel-wurzels and carrots, not many cultivated in these parts ; the few grown are 
 looking well. 
 
 Jas. Anderson, E. Zorra,- Oxford : Potatoes look well where good seed was planted but most of the seed 
 was imported from other counties and seemed to have been injured in transit ; bugs as plentiful as ever. 
 Turnips have grown very slowly on account of the dry hot weather, but are very even and promise well ; 
 mangels look well but have suffered the same as turnips ; carrots very little grown. 
 
 W. M. Ryan, Dereham, Oxford : Roots of all kinds look splendid ; no effect from weather or insects. 
 
 Thos. Lunn, Oakland, Brant : The potato beetle has come to stay, it is very numerous and is working 
 on the 24 hour system with no prospects of a strike ; no rot or blight. This crop has a fair appearance at 
 this date. Turnips, more failures from poor seed than from the fly ; carrots and mangels a good average 
 crop, free from all insect pests. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantf ord, Brant : Potatoes promise well, but bugs very thick, more than I ever saw before. 
 Turnips on loamy soil look very well, clay not so ^ood ; I have as good as ever I had. Mangels and carrots 
 also promise a heavy crop. Roots as a rule promise a heavy crop on good land ; clay got bsSced a little and 
 they are not as forward on it. 
 
 A. McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Potatoes were promising in appearance early in the season but are now 
 getting yellow, the tubers dying away. The appearance of turnips at present is promising, but they are in 
 need of rain and moisture ; mangel-wurzels and carrots are a total failure, owing to the dry weather. 
 
 Geo. Leversage, Fullarton, Perth : Potatoes very poor crop, very thin and bugs are bad. Turnips are 
 looking well, better than usual ; mangels very spotted crop ; carrots looking well. The fiy has done very 
 little damage this year. 
 
 Thos. Steele, Downie, Perth : Potatoes a poor crop, did not grow well, the cause is a disputed point some 
 saying bad seed and others too dry. The seed had all to be imported here, I think it got hurt in transit. 
 Turnips looking splendid, very little fly this year ; mangel-wurzels very good ; carrots very good but thin, 
 on the ground, as the braird was not good owing to dry weather. 
 
 C. Masson, Eramosa, Wellington : Potatoes a little blanky, still there are some good patches. Swede- 
 turnips are being hoed the second time and look well, with a dark green thrifty blade ; mangels first-class ; 
 field carrots not many but what tnere are look well. On the whole the roots are an average this year. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Potatoes not so vigorous all over. Turnips promise well, some par- 
 ticularly good fields ; weather too dry where cultivation was indifferent, but fly not so bad as usual. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : Potatoes look very bad almost everywhere ; between bugs and bad 
 seed we do not expect a good crop. Turnips will be fair, mangolds look well, also carrots ; the weather wass 
 favorable here so far. 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Potatoes do not promise an average crop. Turnips, carrots 
 and mangles look first-rate so far, but want rain. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Potatoes are suffering from the drought and bugs, poor prospect for 
 half a crop. Mangels nearly all ploughed up and re-sown with turnips ; turnips early sown are doing well„ 
 those sown after the 20th June have not come up. 
 
 H. McDougall, E. Luther, Dufferin: Potatoes generally good, some seed missed in the spring, probably- 
 being bad at planting ; I notice some of the stalks withering, on examination it is found to be decayed at. 
 the bottom of stalk up to the level of the ground. Turnips are promising a good crop ; neither mangels nor 
 carrots are much grown here but the few that have been planted are in good condition. 
 
 John Seoord, Grantham, Lincoln: The root crops are only doing middling owing to the lack of 
 moisture. The potato bug is doing his work and only for the Pans Green it would destroy the crop. 
 
 D. B. Rittenhouse, Louth, Lincoln : Early potatoes a light crop on account of drought ; late ones 
 promise well. Turnips looking all right but mangels small on account of not coming up well ; carrots doing: 
 well. Roots made a slow growth early in the season on account of cold weather. 
 
 John Ireland, Ancaster, Wentworth : Potatoes do not look generally very promising. The bugs have 
 done great injury and> the dry weather has also had an effect. Turnips are doing very well-when sown before; 
 the ground became dry so that they had an early start. Mangels and carrote very promising. 
 
36 
 
 . TEclwin Balton, Nelson, Haltofl i Roots of all kinds are small owing to drought, but they have come up 
 "well and if the moist weather continues they may be a good crop. 
 
 Jno. Campbell, Chinguacousy, Peel : Potatoes promise a fair crop ; turnips very backward ; mangels 
 have every appearance of a big crop. Not many carrots grown in this section. 
 
 Dr. F. C. Sibbald, Georgina, York : Potatoes very good, but bugs thick as ever, requiring to be sprinkled 
 with Paris Green every week. Turnips, mangels and carrots all looking well. The rain which fell on the 
 14th July and at short intervals since then has greatly improved all crops. 
 
 John Gibson, Markham, York : Bather backward on accoimt of dry weather. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : Potatoes are looking well now but on many farms they did not 
 come up well owing to the drought. Turnips, mangels and carrots are looking well, and promise a large 
 crop providing the latter part of the season is favorable. 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Mara, Ontario : Potatoes look likely to be good. Turnips look well— better than usual ; 
 have not been troubled by fly. Mangels look fine — could scarcely be better. Carrots good if put in early : 
 otherwise not so s'ood on account of dry weather. 
 
 Wm. Jas. Grandy, Man vers, Durham ; Potatoes show a fair prospect ; they were attacked by the 
 Colorado beetle to a large extent, but by the use of Paris Green the crop is kept from being destroyed. The 
 turnip prospect is good ; not much attacked by the fly. Other roots show a good prospect. 
 
 Bobert Hodge, sr., Clarke, Durham : Turnips have seldom or ever looked better ; mangels likewise. 
 Potatoes look pretty bad ; between drought and bugs they have the appearance of beinp" under an average 
 crop. 
 
 John Miller, Haldimand, Northumberland : Boots are all looking very well except in some instances 
 where the potato beetle has been neglected. They are very numerous this year, but Paris green soon clears 
 them out. 
 
 Jas. Boberts, Alnwick, Northumberland : All roots promise fair returns except potatoes, which in 
 some cases are a complete failure owing to drought and bugs. 
 
 James Benson, Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Potatoes are an average crop. Turnips, mangels and 
 carrots not cultivated here very largely, but the few cultivated are fairly up to the average. 
 
 Leonard Wager, Sheffield, Lennox and Addington : Potatoes look well but lots of bugs. Mangels and 
 turnips look extra good. 
 
 Geo. Lott, Bichmond, Lennox and Addington : Potatoes, the principal root crop grown here, are doing 
 well although infested by the common bug. Turnips, mangels and carrots are not much grown in this 
 locality but looking well. 
 
 B. J. Dunlop, Pittsburgh, Frontenac : Potatoes look well but are badly attacked by the bi^ ; they 
 were unusually mentiful this year. Mangels look fairly well ; when late sown the drought set them back ; 
 carrots about the same as mangels. All depends on the autumn weather, whether they will do well or 
 otherwise. 
 
 Thomas Briggs, Kingston, Frontenac : All root crops are in fine condition ; so far there is no appear- 
 ance of injury by insects or otherwise, except the potato bugs, and notwithstanding them the potatoes 
 exposed for sale on the market are of good size, very clean and healthy in appearance. The crop promises 
 to be good. 
 
 Thos. McDowell, South Gower, Grenville : The potato, which is about the only root crop raised in this 
 section, looks well ; some say that their potatoes are beginning to be struck with rust. Slip-shod farmers, 
 as usual, have their potatoes more or less damaged by the irrepressible potato bug. 
 
 S. Edgar, Kitley, Leeds : Boots in good condition ; not injured by the weather or insects. 
 
 Wm. Kyle, Williamsburgh, Dundas : Boots of all kinds promising an abundant yield if no blight 
 overtakes them before matvuity. 
 
 Bobt. Yallance, Osnabruck, Stormont : Potatoes promising ; turnips not raised ; mangels and carrots 
 doing well. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry: Potatoes looked promising until lately, when in many places the 
 tops have become blackened ; supposed to be a blight. The bugs are not worse than usual. Turnips that 
 have escaped the fly look well ; mangels are good in general ; also carrots are good. The fly was hard on 
 turnips and mangels in their early stages. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, W. Hawkesbury, Prescott : Boot crops are looking better than usual in this section ; in 
 fact fully better than they have for several years ; potatoes appear to be wilting in some places ; do not 
 appear very bad. 
 
 Wm. McClintock, E. Hawkesbury, Prescott : Potatoes are the only kind of root crop raised about 
 these parts. The bug gave some trouble, but with Paris green and land plaster we soon disposed of them. 
 I see in several places signs of rust ; the leaves are falling off, and have that strong smell that potatoes have 
 when affected with the rot. 
 
 P. B. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : Potatoes are looking well and all other root crops are doing 
 excellently and do not appear to have suffered any injury from insects or other causes. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : Carrots, mangels and turnips, from present appearance, will be an 
 excellent crop. Potatoes have a good appearance ; we had good new potatoes on the 1st of July, the earliest 
 for many years. 
 
 Jas. Findlay, Westmeath, Benfrew : All roots look better than I have ever seen them. 
 
 John Whelan, Brudenell and Lyndoch, Benfrew : Boot crops of all kinds are looking well, and there is 
 promise of an abundant yield ; no insects or grubs to hurt so far except the potato bug, but this is being 
 successfully fought with Paris green and London purple. 
 
37 
 
 A. F. Stewart, Beckwith, Lanark : Roots of all kinds look remarkably well for this time of year. No 
 mseots except the beetles on potatoes, which appear to be more numerous this year than ever, but Paris 
 green fixes them all right. 
 
 John Westlake, Eldon, Victoria : Turnips good, but mangel-wurzels did not come up well ; what did 
 come up have a fine appeatj^noe. Potatoes good. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : Roots of all kinds are in excellent condition and promise an abundant 
 crop. Carrots and mangels are further advanced than ordinarily at this date; turnips have made an 
 excellent start and promise an extra yield. Potatoes are doing well, but the Colorado potato beetle has 
 flourished beyond all former years and required diligent appUoation of Paris, green to keep them in check. 
 
 Jas. S. Cairnduflf, Harvey, Pelerboro' ; Roots are very promising ; the late rains have saved the crop. 
 Potatoes doing well ; turnips, carrots and mangels are very promising ; the farmers are finding out that it 
 pays to raise them— hence they are going in largely for root crops. 
 
 John Garbutt, Smith, Peterboro' : Potatoes, turnips, mangel-wurzels and carrots are in good condition 
 and promise a good crop. 
 
 Hugh Caldwell, Chandos, Peterboro' : Roots good ; all doing well. Early potatoes good and dry ; 
 some neglected fields were injured by bug. Weather just what was required. 
 
 Chas. R. Stewart, Dysart, etc., Halibnrton : All roots are looking well. Potatoes are looking splendid 
 less bugs than usual ; have not had to use Paris green at all. Turnips very promising. Have carrots in 
 use for the table ; very fine. The weather has been very favorable for all roots. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : Potatoes promise to be a good crop if late rains do not cause them to 
 rot like last year. Turnips, mangel-wurzels and carrots are looking well ; somewhat infested by insects in 
 the early part of the season. At present the weather is uncommonly favorable ; a few more showers will 
 warrant an extra crop. 
 
 J. Early, Chaffey, Muskoka : All kinds of roots are splendid ; no damage by frost ; some little damage 
 to the turnips by the fly. 
 
 FRUIT TREES AND FRUIT. 
 
 The reports as to the prospects of the fruit crop this year are of rather a varying 
 and contradictory character, but unfortunately as to a large portion of the province as 
 well as to several of the leading kinds of fruits the variation is only as to the degree of 
 failure. Though apples are in some localities a good and even an abundant crop, yet 
 taking the province as a whole the yield will apparently be considerably less than an 
 average, and in most places barely sufficient for local consumption. The trees made a 
 very heavy display of blossom, but from some cause not generally assigned the fruit began 
 to drop shortly after it had formed, and in many localities it has continued dropping ever 
 since. Those apples which are likely to arrive at perfection are usually reported small in 
 size, though fairly good in quality. In a few counties the apples are reported to be 
 scabby, spotted or wormy, but these defects do not appear to have produced any general 
 impairment of the quality. In some of the West Midland counties, particularly Middle- 
 sex, Oxford and Perth, frosts in May and June destroyed many of the blossoms and some 
 of the small fruit, and the same cause contributed to reduce the product in some localities 
 along the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers. The presence of the codlin worm is reported 
 occasionally from Essex, Grey, Perth, Huron, Frontenac and Prince Edward (where the 
 prevalence of lice on the leaves is also mentioned), but elsewhere there is no mention of 
 these insects. In accordance with the general contradictoriness of the reports the early 
 varieties are in some localities reported to have made the best escape from the various 
 adverse influences to which the crop was subject, while in adjoining counties the early 
 varieties appear to have been peculiarly liable to them. It is equally difficult to generalize 
 as to localities, for north, south, east and west the general result is pretty much the 
 same — an occasional very promising report, with the remainder describing various degrees 
 of failure. The only remark that can safely be made in this connection is that in the 
 Lake Erie as well as in some of the morfe northerly countjes — where, however, the fruit 
 area is smaller — apples appear to have succeeded better than elsewhere in the province. 
 In the majority of cases the trees are reported healthy, but occasional reports in every 
 part of the province, the newest as well as the oldest, mention that for the last two years 
 apple trees have been dying in large numbers. No cause is generally assigned except in 
 the northerly counties, where it is attributed to reduced vitality owing to the severe 
 winters of recent years. Pears are not a heavy crop in any part of Ontario, and " fair to 
 
38 
 
 middling " is about the best that can be said of their yield this year. They appear to 
 have been subject to blights of one kind and another, and as in the case of apples many 
 trees are reported to have died of late years. "Peaches will be peaches" this 5 ear, so 
 far as the native article is concerned,' for " almost none " and " ve^ scarce " is the laconic 
 description of the crop given by many correspondents, especially in what are distinctively 
 termed the peach growing districts of the province, though the monotony is varied by 
 occasional favorable reports, especially from the Lake Erie counties. The cause of the 
 failCire is apparently unknown, or, at all events, is not assigned by correspondents. It is 
 gratifying to learn that the " yellows " is decreasing in localities where it formerly pre- 
 vailed. Though plums' will be a fair average in some limited localities and in a few an 
 abundant yield, the plum crop of the province this year will be a very small on^. The 
 ravages of the black knot among plum and cherry trees seem to go on unabatedly, and 
 unfortunately in most cases no effort is made to check the spread of the disease. The 
 curculio has also been busy and frosc has done its share, and with so many active, enemies 
 it is little wonder than only occasionally is a good crop of plums reported. Where the 
 cherry trees have escaped the black knot, and fortunately it is much rarer among them 
 than among plum trees, and is reported in some places as disappearing, there has generally 
 been this year an abundant yield, and this is especially true of most parts of western 
 Ontario. In the eastern portion of tlie province the failures are more numerous, owing 
 chiefly to black knot and blights of one kind and another, though in parts of Frontenac 
 they have been largely destroyed by a maggot in the pulp. Grapes are generally reported 
 as looking well, and especially so in those counties in which they are largely grown. 
 Frost has injured them iu some places, but chiefly where they are only cultivated to a 
 small extent by amateurs. Small fruits, and especially strawberries, raspberries and 
 red currants, have been abundant ov(-r nearly the whole province, though drought injured 
 them to some extent by reducing their size. Black currants have proved an exception to 
 the general rule in some places, owing to the presence of a small insect which destroyed 
 the leaves. 
 
 A. W. Cohoe, Rochester, Essex : Fruit trees are healthy, except that the black knot has appeared in a 
 few instances on cherry trees. i"ruit of all kinds is a good crop, though perhaps not quite as large as some 
 former seasons, otherwise a good quality. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : Fruitall looks well ; apples promise a large crop of good quality ; more 
 peaches than for many years past ; plums, very few grown ; no doubt there wiU be abundance of fruit and 
 to spare. 
 
 R. C. Taylor, W. Tilbury, Essex : Apples almost drying on the trees. Pears good, having tap or long 
 centre root, they stand drought better ; a good crop ; the" best I have seen here in twenty-three years ; 
 grapes a fair crop. Other small fruit below medium ; fruit will be scarce, quality not good. 
 
 W. M. Ross, Harwich, Kent : The apple trees are looking well considering the weather ; there will be 
 about half a crop of small apples, no disease. Pears also looking very healthy with no sigus of blight or 
 any other disease ; about half a crop of fair fruit. Peaches and plums are a total failure in this township. 
 Cherries a magnificent crop : grapes splendid appearance with a healthy load of fruit. 
 
 Sam. Russell, Orford, Kent : Apples, pears, peaches and cherries in abundance. The peach crop 
 promises much above the average ; but few plums grown here. Grapes and all small fruit good and 
 plentiful, though the small fruits suffered a little for want of rain toward the end of the season. Peaches 
 are selling at $2 per bushel. 
 
 Robert Cummings, Harwich, Kent : Fruit is giving promise of a full average crop, both in apples and 
 other fruit, especially peaches. Fruit trees are in a healthy condition. 
 
 Jas. Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin ; Apple trees look healthy and there is a promise of a good crop but 
 not nearly the crop that was looked for from the blossom show in spring ; pears ditto | peaches none ; plums 
 a few ; cherries plentiful ; small fruits plentiful. There is a sufSciency of all kinds of fruit and of good 
 quality. > 
 
 J Robinson, Southwold, Elgin: Apples an average crop; pears .not many grown: peaches a failure ; 
 plums and cherries are becoming badly affected with the black knot ; cherries were plentiful ; plenty of 
 small fruit. 
 
 John Ha-'gan, Malahide, Elgin : In some localities, a blight appeared among apple trees in the month 
 of June a number that blossomed and looked well, suddenly withered and died without any apparent 
 cause. The blight appeared only to afftot a few trees in the orchard ; the rest looking very thrifty. 
 
 John Machon, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Apples good crop, not much grown hereabouts ; peaches total 
 failure ; plums not generally grown hereabouts ; cherries, grapes and all small fruits m abundance and ot 
 
39 
 
 very good quality ; strawberries as low as three cents a basket ; raspberries four cents per quart ; cherrie 
 three cents per quart, in fact large quantities have been left on the trees. The apple trees are getting mor 
 or less affected by some kind of blight, some of the limbs dying, commencing at the ends. 
 
 John Senn, Oneida, Haldimand : Trees look well but not much fruit. Pears, peaches and plums not 
 very heavily loaded ; they were winter-killed. The black knot badly injured the plums and cherries ; 
 grapes promise an abundant crop, small fruit plentiful. There is a sufficiency of fruit and of fair quality. 
 
 J. R. Martin, N. Cayuga, Haldimand : Apple trees healthy, crop very light ; pears the same ; peaches 
 none ; plums nearly an average crop ; cherries injured by insects, except the native red ; grapes quite 
 promismg, small fruit very good. There will be a sufficiency of apples and plums, few pears ana no 
 Reaches. 
 
 C. Riselay, Bertie, Welland : Fruit trees are looking well generally ; apple and pear crop will be about 
 an average : no peaches and very few plums. Cherries and grapes about an average crop ; other small fruits 
 plentiful. There is likely to be a sufficiency of fruit of fairly good quality. 
 
 G. E. Robertson, Wainfleet, Welland : Apples below an average crop ; other fruits are not plentiful ; 
 peaches very scarce. 
 
 Robert Fleck, Moore, Lambton : The condition of fruit trees has been affected by the dry weather. 
 Apples are small : pears are better ; hardly any peaches cultivated,; the same remark applies to plums: 
 cherry crop a failure : not many grapes cultivated and what there are are hurt by a spring frost. 
 
 W. 6. Willoughby, Brooke, Lambton : Apples promise well, but not as abundant a crop as 1885, and 
 just as well too. The pear trees are not as well loaded as last year ; peaches a thing of the past with me, 
 trees too tender and short lived ; plums none ; cherries a good crop ; grapes, currants, &o., hurt by spring 
 frost. 
 
 J. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : We are passing through an unusually dry season for this part of 
 Ontario, and it is affecting fruits to some extent. Apples bloomed freely, but much of the young fruit is 
 dropping off, the trees appear thrifty. Pears and peaches are a failure here ; cherries were plentiful, and 
 grapes promise tolerably well. Currants and berries are a fair crop. There will be about enough fruit for 
 local consumption. 
 
 A. A. Meyers, Sombra, Lambton : Apples have every appearance of being a large crop and of good 
 •quality ; the trees are in a very thrifty condition ; pears look well ; there are no peaches ; plums are a fair 
 crop but somewhat affected by curculio ; cherries very plentiful ; grapes and other small fruit are a rather 
 light crop. 
 
 Jno. Varcoe, Colbome, Huron : All kinds of fruit trees are looking healthy and the promise of fruit is 
 -very fair. The apple crop will be an average one, especially of good winter varieties ; pears are rather a 
 light crop ; the blight has destroyed a good many trees the last two years ; the peach is a complete failure, 
 trees nearly all dead, killed during the past two winters ; plums will be a very light crop ; cherries h^ve 
 been an excellent crop this year ; grapes will be an average crop : small fruits have all been good this year. 
 
 H. Doupe, Usborne, Huron : There will be a very poor crop of apples this year, after the bountiful 
 prospects shown on the trees when in bloom last May ; scarcely enough for the use of the family. Very 
 few pears are grown ; no peaches, plums or cherries, except the ungrafted kind. 
 
 G. E. CresBwell, Tuckersmith, Huron: Apple trees look healthy ; rather less than an average crop. Pears 
 look healthy ; about an average crop. Peach and plum trees are badly affected by black knot and curculio, 
 few grown however ; from above causes, crop will be very poor. Cherries have been injured to a large extent 
 by an aphis causing the leaf to curl up and the fruit to shrivel, the aphis being similar in appearance to 
 that which attacked the Snowball tree or Guelder rose. Grapes injured by early frost ; however a new crop 
 •of leaves and fruit has set in. Small fruits abundant crop ; plenty for home consumption ; quality fair. 
 
 Alex. McD. Allan, Goderich, Huron : The prospect is for a large crop of apples, considerably over the 
 average : late frost, however, had the effect of spotting the fruit to some extent. Snow apples will lUcely 
 be badly damaged by fungus spotting this season. Pears will be a large crop ; no peaches grown here, 
 excepting a few by mere amateurs ; the crop being so uncertain does not pay, and growers have gone out 
 of the cintivation of peaches. , Plums will be fully as large a crop as last year, possibly larger. Cherries 
 bloomed very heavUy and set well, but many complain that the entire crop of the finer kinds has been 
 destroyed by a small louse or aphis shortly after the fruit set. It did not affect the Ear^ Richmond or May 
 Duke i I had it on the others and it 'seemed to be worst on the Black Eagle, E«ine Hortense and Elton, 
 but I got rid of it easUy by syringing the affected parts with water and carbolic acid, (a couple of table- 
 spoonsful to a pail of water), and now! am gathering the finest crop of cherries of all kinds I ever grew, 
 both in quantity and quality. Grapes are a full average crop along the lake shore but inland they were 
 cut off in many sections just as the bloom appeared. As usual there is a large crop, of all small fruts 
 There is a large overplus of apples for export ; the crop of pears, plums and cherries is more than enough 
 for home consumption, and the quality of all fruits is good. The plum curculio is evidently diy earing 
 but the codlin moth is about as abundant as ever : if growers would umte m action agamst such enemies 
 they would be comparatively easily overcome. I iad to destroy robins and cherry birds to save my crop of 
 cherries ; they are worse enemies to the cherry-grower than the curculio to the plum-grower. 
 
 J B Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce : I have been considerably round this section of country and observef a 
 great deal of decay among fruit trees. Orchards of about twenty-five years' standmg are sliowmg marked 
 signs of decay ; I believe it is caused by the extreme frost. 
 
 Benjamin Shirreff, Amabel, Bruce : Fruit of aU kinds injured by spring frosts. Prospects at present 
 enough for-home use ; not much more. Free of insects as far as 1 know. 
 
 A Stephen Sullivan, Grey : The fruit crop will not come up to expectations ; a large number of trees 
 that indiSed a heavy yikdw^ have no fruit, and a great many apple trees have died smce they shed 
 theL blossom More apple trees have died in the past two years than in_ all the time since orchards were 
 firsl planteTout in this^ocality ; plum trees nearly all dead ; cherries a fair crop. There will be a sufficient 
 quantity of apples for home consumption. 
 
40 
 
 John Mackenzie, Sarawak, Grey : Apples generally are a light crop ; great profusion of blossom but 
 young fruit fell off about fifty per cent, of crop. Pears good yield, one hundred per cent. Peaches are not 
 a success every year here ; trees only just recovering from frosts of winter of 1884-85. Plums are small 
 crop ; cherries good large crop ; small fruits plentiful. There will be plenty of fruit for home use and some 
 small quantity of apples and plums to ship. 
 
 Angus Bell, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Trees are generally healthy, except the plum which many farmers 
 had to cut down on account of the black knot. The apple crop may be said to be abundant and of good 
 quality. All small fruit yielded abundantly. 
 
 Geo. Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : There will be a fairly good apple crop, but not so large as last year. 
 Late frosts killed pear and plum blossoms ; none left. Only a poor- crop of cherries. Small fruits have 
 yielded a good crop, but not so large as last year. There will be a scarcity of plums and pears but plenty 
 of apples. 
 
 R. A. Brown, W. Nissouri, Middlesex : Fruit trees are in excellent condition, abundance of fruit but 
 will be the smallest size they nave been for years ; they don't seem to grow but shrivel up and ripen 
 prematurely ; they want rain. This applies to all fruit. 
 
 Richard .Tolliffe, N, Dorchester, Middlesex : There is an abundance of apples | cherries, where the 
 black knot is cut off, are also good ; likewise small fruits. Apple trees, from some cause, continue to die. ' 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : Apples promised an abundant crop last spring, but a great deal of 
 the fruit has dropped off ; trees are in a healthy condition. English cherries have become obsolete ; trees 
 that bore a few years ago now refuse ; common cherries are much affected by black knot or something 
 similar. Few grapes ; injured by June frost ; raspberries half a crop, on account of drought. 
 
 Thomas A. Good, Brantf ord. Brant : Apples will be a very poor crop ; most of them fell off when they 
 were about the size of marbles ; pears will be about an average crop, and 1 don't think there is a peach in 
 the county. Plums are better than the last few years and cherries also ; cherry trees seem to be getting 
 over the black knot and promise to do well again. Grapes are also good and small fruits very plentiful. I 
 think all the apples and pears will be wanted for local use. 
 
 Fred. Axon, Onondaga, Brant : A great amount of blossom, but fruit has mostly fallen off. There will 
 be a scarcity of fruit of ^1 kinds. 
 
 C. Jarvis, Brantf ord. Brant : I can only treat of fruit in this section and will begin with cherries. The 
 black insect has been destructive to many trees and killed some of mine at any rate. A flourishing 
 beginning, the fruit half grown when the pest struck the tip of every branch and it is quite dead. In 
 another the cherries were abundant ; fruit. Black Heart, but growth retarded ; the cherries though black 
 have but little flavor and only two-thirds their normal size, others not so bad but struck ; none of the 
 common injured. Apples, I should judge, to be rather below average ; pears fair supply but far less than 
 the blossoms indicated ; peaches, none ; plums, a good crop but much diminished by the curculio and 
 Moore's Arctic was no exception. Grapes quite abundant though not well set ; bunches will be small, not 
 so the berry, which is filling out well. Black currants struck for the first time and leaves turned almost 
 black, the berry will ripen but remain small, and I think not of full flavor. On the whole, we are not 
 badly off for fruit. The black knot in plums and cherries (common) is hard to subdue ; though I have cut 
 
 it off close twice a year it has beaten me and they are nearly dead ; I shall grub two of them up. P.S. — 
 
 Since writing the above the severe hail storm has damaged the grapes very much ; one-third of the berries 
 on many bunches split open, and are now red and dried up ; however, there are plenty left. 
 
 R. Francis, FuUarton, Perth : Fruit is not plentiful ; cherries were good ; apples not so good as last 
 year but sufficient for home use. Apple trees seem to be suffering ; the leaves are withering away and don't 
 look healthy. 
 
 Robert Beatty, Blanshard, Perth : Fruit is not very promising ; it will be below the average, both in 
 quantity and quality. There will be sufficient for home use but not much for shipping. 
 
 Charles Nicklin, Pilkington, Wellington : Apples are now the only fruit of any account we have in 
 this part, black knot having destroyed plums and cherries. Gooseberries and currants have fruited well 
 this season^ stUl there is not a sufficiency, simply because farmers have not given sufficient attention to 
 their culture yet. They are on the increase and will have to take the place of cherries and plums. 
 
 W. Brown, GueTph, Wellington : Apples and pears promise a gpod crop ; grapes and small fruit also 
 profuse. A full sufficiency of fruit of good quality. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : Fruit trees all suffering more or less from drought. Apples will be 
 below the average ; quality inferior ; pears, very few trees in this locality ; peaches, none ; cherries, a good, 
 crop from the trees that are left ; smsill fruit a good crop, equal to the demand. Altogether the fruit will 
 not be equal to the demand in this locality. 
 
 John Cornelius^ E. Garafraxa, Dufferiu : Fruit trees look well. This is not a goot fruit growing part, 
 apples being the principal kind. There seems to be a larger crop this year but not enough for local demand ; 
 cherries ana plums killed with the black knot. I think grapes would do well here but they are not grown. 
 
 W. B. Rittenhouse, Clinton, Lincoln : Apples will only be a medium crop ; trees in good condition ; 
 pear trees in bad condition generally , crop below average. Peach trees looking bad ; many dead ; no fruit 
 this season ; plum trees in fair condition, medium crop ; cherries, common trees in very good condition 
 while fancy kinds are not ; crop generally was good j grapes good condition and promise well. Small fruit 
 very plentiful. 'There is a sufficiency of fruit ; quality fair. 
 
 Frank Wyatt, Louth, Lincoln : Good crop of small fruits ; no peaches. A light crop of apples, of 
 small size and poor quality. 
 
 Joseph Snasdell, W. Flamboro', Wentworth : about half a crop of apples ; very much injured by scrub 
 or blotches ; would like to know the cause. Some of the trees are dying. I examined them and find the 
 trunk or bark of the trunk below the ground decayed ; in fact it has left the wood. Pears an average crop 
 
41 
 
 of good quality ; peaches, none ; plums, eood. I do not use anything to kill insects except salt around the 
 trees. Some used Paris green and scorched their trees. Cherries, very few ; almost all the common kinds, 
 are dead. English ones begin to be diseased. Send or let us know a remedy. 
 
 Daniel McLaren, Nelson, Halton : A good many apjjle trees are dying and others looking bilious. I 
 do not know the cause nor have I Jieard any assigned for it. Apples will be scarce and of inferior quality ;. 
 indeed the whole fruit crop, both in quantity and quality, will be below average. 
 
 John Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The prospects for fruit are better than last year. There are 
 quite a number of apples on the trees at present, and the trees appear to be healthy and thriving well. 
 Pears are an average crop ; no peaches grown. Pluma, a failure owing to the black knot and curculio. No 
 cherries owing to the black knot which has taken possession of the trees. Scarcely any grapes grown ; any 
 amount of small fruit. There will be plenty of apples, but some of them are badly covered with black 
 marks. 
 
 Wm, Kersey, Toronto Gore, Peel : There will be a scarcity of frait. Apples and plums are very thin 
 on the trees, and have a dry, stunted appearance. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobicoke, York : Apples are a complete failure on young trees ; some old ones are well 
 fruited, but the trees are badly injured by some blight on the leaves, and also by the bark louse. Of apples- 
 there will be a scarcity ; also of plums and pears. Cherries, sufficient ; grapes, a good crop ; peaches, iione. 
 
 E. Hodges, W. Whitby, Ontario : The fruit crop is a very light one, and apple trees in old orchards are 
 dying in p[reat numbers. Small fruit is a fair crop. There will be a scarcity of fruit, but what is left is of 
 fair quahty. 
 
 Bobt. Hodge, sr., Clarke, Durham : Apples are going to be a short crop in this township. The young 
 fruit dropped off in large quantities. Raspberries and strawberries were very good ; plums very scarce ;. 
 cherries a fair, moderate crop ; pears a short crop. 
 
 James McLean, Cavan, Durham : Apples, very poor crop ; plums, a total failure ; pears, a light crop ;. 
 small fruits a failure. 
 
 Piatt Hinman, Haldimand, NorthumberKnd : Fruit trees seem healthy, but trees that were filled with 
 blossoms are almost destitute of fruit. Apples, scarce and some commencmg to crack ; pears, a very light- 
 crop ; peaches, none ; plums, but few. The curculio has been bad ; cherries, most trees black-knotted, a. 
 very light crop ; grapes, fair promise, vines lookiiig well. Have seen a little mildew. 
 
 Edward Roblin, -Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Apples, very light— prospects poor ; no plums, cherries 
 or gages. Fruit, in comparison with last year, is very poor, but a sufficiency .for home consumption, with a 
 litfle for shipment. 
 
 A. J. File, M.D., Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Fruit trees are acquiring a good growth but th& 
 fruit is very deficient. Of apples it is thought there will be very few suitable for export ; very few pears,. 
 and I might say no plums or cherries. Many plum trees are dying. Small fruits were more plentiful, but 
 not a full crop except strawberries, which were abundant. There will probably be sufficient apples to supply 
 the local demand, but of poor quality owing to codlin moth and black spots. 
 
 Geo. Lott, Richmond, Lennox and Addington: Apple trees are in fine condition and the crop is 
 an abundant one. The pear is little grown ; peaches, none grown. The condition and promise of the plum 
 is good ; cherries, little grown and those very poor ; grapes, poor ; an abundant crop of small fruit. There 
 will be a plentiful supply of fruit of a good quality. 
 
 Robt. Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Apples not as plentiful as last year, still a fair crop. No plums- 
 trees all down with the black knot ; no cherries ; small fruit plentiful. 
 
 John Elkington, M.D., Palmerston, Frontenac : Plums destroyed by an insect which laid its eggs in the 
 blossom ; the calyx then developed enormously— to the size of a bantam's egg, and then dropped off. Apples 
 withered with the long drought and high, hot vrinds, and subsequently fell off to a large extent. 
 
 A. Farkness, Matilda, Dundas : Fruit trees are looking well, but apples, the principle fruit crop, are 
 not very abundant, and the Fameuse are spotted, i.e., covered with black spots or scabs, making the quahty - 
 poor. Small -fruits were very abundant and of good quality. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : Apples being the principal fruit here, are looking well, and to all 
 appearance there will be a fair average crop. Plums looked well until they formed, but the cold wmds 
 mined them, consequently there will.be a light crop. 
 
 Wm. McClintock, E. Hawkesbury, Prescott : Apples and plums are the only kinds of large fruit raised 
 here. There appears to be an average amount of fruit on the trees but of smaller size than usual. In 
 jw/ssin^ through the country I see a number of trees with withered limbs as if they had been struck by ■ 
 lightnmg. 
 
 P. E. Bucke, Ottawa, Carleton : The yield of fruit as a rule has been good, but the promise of a large- 
 yield in grapes will not be realised, many varieties not having set half a crop whilst others are well loaded. 
 Trees and vines are in fine condition and insect pest not so persistent as usual. Early apples will be a tair 
 crop where grown. July was cold, and the advance made in crops by the early, warm spring weather has 
 not been sustained, so that on the whole the season about keeps pace with the average for ripening purposes. 
 There will, as usual, be a scarcity of winter apples. The grape crop will be short of the demands ; many 
 vinyardists here are going into the manufacture of wine. 
 
 Isaac* Wilson, March, Carleton : Large fruits scarce j smaU fruits plentiful ; trees healthy. 
 
 Jno. Carter, Brougham, Renfrew : Fruit and fruit trees look well ; according to present promises we will 
 have a good supply this year unless some unforeseen misfortune crops up. 
 
 John H. Eraser, Drummond, Lanark : Fruit and fruit trees in some localities look well ; others complain 
 of plums and apples being spotted and rotting. Grapes good ; other kinds not much grown. I think there • 
 wiU be sufficient. 
 
42 
 
 A. F. Stewart, Beokwith, Lanark : Apples and plums are, generally speaking, all that are grown in 
 "this locality. A fair average crop ; sufficient for home use. 
 
 Jno. Campbell, jr., Mariposa, Victoria: Apples, a light crop expected; very little other large fruit 
 :grown here ; small fruit abundant. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro' : This has been a very poor fruit year; fruit of all kinds will be 
 . scarce in this section. 
 
 Chas. B. Stewart, Dysart, etc., Haliburton : Can't say anything about fruit. My a.pple trees have been 
 -a beastly failure ; I am disgusted and disgruntled with the whole affair. 
 
 C. Kobertson, Cardwell, Muskoka : Fruit trees are dying in this township where they have had the best 
 ■ of care. Small fruits do very well ; there has been a good crop. 
 
 J. M. Ansley, McDougall, Parry Sound : The severity of the winters here annually destroys many of 
 the fruit trees of all kinds. There is a great deficiency of all kinds throughout the district and they must 
 ibe imported annually. 
 
 HAY AND CLOVER. 
 
 The crop of hay and clover this year falls considerably below the average, being 
 'lighter, in fact, than it has been for some years. The average yield all over the province 
 is about one and one-third tons to the acre. The principal cause of the shortage was the 
 -severe droughts that prevailed in May and June, liut this was aided very much by frosts 
 ■both in winter and spring. Over the greater portion of the western counties, and 
 especially in the south-west, the clover suflFered a good deal in the winter, one Essex 
 •correspondent mentioning the fact that in meadows of one year's seeding the plants were 
 heaved by the frost — a very unusual circumstance. In the extreme east, again, winter- 
 killing is frequently complained of, many of the older timothy meadows having been 
 •ruined by exposure to frost and by the formation of ice in low places. In Simcoe and the 
 Lake Ontario counties there was also considerable injury from this source, but not so 
 great as in other districts. With the summer came drought, and in consequence the plants 
 that the winter had spared were stunted to a greater or less extent. Cold weather in 
 May, culminating in frost in most of the counties, further retarded growth, so that only 
 a limited time was left for the crop to make up its deficiency. This it has done to a 
 greater extent than most of the farmers at one time anticipated, and on the whole they 
 seem to be fairly satisfied with the season's results. The great bulk of the hay crop was 
 ;saved in very fine condition. All over the west there was scarcely a shower worthy of 
 notice during haying time, and the crop will thus in some measure make up in quality for 
 what it lacks in quantity. In the central portion of the province there was a rainy week 
 ■about the middle of July, which damaged a part of the hay, but by far the greater portion 
 was gathered in, in fine condition. In the most easterly counties the rain which conferred 
 so much benefit on other crops was disastrous for this one, and probably the greater part 
 of it was damaged. A large number of the correspondents, covering nearly the whole 
 area of the province, mention the presence of the joint- worm in the grasses, especially 
 timothy and speargrass, but its ravages were not very serious. The clover seed crop is 
 apparently a general failure in the west, owing chiefly to the drought, in the central 
 •counties it is much more successful, promising a very fair yield. In nearly all districts 
 there is much less complaint of the midge than formerly. The Alsike clover is generally 
 . good, and makes a better showing for seed than the red. 
 
 Wm. Millen, Gosfield, Essex : Hay crop first class, -with a few exceptions. Drought made the crop 
 : shorter than usual, and it did not thicken. Winter frosts heaved new clover meadows, a thing rarely known 
 here. Condition could not be better, excepting a single shower on clover early. The seed crop is very short 
 on account of the drought ; otherwise fair. 
 
 Henry Botsf ord, Maiden, Essex : Hay crop good ; injured some by drought ; weather favorable ; 
 i secured in good condition. Prospects for seed clover are poor on account of drou^t. Meadow and pasture 
 . grasses have Ipeen ripened prematurely to a great extent by the drought. 
 
43 
 
 F. B. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : Quality very fair. Drought has made the hay very light. Frost had 
 thrown up nearly a half of the clover roots. What remained has turned out well. The weather was 
 heantiful and the crop well secured. There is a good prospect for clover seed. 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : Clover was good, but the frost hurt it to a considerable extent. Most 
 ■of the hay was got in in splendid condition. Many cut early and the prospect is good for seed. 
 
 W. C. Fletcher, Tilbury East, Kent : Quality good. Hay light ; vrill be about half a crop. Drought 
 shortened the crop. Winter frosts injured clover over one year old. The weather for harvesting was 
 excellent. Prospects for clover seed poor, no growth. Red-top and blue grass showed more or less of prema- 
 ture ripening ; cause, joint worm. 
 
 L. M. Brown, South Dorchester, Elgin : Newly-seeded mixed timothy and clover a heavy crop, mostly 
 .secured in good condition. Old timothy rather light but well secured. The midge has about stopped the 
 raising of clover seed in this section. 
 
 D. McKlUop, Aldboro', Elgin : Quality cannot be excelled but the yield is below the average. The crop 
 was seriously affected by drought. Secured in good condition. Seed clover is not very promising. 
 
 Chas. Chute, Malahide, Elgin : Quality good ; crop rather light ; good haying weather. Clover seed \, 
 •crop is the^st in several years. The fields look red with blossoms, which they have not done before since ^ 
 the advent of the midge. Some spear grass ripened prematurely because of an insect in the upper joint. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Last year's seeding is very good. Old clover was badly killed 
 by the winter frosts. The weather was fine and the crop secured in good condition. Very little seed is 
 grown in this vicinity. 
 
 A. Gilbert, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Quality good ; no injury. Those who commenced early had some 1^ 
 hay wet, but most of the crop was secured without rain. On early meadows the prospect for seed is good, 
 
 but late crops are damaged by midge. 
 
 V. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand: Quality excellent. Old clover slightly injured by winter [/ 
 frost; no injury by droueht. Very little rain ; hay secured in splendid condition. Alsike seed good ; red 
 ■clover partially injured by midge. 
 
 Joseph Mumby, Moulton, Haldimand : Quality good ; the crop injured some by drought. Weather fine 
 -and the crop secured in good condition. Alsike seed good ; red clover injured by midge. Blue grass and 
 timothy were injured by something, but I do not know what. 
 
 John Senn, Oneida, Haldimand : Fine quality, not very heavy ; no injury in this section, very poor 
 prospect for seed. An insect in timothy at the first or second joint injured it considerably. 
 
 Peter Metier, Pelham, Welland : Quality good. I think both frost and drought injured it. Seed pros- 
 pect rather poor. I have noticed premature ripening of grasses, and attribute it to the severe frost and the 
 •drought afterwards. 
 
 John Wilson, Thorold, Welland : Quality good ; quantity medium. Frost did not affect it but the 
 ■drought did. Prospect for seed, good. 
 
 D. Schooley, Bertie, WeUand : Frost and drought injured the clover some, and so the crop is a little 
 light. Seed crops are apparently good where pastured till the 10th of June. In one field of spear grass 
 several large spots dried up. I did not examine the cause. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Samia, Lambton ; Quality first-class ; crop shorter. Seed poor ; I think there is a good t, 
 ■deal of midge in it. I have observed a good many stalks of timothy white before cutting time, caused by a '^ 
 small worm in the joint. 
 
 Michael EUerker, Warwick, Lambton : The quality of the haj; and clover crop is very good. The crop 
 was slightly affected by drought. The weather for haying operations was all that could be desired. The 
 •extremely dry weather has entirely destroyed the prospect of the seed clover crop. 
 
 W.Mowbray, Moore, Lambton : Quality excellent. Frost did not hurt it, but the weather was too dry 
 •and the crop was light. Too dry for seed ; no growth ; will not cut mine. Red clover had very httle 
 blossom. 
 
 J. H. Patterson, Dawn, Lambton : Frost and drought reduced the crop about 50 per cent. Seed poor 
 at present, owing to dry weather. Have noticed premature ripening of blue grass and timothy for several 
 years, and it seems to be increasing ; cause, a minute joint worm. 
 
 John Anderson, East Wawanosh; Huron : Old meadows light : new seeding good. Timothy was hurt 
 somewhat by frost in the spring. Hay was saved in very good condition. 
 
 Wm. Spence, Grey, Huron : Quality is very good, but there was a light crop, on account of dry weather. 
 The prospect in this part for clover seed is poor. 
 
 G. W. Holman, Usborne, Huron : Crop not more than two-thirds ; weather very dry ; frost did con- 
 siderable damage. Hay was secured in most excellent condition. The seed crop of clover is not very good. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Hay crop generally light but saved in good condition. It made a good 
 •start early in spring, but the weather was wet and cold till June, then dry and cold till haymg, so that the 
 hay made little growth. Prospects for clover seed excellent where pastured. 
 
 John Herriot, Elderslie, Bruce : Clover a good crop. , Timothy light; hurt by frosts in spring. Timothy 
 •and speargrass ripened prematurely ; but I do not know the cause. 
 
 J^ B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce: Quality middling. A great deal was kUled out last winter-not 
 heaved by frost, but rotted. The haying season was a very fine one, and a great deal was secured m nne 
 condition. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : Quality is all that could be wished. A fine start was made at the opening 
 of spring, but colder weather with frost set in, which made the hay crop comparatively short, and a dry 
 
44. 
 
 spell as it was heading out reduced the bulk considerably. Aftermath looks very poor ; not sufficient rain . 
 to give it a good start. 
 
 Wm. Milne, Osprey, Grey : Quality good. Some meadows were light through dry weather, and others, 
 (in places) through frost. The crop was saved in good condition, except what was out in one heavy shower. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : An average crop in this township. In some localities the frost damaged; 
 timothy in low lands, and on high, light lands the drought hurt old meadows. 
 
 S. Damude, Artemesia, Grey : Fair crop both in quality and quantity. Drought in June and coldi 
 weather, tending to frost, shortened it considerably, but later rains and warm weather have given us a fair 
 average. On the whole it was well saved. No second crop for seed grown here ; the nights are too cold. 
 
 John Morice, Normanby, Grey : Timothy excellent quality. Clover not so good, being pinched by the 
 June frosts and the drought afterwards. Secured in fine condition. No seed clover grown here. I uav^- 
 not observed premature ripening unless in the spear grass, which was cut by an insect at the first joint. 
 
 Jasper Martin, Medonte, Simcoe : Fair quality. Drought checked the growth, but the rains brought ifc 
 forward again, and it will be a good average crop. The weather delayed haying considerably, but did not 
 injure the quality much, 
 
 Angus Bell, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : The quality of the hay crop is fair. The long drought which pre- 
 vailed in the month of June had the effect of causing many old mesidows to be turned into pasture fields. 
 The weather was showery, but on the whole the crop was secured in good condition. There is no attempt, 
 here to raise any clover seed, 
 
 J. K. Irving, Innisfil, Simcoe : Quality good. Hurt by drought and frost. The weather was all that, 
 could be desired, and hay was saved in splendid condition, 
 
 W. W, Colwell, Essa, Simcoe : Quality good, but deficient in quality, Cloyer was winter-killed, Th& 
 bottom of the crop was thin, although the timothy was a good lengtn and much improved after the rains, 
 
 s James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : Quality good ; less midge. The drought shortened it very- 
 
 nearly one half ; the frost did very little damage. The weather was excellent throughout, and the crop- 
 secured in first-class condition. The dry weather has hindered the growth of seed clover, but there is less- 
 midge than usual, and the showery weather now will do it good. There is not one-tenth as much grown as. 
 formerly, t 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : The quality is all thait could be desired ; could not be better. 
 The drought had a very injurious effect. Hay and clover are very light and will not average much over 
 half a crop. The crop was saved in prime condition. Owing to the long drought there has been h'ttle or 
 no second growth of clover for seed. 
 
 *i Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Hay is of excellent quality, though only about three-fourths of a. 
 crop. May and June frosts, followed by the drought, had the effect of reducing the quantity, but did not 
 hurt the quality of the crop. The prospect for seed clover is very poor, both on account of the midge and 
 the scorching of the pastures. 
 
 John F. Tribe, Dereham, Oxford : Hay crop good ; the best iii ten years. Average, two tons per acre ;: 
 and was saved in first-class order. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant ; Haying began June 28th. Fine weather continued throughout, many- 
 securing the crop without a drop of rain, so what is deficient in quantity will be made up in quality. Old 
 meadows were badly winter-killed. White clover has ripened well, from 120 to 140 grains being taken from, 
 single heads. Red clover pastured up to June 10th promises well for seed. 
 
 D. Stewart, North Easthope, Perth : Quality good. Both drought and cold had the effect of lessening 
 the crop a good deal, but it pulled up well the last |wo or three weeks before cutting. 
 
 Thomas Page, Wallace, Perth: Hay and clover generally light; affected by frost. Some fields of 
 timothy were what might be called only half a crop from this cause. Drought was not very injurious. 
 
 William Rae, Pilkington, Wellington : Hay an average crop ; considerably injured by drought. Crop 
 in most oases secured in good condition. No clover for seed grown in this section. 
 
 J. Connell, Minto, Wellington : Drought and frost affected hay very much ; not half an average in 
 many places. Crop secured in good condition. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : The quality of hay is number one. We had no rain while haying. 
 Frost had no effect on the hay crop, and drought very little. Clover was short. No prospect for clover 
 seed on account of drought. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Very good and well secured. Prospects for seed crop of 
 clover are very slight, but very little is cut for seed, as our farmers prefer feeding it oft the ground. 
 
 George Bailey, Melancthon, Dufferin : About half a, crop, but good. Drought and frost checked the- 
 growth. Haying weather was good. 
 
 W. Dynes, Mono, Dufferin: Hay, in general, light. About half of it well saved;. the rest badly- 
 damaged. No second crop of clover in this locality. 
 
 D. B. Rittenhouse, Louth, Lincoln : Quality good ; no injury by drought or frost. We had the best- 
 of weather for haying, and the crop was secured in the best condition. I think the seed clover will be 
 ruined by insects. 
 
 A. H. Pettit, North Grimsby, Lincoln : Good quality. The frost injured the clover meadows, but new 
 seeding was good. The crop was housed in fine condition. Seed clover very light on account of dry weather, 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfieet, Wentworth : Clover where not frozen out was a good sample for feed, though 
 perhaps too light a crop on high and dry land. Large red is an excellent crop. Old meadows were very 
 light, though good hay. Good weather for haying ; not much chance for seed. 
 
45 
 
 Robert Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : Quality first-class, but light crop. Drought and frost had 
 some effect. Haying weather the best, not a shower. 
 
 John OMneron, Nassagaweya, Halton ; The new meadows were very good ; the clover came out in 
 Woom, which it had not done for two years before. The old meadows were short because of the drought in 
 June. The hay is secured in excellent condition. The young clover is alive, but very weak compared with 
 last year. Red-top and speargrass appeared to be affected, the latter by an insect at the joint. 
 
 Peter MoLeod, Chinguacousy, Peel : Hay crop was good. Clover was excellent, except on low lands 
 ■where it was wmter-kiUed through the formation of ice. The crop was secured in first-class condition' 
 ■There is little or no red clover grown for seed. Alsike is grovro extensively, and has been an excellent crop' 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : Quality excellent. It was not affected by either drought or frost! 
 The best haying weather I can recollect in 40 years. Seed clover is thin. 
 
 Thomas Scott, North Gwillimbury, York : Hay crop was U^ht, hurt by the drought in June. I think 
 .a hot week in April followed by cold weather also hurt it considerably, especially cwver. The crop was 
 secured in pretty good condition. I have 26 acres of red clover for seed and looks well, as does red clover 
 All through the township, where there is considerable. 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Quality, medium. Frost destroyed most of the clover, but 
 timothy was about an average crop. Early cut hay was well secured. Wet weather from the 14th to the 
 18th July did considerable damage. Hay crop after the 18th is well secured. Alsike clover good ; red 
 nearly a total failure. 
 
 Peter S. Gibson, York, York : New meadows good ; old, bad. Part of the crop was injured by rain. 
 Red clover blossomed this year better than for many years. Many have red clover seed this year on the 
 '.second crop. The clover midge has heretofore hurt the crop. 
 
 Alex. McGregor, Reach, Ontario : Quality of the crop for the greater part good. The cold winds and 
 irost in the spring injured the old meadows, and they were very light. New meadows were good. Wet 
 weather in the middle of haying caused nearly .a week's delay. AU that was secured before and after that 
 was good. Good prospect for seed clover. 
 
 Lafayette AVeller, Scott, Ontario : Old clover was killed by frost. New seeding good. Early cut hay 
 was secured in the best condition ; later cut was badly injured by rain, Alsike clover is good ; red clover 
 is not much grown, owing to midge and freezing out. 
 
 James McLean, Cavan, Durham : Hay and clover crop very good, and secured in good condition. Good 
 prospect for seed clover. 
 
 Wm. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Quality good ; no injury by frost or drought. One week of wet 
 weather in the midst of haying operations injured a large quantity of hay. Clover for seed is good. Joint 
 worm in timothy and red-top rij)ened, some prematurely, but to no great extent. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Quality of crop poor ; drought in June being the apparent cause. 
 'The weather was very unfavorable for haying operations, and in consequence hay was not secured in a good 
 condition. Prospect for seed clover is good. 
 
 John Williams, Hamilton, Northumberland : Quality good, but slightly damaged by drought or frost. 
 All that was saved before the 14th July was in splendid condition, and I should think two-thirds was saved 
 in good condition. The week of rain that followed seriously injured both clover and timothy, 
 
 James Roberts, Alnwick, Northumberland : Quality very fair. Drought materially lessened the 
 ■jiuality. Not affected by frost. The first cut was saved in fine condition, but not so the last. Seed clover 
 is almost a failure on account of drought. 
 
 W. A. Hendrick, Murray, Northumberland : Clover is a very good crop in general, as well as timothy. 
 Frost hurt them some in the fore part of the season, and drought in the latter. Most of the clover was 
 harvested rather poorly on account of rain, being cut early for the sake of the second crop. The latter has 
 ■a good prospect. 
 
 Nelson Rose, North Marysburgh, Prince Edward : Quality very good. Frost did little harm, but 
 drought did considerable. Weather for haying was mostly good, and the crop was saved in good condition. 
 The first crop of clover was full of seed, but very little was saved. The second Qrop is starting nicely. 
 
 James Benson, Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Clover is of good quality. The cold, backward spring 
 retarded the growth. Weather continued fine throughout the whole period of hay-making, consequently 
 the hay was mostly secured in good condition. Seed clover is not very promising. 
 
 George Lott, Richmond, Lennox and Addington : Quality good. Drought retarded it in the earlier 
 ■stages of growth, but the late rains, to a great extent, counteracted this. Weather was generally favorable 
 for haying, and the bulk of the crop was secured in good condition. Seed clover is fairly ^ood at present 
 ■on early cut meadows. There has been premature ripening in some grasses, principally timothy, which I 
 attribute to an insect working in the joint of the stalk. Old meadows are principally affected. 
 
 J. B. Aylsworth, Camden, East Lennox : Quality mostly ^ood. Slightly injured by drought. The 
 earliest out was damaged by rain, but the greater part was secured in good order. Seed clover only middling. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Hay fairly good on new meadows, but on old meadows light. 
 Timothy badly damaged by the joint-worm and also by late frosts in May ; but a large quantity has been 
 saved in good condition. Glover short and light on the ground. There is not much prospect of a second 
 ■crop unless copious rains should come. 
 
 Thos. Andrew, Kennebec, Frontenac : Fairly good J suffered from early frost and later drought. Haying 
 was hindered by rain, and the crop is not all secured yet. Condition fair. 
 
 H. C. Lynch, Front of Escott, Leeds ; Fair to good. Frost hurt the grass considerably. Most hay was 
 put in good condition. The army or joint-worm worked quite badly in timothy, and caused considerable 
 •dead tops, say, in many cases, one-fifth of the whole. 
 
46 
 
 J. A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds : The farmers think the hay crop will be one-fourth less than last year„ 
 It was injured by frost. It has so far been saved in good order. 
 
 Isaiah Wright, Augusta, Grenville : Very good. Old meadows were hurt by frost in spring. Con- 
 siderable hay was damaged by wet. 
 
 Wm. Kyle, Williamsburg, Dundas : Good. No injury, for we never had a season in this part in the 
 last forty years so free from late frost and drought as this. Hay saved in good condition, except a little cut. 
 this week. A considerable amount, both of speargrass and timothy was injured by a worm in the stalk. 
 
 R. Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : Good. Affected some by drought and by frost in low ground in the- 
 spring. Haying was kept back considerably by rain. 
 
 Kenneth McLennan, Lochiel, Glengarry : Mixed hay and clover, first crop is good ; second crop is not 
 so good. The first part of the haying season was very wet, and most of the hay was damaged ; but the 
 people are busy at it now and the weather is better. 
 
 Wm. McClintock, West Hawkesbury, Prescott : The quality of the crop in general is good. . No dam-' 
 age by frost or drought. The weather is very unfavorable for hay-saving, and a good deal of it is badly 
 bleached. Not more than half the hay is cut yet. 
 
 Henry Armstrong, Clarence, Russell. Hay and clover are of a good quality, but a very light crop. I 
 think they were hurt to some extent by May frosts. The weather is very wet and a good deal of hay is 
 badly hurt. Hay that is not cut yet is green and growing. 
 
 John O'Callaghan, Gloucester, Carleton : Hay is not an average. Frost and cold weather in the last 
 of May and first of June stopped its growth. New meadows are fair. Hay was saved in good condition 
 owing to the wet weather. 
 
 T. M. Robertson, Nepean, Carleton: Hay is a fair average crop. No drought or frost here. Very- 
 bad haying weather, raining every other day, and hay is very badly saved. 
 
 James Findlay, Westmeath, Kenfrew : Timothy poor ; clover good. We have had no drought since the 
 end of May. The frost of May may have kept the hay back. It nas been too wet and haying is getting- 
 slowly on. There was no seed clover raised here. 
 
 F. Kosmark, Admaston, Renfrew : Clover all more or less spoiled with wet. The clover, where th& 
 wind had blown the snow off in winter, was winter-killed. From the ninth to the twenty-second of July the 
 weather was extremely wet ; all hay cut in that time was much damaged, but many delayed cutting and 
 secured in good condition. 
 
 John M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : The crop of hay and clover was very fair ; promising in spring, 
 retarded by drought in May, but pulled up wonderfully well. There was showery weather in the beginning 
 of haying, but the crop was generally saved in good condition. The prospect of the clover seed crop is. 
 seemmgly good. In some few instances old meadovifs have become prematurely ripe. 
 
 W. Patterson, Ramsay, Lanark : A good deal of hay and clover was winter-killed, but owing to abun- 
 dant rains and favorable weather the crop is a fair average one ; 'nost of the crop is well saved^but one wet 
 week hurt some of it considerably. A good deal of it prematurely ripe, among the timothy. We attribute- 
 it to joint worm. 
 
 Amos Howkins, Eldon, Victoria : Quality of crop good, but a little on the short side, caused by a very 
 dry May ; I never saw a better time for curing it, as we had no rain for weeks at a time, especially during 
 clover season. Alsike clover-seed very good, but not much grown this year ; red, very little allowed to go to- 
 seed, but those who pastured it, the first part of the season, nave very encouraging prospects for good yields 
 of seed. 
 
 Wm. Ramsey, sr. , Mariposa, Victoria : The hay is rather on the light side, on account of frosts in the spring- 
 and dry weather in May. All that was cmt early was got in fine condition, for it was fine dry weather for 
 curing ; the late cutting will be somewhat bleached on account of showers. 
 
 J. M. Drummond, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Hay crop very good ; clover rather short on account of droughts 
 The bulk of hay was housed in splendid condition. A few fields badly spoilt in the last week of haymg. 
 Clover for seed is well blossomed ; no weevil. Heads that are nearly filled are full of seed, but straw very 
 short on high land, about a foot in lengths 
 
 John Garbutt, Smith, Peterboro : The quality of the hay and clover crop is good. The frost affected 
 timothy on low ground. In the beginning of haying the weather was very fine, but the latter part was 
 affected a little by rain. It was secured in good condition. The prospect for the clover-seed crop is very 
 good ; in timothy and red-top there was considerable premature ripenmg, caused by a worm in the joint. 
 
 Henry Ferrier, Stanhope, Haliburton : Hay very good. Drought in the early part of the season^caused 
 . it to make a slow growth, but later rains fetched it along. Haying has been wet, yet the crop has been 
 saved in pretty good condition. 
 
 Wm. Watt, Wollaston, Hastings : The clover crop is a very heavy one ; some fields were blackened with, 
 wet weather, but in general timothy and clover both are very well saved. Timothy was a very good crop. 
 
 George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Hay and clover very good; no damage done by frost. Weather 
 wet ; hay aad clover not as well secured as we would wish for. I think the second crop of clover will be 
 good. 
 
 Edward Bray, jr., Stisted, Muskoka : There was a very fine crop of hay and clover, except on very- 
 light soils ; in some places the drought caused the grass to npen prematurely ; we could not wish for better 
 weather for haying. 
 
 H. W. Gill, Watt, Muskoka : The quaJity of the hay and clover crop is good. Drought has caused a 
 generally light crop ; no frost i i this section. Showery weaither has hindered operations ; the crop, so far, 
 however, is well secured. Cannot say what is the prospect for the clover-seed crop. I have noticed prema- 
 ture ripening o-wing to the droi:^ht. 
 
47 
 
 S. J. Peake, Foley, Parry Sound : Hay, about half crop in old meadows ; new meadows, average crop 
 Haying not quite finished yet ; what has been gathered in is well saved. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : The quality of the crop is good. On light land the weather was 
 too dry, but, as a general thing, the crop is turnmg out well ; the weather at haying was favorable, and the. 
 crop secured in good condition. There is no prospect for a seed crop. 
 
 R. F. Ogle, Campbell and Carnarvon, Algoma : On properly seeded farms the crop turned out very 
 good, but in general it is short owing to too long drought. No injury from summer frost, but some slight 
 mjury was done by winter frost. Considerable damage was done by fire. 
 
 PASTURES, LIVE STOCK AND THE DAIRY. 
 
 Live stock cf all kinds was flourishing when the spring opened. Coarse grains had 
 been cheap and plentiful nearly all over the province and farm animals were judiciously 
 and liberally wintered. The early part of the season was favorable to the growth of 
 pastures, except in a few localities where late frosts followed by cool dry weather instead 
 of warm spring rains almost ruined the grasses. Generally, however, the pastures were 
 partly good all over the province up to about the middle of June ; then came a change by 
 wliich the western portion of Ontario suffered greatly, while the eastern portion appeared 
 to be almost correspondingly benefitted. It seemed as if the rain intended to keep alive 
 the grasses all over the province had been poured upon the pastures of the eastern counties 
 alone, leaving those of the western counties to wilt and parch under a fierce midsummer 
 sun. Thus while the one portion has been sufiering for rain another section has had 
 enough and to spare. 
 
 lu the Lake Erie counties the drought seems to have been extremely severe, though 
 at the beginning of this month it had not been of sufficient duration to bring about very 
 disastrous results. In Kent and Essex the pastures are universally reported as literally 
 " burnt up," but horses owing to a good wintering and fairly good spring pastures were 
 still making a very good showing on the very short growth of grass that was left them. 
 Sheep were also able to get along, but cattle were becoming thin and milch cows were 
 declining so rapidly in their yield that the butter and cheese supply was shrinking very 
 perceptibly. Scarcity of drinking water has also been reported in some localities, but 
 such reports are not so numerous as might reasonably be expected. In Elgin, Norfolk 
 and Haldimand there are the same unfavorable reports as to the condition of the 
 pastures ; horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and fat stock wers reported upon favorably, though 
 the lack of grass had made itself felt in a noticeable shrinkage of dairy products. In 
 Welland the state of affairs is reported as lebs favorable than in Elgin, Norfolk and 
 Haldimand ; while the pastures in this county are poor, the reports speak of the condition 
 of live stock as only "from thin to fair" and the products of butter and cheese are falling 
 off in sympathy with the failure of the pasture grasses. 
 
 From the Lake Huron counties comes nearly the same story. The pastures are 
 dried up and burned brown, but the effects of a good winter feeding and a favorable 
 spring are still to be seen in the condition of the live stock, and horses, cattle, sheep a,nd 
 pigs are still looking fairly. In Lambton some of the reports speak of recent rains having 
 revived the pastures. It is to be feared, however, that these were not as general as could 
 be wished, but merely local in their character. In Huron there is considerable diversity 
 of opinion among those who have reported, a fact which is not surprising when the amount 
 of territory covered by these reports is. taken into consideration. lu some portions of 
 ■ the county pastures are good, live stock flourishing and dairy produce abundant, while 
 in others the pastures are reported as burned brown, and horses, cattle and dairy products 
 shrinking rapidly for the want of grass. The average tenor of the reports from Huron iS 
 very much like that from other sections of western Ontario, which is that while pastures 
 dried up and dairy produce falling off in consequence, live stock of all sorts is still in 
 good condition, but not likely to remain so very long except in the event of a copious 
 rainfall coming very soon. In the county of Bruce pastures and dairy prospects are 
 reported upon very unfavorably, while the condition of horses, cattle, sheep and pigs is 
 fairly good. 
 
m 
 
 The Georgian Bay counties have not fared much better than those of Lake Erie and 
 Lake Huron. It is only the liberal wintering they received that has enabled cattle in 
 any of these western counties in a fair degree to hold their own against the scorching , 
 droughts of the latter part of June and the whole of July. In some localities of course 
 local rains have greatly helped the farmers, but the reports from Simcoe and Grey are 
 generally unfavorable as to pastures and dairy products, though live stock appears to be 
 thriving and healthy. 
 
 From that large and well-farmed tract of country known as the West Midland 
 counties comes the same story of dried-up pastures, fairly good looking horses, cattle, 
 sheep and pigs, and a general shrinkage in the butter and cheese product. Dufferin, 
 Waterloo, Wellington, Perth, Brant, Oxford and Middlesex, all tell the same story of 
 burned-up pastures, but of live stock well fortified to meet what would otherwise have 
 meant something very like disaster to many farmers. Indeed it should be a long time 
 before the farmers of western Ontario forget that it was the liberal feeding of the winter 
 of 1885-6 that carried their live stock safely over the terrible droughts of the present 
 summer. 
 
 In the Ontario counties a more favorable condition makes itself manifest, although 
 the unfavorable distinctly predominates in the counties of Wentworth, Lincoln, Halton, 
 Peel York and Prince Edward, while the reports from Durham and Ontario can only 
 be regarded as favorable in a very modified sense. In the case of Northumberland, 
 however, the reports are decidedly encouraging, especially from the northern tier of 
 townships. Many correspondents say that pastures never were better, while horses, 
 cattle, sheep, pigs, fat stock and dairy cattle are all doing correspondingly well. 
 
 Moving further eastward, a very great change comes over the character of the 
 reports. In the St. Lawrence counties farmers have been favored with copious rains, 
 and pastures were never better than they are just now. From Frontenac, Lennox, 
 Addington, Leeds, Grenville, Dundas, Stormont, Glengarry,' Prescott, Russell and 
 Eenfrew nothing but the most encouraging reports come to hand. These counties have 
 had copious rains, but no floods, and the result is seen in an exceptionally vigorous and 
 succulent growth of grass on everything in the shape of pasture lands, and a correspond- 
 ingly thrifty condition of everything in the shape of live stock excepting in some isolated 
 low-lyin" localities where sheep have suffered somewhat from continued rains on pasture 
 that was ordinarily inclined to be soft and watery. The St. Lawrence counties have long 
 been famous for the quantity and quality of their dairy product, but with the extensive 
 introduction of cheese-factories and creameries and the extra good pastures of this year it 
 appears highly probable that in their output these counties will exceed all their former 
 efforts. Complaint is made about the low prices realized for butter this season, but the 
 only remedy for low prices is to elevate the general standard of the product. The adop- 
 tion of the creamery system will, it is hoped, ultimately do much to place the cream 
 product of Ontario before the world in a proper light and earn for it the recognition it 
 deserves but which it does not receive, especially in the transatlantic markets. 
 
 In the East Midland counties the reports average fairly. A moderately favorable 
 state of aiFairs is reported from Victoria and Peterborough, while the reports from 
 Haliburton correspondents are uniformly favorable. 
 
 In the northern districts reports vary considerably. Upon the whole the condition 
 of the live stock and dairy industries in Muskoka and Parry Sound is very encouraging, 
 especially when the comparatively recent settlement of these regions is taken into account. 
 Live stock is thriving, dairy products are excellent and plentiful, while pastures are every- 
 where rich, juicy and tempting. In Algoma, however, the widely prevailing drought has 
 overtaken the pastures and what was still able to flourish in intensely dry and hot 
 weather has been attacked by grasshoppers. Only one report, however; refers to grass- 
 hoppers as having done very serious damage, though it is doubtless true that in Algoma 
 the season has not been favorable to live stock and dairy industries. 
 
 As far as diseases aie concerned, horses, cattle and live stock of all kinds have 
 escaped remarkably well. In a very few instances fatal cases of horse distemper are 
 reported, but that is about the only unfavorable feature noted in the sanitary condition 
 of live stock throughout the Province. 
 
49 
 
 In some cases correspondents report the fat cattle as merely native animals, " too 
 light for export." This would seem to show that the export trade is being supplied with 
 improved grades and that exporters will waste no more space on shipboard with ordinary 
 rough native or scrub stock. This shows that farmers are generally waking up to their 
 own interests in the matter of stock improvement, and that many of them at least are 
 making strenuous efforts to meet the wants of the e^cport trade. It may be remarked 
 here, however, that after all that has been said in favor of the " general purpose cow " 
 these reports would indicate that she exists rather in theory than in practice. Canadian 
 farmers may believe in her as in any abstraction that looked plausible enough in theory, 
 but in perusing these reports it is always found that dairying and. beef production do not 
 progress on the same farm, nor generally in the same locality. The correspondent who 
 has much to say about fat stock generally adds that there is little or nothing done in 
 butter and cheese production in his locality ; while on the other hand the report which 
 tells of the flourishing condition of cheese-factories and creameries assures us that fat 
 stock raising is neglected, farmers preferring to realize on the sale of milk and 'cream to 
 the factories. Tf, then, the farmers of one section turn their cattle into beef, and those of 
 another into butter and cheese exclusively, it is not easy to understand just when, where 
 and how the mission of the much-admired general purpose cow is to be accomplished. It 
 is not impossible that in the near future Ontario farmers may be found breeding for 
 definite purpose as do any of those stockmen who make a specialty of a certain breed. 
 
 The year appears to have been a good one for sheep, especially in the west, where 
 pastures became too short for other stock, but the low price of wool has had the effect of 
 seriously checking sheep breeding in many localities. 
 
 Pigs are reported as healthy and thriving, and "altogether pig-rearing appears to be 
 in a more promising condition than it has been for some time. 
 
 E. C. Taylor, W. Tilbury, Essex : Pasture very poor ; dried up. Horses stand it better than cattle 
 cattle quite poor ; sheep poor and troubled with grub in the head ; pigs require less water and swill makes 
 them look bettei^ Fat stock scarce ; dairy produce only butter, no cheese. Butter sold as barter at the 
 stores ; at first over stock, but falling off. 
 
 W. G. Morse, Mersea, Essex : Pastures are poor just now ; it is too dry. Stock generally looks well ; 
 more attention is being given to fat and store cattle than heretofore ; not much in the dairy. 
 
 S. Russell, Orford, Kent : Pastures have been quite good until the last two or three weeks, when dry 
 weather set in. Live stock of all kinds is looking very fairly ; fewer sheep raised here than in former years ; 
 I suppose it is on account of the low price of wool. Fat cattle are not abundant as many were forced on 
 to the market during last fall and winter, and that at a sacrifice. Cheese and butter quite low in price. 
 
 D. Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Dry, hot weather has shortened pastures somewhat, but live stock 
 appears to be doing reasonably well. Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs all doing well ; fat stock has done and 
 is doing very well, considering the shortness of grass ; as to dairy productions, I hear of no complaints. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : The late rains have greatly helped pastures, before which they 
 ■were drying up and the milk yield falling off. Mosquitoes and flies have been very trying on cattle through 
 the early part of the season, which has retarded the fattening process in niany cases. 
 
 Jno. Bradford, Dunn, Haldimand : Pasture poor on account of drought ; horses in good health but a 
 little thin in flesh owing to poor pasture ; sheep looking very well ; pigs the same. Fat stock— there are 
 ■some very good butcher's cattle, but not many heavy enpugh for export. 
 
 L. Buckton, Crowland, Welland : Pastures are nearly all dried up ; horses appear in good condition ; 
 «attle are not doing as well as they might be : sheep in good order ; pigs plentiful and in good condition. 
 Owing to pastures failing beef cattle are not doing very well ; dairy produce sufficient for the demand. 
 
 Jas. McClive, Bertie, Welland : Pastures were fine in June and up to the middle of .July, but now are 
 all dry and in many cases, farmers are feeding hay. Live stock abundant, such as horses, cattle and hogs, 
 but only a few sheep ; dairying is getting good attention. 
 
 Jno. Morrison, Plympton, Lambton : Notwithstanding the drought the pastures have continued fair all 
 season and all kinds of stock have done well; creameries and cheese-factories have got more milk than ever 
 before in this section. 
 
 E. Cooper, Howick, Huron : Pastures are very low on account of drought ; as a rule horses are good 
 and well cared for in this township ; sheep are rather thin ; pigs are fed the whey of cheese-factories and are 
 looking well ; not many fat stock give milk to cheese factories. 
 
 Peter Clarke, Culross, Bruce : Pastures dried up ; very little rain all summer, exceedingly hot during the 
 day and cool approaching frost in the night. Stock thin in flesh, and milch cows failing badly m the milk 
 supply. 
 
 4 (a. e.) 
 
50 
 
 Jno. Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Pastures suffered a good deal from drought in July ; horses are in good 
 order but not many for sale ; cattle are ^n good condition and a large stock in the country ; sheep have done 
 well, a large number have been sold for exportation ; pigs are scarce, no great surplus ; fat stock is also 
 scarce ; dairy produce abundant but low in price. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : High pasture lands are very poor, owing to the drought. Low lying 
 pastures are better. Cows and young cattle look well, in fact, horses, sheep, pigs and all live stock are in 
 good condition. The fat stock did well on grass and were sold early in good condition. So far this has 
 been an exceptionally good season for butter-making. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Simcoe : Pastures are very fair owing to recent rains. Stock of all kinds are 
 looking well. We had the epizootic influenza in our stables among our horses pretty badly this spring, but 
 it has nearly disappeared. Its effects, however, are discernible on some of the horses yet. 
 
 Wm. Black, Westminster, -Middlesex ; Pastures never had an earlier start and were luxuriant till the 
 advent of dxy weather which scorched them so badly that they are now only beginning to recover. All kinds 
 of live stock in good condition but prices are unremunerative. 
 
 Jas. Anderson, E. Zorra, Oxford : Pastures are pretty well dried up as there has been very little rain 
 for two months past. Horses are in fair condition ; cattle are looking well yet as they got in fine condition 
 in May and June, but will have to be soiled largely for the balance of the season ; very few sheep kept, but 
 what there sCre look well ; pigs are doing well tms season ; fat stock in fair condition but will require feeding 
 now ; milch cows yield but oue-half in quantity since June 1st. 
 
 Thos. Lunn, Oaklanii, Brant : Cattle turned early on pastures followed later on by dry weather, have 
 caused many fields to look anything iDut green, which places stock of all kind only in fair condition ; no 
 disease of any kind reported. Since Prof. Brown's address on permanent pastures, at our Farmers' Institute 
 last winter, a good many farmers have sown considerable, and I would like to see a space in your next 
 circular devoted to permanent pastures so that those that are growing it now may report their success, and 
 induce others to sow more largely, that every farm may have its 5 or 10 acres of permanent pasture. I 
 sowed two acres last May, cut it once and it is now making a fine growth in spite of the dry weather. 
 
 Jno. Campbell, Blanshard, Perth : Pastures are universally bare ; many are now feeding hay, conse- 
 quently cattle of all kinds are poor ; fat stock and dairy produce are scarce. There has scarcely been any 
 rain in this locality for six or seven weeks until a few days ago, and not much then. 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eramosa, Wellington : Pastures were good in early part of the season, but are becoming 
 very iDrown now owing to the dry spell lately ; stock is looking well and promises to fiU the stalls well 
 next winter. There seems to be a dwindling down of the dairy produce business, prices being too low to 
 offer much inducement. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : Pasture is very short on uplands ; some farmers are feeding their 
 cows ; horses are all stabled and in fair condition ; cattle and sheep are not in as good condition for the time 
 of year as we might wish to have them ; the fall supply of fat stock for local trade vrill fall short or inferior 
 stock be used ; dairy produce is falling off rapidly. 
 
 R. Gray, Mulmur, Dufferin ; Pastures good in the fore part of the season but poor now ; horses and 
 cattle in good condition ; sheep and pigs in good condition ; no fat stock at present ; first lot has gone to 
 market ; no dairy produce on hand by farmers ; it either goes to market weekly or the milk is sent to the 
 factory. 
 
 Robt. Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln ; Pastures completely dried up even where not eaten off, but owing to 
 the very fine pasture early in the season stock are in good condition. Fat stock, however, are doing nothing 
 now and the supply of milk and butter is falling off fast. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Pastures have been completely used up for some weeks, and 
 recent showers have not yet had "the effect of restoring them sufficiently to meet the wants of the stock 
 which, though partially hand-fed, has perceptibly failed in flesh. As a matter of course dairy produce, 
 under these circumstances, is neither so rich nor so plentiful. 
 
 John Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton ; The pastures are getting very bare and dry, but the second crop 
 of clover is growing nicely and there will soon be plenty of pasture. Horses, sheep and pigs look as well as 
 usual, and cattle, where no scrub bull is kept, look very well, but where a scrub is kept there is very little 
 interest taken in the feeding of cattle. The scrub is nearly extinct in this township. There is about the 
 usual number of store cattle, but none fat at present, as . nearly all the farmers stall feed during the winter 
 months. Nearly all the cream is gathered by creap wagons, either for the Experimental. Farm Company 
 or one at Eden Mills. Quality of butter, excellent. 
 
 Wm. Kersey, Toronto Gore, Peel : The pastures are about as bad as they well can be, there having 
 been no growth now for several weeks, consequently live stock are not doing well unless they are hand-fed, 
 as some few farmers do, with hay or some kind of green fodder. 
 
 Geo. Evans, jr., Georgina, York : Pasture is [getting bare owing to the drought. The condition of 
 horses, cattle, sheep and pigs is very good, the pasture in the early part of the season being excellent. The 
 live stock, getting a good start, will be able to hold their owii now when the pasture is getting short. Very 
 little fat stock on hand at present, nearly all being sold in June or fore part of July. Quite a large 
 quantity of butter is made in this locality but little or no cheese. 
 
 John Christie, B«ach, Ontario : Pastures have greatly improved with the late rains ; live stock looks 
 well and healthy. 
 
 Wm. Jas. Grandy, Manvars, Durham : Pastures are in fair condition, caused by the abundance of rain. 
 Live stock are in good condition ; fat stock are in good supply ; not many shipped yet. A creamery has 
 been established in Bethany in which is manufactured into butter most of the milk in the eastern part of 
 the township. 
 
51 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland : Since the rain pastures are improving. Live stock looking 
 well ; there will be a good many dry cows fit for the butcher shortly. We are principally engaged in the 
 manufacture of cheese here ; our prospects are better than last year. 
 
 A. J. File, Ameliasburgh, Prince Edward : Pastures have been good, and consequently all stock are 
 looking well. Very little stock fed for beet, but animals have matured nicely on grass to supply local 
 demand. Milk also, owing to good pasturage, has been up to the average. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox and Addington : Pasture was remarkably gooduntill the dry weather 
 in June ; since the heavy rains in July and following showers the pasture is improving very much. Stock 
 of all kinds are doing well ; there seems to be plenty of fat stock. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenao : Pasture is good ; aU kinds of stock are looking well and free 
 from disease of any kind. Fat cattle not in much demand and prices low. Cheese-making is still on the- 
 increase, nearly every farmer in this section sending more or less milk to the factory and receiving therefor 
 more ready cash than they do from all otAier produce sold off the farm, and at a time of the year when 
 farmers seemingly want money most. I do not know of anything in connection with farming of late years 
 that has tended more to the prosperity and comfort of the farmer and his family than cheese-making. It- 
 inculcates thrifty habits, early and systematic milking, improvement of stock, taking better care of them,, 
 increasing the number of cows over fourfold, increasing the fertility of the sou, infusing a spirit of 
 emulation — neighbor vicing with neighbor as to whose herd gives most milk per cow, relieving the hotfsehold! 
 of a large amount of heavy work as in butter-making, allowing more time for the cultivation of the mind, 
 &c. These are oWy a few of the many advantages obtained. The quantity of cheese made and the price 
 are in excess of last year. 
 
 .J. A. Russell, Bastard, Leeds: Every person I come in contact with says he has not. had as good 
 pastures for years ; stock of all kinds are in good condition. Dairy products good ; prices remarkably low. 
 
 A. Harkness, Matilda, Dundas : Pastures are unusually good, as we have had abundance of rain with- 
 out any floods either to overflow or make the fields too soft, and all classes of live stock are in good condition. 
 The butter and cheese product will be unusually large ; the same is true of beef. 
 
 Robert Vallance, Osnabruok, Stormont : Pastures fair ; all kinds of live stock in good condition ; fat 
 stock and dairy prot^uce plenty, but prices small. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarn' : The pastures are all that could be desired— green and sweet. 
 All kinds of stock are in good condition. This year is favorable for dairying, but the cheese factories do 
 not get over half what they got last year on account of low price. 
 
 J. Shields, West Hawkesbury, Presoott : Pastures never were better than they have been ; an ample 
 supply of rain the whole season. Stock look healthy ; dairy products were never better. 
 
 Henry Armstrong, Clarence, Russell : Pastures are good and live stock are in good condition. The fat 
 stock in this township are very large and in good condition also. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March,. Carleton ; Pastures good and stock of all kinds in first rate condition. Fat 
 stock and dairy produce plentiful. 
 
 John Whelan, Brudenell and Lyndooh, Renfrew: Pastures have been in excellent condition all summer 
 and as a consequence all kinds of stock are in excellent condition— fat and healthy. I never saw grass for 
 pasturing better in this part. 
 
 W. Patterson, Ramsay, Lanark : Stock of all kinds look well and the cheese-factories are getting » 
 good supply of milk. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro' : Pastures so far have been very good this season. Horses, cattle, 
 sheep and pigs are all in good condition. The dairy produce has been larse ; the season has been very 
 favorable. 
 
 Chas. R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Pastures now are excellent— unusually good. The late rains 
 have kept them green and growing, and cattle are in fine order. The same may be said of sheep. Not 
 mudi fat stock here— all sold. Dairy produce — there is considerable butter being made of fair quality. We 
 export largely. It is rather better than usual. 
 
 R. Blair, Carling. Muskoka : Pastures good and fresh ; horses, cattle, sheep and pigs in good order. 
 There are a large number of fat cattle running in the bush. There is a good deal of butter made but little 
 
 R. F. Ogle, Campbell and Carnarvon, Algoma : Pasture good ; live stock in good condition ; considerable 
 fat and store cattle will be shipped this fall. Butter in abundance ; no cheese. 
 
 BEES AND HONEY. 
 
 Many apiarists have been so discouraged by the mortality among their bees during 
 the two or three winters preceding the last that they are now paying less than their usual 
 attention to this branch of farming, while on the other hand it is evident from the 
 reports that the area of apiculture, though still limited, is extending in the province. 
 There are some complaints of winter-killing this year, especially in the more northerly 
 counties of the province, but in the Lake Erie counties, where, perhaps, bees are more 
 generally kept than in any other part of Ontario, the reports are almost uniformly 
 
52 
 
 :favorable, particularly as to the swarming, and a large honey product of superior quality 
 has been realized. In other parts of the province bees have not done quite so well, owing, 
 it is stated in some cases, to the scarcity of the linden (or basswood) bloom, in others to 
 the drought, which acted unfavorably on all honey-producing blossoms, and in a few cases 
 to the coldness and wetness of the weather. On the whole, however, this has not been 
 Jby any means a bad year for the bee-keepers. 
 
 A.. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Where attention has been-given them they have multiplied very 
 rapidly, and in a measure recompensed for the heavy losses suffered last winter by some bee-keepers, and 
 the yield of honey promises well by the close of the season. 
 
 v. Honsberger, S. Cayuga, Haldimand : Bees very healthy, and increase by swarming very large. The 
 honey product not above the average. 
 
 F. A. Hutt, Stamford, Welland : The bees have been healthy, very prolific, and have gathered more 
 honey than last year up to this' date. Our apiary has doubled and has carried in upward of 16,110 lbs. of 
 honey from 22 colonies. 
 
 Silas Mills,. Moore, Lambton : It seems to me this has been an extra favorable season for bees. There 
 was an abundance of white clover bloom, and as much as 50 lbs. surplus have been taken from a first swarm. 
 
 Dan. Stuart, Tilbury W., Essex : They have been very prolific ; increase three to one. The honey crop 
 was good in the forepart of the season ; apple bloom, white clover, and the forepart of the linden crop, 
 good ; later part of linden crop short by drought. 
 
 J. G. Stewart. Raleigh, Kent : Bees have never done so well ; here two to four swarms common ; 
 product expected to be large. 
 
 S. Russell, Orford, Kent: Bees wintered well. I ptarted with six colonies and have twelve now. 
 Extracted 875 lbs. honey. One of my neighbors has increased from nine colonies to fifty by natural swann- 
 ■ng. This is what I would call "swarming to death." Honey sells (extracted) from ten to twelve cents'per lb. 
 
 M. Payne, Southwold and Yarmouth, Elgin : Bees have done remarkably well ; swarmed early, and 
 first swarms swarmed again ; old colonies swarmed three and five times. Honey yield very good on clover, 
 etc., but basswood does not seem to yield much this year. 
 
 Geo. Hess, Hay, Huron : The bees have been doing better than the last few years back. They swarmed 
 earlier and produced more honey. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : Bees have not turned out as well as was expected ; a few j frosty nights 
 when the white clover was in bloom affected the product. Basswood did not amount to much. Colonies 
 would average from 75 to 100 lbs. each, ». e. ordinary strong colonies. Swarming commenced earlier but 
 they did not swarm so much this season. No disease beyond the usual spring dwindling. 
 
 A. Stephen, Sullivan, Grey : A large number of swarms died last winter ; what was left are doing welli 
 Strong swarms and a good yield of honey. 
 
 R. A. Brown, W. Nissouri, Middlesex : Where bees were stimulated with feeding last fall and early 
 sprinf they swarmed well, but otherwise have not more than averaged one swarm each. Product smallest 
 for years. Only the early swarms give a surplus ; the late ones won't have half enough to winter them. The 
 true way of success with bees is too feed some each day for the last two weeks of September and the first 
 two weeks of October. This makes them breed, and those young bees are the only ones ever live to do any 
 work the following spring, as every old one will surely die before they can get anything to do in the spring. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : The general fcomplaint last spring was that bees were weak, not so 
 much in the wintering, but their condition Jast fall was not conducive to breeding late. Some have not 
 made up their loss ; they were very slow to swarm. Those who increased at all got no honey ; honey poor 
 crop ; 20 lbs. per colony. .•"■ "^ ' " 
 
 Christian S. Groh, Waterloo, Waterloo : Bees left winter quarters very weak, have not swarmed very 
 often. The honey crop was light. The time that white clover and linden was in bloom it was too dry and 
 honey will be below average. 
 
 D B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Bees commenced swarming very early this season and swarmed 
 often ;' one reports of two swarms from one hive in 48 hours (good swarms). I think the bees will have 
 plenty of honey, but do not think the surplus will be up to the'average. 
 
 H. A. Walker sr.. Hope, Durham: The best year for increase and honey that I remember. I have 
 some old hives which have given three swarms and 50 lbs. of comb honey, and my stock has increased from 
 18 to 50. 
 
 Wm Kyle WilUamsburgh, Dundas : Although the white clover has been plentiful in the fields beyond 
 any year in my memory, the bees have done very poorly, owing I think to the cold season. 
 
 R Lawson ir Lanark, Lanark : Last winter was a hard one on bees in this locality. Some lost half, 
 and some were' left without any. Very little swarming ; what honey there is is good quality so far. Bee- 
 keepers here think it will be a poor season here for honey. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : My bees have done extra both in swarming and honey product and 
 think others have done the same. 
 
 A Wianoko Morrison, Muskoka : I know of four bee-keepers here ; know them personally ; heard no 
 complaints. They got them well through the winter ; honey wUl not be an extra great crop, yet satisfactory. 
 
53 
 
 LABOR AND MACHINERY. 
 
 In almost every part of the Province there has been a plentiful supply of labor for 
 haying and harvesting purposes. The amount of labor-saving machinery is steadily 
 increasing, especially in the western part of the province, in consequence of which the 
 amount of extra labor employed in the harvesting season is largely diminished. In a 
 great many instances farmers find it possible to manage their haying and harvesting 
 without hiring any help beyond their regular hands. In a few places this season it was 
 difficult to obtain men for the haying, and some correspondents expressed anxiety as to 
 the harvesting of the spring crops, particularly in those counties where the failure of the 
 fall wheat caused a considerable increase in the acreage of spring grain ; but these cases 
 are extremely exceptional. The rate of wages varies a good deal. The daily rate ranges 
 all the way from 75 cents to $1.50. The most common rates mentioned, however, are 
 from $1.00 to $1.25 per day, with board. Strangely enough, the lowest rates are reported 
 from the most easterly counties, where the least machinery is employed, and where men 
 have in general more opportunities for employment in other pursuits, as lumbering and 
 railroad work. From $25 to $35 per month is given for the harvest months, and for all 
 summer engagements the rates vary from $12 to $20 per month, $16 and $18 being the 
 most frequently reported. Female help is generally scarce and wages considered high. 
 The ordinary kinds of machinery, such as mowers, reapers, horse-rakes, etc., are almost 
 universally employed where the land is not too rough for their use. A considerable increase 
 in the number of self-binders is also reported, and it would have been much greater but 
 for the high prices. A great many farmers will invest in self-binders when their present 
 reapers become useless, but they do not care to throw these away while they can be used. 
 In the east, where wheat is less grown, the self-binders are not so much in favor as in the 
 west, where every farmer who can affijrd it will soon possess one. A number of those 
 who used self-binders in harvesting their barley crop are not well satisfied with the 
 experiment, as the sheaves took a long time to dry out, but for the wheat crop (hey are 
 usually considered "just the thing." Throughout the greater part of the province the 
 weather was extremely favorable for haying and harvesting, and the work was quickly 
 and easily done. 
 
 P. J. Freeman, Rochester, Essex : Mowing machines, reapers and self-binders in general use. The 
 latter are gaining in favor. But little foreign labor is employed. I have not heard the rate of wages ; I 
 should say not more than $1.50 per day. 
 
 John Hooker, Mersea, Essex: There was a good supply of labor in haying and harvest ; wages $1.50 
 per day. There are a great number of single reapers and quite a number of self-binders in use, but no 
 new self-binders this year on account of the high prices charged by the ring formed by the manufacturers. 
 
 W. M. Ross. Harwich, Kent ; A sufficiency of labor in this part. Self-binders are used largely in this 
 section of the country. Very few farm hands are hired by the month ; I think machines are doing their 
 work so that few hands are needed. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent ; Labor is plentiful, but, owing to binders and other machinery being used 
 very few hands, other than the regular summer 8\»pply, are needed ; wages are from $1.00 to $1.25 per day 
 for harvesting and from $15 to $18 per month for the summer. 
 
 D. McKillop, Aldboro, Elgin : There were a few self-binders bought this year ; no scarcity of labor. 
 Wheat on the whole being a lighter crop than it has been for several years and markets dull, farmers find 
 it necessary to curtail their expenses, as much aa possible, and they were much assisted in that direction, by 
 the very favorable weather for haying and harvesting. 
 
 Lewis Simpson, S. Dorchester, Elgin : I have no recollection as to when labor was so easily obtained in 
 haying and harvesting as it has been the present year. The machinery for harvesting has placed the farmer 
 in a more independent position. With a self-binder, he and a man or two can take off a large harvest which 
 formerly it took seven or eight men to do. Wages from $1.00 to $1.50. 
 
 A. N. Simmons, Middleton, Norfolk : Self-binders seem to be fast taking the lead through this section, 
 quite a number being used this season, and with continued improvements and a corresponding reduction in 
 price, will eventually become a necessity to' every farmer. 
 
 John Machon, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Laborers in plenty all the time ; self-binders are beginning to 
 be used this year and some last year ; not very general yet. Wages $1.00 per day. 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : Labor is very -plentiful ; wages one dollar per day with board 
 and in some cases only seventy-live cents. Self-binders are greatly used and giving good satisfaction. 
 Harvesting now seems to be a short job and easily done. Horse-hay-forks are greatly m use and also giving 
 satisfaction. 
 
54 
 
 W. Gowling, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Quite a number of binders at work, also hay-forks and other 
 implements ; wages by month, for six months, about $18 ; for haying and harvest $20 to $30 according to 
 ability. Girls are hard to get for house work. 
 
 L. Buokton, Crowland, Welland : Labor supply in general was sufficient. Some farmers w^lo only hire 
 for a month or two found a difficulty in getting men. Self-binders are used to a great extent, and I think, 
 as soon as the reapers get worn out, there will be no more used. Wages $1.00 per day with board. 
 
 A. A. Meyers, Sombra,Lambton : The labor supply was more than equal to the demand ; farmers are 
 all well supplied with machinery. Self-binders are doing the work extra well, many farmers going fron one 
 farm to another and cutting large areas of land by the acre, which makes it very convenient. Wages were 
 $1.00 per day in wheat-binding and heavy work. 
 
 Joseph Osborne, PJympton, Lambton : With the amount of machinery we have, there is not much 
 demand for hired help. No rule for |he average wage. Self-binders bid fair to become universal. Hay 
 horse rakes on every farm ; hay horse forks also being introduced ; not aware of any hay-loaders or tedders 
 used around here yet. Binders are largely introduced and do away with hired help. 
 
 James Tremeer, Hullett, Huron : Wages are somewhat lower than they have been owing to the labor- 
 saving machines in use. Among these the self-binder is most prominent; farmers are beginning to under- 
 stand them better and purchase them, and they are being simphfied in construction. Many farmers own 
 binders in shares who could not singly. 
 
 John Varcoe, Colborne, Huron : The supply of laborers has been ample, but first-class men are very 
 scarce ; wages per day with board $1.00 to $1.25 and about $25 to $30 per month for one or two months in 
 the harvest. The extensive use of self-binders and other labor-saving machinery has greatly reduced the 
 demand for labor in the harvest time. 
 
 Hugh McPhee, Ashfield, Huron : Labor supply sufficient. Binders are fast coming into use. Those 
 who are provided with reapers still retain them, but almost all who buy invest in a binder. Wages per day, 
 with board in harvest, $1.25. Tor July, and August, with board, about $25 per month. Girls per month 
 ■from $6 to $8 and scarce at that. 
 
 D. McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce : The labor supply appears to be equal to the demand this season, the 
 reason, I believe, being that fewer hands are employed on account of so many self-binders and other labor- 
 saving machines being in use. A boy now-a-days can do the work that it took an able-bodied man to do a 
 very few years ago ; another reason is that farmers find it to their advantage to grow less grain and more 
 live stock. Wages have fallen since last harvest, but are not yet on a level with the price of farmer's 
 produce. 
 
 John Douglas, Arran, Bruce : Labor is abundant this season. Self-binders and other labor saving 
 implements have come to the rescue of the farmers from the high rate of wages prevailing at this season for 
 some years. The work done by the self-binders this year is very satisfactory to the farmers, and a lasting 
 credit to the manufacturers of Canada. Wages of men from $16 to $22 per month and board. 
 
 Peteir Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : Labor supply insufficient ; binders are taking the place of the rake" 
 reaper, and there is no sale for the latter now. Wages $25 to $30 per month and board. 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : Farmers are using more machinery every year, which lessens the demand 
 for hired help. Self-binders are being introduced slowly, but steadily, this being a new township. Sufficient 
 help can be procured at $1.00 per day in haying and $1.25 for harvesting, with board. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Labor-saving implements are coming into more general use ; in fact, any 
 man who means to get along cannot do without them. A few self-binders are in use in the township. No 
 extra help required for haying ; most farmers hire their hands for the summer. 
 
 Angus Bell, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : Self-binders and other labor-saving implements are in general use 
 throughout this township. Harvest hands are paid from $1.00 to $1.50 per day. 
 
 George McLean, Oro, Simcoe : Plenty of help in haying and fall wheat harvesting. No self-binders 
 T^ed in this vicinity. Nearly every farmer has a reaper, mower and sulky-rake. Wages about $1.00 per day 
 and board. 
 
 George Douglas, London, Middlesex : Farmers in this neighborhood nearly all engage men in the 
 spring, hiring them for not less than six months, paying about sixteen dollars per month. Grain is to a 
 great extent out by binders. 
 
 James Alexander, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Labor supply plenty ; wages from $1.00 to $1.25, with board. 
 Nearly all the grain has been cut with self-binders, which would soon come into general use were the price 
 a little more reasonable, say about $150. 
 
 J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex : The labor supply has been sufficient, but first-class men are scarce. 
 Self-binders are coming more into use every year ; so are seeders, hay forks and other elevators. Very few 
 men are engaged by the day ; by the month, vrith board, from $12 to $18 is paid. 
 
 F. Malcolm, Blandford, Oxford : With the improved machinery of to-day, the demand for extra help 
 in harvest has greatly fallen off. Self-binders have been a great boon to farmers. There is quite a sufficiency 
 of farm help ; wages .$18 per month, for seven or eight months ; $175 per year. 
 
 N. Smith, West Oxford, Oxford : Owing to the general use of self-binders and other labor-saving 
 machinery and the very favorable weather, there has been an abundance in the labor supply. Wages have 
 been from $1.00 to $1.25 per day for haying and harvest till now. 
 
 Duncan McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Labor supply plentiful and rate of wages about $30 per month with 
 board. The season has been characterized by the introduction of an unusually large number of self-binders, 
 which appear to give general satisfaction. 
 
 Thomas Steele, Downie, Perth : The labor supply is equal to the demand ; self-binders are coming into 
 use very fast and do their work well. The rate of wages for the two harvest months will be from $25 to $30 
 per month. 
 
55 
 
 Wm. Douglas, Onondaga, Brant : We are getting more binders every year ; there would be more 
 purdKased only tlie manufacturers have combined to, keep up the price. The rate of wages about the same 
 as last year, $1.25 per day and board. 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eram.osa, Wellington : Labor supply quite sufficient to meet demand, with wages lower 
 than two or three years ago; about $45 tor two months in haying and harvest, or $1 to $1.25 per day, being 
 the rate. The binder is causing much grumbling amongst hay laborers, as it makes the farmer almost 
 independent of their services. 
 
 D. Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington ; Labor supply in haying and harvest appears to be equal to the 
 demand. There are a good many self-binders at work, so there is not much extra help required. The 
 average wages by the month for the summer is $18. 
 
 Christian T. Groh, Waterloo, Waterloo : Laboring hands were up to demand ; harvest hands were also 
 to be had ; the self-binder is becoming a general farm implement on farms of 200 acres ; rate of wages in 
 haying was $1.25 per day ; harvest $1.50 per day. 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, North Dumfries, Waterloo ; labor supply abundant ; self-binders the rule all round, and 
 with hay tedders and loaders theParmers are doing the most of their own work, with much less hired help 
 than formerly. Servant girls are the great want at any wage. 
 
 John Cornelias, E. Garafraxa, Dufferin : There is a sufficient supply of farm hands at $15 to $18 per 
 inonth ; self-binders and other machinery are quite common, so that there is very little hired help needed. 
 
 Adam Spears, Caistor, Lincoln : Laborers have been hired for the hay and harvest for $16 to $20 a 
 month, or $1.00 to $1.50 per day, with no lack of hands. Self-binders are doing a good share of the 
 harvesting, making the demand less for lal^or. 
 
 J. R. Snure, Louth, Lincoln : There has been enough of good labor in haying at $1.00 with board per 
 day, and $1.50 with board in harvest. Self-binders are getting very common in this section now. 
 
 Bobt. Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : The supply of labor has been more than is needed on account 
 ■of the lightness of the crops ; self-binders are coming into general use. Horse-power hay forks are also a 
 great saving of labor. Wages, $1.00 in haying and $1.25 in harvest. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The supply of farm laborers during the busy season was equal to 
 the demand, and, had it not been for the greed of the manufacturers in formmg a ring to keep up the price 
 of their binders, many farmers would have bought this year who refused to do so on account of being 
 compelled to give a price fixed by the monopolists. Other implements plentiful ; and as to wages, they are 
 nearly same as last year. The low price of grain does not seem to affect the wages of men during the 
 harvest or busy times. 
 
 Wm. McDonald, Esquesing, Halton : Haying and harvesting are getting to-be easy work now ; with 
 Tack-Ufters, hay -forks and self-binders, two men can do now what a few years ago would take four or five to 
 •do ; the greatest objection to self-binders- is the monopoly on the twine, as it costs 12 cents per pound, 
 -when a better quality of manilla mado into rope can be bought for 9 cents per pound ; since harvesting 
 began men are asking $1.25 per day. , 
 
 Wm. Kersey, Toronto Gore, Peel : There has been a plentiful supply of harvest hands, and wages 
 lower than for a number of years, rating about $30 for one month, $55 for two months, $1.25 per day. Self- 
 binders are coming more into general use ; about one-half or more of the farmers have got one. They not 
 only save a great deal of hard work, but leave a part of the hands, that were formerly all employed in the 
 harvest-field, to work on the fallows and root crops and other work that was partly neglected about this 
 -time of year. 
 
 George Evans, jr., Georgina, York : The labor supply for haying and fall wheat harvest was sufficient, 
 and is likely to be the remainder of harvest, almost every farmer uses self-bindfers, mowers, sulkey-rakes, 
 etc., which causes little demand for harvest hands. . The rate of wages by the day is $1.00, by the month for 
 haying and harvesting about $25, and for the summer months $14 to $16 per month. 
 
 K. P. Harman, XJxbridge, Ontario : There is plenty of help at fair wages. Self-binders are in general 
 use, nearly every fanner usmg them. Other implements are largely in use. Wages from $18 to $20 per 
 month with board, and $1.25 per day_without board. 
 
 E. Hodges, West Whitby, Ontario : We had a plentiful supply of labor in haying and still a few men 
 out of employ. Self-binders are being used ; one-half of the farmers have them in this locality. In haying, 
 wages $1.00T)er day with board. 
 
 Eobt. Moment, Clarke, Durham : Labor supply is quite equal to the demand. Self-binders and other 
 labor-saving implements have enabled the farmer to do all his own work with his regular help, ,Md the 
 fanner gets through his harvest just as easily as. he does his seeding or preparing for seeding. Kate of 
 wages— about $15 to $16 per month, per day $1.25. 
 
 R. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : Self-binders and other labor-saving implements are largely used ; 
 75 per cent, of the grain will probably be cut by self-binders ; other implements m proportion, bufficient 
 supply of labor j wages $1.00 per day, $16 per month. 
 
 John Riddell, South Monaghan, Northumberland ; The labor supply in hay and harvest appears equal 
 to the demand. Self-binders and other labor-saving implements are more numerous than ever before. Rate 
 ■of wages, for good men during hay and harvest, is $25 to $30 and board per month. 
 
 John Wniiams, Hamilton, Northumberland : Full supply of laborers. A limited number of self- 
 binders only in use ; a large number of mowers and reapers m use. Wages rather lower than last year ; 
 from $1.00 to $1.50 per day. 
 
 Saml. N. Smith, Sophiasburgh, Prince Edward: Labor supply was plentiful in haying, and seems so 
 for harvesting other crops. There are a few using self-binders, and they give the best of satisfaction. A 
 reaper wUl bl only a thing to look at if the self-binders get into ^general use and have some sUght improve- 
 ments in them. Wages a?e about $16 per month for the best with board, and about $22 without board. 
 
56 
 
 Nelson Rose, N. Marysburgh, Prince Edward : Labor supply hardly up to the demand. Wiiihave 
 plenty of mowers and reapers, but only two binders to my knowledge in the township. Wages— SS.'OO in 
 haying, and $1.25 in harvest per day with board. 
 
 John Sharp, Ernesttown, Lennox and Addington : Very few self-binders : abundance of reaping and 
 mowing machines. Not much scarcity joi help ; men are to be had at $1.00 per day, haying or harvesting. 
 
 David James Walker, Storrin^on, Erontenac : No scarcity of men in haying and harvest. Only a few 
 self-binders in the township, but give good satisfaction where used. Every fanner has a reaper and mower, 
 horse rake, etc., etc. The weather has been very favorable, and hands are not in much demand. Wages, 
 $1.00 per day and board in harvest, and from $13 to $18 per month and board. 
 
 Isaiah Wright, Augusta, Grenville : Labor supply in haying was good. Some self-binders in use in 
 this locality, and all kinds of agricultural implements are in use. Wages from $18 to $26 per month. 
 
 Albert Ab.o ott, Elizabethtown, Leeds: Labor supply has been plentiful. A good many farmers have 
 got jself-binders and other labor saving implements. Wages are about $1.00 to $1.25 per day with board. 
 
 .James CoUison, Matilda, Dundas : Labor supply all that was wanted. As the land ■ is low, not many 
 self-binders are used. I only know of one in the township. Wages $20.00 per month, $1.00 per day. 
 
 Robt. Vallance, Osnabruck, Stormont : Hands enough from 80 cents to $1.00 per day with board, by 
 the month $20.00. A few self-binders coming into use. 
 
 James Cattanaoh, Lancaster, Glengarry : The supply of laborers for the harvest is sufficient. All wit''^ 
 few exceptions, have reapers, but there are only a few self-binders as yet. The rate of wages is generally 
 higher on account of the 0. and Q. railroad going on here just now ; a dollar a day for the time worked. 
 
 Wm. MoClintock, E. Hawkesbury, Prescott : The supply is equal to the demand ; wages are somewhat 
 higher than last year, $18.00 with board. Reapers are in general use. No self-binders ; oats and pease are 
 the chief grains, with enough wheat for family use, so it will not pay to get self-binders for the small 
 quantity of wheat that is raised by one farmer. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton : Labor supply plentiful. With the use of self-binders and other imple- 
 ments, there are no- more men required in harvest than any other part of the summer. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : The labor supply is better this season than the jjast few seasons ; 
 no trouble to get men at $15 to $16 per month and board. There will not be many self-binders sold here 
 this season, but quite a few reapers will be sold. . 
 
 James Eindlay, Westmeath, Renfrew : Self-binders are very generally coming into use ; they effect 
 great saving of cut in harvesting. 
 
 Jno. Carter, Brougham, Renfrew : The labor supply is sufficient, machinery for the last two years 
 having taken its place. Rate of wages $15 per month with board, $22 without board. 
 
 P. Corley, S. Sherbrooke, Lanark : The supply of labor hands was all that was required ; wages from 
 $1.00 to $1.25 per day with board. Quite a supply of mowers round here this season ; no self-binders but 
 lots of common reapers. 
 
 A. F. Stewart, Beckwith, Lanark ; Wages from $15 to $20 per month with board for six months 
 according to quality of men. More binders and seeders sold than any other previous year. 
 
 Thomas Smithson, Eenelon, Victoria : A great many self-binders were purchased this season, which 
 makes harvesting easy and slackens the demand for laborers. Day laborers $1.00, with board ; per month, 
 for harvesting, $20 to $25. ' 
 
 Amos Howkins, Eldon, Victoria : On account of so many self-binders being introduced a good man can 
 be got for $25 per month ; before their introduction we had to pay $40 and over for one month in harvest. 
 Domestic help rules high and quality poor at that ; caused by so many going to the cities, where they say 
 there is not so much drudgery as on a farm, and wages are higher. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterborough : Self-binders are used to a very limited extent ; there being only 
 some eight or ten in the township. Wages $1.00 per day and board, and from $16 to $18 with board for 
 six months. \ 
 
 M. Molntyre, North Monaghau, Peterborough : Labor supply is plentiful. Self-binders are used very 
 much ; most all farmers have them, and those that have not, employ them to cut their grain. Wages about 
 $1.25 per day. 
 
 E. R. Curry, Anson, Haliburton : Wages $20 to $25 per month with board. Fair supply of labor. 
 Quite a number of hay-rakes and mowers have been introduced into this district the last few years. 
 
 Wilmot Vandervoort, Rawdon, Hastings : There is no extra supply of farm help, and it is impossible to- 
 get a man for a day's work if you want one. Self-binders are coming into play very fast. They will be 
 m general use in two or three years. Wages from $15 to $25 per month. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : The labor supply I think was quite sufficient. There is a very 
 limited number of self-binders. I think they will become more general when the reapers the farmers have 
 on hand fail. Wages $1.00 per day or $20 per month. 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Monck, Muskoka : Plenty of labor. Mowers, reapers, rakes and railway forks are 
 common enough. Wages, $1.00 per diem with board. 
 
 Edward Bray, jr., Stisted, Muskoka : There is no machinery used in this neighborhood, except a few 
 mowing machines and horse rakes. Wages about $1.00 per day, with board. 
 
 Capt. D. Macfarlane, Foley, Parry Sound : Labor supply in haying sufficient. The hay rake is being 
 introduced with good results. It will be some time yet before mowers become general. Wages about $1.25 
 per day, with board. 
 
 A. McNabb, Thessalon, Algoma : Labor supply is, sufficient. Labor-saving implements are not very 
 plentiful yet. The average rate of wages is about $15 per month with board. 
 
57 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 The following extracts are made from the General Remarks of correspondents : 
 
 J. Robertson, Southwold, Elgin : It seems to me that the cry against the Dominion and the Ontario. 
 Governments, for assisting immigration, is fallacious, and a bid for the labor vote of towns and cities. There 
 never was a time in Canada when good agricultural laborers could not find employment, if willing to work 
 for a fair remuneration. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : The season has been one of the driest and coolest I can remember to have 
 experienced, yet the yield of hay and most cereals will be surprising where the land has been well drained 
 and otherwise properly cultivated and grain sown early. 
 
 W. W. Revington, Biddulph, Middlesex : I think the information furnished by the reports of the- 
 Ontario Bureau should be interesting and profitable to every farmer. They supply much reliable inf ormatioii 
 from every part of the province, showing what crops, if any, sufltered, and from what cause ; also what the 
 various farmers and stooknfen deem the most remunerative in the various parts of the province, and their 
 reasons for such preference. This is very interesting to other farmers. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : You ought to urge upon agricultural societies the impoytation of 
 seed wheat from Manitoba. The wheat we bought was frozen, and some people objected to sowing it, but it 
 grew just as well as the best seed, and was the purest I ever saw. 
 
 Thomas Frood, Sudbury, Nipissing : Crops look very well for the time in. Frost has done very little 
 harm, and we have cool nights and frequent showers. Wheat is very fine in j)romise, hay is excellent, and 
 new potatoes are more plentiful though planted in .June. Mining is being carried on by the Canada Copper 
 Co. with about fifty men, and a large quantity of lumber has been taken in for building. A branch railway 
 over two miles long has been located, and everything is done with a view to permanent operations. 
 
 THE CROPS ELSEWHERE. 
 
 The fall wheat harvest of the United States, according to the July report of the 
 Washington Department of Agriculture, has not quite realized expectations. The 
 average was 91.2 as compared with 92.7 a month earlier. The average of last year's crop 
 at harvesting was only 65 and the total product about 212,000,000 bushels, so that, 
 although the acreage was somewhat less this yeftr the product is very considerably greater. 
 It is assumed that the' winter wheat alone will be nearly enough for home consumption 
 and seed, and that the equivalent of the spring wheat product will be available for 
 exportation. The August returns, as appears by a bulletin issued on the 10th inst., show 
 an improvement, in condition in Iowa, a small decline in Wisconsin and Nebraska and a. 
 heavy reduction in Dakota. The causes of the deterioration are drought and chinch bugs. 
 The heat has been excessive in many districts that have produced a yield, notwithstanding 
 the harvest is two weeks earlier than usual, and the quality is unusually good except in 
 sections where heavy loss from blight has occurred. The general average of condition is 
 reduced from 83.2 toSO.l. At the time of the harvest last year the average was 86. 
 There has been a heavy decline in the condition of corn since July 1 ; the average, which 
 was then 95, is reduced to 81. The heaviest decline is in Illinois, Wisconsin and states, 
 west of the Mississippi. In the Eastern and Middle States the condition is well main- 
 tained. It indicates a croo not much exceeding 22 bushels (shelled corn) per acre, the 
 total area being 75,000,000 acres. The average of spring rye is 88. There has been no 
 material decline in oats, the average condition being 87. Barley has maintained its con- 
 dition, and nearly an average crop is assured. The condition of buckwheat averages 94, 
 tobacco 82, and potatoes 88. 
 
 The latest estimates as to the probable yields of wheat in various foreign countries, 
 place the probable crop of the United Kingdom at 57,000,000 bushels, or 25,000,000' 
 bushels less than in 1885. Serious damage is reported in south Russia from rams ; in 
 Austria Hungary the yield is disappointing ; in Roumania wet weather has delayed the 
 harvest ; in Germany also the weather has been unsettled, but an average wheat crop is 
 expected, while in France the stock is low and the crop is variously reported. The India, 
 exports are expected to be about equal to last year's. Concerning the Indian wheat- 
 trade a leading London (Eng.) journal writes as follows : 
 
 A report which has just been issued by the.Revenus and Agricultural Department of the government, 
 of India enables us to get something like a definite notion of the present position oi *"« in'i""'^yp^^V„^!T 
 and *o form more precise opinions than have hitherto been possible with respect to the future. J.ne normal 
 
58 
 
 area under wheat in India is estimated at 26,000,000 acres, and the average yield at 7,135,000 tons. The 
 harvest for the year 1885-86, however, testifies to a continued expansion in the production, the area having 
 been 27,392,742 acres. The yield was also unusually large, the total being estimated at 7,739,424 tons. Indian 
 wheat is now divided into two principal classes, red and white, and each of these is again subdivided into 
 hard and soft wheat. These several descriptions appear to be pretty generally cultivated in the wheat- 
 growing districts, though of course one or the other preponderates in given localities. In the north-west 
 provinces and Oude both red and white appear to be equally grown on about one-fourth the total area under 
 wheat in India. In the Berars hard red wheat is the most common variety. In the central provinces both 
 soft and hard wheats are grown. In the Punjaub upwards of one-fourth the total wheat area of India is 
 mainly devoted to soft red wheat. In the Bombay presidency, again, soft red and white wheats are almost 
 exclusively grown, except in the Deccan. The foreign demadd is of course largely influenced by the special 
 purposes for which 'these several descriptions are adapted, the hard white of the Deccan, for instance, being 
 largely exported to Italy for use in the manufacture of macaroni. The ppecial qualities and adaptability of 
 the wheat for particular purposes are important factors in considering the probable future of the trade, and 
 not less interesting are the tendencies as regards distribution. The following table, showing the exports to 
 -each market during the last four years, deserves attention : 
 
 1882-3. 1883-4. 1884-5. 1885-6. 
 
 Countries. Tons. Tuns. Tons. Tons. 
 
 United Kingdom 328,758 52.5,413 372,249 603,561 
 
 Belgium 72,944 129,678 86,934 133,079 
 
 Trance 178,385 169,895 165,748 107,262 
 
 Holland 28,912 9,637 4,627 4,296 
 
 Italy 8,806 22,276 35,045 00,913 
 
 Egypt •. 39,977 165,299 110,575 114,807 
 
 Other countries 49,438 25,626 17,536 29,107 
 
 Totals 707.220 1,047,824 792,714 1,053,025 
 
 It is evident that' even during the last four years external conditions have directly affected the Indian 
 -wheat exports. Thus the abundant harvest and large stocks in the United States and Europe in 1883-84 
 were followed by a marked falling off in the Indian trade in 1884-85. In 1884-85 the crops in the United 
 States and Russia were alike considerably below the average, and this circumstance was followed by a 
 renewed increase in the Indian exports. Practically India seems to compete rather with Russia than with 
 other grain-producing countries, as the following table of the wheat exports of both countries to the United 
 Kingdom seems to show : 
 
 Mussia. British. India 
 
 Tons. Tons. 
 
 1883 ;. . * 664,667 562,174 
 
 1884 270,098 400,495 
 
 1885 ; ;..'....' 599,317 605,098 
 
 Thus the position of Russia and India, so far as supplying this country with wheat is concerned, seems 
 to be in process of reversal. During the first three months of the current year, however, the export trade 
 of the United States has also suffered, the exports from British India to this country being 162,110 tons, or 
 nearly double the quantity exported during the first quarter of 1885, while the wheat exports from the 
 United States to this country were only 176,461 tons, or about halt the quantity sent during the correspond- 
 ing period last year. We can, however, scarcely look forward to India glutting foreign markets with wheat 
 if we take into consideration the special circumstances of India. It wiU be seen from the figures already 
 quoted that vrith a full crop India is only able to export about one-seventh of her production, whereas the 
 maximum yield of the United States in 1884-85 exceeded the home requirements for consumption and 
 seeding by about 57 per cent. Now not only is the proportion of the Indian surplus to the home require- 
 ments, therefore, relatively small, but the Indian population is enormously large and still very poor. In a. 
 country under the climatic conditions of India local failures of the crops involving famines must still be 
 expected, and with a teeming population and a relatively small surplus such local failures would have a 
 much greater and more pronipt effect in extinguishing exports than in a country like America, where the 
 surplus is relatively large. It is satisfactory to find that along with the increase m the cultivation of wheat 
 the cultivation of other food crops has also been extended. But this alone suggests that the soil and chmate 
 of India are adapted for the production of many more products than the WesteVn States of America will 
 yield, and there is therefore much less temptation in India to run solely into wheat cultivation that exists 
 in America. 
 
TABLES OF THE 
 
 WEATHER, CROPS, LIVE STOCK, 
 
 AND 
 
60 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. I. — Monthly temperature for May, June and July, 1886, showing the highest, the lowest, the. 
 mean highest, the mean, lowest and the mean temperature of each month. 
 
 Month. 
 
 May . 
 
 June. 
 
 July 
 
 Tempeeatcre. 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest . 
 Mean lowest . . 
 Monthly mean. 
 
 73.5 
 
 32.1 
 
 61.02 
 
 42.11 
 
 61.66 
 
 88.5 
 
 38.2 
 
 69.74 
 
 51.05 
 
 60.61 
 
 81.0 
 
 32.5 
 
 64.50 
 
 43.21 
 
 55.67 
 
 80.0 
 
 40.0 
 
 71.23 
 
 51.42 
 
 63.70 
 
 89.6 87.0 
 42.8 I 45.0 
 
 73.76 
 64.32 
 64.43 
 
 76.17 
 54.19 
 68.00 
 
 86.5 
 
 32.6 
 
 70.21 
 
 44.34 
 
 68.34 
 
 93.2 
 
 42.1 
 
 77.77 
 
 52.93 
 
 66.38 
 
 96.2 
 
 40.0 
 
 82.60 
 
 57.36 
 
 71.34 
 
 79.2 
 
 30.4 
 
 65.60 
 
 42.94 
 
 64.43 
 
 84.9 
 
 37.2 
 
 72.40 
 
 50.44 
 
 61.91 
 
 91.7 
 
 43.8 
 
 77.30 
 
 53.10 
 
 65.70 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 85.8 
 
 33.1 
 
 67.11 
 
 39.99 
 
 56.38 
 
 85.8 
 
 •38.1 
 
 75.30 
 
 49.27 
 
 64.03 
 
 96.3 
 
 41.2 
 
 81.35 
 
 .52.66 
 
 70.35 
 
 78.5 
 
 35.1 
 
 62.40 
 
 43.51 
 
 53.20 
 
 81.1 
 
 41.3 
 
 71.12 
 
 51.06 
 
 60.90 
 
 89.5 
 
 47.5 
 
 76.55 
 
 56.92 
 
 66.79 
 
 77.7 
 
 33.1 
 
 66.83 
 
 42.76 
 
 54.69 
 
 87.6 
 
 40.1 
 
 75.12 
 
 51.31 
 
 64.70 
 
 92.6 
 
 44.2 
 
 78.37 
 
 65.12 
 
 S9.00 
 
 n 
 
 77.8 
 
 32.5 
 
 64.45 
 
 41.54 
 
 53.73 
 
 90.8 
 
 41.0 
 
 74.68 
 
 60.08 
 
 62.91 
 
 97.0 
 
 41.5 
 
 80.38 
 
 64.44 
 
 68.69 
 
 s 
 o 
 O 
 
 79.3 
 
 37.0 
 
 66.95 
 
 45.63 
 
 56.63 
 
 44.6 
 74.01 
 53.37 
 63.98 
 
 91.3 
 
 48.2 
 
 79.48 
 
 58.13 
 
 69.06 
 
 
 80.6 
 31.4 
 68.97 
 43.84 
 65. 6r 
 
 86.9 
 
 41.4 
 
 75.44: 
 
 52.35- 
 
 61.63' 
 
 96.1 
 
 45.0 
 
 78.66- 
 
 55.91 
 
 66.92; 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during May, June and July, 1886, showing 
 the number of hours the sun was abpve thp horizon each month, the hours of registered sunshine,, 
 and the totals for the three months. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Hours of 
 Sun above 
 horizon. 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 03 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .® 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 (£ 
 
 May 
 
 461.1 
 465.7 
 470.9 
 
 264.6 
 278.3 
 248.2 
 
 246.2 
 248.1 
 260.0 
 
 250.5 
 216.3 
 271.3 
 
 229.2 
 253.8 
 236.3 
 
 261.9 
 270.8 
 277.9 
 
 263.2 
 253.2 
 269.4 
 
 246.9 
 228.4 
 246.3 
 
 232.6 
 216.3 
 228.8 
 
 226.2 
 218.1 
 262.9 
 
 165.1 
 
 
 127.5- 
 
 July 
 
 216.7 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1397.7 
 
 791.1 
 
 764.3 
 
 738.1 
 
 719.3 
 
 810.6 
 
 785.8 
 
 721.6 
 
 677.7 
 
 707.2 
 
 509.3 
 
 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Monthly summary of the average fall of rain and snow, in the several districts of 
 
 Ontario, for May, June and July, 1886. 
 
 
 Months. 
 
 W. AND S. "W. 
 
 N. W. AND N. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 E. AND N. E. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 May 
 
 inches. 
 
 2.18 
 2.57 
 1.95 
 
 inches. 
 
 inches. 
 
 1.26 
 2.35 
 1.51 
 
 inches. 
 S. 
 
 8. 
 
 inches. 
 
 2.14 
 1.94 
 2,19 
 
 inches. 
 
 inches.. 
 
 1.67 
 3.10 
 3.43 
 
 inches. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 
 
 Tetal 
 
 
 
 6.70 
 
 
 5.12 
 
 6.27 
 
 
 8.20 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
61 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. IV.— Summary of the total fall of Rain, and of the number of days on which rain fell in 
 Ontario during the months of May, June and July, 1886. 
 
 
 Obskbvee. 
 
 Mat. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Rain, 
 
 No. of 
 Days. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 No. of 
 Days. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 No. of 
 Days. 
 
 nntftam 
 
 W. E. WagstaH 
 
 2.71 
 2.63 
 2.60 
 
 2.24 
 2.71 
 2.26 
 
 2.96 
 2.36 
 2.62 
 2.48 
 
 2.38 
 2.51 
 
 2.30 
 2.74 
 2.39 
 1.89 
 2.10 
 
 1.44 
 2.47 
 1.29 
 
 1.46 
 2.54 
 1.37 
 
 1.20 
 1.52 
 1.63 
 
 1.50 
 1.16 
 1.60 
 
 2.33 
 2.79 
 1.41 
 2.89 
 2.54 
 
 3.52 
 1.95 
 1.98 
 
 2.00 
 3.38 
 3.72 
 
 1.79 
 2.29 
 
 3-. 07 
 
 1.63 
 
 2.46 
 
 6 
 9 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 5 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 9 
 4 
 9 
 
 5 
 9 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 5.24 
 1.71 
 2.84 
 
 2.06 
 3.77 
 1.76 
 
 3.00 
 2.92 
 2.99 
 2.75 
 
 3.14 
 2.89 
 
 2.18 
 •0.88 
 1.15 
 1.53 
 1.90 
 
 2.61 
 1.95 
 1.86 
 
 2.76 
 1.88 
 3.86 
 
 2.30 
 2.28 
 3.23 
 
 1.83 
 2.90 
 2.89 
 
 1.29 
 1.87 
 1.98 
 2.39 
 2.01 
 
 3.68 
 2.43 
 
 2.82 
 
 2.25 
 2.61 
 2.94 
 
 3.39 
 
 1.88 
 
 3.68 
 4.03 
 2.49 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 6 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 11 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 10 
 14 
 
 4 
 12 
 12 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 13 
 13 
 
 8 
 12 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 11 
 10 
 
 0.68 
 0.74 
 3.52 
 
 ■ 2.28 
 1.30 
 2.75 
 
 2.25 
 3.00 
 2.38 
 3.22 
 
 1.61 
 1.43 
 
 1.76 
 0.76 
 1.27 
 2.13 
 2.31 
 
 1.45 
 1.68 
 2.25 
 
 0.60 
 1.34 
 0.92 
 
 1.60 
 1.06 
 0.98 
 
 2.03 
 2.36 
 2.57 
 
 2.45 
 2.41 
 1.19 
 1.15 
 2.08 
 
 2.13 
 2.12 
 0.71 
 
 1.64 
 1.60 
 1.36 
 
 ].38 
 1.74 
 
 1.53 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.64 
 
 7 
 
 Maidstone 
 
 T. F. Kane ... 
 
 5 
 
 A. Sinclair, M. A 
 
 W. R. FeUowes 
 
 5 
 
 Kent : 
 
 5 
 
 Dealtown 
 
 S. J. Pardo 
 
 Q 
 
 Thos. Scane, P.L.S 
 
 W. H. Draper 
 
 7 
 
 .JElgin: 
 
 6 
 
 
 Samuel MacooU 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 NOBFOLK : 
 
 Port Dover 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Iambton : 
 
 Birnam 
 
 S. Williams 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 D. S. Patterson, B. A.... 
 J S Mellor 
 
 6 
 
 Alex. Smyth 
 
 6 
 
 
 Wm. Mowbray . 
 
 3 
 
 Thedford 
 
 Martin Wattson 
 
 D. Roas 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 HnBON : 
 Goderich 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A 
 
 George Hood 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 
 G. Hess 
 
 10 
 
 Bruce : 
 
 Wm. Woodman 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 Mrs. K. Stewart 
 
 C. H. Henning 
 
 John McLean 
 
 9 
 
 Oeet: 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 John McKenzie < 
 
 S. B. Spotton, M.A.... 
 
 Jas. N. Lazonby 
 
 H. A. Eitton 
 
 7 
 
 Simcoe : 
 
 ^. Barrie 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 Orillia 
 
 10 
 
 Middlesex : 
 Ailsa Craig 
 
 .Tohn Rennie 
 
 3 
 
 A'. Francis, M.D 
 
 James Grant 
 
 9 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 E. B. Reed 
 
 7 
 
 
 Henry Anderson 
 
 Thomas Wright 
 
 7 
 
 
 R 
 
 
 David Beamer 
 
 5 
 
 
 N. Wolverton, B.A 
 
 T. M. Molntyre, M.A. . . 
 John Kay 
 
 6 
 
 Bbant : 
 
 4 
 
 Paris 
 
 9 
 
 
 Dr. Kitchen 
 
 5 
 
 Perth : 
 
 Alex. McKay 
 
 9 
 
 Stratford ,. 
 
 "Wellington : 
 
 Wm. McBride, M.A.... 
 A. D. Ferrier 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 Waterloo : 
 Conestogo 
 
 DurFEBIN : 
 
 
 5 
 
 N. Gordon 
 
 6 
 
62 
 
 TABLE No. IV.— THE WE ATKEH.— Continued. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Wentwokth : 
 
 Copetown 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Stoney Creek 
 
 Halton : 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Yoek: 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Georgina 
 
 Scarboro' 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Oktakio : 
 
 Oshawa 
 
 Port Perry 
 
 DuBHAM : 
 
 Port Hope 
 
 Lennox and Addinoton ; 
 
 Denbigh 
 
 Fbontknac : 
 
 HarrowBinith 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Leeds and Gbenville: 
 
 Frescott 
 
 Stoemont : 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Cableton : 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Renpbbw : 
 
 Northcote 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Rockliife 
 
 Lanark : 
 
 Oliver's Ferry 
 
 VlOTOEIA : 
 
 Bobcaygeon 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Peterborough : 
 
 Burleigh 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 'Norwood 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Halibubton : 
 
 Minden 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings : 
 
 Deaeronto 
 
 L'Amable 
 
 Shannonville 
 
 Muskoea : 
 
 Bala 
 
 ' Charlinch 
 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 J<3ly 
 
 Parry Sound: 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Axe Lake 
 
 Algoha : 
 
 Port Arthur 
 
 mg 
 
 Capt. Sibbald, K.N. 
 
 R. Martin 
 
 Observatory 
 
 Rev. J. Middleton. 
 Rev. Dr. Carry 
 
 John Foott . 
 James Lane. 
 
 Obsebteb. 
 
 John Ireland 
 
 T. S. Campbell .... 
 C.F. Van Wagner. 
 
 J. Barber 
 
 John Donnelly 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 
 C. Chapman 
 
 D. W. Johnston . 
 A. McGill, M.A. 
 
 F. Kosmark 
 
 E. Odium, M. A. . 
 W. E. Smallfield. 
 W. H. Mclntyre. 
 
 A. E. Hume 
 
 John Stewart . 
 Thos. Beall... 
 
 Wm. Molllmough. . . 
 Thomas Tellford.... 
 Rev. J. Carmichael. 
 Wm. Tassie, M. A. . . 
 
 M. Brown 
 
 C. R. Stewart. 
 
 Messers. Rathburn . 
 
 Benjamin Spurr 
 
 John Kemp 
 
 E. B. Sutton 
 
 C.J. Tisdall 
 
 T. M. Robinson. . . . 
 George Amberry . . . 
 
 Rev. R. Mosley. , 
 John Clapton — 
 
 Wm. Cooke. 
 
 Mat. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 3.54 
 
 1.44 
 2.01 
 
 0.68 
 1.94 
 1.91 
 1.88 
 
 1.B3 
 1.17 
 
 1.76 
 1.08 
 0.93 
 
 1.74 
 1.35 
 1.19 
 1.62 
 
 1.45 
 1.36 
 
 0.73 
 
 No. of 
 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 9 
 6 
 8 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 / 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 5 
 2 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 . 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 June. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 1.70 
 0.97 
 1.62 
 
 1.99 
 
 2.63 
 2.04 
 2.11 
 1.92 
 
 2.07 
 2.78 
 
 2.60 
 
 3.21 
 
 3.49 
 2.88 
 
 3.98 
 
 4.69 
 
 3.11 
 
 4.19 
 3.00 
 3.57 
 4.07 
 
 3.75 
 
 2.76 
 2.83 
 
 1.65 
 3.00 
 3.51 
 2.80 
 
 3.31 
 3.49 
 
 0.95 
 3.52 
 1.83 
 
 3.07 
 3.62 
 2.47 
 3.61 
 
 2.(14 
 2.74 
 
 1.91 
 
 No. of 
 Day* 
 
 '9 
 5 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 12 
 11 
 12 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 14 
 12 
 15 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 July. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 1.36 
 
 .40 
 
 ,81 
 
 ,00 
 
 86 
 ,25 
 
 94 
 
 37 
 
 ,77 
 
 00, 
 40 
 79 
 80 
 
 35 
 
 27 
 
 ,63 
 ,39 
 ,45 
 
 .29 
 .18 
 .54 
 .36 
 
 .56 
 .10 
 
 1.63 
 
63 
 
 WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS. 
 
 TABLE No. v.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the areas of Fall Wheat, 
 Spring Wheat, Barley and Oats in Ontario, and their produce as estimated August 2nd, 1886 ; ako, the 
 average for the four years 1882-6. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 Spring Wheat. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres, 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Kssex 
 
 32,138 
 63,567 
 42,405 
 34,797 
 34,612 
 22,761 
 
 658,829 
 1,296,767 
 894,746 
 584,590 
 505,335 
 462,048 
 
 1,744 
 3,456 
 3,366 
 1,066 
 2,891 
 1,528 
 
 25,288 
 53,568 
 51,011 
 16,051 
 37,294 
 18,947 
 
 ' 2,894 
 4,954 
 4,047 
 5,806 
 
 14,347 
 3,503 
 
 77,270 
 129,299 
 116,654 
 139,925 
 324,242 
 
 76,716 
 
 28,8521 
 
 1 95!9 Oflfi. 
 
 Kent 
 
 32,6161 i'92.s'inn. 
 
 Elgin 
 
 30,410 
 24,213 
 21,241 
 17,167 
 
 1,162,639 
 784,901 
 677,588 
 523,289 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 
 Welland 
 
 Totals 
 
 230,280 
 
 4,402,315 
 
 14,031 
 
 202,159 
 
 35,551 
 
 864,006 
 
 154,489 
 
 5,590,612 
 
 
 
 Lambton . 
 
 Huron 
 
 32,259 
 69,447 
 46,699 
 
 667,761 
 1,729,230 
 1,130,116 
 
 3,527,107 
 
 9,234 
 21,732 
 15,873 
 
 134,816 
 293,382 
 236,508 
 
 12,205 
 21,720 
 19,767 
 
 341,740 
 686,440 
 559,123 
 
 37,116 
 7.3,289 
 59,023 
 
 1,343,382: 
 2,704,364 
 
 Bruce '. . 
 
 2,095,317 
 
 Totals 
 
 148,405 
 
 46,839 
 
 664,706 
 
 53,682 
 
 1,487,303 
 
 169,422 
 
 6,143,063 
 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 22,703 
 43,541 
 
 447,249 
 674,886 
 
 38,329 
 36,088 
 
 601,765 
 700,107 
 
 25,271 
 28,741 
 
 692,425 
 844,986 
 
 87,139 
 68,014 
 
 2,919,157" 
 
 Simeoe 
 
 2,815,780 
 
 Totals 
 
 66,244 
 
 1.122.135 
 
 74,417 
 
 1,301,872 
 
 54.012 
 
 1,537,410 
 
 155,153 
 
 5,734,93r 
 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 64,948 
 35,179 
 30,175 
 47,772 
 25,401 
 40,011 
 9,998 
 
 1,422,361 
 745,795 
 494,870 
 
 1,036,652 
 485,159 
 868,239 
 186,963 
 
 18,763 
 13,779 
 
 1,495 
 13,084 
 19,521 
 
 5,529 
 17,989 
 
 270,187 
 176,371 
 
 14,950 
 187,101 
 298,671 
 
 68,007 
 253,646 
 
 11,749 
 13,604 
 18,206 
 13,243 
 33,145 
 14,734 
 13,039 
 
 346,696 
 391,795 
 600,665 
 373,453 
 1,017,552 
 422,866 
 357,269 
 
 68,745 
 51,197 
 16,946 
 54,171 
 69,930 
 34,184 
 29,152 
 324,325 
 
 2,591,687 
 
 Oxford 
 
 1,802,134 
 
 Brant 
 
 498,212 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington . ■ . . 
 
 1,993,498 
 2,580,417 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 1,234,042 
 
 
 1,093,200 
 
 Totals 
 
 253,484 
 
 5,240,039 
 
 90,160 
 
 1,268,932 
 
 117,720 
 
 3,410,196 
 
 11,793,185 
 
 
 
 
 23,100 
 
 32,413 
 
 20,418 
 
 28,791 
 
 29,761 
 
 4,994 
 
 2,959 
 
 9,172 
 
 1,211 
 
 441,210 
 528,332 
 267,476 
 619,007 
 616,053 
 110,867 
 
 68,353 
 234,803 
 
 27,005 
 
 2,183 
 
 2,853 
 
 3,224 
 
 , 10,779 
 
 24,754 
 
 46,157 
 
 31,535 
 
 25,154 
 
 5,877 
 
 30,780 
 
 40,513 
 
 44,169 
 
 170,308 
 
 502,.506 
 
 872,367 
 
 548,709 
 
 ^44,610 
 
 88,165 
 
 3,152 
 
 71.550 
 
 16,277 
 27,797 
 18,144 
 27,143 
 62,423 
 49,123 
 34,202 
 31,324 
 16,482 
 
 529,003 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 12,883 300.174 
 
 897,843 
 
 Halton 
 
 13,944 
 33,636 
 57,859 
 37,882 
 52,320 
 48,319 
 34,748 
 
 313,740 
 857,718 
 1,758,914 
 1,117,619 
 1,586,296 
 1,203,143 
 701,910 
 
 567,907 
 
 Peel 
 
 917,433 
 
 York 
 
 2,471,950. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 1,920,709 
 
 
 1,374,920 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Ed ward 
 
 1,014,898. 
 418,014. 
 
 Totals 
 
 152,819 
 
 2,913,106 
 
 152,516 
 
 2,642,117 
 
 .294,743 
 
 7,909,964 
 
 281,915 
 
 10,112,677 
 
 
 
 Lennox & Addington. 
 Frontenae 
 
 1,602 
 903 
 
 3,479 
 304 
 312 
 215 
 4 
 13 
 135 
 275 
 
 2,003 
 
 32,521 
 
 20,498 
 
 68,884 
 
 6,141 
 
 4,680 
 
 5,150 
 
 80 
 
 230 
 
 2,700 
 
 6,875 
 
 34,452 
 
 5,930 
 
 8,237 
 
 14,663 
 
 5,940 
 
 5,372 
 
 8,932 
 
 9,125 
 
 4,480 
 
 21,140 
 
 24,695 
 
 14,373 
 
 88,357 
 143,324 
 282,996 
 131.868 
 
 37,846 
 
 13,422 
 
 10,282 
 
 5.117 
 
 775,843 
 
 355,683 
 
 287,896 
 
 163,232 
 
 38,093 
 
 46,058 
 
 75,116 
 
 34,432 
 
 329,808 
 
 44,238 
 
 95,047 
 
 23,922 
 27,953 
 67,448 
 31,351 
 25,398 
 30,930 
 27,039 
 20,091 
 63,448 
 42,741 
 40,430 
 
 768,935. 
 1,014,694 
 
 Dundas 
 
 2,239,274 
 1,203,878 
 
 
 85,9521 1,693 
 163,456: 2,047 
 
 761,940. 
 
 
 1,082,550 
 
 Prescott 
 
 168,813 
 76,608 
 374,178 
 493,900 
 228,531 
 
 2,702 
 1,345 
 9,343 
 1,357 
 2,763 
 
 967,996 
 
 Russell 
 
 689,121 
 
 
 2,512,541 
 
 Lanark 
 
 1,560.04% 
 1,431,222 
 
 Totals 
 
 9,245 
 
 182,221 
 
 122,887 
 
 2,237,983 
 
 87,917 
 
 2,245,446 
 
 400,751 
 
 14,222,198 
 
 Victoria 
 
 . 9,563 
 
 9,604 
 
 ■74 
 
 6,589 
 
 231,425 
 
 254,606 
 
 1,354 
 
 181,856 
 
 27,708 
 
 25,185 
 
 1,062 
 
 14,734 
 
 473,807 
 
 410,516 
 
 15,187 
 
 207,749 
 
 34,124 
 
 15,498 
 
 246 
 
 39,881 
 
 894,049 
 
 375,052 
 
 6,493 
 
 917,263 
 
 38,204 
 
 30,425 
 
 4,980 
 
 45,107 
 
 1,348,601 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 1,11(),513 
 1 161,850 
 
 Hastings 
 
 1,493,042 
 
 Totals 
 
 25,830 
 
 669,141 
 
 68,689 
 
 1,107,259 
 
 89,748 
 
 2,192,857 
 
 118,716 
 
 4,114,006 
 
 
 58 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 1,160 
 
 60 
 
 510 
 
 1,191 
 1,202 
 5,533 
 
 7,926 
 
 17,270 
 
 17,429 
 
 68,056 
 
 102,755 
 
 668 
 
 1,026 
 
 711 
 
 16,232 
 21,751 
 10,665 
 
 9,225 
 
 3,766 
 
 4,149 
 
 17,130 
 
 1,621,901 
 1,543,746 
 1,467,842 
 
 283,208 
 
 
 126,953 
 
 
 110,778 
 
 Totals 
 
 95 
 
 1,730 
 
 2,405 
 
 48,648 
 
 19,695,830 
 16,533,387 
 19,587,843 
 
 520,939 
 
 
 
 ^"/otIS,;;: 
 
 886,402 
 
 875,136 
 
 1,006,401 
 
 18,057,794 
 21,478,281 
 21,277,018 
 
 677,465 
 799,463 
 673,684 
 
 9,527,783 
 
 9,129,881 
 
 10,782,901 
 
 735,778 
 
 597,873 
 
 1 726,030 
 
 58,231,517 
 55,229,742 
 64,500,339 
 
64 
 
 RYE, PEASE, CORN, BUCKWHEAT AND BEANS. 
 
 TABLE No. VI.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce (as 
 estimated Aug. 2nd) of Rye, Pease and Beans, and the areas of Corn and Buckwheat for the year 1886 ; 
 also, the average for the four years, 1882-85. 
 
 
 Rye. 
 
 Pease. 
 
 COBN. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 BnoK- 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres; 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Uasex 
 
 664 
 541 
 95S 
 5,967 
 273 
 502 
 
 9,960 
 
 13,525 
 
 17.244 
 
 ' 96,069 
 
 4,259 
 
 7,530 
 
 4,399 
 12,878 
 15,768 
 16,769 
 17,880 
 
 4,071 
 
 81,382 
 289,755 
 335,645 
 285,073 
 339,720 
 
 85,491 
 
 31,294 
 26,544 
 13,177 
 13,141 
 1,121 
 4,996 
 
 660 
 
 875 
 
 1,484 
 
 4,827 
 
 946 
 
 1,976 
 
 483 
 12,069 
 883 
 350 
 35 
 479 
 
 9,177 
 247,415 
 
 Kent 
 
 3;igin 
 
 22,958 
 
 5,250 
 
 700 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 J^aldimaind 
 
 Welland 
 
 13,747 
 
 Totals.., 
 
 8,905 
 
 148,587 
 
 71,755 
 
 1,417,066 
 
 90,273 
 
 10,768 
 
 14,299 
 
 299,247 
 
 Jjambton 
 
 46 
 238 
 300 
 
 552 
 3,570 
 4,500 
 
 12,344 
 34,181 
 39,887 
 
 269,099 
 909,215 
 921,390 
 
 5,755 
 
 1,014 
 
 441 
 
 312 
 501 
 618 
 
 359 
 182 
 162 
 
 8,975 
 3,640 
 3,240 
 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Totals 
 
 584 
 
 8,622 
 
 86,412 
 
 2,099,704 
 
 7,210 
 
 1,431 
 
 703 
 
 15,855 
 
 Grey 
 
 140 
 1,085 
 
 2,800 
 21,375 
 
 46,570 
 34,241 
 
 1,126,994 
 910,811 
 
 371 
 763 
 
 454 
 542 
 
 96 
 106 
 
 2,400 
 3,180 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,225 
 
 24,175 
 
 80,811 
 
 2,037,805 
 
 1,134 
 
 996 
 
 202 
 
 5,580 
 
 
 178 
 600 
 425 
 123 
 348 
 322 
 586 
 
 3,560 
 12,600 
 8,500 
 2,460 
 7,656 
 6,762 
 8,790 
 
 25,567 
 18,449 
 9,989 
 23,125 
 38,298 
 15,467 
 10,454 
 
 623,835 
 391,119 
 194,786 
 631,313 
 976,599 
 375,848 
 282,258 
 
 9,696 
 
 7,014 
 
 3,836 
 
 460 
 
 284 
 
 726 
 
 32 
 
 846 
 572 
 574 
 193 
 171 
 96 
 119 
 
 228 
 126 
 209 
 30 
 55 
 62 
 33 
 
 3,534 
 
 2,520 
 
 6,270 
 
 450 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant . . 
 
 Perth 
 
 "Wellington 
 
 W^aterloo 
 
 1,650 
 1240 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 660- 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,582 
 
 50,328 
 
 141,349 
 
 3,475,758 
 
 22,048 
 
 2,571 
 
 743 
 
 16,324 
 
 
 
 293 
 
 244 
 
 212 
 
 423 
 
 615 
 
 1,494 
 
 3,727 
 
 6,986 
 
 7,880 
 
 4,776 
 
 3,050 
 
 3,180 
 
 7,403 
 
 9,840 
 
 14,940 
 
 53,669 
 
 96,407 
 
 122,140 
 
 315,405 
 
 5,210 
 11,121 
 10,757 
 13,698 
 29,672 
 29,767 
 21,769 
 20,831 
 17,619 
 160,444 
 
 103,158 
 226,868 
 193,626 
 305,465 
 780,374 
 696,548 
 555,110 
 435,368 
 431,666 
 
 5,262 
 
 3,118 
 
 818 
 
 359 
 
 903 
 
 2,005 
 
 1,271 
 
 2,982 
 
 2,699 
 
 673 
 
 ■ 744 
 
 148 
 
 50 
 
 322 
 
 504 
 
 1,890 
 
 7,707 
 
 7,857 
 
 125 
 
 66 
 
 81 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 117 
 
 235 
 
 345 
 
 832 
 
 3,125 
 
 1,320 
 
 1,620 
 
 800 
 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 2,275 
 2,340 
 9,400 
 7,901 
 14,144 
 
 
 Durham 
 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Totals 
 
 21,874 
 
 3,728,183 
 
 19,417 
 
 19,395 
 
 1,906 
 
 42,925 
 
 
 JFrontenac 
 
 3,610 
 726 
 
 2,298 
 
 945 
 
 207 
 
 22 
 
 270 
 
 59,204 
 13,068 
 32.172 
 14,175 
 
 4,105 
 330 
 
 5,400 
 
 9,816 
 
 12,607 
 
 6,012 
 
 1,400 
 
 2,573 
 
 6,214 
 
 7,758 
 
 3,714 
 
 14,012 
 
 23,073 
 
 12,466 
 
 190,430 
 
 306,350 
 
 112,424 
 
 31,500 
 
 38,595 
 
 124,280 
 
 169,124 
 
 76,508 
 
 396,540 
 
 586,054 
 
 285,471 
 
 1,388 
 
 1,172 
 
 3,460 
 
 1,325 
 
 746 
 
 317 
 
 1,337 
 
 234 
 
 1,011 
 
 263 
 
 928 
 
 4,548 
 1,698 
 5,071 
 1,423 
 1,903 
 688 
 1,507 
 1,228 
 3.912 
 1,312 
 5,699 
 
 221 
 • 401 
 314 
 194 
 74 
 100 
 345 
 158 
 428 
 419 
 108 
 
 2,762 
 
 4,420 
 16 040 
 
 Leeds and G-renville 
 
 6,280 
 3,880 
 1,480 
 2,000 
 8,625 
 3,966 
 10,272 
 12,570 
 2,430 
 
 
 "Grlengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 
 
 3,040 
 4,915 
 2,140 
 
 57,152 
 
 103,707 
 
 39,376 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 18,173 
 
 328,689 
 
 99,645 
 
 2,317,276 
 
 12,181 
 
 28,989 
 
 71,963 
 
 
 Victoria . 
 
 773 
 3,059 
 
 150 
 9,794 
 
 15,460 
 
 48,944 
 
 2,460 
 
 190,983 
 
 16,962 
 
 17,046 
 
 1,553 
 
 20,472 
 
 418,961 
 
 354,557 
 
 31,837 
 
 421,723 
 
 237 
 
 159 
 
 73 
 
 3,560 
 
 370 
 
 850 
 
 185 
 
 4,916 
 
 57 
 
 90 
 
 14 
 
 253 
 
 1,140 
 
 1,800 
 
 350 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 5,060 
 
 Totals 
 
 13,776 
 
 257,847 
 
 56,033 
 
 1,227,078 
 
 4,029 
 
 6,321 
 
 414 
 
 8,350 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 341 
 242 
 
 77 
 
 6,820 
 4,743 
 1,155 
 
 2,747 
 1,133 
 3,607 
 
 60,159 
 23,227 
 66,008 
 
 160 
 34 
 
 8 
 
 241 
 65 
 15 
 
 27 
 7 
 9 
 
 540 
 
 
 140 
 
 Algoma 
 
 180 
 
 
 660 
 
 67,779 
 
 78,293 
 
 138,774 
 
 12,718 
 
 7,487 
 
 149,394 
 
 202 
 
 321 
 
 43 
 
 860 
 
 
 
 (1886.... 
 
 The Pkovincb... < 1885-.... 
 
 (.1882-5.. 
 
 1,146,371 
 1,271.506 
 2,351,451 
 
 703,9361 
 646,0811 
 580,1381 
 
 16,452,264 
 14,006,192 
 12,344,409 
 
 156,494 
 167,831 
 183,049 
 
 70,7921 
 61,776 
 59,216 
 
 21,072 
 24,651 
 23,105 
 
 461,104 
 496,564 
 499,506 
 
65 
 
 PASTURE, HAY AND CLOVER AND ROOTS. 
 
 TABLE No. VII. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
 Hay and Clover and areas of Root crops and Pasture in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Pasture. 
 Acres. 
 
 Hat and 
 
 Clover. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 Acres. 
 
 Manqel 
 Wurzels 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Carrots. 
 Acres. 
 
 TUBNIPB. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 
 64,251 
 89,037 
 79,679 
 47,308 
 43,950 
 33,681 
 
 36,290 
 51,843 
 47,601 
 38,754 
 49,330 
 48,720 
 
 51,895 
 64,804 
 64,261 
 54,256 
 69,555 
 62,362 
 
 2,669 
 3,288 
 2,445 
 2,778 
 1,213 
 1,800 
 
 213 
 259 
 258 
 235 
 127 
 110 
 
 87 
 
 171 
 
 104 
 
 108 
 
 91 
 
 52 
 
 152 
 
 Kent 
 
 266 
 
 
 240 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 838 
 
 
 70 
 
 Welland 
 
 163 
 
 Totals 
 
 357,906 
 
 272,538 
 
 367,133 
 
 14,193 
 
 1,202 
 
 613 
 
 1,729 
 
 
 95,926 
 152,711 
 107,344 
 
 55,639 
 93,660 
 82,250 
 
 63,985 
 
 119,885 
 
 91,298 
 
 2,474 
 4,688 
 4,465 
 
 290 
 
 1,549 
 
 335 
 
 158 
 457 
 241 
 
 219 
 
 
 5,738 
 
 Bruce 
 
 5,269 
 
 ToUls 
 
 355,981 
 
 231,549 
 
 275,168 
 
 11,627 
 
 2,174 
 
 856 
 
 11,226 
 
 Grey 
 
 145,408 
 84,680 
 
 114,036 
 
 71,988 
 
 114,036 
 88.545 
 
 6,376 
 6,303 
 
 346 
 637 
 
 540 
 556 
 
 8,323 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 3,857 
 
 Totals '. 
 
 230,088 
 
 186,024 
 
 202,581 
 
 12,679 
 
 983 
 
 1,096 
 
 12,180 
 
 
 201,599 
 104,404 
 34,683 
 92,925 
 100,363 
 36,393 
 37,539 
 
 89.057 
 60,767 
 32,276 
 65,953 
 83,774 
 43,138 
 32,987 
 
 120,227 
 88,112 
 41,959 
 81.782 
 
 118,121 
 68,158 
 31,668 
 
 5,224 
 2,665 
 1,873 
 3,194 
 5,053 
 2,637 
 2,504 
 
 1,424 
 
 1,186 
 
 390 
 
 1,457 
 
 945 
 
 383 
 
 84 
 
 476 
 279 
 162 
 350 
 254 
 319 
 123 
 
 1,546 
 
 Oxford 
 
 4,969 
 
 Brant 
 
 2,427 
 
 Perth 
 
 4,095 
 
 
 12,243 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 4,881 
 
 
 2,002 
 
 Totals 
 
 607,906 
 
 407,952 
 
 550,027 
 
 23,150 
 
 5,869 
 
 1,953 
 
 32,163 
 
 
 31,583 
 47,835 
 39,353 
 40,323 
 70,292 
 69,971 
 53,979 
 72,179 
 40,072 
 
 44,221 
 45,918 
 34,286 
 38,717 
 73,740 
 53,531 
 44,864 
 56,344 
 35,997 
 
 62,794 
 51,020 
 42,858 
 61,560 
 92,175 
 77,085 
 65,501 
 81,135 
 53,996 
 
 1,751 . 
 
 3,028 
 
 1,390 
 
 2,373 
 
 6,388 
 
 3,443 
 
 2,891 
 
 3,708 
 
 2,713 
 
 233 
 312 
 
 488 
 400 
 1,893 
 698 
 439 
 486 
 151 
 
 97 
 142 
 164 
 269 
 580 
 508 
 418 
 238 
 
 31 
 
 216 
 
 
 2,390 
 
 Halton 
 
 1,824 
 1,261 
 
 York 
 
 2,824 
 
 
 11,646 
 
 
 5,951 
 
 
 3,410 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 106 
 
 Totals 
 
 465,587 
 
 427,618 
 
 588,124 
 
 27,685 
 
 5,100 
 
 2,44T 
 
 29,628 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 65,471 
 71,217 
 
 174,549 
 47,695 
 42,724 
 48,086 
 46,093 
 23,477 
 90,008 
 72,794 
 
 106,900 
 
 49,821 
 64,473 
 121,956 
 34,903 
 32,460' 
 33,611 
 31,473 
 16,757 
 60,410 
 59,895 
 63,269 
 
 79,215 
 78,012 
 152,445 
 54,100 
 48,690 
 54,786 
 45,951 
 21,617 
 85,782 
 76,666 
 92,373 
 
 3,086 
 3,493 
 ' 6,379 
 2,321 
 2,045 
 2,443 
 2,519 
 1,534 
 5,828 
 4,038 
 3,456 
 
 130 
 
 286 
 
 167 
 
 209 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 26 
 
 80 
 
 566 
 
 113 
 
 106 
 
 59 
 
 57 
 
 14 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 97 
 
 526 
 
 104 
 
 142 
 
 95 
 
 558 
 
 
 195 
 42 
 
 
 95 
 
 Glengarry . . '. 
 
 65 
 
 
 135 
 
 Russell 
 
 216 
 
 Carleton 
 
 1,534 
 
 
 614 
 
 Lanark 
 
 580 
 
 Totals 
 
 791,014 
 
 569,028 
 
 789,637 
 
 37,142 
 
 1,770 
 
 1,471 
 
 4,129 
 
 
 47,718 
 
 52,550 
 
 7,060 
 
 93,640 
 
 38,159 
 38,111 
 10,666 
 73,361 
 
 43,120 
 
 50,688 
 
 9,813 
 
 81,431 
 
 2,692 
 
 2,477 
 
 543 
 
 5,425 
 
 477 
 
 239 
 
 18 
 
 253 
 
 274 
 
 272 
 
 25 
 
 139 
 
 3,110 
 
 
 1,258 
 
 Ualiburton. 
 
 281 
 
 Hastings 
 
 913 
 
 Totals 
 
 200,968 
 
 160,297 
 
 185,052 
 
 11,137 
 
 987 
 
 710 
 
 5,562 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 9,187 
 3,064 
 4,620 
 
 22,700 
 8,470 
 8,975 
 
 22.473 
 6,3.')3 
 
 7,898 
 
 1,270 
 593 
 667 
 
 54 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 76 
 20 
 25 
 
 1,091 
 
 
 540 
 
 Algoma 
 
 683 
 
 Totals 
 
 16,871 
 
 40,145 
 
 36,724 
 
 2,530 
 
 85 
 
 121 
 
 2,314 
 
 C 1886 
 
 The Province < 1885 
 
 1,1882-5 
 
 3,026,321 
 2,911,199 
 
 2,295,151 
 2,268,091 
 2,159,580 
 
 2,994,446 
 3,252,155' 
 3,125,807 
 
 140,143 
 159,741 
 164,005 
 
 18,170 
 16,435 
 16,946 
 
 9,267 
 
 9,024 
 
 10,309 
 
 98,931 
 
 102,303 
 
 95,939 
 
 
 
 
 5 (A.R.) 
 
f)6 
 
 TABLE No. VIII.- 
 
 HORSES AND CATTLE. 
 
 -Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of Horses 
 and Cattle in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk . 
 
 Haldrmand. 
 
 Welland.... 
 
 Totals. . 
 
 Lambton . . . 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe .... 
 Totals. 
 
 Middlesex. . 
 
 Oiford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington . 
 
 Waterloo. . . 
 
 DufEerin . . . 
 
 Totals. . 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 . Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 Prince Edward. . 
 
 Totals 
 
 Muskoka . , . 
 Parry Sound. 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals..., 
 
 The 
 
 Province ] 
 
 1886. 
 1885. 
 
 HOBSES. 
 
 ^W 
 
 7,187 
 9,390 
 7,664 
 6,319 
 5,427 
 4,901 
 
 40,888 
 
 7,076 
 
 12,351 
 
 _9,900 
 
 29,327 
 
 12,467 
 12,149 
 
 24,616 
 
 Lennox & Addington . . 
 
 Piontenac 
 
 Leeds & Grenville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 Carletou 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Totals 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough . 
 Haliburtoa . . . 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Totals. . . . 
 
 13,516 
 9,472 
 5,241 
 9.037 
 
 11,064 
 7,164 
 4,190 
 
 59,683 
 
 CQ' 
 
 2,825 
 3,623 
 2,299 
 1,985 
 2,116 
 1,413 
 
 14,261 
 
 2,453 
 5,846 
 3,861 
 
 12,160 
 
 4,843 
 4,389 
 
 9,232 
 
 5,242 
 3,212 
 1,501 
 3,757 
 4,147 
 2,124 
 1,645 
 
 a 
 
 4,356 
 5,451 
 3,886 
 3.306 
 3,243 
 2,558 
 
 22,800 
 
 3,953 
 8,651 
 5,788 
 
 18,392 
 
 6,493 
 
 6.487 
 
 12,980 
 
 14,368 
 18,464 
 13,849 
 11,610 
 10,786 
 8,872 
 
 77,949 
 
 13,482 
 26,848 
 19,549 
 
 59,879 
 
 23,803 
 23,025 
 
 46,828 
 
 7,522 
 4,543 
 2,633 
 5.005 
 5,617 
 2,813 
 2,010 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 a 
 
 329 
 172 
 323 
 618 
 133 
 319 
 
 1,894 
 
 52 
 381 
 
 879 
 
 1,312 
 
 1,785 
 
 _787 
 
 "2,572 
 
 21,628 
 
 5,243 
 6,777 
 4,854 
 6,419 
 
 11,890 
 8,701 
 7,897 
 9,200 
 5,57 2 
 
 66,553 
 
 5,878 
 5,251 
 9,974 
 4,098 
 3,098 
 3,800 
 3,032 
 2,124 
 7,244 
 5,783 
 5,75 2 
 56,034 
 
 6,267 
 
 5,448 
 
 640 
 
 9,183 
 
 21,438 
 
 1,123 
 454 
 566 
 
 2,143 
 
 300,682 
 311,687 
 
 1,476 
 2,022 
 1,574 
 2,288 
 5,289 
 3,958 
 2,591 
 2,484 
 _1^16 
 23,598 
 
 1,512 
 1,759 
 2,949 
 1,299 
 1,316 
 1,769 
 1,469 
 944 
 2,464 
 1,996 
 1,559 
 
 19,036 
 
 2,165 
 
 1,548 
 
 123 
 
 2,355 
 
 6,191 
 
 421 
 180 
 
 894 
 
 107,000 
 95,963 
 
 30,143 
 
 2,476 
 3,162 
 2,314 
 3,1,53 
 6,890 
 5,362 
 4,664 
 5,000 
 3,032 
 
 36,053 
 
 2,746 
 2,649 
 5,473 
 2,251 
 2,251 
 2,694 
 2,031 
 1,283 
 3,622 
 2,659 
 2,499 
 
 30,158 
 
 3,355 
 
 2,634 
 
 144 
 
 4,304 
 
 10,437 
 
 26,279 
 17,227 
 
 9,375 
 17,799 
 20,828 
 12,101 
 
 7,845 
 
 12,202 
 19,094 
 16,555 
 14,545 
 12,917 
 9,060 
 
 84,373 
 
 17,180 
 30,910 
 25,186 
 
 73,276 
 
 (D O 
 U 
 
 o « 
 
 7,453 
 13,584 
 11,593 
 5,923 
 6,581 
 3,220 
 
 48,354 
 
 13,727 
 27,845 
 20,169 
 
 61,741 
 
 31,570 
 22,996 
 
 54,666 
 
 111,454 
 
 9,195 
 11,961 
 
 8,742 
 U,i" 
 24,069 
 18,021 
 15,152 
 , 16,684 
 10,520 
 
 126,204 
 
 10,136 
 9,659 
 
 18,396 
 7,648 
 6,665 
 8,263 
 6,53^ 
 4,351 
 
 13,330 
 
 10,438 
 9,810 
 
 105,228 
 
 63 
 
 133 
 
 53 
 
 87 
 341 
 
 85 
 342 
 
 1,104 
 
 35,426 
 32,964 
 10,236 
 24,593 
 25,662 
 13,874 
 9,040 
 
 151,795 
 
 221 
 163 
 236 
 
 34 
 120 
 120 
 178 
 404 
 
 48 
 
 1,513 
 
 308 
 
 291 
 
 163 
 
 44 
 
 38 
 
 15 
 
 44 
 
 24 
 
 81 
 
 211 
 
 7i 
 
 1,290 
 
 11,787 
 
 9,630 
 
 807 
 
 15,842 
 
 38,066 
 
 439 
 204 
 361 
 
 1,004 
 
 161,967 
 151,259 
 
 1,9 
 8 
 1,220 
 
 4,041 
 
 569,649 
 658,809 
 
 262 
 
 645 
 
 399 
 
 1,401 
 
 2,607 
 
 961 
 501 
 660 
 
 2,122 
 
 14,414 
 16,302 
 
 9,062 
 13,777 
 
 9,461 
 12,119 
 20,562 
 16,039 
 12,618 
 18,612 
 
 9,920 
 
 122,170 
 
 25,492 
 17,524 
 
 43,016 
 
 33,680 
 
 13,544 
 
 5,921 
 
 19,289 
 
 17,627 
 
 6,243 
 
 7,699 
 
 104,003 
 
 0) 
 
 a 03 
 
 O d w 
 
 16,360 
 26,971 
 22,224 
 14,600 
 15,983 
 9,424 
 
 104,662 
 
 26,848 
 48,679 
 38,775 
 
 114,302 
 
 47,132 
 31,010 
 
 78,142 
 
 48,228 
 26,887 
 12,708 
 34,513 
 36,846 
 18,118 
 13,727 
 
 191,027 
 
 2,546 
 5,906 
 7,275 
 7,968 
 10,033 
 11,162 
 9,172 
 7,977 
 2,984 
 
 65,012 
 
 14,789 
 16,199 
 42,916 
 16,698 
 14,809 
 16,985 
 11,726 
 6,975 
 20,439 
 15,729 
 18,658 
 
 195,823 
 
 12,689 
 
 12,608 
 
 2,055 
 
 29,899 
 
 67,251 
 
 4,177 
 1,483 
 1,983 
 
 7,643 
 
 746,897 
 750,005 
 
 7,266 
 5,828 
 
 10,727 
 2,972 
 2,776 
 3,132 
 3,164 
 2,611 
 
 10,362 
 9,032 
 8,488 
 
 66,358 
 
 8,373 
 
 6,f - 
 
 927 
 
 8,875 
 
 25,073 
 
 2,413 
 
 825 
 
 1,284 
 
 9,622 
 14,?" 
 12,403 
 13,602 
 20,110 
 24,673 
 17,376 
 17,375 
 
 8,603 
 
 138,056 
 
 12,774 
 
 14,529 
 
 25,093 
 
 9,574 
 
 7,405 
 
 10,632 
 
 8,339 
 
 6,345 
 
 17,935 
 
 18,073 
 
 18,0 06 
 
 148,705 
 
 16,087 
 
 13,665 
 
 2,920 
 
 _20j38J 
 
 53,060 
 
 4,522 
 
 418,079 
 373,856 
 
 5,303 
 
 2,304 
 
 3,3 22 
 
 10,929 
 
 838,783 
 837,317 
 
 35,344 
 59,821 
 50,695 
 35,686 
 35,614 
 22,02s 
 
 239,183 
 
 57,807 
 
 107,815 
 
 85,009 
 
 250,631 
 
 105,979 
 72,317. 
 
 178,296 
 
 117,397 
 73,528 
 28,918 
 78,482 
 80,476 
 38,320 
 30,808 
 
 447,929 
 
 21,451 
 34,127 
 29,374 
 33,723 
 50,825 
 51,984 
 39,344 
 44,368 
 21,555 
 
 326,751 
 
 35,137 
 36,847 
 78,899 
 29,288 
 25,028 
 30,764 
 23,J73 
 16,955 
 48,817 
 43,045 
 45,123 
 
 412,176 
 
 37,411 
 
 33,716 
 
 6,301 
 
 60,66» 
 
 137,991 
 
 12,854 
 5,113 
 7,249 
 
 25,216 
 
 2,018,173 
 1,976,480 
 
67 
 
 SHEEP AND PIGS. 
 
 TABLE No. IX.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of Sheep and 
 
 Pigs in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk . . . . 
 
 Haldimand . 
 
 Welland . . . 
 
 Totals: . 
 
 Lambton . . 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe .... 
 Totals. 
 
 Middlesex . 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington . 
 
 Waterloo . . . 
 
 Duff erin . . . . 
 
 Totals.. 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland . 
 Prince Edward . . 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Greaville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton. 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 Totals 
 
 Victoria' 
 
 Peterborough . 
 Haliburton . . . 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Totals.... 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 Algoma ... . 
 
 Totals... 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Coarse WooUed. 
 
 Over 
 1 year. 
 
 13,248 
 14,930 
 13,861 
 11,191 
 13,596 
 8,531 
 
 Under 
 1 year. 
 
 Over 
 1 year. 
 
 75,357 
 
 17,135 
 39,616 
 40,544 
 
 97,295 
 
 58,504 
 37,740 
 
 96,244 
 
 25,966 
 11,298 
 9,881 
 27,054 
 37,422 
 15,204 
 15,414 
 
 7,996 
 10,050 
 
 9,383 
 
 7,424 
 10,009 
 
 5.844 
 
 50,206 
 
 12,443 
 26,657 
 24,988 
 
 Eine WooUed. 
 
 Under 
 1 year. 
 
 3,443 
 4,320 
 3,763 
 5,037 
 '3,726 
 5,907 
 
 26,196 
 
 64,088 17,428 
 
 36,050 
 21,515 
 
 3,569 
 7,570 
 6,289 
 
 10,482 
 10,909 
 
 5f,565 21,391 
 
 142,239 
 
 Totals 121,845 
 
 7,773 
 11,958 
 
 9,720 
 13,408 
 19,020 
 18,-^77 
 18,238 
 16,998 
 
 6,153 
 
 17,258 
 7,771 
 6,616 
 19,310 
 23,308 
 8,895 
 9,821 
 
 92,979 
 
 5,311 
 7,312 
 5,1 
 8,687 
 11,099 
 10,164 
 9,934 
 9,842 
 3,465 
 
 2,839 
 3,169 
 3,061 
 3,525 
 2,614 
 4,271 
 
 19,479 
 
 Totals. 
 
 27,526 
 32,469 
 30,068 
 27,177 
 29,945 
 24,053 
 
 171,238 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 Over 
 1 year. 
 
 Under 
 1 year. 
 
 11,904 
 10,716 
 6,893 
 4,446 
 3,745 
 1,829 
 
 .3,197 
 5,480 
 4,288 
 
 12,965 
 
 6,748 
 7,457 
 
 36,344 
 79,323 
 76,109 
 
 191,776 
 
 14,205 
 
 5,410 
 5,944 
 3,823 
 4,512 
 9,228 
 6,783 
 2,772 
 
 38,472 
 
 3,198 
 3,297 
 1,837 
 3,414 
 10,114 
 9,390 
 2,862 
 ■3,550 
 3,891 
 
 71,503 
 
 3,558 
 3,910 
 2,826 
 3,533 
 6,041 
 4,792 
 1,799 
 
 26,459 
 
 2,637 
 2,420 
 1,611 
 2,340 
 6,830 
 6,644 
 2,409 
 2,197 
 1,582 
 
 111,784 
 77,621 
 
 189,405 
 
 52,192 
 28,923 
 23,146 
 54,409 
 75,999 
 35,674 
 29,806 
 
 300,149 
 
 39,533 
 
 35,520 
 39,996 
 25,939 
 18,557 
 14,839 
 8,974 
 
 4,192 
 6,321 
 5,576 
 
 16,089 
 
 8',038 
 10,826 
 
 18,864 
 
 7,864 
 5,918 
 2,249 
 5,892 
 6,087 
 2,571 
 3,676 
 
 143,825 
 
 15,067 
 21,396 
 17,390 
 
 53,853 
 
 -28,409 
 29,920 
 
 Totals. 
 
 57,329 
 
 14,041 
 
 14,924 
 
 31,865 
 
 9,016 
 
 7,810 
 
 12,806 
 
 9,590 
 
 8,170 
 
 25,145 
 
 29,594 
 
 29,414 
 
 8,640 
 1886 790,652 
 
 th.pkovx.o.{}||;:;;:;::: ^i 
 
 192,375 
 
 17,765 
 
 14,615 
 
 1,943 
 
 22,334 
 
 56,657 
 
 4,< 
 
 1,294 
 
 2,726 
 
 8,103 
 
 9,413 
 
 18,575 
 
 5,518 
 
 3,910 
 
 4,180 
 
 5,478 
 
 4,594 
 
 11,993 
 
 15,215 
 
 17,195 
 
 104,176 
 
 10,499 
 7,143 
 1,094 
 
 12,139 
 
 30,876 
 
 41,553 
 
 4,665 
 4,579 
 7,779 
 2,463 
 2,472 
 3,650 
 2,115 
 1,577 
 6,131 
 6,825 
 
 4,r- 
 
 47,064 
 
 28,670 
 
 2,227 
 
 3,306 
 
 4,706 
 
 1,821 
 
 879 
 
 1,697 
 
 930 
 
 714 
 
 3,468 
 
 3,745 
 
 2,743 
 
 3,393 
 
 1,694 
 
 713 
 
 5,371 
 
 11,171 
 
 2,709 
 
 740 
 
 2,129 
 
 6,578 
 
 476,970 
 547,952 
 
 1,500 
 797 
 799 
 
 3,096 
 
 206,371 
 176,248 
 
 26,236 
 
 2,701 
 
 873 
 
 372 
 
 3,015 
 
 6,961 
 
 18,919 
 24,987 
 18,857 
 27,849 
 47,063 
 44,775 
 33,443 
 32,587 
 15,091 
 
 32,010 
 23,662 
 10,628 
 17,613 
 24,463 
 12,965 
 10,404 
 
 34,257 131,745 
 
 263,571 
 
 29,038 
 32,222 
 62,925 
 18,818 
 15,071 
 22,333 
 18,113 
 15,055 
 46,737 
 55,379 
 54,160 
 
 2,277 
 3,418 
 2,165 
 3,835 
 6^28 
 6,179 
 4,130 
 5,153 
 1,782 
 
 35,167 
 
 369,851 
 
 1,085 
 362 
 534 
 
 1,981 
 
 136,956 
 122,643 
 
 34,358 
 
 24,325 
 
 4,122 
 
 42,859 
 
 105,664 
 
 9,914 
 3,193 
 6,188 
 
 19,295 
 
 2,829 
 2,756 
 7,f- 
 3,437 
 2,857 
 2,790 
 3,873 
 2,609 
 6,669 
 6,472 
 4,580 
 
 11,858 
 13,398 
 
 8,862 
 16,966 
 32,339 
 20,124 
 12,717 
 12,866 
 
 5,717 
 
 134,847 
 
 46,691 
 
 ^4,502 
 
 4,400 
 
 558 
 
 5,719 
 
 15,179 
 
 522 
 415 
 770 
 
 1,610,949 
 1,765,605 
 
 1,707 
 
 207,487 
 225,512 
 
 5,426 
 5,978 
 
 14,513 
 6,715 
 6,084 
 6,322 
 6,292 
 4,308 
 
 16,102 
 9,235 
 9,597 
 
 90,572 
 
 11,945 
 9,213 
 1,279 
 
 12,711 
 
 35,148 
 
 1,897 
 1,422 
 2,000 
 
 5,319 
 
 652,638 
 596,750 
 
 47,424 
 50,712 
 32,832 
 23,003 
 18,584 
 10,803 
 
 183,358 
 
 19,259 
 27,717 
 22,966 
 
 69,942 
 
 36,447 
 39,746 
 
 76,193 
 
 39,874 
 29,580 
 12,877 
 23,505 
 30,550 
 15,536 
 14,080 
 
 166,002 
 
 14,135 
 16,816 
 11,027 
 20,801 
 38,567 
 26,303 
 16,847 
 18,019 
 7,499 
 
 170,014 
 
 8,255 
 
 8,734 
 
 22,342 
 
 10,142 
 
 8,941 
 
 9,112 
 
 10,165 
 
 6,917 
 
 22,771 
 
 15,707 
 
 14,177 
 
 137,263 
 
 16,447 
 
 13,613 
 
 1,837 
 
 18,430 
 
 50,327 
 
 2,419 
 1,837 
 2,770 
 
 7,026 
 
 860,125 
 822,262 
 
68 
 
 POULTRY AND WOOL. 
 
 TABLE No. X.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of Poultry and 
 the Clip of Coarse and Pine Wools in Ontario in the year 1886 ; also the average for the four years 1882-S. 
 
 
 PonLTRT. 
 
 Wool. 
 
 COUNTIBS. 
 
 Turkeys 
 
 Geeae, 
 
 Other 
 Eowls. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Coarse Wool. 
 
 Fink Wool. 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Fleeces. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Fleeces. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Clip. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 12,911 
 18,869 
 17,887 
 12.189 
 12,601 
 12,346 
 
 16,059 
 13,313 
 7,429 
 5,689 
 8,152 
 5,664 
 56,306 
 
 168,545 
 188,389 
 162,851 
 129,326 
 115,130 
 lOb,615 
 
 197,515 
 220,571 
 188,167 
 147,204 
 135,883 
 118,625 
 
 13,463 
 15,532 
 14,215 
 11,582 
 14,087 
 8,924 
 
 78,566 
 '89,788 
 77,296 
 63,356 
 91,462 
 47,013 
 
 3,426 
 4,439 
 3,829 
 5,134 
 3,714 
 6,068 
 
 17il80 
 23,363 
 19,400 
 24,064 
 18,401 
 27,718 
 
 95,746 
 113,151 
 
 
 96,696 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand . . . 
 Welland 
 
 87,420 
 
 109,863 
 
 74,731 
 
 Totals 
 
 86,803 
 
 864,856 
 
 1,007,965 
 
 77,803 
 
 447,481 
 
 26,610 
 
 • 130,126 
 
 577,607 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 12,653 
 
 13,030 
 
 8,707 
 
 10,904 
 23,727 
 18,357 
 
 152,781 
 300,273 
 199,625 
 
 176,338 
 337,030 
 226,689 
 
 17,808 
 40,314 
 41,611 
 
 107,267 
 225,331 
 235,775 
 
 3,830 
 
 . .7,740 
 
 6,602 
 
 20,528 
 
 39^381 
 
 •34,632 
 
 127,795 
 264,712 
 270,407 
 
 Totals 
 
 34,390 
 
 52,988 
 
 652,679 
 
 740,057 
 
 99,733 
 
 568,373 
 
 18,172 
 
 94,541 
 
 662,914 
 
 Grey 
 
 16,842 
 -19,963 
 
 27,834 
 28,320 
 
 255,381 
 231,339 
 
 300,057 
 279,622 
 
 60,454 
 38,570 
 
 330,631 
 220,216 
 
 10,697 
 11,030 
 
 54,292 
 53,725 
 
 384,923 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 273,941 
 
 Totals 
 
 36,805 
 
 56,154 
 
 486,720 
 
 579,679 
 
 99,024 
 
 550,847 
 
 21,727 
 
 108,017 
 
 658,864 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 Perth 
 
 Wellington . . . 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 28,948 
 
 12,440 
 
 6,977 
 
 11,641 
 
 13,059 
 
 4,183 
 
 8,051 
 
 20,519 
 8,948 
 4,597 
 
 18,494 
 
 19,750 
 5,148 
 
 13,227 
 
 305,855 
 178,528 
 
 86,178 
 207,284 
 204,609 
 130,423 
 
 88,230 
 
 35.5,322 
 199,916 
 97,752 
 237,419 
 237,418 
 139,754 
 109,508 
 
 27,119 
 11,483 
 10,048 
 27,730 
 38,045 
 15,675 
 15,856 
 
 167,361 
 66,986 
 58,085 
 156,157 
 222,131 
 84,180 
 86,063 
 
 5,608 
 5,971 
 3,894 
 4,568 
 9,549 
 6,929 
 2,863 
 
 31,277 
 32,642 
 19,562 
 24,628 
 49,497 
 36,321 
 16,003 
 
 198,638 
 99,628 
 77,647 
 180,785 
 271,628 
 120,501 
 102,066 
 
 Totals 
 
 85,299 
 
 90,683 
 
 1,201,107 
 
 1,377,089 
 
 145,956 
 
 840,963 
 
 39,382 
 
 209,930 
 
 1,050,893 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth . . . 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 8,578 
 10,441 
 
 9,273 
 15,518 
 21,737 
 12,310 
 17,992 
 
 9,682 
 
 4,299 
 
 4,546 
 
 6,182 
 
 9,606 
 
 14,664 
 
 20,102 
 
 14,647 
 
 17,277 
 
 9,580 
 
 3,972 
 
 86,666 
 106,655 
 
 80,046 
 117,523 
 213,131 
 159,091 
 147,859 
 150,751 
 
 99,569 
 
 99,790 
 123,278 
 
 98,925 
 147,705 
 254,970 
 186,048 
 183,128 
 170,013 
 107,840 
 
 7,914 
 12,364 
 
 9,962 
 13,936 
 19,720 
 19,394 
 18,940 
 17,636 
 
 6,180 
 126,046 
 
 41,914 
 
 71,174 
 
 62,434 
 
 91,842 
 
 126,051 
 
 123,909 
 
 111,049 
 
 . 99,344 
 
 33,129 
 
 3,328 
 
 . 3,327 
 
 1,815 
 
 3,521 
 
 10,740 
 9,768 
 2,902 
 3,553 
 
 .4,087 
 
 17,118 
 16,872 
 9,627 
 19,714 
 55,644 
 53,253 
 15,088 
 19,278 
 21,015 
 
 59,032 
 
 88,046 
 
 72,061 
 
 111,556 
 
 York 
 
 181,695 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumb'rl'd 
 Pr. Edward.. 
 
 177,162 
 
 126,137 
 
 118,622 
 
 54,144 
 
 Totals 
 
 109,830 
 
 100,576 
 
 1,161,291 
 
 1,371,697 
 
 760,846 
 
 43,041 
 
 227,609 
 
 988,455 
 
 Lennox & Ad. 
 Prontenac . . . 
 Leeds & Gren. 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 3,368 
 
 7,273 
 
 36,331 
 
 7,543 
 
 5,006 
 
 2,265 
 
 4,013 
 
 6,209 
 
 36,945 
 
 11,073 
 
 21,259 
 
 6,893 
 7,085 
 
 15,661 
 6,286 
 4,305 
 5,980 
 
 ,4,228 
 2,869 
 
 19,668 
 9,588 
 
 11,538 
 
 86,312 
 90,874 
 
 196,595 
 
 108,834 
 88,466 
 86,562 
 59,933 
 46,814 
 
 171,966 
 98,475 
 
 123,784 
 
 96,573 
 
 105,232 
 
 248,587 
 
 122,663 
 
 97,777 
 
 94,807 
 
 68,174 
 
 55,892 
 
 228,579 
 
 119,136 
 
 156,581 
 
 14,496 
 
 15,937 
 
 32,186 
 
 9,114 
 
 7,721 
 
 12,731 
 
 9,672 
 
 8,370 
 
 25,853 
 
 30,590 
 
 30.168 
 
 76,761 
 
 78,321 
 
 154,438 
 
 45,929 
 
 39,176 
 
 61,168 
 
 46,658 
 
 39,384 
 
 130,909 
 
 138,862 
 
 146,954 
 
 4,857 
 
 4,605 
 
 . 8,030 
 
 2,641 
 
 .2,568 
 
 , . . .3,718 
 
 , . . -2,100 
 
 1,577 
 
 6,144 
 
 7,103 
 
 4,887 
 
 23,243 
 23,619 
 39,548 
 12,836 
 12,457 
 16,953 
 9,754 
 ... ,7,618 
 29,091 
 30,682 
 22,321 
 
 100,004 
 
 101,940 
 
 193,986 
 
 58,765 
 
 51,63* 
 
 78,121 
 
 56,412 
 
 47,002 
 
 160,000 
 
 169,644 
 
 169,275 
 
 Totals 
 
 141,285 
 
 94,101 
 
 1,158,615 
 
 1,394,001 
 
 196,838 
 
 988,560 
 
 48,230 
 
 228,122 
 
 1,186,682 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough . 
 Haliburton.... 
 Hastings 
 
 7,952 
 
 8,229 
 
 795 
 
 7,075 
 
 12,203 
 
 12,459 
 
 1,021 
 
 13,448 
 
 109,324 
 
 103,957 
 
 11,738 
 
 145,589 
 
 129,479 
 
 124,645 
 
 13,554 
 
 166,112 
 
 18,398 
 
 15,041 
 
 1,975 
 
 22,758 
 
 103,210 
 
 80,441 
 
 9,737 
 
 110,800 
 
 3,560 
 
 1,709 
 
 . 680 
 
 5,365 
 
 17,302 
 7,299 
 3,063 
 
 24,631 
 
 120,512 
 87,740 
 12,800 
 
 135,431 
 
 Totals 
 
 24,051 
 
 39,131 
 
 370,608 
 
 433,790 
 
 58,172 
 
 304,188 
 
 .11,314 
 
 52,295 
 
 356,483 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound. . 
 Algoma 
 
 2,226 
 
 938 
 
 1,087 
 
 1,399 
 
 585 
 
 1,833 
 
 28,550 
 10,906 
 17,113 
 
 32,175 
 12,429 
 20,033 
 
 4,686 
 1,382 
 2,810 
 
 24,996 
 
 8,162 
 
 16,507 
 
 1,575 
 
 836 
 
 . , 814 
 
 8,098 
 
 3,709 
 
 , . - 4,497 
 
 33,094 
 11,871 
 21,004 
 
 Totals 
 
 4,251 
 
 522,714 
 428,233 
 
 3,817 
 
 56,569 
 
 64,637 
 
 8,878 
 
 49,665 
 
 3,225 
 
 16,304 
 
 65,969 
 
 The (-1886 
 
 Pro- ■< 1885 
 
 viNOE. (1882-5 
 
 493,756 
 476,942 
 
 5,952,445 
 5,431,630 
 
 6,968,915 
 6,336,802 
 
 812,450 
 925,314 
 982,684 
 
 4,480,923 
 5,161,975 
 5,357,840 
 
 211,701 
 . 180,056 
 .172,724 
 
 1,066,944 
 924,891 
 
 5,547,86„ 
 6,086,88' 
 ' 6,238,34 
 
69 
 
 FARM WAGES. 
 
 TABLE No. XI.— Showing by -County Municipalities and groups of Counties Wages of Farm Hands and 
 Domestic Servants in Ontario in 1886, and for the five years 1882-6, 
 
 ■ 
 
 Farm Hands. 
 
 Domestics. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Per Year. 
 
 Per Month. 
 
 Per week, 
 
 With board. 
 
 Without board. 
 
 With board. 
 
 Without board. 
 
 With board. 
 
 
 1886 
 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 
 1882-6 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 $ 
 
 148 
 159 
 162 
 149 
 151 
 145 
 
 $ 
 
 160 
 175 
 170 
 167 
 167 
 148 
 
 258 
 
 247 
 237 
 239 
 247 
 
 1 
 
 254 
 269 
 252 
 240 
 241 
 244 
 
 $ c. 
 
 16 42 
 
 17 24 
 17 23 
 
 15 91 
 17 35 
 
 16 34 
 
 $ c. 
 
 17 73 
 
 18 61 
 18 47 
 
 16 69 
 
 17 86 
 16 93 
 
 $ c. 
 27 75 
 26 33 
 
 25 74 
 23 81 
 
 26 43 
 26 88 
 
 $ c. 
 27 41 
 27 37 
 27 47 
 24 59 
 27 16 
 27 36 
 
 $ c. 
 157 
 1 60 
 150 
 1 33 
 1 41 
 1 41 
 
 S c. 
 1 59 
 1 55 
 
 Elgin 
 
 1 56 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 1 39 
 1 44 
 139 
 
 Group 
 
 154 
 
 162 
 
 248 
 
 251 
 
 16 84 
 
 17 93 
 
 26 10 
 
 26 89 
 
 1 46 
 
 1 49 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 160 
 157 
 154 
 
 172 
 166 
 163 
 
 257 
 248 
 248 
 250 
 
 271 
 258 
 254 
 
 17 05 
 17 09 
 17 25 
 
 18 50 
 18 43 
 18 51 
 
 26 50 
 26 46 
 26 77 
 
 28 22 
 27 96 
 27 73 
 
 162 
 1 49 
 1 46 
 
 1 55 
 1 49 
 
 Bruce 
 
 1 45 
 
 Group 
 
 167 
 
 166 
 
 260 
 
 17 13 
 
 18 48 
 
 26 59 
 
 28 02 
 
 1 49 
 
 1 49 
 
 Grey 
 
 152 
 157 
 
 159 
 165 
 
 244 
 268 
 
 244 
 266 
 
 16 55 
 
 17 27 
 
 17 95 
 
 18 84 
 
 26 14 
 
 27 28 
 
 27 21 
 
 28 84 
 
 1 39 
 1 52 
 
 1 39 
 
 Siincoe 
 
 1 52 
 
 Group 
 
 155 
 
 162 
 
 257 
 
 256 
 
 16 91 
 
 18 48 
 
 26 80 
 
 26 57 
 26 69 
 
 26 53 
 
 27 93 
 26 46 
 26 88 
 26 42 
 
 28 12 
 
 1 44 
 
 1 44 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 159 
 159 
 157 
 161 
 160 
 153 
 151 
 
 169 
 166 
 163 
 166 
 165 
 156 
 156 
 
 255 
 249 
 242 
 256 
 262 
 260 
 249 
 
 252 
 253 
 244 
 269 
 260 
 251 
 253 
 
 17 02 
 16 91 
 16 70 
 
 18 09 
 16 65 
 
 16 96 
 
 17 19 
 
 19 02 
 17 41 
 17 71 
 19 28 
 17 90 
 
 17 75 
 
 18 08 
 
 27 83 
 26 31 
 
 26 14' 
 29 40 
 
 27 70 
 26 63 
 
 28 18 
 
 1 56 
 1 57 
 1 64 
 1 56 
 1 55 
 1 42 
 1 56 
 
 157 
 1 69 
 1 68 
 
 Perth 
 
 1 56 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 1 64 
 1 47 
 1 46. 
 
 Group 
 
 158 
 
 164 
 
 254 
 
 253 
 
 17 07 
 
 18 18 
 
 26 76 
 
 27 30 
 
 1 54 
 
 1 54 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 156 
 158 
 163 
 171 
 170 
 163 
 165 
 158 
 154 
 
 159 
 158 
 171 
 170 
 171 
 169 
 166 
 158 
 154 
 
 237 
 254 
 269 
 266 
 268 
 256 
 242 
 246 
 226 
 
 244 
 254 
 267 
 267 
 264 
 266 
 248 
 248 
 227 
 
 16 90 
 
 17 04 
 
 17 48 
 
 18 33 
 17 51 
 16 31 
 16 39 
 16 80 
 16 82 
 
 17 82 
 
 17 85 
 
 18 66 
 18 95 
 18 37 
 18 35 
 17 40 
 17 29 
 17 05 
 
 25 81 
 
 27 48 
 
 26 55 
 
 28 33 
 28 54 
 25 78 
 25 95 
 25 60 
 24 05 
 
 26 27 
 
 27 45 
 
 28 25 
 28 89 
 28 54 
 28 42 
 26 43 
 26 16 
 24 33 
 
 1 47 
 1 58 
 1 74 
 1 78 
 1 63 
 1 53 
 1 61 
 1 54 
 . 1 40 
 
 1 45 
 1 53 
 1 68 
 1 76 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 N orthmuberrnd 
 Prince Edward. 
 
 1 69 
 
 1 m 
 167 
 1 53 
 1 41 
 
 Group 
 
 163 
 
 165 
 
 248 
 
 253 
 
 17 12 
 
 18 05 
 
 26 65 
 
 27 23 
 
 1 59 
 
 1 56 
 
 Lennox & Add. 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds &Gren.. 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 161 
 160 
 163 
 157 
 148 
 142 
 148 
 156 
 166 
 176 
 171 
 
 158 
 155 
 167 
 169 
 169 
 166 
 167 
 173 
 166 
 174 
 177 
 
 256 
 269 
 249 
 249 
 224 
 231 
 244 
 239 
 267 
 276 
 270 
 
 241 
 251 
 264 
 286 
 240 
 249 
 265 
 255 
 267 
 273 
 271 
 
 16 50 
 
 16 80 
 
 17 36 
 
 18 04 
 18 52 
 17 17 
 17 22 
 17 00 
 17 79 
 
 16 32 
 
 17 79 
 
 17 20 
 
 18 12 
 
 18 70 
 17 81 
 
 19 26 
 19 05 
 19 50 
 19 34 
 
 17 94 
 
 18 56 
 
 19 08 
 
 26 16 
 
 27 14 
 
 25 95 
 27 30 
 
 27 39 
 
 28 09 
 
 26 45 
 
 27 17 
 27 37 
 
 26 79 
 
 27 71 
 
 26 50 
 
 27 20 
 
 27 14 
 
 28 19 
 28 65 
 28 56 
 28 78 
 
 27 93 
 
 28 01 
 28 20 
 27 93 
 
 1 48 
 1 55 
 1 52 
 1 64 
 1 58 
 1 65 
 1 38 
 1 35 
 1 66 
 1 36 
 1 64 
 
 1 54 
 1 47 
 1 51 
 1 68 
 1 52 
 1 60 
 1 42 
 1 36 
 1 63 
 1 39 
 1 66 
 
 Group 
 
 159 
 
 166 
 
 252 
 
 263 
 
 17 33 
 
 18 67 
 
 26 99 
 
 27 48 
 
 1 54 
 
 1 62 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough . . 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 167 
 172 
 158 
 160 
 
 169 
 173 
 167 
 163 
 
 245 
 260 
 260 
 252 
 
 255 
 264 
 266 
 253 
 
 16 60 
 
 17 09 
 17 35 
 
 15 87 
 
 18 41 
 
 19 03 
 18 91 
 17 69 
 
 25 94 
 27 14 
 27 46 
 25 52 
 
 27 91 
 
 28 00 
 
 29 20 
 26 13 
 
 1 53 
 1 60 
 1 19 
 1 44 
 
 157 
 1 58 
 1 31 
 1 44 
 
 Group 
 
 165 
 
 168 
 
 262 
 
 257 
 
 16 56 
 
 18 43 
 
 26 28 
 
 27 56 
 
 1 50 
 
 1 52 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Pari;y Sound . . 
 Algoma 
 
 149 
 158 
 150 
 
 171 
 175 
 177 
 
 253 
 256 
 255 
 
 279 
 275 
 280 
 
 17 74 
 
 16 62 
 
 17 50 
 
 19 81 
 19 61 
 21 19 
 
 27 38 
 27 41 
 27 56 
 
 29 82 
 
 30 31 
 
 31 30 
 
 1 49 
 1 62 
 1 60 
 
 1 48 
 1 46 
 1 62 
 
 Group 
 
 151 
 
 175 
 
 254 
 
 279 
 
 17 48 
 
 20 11 
 
 27 43 
 
 30 36 
 
 1 51 
 
 1 49 
 
 The Pbo-( 1886 
 viNOE.. (18861 
 
 158 
 160 
 
 166 
 
 251 
 253 
 
 2,55 
 
 17 06 
 
 17 32 1 
 
 18 24 
 
 26 64 
 
 27 18 
 
 27 63 
 
 1 52 
 1 51 
 
 1 52 
 
 6 (A.R.) 
 
Ontario Experimental Farm Sale of Live Stock, at Guelph, on Thursday, 
 
 September 23, 1886. 
 
 A free course of practical and class-room instruction in butter-making 
 at the Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Guelph, 
 in the month of September. Apply to Prof. Robertson. 
 
AGRICULTURAL RETURNS 
 
 REPORT ON THE CROPS AND LITE STOCK OF ONTARIO. 
 
 The report on crops, live stock and other subjects, presented herewith, has been 
 eompiled^from information furnished to the Bureau by its regular stafi of correspondents, 
 representing almost every township of the province. The acreage of crops is prepared 
 from schedules filled by farmers, and returned to the Bureau on the 25th of June ; the 
 product is computed from returns of actual yield made by threshers and correspondents 
 on the 28th of October ; and the acreage of farm land and of orchard and garden, 
 together with the census of rural population, is made up from the assessment rolls of 
 township municipalities. The tables of temperature, sunshine and rainfall have been 
 prepared at the Meteorological Office, under the direction of the Superintendent. 
 
 A. BLUE, 
 Secretary. 
 Bureau op Industries, 
 
 ' Toronto, November, 1886. 
 
AREA AND PRODUCE OF FIELD CROPS. 
 
 The Btatistics showing area, aggregate yield and yield per acre of cereal and root 
 crops in Ontario for 1886 and 1885, together with ayerages of area and yield for the five 
 years' period, 1882-6, are presented in the following table : 
 
 Crops. 
 
 FaU Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Rye 
 
 Pease 
 
 Com (in ear) 
 
 Buckwheat 
 
 Beans 
 
 Hay and Clover (tons) 
 
 Potatoes ....*. 
 
 Mangels 
 
 Carrots 
 
 Turnips 
 
 Years. 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 18S6 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 18S2-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 , 1885 
 I 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-G 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 1886 
 1885 
 1882-6 
 
 Acres. 
 
 880,402 
 875,136 
 982,402 
 
 577,465 
 799,463 
 654,360 
 
 735,778 
 597,873 
 727,979 
 
 1,621,901 
 1,543,745 
 1,490,654 
 
 67,779 
 
 78,293 
 
 124,575 
 
 703,936 
 646,081 
 604,897 
 
 156,494 
 167,831 
 176,410 
 
 70,792 
 61,776 
 62,110 
 
 21,072 
 24,651 
 22,597 
 
 2,295,151 
 2,268,091 
 2,159,580 
 
 140,143 
 159,741 
 159,233 
 
 18,170 
 16,436 
 17,191 
 
 9,267 
 
 9,024 
 
 10,101 
 
 98,931 
 
 102,303 
 
 96,537 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 18,071,142 
 21,478,281 
 20,635,843 
 
 9,518,553 
 
 9,129,881 
 
 10,530,031 
 
 10,512,278 
 10,533,587 
 19,572,730 
 
 58,665,608 
 55,229,742 
 55,333,393 
 
 1,106,462 
 1,271,506 
 2,102,453 
 
 16,043,734 
 14,006,192 
 13,084,274 
 
 10,805,309 
 10,741,391 
 11,975;813 
 
 1,678,708 
 1,530.675 
 1,489,231 
 
 482,072 
 496,564 
 495,148 
 
 2,994,446 
 3,252.1.05 
 3,125,807 
 
 16,012,358 
 21,091,144 
 19,890,538 
 
 8,787,743 
 7,600,729 
 7,813,418 
 
 3,478,751 
 3,462,319 
 3,826,536 
 
 47,061,053 
 41,137,735 
 39,568,767 
 
 Bush, 
 per acre. 
 
 20.4 
 24.5 
 21.0 
 
 16.5 
 11.4 
 16.1 
 
 26.5 
 27.7 
 26.9 
 
 36.2 
 35.^ 
 37.1 
 
 10 3 
 16.2 
 10.9 
 
 22.8 
 21.7 
 21.6 
 
 09.0 
 
 64.0* 
 
 67.9 
 
 23.7 
 24.8 
 24.0 
 
 22.9 
 20.1 
 21.9 
 
 1..S6 
 1.43 
 1.42 
 
 114.3 
 132.0 
 125.0 
 
 483.6 
 400.1 
 454.5 
 
 375.4 
 383.7 
 378.8 
 
 475.7 
 402.1 
 409.9 
 
 The wheat crop is in area 172,895 acies and in produce 3,576,179 bushels less than 
 the average of five years. The bailey an a exceeds the average by ?,''99 acres, but the 
 product is less by 60,452 bushels.' The area in oats is greater than the average by 
 131,247 acres, and greater than the average of produce by 3,338,315 bushels. Rye is 
 diminishing in breadth and yield. The area in pease is steadily enlarging, being this 
 year 99,039 acres more tlmn the average of five years, while the produce is 2,959,460 
 bushels in excess of the average. The corn area is 19.916 acres less than the average, 
 and its yield is less by 1,170,504 busht Is. There is an increase of 8,682 acres in buck- 
 wheat and a decreiise of 1,525 in beans. The area ol hay and clover exceeds the average 
 by 135,571 acres, but the produce is less by 131,361 tons — the jie'd per acre being 140 
 pounds less than the average. The area iu potatoes is 19,090 acres less than the average^ 
 
«nd the produce is lesa by 3,884,180 bushels. Carrots, mangels and turnips vary but 
 (lightly from the average of area, but the turnip crop exceeds the average of five years 
 by 7,492,286 bushels. 
 
 COMPARATIVE YIELD OF CROPS. 
 
 In the following table is presented the yield per acre of wheat, barley and oats in 
 Ontario and eight of the principal grain-growing states of the American union for the 
 five years 1882-6 : 
 
 — 
 
 1886. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1882, 
 
 26.3 
 16.7 
 17.3 
 16.7 
 16.0 
 18.7 
 15.6 
 
 16.5 
 11.0 
 13.3 
 
 28.6 
 19.9 
 25.2 
 24.0 
 22.5 
 25.0 
 23.6 
 21.7 
 23.3, 
 
 36.4 
 28.0 
 33.3 
 27.0 
 37.4 
 34.2 
 27.8 
 31.8 
 40.0 
 
 Pall Wheat : 
 
 Ontario Bush. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 New York 
 
 20.4 
 15.7 
 16.3 
 15.1 
 13.1 
 17.0- 
 13.0 
 
 16.5 
 12.5 
 12.6 
 
 26.5 
 27.0 
 22.6 
 21.0 
 22.0 
 22.0 
 18.0 
 22.5 
 23.0 
 
 36.2 
 33.0 
 30.0 
 30.8 
 31.6 
 29.0 
 32.1 
 34.3 
 34;5 
 
 24.5 
 8.1 
 20.0 
 10.8 
 9.2 
 16.5 
 10.0 
 
 11.4 
 11.2 
 11.5 
 
 27.7 
 20.5 
 27.0 
 12.6 
 22.3 
 22.0 
 18.5 
 23.0 
 23.8 
 
 35.8 
 34.5 
 36.5 
 31.6 
 32.7 
 28.0 
 s!7.0 
 32.5 
 34.7 
 
 24.0 
 15.3 
 14.0 
 13.2 
 / 12.6 
 16.5 
 16.0 
 
 20.2 
 12.5 
 16.1 
 
 27.3 
 26.0 
 23.0 
 23.0 
 24.0 
 23.0 
 19.0 
 23.0 
 26.4 
 
 38.9 
 29.0 
 32.0 
 30.0 
 33.0 
 30.0 
 28.0 
 32.0 
 35.3 
 
 10.6 
 9.6 
 12.0 
 10.4 
 10.0 
 11.0 
 13.5 
 
 16.6 
 12.7 
 13.2 
 
 24.3 
 21.0 
 21.0 
 20.4 
 26.0 
 24.6 
 25.0 
 23.6 
 24.0 
 
 38.5 
 34.0 
 36.7 
 30.5 
 33.0 
 32.0 
 33.0 
 36.0 
 37.0 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Spfujq Wheat: 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Barley: 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Oats: 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Indiana 
 
 New York 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 In the several States with which comparison is made, the average is computed from 
 reports of threshers and correspondents to the United States Department of Agriculture, 
 which is also the method adopted by this Bureau. It will be observed that, wii-h few 
 exceptions, Ontario has kept the lead throughout the period of five years. 
 
 VALUES OF FARM PROPERTY. 
 
 The values of farm property for 1885 and 1886, aiid the average for the five years' 
 period 1882-6, are as follows : 
 
 Farm lands. 
 Buildings . . 
 Implements. 
 Live Stock . 
 
 Totals 
 
 1886. 
 
 $648,009,828 
 
 183,748,212 
 
 50,530,9.S6 
 
 107,208,935 
 
 $989,497,911 
 
 1885. 
 
 $626,422,024 
 
 182,477,905 
 
 48,569,725 
 
 100,690,086 
 
 $968,159,740 
 
 1882-6. 
 
 $O.S7,409,217 
 
 167,071,058 
 
 45,496,743 
 
 98,325,787 
 
 $948,302,805 
 
 These values are made up from the June schedules of farraer-i. They show an 
 iuorease on the figures of last year of $21,587,804 in farm lands, $6,518,849 in live stock 
 
$1,961,211 in implements, and a little over $1,000,000 in buildings, or a total excesB 
 over the values of 1885 of 131,338,171 and of 141,195,106 over the average values of the 
 five years' period. 
 
 AREA OF RURAL LANDS. 
 ' The area of rural lands, and the rural population as jiresented in Table x, are pre- 
 pared from returns made by township clerks, taken from the assessment rolls of the 
 year. The statistics for 1884, 1885 and 1886, are as follows : 
 
 
 1886. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1884. 
 
 
 Resident 
 
 20,860,361 
 914,420 
 
 20,671,554 
 1,103,745 
 
 20,567,632 
 1,144,684 
 
 Non- resident- 
 
 
 10,942,686 
 8,697,702 
 2,134,393 
 
 10,856,283 
 8,883,004 
 2,036,012 
 
 10,736,086 
 8,914,719 
 2,061,511 
 
 Woodland 
 
 Swaujp, marsh or waste land 
 
 21,774,781 
 
 186,429 
 1,143,187 
 
 21,775,299 
 
 191,266 
 1,126,554 
 
 21,712,316 
 
 192,837 
 1,117,880 
 
 Orchard and garden 
 
 H>iiral population 
 
 
 These statistics embrace only the older portions of the province, in which townships 
 are organisKd as municipalities. Many of the newer townships in the northern districts 
 are without municipal organization, and no means are available for ascertaining the yearly 
 progress of settlement in them. The increase of area of farm lands and of rural popu- 
 lation is taking place mainly in those districts, consequently the figures of the Table do 
 not show the actual expansion of the province. 
 
 THE GRAIN CROPS. 
 
 There is little in the November returns to supplement the report of August 
 concerning the condition or harvesting of fall wheat. In nearly all cases the estimates 
 both of yield and quality given at that time were verified when the grain was threshed, 
 and the summary for the province remains unchanged — a short crop of unusually good 
 quality. In only one portion of the province is the yield a good one, namely, in the 
 eastern Lake Ontario and East Midland counties. In that section the crop was a very 
 satisfactory one in all respects. One report from Peterborough county gives an average 
 of 40 bushels, and' mentions a particular yield of 47 bushels per acre. Several corres- 
 pondents in the same section report yields of over 30 bushels. Except in a few places in 
 the River counties, where there was too much rain, the quality of the grain is far above 
 the average, many correspondents describing the wheat as the best they have ever seen. 
 Tests of weiglit seem to have given very satisfactory results. One case — from Harwich, 
 in the county of Kent — of 68 lbs. to the bushel is reported, and a number of returns 
 mention weii^hts in excess of the standard. Only a small percentage of the correspond- 
 ents complain of damage by rust, midge or wire-worm, and these chiefly in the western 
 portion of the province. In some places chess and noxious weeds grew up in spots left 
 bare by winter-killing. , 
 
 Though in the aggregate neither the yield nor the quality of the spring wheat crop 
 can be regarded as satisfactory, yet it is gratifying to learn that as to a very large por- 
 tion of the province the results of threshing are far from verifying the rather gloomy 
 predictions of the August report. In most of the counties comprised in the western 
 peninsula of the province, the yield may, generally speaking, be considered a very 
 inferior one, the result in great measure of the severe drought which followed a late and 
 rather unfavorable sowing season. The sample in these counties is usually reported as 
 more or less shrunken, owing to drought and rust. Ths only western counties which may 
 
be taken as exceptional to this condition of things are Grey, Simcoe and Dufferin, where 
 there appears to have been at least a fairly good yield, and where the sample is generally 
 reported to be excellent. The same remark applies to considerable areas in the' Lake 
 Huron counties, and in a much more limited sense to occasional localities in the West 
 Midland counties and those boidering on the extreme western end of Lake Ontario. 
 The failure is almost invariably reported to be most conspicuous in the old and bald 
 varieties, while some of the newer and bearded sorts have frequently yielded well in the 
 midst of surrounding failure. Coming now to the eastern part of the Province, begin- 
 ning with the county of York, it is pleasing to note that the fears expressed by so many 
 correspondents during the maturing season, of serious visitations by rust and insect pests, 
 have proved almost entirely groundless. It is true that there is an occasional report of 
 damage by rust on late fields, but the general tone of the returns is exceedingly favor- 
 able. This is particularly the case in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa and East Midland 
 groups, though in some parts of Hastings, Carleton, Renfrew and Lanark the reports are 
 more varying in their character. On the whole, this year's crop of spring wheat has 
 proved much better in point both of yield and quality than seemed likely when the 
 returns were made for the August report. 
 
 Barley has been a fairly successful crop. The promise given when the August 
 reports were sent in has not been altogether fulfilled, as rains between that period 
 imd the barley harvest in many localities caused more or less discoloration. Despite 
 this untoward circumstance, however, the proportion of " No. 1 bright " in most parts of 
 the province is satisfactorily large. Throughout the western counties the yield was 
 much affected by the long drought, being on this account hardly up to the average ; but 
 the weather was very favorable for harvesting, and the greater portion of the grain is 
 consequently good and bright. Some complaints are made of shrivelled and discolored 
 ^rain, probably one-third of the whole crop being thus afiected. From the counties of 
 York and Simcoe eastward, on the other hand, the yield is an average one, or over, while 
 the discoloration is considerable. In nearly all cases where the grain was early enough 
 to escape the August rains the sample is remarkably good and the yield somewhat above 
 the average. 
 
 The oat crop of the province appears to be at least a full average both in yield and 
 quality, for though in some localities the sample is reported rather light in weight, owing 
 to drought, in many others it weighs unusually well and is bright in color, while in 
 nearly every part of the province the yield per acre is fully up to the average. In a good 
 many of the western counties the straw is reported short in consequence of drought, but 
 even where this was the case the yield of grain was not appreciably impaired. Eust also 
 made an occasional appearance, especially on late sown fields, but the damage from this 
 cause is not extensive, except perhaps in the county of Carleton and in some limited 
 localities in the Lake Ontario group. Rain in harvest time spoiled the sample in some 
 parts of the county of Simcoe. 
 
 Rye was a fair average crop in most of the districts where it was grown. In some 
 places in the east it appears to have been generally satisfactory both as to quality and 
 yield ; though a few of the returns are unfavorable, chiefly as regards quality. In the 
 west the county of Norfolk is the only producer of rye in any quantity. There the grain 
 shows generally a fine sample, but the crop was shortened somewhat by the drought. 
 
 PEASE. 
 
 Over the whole of the western peninsula there is a remarkable uniformity in the 
 character and even in the language of the returns as to this year's pea crop. " Very 
 good ; no bugs," is the succinct description of the crop given by scores of correspondents, 
 with the remark occasionally added that the straw was shortened by the drought, though 
 it did not appreciably impair the yield, or that lato sown fields suffered from mildew. 
 From nearly the whole of western Ontario the bug, the old time enemy of the pea crop, 
 seems to have vanished. Less than half-a-dozen correspondents out of about four hundred 
 
mention that he is present, while his absence is made the subject of pretty general and 
 not unnatural rejoicing by the farming community, whom he had well nigh driven to 
 abandon the culture of this valuable legume. In many of the counties lying east of York 
 and Simcoe the 'reports are not so uniformly favorable, but "fair to middling" would 
 perhaps sum up correctly the condition of the crop in even those counties from which 
 come the taiost uiifavorable reports. In the eastei^n counties as well as in the western 
 the presence of the bug is very rarely noted, btit mildew appears to have been more gen- 
 erally prevalent, especially in late sown pease. Taking the province as a whole, however,, 
 the pea crop of 1886 appears to be a large one and the sample unusually good. 
 
 Edmund B. HarriBon, Howard, Kent : Quality good ; yield small. Drought ripened the pease prema- 
 turely and the rain produced a second growth. 
 
 Geo. A, Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : The best crop of pease that has been grown here for many years. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Pease a good crop, except late sown, which were injured by 
 mildew. 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Pease very good and free of bugs. 
 
 Jno. R. Smith, Plympton, Lambton : Pease good — no bug. Farmers are now paying more attention to 
 this valuable crop, which pays weU. 
 
 K. Eleck, Moore, Lambtbn : Fine crop ; bug appears to have left us, 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Pease very good — not a bug to be seen. 
 
 Jno. Anderson, East Wawanosh, Huron : Pease good, and yield to the acre best of any crop this year. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : Pease a good crop, but much injured by a hail storm. 
 
 Malcolm Cameron, Bentinck, Grey : Pease splendid crop— no bug. 
 
 Basil B,. Rowe, Orillia, Simcoe: Pease harvested early, very good ; the late ones injured by rain— not 
 marketable. 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, Mosa, Middlesex : The pea bug has disappeared. I had 30 acres of pease, most oi 
 which I persdnally handled, in field, threshing, marketing and feeding, yet I have not seen a pea bug this, 
 season. Threshers report the same. 
 
 Robt. Leak, East Oxford, Oxford : The best sample we have had in ten years. 
 
 Daniel Burt, South Dumfries, Brant ; Good crop, fine quality and largely cultivated. 
 
 Geo. Leversage, Pullarton, Perth : Pease an unusually good crop ; don't know that I ever knew them 
 so uniformly good. 
 
 Chas. Masson, Eramosa, Wellington : Sample good ; no bug, no worm. 
 
 Wm. McKay, Toronto, Peel ; Early, good ; late ones took a second growth after the rains in harvest, 
 which hurt the sample. 
 
 James H. Newlove, Albion, J'eel : Pease good ; no injury by rain, rust or insects. 
 James Leask, Scott, Ontario : When early sown, good ; others mildewed. 
 
 Jno. WiUiams, Hamilton, Northumberland : Only middling, being rather small from the drought in 
 filling time. Pease suffered most from the dry weather. 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : Every kind a fine sample. All buyers admit we raise a 
 superior sample of pease in this county. 
 
 John Blkington, M. D., Palraerston arid Canonto, Frontenac : The few farmers who have threshed 
 pease by hand for immediate hog feed report that although the straw was most luxuriant, yet the yield i» 
 below the promise. 
 
 Isaiah Wright, Augusta, Grenville : Only a middling crop ; a little too wet and cool. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : Pease good on clay so^ls, but mildewed on light soils. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Carleton : Early pease, good ; late, too rank and badly mildewed. 
 
 H. A. Schultz, Sebaslopol, Renfrew : Quality good with some farmers, but with others they were badly 
 damaged by mildew. 
 
 J. A. Jackson, Eldon, Victoria : Pease generally good excepting late sowing, which in some varieties, 
 were mildewed. 
 
 Jamee S. Caimduff, Harvey, Peterboro' : Quality very good and yielded well. 
 
 W. C. Melville, Stanhope, Haliburton : A good crop — the best for years. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Sound and free from insects, but light in many places, 
 
 Chas. Robertson, Cardwell, Muskoka : Pease very good j no bug ; the best sample to be seen. 
 
 Capt. D. Macf arlane, Foley, Parry Sound : Straw too long ; some nearly twelve feet ; yield 30 bushel 
 to the acre. 
 
BEANS. 
 
 In Kent and the adjoining portions of Essex and Elgin, beans have been a fairly 
 successful crop, though kept back to some extent by the severe drought. The sample is 
 spoken of as fair, the crop being harvested iti good condition. Outside of this district 
 and parts of Norfolk and Braiit, beans are grown for market only in a few localities in 
 the up|ier Ottuwa counties and Hastinjrs. In the former they appear to have suffered in 
 some measure from the excessive rainfall, but were still fairly up to the average. 
 
 , 'J. 
 
 Alex. Young, Harwich, Kent : Beans show a good bright sample, and need no picking. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Keat : Beans are a very irregular crop, some being prime and a great deal worth 
 nothing. 
 
 Lewis Simpson, South Dorchester, Elgin : Beans are generally good, and harvested in good order. 
 
 Win. W. Wells, Woodhouae, Norfolk : Beans, su far as heard from, are a middling crop. 
 
 P. R. McDonald, 0.«goode, Carleton : There w^aa too much wet for beans. 
 
 Geo. Sparling, Stafford, Renfrew : Beans are good, but they are not grown here in large fields. 
 
 INDIAN CORN. 
 
 The early part of the season was very unfavorable for the growth of corn. Wet 
 and cold wea'her at planting, with cool nights and the long drought later on, seriously 
 retarded its progress. Towards ripening time there was a great change for the better, 
 and the crop was enabled to regain very rapidly the ground it had lost during the summer. 
 In what may be aptly termed the corn belt — viz. : that portion of the province lying 
 south of a line drawn from the i-outhevn extremity of Lake Huron to the western 
 extremity of Lake Ontario, or from Sarnia to Hamilton- — this favorable weather brought 
 in a fiiir average crop, while a few correspondents speak of exceptionally good fields. It 
 is geiii rally remarked that the ripening has been more perfect and uniform than usual. 
 Some d image was done to the corn in sli0i.k by the great wind storm of October 14th. In 
 the Lake Ontario and River St. Lawrence counties, where this crop is tried to some 
 extent, there was fair success. Frost came later than usual, and a large proportion of 
 the earj hardened well. 
 
 John Buckland, Gosfield, Essex : Corn is not a large crop, but is sound and good. 
 
 Alex. Young, Harwoh, Kent : There are some fine fields of com, well ripened, while others were hurt 
 by the drought. The yellow variety is the best. 
 
 Sheldoi Ward, Malahide, Elgin : Early planted corn is pood ; late planted has the ears short and not 
 filled out at the end. Dry weather is supposed to have been the cause of the damage. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, Chariotteville, Norfolk : Corn was in good conrlition at harvesting. The storm of the 
 13th October blew a great deal of it down, and much of it is not set up yet. 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Corn is good, but the ears are somewhat shorter than common, 
 owing 1 o the dry season. The damage would probably amount to fifteen per cent. 
 
 John A. Law, Stamford, Welland : The condition of corn is good, but the early drought hurt it very 
 much, especially im clay or mucky so 1. There is not half a crop on these, but with me there is a splendid 
 crop on sandy soil, exceeding one hundred bushels per acre. 
 
 Silas Mills, Moore, Lambton : Com is good. It was hurt by the cool summer and the drought, but 
 favorable weather shortly before the crop was lipe materially improved it. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Corn is grovm to a limited extent here, and did well. I had » lot of 
 westein com, or horsetooth dent, that ripene.l perfectly. 
 
 Wm. Jainieson, Westminster, Middlesex : Corn was kept back in the early part of the season by 
 continued cold nights ; hence the yield in general will be only average. It was pretty well handled before 
 frost straok it. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : A good many soft ears, but on the whole a fair crop. Not a 
 great deal grown. 
 
10 
 
 Thomas Lunu, Oakland, Brant : This fall has been very favorable for the ripening of corn and other 
 late crops. The frost kept off so long that even Stowel's evergreen corn has ripened this j'ear, a thing that 
 has not happened for several years. 
 
 James Stall, Grantham, Lincoln : Com that came up well was a good crop. 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Com is only a medium crop. There was not much planted owiugto 
 the wet spring. Drought did not affect it much, and it was well ripened and cut before fro»t came. 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : Corn is a splendid crop ; nearly all got hard. 
 
 SORGHUM. 
 
 Sorghum was never very extensively cultivaterl in Ontario, and at present it seems 
 to be steadily declining in favor, owing chiefly to the comparative failure of the crop for. 
 the last few years. This year's crop is sufficiently doubtful in its product to justify 
 the anticipation of a still further decline in the small acreage now sown. Though 
 some farmers in Essex and Kent report a yield' varying from fair to good, many growers 
 ■complain that the crop was injured at an early staj;e by frost and cold, chilly niglits, and 
 that the summer was too dry and cool for the proper development of the cane. The 
 ■reports from those portions of Norfolk in which it is cultivated are more favorable. The 
 •quantity grown elsewhere in the province is so small that it is scarcely mentioned by 
 •correspondents. 
 
 John Warnock, Tilbury West, Essex : Sorghum is a fair crop where it was well attended to. 
 
 Reuben Taylor, Tilbury West, Essex : Sorghum fair ; less raised than two years ago. 
 
 Alex. Young, Harwich, Kent : Sorghum poor : too dry and cool. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Iiunwich, Elgin : Not so good as last year, cold chilly nights for a time, and then 
 the dry hot summer dwarfed it. 
 
 John Meharg, Houghton, Norfolk : Sorghum was got in and cured in good condition. 
 
 BUCKWHEAT. 
 
 The season has been a favorable one for buckwheat in that portion of the province 
 where it is most largely grown ; namely, the eastern and north-eastern counties. In a 
 few cases frost nipped the later fields, but the yield was generally very good and the 
 grain was saved in good condition. In 'the Lake Erie counties the crop was severely 
 -damaged by the drought, being in some places a complete failure. A few reports also 
 mention injury by rain at harvest time. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Buckwheat is not much grown. What little was grown was 
 njnred by excessive heat when in bloom. . 
 
 Robert Watson, Windham, Norfolk : The weather was very dry, and the buckwheat was late coming 
 up ; but as there have been but two light frosts all ripened well. 
 
 L. Buokton, Crowland, Welland: Baokwheat did not coma to anything. It was mostly ploughed 
 under and the ground sown with wheat. 
 
 George Sanderson, Cramahe, Northumberland : Buckwheat is a light crop. Some late fields were 
 injured by frost. 
 
 George N. Rose, North Marysburgh, Prince Edward : Buckwheat was hurt by the drought in its early 
 stages, but was ripe before the frost came. 
 
 P. W. Miller, Kaladar, Addington : Buckwheat is generally better than last year. Some pieces suffered 
 from drought. 
 
 W. Y. Newman, Oxford, Grenville : Buckwheat is excellent. The season has been very favorable. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : Buckwheat is a splendid crop and harvested in good order. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Buckwheat is good where not killed by frost. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : Late sown buckwheat yields amazingly ; early was very poor. 
 
11 
 
 FIELD ROOTS. 
 
 Potatoes have this year been an unsatisfactory crop throughput the greater part of the 
 province. There were many causes contributing to this failure, but a very heavy per- 
 ■centage of the damage is to be credited to two agencies — drought in the west and 
 excessive rains in the east. From the counties of Simcoe and Ontario westward, the 
 growth of the potato plants was very much retarded by the dry weather of early sum- 
 mer, and it was only under exceptional circumstances tliat they were able to contend 
 with this adverse influence. It is worthy of notice that special care in preparation of the 
 soil before planting and cultivation afterwards was rewarded by superior crops. In the 
 part of the province spoken of, though the crop came much below the average in quantity, 
 it was generally fair in quality. The potatoes were mostly small and few in the ground, 
 hut sound and good for use. In heavy clay and low mucky soil they were frequently 
 found to be affected with the rot ; but the percentage injured in this way appears to be 
 low, compared with that of last year's cro'p. Only a few correspondents speak of the 
 presence of the rot after the roots were taken up, and little damage to the crop in stbre 
 is anticipated. In the counties included in the angle of the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa, 
 from Leeds to Renfrew, a bad condition of the potato crop was the rule. In that district 
 the excess of rain committed greater havoc than did the drought in the west, and a 
 laraentahly large percentage of the crop rotted in the ground. In many cases both 
 -the tubers and the tops were injured, the latter being attacked by rust or blight. 
 The reports which mention even fair returns in any of these counties are very 
 scarce indeed. In the counties along Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence, from Durham 
 to Froatenac, the crop .escaped fairly from extremes of drought and wet, and the yield 
 was moder itely productive. Complaints of shortage and rob come from a few of the 
 correspondents, especially in Northumberland and Prince Edward, but they are excep- 
 tional. In the East Midland counties, lying immediately to the north of 'those last 
 mentioned, the crop was somewhat better, particularly in Halibui ton, where it seems to 
 have been unusually good. In the northern districts also the yield and quality seem to 
 have been satisfactory. The potato beetle does not seem to have been as universally 
 prevalent as in former years, though many and grievous complaints are still made 
 against this pest. Damage by the white grub is also mentioned in a few reports from 
 the Lake Eric counties and Wentworth. 
 
 Turnips, mangels and carrots are, with very few exceptions, reported on most favor- 
 ably. The drought at one time threatened their growth in most of the counties, but the 
 rain came in time to save them and secure a very good yield. They seem to have been 
 visited by no posts, even the turnip fly being reported from only two or three points. 
 More than one correspondent instances unusual growth of turnips and mangels, while 
 nearly all speak in a tone of satisfaction as to their condition. 
 
 When the reports were written the potato harvest was all but completed, and in 
 many places the work of harvesting the other roots was progressing well under favorable 
 circumstances. A goojil many farmers, however, were taking advantage of the fine 
 weather to let their turnips grow a while longer. 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich Bast, Essex : Potatoes are not very large, with plenty small ones ; but they 
 are very good, and not injured by rot. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Potatoes-quality good, but a very small crop, owing to drought and the 
 beetle. There were none rotten. All roots are small crops generally, but some few plots that got an early 
 start have done very well. The season is splendid at present for securing the crop for wmter. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunvrich, Elgin : Potatoes are variable. Some complain of rot on heavy soiU, but 
 not general. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : Potatoes were hijured by the white grub, but very few rotted. 
 Potatoes are a light crop owin^ to the drought. Mangels are an excellent crop and pretty much all har- 
 vested. Carrots and turnips will be harvested next week. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Potatoes were a fair crop and of good quaUty, but they are 
 rotting fast since taken up. 
 
12 
 
 John Meharg, Houghton, Norfolk : Potitops are a good crop and of good quality. In 16w heavy soil 
 they are rotting some, but as a general thing they are nut rotting much. Turnipa are looking well and are 
 growing nicely yet, and everything looks favorable for a good crop. The root crop is likely to be taken care- 
 of in good order as the weather is very favoral.le at piesent. 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Ualdimand : Potatoe? are an exoe'lent crop and give a large yield, with no 
 rot. Mangels very large and a finw crop ; turnips gooil, also carrots. Potatoes aie about all pitted or put 
 into cellars. We are busy now lifting mangels and carrots. The turnips are gi owing yet. 
 
 Wm. Chalmers, Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Potatoes are good but the sample is somewhat smaller than 
 last year. A good many have rotted after being dug. The loss will probably amount to 30 per cent. 
 
 G. B. Robertson, Wainfleet, Welland : Potatoes are generally in good condition. There are some cases 
 of rot, but not serious. 
 
 F. A, Hutt, Stamford, Welland : Roots were injured by summer drought, but much improved by 
 September and October rain. 
 
 George Shirley, Brooke, LambtOn : Quality of potatoes good, but very light yield. The same may be 
 said of mangels and carrots. All roots are being secured for winter under favorable conditions. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Potatoes very good indeed ; no rot heard of in any direction; 
 but^ smaller than usual in many localities on account of «o much dry weather during the sowing season. 
 Turnips are excellent, yielding 1,000 bushels to the acre in a few places. 
 
 Jno. Wright, Goderich, Huron : Condition and quality of potatoes are good where they were kept clear 
 of the bnga, but a good many farmers have not enough for their own use. They have not been injured by 
 rot. Turnips are very good. Mangels are a fine crop and carrots are good. Mangels and carrots are 
 secured, and tumipS will be mostly all taken up this week. 
 
 6. Edivin Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : The quality of potatoes grown this year is very good, but 
 with the greater number of farmers the yield has been miserable. In certain localities and under special 
 •ircumstarces the yield has been remarkable. No injury fr m rot. The cause of failure has been the dry 
 summer. Turnips, carrots, and mangels, an excellent, crop all over. Carrots and mangels all secured, and 
 a large part of the turnip crop in. 
 
 D. McNaughton, Bruce, Bruce: Potatoes generally in this locality are poor, the plant from its start 
 having a delicate appearance, caused no doubt by planting unsound seed and the dry weather; no rot. 
 Mangels were very large but very thin in the ground. Carrots were a good crop, 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : Potatoes in many instances are a total failure. All other roots are 
 good. 
 
 Joseph Townsend, Sullivan, Grey : Taking it all round potatoes are only a poor crop this year. The 
 long drought kept them back and they neVer rallied on clay boU. There is but very little rot. Turnipa 
 very good. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey: Potatoes vary from very bad all the way to very good. They are not 
 at all affeuted by the rot, but on dry soil the hot, dry weather through July Kud August burned them right 
 up. Turnips when sown were favored with a shower or two which gave them a start and carried them 
 through the dry spell, and the fall rains made tlieui a splendid crop. They are now being stored for the 
 widter. Mangels and carrots are also a good crop. 
 
 Basil R. Rowe, Orillia, Simooe : The rot apjieared to strike the potatoes late and damaged some pieces 
 very much, but housing, as last season, seems to have arrested its ravages. TurnijiS good. Mangels excel- 
 ent ; the rains seem to suit this crop. CaiTots good. Much has been secured and much out. There are 
 always a number of " afternoon " farmers. 
 
 Geo. Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : A light crop, injured slightly by rot. Turnips, mangels and carrots — 
 . erop and quality good. Mangels an. I carrots secured ; turnips still in the ground. 
 
 Wm. Jamieson, Westminster, Middlesex : Potatoes are of the very best qu dity, but not a very large 
 yield. I hear no word at all of any ror. Turnips made v ry little heiidway through all the dry season until 
 of late they seem to pick up, but will be under an average. Mangels have done very well and will be a 
 good yield. Carrots have not come up to an average. Roots are just being handled at this date with good 
 speed. 
 
 Richard JoUifife, North Dorchester, MidHlesPX : P.>tatoes are of an excellent quality and a fair average 
 eroi>. Tliere are some signs of rot since taking up. Mangels and carrots arc good crops and are taken 
 care of. 
 
 A. H. Secord, North Dorchester, Miditlesex : Potatoes are a poor crop generally in these parts and are 
 rotting badly. From present appearances tliey will nearly all go. Other roots are good. Not much ha& 
 been done towards housing these at tlie present. 
 
 R. A. Brown, West Nissouri, Middlesex : I have tj(is year the largest, driest and most abundant yield 
 of potatoes that I have had for 22 years ; had 100 bufhe's from ^ acre. Plenty of manure and cultivation, 
 with the dry season, are the causes. Some farmers will have to buy for their own use. None are rotttiu 
 Burbank and Chili have done best. My own turnips were only excelled once since I h:ive been farming— 
 that was in 1872. I had several that weighed 9(5 lbs. Turnips are generally good, but spring drought 
 shortened the mangels. 
 
 Jaipes Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford : Potatoes thin crop, few in number, but of first-class quality. 
 No rot worth mentioning. Turnips are a very fine crop and mostly secured in good condition. Mangels 
 are a very poor crop in general ; all harvested. Not many carrots grown, but fair crop. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantf ord. Brant : Potatoes were about an averasfe, but rotting badly on clay and 
 heavy, loamy soils. They vrfU be scarce and dear and are worth now in the city 75c. per bag of 90 lbs. 
 Turnips are about an average ; sound and good quality. 
 
l:^ 
 
 Duncan Stewart, North Easthope, Perth : Potatoes are extra good and dry, but the crop is far below 
 an average, in many cases not one-quarter crop. No rot of any account. Turnips very good and splendid 
 weather to harvest them. 
 
 Geo. Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Potatoes have been a very unequal crop. Some have a good crop, 
 while others will not have enough for family, use ; no rot. Turnips, mangels and carrots are generally 
 very good. Mangels all saved and farmers busy among turnips. 
 
 Duncan Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington : Potatnes in some fields where late are afine crop ; in others 
 thpy are a very poor crop. In damp ground the rot has injured them ; where the ground is dry there is no 
 Tot. Turnips are a very fine crop. Mangels very good ; carrots very good. We are busy securing root 
 crops for winter. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : Potatoes good in quality, but very considerably affected by disease- 
 dry rot. All other roots sound. MangUs and carrots all up, and turnips half harvested. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wihnot, Waterloo: Potatoes are of go'd quality, but a poor crop. The seed did not 
 STOW well, except some that we got from Prince Edward Island ; these yielded 200 bushels per acre. 
 Turnips a regular crop, but not large. Mangels a poor emp, mostly re-sown with turnips; 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Potatoes good a-idqua'ity never better; no rot to speak of . 
 Turnips, mangels, sugar beets and carrots quite equal to th immense crop of last year, and of rather better 
 quality. All busy securing for the winter ; another fine week and the bulk will be secured. 
 
 George Bailey, Melancthon, Dufferin : Quality of potatoes good, but crop small on account of dry 
 weather. , 
 
 A. G. Muir, North Grimsby, Lincoln : All kinds of root crops are extremely good, except potatoes 
 which are pour and will not average over one-half a crop. Turnips, mangels and carrots not gathered yet. ' 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Potatoes in some cases are an excellent crop. In other ca^es 
 especially where late in planting, they did not all come up, in consequence of drought, and arj^ therefore 
 light. White Elephant, Late Rose, and several other varieties are injured by rot. Turnips a fair crop. 
 Mangels and carrots also fair. Roots are not very extensively raised. Some farmers have secured their 
 mangels and carr. ts ; others are pulling them at present. Turnips.not yet touched. 
 
 Wm. Clements, county of Halton : Potatoes good ; a light crop on the clay, but very good on the 
 sand near the front of the county ; no rot. Turnips very good and also mangels. Have not commenced 
 to house th"m yet. 
 
 Peter McLcod, Chinguacousy, Peel : Potatoes in this locality have been in general very poor. In 
 some instances there were not any moie potatoes taken up than were planted. The cause was, I believe, 
 that potatoes were kept in warm cellars and hal sprouter I too much before planting. Another cause 
 was the season being very dry. Mangels and turnips are a good crop. Carrots are not much grown, but 
 what are grown are good. 
 
 W. H. Proctor, King, York : Potatoes are housed in goBd condition. The quality is medium. The 
 rot has affected snme, but not nearly so much as last year. Turnips, mangels and carrots are good crops. 
 Busy securing roots now. 
 
 George Evans jr., Georgina, York : The quality of potatoes is good, but they are a very light crop. 
 No rot has yet appeared. Turnips are rather small. Mangels fair, not very large. Carrot» veiy fair. 
 Roots of all kinds have been housed in good order, except turnips, the bulk of them being yet in the ground. 
 
 Henrv Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : Potatoes very good quality. Have not heard of a single instance 
 of rot. Turnips, mangels and carrots all very* good quality. Th" drought hurt them considerably in the 
 latt r part of August and beginning of September. Good progress has been made in securing all but 
 turnips ; farmers are busy at them now. 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Mara, Ontario : Potatoes are good in quality, a small yield, but good sample. I have 
 not seen a sign of rot this year in mine. I have heard that some have a little in clay land. Turnips a fair 
 crop, but not so good as last year, on account of drought. Mangels poor ; carrots smaJl. About half the roots 
 aresaved in good condition. 
 
 Robt. Hodge sr., Clarke, Durham: Potatoes very fine and good quality; no rot in this part; light 
 crop. Turnips suffered by dry weather. Mangels very good ; carrots an average crop. 
 
 Wm. Luca', Cartwright, Durham : Potatoes are exceptionally good ; no appearance of rot. Turnips, 
 mangels and carrots are also a good crop. The root crop is now being taken up and secured without, so 
 far, the slightest injury from frost. 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland : Potatoes— condition, quality and yield very good ; about 
 200 bushels to the acre. Turnips, inangelsand carrots all very good, but not extensively cultivated here. 
 Good progress has been made in seciriug. 
 
 M. Morden, Brighton, Northumberland : Potatoes are not good. Rot and scab will ruin half the crop. 
 
 George N. Rose, North Marysburgh, Prince Edward : Quality of potatoes good. In v.-ry heavy 
 land late potatoes were hurt, but not badly, by the rot. Turnips, mangels and carrots are looking well, 
 but are in the ground yet. 
 
 H. A. McFaul, Hillier, Prince Edward : Potatoes are a rather small crop from the extreme dry weather 
 and the potato bug. Not much rot, 
 
 P. W. Miller, Kaladar, Lennox and Addin^ton : Potntoes are of good quality ; crop not near so heavy 
 as last year ; very little complaint of rot. Turnips, mangels and carrots are good crops. They have all 
 been housed for winter. 
 
 Fred. Membery, Adolphustown, Lennox and Addington : Some pieces of potatoes will a/erago 120' 
 bushels per acre, and others are not worth digging. On a whole there will be a shortage in this county. 
 Other roots not raised much. 
 
]4 
 
 D. J. Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : Potatoes are of an excellent quality ; very slight indications 
 of rot in localities. Turnips good and yet growing. Manf^els also good and growing. Carrots are good. 
 Potatoes are all saved in good condition ; other roots are not dug as the season is so favorable ; the greatest 
 growth was in the past month. 
 
 John Blkington, M.D., Palmerston, Frontenao : Potatoes.a splendid crop. Some farmers tell me that 
 though the potatoes are very lar^e, tliare are but few in the hill. I must report a most marked diminution 
 ia the numbers of the Colorado beetle ; this is the first year since 1875 that I have used no Paris Green 
 whatever. 
 
 W. Y. Newman, Oxford, Leeds and Grenvillp : Potatoes are a poor crop, both in quality and quantity, 
 being small and doughy. Turnips, mangels and carrots good. The root crop has been all housed or pitted 
 in good condition. 
 
 John B. Wilson, Front of Lansdowne, Leeds and Grenville : Potatoes very dry and a good size ; very 
 few rotten. Turnips, mangels and carrots, few raised, except in gardens, and these are of good quality. 
 About all are secured for the vrinter. 
 
 G. D. Dixon, Matilda, Dundas : Potatoes not very good, especially on heavy soil. They were struck 
 with rust and commenced to rot about the middle of August, but from some cause stopped rotting. What 
 were left were very good. 
 
 B. Anderson, OomwaU, Stormont : Two-thirds of potatoes taken with rot. Turnips, mangels and 
 carrots are good, and nearly all secured, but there is not any great quantity of them raised in this township. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Potatoes are a good crop where they were not injured by 
 rot. In some places it would not pay to dig them ; in other places half a crop, according to soil. All heavy 
 soils more or less injured. All other root crops splendid, giving good encouragement to beginners. 
 
 James Surch, South Plantagenet, Prescott : Potatoes rusted badly, and are inferior in quantity and 
 quality. Many complain of rot. Turnips are good, the best for some years. Mangels fair and carrots a 
 good crop. Hoots are all secured in go^d condition, the weather being favorable. 
 
 Alfred Hill, Cumberland, Russell : Potatoes fair, what are left, but the greater part rotted in the 
 ground before digging commenced. Turnips, mangels and carrots a good crop. They are about all out of 
 the ground. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Carleton : The potato crop was a very poor one. In low clay land they were badly 
 injured by the rot. What were planted on high land remained sound, but very small. Mangels, carrots 
 and turnips were a good crop. They are about all secured for the winter. 
 
 H. A. Schultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : Potatoes are badly affected with the rot. Those that were 
 seemingly sound and good when dug are decayed now on being taken from the pits into cellars. About half 
 a crop. Turnips are a good crop, and were harvested in first-class condition. Mangels and carrots not 
 grown here to any large extent ; a fair crop, and housed in good condition. 
 
 George Sparling, Stafford, Renfrew : Potatoes very numerous, but about two-thirds of them spoiled by 
 rot. Turnips in good condition and of good quality. 
 
 Peter Guthrie, Darling, Lanark : Potatoes are an excellent crop and of good quality ; no rot. 
 
 G. Hamilton, Ramsay, Lanark : Potatoes are a light crop ; affected by blight of some kind which dried 
 up the stalks long before maturity, which has caused a short crop. They are considerably injured by rot 
 also. Turnips, mangels and carrots are fair crops. All secured. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria: Potatoes are of the. very best quality; none rotten. Turnips, 
 mangels, and carrots are in splendid condition, and four-fifths of them are secured in winter quarters. 
 
 W. A. Maxwell, Laxton, Victoria : Potatoes have not been injured by rot about here. Whatever 
 injury they sustained was from the long drought. Turnips have not been harvested yet, but from appear- 
 ance they look small in size. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterborough : Potatoes are good, and not troubled with rot this year. The 
 crop is somewhat deficient owing to drought at the time when rain was most wanted. Quality good. Other 
 roots have done well. 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterborough : Potatoes are good in quality, but a light crop. There is a 
 slight appearance of rot since they were housed. Roots are all up except turnips, and this is their 
 harvest week. 
 
 George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Potatoes good, but not more than three-fourths of a crop ; not 
 injured by rot. Turnips, mangels and carrots good. Most of the roots are taken up in this section. 
 
 Dan. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Potatoes are the best in point of crop or quality known for 
 years. There will be slight loss from rot where grown in Jow, wet soil. Turnips the same. Nearly all roots 
 are secured. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Potatoes the best crop for many years. They are unsalable 
 at 20 cents per bushel. Thousands of bushels could be bought at 20 cents, and they are very fine. No rot. 
 No word can describe their excellence except the word " galoptious." All roots are simply splendid. 
 
 Edward Bray, jr. , Stisted and Stephenson, Muskoka : Potatoes were a very good crop ; very few rotted. 
 Turnips not quite as good as other years. Carrots and mangels were excellent. They are all taken up and 
 secured for winter. 
 
 Charles Robertson, Cardwell, Muskoka: Potatoes are very good. A little rot but not much. The 
 quality is very good. Turnips are a very even crop. Mangels are good ; they are beginning to be more 
 appreciated by farmers. Carrots are the s^me. The roots are nearly all secm-ed. 
 
 J. M. Aiisley, McDougall, Parry Sound : Potatoes are good in quality and size, but a small yield. No 
 appearance of rot. Turnips and carrots are good in quality and a large yield. 
 
15 
 
 Capt. D. MaCf arlane, Foley, Parry Sound : Potato crop fair ; not equal to last year ; rotting on clav 
 soil. Turnips fair. Most of the root crop secured. ' ' 
 
 J. H. Johnston, Sandfield, Algoma: Potatoes are of extra quality. No injury by rot or any other 
 cause. Other roots are good. Potatoes are mostly secured ; turnips are still growing'. 
 
 CLOVER SEED. 
 
 Though the midge has not proved so generally destructive to the seed clover this 
 year as last, yet its ravages have been so serious in many places that, combined with 
 various adverse climatic influences to which the crop has been subject, they have reduced 
 the yield to something little better than a failure ; and apparently in a good many even 
 of the western counties the supply of seed will be insufficient for local requirement.'!. It 
 is also to be borne in mind that over a very large portion of the province no attempt is 
 made to grow clover for seed, and that owing to recent failures of the crop in western and 
 central Ontario from repeated attacks of the midge, the area devoted to clover seed 
 culture this year is very considerably less than last. But far from favorable though the 
 returns are in the aggregate this year, there are yet apparent in thera two or three 
 circumstances which should prevent farmers from too readily discontinuing this particular 
 branch of agricultural industry. In the first place, although, as already remarked, the 
 greatest insect enemy of the clover crop is still widely prevalent, its ravages are consider- 
 ably less in many localities than they have been for several years back ; and though the 
 clover midge may not have the good grace to follow his ally the pea-bug to nothingness or 
 the north pole, or wherever else is situated the limbo of departed insect pests, yet the 
 signs of his departure are sufficiently numerous to encourage the farmer to further trials 
 of a crop which, barring the presence of this pest, would be, in many parts of the 
 province, a very valuable one. In the next place, according to the testimony of many 
 correspondents of the Bureau, in those counties in which the raising of clover for seed is 
 still persisted in, the midge may be pretty successfully eluded even if he cannot be driven 
 ofif the field. Over and over again is it stated in these returns that when the clover is 
 pastured until the first week or two in June the midge is defeated and one good crop of 
 clover teed secured. This system appears to have been largely followed in the western 
 part of the province this year, and almost invariably with satisfactory results. In addition, 
 to the midge the dry weather is in a good many localities assigned as a cause of failure 
 this year, and in others the seed was spoiled by wet weather in harvesting. Frost in 
 Decen)ber and January heaved out the clover in some parts of the county of Lincoln, 
 though in other parts of that county it is reported a better yield than for the two preceding 
 years. Alsike . clover seems to be increasing in favor, and has done much better than 
 the common red variety. 
 
 John Wamook, Tilbury West, Essex : Clover is a failure here on account of the dry weather after 
 haying. 
 
 John Buckland, Gosfield, Essex : Some good crops, but on the whole will be short ; injured by the 
 midge. 
 
 Geo. Green, Chatham, Kent : Condition of clover crop good, and nearly all the midge have taken their 
 leave. No injury by frost. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : Clover pastured to about June (not cut for hay) will most likely 
 be a good crop of seed ; not damaged by frost. 
 
 Bugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Alsike good, red very little kept for seed ; midge has taken from 
 7S to 80 per cent. This is raising seed on shares. 
 
 Chas. Chute, Malahide, Elgin : Fields which were out early are an excellent crop. The first crop in 
 most cases was well seeded, and some farmers saved it for seed. We find early cutting better than pasturing, 
 when cut between the 5th and 10th of June. 
 
 Robt. Watson, Winrtham, Norfolk: On fields that were pastured to the first or middle of June the 
 clover is very good ; the fields that were cut about the last of June or first of July about half a crop ; badly 
 damaged by the midge. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, Charlotteville, Norfolk : Grasshoppers destroyed the young clover last year, so there it 
 very little clover seed grown in this vicinity this year. 
 
ID 
 
 Arthur Simenton, Seneca, Haldimand : Midge not bo bad ae laet year, but there is an insect in the root 
 which is doing great damage. 
 
 John H. Houser, Canbnrough, Haldimand : All kinds good ; not damaged by fro3>: or midge. Some 
 farmers are threshingat the time of writing this report, and it is yielding large reiums and of good quality. 
 The little red clover is doing the best. i 
 
 V. Honsberger, S. Cayuga, Haldimand : Very large yield of red cliver straw for seed ; no damage by 
 frost. Second crop for seed greatly injured by midge. Pastured fields that were turned off from about 
 June 5th to 15th produced alarge crop of splendid seed. Alsike yields well ; no midge. 
 
 L. Buckton, Crowland, Welland : Sume have threshed and they report that where the fields were pas- 
 tured or cut before the 10th June the crop is good ; later clover considerably damaged by midge. The midge 
 in reported as cutting the clover in the mows. 
 
 Jas. McClive, Bertie, Welland : Clover very poor and unsatisfactory. The small red "as badly hurt 
 by midge, and in consequence most farmers in Bertie sowed Alsike last spring for the first time. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : The dry weather has injured the clover crop, so that seed clover will be 
 (Warce. 
 
 Wm. Wight/ Bosanquet, Lambton : Clover that was pastured, good ; it seems to be the only way to get 
 leed now. No frost ; midge destroyed two-thirds of the late crop. 
 
 Jas. Thomson, Warwick, Lambton : The clover crop for seed is poor ; nearly all eaten up by the fly 
 /ifh the exception of what was pastured until June and then let go to seed. 
 
 Wm. Young, Plympton, Lambton : Clover seed a failure ; midge has ruined it. 
 
 Thos. Strachan, Grey, Huron : Very little grown for seed. It was not damaged by frost or midge this 
 year, but owing to dry weather the after crop did not do well. 
 
 Henry Doupe, Usborne, Huron : There is no clover crop for seed in this p.irt of the country ; the 
 Heoond crop is either fed off or out for winter feed. The midge is the cause of it. 
 
 Wm. Smellie, Amabel, Bruce : No second crop of red clover is grown for seed. The Alsike clover is a 
 good crop of seed^-first crop cut. 
 
 Walter H.irtman, St. Vincent and Collingwood, Grey : Very little here this year ; not injured nearly 
 »8 much as it has been for some years by the midge. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Sini"oe : Any clover seed grown here is pastured till the middle of June and 
 saved between the two breeds of the midge. Seed is good but smaller in the kernel than usual. 
 
 0. Cooke, Teeumseth, Simcoe : Clover crop for seed not more then halt an average crop ; mostly 
 injured by winter frost. 
 
 A. H. Seoord, N. Dorchester, Middlesex : Only one field of seed in this vicinity, which was pastured 
 until June 10th, and it is good. I think there is 75 per cent, less midge than la>t year. 
 
 R. A. Brown, W. Nissouri, Middlesex : Midge took all except where pasturage has been adopted. 
 
 James G. Pettit, E. Oxford, Oxford : Clover was a light crop on account of the dry, hot weather dur- 
 ing and for some time after the first crop was taken off, but is fairly well filled, and quit e free of midge. 
 
 Thos. Lunn, Oakland, Brant ; Clover pastured up to June the lOtb and then saved for seed is reported 
 very fuU of seed and injured but slightly by midge. vVhat was cut later for hay and then saved for seed 
 has been less damaged by midge than formerly, still it cannot Loropare with that cut in June. 
 
 John Campbell, B'anshard, Perth : Where clover was pastured until about the middle of June it turned 
 out a fair crop. Where first crop was out it is a fa lure. The midge and frost ruined it ; and in many 
 oases the cattle were turned in upon it at the last moment. 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Better than for some years. Those who c^t early for hay 
 and allowed the second crop to seed expect nearly an average of good seed. Midge not nearly so plenty as 
 formerly. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : Second growth of clover i? all pastured in this locality, j Farmers 
 i.hink it better to do so and buy their seed. 
 
 Robt. Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : None at all in this locality. The drought in summer left none for 
 frost or midge to damage. 
 
 James StuU, Grantham, Lincoln : Very little clover seed raised in this vicinity. The midge was not 
 as bad as former years. The frost damaged the clover very much last December and the first week in 
 •January. 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Clover crop was scant, consequently seed crop scarce. Frost killed 
 old clover snd and the new as well, except where well theltered by long stubble or woods. The midge 
 apparently on the decrease. 
 
 W. G. Fletcher, Binbrook, Wentworth : Alsike good ; very little red clover ; the latter was damaged by 
 midge. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The clover crop was rank, and blossomed better than for the 
 last couple of years, but on examination it was found that there was scarcely any seed on account of damage 
 done by the midge. 
 
 Peter McLeod, Chinguaoousy, Peel : In my last report I mentioned that there was little or no red 
 clover grown for seed. I was not aware of it at the time, but there are several fields in the neighborhood. 
 There was no injury done by midge, but some was damaged by wet weather after being cut on account of it 
 sprouting. The clover crop was in general light. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguaeousy, Peel : The midge has utterly ruined the clover crop for seed. , 
 
17 
 
 D. B. Nighswander, Markham, York : Not very good except Alaike, wliich is very good ; badly hurt by 
 midge, especially red clover. 
 
 N. A. Malloy, Vaughan, York : Where pastured till middle of June, a good crop ; where not cut till 
 , July, poor. Some damage by midge, but less than last year. 
 
 J. D. Evans, Etobiooke, York : I don't know o£ a single field of clover seed. Farmers have ceased 
 trying to grow it on account of the midge. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brook, Ontario: Alsike clover seed will be an average crop ; red clover seed better 
 than it has been tor some years ; very little injury done by midge, except very late pieces. 
 
 Alex. McGregor, Keach, Ontario : Clover that was pastured till the second week in .Tune is well seeded. 
 Any that was mown has very little seed — so much cold, wet weather in September that it did not ripen. 
 Alsike promises a good fair crop. 
 
 Robt. Hodge, sr., Clark, Durham : Clover not by any means good. The dry weather injured it and it 
 did not seem to ripen even ; then when cut the weather being very wet a lot of it grew next the ground. 
 
 Wm. J. Grandy, Manvers, Durham : Clover crop was splendid this season, but it was considerably 
 damaged in harvesting by rain and warm weather, causing it to sprout. No damage by frost, and very little 
 by the midge. 
 
 W. J. Westington, Hamilton, Northumberland : Alsike clover good ; about 50 per cent, of the clover 
 crop injured by midge. 
 
 Walter Riddell, Hamilton, Northumberland : The clover seed crop was rather better than last yearjobs' 
 was seriously damaged by wet warm weather in the last half of September, when much of it was lying cut ; 
 it grew badly. No damage by frost ; a good deal by midge. 
 
 B. C. Lloyd, Camden, Addingtoi : Very good where first crop was harvested from 10th to 20th June ; 
 if later, mostly taken by midge. 
 
 G. R. Allison, S. Eredericksburgh, Lennox ; Seed clover was the best and likely to yield better per 
 acre than for years, though the later crop was hurt by fly. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburgh, Frontenac : Clover second crop of no account for seed. The long spell of dry 
 weather after harvest prevented any considerable growth. 
 
 Wm. Ramsay, Mariposa, Victoria : Not much red clover seed around here ; Alsike clover is a fair crop. 
 No damage by frost or midge that I know of. 
 
 John Westlake, Eldon, Victoria : The clover crop is the finest it has been for years. 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterboro' : The seed clover crop will be a fair average one, as it bloomed 
 and ripened well. There was no sign of midge. There is none threshed yet. 
 
 James S. Cairnduff, Harvey, Peterboro' : Very few save the clover seed in this township— only a few 
 fields cut for seed. It is not yet threshed out. I observed that the midge had been at work, but not so 
 much as in 1885. 
 
 J. R. Ketcheson, Madoc, Hastings : Good when pastured to Hist of June ; damaged very largely by the 
 ■ midge when cut and left for seed. 
 
 THE NEW CROP OF FALL WHEAT. 
 
 There is an increase, though not a very substantial one, in the acreage sown with fall 
 wheat this season. The extensive winter killing of the last crop, the drought of the 
 summer and the low prices current this year have deterred a good many farmers from 
 sowing as much as usual ; but, on the other hand, the bad failure of spring wheat in 
 many places led others to try a greater breadth of the winter grain, the more so that the 
 season was extremely favorable for the necessary operations. Even in those counties 
 where the last crop was most unsuccessful there is a larger acreage sown this fall, and 
 very few counties come short of the usual breadth. In the eastern Lake Ontario and 
 western St. Lawrence counties the percentage of increase appears to be considerable, 
 caused by the satisfactory results of the last harvest, but the whole area devoted to fall 
 wrheat in that section is not large. There is great unanimity in the reports concerning 
 the favorable condition of the ground at seeding time. In a few cases summer-fallows 
 were found to be hard and dry for seeding in August, and a number of correspondents in 
 the Lake Erie counties speak of delay caused by the September rains ; but it may be said 
 that on the whole the condition of both fallow and stubble ground for the reception of the 
 seed has seldom been as good as this year. The conditions have been equally favorable 
 for germination and growth. In some instances where the wheat was sown in August, 
 the plants were slow in starting on account of the drought, but the abundant rains and 
 high temperature of September and October enabled them to make up lost time. With 
 very few exceptions the correspondents report that the grain has maHe remarkable 
 progress and is in fine condition to withstand the hardships of winter. Some, iAdeed, are 
 
 ° 2 (N; E.) 
 
IS 
 
 apprehensive lest it should prove too rank and luxuriant to encounter a season of heavy 
 snow ; but none regard it as at all lacking in vitality. There is less diflference in this 
 respect between fallow and stubble fields than is usual. The ravages of insect pests have- 
 not been generally serious. Scattering reports from most of the western counties speak 
 of injury by the Hessian fly and the wire- worm, the former chiefly on poor ground and 
 the latter on freshly broken sod. A good many also complain of damage caused by the 
 white grub (caterpillar), which seems to have been this year much more destructive than 
 formerly. Elgin, Middlesex and Oxford are the only counties in which the injury from 
 these pests was serious. In the last named county some few fields were ploughed up on 
 account of their ravages. The damage, however, will not be very extensive in the 
 aggregate. From the head of Lake Ontario eastward these insect pests are so few as to be 
 practically unknown. 
 
 John Warnook, Tilbury West, Essex : Not so much wheat sown as last year, on account of low prices. 
 The ground was in good order for the seed, and it looks well— better than in a number years. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : About the same acreage. In fine condition, strong and thrifty. 
 Hessian fly and wire-worm are working in some places. 
 
 Francis GifFord, Camden, Kent : Less fall wheat, but put in in a great deal better shape. I never «aw 
 it better. Generally good ; affected slightly by wire-worm. 
 
 L. M. Brown, South Dorchester, Elgin : About the same quantity of fall wheat. The ground was io 
 excellent condition, and the wheat is generally splendid. Early sown is injured a little by grub or wire- 
 worm — cut off an inch below the surface. 
 
 George Russell, Yarmouth, Elgin : Not near as much sown this fall. Cannot raise it for the present 
 price. The ground was splendid, and the wheat looks healthy — what is left. Some fields are entirely 
 eaten up by Sie fly and the white grub. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk ; Not near so rmish fall wheat sown this season as last. The 
 ground was in good condition at seeding time. The crop looks well except where the Hessian fly is working, 
 and it is very bad on some pieces. 
 
 Robt. Watson,' Windham, Norfolk : About the same acreage as last year. At the commencement the 
 ground was very good, about the l5th a heavy rain came which made seeding late on heavy land. The 
 grain is healthy. In some fields it is cut off about one inch below the top of the ground, and in others cut 
 off by the white grub. 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : There were more acres of fall wheat sown this fall than last. 
 The condition of the ground was good. The present appearances are good — in fact they could not be better. 
 No appearance of Hessian fly. 
 
 V. Honsberger, South Cayuga, Haldimand : The acreage of fall wheat is about the same as last year. 
 The ground was somewhat rough, but otherwise good. The wheat is generally good. In some fields sUght 
 injury has been done by wire-worm. 
 
 John A. Law, Stamford, WeUand : The acreage of fall wheat sown this fall is much larger than last 
 fall. The ground at seeding time -^as dry and later than usual, but the present appearance of the crop is 
 excellentT No fly or insect. 
 
 Jno. R. Smith, Plympton, Lambton : A large acreage of fall wheat has been sown. The ground was 
 in excellent order for seeding. The present appearance of the growing crop indicates an abundant harvest. 
 Never did the plant look so favorable and healthy at this season of the year. At present (October 22) the 
 thermometer registers 75 deg. 
 
 Joseph Osborne, Plympton, Lambton : There is scarcely as large an acreage as formerly. The wire- 
 worm is at work on many fields. 
 
 Jno. Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : There is an increased acreage sown with fall wheat. The present 
 appearance is excellent. In some fields the grub has done considerable damage, but there are no reports of 
 any by the Hessian fly. 
 
 George Fortune, Turnberry, Huron : About the same extent of fall wheat as last year. The ground 
 was in uncommonly fine condition at seeding time. Fall wheat is looking very well, if anything getting too 
 much top if we get much snow. No appearance of injury from insects. 
 
 M. McDonald, West Wawanosh, Huron : A great deal of the wheat is very yellow in the leaf. I can- 
 not give the cause, as I cannot find Hessiaij fly or any other insect. 
 
 Thomas Straohan, Grey, Huron : I think there is fully more this season than last. I never saw the 
 crop look better than this fall. I have seen no injury to the fields this fall except one field, sown too early 
 I think. The leaf looked yellow and did not look near as well as what was sown later. 
 
 Lewis Lamb, Greenock, Bruce r'iiThere is about the same acreage of fall wheat as last year. The ground 
 was in good order at time of sowing. The crop has a very favorable appearance at present, except iu some 
 early-sown fields, where the wire-worm is doing considerable damage. 
 
 Wm, Welsh, Huron, Bruce : Perhaps a tenth less of fall wheat than last year. All on rich land sown 
 before September will be too far advanced. No injury by insects. 
 
 Kober^ B. Fleming, Saugeen, Bruce : About the same acreage as last year. The wheat looks well, and 
 many fields, to my notion, are too far advauoad, but that will depend on the winter. 
 
19 
 
 Malcolm Cameron, Bentinek, Grey : I think the acreage of fall wheat sown is somewhat increased over 
 last year. The ground was in excellent condition for seeding. Wheat sown between the let and 16th has a 
 fine appearance. No enemy so far to contend with. 
 
 John Morice, Normanby, Grey : The acreage of fall wheat sown in this locality is about as large as thii 
 year's crop. The ground was in good working condition at seeding time, and the crop has a fine healthy 
 appearance at present. I hear some odd complaints of the Hessian fly, but have not seen any of its doings 
 
 0. Julyan, jr., Sarawak, Grey : Rather a larger acreage than last year. There are some complaints of 
 Hessian fly— its first appearance in this section — but not much apparent damage. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : I should think about fifty per cent, more than last year. Most of it 
 was sown early— before September 15th, and some of it in August. Much of it was sown on ground well 
 prepared, and presents at the present time a very good ajjpearance. Our farmers are beginning to under- 
 stand fall wheat culture, and no doubt will succeed better in future. I have seen or heard nothing of the 
 Hessian fly. 
 
 Thomas MeCabe, Adjala, Simcoe : The acreage of fall wheat sown is not so large as for this year's crop. 
 The condition of the ground was rather dry at seeding time and up to the 22nd September, but after there 
 was a very good growth. The present appearance of the wheat plant is very healthy. No signs of any 
 enemy. 
 
 Chas. Cross, Innisfil, Simcoe : About the same quantity sown as last year, but fully 50 per cent, of last 
 year's was ploughed up. Wheat sown before the 10th Septembei? looks well, but some sown in August and 
 by 1st September is turning yellow in spots. I suspect the Hessian fly. 
 
 J. M. Kaiser, Delaware, Middlesex : The condition of the ground being good, a larger quantity of land 
 was sown to fall wheat than last year. Most of the fields look well. The Hessian fly appears to be at 
 work, however,, to some extent. The wire-worm has also injured some fields considerably. 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : There is a much larger acreage of fall wheat than last year. The 
 ground was splendid in summer-fallows and land early gang-ploughed. _ The wheat was never better. It 
 has quite enough top— rather too much in some fields. Considerable injury has been done on sod by the 
 grub. A number of fields have been or will have to be ploughed up. 
 
 Wm. Black, Westminster, Middlesex : Owing to lowness of price the acreage this year is far below 
 last, but the ground was in far better condition this year, consequently the growth is luxuriant, though in 
 some parts the wire-worm has badly thinned some fields, while some few had to be re-sown. Summer-f^lows 
 have escaped the pest. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Ekfrid, Middlesex : The quantity of wheat sown this fall is nearly the same as last 
 year. The giound was in good condition at seeding time — perhaps a little too dry, but showers after seeding 
 brought up the young plants, and now it has a very healthy appearance and is only slightly injured by 
 wire-worm. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : About the same amount sown as last year, arid the ground 
 was in altogether better order. It was sown earlier — I think rather too early in many cases, as it has too 
 much top, and some is being eaten down with calves and sheep. The white grub and wire worm have done a 
 great amount of damage, thinning out the plants and greatly injuring inverted sod. 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : I think there wiU be an increase in the acreage from the fact of the 
 spring wheat (k)ing so badly. Some fields look beautiful, others very poor indeed. There is something that 
 is domg considerable damage to the fall wheat, killing it clean out. Some call it the wire-worm and some 
 grub worm ; others call it the Hessian fly. It may be one, or it may be them all combined. This I do 
 know, that there are very few fields that are entirely free from their ravages. 
 
 D. W. McKay, East Zorra, Oxford : There is a good deal more sown. The ground was dry but clean. 
 There never was a better appearance ; in many places farmers are grazing with calves and sheep to keep 
 it down. In sod that was broken up last spring the grub is doing some injury, but not to any extent. 
 
 James G. Pettit, East Oxford, Oxford : Some fields are excellent, some are bad, and a few have been 
 ploughed up. Hessian fiy, wire-worm and grubs seem to have combined for the destruction of a good share 
 of the wheat crop. 
 
 Thomas Lunn, Oakland, Brant : The acreage oi fall wheat sown is slightly above that of last year. The 
 ground the first part of September, particularly stubble ground, was very dry for sowing, but heavy showers 
 about the middle of the month put it in fine condition, and the crop at this date has a fine appearance. No 
 Hessian fiy or other insects. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantford, Brant : About 70 per cent, of last year's. I may be too high, for a good 
 many farmers only sowed about half their usual quantity on account of low price (70o. per bushel) and risk 
 of winter. The ground was in good condition and wheat was put in in good order, made rapid growth, and 
 at present is loolang nearly too well. I am afraid some is too high. No damage done by insects so far as I 
 know. 
 
 D. McLean, Ellice, Perth : About the same acreage of fall wheat was sown again. The ground was in 
 fine ord'er to receive the seed, and the appearance was very fine until lately ; it is getting bro-yvn and spotted 
 with the Hessian fly and the worm. 
 
 Robt. Beatty, Blanshard, Perth : There is a larger acreage than was sown last year : I would say about 
 10 per cent. The ground was in good condition. The appearance of the crop is magnificent. I never saw 
 a finer appearance. No injury from insects. 
 
 John Hodgson, Hibbert, Perth : Every person has sown all he could, as spring wheat has done so badly. 
 The ground was good at seeding. The wheat is almost too good. 'I here are a f'^w fields that are suffering 
 with Wire-worm. , 
 
2L) 
 
 Thomas Page, Wallace, Perth : There is about the usual acreage of fall wheat. The present appearance 
 is eood, as it is strong on the land and covers it well. I think it was put in earlier than usual, and the 
 faUows are better prepared. There are no symptoms of it getting too rank as yet. The Hessian fly is not 
 known here, and the midge has not been seen for some years. 
 
 Charles Masson, Eramosa, Wellington : The acreage is fully more than it was last year. As a genera 
 rule the ground was in a good state of cultivation and well manured, and consequently the braird looks well, 
 is thick and close, and to all appearance should stand the winter well. 
 
 H. McDougall, Guelph, Wellington : There is a larger acreage of fall wheat this year than last. The 
 ground at seeding time was first-class. Plants look strong and healthy. No injury from insects of any 
 kina. 
 
 Edward Halter, Waterloo, Waterloo ; There is about the same acreage sown with fall wheat, but I 
 notice that some people did not sow all their summer-fallows, and hear them saying that fall wheat does 
 not pay as well as oats or barley-vthe price is too low. The fall wheat is stronger than I ever saw it before. 
 The fields sown in August or the beginning of September are rather too strong. The wheat is growing yet, 
 and with a heavy mass of snow it will be damaged or totally killed. There are some yellow spots, indicating 
 presence of Hessian fly. 
 
 John Snyder, Wilmot, Waterloo : There is fully as much fall wheat sown as last year. The weather 
 was favorable for sowing fall wheat and the ground was in good order. Fall wheat looks good. There are 
 some fields turning yellow, from what cause I could not tell. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : I think there is a full average quantity of f aJl wheat sown 
 in North Dumfries. The condition of the ground was good at seeding, and present appearances are good for 
 standing the winter, as it has a splendid growth. Have heard or seen no complaints of any insect. 
 
 Robt. Griw, Mulmur, Dufierin : About the same acreage. The wheat looks healthy ; a little thin on 
 the ground. Don't hear of any injury by insects. 
 
 Robt. Dickson, East Luther, Dufiferin : There is a much larger acreage of fall wheat this year. The 
 crop looks well. 
 
 John H. Lindebury, Clinton, Lincoln : There is more fall wheat sown than usual. The condition of 
 the ground at seeding was very good, and the present appearance of fall wheat was never bettfer. It 
 has been hurt by nothing so far. 
 
 Robt. Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : There is, perhaps, hardly as much fall wheat, but it will not vary a great 
 'leal. Ground was dry on the start and rather wet at the finish, which made some delay. The wheat is 
 looking remarkably well, without exception. 
 
 George Hart, Saltfleet, Wentworth : There is more wheat sown than last fall. The ground was ready 
 to sow by the fifth of September, and was in good condition. The later wheat was got in very wet, but the 
 warm growthy weather has brought it well along. 
 
 John Weylie, Glanford, Wentworth : The average is fully equal to last year. The land was in splendid 
 condition at the time of seeding. The people have more time to attend it, now that we have binders. I do 
 not recollect ever seeing wheat look so well. No injury has been done by fly or insect. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The acreage of fall wheat is at least 20 per cent, less than last 
 year. The ground was excellent, being just moist enough to make the seed sprout quickly. The top is very 
 heavy and of a fine, healthy appearance. Very little damage by insects, and only on sharp, gravelly knolls. 
 
 W. C. Ingelhart, Trafalgar, Halton : There is about one-fourth more fall wheat sown this fall than last. 
 The ground was in good condition at the time of seeding. The crop'at present has a fine appearance, the 
 plant having made a vigorous growth. No injury by insects. 
 
 John Sinclair, Chinguacousy, Peel : A large acreage of fall wheat has been sown this fall. The land 
 was in a fine state of tilth at seeding time. The plants have made excellent progress, having escaped any 
 injury from insects, and I never saw the prospects more favorable for an excellent harvest. 
 
 Peter MoLeod, Chinguacousy, Peel : The acreage of fall wheat sown this year is rather more extensive 
 than last year, on account of a very favorable season for putting stubble and pea land in fall wheat. The 
 condition of the ground was all that could be desired. The present appearance is very promising. Some 
 fields that have been fallowed from old sod are receiving considerable injury from wire worm. Not a few 
 farmers are adopting the method of taking a crop of hay off before they fallow the ground. 
 
 James H. Newlove, Albion, Peel : The fall wheat acreage is about equal to last year's. The grain is 
 looking exceedingly well on fallow ground, but rather backward and thin where sown on'pea or barley stubble. 
 
 D. James, Markham, York : On account of the large area ploughed this last spring, I would say there 
 was six times as much acreage sown this year as harvested. The crop looks much better than last year. 
 
 J. Bartholomew, Whitchurch, York : Scarcely as much sown as last year. The ground was in 
 good condition at seeding. The wheat is very much stronger and healthier than last year at this date, 
 being well stooled out. 
 
 B. Lanigan, Mara, Ontario ; More fall wheat sown this year than last. The ground was in splendid 
 condition. The crop is looking very well at present. ' ' 
 
 Joseph Picket, Uxbridge, Ontario : There is somewhat less fall wheat sown this year in this section than 
 last year. The ground was in good condition for seeding and the crop is looking well. No injury seems to 
 be done by any insect. The wheat is looking fresh and beautiful. 
 
 R. Forsyth, Pickering, Ontario : There is less fall wheat sown— almost one-third less acreage. The 
 oundition of soil was good — not too wet, but was more suitable than the weather has been for promoting 
 growth. The present appearance is backward. No Hessian fly or other pests. 
 
 James McLean, Oavan, Durham : There is about double the acreage of fall wheal sown. The ground was. 
 in excellent order. The appearance is very promising. No injury done by the Hessian fly or other insect. 
 
21 
 
 H. A. Walker, Hope, Durham : There is double the amount of fall wheat sowed that there was last 
 year. The ground was dry at the time of seeding, but at present the crop looks well. No insect has yet 
 troubled it. 
 
 John Toott, Hope, Durham : The acreage of fall wheat sown is much the same as last year. The land 
 was very dry at seeding time, but rain came on soon after and gave it a good start. The dark, cloudy 
 weather has not been favorable for the growth of the plant. No injury by Hessian fly or other insect. 
 
 George Sanderson, Cramahe, Northumberland : There is little more fall wheat sown than last year. 
 Some of the land was too dry at seeding time, but after the rain came it grew very fast and looks well at 
 present. No fly or insect here. 
 
 M. Morden, Brighton, Northumberland : A large increase, probably 40 per cent, over last year. For 
 early seeding the ground was dry, but early in October copious rains, followed by fine warm weather, helped 
 the grain, which has made a fine growth since seeding. 
 
 George N. Rose, North Marysburgh,~ Prince Edward : I should judge about 50 per cent, more was 
 sown this fall than last. The ground was dry and lumpy. The rains came on about and after seeding time, and 
 Tery little frost, so wheat has a good top and looks well. 
 
 C. R. Allison, S. Fredericksburgh, Lennox and Addington : A larger breadth of fall wheat has been 
 sown this fall than last. The ground was in good condition and the crop looks well ; no appearance of being 
 injured by fly. 
 
 Joshua Knight, Storrington, Frontenac : I think there is more fall wheat sown this fall. The ground 
 was in splendid condition, and the present appearance is good — never better. No insect ; the Hessian fly is 
 not known here. 
 
 John 0. Stafford, Rear of Leeds and Lansdowne, Leeds : Acreage about the same as last year. The 
 ground never was in better condition for seeding. The wheat presents a splendid appearance. So far the 
 weather has been favorable. No Hessian fly in this locality. 
 
 G. C. Tracy, Williamsburg, Dundas : There is double the extent of fall wheat this year. The ground 
 was good but dry. The wheat is excellent. The Hessian fly is unknown by name. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : There is about the usual acreage sown. The wheat in general 
 is in good order. No damage was done by the Hessian fly or other insect. 
 
 Lawrence DowdaU, Drummond, Lanark : There has been a great quantity of fall wheat sown this fall, 
 and it looks very well at present, as we have had a fine growing fall, with frequent rains. 
 
 John Fell, sr., SomervUle, Victoria : There was about the same acreage of fall wheat sown as last year. 
 The crop is in good condition in every way. 
 
 Nelson Heaslip, Bexley, Victoria : There is a slightly increased acreage of fall wheat. 
 
 Wm. Ramsay, Mariposa, Victoria : Fall wheat acreage about the same as last year. The ground was 
 a little too dry at seeding, but the crop looks well at present. 
 
 M. Mclntyre, North Monaghan, Peterborough : There is a large acreage of fall wheat sown as com- 
 pared with this jrear's crop, pease and barley stubble being ploughed after harvest and sown in fall wheat. 
 The ground was in good condition when sowed, and the crop looks well at present. 
 
 Thos. Tellford, Ennismore, Peterborough : A slight increase of acreage over last year. The ground 
 was in fine condition, and the wheat is fine. We believe a large amount is getting too rank but don't 
 believe in grazing it with pigs or calves. It leaves the roots too much exposed. 
 
 Charles R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : More fall wheat sown than usual, but still only a little. The 
 ground was in good condition at seeding time. What little is sown looks first-rate. No insect pests. 
 
 Anson Latta, Thurlow, Hastings : I think the statistical returns will be large this year. Early seeding 
 was rather hard and dry ; later very nice with plenty of rain. I never saw a better prospect ; plenty of 
 growth and good color. No injury by fly or insect of any kind. 
 
 FRUIT AND FRUIT TREES. 
 
 Eeports from all parts of the province indicate that nearly everywhere the promiso 
 of an almost unprecedented yield of fruit held out by the profusion of blossoms in the 
 spring has been disappointed, yet that the crop has been fairly large compared with the 
 average of recent years, and that after the needs of the province have been supplied the) e 
 will remain a good surplus of apples for exportation to other provinces and to Britain. 
 The failure to realize the expectations of the spring has not been fully accounted foi'. 
 Probably the chief cause of failure was the frost, which in the middle of May, after a 
 protracted period of warmth, affected the orchards, which were then in bloom over the 
 greater part of the province. Where the frost was very light or not felt at all, the heavy 
 rains in some localities about the same time may have had an unfavorable influence. 
 Drought is also said by many correspondents to have been injurious in the western and 
 south-western counties, affecting not only the quantity of fruit but its growth likewise. 
 In north-eastern Ontario, the rainfall was abundant, and no complaints come from there 
 or from central Ontario of injury through dry weather. 
 
22 
 
 Every year the injury done by insects is more or less serious, and generally it is very 
 unequally distributed geographically. This year is no exception. There is but little 
 injury by any insect pest reported from the East Midland counties or from anywhere east 
 of the bay of Quinte. Westward in many counties the harm done has been so slight as 
 10 be mentioned by but few, while some growers, even in the counties most aflfected, report 
 remarkable immunity from loss through this cause. Apparently, in the Lake Huron 
 counties insects have done the most harm. The codling moth is especially mentioned by 
 several growers in Bruce, Huron and Lambton. In all these counties, and in Essex, 
 Grey and Simcoe, as well as occasionally elsewhere, the borer appears to have been at 
 work extensively. In addition to the counties named, the counties of Kent, Wellington, 
 Lincoln and Northumberland appear to have suffered from insect pests in not a few 
 localities, while Halton seems to have been singularly free from injury. 
 
 A sort of blight affecting the apple tree has been very common, few counties appear- 
 ing to be exempt from it. Some complaints come from Prescott and other eastern 
 counties, but they are more ; numerous from Prince Edward, Peterboro', Victoria, 
 Northumberland, Wentworth, Wellington, Waterloo, Kent, Essex, and the counties along 
 Lake Huron and the Georgian Bay. Young orchards are occasionally reported as suffering 
 slightly, but old orchards in many localities have seriously felt the blight, a large propor- 
 tion of the trees perishing. A correspondent in Lambton states that in his neighborhood 
 a drive in any direction shows thousands of trees dying or dead. The cause has not 
 been satisfactorily explained. In the colder and . more northern districts the loss is 
 ascribed by several to the intense cold of recent winters ; others think that the lack of 
 drainage has had something to do with the injury. There is, of course, a certain amount 
 of annual loss to be looked for as the natural result of lost vitality through age, and this 
 might explain much of the decay and death of trees in localities where the orchards were 
 planted at about the same time. But the magnitude of the loss precludes the hypothesis 
 that this, even in the case of very old orchards, has been the chief cause of trouble. It 
 is not unlikely that the real explanation is to be found in the unusual weather of the past 
 six years, and especially the long period of drought, the most intense portion of which 
 was the hot dry summer and autumn of 1881. Drought, intense frosts, and unseasonable 
 mildness, at times starting the sap, only to be frozen by a sudden fall of temperature, have 
 subjected fruit trees to a rax-e and prolonged test of vitality, to which it is not surprising 
 that a great many should succumb, especially where old age, or lack of drainage or 
 care, or occasional unfavorable meteorological influences whidh otherwise would do little 
 harm, have added the last strain to a vitality already burdened as much as it could bear. As 
 such combinations of unfavorable weather are rare in our climate, there is every reason to 
 hope for a long period of prosperity for the orchards, especially wliere a realization of the. 
 importance of fruit growing to Ontario farmers leads to care being given to the culture 
 of the orchard. The same influences which have affected the apple, have had even greater 
 effect on the less hardy peach and pear, and on other fruit trees, rendering them a more 
 ready prey to fungous growths and the ordinary trials of fruit trees. 
 
 Pear blight still continues its ravages, though there is no reason to think that these 
 have been any greater than in several recent years. 
 
 Black knot had before the present year destroyed most of the plum and cherry 
 trees over large sections of the province, and during the past season has continued its 
 destructive work, though probably with diminished effect. It appears doubtful whether 
 the disease will disappear till affected trees are rooted up or destroyed, and after a lapse 
 of time new plantations are set out. 
 
 Ourculio is mentioned by but few correspondents. It probably is not nearly so 
 common as some years ago, but it also has been dwarfed in the attention of plum growers 
 'by the greater evil of black knot. 
 
 Next in importance to the May frost as a factor in diminishing this season's fruit 
 crop is the great storm which, after ravaging with hurricane force the States south-west- 
 ward to Texas, swept over Ontario on the 14th and 15th of October. The injury done 
 by this storm was exceptionally severe on the eastern side of Lake Huron and on the 
 northern shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, and felt only in slightly less degree in the 
 West Midland and Georgian Bay counties. In all these districts, but especially in the 
 
23 
 
 lake counties, there was much damage done to orchards by the uprooting of trees and 
 the breakage of branches, while all orchards lost a large portion of their fruit, and in 
 some instances all that was on the trees when the storm came. The fruit thus -blown off 
 is generally much damaged and a large portion of it is being used to make cider. Even 
 in the newer townships of the East Midland and St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties, 
 where the forest protects many of the orchards, the storm caused considerable loss of 
 fruit. 
 
 It is satisfactory to find, despite the unfavorable influences affecting the orchards, 
 that many growers report no injury from any thing excepting the storm, and that the 
 great majority describe the general condition of fruit trees as healthy and flourishing. 
 A large amount of healthy young wood has been formed and at the date of the reports 
 it was ripening well. 
 
 Strawberries and berries of nearly every species have borne abundantly, and the 
 iusual centres of berry cultivation have had a large surplus for the city and town 
 markets. 
 
 Crab' apples in Muskoka and elsewhere have been plentiful. Cherries and plums, 
 wherever the trees have survived the black knot, have been a heavy crop ; and many 
 localities in the Lake Huron and other western counties as well as some in eastern 
 Ontario, report a good surplus of plums. 
 
 The grape has sustained its reputation as being one of the surest, hardiest and most 
 iprofitable of Ontario's fruits. This year it has been remarkably free from mildew, rot, 
 or injury of any nature. The varieties adapted to local climate have ripened well from the 
 Ottawa to the Detroit, and the yield has been very large, with an immense surplus in 
 t;he districts where vine growing is extensively followed. 
 
 The quince has done well, and a surplus is reported from localities in Essex, Norfolk 
 -and the Niagara district. Such pear trees as have survived the blight have borne well, 
 .and a surplus is being shipped from many localities in the Lake Huron and Lake Erie 
 .counties, from the Niagara district, and occasionally from places in Grey, the West 
 Midland and Lake Ontario counties eastward to the Bay of Quinte. In all parts of the 
 province pear trees have been productive and, except such as were injured previous to 
 the present year, look thriving. 
 
 The peach crop is again a failure, many trees having been killed out; apparently by 
 causes similar to those affecting the apple trees, and the freezing of the fruit buds 
 by last winter's exceptional frost. Few peaches have been gathered in any of the 
 Midland counties, and not many in most of the counties along Lake Erie or in the 
 Niagara district. The only localities reporting a surplus are in Essex and Kent, and in 
 the neighborhood of Niagara. Generally in what are the best peach growing districts 
 the crop is much short of local demands. The trees however look thrifty and hopes are 
 -entertained of better results in coming years. 
 
 The apple crop, the most important of the fruits of Ontario, as has already been 
 atated, has been fairly good, taking the province as a whole, but the yield has differed 
 much in different.parts of the country. In general the trees have borne most freely in 
 the western and eastern extremities of the Province, while in the central districts the 
 •crop has been a comparative failure. In a few localities, partly owing to the super- 
 abundance of the crop and partly to the injured (jondition of fruit blown down by the 
 ■October storm, apples are being fed to stock. Generally, over the counties westward of 
 Toronto, there is more or less surplus, as there also is in a few counties along Lake 
 Ontario. In the Lake Huron and Lake Erie counties, thousands of barrels are being 
 shipped to England. Prices are rather low, though profitable ; a common price reported 
 in several localities in the Erie, Huron and West Midland counties being one dollar per 
 barrel, though quotations of apples are given as low as ten cents per bushel The demand 
 lis very good in many counties, while in others sales are slow even at very low prices. In 
 the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the orchard area, except in a few townships, is 
 not sufficiently large at any time to supply the local demand, and this year, as usual, the 
 district will have to make up its deficiency from other counties. In Leeds and GrenVille 
 -the crop is fairly good ; in the other St. Lawrence counties reports are less favorable. In 
 Lanark, Oarleton and Renfrew the orchards have borne well, but, as is always the case 
 
24 
 
 there is no surplus, excepting a small one in a few townships, amongst which are Bagot 
 and McNab, in Eenfrew. The Ottawa counties have had little loss of apples from any 
 cause and the trees are generally in sound condition. In the East Midland counties the 
 crop varies much. In the extreme north of Hastings the few trees grown have apparently 
 done well ; in the southern townships, along the Bay of Quinte, where the apple area is 
 large, there is a small surplus, but the county as a whole has a crop probably a little 
 short of its own requirements. In Peterborough and Victoria the crop differs much in 
 quality, the yield being good in some townships and poor in others. Blight has affected 
 many orchards, and though some localities have a good surplus, these counties as a whole 
 have not sufficient for home consumption. In Haliburton the yield has been encourag- 
 ing to local growers. The wind storm of October generally did little damage, excepting 
 in the southern parts of Peterborough and Victoria. In the Lake Ontario counties the 
 crop is below the average in quality, and in several of the eastern counties of the group, 
 rather inferior in quality. Spottedness is referred to by several correspondents, and, as 
 along the St. Lawrence many apples, especially of the sour varieties, are scabby. Injury 
 by insects has occurred in several localities, but Ontario, York, Peel and Halton have 
 generally suffered least from this cause. Little reference is made in Lincoln to damage 
 by the October storm, but in all the other counties many orchards lost much fruit. There 
 is, however, in each of the counties a surplus of apples, though in Lincoln, .Prince Edward 
 and Ontario there is little more than enough for home consumption. In Northumberland, 
 despite scab, blight, insects, wind and a poor crop, the more easterly townships are ship- 
 ping many apples to England. York did not lose much by insect pests, although the 
 crop is decidedly below an average. But here, as in Peel and Halton, a surplus remains 
 for sale elsewhere. In Prince Edward the trees are healthy, almost the only drawback 
 being the damage done by the storms of October and March. In Lincoln they appear te> 
 -be less promising than in any other county along the lake. In Wentworth, York, 
 •Ontario and Durham the condition is fair, although complaints are made here and there 
 of trees dying out. In some localities in Peel and Halton the trees are not doing well, 
 but generally they are in good condition. 
 
 In all the West Midland counties the apple crof/ has been a fair one, and except in 
 Dufferin, where the orchards are young, there is more or less surplus for market. In 
 these counties the injury from insects has generally been small, but from blight or some 
 other cause, some localities in Waterloo, Wellington, Perth and Oxford are losing many 
 trees. The October wind storm in all these counties has diminished the marketable crop, 
 and large quantities of damaged apples are fit only for cider or for feeding to hogs. In 
 parts of Waterloo cider apples are selling at 10 to 15 cents and winter apples at 25 
 to 38 cents per bag, and in Middlesex at $1 per barrel, a sufficient indication of the 
 plentifulness of fruit. The condition of fruit trees is usually fair and in many places 
 decidedly good, excepting amongst orchards which last year, as well as this, showed 
 evidences of blight. The Lake Erie counties have a large apple crop, especially in Nor- 
 folk and westward, and the condition of the trees, despite injury by insects and damage 
 done by the storms, is good. In Elgin and Norfolk especially the trees are in a flourish- 
 ing condition. In Elgin, Norfolk and Haldimand apples are selling at $1 per barrel, 
 delivered at the railway. The Lake Huron counties, especially Lambton and Huron, 
 have a large crop and thousands of barrels are being shipped from some localities for the 
 English market. Prices unfortunately are not high. In Sombra, in Lambton, ten cents 
 per bushel is the price quoted, and in several places very good apples are selling at brisk 
 demand for |1 per barrel. In many localities in these counties insects, drought and 
 blight have all done considerable damage, and the injury done by the storms has been, 
 general and severe. The trees, however, are in good condition. In the Georgian Bay 
 counties the apple trees have not done nearly so well as along Lakes Huron and Erie.. 
 In Simcoe the yield by healthy trees has generally been good, but the injury done by 
 insects and especially by blight has left the county with scarcely enough fruit for its own 
 requirements. The loss of growers through trees dying has been exceptionally severe. 
 In Grey the yield has been good and there is a small surplus in many localities. Insects, 
 blight and wind have done damage, but trees that have survived the borer and blight are 
 looking healthy. In Parry Sound and Muskoka many trees are dying from winter 
 
25 
 
 injury, thoUgh there are encouraging reports from some correspondents. Duchess of 
 Oldenburg and Tetofsky apples are mentioned as very successful, and these and other 
 varieties that have stood the test of the last few winters are doing well. The supply ot 
 fruit, of course, is very short, except in a very few localities. 
 
 Robert Manery, Mersea, Essex : We have had a very large surplus of apples and peaches. Insect* 
 have not hurt the crop to any great extent. 
 
 Reuben C. Taylor, West Tilbury, Essex : Drought has injured some trees and the wind storm of October 
 14-15 blew some down and split others. The loss by birds is pretty heavy,— probably 10 per cent. There 
 is not enough fruit for home use. 
 
 John Buckland, Gosfield, Essex: Fruit trees are in good condition. The fruit is always more or less 
 injured by the worms. The wind storm has injured fruit trees considerably. There is a large surplus ot 
 fruit. 
 
 George Little, Sandwich East, Essex : There was a very good supply of apples about picking time^ 
 when there came a great storm of wind and blew them all oS the trees. 
 
 A. M. Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex : Fruit trees in good condition. A great loss of fruit occurred 
 through the wind storm of October 14th. There is a surplus of apples, pears, quinces, peaches and grapes. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Fruit trees are good for so dry a season. Cherry and plum trees were 
 overrun by insects, which ate the leaves. The crop was injured about 50 per cent, from some cause. There 
 have been large shipments of apples from here. The Baldwins and Snows are very much spotted. 
 
 Francis Gifford, Camden, Kent : Fruit trees are good but were injured somewhat by the late wind; 
 storm. There is abundance of fruit— in fact it is going to waste. 
 
 W. McKenzie Ross, Harvrich, Kent : No injury from insects. Neither blight nor frost h^ done- 
 harm and we have plenty of fruit and to spare. Apples, cherries, pears and small fruit have all been m 
 superabundance. 
 
 Edmund B. Harrison, Howard, Kent : There has been less than the usual damage by insects, but the 
 storm of the 14th blew all the winter and autumn apples away. Apples unless evaporated or dried will b» 
 very scarce. 
 
 J. G. Stewart, Raleigh, Kent : AU fruit trees are good except the plum, which was injured by black 
 knot. There was a surplus of apples, grapes, peaches and cherries. 
 
 George Russell, Yarmouth, Elgin : A great deal of choice fruit that would have been hand-picked,, 
 was blown off by the storm of October 14th. Apples, in fact all kinds of fruit, have been abundant. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : The wind storm of the 14th blew down a great many old apple trees, 
 and in many places all the apples. Apples are abundant and large quantities are being shipped to, 
 Liverpool. 
 
 George A. Marlatt, Bayham, Elgin : Apples are very plentiful. The best winter apples, picked, are 
 worth SI per barrel delivered at the oars. There has been a surplus of cherries. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwioh, Elgin : Fruit trees are all right. I do not remember a season when le.-n 
 injury was done to fruit or fruit trees by insects, blights, storms or frosts. There is a surplus of apples,. 
 ' pears, cherries, and all kinds of small fruits. Small fruits were a drug on our markets. 
 
 L. M. Brown, South Dorchester, Elgin : Shippers pay $1 per bbl. for winter apples. 
 
 James McKnight, Windham, Norfolk : There has been quite a loss by blight and insects but, wors» 
 than all, by the wind storm of the 14th October. 
 
 Robt Watson, Windham, Norfolk : Fruit trees better this fall than for many years. No loss by 
 insects, blight or frost, but the storm spoUed a great many apples for shipping. There is an abundance ot 
 fruit, and a surplus of apples, quinces, and small fruit. 
 
 Wm W Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Plums and peaches a total failure. The supply of apples, 
 pears and quinces is very large and of the two former large shipments are being made. There has been a 
 surplus also of cherries and small fruits. 
 
 E. M. Crysler, Charlotteville, Norfolk : American Golden Russet, Talman's Sweet and some other hardy 
 varieties are looking well. Baldwins and some others are not. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand : Very little injury here from any cause. Shipment of all. 
 fruits except peaches. There has been a surplus of apples, plums and cherries. 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : Fruit trees, are in good condition. Apples are a very good, 
 crop and more than enough for home consumption. Price $1 per bbl. 
 
 S. Wiso Hornibrook, Dunn, Haldimand : Trees are troubled a good deal with the louse and many have 
 been blown down. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : Condition of fruit trees is favorable. I believe the failure of the 
 apple crop was caused by heavy rains when the trees were in blossom. There has been no want of any fruit 
 except apples and cherries. There is a surplus of pears, grapes, currants and berries. 
 
 Alex. Reid, Crowland, Welland : Peaches suffered to some extent by storms. There is a surplus of 
 apples. 
 
2G 
 
 John R. Smith, Plympton, Lambton : Fruit trees look healthy. Apples are a good crop. They appear 
 to pay the farmer better than grain. They are in good demand at $1 per bbl. 
 
 Chas. Grale, Sombra, Lambton : Apples are plentiful here at ten cents per bushel. Other fruits are 
 scarce. The last gale blew all the apples off the trees. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Apple and pear trees look well everywhere. Plum trees ar^ 
 dying in every direction. I could not drive many miles without being able, without going off the con- 
 <!es3ions and side-lines, to see thousands dead with black knot. No one cares to_ enforce the law. Apples 
 are more scabby than ever. Blight is the cause. The codling larva has been very destructive, and the 
 heavy gale of the 14th did much damage. There is a surplus of apples and pears, and there was of cherries, 
 plums, currants, raspberries, strawberries and gooseberries. 
 
 Wm. Wight, Bosanquet, Lambton : Have a surplus of nearly all fruits ; notably of apples, of which 
 we are shipping thousands of barrels. 
 
 J. Dobie, Bosanquet, Lambton : Fruit trees are in good condition. Considerable fruit has been 
 damaged by insects. Ten thousand barrels of apples have been shipped from this neighborhood. 
 
 R. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : The only injury to my apple crop was from the great storm of the 14th 
 and the codlin moth. Many barrels of apples have been sent north and a few to England. 
 
 Walter Hick, Goderich, Huron : Fruit trees generally look healthy. There was some loss by the 
 ■codlin moth and a great many apples which were not gathered before the storm of the 14th were blown off 
 and badly bruised. There is a large quantity of apples left for export and a good surplus of pears. 
 
 Alex. Drummond, Howick, Huron : Apple trees have made good growth, but the plum is dying out. 
 No injury has been done by insects, but the long, hot, dry weather retarded growth and the apples are 
 smaller than usual. There is a surplus of apples. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : The apple, pear and cherry trees are in a healthy condition. 
 
 M. McDonald, W. Wawanosh, Huron : A blight came on the fall apple trees about June, and much of 
 the fruit and leaves fell off. The winter apple trees stand well. There is less worm in apples this year 
 than for some time. Thousands of barrels of apples are being exported. 
 
 John B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce : Fruit trees are in good condition. No loss of fruit from any 
 cause, and there is plenty of all kinds excepting plums. There is a surplus of apples, but no market and 
 very low prices. 
 
 John Douglas, Arran, Bruce : Fruit trees are in fair condition. Fruit not secured suffered great 
 injury by the wind storm of 14th Oct., blowing all the fruit off the trees. A large surplus of apples, but no 
 demand, and farmers are feeding them to their stock. 
 
 James Johnston, Carrick, Bruce : Trees are in good condition. A very large percentage of the 
 apple crop dropped off during storms, but there is sufficient fruit for local demands. If any surplus it is of 
 apples only. 
 
 John Mackenzie, Sarawak, Grey : Fruit trees are in good condition. The bark louse is injuring trees 
 very much. There is abundance of fruit, and large quantities are being shipped. There is a surplus of 
 plums, apples and pears. 
 
 Malcolm Cameron, Bentinck, Grey : Fruit trees thrive better than for the last two years. No injury 
 from storms, blight or frost, but insects are injuring the apples, luuch of the fruit falling off before maturity. 
 Apples are abundant and selling very cheap. 
 
 Robert Oarruthers, Artemasia, Grey : Condition good, loss very light, but a few trees partly dead last 
 year have given out altogether. Nearly all the common fruits, such as apples and various varieties of plums, 
 yield a surplus. There are not many pears or peaches grown in this section yet. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Some of the apple trees are in a decaying condition from some cause or 
 •other— large trees chiefly. Some say it is the borer ; but it seems to me to be a general decay.* The codling 
 moth has done less damage this year than usual. Most of the few plum trees left are covered with black 
 knot. There is a large crop of apples, though they are smaller than usual on account of dry weather. 
 There is quite a surplus of apples, but no market. 
 
 Hector McRae, Bentinck, Grey : There is hardly a wormy apple this year. Some trees are killed by 
 blight. Any surplus of fruit is of apples. 
 
 James Shearer, Egremont, Grey : There is more or less of loss every year from fruit trees dying through 
 the borer or blight. A large number of the fruit trees are thus affected. 
 
 Basil R. Rowe, Orillia, Simooe : Fruit trees have suffered a good deal the last two seasons from some 
 cause, perhaps frost. Apples generally are much spotted with a kind of mildew, which evidently will 
 prevent them from keeping. The supply is large. 
 
 John Lennox, Innisfil, Simcoe : Nearly half the apple trees are dead or dying, I think by the last two 
 winters being so severe. There are fewer worms than usual. There is a surplus of apples. 
 
 J. K. Irving, Innisfil, Simcoe : Fruit trees were badly broken by the October wind storm. Insects and 
 blight have done much damage. A surplus of apples. 
 
 James Farney, Flos, Simcoe : Condition of fruit trees very good. No injury to apples or cherries, but 
 plums were injured by frost. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, iEssa, Simcoe : Many orchards have been killed out by one cause or another, some 
 winter-killed. The borer is destructive, and want of proper drainage has caused the destruction of many 
 orchards. There is perhaps a surplus of apples. 
 
 Thomas McCabe, Adjala, Simcoe : In some places apples were stung by insects and rotted on the trees. 
 
 C. A. O'MaUey, Mosa, Middlesex : Condition of fruit trees, fair. The storm of 14th injured and 
 destroyed very many trees. Considerable loss by insects, but little blight. There is a surplus of apples 
 only. Large quantities are sold to local dealers at from 50 cents to $1 per bbl., dealers sometimes 
 supplying barrels. 
 
27 
 
 Wm. Jamieson, Westminster, Middlesex: Trees are in general healthy, excepting cherries and plums, 
 which are a good deal hurt by the black knot. A very severe storm of wind on the 14th passed over us, 
 takmg down nearly all the apples ; a great many apples will be made into cider from this cause. All fruits 
 through the season found sufficient demand, and the apples will soon be pretty well handled. 
 
 Richard Jolliife, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Apple trees from some cause are dying in most of the 
 orchards. The storm of October 14th destroyed a great many trees. There is large surplus of apples. 
 
 ^' -l^- ^**"l6y. Biddulph, Middlesex : Fruit trees are in good condition, to all appearance, in every 
 respect. Ihere is sufficient fruit for local demands and a large surplus of apples. 
 
 1, tw^™^^ Alexander, Blcfrid, Middlesex : Trees are generally healthy. Considerable damage was done to 
 both trees and fruit by the late wind storm. There is a surplus of plums and apples, but the apple crop is 
 much less than last year. 
 
 », i*"-'^j Seoord, N. Dorchester, Middlesex : Fruit trees, especially apples, are not doing as well as might 
 •be desired, not having fuUy recovered from a blight or something that attacked them some years ago. 
 Jr'ears and apples are plentiful. There is perhaps 33 per cent, damaged by worms, but yet a large quantity 
 IS being shipped to England. f f f sj , j & -i j 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Fruit trees in general are healthy to all appearance. On the 14th 
 IJctober a great number of fruit trees were torn up by the roots and others badly mutilated by the storm. 
 Ihere is a surplus of apples, but the wind has damaged many of them. 
 
 James G. Pettit, Bast Oxford, Oxford : Fruit trees are in a healthy condition. A great many apples 
 were spoiled for export purposes by the high winds. The supply of all kinds of fruit except peaches, plums 
 and cherries, is sufficient for local consumption. 
 
 Robert Leak, East Oxford, Oxford : Nearly every thing is dead in this neighborhood except apple trees, - 
 'Zi't ^y^ doing fairly well. Trees are freer than usu41 from insects ; a few codling moths were noticed. 
 Ihe fruit supply is sufficient, and there is a surolus of apples^ but not a large one. 
 
 James Anderson, Bast Zorra, Oxford : Some trees are dying off, but on the whole the trees are healthy. 
 There is a large surplus of apples, which sell at $1 per bbl. - 
 
 Daniel Burt, S. Dumfries, Brant ; Trees seem fairly healthy. The late storm damaged fruit trees a 
 •good deal, uprooting and destroying some trees, and blowing off nearly all the unpicked fruit. There is a 
 surplus of most kinds of fruit. 
 
 C. Jarvis, Brantford, Brant : I have hundreds of fruit trees of all kinds which have passed through the 
 insect pest all right, except one cherry tree, with fruit half grown. When the pest struck the tips of every 
 branch, though it was a very healthy young tree, it died. Another large black-heart was struck badly, and 
 though the cherries got about ripe and black, they did not fully develop in size and were so poor in taste that no 
 •one would eat them. Others were struck, but not so much. The black currants, also, for the first time in 
 my experience, were struck with a similar insect, or the same. The leaves turned black as thoiigh sprinkled 
 with coal dust, and the currant did not grow quite so fine, but there was not much defect in flavor. All 
 fruit is abundant — pears, apples, plums, and grapes. The latter are very abundant and all have fully 
 ripened, such as Rogers' 3, 4, 9, 15, Agawam, Concord, Hartford, Prolific, Diana, Delaware, lona, and others 
 not named. No peaches or apricots this year. The wind storm has broken down several trees. 
 
 Thos. Luun, Oakland, Brant : Fruit trees have suiiered from the two severe -mnd storms that have 
 visited this section the present year, one on June 17th, and the other on October 14th. Both destroyed 
 many valuable trees in forest and orchard. Cherries and plums are a better crop than for some time. 
 
 Alex. McLaren, Hibbert, Perth : Fruit trees are in good condition. Large surplus of apples for export, 
 •and a good margin of profit for growers. 
 
 Thos. Steele, Downie, Perth ; Trees are not very good in this locality, apple trees having been dying, 
 ■either wholly or in part, for some years past. I do not know the cause. There was some slight damage by 
 a storm. There is a surplus of all kinds of fruit, but especially of apples, which are a large crop. 
 
 R. G. Roberts, Wallace, Perth : Cherry trees were badly affected by large numbers of small dark bugs 
 which gathered on the under side of the leaves. 
 
 George Leversage, FuUarton, Perth : Apples have been a plentiful crop, but the recent storms blew them 
 5,11 from the trees, consequently they will not keep through the winter so well. 
 
 Thos. Page, Wallace, Perth : The condition of fruit trees is good. Apples have made more young wood 
 than usual. Plums seem to be taking a new lease of life here. Cherries have made no wood ; they were 
 damaged in the spring by a black aphis. The wind scorm of last week has made a large amount of the apple 
 crop fit for nothing but cider, and it (cider) is pretty plentitul. 
 
 Edward Halter, Waterloo, Waterloo : Fruit trees are getting worse every year, dying off, and if people 
 ■don't plant other orchards the time will be seen by this generation when we will not have apples enough for 
 our own supply, or none at all. The apples are so plentiful that cider apples can be bought from 10 to 15 
 cents a bag, and large winter apples from 25 to 38 cents a bag. Plums and cherries were scarce. The trees 
 died some years ago by the black knot, and the young trees do not bear much. 
 
 Henry Liersch, Wilmot, Waterloo : The condition of fruit trees is good. Cherries and plums are a 
 failure by black knot, but apples are in abundance. Apples were thrown down by the storm, therefore a 
 large quantity ot cider has been made. 'There is a surplus of pears, apples and grapes. 
 
 Richard Blain, North Dumfries, Waterloo : Fruit trees look very bad, and orchards will require a good 
 •deal of replanting, as black knot and' worm have injured them a pood deal these last two or three years. 
 We will have plenty of fruit for home use, but very little surplus. 
 
 Duncan Macfarlane, Puslinch, Wellington : The condition of the fruit trees is not verv good ; quite a 
 number are dying. There is a certain amount of loss by the codling moth. The storm blew the greater 
 part of the apples off the trees. The supply of fruit is sufficient for local consumption, and there vrill be a 
 surplus of apples. 
 
28 
 
 W. D. Wood, Eramosa, Wellington : There is plenty of apples and to spare ; the market is glutted. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : The condition of fruil trees is not good. ^ Plums and cherries are almost 
 a failure by black knot, and apples are not good. I think some other mischief ails them. There is enough 
 fruit for home use, but not much for the public market. 
 
 W. Brown, Guelph, Wellington : There is no marked trouble in any form with the fruit trees. There 
 is a large surplus of apples. 
 
 Wm. Dynes, Mono, Dufferin : Fruit trees are in very good condition. No injury of any account hasi 
 been done. There is a surplus of apples. 
 
 Robert Dickson, East Luther, Dufferin : The condition of fruit trees is good. There are none but 
 apples here, and they are young yet. They have done well this year. 
 
 Alex. Servos, Niagara, Lincoln : Apples look well. Peaches were badly winter-killed. Some have not 
 survived— say 20 percent., but the balance are looking fair. A large quantity of all kinds of fruit was left 
 for shipment. 
 
 Geo. Walker, Clinton, Lincoln : Fruit trees are in good condition ; a few Qave suffered by l^ht, and 
 many peach trees by the severe cold last winter. There was quite sufficient fruit for home use. There is a 
 ■mall surplus of apples, and of plums and grapes a large surplus. 
 
 D. B. Rittenhouse, Louth, Lincoln : Fruit trees are not in good condition. Surplus of apples. 
 
 A. G. Muir, N. Grimsby, Lincoln : Fruit trees look healthy and have not been materially injured from 
 any cause. The supply of all kinds, except peaches, is more than sufficient for home consumption, although 
 the apple crop was not one quarter of what was contemplated at blossoming time. 
 
 Erland Lee, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Fruit trees look bad, especially apples. The hard winter and dry 
 summer created havoc with numbers of orchards, but others again look well and bore well. There was no 
 damage by insect. Apples, grapes and pears are abundant. 
 
 Joseph Snasdell, West Flamboro', Wentworth : Fruit trees were injured by a kind of dry rot just under 
 the ground ; many dying and dead. A good many apples, in fact nine-tenths, injured by a scab on the fruit. 
 I cannot tell the cause and would like to know. Those trees that are shaded, or in shady places, suffer 
 less than those that are exposed to the sun. There is plenty of fruit that is of inferior quality. Plums, 
 pears and second class apples are in surplus quantities. 
 
 Robert Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : Apple trees seem to have recovered from the blight that affected 
 them in June, but much of the fruit is almost worthless. The late wind storm did considerable damage by 
 shaking them off and bruising, still there is enough for home use and a surplus of pears. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The trees appear to be healthy. The apples which were not 
 stored away a couple of weeks ago were nearly all knocked off with the wind ; not much damage to fruit 
 from any other cause. The apple crop is so large that it is difficult to dispose of fall fruit. 
 
 W. C. Inglehart, Trafalgar, Halton : Fruit trees did badly this summer ; they seemed to be affected 
 with a blight last spring and a good many died through the summer. The supply of fruit more than 
 sufficient, and large quantities of apples, pears, plums, grapes, and small fruits, are being shipped from this 
 vicinity. 
 
 John Shaw, Bsquesing, Halton : Great loss of apples by a heavy gale of wind which stripped nearly the 
 whole crop off the trees, but think there may be enough for local consumption saved. The surplus fruit, if 
 any, will be apples. 
 
 William Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : Apparently in healthy condition and free from insects, blight and 
 frosts. About one-half of the apple crop was blown off by late storms. There is about sufficient for home 
 use. 
 
 Wm. S. Buist, Albion, Peel : Apples were damaged by spring frosts so that the crop is not large ; not. 
 half a crop ; nearly all the apples are wind-fallen by the last storm. Cherry and plum trees are badly 
 injured by black knot. Black currant bushes had a blight this summer which injured the crop. There is. 
 a sufficient supply, but not much surplus of any fruit. 
 
 M. Jones, Whitchurch, York : Fruit trees are not healthy, and much of the fruit is small and spotted.. 
 Northern Spies and Snow apples are hardly fit for cider. 
 
 George Evans, Jr., Georgina, York : Fruit trees very good, except the plum and cherry, which are badly 
 injured by black knot, but not injured to any extent by other causes. The supply of fruit of all kinds is. 
 sufficient for the local consumption and there is a small surplus of apples. 
 
 Angus Ego, Georgina, York : Many of the young trees are dying ; the bark splits on the north-west 
 side Apples this year are very much affected with something like scab, particularly snow apples ; a great, 
 many were blown off the trees with the wind storm. I am not aware of any great surplus in this part. 
 
 J D Evans, Etobicoke, York : Fruit trees are good. From six hundred apple trees I have not got 
 four barrels, although they were full of bloom in the spring. There is also a surplus of apples here, however- 
 bad the faUure. 
 
 John Foy Sougog, Ontario : Some varieties of apples were a partial failure, more particularly th&. 
 Snow ; they were very scabby and did not attain to any size, and others were affected inside, turning brown 
 and hard. 
 
 R S Webster, Soott, Ontario : Condition of fruit trees fair. I am of opinion that the trouble about 
 black knot, where the trees are carefully looked after, is about over, but very shght symptoms appearing 
 this year. No surplus. 
 
 Hy Glendenning 'Brock, Ontario : Some varieties of apple trees, especially the Russet family, have been 
 very badly affected by the Aphides which caused the fruit to mature imperfectly. There is plenty of fruit 
 for local consumption. 
 
29 
 
 E. Lanigan, Mara, Ontario ; Fruit was only a middling crop in this locality and there is not a sufficiency 
 for local consumption. 
 
 James McLean, Cavan, Durham : Apples and pears look well ; plums were a failure ; apples are very 
 scarce and of poor quality. 
 
 H. A. Walker, Hope, Durham : Apple, trees have not recovered from the hail storm a year ago last 
 June ; quite a number were loaded on the east side, with none on the west side. 
 
 John Foott, Hope, Durham : The fruit trees suffered from drought, but have improved very much since 
 ithe fall rains came on. There was great loss by insect pest. Apples 'are small and scabby. The supply of 
 fruit is sufficient. There is a slight surplus of apples. 
 
 W. J. Westington, Hamilton, Northumberland : Many fruit trees were injured by lice on bark and 
 leaves, causing many to die. There is more than sufficient fruit and an abundant supply of apples. 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland : The condition of apple trees is good. Apples are not as 
 abundant as usual and many are badly affected by insects. 
 
 Geo. Kennedy, Sr., Haldimand, Northumberland : A good many trees are dying. The storm of the 
 14th October blew the apples all down and broke some of the branches. They are shipping apples all along 
 the front. 
 
 Andrew M. Haight, HallowsU, Prince Edward : Fruit trees are in very good condition. Apples are a 
 very poor crop. There are no plums or pears to speak of ; the plums were all stung ; of apples, only, isthere a 
 surplus. 
 
 P. W. Miller, Kaladar, Lennox and Addington : Fruit trees are in good condition. About one-third 
 of the fruit is scabby. The supply is sufficient. There was a good surplus of small fruits. 
 
 C. R. Allison, S. Fredericksburg, Lennox : Fruit is very scarce, except apples, and in many sections the 
 apples are far below the average crop. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Apples are generally about an average crop in this section ; 
 there is considerable loss by storms this month. Plums and cherries are almost a complete failure and 
 many of the plum trees are dead from blight. Of apples there will be sufficient for local demand and there 
 may be a surplus in some sections. 
 
 Arch. Knight, Kingston, Frontenac : Fruit trees are in very good condition. There has been great loss 
 by the crows ; they cover the orchards by thousands and destroy the apples very fast. There is sufficient 
 fruit, with a small quantity of apples to spare. 
 
 Alex. Ritchie, Storrington, Frontenac : Apple trees were covered all over with green lice, which were on 
 them all summer. The apples were all blown off on the 14th October by a big blow. There is a surplus of 
 apples and enough of all fruits. 
 
 W. A. "Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : I never saw as fine a quality of fruit exhibited at our local fairs, 
 as this year. We have enough for local consumption, but none for export. 
 
 Gideon Fairbairn, Edwardsburgh, Grenville : Fruit trees are not good. Apples suffered considerably 
 from blight, particvdarly Snows. Surplus of apples. 
 
 W. Y. Newman, Oxford, Grenville : The young apple trees are in fair condition, excepting an occasional 
 tree, where the limbs dry up and decay. Their is a sufficiency of fall apples, but a scarcity for winter 
 keeping. No surplus of any kind. 
 
 James OoUison, Matilda, Dundas : Condition of fruit trees is very good. The Fameuse and Mcintosh 
 apples are damaged considerably by black spots . Small surplus. 
 
 G. 0. Tracy, Williamsburg, Dundas : Small fruit trees were plentiful for home use, and there are 
 some apples, perhaps, to spare ; but the apple crop not up to the average, and the quantity poor. 
 
 R. Anderson Cornwall, Stormont: Trees in very good condition, no loss of fruit, which was 
 sufficient, with a surplus of apples. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : Apple trees are good. There was considerable scab on apples, 
 caused by the weather in some way not explicable, but no blight or injury by frost. The supply of 
 apples, only, is sufficient, and of this fruit there will be a surplus. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, W. Hawkesbury, Prescott : Fruit trees are looking well There are some complaints 
 about black spots on the better kinds of apples, and there appears to have been some kind of a blight on 
 some apples; their was a fair crop of other fruit but no surplus. 
 
 Alf. Hill, Cumberland, Russell : Not much fruit raised here. Small fruits were good. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Carleton : Fruit trees in good condition, no damage by insect or any 
 cither cause. Fruit is sufficient for local purposes, and of apples there is a surplus. 
 
 P. E. Buoke, Ottawa, Carleton : Many of the late grapes were destroyed by frost. There has never 
 yet been sufficient fruit raised here for local consumption, and of no one fruit is there a surplus. 
 
 Jno. M. Cleland, Darling, Lanark : The condition of fruit trees is fair. A great number of old trees 
 are dying off. Young trees have fine growth. Plums and cherries are a very inferior crop. 
 
 Lawrence Dowdall, Drummond, Lanark : The condition of fruit trees is very good. No insect damages. 
 The supply of fruit is sufficient, arid more, for it is very hard to sell them, and they are fed to hogs. 
 
 Peter Anderson, McNab, Renfrew : Fruit trees are in very good condition, and none that I am 
 aware of injured this season by anything. There is enough fruit and a surplus of apples. 
 
 David Taylor, Bagot, Renfrew: Apple trees look well ; hardly any loss this season of fruit or trees. 
 Sufficient fruit, generally, and a surplus of apples. 
 
.so 
 
 Thos. Beall, Lindsay, Victoria : Fruit trees are looking well. The Aphis Malus and ,perhaps 
 some of the other varieties of Aphis have been unubually troublesome, but there has been no loss of any 
 consequence from any of the other causes. There has not been suiBcient fruit, excepting strawberries, and 
 no surplus. Grapes of all varieties have been well ripened. 
 
 Wm. Ramsay, Mariposa, Victoria : The fruit trees are in general looking well, but there was a blight 
 of some kind affected the apples ; a great many of them were scabby and spotted and some of them cracked 
 open so that they were no good for use. 
 
 Jas. S. Oaimduff, Harvey, Peterboro : A great many trees are dying, some planted from 10 to 14 years. 
 They were blighted ; they blossom out' full in spring and then wither. About one-half of the apples are wormy 
 and most of them are covered with fungous spots. Not sufficient fruit for home consumption. 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterboro : Fruit trees are healthy and on the whole the fruit was good, 
 but some kinds of apples were spotted from some cause. The fruit was unsaleable. There will be a surplus, 
 of apples. 
 
 D. Galloway, Lutterworth, Haliburton : Fruit trees are in good condition ; some trees were damaged 
 by wind, owing to the heavy load of fruit and lack of care to prop up in time. The supply of fruit is not 
 sufficient, owing to the lack of fruit trees (apples. ) Wild plums and crab apples were very plentiful. 
 
 Chas. R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : There are very few fruit trees. There is much trouble and 
 uncertainty about a^iples. The wild berries are in great profusion. Raspberries were sold at about 50c. a. 
 patent pail. Thera is a fine opening here for a preserve factory.' 
 
 J. R. Ketoheson, Madoe, Hastings : Fruit trees are healthy and good, but very much injured by insect 
 or blight. There is quite sufficient fruit for home consumption and a surplus of harvest apples, and the 
 Russets' and Ben Davis. 
 
 George Monro, Tyendinaga, Hastings : The condition of fruit trees is good and there has not been 
 much loss by insects, storms, blight or frost. There is a surplus of apples. 
 
 Edwd. Bray, Jr., Stisted, Muskoka : What fruit trees are left are in good condition. The borer 
 did some damage. There is not enough grown for local consumption, but there was a very good supply of 
 crab apples. There were some good samples of Duchess of Oldenburgh and Tetofsky grown. 
 
 Chas. Robertson, CardweU, Muskoka : Fruit trees are nearly all dead ; I thi'nk that is owing to the 
 varieties that have been planted not being the best for this northern climate. The supply of fruit is not- 
 sufficient for local eonsumption. 
 
 .J. M. Ansley, McDougaU, Parry Souad : The fruit trees suffered heavily last winter by the' frost. 
 Many choice trees perished, and became black (I presume frozen to the centre). Those that survived 
 have done well. Of fruit there is always a large deficiency of all kinds, which must be imported from Owen 
 Sound, CoUingwood, Meaford, etc. 
 
 S. J. Peake, Foley, Parry Sound : Apple trees are dying off ; the trunk losing the bark. 
 
 R. Blair, Carling, Parry Sound : Some fruit trees are doing very well. The borer has injured a good 
 many apple trees. There is a great quantity of fruit brought from other places . There is a surplus of 
 blueberries and cranberries. 
 
 J. H. .Johnson, Sandfield, Algoma ; There are two or three fine young orchards just beginning to bear 
 and in prime condition. A number of young trees have died on account, I think, of not having the- 
 ground' drained. No damage has been done by insects, storms, blight or frost. 
 
 PASTURES, LIVE STOCK AND THE DAIRY INDUSTRY. 
 
 As will be remembered, the condition of pastures and live stock in August varied 
 considerably throughout the province. In the western portions the severe drought had 
 made itself felt, and cattle which had wintered well had begun to fall away in flesh 
 for lack of grass, the pastures being pretty well eaten off, while the grasses left were dry, 
 tasteless and lacking in nutriment. Horses and sheep, however, had easily held their own 
 on the short pastures in the western counties, and as the well-wintered cattle had still a 
 considerable store of constitutional vigor and condition upon which to draw, they were 
 not by any means in an unpromising condition. In eastern Ontario the pastures continued 
 good throughout the summer, and live stock of all sorts were in a thriving condition in 
 
 August. 
 
 At present the condition of live stock throughout the province is, on the whole, very 
 encouraging. Cattle, sheep and hogs are, as a rule, in high condition for commencing the 
 winter and if the prevailing low prices do not tempt farmers to winter too many animals for 
 the feed they have at their disposal, the outlook may be regarded as very favorable. The 
 tendency in many localities, however, appears to be to hold live stock for higher prices, 
 and as the supplies of hay and straw are generally very light, it is possible that such a 
 large amount of rough stock may be thrown on the market in the latter part of winter 
 
■M 
 
 or early spring as will bring about a serious decline in prices. It must be remembered, 
 on the other hand, that coarse grains and roots are very plentiful, and this would plainly 
 indicate that those farmers who are carrying over stock should not merely " winter," but 
 fatten their stock. Every sensible stock man knows that all that his animals, intended for 
 meat production, eat without gaining in weight is thrown away, and that holding matured 
 bullocks through the winter in the hope of securing better prices is, at best, a risky 
 speculation. But if this be true in ordinary cases, it must come to the far-seeing farmer 
 with unusual force this season when wintering materials (hay a;nd straw) are scarce, and 
 when fattening supplies (coarse grains and roots) are likely to be cheap and plentiful. 
 
 In the Lake Erie counties the reports as to the present condition of pastures and live 
 stock are altogether very encouraging. In Essex, out of thirteen reports ten are distinctly 
 favorable so far as pastures, sheep and cattle are concerned, though two correspondents 
 report serious losses from the prevalence of hog cholera. Several others, however, say 
 that hogs are numerous and doing well in their localities. From Kent the majority of 
 the reports are very encouraging. From twelve correspondents nine reports are favorable. 
 One report complains of scarcity of water, but nearly all refer to the late warm rains as 
 having greatly benefited the live stock industry. Elgin sends ten reports, all of which 
 are favorable as to the condition of cattle, sheep and pigs. In Norfolk the state of afiairs 
 is not quite so encouraging, the reports being just evenly divided between " medium " and 
 pronouncedly favorable. Here, as in many other counties, the fine weather and warm 
 rains which came late in the season had greatly benefited the pastures and correspond- 
 ingly improved the condition of all sorts of live stock. From Haldimand fourteen 
 correspondents have reported, and of these all but one send encouraging news as to the 
 state of pastures and the condition of live stock. In some portions of the county the 
 cattle and sheep had been largely sold ofi' the grass, while but few of the farmers had as 
 yet commenced stall feeding. Here as elsewhere, there is considerable complaint about 
 the low prices obtainable for meat supplies of all sorts, and throughout the Lake Erie* 
 counties there will be a considerable surplus to dispose of this season. From Welland 
 seven out of nine reports are ezicouraging. 
 
 The story told by the reports from the Lake Huron counties, is also a very cheering 
 one so far as the live stock product is concerned, though the p(rices are not as favorable 
 as could be wished. Late rains and warm weather have certainly been worth many 
 thousands of dollars to the farming community in Ontario, and the stockmen of the Lake 
 Huron counties reaped their full share of the benefits. Out of twenty-one reports from 
 Lambton, eighteen are favorable and three unfavorable. In a few localities the rains 
 did not come in time to counteract the ill-efiects of the summer droughts, but nearly 
 everywhere fall pastures are reported excellent and stock of all kinds healthy, vigorous 
 and in every way well prepared to meet the rigors of the approaching winter. Of 
 twenty-one reports from the county of Huron eighteen are distinctly favorable, two 
 average and one unfavorable. Pastures as a rule have been exceptionally good for the 
 season of the year and cattle are thriving and healthy. Here, as in many other counties, 
 it has been found that where cattle are particularly fat on grass, sheep have not done 
 quite as well as they should, a state of affairs which emphasizes the fact that the pastures 
 best adapted for cattle are not suitable for sheep. In the county of Bruce, twenty 
 reports indicate a very satisfactory state of affairs so far as live stock is concerned, wliile 
 only two reports are unfavorable. Not only have pastures been good and cattle well 
 advanced, but a large proportion of the matured stock has been sold off the grass while 
 young immature beasts remain in the hands of farmers for winter feeding and they 
 are almost without exception in good order. In some loctilities hogs and sheep are scarce, 
 but on the whole the prospects of later supplies are excellent, considering the amount of 
 stock that has already been shipped. 
 
 The Georgian Bay counties report very hopefully. Of thirty-three reports from the 
 the county of Grey thirty-one are favorable. Many correspondents declare that fall 
 pastures were never better in their localities, while the condition of live stock (especially 
 cattle) was corresi)ondingly good. Up to date not much has been done in the way of 
 stall feeding, but shippers have fotind grass fed animals high enough in flesh to suit their 
 purposes and accordingly large sales of cattle and sheep are reported. Hogs are also 
 
csz 
 
 fairly numerous though a scarcity is reported in some localities, As a rule, however, the 
 live stock industry in Grey is evidently in a prosperous condition. Out of fifteen reports 
 from Simcoe twelve are favorable and three unpromising. In nearly all localities the 
 pastures were greatly benefited by the warm fall rains, but in a few oases cattle had not 
 had time to fully recover from the ill effects of the severe droughts of summer. One 
 correspondent reports the destruction of clover in his locality, but adds that the pastures had 
 as a general thing been greatly improved by the fall rains. Here, too, sheep and cattle 
 have been sold off the grass in considerable numbers, though the prospect of extensive 
 . supplies for the winter markets is fairly good. 
 
 Though the state of fall pastures and live stock in the West Midland counties may be 
 regarded as favorable, it is not nearly as much so as in the groups already reported upon. 
 Of twenty-nine reports from Middlesex, twenty-one may be classed as favorable, while the 
 other eight are partially or wholly unfavorable. Cattle and sheep have been sold to a 
 considerable extent off the grass, and most of the animals left are in good condition, 
 as pastures are for the most part reasonably rich. Hogs are, as a rule, thrifty 
 and fairly plenty. As a rule the prospect of supplies for the winter markets is 
 fair. From the thirteen reports sent by Oxford correspondents it would appear that the 
 pastures in that county had not been particularly favored with the fall rains which have 
 done so much good elsewhere. Eight reports are unfavorable and five favorable. The 
 supplies for winter markets are not likely to be very large in most parts of this county. 
 Out of six reports from Brant only one is encouraging, but the information from this 
 county is so meagre that it is hardly safe to base an opinion on it. Twenty reports from 
 the county of Perth indicate considerably varied conditions as to stock and pastures. 
 Eleven are distinctly favorable, six may be characterized as medium, and three discourag- 
 ing. Supplies for the winter markets will not be very large, though there will be a 
 considerable surplus in some localities. Only a few correspondents make mention of 
 sales of cattle and sheep off the grass. The general tenor of the reports from Wellington 
 does not differ materially from those of Perth correspondents ; fourteen are favorable and 
 eight unfavorable. A^'ery few sales are reported and but little stall feeding has been done 
 as yet, though it is expected that a large quantity of stock will be fattened in this county. 
 There is a good deal of grumbling about the low prices and a lack of demand for live 
 stock at any price. It is probable that the supply for winter markets will be large. Of 
 ten reports from Waterloo, three are " good," five are " medium," and two " bad." The 
 supplies are expected to be quite equal to the demand during the coming winter. The 
 reports from Dufferin are npt encouraging, two being rather favorable and three 
 pronouncedly unfavorable. 
 
 In the Lake Ontario counties it would seem that the autumn weather had only been 
 partially successful in repairing the damage done by summer droughts. In these counties 
 there seems to be less attention paid to feeding stock for slaughter than in the west, and 
 correspondents lay more stress on the condition of pastures and live stock than they do on 
 other subjects. Out of twelve reports from Lincoln, six are favorable, three are medium, 
 and three are unfavorable. From Wentworth, three reports are favorable, two " average," 
 and three unfavorable. Halton sends two encouraging reports, two "fair," and two 
 unfavorable. Ten correspondents from Peel send five medium reports, three good, and 
 two bad. Of fourteen reports from York, six are very favorable, two are reasonably so, 
 and six discouraging, though owing to present low prices the winter markets are likely to be 
 liberally supplied. Twelv^ correspondents from the county of Ontario furnish six favor- 
 able reports, two average, and four discouraging, but present low prices will conduce to a 
 liberally supplied winter market. Durham sends fourteen reports, the general tenor of 
 which indicates a better state of affairs than in those counties of the group already men- 
 tioned. Nine reports are pronouncedly favorable, four reasonably so, and only one 
 positively discouraging. Though little if any stock was sold off the grass, nearly all the 
 animals were in a healthy and vigorous condition, fully ready to endure even a rigorous 
 winter. The supply for the winter markets will be considerably over the local demand. 
 In Northumberland, as the farmers pay rnore attention to dairying and grain growing 
 than to meat production, the information regarding the latter is neither very full nor 
 precise. Three reports are favorable, three unfavorable, and four average. Only six 
 
33 
 
 correspondents report from Prince Edward, and of these five are extremely favorable as 
 far as they go, but as the farmers of that county do not pay much attention to meat pro- 
 duction the information as to stock intended for feeding is very limited. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa group of counties a much more encouraging state of 
 affairs is to be noted. Lennox and Addington correspondents send seven reports, five of 
 which are pronouncedly favorable, both as to pastures and live stock, while the prospects 
 for winter supplies are good. Frontenac sends eleven reports, every one of which is very 
 encouraging. Leeds and Grenville correspondents send thirteen encouraging reports, and 
 only one which is otherwise, while even this correspondent cannot be said to take a very 
 gloomy view of affairs. Dundas sends five reports, all of ~whioh are encouraging. In 
 Stormont, Glengarry, Prescott and Eussell comparatively little attention is paid to feeding 
 stock for market, but out of eleven reports from these counties, only three are otherwise 
 than very favorable as to the condition of fall pastures and live stock. A considerable 
 proportion of the surplus stock in these counties has been sold off the grass. The surplus 
 for winter markets will not be ' large. Carleton sends eight reports, all of which are 
 favorable, fall pastures appearing to have been exceptionally good. Renfrew sends nine 
 encouraging reports out of a total of eleven. One correspondent from Bagot reports a 
 damaging frost. Lanark sends nine favorable reports out of eleven. 
 
 The general character of the season in the East Midland counties has not differed 
 very materially from that of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa group, and the remarks made 
 in introducing the latter will apply with equal force to the former. Out of ten reports 
 from Victoria, five may be classed as favorable and five medium, none being at all 
 discouraging, except that there is a general disposition to complain of the depression in ■ 
 prices and lack of demand at any price. Fi-om Peterborough come seven favorable and 
 two unfavorable reports. Haliburton sends five reports, all of which are very eucouraging. 
 Of seven correspondents who write from Hastings, six speak very encouragingly, though 
 the surplus is not likely to be large. 
 
 In the Northern Districts not so much attention is paid to stock raising as in the 
 more thickly settled portions of the country, though the condition of pastures is always 
 an important factor in the prosperity of the frontier settler. Of ten reports from Mus- 
 koka eight are favorable, with the exception of occasional complaints about prices, while 
 two correspondents report pastures decidedly short. The supply for winter markets 
 promises to be considerably in excess of the demand. Seven correspondents send reports 
 from Parry Sound and all of these are very encouraging. Eeports from Algoma are 
 uniformly favorable. 
 
 The Dairy Induste t. — The severe summer droughts, noted in the August 
 reports from nearly the whole of western Ontario, have made themselves seriously felt in 
 the cheese and butter production of that portion of the province. The warm fall rains 
 which benefited the pastures so materially of course had the effect of helping out the 
 dairy interest to some extent, but it is well known that when a cow has seriously fallen 
 off in her milk production through scanty feeding, she does not recover very readily even 
 when put on a more liberal allowance. But, so far as the western portion of southern 
 Ontario is concerned, it seems that the stock farmers pay much more attention to beef 
 production than to dairying, and that those among them who do keep milch cows are 
 more apt to send their milk to the cheese factory than to have it made into butter at 
 home. There are many reasons for this, and among them is the difficulty of securing 
 efficient domestic servants at any reasonable price. The average farmer's wife has quite 
 enough to do without taking upon herself the cares of a dairy. It is an easy matter for 
 the farm hands to look after the milk when it is sent off to the cheese factory, but mak- 
 ing it up into butter at home is quite another thing. Wherever creameries have been 
 introduced thus far they appear to have been very generally approved of by the farmers, 
 as stock men prefer to dispose of their cream only and feed the skim milk on the farm. 
 In the Lake Blrie counties creameries are being successfully introduced, so that the cheese 
 and butter industries are pretty evenly divided. Prices are of course better than they 
 were in the hot weather, though in the estimation of many correspondents there is still 
 
 3 (n. R.) 
 
34 
 
 plenty of room for improvement in this respect. Some correspondents assert that 
 creameries are badly needed in their localities and profess to think that the creamery is 
 the one thing needful to make the dairy interests flourish in certain localities. In the 
 county of Norfolk cheese making appears to have prospered exceptionally, the product 
 being large and of excellent quality. -In butter, however, the product was much smaller. 
 In Haldimand the butter and cheese products would appear to be pretty evenly balanced, 
 if one may judge from the character of the reports received, much of the former being 
 sold freely in the Hamilton market. Prices, as quoted by correspondents, (very few of 
 whom mention actual figures, however,) range from 16c. to 18c. for butter, while 12c. is 
 about the highest price quoted for cheese. In Lambton, Huron and Brdce more appears 
 to have been done in the way of dairying and this industry appears to have been a 
 flourishing, though not a leading one. There are of course many more cheese factories 
 than creameries in these counties, but as much excellent butter is made at the farm 
 houses, the relative producta^ of the two great branches of dairying will not vary very 
 materially in volume. In Grey and Simcoe the dairy interest appears to have been 
 reasonably prosperous in both its branches. In the former county creameries are doing a 
 thriving business and in many localities to a great extent superseding the cheese factories. 
 From other quarters comes the complaint that creameries are badly needed. Large 
 quantities of good butter are made at the farm houses, but the diflS.culty of profitably 
 marketing such a product is that no two farmers turn out exactly the same quality of 
 butter, or if the different products are similar in quality they are apt to difier in color or 
 some minor point which, nevertheless, stamps the whole shipment as " uneven," and is 
 apt to arouse some suspicion as to its general, excellency. In the West Midland counties 
 the dairy interest appears to be in a reasonably prosperous condition; cheese seems to take 
 the lead, though wherever creameries have been introduced they appear to have become 
 popular with the farmers. In the Lake Ontario counties butter production seems to be 
 more favored than cheese, although in the counties of Prince Edward and Northumber- 
 land cheese production largely predominates. In Wentworth and Halton large quantities 
 of milk are sold for consumption in Toronto and Hamilton, while much butter is made 
 up by the farmers and sold fresh on the markets of these cities. In Ontario, Durham, York 
 and Lincoln, the farmers appear to be paying more attention to butter production than 
 formerly. In the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties the severe midsummer droughts 
 which visited the western counties were not felt to any extent, and as the farmers of this 
 region have for many years paid more attention to the dairy than to meat production, the 
 reports are as a rule more satisfactory than from any other portion of the province. 
 Pastures having been pretty good throughout the season in most of these counties, the 
 product of butter and cheese has been large, though there has been considerible complaint 
 as to the prices obtainable, especially for butter, some correspondents quoting as low as 
 10 to 15c. for the best quality. Cheese factories are already numerous and well patron- 
 ized in this region, and creameries are being introduced with the most flattering results. 
 In the East Midland counties the butter product considerably exceeds that of cheese, 
 though both branches of the dairy interest appear to be in a fairly flourishing condition. 
 The -want of creameries and cheese factories is of course badly felt in the more newly 
 settled portions of this district. In Muskoka, Parry Sound and Algoma, home-made 
 butter is of course almost the only marketable product. The season has been favorable 
 and the product unusually . large, but of course the quality, is very uneven and in most 
 cases prices are very unsatisfactory. 
 
 Thk Popular Breed s. — The answers to the question, — " What breeds or 
 grades of milch cows are in greatest favor or give the best results ?" have been given in 
 such a manner as to indicate that many of the correspondents did not take the question- 
 as referring to usefulness in the dairy, but for the purposes of the writer, whether for beef, 
 butter, cheese or milk production. Occasionally an answer will read " Jersey for butter, 
 Ayrshire for cheese, Short-horn for beef," while another -will say " The Short-horn grade 
 is the most useful for beef and milk combined." With these facts in view it may be said 
 that a large majority of correspondents show a preference for the Short-horn grape, and 
 
35 
 
 this is especially true of the farmers of western Ontario, where beef production occupies so 
 much of the attention of the farmers. Another reason why Short-horns, and their grades 
 are so much in favor with western Ontario farmers is, that for many years they were 
 almost the only improved cattle known in Canada, and the preference for them in many 
 cases means that the correspondent knows them to be superior to the Canadian or scrub 
 oattle with which he had to do when he commenced farming in this country. In the St. 
 Lawrence and Ottawa counties, as well as the more easterly of the East Midland group, 
 farmers were slower to avail themselves of the services of improved bulls for their herds, 
 and by the time they had become alive to the necessity of improving their cattle it was as 
 «asy for them to procure the services of a Jersey, Ayrshire or Holstein bull as those of a 
 Short-horn. They paid more attention to dairying than to beef production, and therefore 
 many of them gave one or other of the milking breeds the preference. In this way 
 eastern Ontario farmers, as a rule, show a preference for the dairy breeds, though some 
 stand up stoutly for the milking strains of Short-horns and their grades. As yet it is too 
 early to secure a very intelligent judgment on the relative merits of the improved breeds 
 through these reports, though nearly all tend to show that the average Canadian farmer 
 finds any one of the improved breeds with which he happens to become acquainted so 
 superior to the Canadian " scrub " that he is very apt to be satisfied with it and 
 content to look for nothing better. It is a notable fact that no correspondent mentions 
 any one of the improved breeds as having been tried and rejected by himself or his 
 neighbors. In view of the fact that the Holsteins have been so recently introduced into 
 Canada, it appears that they have found unusual favor among the farmers of eastern 
 Ontario. Herefords are not mentioned. Polled cattle by only two or three correspondents 
 in one locality, and Devons by very few. Ayrshires, Jerseys, Holsteins and Short-horns, 
 are invariably favored by correspondents who make any mention of them. 
 
 Lewis Simpson, North Dorchester, Elgin : Pastures' have been good all through the season. Stock of all 
 kinds look well. Cattle and hogs skipped extensively. Butter, there is none. There are no creameries in 
 this part. Cheese is the main product as far as the diviry is concerned. 
 
 Jabel Kobinson, Southwold, Elgin : Short-hom grade appears to be the favorite, but I believe that it is 
 owing to the steers making much more valuable beef. 
 
 Sheldon Ward, Malahide, Elgin : A mixed farming is done in this section. Cheese factories are well 
 patronized. No creameries. I think creameries would be a great improvement, as they would redilce butter- 
 making to a system and the product command a better price. 
 
 William W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk : Fall pastures are very good. Stock is in excellent condition. 
 Fattening stock are doing as well as I have ever seen them do. We can spare large supplies. Dairy supplies 
 seem to be getting more evenly balanced. Butter — what is made — is a better qu.ility and brings a fair price. 
 Cheese, also, is now paying equally well. Well selected Short-horn grades are the favorites. 
 
 James Morrison, Walsingham, Norfolk : Fall pasture good. Cattle and sheep ready for the market. 
 Hogs mostly bought up live weight and shipped off. Not much done in the dairy industry as regards butter. 
 Most of the farmers send to the cheese factory. Short-horn grades and native cows are in favor here. 
 
 L. Buckton, Crowland, Welland : In August and to the 11th of September the pastures were nearly dried 
 up ; people had to feed, but later they have been excellent. We have no creameries in this township. The 
 local supply of home-made is sufficient for home consumption, and averages about 20 to 22 cents per pound 
 against cheese at 8 to 10 cents. 
 
 0. Riselay, Bertie, Welland : Fall pastures abundant. Live stock in good condition. Ample supply 
 for home consumption. Grade Short-horns are in greatest favor. Holsteins and Jerseys are being 
 introduced. 
 
 Charles Gale, Sombra, Lambton : Part of June and July I had to feed my cattle hay ; the pasture was 
 brown ; cattle ate leaves from the trees as far as they could reach in bush pasture, for want of rain. Many 
 farmers drive their cattle three and a half miles to River St. Clair to drink ; many haul water four mUes 
 for family use. 
 
 Alex. Drummond, Hovriok, Huron : I anticipate a shortage of fodder in this section this winter. Many 
 farmers have sold off a number of young cattle, which is a great loss to the county. These cattle ought to 
 be all kept and fed either for the home or foreign market. 
 
 John McMillan, HuUett, Huron : Farmers are seeding down a greater quantity of land than at any 
 previous time, and going more int6 raising beef cattle. I would urge upon all farmers raising stock the 
 necessity of using nothing but pure-bred males, as really good animals always command a fair price, while 
 poor animals are a drug ill the market and don't pay for the food consumed. 
 
 John Scott, Howick, Huron : The butter in the township is all home-made, there being no factories, 
 consequently there is but little choice butter made, and that which is good is generally taken to the store 
 and traded for the same amount of goods per pound, as the waggon-grease kind, with which it is very 
 often mixed by the storekeeper, and then sold for butter, both farmer and storeV'^uer suffering badly. 
 Cheese is managed by the factory system and pays very well. 
 
36 
 
 Henry Doupe, Usborne, Huron : There has been a cheese factory in operation for the two last years ; 
 it got burned last August. At a farmers' meeting, held for building again, all voted for a creamery except 
 one, which shows they consider that butter-making is niore profitable than cheese-making. 
 
 James Johnston, Carrick, Bruce : Pastures have been good this fall. Cattle have done well this fall, 
 and are in good condition to go into the stables. Sheep are healthy and in good condition. Hogs the same. 
 A fair supply of cattle. Short on sheep and hogs. A larger percentage of the iarmers' milk now go?s to 
 the butter and cheese factories in this township. I think, for the whole season, there is not much difference 
 as to money directly received from either, but the patrons of the creameries have the advantage of having 
 the use of the skim milk. In the first of the season the butter gave the best money return, and in the latter 
 part cheese was ahead. I think the creameries in the whole season, taking everything into account, hav& 
 paid better and are more popular. We have two creameries and two cheese factories. 
 
 Walter Hartman, St. Vincent, Grey : The most popular cows are Short-horn grades, although there 
 are a few Jersey grades here that give good satisfaction. 
 
 John Black, Bentinck, Grey : We have a creamery here and also a cheese factory. Some prefer selling 
 the cream, while others think selling the milk pays best. My own opinion is that where a creamery is^ 
 conducted in a proper manner it pays the farmer better to sell his cream and feed his milk to calves and pigs. 
 
 A. Elliott, Artemesia, Grey : I am of the opinion that there should be some system of butter inspection 
 instituted other than that which now prevails, viz. : inspection by store-keepers. If there was a competent 
 inspector in each village or town, and farmers would sell their butter on regular market days— say one day 
 in each week— it would have a tendency to drive bad butter out of the market, and better prices would be 
 realized for good. 
 
 W. W. Colwell, Essa, Simcoe : There are very few first-class dairy animals kept in this section except 
 good grades, Ayrshires, Holsteins and Jerseys, all have their advoc8,tes. 
 
 Malcolm Campbell, Ekfrid, Middlesex : Fall pastures are good and live stock in good condition to begin 
 winter. Most of the cattle fit for market have been bought up. Hogs and sheep are scarce ; lambs bring a 
 good price and so do hogs. The manufacture of milk into cheese is very remunerative ; butter is only made 
 for home use. The Short-horn and native cows are in great favor for dairy and beef. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster, Middlesex : The dairy industry is flourishing ; nothing to grumble at 
 except the short pastures and scarcity of winter provender. The cutting'box will be a great institution this 
 winter, and with cheap bran and coarse grains every particle of rough straw and old hay may be utilized. 
 Cheese is the favorite as compared with butter, except with stock-raisers. The best dairy cow is thu kind 
 that the Live Stock Journal calls a scrub — a breed without a pedigree, but looking like an Ayrshire grade or 
 an improved Jersey— although a dash of Short-horn blood is liked by a good many on account of their 
 ultimate destiny. 
 
 Wm. Elliot, West Williams, Middlesex : The dairy industry is extensive ; butter far exceeds cheese in 
 quantity. We have only the Short-horn grade. ' ■ 
 
 Thomas Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Fall pastures are rather poor this season. Live stock in general . 
 will be spmewhat thinner in condition this year than usual for winter feeding. The prospect of supplies of 
 all kinds of meat for the home market is good, but I think there will be fewer fed for the old country 
 market. The produce of the dairy this year is going to be small, compared, with other years, the dryness of 
 mid-summer being the chief cause of the shortage of the make of cheese, and little or no butter being made 
 during the cheese season. The Short-horn grades are the favorite breeds. There are some beginning to try 
 the Holstein grades. 
 
 E. H. Brown, E. Nissouri, Oxford : The grades with one or two crosses with other breeds are preferred." 
 Jerseys and Holsteins are being introduced. 
 
 Thos. Page, Wallace, Perth : Fall pastures have been quite fresh up to date, but now may be considered 
 exhausted. During the past wefek several droves of fat cattle, sheep and fat pigs have been sent away by 
 rail. Drovers are buying up everything available. 
 
 T. McCrae, Guelph, Wellington : Pastures very good. Live stock good where cared for ; others thin ; 
 feeding commenced for early sale for June ; mostly not yet tied up. Sheep and hogs— about the usual 
 quantity. Only one creamery — at the Model Farm— and it is said* to have done fafrly well. No cheese 
 made near here. 
 
 John Rea, Eramosa, Wellington : Pastures are poor owing to the dry weather in July and August, and 
 fields but short. Store cattle are thin for the season ; there will be a good number fed in winter, as turnips 
 are plentiful and grain is cheap. Hogs not plenty. There is no cheese factory in this township, as stock- 
 raising is well attended to. The only butter factory in this section is at the Model Farm, Guelim. Short- 
 horn grades are decidedly the favorites. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Pastures pretty good this month ; all stock rather thin. Fat cattle' 
 for export are stabled in stone basements about the 1st of November arid fed until the 15th of May. Sheep- " 
 and lambs nearly all sold at improved prices. No hogs fed for market except those fed on whey at the 
 factories. There are not so many cows kept as last year. Our butter factory is a failure ; they do not get 
 half the quantity of milk they used to get a few years ago. Our butter-makers invariably get first prizes at- 
 our Al shows. Grade Short-horns are mostly kept ; we are trying the Holsteins, but they don't fill the bill 
 any better than the grade Short-horns. 
 
 A. G. Muir, N. Grimsby, Lincoln : Fall pastures are generally good, and cattle look well ; few sheep 
 and hogs are grown. Not much interest taken in fattening stock except by a very few farmers. 
 ' John Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The pastures, owing to frequent rains and no frost, have been 
 very good. Live stock are in good condition and healthy looking. The farmers in this vicinity scarcely - 
 fatten any cattle until winter, as they all believe in stall-feeding, tor by so doing they get a better quality of < - 
 beef and at the same time, on account of the roots and (jparse grains being fed on the farm, the soil becomes- 
 richer and that in turn enriches the farmer. Butter alone is made in this vicinity. A factory was in 
 operation this year which gave very good satisfaction to the patrons, and a good quality Of butter to the 
 buyers. The Short-horn grades are about the only kind in this locality. 
 
37 
 
 W. C. Inglehart, Trafalgar, Haltoti : Pasture short ; progress of fattening slow ; plenty of store cattle 
 hut not many fat. Few sheep kept ; hogs well forward in fattening. The principal dairy industry in this 
 section is producing milk for the Toronto market. Still there is considerable excellent butter made, but 
 not much cheese. Grades of Durham and Ayrshire are the favorites. 
 
 Angus Ego, Georgina, York; Pastures are very poor this fall, owing to the dry weather this last summer, 
 and they have never recovered.^ Live stock are pretty thin ; grass-fed beef is not very good this season. 
 • Sheep' are some better ; they will do on short grass when cattl6 will not. Hogs are doing well, but rather 
 scarce ; many are taken avvay from this part ' ' alive, " and on foot. I am inclined to think the surplus of this 
 place wUl not be large. Butter is not over plentiful on account of the shortness of grass. I am only aware 
 of but one family that makes cheese ; and cheese factories there are none in the township. The prevailing 
 breeds are Short-horns and grades with common cows, although for dairy purposes they are rather inferior. 
 But the people here are very much given to raising beef. 
 
 N. A. MaUoy, Vaughan, York : Dairy industry in a depressed state by low prices. More attention 
 given to butter than cheese. Short-horn heretofore in most demand ; lately increased attention is being 
 given to Ayrshire, Jersey and Hereford breeds. 
 
 F. C. Sibbald, Georgina, York : No cheese factory in this township ; not much dairying done. Cattle 
 mostly bred for beef — almost altogether. Short-horns or grades between those and the common cow are the 
 favorites. 
 
 Henry Glendinning, Brock, Ontario : The condition of cattle in general is thin, owing to the drought 
 in the early part of the fall, which dried up the pastures. There will be a plentiful supply of cattle for 
 winter and spring markets. The dairy industry in this section is almost exclusively butter-making, and 
 that followed on the old plan of each farmer's wife makings- her own and believing it to be the best. The 
 whole system needs renovating ; the factory or creamery system should be established. 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario ; Pastures very poor. Live stock in rather poor condition off the grass. 
 The root and other crops beintr good, progress will be made in stall-feeding during the winter months, but 
 no cattle or sheep fit to sell off the grass. No hogs ready for market yet, not as many as usual being fed, as 
 prices have been ruling low. 
 
 Ei. Osborne, Clarke, Durham : Plenty of butter for home use, but no farmers go into butter-making 
 ■extensively in Clarke. We use the Short-horn grade more for beef than butter, but some of them are good 
 for the dairy. 
 
 Wm. Windatt, Darlington, Durham : We have had abundant rainfall since harvest, consequently 
 pastures are good and stock in good condition ; prospect of an abundant supply for market. 
 
 Wm. Lucas, Cartwright, Durham : Fall pastures are excellent ; cattle, sheep and hogs are in prime 
 ■condition, aid the prospect of supplies for market is good. There is neither a public dairy por cheese 
 factory in this township. The breeds of milch cows in most favor are Durhams and grade Durhams. 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland : Pastures very fair ; plenty of grass-fed cattle and sheep. 
 Hogs — sufficient being fed for home consumption. The dairy industry of Seymaur is principally cheese ; 
 will yield about $U per standard of 3,000 lbs. Milk —more than last year. 
 
 0. R. AlUspn, South Fredricksburg, Lennox : The dairy business is confined wholly to cheese in this 
 part, no butter being made, except before and after the cows are taken from the cheese factory. Short- 
 horns and Holsteins are being introduced . 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburg, Froutenao : Pastures were generally good, not as luxuriant as they often are, 
 but the herbage is sweet and stock look well. There are but small stocks of butter on hand ; the demand 
 has been equal to the supply. The cheese industry absorbs the milk supply to a large extent. The cows 
 .are mostly grades of Short-horns, Ayrshires and common Canadians, with some fancies. 
 
 Alexander Ritchie, Storringtou, Frontenac : The gentle raiiis and warm weather of September and 
 since made pastures good. Stock would have been in better condition if farmers had prepared for the 
 drought. They should have sown corn and other stuff for green feed. 
 
 D. J. Walker, Storrington, Frontenac : Pastures are excellent ; stock look well and are fattening well. 
 There will be a good supply of cattle, sheep and hogs for market. Butter is not made in any quantity ; 
 ■ ■cheese is all the rage ; every farmer patronizes the cheese factory. Ayrshire and grade milch cows are in 
 the greatest favor for dairies and give the best result. 
 
 M. Spoor, Wolf Island, Frontenac : Pasture the best for many years ; cattle and sheep are fattening 
 iast, affording a large supply for market. No hogs are raised, except for local consumption. Large quanti- 
 ties of butter are exported in comparison with cheese. There is but one cheese factory and that is open'but 
 four months in the year. The most popular cows are Ayrshire crossed with Devons. 
 
 Thomas Andrew, Kennebec, Frontenac : This is a good pasture county for cattle and sheep, especially 
 the latter ; sheep do well here ; from springs and lakes the country is well watered and pasture is plentiful. 
 
 Gideon Fairbairn, Edwardsbnrg, GrenviUe : Cheese is more remunerative than butter at present. The 
 iavorite cows are Ayrshires, although Holsteins appear to be coming in favor for the past two yearSi 
 
 John Ferguson, Wolford, GrenvUle : The condition of fall pastures is good ; live stock in fair condition, 
 that is cattle andsheep ; hogs are not raised here as largely as formerly, pork being so low farmers cannot 
 make it pay. The product of butter is very small as compared with cheese. We have threecheese factories 
 in this township manufacturing the milk of at least fifteen hundred cows ; butter would not be more than 
 •one-fourth of the dairy product. Holstein and Ayrshire are the breeds most m favor as milkers. The 
 Holstein bids fair just now to supersede all others. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : Fall pastures not as good as usual. Live stock in good order to 
 begin the winter ; sheep all marketed ; hogs in abundance, the supply exceeds the demand, In the dairy 
 business cheese is the sole production, no butter being made to any extent. Ayrshire and Short-horn mixed 
 ■seem to be the favorites here, as they serve for dairy purposes and beef at one raising. 
 
38 
 
 John Shields, West Hawksbury, Prescott : Not much butter is made here this season ; mostly cheese. 
 There are very few well bred cattle here, although a few of our farmers are purchasing some thoroughbreij 
 stock. Cannot say particularly what breeds are best liked here ; from what I can learn the Ayrshires are- 
 considered the best dairy cows ; the few who are raising (or beef prefer the Short-horns. 
 
 John McCleland, Darling, Lanark : Fall pastures look well. Live stock are not looking as well as 
 might be expected. The grass seems to be lacking in substance. Nearly all farmers in this township make, 
 butter, but a good many favor the cheese. There are no cheese factories here. 
 
 A. R. Kidd, Dummer, Peterboro : Owing to the plentiful rain fall, the pasture is splendid and, as a: 
 result, live stock of all kinds look well and the prospect is a good surplus for market. 
 
 James S. Caimduff, Harvey, Peterboro : Pastures very good this season ; the rain kept them green. 
 Live stock in good condition. V ery few fattening cattle here ; the drovers buy them up as stockers and 
 ship them south and west. Hardly enough sheep and hogs here for home consumption ; none for market. 
 
 Chas. R. Stewart, Dysart, Haliburton : Both pastures and live stock are in fair condition. Nearly all 
 the fat cattle have been sold. Sheep are net plentiful. No cheese made here. The export of butter has. 
 been very large. Short-horns or Durham grades are the best ; Polled Angus have just been introduced. 
 
 J. M. Ansley, McDougall, Parry Sound : Pastures good ; live stock in good condition. ' Owing to thfr 
 large rains and vast supply of water, cattle here fatten easily without any attention from owners. Sheep, 
 and hogs are scarce. There will be plenty of beef, but large quantities of pork must be imported. Dairy 
 produce (butter) low ; there is a good quality made, but a great portion would be culled very closely if put. 
 in competition with the better portions of Ontario. Our facilities for a supply are beyond the average,, 
 considering that there is abundance of pasture, feed and water, but quality is not what it should be. Cheese- 
 is not made in this vicinity. I would like to see_ the creamery butter system introduced here, as I believe; 
 it would tend to give a good quality of butter and increase the value of the dairy products of this district. 
 
 BEES AND HONEY. 
 
 The reports from the apiarists of the province are extremely contradictory as to the 
 success of their industry during the past season. Some correspondents state that the 
 honey yield has been an unusually large one, that bees have swarmed well and are in 
 fine condition for winter, while others in the same township complain that the very 
 opposite condition of things prevails. Taking the province as a whole, however, the 
 favorable reports are in a decided majority, and the yield of honey may be described as. 
 from fair to good. Bees generally came out of winter quarters in better condition thani 
 for several years back, though a few apiarists lost a large portion of their stocks owing 
 to the severity of the weather. The early part of the season was generally favorable to- 
 the production of honey, owing to the abundance of bloom of one kind and another, and 
 even in many places where the subsequent drought almost put an end to honey gathering, so 
 much had been stored in the time of plenty that both the bees and their owners will, 
 have a fairly good supply. Other apiarists, however, whose swarms were dependent on 
 buckwheat and other special blooms which completely failed in many places, were- 
 not so fortunate, and with them the supply will be deficient. Bees swarmed fairly well 
 in the early season and are now reported in good condition. The area of apiculture 
 appears to be extending in the province, notwithstanding that some old apiarists have- 
 given up the industry, owing to the fatality of recent winters, and the fact that the low 
 price of honey — eight to ten cents per pound is a figure frequently quoted — is very 
 generally complained of. 
 
 THRESHING AND MARKETING OF GRAIN. 
 
 -Farmers have had this year an unusually early harvest and an exceptionally finfr 
 fall to facilitate their work. As a consequence the threshing of grain of all sorts is 
 almost completed in every part of the province, except in some portions of the extreme 
 east and north, where it is customary to defer the work until sleighing sets in. The 
 marketing of grain, however, has by no means kept pace with the threshing, chiefly on 
 account of the very severe depression in prices. In most cases where farmers are able to- 
 hold their grain they decline to sell, living in hope of an improvement in prices during- 
 winter. Probably twenty-five per cent, of them, however, have been marketing at least 
 their wheat and barley, — some because they feared still further depression, and a great, 
 many more because they were in dire need of the cash. This diversity of opinion and 
 practice obtains equally in nearly all parts of the province, though, in the counties where 
 the greatest dependence is placed on barley, the marketing of that grain has been more 
 general than elsewhere. It may be said that in the great majority of cases where barley 
 
39 
 
 grades No. 1 it has either been or will shortly be disposed of, as the prevailing opinion 
 seems to be that the money return for it will be better in proportion than that brought 
 in by wheat. Discolored barley, which forms a considerable portion of the whole crop, 
 will be largely fed to stock. A good many correspondents aver, however, that it will not 
 pay to turn even the lower priced barley into beef at its present figure. Others state that 
 in their neighborhoods the farmers find it more profitable to sell barley and feed other 
 coarse grains. The abundant crop of pease and the low prices oflered for them influenced a 
 great inany in that direction. 
 
 Henry Botaford, Maiden, Essex ; Threshing is about finished, and large quantities of wheat are now 
 being marketed. 
 
 A. M. Wigle & Son, Gosfield, Essex ; Threshing and marketing are mostly done. Not much barley 
 will be fed ; it sells for a better iprioe. 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent ; Threshing is about done. Not much wheat marketed yet, but other 
 Irains nearly all marketed. Barley will not be much fed, as there is plenty of pease and corn. 
 
 Francis Gifford, Camden, Kent :A11 the threshing is done, but very little marketed owing to the low 
 price of wheat. Barley will not be much fed, as it is the only grain worth anything. 
 
 George Russell, Yarmouth, Elgin : Grain is mostly marketed. Barley being very low in price will be 
 fed to cattle. 
 
 Wm. W. Wells, Woodhouse, Norfolk: Wheat is now nearly all threshed. Yield small ; price smaller ; 
 anS amount in farmers pockets smallest. Barley will not be fed much. Demands on farmers pockets will 
 compel them to sell at 45c. to 50c. 
 
 Andrew Tumbull, Seneca, Haldimand : Wheat is all threshed, but very little marketed. Not much of 
 other grains marketed. Barley will be extensively fed, because of the very low price. 
 
 Alexander Reid, Crowland, Welland : Wheat is being m.arketod ; price very low. No marketing of 
 other grain. 
 
 Martin Wattson, Bosanquet, Lambton : Wheat buyers and threshers are busy. Not all threshed yet. 
 The same remarks apply to qther grains. Barley will be extensively fed, as the price is so very low— from 
 40 to 50 cents — and some is not fit to market. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Samia, Lambton : Threshing is about over for this season. Farmers are busy getting 
 their stuff to market. They are scared lest prices go even lower than they are now. 
 
 William Wight, Bosanquet, Lambton : Grain all threshed, but farmers are holding back as muoh as 
 they can. Prices cannot get worse, and may get better. Barley will not be fed to stock, because other 
 grains, pease, etc., are relatively cheaper for feeding purposes. 
 
 John Wright, Goderich, Huron : Threshing is all done in our neighborhood. Having an early harvest 
 and plenty of machines, farmers got their threshing done unusually early this fall. A good deal of barley 
 has been marketed ; also wheat and pease. 
 
 Henry Doupe, TJsborne, Huron : Wheat is moving very slowly to market ; farmers are still holding 
 back. There in not much barley in the country. It will mostly be fed on the farm to fattening,cattle and 
 piRs. 
 
 John Douglas, Arran, Bruce : Threshing is pretty well done and a good deal of wheat is marketed. 
 Barley is very low in price, which wiU tend to a large quantity being fed to the stock, which is a very good 
 way of marketing. 
 
 John B. Ritchie, Greenock, Bruce : A good deal of threshing done, but very little marketing. Fall 
 wheat is only 68c.; barley, 53«.; pease, 48o. It will pay better to feed barley than to sell it. 
 
 John McCallum, Bentinck, Grey : Threshing is pretty well dqne. There has not been much sold as yet 
 of any kind of grain. Barley is likely to be fed on the farm, as it is more profitable than to sell it at the 
 present market value. 
 
 Robert Dunlop, Euphrasia, Grey : Farmers have been busy threshing and marketing wheat and barley, 
 etc., etc. There will not be much barley fed on the farm this year, because barley is good and money scarce. 
 
 Charles Cross, Innisfil, Simcoe: Threshing pretty weU done. Very little wheat marketed. Barley 
 going out fast. Not much barley is likely to be fed, on account of the low price of cattle. 
 
 Thomas Porter, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : There is a good deal of threshing done, but very little market- 
 ing. I do not think there will be much barley fed, except some late barley that was caught by rams. Low 
 as prices are, I think most farmers will sell. 
 
 James Ross, Oro, Simcoe : Threshing of all kinds of grain is more than half /one. Farmers are holding 
 baKjk from marketing freely, in hopes of, or wishing for, better prices. A good deal of barley will be fed on 
 the farm, rather than sell at present prices. , , , j ^ j 
 
 Andrew Robinson, McGillivray, Middlesex : Wheat and barley are mostly all threshed and a great dea 
 of them sold. There will not be much barley fed, as there is plenty of pease and oats. 
 
 J. Grimason, Oaradoo, Middlesex : Threshing and marketing of wheat, barley and other grams 
 pro^;esin7very favorably. I think a good deal of barley will be fed on the farm, owing to there being 
 so little demand for beer. 
 
 Wm Watcher, North Dorchester, Middlesex : Threshing pretty, well done. Farmers are slow m 
 marketTng-pricesaretoolowfor wheat. Barley, bright and plump, is fetching a fair price; will feed 
 oats in preference to barley at present prices. 
 
40 
 
 Robert Leak, Bast Oxford, Oxford : Threshing all done, but comparatively little marketed yet, except, 
 perhaps, barley. When barley goes over a cent per pound we can get cheaper feed in pease and corn. 
 
 Wm. Innes, West Zorra, Oxford : Threshing is generally done about this time of year, but marketing 
 is done in the winter season. Barley is not much fed on the farm ; oats and pease are better. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantford, Brant : Threshing is about over, but no on6 that can hold his grain will sell 
 at the prices now offered. A little wheat and barley is going to market to raise money to pay debts. Not 
 much barley fed, as pease are a good crop and only worth here 48 cents per bushel. 
 
 George FoUis, Wallace, Perth : Threshing is nearly all done ; not much sold. Good barley is mostly 
 sold, but colored will be nearly all fed, and that will be about one-fourth of the crop. 
 
 Thos. Steele, Downie, Perth : Wheat is pretty well threshed out and considerable marketed. Barley, 
 I think, is mostly sold. Barley is not fed, as pease have done well for two years, and farmers prefer them 
 to barley for fattening. 
 
 John Rea, Eramosa, Wellington : Since the steam threshing began, threshing is mostly done in the fall, 
 and this year it was earlier than usual. Pall wheat is mostly sold. Barley has been sold, as it sells higher 
 in proportion than other grain. Not much barley will be fed, as the price is fair. 
 
 _ James Connell, Minto, Wellington : A considerable amount of coarse grain will be required for feed,» 
 owing to the scarcity of fodder. 
 
 Robt. Cromar, Pilkington, Wellington : Very little threshing and marketing has been done, prices are 
 so low. Good barley will De sold, and dark-colored fed to stock. 
 
 Levi Witmer, Waterloo, Waterloo : Threshing is mostly finished. Barley will be mostly fed to stock 
 and disposed of in the way of beef, except No. 1 barley, of which there is very little. 
 
 Alex. Rannie, Wellesley, Waterloo : About half the crops are threshed, and about a third sold. Pease 
 being a very good crop, there will not be so much barley fed. 
 
 Robert Dickson, East Luther, Uufferin : Threshing is about all done, and the grain is going to market 
 fast. Considerable barley will be fed, as the color is bad and the prices low. 
 
 James Stull, Grantham, Lincoln : Threshing is about done. Wheat is not half marketed yet. There 
 is a very poor market for barley, which will be mostly fed on the farm. Oats will be about enough for home 
 consumption. 
 
 W. M. Calder, Glanford, Wentworth : Threshing is about completed. Not a great deal of marketing 
 done, or to do, unfortunately. There is always some barley fed, and this year there will probably be about 
 the usual quantity, which is not very considerable. 
 
 George Hart, Saltfleet, Wentworth : Threshing is all done. Most farmers have come to the conclu- 
 sion that it does not pay to hold their grain, and are marketing early. Very little barley will be fed. 
 
 Edwin Dalton, Nelson, Halton : Threshing is mostly done. Grain is not being, marketed very freely. 
 There will not be much barley fed, as it is of good quality. 
 
 J. Murray, Esquesing, Halton : Well-to-do farmers are holding their wheat. Bright barley is being 
 marketed. Colored barley will be fed on the farm. i 
 
 W. J. Dods, Caledon, Peel : Threshing is pretty well through, but not much marketing done ; prices 
 are too low. Not much barley will be fed, as it is nearly all a good sample, and will be sold. 
 
 Wm. McKay, Toronto, Peel : Threshing is mostly done, but not much grain has been sold. People are 
 waiting to see if prices will improve. 
 
 George Evans, jr., Georgina, York : The bulk of all kinds of grain is now threshed. The barley is 
 nearly all marketed and a considerable quantity of wheat. Not much barley will be fed on the farm ; the 
 quality being good, it will pay better to sell the barley and feed other coarse grains. 
 
 Wm. W. Findlay, Scarboro', York : As near as I can judge, about four-fifths of the threshing is done, 
 and marketing, say about one-fourth of wheat and barley. Considerable colored barley may be fed if it will 
 not sell for, say, 50 cents per bushel. 
 
 Hy. Glendinning, Brock, Ontario ; The bulk of threshing is done, and most of the barley is marketed, 
 but a large quantity of wheat is yet in the hands of the farmers. There will not be much barley fed, owing 
 to its being nearly all of a good quality, and pease can be bought for about the same per bushel as barley; 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Mara, Ontario : Threshing is nearly all done about here. Marketing is only being done 
 as the need for money compels. Some barley will have to be fed on the farms because of the. low price, and 
 ' some which was damaged in the bin since threshing is getting too high a color. 
 
 James Parr, Cartwright, Durham : Threshing is mostly done, and a large portion of the barley marketed. 
 Very little wheat or other grain except barley sold yet. Considerable barley will be fed this year on account 
 of low prices. 
 
 James Roberts, Alnwick, Northumberland : The grain is nearly all threshed, but only those who are 
 compelled have sold, because of the low prices. Barley will be largely fed on account of low price. 
 
 W. J. Westington, Hamilton, Northumberland : Threshing Is nearly all done, but very little done in 
 marketing. Barley is about half marketed. Barley will not be fed, as it is in price higher than other grain 
 in proportion to its value. 
 
 Andrew M. Haight, Hallowell, Prince Edward : Threshing is nearly all done, but little of the grain 
 has been marketed, as there is no price yet. There may be considerable barley fed if prices do not rise 
 before long, as it is getting late. 
 
 J. B. Aylesworth, Newburgh, Lennox & Addington : Not much wheat for sale. Farmers are holding 
 their barley, as prices are not high enough to satisfy them. No doubt more will be fed than usual. 
 
41 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburgh, Frontenao : Threshing has been going on for the past month, and marketing 
 ia beginning, but farmers are loth to sell at present rates. There is not likely to be much barley fed, as the 
 price of beef cattle is not favorable. ' 
 
 John Ferguson, Wolford, Grenville : Threshing is more tha» half done. There is no grain marketed 
 yet, as there is no sale for grain of any kind. Barley and other coarse grains will be largely fed on the 
 farm, as it will pay better to feed it to dairy stock than to sell at present prices. 
 
 S. Edgar, Kitley, Leeds : Wheat is threshed but not marketed. About 75 per cent, of the barley is 
 lireshed, and a good proportion marketed. Barley will be largely fed, for fattening purposes. 
 
 James CoUiaon, Matilda, Dundas : There is not much wheat above the amount needed for home con- 
 isumption. Threshing is about, through. Barley will not be fed, as it is very good in price. 
 
 R. Anderson, Cornwall, Stormont : There is not any great quantity of the grain threshed yet. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Threshing is hurried on, but there is no market yet for grain, 
 ■except at a very low price. A good deal of barley is likely to be used on the farm this winter to fatten 
 stock. 
 
 P. Gareau, N. Plantagenet, Presoott : Threshing and marketing of all grains have gone on vfery briskly, 
 and a great part of it sold. Barley is not likely to be fed to any extent. 
 
 Alfred Hill, Cumberland, Russell : Farmers are busy threshing their grain, but do not like to market 
 at the present low price. Barley is generally fed on the farm. ' 
 
 John O'Callaghan, North Gower, Carleton : Threshing is about half done. Most of the barley is 
 threshed for provender. As there were less pease sown this year barley is needed for feed. 
 
 "William Selkirk, Petewawa, Renfrew : Threshing will be all dbne in this township in about ten days 
 from now. Markets are slack for all grains. 
 
 E. Chalmers, Montague, Lanark : A good deal of the threshing has been done. Verj^ little grain hag 
 been sold. Mostly all the barley will be fed. 
 
 John Fell, sr., Somerville, Victoria: Wheat has not been pushed on the market except by needy 
 farmers who have payments to meet. Barley is considerably marketed, but some are holding. Much of the 
 -colored barley will be consumed at home. 
 
 William Armstrong, Otonabee, Peterborough : Very little wheat is threshed yet, but the barley is all 
 threshed and is selling now. Some oats have been threshed for feed. There will not be much barley fed 
 this year, as beef is likely to be low. 
 
 James S. Cairnduff, Harvey, Peterborough : Wheat is mostly threshed out. Barley and pease are 
 threshed out, but none marketed of any consequence. Farmers are busy with fall ploughing and securing 
 roots, and have not marketed yet. Barley is a good sample, and no't much wiU be fed out on the farm on 
 that account. 
 
 Ddn. Williams, Glamorgan, Haliburton : Threshing is now going on. All wheat raised is needed for 
 home consumption. The same may be said of barley and pease, but of oats there will be a large surplus. 
 Barley is all needed for stock, and a large quantity is stained. 
 
 J. C. Hanley, Tyendinaga, Hastings : Wheat is mostly threshed ; none marketed ; very little surplus. 
 Very little barley marketed. Not much barley fed; although it ia low, other coarse grains and beef are 
 low also. 
 
 Henry W. Gill, Watt, Muskoka : Thteshiug is now going on. Not much marketing can be done till 
 winter. Barley at the present price is likely to be kept for home use. Farmers are beginning to estimate it 
 at its true value for feed. 
 
 R. Blair, Carling, Parry Sound : Pretty well through with threshing. It pays better to feed barley to 
 stock than to send it so far to market. 
 
 Thos. Flesher, Assiginack, Algoma : Threshing of wheat is pretty well over. Barley is very little grown. 
 
 FALL PLOUGHING. 
 
 "With the exception of the more westerly of the Lake Erie counties, portions of the 
 county of Lincoln and large areas in the northern districts of the province, fall ploughing 
 ia further advanced than at the corresponding period for many years back. Generally 
 speaking, the land is reported to be in fine condition for the plough, the weather very ' 
 favorable for work, and as a consequence an unusually large area will be turned over, 
 especially if the fall should continue open. Many farmers had finished their ploughing 
 at the date of the returns ; a considerable number had done more or less cross ploughing, 
 'while a few had even entered upon a third course. In the northern districts ploughing is 
 pretty generally reported to be backward, owing to the wetness of the land since harvest, 
 and an occasional complaint of the same kind comes from other parts of the province. In 
 portions of Lambton county, on the other hand, the land is reported to be very dry and 
 hard, although this circumstance does not appear to have prevented an unusually large 
 amount of ploughing being done in that county. 
 
42 
 
 LABOR AND WAGES. 
 
 The replies of correspondents to the questions addressed to them under this head 
 show clearly that the tendencies of the agricultural labor market which have been 
 repeatedly noted in the various reports of the Bureau for some years back are still increas- 
 ing, though some modification in the assigned causes is noticeable. To the first question, 
 Was the supply of farm laborers equal to the demand this year ? the replies are almost 
 unvaryingly in the affirmative. The exceptions are few and far between, and are generally 
 attributed to local or incidental causes. Occasionally the remark is made that though 
 ordinary laborers are abundant, the more or less skilled labor -which is required for special 
 branches of farm work, such, for instance, as draining, fencing, etc., is scarce. To the 
 second question. Is the rate of wages likely to rise or fall, and why? the replies are not 
 quite so uniform. The large majority of correspondents predict very positively a decline in 
 .wages, basing their opinion on the low price of nearly all kinds of agricultural produce, 
 and the still increasing application of labor saving machinery to the ' operations of the 
 farm. A comparatively small number state that wages are likely to remain stationary, 
 ■while a few correspondents in particular localities predict a rise, as the result usually 
 of their peculiar position or circumstances, such as proximity to lumber woods, 
 factory towns, public works in contemplation or under construction, etc. It is 
 proper to say, however, that with regard to one of these competitors for labor — 
 the lumber industry — correspondents in some localities which have hitherto felt 
 its influence on the labor market declare that it will be felt less this season thaa 
 formerly, owing to the exhaustion of the timber supply or the dulness of trade. 
 Unless, therefore, a general rise in the price of agricultural produce should super- 
 vene, there appears to jpe little likelihood that the rate of wages will rise, to say 
 the least. The third question had reference to the supply of domestic servants, and 
 practically the five hundred correspondents of the Bureau make but one reply. From 
 nearly every township in the province the answer is, " Scarce — can't be had for love or 
 money ; " or, more strictly speaking, for money, for, as will be seen by the appended 
 extracts, the disinclination of girls in the country to engage in domestic work seems to 
 depend a good deal on the nature of the contract. The various reasons assigned by farmers 
 for the prevailing aversion to domestic service on the farm are also indicated in the 
 remarks by correspondents. 
 
 John Warnock, Tilbury West, Essex : There were plenty of farm laborers but they seem to hold out 
 for big wages or they won't work ; wages must fall. Of domestic servants there are none, but plenty and 
 to spare to marry. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Earm labor was plentiful. Wages are not likely to rise for some time, owing 
 to low prices and the supply of farm machinery. Domestic servants not very plenty. 
 
 L. E. Vogler, Zone, Kent : Yes, the sujjply was equal to the demand. Wages will fall on account of 
 labor saving machines. It is almost impossible to get any domestic servants ; girls go to the United States 
 (Detroit) ; better wages given. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Supply equal to demand. I think wages must fall because farm 
 products have fallen ; if farm products continue at present market prices farm laborers' wages must come 
 down accordingly, or farmers will be compelled to cease hiring. Domestic servants scarce. 
 
 L. M. Brown, S. Dorchester, Elgin : Supply and demand about equal. Remembering the fate of 
 Wiggins and most other prophets, I will be cautious about predicting. When times generally improve, 
 wages will go up. Low prices have caused farmers to seed down more raise less corn and roots, and gener- 
 ally hire less help on their farms. Self-binders h^ve permanently lo\ sred harvest wages ; their ultimate 
 effect will be merely to equalize wages through the season. 
 
 Jabel Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : I heard of no farmers being stuck in the harvest for the want of 
 hands, but good farm laborers are never a drug in the market. Wages are not likely to rise while the 
 price of farm produce is so low. It is difficult to obtain good servant girls to work on the farm ; the town 
 IS their element. 
 
 Robt. Watson, Windham, Norfolk : Supply about equal to the demand on account of so many binders 
 in use. Wages are not likely to rise as farmers are paying higher wages than the price of grain would 
 warrant them. Domestic servants are scarce. 
 
 J. R. Martin, N. Cayuga, Haldimand ; The supply fully equaled the demand. I think wages have got 
 to a stand. The extensive use of improved machinery tends strongly, added to immigration, to keep them 
 down. Domestic servants, of the proper kind especially, are yet much in demand. 
 
 tS£- 
 
 Joseph Martindale, Oneida, Haldimand : Farm laborers plentiful. Wages will come lower ; seU-binders^ 
 giving great satisfaction, and also horse hay forks. Domestic servants are scarce. 
 
43 
 
 John A. Law, Stamford, Welland : The supply of farm laborers was not equal to the demand. 
 Ddmeetic servants scarce and wages high. Wages are likely to fall on account of the low prices of grain 
 and other farm produce. 
 
 G. -H. Robertson, Wainfleet, Welland ; Supply of domestic servants limited, largely owing to false ideas 
 of respectability among women. 
 
 Wm. Young, Plympton, Lambton : Twice the number of farm hands would find employment at say 
 $15 per month, but farmers prefer to do less work than pay $20 to $25. Good men will always get good 
 wages, and if produce brougnt a better price wages would be higher. Domestic servants none to get. 
 
 John R. Smith, Plympton, Lambton : The supply of farm hands seems to be equal to the demand. 
 Wages have been lowered through harvesting to jJl.OO per day, owing to the self-binder, which is going to 
 be tn« farmer's best friend. Female domestic servants appear to be very scarce. 
 
 John Dallas, Bosanquet, Lambton : The supply of farm laborers was equal to the demand. As to th« 
 rate of wages rising or falling, I cannot rive a decided opinion, but on account of the low prices of produce 
 I don't see anything in the near future to warrant an advance. There is always a demand for domestic 
 servants. 
 
 Robt. Fleck, Moore, Lambton : Yes, supply equal to the demand. I think wages will not rise inas" 
 much as the use of improved implements lightens harvest work, and that has been the principal demand for 
 laborers. Domestic servants very scarce. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuckersmith, Huron : Supply about equal to the demand, but there is a scarcity 
 of certain kinds of what may be termed skilled labor— drainers and fencers for instance. Owing to the low 
 price of farm produce I think wages will follow suit. If not, improvements will not be carried on to 
 the same extent as formerly. Domestic servants scarce, and bad quality at that. 
 
 Jno. Scott, Howick.yHuron : Supply equal to the demand. The rates of wages will remain as they 
 have been for the last year, unless the price of farm products rises or falls : undoubtedly wages will 
 rise or fall in sympathy with the price of produce. There is a scarcity of domestic servants through the 
 summer, but those who employ for the whole year find no difficulty in getting the requisite supply. 
 
 Jas. Tolton, Brant, Bruce : Plenty of farm laborers— all that were required. Self-binders being in pretty 
 general use and other labor saving machines, wages I think will remain about as they are ; present prices of 
 grain are too low for wages to advance. Domestic servants are scarce. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : There did not appear to be the same demand for labor this year as usual, 
 particularly in harvest. The supply was sufficient. Wages are not likely to increase unless there is a boom 
 m farm produce. Farmers are paying more attention to stock raising, where less help is required. Domes- 
 tic servants are scarce. 
 
 Peter Reid, Kinloss, Bruce : Supply of domestic servants equal to demand this year, as many who 
 formerly employed domestic, are deterred from doing so by the wages asked. 
 
 W. Totten, Keppel, Grey : The supply of farm laborers was equal to the demand. I do not think 
 wages wiU rise, the price of all kinds 6f grain is too low and farmers will be forced to proceed cautiously. 
 Domestic servants are scarce and in good demand. 
 
 Joseph Townsend, Sullivan, Grey : Supply equal to demand. Wages around here I think will rise. 
 There are quite a number of young men gone to the States, and unless there is some influx men will be 
 scarcer and require more pay. The supply of domestic servants is generally up to the demand. 
 
 Geo. Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : The supply was equal to the demand. Wages more likely to fall than 
 rise ; because, 1st, of the very low price of farm produce ; 2nd, hitherto a large number of men have been 
 employed here in the timber business, which has now played out,- and they will have to turn to farm work. 
 
 S. P. Zavitz, Lobo, Middlesex : Supply about equal to demand. Wages have by no means lowered 
 as produce has, and if produce does not rise wages must lower, or farmers will do with less. 
 
 Peter Stewart, W. Williams, Middlesex : The supply of farm hands was equal to the demand. Wages 
 win fall I think, as grain is low in price, in comparison with other prices, and our labor-saving machines are 
 becoming more perfect and more numerous. Domestic servants scarce. 
 
 James A. Glen, Westminster. Middlesex : There was plenty of laborers. The season was very favorable 
 to outdoor work and the harvest was light and easily handled. Wages will fall as we have more labor-saving 
 implements, and there is less tillage every year, and less pay for what is tilled. This section is fast becoming 
 a pasture field. Domestics are still scarce, and that the scarcity has come to stay seems certain. 
 ""W." D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : Supply equal to demand. Wages rise during the fall and a 
 great part of the summer, but will rule low during winter and harvest. The reason can be given in a few- 
 words : improved harvest machinery and very little chopping to be done in winter. Each cause will have a. 
 tendency to send surplus labor to where work can be found. 
 
 Thos Baird, Blandford, Oxford : Farm help was never more plentiful, the supply being more than 
 sufficient for the demand. Wages must come down ; they are too high m proportion to the price of grain 
 and as a consequence they must be lower yet for farmers to live. Domestics are scarce. 
 
 H. Chisholm, Brantford, Brant: Wages must fall ; the supply is greater then the demand, and besides 
 farmers cannot afford to pay high wages when grain is selling at such a low figure. 
 
 John Campbell, Blanshard, Perth : There was no scarcity of farm laborers. Wages must fall on account 
 of low prices. Domestics are scarce. 
 
 Duncan Stewart, N. Easthope, Perth: Servants giris are scarce and many are disgusted with 
 farming, when produce is so low that even when their wives and daughters are slaved and their lives 
 shortened by everlasting work they are only by the utmost economy able to make both ends meet. A change 
 has got to come or so many will leave the farm that the cities and towns will grow and need so much that 
 the farmers left will get enough for their produce so they can get a living by working only as hard and aa 
 long as the town mechanic or laborer, whose present agitation is injuring the farm. 
 
44 
 
 ■William Whitelaw, Guelph, Wellington : Supply about equal to the demand. For first-class workmen, 
 wages in my opinion will continue at about the present rate, aa the demand for such seems to increase over 
 the supply. But inferior no dbubt will fall as the price of all kinds of farm produce is so low, and the 
 demand for such labor is not great. Domestic servants not to be got for either love or money. f 
 
 J. W. Gilmour, Peel, Wellington : The supply of farm laborers was at all times equal to the demand 
 this year. If the supply continues as great as it is at present the rate of wages will go down, on account of 
 the low price of grain and tihe number of binders introduced. 
 
 Edward Halter, Waterloo, Waterloo : No scarcity of laborers this year, and prices show a decline. 
 Self-binders are increasing, which saves laborers. The only scarcity is in domestic servants. 
 
 Henry Liersoh, Wllmot, Waterloo ; Supply sufficient for demand. Domestic servantaare notsuflScient 
 for supply ; females cannot be had, as factories employ too many ; a corset factory advertises again for 100 
 females in Berlin. 
 
 Christian T. G-roh, Waterloo, Waterloo : The supply of laborers was equal to the demand. Wages will 
 likely remain as they have been. Self-binders are reducing the numb* of hands required on farm in 
 harvest, but new industries are springing up in villages, giving employment to all. Domestic servants are 
 scarce; all prefer working in factories to the farm. They will only consent to work on farm for a 
 home for the future. 
 
 John H. Lindebury, Clinton, Lincoln : Farm labor sufficient but not too plentiful. Wages should 
 not rise, for at present the men are doing better than their. boss. Domestics are scarce and independent. 
 
 Robert Shearer, Niagara, Lincoln : Supply equal to demand. I do not know if wages will rise or fall, 
 but one thing is certain : if prices do not rise fanners cannot much longer hire at present rates, or they will 
 have to change places with their men. Supply of domestic servants not at all equal to the demand. 
 
 George Hart, Saltfleet, Wentworth : The supply was hardly equal to the demand. The rate of wages 
 will have to come down on account of the low price of all farm produce. Domestic servants are scarce. 
 
 Joseph SnaadeU, W. Flamboro, Wentworth : Supply equal to demand. Wages must fall on account of 
 the price of grain. ' Domestic servants very hard to get, that is good ones ; if so, the first year they soon get 
 ^educated and become a nuisance. Under the present system of education it is considered— or the most of 
 the servants consider— that it is derogatory to work. First cause, — seeking to educate the masses up to one 
 standard. Whj not try and make your Clyde horses trot in 2.10, or your cows to dance the polka or pigs to 
 sing " Rule Britannia " ? 
 
 John Shaw, Esquesing, Halton : The supply of farm laborers was quite sufficient. I think that the 
 rate of wages is more likely to fall than rise— because prices of produce are low and labor-saving machinery 
 is getting more generally used. There is a scarcity of good domestic servants. 
 
 W. T. PatuUo, Caledon, Peel : The supply of farm laborers was sufficient. The rate of wages, in all 
 probability will fall, as there are numerous labor-saving machines being used now, as the country is getting 
 well cleared up— and the prices of all kinds of farm produce being unremunerative will also tend to lower 
 "wages. Domestic servants are a little too scarce, but not to a great extent. 
 
 James H. Newlove, Albion, Peel : Supply sufficient, although fliore would have been engaged had 
 wages not been so high. Wages likely to fall as farmers cannot afford to pay the wages heretofore paid on 
 account of the low price of grain. Scarcely any domestic servants to be had for money — plenty for love. 
 
 Angus Ego, Georgina, York : There were plenty of farm laborers this year. The self-binder has been 
 the means of making labor easy to get, and at reasonable wages. In my opinion, wages must come down 
 still further, on account of produce being so cheap. Domestic servants are very scarce ; all the young-girla 
 in the country seem to want employment some other way besides working on the farm. That sort of work 
 is not considered fashionable enough now for the young girls of our country. 
 
 E. Lanigan, Mara, Ontario : The supply of farm laborers was not equal to the demand this year. The 
 rate of wages is likely to rise. Domestic servants scarce. 
 
 R. Forsyth, Pickering, Ontario : Plenty domestic servants, but a great many not worth their board ; 
 waste more than they earn. 
 
 H. A. Walker, Hope, Durham : Farm labor sufficient for the demand. Wages must come down ; 
 farmers can't pay the wages — better leave a portion of their work undone. Domestic servants can't be got ; 
 plenty want to get married. 
 
 Wm. Lucas, Cartwright, Durham : There is an abundant supply of farm laborers, and little prospect of 
 a rise in wages. The supply of female domestic servants is limited. 
 
 David Allan, Seymour, Northumberland ; Laborers have been sufficient. Wages are likely to keep up, 
 there being a good demand for shantymen. Domestic servants— very short supply. 
 
 Piatt. Hinman, Haldimand, Northumberland : Through the time of using machines there was plenty 
 labor at fair prices, but scarce for threshing, gathering roots and fruit, and fall plowing. Wages will not 
 rise ; times cause many farmers to work hard to save men's wages and some impudence from the men. 
 Domestic servants scarce, scarce, scarce— all ladies. 
 
 George N. Rose, N. Marysburgh, Prince Edward : A little scarce through harvest, but about equal the 
 rest of the year. Wages will fall if anything, because farm produce is so low that farmers cannot afford to 
 pay any more than at present. Domestic servants scarce ; in fact can hardly be got for love or money. 
 
 C. R. Allison, S. Fredericksburg, Lennox ; The supply of farm labor has been sufficient with the 
 improved machinery now in use. I think that wages must come down if the present very low price of farm 
 produce continues. 
 
 Robert Anglin, Pittsburgh, Frontehac : Farm labor sufficient ; farmers in general doing the work 
 within themselves, improved machinery enabling them to do so. Binders and sulky plows are much in 
 vogue. Domestic servants much wanted— very scarce ; entering into housekeeping on their own account 
 keeps the supply short. 
 
45 
 
 M. Spoor, Wolfe Island, Trontenac : Supply not equal to demand. Wages, likely to rise— caused by 
 scarcity of laborers and combinations. Domestic servants scarce and wages very high. 
 
 John Elkington, M.D., Palmerston, Frontenao : Supply equal to demand. Wages likely to fall, the 
 mines and mills having closed and the lumber merchants having only put in half the shanties this year. 
 
 Arehd. Knight, Kingston, Frontenao : Supply ecjual to demand for the most part of the year. Wages 
 are likely to be lower unless there will be a large amount of public works going on, for the farmer cannot 
 pay high wages at the price farm produce is bringing. Domestic servants very scarce ; about ' one-half of 
 what are wanted. , > 
 
 John C. Stafford, Leeds and Lansdowne Rear, Leedp : The supply of farm laborers adequate. Wages 
 likely to fall on account of^ improved machinery being introduced. The supply of girls as domestics i? not 
 equal to the demand, but if you want to marry they are plenty. 
 
 Wm. Y. Newman, Oxford, Grenville ; The supply of farm laborers was fully equal to the demand. 
 The rate of wages is likely to fall ; improved machinery takes the place of manual labor. The supply of 
 domestics is far short of the demand. 
 
 E. L. White, Winchester, Dundas : Laborers scarce. Wages likely to remain about the same. Domestic 
 servants can't be obtained ; girls all seeking for shop work. 
 
 James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : Farm lS,borers are easily obtained and the rate ' of wages for 
 domestic servants is likely to be lower. I hear those that are in need grumble at their demands. 
 
 James' Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry ; Supply equal to demand. The rate of wages is not likely to fall, a,a 
 the Ontario and Quebec Railway is being built through our county and consequently commands the supply 
 of extra labor. Domestic servants scarce ; plenty of girls, but few servants. 
 
 James Suroh, South Plantagenet, Prescott : The supply of farm laborers was sufficient for the demand, 
 although many left in the latter part of June. The rate of wages is not likely to rise as the timber busi- 
 ness is dull. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, West Hawkesbury, Prescott : Yes, the supply was enough for the demand through 
 this year. I think wages will remain about as they are this fall. The supply of domestic servants is very 
 limited, as mostly all the young women go off to the cities. 
 
 James Sieveright, Gloucester, Oarleton : There has been a fair supply of farm laborers at the usual 
 wages. Wages are not likely to rise. There is a fair supply of domestic servants. 
 
 Isaac Wilson, March, Garleton : Farm laborers plentiful this year on account of self-binders working 
 satisfactorily. Wages must come down. Domestics scarce. 
 
 Wm. Doyle, Osgoode, Garleton : There were plenty of farm laborers. Wages are no,t apt to go any 
 higher. Farmers would not be able to pay higher wages on account of all farm produce selling so low, and 
 so many labor-saving machines coming into use. 
 
 H. A. Schultz, Sebastopol, Renfrew : Supply equal to demand. >Wages are not very apt to fall, as 
 long as work on railroads is to be had, for a great ma,ny laborers prefer that to farm work. 
 
 Peter Anderson, McNab, Renfrew : Wages likely to fall ; lumbering operations are not as brisk as. 
 usual. Domestic servants scarce. 
 
 Wm. Paterson, Eamsay, Lanark : Supply plentiful, except for digging drains. Wages likely to fall, , 
 owing to machinery. Domestic servants not to be had. 
 
 , J. A. Jackson, Eldon, Victoria : The supply was quite equal to the demand. The rate of wages may 
 not fall much, but I feel sure that it won't rise for some years, on account of the universal use of machinery 
 and the low price of grain. Supply of domestic servants not equal to the demand. 
 
 Thos. Tellford, Ennismore, Peterboro : Supply equal to demand. Wages will fall because, with present 
 prices, we cannot contend with the west ; more machinery will be used, the rough land let go to' pasture 
 and fewer hands will be required. . Domestic servants sufficient. 
 
 D. Galloway, Lutterworth, Haliburton : The supply of farm laborers was equal to the demand. I see- 
 no reason why wages should rise or faU. No enquiry for domestic servants. ' 
 
 Geo. Monro. Tyendinaga, Hastings : Supply of farm laborers equal to the demand. Rate of wages 
 must fall unless there is a change in the price of farm produce. Supply of domestic servants plenty m this, 
 part. 
 
 Donald Grant, Monek, Muskoka : Supply hardly equal to 'demand and so wages were higher than 
 usual. Likely to rise, as the lumber business is giving higher wages this winter. Domestic servants very 
 scarce. 
 
 A. Wiancko, Morrison, Muskoka : In regard to supply of farm laborers I heard no complaint. Wages: 
 are rising, cause : demand for shantymen (lumbering). No lack of domestic servants. 
 
 UNDER-DRAINING. 
 
 It is gratifying to learn that the interest in under-drainage is rapidly extending and 
 that, during the present season, the reports indicate a large increase over last year in 
 the amount done, as well as in the number of tile yards and ditching machines in 
 operation. Counties such as York, which introduced this form of farm improvement at 
 a comparatively early date, have been continuing the work at a steady pace, and in the 
 newer counties of Middlesex and Lambton great enterprise is exhibited. _ Tile yards in 
 these counties, as well as in portions of Huron and Elgin, are taxed to their full capacity 
 
46 
 
 and new ones are opening. A Tuckersmifch (Huron) correspondent's statement, that his 
 man on arriving at the yard at sunrise has, morning after morning, found thirty to forty 
 teams there before him, furnishes an indication of the vigor with which drainage improve- 
 ment is being pushed in a few counties. All the Lake Huron counties are making sub- 
 stantial progress, though Lambton shows the most general activity. The greatest draw- 
 back is the supply of tiles, which for some localities have to be drawn long distances. 
 Stone and lumber are chiefly used in parts of Huron and Bruce. Excepting in Elgin 
 very little under-draining has been done in the Lake Erie counties. In the central and 
 eastern parts of Elgin a large amount of tile has been laid this season and several 
 machines are employed. Some activity is reported also from localities in Essex and 
 Kent ; many parts of Norfolk are sandy and rolling and require but little drainage. In 
 Haldimand and Welland, where it is much needed, almost nothing is being done. Middle- 
 sex leads the West Midland counties and perhaps the Province in the quantity of land 
 improved by under-drainage during the season. Nearly every township shows a large 
 addition to the drained area, and a keener interest in the work is manifested than in 
 previous years. Labor in some localities is scarce and not many machines have yet 
 been introduced. In Oxford as much draining has been done as in any previous year, 
 in spite of a scarcity of skilled labor ; tile has been abundant. Brant and Perth are 
 making fair progress in draining, and in some townships of the latter county several 
 machines are used. In Waterloo the yards, though busy, are unable to keep up to the 
 large demands made upon them. Skilled drainers are also scarce, but machines are being 
 introduced and are giving good satisfaction. In a few localities of Wellington much 
 progress has been made, but common farm laborers object to digging drains and in the 
 county generally the work is neglected. South Simcoe appears to be the only portion of 
 the Georgian Bay district which gives much attention to drainage, and there machines 
 have been introduced and much land has been tiled. In North Simcoe stone and wood 
 are used for the little draining that is done. The Lake Ontario counties show a fair 
 record of improvement. In parts of Lincoln the need for under-drainage is slight, but 
 even on the " mountains " where clay soil predominates, little draining is done. In a 
 few localities in Wentworth fair progress has been made. Halton reports no draining 
 and Peel but little, except in the eastern part of the county. Markham was axiongst 
 the first townships in York to engage extensively in under-draining and the work there 
 and in a few other localities is being pushed both by manual labor and machines, 
 though dryness of the soil has impeded work, and tile has not been plentiful. In 
 Georgina it has to be drawn a long distance. In parts of Ontario tile is abundant 
 and in others is obtained only by long carriage ; and in that county little draining 
 has been done during the season, even where needed most. In Durham, Northumber- 
 land and Prince Edward, very little progress is reported. In the East Midland 
 counties little draining is done, except in Eldon and Mariposa (Victoria), and in the 
 extreme south of Peterboro and Hastings. In the latte* county a few machines are 
 used, but tile is scarce. Of the St. Lawrence counties Lennox reports considerable pro- 
 gress, in spite of a scarcity of drainage supplies. In Frontenac tiles are coming into more 
 general use, and machines have been introduced in the southern townships where good pro- 
 gress has been made this year. In Elizabethtown and Kitley (Leeds and Grenville) con- 
 siderable work has been done, tiles having been brought all the way from Toronto ; 
 machines also are being introduced. Further east, though under-draining is much required 
 in many sections, Lancaster is the only township reporting any activity. In the Ottawa 
 district progress is reported from Fitzroy, in Oarleton, Ramsay, in Lanark, and McNab, 
 in Renfrew. Several tile yards are in operation in these counties. In Muskoka wet 
 weather has interfered with work and little has been done. Rubble has been tried in 
 draining here with good results. 
 
 Edward Nash, Mersea, Essex : There was quite a lot of tile put in last spring with good results. Tile- 
 draining machines are used. Labor and tile sufficient. 
 
 F. GifEord, Camden, Kent : Considerable under-draining ; the most T have ever known. The supply 
 of tile is plentiful and good. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Not much done here ; as this township is very level and depends on 
 surface drainage. 
 
47 
 
 George Green, Chatham, Kent : Not much tile-draining ; only where there have been open drains. 
 Now that the binder is used the drains are levelled up. 
 
 Sheldon Ward, Malahide, Elgin : Farmers are becoming alive to the benefits of tile-draining and are 
 taking advantage of the Ontario Tile-drainage Act, making sldlled labor hardly equal to the demand. 
 There is one tile-draining machine in this township and plenty of tile of good quality. 
 
 Jabel Bobinson, Southwold, Elgin : Nearly every farmer is doing more or less under-draining, but the 
 low price of produce prevents farmers from tiling as much as formerly. There is plenty of tile and skilled 
 labor. There are not many tile-draining ma'chines just in this locality. 
 
 Dugald Campbell, Dunwich, Elgin : Tile-draining is going on very extensively. Tiles sufficient, labor 
 scarcely su£6cient ; no machines used. 
 
 James McClive, Bertie, Welland : Under-draining js but little practised. What few tiles are wanted 
 are imported from Buffalo. 
 
 James Lovell, Brooke, Lambton : A great deal of attention is now being given to under-draining. We 
 liave here the finest land in the county when it is under-drained ; farmers are beginning to fully understand 
 this and are putting in large quantities of tile. Within a circle of six miles we have now four tile yards. 
 More would be done if the supply of skilled labor was more abundant and somewhat cheaper. 
 
 J. B. Hobbs, Warwick, Lambton : Great progress has been made this year in tile-draining. There is 
 abundance of good tile and cheap ditching-machines of different patterns. 
 
 B. B. Smart, Samia, Lambton : There must have been a great deal of tile laid this year. The supply 
 was large but hardly equal to the demand before haying began. The land is too dry this fall yet to dig 
 drains. I can thinkof only one tile-draining machine in this neighborhood. 
 
 • K. rieck, Moore, Lambton : There is considerable under-draining done from year to year. There are 
 three tile-yards in Moore township, which about supply the demand. One tile-draining machine owned by 
 Mr. Nesbit does good work. 
 
 Wm. Young, Plympton, Lambton : The land has been too dry to drain to advantage ; being level and 
 flat it is difficult to properly lay tile without water. A large quantity of tile is imported. Tile-draining 
 machines have not met with approval. 
 
 B^bert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : Good progress has been made in under-draining. The supply of 
 tile is quite adequate, and of skilled labor there has been sufficient. A few machines are used to a limited- 
 extent. 
 
 J. Dobie, Bosanquet, Lajnbton : Quite a number are under-draining ; but more would do so if prices of 
 farm produce were not so low. There is plenty of tile. 
 
 Thomas Strachan, Grey, Huron : Farmers are rapidly draining their farms. Very little tile used and 
 no machines. 
 
 Alex. Drummond, Howick, Huron : Considerable draining has been done. Very little tile used ; chiefly 
 stone and wood. 
 
 George Fortune, Turnberry, Huron : More under-draining this season than ever before. Sufficient 
 labor and tUe. 
 
 G. Edwin Cresswell, Tuokersmith, Huron : Draining operations have been carried on most vigorously 
 this summer, and if anything will counteract low prices this is one of the means. Tile supply very 
 inadequate. My man reported that although he got to the tile works at 4 a.m. there were frequently from 
 30 to 40 teams in before him ; this was the case during the greater part of the summer, though a kiln was 
 burnt every week. Good drainers are very scarce and there are no machines. 
 
 Peter Corrigan, Kinloss, Bruce : There has been a large amount of draining done this season. Tile is 
 used and also lumber. Skilled labor is inadequate to the demand. 
 
 Thomas Welsh, Huron, Bruce : There may be a slight falling off in the amount of draining done in 
 this locality. Hemlock lumber is mostly used ; a good wooden drain will last 15 or 20 years m clay soil ; 
 there would be more tile used, but they are poorly burned. I know of but two tile-draining machines in 
 this township. 
 
 Hugh Murray, Bruce, Bruce : There is more or less under-draining going on all the time ; in fact more is 
 done year by year as the results are seen. Tiles were scarce, consequently a good deal of lumber was used. 
 There are two draining-machines in the neighborhood ; the high price deters the farmers from investmg in 
 them. 
 
 Joseph Towjisend, Sullivan, Grey : Under-draining is gradually creeping in here and there. There is 
 plenty of tile. Tile-draining machines are used in only one or two places. 
 
 John Booth, Normanby, Grey : There has been a great deal of draining done in this section. No tile is • 
 u.sed, all stone. Skilled labor is scarce. 
 
 George Binnie, Glenelg, Grey : Under-draining has yet to be commenced in this township, though 
 there are parti of it— as clay lands and swamps— that under-draining would render more productive. 
 
 Walter Scott, Nottawasaga, Simcoe : A great deal of under-draining is being done. The supply of tile 
 is short and of labor plentiful. Tile-draining machines are in use. 
 
 James Ross, Oro, Simcoe : About the usual amount of under-draining-perhaps a little more than last 
 year-is being done. Pile is scarce ; more would be used if it could be had. Of labor there is an average 
 supply. Farmers cannot employa large amount of hired labor on account of very low prices tor all farm 
 produce. One machine was working this season. 
 
 James Famey, Flos, Simcoe : There is a considerable amount of draining this year. Lumber is being 
 used instead of tile, as we think the tile won't stand from lime in the clay. We have one tile machine m 
 use here. 
 
48 
 
 Thomas MoCabe, Adjala, Simooe : There has been considerable more under-draining done this season 
 than has been done for the last two years. Tile is not so much used as the board dram. Tile-draining 
 machines are not used in this locality. 
 
 Wm. Xamieson, Westminster, Middlesex : There are three tile factories near London ; all have a very 
 large stock of tile on hand of the very best that can be made. , 
 
 A. H. Secord, N . Dorchester, Middlesex : The farmers in this part are waking up to the necessity o'f 
 tile-draining, and every year the amount put in is increasing ; this year quite a large amount were set in. 
 Tiles are abundant . Machines are used . 
 
 C. A. O'Malley, Mosa, Middlesex : Very fair progress is made in under-draining considering the hard times. 
 We make more tile here than in any rural section of Ontario that 1 know of. They are A 1 quality, and 
 arp shipped in large quantities by rail. Machines are used. Henderson Bros, of Wardsville, make one of 
 the best tile machines in use. So-called professional ditchers are numerous enough, but very few of them 
 are to be trusted. 
 
 W. D. Stanley, Biddulph, Middlesex : Drainage operations have been carried on more extensively than 
 ever before in our history . Tiles are plentiful ; two new yards have been started in the neighborhood. 
 No machines aro used here. 
 
 Thos. Nange, Biddulph, Middlesex : Farmers have done more draining this year than they have for 
 the last five. The supply of tile is sufficient. 
 
 W. Watcher, N. Dorchester, Middlesex : There is not so much draining as if the season was wet. The 
 ground is too dry to work to advantage. 
 
 Thos. Baird, Blandford, Oxford : There was considerable draining done in the spring. A dry season 
 is always unfavorable for under-draining ; people do not see the necessity of it so much, and consequently 
 neglect it. There is plenty of tile. 
 
 James Anderson, E. Zorra, Oxford : A good deal of draining has been done, as the season was dry and 
 favorable. There was sufiicient tile, but not enough skilled men. A really good and reliable man can get a 
 job any time. People are getting more particular about draining, as a lot of money has been buried by 
 botches. No machines are used. 
 
 Thos. A. Good, Brantford, Brant : More under-draining than in previqus years . We got enough of mud 
 last spring. All the tile was brought from a distance. 
 
 Thos. Page, Wallace, Perth : Farmers are making steady progress in draining, though there is no 
 systematic or thorough draining practised. The brick-yards can supply all^ the tile wanted. We want- 
 professional tile-drainers here. We have one of Rennie's tile-draining machines here, but it is only on some 
 lands that it will work . 
 
 R. Francis, FuUarton, Perth : Draining is progressing fast here, as every year shows the benefit even on 
 high lands. We have plenty of tile yards, but no draining-machines. 
 
 W. C. Smith, Wilmot, Waterloo : Thirty per cent, more tile was put in this spring and summer than 
 was ever used before. ^ There is a scarcity of large tile at present. We find that small tile in level land will 
 not take the water quick enough. We are using larger tile. 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, N. Dumfries, Waterloo : There is not so much under-draining as last year. There is 
 plenty of tile, but the price is too high for the price of wheat. I am afraid skilled labor in that line may be 
 classed as one of the " lost arts. " One of Rennie s tile-draining machines is used, and we wish we had a score. 
 
 W. D . Wood, Eramosa, Wellington : Draining has made little progress. Good tile has to be brought 
 too far to be convenient. A great drawback is the want of men Who understand the draining business. 
 
 John Rea, Braniosa, Wellington : Any draining done here is with hemlock boards cut for the purpose' 
 The supply of labor is scarce ; men are not willing to dig drains. No machines are used. 
 
 Robt. Oromar, Pilkiugton, Wellington : Draining with tiles is becoming commen hereabout, but good 
 men to make drains are scarce. There are brick and tile yards eight or ten miles apart, and more are 
 talked of. 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : Farmers are beginning to find out that they must drain their land or 
 else sell out. About 100 per cent, more was done this year than last. Tiles are in adequate supply. There 
 is a machine, but it does not do much here . 
 
 Jaines Reith, Bast Luther, Dufferin : Considerable progress has been made this year. No tiles are used, . 
 but some stone and some wood. There are machines in this locality. 
 
 John Blasdell, Beverley, Wentworth : Farmers have been alive this year in the matter of draining. Tile 
 is sufficiently supplied. A few machines. A few tile-draining machines are used, and they give general 
 satisfaction, 
 
 Robt. Inksetter, Beverley, Wentworth : Not much has been done in draining this year ; one reason is the 
 scarcity of money . There are no tile machines within a distance of ten miles, but there is plenty of labor, 
 minus the skill . 
 
 Arch. MoKinnon, Caledon, Peel : Considerable under-draining has been done. Some have drained from 
 one hundred to two hundred rods on their farms. 
 
 Wm. Porter, Toronto Gore, Peel : Quite a number of our farmers are doing some under-draining. We 
 have two tile-makers within a distance of ten miles. Their make is all used up. We have two or three- 
 tile-draining machines in the neighborhood. 
 
 W. T. Patullo, Caledon, Peel : No apparent progress has been made in under-draining, and no year for 
 some time has shown the necessity for it more. One drawback is there is no tile manufacturer in the 
 township, and no tile-draining machine either. If there was a company formed to work one, I think it would- 
 be well supported. 
 
49 
 
 W. W. Findlay, Soarboro', York ; Some under-draining is being done. Clay land, except near the 
 surface, has been too hard to make progress. Supply of labor is limited ; men will not dig when the ground 
 is hard. I only know of one machine in Scarboro'. 
 
 D. James, Markham, York: A large amount of tile has been laid. There is enough tile, but no 
 surplus . 
 
 Angus Ego, Georgina, York : Under-draining is rather alow in progress owing to the long distance we have 
 to haul tile. Men who understand the laying of tile properly are not numerous. There are no tile-draining 
 machines in this part yet, but in many parts of this township they would work admirably . 
 
 Henry Glendinniug, Brock, Ontario : There has been some progress made in under-draining, but there 
 is a scarcity of^ men who will work at it. Many laboring men think it is beneath them to dig drains. Tile- 
 draining machines are not in use here . 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Mara, Ontario : I do not know of any under-draining being done, and no part of 
 Ontario needs it worse . Lack of enterprise or money, or perhaps both, seems to keep it back. No tile ii 
 used. 
 
 Lafayette Weller, Scott, Ontario : Under-draining is on the increase, but slowly. Tile has been supplied 
 by hauling about 26 miles. 
 
 Jojin Foott, Hope, Durham ; Not much progress is being made in under-draining. There is plenty of 
 tile, but labor is too high. There are no draining machines in this locality. 
 
 Louis P. Hubbs, Hillier, Prince Edward : Not a rod of drain has been laid that I know of. No tUe 
 to be had ; they would be largely used if available. 
 
 E. R. Sills, S. Fredericksburg, Lennox : Very good progress made. Supply of tile adequate, with 
 sufficient skilled labor. No machines used. 
 
 R. J. Dunlop, Pittsburg, Frontenac : There has been considerable under-draining this year ; a good deal 
 being done with stones and also with boards. There has been a good many tOes laid where there were none 
 used before. The supply, I think, was sufficient. Labor is done by the farm hands generally. 
 
 Robt. Anglin, Pittsburg, Frontenac : Very little tile-draining is done. Tiles are manufactured near 
 Kingston and can be obtained cheap. In general the farms, are rolling, and what little draining is done is 
 with stone. 
 
 W. A. WeUster, Lansdowne, Leeds : I am sorry to say again that thereis no progress. Not one tUe yet 
 in our township, and there is not a township in Ontario that needs-it more. 
 
 Alex. Farlinger, Williamsburg, Dundas : They do not practice under-draining here ; open drams are 
 preferred. 
 
 S. Edgar, Kitley, Leeds : A large amount of draining has been done — more than usual. Tile and skilled 
 labor sufficient. 
 
 A. Abbot, Elizabethtown, Leeds : More under-draining has been done tl>an I ever knew of before. No 
 tile is made here. Most of it comes from Toronto. Labor sufficient. 
 
 .James Cattanach, Lancaster, Glengarry : A good deal of under-draining is done every year, but small in 
 comparison to what is really needed. 
 
 R. Serson, Fitzroy, Carleton : Considerable under-draining has been done on account of the backward 
 wet spring of '85. Tiles are plentiful, and tile-draining machines are used, but give poor satisfaction. 
 
 P, R. McDonald, Osgoode, Carleton : Not very much has been done, the season being too wet. Hemlock 
 hunber is used. 
 
 W. P. Taylor, Fitzroy, Carleton : Considerable progress is being made in draining. The supply of tile 
 is good, with labor and machines. 
 
 Wm. Patterson, Ramsay, Lanark : Drainage is far behind, but farmers are beginning to wake up to iti 
 benefits. Tiles are now to be had, but hitherto the supply has not been up to the demand. Draining 
 machines are not in use here. 
 
 G. Hamilton, Ramsay, Lanark : Some progress has been made. There is only one party manufacturing 
 tile in this locality, and he could not supply the demand. 
 
 Peter Anderson, McNab, Renfrew : More draining done this year than has been done— say these three 
 or four years. We have a tile factory within three miles. One tile-draining machine came to the township 
 this fall. 
 
 John Westlake, Eldon, Victoria : There has been great progress made in under-draining here. 
 
 F. Birdsall, Asphodel, Peterboro : Very little has ever been done in this township, and drain tiles are 
 being made for the first time this year. 
 
 D. Kennedy, Otonabee, Peterboro: Considerable draining has been done. The supply of tUe is sufficient. 
 Tile-draining machines are used. 
 ; John HoUingworth, Watt, Muskoka : Draining this fall impossible. I have had a drain partly dug for 
 
 ■ the last six weeks, but cannot do anything with it on account of -water. 
 
 Henry W. Gill, Watt, Muskoka : We notice a little being done in rubble draining, and that giving good 
 results. 
 
 A. Wiancko, Morrison, Muskoka: The only draining rs of a primitive kind— with rails, slabs, small logs, 
 stones, etc. 
 
 (4 N, .1.) 
 
50 
 
 EASTERN ALGOMA. 
 
 BY THOMAS FBOOD, OBOWN LANDS AGENT AT BCDBUET. 
 
 The discovery of immense mineral deposits in the vicinity of Sudbury is attracting a 
 good deal of attention to a part of Ontario hitherto little known, and may render 
 desirable a brief description of the climate, soil, and prospects of that district. 
 
 Lying north of the great lakes, the cold in winter is more intense than in southern 
 Ontario ; but the dryness of the wintry atmosphere, and its freedom from high winds, 
 render it really more tolerable and less trying to weak lungs than the climate of the 
 lakes. This may be owing to the precipitous bluffs of the Huronian formation acting as 
 windbreaks, and they certainly ameliorate the climate, by absorbing heat during sun- 
 shine, to be given off when required. The Spanish River valley and the Nipissing basin 
 certainly enjoy a milder climate and greater exemption from frost than districts lying 
 further south. The difference between Algoma Mills and Goderich in length of summer 
 is less than a week ; and this difference is fully compensated by the quicker growth of 
 vegetation in spring, and the warm breezes from the north, instead of the chilling winds 
 from the ice of Lake Superior in passing down Lake Huron. The foliage frequently 
 expands nearly as early as at Toronto and grasses of all varieties grow with a luxuriance 
 that astonishes the traveller. The climate is therefore well adapted to agriculture, as 
 well as eminently salubrious and invigorating. 
 
 The soil is chiefly clay loam, but all grades may be found, from stiff clay to loose 
 sand. There are very few surface stones or boulders ; these only occurring in streaks in 
 a few places, or in the bottom of ravines, where the surface soil has been removed by 
 freshets. This is a great advantage to the settler, as he sees all the rock he has to 
 encounter raised high above the level, and can plough to its very base with ease. Some 
 swamps occur, but they are all susceptible of drainage, and then yield the best results. 
 A large portion of the country was swept by forest fires in former years ; and in some 
 places these have been repeated till a partial prairie is the result. These brules and 
 prairies are rendered ready for the plough at a cost varying from two to twenty dollars 
 per acre ; and the mower and horse rake may be used on them at once. This fact, 
 added to its great adaptation for grasses, both natural and cultivated, will enable this 
 region to compete with the western prairies for stock purposes. The general average of 
 grain crops and roots is fully equal to that of southern Ontario, and hay is decidedly 
 superior, allowing equal acreage and cultivation. 
 
 A study of the fruits indigenous to the country, will indicate pretty nearly what 
 cultivated varieties will probably prove successful. We find the red plum up the rivers 
 to an elevation of 1,200 feet above sea level on the main line of the Canadian Pacific 
 Eailway, and all along the branch line to Sault Ste. Marie. Cherries are especially pro- 
 lific on the Vermillion or east branch of the Spanish River ; red and black currants of 
 fine flavor abound in the woods ; gooseberries in two varieties, three species of straw- 
 berries, four of raspberries, two of, sugar plums, blueberries on every open space and rock, 
 huckleberries, highbush cranberries reddening the swamps, and lowbush vines filling the 
 marshes, form a great part of the summer and autumn sustenance of the Indian tribes. 
 Less than ten per cent, of nature's bountiful provision for her dependents is consumed 
 by man, bird and beast ; and if cultivated, Algoma could supply all North America with 
 small fruits. Hardy apples and other nursery trees are being set out, and a practical 
 test will soon be obtained. 
 
 The chief trees are red and white pine, black and white spruce, tamarac or larch, 
 hemlock, cedar, and balsam, of evergreens ; in deciduous trees, the oak, ash, maple, red 
 elm ironwood, white birch, yellow anc^ black birch, poplar, whitewood and willow are 
 the chief. In light soil wild cherry abounds, and hazel and tag alder form extensive 
 oTOwths in places. The sugar maple is not so abundant as a very large and graceful soft 
 maple ; which, alternated with ash, oak, and bluejoint grass, occupies large flats on lakes 
 and rivers. About three-fourths of the whole district is second gro wth. — chiefly poplar, 
 white birch, whitewood, and willow, of various ages in difl:erent places, but of uniform 
 size in each locality and well suited for extensive pulping operations. 
 
51 
 
 The market to be supplied is an ample one. The Canadian Pacific Railway employs 
 several thousands of men in various capacities, whose food has to be imported, from 
 Pembroke and Winnipeg. They frequently let contracts for cordwood, ties, posts and 
 poles, enabling the settler to utilize a portion of the trees on his farm, and affording 
 means of earning money in winter. A still larger army of lumbermen are in the same 
 position, and afford a good market for all bulky supplies (hay, oats, potatoes, turnips, etc.) 
 as well as employment tor men and teams. Ihe pulp industry, which will expand as the 
 lumber becomes scarce, will also be a source of profit to the farmer in the same way, but 
 will be more dependent on the settlers lor its supply, as extensive pulp limits are not so 
 likely to be acquired, and manufacturers will purchase by the cord from the settlers. 
 
 Few people in western Ontario are aware of the extent and value of the mines now 
 being worked at Sudbury. The grand metallic chain which binds our Dominion, " from 
 ocean to ocean," runs nearly parallel and coinciding with our "band of steel" whifch has 
 bridged our mountains, prairies, and fancied desert, uniting the wealth of the Orient with 
 the energy of Europe, and bringing the treasures of Cathay through the fastnesses of 
 Algoma and Nipissing. It has opened up access to the mineral wealth of a vast region, 
 whose first I'aint development now excites the attention of the whole mining interests of 
 America. The wealth so hardly won from the waves at Silver Islet rises easily within 
 reach in the region between Rabbit Mountain and Whitefish Lake ; or crops out in gold 
 and silver amid the isles of the Lake of the Woods. At the Sudbury copper olifi', thousands 
 of tons have been quarried out and wheeled on the cars with barrows, at a cost of less 
 than one dollar per ton. Seven miles of railway are in use or in progress of construction, 
 and in a short time one thousand people will be sustained by this industry in one locality 
 alone. The country is full of explorers, and the present mines (capable of employing 
 thousands of men for many years) will probably be eclipsed by future discoveries. The 
 minerals already found are mica, asbestus, sulphur, antimony, plumbago, iron, copper, 
 lead, silver, gold, and nickel, besides samples indicating other metals of value. Copper is 
 the chief object of search at present, and the Canadian Copper Company, of Cleveland, 
 have purchased above 3,000 acres at a cost of $70,000, and have already spent more than 
 that amount in permanent works and labor. The mining will soon eclipse the lumbering 
 operations of this district in extent and importance. 
 
 With a country of such marvellous possibilities and undoubted agricultural value, we 
 feel justified in asking the sons of farmers in older Ontario to come up and examine 
 the country and compare its advantages with any other field for settlement. Near home, 
 •with farms as fertile and better sheltered than in. prairie land, a milder yet healthier 
 climate, permanently nearer the great markets of America and Europe, with a home 
 market higher than Montreal or Toronto, with water transit on one side and the con- 
 tinental reach of the Canadian Pacific Railway on the other ; and with the prospect of a 
 railway from St. Paul to Boston competing with present routes, — these surely are advan- 
 tages worth considering in the choice of a home. Stock-farming, cranberry culture, bee 
 culture, and the domestication of the fur-bearing animals, especially the beaver, are objects 
 suited to men of means and leisure; while ordinary farming and furnishing wood 
 will enable poor families to obtain a comfortable independence. We are here as near 
 Montreal and Europe as St. Thomas or London, with a better home market than either. 
 
 Terms of sale to actual settlers oii Spanish River are twenty cents per acre, cash, and 
 ten per cent, of land to be in cultivation ; on the main line^ fifty cents per acre, half 
 cash and balance in two years with interest. From 160 to 320 acres may be sold to each 
 individual, and improvements may be sold at a profit should a party desire to change his 
 position. 
 
 It is accessible by the Canadian Pacific and Callender branch at all times ; and from 
 the ports of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay during summer. Thus a young man might 
 spend a portion of his winter at home for a tithe of the expense of a return from the North- 
 West. The cost of erecting buildings and bringing in stock and machinery is also very 
 much in its favor. 
 
bi 
 
 GENERAL EEMARKS. 
 
 The followina; extracts are taken from the general remarks of correspondents : — 
 
 Henry Morand, Sandwich East, Essex : There is a great reform made a,mongBt farmers in tilling their 
 farms and putting their lands in proper shape. A great encouragement is given by our fairs, and the offer 
 of prizes for the best 25 acres wheat,' 25 acres corn, 25 acres barley and 25 acres oats, made by Hiram 
 Walker & Sons, Walkerville, has a first-class effect on farmers. 
 
 James MaoFarlane, Dover, Kent : Peaches and grapes are mostly a failure, by the severity of late 
 winters and by long drought of last summer. None of the finer fruits can be saved in this vicinity from 
 fruit thieves. Farmers are much plundered by thieves. We need efficient rural police. 
 
 John Wright, Dover, Kent : Taking everything into consideration, the summer of 1886 has been a 
 remarkable one, for, in my experience, I have never seen so good a sample of grain with so little rain fall. 
 Since filling up the schedule on the condition of barley, I find the sample is not so, good as I expected, caused 
 by mowing and stacking too soon, and early threshing, causing sweatmg in the granary, 
 
 .label Robinson, Southwold, Elgin : The wire worm has done more injury to the ci'ops in this section, 
 than all the other insects, and should any of your correspondents know a remedy whereby they might be 
 destroyed and would make it known, a great boon would be conferred on the farmers of this part of Canada. 
 
 James Davidson, Yarmouth, Elgin : For the grub and wire worm pest, salt, about two to three hundred 
 pounds per acre, seemed to have a good effect when sown in time. 
 
 James McKnight, Windham, Norfolk : Marketing of all kinds of grain is very dull, owing to low 
 prices and the dealers do not seem to want to venture. There is a large quantity of last year's wheat in the 
 store-houses, so much so that some of the dealers have not bought any this fall yet. They cannot get out 
 without a heavy loss. 
 
 J. R. Martin, North Cayuga, Haldimand: The county seems fairly prosi^erous, but the low prices of 
 wheat, wool and other farm produce seems to benumb the farmers' wonted energy. 
 
 C. Riselay, Bertie, Welland : The crop of the present year, with the exception of hay, has been below 
 an average, but of good quality. The prospect pf the next wheat crop was never better at this season, 'still 
 there is much dissatisfaction among farmers, owing to the low price of almost everything that farmers have 
 to sell. 
 
 L. Buckton, Crowland, Welland : The combinations amongst the manufacturers of machinery for farm 
 use and the low prices of farm produce, together with the high rate of taxation, will have a tendency to 
 cause a great many to dispose of their stock and property and seek a living from some other source, as the 
 present state of affairs with the farmer cannot hold out very long. 
 
 Robert Rae, Bosanquet, Lambton : The farming indTistry is very much depressed, on account of the 
 low price of grain and stock, and the large amount of money farmers have to pay for farm implements and 
 hired help. ' 
 
 Thomas Strachan, Grey, Huron : There have been excellent crops this year in this township, All 
 kinds of produce have done well. The only drawback is the low prices, except in cheese. It is hard for 
 farmers to make ends meet, owing to very low prices in everything. 
 
 John Douglass, Arran, Bruce : Canadian farmers want free trade with the United States, so as to get 
 a greater price for wool and barley, and receive in return plenty of American corn to make beef for the 
 English markets. Every facility ought to be given farmers to increase the trade in fat stock, and to 
 diminish the export of store cattle. 
 
 John Black, Bentinck, Grey : Spring wheat has been a failure again this year, although it was not 
 injured by rust. I think there is very little use sowing white Russian or Lost Nation any more. We want 
 a change of seed. It will pay any fanner better to sow pease, oats, or barley than spring wheat. 
 
 Thomas Kells, Artemesia, Grey: Now that another year's crop has been ■ harvested and threshed, 
 farmers are more than ever convinced that it is not profitable to continue sowing spring wheat unless new 
 varieties of seed be procured, o* a fresh supply from a distance of those varieties which have already proved ' 
 suitable to our soil and climate. I sowed on my farm here last spring one half bushel of the old Red Fife, 
 which was grown near Moosejaw, N. W. T., in 1886. It di(3, well, yielding about one-third more than the 
 white Russian sowed alongside. I likewise got pease from the same place, which did exceedingly well ; I 
 had five bags from half a bushel of seed. 
 
 W. H. Free, St. Vincent, Grey : There is scarcely any doubt but farmers will in the future direct their 
 attention to raising stock, as prices are so low it will not pay to run down their farms raising grain. Even 
 should the meat market not be very high, stock-raising will tend to keep the soil in a higher state of fertility. 
 
 Peter Bertram, Orillia, Simcoe ; The farms that are not drained have suffered a good deal this year. 
 The water kept on them so late in the spring that seeding was late, and in consequence harvest was late, 
 and the late harvest was wet and in many cases grain sprouted, causing serious loss. 
 
 George Sneath, Vespra, Simcoe : The prospects are, in this section of the country, that farmers are 
 going to experience a trying winter ; a great many will not be able to make ends meet. Debts, rents and 
 taxes must be paid and the source from which it was expected the needful would come— fall wheat— has 
 failed. 
 
 James Anderson, East Zorra, Oxford ; On the whole, a year of good crops, but prices of grain*are 
 ruinously, low, in fact in many instances below cost of production. Cheese has done better, and if the fall 
 make brings expected prices will be a rather good reason for dairying. 
 
 James Spence, Blanshard, Perth : Under-draining is not carried on to such an extent as it ought to be, 
 mostly for want of money and the high rates of interest on small amounts. 
 
53 
 
 James Cross, Peel, Wellington : I may say that this season's crop is a good average in this township 
 and farmers, notwithstanding the low prices preyailing, are not grumbling so much as in other years. We 
 are trying to drain the land to make it produce better crops if possible. 
 
 Edward Irvine, South Grimsby, Lincoln : Crops are lighter and prices of wheat lower than last year. 
 Feed for stock will be scarce and dear before spring. Cattle are now very cheap owing to many fanners 
 trying to sell on account of lack of fodder. 
 
 A. G. Muir, North Grimsby, Lincoln : I would suggest that the Bureau ask for a more detailed report on 
 various kinds of fruit, as to the amount of each shipped to other localities and countries from each munici- 
 pality. Also whether the municipality has a by-law prohibiting cattle running at large, and if so, whether 
 result is satisfactory or not, and why. 
 
 Colin Cameron, Nassagaweya, Halton : The continued depression causes farmers to be very careful at 
 present, and may be seen from the facts that they are purchasing store cattle at a much lower rate than last 
 year, and if they cannot get them at a low price they leave them alone, on account of the prospects of high 
 prices for beef cattle being poor at present. There is plenty of fodder and coarse grain in this vicinity to 
 •carry stock well through the coming winter. 
 
 W. H. Proctor, King, York : It is my opinion that if produce doesn't get up in price, rent and wage 
 "both will come down, or, of the tenant farmers, a good many will go to the wall. Farms have decreased in 
 value now about twenty per cent. 
 
 R. S. Webster, Scott, Ontario : Many of the farmers of this township, and county, in fact, are desirous 
 ■of forming or organizing a Farmers' Institute, and express themselves at loss as to how the initiatory steps 
 are taken. 
 
 Wm. J. Grandy, Manvers, Durham : We have been blessed with an abundant crop this year. A great 
 improvement has taken place in the township of late years in the breeding of stock, both of horses, cattle 
 and sheep. 
 
 W. J. Westington, Hamilton, Northumberland : Farmers finding that over-cropping is injudicious, 
 have resolved to keep a larger and better grade of stock, and are making better arrangements for 
 wintering them by, providing stone stables and other suitable accommodation. 
 
 W. A. Webster, Lansdowne, Leeds : I hope the Bureau wUl do all it can to encourage under-draining. 
 Nothing else will add as much to the value of land in the St. Lawrence valley. 
 
 Alex. Farlinger, Williamsburg, Dundas : Farmers are well satisfied. No complaints, except the low 
 prices for their productions. In this section there is an immense amount of open, large dra,inage being done 
 and land cleared for pasturage. The drainage is being done under the Act of 1883, which proves very satis- 
 factory. 
 
 James Collison, Matilda, Dundas : I would like if some of your correspondents would explain the cause 
 of blight on apples,— that is, the black spots. 
 
 James Clark, Kenyon, Glengarry : We have any atoount of grass fed cattle, but very little demand, 
 being (Jependent entirely on Montreal market, which at best is but a poor market. Sheep and lambs have 
 done well here this year. 
 
 Neil Stfewart, Goulbourn, Carleton : The crops grew very rank. Late oats and wheat rusted badly, and 
 pease were covered with mildew. There was a storm of hail crossed over a corner of this township, and 
 those thus unfortunate were left nothing but what was secured before. 
 
 Thomas Roche, Hagarty, Renfrew : Good drainage and early sowing gave the best results. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Ramsay, Lanark : The. wheat we raised from the seed we brought from Manitoba, 
 which I mentioned in the last report,;has done very well. We can beat Manitoba samples. 
 
 William Ramsey, Mariposa, Victoria : 11 the early Asowed grain of every kind is the best, turns out 
 the best and weighs the best, only the early barley was colored the worst on account of the wet rust as it 
 was about fit to cut. Late spring wheat was damaged some by rust and weevil, which shows that under- 
 draining, allowing them to get on the land early in the spring, IvUl pay. 
 
 James McDonald, Stephenson, Muskoka : The country being new the farms or clearings are mostly 
 small and after supplying the families the amount of grain to export is very limited. A number of the 
 farmers or members of the family work out for the support of those improving the farm. 
 
 John Hollingsworth, Watt, Muskoka : The whole of present month, and last three weeks of September 
 have been very unfavorable for late harvesting and fall ploughing, the land as a rule being sodden with 
 water. From the 7th to the 30th September, we had rain on 14 days, and we have had rain on 12 days this 
 month, and expect it to rain again to-day. 
 
 J M Ansley, McDougall, Parry Sound : Year after ye^r proves the advaritages of this district for 
 cheaply producing beef and mutton. Those farmers who have devoted themselves to these industi-ies are 
 reaping a rich reward. There is still a largely increased opening for this industry and we would inTite the 
 attention and examination of those who are living on highly rented farms elsewhere to the advisability of 
 becoming possessors of their own homes. 
 
 Thos. Flesher, Assigniack, Algoma : This island is best as a stock raising district ; not suitable for 
 general farming. 
 
THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. I.— Monthly temperature for Au^st, September and October, 1886, showing the highest, the 
 lowest, the mean highest, the mean lowest and the mean temperature of each month. 
 
 Month. 
 
 August . 
 
 September.. 
 
 October. 
 
 Temperatdke. 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean . . . . 
 
 Highest 
 
 Lowest 
 
 Mean highest 
 
 Mean lowest 
 
 Monthly mean 
 
 CB 
 
 87.0 
 
 42.3 
 
 74.08 
 
 56.79 
 
 65.40 
 
 85.3 
 37.9 
 69.. 92 
 52.58 
 60.77 
 
 72.4 
 
 31.6 
 
 58.57 
 
 43.48 
 
 50.70 
 
 84.0 
 
 43.0 
 
 74.97 
 
 54.96 
 
 66.13 
 
 81.0 
 
 38.0 
 
 69.08 
 
 50.46 
 
 60.31 
 
 73.0 
 
 32.0 
 
 59.73 
 
 40.38 
 
 50.46 
 
 93.3 
 
 49.2 
 
 81.75 
 
 58.46 
 
 69.50 
 
 91.1 
 
 38.2 
 
 75.97 
 
 52.45 
 
 63.87 
 
 81.5 
 
 31.1 
 
 65.79 
 
 42.06 
 
 53^08 
 
 40.5 
 75.90 
 54.58 
 65.04 
 
 84.5 
 
 33.3 
 
 69.08 
 
 48.40 
 
 58.24 
 
 78.0 
 
 28.7 
 
 59.26 
 
 38.74 
 
 48.10 
 
 44.3 
 77.72 
 54.95 
 69.42 
 
 87.8 
 
 34.6 
 
 71.87 
 
 47.90 
 
 63.05 
 
 79.0 
 
 26.5 
 
 62.09 
 
 37.61 
 
 51.49 
 
 87.9 
 
 46.3 
 
 74.77 
 
 56.45 
 
 65.67 
 
 83.9 
 
 40.1 
 
 67.84 
 
 49.69 
 
 58.88 
 
 71.1 
 
 26.4 
 
 56.42 
 
 40.14 
 
 48.49 
 
 PM 
 
 88.6 
 
 42.2 
 
 76.03 
 
 53.82 
 
 66.46 
 
 87.6 
 
 36.1 
 
 68.95 
 
 46.83 
 
 58.65 
 
 77.7 
 
 18.0 
 
 59.42 
 
 34.23 
 
 48.25 
 
 93.1 
 
 44.0 
 
 78.26 
 
 54.89 
 
 66.43 
 
 89.7 
 
 36.0 
 
 70.84 
 
 47.50 
 
 58.96 
 
 76.6 
 
 23.9 
 
 58.28 
 
 38.67 
 
 48.45 
 
 O 
 
 88.0 
 
 45.1 
 
 77.70 
 
 56.44 
 
 68.41 
 
 87.9 
 
 30.4 
 
 69.00 
 
 48.75 
 
 58.93 
 
 75.5 
 
 20.3 
 
 57.38 
 
 37.13 
 
 48.17 
 
 96.6 > 
 
 46.0 
 
 75.97 
 
 55.96 
 
 64.76 
 
 88.6 
 
 36.4 
 
 68.19 
 
 48.74 
 
 56.18 
 
 79.2 
 
 24.4 
 
 59.35 
 
 36.93 
 
 46.82 
 
 TABLE No. II. — Monthly summary of the average fall of rain and snow in the several districts of 
 Ontario for August, September and October, 1886. 
 
 Months. 
 
 W. AND S. W. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 AND N. 
 
 Oentke. 
 
 E. AND N. E. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 inches. 
 
 3.10 
 3.99 
 2.37 
 
 inches. 
 
 '"s."' 
 
 inches. 
 
 3.30 
 4.41 
 2.98 
 
 inches. 
 
 ■"s."' 
 
 inches. 
 
 1.96 
 3.70 
 1.74 
 
 inches. 
 
 '"s."' 
 
 inches. 
 
 2.67 
 3.33 
 1.91 
 
 inches. 
 
 September 
 
 
 October 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 Total ; 
 
 9.46 
 
 S. 
 
 10.69 
 
 S. 
 
 7.40 
 
 S. 
 
 7.91 
 
 S. 
 
 TABLE No. III. — Monthly summary of sunshine in Ontario during August, September and October, 1886, 
 showing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon each month, the hours of registered 
 sunshine, and the totals for the three months. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Hours of 
 Sun above 
 horizon. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 02 
 
 1 
 H 
 
 a 
 3 
 
 •S 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 434.5 
 376.3 
 340.2 
 
 214.6 
 192.8 
 189.1 
 
 225.8 
 163.5 
 130.5 
 
 220.6 
 190.9 
 143.1 
 
 •227.1 
 195.3 
 134.4 
 
 237.6 
 187.7 
 160.0 
 
 234.8 
 193.8 
 147.0 
 
 201.4 
 157.8 
 106.5 
 
 238.3 
 186.9 
 133.0 
 
 262.9 
 176.8 
 123.6 
 
 204.3 
 
 September ' 
 
 177.5 
 
 October 
 
 154.8 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1151.0 
 
 596.5 
 
 519.8 
 
 554.6 
 
 556.8 
 
 585.3 
 
 575.6 
 
 465.7 
 
 558.2 
 
 563.3 
 
 536.6 
 
 
 
 
 
56 
 
 THE WEATHER. 
 
 TABLE No. IV.— Summary of the total fall of Rain and of the number of days on which rain fell in 
 Ontario during the months of August, September and October, 1886. 
 
 
 Obsbbvbrs. 
 
 August. 
 
 Skptembbe, 
 
 OOTOBEE. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 No. of 
 Days. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 No. of 
 Days. 
 
 Rain. No. of 
 Days. 
 
 Ebses- : 
 
 Cottam 
 
 W. E. Wagstaff. . 
 
 in. 
 3.60 
 3.84 
 2.14 
 
 2.15 
 3.85 
 3.86 
 3.16 
 
 4.77 
 2.19 
 S.45 
 3.51 
 
 3.36 
 2.32 
 
 2.65 
 2.88 
 2.68 
 3.71 
 3.. 54 
 1.80 
 
 2.96 
 4.03 
 2.70 
 
 3.40 
 4.10 
 3.90 
 
 3.98 
 4.93 
 4.25 
 
 1.65 
 2.31 
 3.53 
 
 3.02 
 3.69 
 3.23 
 2.54 
 3.86 
 
 1.70 
 2.78 
 2.73 
 
 2.17 
 2.90 
 3.59 
 
 3.69 
 3.04 
 
 3.19 
 
 2.97 
 4.80 
 
 1.51 
 
 12 
 9 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 13 
 10 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 7 
 9 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 10 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 9 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 in. 
 3.80 
 3.63 
 4.29 
 
 3.10 
 4.18 
 3.72 
 3.72 
 
 5.69 
 3.50 
 4.25 
 
 6.33 
 5.33 
 
 3.69 
 4.98 
 3.99 
 4.30 
 5.18 
 4.26 
 
 4.48 
 5.06 
 3.55 
 
 3.08 
 3.35 
 3.14 
 
 2.66 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 
 2.92 
 4.50 
 3.44 
 
 4.37 
 3.92 
 3.69 
 3.90 
 4.74 
 
 5.07 
 4.27 
 3.54 
 
 2.51 
 3.34 
 3.72 
 
 5.51 
 2.81 
 
 3.93 
 
 2.95 
 3.19 
 
 3.29 
 
 11 
 10 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 11 
 14 
 
 10 
 12 
 16 
 
 12 
 9 
 
 13 
 14 
 10 
 12 
 11 
 9 
 
 16 
 12 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 11 
 15 
 
 7 
 10 
 18 
 
 7 
 12 
 13 
 18 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 14 
 
 8 
 14 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 8. 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 in. 
 1.63 
 1.62 . 
 1.28 
 
 1.47 
 1,36 
 1.27 
 1.97 
 
 1.94 
 1.79 
 1.78 
 
 ■ 1.59 
 2.19 
 
 1.90 
 1.67 
 1.68 
 1.96 
 2.06 
 1.30 
 
 3.53 
 3.46 
 3.46 
 
 3.33 
 3.42 
 2.60 
 
 3.18 
 4.71 
 3.41 
 
 2.63 
 3.80 
 3.41 
 
 2.37 
 1.68 
 2.47 
 .2.14 
 2.26 
 
 2.41 
 2.69 
 2.66 
 
 2.98 
 
 2.71 
 
 1 2.95 
 
 2.96 
 3.44 
 
 3.08 
 
 2.60 
 2.71 
 
 2.65 
 
 5 
 
 Maidstone , 
 
 r. 1\ Kane. 
 
 6 
 
 Windsor 
 
 A. Sinclair, M. A 
 
 0. Eoss 
 
 W. R. FeUowes 
 
 7 
 
 Kent : 
 Chatham 
 
 6 
 
 Blenheim. 
 
 5 
 
 Dealtown '. . . , 
 
 S. J. Pardo 
 
 7 
 
 Eidgetown 
 
 Thos. Soane, P.L.S 
 
 W. H. Draper 
 
 8 
 
 Elgin : 
 Aylmer 
 
 9 
 
 Cowal 
 
 
 7 
 
 Port Stanley 
 
 M Payne, 
 
 14 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 NOKFOIK : 
 Port Dover 
 
 S. Williams 
 
 13 
 
 Simooe 
 
 D. S. Patterson, B.A.... 
 J S Mellbr . 
 
 8 
 
 Lameton : 
 Birnam 
 
 9 
 
 Oil Springs 
 
 
 6 
 
 Sarnia 
 
 
 5 
 
 Thedford 
 
 Martin Wattson 
 
 D Robs 
 
 8 
 
 Watford 
 
 5 
 
 
 S. Phillips, B. A 
 
 H. J. Strang, B.A 
 
 5 
 
 H0BON : 
 Goderich 
 
 12 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 Bbuce : 
 Wiarton 
 
 "Wtyi Woodman 
 
 14 
 
 Point Clark ., 
 
 John Kav. 
 
 6 
 
 Saiigeen 
 
 Mrs. K. Stewart 
 
 C. H. Henning 
 
 John McLean 
 
 14 
 
 Geet: 
 
 7 
 
 OwQu Sound 
 
 10 
 
 Presque Isle 
 
 
 13 
 
 SiMCOB : 
 
 Barrie 
 
 Ooldwater 
 
 H. B. Spotton, B.A.... 
 
 Jas. N. Lazonby 
 
 H A Fitton 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 Orillia 
 
 14 
 
 Middlesex : 
 
 
 4 
 
 Delaware 
 
 "R Bodkin. 
 
 6 
 
 
 •Tames Grant 
 
 12 
 
 London ■ 
 
 E B. Reed 
 
 7 
 
 Wilton Grove 
 
 Henry Anderson 
 
 Thomas Wrierht 
 
 6 
 
 OXFOBD : 
 Otterville 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Rev. N. Wolverton, M. A. 
 
 T. M. Mclntyre, M. A. . . 
 John Kay 
 
 8 
 
 Bbant : 
 Brantf ord 
 
 8 
 
 Paris , 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 Perth : 
 Listowel 
 
 Alex McKav 
 
 13 
 
 Stratford 
 
 Wm. McBride, M.A..., 
 
 9 
 
 
 13 
 
 Waterloo : 
 Gait 
 
 Alex. Barrie . . . ; 
 
 7 
 
 
 G. A. Mclntvre 
 
 10 
 
 DUFFEKIN : 
 Orangeville ... . 
 
 N. Gordon 
 
 10 
 
 
 1 
 
57 
 
 TABLE No. EV.— THE WEATHER.— Conimwed 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Wbntworth : 
 
 •Copetown 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Stoney Creek r... 
 
 Halton: 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 York: 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Georgina 
 
 Soarboro' 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Ontabio : 
 
 Oshawa 
 
 Port Perry 
 
 DnKHAM : 
 
 Port Hope 
 
 Lennox and Addington : 
 
 Denbigh 
 
 Feontenao : 
 
 Harrowsmith 
 
 Kingston 
 
 IiEBDS AND GbENVILLB : 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Stobmont : 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Cabutcon : 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Kenpeew : 
 
 Northcote 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Roekliffe 
 
 Lanaek : 
 
 Oliver's Ferry 
 
 ' VlOTOKlA : 
 
 Bobcaygeon 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 yETEBBOBOUGH : 
 
 Burleigh 
 
 Ennismore 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton ; 
 
 Minden 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings : 
 
 Deseronto 
 
 L'Amable , 
 
 Shannonville 
 
 MUSKOKA : 
 
 Bala 
 
 Charlinoh 
 
 Gravenhurst 
 
 Joly , 
 
 Paert Sound: 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Axe Lake 
 
 Algoma : 
 
 Port Arthur 
 
 Observbes. 
 
 John Ireland 
 
 T. S. Campbell, M.A. 
 C.F. Van Wagner.... 
 
 J. Barber, jr . 
 
 Eev. Walter Amos . . 
 Capt. Sibbald, R.N. 
 
 R. Martin : 
 
 Observatory 
 
 Rev. J. Middleton. 
 Rev. Dr. Carry . . . . 
 
 John Foott 
 
 August. 
 
 James Lane. 
 
 John Donnelly 
 
 A. P. Knight, M.A. 
 
 0. Chapman 
 
 D. W. Johnston, M.A. . . 
 A. McGill, M.A 
 
 F. Kosmark 
 
 B. Odium, M.A. . 
 W. E. Smallfield. 
 W.H. Mclntyre. 
 
 W.J. McLean. 
 
 John Stewart. 
 Thos. Beall... 
 
 Wm. Mollmoyl 
 
 Thomas Tellford. . . . 
 Rev. J. Carmichael. 
 Wm. Tassie, M.A. . . 
 
 M. Brown 
 
 C. R. Stewart. 
 
 Messrs. Rathbun. 
 Benjamin Spurr. . 
 John Kemp 
 
 E. B. Sutton 
 
 C.J. Tiadall 
 
 T. M. Robinson 
 
 G. Ambury 
 
 Rev. R. Mosley. 
 John Clapton 
 
 Wm. Cooke. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 m. 
 3.32 
 1.99 
 2.09 
 
 2.20 
 
 2.08 
 1.51 
 2.25 
 2.63 
 
 2.32 
 2.35 
 
 0.90 
 
 4.00 
 
 1.39 
 1.66 
 
 2.20 
 
 2.83 
 
 3.47 
 
 3.71 
 3.30 
 2.32 
 5.35 
 
 1.68 
 
 2.41 
 1.51 
 
 1.32 
 3.56 
 2.01 
 1.78 
 
 4.33 
 2.27 
 
 1.34 
 4.28 
 1.02 
 
 5.78 
 5.18 
 4.56 
 7.56 
 
 5.21 
 5.86 
 
 1.25 
 
 No. of 
 Days, 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 9 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 Sbftemebb. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 3.91 
 2.96 
 3.56 
 
 3.78 
 
 2.90 
 2.33 
 3.83 
 3.83 
 
 4.36 
 3.93 
 
 4.21 
 
 3.31 
 
 3.83 
 5.49 
 
 3.08 
 
 2.98 
 
 3.99 
 
 1.25 
 2.05 
 1.58 
 3.42 
 
 2.71 
 
 3.47 
 3.72 
 
 2.06 
 4.06 
 4.03 
 4.16 
 
 3.82 
 3.60 
 
 2.74 
 3.71 
 3.83 
 
 3.34 
 4.92 
 3.60 
 5.14 
 
 4.79 
 4.33 
 
 7.54 
 
 No. of 
 Days, 
 
 14 
 9 
 9 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 
 11 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 9' 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 6 
 9 
 
 15 
 15 
 
 8 
 18 
 10 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 13 
 10 
 
 18 
 15 
 14 
 15 
 
 16 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 OOTOBEE. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 in. 
 2.06 
 2.03 
 2.63 
 
 2.70 
 
 2.05 
 1.64 
 2.30 
 2.59 
 
 2.10 
 2.04 
 
 2.14 
 
 2.02 
 
 2.15 
 2.01 
 
 1.76 
 
 1.70 
 
 1.79 
 
 1.25 
 1.90 
 1.39 
 2.17 
 
 1.71 
 
 1.74 
 2.40 
 
 2.06 
 1.65 
 4.07 
 1.56 
 
 3.08 
 2.51 
 
 1.19 
 2.31 
 1.05 
 
 4.53 
 4.15 
 3.38 
 
 2.85 
 
 3.15 
 3.99 
 
 3.06 
 
 Note. — The amount of snow being light is included in the rainfall for October. 
 
58 
 
 WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS. 
 
 TABLE No. V. — Showing by County Municipalities and p'oups of Counties the area and produce of 
 Fall Wheat, Spring Wheat, Barley and Oats in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Fall Wheat. 
 
 Spbino Wheal 
 
 Bablet. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Essex 
 
 32,138 
 63,567 
 42,405 
 34,797 
 34,612 
 22,761 
 
 712,178 
 1,390,846 
 975,315 
 542,485 
 534,409 
 445,205 
 
 1,744 
 3,456 
 3,356 
 1,056 
 2,891 
 1,528 
 
 25,288 
 61,932 
 48,091 
 12,883 
 35,473 
 20,445 
 
 2,894 
 4,964 
 4,047 
 5,806 
 14,347 
 3,503 
 
 80,540 
 141,883 
 119,467 
 136,209 
 346,(J45 
 
 74,894 
 
 28,852 
 32,616 
 30,410 
 24,213 
 21,241 
 17,157 
 
 l,263,90a 
 
 Kent 
 
 1,422,384 
 
 Elgin 
 
 1,288,168 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 790,797 
 
 
 711,99a 
 
 Welland 
 
 587,113 
 
 Totals 
 
 230,280 
 
 4,600,438 
 
 14,031 
 
 204,112 
 
 36,551 
 
 898,038 
 
 164,489 
 
 6,054,368 
 
 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 32,259 
 69,447 
 46,699 
 
 647,116 
 1,690,336 
 1,025,510 
 
 9,234 
 21,732 
 15,873 
 46,839 
 
 128,076 
 264,913 
 247,301 
 
 12,205 
 21,720 
 19,787 
 
 363,831 
 613,807 
 524,648 
 
 37,110 
 73,289 
 69,023 
 
 1,443,950 
 2,708,029' 
 
 Bruce 
 
 2,026,260 
 
 Totals 
 
 148,405 
 
 3,262,962 
 
 640,290 
 
 63,682 
 
 1,502,186 
 
 169,422 
 
 6,178,239 
 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 22,703 
 43,541 
 
 451,790 
 741,939 
 
 38,329 
 36,088 
 
 556,920 
 693,972 
 
 25,271 
 .28,741 
 
 616,360 
 807,047 
 
 87,139 
 68,014 
 
 2,872,101 
 
 Simooe 
 
 2,584,532 
 
 Totals 
 
 66,244 
 
 1,193,729 
 
 74,417 
 
 1,250,892 
 
 84,012 
 
 1,423,407 
 
 166,163 
 
 6,456,633 
 
 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 64,948 
 35,179 
 30,176 
 47,772 
 25,401 
 40,011 
 9,998 
 
 1,443,145 
 
 761,625 
 
 ' 602,112 
 
 1,076,781 
 657,552 
 808,222 
 206,159 
 
 18,763 
 13,779 
 
 1,496 
 13,084 
 19,521 
 
 5,529 
 17,989 
 
 252,925 
 189,323 
 
 17,761 
 172,709 
 286,959 
 
 74,089 
 293,401 
 
 11,749 
 13,604 
 18,206 
 13,243 
 33,145 
 14,734 
 13,039 
 
 342,013 
 421,180 
 469,633 
 397,687 
 931,706 
 • 41S,446 
 348,011 
 
 68,745 
 61,197 
 16,946 
 54,171 
 69,930 
 34,184 
 29,152 
 
 2,700,304 
 
 
 2,066,823 
 
 Brant 
 
 583,451 
 
 Wellington 
 
 2,235,095 
 2,587,410 
 
 
 1,198,833 
 
 Duff eriu 
 
 1,065,214 
 
 Totals 
 
 253,484 
 
 6,355,596 
 
 90,160 
 
 1,287,167 
 
 117,720 
 
 3,328,576 
 
 324,325 
 
 12,437,130 
 
 
 
 
 23,100 
 
 32,413 
 
 20,418 
 
 28,791 
 
 29,761 
 
 4,994 
 
 2,959 
 
 9,172 
 
 1,211 
 
 432,663 
 607,912 
 312,600 
 531,770 
 608,315 
 106,971 
 
 68,678 
 231,318 
 
 26,121 
 
 2,183 
 
 2,863 
 
 3,224 
 
 10,779 
 
 24,754 
 
 46,157 
 
 31,635 
 
 26,164 
 
 5,877 
 
 27,768 
 
 37,916 
 
 44,491 
 
 160,823 
 
 461,662 
 
 977,144 
 
 540,510 
 
 • 378,316 
 
 87,332 
 
 3,162 
 12,883 
 13,944 
 33,636 
 87,859 
 37,882 
 52,320 
 48,319 
 34,748 
 
 70,006 
 
 314,088 
 
 330,333 
 
 852,000 
 
 1,720,727 
 
 1,194,041 
 
 1,555,474 
 
 1,101,190 
 
 684,883 
 
 16,277 
 27,797 
 18,144 
 27,143 
 62,423 
 49,123 
 34,202 
 31,324 
 15,482 
 
 509,796 
 
 
 978,176 
 
 Hal ton 
 
 583,692 
 
 Peel 
 
 922,862 
 
 York 
 
 2,564,349 
 
 
 2,079,377 
 
 Durham 
 
 1,330,800 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 972,297 
 468,950 
 
 Totals 
 
 152,819 
 
 2,826,348 
 
 152,616 
 
 2,715,962 
 
 294,743 
 
 7,822,742 
 
 281,916 
 
 10,400,299 
 
 
 
 Lennox & Addington. 
 
 1,602 
 903 
 
 3,479 
 304 
 312 
 215 
 4 
 13 
 135 
 275 
 
 2,003 
 
 32,296 
 
 17,609 
 
 72,468 
 
 6,688 
 
 6,240 
 
 3,296 
 
 80 
 
 312 
 
 2,611 
 
 4,813 
 
 39,760 
 
 5,930 
 
 8,237 
 
 14,663 
 
 5,940 
 
 6,372 
 
 8,932 
 
 9,125 
 
 4,480 
 
 21,140 
 
 24,695 
 
 14,373 
 
 90,492 
 129,403 
 256,163 
 129,492 
 
 99,919 
 166,760 
 199,655 
 
 86,822 
 356,420 
 411,666 
 225,944 
 
 37,846 
 13,422 
 10,282 
 6,117 
 1,693 
 2,047 
 2,702 
 1,346 
 9,343 
 1,357 
 2,763 
 
 870,458 
 
 323,202 
 
 269,697 
 
 152,487 
 
 46,727 
 
 48,780 
 
 90,517 
 
 32,609 
 
 260,867 
 
 38,512 
 
 74,905 
 
 23,922 
 27,963 
 67,448 
 31,351 
 26,398 
 30,930 
 27,039 
 20,091 
 63,448 
 42,741 
 40,430 
 
 713,593 
 824,614 
 
 Leeds & Grenville . . . 
 
 2,241,972 
 1,254,040 
 
 
 990,522- 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 984,502' 
 
 Prescott 
 
 1,015,585. 
 
 
 680,683- 
 
 
 2,066,501 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 1,466,016 
 1,280,418 
 
 Totals 
 
 9,245 
 
 186,073 
 
 122,887 
 
 2,1,52,736 
 
 87,917 
 
 2,208,651 
 
 400,751 
 
 13.518.446. 
 
 
 
 
 9,563 
 
 9,604 
 
 74 
 
 6,689 
 
 221,001 
 
 249,704 
 
 1,140 
 
 172,632 
 
 27,708 
 
 25,185 
 
 1,062 
 
 14,734 
 
 463,278 
 
 426,627 
 
 17,469 
 
 236,481 
 
 34,124 
 
 15,498 
 
 245 
 
 39,881 
 
 857,195 
 
 391,789 
 
 6,034 
 
 1,018,162 
 
 38,204 
 
 30,425 
 
 4,980 
 
 45,107 
 
 1,381,839' 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 1,019,238 
 174,300 
 
 Hastings 
 
 1,494,846 
 
 Totals 
 
 25,830 
 
 644,477 
 
 68,689 
 
 1,142,845 
 
 89,748 
 
 2,273,180 
 
 118,716 
 
 4,070,223 
 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 870 
 
 60 
 
 589 
 
 1,191 
 1,202 
 6,633 
 
 18,079 
 18,883 
 87,587 
 
 668 
 
 1,026 
 
 711 
 
 13,834 
 25,311 
 16,363 
 
 9,225 
 3,756 
 4,149 
 
 277,765. 
 
 
 130,070- 
 
 Algoma 
 
 142,436 
 
 Totals. 
 
 95 
 
 1,519 
 
 7,926 
 
 124,649 
 
 2,406 
 
 55,498 
 
 17,130 
 
 1,621,901 
 1,543,745 
 1,490,654 
 
 550,270. 
 
 
 
 ThePro- /H^5 
 
 886,402 
 875,136 
 982,402 
 
 18,071,142 
 21,478,281 
 20,635,843 
 
 577,465 
 799,463 
 664,360 
 
 9,518,553 
 
 9,129,881 
 
 20,530,031 
 
 735,778 
 897,873 
 727,979 
 
 19,512,278 
 16,533,587 
 19,572,730 
 
 68,665.608: 
 55,229,742 
 55,333,393 
 
59 
 
 RYE, PEASE, CORN, BUCKWHEAT AND BEANS. 
 
 TABLE No. VI.— Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
 Rye, Pease, Corn," Buckwheat and Beans in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 
 Rye. 
 
 Pease. 
 
 COBN. 
 
 BnOKWHEAT. 
 
 1 
 
 Beans. ' 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 664 
 541 
 958 
 
 5,967 
 273 
 502 
 
 8,905 
 
 13,751 
 9,976 
 
 16,669 
 
 82,703 
 4,300 
 
 10,442 
 
 4,399 
 12,878 
 15,758 
 16,769 
 17,880 
 
 4,071 
 71,755 
 
 82,217 
 297.739 
 37i;731 
 366,403 
 395,506 
 
 75,354 
 
 31,294 
 26,544 
 13,177 
 13,141 
 1,121 
 4,996 
 
 2,347,050 
 1,928,422 
 1,032,154 
 
 952,723 
 81,485 
 
 342,376 
 
 660 
 
 875 
 
 1,484 
 
 4,827 
 
 946 
 
 1,976 
 
 17,932 
 18,813 
 29,383 
 99,678 
 20,812 
 37,406 
 
 483 
 12,069 
 883 
 350 
 35 
 479 
 
 12,075- 
 
 267,932 
 
 23,550 
 
 6,139 
 
 525 
 
 9,523 
 
 Totals 
 
 137,841 
 
 1,588,950 
 
 90,273 
 
 6,684,210 
 
 373,787 
 79,853 
 30,870 
 
 10,768 
 
 224,024 
 
 14,299 
 
 319,744 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 46 
 238 
 300 
 584 
 140 
 1,085 
 1,'225 
 
 178 
 600 
 425 
 123 
 348 
 322 
 586 
 
 782 
 7,140 
 4,500 
 
 12,344 
 34,181 
 39,887 
 
 299,836 
 824,788 
 947,715 
 
 ^■2,072,339 
 
 5,755 
 1,014 
 
 441 
 
 312 
 601 
 618 
 
 4,265 
 
 8,016 
 
 10,815 
 
 359 
 182 
 162 
 
 7,259- 
 5,460'. 
 
 1,944 
 
 Totals 
 
 12,422 
 
 86,412 
 
 7,210 
 
 484,510 
 
 1,431 
 
 23,096 
 
 703 
 
 14,663. 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 2,800 
 16,926 
 
 46,570 
 34,241 
 
 1,065,056 
 • '810,484 
 
 371 
 763 
 
 22,260 
 43,873 
 
 454 
 542 
 
 9,838 
 8,672 
 
 96 
 106 
 
 2,176 
 2,650 
 
 Totals 
 
 19,726 
 
 80,811 
 
 1,875,540 
 
 1,134 
 
 66,133 
 
 996 
 
 18,510 
 
 202 
 
 4,826. 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Biant 
 
 Perth 
 
 WeUingtou 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 DufEerin 
 
 3,427 
 12,198 
 6,460 
 2,460 
 6,473 
 5,690 
 14,650 
 
 25,567 
 18,449 
 9,989 
 23,125 
 38,298 
 15,467 
 10,454 
 
 596,478 
 456,428 
 209,769 
 630,388 
 970,088 
 366,104 
 254,137 
 
 9,696 
 
 7,014 
 
 3,836 
 
 460 
 
 284 
 
 726 
 
 32 
 
 649,050 
 
 465,519 
 
 276,499 
 
 32,200 
 
 17,040 
 
 55,662 
 
 • 1,920 
 
 846 
 572 
 574 
 193 
 171 
 96 
 119 
 
 16,497 
 13,345 
 13,122 
 3,860 
 4,019 
 2,112 
 2,152 
 
 228 
 126 
 209 
 30 
 55 
 62 
 33 
 
 4,332 
 3,150 
 4,347 
 
 900 
 1,100 
 1,240 
 
 660 
 
 Totals...... 
 
 2,582 
 
 , 51,358 
 
 141,349 
 
 3,483,392 
 
 22,048 
 
 1,497,890 
 
 2,571 
 
 55,107 
 
 743 
 
 15,729 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 293 
 
 244 
 
 212 
 
 423 
 
 615 
 
 1,494 
 
 3,727 
 
 6,986 
 
 7,880 
 
 5,066 
 
 3,782 
 
 3,286 
 
 8,460 
 
 9,489 
 
 21,215 
 
 56,762 
 
 101,157 
 
 107,877 
 
 5,210 
 11,121 
 10,757 
 13,698 
 29,672 
 29,767 
 21,769 
 20,831 
 17,619 
 
 104,669 
 246,886 
 248,272 
 
 5,262 
 
 3,118 
 
 • 818 
 
 338,768 
 
 208,657 
 
 32,720 
 
 22,438 
 
 58,695 
 
 126,977 
 
 74,849 
 
 159,626 
 
 121,455 
 
 673 
 
 744 
 
 148 
 
 50 
 
 322 
 
 504 
 
 1,390 
 
 7,707 
 
 7,857 
 
 15,634 
 
 15,349 
 
 2,664 
 
 1,000 
 
 6,978 
 
 15,120 
 
 30,066 
 
 174,872 
 
 170,575 
 
 125 
 66 
 81 
 
 2,813 
 1,980 
 1,620 
 
 Peel 
 
 299,575! 359 
 
 40 800 
 
 York 
 
 694,622 
 736,733 
 517,449 
 442,659 
 364,889 
 
 903 
 2,005 
 1,271 
 2,982 
 2,699 
 
 65 
 117 
 235 
 345 
 832 
 
 2,0B9 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 Prince Edward . 
 
 3,510 
 
 4,794 
 
 10,902 
 
 15,533 
 
 Totals 
 
 21,874 
 
 3,610 
 
 726 
 2,298 
 945 
 207 
 22 
 270 
 
 317,094 
 
 57,255 
 11,333 
 36,768 
 20,223 
 
 5,036 
 330 
 
 5,281 
 
 160,444 
 
 9,816 
 
 12,607 
 
 6,012 
 
 1,400 
 
 2,573 
 
 6,214 
 
 7,758 
 
 3,714 
 
 14,012 
 
 23,073 
 
 12,466 
 
 99,645 
 
 16,962 
 17.046 
 1,653 
 20,472 
 
 56,033 
 
 2,747 
 1,133 
 3,607 
 
 7.,487 
 
 703,936 
 646,081 
 604,897 
 
 3,655,754 
 
 209,964 
 
 235,247 
 
 124,509 
 
 32,620 
 
 52,489 
 
 110,299 
 
 160,048 
 
 64,735 
 
 289,208 
 
 439,541 
 
 258,171 
 
 19,417 
 
 1,388 
 
 1,172 
 
 3,460 
 
 1,325 
 
 746 
 
 317 
 
 1,337 
 
 234 
 
 1,011 
 
 263 
 
 928 
 
 1,144,185 
 
 19,395 
 
 432,258 
 
 1,906 
 
 44,011 
 
 Lennox & Add. . 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds and Gren . 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stonuont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 'RnRsell 
 
 78,186 
 56,256 
 225,592 
 ' 86,125 
 44,760 
 22,190 
 72,198 
 15,989 
 38,418 
 18,410 
 43,616 
 
 4,548 
 1,698 
 5,071 
 1,423 
 1,903 
 688 
 1,507 
 1,228 
 3,912 
 1,312 
 5,699 
 
 105,059 
 39,411 
 
 122,110 
 44,725 
 66,605 
 15,480 
 40,900 
 39,296 
 
 106,064 
 40,672 
 
 136,776 
 
 221 
 401 
 314 
 194 
 74 
 100 
 345 
 158 
 428 
 419 
 108 
 
 3,536 
 11,160 
 9,106 
 5,626 
 1,665 
 3,000 
 8,798 
 2,370 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 3,040 
 
 4,915 
 
 2,140 
 
 18,173 
 
 773 
 3,059 
 
 150 
 
 9,794 
 
 13,776 
 
 57,456 
 
 104,198 
 
 35,524 
 
 10,028 
 
 13,127 
 
 3,060 
 
 Totals 
 
 333,404 
 
 10,822 
 
 50,994 
 
 2,207 
 
 157,977 
 
 1,976,831 
 
 12,181 
 
 701,740 
 
 28,989 
 
 370 
 
 850 
 
 185 
 
 4,916 
 
 757,088 
 
 2,762 
 
 71,476 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough . . . 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 382,663 
 
 362,398 
 
 33,001 
 
 460,211 
 
 237 
 
 159 
 
 73 
 
 3,560 
 
 20,145 
 
 10,601 
 
 3,650 
 
 183,945 
 
 5,550 
 
 20,400 
 
 4,163 
 
 128,996 
 
 57 
 
 90 
 
 14 
 
 253 
 
 1,140 
 
 2,100 
 
 350 
 
 6,768 
 
 Totals 
 
 222,000 
 
 1,238,273 
 
 4,029 
 
 218,341 
 
 6,321 
 
 159,109 
 
 414 
 
 10,358 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound . . . 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Totals 
 
 341 
 
 242 
 
 77 
 
 660 
 
 67,779 
 
 78,293 
 
 124,575 
 
 6,138 
 5,324 
 1,155 
 
 62,879 
 21,856 
 67,920 
 
 160 
 34 
 
 8 
 
 6,200 
 
 1,700 
 
 400 
 
 241 
 65 
 15 
 
 7,953 
 
 1,300 
 
 263 
 
 27 
 7 
 9 
 
 945 
 140 
 180 
 
 12,617 
 
 152,655 
 
 16,043,734 
 14,006,192 
 13,084,274 
 
 202 
 
 156,494 
 167,831 
 176,410 
 
 8,300 
 
 321 
 
 9,516 
 
 43 
 
 1,265 
 
 The Province: 
 1886........ 
 
 1885 
 
 1882-6 
 
 1,106,462 
 1,271,506 
 2,102,453 
 
 10,805,309 
 10,741,391 
 11,975,813 
 
 70,792 
 61,776 
 62,110 
 
 1,678,708 
 1,530,676 
 1,489,231 
 
 21,072 
 24,651 
 22,597 
 
 482,072 
 496,564 
 495,148 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
60 
 
 BOOTS. 
 
 TABLE No. VII. —Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
 Potatoes, Mangel-wurzels, Carrots and Turnips in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 , COUNTIES. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Mangei.- 
 
 , WURZBLS. 
 
 OabbotS. 
 
 TUENIPS. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 2,669 
 3,288 
 2,445 
 2,778 
 1,213 
 1,800 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Acres 
 
 Bvsh. • 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Essex 
 
 240,610 
 387,294 
 281,786 
 241,464 
 152,341 
 167,058 
 
 213 
 259 
 
 258 
 235 
 127 
 110 
 
 106,500 
 142,996 
 135,450 
 114,823 
 40,217 
 73,334 
 
 87 
 
 171 
 
 104 
 
 108 
 
 91 
 
 52 
 
 23,200 
 56,804 
 44,497 
 37,516 
 21,840 
 24,440 
 
 152 
 266 
 240 
 838 
 70 
 163 
 
 51,490 
 
 Kent 
 
 Elgin 
 
 89,315 
 96,343 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 394,078 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 18,500 
 73,350 
 
 Totals 
 
 14,193 
 
 1,470,553 
 
 1,202 
 
 613,3201 6131 
 
 208,297 
 
 1,729 
 
 723,076 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,474 
 4,688 
 4,465 
 
 , 245,495 
 433,968 
 363,898 
 
 290 
 
 1,549 
 
 335 
 
 135,679 
 834,586 
 163,085 
 
 158 
 457 
 241 
 
 55,893 
 
 182,206 
 
 84,391 
 
 219 
 5,738 
 5,269 
 
 91,980 
 
 
 2,835,146 
 
 Bruce 
 
 2,537,919 
 
 Totals 
 
 11,627 
 
 1,043,361 
 
 2,174 
 
 1,133,350 
 
 856 
 
 322,490 
 
 11,226 
 
 5,465,045 
 
 
 
 Grey 
 
 6,376 
 6,303 
 
 653,221 
 746,653 
 
 346 
 637 
 
 164,783 
 345,573 
 
 540 
 556 
 
 212,760 
 237,846 
 
 8,323 
 3,857 
 
 3,999,784 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 1,836,279 
 
 Totals 
 
 12,679 
 
 1,399,874 
 
 983 
 
 510,356 
 
 1,096 
 
 450,606 
 
 12,180 
 
 1,546 
 4,969 
 2,427 
 4,095 
 12,243 
 4,881 
 2,002 
 
 5,836,063 
 
 Middlesex . ^ 
 
 Oxford , 
 
 5,224 
 2,665 
 1,873 
 3,194 
 
 590,730 
 286,754 
 222,419 
 308.221 
 
 1,424 
 1,186 
 
 390 
 1,457 
 
 945 
 
 757,767 
 622,911 
 196,775 
 864,831 
 474,683 
 174,744 
 44,800 
 
 476 
 279 
 162 
 350 
 254 
 319 
 123 
 
 177,353 
 120,511 
 
 68,262 
 165,340 
 
 79,586 
 156,310 
 
 49,200 
 
 700,694 
 2,521,768 
 
 Brant . . 
 
 1,234,736 
 
 Perth.... 
 
 2i221,538 
 
 
 5,0531 •576,143 
 
 6,833,563 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 2,637 238,332 383 
 
 2,391,690 
 
 
 2,504 287,,008 
 
 84 
 
 871,711 
 
 Totals 
 
 23,150 2,509,607 
 
 5,869 
 
 3,136,511 
 
 1,953 
 
 816,562 
 
 32,163 
 
 16,775,690 
 
 
 
 
 1,751 193,118 
 3,028 324.753 
 
 233 
 312 
 488 
 400 
 1,893 
 698 
 439 
 486 
 151 
 
 90,446 
 204,001 
 210,450 
 140,000 
 866,048 
 290,836 
 187,795 
 201,029 
 
 80,i>33 
 
 97 
 142 
 164 
 269 
 580 
 508 
 418 
 238 
 
 31 
 
 32,980 
 
 67,450 
 
 67,240 
 
 78,459 
 
 . 228,131 
 
 193,431 
 
 168,922 
 
 86,503 
 
 , 7,750 
 
 216 
 2,390 
 1,824 
 1,261 
 2,824 
 11,646 
 5,951 
 3,410 
 106 
 
 81,197 
 
 
 1,441,959 
 
 Halton 
 
 1,390 
 2,373 
 6,388 
 3,443 
 2,891 
 3,708 
 2,713 
 
 125,726 
 248,168 
 652,854 
 446,833 
 421,826 
 352,260 
 272,277 
 
 861,329 
 
 Peel 
 
 483,379 
 
 York 
 
 1,259,024 
 
 Ontario . 
 
 5,283,091 
 
 
 2,540,006 
 
 
 1,459,275 
 
 Prince Edward .>. . 
 
 39,220 
 
 Totals 
 
 27,685 
 
 3,086 
 3,493 
 6,379 
 2,321 
 2,045 
 2,443 
 2,519 
 1,534 
 5,828 
 4,038 
 3,456 
 
 37,142 
 
 3,037,815 
 
 5,100 
 
 2,271,138 
 
 2,447 
 
 930,866 
 
 29,628 
 
 13,448,480 
 
 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 360,507 
 464,814 
 780,917 
 247,187 
 224,950 
 210,098 
 333,012 
 116,016 
 616,078 
 663,888 
 438,048 
 4,495,515 
 
 130 
 
 286 
 
 167 
 
 , 209 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 26 
 
 80 
 
 566 
 
 113 
 
 106 
 
 39,558 
 112,793 
 73,323 
 78,3® 
 14,333 
 13,200 
 12,838 
 21,334 
 210,450 
 52,734 
 43,283 
 
 59 
 
 226 
 
 158 
 
 57 
 
 14 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 97 
 
 526 
 
 104 
 
 142 
 
 16,891 
 
 64,598 
 
 47,307 
 
 17.100 
 
 5,600 
 
 8,600 
 
 18,900 
 
 27,483 
 
 163,938 
 
 39,000 
 
 43,783 
 
 95 
 
 558 
 
 195 
 
 42 
 
 95 
 
 65 
 
 135 
 
 216 
 
 1,534 
 
 614 
 
 • 580 
 
 25,531 
 183,554 
 
 Jjeeds and Grenville 
 
 68,576 
 
 
 14,000 
 
 
 33,260 
 
 
 29,2.50 
 
 Prescott 
 
 69,694 
 
 Russell 
 
 73,801 
 
 Carleton 
 
 617,435 
 
 
 226,063 
 
 Lanark 
 
 209,444 
 
 ' Totals 
 
 1,770 
 
 672,221 
 
 1,471 
 
 453,200 
 
 4,129 
 
 1,550,598 
 
 
 
 Victoria 
 
 2,692 
 
 2,477 
 
 543 
 
 5,425 
 
 365,654 
 345,467 
 105,282 
 808,813 
 
 477 
 
 239 
 
 18 
 
 253 
 
 230,548 
 
 97,194 
 
 7,200 
 
 89,605 
 
 274 
 
 272 
 
 25 
 
 139 
 
 113,252 
 92,480 
 12,600 
 46,148 
 
 3,110 
 
 1,258 
 
 281 
 
 91S 
 
 1,521.692 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 497,954 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 117,669 
 
 Hastings 
 
 335,866 
 
 Totals 
 
 11,137 
 
 1,270 
 593 
 667 
 
 1,625,216 
 
 987 
 
 424,547 
 
 710 
 
 264,890 
 
 5,662 
 
 2,473,171 
 
 
 247,320 
 117,491 
 105,606 
 
 54 
 
 S 
 2g 
 
 15,75C 
 
 750 
 
 9,80C 
 
 76 
 2C 
 2E 
 
 17,10C 
 9,00( 
 6,25( 
 
 1,091 
 > ' 64( 
 ) 68: 
 
 37?,955 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 189,000 
 
 Algoma 
 
 ! 221,975 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,530 
 
 470,417 
 
 8E 
 
 26,30( 
 
 ) 121 
 
 i 9,26' 
 ) 9,02' 
 i 10,10 
 
 32,35( 
 
 ) 2,31' 
 
 788,930 
 
 
 
 (•1886 
 
 140,143 
 159,741 
 159,233 
 
 16,012,358 
 21,091,144 
 19,896,53S 
 
 18,17( 
 16,43f 
 17,191 
 
 ) 8,787,74: 
 ) 7,660,72! 
 L 7,813,41f 
 
 ' 3,478,751 
 1 3,402,31 
 L 3,826,53 
 
 L 98,93 
 ) 102,30 
 5 96,53 
 
 I 47,061,053 
 
 The Provinces 1885 
 
 3 41,137,735 
 
 (.1882-6..^... 
 
 r 39,568,767 
 
61 
 
 AVERAGE PRODUCTION. 
 
 TABLE No. VIII. — Showinfr by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the average produce of 
 crops per acre in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 t 
 
 ^ 
 
 Bu. 
 22.2 
 21.9 
 23.0 
 15.6 
 15.4 
 19.6 
 
 a K 
 
 ji 
 
 Bu. 
 14.5 
 17.9 
 14.3 
 12.2 
 12:3 
 13.4 
 
 i 
 
 Bu. 
 
 27.8 
 28.6 
 29.5 
 23.5 
 24.1 
 21.4 
 
 1 
 
 Bu. 
 43.5 
 43.6 
 42.4 
 32.7 
 33.5 
 34.2 
 
 1 
 
 Bu. 
 
 20.7 
 18.4 
 17.4 
 13.9 
 15.8 
 20.8 
 
 iS 
 
 Bu. 
 18.7 
 23.1 
 23.6 
 21.9 
 22.1 
 18.5 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Bu. 
 
 75.0 
 72.7 
 78.3 
 72.5 
 72.7 
 68.5 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 W 
 
 Bu. 
 
 27.2 
 21.5 
 19.8 
 20.7 
 22.0 
 18.9 
 
 03 
 
 < 
 
 .«_ 
 Bu. 
 25.0 
 22.2 
 26.7 
 17.5 
 15.0 
 19.9 
 
 
 ! 
 
 B csi 
 
 i 
 
 EH 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 Ton 
 1.43 
 1.25 
 1.35 
 1.40 
 1.41 
 1.28 
 
 Bu. 
 
 90.2 
 117.8 
 115.3 
 
 86.9 
 125.6 
 
 92.8 
 
 Bu. 
 
 500.0 
 552.1 
 525.0 
 488.6 
 316.7 
 666.7 
 
 Bu. 
 
 266.7 
 
 332,2 
 
 427,9 
 
 347.4 
 
 240.0 
 
 470.0 
 
 Bu. 
 338.8 
 335 8 
 
 Elgin 
 
 401 4 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 470 3 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 264.3 
 450.0 
 
 Group. 
 
 20.0 
 
 14.5 
 
 25.3 
 
 39.2 
 
 15.5 
 
 22.1 
 
 74.0 
 
 20.8 
 
 22.4 
 
 1.35 
 
 103.6 
 
 510.2 
 
 339.8 
 
 418.2 
 
 
 20.1 
 22.9 
 22.0 
 
 13.9 
 12.2 
 15.6 
 
 29.8 
 28.3 
 26.6 
 
 38.9 
 37.0 
 34.3 
 
 17.0 
 30.0 
 15.0 
 
 24 3 
 24.1 
 23.8 
 
 65.0 
 78.8 
 70.0 
 
 13.7 
 16.0 
 17.5 
 
 20.2 
 30.0 
 12.0 
 
 1.15 
 
 99.2 
 
 467.9 
 538.8 
 486.8 
 
 353.8 
 398.7 
 350.2 
 
 420 
 
 
 1.28 92.61 
 
 494 1 
 
 Bruce 
 
 1.11 
 
 81.5 
 
 481.7 
 
 Group 
 
 22.013.7 
 
 28.0 
 
 36.5 
 
 21.3 
 
 24.0 
 
 67.2 
 
 16.120.9 
 
 1.19 
 
 89.7 
 
 521.3 
 
 376.7 
 
 486.8 
 
 Grey 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 19.9 
 17.0 
 
 14.5 
 19.2 
 
 24.4 
 28.1 
 
 33.0 
 38.0 
 
 20.0 
 15.6 
 
 22.9 
 23.7 
 
 60.0 
 
 57.5 
 
 21.7'22.7 
 16.0 25.0 
 
 1.00 
 1.23 
 
 102.5 
 118.5 
 
 476.3 
 542.5 
 
 394,0 
 427,8 
 
 480.6 
 476.1 
 
 Group 
 
 18.0 
 
 16.8 
 
 26.4 
 
 35.2 
 
 16.1 
 
 23.2 
 
 .58.3 
 
 18.6,23.9 
 
 1.09 
 
 110.4 
 
 519.2 
 
 411,1 
 
 479.2 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 22.2 
 21.7 
 16.6 
 22.5 
 22.0 
 20,2 
 20.6 
 
 13.5 
 13.7 
 11.9 
 13.2 
 14.7 
 13.4 
 16.3 
 
 29.1 
 31.0 
 
 25.8 
 30.0 
 28.1 
 28.4 
 26.7 
 
 39.3 
 40.4 
 34.4 
 41.3 
 37.0 
 35.1 
 36.5 
 
 19.3 
 20.3 
 15.2 
 20.0 
 18.6 
 17.7 
 25.0 
 
 23.3 
 
 24.7 
 21.0 
 27.3 
 25.3 
 23.7 
 24.3 
 
 66.9 
 66.4 
 72.1 
 70.0 
 60.0 
 76.7 
 60.0 
 
 19.5 
 23.3 
 22.9 
 20.0 
 23.5 
 22.0 
 18.0 
 
 19.0 
 25.0 
 20.8 
 30.0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 
 1.35 
 1.45 
 1.30 
 
 113.1 
 107.6 
 118.8 
 
 532.1 
 525.2 
 504.6 
 593.6 
 502.3 
 456.3 
 533.3 
 
 372.6 
 431.9 
 449.1 
 
 453.2 
 507.5 
 508.8. 
 
 Perth 
 
 1.24 96.5 
 
 472,4 542,5 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 1.41 
 
 1.58 
 
 .96 
 
 114.0 
 
 90.4 
 
 114.6 
 
 313,3 558,2 
 490,0 490.0 
 400.0 435.4 
 
 
 21.1 
 
 14.3 
 
 28.3 
 
 38.3 
 
 19.9 
 
 24.6]67.9 
 
 21.4 
 
 21.2 
 
 1.35 
 
 108.4 
 
 534.4 
 
 418,1 
 
 521.6 
 
 
 18.7 
 15.7 
 15.3 
 18.5 
 20.4 
 21.4 
 23.2 
 25.2 
 21.6 
 
 12.7 
 13.3 
 
 13.8 
 
 22.231.3 
 24.4'35.2 
 23.7132.2 
 
 17.3 
 
 20.1 
 
 64.4 
 66.9 
 40.0 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 63.3 
 58.9 
 53.5 
 45.0 
 
 23.2 
 20.6 
 18.0 
 20.0 
 21.7 
 30.0 
 21.6 
 
 22.5 
 30.0 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 31.7 
 30.0 
 20.4 
 
 1.42 
 1.11 
 1.25 
 1.59 
 1.25 
 1.44 
 1.46 
 1.44 
 1.50 
 
 110.3 
 107.3 
 
 90.5 
 104.6 
 102.2 
 129.8 
 145.9 
 
 95.0 
 100.4 
 
 388.2 
 653.9 
 431.3 
 350.0 
 457.5 
 416.7 
 427.8 
 413.6 
 533.3 
 
 340,0 
 475,0 
 410,0 
 291,7 
 393,3 
 380,8 
 404.1 
 363.5 
 250.0 
 
 375.9 
 
 
 15.5122.2 
 15.5|23.1 
 
 603.3 
 
 Halton 
 
 472,2 
 
 York 
 
 14.9!25.3J34.0 
 18.7129.7 40.9 
 21.2;31.5'42.3 
 
 20.0 
 15.4 
 14.2 
 15.2 
 14.5 
 13.7 
 
 21.9 
 23.4 
 24 8 
 23.8 
 21.3 
 20.7 
 
 383,3 
 
 445.8 
 
 
 453.6 
 
 
 17.l|29.7 
 15.0 22.8 
 14.9J19.7 
 
 38.9 
 31.0 
 30.3 
 
 426,8 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 22.7i31.6 
 
 427,9 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 21.7 
 
 18.7 
 
 370,0 
 
 Group 
 
 18.5 
 
 17.8 
 
 26.5 
 
 36.9 
 
 14.5 
 
 22.8 
 
 58.9 
 
 22.3 
 
 23.1 
 
 1.38 
 
 109.7 
 
 445.3 
 
 380.4 
 
 453.9 
 
 Lennox and Addington 
 
 Leeds and Grenyille 
 
 Stormont 
 
 20.2 
 19.5 
 20.8 
 22.0 
 20.0 
 15.3 
 20.0 
 
 15.3 
 15.7 
 17.5 
 21.8 
 18.6 
 18.7 
 
 m 9 
 
 23.0 
 24.1 
 26.2 
 29.8 
 27.6 
 23.8 
 33.5 
 24.2 
 27.9 
 28.4 
 27.1 
 
 29.8 
 29.5 
 33.2 
 40.0 
 39.0 
 31.8 
 37.6 
 33.9 
 32.6 
 34.3 
 31.7 
 
 15.9 
 15.6 
 16.0 
 21.4 
 24.3 
 15.0 
 19.6 
 
 i 
 
 18.9 
 21.2 
 16.6 
 
 21.4 
 18.7 
 20.7 
 23.3 
 20.4 
 17.8 
 20.6 
 17.4 
 20.6 
 19.1 
 20.7 
 
 56.3 
 48.0 
 65'. 2 
 65.0 
 60.0 
 70.0 
 54.0 
 68.3 
 38.0 
 70.0 
 47.0 
 
 23.1 
 23.2 
 24.1 
 31.4 
 35.0 
 22.5 
 27.1 
 
 16.0 
 27.8 
 29.0 
 29.0 
 22.5 
 30.0 
 125.5 
 
 1.59 
 1.21 
 1.25 
 1.55 
 1.50 
 1.63 
 1.46 
 1.29 
 1.42 
 1.28 
 1.46 
 
 116.8 
 133.1 
 122.4 
 106.5 
 110.0 
 
 86.0 
 132.2 
 
 75.6 
 105.7 
 164.4 
 126.8 
 
 304.3 
 394.4 
 439.1 
 375.0 
 333,3 
 300.0 
 493.8 
 266.7 
 371.8 
 466.7 
 408.3 
 
 "286.3 
 285.8 
 299,4 
 300,0 
 400,0 
 200,0 
 420,0 
 283,3 
 311.7 
 375.0 
 308.3 
 
 268.8 
 329.0 
 351.7 
 333,3 
 350.0 
 450,0 
 516,3 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 24. C 19.4 
 18.616.9 
 17.516.7 
 19.915.7 
 
 32.0 15.0 
 27.123.4 
 31.0 31.3 
 24.0128.3 
 
 341.7 
 402,5 
 368,2 
 361,1 
 
 
 20.117.5 
 23.116.7 
 
 25.1 
 
 25.1 
 25.3 
 24.6 
 
 25. e 
 
 25. S 
 
 33.7 
 
 36.2 
 33.6 
 35.0 
 33.1 
 34.3 
 
 18.3 
 
 14.0 
 16.7 
 14.7 
 16.1 
 
 16.1 
 
 19.8 
 
 22.6 
 21.3 
 21.3 
 22.5 
 
 22.1 
 
 57.6 
 
 85.0 
 66.7 
 5O.0 
 51.7 
 54.2 
 
 26.1 
 
 25. Oil. 39 
 
 120.0 
 
 379.8 
 
 308.1 
 
 375,5 
 
 
 15.0 
 24.0 
 22.5 
 26.2 
 
 25.2 
 
 20.011.13 
 
 135.8 
 139.5 
 193.9 
 149.1 
 
 483.3 
 406.7 
 400,0 
 354,2 
 
 413.3 
 340.0 
 500,0 
 332,0 
 
 489,3 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 26.0 
 15.4 
 26.2 
 25. C 
 
 15.0 
 20.0 
 17. S 
 16. C 
 
 20.4 
 24. S 
 21.0 
 
 16.9 
 16.4 
 16.1 
 16.6 
 
 23.3 
 
 25.0 
 26.8 
 
 1.33 
 
 .92 
 
 1.11 
 
 395.8 
 418.8 
 367.9 
 
 Group 
 
 25. C 
 
 1.15 
 
 145.8 
 
 430,1 
 
 372,4 
 
 444.7 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 15.2 
 15.7 
 15. S 
 
 15.7 
 
 16. e 
 11.4 
 16.1 
 
 20.7 
 24.7 
 23. C 
 
 23.] 
 
 26. £ 
 27.7 
 26. £ 
 
 30.1 
 34.6 
 34. E 
 
 18. C 
 22. C 
 15. C 
 
 22. £ 
 
 19. S 
 18. S 
 
 38.6 
 50. C 
 50. ( 
 
 33. C 
 
 20. C 
 
 )17.E 
 
 35. C 
 20. C 
 20. C 
 
 .99 
 .75 
 .88 
 
 194.7 
 198.1 
 158.3 
 
 291.7 
 250. C 
 350 C 
 
 225, C 
 450. C 
 250. C 
 
 346.4 
 
 350.0 
 
 > 325.0 
 
 Group 
 
 32.1 
 
 19.1 
 
 20.4141.1 
 
 L29.f 
 
 29. ■« 
 
 \\ .91 
 
 185. { 
 
 309,4 
 
 267.; 
 
 ! 340.9 
 
 (1886 
 
 U882-6 
 
 36.5 
 35 i 
 37.1 
 
 16. S 
 16.5 
 16. £ 
 
 1 
 
 22.5 
 21.' 
 21. ( 
 
 !69.( 
 
 64. ( 
 
 )67.! 
 
 )23.' 
 )24.J 
 )24.( 
 
 22. ( 
 i20.1 
 )21.S 
 
 1.3E 
 L1.4J 
 
 )1.45 
 
 1 
 
 114.; 
 132. ( 
 125. ( 
 
 i 483. ( 
 ) 466,1 
 ) 454, f 
 
 375.' 
 
 383.' 
 
 ) 378.! 
 
 t 475.7 
 r 402.1 
 i 409.9 
 
62 
 
 VALUES. 
 
 TABLE No. IX.-Showing by 
 
 County Municipalities and groups of 
 Property in Ontario in the year 1886. 
 
 Counties the value of Farm 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Fakm 
 Lands. 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 Imple- 
 ments. 
 
 Live Stock. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 1886. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1882-6. - 
 
 
 $ 
 14,683,063 
 24,000,254 
 19,160,401 
 12,196,960 
 10,021,290 
 9,008,671 
 
 $ 
 3,407,642 
 5,367,142 
 4,874,113 
 4,069,086 
 3,374,234 
 .3,156,526 
 
 S 
 1,018,731 
 1,482,389 
 1,321,924 
 1,008,338 
 945,020 
 745,382 
 
 $ 
 2,209,466 
 3,225,926 
 2,704,451 
 1,915.557 
 ■ 1,955,289 
 1,414,281 
 
 ■| 
 21,318,902 
 34,075,711 
 28,060,889 
 19,189,941 
 16,295,833 
 14,324,860 
 
 $ 
 21,366,145 
 33,869,357 
 27,246,983 
 18,699,934 
 15,395,953 
 11,086,620 
 
 20,994,120 
 
 
 33,124,449 
 
 Elffin . . . . 
 
 27,313,684 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Haldimand 
 
 Welland 
 
 18,870,203 
 15,404,660 
 13,936,527 
 
 Totals 
 
 89,070,639 
 
 24,248,743 
 
 6,521,784 
 
 13,424,970 
 
 133,266,136 
 
 130,663,992 
 
 129,640,643 
 
 Lambton 
 
 20,279,853 
 32,959,302 
 23,056,391 
 
 4,379,614 
 8,155,112 
 5,537.174 
 
 1,210,073 
 2,332,115 
 1,627.276 
 
 • 2,766,882 
 5,663,504 
 4,037,143 
 
 28,636,422 
 49,110,033 
 34,257,984 
 
 27,216,875 
 48,219,559 
 32,809,764 
 
 28,234,202 
 47,289,529 
 
 Bruce 
 
 33,588,874 
 
 Totals 
 
 76,295,546 
 
 18,071,900 
 
 5,169,464 
 
 12,467,529 
 
 112,004,439 
 
 108,246,198 
 
 109,112,606 
 
 
 23,265,073 
 26,232,430 
 
 6,663,354 
 6,559,754 
 
 2,082,574 
 2,132,640 
 4,215,214 
 
 - 4,791,578 
 4,200,034 
 
 36,802,579 
 39,124,858 
 
 36,905,607 
 38,310,300 
 
 36,119,758 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 37,775,909 
 
 Totals 
 
 49,497,503 
 
 13,223,108 
 
 8,991,612 
 
 75,927,437 
 
 75,215,907 
 
 73,895,667 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 38,381,450 
 24,405,541 
 11,117,885 
 23,172,777 
 22,352,499 
 15,416,728 
 8,772,242 
 
 10,072,194 
 7,141,216 
 3,679,491 
 6,247,895 
 6,815,234 
 4,919,434 
 2,130,470 
 
 2,649,232 
 1,638,201 
 
 923,163 
 1,743,279 
 1,907,115 
 1,261,156 
 
 706,796 
 
 6,312,359 
 3,795,781 
 1,757,546 
 3,895,298 
 ■4,341,773 
 2,291,004 
 1,514,969 
 
 57,415,235 
 36,980,739 
 17,478,085 
 .35,059,249 
 35,416,621 
 23,888,322 
 13,124,477 
 
 55,890,008 
 36,894,494 
 16,819,585 
 34,378,577 
 36,062,893 
 22,955,014 
 12,614,725 
 
 56,091,692 
 36,204,656 
 
 
 16,784,974 
 
 Perth 
 
 34,296,739 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 DufEerin 
 
 34,354,286 
 22,989,016 
 12,803,748 
 
 Totals 
 
 143,619,122 
 
 41,005,934 
 
 10,828,942 
 
 23,908,730 
 
 219,362,728 
 
 214,61-5,296 
 14,192,016 
 21,187,983 
 14,965,859 
 20,234,277 
 44,723,156 
 31,697,154 
 ' 24,855,504 
 24,841,877 
 14,992,612 
 
 213,525,010 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 York 
 
 9,187,563 
 14,060,340 
 
 9,668,619 
 13,333,878 
 29,449,409 
 21,192,926 
 17,282,026 
 16,705,972 
 
 9,864,273 
 
 3,240,080 
 4,754,027 
 3,473,762 
 4,201,677 
 8,547,045 
 5,884,432 
 4,509,465 
 5,363,910 
 3,120,370 
 
 843,165 
 1,146,137 
 
 .825,456 
 1,118,971 
 2,039,399 
 1,482,946 
 1,179,198 
 1,263,015 
 
 876,038 
 
 1,610,496 
 2,229,630 
 1,724,904 
 2,229,160 
 4,190,090 
 3,648,656 
 2,555,010 
 2,649,483 
 1,489,710 
 
 14,781,304 
 22,190,134 
 * 15,692,741 
 20,883,686 
 44,225,943 
 32,208,959 
 25,525,699 
 25,973,380 
 15,350,391 
 
 13,937,268 
 21,155,835 
 14,685,516 
 19,963,943 
 43,288,943 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumberland 
 Prince Edward . 
 
 31,174,280 
 24,393,015 
 24,169,236 
 14,566,229 
 
 Totals 
 
 - 140,745,006 
 
 43,094,768 
 
 10,774,325 
 
 22,218,138 
 
 216,832,237 
 
 211,690,438 
 
 207.324,265 
 
 Lennox & Add . 
 
 Frontenac 
 
 Leeds &Gr'nville 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Kussell 
 
 11,011,-318 
 9,223,770 
 
 17,823,642 
 8,525,-531 
 6,237,364 
 7,272,976 
 6,908,598 
 4,646,658 
 
 15,507,971 
 6,601,900 
 8,036,209 
 
 3,357,640 
 2,95.3,618 
 6,091,028 
 2,558,959 
 2,041,749 
 2,271,389 
 2,023,897 
 • 1,077,667 
 4,362,342 
 2,279,118 
 2,821,186 
 
 958,379 
 910,419 
 
 1,570,922 
 673,570 
 583,697 
 710,788 
 594,186 
 421,125 
 
 1,350,391 
 848,712 
 842,847 
 
 1,073,361 
 1,598,004 
 3,317,714 
 1,338,603 
 1,160,215 
 1,416,788 
 1,073,118 
 722,658 
 2,509,448 
 1,887,927 
 1,914,985 
 
 17,000,698 
 14,685,811 
 28,803,306 
 13,096,663 
 10,023,025 
 11,W1,941 
 10,599,799 
 6,868,108 
 23,730,152 
 11,617,657 
 13,615,227 
 
 15,465,425 
 
 13,989,544 
 
 26,044,599 
 
 12,35^,018 
 
 9,229,354 
 
 10,488,140 
 
 9,366,416 
 
 7,087,861 
 
 22,082,508 
 
 10,347,663 
 
 12,705,053 
 
 149,761,581 
 
 15,830,181 
 
 . 13,795,573 
 
 26,937,392 
 
 12,137,700 
 
 9,195,031 
 
 10,447,416 
 
 ■ 8,965,104 
 
 6,469,911 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 21,455,554 
 10,125,787 
 12,146,593 
 
 Totals'. 
 
 101795,937 
 
 31,838,593 
 
 9,465,036 
 
 18,612,821 
 
 161,712,387 
 
 147,506,242 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough. .. 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 12,464,595 
 
 11,304,906 
 
 951,037 
 
 17,792,385 
 
 3,047,703 
 
 2,896,092 
 
 261,995 
 
 4,973,830 
 
 918,528 
 
 758,082 
 
 62,774 
 
 1,457,562 
 
 1,997,310 
 
 1,601,122 
 
 201,666 
 
 2,691,399 
 
 18,428,130 
 
 16,560,202 
 
 1,477,472 
 
 26,915,176 
 
 18,642,995 
 
 16,316,801 
 
 1,255,902 
 
 25,049,376 
 
 18,542,308 
 
 15,861,228 
 
 1,160,992 
 
 24,986,474 
 
 Totals 
 
 42,512,923 
 
 11,179,620 
 
 3,196,946 
 
 6,491,497 
 
 63,380,986 
 
 61,265,074 
 
 60,551,002 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound 
 
 Algoma 
 
 2,063,091 
 1,050,269 
 1,359,802 
 
 562,033 
 213,693 
 309,820 
 
 169,247 
 
 69,870 
 
 120,108 
 
 537,747 
 229,448 
 326,443 
 
 3,332,118 
 1,563,270 
 2,116,173 
 
 3,261,576 
 1,481,541 
 1,958,137 
 
 3,097,187 
 1,490,823 
 2,159,361 
 
 Totals 
 
 4,473,152 
 
 1,085,546 
 
 359,225 
 
 1,093,638 
 
 7,011,561 
 
 6,701,254 
 
 6,747,371 
 
 ThbPeovinob: 
 
 1886 
 
 1885 
 
 1882-6 
 
 648,009,828 183,748,212 
 626,422,0241 182,477,905 
 637 409 217 1 fi7 071 . ana 
 
 50,530,936 
 48,569,725 
 45,496,743 
 
 107,208,935 
 
 100,690,086 
 
 98,325,787 
 
 989,497,911 
 
 
 
 958,159,740 
 
 
 
 948,302,805 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
63 
 
 RURAL AREA AND POPULATION. 
 
 TABLE No. X. — Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the Rural Area and 
 Population of Ontario as returned by Municipal Assessors for the year 1886. 
 
 
 Rural Area. 
 
 ^ 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Acres of Assessed Land. 
 
 Acres 
 cleared. 
 
 Acres 
 woodland. 
 
 Acres 
 
 swamp, 
 
 marsh or 
 
 waste. 
 
 Acres 
 orchard 
 
 and 
 garden. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Resident. 
 
 Non- 
 resident. 
 
 Total 
 occupied. 
 
 If 
 
 Essex 
 
 Kent 
 
 410,057 
 537,281 
 434,787 
 388,932 
 280,823 
 220,175 
 
 20,392 
 
 30,728 
 
 4,349 
 
 9,530 
 
 114 
 
 7,889 
 
 430,449 
 568,009 
 439,136 
 398,462 
 280,9.S7 
 228,064 
 
 183,928 
 273,622 
 261,904 
 223,485 
 197,922 
 156,051 
 
 227,271 
 255,796 
 160,418 
 151,09J 
 72,285 
 57,614 
 
 19,250 
 38,592 
 16,814 
 23,884 
 10,730 
 14,399 
 
 5,768 
 7,315 
 6,696 
 7,470 
 4,541 
 7,248 
 
 42.7 
 48.2 
 59.6 
 56.1 
 70.5 
 68.4 
 
 30,550 
 31,678 
 
 Elgin 
 
 26,895 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 HaJdimand 
 
 WeUand 
 
 24,377 
 18,185 
 17,811 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,272,055 
 
 73,002 
 
 2,345,057 
 
 1,296,912 
 
 924,476 
 
 123,669 
 
 16,694 
 89,687 
 78,471 
 
 39,038 
 
 55.3 
 
 149,496 
 
 Lambton 
 
 Huron 
 
 Bruce 
 
 612,856 
 781,208 
 767,987 
 
 46,542 
 17,320 
 49,537 
 
 659,398 
 798,528 
 817,524 
 
 252,130 
 
 522,029 
 
 422,310 
 
 1,196,469 
 
 390,574 
 186,812 
 316,743 
 
 5,961 
 
 8,539 
 
 5,446 
 
 19,946 
 
 38.2 
 6;i.4 
 51.7 
 
 30,744 
 49,433 
 42,565 
 
 s Totals. 
 
 2,162,051 
 
 113,399 
 
 2,275,450 
 
 894,129 
 
 184,862 
 
 62.6 
 
 122,742 
 
 Grey 
 
 1,018,993 
 880,991 
 
 43,584 
 
 70,577 
 
 114,161 
 
 1,062,577 
 951,568 
 
 521,543 
 439,166 
 
 396,406 
 467,686 
 
 144,629 
 64,717 
 
 6,719 
 4,378 
 
 49.1 
 46.2 
 
 66,018 
 
 Simcoe 
 
 48,571 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,899,984 
 
 2,014,145 
 
 960,709 
 
 864,090 
 
 199,346 
 
 11,097 
 
 47.7 
 
 104,589 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 .Oxford 
 
 Brant 
 
 749,676 
 470,709 
 213,297 
 515,095 
 619,780 
 304,607 
 333,479 
 
 9,128 
 1,300 
 2,409 
 2,730 
 7,592 
 2,105 
 21,890 
 
 758,804 
 472,009 
 215,706 
 517,825 
 627,372 
 306,712 
 355,369 
 
 501,113 
 334,243 
 168,045 
 360,260 
 427,635 
 231,950 
 177,591 
 
 236,.356 
 109,256 
 27,780 
 127,248 
 99,403 
 .58,232 
 97,092 
 
 21,336 
 28,610 
 19,881 
 40,317 
 100,334 
 16,530 
 80,686 
 
 10,100 
 8,208 
 4,488 
 4,410 
 4,643 
 5,221 
 1,234 
 
 66.0 
 70.8 
 77.9 
 67.6 
 68.2 
 75.6 
 50.0 
 
 52,471 
 29,134 
 16,610 
 
 Perth 
 
 30,643 
 
 "Wellington 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Dufferin 
 
 36,777 
 25,318 
 16,081 
 
 Totals 
 
 3,206,643 
 
 47,154 
 
 2,175 
 
 925 
 
 1,150 
 
 262 
 
 10,390 
 
 21,685 
 
 2,972 
 
 5,671 
 
 2,749 
 
 3,253,797 
 
 190,578 
 272,071 
 222,840 
 288,337 
 539,616 
 500,648 
 370,555 
 432,511 
 232,750 
 
 2,190,837 
 
 755,366 
 
 307,594 
 
 38,304 
 
 67.3 
 
 207,034 
 
 Lincoln , 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Halton 
 
 Peel 
 
 188,403 
 271,146 
 221,690 
 288,075 
 529,226 
 478,963 
 367,583 
 426,840 
 230,001 
 
 149,246 
 202,983 
 165,964 
 230,808 
 403,174 
 327,754 
 270,619 
 308,956 
 181,019 
 
 36,279 
 47,822 
 4.5,185 
 45,614 
 89,568 
 105,132 
 70,474 
 98,700 
 44,934 
 
 5,053 
 21,266 
 11,691 
 11,915 
 46,874 
 67,762 
 29,462 
 24,855 
 
 6,797 
 
 8,059 
 9,197 
 4,603 
 4,452 
 7,856 
 5,298 
 3,897 
 6,485 
 6,503 
 
 78.3 
 74.6 
 74.5 
 80.0 
 74.7 
 66.6 
 73.0 
 71.4 
 77.8 
 
 14,730 
 
 24,865 
 14,239 
 18,756 
 
 York 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Durham 
 
 Northumb'l'd. . 
 Prince Edward 
 
 43,834 
 32,640 
 
 21,778 
 26,723 
 14,759 
 
 Totals 
 
 3,001,927 
 
 47,979 
 
 12,111 
 
 58,358 
 
 6,243 
 
 2,568 
 
 7,869 
 
 390 
 
 13,947 
 
 23,641 
 
 15,268 
 
 38,532 
 
 60,666 
 
 3,049,906 
 
 2,240,523 
 
 583,708i 225,675 
 
 56,350 
 
 73.5 
 
 212,324 
 
 Lennox & Add. 
 
 Eiontenac 
 
 Leeds & Gren. 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Glengarry 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Russell 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Lanark 
 
 384,989 
 608,605 
 732,199 
 234,852 
 240,217 
 288,570 
 269,532 
 226,686 
 548,261 
 822,914 
 609,767 
 
 397,100 
 666,963 
 738,442 
 237,420 
 248,086 
 288,960 
 283,479 
 250,327 
 563,529 
 861,446 
 670,433 
 
 200,094 
 198,631 
 402,626 
 134,351 
 112,006 
 135,818 
 124,545 
 74,244 
 260,708 
 240,236 
 279,999 
 
 102,557 
 364,045 
 220,741 
 71,654 
 125,180 
 127,086 
 121,553 
 173,302 
 168,992 
 560,254 
 260,859 
 
 94,449 
 
 104,287 
 
 115,075 
 
 31,415 
 
 10,900 
 
 26,056 
 
 37,381 
 
 2,781 
 
 133,829 
 
 60,966 
 
 129,575 
 
 2,448 
 
 2,170 
 
 3,121 
 
 1,170 
 
 930 
 
 470 
 
 220 
 
 121 
 
 431 
 
 283 
 
 1,011 
 
 50.4 
 29.8 
 54.5 
 56.6 
 45.1 
 47.0 
 43.9 
 29.7 
 46.3 
 27.9 
 41.8 
 
 18,791 
 21,875 
 37,823 
 J6,442 
 16,709 
 18,602 
 18,552 
 14,988 
 ,31,513 
 29,078 
 21,017 
 
 Totals 
 
 4,966,592 
 
 239,593 
 
 5,206,185 
 
 2,163,258 
 
 2,296,223 
 
 746,704 
 
 12,375 41.6 
 
 244,390 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Peterborough. . 
 
 Haliburton 
 
 Hastings 
 
 530,480 
 492,658 
 534,331 
 869,288 
 
 33,055 
 37,021 
 25,673 
 73,344 
 
 563,535 
 529,679 
 560,004 
 942,632 
 
 232,116 
 
 211,556 
 
 25,230 
 
 322,155 
 
 225,233 
 253.176 
 504;058 
 568,612 
 
 106,186 
 64,948 
 30,716 
 51,965 
 
 1,729 
 
 1,861 
 
 176 
 
 4,944 
 
 41.2 
 39.9 
 
 4.5 
 34.2 
 
 21,626 
 
 18,777 
 
 5,389 
 
 33,215 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,426.757 
 
 169,093 
 
 2,595,850 
 
 791,057 
 
 1,550.978 
 
 253,815 
 
 8,710 
 
 30.6 
 
 78,907 
 
 Muskoka 
 
 Parry Sound. . . 
 Algoma 
 
 454,197 
 234,861 
 235,294 
 
 55,338 
 12,945 
 41,756 
 
 509,535 
 247,806 
 277,050 
 
 50,607 
 21,433 
 30,981 
 
 389,305 
 219,562 
 229,866 
 
 69,723 
 
 6,811 
 
 16,204 
 
 393 
 2i6 
 
 9.9 
 
 8.6 
 11.2 
 
 10,726 
 6,014 
 6,966 
 
 Totals 
 
 924,352 
 
 110,039 
 
 1,034,391 
 
 102,921 
 
 838,732 
 
 92,738 
 
 609 
 
 9.9 
 
 23,706 
 
 The Province: 
 
 1886 
 
 1885 
 
 20,860,361 
 20,671,554 
 
 914,420 
 1,103,745 
 
 21,774,781 
 21,775,299 
 
 10,942,686 
 10,856,283 
 
 8,697,702 
 8,883,004 
 
 2,134,393 
 2,036,012 
 
 186,429 
 191,266 
 
 50.3 
 49.9 
 
 1,143,187 
 1,126,564 
 
The fourth Provincial Fat Stocic Show, under the management of 
 the Agriculture and Arts Association, will be held in the City of Guelph 
 on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, 8th, 9th and lOth of December. 
 
 H. WADE, Secretary, Toronto.